Patent Publication Number: US-9904945-B2

Title: Business channel synchronization

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 11/566,117, filed on Dec. 1, 2006, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present application relates generally to the technical field of data processing and, in one specific example, to business channel synchronization in network based commerce systems. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In typical networked-based publication systems, a buyer can enter a commerce system&#39;s web-site and from the listings published in the web-site, select a desired listing and participate, if the listing is on auction, in the bidding process. The bidding process starts by entering the website and watching the last bid before deciding to bid on a specific listing. In other words, buyers typically interact with the commerce system through the website and are able to see, on any listing, the latest updates uploaded by the seller. 
     Sellers may have access to other tools provided by the networked-based commerce systems in the form of offline client applications. An example of such a client application is eBay Turbo Lister. Using these offline tools, sellers can introduce new listings by entering information on a specific listing, such as: listing description, start price, type of sale (fixed-price vs. auction), auction start time, auction duration, etc. Sellers may be able to update their online listings, from the client application. Moreover, listing revisions, for the most part, are done on a one-off basis and are manual and tedious for the user. Any entering of a new listing or editing of the existing listings does not affect the online data on the web site until it is manually uploaded by the seller to the system. 
     The synchronization of data between a network-based publication (or data) system and its client applications, or between a client application and multiple data or publication systems present a number of technical challenges. For example, editing of active listings directly from within the client application and having access to the latest information, as displayed on the site, from a client application. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Some embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a network diagram depicting a client-server system within which one example embodiment may be deployed; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating multiple applications that, in one example embodiment are provided as part of the networked system; 
         FIG. 3  is a high-level flow diagram illustrating an example embodiment of updating data related to a user listing; 
         FIG. 4  is a high-level flow diagram illustrating an example embodiment of a method for synchronized updating of the data related to a user listing; 
         FIG. 5  is a high-level flow diagram illustrating an example embodiment of a method for client application synchronizing to a commerce system; 
         FIG. 6  is a flow diagram illustrating an example embodiment of a method for a network-base commerce system synchronizing with a client application; 
         FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating an example embodiment of method for a real-time client application-commerce system synchronization; 
         FIG. 8  is a flow diagram illustrating an example embodiment of a method for a client application-commerce system synchronization including pre-synchronization; 
         FIG. 9  is a diagrammatic representation of an example embodiment of a client system capable of synchronizing with a server system; 
         FIG. 10  is a diagrammatic representation of an example embodiment of a server system capable of synchronizing with a client application; 
         FIG. 11  is a screen shot illustrating an example embodiment of an initial synchronization dialog box; 
         FIG. 12  is a screen shot illustrating an example Active Listings view of a client application window related to a real time synchronization; 
         FIG. 13  is a screen shot illustrating an example active listings view of a client application window related to scheduled synchronization; 
         FIG. 14  is a screen shot illustrating an example view of a synchronize toolbar of a client application window; 
         FIG. 15  is a screen shot illustrating in an example view of an options and preferences dialog-box; 
         FIG. 16  is a block diagram illustrating an example embodiment of synchronization between a client and a plurality of commerce systems; 
         FIG. 17  is a high-level entity-relationship diagram illustrating various tables maintained within the databases; and 
         FIG. 18  is a block diagram illustrating a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a computer system. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Example methods and systems to synchronize the data between a server system and its client applications, or between a client application and multiple server systems are described. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of example embodiments. It will be evident, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. 
     A method and a system of business channel synchronization are provided. In one example embodiment, a networked system (e.g., network-based commerce system or a network-base publication system) may receive, via a network and from a client application, update data related to a user listing, update a record related to the user listing, utilizing the received update data; and communicate, via the network, an update data reflecting a further update to the record related to the user listing to the client application. 
     In one example embodiment, a user may synchronize the user&#39;s listing data from a client application to one or more network-based commerce systems. In an alternative example embodiment the user may synchronize the user&#39;s listing data from one or more network-based commerce systems to a client application. 
     The synchronization of the network-based commerce system with the client application enable selling managers, from a remote location, to be able to simultaneously see the information entered into the client applications by seller agents, for which they are responsible. The managers or their agents may benefit from the integration of simultaneous access to the latest information on the sales of their listings to the client application by increased efficiency. 
     Platform Architecture 
       FIG. 1  is a network diagram depicting a client-server system  100 , within which one example embodiment may be deployed. A networked system  102 , in the example forms of a network-based marketplace or publication system, provides server-side functionality, via a network  104  (e.g., the Internet or Wide Area Network (WAN)) to one or more clients.  FIG. 1  illustrates, for example, a web client  106  (e.g., a browser, such as the WINDOWS® INTERNET EXPLORER® browser developed by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash. State), and a programmatic client  108  executing on respective client machines  110  and  112 . 
     An Application Program Interface (API) server  114  and a web server  116  are coupled to, and provide programmatic and web interfaces respectively to, one or more application servers  118 . The application servers  118  host one or more marketplace applications  120  and payment applications  122 . The application servers  118  are, in turn, shown to be coupled to one or more databases servers  124  that facilitate access to one or more databases  126 . 
     The marketplace applications  120  may provide a number of marketplace functions and services to users that access the networked system  102 . The payment applications  122  may likewise provide a number of payment services and functions to users. The payment applications  122  may allow users to accumulate value (e.g., in a commercial currency, such as the U.S. dollar, or a proprietary currency, such as “points”) in accounts, and then later to redeem the accumulated value for products (e.g., goods or services) that are made available via the marketplace applications  120 . While the marketplace and payment applications  120  and  122  are shown in  FIG. 1  to both form part of the networked system  102 , it will be appreciated that, in alternative embodiments, the payment applications  122  may form part of a payment service that is separate and distinct from the networked system  102 . 
     Further, while the system  100  shown in  FIG. 1  employs a client-server architecture, the present invention is of course not limited to such an architecture, and could equally well find application in a distributed, or peer-to-peer, architecture system, for example. The various marketplace and payment applications  120  and  122  could also be implemented as standalone software programs, which do not necessarily have networking capabilities. 
     The web client  106  accesses the various marketplace and payment applications  120  and  122  via the web interface supported by the web server  116 . Similarly, the programmatic client  108  accesses the various services and functions provided by the marketplace and payment applications  120  and  122  via the programmatic interface provided by the API server  114 . The programmatic client  108  may, for example, be a seller application (e.g., the Turbo Lister application developed by eBay Inc., of San Jose, Calif.) to enable sellers to author and manage listings on the networked system  102  in an off-line manner, and to perform batch-mode communications between the programmatic client  108  and the networked system  102 . 
       FIG. 1  also illustrates a third party application  128 , executing on a third party server machine  130 , as having programmatic access to the networked system  102  via the programmatic interface provided by the API server  114 . For example, the third party application  128  may, utilizing information retrieved from the networked system  102 , support one or more features or functions on a website hosted by the third party. The third party website may, for example, provide one or more promotional, marketplace or payment functions that are supported by the relevant applications of the networked system  102 . 
     Marketplace Applications 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating multiple applications  120  and  122  that, in one example embodiment, are provided as part of the networked system  102 . The applications  120  may be hosted on dedicated or shared server machines (not shown) that are communicatively coupled to enable communications between server machines. The applications themselves are communicatively coupled (e.g., via appropriate interfaces) to each other and to various data sources, so as to allow information to be passed between the applications or so as to allow the applications to share and access common data. The applications may furthermore access server one or more database(s)  126  via the database server(s)  128 . 
     The networked system  102  may provide a number of publishing, listing and price-setting mechanisms whereby a seller may list (or publish information concerning) goods or services for sale, a buyer can express interest in or indicate a desire to purchase such goods or services, and a price can be set for a transaction pertaining to the goods or services. To this end, the marketplace applications  120  are shown to include at least one publication application  200  and one or more auction applications  202  which support auction-format listing and price setting mechanisms (e.g., English, Dutch, Vickrey, Chinese, Double, Reverse auctions etc.). The various auction applications  202  may also provide a number of features in support of such auction-format listings, such as a reserve price feature whereby a seller may specify a reserve price in connection with a listing and a proxy-bidding feature whereby a bidder may invoke automated proxy bidding. 
     A number of fixed-price applications  204  support fixed-price listing formats (e.g., the traditional classified advertisement-type listing or a catalogue listing) and buyout-type listings. Specifically, buyout-type listings (e.g., including the Buy-It-Now (BIN) technology developed by eBay Inc., of San Jose, Calif.) may be offered in conjunction with auction-format listings, and allow a buyer to purchase goods or services, which are also being offered for sale via an auction, for a fixed-price that is typically higher than the starting price of the auction. 
     Store applications  206  allow a seller to group listings within a “virtual” store, which may be branded and otherwise personalized by and for the seller. Such a virtual store may also offer promotions, incentives and features that are specific and personalized to a relevant seller. 
     Reputation applications  208  allow users that transact, utilizing the networked system  102 , to establish, build and maintain reputations, which may be made available and published to potential trading partners. Consider that where, for example, the networked system  102  supports person-to-person trading, users may otherwise have no history or other reference information whereby the trustworthiness and credibility of potential trading partners may be assessed. The reputation applications  208  allow a user, for example through feedback provided by other transaction partners, to establish a reputation within the networked system  102  over time. Other potential trading partners may then reference such a reputation for the purposes of assessing credibility and trustworthiness. 
     Personalization applications  210  allow users of the networked system  102  to personalize various aspects of their interactions with the networked system  102 . For example a user may, utilizing an appropriate personalization application  210 , create a personalized reference page at which information regarding transactions to which the user is (or has been) a party may be viewed. Further, a personalization application  210  may enable a user to personalize listings and other aspects of their interactions with the networked system  102  and other parties. 
     The networked system  102  may support a number of marketplaces that are customized, for example, for specific geographic regions. A version of the networked system  102  may be customized for the United Kingdom, whereas another version of the networked system  102  may be customized for the United States. Each of these versions may operate as an independent marketplace, or may be customized (or internationalized) presentations of a common underlying marketplace. The networked system  102  may accordingly include a number of internationalization applications  212  that customize information (and/or the presentation of information) by the networked system  102  according to predetermined criteria (e.g., geographic, demographic or marketplace criteria). For example, the internationalization applications  212  may be used to support the customization of information for a number of regional websites that are operated by the networked system  102  and that are accessible via respective web servers  116 . 
     Navigation of the networked system  102  may be facilitated by one or more navigation applications  214 . For example, a search application (as an example of a navigation application) may enable key word searches of listings published via the networked system  102 . A browse application may allow users to browse various category, catalogue, or inventory data structures according to which listings may be classified within the networked system  102 . Various other navigation applications may be provided to supplement the search and browsing applications. 
     In order to make listings, available via the networked system  102 , as visually informing and attractive as possible, the marketplace applications  120  may include one or more imaging applications  216  utilizing which users may upload images for inclusion within listings. An imaging application  216  also operates to incorporate images within viewed listings. The imaging applications  216  may also support one or more promotional features, such as image galleries that are presented to potential buyers. For example, sellers may pay an additional fee to have an image included within a gallery of images for promoted items. 
     Listing creation applications  218  allow sellers conveniently to author listings pertaining to goods or services that they wish to transact via the networked system  102 , and listing management applications  220  (also referred to as “listing management module”) allow sellers to manage such listings. Specifically, where a particular seller has authored and/or published a large number of listings, the management of such listings may present a challenge. The listing management applications  220  provide a number of features (e.g., auto-relisting, inventory level monitors, etc.) to assist the seller in managing such listings. One or more post-listing management applications  222  also assist sellers with a number of activities that typically occur as post-listing. For example, upon completion of an auction facilitated by one or more auction applications  202 , a seller may wish to leave feedback regarding a particular buyer. To this end, a post-listing management application  222  may provide an interface to one or more reputation applications  208 , so as to allow the seller conveniently to provide feedback regarding multiple buyers to the reputation applications  208 . 
     Dispute resolution applications  224  provide mechanisms whereby disputes arising between transacting parties may be resolved. For example, the dispute resolution applications  224  may provide guided procedures whereby the parties are guided through a number of steps in an attempt to settle a dispute. In the event that the dispute cannot be settled via the guided procedures, the dispute may be escalated to a third party mediator or arbitrator. 
     A number of fraud prevention applications  226  implement fraud detection and prevention mechanisms to reduce the occurrence of fraud within the networked system  102 . 
     Messaging applications  228  are responsible for the generation and delivery of messages to users of the networked system  102 , such messages for example advising users regarding the status of listings at the networked system  102  (e.g., providing “outbid” notices to bidders during an auction process or to provide promotional and merchandising information to users). Respective messaging applications  228  may utilize any one of a number of message delivery networks and platforms to deliver messages to users. For example, messaging applications  228  may deliver electronic mail (e-mail), instant message (IM), Short Message Service (SMS), text, facsimile, or voice (e.g., Voice over IP (VoIP)) messages via the wired (e.g., the Internet), Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), or wireless (e.g., mobile, cellular, WiFi, WiMAX) networks. 
     Merchandising applications  230  support various merchandising functions that are made available to sellers to enable sellers to increase sales via the networked system  102 . The merchandising applications  80  also operate the various merchandising features that may be invoked by sellers, and may monitor and track the success of merchandising strategies employed by sellers. 
     The networked system  102  itself, or one or more parties that transact via the networked system  102 , may operate loyalty programs that are supported by one or more loyalty/promotions applications  232 . For example, a buyer may earn loyalty or promotions points for each transaction established and/or concluded with a particular seller, and may be offered a reward for which accumulated loyalty points can be redeemed. 
     Flowcharts 
       FIG. 3  is a high-level flow diagram, illustrating an example embodiment of a method  300  of updating data related to a user listing. The example embodiment involves updating, by a commerce system  330 , of one or more records related to a user listing, based on the data received from a client application  310  using the following operations. The client application  310  and the commerce system may communicate via the network  104  (e.g., the Internet). 
     From the client application  310 , a user may, inter alia, create the first update data by generating new listing or modifying an existing listing (operation  312 ). For example, a user may edit an existing listing by modifying some of the attributes of the listing, such as extending the end date, changing asking price, etc. 
     The user then, from the client application  310 , may upload (operation  314 ) the first update data to the commerce system  330  via network  104 . 
     In example embodiments, the first update data may include a description of the user listing, a modification of the description included in the user listing, or removal of the user listing from publication by the network-based commerce system. 
     At operation  332 , the commerce system  330  may receive the first update data from the client application  310  via network  104 . Based on the received data, at operation  334 , the commerce system  330  may update a first record related to the user listing. The client application  310  may have uploaded updates for more than one listing, thus at update operation  334 , one or more records related to the user listing may be changed depending on the data received from the client application  310 . 
     The modification or updates to the data related to the user listing may be stored in the database(s)  126  ( FIG. 1 ) and made available online to a web client  340  via the web server  116  of  FIG. 1  (operation  336 ). The user may then enter, via network  104 , the network-base commerce system  330  using the web client  340  and through operation  342  observe the updates in the listing 
       FIG. 4  is a high-level flow diagram, illustrating an example embodiment of a method  400  for synchronized updating of the data related to a user listing. The example method  400  involves synchronization between a client application  410  and a commerce system  420 , wherein the data related to a user listing received from the client application  410  may be used to update the existing record(s) related to that listing and all changes in the commerce system  420  may be automatically reflected in data stored by the client application  410 . 
     At operation  412 , the user may use the client application  412  to introduce a new listing or create a first update (e.g., edit an existing listing and possibly modifying some of the attributes of the listing such as extending the end date, changing asking price, etc.), At operation  414 , the user may use the client application  410  to upload (operation  414 ), via network  104 , the first update data to the commerce system  420 . The upload operation  414  may include a synchronization command to the commerce system  420  specifying a time for synchronization (e.g., updating one or more record(s) related to a user listing(s), based on the data uploaded via the client application) to take place. 
     At operation  422 , the commerce system  420  may receive the first update data (e.g., listing modifications) from the client application  410 , and based on that and, according to the specifics of the synchronization command, at operation  424  the commerce system  420  may update a first record related to the user listing (e.g., synchronize the commerce system  420  with client application  410 ). 
     The client application  410  may have uploaded updates for more than one listing, thus at update operation  424 , one or more records related to the user listing may be changed depending on the data received from the client application  410 . 
     The modification or updates in the data related to the user listing may be stored in the database(s)  126  ( FIG. 1 ) and also used to alter the content of the web page associated to that listing on the commerce system  420  web site at operation  426 . The page is made available online to the web clients via the web server  116  of the networked system  102  ( FIG. 1 ). 
     In the example embodiment  400 , the commerce system  420  may also, at a download synchronization operation  426 , communicate, via the API server  114  ( FIG. 1 ), second update data to the client application  410 . 
     In an example embodiment, the second update data may include data related to a sale of an offering that is the subject of the user listing in an auction or as a fixed price listing. In another example embodiment, the second update data may include data related to a current bid related to the user listing offered for sale in the commerce system. In another example embodiment, the second update data may include data related to a message communicated by the client application (e.g., email messages communicated between prospect buyers or real buyers and the seller or between the commerce system and the seller). 
     In another example embodiment, the second update data may reflect a further update to the first record related to the user listing including updates to the data related to a user listing (e.g. changes following the synchronization of the commerce system  420  with the client application  410 ). 
     The client application  410  may receive the second update data from the API server  114 , via the network  104  (e.g., the Internet), and at operation  416 , update a second record related to the user listing using the second update data received from the networked-based commerce system  420 . The operation  416  may include updating more than one record related to the user listing(s), depending on the updates received from the commerce system  420 . 
       FIG. 5  is a high-level flow diagram, illustrating an example embodiment of a client application-commerce system synchronization process  500 . At the client application side, the process  500  starts at operation  510 , with the client application  410  transmitting (e.g., uploading) first listing data pertaining to a user listing to the commerce system  420  via the network  104  (e.g., the Internet). The first listing data may include revisions on an existing listing data such as modifications of some of the attributes of the listing (e.g., including but not limited to extending the end date, changing asking price, etc.). 
     At operation  512 , a client application  420  may receive from the commerce system  420 , via the network  104  (e.g., the Internet), second listing data pertaining to the listing (e.g., the update data communicated by the commerce system  420 ). Based on the received data from the commerce system  420 , the client application  410  may update one or more records for the listing(s) maintained at the client application (operation  514 ). This updating may constitute synchronization of the client application  410  with commerce system  420  and may facilitate the user&#39;s access to updates on the listings without the need for logging onto the commerce system web site. 
     At the commerce system side, the example process  500  starts with operation  520 . In this operation, the commerce system  420 , receives first update data (e.g., uploaded by the client application  410  in operation  510 ) related to a user listings, the first update data being received via the network  104  from the client application  410 . The update data may include data related to more than one listing or modification of one or more attributes of one or more listings. 
     At operation  522 , based on the first update data received from the client application  410  in operation  520 , a first record related to the first user listing update is updated at the commerce system  420 . The update may involve one or more records, based on the first update data received from the client application  410 , if such data pertains to more than one listing. This operation may constitute synchronization of the commerce system  420  with the client application  410 . 
     The modification or updates in the data related to the user listing may be stored in the database(s)  126  ( FIG. 1 ) and also used to alter the content of the web page related to that listing on the commerce system  420  web site. The synchronized listing data may be made accessible to the on line users via web server  116  of  FIG. 1 . 
     At the next operation  524 , the commerce system  420  may communicate, second update data, reflecting a further update to the first record related to the user listing, to the client application  410  via the network  104 . This operation may include performing updates to the data related to a user listing, including making changes following the synchronization of the commerce system  420  with the client application  410 , bidding data (e.g. current bid), sales data or messages communicated by the client application, such as email messages. 
       FIG. 6  is a flow diagram, illustrating an example embodiment of a method  600  for a network-base commerce system to synchronize with a client application. The example method  600  includes operations  602  through  612 . At operation  602 , the commerce system  420  receives first update data related to a user listing uploaded by the client application  410 . 
     At decision operation  604 , the commerce system  420  may check to see whether a synchronization command has been received. If no synchronization command has been received, the commerce system  420  may wait for a synchronization command before performing any synchronization. Otherwise, if a synchronization command has been received, at operation  606 , the commerce system  420  may synchronize a first record related to the first user listing using the first update data received from the client application  410  (e.g., uploaded by the client application  410  in operation  510 ). The update may include data related to more than one listing or modification of one or more attributes of one or more listings. 
     At operation  608 , the commerce system  420  may communicate second update data reflecting further an update to the first record. This operation may include making updates to the data related to a user listing, including making changes following the synchronization of the commerce system  420  with the client application  410 , or as result of new bids, change of status, such as listing being sold, etc. 
     The next operation  610  may involve updating one or more records for the user listing maintained at the client application  410 , using the second listing data (e.g., the bidding data, sale of an offering that is the subject of the user listing, and messages communicated by the client application, such as email messages) communicated by the commerce system  420  to the client application  410 . This operation may constitute synchronization of the client application  410  with commerce system  420 . The client application  410  may make all updates accessible to the user at operation  612 . This may help the user to access updates on the listings, without any extra time and effort spent logging into the commerce system  420  to see the update. 
       FIG. 7  is a flow diagram, illustrating an example embodiment of a method  700  for a real-time client application-commerce system synchronization. The example method  700  starts at operation  710 , with a user may be creating one or more listings or modify attributes of one or more listings, and uploading such data to the commerce system  420 . The uploading may include transmitting the data via the network  104  to the commerce system  420 . The client application  410  may, following the upload, send a synchronization command to the commerce system  420 , in order to have the commerce system  420  automatically synchronize to the uploaded data (operation  712 ). 
     At operation  714 , the client application  410  presents the user with one or more active listings in a grid view showing, inter alia, title, start price, number of bids, number of watchers, questions, listing time left, and end time. From this view, the user may update any selected listings as desired (operation  716 ). 
     At the next operation  718 , the updated listing(s) may be placed in a “pending revision” status (see  FIG. 13 ). The user may then click on “Synchronize Now” button to synchronize, at operation  720 , updated versions of listing data as stored by the web site with the revised versions of listing data as uploaded by the client application  410 . This operation causes the client application  410  to send, via the network a synchronization command to the commerce system  420 . Thereafter, at operation  722 , the synchronization operation may be performed, and all the listings shown as pending revision may be revised on the commerce system  420 . 
       FIG. 8  is a flow diagram, illustrating an example embodiment of a method  800  for a client application-commerce system synchronization including pre-synchronization checks. Prior to synchronization, at operation  810 , a synchronization engine (module  916  in  FIG. 9  described below) may determine the Central Processing Unit (CPU) speed, total memory, available memory, bandwidth available and the operating system of the client machine. This is referred to as “machine census” (see operation  810 ). The synchronization engine  916  may also determine, at operation  820 , the approximate number of items it needs to synchronize from both the client application  410  and the commerce system  420 . This number is referred to as “records census.” 
     At operation  830 , the synchronization engine  916  may determine the number of connections it needs to open to begin the synchronization process by examining the machine and records censuses. The number of connections used may vary depending on the machine and records censuses. A matrix may be created to determine the optimal number of connections to open and at operation  840 , and the synchronization engine  916  dynamically assigns the appropriate number of connections to the synchronization job. Before the initial synchronization begins, the user may be presented with the number of records that will be processed and the approximate amount of time this will take. 
     In the next operation  850 , a synchronization process indicator may be displayed to show that the synchronization is occurring. The user may be able to see the synched listings as they appear in the client application&#39;s “Active Listings” (see operation  860 ). 
     System Architecture 
       FIG. 9  is a diagrammatic representation of an example embodiment of a client system  910  capable of synchronizing with a commerce system. The client system  910  may synchronize with the commerce system  920  by communicating data via the network  104 . The client system  910  may include a listing manager  914 , an upload module  912 , a synchronization engine  916 , a user interface  920 , and a communication module  918 . 
     The listing manager  914  may be responsible for handling user listing information, including receiving and communicating the data within the modules in the client system  910 . The listing manager  914  may receive inputs from any of the user interface  920 , the communication module  918 , and the synchronization module  916 . 
     The inputs from the user interface may include new listings with their attributes (e.g., price, quantity, specification, start time, end time, etc.), any modification on the previous listings such as change in certain attributes such as end time if the listing is active, and in case the listing is not yet active, changes in any other attributes or even withdrawal of the listing from sale. 
     The inputs from the communication module  918  may include update data reflecting the changes in the user listing records received from the commerce system  920 . 
     The listing manager  914  may also receive control signals from the synchronization module  916 . These signals may include commands to receive updates from the communication module  918 , or to transfer updates or data related to new listings to the upload module  912 . 
     The upload module  912  may receive updates or new data related to the user listings and upon receipt of a control signal from the synchronization engine  916 , it may transfer the data to the communication module  918  to be communicated, via the network  104 , to the commerce system  104 . 
     The synchronization engine  916  may play the role of a control module, receiving control inputs from the user interface  920  and sending control signals to the listing manager  914 , the upload module  912 , and the communication module  918 . The inputs from the user interface  920  may include synchronization related data such as commands to send updates to the commerce system  920  or data related to a scheduled time for such synchronization. The input to the synchronization engine  916  may also include commands related to synchronization of the client system with the commerce system  920  (e.g., updates received from the commerce system  920 ). 
     The control signal outputs to the listing manager  914  may include commands to receive updates from the communication module  918  or to transfer updates or data related to new listings to the upload module  912 . The control signal output to the upload module  912  may include commands to transfer data to the communication module. The control signal outputs to the communication module  918  may include commands to communicate data to or receive data from the commerce system  920 , via the network  104 . 
     The synchronization engine  916  may also perform other tasks, as explained under the description of  FIG. 8 , including performing the machine census and the records census, and dynamically assigning a number of connections to the synchronization jobs. 
     The communication module  918  may receive synchronization control signal from the synchronization module  916  and listing data from the upload module  912 . This module  918  may communicate data, via network  104 , to the commerce system  920 . The communication may include transmitting user listing updates received from the upload module  912  to the commerce system  104  and receiving updates occurring at the commerce system  920  (e.g., the bidding data, sales data, and messages communicated by the client application, such as email messages) from that system. Other tasks performed by the communication module  918  may include transferring the updates received from the commerce system  920  to the listing manager  914 . 
       FIG. 10  is a block diagram  1000  of an example embodiment of a commerce system  920  capable of synchronizing with a client application. The commerce system  920  may synchronize with the client system  910  by communicating data via the network  104 . The commerce system  920  may include a listing management application  220 , a synchronization module  924 , an API server  114 , a database server  124 , and a listing database  126 . 
     The listing management application  220  may allow sellers to manage seller listings. Specifically, where a particular seller has authored and/or published a large number of listings, the management of such listings may present a challenge. The listing management applications  220  may provide a number of features (e.g., auto-relisting, inventory level monitors, etc.) to assist the seller in managing such listings. 
     In the context of the example commerce system representation  920 , the listing management application  220  may receive update data from the API server  114  and control signals from the synchronization module  924 . It may also receive data from the database server  124 . The update data received from the API server  114  may include data received, via the network  104 , from the client application  910 . The control signal received by the listing management application  220  from the synchronization module  924  may include a command to synchronize the commerce system  920  with the updates received from the client application  910 . 
     The listing management application  220  may request and receive data from the listing database  126  via the database server  124 . Such data may include updated user listing data records to be communicated to the client application in a download synchronization operation  428  (see  FIG. 4 ). The listing management application  220  may send listing update data to API server  114  and to the database server  124 . The synchronization module  924  configures synchronization process by receiving timing data specifying the start of the synchronization (e.g., scheduled timing information related to such synchronization to be performed in the future) from the API server  114  and accordingly sending proper commands to the listing management application  220  to start synchronization. 
     The API server  114  may provide the client system  910  with a programmatic access to the commerce system  920 , via the network  104 . The API server  114  may receive the user listing data uploaded by the client system  910  and may transfer the data to the listing management application  220 . This data may include new listings with their attributes (e.g., price, quantity, specification, start time, end time, etc.), any modification on the previous listings such as change in certain attributes such as end time, if the listing is active, and in case the listing is not yet active, change in any other attributes or even withdrawal of the listing from sale 
     The API server  114  may also receive listing update data from the listing management application  220 , and communicate them, via the network  104 , to the client system  910 . The API server  114  may transfer the user listing data received from the client system  910  to the listing management application  220 . It may also transfer synchronization commands or timing data related to start of synchronization process to be performed in the future, received from the client system  920 , to the synchronization module  924 . 
     The database server  124  may facilitate access to the listing database(s)  126 . In the context of the example commerce system representation  920 , the database server  120  is coupled to the listing management application  220  and, therefore, facilitates storage into the listing database  126  of data received from the listing management application  220 , and also retrieval of the data needed by the listing management application  220  from the listing database  126 . 
     User Interfaces 
       FIG. 11  is a screen shot, illustrating of an example embodiment of an initial synchronization dialog box  1100 . If no initial synchronization has taken place at the time the user uploads first listings to the site, the client application  410  may prompt the user to ask whether the user wants to synchronize listing activities. The user may change the settings for the synchronization by using the dialog box  1100 , which is presented to the user after clicking Tools and then Options &amp; Preferences in the client application main window. In the dialog box  1100 , check box controls under Synchronize with Site (item  1120 ) are provided for the user to select the type of items desired to synchronize with the commerce system site. The default is to have the Active Listings and Unsold listings checkboxes checked. The date range drop down menu  1110  allows the user to select the desired date range to retrieve listings. In the example shown, the selected “last 30 days” may indicate that the user wants to include in the synchronization process the listing data (e.g., active listing, sold, or unsold listings as shown under  1120 ) created within last 30 days. 
     Transaction synchronization from the client system  910  to the commerce system  920  (e.g., synchronizing revised listings in the client system  910  to the listings listed on the site) may take place using three different methods. These methods may include: 1) Real time (synchronize now (e.g., as soon as change is made to the listing data); 2) Scheduled (e.g., automatically synchronize the changed listings every 2 hours); 3) On-demand (e.g., the user will let the system know when to synchronize). 
       FIG. 12  is a screen shot, illustrating in an example embodiment, an active listings view  1200  of a client application window related to real time synchronization. The real time synchronization may occur at any time that the user edits a listing or sales records. To see the view  1200 , the user may click on the Active Listing item  1280  under the Listing Activity knob  1260 . In this view, a grid  1290  may show the Active Listing Attributes such as: Title, Label, Format, Price, etc. During the real time synchronization, in the status column  1292 , an icon may appear next to the item currently synchronized. The icon contains the tooltip that reads “This listing is currently being synchronized”. 
       FIG. 13  is a screen shot, illustrating in an example embodiment, an Active Listings view  1300  of a client application window related to scheduled synchronization. The scheduled synchronization batches all pending revisions and synchronizes them to the site upon the synchronization schedule specified by the user, in user&#39;s “Personal Information” shown on “Options and Preferences” dialog-box  1500  (see  FIG. 15 ). To see the view  1300 , the user may click on the Active Listing item  1280 . In the status column an icon with letter “P” next to a listing may indicate that the listing is in a pending revision state. The icon has a mouse-over that shows a tooltip that reads “The listing has pending revisions”. After the synchronization at the scheduled time, the icon will be removed 
       FIG. 14  is a screen shot, illustrating in an example embodiment, a view  1400  of a synchronize toolbar of a client application window. On-Demand synchronization batches all pending revisions and synchronizes them to the site when the user decides to synchronize with the site. Before performing on-demand synchronization, the user has configured the client application  410  so that the synchronization occurs on demand. The user may open an “Active Listing” view  1300  and revise any of the listings under pending revision status, as desired, and press the synchronize button  1320  to synchronize the selected revised listings with the site. When the synchronization is performed, the icons may be removed from the status column  1410 . 
       FIG. 15  is a screen shot, illustrating in an example embodiment, a view  1500  of an “Options and Preferences” dialog-box. The user may click the “Synchronization Options” selection  1530  from the “Advanced Options” item  1520  of the selection list window  1510 . In the dialog box  1500 , check box controls under “Synchronize with Site” (item  1540 ) are provided for the user to select the type of items desired to synchronize with the commerce system site. The default is to have the “Active Listings” and “Unsold listings” checkboxes checked. 
     The “Date Range” pull down window  1560  allows the user to select the desired date range to retrieve listings. In the example shown, the selected “last 30 days” may indicate that the user wants to include in the synchronization process the listing data (e.g., active listing, sold, or unsold listings as shown under  1120 ) created within last 30 days. 
     The “Automatically Send Data” pull down window  1580  allows the user to select the time intervals for the scheduled synchronization with the site. The dialog-box also provides for options on synchronization from the site to the client application. The “Automatically Download Data” pull down window  1592  allows the user to select the time intervals for the synchronization from the site to the client application. Another checkbox  1594  provides the user with an additional option to synchronize data before uploading listings. 
       FIG. 16  is a block diagram illustrating an example embodiment of synchronization between a client and a plurality of commerce systems  1600 . In this example embodiment, a client application  1610  may communicate (e.g., download updates from the sites or upload data to the sites), via the network  104  with a plurality of commerce systems (e.g.,  1620 ,  1640 , and  1660 ). The client application  1610  may synchronize itself to either of the commerce systems, or conversely, synchronize the commerce systems to the client application  1610 . The synchronization of the commerce system to the client application  1610  may take place using any of the methods described above (e.g., Real time, Scheduled, or On-demand). The specifics of each method would be as previously described. It is appreciated that in the present case of multiple commerce system synchronization, the client application  1610  may provide the user with an option to specify to (from) which commerce system, the client application  1610  want to synchronize. 
     In an example embodiment a client application  1610  may have listings published in more than one commerce systems (e.g.,  1620 ,  1640 , and  1650 ). If an item form the listings is sold on one of the commerce systems, e.g.  1620 , then the other systems (e.g.,  1640  and  1650 ) have to synchronize with commerce system  1620  in updating their listings by withdrawing that item from the listings associated with the user. 
     In another example embodiment, when bidding on a listing in a commerce system  1620  reaches a specific level, that bidding may be propagated, by the synchronization process, throughout the entire commerce systems (e.g.,  1640  and  1650 ) in which that listing was published. 
     Data Structures 
       FIG. 17  is a high-level entity-relationship diagram illustrating various tables  1700  that may be maintained within the databases  126  (see  FIG. 1 ), and that are utilized by and support the applications  120  and  122  (see  FIG. 1 ). A user table  1702  may contain a record for each registered user of the networked system  102  (see  FIG. 1 ), and may include identifier, address and financial instrument information pertaining to each such registered user. A user may operate as a seller, a buyer, or both, within the networked system  102 . In one example embodiment, a buyer may be a user that has accumulated value (e.g., commercial or proprietary currency), and is accordingly able to exchange the accumulated value for items that are offered for sale by the networked system  102 . 
     The tables  1700  also may include an items table  1704  in which may be maintained item records for goods and services that are available to be, or have been, transacted via the networked system  102 . Each item record within the items table  1704  may furthermore be linked to one or more user records within the user table  1702 , so as to associate a seller and one or more actual or potential buyers with each item record. 
     A transaction table  1706  may contain a record for each transaction (e.g., a purchase or sale transaction) pertaining to items for which records exist within the items table  1704 . 
     An order table  1708  may be populated with order records, each order record being associated with an order. Each order, in turn, may be with respect to one or more transactions for which records exist within the transaction table  1706 . 
     Bid records within a bids table  1710  each may relate to a bid received at the networked system  102  in connection with an auction-format listing supported by an auction application  202  (see  FIG. 2 ). A feedback table  1712  may be utilized by one or more reputation applications  208 , in one example embodiment, to construct and maintain reputation information concerning users. A history table  1714  may maintain a history of transactions to which a user has been a party. One or more attributes tables  1716  may record attribute information pertaining to items for which records exist within the items table  1704 . Considering only a single example of such an attribute, the attributes tables  1716  may indicate a currency attribute associated with a particular item, the currency attribute identifying the currency of a price for the relevant item as specified in by a seller. 
     Machine Architecture 
       FIG. 18  is a block diagram, illustrating a diagrammatic representation of machine  1800  in the example form of a computer system within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed. In alternative embodiments, the machine may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine may operate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine may be a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. 
     The example computer system  1800  may include a processor  1840  (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) a graphics processing unit (GPU) or both), a main memory  1850  and a static memory  1860 , which communicate with each other via a bus  1830 . The computer system  1800  may further include a video display unit  1804  (e.g., liquid crystal displays (LCD) or cathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system  1800  also may include an alphanumeric input device  1806  (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device  1808  (e.g., a mouse), a disk drive unit  1810 , a signal generation device  1820  (e.g., a speaker) and a network interface device  1870 . 
     The disk drive unit  1810  may include a machine-readable medium  1812  on which is stored one or more sets of instructions (e.g., software  1814 ) embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The software  1814  may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory  1850  and/or within the processor  1840  during execution thereof by the computer system  1800 , the main memory  1850  and the processor  1840  also constituting machine-readable media. 
     The software  1814  may further be transmitted or received over a network  426  via the network interface device  1870 . 
     While the machine-readable medium  1812  is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the present invention. The term “machine-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media. 
     Thus, a method and system to synchronize the data between a commerce system and a client application or between a client application and multiple commerce systems have been described. Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. 
     The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b), requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment.