Patent Publication Number: US-8111822-B1

Title: System and method for mapping a voice identity across multiple telephony networks with time attributes

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application, entitled “System and Method for Mapping a Voice Identity Across Multiple Telephony Networks with Time Attributes,” Ser. No. 10/980,046, filed on Nov. 2, 2004. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     This invention relates generally to telecommunications, and more specifically, to how calls are routed based on mapping multiple voice identities. 
     2. Related Arts 
     The widespread adoption of numerous telephony and data communication technologies such as cellular phones, voice over IP, virtual private networks, broadband access, digital subscriber lines, cable modems and other access methods have changed the way people use phones and the way people communicate. Increasingly, people are associated with multiple telephone numbers that require callers who are trying to reach them to try multiple telephone numbers. 
     Typically, a corporate telephone system user will have a corporate extension telephone number, a personal or corporate mobile telephone and possibly a remote home or branch office telephone number. To finally reach a user, a caller may need to dial two or more telephone numbers before they finally reach the user to whom they wish to speak. In addition to the time it takes the caller to dial multiple telephone numbers, it takes even more time for the user to then retrieve multiple messages when a caller leaves repetitive voice messages on multiple voice message systems. In this scenario, time is not the only asset at stake. Information can also be lost or confused by redundant voice messages on multiple systems making for inefficient communication that can cost time, money and opportunities. 
     In one scenario of a work place, a user typically has an office phone on his desk, and carries a personal cellular phone. When the user is in his office, he can be reached on his office phone and his cellular phone. When he is in a meeting or in a break room, he can only be reached directly on his cellular phone. When a caller tries to reach a user on his office phone and cannot reach him, the caller has to try to call the user&#39;s cellular phone. When the user cannot be reached on either phones, the caller may decide to leave him a voice mail on either one or more of the user&#39;s voice answering systems. 
     In another scenario, the user visits a branch office in a different city. He carries along his cellular phone. In the branch office, he has an office phone with a phone number different from that of his original office phone. The user would need to inform callers of the new phone number if he wants to be reached on the branch office phone. In this scenario, callers may have to try three phone numbers: the original office phone number, a temporary office phone number, and a cellular phone number before they actually reach the user. 
     In another scenario, the user travels abroad to another country. He decides not to bring his cellular phone because he does not have international roaming services. Instead, he rents a local cellular phone. He would then need to inform potential callers of the new temporary phone number. Callers not informed of the new temporary phone number would have to try his office phone, cellular phone and then perhaps leave him a voice mail, possibly never knowing whether or not the user receives the voice message. The user would then have to check his voice messages very frequently in order to respond to the calls promptly. In this scenario, the user severely limits his accessibility. 
     In yet another scenario, a user occasionally works from home according to some schedule. While working at home, the user&#39;s home phone is his primary means for communication. For callers who are aware that the user works from home on any particular day, they would call his home phone. Other callers who do not know the user&#39;s work schedule would have to leave voice mail on his office phone. In order to ensure that he is responding to telephone calls promptly, the user would need to check his office based voice messages continuously throughout the day. Despite the fact that a user has access to one or more telephones, it is not always easy for callers to reach them easily. 
     Thus there is a need for a system that transparently allows a caller to efficiently reach a user or his primary voice message system. 
     SUMMARY 
     The invention provides a system and method for mapping a voice identity to a telephone number. The voice identity comprises a non-phone number voice identity. In a system aspect, the invention comprises: one or more phone systems; at least one policy processor coupled to the one or more phone systems; and a voice identity mapping data structure accessible to the at least one policy processor. The voice identity mapping data structure comprises: a plurality of search voice identities transitively mapped to one or more target voice identities, wherein the plurality of the search voice identities are applicable to a plurality of users, wherein the voice identity matches a first search voice identity, wherein the first search voice identity is mapped by the policy processor to a first target voice identity according to a first mapping policy, wherein the first target voice identity matches a second search voice identity of a second mapping policy, wherein the second search voice identity is mapped by the policy processor to a second target voice identity according to the second mapping policy, wherein the second target voice identity is different from the first search voice identity. 
     In a method aspect, the invention includes: providing for one or more phone systems; providing for at least one policy processor coupled to the one or more phone systems; and providing for a voice identity mapping data structure accessible to the at least one policy processor. The voice identity mapping data structure comprises: a plurality of search voice identities transitively mapped to one or more target voice identities, wherein the plurality of the search voice identities are applicable to a plurality of users, wherein the voice identity matches a first search voice identity, wherein the first search voice identity is mapped by the policy processor to a first target voice identity according to a first mapping policy, wherein the first target voice identity matches a second search voice identity of a second mapping policy, wherein the second search voice identity is mapped by the policy processor to a second target voice identity according to the second mapping policy, wherein the second target voice identity is different from the first search voice identity, wherein the voice identity comprises a non-phone number voice identity. 
     The invention further includes a policy processor for mapping a voice identity to a telephone number comprising the means for performing the steps set forth in the method above. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is block diagram of voice identity number with a voice identity sub-number. 
         FIG. 2  is block diagram of a voice identity mapping 
         FIG. 3  is a flow chart of voice identity mapping policy input processing 
         FIG. 4   a  is a flow chart of centralized voice identity mapping policy call processing 
         FIG. 4   b  is a flow chart of distributed voice identity mapping policy call processing 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an operator offering voice identity mapping services. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Voice Identity 
     A voice identity is a designation assigned to a specific user that callers can use to reach that user. Typically, a voice identity is a telephone number or an extension number.  FIG. 1  illustrates a voice identity with voice identity sub number. Here,  102  is the primary voice identity number and  104  is an optional voice identity sub-number. If multiple users share the same voice identity number, voice identity sub-number  104  further distinguishes an individual user. In one embodiment of the present invention the voice identity number  102  corresponds to a main corporate telephone number and voice identity sub-number  104  corresponds to an internal extension number. 
     In one embodiment, the user has a residential phone. The residential phone number is the user&#39;s voice identity number, without a voice identity sub-number. 
     In one embodiment, the user works for a company. The user has an office desk phone, which is assigned an extension number. Within the corporate system, the office desk phone extension is the user&#39;s voice identity number without a voice identity sub-number. Optionally, in the same embodiment, the user is also assigned an external phone number that is used outside the company. The external phone number is yet another voice identity. 
     In one embodiment, a company has a main business phone number and the user is assigned an extension number. To reach the user, an external caller would first dial the company&#39;s business phone number, and then the extension. In this embodiment, the voice identity comprises two parts, the business phone number is the voice identity number and the extension is the voice identity sub-number. 
     In one embodiment, the user is assigned an internal extension that is tied to a voice mail box but is not tied to any office phone. In such an embodiment the internal extension is the user&#39;s voice identity. 
     In one embodiment, a mobile phone number is a voice identity without a sub-number. 
     In one embodiment, a voice identity is a non-phone number voice identity, such as a username, an IM identity, or an email account identity. For example, the user subscribes to voice over IP services, receives a username with which callers within the voice over IP service can use to reach him. In such an embodiment, the username can be a voice identity without sub-number. In one embodiment, a voice over IP service is based on instant messaging (IM) technologies, such as Yahoo Messenger, Microsoft Messenger, AOL IM, Skype or other IM-based voice services. In one embodiment, the username can be an IM identity, or an email account identity. In one embodiment, the voice over IP services include a corporate phone service, and the username can be an employee&#39;s computer user identity. 
     In one embodiment, a user receives a username and, additionally, a phone number with which callers outside the voice over IP service can reach him. Both the username and the phone number can be voice identities. Optionally, the voice over IP service provider has a main phone number and each user is assigned an internal number. A caller outside the service first calls the voice over IP service provider&#39;s main phone number, and then enters the internal number to reach the user. The voice over IP service provider main phone number is the voice identity number, and the internal number is the voice identity sub-number. 
     In one embodiment, a caller intends to leave a user a voice mail message. In this embodiment, the voice mail number is the user&#39;s voice identity. Typically, a voice mail number is a phone number. If more than one user uses the same phone number as a voice identity number, that voice mail number can further include a sub-number to identify a specific user. The sub-number is the voice identity sub-number for the user. 
     Voice Identity Examples: 
     1. +1 (415) 555-1234 
     2. x9876 
     3. +1 (510) 555-6789 ext 4567 
     In the above examples; example 1 has voice identity number +1 (415) 555-1234 and no voice identity sub-number, example 2 has voice identity number extension 9876 and no voice identity sub-number, example 3 has voice identity number +1 (510) 555-6789 and voice identity sub-number  4567 . 
     A voice identity can be a phone number with which a user receives the phone call. Typically the voice identity is associated with a phone at which the user receives the call. In one embodiment, the user does not intend to receive phone calls, but rather to receive voice mail instead. In such an embodiment, there is no phone associated with a phone number voice identity. Instead, the voice identity is merely an access number to call the user&#39;s voice mail system. 
     Voice Identity Mapping 
     A voice identity mapping allows a user to associate a voice identity to another voice identity.  FIG. 2  illustrates a voice identity mapping. Here,  202  is the search voice identity that callers actually call to reach a specific user and  204  is the target voice identity at which the user will receive the call. Typically, when a caller calls the search voice identity, the call is forwarded to the target voice identity. In common phone usage, the search voice identity is the same as the target voice identity, such that no call forwarding is necessary. 
     Optionally, a voice identity mapping further comprises a time attribute  206 . The time attribute indicates when a voice identity mapping is valid. 
     Voice identity mappings examples 
     1. Search voice identity: ext. 4567
         Target voice identity: 1-415-555-9876,
           is valid:   Monday through Friday: 12 am-8 am and,   Monday through Friday: 6 pm-12 am   
               

     2. Search voice identity: 1-650-555-4321,
         Target voice identity: 1-510-555-4165,
           is valid:   Saturday through Sunday.   
               

     3. Search voice identity: 1-650-555-4322,
         Target voice identity: 1-510-555-4167,
           is valid:   Sep. 21, 1995 to Mar. 3, 1996.   
               

     Example 1 illustrates the search voice identity is extension 4567, without sub-number, with the target voice identity 1-415-555-9876, without a sub-number, and a time attribute that reads the mapping is valid between 12 midnight to 8 am Monday through Friday and between 6 pm in the evening to 12 midnight Monday through Friday. 
     Example 2 illustrates a search voice identity 1-650-555-4321 and target voice identity 1-510-555-4165 with a time attribute indicating the mapping is valid between 12 midnight Saturday to 12 midnight Monday. 
     Example 3 illustrates a search voice identity 1-650-555-4322 and target voice identity 1-510-555-4167 with a time attribute reading the mapping is active between the dates Sep. 21, 1995 and Mar. 3, 1996 inclusively. 
     Voice Identity Mapping Policy 
     A voice identity mapping policy is a group of one or more voice identity mappings. In one embodiment, a voice identity mapping policy applies specifically to one user. 
     In one embodiment, a voice identity mapping policy applies to a group of users. In this embodiment, some voice identity mappings may be specific to individual users while other voice identity mappings may apply to a plurality of users. 
     Voice Identity Mapping Policy Example 
     Voice Identity Mapping Policy  1 :
         1. Search voice identity: extension 4567,
           target voice identity: 1-415-555-2300,
               is valid:   Monday through Friday: 12 am-8 am,   Monday to Friday: 6 pm-12 am and,   Saturday through Sunday.   
               
           2. Search voice identity: 1-800-555-5600/4567,
           target voice identity: 1-415-555-2300,
               is valid:   Monday through Friday: 12 am-8 am,   Monday through Friday: 6 pm-12 am, and,   Saturday through Sunday.   
               
           3. Search voice identity: 1-415-555-1234,
           target voice identity: 1-415-555-2300,
               is valid:   Monday through Friday: 12 am-8 am, and,   Monday through Friday: 6 pm-12 am.   
               
           4. Search voice identity: 1-415-555-2598,
           target voice identity: 1-415-555-2300.
               is valid: Always.   
               
           5. Search voice identity: 1-415-555-2300,
           target voice identity: 1-416-555-4165,
               is valid:   Aug. 7, 2002 through Aug. 14, 2002.   
               
               

     In above Voice Identity Mapping Policy  1 , the voice identity mapping policy has six voice identity mappings. The user is an employee in a company. The company has a main business phone number 1-800-555-5600. The user has an office desk phone with an extension 4567. The user also has a personal cellular phone 1-415-555-1234. At home, the user has two phone lines. The main home phone line has number 1-415-555-2300. The second home phone line, which he uses for Internet dial up access, has number 1-415-555-2598. The user&#39;s parents live in Canada and have a home phone 1-416-555-4165. 
     Voice identity mappings  1  and  2  of Voice Identity Mapping Policy  1  above indicates the user desires to forward his business phone to his main home phone during non-working hours, weekdays between 6 pm and 8 am and weekends. Voice identity mapping  3  states calls placed to the user&#39;s cellular phone number are forwarded to his main home phone. Voice identity mapping  4  shows the user&#39;s second home phone line is always forwarded to the main home phone line. Voice identity mapping  5  shows the user has a vacation trip to visit his parents in Canada during summer of 2002, from August 7 to 14. 
     When a call is made, the voice identity mappings in a policy are applied to the call. The mappings are applied until no more mapping is found applicable. If no mapping is found applicable in the process, the voice identity mapping policy is not applicable to the call. Otherwise, the final resulting target voice identity is used for the completion of the call according to the voice identity mapping policy. The attributes of all applicable mappings are enforced. 
     In a voice identity mapping policy, the target voice identity of a voice identity mapping may be a search voice identity of another voice identity mapping. The target voice identity of the latter mapping can be the search voice identity of yet another voice identity mapping. It is perfectly legitimate that among a group of voice identity mappings, target voice identities and search voice identities can form a transitive chain, where a target voice identity of a voice identity mapping is the search voice identity of the next voice identity mapping. 
     In one embodiment, a voice identity mapping policy may not yield a resulting target voice identity when applied to a call. When this happens, the call cannot be completed according to the voice identity mapping policy. 
     In one embodiment, when a call cannot be completed according to a particular voice identity mapping policy, a policy processor uses the original search voice identity as the resulting target voice identity. 
     In another embodiment, when a call cannot be completed according to a particular voice identity mapping policy a policy processor rejects the call. 
     In one embodiment, when a call cannot be completed according to a particular voice identity mapping policy, a policy processor selects another voice identity mapping policy matching the original search voice identity. If there is no further matching voice identity mapping policy, the policy processor may reject the call or uses the original search voice identity as the resulting target voice identity. 
     In the example Voice Identity Mapping Policy  1  above, the target voice identity of voice identity mapping  1  is a search voice identity of the voice identity mapping  5 . The target voice identity of the voice identity mapping  5  is not a search voice identity of any voice identity mapping. During the time between 6 pm to midnight on Fridays, any call to corporate extension 4567 is forwarded to 1-415-555-2300. One or more phones associated with the resulting target voice identity will ring and the user answers the call. If the process cannot be completed due to transitive mapping, the call cannot be completed. 
     In one embodiment, if a call cannot be completed due to transitive mapping, the call is forwarded to the first target voice identity. 
     In one embodiment, the call is forwarded to a default phone number. 
     Although the above examples illustrate voice identities that include phone numbers, the same type of voice identity mapping can be provided with non-phone number voice identities without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 
     Voice Identity Mapping Policy Processing 
       FIG. 3  illustrates the processing of voice identity mapping policy input by a user. This process allows the user to customize his voice identity mapping policy. User  300  submits authentication data  342  to a gatekeeper  310  to gain access to create, modify or query his voice identity mapping policy. Gatekeeper  310  retrieves stored authentication data  346  from data storage  330  and compares the stored data with the authentication data  342  submitted by user  300 . If the authentication data  342  submitted by user  300  matches authentication data  346  as stored in data storage  330 , gatekeeper  310  grants the user access to create, modify or query his voice identity mapping policy. If the authentication data submitted by user  300  does not match authentication data as stored in data storage  330 , user  300  is denied access. 
     Upon successful authentication, the gatekeeper passes the user&#39;s access information  344  to a policy processor  320 . If the information  344  indicates creation of a new voice identity mapping policy, the policy processor  320  verifies the correctness, by prompting the user to confirm, and stores the new voice identity mapping policy  348  into data storage  330 . If the information  344  indicates modification of an existing voice identity mapping policy, the policy processor  320  verifies the correctness, by prompting the user to confirm, and stores the modified voice identity mapping policy  348  into data storage  330 . 
     In one embodiment, gatekeeper  310  is software application executed on an integrated application server in a telephony system. 
     In one embodiment, gatekeeper  310  is software application executed on a stand-alone computer system coupled to a telephony system. 
     In one embodiment, gatekeeper  310  is application specific integrated circuit coupled to a telephony system. 
     In one embodiment, policy processor  320  is software application executed on an integrated application server in a telephony system. 
     In one embodiment, policy processor  320  is software application executed on a stand-alone computer system coupled to a telephony system. 
     In one embodiment, policy processor  320  is application specific integrated circuit coupled to a telephony system. 
       FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b  illustrate how a voice identity mapping policy is applied to an incoming call. In  FIG. 4   a , a caller makes a phone call from a phone  450 . The calling phone number or non-phone number identity  402  is fed to a phone system  440 . The phone system  440  performs call processing to determine how to route the call. 
     In one embodiment, the phone system  440  is a Class 5 telephony switch. 
     In one embodiment, the phone system  440  is a corporate PBX. 
     In one embodiment, the phone system  440  is an IP telephony system comprising of a soft-switch. Optionally, the IP telephony system further comprises a media gateway. 
     Upon receiving the calling phone number or non-phone number identity  402 , the phone system  440  queries the voice identity mapping policy processor  410 . The input called number  404  is fed to the policy processor  410 . The policy processor  410  treats the input called number  404  as a search voice identity. It matches the search voice identity  404  against the search voice identities of voice identity mapping policies in the database  430  through coupling  412 . If there is no match, the policy processor  410  informs the phone system  440  through  406  that no policy applies and the phone system  440  should proceed with the normal call processing. 
     In one embodiment, policy processor  410  is software application executed on an integrated application server in phone system  440 . 
     In one embodiment, policy processor  410  is software application executed on a stand-alone computer system coupled to phone system  440 . 
     In one embodiment, policy processor  410  is application specific integrated circuit coupled to phone system  440 . 
     If there is a match, the policy processor  410  selects one matching voice identity mapping policy from the database  430 . In one embodiment, the policy processor  410  selects the first matching voice identity mapping policy. 
     In one embodiment, the policy processor  410  selects the most frequently applied matching voice identity mapping policy amongst all matching voice identity mapping policies. 
     In one embodiment, the policy processor  410  selects the most recently applied matching voice identity mapping policy. 
     The policy processor  410  determines, from the policy, the first voice identity mapping whose search voice identity matches the input voice identity. It further validates the attributes of the voice identity mapping. If the attribute contains a time attribute, the policy processor  410  validates with the current time. If the time is not valid, the policy processor  410  determines the next voice identity mapping in the voice identity mapping policy. If the policy processor  410  exhausts all voice identity mappings in the selected voice identity mapping policy without finding a valid voice identity mapping, it selects another matching voice identity policy from the database  430  until no more voice identity policies can be found, or a voice identity mapping is validated. 
     In one embodiment, when no voice identity policy can be found, the policy processor  410  informs the phone system  440  through  406  to direct the call to the phone number or non-phone number identity indicated by the input voice identity. 
     In one embodiment, when policy processor  410  validates a voice identity mapping, it determines the target voice identity from the voice identity mapping. Policy processor  410  uses the target voice identity as the input voice identity, and repeats the process above to determine a voice identity mapping policy and a voice identity mapping. 
     The policy processor  410  processes accordingly and identifies a chain of zero or more voice identity mappings that are applicable to the original input voice identity, with a current input voice identity. The policy processor  410  informs the phone system  440  through the result  406  that the call should be forwarded to the current input voice identity. The phone system  404  further processes the call to the resulting phone number. 
     In one embodiment, a voice identity mapping policy contains transitive mappings, such that a target voice identity of a voice identity mapping is the search voice identity of another voice identity mapping. Optionally, the time attributes may contain overlapping time periods in which two or more voice identity mappings are valid at the same time. In such an embodiment, a transitive mapping occurs. Policy processor  410  may not be able to terminate the processing due to transitive mappings. The policy processor may decide after a number of mapping selections to stop further processing. 
     In one embodiment, the policy processor  410  stops after a set number iterations of finding matching voice identity mappings. 
     In one embodiment, the policy processor  410  checks if a matching voice identity mapping was used previously during the processing of the input voice identity. If a repeat is found, the policy processor  410  determines that the processing may not terminate and stops the processing. 
     In one embodiment, the policy processor  410  checks for repeating target voice identity and stops upon a repeat. The policy processor concludes there is no matching voice identity mapping within the policy. 
     In one embodiment, the policy processor determines existence of transitive mappings and stores in the database  430  voice identities that cannot be resolved successfully due to the transitive mappings. Upon receiving the input search voice identity, the policy processor  410  first checks if the input search voice identity matches any identified irresolvable voice identities before searching for a matching voice identity mapping or voice identity mapping policy. 
       FIG. 4   b  illustrates an embodiment where call processing is conducted in a distributed manner. In such an embodiment, the policy processor  410  communicates to one or more phone systems  440 . Each phone system has call processing capability to forward a phone number or non-phone number identity to another phone number or non-phone number identity. 
     Typically phone systems  440  can store a list of forwarding entries. 
     In one embodiment, human operators upon receipt of work orders configure the forwarding entries manually. 
     In one embodiment, phone systems  440  have an application programming interface allowing another system to automatically configure the forwarding entries. 
     In  FIG. 4   b , after the policy processor  410  receives a voice identity mapping policy as described for  FIG. 3 , it processes the voice identity mappings in a voice identity mapping policy, to determine, based on the time attributes, the date and time when the voice identity mappings should be activated or de-activated. The policy processor  410  determines the next time instance when one or more of the voice identity mappings are to be activated. It sets up a timer for the time instance. It monitors the time based on the time input from the clock  434 . When the timer expires, the policy processor  410  retrieves the voice identity mapping policy associated with the time from the data storage  430 . Policy processor  410  selects all voice identity mappings that are to be activated at a particular time, processes the selected voice identity mappings into a list of phone number or non-phone number identity forwarding mappings. It further splits the list of phone number or non-phone number identity forwarding mappings into multiple lists, one for each of phone systems  440  based on the phone numbers or non-phone number identity owned by each phone system. The policy processor  410  generates, for each list of phone number or non-phone number identity forwarding mappings intended for a phone system, a forwarding configuration  416 . It then passes the forwarding configuration  416  to the phone systems  440 . 
     In one embodiment, the forwarding configuration is a work order such that a human operator can configure the phone system  440 . 
     In another embodiment, forwarding configuration  416  is sent to the phone system  440  using the application programming interface for phone systems. In addition to sending the forwarding configuration lists to the phone systems  440 , the policy processor  410  sets up a timer for the next voice identity mapping activation change, either to activate a voice identity mapping or to deactivate a voice identity mapping. 
     In one embodiment, the each of phone systems  440  may have different phone number or non-phone number identity forwarding capabilities. For example, phone system  440   a  may not handle transitive forwarding mappings; while phone systems  440   b  and  440   c  can. When the policy processor  410  generates the forwarding configuration list for phone system  440   a , it retrieves the information about the capability of the phone system  440   a  from the data storage  430 . It then resolves all transitive mappings in the forwarding configuration and generates a forwarding configuration without transitive mapping. 
     In  FIG. 4   b , a caller makes a call from a phone  450 . The phone number or non-phone number identity information  402  is sent to the phone system  440   a . The phone system  440   a  checks against the forwarding mapping configuration to see if there is a matching forwarding mapping. If a matching forwarding mapping exists, phone system  440   a  determines the next phone number or non-phone number identity to which the call should be forwarded based on the forwarding mappings, and uses the next phone number or non-phone number identity for call routing. If no matching forwarding mapping exists, the phone system  440   a  continues the call routing based on the original phone number or non-phone number identity. Phone system  440   a , upon call routing processing, which is known to the skill in the art, may determine that the next phone number or non-phone number identity belongs to phone system  440   b . The phone system  440   a  would then pass phone number or non-phone number identity  407 , which may be the next phone number or non-phone number identity, to the phone system  440   b . The phone system  440   b  processes the incoming phone number or non-phone number identity similarly to that of the phone system  440   a , and may determine that the next phone number or non-phone number identity belongs to phone system  440   c . The phone system  440   b  would then pass the phone number or non-phone number identity information  408  to the phone system  440   c . The phone system  440   c  processes the incoming phone number or non-phone number identity  408  similarly to that of phone system  440   a . This process continues with zero or more phone systems until a phone system determines there are no forwarding mappings and routes the call according to its internal routing protocols. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an operator offering voice identity mapping services. 
     Telephone service operator  500  offers a plurality of voice services provided by a plurality of phone systems Class 5 telephony switch  551 , corporate PBX  552 , mobile switching center  553 , and IP telephone system  554 . In one embodiment the plurality of voice services include residential voice services, corporate voice services, mobile voice services, and voice over IP services. In one embodiment, Class 5 telephony switch  551  provides residential voice services; corporate PBX  552  provides corporate voice services; mobile switching center  553  provides mobile voice services; and IP telephony system  554  provides voice over IP services. Telephone service operator  500  offers voice identity mapping services among the phone systems Class 5 telephony switch  551 , corporate PBX  552 , mobile switching center  553 , and IP telephone system  554 . Operator  500  includes policy processor  510  and data storage  530 . Data storage  530  includes voice identity mapping policies for the voice identity mapping services. Policy processor  510  connects to data storage  530  and the plurality of phone systems Class 5 telephony switch  551 , corporate PBX  552 , mobile switching center  553 , and IP telephone system  554 . 
     Foregoing described embodiments of the invention are provided as illustrations and descriptions. They are not intended to limit the invention to precise form described. In particular, it is contemplated that functional implementation of invention described herein may be implemented equivalently in hardware, software, firmware, and/or other available functional components or building blocks, and that networks may be wired, wireless, or a combination of wired and wireless. Other variations and embodiments are possible in light of above teachings, and it is thus intended that the scope of invention not be limited by this Detailed Description, but rather by Claims following.