Patent Publication Number: US-8113680-B2

Title: Light fixture with directed LED light

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     Not applicable. 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX 
     Not applicable. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention is directed toward light fixtures, and particularly toward light fixtures which direct light from light emitting diodes (LEDs). 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND TECHNICAL PROBLEMS POSED BY THE PRIOR ART 
     Light fixtures are, of course, used for a variety of purposes. Beyond simply providing light to enable people to see better, fixtures are also sometimes used for architectural and design purposes, for example to highlight features to provide a desired aesthetic appearance. 
     For example, in some structures it is desirable to create a large visual hot spot or high point of illumination to draw attention to that area. Accent lighting is used for such purposes. 
     Wall grazing fixtures, by contrast, are used for different architectural and design purposes, with the light from the fixtures intended to light walls, most effectively textured and three-dimensional surfaces. When used indoors, such fixtures make a room feel brighter because the vertical light levels along the wall lead one to believe that the overall light levels have been increased, and also can add a sense of space. When used outdoors, such fixtures light surfaces to highlight features (e.g., accent the texture of a structure&#39;s walls) to impact the overall appearance of the structure to persons passing by. 
     Whatever the purpose of the lighting, effective lighting will preferably have the light reliably and efficiently directed to provide the desired lighting. 
     For example, effective wall grazing fixtures will distribute light along the height of the wall, with uniformity of illumination desired between the lowest and highest vertical areas of the wall, which uniformity is hard to define and difficult to achieve. Rather than create large high points such as provided by accent lighting, light from wall grazing fixtures may hit the edges of often multiple textures protruding from the wall to highlight the textures and surfaces, with the effect being to draw attention to large surface areas and the contrast created between the dark areas at the low points and the highlighted areas of the protruding shapes. This is true for both indoor and outdoor applications. 
     The key to accomplishing the end effect is to create a beam of light which is focused within a narrow beam with the light directed mostly parallel with the wall. Having a wide beam also eases the ability to uniformly light the wall with varying fixture spacing. 
     Prior art fixtures designed for wall grazing applications (including Kim Lighting&#39;s the Wall Director and Commander, IO Lighting&#39;s Line, Color Kinetics and Neo Ray&#39;s Series 76) use either reflectors or refractors to direct the light away from the light source towards a wall. 
     For example, Kim Lighting uses reflectors to maximize light from a single ended light source which puts out light in 360 degrees, mainly perpendicular to the axis, with either end of the light source along the main axis emitting little or no light. The lamp is positioned with the main distribution directed through an aperture, without reflection, in a manner to light the intended target, with reflectors parallel with the central axis of the lamp to help lighting efficiency. Further, putting the lamp perpendicular to the wall will distribute light in the farthest direction along a wall (direct light being the most efficient). 
     Reflectors have also been used to reflect light from the lamp opposite the aperture, as well as to reflect the light which is cut off because it would be considered glare or light pollution, particularly with a high intensity light source and short linear arc tube. 
     Fluorescent fixtures have used a still different method. The source still emits light in a 360 degree distribution perpendicular to the main axis like a high intensity arc source, though the length of the source is much longer which means that the lamp will perform best when mounted parallel to the wall. Like high intensity sources, light needs to be directed through an aperture towards a wall, requiring that light emitting away from the aperture must be reflected back through the aperture, with light which is cut off to prevent glare and light pollution also reflected to improve efficiency. However, with the 360 degree output of fluorescent fixtures, it is difficult to distribute the light efficiently through the aperture. This results in lost light or large areas of high illumination and large areas of poor light, undesirably creating an uneven lighting wherein only half of the wall is only lit well. 
     In either of the above scenarios, the optical efficiency ranges between 65 and 80 percent, meaning that 20 percent or more of the light generated is lost before leaving the light fixture. 
     Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have also been used in light fixtures, such as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,217,009 and 7,281,818, and by IO Lighting and ColorKinetics. An LED typically emits light in a cone shaped beam (often 120 degrees, generally similar to an incandescent reflector lamp). When such beams are projected with the axis parallel with the wall, the cone shape of distribution can be seen (referred to as a scallop), although scallops can be made to disappear as the cones of light overlap each other if multiple LEDs are used in close proximity. 
     Further, to improve the amount of light directed parallel with the wall (i.e., to reduce the amount of light which is inefficiently lost as a result of travelling away from the wall to be illuminated), a refractive optic has also been used on the output side of such LEDs. This can, for example, tighten the beam distribution (as measured from Nadir) to 10 degrees (versus, e.g., 120 degrees) if desired (while optics may be used to spread or tighten the distribution, if the desired effect is to get more light further down the wall, using an optic to tighten the beam would be the proper choice). 
     As previously mentioned, when a cone of light is directed parallel to a wall, the cone of light becomes visible as it is reflected off of the target surface. While theoretically putting LEDs close together could help in causing scalloping from the multiple cones to disappear, how close together LEDs can be placed is limited by the size of any refractive optic used to tighten the beam. As a result, when using individual refractive optics for each LED, it is difficult to light a wall without creating some type of scallop. 
     To overcome the scalloping problem, a secondary optic has been used to create a lateral distribution which reduces scalloping, but such secondary refractive optic increases cost and lessens efficiency. That is, if the refractive optic is linear and continuous along the center line of multiple LED&#39;s (and perpendicular to the axis of the LED distribution), there will be better uniformity so that the cones of light will not be noticeable, but the lateral distribution of the LED will still be, for example, 120 degrees. However, while the 120 degree beam may be suitable for distribution, it does not throw as much light down the wall as the aforementioned system with the individual refractive optics. 
     The present invention is directed toward overcoming one or more of the problems set forth above. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In one aspect of the present invention, a light fixture for lighting a wall is provided, including a supporting base and at least one light emitting diode (LED) on the base emitting light in a cone having a central axis. A first reflector is curved between a first lip secured to the base adjacent the LED and a second lip spaced from the base, with the central axis of the cone intersecting the first reflector between the first and second lips. A second reflector defines a reflecting enclosure for and includes first and second generally flat surfaces on opposite sides of the LED and substantially symmetrical about a plane which includes the light cone central axis, and a third generally flat surface intersecting both of the first and second surfaces, whereby the first reflector is oriented to reflect light from both the LED and the second reflector in a beam having a selected shape. 
     In one form of this aspect of the invention, the base is adapted for mounting whereby the beam is directed at a wall to provide selected lighting of the wall. 
     In another form of this aspect of the invention, the surfaces of the second reflector are highly reflective matte white. 
     In still another form of this aspect of the invention, the first and second surfaces of the second reflector include upper edges restricting direct light of the light cones escaping the enclosures to less than about 45 degrees on either side of the central axes in the linear plane. 
     In yet another form of this aspect of the invention, the curved first reflector is generally parabolic to direct light from the fixture in a beam having a spread of less than about 10 degrees. 
     In another form of this aspect of the invention, the light enclosure further includes a fourth generally flat surface on the opposite side of the axis from the third surface and intersecting both of the first and second surfaces, where the third and fourth generally flat surfaces cooperate to direct light asymmetrically relative to the cone axes from the enclosures to the first reflector. In a further form, the curved first reflector is generally parabolic to direct light from the fixture in a beam having a spread of less than about 10 degrees. 
     In another aspect of the present invention, a light fixture for lighting a wall is provided, including a supporting base adapted to mount adjacent the wall and a plurality of linearly aligned LEDs on the base. Each LED emits light in a cone, and the base is adapted to be mounted whereby each of the cones has a central axis oriented substantially perpendicular to the wall. A linearly extending first reflector is curved between a first linear lip secured to the base adjacent the LEDs and a second lip spaced from the base, with the central axes of the cones intersecting the first reflector between the first and second lips. A linearly extending second reflector defines a plurality of reflecting enclosures with each of the LEDs in separate reflecting enclosures. Each reflecting enclosure includes first and second generally flat surfaces on opposite sides of the LED and substantially symmetrical about a plane which includes the light cone central axis of the associated LED and is perpendicular to the linear direction, and a third generally flat surface extending in the linear direction and intersecting both of the first and second surfaces. The first reflector is oriented to reflect light from the LEDS and the second reflector in a substantially narrow beam along the linear direction of the fixture. 
     In one form of this aspect of the invention, the base is adapted for mounting to the wall with the second lip adjacent the wall. 
     In another form of this aspect of the invention, the first reflector is glossy metal. 
     In still another form of this aspect of the invention, the surfaces of the second reflector are highly reflective matte white. 
     In still another form of this aspect of the invention, the first and second surfaces of the second reflector include upper edges restricting direct light of the light cones escaping the enclosures to less than about 45 degrees on either side of the central axes in the linear plane. 
     In yet another form of this aspect of the invention, the light cones have apexes generally centered on the LEDs, the third surfaces of the second reflector have generally linear aligned upper edges between the LEDs and the first reflector, and a plane including the apexes of the light cones and the linear aligned edges of the third surfaces intersects the first reflector generally adjacent and parallel to the second lip. In a further form, the first and second surfaces of the second reflector include upper edges restricting direct light of the light cones escaping the enclosures to less than about 45 degrees on either side of the central axes in the linear plane. 
     In another form of this aspect of the invention, the base includes an electrical enclosure. 
     In still another form of this aspect of the invention, the curved first reflector is generally parabolic to direct light from the fixture in a beam having a 8 to 10 degree spread, the beam having a substantially uniform spread across the linear direction. 
     In yet another form of this aspect of the invention, the light enclosures each also include a fourth generally flat surface extending in the linear direction and intersecting both of the first and second surfaces, the third and fourth flat surfaces cooperating to direct light asymmetrically relative to the cone axes from the enclosures to the first reflector. 
     In still another aspect of the present invention, a light fixture for providing light to graze a wall is provided, including a supporting base adapted to mount adjacent the wall and a plurality of linearly aligned LEDs on the base. Each LED emits light in a cone, with each of the cones having a central axis oriented substantially perpendicular to the wall when the base is mounted adjacent the wall. A linearly extending first reflector is substantially parabolic between a first linear lip secured to the base adjacent the LEDs and a second lip spaced from the base, with the central axes of the cones intersecting the first reflector between the first and second lips. The first reflector adjacent the second lip is oriented with its surface generally parallel to the wall when the base is mounted adjacent the wall. A linearly extending second reflector defines a plurality of reflecting enclosures with each of the LEDs in separate reflecting enclosures. Each reflecting enclosure includes first and second generally flat surfaces on opposite sides of the LED and substantially symmetrical about a plane which includes the light cone central axis of the associated LED and is perpendicular to the linear direction, and a third generally flat surface extending in the linear direction and intersecting both of the first and second surfaces. The first reflector is oriented to reflect light from the LEDS and the second reflector in a direction which substantially grazes the wall. 
     In one form of this aspect of the invention, the base is adapted for mounting to the wall with the second lip adjacent the wall. 
     In another form of this aspect of the invention, the first reflector is glossy metal. 
     In still another form of this aspect of the invention, the surfaces of the second reflector are highly reflective matte white. 
     In yet another form of this aspect of the invention, the light cones have apexes generally centered on the LEDs, the third surfaces of the second reflector have generally linear aligned upper edges between the LEDs and the first reflector, and a plane including the apexes of the light cones and the linear aligned edges of the third surfaces intersects the first reflector generally adjacent and parallel to the second lip. 
     In still another form of this aspect of the invention, the first and second surfaces of the second reflector include upper edges restricting direct light of the light cones escaping the enclosures to less than about 45 degrees on either side of the central axes in the linear plane. 
     In another form of this aspect of the invention, the base includes an electrical enclosure. 
     In still another form of this aspect of the invention, the curved first reflector is generally parabolic to direct light from the fixture in a beam having a 8 to 10 degree spread, the beam having a substantially uniform spread across the linear direction. 
     In yet another form of this aspect of the invention, the light enclosures each also include a fourth generally flat surface extending in the linear direction and intersecting both of the first and second surfaces, the third and fourth flat surfaces cooperating to direct light asymmetrically from the enclosures to the first reflector. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a light fixture according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is an exploded view of the fixture of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a side cross-sectional view of the fixture of  FIG. 1  taken through the supporting arm along line  3 - 3  of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a face cross-sectional view of the fixture of  FIG. 1  also taken through the supporting arm, taken along line  4 - 4  of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a wall grazing light fixture according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a side cross-sectional view of the fixture of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a partially broken away perspective view of one end of the fixture of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a side cross-sectional view of the fixture of  FIG. 5  as mounted in a cove in the ceiling by a wall; 
         FIG. 9  is a view similar to  FIG. 8  showing a different cove installation; 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of the back of a linear extending reflector usable in light fixtures according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of the form of the reflector of  FIG. 10 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional view taken along line  12 - 12  of  FIG. 1 , showing the linear extending reflector; 
         FIG. 13  is an enlarged view of the highlighted portion of  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14  is a light ray diagram illustrating the coverage of direct light exiting the linear extending reflector in a horizontal plane; 
         FIG. 15  is a light ray diagram like  FIG. 14 , showing reflected light; 
         FIG. 16  is a light ray diagram illustrating the coverage of direct light exiting the linear extending reflector in a vertical plane; 
         FIG. 17  is a light ray diagram like  FIG. 16 , showing reflected light; and 
         FIG. 18  is a side view of the generally parabolic reflector illustrating an advantageous curvature. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIGS. 1-4  illustrate one light fixture  20  which incorporates at least some features of the present invention. As seen in  FIG. 1 , the fixture  20  includes a base or housing  22  with side plates or covers  24 . Brackets  26  on the housing  22  are suitably secured to a support  30 , whereby the entire fixture  20  may be supported by securement of the support  30  to a ceiling, for example. As further described below, the support  30  may allow for remote adjustment of the position (orientation) of the fixture  20  to provide the desired lighting from the fixture  20 . 
       FIG. 2  further illustrates, in an exploded view, the major components of and in the housing  22 . 
     Specifically, the housing  22  itself extends linearly to form a semi-tubular shape with an opening along its length through which light is emitted. 
     A first, generally parabolic, portion  34  of the housing  22  encloses a first reflector  36  which also extends linearly and has a generally parabolic shape. The first reflector  36  is preferably made of, or coated by, a suitable reflective material to maximize light output and minimize light loss. For example, the first reflector  36  may be made of a glossy metal providing a mirror type optical effect. The parabolic housing portion  34  is advantageously used for a variety of reasons, including protecting the first reflector  36 , helping to support the parabolic housing portion  34  in the proper orientation, and to provide the desired aesthetic outer appearance (and it should be appreciated that the housing portion  34  could, if desired, be a different shape than parabolic for aesthetic reasons). 
     A second, base, portion  40  of the housing  22  is adjacent the parabolic housing portion  34 , and generally supports the mounting of the light generating and emitting portions of the fixture  20 . This portion may include suitable cooling ribs  42 , to facilitate cooling of heat generated by the light generating components. 
     The light from the fixture is generated by a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs)  50  which may advantageously be evenly spaced along a line on a suitable circuit board  52 . Suitable power and light lines (not shown) are provided to control the LEDs, which lines may, for example, be strung through openings in the support  30  and/or brackets  26  to both protect the lines as well as for aesthetic reasons. It should be understood, however, that the provision of power and control of the LEDs  50  may be accomplished in any suitable manner within the scope of the present invention. 
     An electric insulator  54  may also be located between the circuit board  52  and the housing base portion  40  to, for example, electrically insulate the circuit board  52  from the housing  22 , and improve contact between. The insulator  54  may also, or alternatively, act as a heat conductor to facilitate the transfer of heat from the circuit board  52  to the housing base portion  40 , so that heat will be most advantageously transferred to the cooling ribs  42  for cooling of the fixture  20  generally. Suitable fasteners such as screws  56  may be used to secure the circuit board  52  to the housing base portion  40  with the heat conduit  54  therebetween (see  FIG. 3 ). 
     A linearly extending second reflector  60  is secured over the circuit board  52 , and includes openings  62  aligned with the LEDs  50 . The second reflector  60  defines a plurality of reflecting enclosures  66  with each of the LEDs  50  in separate reflecting enclosures  66 . The second reflector  60  is described in further detail below. 
     The second reflector  60  also may advantageously include a flange  70  along one side, which flange is securable to a longitudinal shoulder  72  (see  FIG. 3 ) inside the housing base portion  40 . A reinforcing strip  76  may advantageously be secured over the flange  70  and secured to the shoulder  72  by a suitable fastener such as screws  78  to securely position the second reflector  60  within the housing  22  relative to the LEDs  50 . If desired, the reinforcing strip  76  may also include a face  80  which defines a portion of the reflecting enclosures  66  and provides a reliably positioned lip  82  which helps to ensure that direct light does not undesirably leak from the fixture  20 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 3-4 , the support  30  may include a suitable drive mechanism including a worm  90  and gear  92  which may be driven to rotate the support around its central axis  94  and/or around the axis  96  of the connection to the brackets  26 , to permit the housing  22  to be positioned as required for the particular installation, and also to permit adjustment after initial installation. Control of the drive mechanism of the support  30  may be accomplished in any suitable manner, including, for example, a motor drive, or a manual drive which may be manipulated by a screwdriver (e.g., engaging a Phillips-head opening  98  in a head secured to the worm  90 ). 
     It should be appreciated that the light fixture  20  of  FIGS. 1-4  may be used to form a beam of light in a desired configuration to provide selected lighting, such as wall washing, 
       FIGS. 5-9  illustrate an alternate embodiment of a light fixture  120  which may be advantageously mounted directly to, or behind, a surface such as a ceiling for specific wall grazing of the light. In this embodiment, the housing  122  may have a generally rectangular cross-section, with a flat horizontal wall  124  and flat side walls  126 ,  128 , and may be formed of any suitable material, such as bent sheet metal. Suitable holes may be provided in the walls  124 ,  126 ,  128 , for example, for mounting screws and/or electrical wiring. 
     An electrical component chamber  130  may be advantageously provided on one side of the housing  122  to provide space for desired electrical components to control and power the lights. 
     Adjacent the component chamber  130  is a reflecting portion  140 . A circuit board  142  with spaced LEDs  144 , a first, parabolic, reflector  146 , and a second, linearly extending, reflector  150  are also provided, similar to the fixture  20  of  FIGS. 1-4  described above. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the light fixture  120  may be oriented at the bottom of a surface, with its horizontal wall  124  oriented at the bottom, to direct light upward, or, as illustrated in  FIGS. 6 ,  8  and  9 , may be oriented at the top of a surface, with its horizontal wall  124  oriented at the top, to direct light down. Of course, it should be appreciated that light fixtures embodying at least some aspects of the present invention can be used to highlight surfaces disposed at any orientation, including horizontal surfaces (e.g., ceilings and/or floors) and surfaces which are neither horizontal nor vertical, by orienting the fixture appropriately. 
     Moreover, as illustrated in  FIGS. 8-9 , the fixture  120  may be secured in a recess or cove  160  (e.g., in the ceiling at the top of a wall  164 ) to more effectively hide the fixture from view where desired. As illustrated in  FIG. 8 , the fixture  120  may, for example, be suitably secured by bolting the vertical wall  128  of the electrical component chamber  130  to a rigid member  168  spaced from but generally parallel to the wall  164  to be lighted, such spacing being substantially the same as the width of the fixture  120  whereby the edge of the parabolic reflector  146  is substantially aligned with the wall  164 . If for any reason the wall  164  does not extend sufficiently into the cove  160  (e.g., as likely would be common in retrofit applications), an additional wall member  170  may advantageously be added, as illustrated in  FIG. 9 , to define and reinforce the cove  160  and the mounting of the fixture  120  therein. A flexible metallic tubing  174  may also be provided, for example, for electrical wiring. 
     As best illustrated in  FIGS. 8-9 , to use fixtures according to the present invention, the LEDs may be oriented to emit their light in a cone in which the central axis is directed toward, and substantially perpendicular to, the orientation of the surface to be lighted. As described in greater detail below, the second, linear, reflector  60  (and  150 ) function to retain the light cone of each LED with minimal loss of lighting while also directing the light suitably to the first, parabolic, reflector  146  (and  36 ) whereby a substantial amount of the light emitted by the LEDs is directed in narrow cones (e.g., in an eight to ten degree wedge viewed in a plane perpendicular to the wall being lighted), with excellent lateral spread to provide even lighting without scalloping. 
     The second, linear, reflector is illustrated and further explained in  FIGS. 10-17 . It should be appreciated that while reference numeral  60  (of the  FIGS. 1-4  embodiment) will be used in the below description, what is described below is equally applicable to the linear reflector  150  of the  FIGS. 5-9  embodiment. 
     As previously noted, the linearly extending second reflector  60  includes openings  62  spaced to align with the spaced LEDs of the fixture, and also defines a plurality of reflecting enclosures  66  associated with the openings  62  (and LEDs). 
     Each enclosure  66  includes first and second generally flat surfaces  200 ,  202  which are substantially symmetrical on opposite sides of a plane which includes the light cone central axis of the associated LED and is perpendicular to the linear direction of the reflector  60 . The first and second surfaces  200 ,  202  of adjacent enclosures  66  generally intersect in a “V”  204 . Further, the first and second surfaces  200 ,  202  also cooperate to ensure that the lateral spread light from the spaced LEDs will be substantially even without undesirable scalloping. 
     Each enclosure  66  also includes a third generally flat surface  208  extending in the linear direction and intersecting both of the first and second surfaces  200 ,  202 . Further, either the lip  210  of the third generally flat surface  208  or the linear lip  82  of the reinforcing strip  76  (see  FIG. 3 ) is positioned between the LED and the outer lip of the first, parabolic, reflector  36  to ensure that direct light does not undesirably leak from the fixture (e.g., note rays  230   a ,  230   b  in  FIGS. 3 and 6 ). 
     Additionally, a fourth generally flat surface  234  extends in the linear direction and intersecting both of the first and second surfaces  200 ,  200 , with the third and fourth surfaces  208 ,  234  cooperating to direct substantially all light from the enclosure to the first, parabolic, reflector  36 , thereby minimizing lost light, and also facilitating the direction of light to the first reflector  36  whereby the beams of light from all the LEDs exiting the fixture will be in a narrow wedge shape as previously described. 
     Advantageously, the linearly extending second reflector  60 , and in particular its four described surfaces  200 ,  202 ,  208 ,  234  may be made of, or coated by, a suitable reflective material to maximize light output and minimize light loss. For example, the second reflector  60  may be made of, or coated by, a highly reflective matte white material. 
       FIG. 13  generally illustrates in enlarged form how the 60 degree orientation between the first and second surfaces  200 ,  202  of the enclosures  66  facilitates in narrowing the 120 degree conical beam of light emitted from each LED  50 . 
       FIGS. 14-15  similarly illustrate the lateral spread of the light exiting an enclosure (the lateral or linear direction of the second reflector  60  being the x-axis, which is typically horizontal and parallel to the wall being lighted in wall grazing applications). The y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis and to the wall, and also typically lies in a horizontal plane in wall grazing applications. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 14  (which also illustrates that the surfaces  200 ,  202  may have some curvature though being generally flat), direct light from an LED can generally be restricted to less than about 45 degrees (or 22½ degrees on opposite sides of the y-axis. Further, as illustrated in  FIG. 15 , reflected light exiting the enclosure  66  can be distributed between a substantially straight, centered beam (for light from the center of the LED reflecting off the far edges of the walls  200 ,  202 ), to a wedged reflected light spread of, for example, about 39 degrees centered on the y-axis (for light from opposite sides of the LED  50  and reflecting off the immediately adjacent walls  200 ,  202 ). 
       FIGS. 16-17  are similar to  FIGS. 14-15 , but they illustrate the vertical (when oriented to light a vertical wall for wall grazing, for example) spread of the light exiting the enclosure  66 , where the z-axis is vertical and, as noted with respect to  FIGS. 14-15 , the y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis and to the wall, and also typically lies in a horizontal plane. As illustrated in  FIG. 16 , direct light from the LED can generally be restricted through, for example, 96 degrees, asymmetric relative to the y-axis. Further, as illustrated in  FIG. 17 , reflected light exiting the enclosure  66  can be distributed across a similar spread. 
     Of course, as previously noted, substantially all of the light exiting the enclosures  66  will then strike the first reflector  36  to be directed as desired to substantially uniformly graze the wall.  FIG. 18  illustrates in detail a particular shape of the reflector  36  which may be advantageously used with the present invention, with connecting edges adapted for use with the second described ( FIGS. 5-9 ) embodiment. In addition to the lateral spread of the light beam, in wall grazing applications such as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the light beam may be directed in a narrow spread (e.g., ten degrees in the  FIG. 6  cross-section), whereas in other lighting applications (e.g., wall washing), the light spread in the cross-section perpendicular to the wall may be greater (as illustrated in  FIG. 3 ). 
     In short, it should be appreciated that the second reflector  60  of the present invention will enable a wide 120 degree conical light emitting from LEDs  50  to be narrowed into a narrower shape in which the light will be focused, directed and evenly spread (without scalloping) as is desired in, for example, wall grazing applications. Moreover, it should be appreciated that it is within the broad scope of the present invention to provide a fixture with a single LED and associated first and second reflectors as described which may be used to efficiently control the exiting beam of the light. For example, the light may be controlled to be in a 10×60 degree beam (i.e., having a sixty degree lateral spread and a ten degree spread perpendicular to the wall) in wall grazing applications wherein light is advantageously grazed over surfaces to highlight textures and features of the surface. Of course, when multiple LEDs are used together, the lateral spread (e.g., sixty degrees) may be advantageously used to provide a wide swath of a light beam without scalloping undesirably highlighting that there are multiple sources of the light or otherwise providing an undesirably non-uniform lighting of the wall. 
     The invention described herein provides a different approach to lighting, particularly to grazing a wall with light from LEDs. The LEDs direct their light into the reflector, basically perpendicular to the LED axis of distribution, which reflects the light in a tight beam parallel with the wall. Close spacing and no direct light from the LED&#39;s allows the wall to be grazed without a scallop effect and without a large contrast in light levels as seen on state of the art solutions. To improve lateral control and intensify the light directed parallel to the wall, the second reflector is provided to essentially provide an asymmetric reflector around each LED, with the individual reflectors tightening the lateral distribution (e.g., from 120 degrees to about 60 degrees). 
     The result of these reflectors is that the upper portion of the reflected light (in  FIG. 17 ) has only a minimal portion of the light reflected by the individual reflector, with the lower portion of the reflected light (in  FIG. 17 ) being reflected towards the linear reflector which controls the vertical distribution. The result of the reflector combination is that a significant portion (greater than 80 percent, for example) of the light may be distributed parallel to the wall within about an eight degree beam. For example, when the light impinges at 30 degrees from beam center, it reflects away from the LED source, whereby fixtures according to the present invention provide light which more efficiently grazes a wall for longer distances than any of the previously mentioned solutions. The end benefit is more uniform light over greater distances with less energy than HID or fluorescent. 
     Still other aspects, objects, and advantages of the present invention can be obtained from a study of the specification, the drawings, and the appended claims. It should be understood, however, that the present invention could be used in alternate forms where less than all of the objects and advantages of the present invention and preferred embodiment as described above would be obtained.