Patent Publication Number: US-2022228790-A1

Title: Transportable refrigerated container and method of distribution of perishable goods

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     Continuation of International Application No. PCT/IB2020/059469 filed on Oct. 8, 2020. Priority is claimed from British Patent Application No. 1914589.5 filed on Oct. 9, 2019. Both the foregoing applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable 
     NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT 
     Not Applicable 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the distribution of perishable goods and in particular to the delivery of food from depots or warehouses to shops and restaurants. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Shops and restaurants require daily, or at least frequent, delivery of perishable goods that they purchase in bulk from wholesalers. To meet this demand, wholesalers deliver daily from their depots to the individual shops and restaurants using a refrigerated lorry or a refrigerated container transported on an articulated lorry. 
     At the warehouse, the goods are loaded onto the container or lorry in the reverse order to the location of the customers, that is to say that goods intended for the first customer to be visited are loaded on last. The lorry then travels from one customer to the next, following a planned route, until all customers have received their orders and then returns empty to the depot. In this context, “empty” is only intended to mean devoid of goods, because the lorry may carry empty containers (such as roll cages or pallets) to be returned to the depot. 
     The current method of distributing perishable goods to customers suffers from several disadvantages, of which some will now be discussed. 
     The premises to which the goods are to be delivered are often only open during regular working hours and for this reason delivery during rush hours cannot be avoided. This prolongs the working day of the lorry drivers and increases the number of lorries required to serve all customers on a daily basis. The large number of delivery lorries that are needed increases atmospheric pollution and adds to traffic congestion. 
     Traffic congestion is exacerbated by the fact that the large lorries cannot avoid blocking traffic during deliveries and time taken for each delivery can be prolonged by the need to return empty containers to the depot. This requires the lorry to be reorganized each time in order for the driver to retain access to the goods yet to be delivered. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     With a view to mitigating at least some of the foregoing disadvantages, the present invention provides in accordance with a first aspect a transportable refrigerated container having an interior chamber defined by a floor, a ceiling, a front end, a rear end and two sides, comprising a refrigeration unit for cooling the interior chamber, a plurality of partitions sub-dividing the interior chamber into separate compartments, the partitions being sufficiently sturdy to restrain movement of loaded goods during transportation of the container, and a plurality of unloading doors in at least one of the sides of the container, each door affording access only to a selected respective compartment or group of compartments, characterized in that the unloading doors are provided with different security locking mechanisms, and the partitions allow free circulation of air between the compartments whereby all the compartments are maintained at the same temperature. 
     Preferred features of the container are set out in claims  2  to  11  of the appended claims. 
     In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of distribution of perishable goods from a supply depot to a plurality of customers, utilizing a container as set out above, which method comprises,
         a) at the supply depot   (i) placing the goods on roll cages,   (ii) loading all the roll cages intended for a specific customer into the internal chamber of the container by way of a door at the rear end of the container,   (iii) erecting a partition around the load cages to form a separate compartment accessible from only a selected door, or doors, in the sides of the container,   (iv) repeating steps (i) to (iii) for remaining customers, and   (v) transporting the container to a delivery location convenient for all the customers, and   b) at the delivery location   (i) providing a plurality of delivery vehicles,   (ii) issuing the driver of each delivery vehicle with a key or code for a respective one of the doors in the sides of the container,   (iii) using the delivery vehicles to distribute the roll cages from each securely locked compartment to the intended customer, and   (iv) transporting the container back to the supply depot.       

     In carrying out the present invention, an articulated lorry is used to deliver containers to different carefully selected locations, such as car parks, each located centrally in relation to several customers. The transportation of the containers can be carried out at night, thus enabling a single articulated lorry to make several such journeys between the depot and the selected locations. Thus, fewer lorries are needed by the wholesaler. Furthermore, the lorries spend far less time in densely populated areas, and they need not travel during rush hours, thus causing less traffic congestion and reducing pollution. 
     At each location, drivers of smaller vehicles are employed to transfer goods from the refrigerated container to the customer, and these can be provided either by the wholesaler or by the customer. In either case, the goods for each customer are securely held in a compartment of the container dedicated to that customer. Therefore, roll cages carrying goods can be removed from the container and empty roll cages can be put back in the compartment, with interfering with goods intended for another customer. 
     The transfer of goods from the container to a customer can be carried out at any time convenient to the customer, and in no specific order, thereby simplifying scheduled delivery. Furthermore, as different small vehicles may be used for each customer, the cumulative effect of traffic congestion on the timing of deliveries can be avoided. 
     The container of the invention is of critical importance to the method of distribution as it converts a serial operation, i.e. one where deliveries are carried out sequentially in time, to a parallel operation where the deliveries are independent events. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will now be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view from one side and one end of a refrigerated container of the invention, 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view from one side and the opposite end of a second refrigerated container having a greater number of internal compartments, 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic drawing of the interior of the container of  FIG. 1 , as seen from the rear end, and 
         FIG. 4  is an illustration of the design of a telescopic load lock bar separating individual compartments to withstand movement of roll cages during transit. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIGS. 1 and 2  show refrigerated containers  10  intended to be loaded onto the trailer of an articulated lorry. Each container  10  has a powered refrigeration unit  12  at its front end while doors  14  at its rear end provide access to the interior chamber of the container  10 . At least one side of the container is provided with multiple security doors  16  each affording access to a respective compartment within the interior chamber. The containers of  FIGS. 1 and 2  differ from one another only in that the container of  FIG. 2  has a greater number of doors  16  and internal compartments. 
     Individual compartments are formed within the interior chamber of the container by movable partitions that are shown in, and will be described by reference to  FIG. 3 . The partitions comprise mesh walls or screens  20  that are each permanently anchored by one edge to a side wall of the container  10  and are releasably connected at their opposite edge to the opposite side wall by means of cleats, carabiners, padlocks, cable ties or any suitable secure releasable attachment. The upper edge of each mesh wall may additionally to be suspended by straps  24  to a bar  22  extending between the opposite sides of the container to prevent the mesh wall  20  from sagging. Once both edges of the mesh partition wall have been secured to the opposite sides of the container, the mesh wall  20  may be tensioned using a ratchet mechanism, which may be lockable. 
     The mesh wall shown in  FIG. 3  is formed of interwoven straps leaving large openings for refrigerated air to pass freely between the compartments, to maintain all the compartments at the same temperature. Alternative constructions of the mesh walls can be envisaged, it being only necessary for the walls to allow free air circulation and to act as a physical barrier between compartments, both for goods and for personnel. 
     Additionally, adjacent compartments are separated from one another by at least one load lock bar  30 , as shown in more detail in  FIG. 4 . The load lock bar is a telescopically collapsible bar  30  made up to two sections  32  and  34 , biased by means of an internal spring  36  in a direction to extend the bar. The ends of the bar  30  are received in holes in hat-shaped channels  38  secured to the two sides of the container. 
     The container  10  is intended for transporting food, or other perishable goods, loaded onto wheeled roll cages  40 . The tensioned mesh partition walls  20  are intended to define separate compartments and to prevent the roll cages from rolling along the length of the interior chamber of the container. The load lock bars  30  can be used to anchor the rolls cages  40  to prevent them from moving from side to side. 
     The roll cages  40  may be fitted with conventional casters. Some casters may optionally be fitted with brakes, but this is not essential as it is preferred to rely on anchoring of the roll cages to the load lock bars  30 . 
     At the depot, the lorry carrying the container  40  is reversed into a loading bay and the rear doors  14  are opened to allow access to the interior chamber. After opening the mesh wall partitions and emptying the interior chamber of any returned roll cages, fresh roll cages carrying food intended for any one of the customers are rolled into the chamber and moved as far forward as possible. A load lock bar  30  is connected between the side walls of the container and the roll cages are connected to it. Finally, one of the mesh walls  20  is drawn across to form a compartment that can only be accessed from the first side door  16  of the container. This process may then be repeated for the remaining customers and the remaining side doors, with no necessity for the loading to be carried out in any particular order. 
     Once the container has been filled, the container  40  is transported to a remote location, such as a car park, which is convenient for all the customers, being for example no more than fifteen to thirty minutes away from any one of the customers. There, the container can be connected to a power supply to enable the goods to be kept fresh until such time as they are collected and delivered to the customers. While at the remote location, the goods are secure as all the doors are fitted with secure locking mechanisms and can only be opened by authorized personnel. 
     The authorized personnel are delivery drivers employed either by the customer or the wholesaler. Delivery drivers may have vehicles much smaller than an articulated lorry as they are each only required to deliver to one customer. On arrival at the remote location, each delivery driver is afforded access only to the goods purchased by one customer. 
     It is desirable for the container to be fitted with safety system to safeguard against certain events, such one of the doors being opened or left open, light being detected within the internal chamber, movement being detected in the internal chamber, or the temperature in the chamber being sensed to lie outside a predetermined range. The safety system is intended to ensure that all goods remain correctly refrigerated until such time as they are collected for delivery and can communicate with a monitoring station, such as by using a telephone or internet connection, to alert a monitoring station of any problem. 
     To prevent goods intended for a customer from being removed from a roll cage, for example by someone reaching through a hole in the partition walls  20 , it is desirable, as a first security measure, for all rolls cages to be enclosed. Sealing of the roll cages can be achieved by shrink wrapping, or more preferably by means of thermal covers fitted with zip fasteners that would also serve to keep the roll cages refrigerated during the last stage of transportation. Such sealing is sufficient to prevent pilfering and can also provide a visual indication of tampering. 
     To safeguard against more serious criminal activity, the interior and optionally also the exterior of the container may be monitored by cameras that record any activity within, or in the vicinity of, the container. 
     The side doors  16  are each fitted with a secure locking mechanism that can only be opened by authorized personnel delivering goods contained in the accessed compartment to a specific customer, to whom the goods are to be delivered. The secure locking mechanism may be opened by means of a mechanical key but more preferably it takes the form of an electronic lock released by means of secure code. In the latter case, the code may either be entered using a keypad, such as the keypad  18  shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , or by wireless transmission, for example using a mobile telephone. In all cases, the identity of a person opening a door is known from the key or the code used to open the door and, if desired, a record may be kept of all personnel accessing the interior chamber of the container. 
     The electronic code used to gain access to a side door  16  may be temporary and only valid for a set period of time. For example, a person authorized to gain access to a side door  16  may request or be given a code only valid for the day on which they require entry. The access codes may be communicated to the container  10  using a server-based system, thereby allowing the code to be changed remotely either once the period of time has ended, or when the authorized person has used their code to access a door. 
     In embodiments using a keypad to allow entry, only one keypad  18  need be provided on the container  10 , the keypad being capable of operating the locks of all side doors  16  independently. The door release system may have some features to improve security, such as being able to log forced openings and unsuccessful access attempts. 
     After accessing a compartment, the delivery driver transfers the roll cages to be delivered to the specific customer onto a smaller vehicle, such as a van rather than a lorry, and places back into the compartment any roll cages to be returned to the depot from the customer. This delivery can be carried out at a time of day to suit the customer and the job of the delivery driver is simplified as it is not necessary to follow a specific route nor to adhere to a timetable. 
     To assist the delivery driver in moving roll cages off and onto the container  40 , a ramp  50  is provided behind each side door  16 , to allow the roll cages  40  to be removed easily from the container  10 . 
     Each ramp  50  is fixed to the floor of the container  10  using hinges  52 . The hinges  52  allow the ramp to pivot between two configurations, one being a vertical storage configuration (as shown in  FIG. 3 ) in which it lies within the container stacked against the side door  16  when closed, the other being a deployed configuration that can be adopted once the side door  16  is open in which a free end of the ramp rests on the ground. The ramp comprises a frame connected to the hinges, and a plate supported by the frame to provide a surface on which a roll cage  40  can be moved. 
     The frame may take the form of a conventional ladder frame, comprising two parallel rails connected by cross members. The frame may be made of any material or cross section capable of withstanding the load of a roll cage  40 . One example of a suitable material is mild steel box section. 
     The plate is attached to the chassis by any conventional means, such as welding, riveting, bolting etc. The plate advantageously sits below the level of the rails so that the rails provide a barrier to prevent a roll cage  40  falling off one side of the ramp. The plate may be manufactured from a high grip surface such as aluminum chequer plate (also known as tread plate). 
     The plate may have an angled portion so that when the ramp is in its deployed configuration, the angled portion meets the lip of the door frame and lies in the same plane as the floor of the container  10 . Similarly, the rails may be chamfered at the end to allow the edge of the plate to contact the ground. 
     A slot in the plate may be provided to enable the user to maneuver the ramp more easily between its configurations. Further, an additional operating handle may be provided on the underside of the plate to aid moving the ramp. 
     It will be seen from the foregoing description that the invention offers numerous improvements in efficiency, both for the wholesaler and the customers, while at the same time reducing damage to the environment. Fewer large lorries are required by the wholesaler, journeys can be timed to avoid heavy traffic, and all customers can receive their orders at a time convenient to them rather than a time dictated by the route to be followed by a delivery driver.