Patent Publication Number: US-2020298951-A1

Title: Method for Filling a Nautical Hydraulic Steering System

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to hydraulic steering systems for boats. 
     BRIEF DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART 
     Hydraulic steering systems offer larger or high-powered vessels a smooth, lightweight feel when turning the steering wheel. 
     Hydraulic steering is made up of three components: a pump with a reservoir for hydraulic oil, a ram that connects to a rudder or outboard engine, and connecting hoses that transmit pressurized fluid from the steering pump to a steering piston rod. Turning the steering wheel in either direction pumps oil through the lines to the ram, which in turn pulls or pushes the rudder, outboard, or sterndrive in the desired direction. 
     The simplest example of hydraulic steering is found on small powerboats powered by single outboard or multiple engines linked by a tie bar. On a small boat, a compact hydraulic pump with integral hydraulic-fluid reservoir located at the steering wheel uses hoses to connect to a steering ram at a transom, which turns the outboard(s) as one turns the steering wheel. Steering systems get progressively more complicated on larger boats with multiple helms, autopilots, and power steering, but the basics are much the same. 
     The hydraulic oil will typically be flushed and replaced every five years or earlier if the hydraulic steering oil contains dirt or is otherwise contaminated. Additionally, small leaks are common (hydraulic oil does not evaporate and is not consumed by use, so low levels of hydraulic oil are typically due to dry rotted or ruptured seals causing leaks), requiring additional hydraulic oil be added even when a complete flush is unnecessary. 
     Those individuals having ordinary skill in the art use one of only two methods to add hydraulic oil to steering systems. The first is a manual process that requires two people and consists of five steps: (1) the first person attaches a bottle of hydraulic oil to a filler tube, attaches the filler tube to the helm, turns the bottle upside down and pokes a hole in the bottom of the bottle (and holds the bottle upside down throughout the remaining steps of the process) in order to fill the pump full of hydraulic oil, (2) the first person then turns the steering wheel, making many revolutions to one side and then the second person opens the corresponding bleeder on the hydraulic steering cylinder, (3) then, while the first person turns the steering wheel in the opposite direction, the second person holds the cylinder body with their hand and, when air-free hydraulic oil streams out of the bleeder, closes the bleeder and lets go of the cylinder body, (4) the first person continues to turn the steering wheel in the same direction until it stops, and the second person then opens the other bleeder, and (5) both people repeat step  3 . The manual process cannot be done alone and is messy, requiring a stream of hydraulic oil to leave the bleeder into (hopefully) an appropriately placed bucket. 
     Alternatively, there exists powered devices, such as the SeaStar® Power Purge and Power Purge Jr., which cleanly and quickly fills and purges a hydraulic steering system. After filling the device&#39;s reservoir with hydraulic oil, the operator attaches the device&#39;s bleed lines and opens both bleeders. The operator then attaches a helm adaptor and installs both of the device&#39;s helm hoses into the helm adapter. The system is now completely closed with the bleed lines and the helm hoses both connected to the device&#39;s body (unlike the manual process that uses the open bleeders and requires a ventilation hole in the oil bottle). Next the operator attaches the device&#39;s power cables to a battery and turns the device on. Once the device&#39;s helm hoses are free of air, the operator starts turning the steering wheel all the way in both directions until the device&#39;s helm hoses are free of air once again. Next, the operator moves the engine from side to side until the device&#39;s helm hoses are once again free of air. The operator then shuts off the system, closes the bleeds and removes the hoses and helm adaptor. 
     Although the powered device solves many of the issues involved with the manual device, it is expensive, costing about $ 750  from most online retailers. 
     There is a need to improve the process of replacing hydraulic oil in steering systems. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings illustrate one or more embodiments and/or aspects of the disclosure and, together with the written description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. Wherever practicable, like reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements of an embodiment, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a front view of an outboard motor and a ram. 
         FIG. 2  is a side view of a helm. 
         FIG. 3A  is a plan view of a first embodiment of various helm-side components of a system for filling hydraulic oil in a nautical steering system. 
         FIG. 3B  is a plan view of a second embodiment of various helm-side components of a system for filling hydraulic oil in a nautical steering system. 
         FIG. 4  is a plan view of a bleed lock. 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart for filling hydraulic oil in a nautical steering system. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described and illustrated below to encompass methods, systems, and devices related to filling hydraulic oil in nautical steering systems. 
     Although example embodiments of the present disclosure are explained in detail herein, it is to be understood that other embodiments are contemplated. Accordingly, it is not intended that the present disclosure be limited in its scope to the details of construction and arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The present disclosure is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. 
     It must also be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. By “comprising” or “containing” or “including” or “having” is meant that at least the named compound, element, particle, or method step is present in the composition or article or method, but does not exclude the presence of other compounds, materials, particles, method steps, even if the other such compounds, material, particles, method steps have the same function as what is named. 
     In describing example embodiments, terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. It is intended that each term contemplates its broadest meaning as understood by those skilled in the art and includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. It is also to be understood that the mention of one or more steps of a method does not preclude the presence of additional method steps or intervening method steps between those steps expressly identified. Steps of a method can be performed in a different order than those described herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Similarly, it is also to be understood that the mention of one or more components in a device or system does not preclude the presence of additional components or intervening components between those components expressly identified. 
       FIG. 1  is a depiction of an outboard motor  100  and a ram  110 . The ram  110  includes a cylinder body  120  that slides along a rod  130 . The cylinder body includes various adapters, fittings, and equipment including two bleeders  140   a,    140   b  and two hose fittings for hydraulic hoses  150   a  and  150   b.  The bleeders  140   a,    140   b  typically have bleed nipple covers that must be removed prior to use. 
       FIG. 2  is a depiction of a helm  200  that includes a steering wheel  210  and a helm fill port  220 . 
       FIG. 3A  is a depiction of a first embodiment of helm-side components  300   a  of the system for filling hydraulic oil from nautical steering systems. The components  300   a  include a bottle of hydraulic oil  305 , a bottle attachment  315   a,  a fluid lock  355 , and a helm fill port adapter  370 . The bottle of hydraulic oil  305  has a lid  310 . The bottle attachment  315   a  includes a lid adapter  330 , which is secured to the first hose  320   a  by a fastener  340   a  on one end, and a valve  350   a  on the other. The fluid lock  355  is a second hose  320   b  with corresponding valves  360   a,    360   b  on both sides. 
     In the depicted embodiment, the lid adapter  330  is an injection-molded lid designed to conform to the dimensions of the bottle lid  310  that includes an 8 mm outside diameter spout in its center. The hoses  320   a,    320   b,    320   c  are a transparent polyurethane pneumatic tubing with a 12 mm outside diameter and an 8 mm inside diameter. The fastener  340   a  is an Oetiker® ear clamp, and the valve  350   a  is a male Parker® 21 KA series quick connect coupling with a hose barb. Those skilled in the art will recognize that additional fasteners, such as additional ear clamps, may be used to secure the valve to hose if a secure connection cannot otherwise be made. Similarly, the fastener  340   a  would be unnecessary if the lid adapter  330  had a barbed design on the outside of the spout to lock it in place when inserted into the first hose  320   a  (such as with the hose barb design on the Parker® 21KA series quick connect coupling). 
     In the depicted embodiment, the second hose  320   b  of the fluid lock  355  is the same material as the first hose  320   a.  The corresponding valves  360   a,    360   b  are female Parker® 21KA series quick connect couplings with hose barbs. 
     In the depicted embodiment, the helm fill port adapter  370  is a single female Parker® 21KA series quick connect couplings with a male thread. 
     Those skilled in the art will recognize that whether a male or female valve is used is arbitrary as long as the bottle attachment  315   a  can connect with the fluid lock  355  and the fluid lock  355  can connect with the helm fill port adapter  370 . Although testing suggests that the fluid lock  355  improves usability and prevents spillage, the helm fill port adapter  370  can be coupled directly to the bottle attachment  315   a  if the valve  350   a  of the bottle attachment  315  corresponded to the helm fill port adapter  370  (i.e., in the first embodiment of  FIG. 3A , if the valve  350   a  were female). 
       FIG. 3B  is a depiction of a second embodiment of helm-side components  300   b  of the system for filling hydraulic oil from nautical steering systems. The components  300   b  include the bottle of hydraulic oil  305 , a bottle attachment  316 , a fluid lock  356 , and the helm fill port adapter  370 . 
     The bottle attachment  316  can be a cap  380  with a valve  390 . The cap  380  is designed to conform to the dimensions of the bottle lid  310 . The cap  380  can be made out of brass and have a ⅛″ National Pipe Tapered tap. The valve  390  can be a rectus Parker® 21KA female quick connect with a male ⅛″ National Pipe Tapered thread. The valve  390  is inserted into the tap of the brass cap  380  (shown in  FIG. 3B  with dashed lines). 
     The fluid lock  356  is a hose  320   c  with two valves  350   b,    360   c.  The hose  320   c  is optimally long enough so that the bottle  305  can rest on top of the helm  200 . The valve  350   c  that connects with the bottle attachment  316  can be a male Parker® 21KA series quick connect coupling that, if it does not include a hose barb (or the hose barb is not sufficient), can be augmented with a fastener  340   b,  such as an ear clamp. Similarly, the distal valve  360   c  can be female Parker® 21KA series quick connect couplings augmented with a fastener  340   c,  such as an ear clamp. 
       FIG. 4  is a depiction of a bleed lock  400 . The bleed lock  400  has only a single fluid path from one end to the other (but the fluid can flow in either direction). In the depicted embodiment the bleed lock  400  uses the same components as the fluid lock  355  from  FIG. 3A  and includes a hose  320   d,  and two valves  360   d,    360   e  and the only difference is that the hose  320   d  is significantly longer than the second hose  320   b  (and even the first hose  320   a ).  FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary flowchart for filling hydraulic oil in a nautical steering system. 
     In step  510 , the operator opens the helm fill port  220  and inserts the helm fill port adapter  370 . 
     In step  520 , the operator attaches the fluid lock  355  (or fluid lock  356  of  FIG. 3B ) to the helm fill port adapter  370 . 
     In step  530 , the operator removes the bleed nipple covers, attaches the bleed lock  400  to bleeders  140   a,    140   b  and uses a wrench to loosen the bleeders  140   a,    140   b.    
     In step  540  the operator removes the lid  310  from the bottle of hydraulic oil  305  and secures the bottle attachment  315  (or bottle attachment  316  of  FIG. 3B ) to the bottle  305 . Throughout the process, the operator should check the level in the bottle  305 . If the hose  320   a  (or hose  320   c  of  FIG. 3B ) is transparent, then the operator will be able to see when there is only air in the hose  320   a,    320   c,  which indicates an empty bottle  305 . When empty, the operator can remove the bottle attachment  315  ( 316 ) from the empty bottle  305  and secure the bottle attachment  315  ( 316 ) to a new, full bottle. 
     In step  550  the operator secures the bottle attachment  315  (or bottle attachment  316  of  FIG. 3B ) to the fluid lock  355 ,  356 , turns the bottle  305  upside down and places the bottle  305  higher than the helm fill port  220  so that gravity will pull the hydraulic oil from bottle  305  to the reservoir and draw air into the bottle. The hydraulic steering system is once again a closed system with no ventilation. 
     In step  560  the operator moves the steering wheel  210  and the motor  100  to move the air out of the system. Optimally, the operator will first move the motor  100  all the way in one direction, then turn the steering wheel  210  about  20  turns in one direction, then reverse and turn the steering wheel  210  about  20  turns in the other direction. If the hose  320   d  of the bleed lock  400  is transparent, then the operator will be able to see when the third hose  320   d  is free of air bubbles and full of hydraulic oil. When this occurs, the operator can move the motor  100  all the way to the other direction. Similarly, if the helm-side hoses  320   a,    320   b  (or helm side hose  320   c  of  FIG. 3B ) are transparent, the operator can see when the hoses  320   a,    320   b  ( 320   c ) starts having less air bubbles flowing through it. At that point, the operator can reduce the number of turns of the steering wheel  210  in each direction. When the operator feels an air bubble (a sudden lessening of resistance in the steering wheel  210 ), the operator can reverse direction for one turn before resuming the original direction. Once the hoses  320   a,    320   b  ( 320   c ),  320   d  are all free of air bubbles, the operator can push the motor  100  from one side to the other (lock to lock) a few times. 
     In step  570  the operator will reset the system. In order to prevent spillage, the operator can turn the bottle  305  right-side up and lower the bottle  305 . Once air bubbles rise to the end of the fluid lock  355  (or fluid lock  356  of  FIG. 3B ) opposite the helm fill port adapter  370  the bottle attachment  315  (or bottle attachment  316  of  FIG. 3B ) can be separated from the fluid lock  355  ( 356 ) without spillage. Then the operator can hand-tighten the bleeders  140   a,    140   b  with a wrench, remove the bleed lock  400 , and replace the bleed nipple covers. The operator can remove the fluid lock  355  ( 356 ) from the helm fill port adapter  370 , remove the helm fill port adapter  370  from the helm fill port  220 , and replace the cover of the helm fill port  220 . 
     As previously stated, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that may be embodied in various forms. It will be appreciated that many modifications and other variations stand within the intended scope of this invention as claimed below. Furthermore, the foregoing description of various embodiments does not necessarily imply exclusion. For example, “some” embodiments may include all or part of “other” and “further” embodiments within the scope of this invention. In addition, “a” does not mean “one and only one;” “a” can mean “one and more than one.” 
     Accordingly, that which is intended to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the claims and includes all variations and modifications that fall within the spirit and scope of the claim. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the claims described in the Letters Patent have been presented with the intent of avoiding the construction authorized under 35 USC § 112(f). Specifically, regardless of whether a claim has functional language, the scope of such a claim is not intended to, in the words of 25 USC § 112(f), “cover the corresponding structure, material, or acts described in the specification and equivalents thereof.” If necessary, and as long as the result is not invalidity, a claim should be interpreted (which may include disregarding formatting such as line indentations) such that either (i) it is not for a combination or (ii) functional elements encompass structure, material, or acts in support thereof.