Patent Publication Number: US-2022232973-A1

Title: Closing device for drawers

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention generally relates to closing devices that are incorporated into drawer slides, which are otherwise known as self-closing drawer slides. Such drawer slides tend to be used in articles of furniture, appliances or other structures having movable drawers, such as in the form of cabinet assemblies, for assisting in moving a drawer to a fully closed position. 
     Discussion of the Prior Art 
     Articles of furniture having drawers, such as cabinet assemblies, typically include drawer slides for mounting drawers to the cabinet assembly and for providing a way to move the drawer between a fully closed position within the cabinet body to an open position with the drawer extending outward from the cabinet body. Standard drawer slides tend to be mounted in pairs, with one on each of the left and right outer sides of the drawer. Thus, on each side of the drawer, one drawer slide member is attached to the cabinet body and a second drawer slide member is attached to the drawer. Ball or roller bearings, or solid bushings, typically serve as bearings and are disposed between the drawer slide members for smooth movement of the drawer relative to the cabinet body. The bearings may be organized and located within a bearing retainer. Also, there may be a third drawer slide member coupled to and between the first and second drawer slide members, with a corresponding additional set of bearings, to permit further extension of the drawer from the cabinet body. 
     It is desirable to assist a user in closing a drawer, to prevent rebound of the drawer, and to tend to hold the drawer in a closed position. There are numerous self-closing drawer slide devices designed to be engaged as a drawer is being closed and reaches a predetermined distance from the cabinet face. Such devices often incorporate a spring to help pull or push the drawer to the fully closed position. It is common for these devices to include a latch that is used in controlling the movement of the drawer relative to the cabinet body within a pre-selected range of motion of the drawer. Such prior art devices often include a catch, in the form of a pin, tab or other actuator to engage the latch to move it from a locked to an unlocked position or vice versa. In turn, either the latch or catch commonly is associated with one of the drawer sides or a slide member connected to a drawer side, while the other corresponding component is associated with the cabinet body or another drawer slide member connected to the cabinet body. 
     While such a latch and catch assembly of a self-closing drawer slide function for their intended purpose, they tend to transmit fairly high forces to the user at the transition point of engagement or disengagement of the latch, as occurs upon release when the drawer is being moved in an outward direction toward an open position and reaches the end of the travel of the latch under the influence of a spring, or upon initial engagement when the drawer is being moved in an inward direction toward a closed position. The prior art devices tend to have a spring with an end that is moved in essentially a one-for-one ratio relative to the movement of a latch, such that the force generated by the spring is increased linearly as the latch is moved outward with the drawer, until the latching member suddenly is released and reaches a locked or armed position. This results in operation with an on-off or lunging feel with respect to the influence of the spring as the latch reaches or is released from the locked position. 
     Thus, it is common among prior art self-closing drawer slides for the spring force resisting the opening of the drawer to continue to increase in a consistent, linear manner until the latch reaches the end of its travel, and then releases the drawer. This results in an abrupt transition as the latch reaches its locked position, from a maximum pulling force resisting the opening of the drawer to no pulling force resisting further opening of the drawer. This construction tends to provide undesirable, unexpected motion that is unsettling to the user and may cause the contents of the drawer to shift abruptly. Similarly, when closing the drawer, the influence of the spring is brought on rather suddenly when its peak force is applied upon initial reengagement of the latch and release of the catch from its locked position. 
     This undesirable transition is due, in part, to the need to have the spring maintain a sufficient level of spring force even when the drawer is nearly in a fully closed position, so as to be able to completely close the drawer and to prevent the drawer from rebounding to an open position if pushed inward rapidly, such as when a drawer is being shoved closed. The high spring force at the point of release from the locked position during reengagement of the latch also can result in undesirable noise due to the abrupt movements of the latch into or out of the locked position and the level of force transmitted by the latch to the catch on the other drawer slide, drawer or cabinet member. 
     The present inventor previously sought to address these issues in U.S. Pat. No. 8,205,951 by providing a closing device for drawers that utilizes mechanical advantage during movement of the latch to mitigate the undesirable transition forces. The closing device also included structure to incorporate a damper to assist in damping rapid movement of a drawer slide member when moving to a closed position, so as to more gently achieve a fully closed position. The device worked very effectively to modulate the forces, but was only suitable for a limited range of drawer load capacity. For instance, it was not suitable for use in heavy duty applications, where the undesirable transition may be even more pronounced due to the need to use closing springs having even greater spring forces. Indeed, to date, the inventor is not aware of anyone solving the abrupt transition problem associated with self-close heavy duty drawer slides, regardless of whether they also incorporate soft-close damping. 
     SUMMARY 
     The following discloses example improved closing devices which impart a mechanical advantage that results in the application of a biasing force that is not increased in a consistent or uniform manner when compared to the linear movement of a latching member that is coupled to one of the drawer slide members. Instead of continuing to increase the biasing force to be applied at the disengagement/engagement point of the latching member in a uniform linear rate, the disclosed example closing device has a biasing member but is configured to have a latch that does not move at the same rate as the biasing member is lengthened. Thus, the increase in the biasing force is at a reduced rate per unit length of movement as the drawer slide continues to move outward until the latch reaches its locked or armed position. 
     The present disclosure provides improved use of a closing device that employs a mechanical advantage during movement of the latch to permit a common biasing member to be used while mitigating undesirable transition forces. The disclosure provides a damper, which optionally may be included to assist in damping rapid movement of a drawer slide member when moving to a closed position, so as to catch a drawer that is coupled to the drawer slide assembly and allow the closing device to assist in more gently moving the drawer to a fully closed position. Hence, the present disclosure addresses shortcomings in prior art self-closing drawer slide assemblies, while providing quiet, smooth-operating closing devices for use with heavy duty drawer slides. 
     In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a closing device that includes a base, a rack body slidably coupled to the base and having an elongated rack, a catch pivotally coupled to the rack body, a first biasing member connected at a first end to the base and at an opposed second end to the rack body, and biasing the rack body to move rearward relative to the base. The catch has a locked position at a front of the base, and an unlocked position wherein the catch is movable along the base while being biased toward the rear of the base. A gear is pivotally coupled to the base and engaging the elongated rack of the rack body, and a second biasing member has a first end coupled to the base and an opposed second end coupled to the gear, and biasing the gear to pivot and thereby drive the rack body rearward relative to the base. The first biasing member provides a substantially linear biasing force upon movement of the rack body relative to the base, and the rack and gear engagement provides a mechanical advantage that alters the biasing force applied to the rack body by the second biasing member in a non-linear manner upon movement of the rack body relative to the base. 
     In a second aspect, the present disclosure presents a closing device, for use in a drawer slide having a first drawer slide member that is slidably coupled to a second drawer slide member, with the closing device including a base connectable to the second drawer slide member, a rack body slidably coupled to the base and having an elongated rack, a catch pivotally coupled to the rack body, a first biasing member connected at a first end to the base and at an opposed second end to the rack body, and biasing the rack body to move rearward relative to the base. The catch has a locked position at a front of the base, and an unlocked position wherein the catch is movable along the base while being biased toward the rear of the base. A gear is pivotally coupled to the base and engaging the rack of the rack body, and a second biasing member has a first end coupled to the base and an opposed second end coupled to the gear, and biasing the gear to pivot and thereby drive the rack body rearward relative to the base. A latch is connectable to the first drawer slide member and configured to be releasably engaged by the catch, wherein the first biasing member provides a substantially linear biasing force upon movement of the rack body relative to the base, and the rack and gear engagement provides a mechanical advantage that alters the biasing force applied to the rack body by the second biasing member in a non-linear manner upon movement of the rack body relative to the base. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and provided for purposes of explanation only, and are not restrictive of the disclosure, as claimed. Further features and objects of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent in the following description of preferred embodiments and from the appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In describing the preferred embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings wherein like parts have like reference numerals, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a top perspective view of a drawer slide assembly in a fully retracted, closed position and including an example closing device in accordance with the disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a top perspective view of a drawer slide assembly of  FIG. 1  in a fully extended, open position. 
         FIG. 3  is an enlarged, top perspective view showing an inner end of the drawer slide assembly of  FIG. 1  with a portion of the inner drawer slide member cutaway and the catch of the self-closing mechanism in an unlocked position, just after disengagement from or prior to engagement with the latch. 
         FIG. 4  is an enlarged, top perspective view showing an inner end of the outer drawer slide member of the drawer slide assembly of  FIG. 1  with a side wall cutaway and the example self-closing mechanism of the closing device in the locked position. 
         FIG. 5  is an exploded top perspective view of the drawer slide assembly of  FIG. 1  with the inner slide member, latch and self-closing mechanism of the closing device exploded away from the outer slide member. 
         FIG. 6  is an exploded bottom perspective view of the inner end of the inner slide member of the drawer slide assembly of  FIG. 1  with the latch exploded away from the inner slide member. 
         FIG. 7  is an exploded top perspective view of the self-closing mechanism of the closing device of the drawer slide assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 8  is an exploded bottom perspective view of the self-closing mechanism of the closing device of the drawer slide assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 9A  is a top perspective view of the latch and the self-closing mechanism of the closing device of the drawer slide assembly of  FIG. 1  with the catch and latch at the fully closed position. 
         FIG. 9B  is a top perspective view of the latch and self-closing mechanism of the closing device shown in  FIG. 9A , with the catch in an unlocked position just prior to releasing the outward moving latch, or just after having engaged the inward moving latch and reaching the unlocked position. 
         FIG. 9C  is a top perspective view of the latch and self-closing mechanism of the closing device shown in  FIGS. 9A and 9B , with the catch in the locked position just after releasing the outward moving latch, or just before engaging the inward moving latch. 
         FIG. 10A  is a top perspective view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 9A  without a damper, and with a cutaway of a portion of the rack body and having the catch unlocked and corresponding to the fully closed position. 
         FIG. 10B  is a top perspective view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 10A  and having the catch in an unlocked intermediate position between the locked, open position and the unlocked closed position. 
         FIG. 10C  is a top perspective view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIGS. 10A and 10B , and having the catch in the locked position. 
         FIG. 11A  is a bottom perspective view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 9A  with the catch at the fully closed position. 
         FIG. 11B  is a bottom perspective view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 10B  with the catch in the unlocked intermediate position. 
         FIG. 11C  is a bottom perspective view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 10C , and having the catch in the locked position, with the rack body having moved forward and the rack being disengaged from the gear. 
         FIG. 11D  is a bottom perspective view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 11C , having the catch in the locked position and with the rack tie removed for better viewing. 
         FIG. 12A  is a top perspective view of the rack body and rack tie of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 9A . 
         FIG. 12B  is a bottom perspective view of the rack body and rack tie of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 12A . 
         FIG. 13A  is a top view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 9A . 
         FIG. 13B  is a front cross-section view of the self-closing mechanism taken at the section line AA shown in  FIG. 13A . 
         FIG. 14A  is a top view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 9A , but with the latch approaching a bypass reset position, such as when the latch is ready to reengage the catch after the catch experienced a bypass condition in which it reached the closed position without the latch causing the catch to move to the closed position. 
         FIG. 14B  is a side view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 14A . 
         FIG. 14C  is a top cross-section view of the self-closing mechanism taken at the section line AA shown in  FIG. 14B . 
         FIG. 15A  is a top view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 14A , but just after the latch has reached the bypass reset position relative to the catch, which will enable the latch to pull the catch to the locked position when the drawer slide is extended. 
         FIG. 15B  is a side view of the self-closing mechanism shown in  FIG. 15A . 
         FIG. 15C  is a top cross-section view of the self-closing mechanism taken at the section line AA shown in  FIG. 15B . 
         FIG. 16  is a graph showing the relative advantageous influence of the closing device of the present disclosure on the pulling force required to move the drawer slide as the latch is moved from the fully closed position to the locked position, and thereafter as the drawer is moved outward to the fully open position. 
     
    
    
     It should be understood that the drawings are not to scale and that actual embodiments may differ. It also should be understood that the claims are not limited to the particular examples illustrated or combinations thereof, but rather cover various configurations of closing devices for drawers. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Although the following discloses example closing devices shown for use with drawers coupled to drawer slides, persons of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the teachings of this disclosure are in no way limited to the specific examples illustrated, and that the closing devices may be used with sliding systems in various environments, as may typically be found in articles of furniture, such as a cabinet or desk, and in appliances or other structures having movable drawers and the like, which will be collectively referred to herein for convenience as “drawer and cabinet assemblies”. Accordingly, it is contemplated that the teachings of this disclosure may be implemented in alternative configurations and environments. In addition, although the example closing devices described herein are shown in conjunction with a particular configuration of a drawer slide assembly, those having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the either the inner or outer slide member may be mounted to the drawer and the opposed slide member may be mounted to the cabinet. Still further, it will be appreciated that the componentry of the example closing devices may be used in a drawer slide, whether of a side mount or undermount construction, or may be mounted independently of a drawer slide to the drawer or cabinet, with the closing mechanism and latch mounted to the opposed components to affect operation of the closing device. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1-15C , it will be appreciated that an example closing device of the present disclosure generally may be embodied within numerous configurations within a device that may be incorporated into a drawer slide assembly, such as in self-closing drawer slides and cabinet assemblies, with advantageous benefits, as demonstrated in part in  FIG. 16 . Thus, the apparatus and articles of manufacture and methods disclosed herein may be advantageously adapted to enhance or improve the closing features of a drawer slide or drawer within a cabinet assembly, and the present teachings are particularly advantageous with respect to heavy duty sliding systems, such as having a drawer capacity of greater than 100 lbs., but may be implemented with sliding systems having lower capacities, while still providing similar advantages. 
     Referring to a preferred embodiment in  FIGS. 1-15C , an example closing device  10  is shown incorporated into a self-closing drawer slide, of a side mount type. Components of the example closing device  10  are shown in  FIGS. 1-4  coupled to a drawer slide  12  having a first drawer slide member  14  for attachment by conventional means to a side of a drawer (not shown), and the first drawer slide member  14  and the drawer are slidably coupled to a second drawer slide member  16 , which is provided for attachment by conventional means to an inner surface of side wall of a cabinet (not shown). While the closing device  10  may be used with a drawer slide having two drawer slide members, it will be appreciated that this example includes a third drawer slide member  18  coupled to, slidably engaging and disposed between the first drawer slide member  14  and the second drawer slide member  16 . Use of the intermediate, third drawer slide member  18  permits greater extension of a drawer from the face of a cabinet body when fully extended to the open position, and often drawer slides of this type are referred to as full extension drawer slides. However, while the closing device  10  of the preferred embodiment is configured to be coupled to a drawer slide  12  of the full extension side mount type, it will be appreciated that the componentry of the first example drawer closing device  10  of the present disclosure may be incorporated into other configurations, whether incorporated into drawer slides having two or more slide members, into drawer slides of the side mount or undermount type, or into direct mountings to a drawer or cabinet body without being incorporated into one or another drawer slide members. 
     It will be appreciate that for this example, the drawer slide  12  may have the first slide member  14  mounted to a drawer and the second slide member  14  mounted inside a cabinet to the surface of a side wall. The third slide member  18  is coupled to and disposed between the respective first and second drawer slide members  14  and  16 , and the slide members are slidably movable relative to each other by use of bearings  20  therebetween (the bearing retainer is shown for convenience without the ball bearings). For example, as seen in  FIGS. 2 and 5 , it will be appreciated that bearings  20  are located between the first and third slide members  14  and  18 , and between the second and third slide members  16  and  18 . In this example, the bearings  20  preferably are of the ball bearing type, and held in a retainer assembly. However, it will be appreciated that the slidable engagement may be achieved with other types of bearings, such as roller bearings, or solid bushings that also may be referred to as bearings, and alternatives may be made of various materials, such as plastic, metal, or other suitable materials or the like. Also, slidable engagement between the respective drawer slide members  14  and  18 , and drawer slide members  16  and  18 , may be but need not be of the same type. The drawer slide members  14 ,  16  and  18  preferably are constructed of steel or other suitable materials. 
     As may be seen in  FIGS. 3, 5 and 9A-9C , the closing device  10  includes a self-closing mechanism  22  and a latch  24 . As may be seen in  FIGS. 2-5 , the self-closing mechanism  22  is coupled to the outer or second drawer slide member  16  near a first end  16 ′, which will be referred to herein as the proximal end. The mounting will be described further herein. As seen in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the latch  24  is coupled to the first drawer slide member  14  near a first end  14 ′, which similarly will be referred to herein as the proximal end. In this example, the latch  24  is coupled to the first drawer slide member  14  by a rivet  26  that extends through an aperture  28  in the latch  24  and an aperture  30  in the first slide member  14 , spaced from the first end  14 ′. The location of the latch  24  spaced a distance from the first end  14 ′ of the inner slide member  14  advantageously permits use of longer bearing assemblies, and therefore, a greater length of the slide members  14  and  18  that overlap and are subject to the bearings  20 , relative to prior art structures having a latch located at or extending from the end of the inner slide member. Having the first slide member  14  pass over the self-closing mechanism  22  also permits use of a more robust latch  24 , relative to the pin style latches in lighter duty prior art self-closing drawer slides wherein a J-shaped slot typically is provided at or beneath a rear end of the first drawer slide member to move the pin in a prescribed pattern to engage or release from a closing device. The more robust latch of the present disclosure is advantageous for capacity, durability and reliability purposes. 
     First end  16 ′ of the second drawer slide member  16  normally may be installed along an inner side wall surface of a cabinet body, extending from near the rear to near the front of the side wall. Having the second drawer slide member  16  mounted to the side wall of the cabinet body and the first drawer slide member  14  mounted to the drawer provides a particularly compact mounting arrangement that is not viewable by a user while the drawer is in the closed position within the cabinet. 
     More specifically, as may be seen in  FIGS. 3-5, 7-11C  with respect to the example closing device  10 , the self-closing mechanism  22  of the closing device  10  preferably includes: a base  32 , a rack body  34 , a catch  36 , a first biasing member  38 , a gear  40 , a rack tie  42 , a second biasing member  44  and, optionally, a damper  46 . The latch  24  that interacts with the catch  36  of the self-closing mechanism  22 . The base  32 , rack body  34 , catch  36 , gear  40 , rack tie  42  and latch  24  preferably are constructed of molded plastic, or other suitable materials, and each may be formed as a single piece, as shown, or of an assembly of components. The first biasing member  38  and second biasing member  44  preferably are constructed as coiled, linear rate extension springs, although it will be appreciated that other biasing member configurations may be utilized, such as for example a torsion spring for the second biasing member. 
     The base  32  extends longitudinally, in the same direction that the drawer slide  12  extends. In this example, the base  32  is configured to be readily attachable to the second or outer slide member  16  proximate its proximal end  16 ′, to facilitate simple, rapid and secure mounting that also reduces the potential for interference with other components of the assembly. The second slide member  16  includes a web  48  between outer bearing rails  50 , with the web  48  providing a front mounting tab  52  and rear mounting tabs  54 , preferably with the front and rear mounting tabs  52 ,  54  being integrally formed from and extending out of the plane of the web  48 . The web  48  also includes an aperture  56  located between the front and rear mounting tabs  52 ,  54 . The front mounting tab  52  extends away from the web  48  toward the first slide member  14  and then rearward toward the first end  16 ′ of the second slide member  16 . The rear mounting tabs  54  extend away from the web  48  toward the first slide member  14  and have a rearward extending protrusion  58 . The rack tie  42  is to be positioned between the base  32  and the web  48  of the second slide member  16 . 
     The base  32  includes a front locating member  60 , and rear locating walls  62 . The base  32  also includes a central portion  64  having a protruding post  66 . These features permit the rack tie  42  to be positioned between the base  32  and the web  48 , and then the base  32  to readily snap into a mounted position at the first end  16 ′ of the second slide member  16 . This is accomplished by first moving the front locating member  60  of the base  32  into position between the front mounting tab  52  and the web  48 , and then moving the post  66  to extend into the aperture  56  in the web  48 , and moving the rear of the base  32  toward the web  48  until the rear locating walls  62  of the base  32  engage mounting tabs  54  and move past the rearward extending protrusions  58  and snap into a locked position between the protrusions  58  and the web  48 . While this example provides a particularly advantageous snap fit connection of the self-closing mechanism  22  to the second slide member  16 , one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the base  32  may be coupled to the second slide member  16  in numerous different ways, including by use of separate fasteners, adhesives or other interlocking features on the base or slide member. 
     The rear end of the base  32  includes a socket  68  that receives a rear end  46 ′ of the optional damper  46 , a first slot  70  that receives a rear end  38 ′ of the first biasing member  38 , and a second slot  72  that receives a rear end  44 ′ of the second biasing member  44 . The gear  40  has an aperture  72  for pivotal coupling to the post  66 . The gear  40  also includes a tab  74  for coupling to an opposed second end  44 ″ of the second biasing member  44 , which biases the gear  40  to rotate fully rearward, wherein a rear edge  76  of the gear  40  extends below a locating tab  78  on the base  32 . This configuration permits the gear  40  to be held in place during handling of the self-closing mechanism  22 , prior to installation on the second slide member  16 , because the second biasing member  44  biases the gear  40  to the rearward position wherein the rear edge  76  of the gear  40  is captured by the tab  78 . The base  32  also includes a channel  80  that extends forward and is bounded by side walls  82 , with each side wall  82  having a longitudinally extending undercut slot  84 . 
     The rack body  34  straddles and slidably engages the base  32 . The rack body  34  includes a pair of longitudinal guide rails  86 , and a top wall  34 ′ that extends between and is connected to the guide rails  86 . The guide rails  86  are spaced apart from the side walls  82  of the base  32  by upstanding tabs  90  of the rack tie  42 . The rack tie  42  further includes ribs  88  that locate the side walls  82  of the base  32  between the ribs  90  and the upstanding tabs  88  to help locate and stabilize the front of the base  32 , while also separating the guide rails  86  of the rack body  34  from the side walls  82  of the base  32  and from contact with the web  48 , promoting smooth sliding of the rack body  34  relative to the base  32  and the second slide member  16 . One of the guide rails  86  of the rack body  34  includes an inward extending retention tab  92  that captures a respective side wall  82  of the base  32  to assist in keeping the rack body  34  slidably engaged with the base  32 , while under the tension of the first biasing member  38 . The opposed guide rail  86  of the rack body  34  includes an inward extending retention tab  92 ′ that together with the top wall  34 ′ of the rack body  34  slidably captures the base  32  and helps to stabilize the movement of the rack body  34  relative to the base  32 . 
     As may be seen in  FIGS. 7, 8 and 10A-10C , the rack body  34  includes a front biasing member mounting arm  94  having a slot  96  that receives an opposed second end  38 ″ of the first biasing member  38 . As may be seen in  FIGS. 8 and 11A-11D , the rack body  34  also includes a front damper mounting arm  98  having a slot  100  that receives a front end  46 ″ of the optional damper  46 . In this example, the rear end  46 ′ of the damper  46  is the rear of the damper cylinder, while the front end  46 ″ of the damper  46  is the front end of the damper rod. However, it will be appreciated that the components could be configured to mount a damper in the reverse orientation. Also, the example damper  46  dampens movement of the rack body  34  in at least one direction, such as would be advantageous by damping in the closing direction by permitting free movement in the opening direction. The rack body  34  further includes front cushions or bumpers  102  that engage a rear end  18 ′ of the third slide member  18 , to help provide quiet and comfortable operation of the drawer slide  12 . 
     A cradle  104  extends from the rack body  34  downward, forward and generally toward the web  48  of the second slide member  16 . As may be appreciated in  FIGS. 7-8 and 10A-10C , the catch  36  is received by and pivotally coupled to the cradle  104  by a pivot axle  106  on the catch  36 . Lateral extensions or ends  108  of the pivot axle  106  extend laterally outward from the catch  36  and slidably engage the longitudinally extending undercut slots  84  on the side walls  82  of the base  32 . 
     The catch  36  further includes front portions  110  that are located above the pivot axle  106  and extend forward and laterally outward, while rear portions  112  extend laterally outward from above and behind the position of the pivot axle  106 . The front portions  110  are in a locked position when the catch  36  is moved to the front of the channel  80  and the catch  36  is pivoted forward and downward, so as to move the front portions  110  toward the web  48  of the second drawer slide member  16 , placing the front portions  110  forward of and engaging the front ends  114  of the side walls  82  of the base  32 . As the catch  36  and rack body  34  move forward, they are subjected to a linearly increasing biasing force from the first biasing member  38 . In the locked position, the catch  36  is under the influence of the tension in the first biasing member  38 , which is at its maximum, and the catch  36  is in an armed state, best seen in  FIGS. 3, 4, 9C and 10C . 
     When the catch  36  is pivoted upward and rearward, such as may be seen in  FIGS. 9B and 10B , so as to be released from the locked position, the catch  36  tilts rearward until the rear portions  112  slidably engage the top surfaces of the side walls  82  of the base  32 . As will be appreciated in  FIGS. 9A-9B and 10A-10B , in the unlocked position, the catch  36  is permitted to move forward and rearward within the channel  80 , while the first biasing member  38  biases the rack body  34  to move rearward to a closed position, the axle  106  of the catch  36  remains pivotally positioned within the cradle  104  of the rack body  34 , and the lateral extension or ends  108  of the pivot axle  106  remain within the undercut slots  84  of the side walls  82  of the base  32 . 
     It will be appreciated that movement of the catch  36  is based on movement of and interaction with the latch  24  that is connected near the front end  14 ′ of the first slide member  14 . For example, when the drawer slide  12  is in a fully retracted closed position, such as is shown in  FIG. 1 , a head  116  of the latch  24  is positioned rearward of the front portions  110  of the catch, as may be seen in  FIG. 9A . This, in turn, corresponds to the position of the catch  36  of the self-closing mechanism  22  in the additional  FIGS. 10A, 11A and 13A . With the catch  36  at the rearward end of its travel, both the rear portions  112  and the front portions  110  are located above the side walls  82  of the base  32 . 
     The present disclosure further addresses and overcomes disadvantageous force relationships by providing force modulation via interaction of the gear  40  with a rack  118  along an inner side of one of the guide rails  86  of the rack body  34 . The gear  40  and rack  118  each include teeth, and the engagement of the rack  118  with the gear  40  causes pivoting of the gear  40  to drive movement of the rack body  34  while the gear  40  is under the influence of the second biasing member  44 . For durability and friction reduction purposes, the rack  118  is overmolded with a low friction material along the surfaces that engage the gear  40 , including the teeth and the portion along which the gear  40  slides after disengagement with the rack  118 . For instance, the material of the gear  40  may be acetal, while the material used for overmolding along the rack  118  may be nylon. It will be appreciated that other materials could be used. 
     As will be appreciated when viewing  FIG. 9A , when a user pulls the drawer (to which the drawer slides  12  are connected) forward toward an open position, the latch  24  coupled to the first slide member  14  is moved forward and the rear of the head  116  of the latch  24  engages the front portions  110  on the catch  36  and tends to pull the catch  36  forward, under the linearly increasing biasing force of the first biasing member  38  and under the non-linearly increasing biasing force of the second biasing member  44 . This continues until the rack  118  advances sufficiently to disengage from the gear  40 , as seen in  FIGS. 10B and 11D , at which point the second biasing member  44  no longer exerts a biasing force against the rack body  34 . As the catch  36  and rack body  34  continue moving forward toward the front of the channel  80  in the base  32 , they continue to be subjected to the biasing force of the first biasing member  38 . At the front of the channel  80 , the catch  36  pivots forward and downward until the front portions  110  reach the locked position engaging the front ends  114  of the side walls  82  of the base  32  (the locked position of the catch is shown in  FIGS. 4, 9C and 10C ). At this juncture, the front portions  110  of the latch  24  duck underneath the catch  36 , and the latch  24  releases from the catch  36 . The latch  24  and first slide member  14  then are free to continue to move forward with the first drawer slide member  14  and drawer to an open position, no longer under the influence of the self-closing mechanism  22 , as may be appreciated in  FIG. 9C . 
     When reversing the drawer and drawer slide movement, such as when a user is pushing a drawer toward the closed position within a cabinet body, the latch  24  on the first slide member  14  moves toward the catch  36  until the forward end of the head  116  of the latch  24  contacts or engages the rear portions  112  of the catch  36  and forces the catch  36  to pivot rearward toward engagement with the top surface of the side walls  82  of the base  32  and the front portions  110  move upward and over the front ends  114  of the side walls  82  of the base  32 , so as to release from the locked position, as may be seen in  FIG. 9B . The catch  36  and rack body  34  to which it is coupled via the cradle  104  then may by pulled rearward by the first biasing member  38  until the rack  118  of the rack body  34  engaged the gear  40  on the base  32 , at which time the second biasing member  44  also exerts a biasing force to move the rack body  34  toward the rear of the base  32 , which corresponds with the first slide member  14  and the drawer to which it is connected reaching the rearmost, closed position. 
     Typical self-closing drawer slides employ a biasing element in the form of a spring, and have a force versus distance traveled graph as shown with respect to the Linear Spring Force plot in  FIG. 16 , for a single self-closing drawer slide. Given that a drawer would use two such drawer slides, the combined force versus distance traveled graph for a typical prior art drawer configuration is shown with respect to the TYP User Force Linear Spring Systems to Achieve Self-Close. The high level of force required to be able to initially pull the drawer toward the closed position when the self-closing features first reengage during closing of the drawer, must be established at a level that will still provide enough pulling force to achieve and maintain a closed position. Because of the range of forces needed, it will be appreciated with both of the above-identified curves, the spring force increases linearly and to quite a dramatically high level until the self-close feature of the drawer slides reach the locked position and disengage from the drawer at the distance labeled “Open.” The sudden drop in force required to continue to pull the drawer open is abrupt and disadvantageous for the reasons previously stated. 
     The present disclosure further addresses and overcomes this disadvantageous force relationship by providing force modulation via interaction of the gear  40  with the rack  118  along an inner side of one of the guide rails  86  of the rack body  34 . Indeed, the advantages are clearly shown in  FIG. 16  where one can see the influence of the Gear Force for a single self-closing mechanism  22 , as well as the combined influence of the linear spring and gear force in the force modulated FM Slide Open Force, and with respect to a pair of the self-closing mechanisms in User Force PAIR of FM slides. Use of the force modulating gear  40  provides a desirable significantly increased closing force when in and near the closed position, but permits the use of a much lower linear force spring, because of the non-linear application of the spring force from the second biasing member  44 . The increased force near the closed position is advantageous with respect to both movement to open and to close a drawer. The disengagement of the gear  40  from the rack  118  also is advantageous, so as to avoid the extreme force otherwise encountered if both biasing members  38 ,  44  exert increasing force throughout the travel of the rack body  34 . This is because a user experiences less force variance throughout the pull, which is preferred. As seen in  FIG. 16 , when the gear  40  disengages from the rack  118 , at approximately 25 mm of travel, the second biasing member  44  no longer exerts force and the closing mechanism  10  is able to stay within a more constant range of applied force. For instance, the example device  10  is able to stay within a range of approximately 3 lbs of force, as opposed to a system using only linear application of force having a range of approximately 6.5 lbs. The increased inward force near the closed position keeps the drawer moving, it is experiencing momentum, reducing the normal slowing that may cause a lack of full closure, which may otherwise occur if less closing force is provided. The use of first and second linear rate biasing members  38 ,  44 , together with the second biasing member  44  being modulated by use of the gear  40  and rack  118 , as well as completely disengaged during a portion of the movement of the rack body  34 , also advantageously results in a significantly lower closing force at the “Open” position of the closing device  10 , thereby reducing the undesirable sudden drop off in force when the self-closing mechanism&#39;s release from the outward moving drawer and jerking when first engaging the closing device  10  upon closing of the drawer. 
     Thus it will be appreciated that in the example embodiment, a closing device  22  includes a base  32 , a rack body  34  slidably coupled to the base  32  and having an elongated rack  118 , a catch  36  pivotally coupled to the rack body  34 , a first biasing member  38  connected at a first end  38 ′ to the base  32  and at an opposed second end  38 ″ to the rack body  34 , and biasing the rack body  34  to move rearward relative to the base  32 . The catch  36  has a locked position at a front of the base  34 , and an unlocked position wherein the catch  36  is movable along the base  32  while being biased toward the rear of the base  32 . A gear  40  is pivotally coupled to the base  32  and engaging the elongated rack  118  of the rack body  34 , and a second biasing member  44  has a first end  44 ′ coupled to the base  32  and an opposed second end  44 ″ coupled to the gear  40 , and biasing the gear  40  to pivot and thereby drive the rack body  34  rearward relative to the base  32 . The first biasing member  38  provides a substantially linear biasing force upon movement of the rack body  34  relative to the base  32 , and the rack  118  and gear  40  engagement provides a mechanical advantage that alters the biasing force applied to the rack body  34  by the second biasing member  44  in a non-linear manner upon movement of the rack body  34  relative to the base  32 . 
     It will further be appreciated that the example closing device  10  is for use in a drawer slide  12  having a first drawer slide member  14  that is slidably coupled to a second drawer slide member  16 , with the closing device  10  including a base  32  connectable to the second drawer slide member  16 , a rack body  34  slidably coupled to the base  32  and having an elongated rack  118 , a catch  36  is pivotally coupled to the rack body  34 , a first biasing member  38  is connected at a first end  38 ′ to the base  32  and at an opposed second end  38 ″ to the rack body  34 , and biasing the rack body  34  to move rearward relative to the base  32 . The catch  36  has a locked position at a front of the base  32 , and an unlocked position wherein the catch  36  is movable along the base  32  while being biased toward the rear of the base  32 . A gear  40  is pivotally coupled to the base  32  and engaging the rack  118  of the rack body  34 , and a second biasing member  44  has a first end  44 ′ coupled to the base  32  and an opposed second end  44 ″ coupled to the gear  40 , and biasing the gear  40  to pivot and thereby drive the rack body  34  rearward relative to the base  32 . A latch  24  is connectable to the first drawer slide member  14  and configured to be releasably engaged by the catch  36 , wherein the first biasing member  38  provides a substantially linear biasing force upon movement of the rack body  34  relative to the base  32 , and the rack  118  and gear  40  engagement provides a mechanical advantage that alters the biasing force applied to the rack body  34  by the second biasing member  44  in a non-linear manner upon movement of the rack body  34  relative to the base  32 . 
     The force modulation by use of the gear  40  is evident in that movement of the rack body  34  relative to the base  32  a given distance causes the second end  44 ″ of the second biasing member  44  to move relative to the first end  44 ″ of the second biasing member  44  a distance that is less than the given distance moved by the rack body  34 . It will be appreciated that this is achieved by use of the gear  40 , which is sector shape and has an arcuate toothed section, in combination with the rack  118  which has an elongated toothed section that engages the gear  40  arcuate toothed section. The gear  40  is sector-shaped to affect the necessary travel of rack  118 . As may be appreciated in  FIGS. 10A-10C and 11A-11D , movement of the gear  40  and the coupling of the second end  44 ″ of the second biasing member  44  to the gear  40  are limited such that the second biasing member  44  is prohibited from passing the pivotal coupling  66  of the gear  40  to the base  32 . It also will be appreciated that the configuration of the gear  40  may be altered to act over a longer stroke of the closing device  10 , but its size will be limited by other components and ultimately by the width of the second slide member  16 , if it is going to be installed within the second slide member  16 . Nevertheless, it will be appreciated that the configuration of the components in the present disclosure, which uses a combination of linear rate biasing members with one driving a gear, is able to generate an advantageous modulated nearer to constant force profile that achieves desirable closing performance, while also permitting greater closing device travel than in the aforementioned prior art device that uses a gear and a single biasing member, which is connected only to the gear. As will be appreciated, the gear  40  and rack  118  engagement can be positioned so as to turn on or turn off the influence of the second biasing member  44 . In the present example, the influence of the second biasing member  44  is most desirable near and at the closed position, while it would be undesirable to have it continue through the full opening movement of the rack body  34 . 
     One additional advantageous feature provides for resetting of the latch  24  relative to the catch  36  in the event that the catch  36  is inadvertently, prematurely released from the front ends  114  of the side walls  82  of the base  32  and moved to the rear of the channel  80  of the base  32 . This feature is best illustrated when comparing  FIGS. 14A-14C  to  FIGS. 15A-15C . It will be appreciated that the head  116  of the latch  24  has a flexible, split arrow-shape that permits the two sides of the arrow shape to flex toward each other, thereby permitting outward protrusions  116 ′, seen from the underside of the head  116  in  FIGS. 14C and 15C , to bypass or pass between the front portions  110  of the catch  36 , and to engage inward protrusions  110 ′ on the front portions  110 . This engagement allows the latch  24  to pull the catch  36  forward during the next opening of the drawer, and thereafter to regain the proper relative positioning and movement of the latch  24  and catch  36 , as seen in  FIGS. 9A-9C . Thus, the bypass feature provides a reset of the normal functioning of the closer device  10 . 
     It will be appreciated that a drawer closing device in accordance with the present disclosure may be provided in various configurations. Any variety of suitable materials of construction, configurations, shapes and sizes for the components and methods of coupling the components may be utilized to meet the particular needs and requirements of an end user. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made in the design and construction of such a drawer closing device, whether or not a damper is employed, without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure, and that the claims are not limited to the preferred embodiment illustrated. 
     While the present disclosure shows and demonstrates example drawer closing devices, the examples are merely illustrative and are not to be considered limiting. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various closing devices may be constructed to be installed in various forms of drawer slides or cabinet assemblies, without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. Thus, although example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture have been described herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.