Patent Publication Number: US-2005125483-A1

Title: Method and apparatus providing information transfer

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
      The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for providing information transfer between a mobile data unit and a central server. More specifically, the invention relates to a method and an apparatus which enables a data unit comprising at least two different communication means, the at least two communication means having an overlapping coverage/functionality in at least a part of a geographical area, in a predictable and predetermined manner to enable transfer of information with a central server.  
     BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION  
      Data collection has traditionally been comprised of one or more data collection units somehow connected with a central unit. Originally the connection between the data units and the central unit would probably have been by means of direct wiring if it concerned for example one industry or additionally by means of the public telephone network if it concerned more than one industry or an industry at a remote location from the central unit. Advancement in radio technology and perhaps more importantly the more readily availability of radio communication, mainly due to lower cost and relaxation of regulations, enabled the use of proprietary radio communication with local collection units. Remote locations would usually still require the use of the public telephone network as proprietary radio communication systems would only have a relatively limited coverage. With the arrival of nationwide wireless communication means, such as the arrival of mobile telephone networks, remote locations could also be accessed by means of radio communication. The use of public wireless communication means has opened up the realistic use of data collection units on for example mobile machinery, such as trucks. Unfortunately wireless communication systems that cross country borders, such as satellite systems, are relatively costly, prohibiting a more widespread regional/global use, such as for example having data collection units on boats and even more so on cargo that is mobile in a large geographical area which is not restricted by national borders. At the same time, it has become more and more interesting to be able to keep track of and know the condition of for example a container, i.e. to know its whereabouts and for example its internal and external temperature and relative humidity. To know a mobile unit&#39;s whereabouts is an important factor in logistics, which has become more and more important, especially when companies use/are subjected to just-in-time transports. It would thus be desirable, in a large geographical area, to be able to use data units mounted on mobile carriers such as boats, trucks, and containers, and provide cost efficient information transfer with a central unit.  
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
      An object of the invention is to provide a mobile data unit capable of providing in a large geographical area a cost efficient information transfer with a central server.  
      A further object of the invention is to provide a method of providing information transfer from at least one data unit to a central server, by means of one of at least two different communication means of the data unit, in a controllable manner.  
      Another object of the invention is to provide a system capable of providing information transfer between a mobile data unit and a central server by means of one of at least two different communication means of the data unit, in a controllable and efficient manner.  
      The aforementioned objects are achieved according to the invention by a method and a system of providing information transfer between at least one data unit and a central server. A data unit in an area within which at least partly two different communication means have an overlapping coverage, transfer information with the central server by means of one of these communication means. Selection of one of the communication means is done from a plurality of parameters governed by a data unit profile. The central server in turn will in most applications be interconnected to one or more users and their applications by means of a further communication network, such as the internet. A user will thus communicate with the central server by means of a single communication network and method even though several different communication networks and methods are used for information transfer to and from the data unit or units.  
      The aforementioned objects are also achieved according to the invention by a method of providing information transfer from at least one data unit to a central server. The data unit comprises at least two different communication means. The at least two communication means have an overlapping coverage/functionality in at least a part of a geographical area in which the data unit is located. According to the invention the method comprises a plurality of steps in each data unit. In a first step the at least two communication means are initiated. In a second step a preferred communication means is determined. In a third step an availability of the communication means is determined. In a fourth step a current communication means is selected from one of the at least two communication means. The selection is done in dependence of the determined preferred communication means, and the availability of the communication means. Finally in a fifth step information transfer is provided to the central server by means of the current communication means.  
      The method can further suitably comprise the step of the central server providing information transfer to at least one application of a terminal of a subscriber by means of a further communication network. Suitably the method further comprises the step of classifying a type of information transfer, and that in the step of selecting a current communication means, selecting is also done in dependence of the classification of the type of information transfer to be provided. Then suitably in the step of determining an availability of the communication means, determining is also done in dependence of the classification of the type of information transfer to be provided. In some implementations the step of classifying a type of information transfer comprises the substep of determining a maximum allowable delay before information transfer is provided. Then suitably the step of determining an availability of the communication means can comprise the substeps of determining currently unfunctional communication means, and predicting which of the currently unfunctional communication means will be functional communication means within the determined maximum allowable delay of the classified type of information transfer to be provided. In some implementations the step of classifying a type of information transfer further comprises the substep of determining an amount of information to be transferred. Then suitably the step of determining an availability of the communication means comprises the substep of determining if the communication means is compatible with the determined amount of information to be transferred. Suitably the step of determining a preferred communication means, also determines in dependence of the classification of the type of information transfer to be provided.  
      In some implementations the step of initiating the at least two communication means further comprises the substeps of initialising the communication means hardware, activating a default data unit profile, and requesting an information transfer of a current data unit profile. The step of determining an availability of the communication means can comprise the substeps of determining allowable communication means, and determining functional communication means. Sometimes the substep of determining functional communication means comprises the additional substeps of determining currently functional communication means, and predicting probable time of continued functionality of currently functional communication means. Suitably the substep of determining functional communication means comprises the additional substeps of determining currently unfunctional communication means, and predicting probable time to functionality of currently unfunctional communication means.  
      In some implementations, in the step of determining a preferred communication means, determining is also done in dependence of an amount of information transfer to be provided. In the step of determining a preferred communication means, determining can also be done in dependence of a cost of providing information transfer by means of each of the at least two communication means, and/or in dependence of an information transfer rate of each of the at least two communication means, and/or in dependence of a time of the data unit, and/or in dependence of a time of the central server. Certain communication networks are cheaper to use during weekends and/or outside of business hours, and the time, i.e. time of day and/or day of the week, thus becomes important.  
      One or more of the features of the above-described different methods according to the invention can be combined in any desired manner, as long as the features are not contradictory.  
      The aforementioned objects are further achieved in accordance with the invention by a data unit arranged to provide information transfer to a central server. The data unit comprises at least two different communication means. The at least two communication means have an overlapping coverage/functionality in at least a part of a geographical area in which the data unit is located. According to the invention the data unit comprises an initiation means, a first determination means, a second determination means, a selection means and a providing means. The initiation means is arranged to initiate the at least two communication means. The first determination means arranged to determine a preferred communication means. The second determination means is arranged to determine an availability of the communication means. The selection means is arranged to select a current communication means from one of the at least two communication means, in dependence of: the determined preferred communication means, and the availability of the communication means. The providing means is arranged to provide information transfer to the central server by means of the current communication means.  
      In some embodiments the data unit further comprises a classification means arranged to classify a type of information transfer. Suitably the selection means is then also arranged to select in dependence of the classification of the type of information transfer to be provided. Sometimes the classification means is arranged to determine a maximum allowable delay before information transfer is provided, and/or determine an amount of information to be transferred. The second determination means can in some embodiments be arranged to also determine in dependence of the classification of the type of information transfer to be provided. Suitably the first determination means is also arranged to determine a preferred communication means in dependence of the classification of the type of information transfer to be provided.  
      In some embodiments the initiation means is arranged to initialise the communication means hardware, activate a default data unit profile, and request an information transfer of a current data unit profile. The request of a current data unit profile can be made to a central server to which the data unit is to be associated, or to a default place, such as an internet location, which will, based on the identity of the data unit in question, provide the data unit with information of its central server to which it is to be associated with. Suitably the second determination means is arranged to determine allowable communication means, and determine functional communication means. The first determination means can be arranged to determine a preferred communication means in dependence of one or more of: an amount of information transfer to be provided; a cost of providing information transfer by means of each of the at least two communication means; an information transfer rate of each of the at least two communication means; a time of the data unit; a time of the central server.  
      Different embodiments of the data unit according to the invention can also be reached according to additional features mentioned above in connection with the description of the method according to the invention. The features of the above-described different embodiments of a data unit according to the invention can be combined in any desired manner, as long as no conflict occurs.  
      The aforementioned objects are further also achieved according to the invention by an information transfer system arranged to provide information transfer between at least one data unit and a central server. The central server and at least one of the at least one data unit each comprise at least two different communication means for communication with each other. The at least two communication means having an overlapping coverage/functionality in at least a part of a geographical area in which the at least one of the at least one data unit is located. According to the invention the at least one of the at least one data unit comprises an initiation means, a first determination means, a second determination means, a selection means and a providing means. The initiation means is arranged to initiate the at least two communication means. The first determination means is arranged to determine a preferred communication means. The second determination means is arranged to determine an availability of the communication means.  
      The selection means is arranged to select a current communication means from one of the at least two communication means, in dependence of: the determined preferred communication means, and the availability of the communication means. The providing means is arranged to provide information transfer to the central server by means of the current communication means. Further according to the invention the central server comprises an initiation means, a first determination means, a second determination means, a selection means and a providing means. The initiation means is arranged to initiate the at least two communication means. The first determination means is arranged to determine a preferred communication means. The second determination means is arranged to determine an availability of the communication means. The selection means is arranged to select a current communication means from one of the at least two communication means, in dependence of: the determined preferred communication means, and the availability of the communication means. The providing means arranged to provide information transfer to the at least one of the at least one data unit by means of the current communication means.  
      Different embodiments of the information transfer system according to the invention can also be reached according to additional features mentioned above in connection with the description of the method or the data unit according to the invention. These different features can be combined with the data unit and/or the central server of the above-described information transfer system in any desired manner according to the invention, as long as no conflict occurs.  
      The aforementioned objects are also achieved according to the invention by a method of providing information transfer from a central server to at least one data unit. The central server comprises at least two different communication means. The at least two communication means have an overlapping coverage/functionality in at least a part of a geographical area in which the at least one data unit is located. According to the invention the method comprises a plurality of steps in the central server. In a first step the at least two communication means are initiated. In a second step a preferred communication means is determined. In a third step an availability of the communication means is determined. In a fourth step a current communication means is selected from one of the at least two communication means, in dependence of: the determined preferred communication means, and the availability of the communication means. Finally in a fifth step the information transfer is provided to the at least one data unit by means of the current communication means.  
      In some versions the method further comprises the step of the central server providing information transfer from at least one application of a terminal of a subscriber by means of a further communication network. Advantageously the method further comprises the step of classifying a type of information transfer, in which case in the step of selecting a current communication means, selecting is also done in dependence of the classification of the type of information transfer to be provided. In some versions the method further comprises three additional steps. In a first additional step data unit profile parameters are compared with current parameters. Maybe there are new information transfer rates for one or more communication networks. In a second additional step it is determined if one or more data unit profile parameters needs to be updated. This can be the case if a subscriber can and wishes to change some operating conditions of one or more data units, for example only using the cheapest communication network, unless there is an emergency or time since last contact is more than, fore example ten days. And finally in a third additional step an information transfer of a data unit profile with current parameters to at least one data unit is requested if it is determined that one or more data unit profile parameters needs updating.  
      Different versions of the central server according to the invention can also be reached according to additional features mentioned above in connection with the description of the methods of the data unit according to the invention. The features of the above-described different versions of a central server according to the invention can be combined in any desired manner, as long as no conflict occurs.  
      The aforementioned objects are further achieved in accordance with the invention by a central server arranged to provide information transfer to at least one data unit. The central server comprises at least two different communication means. The at least two communication means have an overlapping coverage/functionality in at least a part of a geographical area in which the at least one data unit is located. According to the invention the central server comprises initiation means, first determination means, second determination means, selection means and providing means. The initiation means is arranged to initiate the at least two communication means. The first determination means is arranged to determine a preferred communication means. The second determination means is arranged to determine an availability of the communication means. The selection means is arranged to select a current communication means from one of the at least two communication means, in dependence of: the determined preferred communication means, and the availability of the communication means. The providing means is arranged to provide information transfer to the at least one data unit by means of the current communication means.  
      In some embodiments the central server further comprises classification means arranged to classify a type of information transfer, and the selection means is then also arranged to select in dependence of the classification of the type of information transfer to be provided. Advantageously the central server can further comprise comparator means, additional determining means and request means. The comparator means is arranged to compare data unit profile parameters with current parameters. The additional determining means is arranged to determine if one or more data unit profile parameters needs to be updated. And the request means is arranged to request an information transfer of a data unit profile with current parameters to at least one data unit if it is determined that one or more data unit profile parameters needs to be updated.  
      Different embodiments of the central server according to the invention can also be reached according to additional features mentioned above in connection with the description of the method or the data unit according to the invention. These different features can be combined with the above described central servers in any desired manner according to the invention, as long as no conflict occurs.  
      The invention provides many more advantages over prior art system, some more of which will be disclosed in further detail below. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
      The invention will now be more thoroughly described in more detail for explanatory, and in no sense limiting, purposes and features and advantages will become readily apparent by the following detailed description, where references will be made to the accompanying figures, where:  
       FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic overview of a system according to the invention;  
       FIG. 2  illustrates a schematic overview of a central server and its contact interface with its surroundings according to the invention;  
       FIG. 3  illustrates a flow chart of a basic method of a central server according to the invention;  
       FIG. 4  illustrates a flow chart of an additional feature of the method of a central server according to the invention;  
       FIG. 5  illustrates a schematic overview of a data unit and its contact interface with its surroundings according to the invention;  
       FIG. 6  illustrates a flow chart of a basic method of a data unit according to the invention;  
       FIG. 7  illustrates a flow chart of an enhanced method of a data unit according to the invention;  
       FIG. 8  illustrates a flow chart according to the invention of an example of an expansion of the step of determining an availability of the communication means, possibly an extension of  FIG. 6  or  7 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
      The invention deals with the problems associated with information transfer between a data unit and a central server. The data unit will typically either be mobile in a geographic area which is accessible at least in part by two different communication networks, such as GSM and SAT-C, or be stationary and then typically be located in a predetermined area between two different communication networks, the accessability of the different communication networks in the predetermined area being uncertain and perhaps depend on varying weather conditions. In either case, i.e. either with a mobile or a stationary data unit, access via a specific communication network will be unpredictable. Additionally, even if a specific communication network is accessible at all times, it might not be desirable to use that specific communication network, unless for example there is an emergency, this can for example be due to reasons of cost.  
      In order to clarify the method and the system according to the invention, some examples of its use will now be described in connection with FIGS.  1  to  8 .  FIG. 1  discloses a schematic overview of a system according to the invention.  FIG. 2  disclose a schematic overview of a central server and its contact interface with its surroundings according to the invention.  FIG. 5  disclose a schematic overview of a data unit and its contact interface with its surroundings according to the invention.  FIGS. 3, 4 ,  6 ,  7  and  8  disclose different flow charts of methods of central servers and of data units according to the invention.  
      The schematic overview of a system according to the invention of  FIG. 1 , shows how one or more users via subscriber terminals  181 ,  183 , in a simple uniform manner, can gain access to information attained from, or transfer information to, one or more data units  152 ,  154 ,  156  via a database  168  of a central server  160 . A system according to the present invention can be owned by one part which then by contract allow subscribers to use the system in part or in full. It is also feasable that a system according to the present invention is owned and operated by the same part, the subscribers can then for example be different departments with different access rights. A split ownership is also possible, where the central server belongs to one part, which part allows, due to for example contracts, subscribers to gain access to their own data units. The central server  160  has, according to this example, access to three different communication networks  120 ,  122 ,  124 , each with a different area coverage  110 ,  112 ,  114 . A first communication network  120  of the three communication networks  120 ,  122 ,  124  has an area coverage  110  which corresponds to the complete geographic area  100  within which the first  152 , second  154  and third  156  data units according to this system are designed to function. The other two communication networks  122 ,  124  only have a partial area coverage  112 ,  114  of the complete geographical area  100 . The second communication network  122  has an area coverage  112  which covers the second  154  and third  156  data units&#39; current locations, but not that of the first data unit  152 . The third communication network  124  has an area coverage  114  which covers the first  152  and the second  154  data units&#39; current location, but not that of the third data unit  154 . The coverage areas  112 ,  114  of the second  122  and third  124  communication networks thus overlap at least partially in the geographical area  100  at hand. If the first communication network  120  was not present, then a situation with a minimum configuration according to the invention would prevail.  
      One or more users can get access to the data units  152 ,  154 ,  156  via subscriber terminals  181 ,  183  or the like. A subscriber terminal  181 ,  183  is typically coupled to a central server  160  by means of a large communication network  190 , such as the internet, by communication access  192 ,  194 ,  196  by the subscriber terminal or terminals  181 ,  183  and by the central server  160  to this large communication network  190 . Access to the data units  152 ,  154 ,  156 , from the subscriber terminal&#39;s viewpoint, can be either direct, virtually direct or indirect, i.e. the central server  160  will either be transparent, virtually transparent by means of the data base  168 , or act openly as a buffer by means of the database  168 . In either case, information transfer to and from any data unit  152 ,  154 ,  156  will pass through the data base  168 .  
      According to the invention, a user at a subscriber terminal  181 ,  183  can thus exchange information with one or more data units  152 ,  154 ,  156  by only either being connected  194 ,  196  to a network  190  that is in turn connected  192  to a central server  160 , or being directly connected with a central server  160 , without being concerned with what actual communication network  120 ,  122 ,  124  is being used for the information exchange. The choice of a communication network  120 ,  122 ,  124  for information exchange is subjected to many parameters. That a communication network  120 ,  122 ,  124  is physically present, is not the same as it being available for information transfer. Certain factors which are difficult to change immediately are for example that a specific communication network is non-functional, i.e. broken, that a data unit does not have any hardware/software for a specific communication network, or that a data unit is outside a coverage area of a specific communication network. Other factors, such as there not being a contract set up to allow the use of a specific communication network, can perhaps be easier and/or quicker to resolve in some cases, in other cases not. Further factors limiting the use of a communication network can be totally self inflicted, i.e. according to the invention that there is a profile governing the use of a communication network, such as only allowing the use of a certain communication network for information of a short length and/or of a very high priority.  
      Profiles are used to determine preferred communication networks, possibly depending on one or more parameters such as the size/length of the information transfer and its urgency, and transfer costs. Once a preferred communication network is determined, the availability of all the communication networks that are possible to use, is determined, possibly taking into account probable delay until availability and probable time of availability. A container that is shipped by boat will most likely reach a harbour within five days, for example, where SMS communication is possible, which would be desirable to wait for instead of using expensive satellite communication networks. The availability might also take into consideration the quality of the communication link that is possible to establish with a specific communication network. Other factors could be if a communication network is bidirectional or only usable in a single direction, and also which direction. A profile for information transfer can be in a data unit as a data unit profile and/or in the central server as a central server profile. A data unit will comprise a default data unit profile that will most likely be updated regularly from the central server, all depending on changed conditions, such as for example changed transfer costs or new contracts/subscriptions to be able to use additional communication networks. A SIM card can for example be inserted into a GSM communication module, making the use of that communication module available for use.  
       FIG. 2  illustrates a schematic overview of a central server  260  and its contact interface with its surroundings according to the invention. One or more applications  262  of the central server  260  are coupled to a communication interface  266 , a subscriber communication interface  264  and a database  268 . The subscriber communication interface  264  will enable one or more subscriber terminals  281 ,  283  to either be in direct  294  contact with the central server  260 , or be coupled  296 ,  292  via a communication network  290  such as the internet. The one or more applications  262  will also control and administer/manage all of the data units that are associated with the central server  260 , for example which data units are initiated, which subscribers have paid for pull, i.e. central server initiated information retrieval from one or more data units since this is paid by the central server communication subscription, while on the other hand a push, i.e. a data unit initiated information transfer, is usually paid by a subscribers subscription to a communication service. The applications  262  will typically also perform statistics of for example amount of data trafic and how and by what subscriber/data unit, which among other things can be used for charging the subscribers. For example, a subscriber deposits a sum of money, either at a bank or by means of a credit card for example, which will then change the subscriber&#39;s general profile, to for example allow pull from the subscriber&#39;s data units and duplex communication with the data units. The applications  262  will then keep track of the amount of money still available on that subscriber&#39;s account, depending on the amount of use. The central server will check to see if any of the data unit profiles needs to be updated, and if so, does so autonomously.  
      The communication interface  266  is coupled to at least two communication modules  240 ,  242 ,  244 ,  246 ,  248 , each of which can transfer information  230 ,  232 ,  234 ,  236 ,  238  between the communication interface and a corresponding communication network  210 ,  212 ,  214 ,  216 ,  218 . In the example five different communication networks are illustrated. These different networks  210 ,  212 ,  214 ,  216 ,  218  represent communication networks with different coverage areas, different information transfer speeds, different information transfer costs, different information size transfer capabilities, different information transfer lag times, and different availabilities. For example, a GSM network could be overloaded and unable to accept any additional connections. Some communication networks are direct, while others buffers the information, store and forward mode, which will cause delays, lag times, which can be unacceptable for certain real time information, such as certain alarm conditions.  
      The application(s)  262  will control the central server  260  by making use of the communication interface  266  to thereby determine which communication module  240 ,  242 ,  244 ,  246 ,  248  is to be used for a specific information transfer.  FIG. 3  shows a flow chart of a basic method of how a central server would provide information transfer with a data unit in accordance with the invention. This is a polling type of information transfer. The flow chart does not take into consideration push type of information transfer from a data unit. The process is started in an initiation point  300 . Thereafter in a first step  310  the communication means, i.e. the communication interface and the communication modules, are initiated. Initiation of the communication means will normally involve setting up a default central server profile for determining a basic factory set functionality. This basic factory set functionality can either be changed wholly, in part or not at all by one or more of the subscribers by means of, for example, a subscriber terminal. Normally the central server profile will only be updated/changeable by the operator of the central server, normally in view of contracts made with subscribers. A central server profile will normally comprise a subscriber specific part for each individual subscriber, which specific part will reflect the contract with a subscriber in question. In some implementations a whole setup/system will be owned by a single user, in which case there might not be a need to have multiple subscriber specific parts. The default central server profile is used for the first information transfers between data units associated with the central server. Typically the default central server profile will assemble an information transfer request for new data unit profiles comprising some type of identity of the data units in question. The data units will receive new data unit profiles which typically, among other things, will reflect current operability.  
      After initiation, in a second step  320  it is determined if there is a reason for an information transfer or not between the central server and a data unit. If there is not, then the process will wait here until there is. Perhaps there is a push, in which case the central server just takes care of the information received and responds if called for, this case is not covered by this flow chart. A reason for a polling, that is the central server initiating contact with one or more data units, is that it might be cheaper for the central server to initiate the communication instead of the data unit initiating the communication, i.e depending on the communication rates, it can for example be cheaper to make a GSM call to the US from Sweden, than to make a GSM call to Sweden from the US. When there is a need for an information transfer, then the process continues with a third step  340 , which determines a preferred communication means. A preferred communication means is determined from one or more parameters of the central server profile for the data unit or units in question. In some versions the central server profile will specify a determined preferred communication means, in other versions other parameters such as transfer cost will be used in a determination. Thereafter in a fourth step  350 , the availability of the communication means is determined. A preferred communication means might not be available because the data unit or units in question are outside the coverage area of the preferred communication means. Other communication means might only be available between certain hours of the day. There are many factors which arise when determining the availability of the communication means, some versions of the invention will only take into account those that are immediately available for transmission, while other versions will calculate availability predictions for the different communication means, i.e. for how long will a communication means be available, will it be time enough to send the whole information via that communication means in that time, and how long will it be before a preferred communication means is available, the information transfer can perhaps wait until it is available? After the availability of the communication means has been determined, a fifth step  360  selects a current communication means based on the determined preferred communication means and the determined availability of the communication means. If a determined preferred communication means is determined available, then it becomes the current communication means, otherwise some of the other determined available communication means is selected according to the central server profile. Finally in a sixth step  370  the needed information transfer between the central server and the data unit or units in question is provided.  
       FIG. 4  illustrates a flow chart of an additional feature of the method of a central server according to the invention. This feature provides subscribers with even greater ease of control of one or more data units by only having to update the central server with changed conditions and/or whole or part of one or more data unit profile, any necessary changes to specific or all data unit profiles then being changed by the central server. The central server will compare any changes with the current data unit profile or profiles, depending if changes concern one or more data unit profiles, or to determine if changes concern all or just one or a subset of the data unit profiles. According to the invention the process commences with a first step  410  where a new data unit profile is received, either from a subscriber or internally generated due to internal and/or external conditions. Internal conditions can be that one or more data unit profiles are to have their scheduled regular update. An external condition can be a changed transfer cost of a communication network. After the first step  410 , a second step  420  compares the new data unit profile with a previous data unit profile. This is to establish what parameters are different. After the second step  420 , a third step  430  determines the impact that the new data unit profile has in view of the comparison with the previous data unit profile and in view of the data units. Maybe only one data unit profile needs an update, since all other data units do not have access to a specific communication network that has a changed parameter. Then after the third step  430 , a fourth step  440  determines if a specific data unit needs to be updated with the new data unit profile or not if there is no impact on that specific data unit in question. If a data unit profile is to be updated then in a fifth step  450  an information transfer of the new data unit profile to the data unit in question is requested. And finally in a sixth step  460  it is determined if there are more data units for which the new data unit profile could be taken into consideration, if not then this process is ended, otherwise it continues with the fourth step  440 .  
      A schematic overview of a data unit  550  and its contact interface with its surroundings according to the invention is shown in  FIG. 5 . An application  552  of the data unit  550  is coupled to a communication interface  556  and an input/output interface  554 . The input/output interface  554  is used for measurements, such as a temperature  592 , for generating external stimuli, such as turning on/off indicator lamps, and for example for receiving locational information from a GPS receiver  590 . Generation of external stimuli can be autonomously determined by the application  552  in view of received input and/or an internal/external status of for example the communication interface  556 , one of the communication modules  540 ,  542 ,  544 ,  546 ,  548 , and/or one of the communication networks  510 ,  512 ,  514 ,  516 ,  518 . The generation of external stimuli can also be set by received information from the communication interface  556  or be determined by a combination of received information from the communication interface  556  and received input and/or an internal/external status/condition.  
      The communication interface  556  is coupled to at least two communication modules  540 ,  542 ,  544 ,  546 ,  548 , each of which can transfer information  530 ,  532 ,  534 ,  536 ,  538  between the communication interface and a corresponding communication network  510 ,  512 ,  514 ,  516 ,  518 . In the example five different communication networks are illustrated. These different networks  510 ,  512 ,  514 ,  516 ,  518  represent communication networks with different coverage areas, different information transfer speeds, different information transfer costs, different information size transfer capabilities, different information transfer lag times, and different availabilities. For example, a GSM network could be overloaded and unable to accept any additional connections. Some communication networks are direct, while others buffers the information, store and forward mode, which will cause delays, lag times, which can be unacceptable for certain real time information, such as certain alarm conditions.  
      The application  552  will control the data unit  550  by making use of the communication interface  556  to thereby determine which communication module  540 ,  542 ,  544 ,  546 ,  548  is to be used for a specific information transfer.  FIG. 6  shows a flow chart of a basic method of how a data unit would provide information transfer according to the invention. The process is started in an initiation point  600 . Thereafter in a first step  610  the communication means, i.e. the communication interface and the communication modules, are initiated. Initiation of the communication means will normally involve setting up a default data unit profile for determining a basic factory set functionality, and at the same time requesting an information transfer of a new data unit profile from the central server or from elsewhere. The default data unit profile is used for these first information transfers between the data unit in question and the central server associated with it. Typically the default data unit profile will assemble a request for a new data unit profile comprising some type of identity of the data unit in question. This request will then typically be transferred to a default place on for example the internet. In response the data unit will receive a new data unit profile which among other things will then define a central server to be associated with it. In some versions according to the invention, the default data unit profile is preprogrammed with a central server and information on how to communicate with it. In some embodiments, a data unit will have a LCD interface panel, or an interface to a portable terminal, with which it is possible to either change and/or completely set up a profile for the data unit in question. Step by step help is provided to ease setting up or changing a profile.  
      After initiation, in a second step  620  it is determined if there is a reason for an information transfer or not between the data unit and a central server. If there is not, then the process will wait here until there is. This flow chart will only illustrate a push type information transfer, i.e. a data unit initiated information transfer. A polling type, when the information transfer is initiated by the central server, is not covered in this flow chart, but would basically involve the data unit opening the corresponding communication channel and receiving the information transferred, and responding as appropriate. When there is a need for an information transfer, then the process continues with a third step  640 , which determines a preferred communication means. A preferred communication means is determined from one or more parameters of the data unit profile. In some versions the data unit profile will specify a determined preferred communication means, in other versions other parameters such as transfer cost will be used in a determination. Thereafter in a fourth step  650 , the availability of the communication means is determined. A preferred communication means might not be available because the data unit is outside the coverage area of the preferred communication means. Other communication means might only be available between certain hours of the day. There are many factors which arise when determining the availability of the communication means, some versions of the invention will only take into account those that are immediately available for transmission, while other versions will calculate availability predictions for the different communication means, i.e. for how long will a communication means be available, will it be time enough to send the whole information via that communication means in that time, and how long will it be before a preferred communication means is available, the information transfer can perhaps wait until it is available? After the availability of the communication means has been determined, a fifth step  660  selects a current communication means based on the determined preferred communication means and the determined availability of the communication means. If a determined preferred communication means is determined available, then it becomes the current communication means, otherwise some of the other determined available communication means is selected according to the data unit profile. Finally in a sixth step  670  the needed information transfer between the data unit and the central server is provided.  
      There are many ways in which the method according to the invention can be improved.  FIG. 7  shows a flow chart of an enhanced method of a data unit according to the invention. This enhanced process also comprises an initiation point  700 , a first step  710  which initiates the communication means, and a second step  720 , which determines if there is a reason for an information transfer or not between the data unit and a central server. In this enhanced method the process then continues with a third step  730 , which classifies the information transfer. The classification can for example be a length of transfer and/or an urgency of transfer. Thereafter in a fourth step  740 , a preferred communication means is determined, based at least on the classification of the information transfer. For example, a maximum acceptable latency of the information transfer might rule out one or more communication means/networks. Cost could or could not play a part, for example cost might be no objection up to a predetermined limit, i.e. for short messages an expensive communication means might be the best, since it is the fastest or is available in a larger area, while for longer messages, the most suitable communication means might be one that is not always available, but a wait for it might be acceptable since it is cheaper, within the limit. Then in a fifth step  750  it is determined an availability of the communication means. Thereafter in a sixth step  760  a current communication means is selected based on the determined preferred communication means and the determined availability of the communication means. And finally in a seventh step  770  the needed information transfer between the data unit and the central server is provided.  
      Other enhancements are possible and  FIG. 8  shows a flow chart of an example of an expansion of the step  650 ,  750  of determining an availability of the communication means according to  FIG. 6  or  FIG. 7 . In a first substep  851  non-allowable communication means are marked. Non allowable might be communication means for which there is no subscription. Thereafter in a second substep  853  it is determined if a communication means is available or not. Only the allowable communication means are determined for availability. If a communication means is not available then in a third substep  855  it is determined if the communication means should be awaited and if so for how long. An information transfer might not be very urgent and the profile indicates that in such cases a preferred communication means can be awaited for a predetermined amount of time. Suitably in such cases a probability of the communication means becomming available within the allowed time is calculated and used. If a communication means is to be awaited the process continues with the second substep  853 . On the other hand if a communication means is not to be awaited for according to the third substep  855 , or if a communication means according to the second substep  853  is available then the process continues with a fourth substep  857 . The fourth substep  857  marks the availability and non-availability of a communication means. Preferably the communication means are marked with a calculated probability of time to availability and time of availability. Finally in a fifth substep  859  it is determined if there are more communication means that should have their availability determined, and in such a case to continue the process with the second substep  853  with another communication means.  
      The present invention can be put into apparatus-form either as pure hardware, as pure software or as a combination of hardware and software. If the method according to the invention is realized in the form of software, it can be completely independent or it can be one part of a larger program. The software can suitably be located in a general-purpose computer or in a dedicated computer.  
      As a summary, the invention can basically be described as a method and a system which provide means to enable transfer information between one or more data units and a central server by means of one of at least two different communication means. This is accomplished by the use of a profile which governs determination of a preferred communication means, the availability of the communication means and finally the selection of a current communication means to be used for the information transfer. The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but may be varied within the scope of the appended patent claims.  
       FIG. 1 a  schematic overview of a system according to the invention,  
       100  geographic area within which a data unit desires information transfer,  
       110  area coverage of a first communication network,  
       112  area coverage of a second communication network,  
       114  area coverage of a third communication network,  
       120  central server access to first communication network,  
       122  central server access to second communication network,  
       124  central server access to second communication network,  
       152  a first data unit/first location of a data unit,  
       154  a second data unit/second location of the data unit,  
       156  a third data unit/third location of the data unit,  
       160  central server with a database,  
       168  database of central server,  
       181  subscriber terminal,  
       183  subscriber terminal,  
       190  communication network such as the internet or the like,  
       192  communication with central server,  
       194  communication with subscriber terminal,  
       196  communication with subscriber terminal.  
       FIG. 2 a  schematic overview of a central server and its contact interface with its surroundings according to the invention,  
       210  GSM network,  
       212  GPRS CS network,  
       214  SMS network,  
       216  SAT-C network,  
       218  Local network, such as W-LAN,  
       230  central server information transfer via GSM network,  
       232  central server information transfer via GPRS CS network,  
       234  central server information transfer via SMS network,  
       236  central server information transfer via SAT-C network,  
       238  central server information transfer via Local network, such as WLAN,  
       240  central server GSM communication module,  
       242  central server GPRS CS communication module,  
       244  central server SMS communication module,  
       246  central server SAT-C communication module,  
       248  central server Local network, such as WLAN, communication module,  
       260  central server,  
       262  application(s),  
       264  subscriber communication interface module,  
       266  communication interface module,  
       268  database of central server,  
       281  subscriber terminal,  
       283  subscriber terminal,  
       290  communication network such as the internet or the like,  
       292  communication link to communication network for indirect communication with subscriber terminal,  
       294  direct communication with subscriber terminal,  
       296  indirect communication with subscriber terminal via a communication network.  
       FIG. 3 a  flow chart of a basic method of a central server according to the invention,  
       300  initiation point,  
       310  a first step of initiating the communication means,  
       320  from the first step, or from the sixth step, or no from the second step: a second step, which determines if there is a reason for an information transfer or not between the central server and a data unit,  
       340  yes from the second step: a third step, which determines a preferred communication means,  
       350  from the third step: a fourth step, which determines an availability of the communication means,  
       360  from the fourth step: a fifth step, which selects a current communication means based on the determined preferred communication means and the determined availability of the communication means,  
       370  from the fifth step: a sixth step, which provides the needed information transfer between the central server and the data unit.  
       FIG. 4 a  flow chart of an additional feature of the method of a central server according to the invention,  
       410  a first step where a new data unit profile is received, either from a subscriber or internally generated due to internal and/or external conditions,  
       420  from the first step: a second step of comparing the new data unit profile with a previous data unit profile,  
       430  from the second step: a third step of determining the impact that the new data unit profile has in view of the comparison with the previous data unit profile and in view of the data units,  
       440  from the third step, or yes from the sixth step: a fourth step, which determines if a specific data unit needs to be updated with the new data unit profile or if there is no impact on that specific data unit,  
       450  yes from the fourth step: a fifth step initiating an information transfer of the new data unit profile to the data unit in question,  
       460  from the fifth step, or no from the fourth step: a sixth step, which determines there are more data units for which the new data unit profile could be taken into consideration, if not then this process is ended, otherwise it continues with the fourth step.  
       FIG. 5 a  schematic overview of a data unit and its contact interface with its surroundings according to the invention,  
       510  GSM network,  
       512  GPRS CS network,  
       514  SMS network,  
       516  SAT-C network,  
       518  Local network, such as WLAN,  
       530  data unit information transfer via GSM network,  
       532  data unit information transfer via GPRS CS network,  
       534  data unit information transfer via SMS network,  
       536  data unit information transfer via SAT-C network,  
       538  data unit information transfer via Local network, such as WLAN,  
       540  data unit GSM communication module,  
       542  data unit GPRS CS communication module,  
       544  data unit SMS communication module,  
       546  data unit SAT-C communication module,  
       548  data unit Local network, such as WLAN, communication module,  
       550  data unit,  
       552  application,  
       554  input/output interface module,  
       556  communication interface module,  
       590  GPS module,  
       592  data retrieval/measurement module, such as a thermometer.  
       FIG. 6 a  flow chart of a basic method of a data unit according to the invention,  
       600  initiation point,  
       610  a first step of initiating the communication means,  
       620  from the first step, or from the sixth step, or no from the second step: a second step, which determines if there is a reason for an information transfer or not between the data unit and a central server,  
       640  yes from the second step: a third step, which determines a preferred communication means,  
       650  from the third step: a fourth step, which determines an availability of the communication means,  
       660  from the fourth step: a fifth step, which selects a current communication means based on the determined preferred communication means and the determined availability of the communication means,  
       670  from the fifth step: a sixth step, which provides the needed information transfer between the data unit and the central server.  
       FIG. 7 a  flow chart of an enhanced method of a data unit according to the invention,  
       700  initiation point,  
       710  a first step of initiating the communication means,  
       720  from the first step, or from the sixth step, or no from the second step: a second step, which determines if there is a reason for an information transfer or not between the data unit and a central server,  
       730  yes from the second step: a third step, which classifies the information transfer,  
       740  from the third step: a fourth step, which determines a preferred communication means based on the classification of the information transfer,  
       750  from the fourth step: a fifth step, which determines an availability of the communication means,  
       760  from the fifth step: a sixth step, which selects a current communication means based on the determined preferred communication means and the determined availability of the communication means,  
       770  from the sixth step: a seventh step, which provides the needed information transfer between the data unit and the central server.  
       FIG. 8 a  flow chart of an example of an expansion of the step of determining an availability of the communication means,  
       851  a first substep which marks non-allowable communication means,  
       853  from the first substep, yes from a third substep, or yes from a fifth substep: a second substep, which determines if a communication means is available or not,  
       855  no from the second substep: a third substep, which determines if a communication means is unavailable, if it should be awaited and if so for how long,  
       857  yes from the second substep or no from the third substep: a fourth substep, which marks the availability of a communication means,  
       859  from the fourth substep: a fifth substep, in which it is determined if there are more communication means that should have their availability determined.