Patent Publication Number: US-7218217-B2

Title: False alarm reduction in security systems using weather sensor and control panel logic

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of Invention 
     The invention relates generally to security systems and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for reducing false alarms in security systems by using a weather sensor that detects weather conditions that can cause false alarms. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Security systems, such as for homes and businesses, have become commonplace as people seek to protect themselves and their property. Home security systems typically employ sensors at entry points, such as windows and doors, along with interior sensors such as motion detectors, vibration sensors, shock sensors, and glass break sensors. However, false alarms have become a growing problem with such systems. False alarms lead to the unnecessary dispatch of emergency personnel such as police and fire personnel. Moreover, the problem has become so great in some areas that local governments levy fines against home and business owners who cause such unnecessary dispatches. Even worse, alarms may be ignored altogether for chronic offenders. False alarms in a security system can be caused by various factors, including loud noises and vibrations caused by trucks, construction, aircraft and weather conditions. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention addresses the above and other issues by providing a method and apparatus for reducing false alarms in security systems by detecting weather conditions such as thunderstorms and high winds that can cause false alarms, and modifying the decision criteria used by the security system&#39;s control in determining whether to trigger an alarm. 
     In one aspect of the invention, a security apparatus includes a control for controlling a security system that secures a building, a first sensor for detecting an intrusion into the building, and means for determining whether a weather condition is present. The control determines whether to trigger an alarm responsive to an intrusion detection signal from the first sensor, and a signal from the determining means indicating whether the weather condition is present. The control determines whether to trigger the alarm by applying a first decision criteria when the weather condition is not present, and applying a second decision criteria when the weather condition is present. 
     A corresponding method and program storage device are also provided 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other features, benefits and advantages of the present invention will become apparent by reference to the following text and figures, with like reference numbers referring to like structures across the views, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an overview of an example security system including a weather detection component, according to the invention; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an example weather detector, according to the invention; and 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an example process used by a control in determining whether to trigger an alarm, according to the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an overview of an example security system, according to the invention. An example security system  100  includes a central control panel  110  that communicates with a number of sensors via a wired or wireless path. For example, a motion sensor  125  detects when a person enters a room, a fire sensor  130  indicates that a fire has been detected, and window and door sensors  135  indicate that a window or door has been opened. These sensors may include, e.g., magnetic contact sensors that detect movement of a door or window. For example, a reed switch may be embedded in a door frame or window frame, and a magnet may be embedded in alignment with the switch in the door or window sash, respectively. The magnet holds the contacts of the reed switch closed until the door or window is open, causing an intrusion detection signal to be sent to the control panel  110 . Such sensors are reliable and generally immune to weather conditions. 
     Other types of sensors that may be used include a shock sensor  145 , a vibration sensor  150 , and an acoustic glass break sensor  160 . The shock sensor  145  can be mounted on or near a door or window, for example, to detect a shock that occurs when a burglar strikes the door or window with a hard object, for instance. The vibration sensor  150  is typically mounted on ceilings, walls, safes or glass to detect vibrations. The acoustic glass break sensor  160  is typically mounted on a wall or ceiling in a room and uses a microphone to listen for the sound of breaking glass. These sensors are generally of the type that are subject to indicate a false intrusion detection due to the presence of a weather condition such as thunder or high winds because such conditions cause many of the shock, vibration and acoustic characteristics that these sensor are designed to detect. For example, high winds can cause vibration in windows, doors and walls of a building, or cause objects such as tree limbs to repeatedly strike a building. Thunder similarly causes vibrations and shocks. 
     A peripheral user interface device  140 , such as a keypad and display, a combined display and touch screen, and/or a voice interface, may be used to arm and disarm the system. The user interface device  140  may be the primary interface between the human user and the security system  100  when the user is in the home. The user interface device  140  typically includes components that are analogous to the control panel  110 , including a control, memory and power source. The user interface device  140  is commonly provided as a wireless device to allow it to be permanently installed in the home without running wire, such as by affixing it to a wall or placing it on a table, for instance. The control panel  110  generally is a larger component that may be installed in an unobtrusive location in the home, such as a closet or basement. However, it is not necessary for the user interface device  140  to be separate from the control panel  110 , or to communicate by wireless signals with the control panel  110 . For example, the user interface device  140  may be integrated into the control panel  110 . 
     The control panel  110  may also transmit signals to components of the security system  100 . For example, signals may be transmitted to a siren  120  to activate the siren when an alarm condition is detected. Signals may be sent to the user interface device  140  to display status information to the user, such as whether the system is armed or disarmed, whether a specific door or window has been opened, and, whether an alarm has been tripped. The control panel  110  may also have the ability to notify local emergency services and/or a remote monitoring station of an alarm condition via a telephone dialer  122 . Other communication paths such as long-range radio may also be used. The dialer  122  is typically hardwired to the control panel  110  and activated by the control  114 . 
     To facilitate installation and avoid the need to install wiring in a home, wireless security system components may be employed. Some components only transmit or receive. For example, the motion sensors  125 , fire sensors  130 , window/door sensors  135 , shock sensor  145 , vibration sensor  150  and acoustic glass break sensor  160  typically only transmit back to the control panel  110  when they are tripped, while the siren  120  only receives a signal from the control panel  110  when the control panel  110  detects an alarm condition based on a signal received from one of the sensors. The user interface device  140  may have both transmit and receive capabilities to communicate with the control panel  110 . The wireless security system components may use radio frequency (RF) signals. One common system uses signals at 345 MHz to provide a nominal indoor range of 200 feet and an outdoor range of up to one mile. 
     The control panel  110  includes a transceiver  112  for transmitting and receiving wireless signals. The control  114  includes a microprocessor that may execute software, including, e.g., firmware, micro-code or the like to implement logic to control the security system  100  and achieve the functionality discussed herein. A non-volatile memory  115  and other additional memory  116  may be provided as required. A memory resource used for storing software or other instructions that are executed by the control  114  to achieve the functionality described herein may be considered a program storage device. A dedicated chip such as an ASIC may also be used. Generally, each wireless component of the security system must be “learned” by the control  114 . In the learning process, data is stored in the non-volatile memory  115  that identifies the characteristics of each sensor, including the sensor type, serial number or other code or identifier, and what type of action to take based on signals received from each sensor. For example, the action may be to provide a status message to the user, store data for subsequent maintenance purposes, or trip an alarm. A power source  118  provides power to the control panel  110  and typically includes a battery backup to AC power. 
     Furthermore, according to the invention, data may be stored indicating whether the sensor is of a type that is subject to indicating a false intrusion detection due to the presence of a weather condition. In one possible approach, data is stored in the non-volatile memory  115  that flags specified sensors as being subject to false alarms. Thus, when the control receives an intrusion detection signal from such a sensor, it can implement different decision-making criteria in deciding whether to trigger an alarm. For example, when the control  114  is informed by the weather detector  125  that the weather condition is present, the control  114  can implement a more strict decision-making criteria in determining whether to trigger an alarm, as described further below. 
     According to the invention, the security system  100  can be modified to include a weather detector  125  that can include any means for determining whether a weather condition such as thunder or high winds is present in a vicinity of the building that is secured by the security system  100 . In one approach, the weather detector  125  includes one or more sensing components that sense atmospheric conditions external to the building to determine if the specified weather condition is present. In another possible approach, the weather detector  125  includes a data-receiving component that receives a data communication indicating whether the weather condition is present in a vicinity of the building. Intelligence for determining whether the weather condition is present can be located in the weather detector  125  and/or the control  114  of the security system  100 . 
     Advantageously, the weather detector  125  can be easily incorporated into an existing security system by providing a software upgrade to the control  114  that allows the control  114  to recognize communications from the weather detector  125  and implement related decision making logic. Moreover, the weather detector  125  can use the same communications protocol as other sensors in the security system, such as sensors  125 ,  130  and  135  that send a signal to the control panel  110  when they detect an intrusion. The weather detector  125  can send a signal to the control panel  110  when it determines that the weather condition is present. In another approach, the weather detector  125  sends data from its sensors that the control  114  processes to determine whether the weather condition is present and optionally, the severity and/or type of the condition. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an example weather detector, according to the invention. The weather detector  125  includes one or more of example sensors and data receiving components, shown generally at  200 , and a data processing component  250 . The sensing components  205 ,  210 ,  215 ,  220  and  225  may be mounted outside a house, for instance, for sensing conditions in the atmosphere. The sensing components may include a wind speed detector or anemometer  205 , a temperature detector  210 , a relatively humidity detector  215 , a barometric pressure detector  220 , and a lightning detector  225 . Each of the sensing components may be provided using commercially available products to obtain a reading and convert it to an electrical signal that can be processed and communicated. The sensing components may periodically take readings and communicate them to the data processing component  250 , which includes a detector interface  258  for interfacing with the sensing components. Separate interfaces may be provided for each sensing component as needed. The control  254  processes the readings from the sensing components by implementing control logic from software stored in the memory  256 , in one possible approach, to determine whether a specified weather condition is present. 
     For example, the control  254  may determine whether the readings from the wind speed detector  205  exceed a threshold wind speed, such as 30 mph, which is likely to cause false alarms in the security system. An additional criteria regarding the duration of the wind gusts may also be imposed. When the wind speed exceeds the specified threshold, the weather detector  125  may communicate a signal to the control  114  of the security system via the transmitter  252  indicating that the weather condition is present. The transmitter  252  may transmit a wireless signal to the transceiver  112 , for example, or be hard wired to the control panel  110  (see also  FIG. 1 ). 
     The barometric pressure, temperature and humidity can also be measured and used to predict whether the specific weather condition is present. For example, a dropping barometric pressure is correlated with the onset of a storm. A sudden drop in temperature and change in the wind can also mean that a storm is approaching. The weather conditions can be predicted using known techniques based on the atmospheric readings. A probability measure may be implemented by the control  254 , e.g., to predict whether there is a 70% or more probability that a thunderstorm is in the vicinity of the building secured by the security system. 
     Regarding the lightning detector  225 , some commercially available devices predict the presence of lightning by detecting the radio signals produced by lightning. Such devices indicate that thunder is likely to be present as well since the presence of lightning is a strong indicator of the presence of thunder. The StormTracker lightning detection system, available from Boltek Corp., Buffalo, N.Y., is one example product. In this system, a directional antenna obtains information on the direction of the storm, while the distance of the storm is determined based on the received signal strength. Multiple lightning strikes can be tracked over time to determine whether the storm is approaching the building and/or getting stronger or weaker. The antenna can be mounted either outdoors for best results, or indoors, if the building is a wood frame structure. The antenna is connected by cable to a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) receiver card that can be interfaced with the detector interface  258  using hardware and/or software techniques that are available to those skilled in the art. 
     Regarding the weather radio  230 , such radios are readily available for receiving a data communication such as an alert indicating that stormy weather conditions are present in a specific locality. For example, the National Weather Service (NWS) radio service is provided in the U.S. by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This radio service broadcasts warnings, watches and non-weather related emergency messages that can be received on specified broadcast frequencies. The Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME) feature allows radios to be programmed to receive only the communications that relate to specific geographic areas such as a county, parish or city. Accordingly, the weather radio  230  can be programmed to receive only weather alerts that relate to the vicinity of the building that is secured by the security system  100 . The data-receiving interface  260  represents an interface that informs the control  254  of when a radio alert is received. A corresponding signal can be sent to the control panel  110  via the transmitter  252 . 
     Regarding the Internet link interface  235 , this represents an interface to the Internet or any computer network through which data can be received, e.g., via a network interface card. Various techniques are available to recover data via a computer network indicating that a specific weather condition is present. For example, the owner of the building that is secured by the security system  100  may register on a web site to receive a message using a push technology. The owner enters the location of the building, such as by zip code, and the web site analyzes weather data from an on-line weather service to determine when the specified weather condition is present in the vicinity of the building. When the weather condition is present, the web site communicates a message, such as a TCP/IP message, that is received by the Internet link interface  235 . The data-receiving interface  260  informs the control  254  of when such a message is received, and a corresponding signal can be sent to the control panel  110  via the transmitter  252 . 
     Regarding the telephone link interface  240 , this represents an interface to a telephone network through which data can be received, e.g., via a modem. As with the Internet example, the owner of the building that is secured by the security system can register with a service provider, which may be the same as the organization that performs remote monitoring of the security system, to receive a message using a push technology when the weather condition is present. Again, the data-receiving interface  260  informs the control  254  of when such a message is received, and a corresponding signal can be sent to the control panel  110  via the transmitter  252 . Various other channels for communicating data to the security system may also be used, such as cell phone transmissions, cable or satellite television transmissions, long-range radio transmissions, and so forth. 
     The intelligence for determining whether a specific weather condition is present can be carried out in the control  254  of the weather detector  125  and/or the control  114  of the security system&#39;s control panel  110 . For example, when wind speed is measured, the weather detector  125  may periodically communicate data regarding the wind speed to the control  114 , where control logic is executed to determine whether the wind speed exceeds a specified threshold for a specified period of time. The control  114  may be configured with the appropriate software via a local or remote software download, for example. If the wind speed exceeds a specified threshold, the control  114  sets a flag such as weather_condition_present=yes or high_winds=yes. Otherwise, the control  114  sets weather_condition_present=no or high_winds=no. In another approach, the weather detector  125  executes control logic to determine whether the wind speed exceeds the specified threshold. Optionally, further details regarding the weather condition can be provided, such as the severity of the condition. For instance, regarding wind speed, a speed of 30–50 mph can correspond with one severity level, while a speed of above 50 mph corresponds with another severity level. Thus, the security system  100  can be apprised of the presence of a weather condition that is likely to result in false alarms by certain types of sensors in the security system. As explained further below, the control  114  of the security system can operate in different modes depending on whether or not the weather condition is present to reduce or avoid false alarms. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an example process used by a control in determining whether to trigger an alarm, according to the invention. The process begins with the control  114  receiving a signal from the weather detector  125 . If the signal indicates that the weather condition is present (block  310 ), the control operates in a “bad weather” mode (block  320 ). Otherwise, the control  114  operates in the normal mode (block  380 ). In the normal mode, the receipt of an intrusion detection signal from a first sensor is sufficient, by itself, to cause the control to trigger an alarm (block  360 ). In the bad weather mode, the control  114  determines whether the first sensor is of the type that is subject to indicating a false intrusion detection due to the presence of a weather condition (block  340 ). If the first sensor is not of this type, e.g., the sensor is not an acoustic glass break sensor, shock sensor and vibration sensor, the control  114  triggers an alarm. 
     If the first sensor is of the unreliable type, the control  114  further determines whether there is a corroborating intrusion detection signal from at least a second sensor for detecting an intrusion into the building (block  350 ). The second sensor should be of the type that is not subject to indicating a false intrusion detection due to the presence of a weather condition. For example, a motion detector or a sensor that detects movement of a door or window may be used to corroborate the first sensor. At block  360 , if there is such corroboration, the control  114  triggers an alarm. If there is no such corroboration, the control  114  does not trigger an alarm. 
     The control  114  can thus operate in at least two modes based on the detected weather. Note that it is also possible to provide additional operating modes, e.g., depending on the severity of the weather or other factors. Essentially, the control panel changes the way it processes inputs based on the concept that it knows whether a specified weather condition is present. 
     The invention has been described herein with reference to particular exemplary embodiments. Certain alterations and modifications may be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention. The exemplary embodiments are meant to be illustrative, not limiting of the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.