Patent Publication Number: US-2016231917-A1

Title: Display apparatus and display method

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0020289, filed on Feb. 10, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     Methods and apparatuses consistent with exemplary embodiments relate to a display apparatus and a display method, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for displaying at least one item representing digital content. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     A display apparatus is capable of displaying images. Users may watch broadcast programs using a display apparatus. A display apparatus displays a broadcast program corresponding to a broadcast signal selected by a user from among many broadcast signals transmitted from broadcasting stations. The technological shift from analog to digital is one of recent trends in broadcasting. 
     Digital broadcasting mostly involves transmitting a digital image signal and a voice signal. Digital broadcasting offers many advantages over analog broadcasting, such as robustness against noise, low data loss, ease of error correction, and clear, high-definition images. Also, digital broadcasting enables interactive services, which are not provided by analog broadcasting. 
     Recently smart TVs have digital broadcasting functions and provide a variety of digital contents. As smart TVs have various smart functions and provide various services, a variety of content information is also provided by smart TVs. Smart TV developers try to determine the best way in which each content is shown and various contents are arranged. For example, some smart TVs use various animation effects when providing the contents to users. Further, smart functions for assisting handicapped viewers are increasingly developed to provide additional information for the disabled. 
     SUMMARY 
     Methods and apparatuses consistent with exemplary embodiments relate to a display apparatus and a display method for effectively providing text information about contents to users, especially to users with low vision. 
     Various aspects of the exemplary embodiments will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented exemplary embodiments. 
     According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a display apparatus including a display configured to display one or more items, each of the one or more items comprising text; and a controller configured to transform text of an item among the one or more items and display the transformed text in the item on the display, in response to receiving an input selecting the item displayed on the display. 
     The controller may be further configured to transform the text by performing at least one of enlarging the text, changing a color of the text, changing a transparency of the text, changing a background color of the text, changing a font of the text, and changing an outline of the text. 
     The controller may be further configured to display the transformed text in the item without changing a layout of the item. 
     Each of the one or more items may further include an image. 
     The controller may be further configured to transform the item by enlarging the text of the item and reducing a size of the image. 
     The controller may be further configured to display the transformed text without the image. 
     The controller may be further configured to overlay a part or all of the transformed text on the image. 
     The controller may be further configured to display only a part of the transformed text in the item when a size of the item may be smaller than a size required to display the entire transformed text, and scroll the transformed text to display a remaining part of the transformed text in the item in response to a scrolling input on the item. 
     According to another aspect of an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a display method including: displaying one or more items, each of the one or more items comprising text; and transforming text of an item among the one or more items and displaying the transformed text in the item, in response to receiving an input selecting the item. 
     The transforming of the text may include at least one of enlarging the text, changing a color of the text, changing a transparency of the text, changing a background color of the text, changing a font of the text, and changing an outline of the text. 
     The displaying the transformed text in the item may include maintaining a layout of the item. 
     Each of the one or more items may further include an image. 
     According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a display apparatus including: a memory configured to store a computer program; a processor configured to control the display apparatus by executing the computer program, wherein the computer program comprises instructions to implement operations of a method of displaying an item on the display apparatus, the method comprising: displaying the item, the item comprising at least one of text and an image; transforming at least one of the text and the image of the item according to a user input; and displaying the transformed item, wherein a size of the item is equal to a size of the transformed item. 
     The item may include the image, and the transforming may include: extracting text from the image of the item; and transforming the item to display the extracted text. 
     The transforming may include: extracting a region of the image comprising text; enlarging the region; and transforming the item to display the enlarged region. 
     The item may include the text, and wherein the transforming may include transforming the text by at least one of enlarging the text, changing a color of the text, changing a transparency of the text, changing a background color of the text, changing a font of the text, and changing an outline of the text. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the exemplary embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1A  illustrates a screen of a display apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 1B  illustrates a structure of an item according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 1C  illustrates a structure of an item according to another exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of the display apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a display apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a control apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a display method according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIGS. 6A through 6C  illustrate screens displayed according to a display method according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIGS. 7A through 7I  illustrate a method of transforming text included in a focused item, according to an exemplary embodiment; and 
         FIGS. 8A through 8C  illustrate a method of navigating and executing items, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     Exemplary embodiments will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. A method of configuring and using an electronic apparatus according to exemplary embodiments will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same components or elements that perform the same functions. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     When a key provided on a control apparatus is selected, it may mean that the key is pressed, touched, dragged, or activated. 
     The term ‘content’ used herein may include, but is not limited to, a video, an image, text, or a web document. 
     A portion of a display of a display apparatus on which actual content is output may be referred to as a screen. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing exemplary embodiments and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes”, and/or “including” used herein specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. 
       FIG. 1A  shows a screen of a display apparatus  100  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1A , the display apparatus  100  may communicate with a control apparatus  200  in a wired or wireless manner. For example, the control apparatus  200  may control the display apparatus  100  using short-range communication such as Infrared communication, Bluetooth communication, etc. A communication protocol for the communication between the display apparatus  100  and the control apparatus  200 , such as infrared (IR), is not limited to a specific one. A user may use the control apparatus  200  to control a function of the display apparatus  100  using at least one of a key (i.e., a button), a touchpad, a microphone that may receive the user&#39;s voice, and a sensor that may recognize a motion  201  of the control apparatus  200 . 
     The control apparatus  200  may include a power on/off button for turning on or off the display apparatus  100 . A function of the display apparatus  100  controlled by the control apparatus  200  may be: to change a channel of the display apparatus  100 , adjust a volume, select terrestrial broadcast, cable broadcast, or satellite broadcast, or set a configuration in response to a user&#39;s input. 
     The term ‘user’ refers to a person who controls a function or an operation of the display apparatus  100  using the control apparatus  200 . Examples of the user may include, but is not limited to, a viewer, a manager, and an installer. 
     The display apparatus  100  may show at least one item on a display  115 . 
     An “item” refers to a visual object displayed on display apparatus  100  to represent corresponding content, such as an icon, thumbnail, etc. For example, an item may represent an image content such as a movie or a drama, an audio content such as music, an application, a broadcast channel, and/or history information of content accessed by the user. 
     A plurality of items may be displayed as images. For example, when an item represents a movie or a drama, the item may be displayed as a movie poster or a drama poster. If an item represents music, the item may be displayed as a music album poster. If an item represents an application, the item may be displayed as an image of the application or a screen shot of the application captured when the application was executed most recently. If an item represents a broadcast channel, the item may be displayed as a screen shot of the broadcast channel captured when the broadcast channel was last viewed by the user or an image of a program that is being currently broadcast on the channel. If an item represents history information of content accessed by the user, the item may be displayed as an image of a screen that was executed most recently. 
     Also, an item may represent an interface through which the display apparatus  100  and an external apparatus are connected to each other, or may represent the external apparatus connected to the display apparatus  100 . For example, an item may represent a specific port of the image display apparatus  100 , through which the external apparatus is connected. Examples of a port represented by an item may include, but are not limited to, a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) port, a component jack, a PC port, and a universal serial bus (USB) port. Also, an item representing an external apparatus may represent an external apparatus connected to the external interface. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1A , the display apparatus  100  may display a plurality of items, e.g., an item  1  through an item  9 , on the display  115 . The items may or may not have the same size. In this exemplary embodiment, the items have different sizes, as shown in  FIG. 1A . 
     An item may include text. In  FIG. 1A , each of the items displayed on the display  115  includes text. Sizes of text included in the items may be the same or different from one another. 
     The display apparatus  100  may control the items using a cursor  20  that moves through the items according to a user&#39;s input on the control apparatus  200 . In other words, the control apparatus  200  may function as a pointing device that controls the cursor  20 . The display apparatus  100  may control the items using a focus object  10  to select one or more items among all the items displayed on the display  115  according to a user&#39;s input on the control apparatus  200 . The user may move the focus object  10  using a direction key that is provided on the control apparatus  200 . 
     A “focus object” refers to an object that moves through the items according to a user input. The focus object may be used to select one or more items among the entire displayed items, and may be implemented in various manners. For example, the focus object  10  may be implemented by drawing a thick line around the focused item, as shown in  FIG. 1A . The focus object may be implemented in the form of a cursor  20 . 
     Alternatively, the focus object itself may be invisible. In this case, the user may recognize a location of the focus object based on text of the focused item, which is distinctly transformed when the item is focused. More detailed explanation about transforming text of items will be provided below with reference to  FIGS. 6A through 8B . 
     Referring to  FIG. 1A , when the user positions the focus object  10  on a specific item by manipulating the control apparatus  200 , the display apparatus  100  may transform and output text included in the specific item, i.e., the focused item, without changing the layout of the displayed items. In  FIG. 1A , as the focus is placed over the “item  7 ,” a size of text of the item  7  increases. In an exemplary embodiment, the display apparatus  100  may transform the focused item differently. For example, the display apparatus  100  may change a size, a color, a transparency, an outline, and/or a font of text included in the focused item. 
       FIG. 1B  illustrates a structure of an item  30  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1B , the item  30  representing the content may include a text area  31  for displaying text that describes the content and an image area for displaying a thumbnail image of the content. 
     As such, when the item  30  including the text area  31  and the image area  32  is focused, the display apparatus  100  may transform the item  30  by transforming the text area  31  and/or the text itself in the text area  31 . The image area  32  may not be transformed. As shown in  FIG. 1B , the display apparatus  100  may expand the text area  31  when the item  30  is focused. In an exemplary embodiment, the display apparatus  100  may transform the text in various ways. For example, the display apparatus  100  may change a size, a color, a style, and/or a font of the text. 
       FIG. 1C  illustrates a structure of an item  40  according to another exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1C , the item  40  includes an image  41 , e.g., a thumbnail, representing the content, and the image  41  includes text  42 . 
     When the item  40  is focused, the display apparatus  100  may extract the text  42  from the image  41 , transform the extracted text  42 , combine the transformed text  43  and the image  41 , and output the transformed item  44 . Specifically, the extracted text may be transformed by changing a style of the text. The style may include, but is not limited to, a font, a size, a text color, and a background color. 
     Alternatively, only the extracted text may be displayed without the image  41 . 
     Since a layout of the focused item is not changed and only text included in the focused item is transformed, the user may view all of the displayed items without obstruction. Further, since the text included in the focused item is enlarged, a user, especially a user having restricted vision, may easily recognize the text of the focused item. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of the display apparatus  100  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , the display apparatus  100  may include a display  115 , a controller  180 , and a detector  160 . 
     The display  115  displays at least one item. Each of the at least one item may include text describing corresponding content and/or an image for visually representing the content. The image for visually representing the content may be a thumbnail image. 
     The detector  160  may detect an input to the control apparatus  200  for controlling the at least one item displayed on the display  115 . The input for controlling the at least one item may be generated using a pointing device, a touch input interface such as a touch panel or a touch pad, and/or a direction key of the control apparatus  200 . 
     The controller  180  may select, i.e., focus, an item based on the detected input. Specifically, the controller  180  may receive from the detector  160  a signal corresponding to a pointing position of the control apparatus  200  or a signal corresponding to an input of a direction key of the control apparatus  200 , transform the selected item, i.e., focused item, and display the focused item on the display  115 . 
       FIG. 3  is a detailed block diagram of the display apparatus  100  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the display apparatus  100  may include a video processor  110 , a display  115 , an audio processor  120 , an audio output interface  125 , a power supply  130 , a tuner  140 , a communicator  150 , a detector  160 , an input/output interface  170 , a controller  180 , and a storage  190 . 
     The video processor  110  may process video data received by the display apparatus  100 . The video processor  110  may perform various image processing such as decoding, scaling, noise filtering, frame rate conversion, or resolution conversion on the video data. 
     The display  115  may display a video included in a broadcast signal received through the tuner  140  under control of the controller  180 . Also, the display  115  may display content (e.g., a moving image) input through the communicator  150  or the input/output interface  170 . The display  115  may output an image stored in the storage  190  under control of the controller  180 . Also, the display  115  may display a voice user interface (UI) (including a voice command guide) for performing a voice recognition task corresponding to voice recognition or a motion UI (including a user motion guide) for performing a motion recognition task corresponding to motion recognition. 
     The display  115  according to an exemplary embodiment may display a cursor on the screen in response to an input the control apparatus  200  operating in a pointing mode, under control of the controller  180 . 
     The display  115  according to an exemplary embodiment may display a focus object on an item in response to an input to the control apparatus  200  operating in a direction key mode, under control of the controller  180 . 
     The display  115  according to an exemplary embodiment may provide a plurality of items, and at least one of the items may include text. 
     In response to an input that focuses one item among the plurality of items, the display  115  may transform and display text included in the focused item. The transformation of the text may be performed by the controller  180 . 
     The audio processor  120  may process audio data. The audio processor  120  may perform various processing such as decoding, amplification, or noise filtering on the audio data. The audio processor  120  may include a plurality of audio processing modules in order to process audios corresponding to a plurality of pieces of content. 
     The audio output interface  125  may output an audio included in a broadcast signal received through the tuner  140  under control of the controller  180 . The audio output interface  125  may output an audio (e.g., a voice or a sound) input through the communicator  150  or the input/output interface  170 . Also, the audio output interface  125  may output an audio stored in the storage  190  under control of the controller  180 . The audio output interface  125  may include at least one of a speaker  126 , a headphone output terminal  127 , and a Sony/Philips digital interface (S/PDIF) output terminal  128 . The audio output interface  125  may include a combination of the speaker  126 , the headphone output terminal  127 , and the S/PDIF output terminal  128 . 
     The power supply  130  may supply power input from an external power supply source to elements (i.e.,  110  through  190 ) of the display apparatus  100  under control of the controller  180 . Also, the power supply  130  may supply power output from one or more batteries provided in the display apparatus  100  to the elements  110  through  190  under control of the controller  180 . 
     The tuner  140  may tune to a frequency of a channel to be received by the display apparatus  100  by performing amplification, mixing, or resonance on a broadcast signal received in a wired or wireless manner. The broadcast signal may include, for example, an audio, a video, and additional information (e.g., an electronic program guide (EPG)). 
     The tuner  140  may receive a broadcast signal in a frequency band corresponding to a channel number (e.g., a cable broadcast channel  506 ) according to the user&#39;s input (e.g., a control signal received from the control apparatus  200 , for example, a channel number input, a channel up-down input, or a channel input on an EPG screen). 
     The communicator  150  may include a wireless local area network (LAN)  151 , a Bluetooth system  152 , and/or a wired Ethernet system  153  according to an exemplary embodiment. Also, the communicator  150  may include a combination of the wireless LAN  151 , the Bluetooth system  152 , and the wired Ethernet system  153 . The communicator  150  may receive a control signal from the control apparatus  200  under control of the controller  180 . The control signal may include, but is not limited to, a Bluetooth signal, a radio frequency (RF) signal, and a Wi-Fi signal. The communicator  150  may further include a short-range communication system (e.g., a near-field communication (NFC) system or a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) system. 
     The detector  160  may detect the user&#39;s voice, image, or interaction. 
     The microphone  161  may receive the user&#39;s uttered voice. The microphone  161  may convert the received voice into an electrical signal and output the electrical signal to the controller  180 . The user&#39;s voice may include, for example, a voice corresponding to a menu or a function of the display apparatus  100 . A recommended recognition range of the microphone  161  may be about 4 m between the microphone  161  and the user&#39;s position and may vary according to the user&#39;s voice tone and an ambient environment (e.g., a speaker sound or ambient noise). 
     It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the microphone  161  may be omitted according to the performance and the structure of the display apparatus  100 . 
     The camera  162  receives an image (e.g., continuous frames) corresponding to the user&#39;s motion including a gesture in a recognition range. For example, the recognition range of the camera  162  may be from about 0.1 mm to about 5 mm between the camera  162  and the user&#39;s position. The user&#39;s motion may include, for example, a motion of the user&#39;s body part or region such as the user&#39;s face, facial expression, hand, fist, or finger. The camera  162  may convert the received image into an electrical signal and may output the electrical signal to the controller  180  under control of the controller  180 . 
     The controller  180  may manage overall operations of the display apparatus  100 . The controller  180  may select a menu or an item displayed on the display apparatus  100  based on a result of motion recognition and control other elements based on the recognized motion. For example, the controller  180  may adjust a channel, adjust a volume, or move an indicator. 
     The camera  162  may include a lens and an image sensor. The camera  162  may include a plurality of lenses and perform image processing, thereby supporting optical zooming and digital zooming. A recognition range of the camera  162  may be set to vary according to an angle of a camera and an ambient environment condition. When the camera  162  includes a plurality of cameras, the camera  162  may receive three-dimensional (3D) still images or 3D moving images using the plurality of cameras. 
     It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the camera  162  may be omitted according to the performance and the structure of the display apparatus  100 . 
     The light receiver  163  receives, through a light window or the like in a bezel of the display  115 , an optical signal (including a control signal) transmitted from the control apparatus  200  that is outside the light receiver  163 . The light receiver  163  may receive an optical signal corresponding to the user&#39;s input (e.g., a touch, a push, a touch gesture, a voice, or a motion) from the control apparatus  200 . The control signal may be extracted from the received optical signal under control of the controller  180 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the light receiver  163  may receive a signal corresponding to a pointing position of the control apparatus  200  and may transmit the signal to the controller  180 . For example, when the user moves the control apparatus  200  while touching a touchpad  203  provided thereon with a finger, the light receiver  163  may receive a signal corresponding to the movement of the control apparatus  200  and may transmit the signal to the controller  180 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the light receiver  163  may receive a signal indicating that a specific button provided on the control apparatus  200  is pressed and may transmit the signal to the controller  180 . For example, when the user presses a finger on the touchpad  203  provided as a button on the control apparatus  200 , the light receiver  163  may receive a signal indicating that the touchpad  203  is pressed and may transmit the signal to the controller  180 . For example, the signal indicating that the touchpad  203  is pressed may be used to select one of items. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the light receiver  163  may receive a signal corresponding to an input of a direction key of the control apparatus  200  and may transmit the signal to the controller  180 . For example, when the user presses a direction key provided on the control apparatus  200 , the light receiver  163  may receive a signal indicating that the direction key is pressed and may transmit the signal to the controller  180 . 
     The input/output interface  170  receives a video (e.g., a moving image), an audio (e.g., a voice or music), and additional information (e.g., an EPG) from the outside of the display apparatus  100  under control of the controller  180 . The input/output interface  170  may include one of an HDMI port  171 , a component jack  172 , a PC port  173 , and a USB port  174 . Alternatively, the input/output interface  170  may include a combination of the HDMI port  171 , the component jack  172 , the PC port  173 , and the USB port  174 . 
     It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the input/output interface  170  may be configured and operate in various ways. 
     The controller  180  may control overall operations of the display apparatus  100  and signal transmission/reception between the elements  110  through  190  of the display apparatus  100 , and processes data. When the user&#39;s input occurs or a condition that is preset and stored is satisfied, the controller  180  may execute an operation system (OS) and various applications that are stored in the storage  190 . 
     The controller  180  may include a random-access memory (RAM)  181  that stores a signal or data input from the outside of the display apparatus  100  or a signal or data related to various operations performed in the display apparatus  100 , a read-only memory (ROM)  182  that stores a control program for controlling the display apparatus  100 , and a processor  183 . 
     The processor  183  may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) for performing graphics processing on a video. The processor  183  may be provided as a system-on-chip (SoC) including a core combined with a GPU. The processor  183  may include a single-core, a dual-core, a triple-core, a quad-core, or a multiple core. 
     Also, the processor  183  may include a plurality of processors. For example, the processor  183  may include a main processor and a sub-processor that operates in a sleep mode. 
     A graphic processor  184  generates a screen including various objects such as an icon, an image, and text using a calculator and a renderer. Based on user&#39;s interaction detected through the detector  160 , the calculator calculates an attribute value such as a coordinate value, a shape, a size, or a color of each object according to a layout of the screen. The renderer generates the screen having any of various layouts including the object based the attribute value calculated by the calculator. The screen generated by the renderer is displayed within a display area of the display  115 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the graphic processor  184  may generate a cursor to be displayed on the screen or a focus object which applies a visual effect to a focused item, in response to an input of the control apparatus  200 , under control of the controller  180 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the graphic processor  184  may generate a plurality of items under control of the controller  180 . Each of the plurality of items includes at least text. Each of the plurality of items may include a text area and an image area. Alternatively, each of the plurality of items may include an image including text. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the graphic processor  184  may transform text of a text area included in a focused item. The graphic processor  184  may transform the text by enlarging the text, changing a color of the text, changing a transparency of the text, changing a font of the text, or changing a background color of the text. When an item includes an image including text, the text may be recognized and extracted from the image using a text extractor, and the extracted text may be transformed. 
     First through nth interfaces  185 - 1  through  185 - n  are connected to various elements. One of the first through nth interfaces  185 - 1  through  185 - n  may be a network interface connected to an external apparatus. 
     The RAM  181 , the ROM  182 , the processor  183 , the graphic processor  184 , and the first through nth interfaces  185 - 1  through  185 - n  may be connected to one another via an internal bus  186 . 
     The term ‘controller’ of the display apparatus  100  refers collectively to the processor  183 , the ROM  182 , and the RAM  181 . 
     The controller  180  may receive pointing position information of the control apparatus  200  through at least one of the light receiver  163  that receives light output from the control apparatus  200  and a panel key provided on a side surface or a rear surface of the display apparatus  100 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the controller  180  may control the display  115  to display at least one item each including at least text. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the controller  180  may receive a detection signal from the detector  160  that receives an input that focuses one of items displayed on the display  115  or an input that moves an focus object from one item to another item using the control apparatus  200 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, in response to the detection signal received from the detector  160 , the controller  180  may control the display  115  to transform and display text included in the focused item. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the controller  180  may transform the text by performing at least one of enlarging the text, changing a color of the text, changing a transparency of the text, changing a background color of the text, changing a font of the text, and changing an outline of the text. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, when an item including an image including text is focused, the controller  180  may recognize and extract the text from the image and may transform the extracted text. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, in response to an input of the control apparatus  200  that focuses an item, the controller  180  may control the display  115  to display the focused item without changing a layout of the focused item. 
     It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the controller  180  may be configured and operate in various ways. 
     The storage  190  may store various data, programs, or applications for driving and controlling the display apparatus  100  under control of the controller  180 . The storage  190  may store signals or data that are input/output according to operations of the video processor  110 , the display  115 , the audio processor  120 , the audio output interface  125 , the power supply  130 , the tuner  140 , the communicator  150 , the detector  160 , and the input/output interface  170 . The storage  190  may store a control program for controlling the display apparatus  100  and the controller  180 , an application initially provided by a manufacturer or downloaded from the outside, a GUI related to the application, an object (e.g., an image, text, an icon, or a button) for providing the GUI, user information, a document, databases, or related data. 
     The term ‘storage’ according to an exemplary embodiment refers collectively to the storage  190 , the ROM  182 , or the RAM  181  of the controller  180 , or a memory card (e.g., a micro secure digital (SD) card or a USB memory) mounted in the display apparatus  100 . Also, the storage  190  may include a nonvolatile memory, a volatile memory, a hard disk drive (HDD), or a solid-state drive (SSD). 
     The storage  190  may include a display control module according to an exemplary embodiment. The display control module may be implemented as hardware or software in order to perform a display control function. The controller  180  may control overall operations of the display apparatus  100  via executing the instructions stored in the storage  190 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the storage  190  may store images corresponding to a plurality of items. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the storage  190  may store an image corresponding to a cursor of the control apparatus  200 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the storage  190  may store a graphic image for a focus object to apply a focus visual effect to a focused item. 
     At least one element may be added to or omitted from the elements (e.g.,  110  through  190 ) of the display apparatus  100  of  FIG. 3  according to the performance of the display apparatus  100 . Also, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that positions of the elements (e.g.,  110  through  190 ) may vary according to the performance or the structure of the display apparatus  100 . 
     According to another exemplary embodiment, a set-top box or an Internet protocol (IP) set-top box connected to the display apparatus  100  may control the display apparatus  100  to display at least one item, each including at least text, and to transform and display a focused item based on an input to the control apparatus  200 . The set-top box or the IP set-top box may include a communicator and a processor and provides a multimedia communication service by being connected to an external network. 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the control apparatus  200  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , the control apparatus  200  may include a wireless communicator  220 , a user input interface  230 , a sensor unit  240 , an output unit  250 , a power supply  260 , a storage  270 , and a controller  280 . 
     The wireless communicator  220  may communicate with the display apparatus  100 . The wireless communicator  220  may include an RF module  221  that may transmit/receive a signal to/from the display apparatus  100  according to the RF communication standard. Also, the control apparatus  200  may include an infrared (IR) module that may transmit/receive a signal to/from the display apparatus  100  according to the IR communication standard. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the control apparatus  200  may transmit a signal containing information about a movement of the control apparatus  200  to the display apparatus  100  through the RF module  221 . 
     Also, the control apparatus  200  may receive a signal transmitted from the display apparatus  100  through the RF module  221 . Also, if necessary, the control apparatus  200  may transmit a command to turn on/off power, change a channel, or change a volume to the display apparatus  100  through the IR module  223 . 
     The user input interface  230  may include a keypad, a button, a touchpad, or a touch-screen. The user may input a command related to the display apparatus  100  to the control apparatus  200  by manipulating the user input interface  230 . When the user input interface  230  includes a hard key button, the user may input a command related to the display apparatus  100  to the control apparatus  200  by pushing the hard key button. When the user input interface  230  includes a touch-screen, the user may input a command to the control apparatus  200  for controlling the display apparatus  100  by touching a soft key on the touch-screen. 
     For example, the user input interface  230  may include a multi-direction key pad, e.g., 4-direction buttons or 4-direction keys. The 4-direction buttons or the 4-direction keys may be used to control a window, an area, an application, or an item displayed on the display  115 . The 4-direction buttons or the 4-direction keys may be used to generate commands for upward, downward, leftward, and rightward movements. Also, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the user input interface  230  may include a 2-direction button or a 2-direction key, instead of the 4-direction buttons or the 4-direction keys. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the 4-direction buttons or the 4-direction keys may be used to move a focus object from one item to another item. 
     Also, the user input interface  230  may include various input units that may be manipulated by the user, such as a scroll key or a jog wheel. 
     Also, the user input interface  230  may include a touchpad, which receives the user&#39;s touch input such as dragging, tapping, and flipping. Also, the display apparatus  100  may be controlled according to a type of the received user&#39;s input (e.g., a direction in which a drag command is input or a time at which a touch command is input). 
     The sensor unit  240  may include a gyro sensor  241  or an acceleration sensor  243 . The gyro sensor  241  may sense information about a movement of the control apparatus  200 . For example, the gyro sensor  241  may sense information about an operation of the control apparatus  200  along x, y, and z-axes. The acceleration sensor  243  may sense information about a speed at which the control apparatus  200  is moved. The sensor unit  240  may further include a distance measurement sensor, and thus may sense a distance between the sensor unit  240  and the display apparatus  100 . 
     The control apparatus  200  according to an exemplary embodiment may be a pointing device including both the multi-direction keys, e.g., 4-direction keys, and the touchpad. That is, when the control apparatus  200  is a pointing device, a function of the display apparatus  100  may be controlled according to an inclination direction or an angle using the gyro sensor  241  of the control apparatus  200 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, a selection signal of the direction key may be used to move the focus object from one item to another item. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, a contact signal of the touchpad may be used to control a movement of a cursor provided on the display  115 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, a button pressure signal of the touchpad that is provided via a button may be used to select items displayed on the display  115 . 
     The output unit  250  may output an image or a voice signal in response to a manipulation of the user input interface  230  or a signal received from the display apparatus  100 . The user may determine whether the user input interface  230  is manipulated or the display apparatus  100  is controlled through the output unit  250 . 
     For example, the output unit  250  may include a light-emitting diode (LED) module  251  that is turned on, a vibration module  253  that generates vibration, a sound output module  255  that outputs a sound, or a display module  257  that outputs an image when the user input interface  230  is manipulated or a signal is transmitted/received to/from the display apparatus  100  through the wireless communicator  220 . 
     The power supply  260  supplies power to the control apparatus  200 . When the control apparatus  200  is not moved for a predetermined period of time, the power supply  260  may cut off power supply to reduce power consumption. When a predetermined key provided on the control apparatus  200  is manipulated, the power supply  260  may resume the power supply. 
     The storage  270  may store various programs and application data for controlling or operating the control apparatus  200 . 
     The controller  280  controls general operations for controlling the control apparatus  200 . The controller  280  may transmit a signal corresponding to a movement of the control apparatus  200  that is sensed by the sensor unit  240  or a signal corresponding to a manipulation of a predetermined key of the user input interface  230 , to the display apparatus  100  through the wireless communicator  220 . 
     The display apparatus  100  may include a coordinate value calculator that may calculate a coordinate value of a cursor corresponding to an operation of the control apparatus  200 . The coordinate value calculator may correct hand-shake or an error from a signal corresponding to the operation of the control apparatus  200  that is detected and may calculate a coordinate value (x, y) of the cursor to be displayed on the display  115 . Also, a transmission signal of the control apparatus  200  that is detected through the detector  130  is transmitted to the controller  180  of the display apparatus  100 . The controller  180  may distinguish information about the operation of the control apparatus  200  and a key manipulation from the signal transmitted from the control apparatus  200  and may control the display apparatus  100  according to the information. 
     Alternatively, the control apparatus  200  may calculate a coordinate value of the cursor corresponding to the operation of the control apparatus  200  and may transmit the coordinate value to the display apparatus  100 . In this case, the display apparatus  100  may transmit to the controller  182  information about the coordinate value of the cursor that is received without correcting hand-shake or an error. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the user may control a position of the cursor to be displayed on the screen of the display  115  using the direction key, the touchpad, and a pointing function of the control apparatus  200 . 
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a display method according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     In operation  510 , the display apparatus  100  displays at least one item which includes text. 
     The display apparatus  100  may provide a plurality of items as shown in, for example,  FIGS. 6A through 6C . However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that  FIGS. 6A through 6C  are exemplary and the number of items and an arrangement of the items on a screen may be different in an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6A , a plurality of items representing video clips are displayed on a screen  600  of the display  115  according to an exemplary embodiment. The items displayed on the screen  600  may have the same size, and each item  610  may include a text area  611  and an image area  612 . Sizes of the text areas  611  and the image areas  612  of the items  610  may be the same. Text that describes content represented by the item  610  may be displayed in the text area  611  and a thumbnail image that visually represents the item  610  may be displayed in the image area  612 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 6B , a plurality of items about news are displayed on a screen  620  of the display  115 . The items displayed on the screen  620  may have different sizes, and each item may include an image area  631  and a text area  632 . Sizes of the text areas  632  and the image areas  631  included in the items may be different from one another. Text that describes content represented by each item  630  may be displayed in the text area  632  and a thumbnail image that visually represents the item  630  may be displayed in the image area  631 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 6C , according to an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of items about applications are displayed on a screen  640  of the display  115 . The items displayed on the screen  640  may have the same size, and each item  650  may include a text area  652  and an image area  651 . Sizes of the text areas  652  and the image areas  651  of the items  650  may be the same and text that describes a name of each application may be displayed in the text area  652  and a thumbnail image that visually represents the application may be displayed in the image area  651 . 
     Referring back to  FIG. 5 , in operation  520 , the display apparatus  100  receives an input of the control apparatus  200  that focuses an item displayed on the display  115 . 
     An input of the control apparatus  200  may be generated by pointing at a specific item using a pointing device or moving the focus object from an item to another item using 4-direction keys. It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the input of the control apparatus may also be received via other interfaces such as a touchpad, motion recognition, voice recognition, etc. 
     An input of the control apparatus  200  for controlling an item will now be explained in more detail. The display apparatus  100  may display the cursor  20  on the display  115  in response to an input of the control apparatus  200 . As the user moves the control apparatus  200 , e.g., a pointing device, the cursor  20  displayed on the screen of the display  115  moves correspondingly to a position at which the control apparatus  200  is pointing. 
     For example, when the display apparatus  100  receives a signal indicating that the user&#39;s finger touches the touchpad provided on a central portion of the control apparatus  200 , the display apparatus  100  may initiate a pointing mode and display the cursor  20  on the display  115 . When the user moves the control apparatus  200  while the user&#39;s finger is touching the touchpad, a motion sensor (e.g., an acceleration sensor and/or a gyro sensor) provided in the control apparatus  200  may detect the movement of the control apparatus  200  and output a motion sensor value corresponding to the detected movement, and the controller  280  of the control apparatus  200  may control the wireless communicator  220  to transmit the output motion sensor value to the display apparatus  100 . The display apparatus  100  may determine a position of the cursor  20  based on the motion sensor value received from the control apparatus  200  and may display the position of the cursor  20  on the display  115 . The position of the cursor  20  may be determined by the control apparatus  200 . 
     Also, for example, a touch pad may be used to move the focus object from one item to another. Further, when the touchpad of the control apparatus  200  is physically pressed in a similar manner of pressing a general button, a switch provided under the touchpad may operate to execute a specific item. For example, a multimedia content may be reproduced if the item represents the multimedia content, an image or text may be displayed if the item represents the image or the text, and an application may be executed if the item represents the application. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the display apparatus  100  may control items displayed on the display  115  based on an input of the direction key of the control apparatus  200 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, when the direction key input  203  is detected while the display apparatus is not in a directional input mode, the display apparatus  100  may initiate the directional input mode in which a user may move the focus object using a direction key mounted on the control apparatus  200 . A focus object may be displayed on a specific item by applying a focus visual effect to the item according to a preset algorithm to indicate that the specific item is focused. For example, when an input of the direction key provided on the control apparatus  200  is received for the first time, the display apparatus  100  may apply a focus object to a first item among the items displayed on the display  115 . According to an exemplary embodiment, a focus object may be implemented by surrounding an edge of a focused item with a thick line or making a color or a transparency of a focused item different from those of other items. 
     When an input  203  of the direction key provided on the control apparatus  200  is detected while a specific item is focused, the display apparatus  100  may move the focus object from the specific item to an adjacent item corresponding to the input of the direction key and display the focused item. 
     For example, while the item  2  is focused on the display  115  of  FIG. 1A , when an input of the down direction key is received from the control apparatus  200 , the display apparatus  100  may move the focus object  10  from the item  2  to the item  7 . 
     For another example, when an input  203  of the right direction key is received from the control apparatus  200  while the item  5  is focused, the display apparatus  100  may move the focus object  10  from the item  5  to the item  7 . 
     Referring back to  FIG. 5 , in operation  530 , the display apparatus  100  may transform and display text of the focused item in response to an input of the control apparatus  200 . 
     For example, in response to the user&#39;s input  203  on the control apparatus  200 , which focuses the item  610  that is a first item displayed on the screen  600  of  FIG. 6A , the display apparatus  100  may increase a size of text included in the text area  611  by increasing a size of the text area  611  of the focused item  610 , without changing a size of the image area  612 . As a result, a part of the image area  612  may be covered by the text area  611 . In this case, since a size of the focused item  610  is not changed, other items on the screen  600  may be viewed and recognized without obstruction. Also, a focus object, i.e., a focus visual effect, may be applied to the item  610  in order to indicate that the item  610  is focused. Referring to  FIG. 6A , the focus object  613  indicates that the item  610  is focused. 
     For another example, in response to the user&#39;s input  203  that focuses the item  630 , which is a first item in a lower line of items displayed on the screen  620  of  FIG. 6B , the display apparatus  100  may increase a size of the text area  632  of the focused item  630  as shown in the right figure of  FIG. 6B  to increase a size of text included in the text area  632 . Referring to  FIG. 6B , the focus object  633  indicates that the item  630  is focused, by displaying a bold line along the edge of the focused item  630   
     For another example, in response to the user&#39;s input  203  that focuses the item  650 , which is a first item displayed on the screen  640  of  FIG. 6C , the display apparatus  100  may increase a size of the text area  652  of the focused item  650  as shown in the right figure of  FIG. 6C  to increase a size of text included in the text area  652 . Referring to  FIG. 6C , the focus object  633  indicates that the item  650  is focused, by displaying a bold line along the edge of the focused item  650 . 
       FIGS. 7A through 7I  illustrate various methods of transforming text included in a focused item, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7A , an item  710  includes a text area  711  and an image area  712 . The text area  711  includes text saying &lt;Game of Thrones Season 4 Trailer Best Scenes&gt; that describes the item  710 , and the image area  712  includes a thumbnail image that visually represents the content corresponding to the item  710 . 
     When the item  710  is focused, the text area  711  and the text saying &lt;Game of Thrones Season 4 Trailer Best Scenes&gt; included in the text area  711  may be enlarged. Due to the enlargement of the text area  711 , a part of the image area  712  may be covered by the enlarged text area  711 , so a part of the thumbnail image may not be displayed. Referring to  FIG. 7A , s2, which refers to a size of the text after the item  710  is focused, is greater than s1 which refers to a size of the text before the item  710  is focused. 
     A size to which text is enlarged may be different in exemplary embodiments. For example text may be enlarged such that users with low vision can recognize the text. 
     A focus object  713  may be applied to the item  710  in order to indicate that the item  710  is focused. For example, the focus object  713  may draw a line around the focused item  710 , as shown in the right figure of  FIG. 7A . 
     Referring to  FIG. 7B , the item  710  includes the text area  711  and the image area  712 . The text area  711  includes the text saying &lt;Game of Thrones Season 4 Trailer Best Scenes&gt; that describes the item  710 , and the image area  712  includes a thumbnail image that visually represents content about the item  710 . 
     When the item  710  is focused, i.e., when the focus object  713  is displayed on the item  710 , the text area  711  and the text saying &lt;Game of Thrones Season 4 Trailer Best Scenes&gt; included in the text area  711  may be enlarged. Due to the enlargement of the text area  711 , the whole image area  712  is covered and thus the thumbnail image is not displayed any more. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, since it is more important for users with low vision to recognize the text than the image, even though the thumbnail image of the image area  712  is covered, a size of the text may be increased by maximizing a size of the text area  711  while maintaining a size of the item  710 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 7C , when the item  710  is focused, i.e., when the focus object  713  is displayed on the item  710 , the layout of the text area  711  and the image area  712  may be maintained and only the text saying &lt;Game of Thrones Season 4 Trailer Best Scenes&gt; included in the text area  711  may be enlarged. Due to the enlargement of the text area  711 , a part of the text may be overlaid on the image area  712 . 
     As a part of the text is overlaid on the image area  712 , in order to increase the readability of the text, a thickness of the text may be increased, a color of the text may be changed, and/or a font of the text may be changed. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7D , when the item  710  is focused, i.e., when the focus object  713  is displayed on the item  710 , the layout of the text area  711  and the image area  712  may be maintained and a color and/or a transparency of the text saying &lt;Game of Thrones Season 4 Trailer Best Scenes&gt; included in the text area  711  may be changed. The readability of the text may be increased by changing the color or the transparency of the text, even without increasing a size of the text. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7E , when the item  710  is focused, i.e., when the focus object  713  is displayed on the item  710 , the layout of the text area  711  and the image area  712  may be maintained and only a background color of the text saying &lt;Game of Thrones Season 4 Trailer Best Scenes&gt; included in the text area  711  may be changed. For example, the readability of the text may be increased by using complementary colors for the text and the background, even without increasing a size of the text. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7F , when the item  710  is focused, i.e., when the focus object  713  is displayed on the item  710 , the layout of the text area  711  and the image area  712  may be maintained and only a font of the text saying &lt;Game of Thrones Season 4 Trailer Best Scenes&gt; included in the text area  711  may be changed. For example, the readability of the text may be increased by changing the font of the text, even without increasing a size of the text. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7G , when the item  710  is focused as shown in  FIG. 7B , due to enlargement of the text area  711 , the entire image area  712  may be covered by the text area  711  and thus the thumbnail image may not be displayed. If the text is enlarged such that a size of the item  710  is not enough to display the enlarged text, and a part of the text may not be displayed on the item  710 . In this case, the part of the text that is not displayed on the item  710  may be displayed through scrolling or the like of the control apparatus  200  on the item  710 . As such, since the size of the text area  711  may be greater than the size of the item  710 , a size of the text displayed on the focused item  710  may be increased without restriction. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7H , the item  710  may include only the text area  711  without an image area. When the item  710  is focused, the text included in the item  710  may be enlarged. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7I , an item  720  may include only an image  721  without text. The image  721  may be a thumbnail image including text. When the item  720  is focused, the display apparatus  100  may display the text included in the image  721 . For example, the display apparatus  100  may recognize and extract the text included in the image  721 , increase a size of the extracted text, and display the enlarged text. Alternatively, when the item  720  is focused, the display apparatus  100  may enlarge only a part of the image  721  corresponding to the extracted text and may display the part  723  instead of the entire image  721 . 
       FIGS. 8A through 8C  illustrate a method of navigating and executing items, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8A , a plurality of news items are displayed on a screen  800 . The news items have different sizes and an item  810  is currently focused. In order to indicate that the item  810  is focused, a focus object  811  is displayed on an edge of the item  810 . The focused item  810  includes an image area  812  and a text area  813 . As the item  810  is focused, the display apparatus  100  enlarges text of the text area  813  and displays the enlarged text in order to increase the readability of the text of the focused item  810 . 
     In this state, the user may move the focus object using the control apparatus  200 . For example, the user may move the focus object from the item  810  to another item by pressing one of multi-direction keys, e.g., 4-direction keys, provided on the control apparatus  200 . Alternatively, the user may move the focus object by moving the control apparatus  200 , which is a pointing device, to point at another item to focus. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8B , in response to an input of the control apparatus  200  that moves the focus from the item  810  to the item  820 , the display apparatus  100  transforms and displays text of the item  820  that is newly focused. In  FIG. 8B , the display apparatus  100  may display the focus object  821  on the item  820  in order to indicate that the item  820  is focused. As the item  820  is focused, a text area  823  of the focused item  820  and the text in the text area  823  may be enlarged. 
     As the focus object is moved from the item  810  to the item  820 , the display apparatus  100  may remove the focus visual effect  811  indicating that the item  810  is focused and return the text of the item  810  to its original size. 
     While the item  820  is focused, the item  820  may be executed when the user presses a predetermined button provided on the control apparatus  200 . 
     In response to an input of the control apparatus  200  that executes the focused item  820 , the display apparatus  100  may display content corresponding to the item  820  on the screen  800 . 
       FIG. 8C  illustrates the screen  800  when the content corresponding to the item  820  is executed. The display apparatus  100  may display a representative image  831  of the content corresponding to the item  820  on the screen  800  along with specific text  832  corresponding to the content. Also, the display apparatus  100  may further display other items  833 ,  834 , and  835  on the screen  800 . 
     According to the one or more exemplary embodiments, since only an information area, e.g., a text area, of an item, which is crucial for a user to recognize, is transformed and provided, information about contents may be effectively provided to the user. 
     A display method according to the one or more exemplary embodiments may be implemented as computer instructions which may be executed by various computer means and recorded on a computer-readable recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium may include program commands, data files, data structures, or a combination thereof. The program commands recorded on the computer-readable recording medium may be specially designed and constructed for the inventive concept or may be known to and usable by one of ordinary skill in a field of computer software. Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include storage media such as magnetic media (e.g., hard discs, floppy discs, or magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., compact disc-read only memories (CD-ROMs) or digital versatile discs (DVDs)), magneto-optical media (e.g., floptical discs), and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and carry out program commands (e.g., ROMs, RAMs, or flash memories). Examples of the program commands include a high-level language code that may be executed by a computer using an interpreter as well as a machine language code made by a compiler. 
     While the inventive concept has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, the embodiments have merely been used to explain the inventive concept and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the inventive concept as defined by the claims. The exemplary embodiments should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Therefore, the scope of the inventive concept is defined not by the detailed description of the inventive concept but by the appended claims, and all differences within the scope will be construed as being included in the inventive concept.