Patent Publication Number: US-10782842-B2

Title: Touch panel and display apparatus including the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/905,638, filed Feb. 26, 2018, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/818,850, filed on Aug. 5, 2015, and claims priority from and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0105280, filed on Aug. 13, 2014, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0113367, filed on Aug. 28, 2014, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0021837, filed on Feb. 12, 2015, which are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     Exemplary embodiments relate to a touch panel and a display apparatus including the same. 
     Discussion of the Background 
     Touch panels are input devices for inputting a predetermined command when touched by a user&#39;s own hand or an object. 
     Because touch panels can substitute for separate input devices such as a keyboard, a mouse, and the like, they are being used more often in mobile devices. 
     A touch panel may include many types, such as a resistive overlay touch panel, a photosensitive touch panel, and a capacitive touch panel. Among these touch panel types, the capacitive touch panel is widely used and includes a plurality of touch electrodes. The capacitive touch panel detects an input at a particular point where the capacitance changes due to a person&#39;s finger or other conducting object contacting that particular point. The capacitive touch panel may be coupled to a display panel. 
     However, a display panel with a capacitive touch panel may malfunction because the capacitive touch panel has a considerable RC delay due to parasitic capacitance existing between a touch electrode and another component (e.g., a cathode electrode). 
     The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the inventive concept, and, therefore, it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art. 
     SUMMARY 
     Exemplary embodiments provide a touch panel in which an auxiliary mesh electrode is provided to reduce resistance of a touch electrode and thus improve RC delay and a display apparatus including the same. 
     Exemplary embodiments also provide a touch panel that is capable of securing uniform visibility over an entire region and a display apparatus including the same. 
     An exemplary embodiment discloses a touch panel including a substrate, first touch electrodes, each of the first touch electrodes including first mesh patterns disposed on the substrate, an insulation layer disposed on the first touch electrodes, second touch electrodes, each of the second touch electrodes including second mesh patterns disposed on the insulation layer, first auxiliary mesh electrodes disposed on the substrate, the first auxiliary mesh electrodes being electrically connected to at least a portion of the corresponding second mesh patterns, and second auxiliary mesh electrodes disposed on the insulation layer, the second auxiliary mesh electrodes being electrically connected to at least a portion of the corresponding first mesh patterns. 
     An exemplary embodiment also discloses a touch panel including a substrate, first touch electrodes disposed on the substrate and each of the first touch electrodes includes mesh patterns, the first touch electrodes extending in a first direction, an insulation layer disposed on the first touch electrodes, second touch electrodes disposed on the insulation layer, the second touch electrodes extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, first auxiliary electrodes disposed on the same layer as the first touch electrodes and each of which has a mesh shape, the first auxiliary electrodes being electrically connected to at least a portion of the second touch electrodes, and second auxiliary electrodes disposed on the same layer as the second touch electrodes, the second auxiliary electrodes being electrically connected to at least a portion of the first touch electrodes. Each of the second touch electrodes includes first portions disposed on first regions and second portions disposed on second regions different from the first regions and second portions having a pattern shape different from the first portions. 
     An exemplary embodiment also discloses a display apparatus including a display panel for displaying an image and a touch panel coupled to the display panel. The touch panel includes a substrate, first touch electrodes disposed on the substrate and extending in a first direction, each of the first touch electrodes including mesh patterns, an insulation layer disposed on the first touch electrodes, second touch electrodes disposed on the insulation layer to extend in a second direction crossing the first direction, first auxiliary electrodes disposed on the same layer as the first touch electrodes and each of which has a mesh shape, the auxiliary electrodes being electrically connected to at least a portion of the second touch electrodes, and second auxiliary electrodes disposed on the same layer as the second touch electrodes, the second auxiliary electrodes being electrically connected to at least a portion of the first touch electrodes. The second touch electrodes includes first portions disposed on first regions and second portions disposed on second regions different from the first regions and each of which has a pattern shape different from that of each of the first portions. 
     Additional aspects will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and, in part, will be apparent from the disclosure, or may be learned by practice of the inventive concept. 
     The foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the claimed subject matter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the inventive concept, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept and, together with the description, serve to explain principles of the inventive concept. 
         FIGS. 1 and 2  are views of a touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is an enlarged view of a region R 1  of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line A 1 -A 2  of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  is a view of an expansion part according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is an enlarged view of a region R 2  of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line B 1 -B 2  of  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 8  is an enlarged view of a region R 3  of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line C 1 -C 2  of  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 10  is an enlarged view of a region R 4  of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIGS. 11A and 11B  are cross-sectional views taken along sectional line D 1 -D 2  of  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 12  is an enlarged view of a region R 5  of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIGS. 13A and 13B  are cross-sectional views taken along sectional line E 1 -E 2  of  FIG. 12 . 
         FIG. 14  is a view of dummy patterns according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIGS. 15 and 16  are views of a touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 17  is an enlarged view of a region R 6  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 18  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line I-I′ of  FIG. 17 . 
         FIG. 19  is an enlarged view of a region R 7  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line II-II′ of  FIG. 19 . 
         FIG. 21  is an enlarged view of a region R 8  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line III-III′ of  FIG. 21 . 
         FIG. 23  is an enlarged view of a region R 9  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 24  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line IV-IV′ of  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 25  is an enlarged view of a region R 10  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 26  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line V-V′ of  FIG. 25 . 
         FIG. 27  is an enlarged view of the region R 8  of  FIG. 16  to illustrate an exemplary embodiment in which each of second portions of  FIG. 21  has a shape different from that of each of second portions of  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 28  is an enlarged view of a region R 11  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 29  is an enlarged view of a region R 12  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 30  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line VI-VI′ of  FIG. 29 . 
         FIG. 31  is an enlarged view of a region R 13  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIGS. 32A and 32B  are cross-sectional views taken along sectional line VII-VII′ of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 33  is an enlarged view of a region R 14  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIGS. 34A and 34B  are cross-sectional views taken along sectional line VIII-VIII′ of  FIG. 33 . 
         FIG. 35  is an enlarged view of a region R 6  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 36  is an enlarged view of a region R 7  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 37  is an enlarged view of a region R 8  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 38  is an enlarged view of the region R 6  of  FIG. 16  to illustrate an exemplary embodiment in which each of overlapping portions of  FIG. 35  has a shape different from that of each of overlapping portions of  FIG. 38 . 
         FIG. 39  is an enlarged view of a region R 9  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 40  is an enlarged view of a region R 10  of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 41  is a view of dummy patterns according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various exemplary embodiments. It is apparent, however, that various exemplary embodiments may be practiced without these specific details or with one or more equivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring various exemplary embodiments. 
     In the accompanying figures, the size and relative sizes of layers, films, panels, regions, etc., may be exaggerated for clarity and descriptive purposes. Also, like reference numerals denote like elements. 
     When an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present. When, however, an element or layer is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. For the purposes of this disclosure, “at least one of X, Y, and Z” and “at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z” may be construed as X only, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z, such as, for instance, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     Although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, and/or section from another element, component, region, layer, and/or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, and/or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, and/or section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. 
     Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for descriptive purposes, and, thereby, to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of an apparatus in use, operation, and/or manufacture in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the apparatus in the drawings is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. Furthermore, the apparatus may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and, as such, the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms, “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Moreover, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and/or “including,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     Various exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to sectional illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized exemplary embodiments and/or intermediate structures. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein should not be construed as limited to the particular illustrated shapes of regions, but are to include deviations in shapes that result from, for instance, manufacturing. As such, the regions illustrated in the drawings are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actual shape of a region of a device and are not intended to be limiting. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure is a part. Terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein. 
       FIGS. 1 and 2  are views of a touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept.  FIG. 1  illustrates components that exist on a substrate  100  and  FIG. 2  illustrates components that exist on an insulation layer  200 . For convenience  FIGS. 1 and 2  are discussed together. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment may include a substrate  100 , first touch electrodes  101 , an insulation layer  200 , second touch electrodes  102 , first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210 , and second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220 . 
     The first touch electrode  101  and the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  are disposed on the substrate  100 . The substrate  100  may be formed of various materials. For example, the substrate  100  may be formed of an insulation material such as glass or a resin. Also, the substrate  100  may be formed of a flexible material (i.e., a material that bends or folds). The substrate  100  may have a single-layered structure or multi-layered structure. 
     To implement a touch screen function, a touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment may be coupled to a display panel for displaying an image. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate  100  is attached to the display panel. In general, the substrate  100  may be an encapsulation thin film that is used in the display panel. The substrate  100  may also be transparent to transmit light. 
     The first touch electrodes  101  may be disposed lengthwise in a first direction (i.e., a Y-axis direction) and may be arranged on the substrate  100  in a second direction (i.e., an X-axis direction) crossing the first direction. For example, each of the first touch electrodes  101  include first mesh patterns  110  that are arranged on the substrate  100  in the first direction. Here, the first mesh patterns  110  may be electrically connected to each other. More specifically, the first touch electrodes  101  may include first connection patterns  112  that are disposed on the substrate  100  to connect the first mesh patterns  110  to each other. Each of the first mesh patterns  110  may have a mesh shape having openings  117 . The first mesh pattern  110  may be defined by metal lines  115 , each of which has a thin width. 
     The first touch electrodes  101  may be formed of various conductive materials. For example, the first touch electrodes  101  may be formed of an opaque metal material such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), or molybdenum (Mo). 
     The insulation layer  200  may be spread widely above the substrate  100 . Thus, the insulation layer  200  may be disposed on the first touch electrodes  101 . The insulation layer  200  may be disposed on other components (i.e., the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210 , first trace lines  151 , and second trace lines  152 ) that are disposed on the substrate  100 . The insulation layer  200  may be formed of various insulation materials such as silicon oxide (SiO X ) and silicon nitride (SiN X ). 
     The second touch electrodes  102  may be disposed lengthwise in the second direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) and may be arranged on the insulation layer  200  in the first direction (i.e., the Y-axis direction) crossing the second direction. For example, each of the second touch electrodes  102  may include second mesh patterns  120  that are arranged on the insulation layer  200  in the second direction. Here, the second mesh patterns  120  may be electrically connected to each other. More specifically, the second touch electrodes  102  may further include second connection patterns  122  that are disposed on the insulation layer  200  to connect the second mesh patterns  120  to each other. Each of the second mesh patterns  120  may have a mesh shape having openings  127 . The second mesh pattern  120  may be defined by metal lines  125 , each of which has a thin width. 
     The second touch electrodes  102  may be formed of various conductive materials. For example, the second touch electrodes  102  may be formed of an opaque metal material such as Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Ni, or Mo. 
     The first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  may be disposed on the substrate  100 . The first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  may be electrically connected to at least a portion of the second mesh patterns  120  that are disposed on the insulation layer  200 , respectively. For example, a first auxiliary mesh electrode  210  may be disposed under the second mesh pattern  120  such that it is electrically connected to the second mesh pattern  120 . Thus, some second mesh patterns  120  and first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  are electrically connected to each other and may overlap each other. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary embodiment in which all of the second mesh patterns  120  and the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  are electrically connected to each other. In this case, the touch panel may have the same number of the second mesh patterns  120  and the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210 . In an alternate embodiment, only some (i.e., not all) of the second mesh patterns  120  may be electrically connected to the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210 . In this case, the number of second mesh patterns  120  may be different from the number of first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210 . 
     Each of the second touch electrodes  102  may decrease in resistance, thereby improving the RC delay because the touch panel includes the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210 . 
     Each of the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  may have a mesh shape having openings  217 . The first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  may be defined by metal lines  215 , each of which has a thin width. The first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  may be formed of various conductive materials. For example, the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  may be formed of an opaque metal material such as Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Ni, or Mo. 
     To simply manufacturing, the first mesh patterns  110 , the first connection patterns  112 , and the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  are disposed on the same substrate  100  and may be formed of the same material. 
     The second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  may be disposed on the insulation layer  200 . The second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  may be electrically connected to some of the first mesh patterns  110  that are disposed on the substrate  100 . For example, the second auxiliary mesh electrode  220  may be disposed on the first mesh pattern  110  to electrically connect to the first mesh pattern  110 . Thus, some first mesh patterns  110  and second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  are electrically connected to each other may and overlap each other. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary embodiment in which all of the first mesh patterns  110  and the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  are electrically connected to each other. In this case, the touch panel may include the same number of the first mesh patterns  110  and the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220 . In an alternate embodiment, only some of the first mesh patterns  110  may be electrically connected to the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220 . In this case, the number of first mesh patterns  110  may be different from the number of second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220 . 
     Each of the first touch electrodes  101  may decrease in resistance, thereby improving the RC delay because the touch panel includes the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220 . 
     Each of the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  may have a mesh shape having openings  227 . The second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  may be defined by metal lines  225 , each of which has a thin width. The second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  may be formed of various conductive materials. For example, the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  may be formed of an opaque metal material such as Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Ni, or Mo. 
     To simplify manufacturing, the second mesh patterns  120 , the second connection patterns  122 , and the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  may be disposed on the same insulation layer  200  and formed of the same material. The first touch electrodes  101  and the second touch electrodes  102  may be formed of the same material or materials different from each other. The first mesh patterns  110  and the second mesh patterns  120  may be formed of the same material or materials different from each other. 
       FIG. 3  is an enlarged view of a region R 1  of  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line A 1 -A 2  of  FIG. 3 .  FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate a connection structure between the first mesh pattern  110  and the second auxiliary mesh electrode  220 .  FIG. 3  illustrates the first mesh pattern  110  as a dotted line and the second auxiliary mesh electrode  220  as a solid line for clarity. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the touch panel may further include first contact patterns  410  according to an exemplary embodiment. The insulation layer  200  may include first contact holes  310 . 
     The first contact holes  310  may be defined above the first mesh patterns  110 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the first contact holes  310  may be disposed between intersection points of the metal lines  115  of the first mesh pattern  110  and intersection points of the metal lines  225  of the second auxiliary mesh electrode  220 . 
     The first contact patterns  410  may connect a portion of the first mesh patterns  110  to the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  through the first contact holes  310  defined in the insulation layer  200 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the first contact patterns  410  may electrically connect the metal lines  115  of the first mesh pattern  110  to the metal lines  225  of the second auxiliary mesh electrode  220  through the first contact holes  310  defined above the first mesh pattern  110 . The first contact patterns  410  may be integrated with the second auxiliary mesh electrode  220 . Also, the first contact holes  310  may variously change in position and number. 
     To avoid moiré due to misalignment, each of the metal lines  225  of the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  may have a width W 1  different from a width W 2  of each of the metal lines  115  of the first mesh patterns  110 . As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , each of the metal lines  225  of the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  may have the width W 1  greater than the width W 2  of each of the metal lines  115  of the first mesh patterns  110 . 
       FIG. 5  is a view of an expansion part according to an exemplary embodiment. Similar to  FIG. 3 ,  FIG. 5  illustrates the first mesh pattern  110  is as a dotted line and the second auxiliary mesh electrode  220  as a solid line. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , each of the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  may further include an expansion part  229  that extends outward from each of the intersection points of the metal lines  225  according to an exemplary embodiment. Thus, the metal lines  225  may have an increased area at intersection points. As a result, even when misalignment occurs, the expansion part  229  of the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220  enables the contact between the first mesh patterns  110  and the seconded auxiliary mesh electrodes  220 . 
     In an exemplary embodiment, each of the first mesh patterns  110  may further include an expansion part  119  that extends outward from each of the intersection points of the metal lines  115 . Thus, the metal lines  115  may have an increased area at intersection points. As a result, even when misalignment occurs, the expansion part  119  of the first mesh patterns  110  enables between the first mesh patterns  110  and the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220 . 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the increased areas of the metal lines  115  and  225  due to the expansion parts  229  and  119  allow each of the first contact holes  310  to increase in size. Thus, the touch panel may include a wider contact area between the first mesh pattern  110  and the second auxiliary mesh electrode  220  than conventional touch panels or touch panels without expansion parts  229  and  119 . 
       FIG. 6  is an enlarged view of a region R 2  of  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line B 1 -B 2  of  FIG. 6 .  FIGS. 6 and 7  illustrate a connection structure between the second mesh pattern  120  and the first auxiliary mesh electrode  210 . For clarity,  FIG. 6  illustrates the second mesh pattern  120  as a solid line and the first auxiliary mesh electrode  210  as a dotted line. 
     In an exemplary embodiment,  FIGS. 6 and 7  illustrate the touch panel further include second contact patterns  420 . The insulation layer  200  may include second contact holes  320 . 
     The second contact holes  320  may be defined above the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the second contact holes  320  may be disposed between intersection points of the metal lines  215  of the first auxiliary mesh electrode  210  and intersection points of the metal lines  125  of the second mesh pattern  120 . 
     The second contact patterns  420  may connect at least a portion of the second mesh patterns  120  to the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  through the second contact holes  320  defined in the insulation layer  200 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the second contact patterns  420  may electrically connect the metal lines  125  of the second mesh pattern  120  to the metal lines  215  of first auxiliary mesh electrode  210  through the second contact holes  320  defined above the first auxiliary mesh electrode  210 . The second contact patterns  420  may be integrated with the second mesh pattern  120 . Also, the second contact holes  320  may variously change in position and number. 
     To avoid moiré due to the misalignment, each of the metal lines  215  of the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  may have a width W 3  different from a width W 4  of each of the metal lines  125  of the second mesh patterns  120 . As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , each of the metal lines  215  of the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  may have the width W 3  less than the width W 4  of each of the metal lines  125  of the second mesh patterns  120 . 
     Although not shown, the second mesh patterns  120  may further include an expansion part (not shown) that extends outward from each of the intersection points of the metal lines  125 , like expansion part  119  of the first mesh pattern  110  of  FIG. 5 . Also, the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  may further include an expansion part (not shown) that extends outward form each of the intersection points of the metal lines  215 , like expansion part  229  of the second auxiliary mesh electrode  220  of  FIG. 5 . 
     When the touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment is coupled to the display panel, pixels (not shown) of the display panel may be disposed to overlap openings  117  and  127  of the mesh patterns  110  and  120  and openings  217  and  227  of the auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  and  220  ( FIGS. 1 and 2 ), respectively. Thus, light emitted from the pixels may not be blocked by the mesh patterns  110  and  120  and the auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  and  220 . Here, at least one pixel may be disposed within each of the openings  117  and  127  of the mesh patterns  110  and  120 . 
       FIG. 8  is an enlarged view of a region R 3  of  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line C 1 -C 2  of  FIG. 8 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1, 2, 8, and 9 , the touch panel may include first trace lines  151 , first pads  231 , second pads  232 , third contact patterns  430 , and fourth contact patterns  440 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , the first trace lines  151  may be disposed on the substrate  100 . The first trace lines  151  may be electrically connected to the corresponding first touch electrodes  101 . For example, the first trace lines  151  may be disposed on an outer region of the substrate  100 . As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 8 , each of the first trace lines  151  may have an end connected to the outer first mesh patterns  110  of each of the first touch electrodes  101  and the other end extending to the first pads  231 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , the second trace lines  152  may be disposed on the substrate  100 . The second trace lines  152  may be electrically connected to corresponding second touch electrodes  102 . For example, the second trace lines  152  may be disposed on an outer region of the substrate  100 . As shown in  FIGS. 1, 2, 7, and 8 , the second trace lines  152  may be electrically connected to the second touch electrodes  102  disposed on the insulation layer  200  through the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  and the second contact patterns  420 . More specifically, each of the second trace lines  152  may have an end connected to the outer first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  and the other end extending to the second pads  232 . 
     To simplify manufacturing, the first mesh patterns  110 , the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210 , the first trace lines  151 , and the second trace lines  152  may be formed of the same material. 
     The insulation layer  200  may include third contact holes  330  and fourth contact holes  340 . Each of the third contact holes  330  may be disposed on the other end of each of the first trace lines  151 . For example, the third contact holes  330  may be disposed on regions where the first trace lines  151  and the first pads  231  overlap each other. 
     Each of the fourth contact holes  340  may be disposed on the other end of each of the second trace lines  152 . For example, the fourth contact holes  340  may be disposed on regions where the second trace lines  152  and the second pads  232  overlap each other. 
     The first pads  231  and the second pads  232  may be disposed on the insulation layer  200 . For example, the first pads  231  and the second pads  232  may be disposed on an outer region of the insulation layer  200 . 
     The first pads  231  may be connected to the other corresponding ends of the first trace lines  151  through the third contact patterns  430 . Also, the second pads  232  may be connected to the other corresponding ends of the second trace lines  152  through the fourth contact patterns  440 . The third contact patterns  430  may connect the first pads  231  to the corresponding first trace lines  151  through the third contact holes  330  defined in the insulation layer  200 . Also, the third contact patterns  430  may be integrated with the first pads  231 . The fourth contact patterns  440  may connect the second pads  232  to the corresponding second trace lines  152  through the fourth contact holes  340  defined in the insulation layer  200 . Also, the fourth contact patterns  440  may be integrated with the second pads  232 . 
       FIG. 10  is an enlarged view of a region R 4  of  FIG. 2 .  FIGS. 11A and 11B  are cross-sectional views taken along sectional line D 1 -D 2  of  FIG. 10 . However,  FIGS. 11A and 11B  illustrate different examples. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2, 10, 11A, and 11B , the touch panel may further include first auxiliary lines  251  according to an exemplary embodiment. The first auxiliary lines  251  may be disposed on the insulation layer  200 . For example, the first auxiliary lines  251  may be disposed on an outer region of the insulation layer  200 . The first auxiliary lines  251  may be electrically connected to the corresponding first trace lines  151 . Each of the first trace lines  151  may decrease in resistance thereby improving the RC delay because the touch panel includes first auxiliary lines  251 . As illustrated in  FIG. 11A , the first auxiliary line  251  may be disposed above the first trace line  151  and directly connected to the first trace line  151 . For example, at least a portion of the first auxiliary line  251  may directly contact a top surface of the first trace line  151 . 
     In an alternate embodiment,  FIG. 11B  illustrates the first auxiliary lines  251  are connected to the first trace lines  151  through fifth contact holes  350  and fifth contact patterns  450 . Thus, the insulation layer  200  may include fifth contact holes  350  defined above the first trace lines  151 . For example, the fifth contact holes  350  may be disposed on regions where the first trace lines  151  and the first auxiliary lines  251  overlap each other. The fifth contact patterns  450  may connect the first trace lines  151  to the corresponding first auxiliary lines  251  through the fifth contact holes  350  defined in the insulation layer  200 . Thus, even though the insulation layer  200  is disposed between the first trace lines  151  and the first auxiliary lines  251 , the first trace lines  151  and the first auxiliary lines  251  may be electrically connected to each other. Here, at least portions of each of the first trace lines  151  and each of the first auxiliary lines  251  are electrically connected to each other through the fifth contact patterns  450  and may overlap each other. 
     Each of the first auxiliary lines  251  may have a width W 5  different from a width W 6  of each of the first trace lines  151 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 10 , each of the first auxiliary lines  251  may have the width W 5  greater than the width W 6  of each of the first trace lines  151 . 
       FIG. 12  is an enlarged view of a region R 5  of  FIG. 2 .  FIGS. 13A and 13B  are cross-sectional views taken along sectional line E 1 -E 2  of  FIG. 12 . However,  FIGS. 13A and 13B  illustrate different examples. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2, 12, 13A, and 13B , the touch panel may further include second auxiliary lines  252  according to an exemplary embodiment. The second auxiliary lines  252  may be disposed on the insulation layer  200 . For example, the second auxiliary lines  252  may be disposed on an outer region of the insulation layer  200 . The second auxiliary lines  252  may be electrically connected to the corresponding second trace lines  152 . Each of the second trace lines  152  may decrease in resistance to thereby improving the RC delay because the touch panel includes second auxiliary lines  252 . As illustrated in  FIG. 13A , the second auxiliary lines  252  may be disposed above the second trace lines  152  and directly connected to the second trace lines  151 . For example, at least a portion of the second auxiliary line  252  may directly contact a top surface of the second trace line  152 . 
     In an alternate embodiment,  FIG. 13B  illustrates the second auxiliary lines  252  may be connected to the corresponding second trace lines  152  through sixth contact holes  360  and sixth contact patterns  460 . Thus, the insulation layer  200  may include sixth contact holes  360  defined above the second trace lines  152 . For example, the sixth contact holes  360  may be disposed on regions where the second trace lines  152  and the second auxiliary lines  252  overlap each other. The sixth contact patterns  460  may connect the second trace lines  152  to the corresponding second auxiliary lines  252  through the sixth contact holes  360  defined in the insulation layer  200 . Thus, even though the insulation layer  200  is disposed between the second trace lines  152  and the second auxiliary lines  252 , the second trace lines  152  and the second auxiliary lines  252  may be electrically connected to each other. Here, at least portions of each of the second trace lines  152  and each of the second auxiliary lines  252  are electrically connected to each other through the sixth contact patterns  460  and may overlap each other. 
     Each of the second auxiliary lines  252  may have a width W 7  different from a width W 8  of each of the second trace lines  152 . As  FIG. 12  illustrates, each of the second auxiliary lines  252  have the width W 7  greater than that W 8  of each of the second trace lines  152 . 
     To simplify manufacturing, the second mesh patterns  120 , the second auxiliary mesh electrodes  220 , the first auxiliary lines  251 , and the second auxiliary lines  252  may be formed of the same material. The first auxiliary lines  251  and the first trace lines  151  may be formed of the same material or materials different from each other. The second auxiliary lines  252  and the second trace lines  152  may be formed of the same material or materials different from each other. 
       FIG. 14  is a view of dummy patterns according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 14 , the touch panel may include dummy patterns  400  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     There are differences in features such as reflectivity, transmittance, and the like between a region where the first mesh patterns  110  and the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  exist and a region on which the first mesh patterns  110  and the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210  do not exist. Thus, to realize the uniformity in features, dummy patterns  400  may be disposed between the first mesh patterns  110  and the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210 . 
     The dummy patterns  400  may be disposed on the substrate  100  and be in an electrically floated state. Thus, each of the dummy patterns  400  may be spaced a predetermined distance from each of the first mesh patterns  110  and the first auxiliary mesh electrodes  210 . Also, each of the dummy patterns  400  may have a mesh shape (i.e., similar to the first mesh patterns  110 ). 
       FIGS. 15 and 16  are views of a touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment.  FIG. 15  illustrates components that exist on a substrate  500  and  FIG. 16  illustrates components that exist on an insulation layer  600 . For convenience of the reader,  FIGS. 15 and 16  are discussed together. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15 and 16 , the touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment may include the substrate  500 , first touch electrodes  501 , the insulation layer  600 , second touch electrodes  502 , first auxiliary electrodes  610 , and second auxiliary electrodes  620 . 
     The first touch electrodes  501  and the first auxiliary electrodes  610  may be disposed on the substrate  500 . 
     The substrate  500  may be formed of various materials. The substrate  500  may be formed of an insulation material such as glass or a resin. Also, the substrate  500  may be formed of a flexible material (i.e., a material that bends or folds). The substrate  500  may have a single-layered structure or multi-layered structure. Also, the substrate  500  may be transparent to transmit light. 
     To implement a touch screen function, the touch panel may be coupled to a display panel (not shown) for displaying an image. The touch panel may be classified into an outcell type touch panel, an on-cell type touch panel, and an in-cell type touch panel according to the coupling method between the touch panel and the display panel. 
     In the outcell type touch panel, the substrate  500  may be attached to the display panel. In the on-cell type touch panel, the substrate  500  may be an encapsulation thin film that is used in the display panel. In the in-cell type touch panel, the substrate  500  may be one layer within the display panel. 
     The first touch electrodes  501  may be disposed lengthwise in a first direction (i.e., a Y-axis direction) and may be arranged on the substrate  500  in a second direction (i.e., an X-axis direction) crossing the first direction. For example, each of the first touch electrodes  501  may include mesh patterns  510  that are arranged on the substrate  500  in the first direction. Here, the mesh patterns  510  may be electrically connected to each other. For example, the first touch electrodes  501  may further include connection patterns  512  that are disposed on the substrate  500  to connect the mesh patterns  510  to each other. Each of the first touch electrodes  501  may have a mesh shape having openings  517 . The first touch electrode  501  may be defined by metal lines  515 , each of which has a thin width. 
     Each of the metal lines  515  of the first touch electrodes  501  may have a liner shape extending in a direction that intersects with the first and second directions. For example the metal lines  515  may be diagonal to the first and second directions (i.e. at a 45° angle). The metal lines  515  of the first touch electrodes  501  may be disposed to overlap a display region as well as a non-display region such as a black matrix of the display panel (not shown). 
     The first touch electrodes  501  may be formed of various conductive materials. For example, the first touch electrodes  501  may be formed of an opaque metal material such as Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, or an alloy thereof. 
     The first auxiliary electrodes  610  may be disposed on the substrate  500 . The first auxiliary electrode  610  may be disposed on the same layer as the first touch electrodes  501 . The first auxiliary electrodes  610  may be electrically connected to at least a portion of the second touch electrodes  502  that are disposed on the insulation layer  600 . Thus, the first auxiliary electrodes  610  may be disposed under the second touch electrodes  502  so that first auxiliary electrodes  610  and the second touch electrodes  502  are electrically connected. Thus, at least portions of each of the second touch electrodes  502  and each of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  are electrically connected to each other and may overlap each other. 
     Each of the second touch electrodes  502  may decrease in resistance thereby improving RC delay because the touch panel includes first auxiliary electrodes  610 . 
     Each of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  may have a mesh shape having openings  617 . The first auxiliary electrode  610  may be defined by metal lines  615 , each of which has a thin width. Each of the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  may have a liner shape extending in a direction that intersects with the first and second directions (i.e., at a 45° to the first and second direction). The metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  may be disposed to overlap a display region as well as a non-display region such as a black matrix of the display panel (not shown) on a plane. The first auxiliary electrodes  610  may be formed of various conductive materials. For example, the first auxiliary electrodes  610  may be formed of an opaque metal material such as Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, or an alloy thereof. 
     To simplify manufacturing, the first touch electrodes  501  and the first auxiliary electrodes  610  are disposed on the same substrate  500  and may be formed of the same material. 
     The insulation layer  600  may be widely spread above the substrate  500 . Thus, the insulation layer  600  may be disposed on the first touch electrodes  501 . Also, the insulation layer  600  may be disposed on other components (i.e., the first auxiliary electrodes  610 , first trace lines  551 , and second trace lines  552 ) that are disposed on the substrate  500 . The insulation layer  600  may be formed of various insulation materials such as SiO X  and SiN X . 
     The second touch electrodes  502  may be lengthily disposed in second direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) and may be arranged on the insulation layer  600  in the first direction (i.e., the Y-axis direction) crossing the second direction. For example, the second touch electrodes  502  may overlap the first auxiliary electrodes  610  that are adjacent to each other in the second direction. The second touch electrodes  502  may include first portions  560  and second portions  570  which have pattern shapes different from each other. The first portions  560  may be disposed on a first region (not shown) and the second portions  570  may be disposed on a second region (not shown). 
     In  FIG. 16 , the first region may be a region expressed by the darkest shadow and an intermediate shadow of 3-stage shadows, and the second region may be a region expressed by the lightest shadow. 
     The first portions  560  may include overlapping portions  561  and connection portions  563 . The overlapping portions  561  may overlap the first touch electrodes  501 . Specifically, the overlapping portions  561  may overlap the connection patterns  512  shown in  FIG. 15 . 
     The connection portions  563  may connect the overlapping portions  561  to each other. Each of the connection portions  563  may overlap a central portion of each of the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . 
     The second portions  570  may be connected to the connection portions  563  and disposed outside the connection portions  563 . 
     The connection portions  563  may be spaced further away from the second auxiliary electrodes  620  that are relatively adjacent to the second touch electrode  502  than the second portions  570  connected to the connection portions  563  on a plane. One of the connection portions  563  and one of the second portions  570  connected to the connection portions  563  may cover one of the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . 
     A structure having the pattern shape of the overlapping portions  561 , the connection portions  563 , and the second portions  570  will be described. 
     The second touch electrodes  502  may be formed of various transparent conductive materials. For example, each of the second touch electrodes  502  may be formed of a material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). 
     The second auxiliary electrodes  620  may be disposed on the insulation layer  600 . The second auxiliary electrodes  620  may be disposed on the same layer as the second touch electrodes  502 . The second auxiliary electrodes  620  may be electrically connected to at least a portion of the corresponding mesh patterns  510  that are disposed on the substrate  500 . For example, the second auxiliary electrode  620  may be disposed on the mesh pattern  510  such that the second auxiliary electrode  620  is electrically connected to the mesh pattern  510 . Thus, at least portions of the specific mesh pattern  510  and second auxiliary electrode  620  which are electrically may overlap each other. Each of the first touch electrodes  501  may decrease in resistance thereby improving the RC delay because the touch panel includes the second auxiliary electrodes  620 . 
     The second auxiliary electrodes  620  adjacent to each other in the first direction may overlap at least a portion of one of the first touch electrodes  501 . The second auxiliary electrodes  620  may include third portions  660  and fourth portions  670  which have pattern shapes different from each other. 
     The third portions  660  may be disposed on a third region (not shown), and the fourth portions  670  may be disposed on a fourth region (not shown). In  FIG. 16 , the third region is expressed by an intermediate shadow, and the fourth region is expressed by the lightest shadow. Each of the third portions  660  may overlap a central portion of each of the mesh patterns  510 . The fourth portions  670  may be connected to the third portions  660  and disposed outside the third portions  660 . One of the fourth portions  670  may surround one of the third portions  660 . The fourth portions  670  are spaced closer to the second touch electrodes  502  relatively adjacent to the second auxiliary electrode  620  than the third portions  660  connected to the fourth portions  670 . One of the third portions  660  and one of the fourth portions  670  connected to the third portions  660  may cover one of the mesh patterns  510 . 
     A structure having the pattern shape of the third portions  660  and the fourth portions  670  will be described. 
     The second auxiliary electrodes  620  may be formed of various transparent conductive materials. For example, each of the second auxiliary electrodes  620  may be formed of a material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). 
     To simplify manufacturing, the second auxiliary electrodes  620  and the second touch electrodes  502  are disposed on the same insulation layer  600  and may be formed of the same material. 
     Hereinafter, a pattern shape of the second touch electrodes  502  of  FIG. 16  according to an exemplary embodiment will be described. 
       FIG. 17  is an enlarged view of a region R 6  of  FIG. 16 , and  FIG. 18  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line I-I′ of  FIG. 17 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15 to 18 , the overlapping portions  561  may cover the connection patterns  512  disposed on the first region and the openings defined by the connection patterns  512  disposed on first region. The overlapping portions  561  may not have openings to minimize resistance, thereby reducing the RC delay of the second touch electrodes  502 . 
     The insulation layer  600  may not include contact holes in a region that overlaps the overlapping portions  561 . For example, in  FIG. 17 , the insulation layer  600  does not include contact holes at the intersection of metal lines  515 . This is done because the second touch electrodes  502  including the overlapping portions  561  have to be insulated from the first touch electrodes  501 . 
       FIG. 19  is an enlarged view of a region R 7  of  FIG. 16  and  FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line II-II′ of  FIG. 19 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15, 16, 19, and 20 , the connection portions  563  covers the first auxiliary electrodes  610  disposed on the first region and the openings defined by the first auxiliary electrodes  610  disposed on the first region. The connection portions  563  may not have openings. 
     The connection portions  563  may not have openings to improve touch sensitivity because a distance between the connection portions  563  and the first touch electrodes  501  is longer than a distance between the connection portions  563  and the second portions  570  on the plane. 
     The touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment further includes first contact patterns  810 . 
     The insulation layer  600  may include first contact holes  710 . The first contact holes  710  may be defined above the first auxiliary electrode  610 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 19 , the first contact holes  710  may be disposed between intersection points of the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrode  610 . The first contact patterns  810  may be disposed within the first contact holes  710  defined in the insulation layer  600  to electrically connect at least a portion of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  to the connection portions  563 . 
     The first contact patterns  810  may reduce resistance of each of the connection portions  563  to improve the RC delay and touch sensitivity. 
     The first contact patterns  810  may be integrated with the second touch electrode  502 . Also, the first contact holes  710  may variously change in position and number. 
       FIG. 21  is an enlarged view of a region R 8  of  FIG. 16 , and  FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line III-III′ of  FIG. 21 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15, 16, 21, and 22 , the second portions  570  may include first overlapping patterns  571  and first inner patterns  573 . The first overlapping patterns  571  may cover the first auxiliary electrodes  610  disposed on the second region. The first inner patterns  573  may be spaced apart from the first overlapping patterns  571  and disposed within the openings  617  defined by the corresponding first auxiliary electrodes  610 . One of the first inner patterns  573  may be disposed in one opening  617  defined by the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . 
     The second portions  570  may be closer to the first touch electrodes  501  than the connection portions  563  on the plane. To similarly adjust the touch sensitivity of the second portions  570  and the connection portions  563 , openings  572  may be defined in the second portions  570 . For example, the openings  572  defined in the second portions  570  may be spaced a predetermined distance from each other. Also, each of the first overlapping patterns  571  may be spaced a predetermined distance from each of the first inner patterns  573 . 
     The first inner patterns  573  may be electrically floated. 
     The insulation layer  600  may not include contact holes in a region that overlaps the second portions  570 . For example, in  FIG. 22 , the insulation layer  600  does not include contact holes at the intersection of metal lines  615 . This is also done to adjust the touch sensitivity of the second portions  570  and the connection portions  563 . 
     Hereinafter, a pattern shape of the second auxiliary electrodes  620  of  FIG. 16  according to an exemplary embodiment will be described. 
       FIG. 23  is an enlarged view of a region R 9  of  FIG. 16 , and  FIG. 24  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line IV-IV′ of  FIG. 23 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15, 16, 23, and 24 , the third portions  660  may have a pattern shape similar to that of the connection portions  563  that are described with reference to  FIGS. 19 and 20 . 
     The third portions  660  covers the mesh patterns  510  disposed on the third region and the openings  517  defined by the mesh patterns  510 . The third portions  660  may not have openings. 
     The third portions  660  may not have openings to improve the touch sensitivity because a distance between the third portions  660  and the second touch electrodes  502  is longer than a distance between the fourth portions  670  and the second touch electrode  502  on the plane. 
     The touch panel may further include second contact patterns  820 . 
     The insulation layer  600  may include second contact holes  720 . The second contact holes  720  may be defined above the mesh patterns  510 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 23 , the second contact holes  720  may be disposed between intersection points of the metal lines  515  of the mesh pattern  510 . The second contact patterns  820  may be disposed within the second contact holes  720  defined in the insulation layer  600  to electrically connect at least a portion of the mesh patterns  510  to the third portions  660 . 
     The second contact patterns  820  may reduce resistance of each of the third portions  660 , thereby improving the RC delay and touch sensitivity of the touch panel. 
     The second contact patterns  820  may be integrated with the second auxiliary electrode  620 . Also, the second contact holes  720  may variously change in position and number. 
       FIG. 25  is an enlarged view of a region R 10  of  FIG. 16 , and  FIG. 26  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line V-V′ of  FIG. 25 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15, 16, 25, and 26 , the fourth portions  670  may have a pattern shape similar to that of the second portions  570  that are described with reference to  FIGS. 21 and 22 . 
     The fourth portions  670  may include second overlapping patterns  671  and second inner patterns  673 . The second overlapping patterns  671  may cover the mesh patterns  510  disposed on the fourth region. The second inner patterns  673  may be spaced apart from the second overlapping patterns  671  and disposed within the openings  517  defined by the corresponding mesh patterns  510  disposed on the fourth region. 
     The fourth portions  670  may be closer to the second touch electrodes  502  than the third portions  660  on the plane. To similarly adjust the touch sensitivity of the fourth portions  670  and the third portions  660 , openings  672  may be defined in the fourth portions  670 . For example, the openings  672  defined in the fourth portions  670  may be spaced a predetermined distance from each other. Also, each of the second overlapping patterns  671  may be spaced a predetermined distance from each of the second inner patterns  673 . 
     The second inner patterns  673  may be electrically floated. 
     The insulation layer  600  may not include contact holes in a region that overlaps the fourth portions  670 . For example in  FIG. 26 , the insulation layer  600  does not include contact holes at the intersection of metal lines  515 . This is done for similarly adjusting the touch sensitivity of the fourth portions  670  and the third portions  660 . 
     Referring again to  FIGS. 15 to 26 , when the second touch electrodes  502  cover only a portion of the metal lines  515  and  615 , a difference in visibility between the covered region and the non-covered region may occur. For example, since a material for forming the second touch electrodes  502  has a specific refractive index, light passing through the second touch electrodes  502  and then reflected by the metal lines  515  and  615  and light reflected by the metal lines  515  and  615  without passing through the second touch electrodes  502  may have a difference in optical property. Similarly, when the second auxiliary electrodes  620  cover only a portion of the metal lines  515 , a difference in visibility between the covered region and the non-covered region may occur. 
     The second touch electrodes  502  may cover all of the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  and the metal lines  515  of at least a portion of the connection patterns  512 . More specifically, all of the connection portions  563  and the second portions  570  may cover the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . The overlapping portions  561  may cover the metal lines  515  of at least a portion of the connection patterns  512 . 
     The second auxiliary electrodes  620  may cover the metal lines  515  of at least a portion of the first touch electrodes  501 . The second auxiliary electrodes  620  may cover all of the metal lines  515  of the mesh patterns  510 . 
     In the touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment, the second touch electrodes  502  and the second auxiliary electrodes  620  may cover the metal lines  515  of the first touch electrodes  501  and the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  to secure a uniform visibility over the entire region. 
       FIG. 27  is an enlarged view of the region R 8  of  FIG. 16  to illustrate an example similar to  FIG. 21  but each of the second portions  580  in  FIG. 27  has a shape different from that of each of second portions  570  of  FIG. 21 . Differences between second portions  580  of  FIG. 27  and the second portions  570  of  FIG. 21  will be described with reference to  FIG. 27 . 
     The second portions  580  may include first overlapping patterns  581  and first inner patterns  583 . Since the first overlapping patterns  581  are substantially the same as the first overlapping pattern  571  that are described with reference to  FIG. 21 , their detailed description will be omitted. 
     The first inner patterns  583  may be disposed in one opening  617  defined by the first auxiliary electrodes  610  on the plane. The first inner patterns  583  may be disposed in one opening  617  defined by the first auxiliary electrodes  610  on the plane. The first inner patterns  583  disposed in the one opening  617  defined by the first auxiliary electrodes  610  may be spaced apart from each other. One first inner pattern  583  of  FIG. 27  may have a size less than that of one first inner pattern  573  of  FIG. 21 . For example, four first inner patterns  583  of  FIG. 27  may be disposed in one opening  617  while one first inner pattern  573  is disposed in one opening  572  of  FIG. 21 . 
     Since the first inner patterns  583  are electrically floated, the first overlapping patterns  581  together with the conductive patterns adjacent to the first overlapping patterns  581  may form parasitic capacitors. 
     According to the touch panel of  FIG. 27 , each of the first inner patterns  583  may decrease in size to reduce capacitance of each of the parasitic capacitors and improve sensitivity of the touch panel. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 25 , each of the fourth portions  670  of the second auxiliary electrodes  620  may have a structure similar to that of each of the second portions  580  of  FIG. 27 . Particularly, the second inner patterns  673 , which are spaced apart from each other, of the fourth portions  670  may be disposed in one opening  517  defined by the mesh patterns  510  on the plane. 
       FIG. 28  is an enlarged view of a region R 11  of  FIG. 16 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15, 16, and 28 , the insulation layer  600  may further include outer contact holes  711 . Each of the outer contact holes  711  may perform a function similar to that of each of the first contact holes  710 . For brevity, the first contact holes  710  are omitted in  FIG. 28 . 
     The outer contact holes  711  may be defined in a region that is closest to the overlapping portions  561  in the second direction (i.e., x-axis direction) on the plane, of regions that overlap the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . 
     First outer contact patterns (not shown) may be disposed within the outer contact holes  711 . The first outer contact patterns (not shown) may electrically connect at least a portion of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  to the connection portions  563  of the second touch electrodes  502 . 
     Each of the outer contact holes  711  may be spaced a first distance T 1  from each of the overlapping portions  561  in the second direction on the plane. For example, the first distance T 1  may be within about 10 μm. 
     The outer contact holes  711  may be defined adjacent to each other in the first direction (i.e., the y-axis direction). If the outer contact holes  711  overlap the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610 , the outer contact holes  711  may be defined in position except for intersection points of the metal lines  615 . 
     The contact holes, which are defined in positions closest to the overlapping portions  561  on the plane, of the contact holes connecting the first auxiliary electrodes  610  to the second touch electrodes  502  may be defined as the outer contact holes  711 , but not be defined as the first contact holes  710 , even though the contact holes are defined in the intersections of the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . 
       FIG. 29  is an enlarged view of a region R 12  of  FIG. 16 .  FIG. 30  is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line VI-VI′ of  FIG. 29 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15, 16, 29, and 30 , the touch panel may include first trace lines  551 , second trace lines  552 , first pads  631 , second pads  632 , third contact patterns  830 , and fourth contact patterns  840 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 15 , the first trace lines  551  may be disposed on the substrate  500 . The first trace lines  151  may be electrically connected to the corresponding first touch electrodes  501 . For example, the first trace lines  551  may be disposed on an outer region of the substrate  500 . Also, each of the first trace lines  551  may have an end connected to outer mesh patterns  510  of each of the first touch electrodes  501  and the other end extending to the first pads  631 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 15 , the second trace lines  552  may be disposed on the same layer as the first trace lines  551 . The second trace lines  552  may be electrically connected to the corresponding first auxiliary electrodes  610 . The second trace lines  552  may be disposed on an outer region of the substrate  500 . Also, the second trace lines  552  may be electrically connected to the second touch electrodes  502  disposed on the insulation layer  600  through the first auxiliary electrodes  610  and the second contact patterns  820 . More specifically, each of the second trace lines  552  may have an end connected to the outer first auxiliary electrodes  610  and the other end extending to the second pads  632 . 
     To simplify manufacturing, the mesh patterns  510 , the first auxiliary electrodes  610 , the first trace lines  551 , and the second trace lines  552  may be formed of the same material. 
     The insulation layer  600  may include third contact holes  730  and fourth contact holes  740 . Each of the third contact holes  730  may be disposed on the other end of each of the first trace lines  551 . For example, the third contact holes  730  may be disposed on regions where the first trace lines  551  and the first pads  631  overlap each other. 
     Each of the fourth contact holes  740  may be disposed on the other end of each of the second trace lines  552 . For example, the fourth contact holes  740  may be disposed on regions where the second trace lines  552  and the second pads  632  overlap each other. 
     The first pads  631  and the second pads  632  may be disposed on the insulation layer  600 . For example, the first pads  631  and the second pads  632  may be disposed on an outer region of the insulation layer  600 . 
     The first pads  631  may be connected to the other ends of the first trace lines  551  through the corresponding third contact patterns  830 . Also, the second pads  632  may be connected to the other ends of the second trace lines  552  through the corresponding fourth contact patterns  840 . The third contact patterns  830  may connect the first pads  631  to the corresponding first trace lines  551  through the third contact holes  730  defined in the insulation layer  600 . Also, the third contact patterns  830  may be integrated with the first pads  631 . The fourth contact patterns  840  may connect the second pads  632  to the corresponding second trace lines  552  through the fourth contact holes  740  defined in the insulation layer  600 . Also, the fourth contact patterns  840  may be integrated with the second pads  632 . 
       FIG. 31  is an enlarged view of a region R 13  of  FIG. 16 .  FIGS. 32A and 32B  are cross-sectional views taken along sectional line VII-VII′ of  FIG. 31 . However,  FIGS. 32A and 32B  illustrate different examples. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 16, 31, 32A, and 32B , the touch panel may further include first auxiliary lines  651 . 
     The first auxiliary lines  651  may be disposed on the insulation layer  600 . For example, the first auxiliary lines  651  may be disposed on an outer region of the insulation layer  600 . The first auxiliary lines  651  may be electrically connected to the corresponding first trace lines  551 . Each of the first trace lines  551  may decrease in resistance, thereby improving the RC delay because the touch panel includes the first auxiliary lines  651 . Here, as illustrated in  FIG. 32A , the first auxiliary line  651  may be disposed above the first trace line  551  and directly connected to the first trace line  151 . For example, at least a portion of the first auxiliary line  651  may directly contact a top surface of the trace line  551 . 
     Alternately, as illustrated in  FIG. 32B , the first auxiliary lines  651  may be connected to the first trace lines  551  through corresponding fifth contact holes  750  and fifth contact patterns  850 . More specifically, the insulation layer  600  may include fifth contact holes  750  defined above the first trace lines  551 . For example, the fifth contact holes  750  may be disposed on regions on which the first trace lines  551  and the first auxiliary lines  651  overlap each other. The fifth contact patterns  850  may connect the first trace lines  551  to the corresponding first auxiliary lines  651  through the fifth contact holes  750  defined in the insulation layer  600 . Thus, even though the insulation layer  600  is disposed between the first trace lines  551  and the first auxiliary lines  651 , the first trace lines  551  and the first auxiliary lines  651  may be electrically connected to each other. Here, at least portions of each of the first trace lines  551  and each of the first auxiliary lines  651  which are electrically connected to each other through the fifth contact patterns  850  may overlap each other. 
       FIG. 33  is an enlarged view of a region R 14  of  FIG. 16 .  FIGS. 34A and 34B  are cross-sectional views taken along sectional line VIII-VIII′ of  FIG. 33 . However,  FIGS. 34A and 34B  illustrate different examples. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 16, 33, 34A, and 34B , the touch panel may further include second auxiliary lines  652 . 
     The second auxiliary lines  652  may be disposed on the same layer as the first auxiliary lines  651 . The second auxiliary lines  652  may be disposed on the insulation layer  600 . For example, the second auxiliary lines  652  may be disposed on an outer region of the insulation layer  600 . The second auxiliary lines  652  may be electrically connected to the corresponding second trace lines  552 . Each of the second trace lines  552  may decrease in resistance thereby improving the RC delay because the touch panel includes the second auxiliary lines  652 . Here, as illustrated in  FIG. 34A , the second auxiliary lines  652  may be disposed above the second trace lines  552  and directly connected to the corresponding second trace lines  552 . For example, at least a portion of the second auxiliary lines  652  may directly contact top surfaces of the second trace lines  552 . 
     Alternately, as illustrated in  FIG. 34B , the second auxiliary lines  652  may be connected to the corresponding second trace lines  552  through sixth contact holes  760  and sixth contact patterns  860 . More specifically, the insulation layer  600  may include sixth contact holes  760  defined above the second trace lines  552 . For example, the sixth contact holes  760  may be disposed on regions where the second trace lines  552  and the second auxiliary lines  652  overlap each other. The sixth contact patterns  860  may connect the second trace lines  552  to the corresponding second auxiliary lines  652  through the sixth contact holes  760  defined in the insulation layer  600 . Thus, even though the insulation layer  600  is disposed between the second trace lines  552  and the second auxiliary lines  652 , the second trace lines  552  and the second auxiliary lines  652  may be electrically connected to each other. Here, at least portions of each of the second trace lines  552  and each of the second auxiliary lines  652 , which are electrically connected to each other through the sixth contact patterns  860 , may overlap each other. 
     To simplify manufacturing, the second touch electrodes  502 , the second auxiliary electrodes  620 , the first auxiliary lines  651 , and the second auxiliary lines  652  may be formed of the same material. 
     Hereinafter, a pattern shape of the second touch electrodes  502  of  FIG. 16  according to another embodiment will be described. 
       FIG. 35  is an enlarged view of a region R 6  of  FIG. 16 . Differences between overlapping portions  561 ′ of  FIG. 35  and the overlapping portions  561  of  FIG. 17  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 15, 16, and 35 . 
     Overlapping portions  561 ′ may cover a portion of the connection patterns  512  disposed on the first region. More specifically, the overlapping portions  561 ′ may expose a portion of the connection patterns  512  disposed on the first region. The overlapping portions  561 ′ may include openings  562  through which the connection patterns  512  are exposed. The overlapping portions  561 ′ may cover the intersections of the metal lines  515  of the connection patterns  512 . The overlapping portions  561 ′ may expose portions except for the intersection points of the metal lines  515  of the connection pattern  512  through the openings  562 . 
     In  FIG. 35 , each of the openings  562  has a rectangular shape. However, the present disclosure is not limited to such an embodiment. For example, the opening  562  may have various shapes (i.e., an oval shape, a polygonal shape, and so on). 
       FIG. 36  is an enlarged view of a region R 7  of  FIG. 16 . Differences between connection portions  563 ′ of  FIG. 36  and the connection portion  563  of  FIG. 19  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 15, 16, and 36 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 36 , the connection portions  563 ′ may cover a portion of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  disposed on the first region. More specifically, the connection portions  563 ′ may expose a portion of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  disposed on the first region. The connection portions  563 ′ may include openings  564  through which the first auxiliary electrodes  610  are exposed. The opening  564  may have various shapes (i.e., an oval shape, a polygonal shape, and so on). The connection portions  563 ′ may cover the intersections of the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . The connection portions  563 ′ may expose portions except for the intersection points of the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  through the openings  564 . 
     Since the first contact holes  710  and the first contact patterns  810  are substantially the same as those of  FIGS. 19 and 20 , their detailed descriptions will be omitted. 
       FIG. 37  is an enlarged view of a region R 8  of  FIG. 16 . Differences between second portions  570 ′ and the second portion  570  of  FIG. 21  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 15, 16, and 37 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 37 , the second portions  570 ′ may be disposed outside the connection portions  563 ′. The second portions  570 ′ may include first inner patterns  574 . The first inner patterns  574  may be disposed in the openings  617  defined by the first auxiliary electrodes  610  on the plane. In  FIG. 37 , one of the first inner patterns  574  may be disposed in one opening  617  defined by the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . 
     The second portions  570 ′ may include openings  575  defined between the first auxiliary electrodes  610  adjacent to each other. The second portions  570 ′ may expose portions except for the intersection points of the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  through the openings  575 . For example, the openings  575  defined in the second portions  570 ′ may be spaced a predetermined distance from each other. 
     The first inner patterns  574  may be electrically floated. 
       FIG. 38  is an enlarged view of the region R 6  of  FIG. 16 , wherein each of overlapping portions  561 ′ of  FIG. 35  has a shape different from that of each of overlapping portions  561 ″ of  FIG. 38 . 
     Overlapping portions  561 ″ may cover a portion of the connection patterns  512  disposed on the first region. More specifically, the overlapping portions  561 ″ may expose a portion of the connection patterns  512  disposed on the first region. The overlapping portions  561 ″ may include openings  568  through which the connection patterns  512  are exposed. The overlapping portions  561 ″ may cover portions except for the intersections of the metal lines  515  of the connection patterns  512 . The overlapping portions  561 ″ may expose the intersection points of the metal lines  515  of the connection pattern  512  through the openings  562 . 
     In  FIG. 38 , each of the openings  568  may have a cross shape in which each of the intersection points of the metal lines  515  of the connection patterns  512  and a portion of surrounding of the intersection point are exposed. However, the present disclosure is not limited to such an embodiment. For example, the opening  568  may have various shapes (i.e., an oval shape, a polygonal shape, and so on). 
     Hereinafter, a pattern shape of the second auxiliary electrodes  620  of  FIG. 16  according to another embodiment will be described. 
       FIG. 39  is an enlarged view of a region R 9  of  FIG. 16 . Differences between third portions  660 ′ and the third portion  660  of  FIG. 23  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 15, 16, and 39 . 
     The third portions  660 ′ may cover a portion of the mesh patterns  510  disposed on the third region. More specifically, the third portions  660 ′ may cover a portion of the mesh patterns  510  disposed on the third region. The third portions  660 ′ may include openings  664  through which the mesh patterns  510  are exposed. The opening  664  may have various shapes (i.e., an oval shape, a polygonal shape, and so on). The third portions  660 ′ may cover the intersections of the metal lines  515  of the mesh patterns  510 . The third portions  660 ′ may expose portions except for the intersection points of the metal lines  515  of the mesh pattern  510  through the openings  664 . 
     Since the second contact holes  720  and the second contact patterns  820  are substantially the same as those of  FIGS. 23 and 24 , their detailed descriptions will be omitted. 
       FIG. 40  is an enlarged view of a region R 10  of  FIG. 16 . Differences between fourth portions  670 ′ and the fourth portion  670  of  FIG. 25  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 15, 16, and 40 . 
     The fourth portions  670 ′ may include second inner patterns  674 . The second inner patterns  674  may be disposed in the openings  517  defined by the mesh pattern  510  on the plane. In  FIG. 39 , one of the second inner patterns  674  may be disposed in one opening  517  defined by the mesh patterns  510 . The fourth portions  670 ′ may include openings  675  defined between the second inner patterns  674  adjacent to each other. The fourth portions  670 ′ may expose the metal lines  515  of the mesh patterns  510  disposed on the fourth region through the openings  675 . For example, the openings  675  defined in the fourth portions  670 ′ may be spaced a predetermined distance from each other. 
     The second inner patterns  674  may be electrically floated. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 35 to 40 , the second touch electrodes  502  may expose the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  and the metal lines  515  of at least a portion of the connection patterns  512 . Particularly, the connection portions  563 ′ may expose a portion of the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . The second portions  570 ′ may expose the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . The overlapping portions  561 ′ may expose a portion of the connection patterns  512 . 
     The second auxiliary electrodes  620  may expose a portion of the metal lines  515  of the first touch electrodes  501 . Particularly, the third portions  660 ′ may expose the metal lines  515  of the first touch electrodes  501 . The fourth portions  670 ′ may expose the metal lines  515  of the first touch electrodes  501 . 
     In the touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment, the second touch electrodes  502  and the second auxiliary electrodes  620  expose the metal lines  515  of the first touch electrodes  501  and the metal lines  615  of the first auxiliary electrodes  610  to secure the uniform visibility over the entire region. 
       FIG. 41  is a view of dummy patterns according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 41 , the touch panel may include dummy patterns  800 . 
     There are differences in features such as reflectivity, transmittance, and the like between a region on which the mesh patterns  510  and the first auxiliary electrodes  610  exist and a region on which the mesh patterns  510  and the first auxiliary electrodes  610  do not exist. Thus, to realize uniformity in these features, the dummy patterns  800  may be disposed between the mesh patterns  510  and the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . 
     The dummy patterns  800  may be disposed on the substrate  500  and be in an electrically floated state. More specifically, each of the dummy patterns  800  may be spaced a predetermined distance from each of the mesh patterns  510  and the first auxiliary electrodes  610 . Also, each of the dummy patterns  800  may have a mesh shape, like the mesh patterns  510 . 
     As described above, according to the embodiments, the auxiliary mesh electrode is provided in a touch panel to reduce resistance of the touch electrode and thus improve the RC delay of the touch panel. Also, according to the embodiments, the touch panel is capable of securing uniform visibility over the entire region of the touch panel. 
     Although certain exemplary embodiments and implementations have been described herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparent from this description. Accordingly, the inventive concept is not limited to such embodiments, but rather to the broader scope of the presented claims and various obvious modifications and equivalent arrangements.