Patent Publication Number: US-2021171765-A1

Title: Glass fiber filled thermoplastic composition having good mechanical properties

Description:
The present invention relates to a thermoplastic composition, in particular to a thermoplastic polycarbonate composition, for producing a thermoplastic moulding material, to a process for producing the thermoplastic moulding material, to the moulding material itself, to the use of the composition or moulding material for producing moulded articles and to the moulded articles themselves. 
     Polycarbonate compositions have been known for a long time, and these materials are used to produce moulded articles for a very wide variety of applications, for example in the automobile sector, for rail vehicles, for the construction sector, in the electrical/electronics sector and in domestic appliances. By varying the amount and type of the formulation constituents the compositions and thus also the produced moulded articles may be adapted over wide ranges in terms of their thermal, rheological and mechanical properties according to the requirements for the respective application. 
     For some applications, particularly in the case of thin-walled components, the stiffness of moulded articles containing polycarbonate compositions is not sufficient. To increase the elastic modulus reinforcing materials such as talc, wollastonite or glass fibres are therefore added. Glass fibres are particularly suitable for a significant increase in stiffness. 
     However the abovementioned reinforcing materials often result in a deterioration in toughness properties which in turn may be at least partly compensated by addition of polymeric blend partners having low glass transition temperatures as an elastic component. 
     Examples of these impact modifiers used are graft polymers with a core-shell structure made of a butadiene-containing core and of a graft shell made of vinyl(co)polymer, this shell being intended to ensure (a degree of) compatibility of the modifier with the polycarbonate and with other polymer components that may be present in the mixture. 
     EP 0 315 868 A2 describes the use of graft polymers produced from a particulate diene rubber and a graft shell made of vinyl monomers in polycarbonate compositions. The moulding materials feature good toughness at low temperatures and good resistance to petroleum spirit. 
     Other types of elastomer components which do not have a core-shell structure are also employed. 
     WO 2013/045544 A1 discloses flame-retardant PC/ABS compositions with good impact strength, flowability and chemicals resistance. The compositions contain polycarbonates, graft polymers and a rubber-free alpha-olefin terpolymer. The moulding materials are suitable in particular for thin-walled housing parts in the electrical and electronics sector. 
     US 2015/0353732 A1 discloses compositions containing polycarbonate and/or polyester, optionally impact modifier and flame retardant and also a compatibilizer with a maleic anhydride-functionalized polyolefin. Improved impact strength is achieved by virtue of the compatibilizer. 
     WO 2013/045552 A1 discloses thermoplastic moulding materials made of polycarbonate and inorganic fillers containing from 0.01 to 0.5 parts by weight of at least one anhydride-modified alpha-olefin terpolymer and having a high level of stiffness and good toughness. 
     US 2014/0329948 A1 discloses impact-modified and glass-fibre-reinforced polycarbonate compositions having high stiffness and good thermal and rheological properties in conjunction with good flame retardancy. The compositions contain polycarbonate, flame retardant, glass fibres and an anhydride-modified alpha-olefin terpolymer. 
     WO 2015/189761 discloses thermally conductive thermoplastic compositions comprising a polymer matrix, a chemically reactive impact modifier and a thermally conductive filler. A maleic-anhydride-grafted ethylene copolymer is disclosed as chemically reactive impact modifier. The compositions feature good thermal conductivity and toughness. 
     However, the described glass-fibre-reinforced compositions and moulding materials from the prior art feature a toughness which remains insufficient, in particular in terms of multiaxial stress and breaking elongation in tensile tests. Toughness could in principle be enhanced by increasing the proportion of the elastic component but this generally results in poorer processability of the moulding materials in the injection moulding process for example. 
     It was therefore desirable to provide glass-fibre-reinforced compositions which on account of good melt flowability are readily processable and which simultaneously also allow production of moulded articles having a good toughness. 
     It was in particular desirable to provide glass-fibre-reinforced compositions featuring a high maximum force in the penetration test, a high breaking elongation, a low melt viscosity and a high MVR value. 
     It has now been found that, surprisingly, a composition for producing a thermoplastic moulding material, wherein the composition comprises the following constituents: 
     A) at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of aromatic polycarbonate and aromatic polyestercarbonate,
 
B) at least one anhydride-functionalized ethylene-α-olefin copolymer or ethylene-α-olefin terpolymer having a weight-average molecular weight Mw of 50000 to 500000 g/mol, preferably 100000 to 400000 g/mol and particularly preferably of 150000 to 350000 g/mol, in each case determined by high-temperature gel permeation chromatography using ortho-dichlorobenzene as solvent against polystyrene standards,
 
C) glass fibres,
 
exhibits the advantageous properties.
 
     The compositions preferably comprise 
     40% to 98.9% by weight, more preferably 50% to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 60% to 85% by weight, of the component A,
 
0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.5% to 9% by weight, particularly preferably 1% to 8% by weight, of the component B,
 
1% to 40% by weight, preferably 5% to 35% by weight, particularly preferably 10% to 25% by weight, of the component C, and
 
0% to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.1% to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 0.2% to 10% by weight, of further polymeric constituents and/or polymer additives as component D.
 
     In a preferred embodiment the compositions consist to an extent of at least 90% by weight of the components A to D. It is most preferable when the compositions consist only of the components A to D. 
     It is possible for the maleic anhydride groups of the component B to enter into chemical reactions with the component A and/or with other components of the composition. 
     The maleic anhydride groups may also enter into chemical reactions with moisture or with other impurities. 
     Such reactions occur in particular in the melt at high temperatures such as those that prevail during melt compounding (e.g. in an extruder) and injection moulding. 
     This reduces the proportion of maleic anhydride groups. In the context of the present patent application moulding materials according to the invention are to be understood as also including those obtained when the components A, B, C and optionally D are physically mixed and subjected to melt compounding. 
     Component A 
     Polycarbonates in the context of the present invention include not only homopolycarbonates but also copolycarbonates and/or polyestercarbonates; the polycarbonates may be linear or branched in known fashion. Also employable according to the invention are mixtures of polycarbonates. 
     The thermoplastic polycarbonates including the thermoplastic aromatic polyestercarbonates have weight-average molecular weights M w  determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography in methylene chloride with a polycarbonate standard) of 15 000 g/mol to 50 000 g/mol, preferably of 20 000 g/mol to 35 000 g/mol, in particular of 23 000 g/mol to 33 000 g/mol. 
     A portion, up to 80 mol %, preferably from 20 mol % to 50 mol %, of the carbonate groups in the polycarbonates used in accordance with the invention may have been replaced by aromatic dicarboxylic ester groups. Such polycarbonates, which contain both acid radicals of carbonic acid and acid radicals of aromatic dicarboxylic acids incorporated into the molecular chain, are referred to as aromatic polyestercarbonates. In the context of the present invention they are subsumed by the umbrella term “thermoplastic aromatic polycarbonates”. 
     The polycarbonates are produced in known fashion from diphenols, carbonic acid derivatives, optionally chain terminators and optionally branching agents, wherein for the production of the polyestercarbonates a portion of the carbonic acid derivatives is replaced by aromatic dicarboxylic acids or derivatives of the dicarboxylic acids according to the extent to which the carbonate structural units are to be replaced by aromatic dicarboxylic ester structural units in the aromatic polycarbonates. 
     Dihydroxyaryl compounds suitable for producing polycarbonates include those of formula (1) 
       HO—Z—OH  (1),
 
     in which
     Z is an aromatic radical which has 6 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain one or more aromatic rings, may be substituted and may contain aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radicals or alkylaryls or heteroatoms as bridging elements.   

     It is preferable when Z in formula (1) represents a radical of formula (2) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which
     R 6  and R 7  independently of one another represent H, C 1 - to C 18 -alkyl-, C 1 - to C 18 -alkoxy, halogen such as Cl or Br or in each case optionally substituted aryl or aralkyl, preferably H or C 1 - to C 12 -alkyl, particularly preferably H or C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl and very particularly preferably H or methyl, and   X represents a single bond, —SO 2 —, —CO—, —O—, —S—, C 1 - to C 6 -alkylene, C 2 - to C 5 -alkylidene or C 5 - to C 6 -cycloalkylidene which may be substituted by C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, or else represents C 6 - to C 12 -arylene which may optionally be fused to further aromatic rings containing heteroatoms.   

     It is preferable when X represents a single bond, C 1 - to C 5 -alkylene, C 2 - to C 5 -alkylidene, C 5 - to C 6 -cycloalkylidene, —O—, —SO—, —CO—, —S—, —SO 2 — or a radical of formula (2a) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of dihydroxyaryl compounds (diphenols) are: dihydroxybenzenes, dihydroxydiphenyls, bis(hydroxyphenyl)alkanes, bis(hydroxyphenyl)cycloalkanes, bis(hydroxyphenyl)aryls, bis(hydroxyphenyl) ethers, bis(hydroxyphenyl) ketones, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfides, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides, 1,1′-bis(hydroxyphenyl)diisopropylbenzenes and the ring-alkylated and ring-halogenated compounds thereof. 
     Diphenols suitable for producing the polycarbonates for use in accordance with the invention are for example hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenyl, bis(hydroxyphenyl)alkanes, bis(hydroxyphenyl)cycloalkanes, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfides, bis(hydroxyphenyl) ethers, bis(hydroxyphenyl) ketones, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides, α,α′-bis(hydroxyphenyl)diisopropylbenzenes and the alkylated, ring-alkylated and ring-halogenated compounds thereof. 
     Preferred diphenols are 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylpropane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylethane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutane, 1,3-bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propyl]benzene (bisphenol M), 2,2-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, 2,4-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutane, 1,3-bis[2-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propyl]benzene and 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (bisphenol TMC). 
     Particularly preferred diphenols are 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylethane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A), 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane and 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (bisphenol TMC). 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A) is especially preferred. 
     These and further suitable diphenols are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,999,835 A, 3 148 172 A, 2 991 273 A, 3 271 367 A, 4 982 014 A and 2 999 846 A, in German published specifications 1 570 703 A, 2 063 050 A, 2 036 052 A, 2 211 956 A and 3 832 396 A, in French patent specification 1 561 518 A1, in the monograph “H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Interscience Publishers, New York 1964, p. 28 ff; p. 102 ff.”, and in “D. G. Legrand, J. T. Bendier, Handbook of Polycarbonate Science and Technology, Marcel Dekker New York 2000, p. 72ff.”. 
     In the case of the homopolycarbonates, only one diphenol is used; in the case of copolycarbonates, two or more diphenols are used. The diphenols employed, similarly to all other chemicals and assistants added to the synthesis, may be contaminated with the contaminants from their own synthesis, handling and storage. However, it is desirable to use raw materials of the highest possible purity. 
     The monofunctional chain terminators required for molecular-weight regulation, for example phenols or alkylphenols, in particular phenol, p-tert-butylphenol, isooctylphenol, cumylphenol, chlorocarbonic esters thereof or acyl chlorides of monocarboxylic acids or mixtures of these chain terminators, are either supplied to the reaction with the bisphenolate(s) or else are added at any desired juncture in the synthesis provided that phosgene or chlorocarbonic acid end groups are still present in the reaction mixture or, in the case of acyl chlorides and chlorocarbonic esters as chain terminators, as long as sufficient phenolic end groups of the resulting polymer are available. However, it is preferable when the chain terminator(s) is/are added after the phosgenation at a location or at a juncture at which phosgene is no longer present but the catalyst has not yet been added or when they are added before the catalyst or together or in parallel with the catalyst. 
     Any branching agents or branching agent mixtures to be used are added to the synthesis in the same way, but typically before the chain terminators. Typically, trisphenols, quaterphenols or acid chlorides of tri- or tetracarboxylic acids are used, or else mixtures of the polyphenols or the acid chlorides. 
     Some of the compounds having three or more than three phenolic hydroxyl groups that are usable as branching agents are, for example, phloroglucinol, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri(4-hydroxyphenyl)hept-2-ene, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane, 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzene, 1,1,1-tri(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylmethane, 2,2-bis[4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexyl]propane, 2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenylisopropyl)phenol, tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane. 
     Some of the other trifunctional compounds are 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, trimesic acid, cyanuric chloride and 3,3-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole. 
     Preferred branching agents are 3,3-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole and 1,1,1-tri(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane. 
     The amount of branching agents for optional use is from 0.05 mol % to 2 mol %, in turn based on moles of diphenols used in each case. 
     The branching agents can either be initially charged with the diphenols and the chain terminators in the aqueous alkaline phase or added dissolved in an organic solvent before the phosgenation. 
     All of these measures for producing polycarbonates are familiar to those skilled in the art. 
     Aromatic dicarboxylic acids suitable for the production of the polyestercarbonates are, for example, orthophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, tert-butylisophthalic acid, 3,3′-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid, 3,4′-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diphenyl sulfone dicarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)propane, trimethyl-3-phenylindane-4,5′-dicarboxylic acid. 
     Among the aromatic dicarboxylic acids, particular preference is given to using terephthalic acid and/or isophthalic acid. 
     Derivatives of dicarboxylic acids include dicarbonyl dihalides and dialkyl dicarboxylates, in particular dicarbonyl dichlorides and dimethyl dicarboxylates. 
     Replacement of the carbonate groups by the aromatic dicarboxylic ester groups proceeds essentially stoichiometrically and also quantitatively and the molar ratio of the reaction partners is therefore also reflected in the final polyestercarbonate. The aromatic dicarboxylic ester groups can be incorporated either randomly or blockwise. 
     Preferred modes of production of the polycarbonates, including the polyestercarbonates, to be used according to the invention are the known interfacial process and the known melt transesterification process (cf. e.g. WO 2004/063249 A1, WO 2001/05866 A1, WO 2000/105867, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,340,905 A, 5,097,002 A, 5,717,057 A). 
     In the former case the acid derivatives used are preferably phosgene and optionally dicarbonyl dichlorides; in the latter case preferably diphenyl carbonate and optionally dicarboxylic diesters. Catalysts, solvents, workup, reaction conditions, etc. for polycarbonate production/polyestercarbonate production are in both cases sufficiently described and known. 
     In a preferred embodiment only aromatic polycarbonate is used as component A, most preferably an aromatic polycarbonate comprising bisphenol A as the diphenol unit. 
     Component B Employed as component B are ethylene-α-olefin copolymers or terpolymers having grafted-on anhydride groups. In the context of this patent application the component B is also referred to as ethylene-α-olefin copolymer or terpolymer functionalized with anhydride groups. 
     The anhydride is preferably selected from the group comprising maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, fumaric anhydride and itaconic anhydride and mixtures thereof. A particularly preferred anhydride is maleic anhydride. 
     In addition to ethylene the copolymers or terpolymers preferably comprise the comonomers (α-olefin) 1-propene, 1-butene, 1-isobutene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene or mixtures thereof. 
     Employed in particular is a copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene. 
     The olefinic copolymers can be produced as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,272,236 A and 5,278,272 A. Grafting with anhydride groups is described in US 323691 A for example. 
     The α-olefin comonomer content is preferably 2 to 40 mol %, more preferably 5 to 35 mol % and particularly preferably 10 to 25 mol %, in each case based on the sum of ethylene and the comonomer or comonomers. 
     The ethylene-α-olefin copolymers or terpolymers described are preferably random copolymers. 
     The copolymers or terpolymers having grafted-on anhydride groups may be subjected to incipient crosslinking as described in WO 98/02489 in order to optimize elastomeric properties. 
     The proportions of ethylene and of the comonomers may be determined by  1 H and  13 C NMR spectroscopy in trichloroethane as solvent. 
     The anhydride-modified polymer is preferably characterized by the following composition: B(1) 90.0% to 99.99% by weight, more preferably 97.0% to 99.9% by weight, particularly preferably 99.0% to 99.8% by weight, of copolymer or terpolymer, B(2) 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, more preferably 0.1% to 3.0% by weight, particularly preferably 0.2% to 1.0% by weight, of anhydride. 
     In a preferred embodiment the main chain of the component B consists of a random copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene units. 
     The anhydride-modified copolymer or terpolymer has a weight-average molecular weight Mw of more than 50000 to 500000 g/mol, preferably 100000 to 400000 g/mol and particularly preferably of 150000 to 350000 g/mol, in each case determined by HT-GPC (high-temperature gel permeation chromatography) using ortho-dichlorobenzene as solvent against polystyrene standards. 
     The glass transition temperature of the preferred products is not more than −50° C. The glass transition temperature is determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to the standard DIN EN 61006 (2004 version) at a heating rate of 10 K/min, T g  being defined as the mid-point temperature (tangent method). 
     Component C 
     The composition contains as component C glass fibres. 
     Glass fibres may be used in the form of endless fibres (rovings), long glass fibres and chopped glass fibres. It is preferable to employ chopped glass fibres. 
     The glass fibres are produced from M-, E,- A-, S-, R- or C-glass, wherein E-glass or C-glass are more preferred. 
     The diameter of the fibres is preferably 5 to 25 μm, more preferably 6 to 20 μm, particularly preferably 7 to 17 μm. 
     Before compounding the chopped glass fibres preferably have a length of 0.5 to 10 mm, more preferably of 1 to 8 mm, most preferably of 3 mm to 6 mm. 
     The glass fibres may have different cross-sections. Round, elliptical, oval, octagonal and flat cross-sections are preferred and round and oval cross-sections are particularly preferred. 
     In a preferred embodiment the glass fibres have a size on the surface. Employed here are for example sizes based on epoxides, polyurethanes, silanes and mixtures of these sizes. 
     The glass fibres used have the feature that the choice of the fibre is not limited by the interaction characteristics of the fibre with the polycarbonate matrix. 
     Component D 
     The composition may contain as component D one or more further additives preferably selected from the group consisting of flame retardants (for example organic phosphorus or halogen compounds, in particular bisphenol-A-based oligophosphate), anti-drip agents (for example compounds from the substance classes of fluorinated polyolefins, silicones, and also aramid fibres), flame retardant synergists (for example nanoscale metal oxides), smoke inhibitors (for example zinc borate), lubricants and demoulding agents (for example pentaerythritol tetrastearate), nucleating agents, antistats, conductivity additives, stabilizers (e.g. hydrolysis, heat-ageing and UV stabilizers, and also transesterification inhibitors and acid/base quenchers), flow promoters, compatibilizers, further polymeric constituents (for example polyesters, vinyl (co)polymers or functional blend partners), fillers and reinforcers distinct from component C (for example carbon fibres, talc, mica, kaolin, CaCO 3 ) and also dyes and pigments (for example titanium dioxide or iron oxide). 
     In a preferred embodiment the composition is free from flame retardants, anti-drip agents, flame retardant synergists and smoke inhibitors. 
     In a preferred embodiment the composition contains at least one polymer additive selected from the group consisting of lubricants and demoulding agents, stabilizers, flow promoters, compatibilizers, other polymeric constituents, dyes and pigments. 
     In a preferred embodiment the composition contains pentaerythritol tetrastearate as a demoulding agent. 
     In a preferred embodiment the composition contains as a stabilizer at least one representative selected from the group consisting of sterically hindered phenols, organic phosphites, sulfur-based co-stabilizers and organic and inorganic Brønsted acids. 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment the composition contains as a stabilizer at least one representative selected from the group consisting of octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite. 
     In an especially preferred embodiment the composition contains as a stabilizer a combination of octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite. 
     Particularly preferred compositions contain pentaerythritol tetrastearate as a demoulding agent, at least one representative selected from the group consisting of octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite and optionally a Brønsted acid as a stabilizer. 
     Production of the Moulding Materials and Moulded Articles 
     The compositions according to the invention can be used to produce thermoplastic moulding materials. 
     The thermoplastic moulding materials according to the invention may be produced for example by mixing the respective constituents of the compositions and melt compounding and melt extruding the resulting mixture at temperatures of preferably 200° C. to 320° C., particularly preferably at 240° C. to 300° C., in customary apparatuses such as for example internal kneaders, extruders and twin-shaft screw systems in a known manner. In the context of this application, this process is generally referred to as compounding. 
     In this process at least the component A is melted, all of the constituents of the composition are dispersed and/or dissolved in one another and in a further step the resultant melt is resolidified by cooling and optionally pelletized. The steps of solidification and pelletization may be performed in any desired sequence relative to one another. 
     The term moulding material is thus to be understood as meaning the product obtained when the constituents of the composition are melt-compounded and melt-extruded. 
     The mixing of the individual constituents of the compositions may be carried out in a known manner, either successively or simultaneously, and either at about 20° C. (room temperature) or at a higher temperature. It is therefore possible for example for some of the constituents to be added via the main intake of an extruder and for the remaining constituents to be supplied later in the compounding process via an ancillary extruder. 
     It may in particular be advantageous to add the glass fibres via an ancillary extruder. 
     The invention also provides a process for producing the moulding materials according to the invention. 
     The moulding materials according to the invention may be used to produce moulded articles of any kind. These may be produced by injection moulding, extrusion and blow-moulding processes for example. A further form of processing is the production of moulded articles by deep drawing from previously produced sheets or films. 
     The constituents of the compositions may also be metered into an injection moulding machine or into an extrusion unit and processed into moulded articles directly. 
     Examples of such moulded articles that can be produced from the compositions and moulding materials according to the invention are films, profiles, housing parts of any type, for example for domestic appliances such as juice presses, coffee machines, mixers; for office machinery such as monitors, flatscreens, notebooks, printers, copiers; sheets, pipes, electrical installation ducts, windows, doors and other profiles for the construction sector (internal fitout and external applications), and also electrical and electronic components such as switches, plugs and sockets, and component parts for commercial vehicles, in particular for the automotive sector. The compositions and moulding materials according to the invention are also suitable for production of the following moulded articles or mouldings: internal fitout parts for rail vehicles, ships, aircraft, buses and other motor vehicles, bodywork components for motor vehicles, housings of electrical equipment containing small transformers, housings for equipment for the processing and transmission of information, housings and facings for medical equipment, massage equipment and housings therefor, toy vehicles for children, sheetlike wall elements, housings for safety equipment, thermally insulated transport containers, moulded parts for sanitation and bath equipment, protective grilles for ventilation openings and housings for garden equipment. 
     Further embodiments 1 to 30 of the present invention are described hereinbelow: 
     1. Composition for producing a thermoplastic moulding material, wherein the composition contains or consists of the following constituents: 
     A) at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of aromatic polycarbonate and aromatic polyestercarbonate, 
     B) at least one anhydride-functionalized ethylene-α-olefin copolymer or ethylene-α-olefin terpolymer having a weight-average molecular weight Mw of 50000 to 500000 g/mol determined by high-temperature gel permeation chromatography using ortho-dichlorobenzene as solvent against polystyrene standards, 
     C) glass fibres. 
     2. Composition according to embodiment 1, wherein the component B comprises 2 to 40 mol % of α-olefin units and 60 to 98 mol % of ethylene units based on the sum of α-olefin and ethylene. 
     3. Composition according to embodiment 1, wherein the component B comprises 5 to 35 mol % of α-olefin units and 65 to 95 mol % of ethylene units based on the sum of α-olefin and ethylene. 
     4. Composition according to embodiment 1, wherein the component B comprises 10 to 25 mol % of α-olefin units and 75 to 90 mol % of ethylene units based on the sum of α-olefin and ethylene. 
     5. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component B has a content of anhydride of 0.01% to 10.0% by weight. 
     6. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component B has a content of anhydride of 0.1% to 3.0% by weight. 
     7. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component B has a content of anhydride of 0.2% to 1.0% by weight. 
     8. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component B is a maleic anhydride-functionalized copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene. 
     9. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component B has a weight-average molecular weight Mw of 100 000 to 400 000 g/mol. 
     10. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component B has a weight-average molecular weight Mw of 150 000 to 350 000 g/mol. 
     11. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component A consists solely of aromatic polycarbonate. 
     12. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component C is selected from the group consisting of endless fibres, long glass fibres and chopped glass fibres. 
     13. Composition according to embodiment 12, wherein the component C is a chopped glass fibre. 
     14. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component C comprises at least one size selected from the group consisting of epoxy size, polyurethane size and siloxane size. 
     15. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component C has a diameter of 5 μm to 25 μm. 
     16. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component C has a diameter of 6 μm to 20 μm. 
     17. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component C has a diameter of 7 μm to 17 μm. 
     18. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments 1 to 11 and 13 to 17, wherein the component C has a length before compounding of 0.5 to 10 mm. 
     19. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments 1 to 11 and 13 to 18, wherein the component C has a length before compounding of 1 to 8 mm. 
     20. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments 1 to 11 and 13 to 19, wherein the component C has a length before compounding of 3 to 6 mm. 
     21. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, containing or consisting of 
     40% to 98.9% by weight of the component A, 
     0.1% to 10% by weight of the component B, 
     1% to 40% by weight of the component C, 
     0% to 20% by weight of further polymeric constituents and/or polymer additives as component D. 
     22. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, containing or consisting of 
     50% to 90% by weight of the component A, 
     0.5% to 9% by weight of the component B, 
     5% to 35% by weight of the component C, 
     0.1% to 15% by weight of further polymeric constituents and/or polymer additives as component D. 
     23. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, containing or consisting of 
     60% to 85% by weight of the component A, 
     1% to 8% by weight of the component B, 
     10% to 25% by weight of the component C, 
     0.2% to 10% by weight of further polymeric constituents and/or polymer additives as component D. 
     24. Composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the component D comprises at least one stabilizer selected from the group of phenolic antioxidants and phosphites. 
     25. Process for producing moulding materials, containing the steps (i), (ii) and optionally (iii), wherein in a first step (i)
         a composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 24   is heated by introduction of thermal and/or mechanical energy, at least the component A) is thus melted and all employed components are dispersed and/or dissolved in one another   and   in a further step (ii)   the melt resulting from process step (i) is (ii) resolidified by cooling   and (iii) optionally pelletized,   wherein the process steps (ii) and (iii) may be performed in any desired sequence relative to one another.       

     26. Process according to embodiment 25, wherein the step (i) is performed at a temperature of 200° C. to 320° C. 
     27. Process according to embodiment 25, wherein the step (i) is performed at a temperature of 240° C. to 300° C. 
     28. Moulding material obtained or obtainable by a process according to any of embodiments 25 to 27. 
     29. Use of a composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 24 or of a moulding material according to embodiment 28 for producing moulded articles. 
     30. Moulded article obtainable from a composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 24 or from a moulding material according to embodiment 28. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 
     Components Employed 
     Component A: 
     A1: Linear polycarbonate based on bisphenol A having a weight-average molecular weight M w  of 28000 g/mol determined by gel permeation chromatography in methylene chloride with a polycarbonate standard. 
     Component B: 
     B1: Maleic anhydride (MAH)-functionalized ethylene-1-octene copolymer having an MAH content of 0.8% by weight and a ratio of ethylene to 1-octene of 87 mol % to 13 mol % and a weight-average molecular weight M w  of 200 000 g/mol Paraloid™ EXL 3808 D (from Dow Chemical). 
     B2: Maleic anhydride (MAH)-functionalized ethylene-1-octene copolymer having an MAH content of 0.4% by weight and a ratio of ethylene to 1-octene of 83 mol % to 17 mol % and a weight-average molecular weight M w  of 322 000 g/mol Paraloid™ EXL 3815 (from Dow Chemical). 
     B3 (comparison): Kane ACE™ M732, impact modifier having a core-shell structure and a butadiene rubber as the core (from Kaneka). 
     B4 (comparison): Metablen™ 52001, impact modifier having a core-shell structure and a silicone-acrylate composite rubber as the core (from Mitsubishi Rayon). 
     B5 (comparison): Paraloid™ EXL 2300, impact modifier having a core-shell structure and an acrylate rubber as the core (from Dow Chemical). 
     B6 (comparison): ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer having a methyl acrylate proportion of 20% by weight and a melt flow rate of 8 g/10 min determined at 190° C. and 2.16 kg and also a weight-average molecular weight M w  of 177.000 g/mol, Elvaloy™ AC 1820 (from DuPont). 
     B7 (comparison): Ethylene-propylene-octene-maleic anhydride copolymer having an ethylene: propylene: octene ratio in % by weight of 87:6:7 (corresponds to 94:4:2 in mol %), CAS No. 31069-12-2, having a molecular weight Mw of 5000 g/mol determined by GPC with a polystyrene standard and a maleic anhydride proportion of 4.4% by weight, HiWax™ 1105 A (from Mitsui Chemicals). 
     Component C: 
     C1: CS 7968, chopped short glass fibres having a size composed of an epoxy resin based on bisphenol A from Lanxess AG having an average fibre diameter of 11 μm and an average fibre length of 4.5 mm. 
     C2: CS 7942, chopped short glass fibres having a polyurethane size from Lanxess AG having an average fibre diameter of 14 μm and an average fibre length of 4.5 mm. 
     Component D: 
     D1: Heat stabilizer, Irganox™ B900 (mixture of 80% Irgafos™ 168 (tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite) and 20% Irganox™ 1076 (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(octadecanoxycarbonylethyl)phenol); BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). 
     D2: Demoulding agent pentaerythritol tetrastearate. 
     Production and Testing of the Moulding Materials According to the Invention 
     The mixing of the components was carried out in a Werner &amp; Pfleiderer ZSK-25 twin-screw extruder at a melt temperature of 300° C. 
     The moulded articles were produced at a melt temperature of 300° C. and a mould temperature of 80° C. in an Arburg 270 E injection moulding machine. 
     MVR is determined according to ISO 1133 (2012 version) at 300° C. using a loading of 1.2 kg and a melting time of 5 minutes. 
     The melt viscosities were determined according to ISO 11443 (2014 version) at 280° C. at a shear rate of 1000 s −1 . 
     The breaking elongation and the nominal breaking elongation were determined at room temperature according to ISO 527 (1996 version). 
     Used as a further measure of ductility in the practice-relevant impact/crash test was the behaviour in the multiaxial penetration test. The penetration test was performed at 23° C. based on ISO 6603-2 (2000 version; “based on” means that no visual check of the test specimens was performed) using test specimens having dimensions of 60 mm×60 mm×2 mm. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Compositions and properties thereof 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Component (% by wt.) 
                 1 
                 2 
                 V3 
                 V4 
                 V5 
                 V6 
                 V7 
                 V8 
                 9 
                 V10 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 A1 
                   
                 74.35 
                 74.35 
                 74.35 
                 74.35 
                 74.35 
                 74.35 
                 74.35 
                 74.35 
                 74.35 
                 74.35 
               
               
                 B1 
                   
                 5.00 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5.00 
               
               
                 B2 
                   
                   
                 5.00 
               
               
                 B3 
                   
                   
                   
                 5.00 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5.00 
               
               
                 B4 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5.00 
               
               
                 B5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5.00 
               
               
                 B6 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5.00 
               
               
                 B7 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5.00 
                   
                   
                 5.00 
               
               
                 C1 
                   
                 20.00 
                 20.00 
                 20.00 
                 20.00 
                 20.00 
                 20.00 
                 20.00 
               
               
                 C2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 20.00 
                 20.00 
                 20.00 
               
               
                 D1 
                   
                 0.25 
                 0.25 
                 0.25 
                 0.25 
                 0.25 
                 0.25 
                 0.25 
                 0.25 
                 0.25 
                 0.25 
               
               
                 D2 
                   
                 0.40 
                 0.40 
                 0.40 
                 0.40 
                 0.40 
                 0.40 
                 0.40 
                 0.40 
                 0.40 
                 0.40 
               
               
                 Properties 
                 Unit 
               
               
                 Penetration (23° C.) 
               
               
                 Maximum force 
                 N 
                 2018 
                 2007 
                 1415 
                 974 
                 1094 
                 1103 
                 959 
                 886 
                 1881 
                 978 
               
               
                 Tensile test (23° C.) 
               
               
                 Breaking elongation 
                 % 
                 12.4 
                 14.5 
                 3.1 
                 2.8 
                 3.0 
                 3.4 
                 3.3 
                 2.6 
                 12.6 
                 4.6 
               
               
                 Nominal breaking elongation 
                 % 
                 7.3 
                 8.3 
                 3.3 
                 3.1 
                 3.5 
                 3.4 
                 3.0 
                 2.8 
                 7.4 
                 3.9 
               
               
                 Melt viscosity (280° C.) 
                 Pa · s at 1000 s −1   
                 362 
                 357 
                 532 
                   
                   
                 364 
                   
                 505 
                 334 
               
               
                 MVR (1.2 kg - 5 min, 300° C.) 
                 cm3/[10 min] 
                 3.9 
                 3.6 
                 3.4 
                 3.1 
                 3.7 
                 4.5 
                 2.8 
                 3.8 
                 4.0 
                 4.4 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The data from table 1 show that the compositions 1, 2 and 9 according to the invention containing the components B1 and B2 can be used to produce moulding materials having good melt flowability (high MVR value and low melt viscosity) and moulded articles having good toughness in penetration tests and in tensile tests. When graft polymers having a core-shell structure are employed (B3, B4 and B5) instead of the inventive component B1/B2, the melt viscosity is high while at the same time the toughness properties are not good. 
     When using the elastic components B6 and B7 the toughness properties maximum force in penetration test, breaking elongation and nominal breaking elongation are likewise not at the desired level. 
     The advantage of using the inventive anhydride-functionalized ethylene-α-olefin-copolymer or ethylene-α-olefin terpolymers is apparent irrespective of the glass fibre employed.