Patent Publication Number: US-2023159270-A1

Title: Integrated control system and automated transportation system including the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application claims benefit of priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0164199 filed on Nov. 25, 2021 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     The present disclosure relates to an integrated control system and an automated transportation system including the same. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Logistics is physical distribution and includes the process of transporting, unloading, storing, and packaging manufactured goods. In order to prevent such goods being transported being contaminated or damaged in the course of transportation, or to prevent delivery accidents and the like, an automated transportation system including a material control system may be utilized in the process line. On the other hand, the transportation of transportation goods is carried out by various types of transportation equipment such as Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV), Overhead Hoist Transport (OHT), Stacker Crane, Conveyor, and the like. On the other hand, the transportation equipment is controlled by transportation facility control systems applied to the hardware device disposed therearound. 
     SUMMARY 
     An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide an automated transportation system that may be operated efficiently and stably, by managing transportation facility control systems controlling transportation equipment with an integrated control system that is applied to a hardware device disposed in a space separated from the transportation equipment. 
     According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an automated transportation system includes a facility layer including at least one first transportation facility, and a system layer, in which an integrated control system controlling the at least one first transportation facility, a material control system (MCS) controlling a transport command with respect to the integrated control system, an application server managing a Real-Time Dispatcher (RTD), and a database storing information corresponding to an operation of the material control system and the real-time dispatcher are established. The facility layer and the system layer are spatially separated. 
     According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an integrated control system is characterized in that, the integrated control system is separately established in a space separated from a plurality of transportation facilities, and is comprised of a plurality of control systems corresponding to the plurality of transportation facilities, respectively, the plurality of control systems being managed by a plurality of virtualized hosts, respectively, and the integrated control system is established as a single server integrated with a Material Control System (MCS) and a Real-Time Dispatcher (RTD), and controls the plurality of transportation facilities based on a transport command transmitted by the material control system and the real-time dispatcher to transport transportation goods. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present inventive concept will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIGS.  1  and  2    are block diagrams schematically illustrating an automated transportation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram illustrating an automated transportation system according to a comparative example; 
         FIG.  4    is a block diagram illustrating an automated transportation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  5    is a block diagram illustrating an automated transportation system according to another embodiment; 
         FIG.  6    is a block diagram illustrating an automated transportation system according to another embodiment; 
         FIG.  7    is a block diagram illustrating an automated transportation system according to another embodiment; 
         FIG.  8    is a block diagram illustrating a system layer of an automated transportation system according to an embodiment; and 
         FIGS.  9  and  10    are block diagrams illustrating a server structure in an automated transportation system according to an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIGS.  1  and  2    are block diagrams schematically illustrating an automated transportation system according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , an automated transportation system may include a plurality of transportation facilities  30   a  for transporting transportation goods, a plurality of transportation facility control systems  20   a  for controlling the plurality of transportation facilities  30   a  respectively, and a material control system (MCS)  10  for managing the plurality of transportation facility control systems  20   a . In an example embodiment, the automated transportation system can be applied to a transportation system of a battery factory. 
     The plurality of transportation facilities  30   a  may be one of an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV), an Overhead Hoist Transport (OHT), a Stacker Crane (SC), and a conveyor. However, this is merely an example and the present disclosure may not be limited thereto. As an example, the plurality of transportation facilities  30   a  may be transportation facilities other than the above facilities, and the plurality of transportation facilities  30   a  may include two or more different types of transportation facilities. 
     The automated guided vehicle (AGV) may automatically transport items in a work space without a separate rail. The AGV may include a photo/electromagnetic induced AGV, an image induced AGV, and/or a laser induced AGV. For example, a photo/electromagnetic induced AGV may have a reflective tape attached onto the path the AGV will travel, or a magnetic induction line attached thereto, thereby tracking the same. The image induced AGV may find coordinates using the reflected image after irradiating infrared rays on tags for identification of different patterns attached to the ceiling. The laser induced AGV uses a rotating laser scanner to irradiate the wall with infrared rays and then uses the reflected light to find the coordinates. 
     The overhead hoist transport (OHT) may travel on a track along a rail installed on the ceiling. The OHT may ensure efficient space for transporting transportation goods in areas with long transport distances and high transport volumes. 
     The stacker crane SC may travel on a track through a traveling rail disposed therebelow and a guide rail disposed on an upper portion thereof. As an example, the SC may use the lifting device and the fork device to perform loading and unloading of transportation goods. The SC may serve to allow for a relatively large amount of items to be stored in a limited space. 
     The plurality of transportation facilities  30   a  may be interfaced with a corresponding control system among the plurality of transportation facility control systems  20   a  in a wireless communication manner, respectively. The plurality of transportation facility control systems  20   a  may transmit a conveying command to the corresponding transportation facility  30   a  based on the set optimal conveying condition. 
     In the automated transportation system according to an embodiment, the plurality of transportation facility control systems  20   a  may be constructed to be spatially separated from the plurality of transportation facilities  30   a . As an example, the plurality of transportation facilities  30   a  may be disposed at a production site where the transportation goods are moved, and the plurality of transportation facility control systems  20   a  may be established in a separate server room separated from the production site. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , the automated transportation system may include a plurality of overhead hoist transport (OHT)  30   b  for transporting goods to be transported, one OHT Control System (OCS)  20   b  for controlling the plurality of OHTs  30   b , and a material control system  10  for managing the OCS  20   b.    
     As described above, the plurality of OHTs  30   b  may be interfaced with the OCS  20   b  in a wireless communication manner, while travelling on a track along a rail installed on the ceiling and transmitting a transport command. 
     The OCS  20   b  may search for a shortest route for completing the transport operation from the departure area to the destination in the shortest time according to the command of the material control system (MCS)  10 . The OCS  20   b  may select an OHT in an optimal position suitable for performing a transport operation from among the plurality of OHTs  30   b  and transmit a transport command. The plurality of OHTs  30   b  may transport the goods to be transported from an arbitrary port to a destination port according to the transport command of the OCS  20   b.    
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , it is illustrated that OHTs  30   b  are interfaced with one OCS  20   b  and the plurality of transportation facilities  30   a  including the OHT are interfaced with a plurality of transportation facility control systems  20   a  corresponding thereto respectively, but this is only an example and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the plurality of transportation facilities  30   a  and  30   b  including the OHT may be interfaced with one transportation facility control system that controls the plurality of transportation facilities as a whole. 
     The material control system (MCS)  10  selects the optimal transport route of transportation goods, using the modeling system created based on the actual layout information of the production site, and may transmit a transport command to the plurality of transportation facility control systems  20   a  and  20   b  including the OCS  20   b . The MCS  10  may control the entire automatic transportation logistics by performing real-time monitoring of the transportation goods. 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram illustrating an automated transportation system according to a comparative example. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , an automated transportation system  1  may include a facility layer  100   b  and a system layer  100   a . The facility layer  100   b  and the system layer  100   a  may be spatially separated. As an example, the facility layer  100   b  may correspond to a production site in which transport goods are transported, and the system layer  100   a  may correspond to a server room in which a server for controlling transportation facilities is established. 
     The transportation facilities included in the facility layer  100   b  may include at least one of an automated guided vehicle (AGV), an overhead hoist transport (OHT), a stacker crane (SC), and a conveyor (C). As illustrated in  FIG.  3   , the facility layer  100   b  is illustrated as including AGV, OHT, SC, and C in plural respectively, but this is only an example and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In general, the facility layer  100   b  may include a transportation facility control system for controlling each of the transportation facilities. For example, the transportation facility control system may include, in plural, at least one of ACS, OCS, SCS, and CCS corresponding to the transportation facilities respectively. 
     The transportation facility control system may be established on a control PC disposed at the production site. For example, the control PC in which the transportation facility control system is established may be disposed near the respective transportation facilities to control the corresponding transportation facilities. On the other hand, the facility layer  100   b  may occupy a relatively large space as compared to the system layer  100   a . Accordingly, the facility layer  100   b  may be in an environment that is relatively inferior to the system layer  100   a  in terms of accessibility, security, and stability. 
     In detail, the Control PC disposed near the transportation facility may include a plurality of hardware devices for operation and backup of the transportation facility. Since the control PC should be installed separately for each transportation facility, the efficiency of resource utilization may be reduced. In addition, in the case in which a transportation facility is added, it may be necessary to secure an additional space for a control PC disposed adjacent thereto. 
     On the other hand, when performing the operation of the automated transportation system  1  using PCs for control dispose in a relatively large space, since it is necessary to perform individual operations, operational efficiency may be reduced. In addition, since integrated monitoring of the control PC is not possible, in the event of a failure in the control PC, separate operating personnel should be put into the production site, and therefore, coping with failure may be delayed. 
     In the system layer  100   a , application servers MES APP, RTD APP and MCS APP for managing a material control system (MCS) for overall controlling the automated transportation system  1 , a real-time dispatcher (RTD), and Manufacturing Execution System (MES), and database MES DB, RTD DB and MCS DB that store information related to the operation of the automated transportation system  1  may be established. 
       FIG.  4    is a block diagram illustrating an automated transportation system according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , an automated transportation system  2  according to an embodiment may include a facility layer  200   b  and a system layer  200   a.    
     Similar to the automated transportation system  1  described in  FIG.  3   , the facility layer  200   b  may correspond to a production site, and the system layer  200   a  may correspond to a server room spatially separated from the production site. 
     The facility layer  200   b  may include a plurality of transportation facilities. The plurality of transportation facilities included in the facility layer  200   b  may be at least one of an automated guided vehicle (AGV), an overhead hoist transport (OHT), a stacker crane (SC), and a conveyor (C). 
     In the automated transportation system  2  according to an embodiment, an integrated control system (TCS) and an automatic transport control system may be established in the system layer  200   a . As an example, the automatic transport control system may include a material control system (MCS) and a real-time dispatcher (RTD), and databases RTD DB and MCS DB for storing information corresponding to the operation of the MCS and the RTD may be established together. However, this is merely an example and the present disclosure may not be limited. For example, in the system layer  200   a , a manufacturing execution system (MES) and a database (MES DB) corresponding thereto may be further established. 
     In an example, the integrated control system (TCS) may include a plurality of transportation facility control systems for controlling the respective transportation facilities. The plurality of transportation facility control systems may include at least one of ACS, OCS, SCS, and CCS respectively corresponding to the transportation facilities included in the facility layer  200   b , in plural. In the automated transportation system  2  according to an embodiment, the integrated control system (TCS) may be established in the server room provided in a separate space, not in the facility layer  200   b  in which the transportation facilities are disposed, for example, the production site. 
     A Manufacturing Execution System (MES) may be a system for supporting all activities for performing production at a production site. As an example, the various activities may include scheduling, work order, quality control, work performance aggregation, and the like. MES may provide useful and systematic production methods, procedures, and various data generated at the production site. In the automated transportation system  2  according to an embodiment, the MES may collect and analyze production-related information, and automate the process of controlling and monitoring the production process. 
     The Real-Time Dispatcher (RTD) may inquire information on available lots and facilities to select an optimal transport item in real time to perform dispatching. For example, the RTD may select an available transport operation according to a predetermined rule and determine the order thereof. 
     The material control system (MCS) may transmit an efficient transport command to transportation facilities through optimal transfer path management. On the other hand, the MCS may control the overall logistics in the automated transportation system  2  by performing monitoring on the conveyed goods in real time. In the automated transportation system  2  according to an embodiment, the MCS may transmit a transport command to transportation facilities in connection with the RTD and the MES and control the logistics. 
     In the automated transportation system  2  according to an embodiment, the integrated control system (TCS) and automatic transport control system (MCS, RTD, MES) established in the system layer  200   a  may be integratedly managed by the application server in the server room. Accordingly, a given resource may be efficiently utilized by using the automated transportation system  2  according to an embodiment. 
     As an example, in the automated transportation system  2  according to an embodiment, even when a transportation facility is added to the facility layer  200   b , there is no need to install a separate control PC equipped with a transportation facility control system. In this case, by adding a control system corresponding to the transportation facility added to the integrated control system established in the server room, logistics facilities may be flexibly expanded. 
     In addition, a plurality of transportation facilities interfaced to the integrated control system (TCS) may be monitored in real time within the server room. On the other hand, the transportation facility control system for controlling the plurality of transportation facilities may be managed by the server and hardware regularly in the server room without needing to be managed individually. Accordingly, even when a failure occurs in the integrated control system (TCS) including the transportation facility control system, it is possible to quickly respond. 
     On the other hand, unlike the facility layer  200   b  to which numerous workers may access, since only an authorized administrator may access the system layer  200   a , by building an integrated control system (TCS) in the server room, the security environment of the automated transportation system  2  may be improved. 
     The automated transportation system  2  according to an embodiment may be applied to a battery production process. The battery being produced and/or the battery having been produced by the battery production process may be transported by at least one of a plurality of transportation facilities disposed in the facility layer  200   b . As an example, the battery in production and/or the battery produced may be transported by an automated guided vehicle (AGV), an overhead hoist transport (OHT), and/or a conveyor (C), and may be transported by stacker crane (SC), to be stored. 
     On the other hand, the battery in production and/or the battery produced may be transported using a plurality of transportation facilities controlled by the integrated control system (TCS) established in the system layer  200   a . The integrated control system (TCS) may be established in a server room spatially separated from the production site, and the integrated control system (TCS) may be controlled to transport batteries in production and/or produced batteries to the optimal route by the material control system (MCS), the real-time dispatcher (RTDs), and/or the manufacturing execution system (MES). However, this is only an embodiment and the present disclosure may not be limited, and the automated transportation system  2  may be applied in various manners in various fields. 
       FIG.  5    is a block diagram illustrating an automated transportation system according to another embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , an automated transportation system  3  according to an embodiment may include a facility layer  300   b  and a system layer  300   a . Similar to the automated transportation system  2  described in  FIG.  4   , the facility layer  300   b  may correspond to a production site, and the system layer  300   a  may correspond to a server room spatially separated from the production site. 
     The facility layer  300   b  may include a plurality of transportation facilities. The plurality of transportation facilities included in the facility layer  200   b  may be at least one of an automated guided vehicle (AGV), an overhead hoist transport (OHT), a stacker crane (SC), and a conveyor (C). 
     In the automated transportation system  3  according to an embodiment, a plurality of transportation facility control systems for controlling a plurality of transportation facilities may be established in the control PC installed in the facility layer  300   b  and/or may be included in the integrated control system (TCS) established in the system layer  300   b.    
     In  FIG.  5   , although it is illustrated that an OCS for controlling the first transportation facility, such as an overhead hoist transport (OHT) and an SCS for controlling the stacker crane (SC) are included in the system layer  300   a  and an ACS for controlling a second transportation facility such as an automated guided vehicle (AGV) and a CCS for controlling a conveyor (C) are included in the facility layer  300   b ; this is only an example and the present disclosure may not be particularly limited. 
     For example, first control systems for controlling some of the plurality of transportation facilities included in the facility layer  300   b , for example, the first transportation facilities, may be managed by the integrated control system (TCS) established in the system layer  300   b . On the other hand, the second control systems for controlling the remaining part of the plurality of transportation facilities included in the facility layer  300   b , for example, the second transportation facilities, may be established on a control PC installed near multiple transportation facilities. 
     The types of the first transportation facility and the second transportation facility are not limited to those illustrated in  FIG.  5   , and may vary as necessary. For example, the first transportation facility and the second transportation facility may be at least one of AGV, OHT, SC, and C, and may also be other transportation facilities. 
     In the system layer  300   a  of the automated transportation system  3 , an application server for managing an automatic transport control system including an integrated control system (TCS), a material control system (MCS) and a real-time dispatcher (RTD) may be established. In the system layer  300   a , databases RTD DB and MCS DB for storing information corresponding to the operations of the MCS and the RTD may be established together. However, this is only an embodiment and the present disclosure may not be limited, and a manufacturing execution system (MES) and a database (MES DB) corresponding thereto may be further established in the system layer  300   a.    
     The automated transportation system  3  according to an embodiment may be applied to a battery production process. The battery being produced and/or the produced battery by the battery production process may be transported by at least one of a plurality of transportation facilities disposed in the facility layer  300   b.    
     The battery in production and/or the battery produced may be transported by the first transportation facilities controlled by the integrated control system (TCS) established in the system layer  300   a . On the other hand, the battery in production and/or the produced battery may be transported by second transportation facilities controlled by a plurality of transportation facility control systems established in the facility layer  300   b.    
     The Multiple integrated control system (TCS) may be deployed in the server room spatially separated from the production site, and the integrated control system (TCS) may be controlled to transport batteries in production and/or produced batteries to the optimal route by the material control system (MCS), the real-time dispatcher (RTD), and/or the manufacturing execution system (MES). However, this is only an embodiment and the present disclosure may not be limited, and the automated transportation system  3  may be applied in various manners in various fields. 
       FIG.  6    is a block diagram illustrating an automated transportation system according to another embodiment.  FIG.  7    is a block diagram illustrating an automated transportation system according to another embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  6  and  7   , automated transportation systems  4  and  5  according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include facility layers  400   b  and  500   b  and system layers  400   a  and  500   a , respectively. Similar to the automated transportation system  2  described in  FIG.  4   , the facility layers  400   b  and  500   b  may correspond to a production site, and the system layers  400   a  and  500   a  may correspond to a server room spatially separated from the production site. 
     The facility layers  400   b  and  500   b  may include a plurality of transportation facilities. The plurality of transportation facilities included in the facility layers  400   b  and  500   b  may be any one of an automated guided vehicle (AGV), an overhead hoist transport (OHT), a stacker crane (SC), and a conveyor (C). For example, the plurality of transportation facilities included in the facility layer  400   b  in  FIG.  6    may be AGVs, and the plurality of transportation facilities included in the facility layer  500   b  in  FIG.  7    may be OHTs. However, this is only an example and the present disclosure may not be limited. 
     Referring to  FIG.  6   , in the automated transportation system  4  according to an embodiment, a plurality of transportation facility control systems, for example, ACSs, for controlling a plurality of transportation facilities, for example, AGVs, may be established in the system layer  400   a.    
     On the other hand, referring to  FIG.  7   , in the automated transportation system  5  according to an embodiment, one transportation facility control system, e.g., OHT control system, for controlling a plurality of transportation facilities, e.g., OHTs, may be established in the system layer  500   a.    
     In the system layers  400   a  and  500   a  of the automated transportation systems  4  and  5 , an application server may be established to manage the automatic transport control system including the material control system (MCS) and the real-time dispatcher (RTD) together with ACSs or OCS. In the system layers  400   a  and  500   a , databases RTD DB and MCS DB for storing information corresponding to the operations of the MCS and the RTD may be established together. However, this is only an embodiment and the present disclosure may not be limited, and a manufacturing execution system (MES) and a database (MES DB) corresponding thereto may be further established in the system layers  400   a  and  500   a.    
       FIG.  8    is a block diagram illustrating a system layer of an automated transportation system according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  8    may be a block diagram illustrating an example of the system layer  200   a  of the automated transportation system  2  according to the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  4   . The system layer  200   a  of the automated transportation system  2  may be a server room provided in a separate space spatially separated from the production site. 
     Referring to  FIG.  8   , in at least one hardware device disposed in the system layer  200   a , the integrated control system (TCS) and the automatic transport control systems MCS and RTD, which are integratedly managed by the application server in the server room, may be established. On the other hand, in at least one hardware device disposed in the system layer  200   a , a manufacturing execution system (MES) may be further established. 
     The integrated control system (TCS) controls a plurality of transportation facilities based on a transport command transmitted by the automatic transport control system (MCS, RTD) established together in the server room, to transport goods. 
     Systems included in the system layer  200   a  may be implemented as virtual machines (VMs) generated by at least one host. As an example, the integrated control system (TCS) and the automatic transport control system (MCS, RTD) may be managed by a plurality of virtualized hosts. 
     Referring to  FIG.  8   , a first control system (ACS #1, OCS #1, SCS #1, CCS #1), a first material control system (MCS APP #1), and a first real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #1) may be respectively managed by a first host (VMHOST #1) or a third host (VMHOST #3). On the other hand, a second control system (ACS #2, OCS #2, SCS #2, CCS #2), a second material control system (MCS APP #2), and a second real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #2) may be respectively managed by a second host (VMHOST #2) or a fourth host (VMHOST #4). As an example, the first control system (ACS #1, OCS #1, SCS #1, CCS #1) and the second control system (ACS #2, OCS #2, SCS #2, CCS #2) may be a transportation facility control system included in the integrated control system. 
     In the automated transportation system  2  according to an embodiment, systems managed by a plurality of hosts may have a redundancy structure or/and replication system design. Accordingly, even in a case in which a failure occurs in the network equipment occupying a portion of the automated transportation system  2 , the system function may be continuously provided. 
     For example, the first control system (ACS #1, OCS #1, SCS #1, CCS #1) and the second control system (ACS #2, OCS #2, SCS #2, CCS #2) managed by different hosts may have an active-standby structure. In addition, the first material control system (MCS APP #1) and the second material control system (MCS APP #2) managed by different hosts, and the first real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #1) and the second real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #2) managed by different hosts, may respectively have an active-active structure. 
     Systems managed by the first host (VMHOST #1) and the third host (VMHOST #3) may transmit/receive information to each other through message communication based on TCP/IP. Similarly, systems managed by the second host (VMHOST #2) and the fourth host (VMHOST #4) may transmit/receive information to each other through TCP/IP-based communication. On the other hand, the material control system (MCS APP) and the real-time dispatcher (RTD APP) may respectively transmit and receive information to and from the manufacturing execution systems (MES APP). 
     The transportation facility control systems included in the integrated control system (TCS), and the automatic transport control system (MCS, RTD), respectively, may process data on the operation of the automatic transport control system (MCS, RTD) stored in the database (MCS DB, RTD DB) of the automatic transport control system. For example, the respective systems may create, read, update, and delete related data. On the other hand, the real-time dispatcher (RTD) may read data stored in the database (MES DB) of the manufacturing execution system. 
     However, the structure of the system layer  200   a  illustrated in  FIG.  8   , the communication method between systems, and the data processing method are merely embodiments, and the present disclosure may not be limited. 
       FIGS.  9  and  10    are block diagrams illustrating the server structure in the automated transportation system according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  9  and  10   , as described above, systems managed by a plurality of hosts may have a redundancy structure or/and replication system design. 
     Referring to  FIG.  9   , the material control system may include a first material control system (MCS APP #1) and a second material control system (MCS APP #2) managed by different hosts, and the real-time dispatcher may include a first real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #1) and a second real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #2) managed by different hosts. In this case, the first material control system (MCS APP #1) and the second material control system (MCS APP #2), and the first real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #1) and the second real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #2) may respectively have an active-active structure. 
     According to the active-active structure, the application server (MES APP) of the manufacturing execution system may be respectively connected to the first material control system (MCS APP #1), the second material control system (MCS APP #2), the first real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #1), and the second real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #2). 
     The first material control system (MCS APP #1), the second material control system (MCS APP #2), the first real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #1), and the second real-time dispatcher (RTD APP #2) may always operate in an active state. On the other hand, in a case in which a failure occurs in the operation of any one system and/or dispatcher, another normal system and/or dispatcher may be used to replace the operation of the failed system and/or dispatcher. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10   , the integrated control system (TCS) may include the first control system (ACS #1, OCS #1, SCS #1, CCS #1) and the second control system (ACS #2, OCS #2, SCS #2, CCS #2) managed by different hosts. In this case, the first control system (ACS #1, OCS #1, SCS #1, CCS #1) and the second control system (ACS #2, OCS #2, SCS #2, CCS #2) may have an active-standby structure. 
     According to the active-standby structure, the database (MCS DB) of the material control system may be respectively connected to the first control system (ACS #1, OCS #1, SCS #1, CCS #1) and the second control system (ACS #2, OCS #2, SCS #2, CCS #2). 
     The first control system (ACS #1, OCS #1, SCS #1, CCS #1) may operate in an active state, and the second control system (ACS #2, OCS #2, SCS #2, CCS #2) may operate in a standby state. On the other hand, in a case in which a failure occurs in the operation of any one of the first control systems (ACS #1, OCS #1, SCS #1, CCS #1), the system is switched to a standby state and the corresponding control system is switched to an active state, thereby replacing the operation of the system that has failed. 
     As set forth above, the automated transportation system according to an embodiment may efficiently and stably improve the operating environment by managing transportation facilities in an integrated manner, and may promptly respond to problems that may occur in the system. 
     The automated transportation system according to an embodiment may improve the security environment by using an integrated control system that may only be accessed by an authorized administrator. 
     While embodiments have been illustrated and described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations could be made without departing from the scope of the present inventive concept as defined by the appended claims.