Patent Publication Number: US-2011064720-A1

Title: Dietary Supplement Compositions and Methods of Making and Using the Same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent application claims the benefit of priority to (i) U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/242,845 entitled “DIETARY SUPPLEMENT COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME” filed on Sep. 16, 2009, and (ii) U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/262,135 entitled “DIETARY SUPPLEMENT COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME” filed on Nov. 17, 2009, the subject matter of both of which is incorporated herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to dietary supplement compositions. The present invention further relates to methods of making and using dietary supplement compositions. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     There is a need in the art for dietary supplement compositions that provide one or more benefits including, but not limited to, heat shock response stimulation for muscle growth; enhance proper protein folding and apoptosis (i.e., death of defective cells); muscle repair; muscle recuperation from training; recovery from trauma, injury or intense exercise; speed muscle growth; pharmacologically inhibit the transcription factor NF-kappaB to enhance muscle regeneration; reduce inflammation; provide anti-aging benefits; modulate estrogen receptor; increase testosterone; and stimulate increases in hormone levels. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to dietary supplement compositions. The dietary supplement compositions comprise a combination of ingredients resulting in dietary supplement compositions that provide one or more benefits including, but not limited to, heat shock response stimulation for muscle growth; enhance proper protein folding and apoptosis (i.e., death of defective cells); muscle repair; muscle recuperation from training; recovery from trauma, injury or intense exercise; speed muscle growth; pharmacologically inhibit the transcription factor NF-kappaB to enhance muscle regeneration; reduce inflammation; provide anti-aging benefits; modulate estrogen receptor; increase testosterone; and stimulate increases in hormone levels. 
     Accordingly, the present invention is directed to dietary supplement compositions. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the dietary supplement compositions comprise curcumin or a curcumin derivative. The curcumin derivative may comprise, for example, an esterified curcumin having one or more hydroxyl groups thereon converted to an ester. In other exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the dietary supplement compositions comprise curcumin or a curcumin derivative in combination with resveratrol or a resveratrol ester alone or in combination with one or more additional components. 
     In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the dietary supplement composition of the present invention comprises (or consists essentially of, or consists of) a mixture of curcumin or a curcumin derivative (e.g., an esterified curcumin having one or more hydroxyl groups thereon converted to an ester), resveratrol or a resveratrol ester, carnitine or a carnitine derivative (e.g., (i) L-carnitine tartrate, (ii) acetyl-L-carnitine, (iii) L-carnitine tartrate and acetyl-L-carnitine, or (iv) L-carnitine fumarate), a protease complex comprising (i) papain, (ii) bromelain, or (iii) papain and bromelain, and ursolic acid or an ursolic acid ester. The dietary supplement composition may further comprise (or consists essentially of, or consists of) one or more additional components. 
     In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the dietary supplement composition of the present invention comprises (or consists essentially of, or consists of) at least one aspartic acid or aspartic acid derivative. Exemplary aspartic acids and aspartic acid derivatives include, but are not limited to, D-aspartic acid, L-aspartic acid, n-methyl-d-aspartic acid, L-aspartic acid methyl ester, D-aspartic acid methyl ester, any other aspartic acid ester, any aspartic acid salt, and any combination thereof. The dietary supplement compositions containing at least one aspartic acid or aspartic acid derivative may further comprise a number of additional composition components including, but not limited to, curcumin or a curcumin derivative (e.g., an esterified curcumin having one or more hydroxyl groups thereon converted to an ester), resveratrol or a resveratrol ester, carnitine or a carnitine derivative (e.g., (i) L-carnitine tartrate, (ii) acetyl-L-carnitine, (iii) L-carnitine tartrate and acetyl-L-carnitine or (iv) L-carnitine fumarate), a protease complex comprising (i) papain, (ii) bromelain, or (iii) papain and bromelain, ursolic acid or an ursolic acid ester, piperine extract, a Fungal protease 60,000 HUT, bromelain, a hydrophilic hypromellose polymer, or any combination thereof. The dietary supplement composition may further comprise (or consists essentially of, or consists of) one or more additional components. 
     The present invention is also directed to methods of making dietary supplement compositions. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method of making a dietary supplement composition comprises the step of blending one or more composition components with one another to form the resulting dietary supplement composition, wherein the one or more composition components comprise (or consist essentially of, or consist of) curcumin or a curcumin derivative (e.g., an esterified curcumin having one or more hydroxyl groups thereon converted to an ester) alone or in combination with resveratrol or a resveratrol ester, carnitine or a carnitine derivative (e.g., (i) L-carnitine tartrate, (ii) acetyl-L-carnitine, (iii) L-carnitine tartrate and acetyl-L-carnitine or (iv) L-carnitine fumarate), a protease complex comprising (i) papain, (ii) bromelain, or (iii) papain and bromelain, and ursolic acid or an ursolic acid ester. The one or more composition components may further comprise (or consists essentially of, or consists of) one or more additional components. 
     In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method of making a dietary supplement composition comprises the step of blending one or more composition components with one another to form the resulting dietary supplement composition, wherein the one or more composition components comprise (or consist essentially of, or consist of) at least one aspartic acid or aspartic acid derivative. The step of blending one or more composition components may further comprise blending at least one aspartic acid or aspartic acid derivative with a number of additional composition components including, but not limited to, curcumin or a curcumin derivative (e.g., an esterified curcumin having one or more hydroxyl groups thereon converted to an ester), resveratrol or a resveratrol ester, carnitine or a carnitine derivative (e.g., (i) L-carnitine tartrate, (ii) acetyl-L-carnitine, (iii) L-carnitine tartrate and acetyl-L-carnitine, or (iv) L-carnitine fumarate), a protease complex comprising (i) papain, (ii) bromelain, or (iii) papain and bromelain, ursolic acid or an ursolic acid ester, piperine extract, a Fungal protease 60,000 HUT, bromelain, a hydrophilic hypromellose polymer, or any combination thereof. 
     The present invention is further directed to methods of using the disclosed dietary supplement compositions. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method of using the disclosed dietary supplement composition comprises the step of ingesting the dietary supplement composition, wherein the dietary supplement composition comprises curcumin or a curcumin derivative (e.g., an esterified curcumin having one or more hydroxyl groups thereon converted to an ester) alone or in combination with resveratrol or a resveratrol ester, carnitine or a carnitine derivative (e.g., (i) L-carnitine tartrate, (ii) acetyl-L-carnitine, (iii) L-carnitine tartrate and acetyl-L-carnitine, or (iv) L-carnitine fumarate), a protease complex comprising (i) papain, (ii) bromelain, or (iii) papain and bromelain, and ursolic acid or an ursolic acid ester. The dietary supplement composition may further comprise (or consists essentially of, or consists of) one or more additional components. 
     In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method of using the disclosed dietary supplement composition comprises the step of ingesting the dietary supplement composition, wherein the dietary supplement composition comprises (or consists essentially of, or consists of) at least one aspartic acid or aspartic acid derivative. The ingested dietary supplement composition may further comprise a number of additional composition components including, but not limited to, curcumin or a curcumin derivative (e.g., an esterified curcumin having one or more hydroxyl groups thereon converted to an ester), resveratrol or a resveratrol ester, carnitine or a carnitine derivative (e.g., (i) L-carnitine tartrate, (ii) acetyl-L-carnitine, (iii) L-carnitine tartrate and acetyl-L-carnitine, or (iv) L-carnitine fumarate), a protease complex comprising (i) papain, (ii) bromelain, or (iii) papain and bromelain, ursolic acid or an ursolic acid ester, piperine extract, a Fungal protease 60,000 HUT, bromelain, a hydrophilic hypromellose polymer, or any combination thereof. 
     These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent after a review of the following detailed description of the disclosed embodiments and the appended claims. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to dietary supplement compositions. The present invention is further directed to methods of making and using dietary supplement compositions. 
     The dietary supplement compositions of the present invention may comprise a number of components. A description of individual components and combinations of individual components is provided below. 
     I. Dietary Supplement Composition Components 
     The dietary supplement compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more of the following components. 
     A. Curcumin or a Curcumin Derivative 
     The dietary supplement compositions of the present invention comprise curcumin or a curcumin derivative. Curcumin may have one of two structures shown below: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     An exemplary curcumin derivative comprises one of the above structures with one of more of the hydroxyl groups thereon converted to an ester, such as a methyl ester or ethyl ester. Typically, the alkyl group used to form the ester comprises from one to eight carbon atoms; however, any alkyl group may be used. 
     The dietary supplement compositions of the present invention typically comprise greater than 0 to about 7.0 weight percent (wt %) of curcumin or a curcumin derivative based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. In exemplary embodiments, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.5 to about 5.0 wt % (or from about 1.5 to about 4.8 wt %) of curcumin or a curcumin derivative based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. 
     B. Resveratrol or Resveratrol Ester 
     The dietary supplement compositions of the present invention may further comprise resveratrol or a resveratrol ester. Resveratrol esters include resveratrol with one of more of the hydroxyl groups thereon converted to an ester, such as a methyl ester or ethyl ester. Typically, the alkyl group used to form the ester comprises from one to eight carbon atoms; however, any alkyl group may be used. 
     When present, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention typically comprise greater than 0 to about 1.0 wt % of resveratrol or resveratrol ester based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. In exemplary embodiments, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.0001 to about 0.01 wt % of resveratrol or resveratrol ester based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. 
     C. Carnitine or Carnitine Derivative 
     The dietary supplement compositions of the present invention may further comprise carnitine or a carnitine derivative. Suitable carnitine derivatives include, but are not limited to, (i) L-carnitine tartrate, (ii) acetyl-L-carnitine, or (iii) L-carnitine tartrate and acetyl-L-carnitine. When present, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention typically comprise greater than 0 to about 1.5 wt % of carnitine or carnitine derivative based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. In exemplary embodiments, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.01 to about 0.8 wt % of carnitine or carnitine derivative based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. 
     D. Protease Complex 
     The dietary supplement compositions of the present invention may further comprise a protease complex. Suitable protease complexes include, but are not limited to, a protease complex comprising (i) papain, (ii) bromelain, or (iii) papain and bromelain. When present, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention typically comprise greater than 0 to about 5.0 wt % of a protease complex based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. In exemplary embodiments, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention comprise from about 1.0 to about 4.0 wt % (or from about 2.0 to about 3.0 wt %) of a protease complex based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. 
     E. Ursolic Acid or Ursolic Acid Ester 
     The dietary supplement compositions of the present invention may further comprise ursolic acid or ursolic acid ester. Ursolic acid esters include ursolic acid with one of more of the acid groups thereon converted to an ester, such as a methyl ester or ethyl ester. Typically, the alkyl group used to form the ester comprises from one to eight carbon atoms; however, any alkyl group may be used. 
     When present, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention typically comprise greater than 0 to about 1.0 wt % of ursolic acid or ursolic acid ester based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. In exemplary embodiments, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.0001 to about 0.01 wt % of ursolic acid or ursolic acid ester based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. 
     F. Aspartic Acid or Aspartic Acid Derivative 
     The dietary supplement compositions of the present invention may further comprise an aspartic acid or an aspartic acid derivative. As used herein, the term “aspartic acid derivative” includes, but is not limited to, any ester of aspartic acid, any salt of aspartic acid, and any complex comprising aspartic acid and a delivery component. Exemplary aspartic acids and aspartic acid derivatives include, but are not limited to, D-aspartic acid, L-aspartic acid, n-methyl-d-aspartic acid, L-aspartic acid methyl ester, D-aspartic acid methyl ester, orotates of aspartic acid, and alpha-ketoglutarates of aspartic acid. 
     When present, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention typically comprise greater than 0 to about 10.0 wt % of one or more aspartic acids and/or aspartic acid derivatives based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. In exemplary embodiments, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.0001 to about 5.0 wt % of one or more aspartic acids and/or aspartic acid derivatives based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition. 
     When present, the one or more aspartic acids and/or aspartic acid derivatives provide one or more of the following benefits: enhanced physiological properties via stimulation of the n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor through d-aspartic acid utilization; enhanced antagonistic effects of the NMDA receptor, which stimulates hypothalamus induced hormone increases; targeting of organs so as to stimulate a wide variety of hormonal increases; independent stimulation of hormonal increase on target organs independent of NMDA stimulation; life extension and longevity via youthful hormonal output; bodybuilding and muscle growth and development via anabolic hormone release; sexual performance via increase erectile capacity and libido and testosterone increase; weight loss and mental acuity via hormonal induced pathways; cognitive function via increase of dopamine stimulation by the same pathway; strength increase; endurance enhancement via testosterone, growth hormone, igf-1 and igf-2 increases. 
     It is believed that the one or more aspartic acids and/or aspartic acid derivatives, through interaction with the n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and tissue/organ specific pathways, induce hypothalmic, pituitary, ovarie and testi to release one or more of these hormones and neurotransmitters: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), testosterone, leutenizing hormone, human growth hormone, dopamine, igf-1, igf-2, melatonin, GHRH (gonadotropic hormone releasing hormone), LHRH (leutinizing hormone releasing hormone), androstenedione, dhea, progesterone, estradiol, prolactin. 
     It is further believed that the one or more aspartic acids and/or aspartic acid derivatives provide improvement to one or more of the following body functions: erection improvement in men, libido increase in men and women, endurance enhancement for athletic performance, fat loss, strength improvement for athletic performance, increased muscle growth, cognitive enhancement, and body rejuvenating effects for anti-aging. 
     G. Additional Components 
     The dietary supplement compositions of the present invention may further comprise one or more of the following additional components as shown in Table 1 below. When present, the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention typically comprise greater than 0 to about 1.0 wt % of a given additional component based on a total weight of a given dietary supplement composition unless otherwise noted in Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Composition Components 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Label Name/Extract 
                 Typical Weight Percent Based on 
               
               
                 Component 
                 Component 
                 Total Weight of Composition 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Caffeine Anhydrous 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Theophyline 
                 From Guarana Extract 
               
               
                 1,3-Dimethylamylamine 
               
               
                 Yohimbine HCL 
                 Yohimban-16alpha- 
               
               
                   
                 carboxylic acid, 17beta- 
               
               
                   
                 hydroxy-, methyl ester 
               
               
                   
                 (8CI) 
               
               
                   Huperzine  (from 
               
               
                   Huperzia serrata ) 
               
               
                 L-Theanine 
               
               
                 Vincopoetine 
               
               
                 Glucoronolactone 
               
               
                 L-Tyrosine 
               
               
                 Fucoidan 
               
               
                 L-Arginine 
                   
                 up to about 75 wt %, typically from 
               
               
                   
                   
                 about 16 to about 66 wt % 
               
               
                 Di-Arginine Orotate 
                   
                 up to about 8.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 3.0 to about 5.0 wt % 
               
               
                 Palmatine (Ext. of 
                 o,o-dimethyldemethylene- 
               
               
                   Phellodendron ) 
                 berberine 
               
               
                 L-Arginine Ethyl Ester 
               
               
                 HCL 
               
               
                 L-Citrulline Malate 
               
               
                 L-Norvaline 
               
               
                 Adenosine 5′- 
               
               
                 Triphosphate Disodium 
               
               
                 Creatine Monohydrate 
                   
                 up to about 20 wt %, typically from 
               
               
                   
                   
                 about 4.0 to about 15 wt % 
               
               
                 Beta Alanine 
                   
                 up to about 8.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 2.0 to about 4.0 wt % 
               
               
                 Di-Creatine Orotate 
                   
                 up to about 10.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 2.0 to about 9.0 wt % 
               
               
                 Creatine Ethyl Ester 
               
               
                 HCL 
               
               
                 Creatinol-O-Phosphate 
               
               
                 Sodium Bicarbonate 
               
               
                 Trimethylglycine 
                 Trimethylaminoacetate 
               
               
                   Capsicasum  Extract 
                 CH-19 Sweet 
               
               
                 Evodiamine 
                 Isoevodiamine 
               
               
                 Gamma-Butyrobetaine 
               
               
                 (GBB) Ethyl Ester HCL 
               
               
                 Choline Bitartate 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.0 wt % 
               
               
                 Potassium Orotate 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 3.0 wt % 
               
               
                 Citicoline 
                 (from stabilized cytidine 5′ 
               
               
                   
                 diphosphocholine) 
               
               
                 Piperine Extract 
               
               
                   Roobios  Extract 
                 Aspalathin 
               
               
                 Component 
               
               
                   Roobios  Extract 
                 Nothofagin 
               
               
                 Component 
               
               
                 L-Leucine Methyl Ester 
                 (2R)-2-Amino-4-Methyl- 
               
               
                 HCL 
                 Pentanoic Acid Methyl 
               
               
                   
                 Ester HCL 
               
               
                 L-Leucine 
                   
                 up to about 20 wt %, typically from 
               
               
                   
                   
                 about 12 to about 15 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Isoleucine 
                   
                 up to about 4.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 0.1 to about 3.0 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Valine 
                   
                 up to about 10 wt %, typically from 
               
               
                   
                   
                 about 0.1 to about 7.0 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Taurine 
                   
                 up to about 8.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 2.0 to about 4.0 wt % 
               
               
                 Vanadyl Sulfate 
                 Oxidovanadium (2+) 
               
               
                   
                 Sulfate 
               
               
                 Bitter Melon 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.0 wt % 
               
               
                 Lipoic Acid 
                 Sodium R-lipoate 
               
               
                 Cinnamon Extract 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.0 wt % 
               
               
                 Waxy Maize 
                 High Molecular Weight 
                 up to about 20 wt %, typically from 
               
               
                   
                 Glucose Polymer 
                 about 13 to about 15 wt % 
               
               
                 Glycerol Stearate 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.0 wt % 
               
               
                 Di-Calcium Phosphate 
               
               
                 Di-Potassium Phosphate 
               
               
                 Di-Sodium Phosphate 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-2 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-3 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-6 
                   
                 RDA - 1500% 1   
               
               
                 Vitamin B-9 
                   
                 RDA - 10% 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-12 
                 as Cyclocobalum and 
                 RDA - 1500% 
               
               
                   
                 Dibencozide 
               
               
                 Vitamin D-3 
                   
                 200 IU 
               
               
                 Citric Acid 
                   
                 up to about 2.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 0.1 to about 1.5 wt % 
               
               
                 Lemon Lime Flavor 
                   
                 up to about 2.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 0.1 to about 1.5 wt % 
               
               
                 Acesulfame K 
               
               
                 Sucralose 
               
               
                 Silicon Dioxide 
               
               
                 Alfalfa Powder (for 
               
               
                 color) 
               
               
                 Ferulic Acid 
                 Artichoke Plant Extract 
               
               
                 
                   Aesculus 
                 
               
               
                   Hippocastanum  Extract 
               
               
                   Salix Alba  Extract 
               
               
                 Hydrophilic 
                 Time Release Formulation 
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                 Hypromellose Polymers 
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.5 wt % 
               
               
                 Cobalt Orotate 
                 Other forms of Cobalt 
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                 may be used 
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.5 wt % 
               
               
                 
                   Echinacha Purpure 
                 
               
               
                 Extract 
               
               
                 
                   Portulaca Oleracea 
                 
               
               
                 Extract 
               
               
                 Arachadonic Acid 
               
               
                 Sclareolide 
                 Clary Sage Extract 
               
               
                 Forskolin 
                 Forskolin ( Coleus   
               
               
                   
                   Forskohlii  Extract) 
               
               
                 Quercetin 
               
               
                 Magnesium Orotate 
               
               
                 Vanadyl Sulfate 
                 Oxidovanadium (2+) 
               
               
                   
                 Sulfate 
               
               
                 Berberine HCL 
               
               
                 Riboflavin 
                   
                 250% RDA 
               
               
                 Befiomatine 
               
               
                 Fursultiamine 
               
               
                 Dibencozide 
               
               
                 Vasofolate 
               
               
                 (methyltetrahydrofolate) 
               
               
                 Folate 
                   
                 up to about 12.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 8.0 to about 10 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Glutamine 
                   
                 up to about 30 wt %, typically from 
               
               
                   
                   
                 about 24 to about 28 wt % 
               
               
                 Glutamine AKG 
               
               
                 Glutamine Nitrate 
               
               
                 Glutamine Ethyl Ester 
               
               
                 HCL 
               
               
                 L-Lysine 
                   
                 up to about 10 wt %, typically from 
               
               
                   
                   
                 about 5.0 to about 7.0 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Phenylalanine 
                   
                 up to about 10 wt %, typically from 
               
               
                   
                   
                 about 5.0 to about 7.0 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Threonine 
                   
                 up to about 6.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 3.0 to about 4.5 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Histidine 
                   
                 up to about 5.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 2.0 to about 4.0 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Methionine 
                   
                 up to about 4.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 2.0 to about 3.0 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Proline 
                   
                 up to about 2.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 0.5 to about 1.5 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Tryptophan 
                   
                 up to about 2.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 0.5 to about 1.5 wt % 
               
               
                 
                   Bacopa Monnieri 
                 
               
               
                 Extract (L-DOPA) 
               
               
                 GABA 
                   
                 up to about 2.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 0.5 to about 1.5 wt % 
               
               
                 GHRP-2 
               
               
                 L-Glycine 
               
               
                 Phosphoserine 
               
               
                   Ginko Biloba  Extract 
               
               
                   Ginseng  Extract 
               
               
                   Rhodiola Rosea  Extract 
               
               
                 Beta-hydroxy-beta- 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                 methylbutyrate (HMB) 
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.5 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Leucine nitrate 
               
               
                 L-isoleucine nitrate 
               
               
                 L-Valine nitrate 
               
               
                 Orange flavor #30001 
                   
                 up to about 8.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 5.0 wt % 
               
               
                 Fungal protease 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                 60,000 HUT 
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.5 wt % 
               
               
                 bromelain 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.5 wt % 
               
               
                 Glycerol monostearate 
                   
                 up to about 15.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 13 wt % 
               
               
                 aspartame 
               
               
                 Phosphatadyl serine 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                 20% 
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.5 wt % 
               
               
                 Thiamin (Vitamin B-1) 
               
               
                 Folic Acid 
               
               
                 Biotin 
               
               
                 Pantothenic Acid 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.5 wt % 
               
               
                 Vitamin D-3 (Calciferol) 
               
               
                 Cobalt Chelate 
               
               
                 
                   Portulaca Oleracea 
                 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                 Extract (5% Flavones) 
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.5 wt % 
               
               
                 Archadonic Acid 
                   
                 up to about 3.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 1.0 to about 2.5 wt % 
               
               
                 L-Arginine-alpha- 
                   
                 up to about 50.0 wt %, typically 
               
               
                 ketoglutarate 
                   
                 from about 15.0 to about 45.0 wt % 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   1 Up to 1500% of the recommended daily amount. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     II. Methods of Making Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     The present invention is further directed to methods of making the above-described dietary supplement compositions. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method of making a given dietary supplement composition comprises the step of mixing the above-described composition components to form a powder. In some exemplary embodiments, the method of making a given dietary supplement composition may further comprise one or more of the following steps: weighing one or more composition components prior to mixing; compressing the mixture into tablets using conventional tablet forming techniques; packaging the dietary supplement composition in a container (e.g., a non-pressurized bottle, a bulk plastic container, etc.); providing an amount of dietary supplement composition (e.g., powder or tablet or capsule) as a single serving in a single unit of packaging material; providing on the packaging material, for example, via printed information, a description of a single serving; providing a scoop for powder dietary supplement composition, wherein the scoop measures a single serving of dietary supplement composition; and offering for sale the dietary supplement composition. 
     In some exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the method of making a dietary supplement composition may comprise specific formulation of ingredients to provide one or more specific functions/benefits. For example, the following combinations of ingredients may be formulated to achieve a particular function/benefit for the resulting composition: 
     Air-Strike Adreno/Neuro Stimulant Blend: 
     Caffeine Anhydrous, 1,3-Dimethylamylamine, Theophylline (From Guarana Extract), 1-Oxo-5Beta, 6Beta-Epoxy-Witha-2-Ene-27-Ethoxy-Olide (From  Withania Somnifera  Extract), Yohimban-16Alpha-Carboxylic Acid, 17Beta-Hydroxy-, and Methyl Ester (8CI) 
     Smart Munition Nootropic/Cognitive Enhancement System: 
     Oxiracetam, Huperzine, L-Theanine, Vincopoetine, L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine, L-Tyrosine, and Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate Dihydrochloride 
     Nitric Oxide Plasma Scorch Technology: 
     Arginine-O,O-Dimethyldemethyleneberberine Dual Matrix, Fucoidin-Di-Arginine Orotate Inter-Fusion, L-Arginine Nitrate, L-Arginine Ethyl Ester HCL, 3b-Hydroxy-Urs-12-En-28-Oic Acid, L-Citrulline Malate, and L-Norvaline 
     Advanced Multiphase ATP/Volume Detonation Performance Matrix: 
     Creatine Monohydrate-Beta Alanine Inter-Fusion, Di-Creatine Orotate, Creatine Ethyl Ester HCL, Creatinol-O-Phosphate, Trimethylglycine, and Sodium Bicarbonate 
     Core Heat Stress Amplification Fusion: 
     CH-19 Sweet, Isoevodiamine, and Rutaecarpine 
     Heat Shock Protein Trigger/Hermetic Agents: 
     1,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,7-nonadiene-4,6-dione 
     Heat Shock Pathway/Vitagene Encoding Matrix: 
     5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol, L-Carnitine Tartrate, L-Carnitine Acetyl Ester, Caffeic Acid 3-Methyl Ether, and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester 
     Heat Shock Protein Enzymatic Refueling Composite: 
     Fermented Papaya Extract (Papain), Bromelain, (Protease ph 4.5), (Protease ph 7.0), (Protease ph 3.0) Actinidin, Ficain, and Serratiopeptidase 
     (FADA-VO2) Fatty Acid Dumping Agent [b-oxidation] VO2-Max Accelerator: 
     Gamma-Butyrobetaine (GBB) Ethyl Ester HCL, L-Carnitine Fumarate, Choline Bitartrate, and  Hippophae Rhamnoides  L. Extract 
     3X-Aminobolic BCAA Matrix: 
     Aspalathin-Leucine, Nothofagin-L-Isoleucine, and Xanthaurine-L-Valine 
     (PICIA) Pro-Insulin Cell Infusion Agent: 
     L-Taurine, Oxidovanadium(2+) Sulfate, Berberine HCL, Bitter Melon, Sodium R-Lipoate, and Cinnamon Extract 
     PXM-5 Plasma Xpansion Matrix: 
     Waxy Maize (High Molecular Weight Branched Chain Glucose Polymer) 
     GPLA-3 Phospho-Glycero Loading Agent: 
     Di-Calcium Phosphate, Di-Potassium Phosphate, Di-Sodium Phosphate, and Glycerol Stearate 
     (ESA) EPO Stimulating Matrix: 
     Cobalt Orotate,  Portulaca Oleracea  Extract (5% Flavones), ( Echinacea Purpurea  (whole plant)  Echinacea angustifolia  (root)) (4% Polyphenols), and Icosa-5,8,11,14-Tetraenoic Acid (Archadonic Acid) 
     (PVEVA) Vascular System Elasticity/Viscosity Agent: 
     Salicin ( Salix Alba  Extract), Nattokinase (Protease Enzyme), Aescin ( Aesculus Hippocastanum  Extract), and EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid) 
     (SSEC) Synergistic (cAMP) Stimulating EPO/Cofactor: 
     7-beta-Acetoxy-8,13-epoxy-1-alpha,6-beta,9-alpha-trihydroxylabd-14-en-11-one ( Coleus Forskohlii  Extract), and Decahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylnaphtho(2,1-b)furan-2(1H)-one (Clary Sage Extract) 
     VO2-MAX Amplifying Matrix: 
     2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-chromen-4-one (Quercetin), Magnesium Orotate, and Potassium Orotate 
     (TRB) Time Release Blend: 
     Hydrophilic Hypromellose Polymers 
     Heat Shock Pathway/Vitagene Encoding Matrix: 
     5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol, L-Carnitine Tartrate, L-Carnitine Acetyl Ester, and Caffeic Acid 3-Methyl Ether 
     Glutamine Aminobolic Cell-Swelling/HSP Trigger: 
     L-Glutamine (2-Amino-4-Carbamoyl-Butanoic Acid), Glutamine AKG, Glutamine Ethyl Ester HCL, and Glutamine Nitrate 
     8× Essential Amino Acid Matrix: 
     L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Threonine, L-Histidine, and L-Methionine, 
     HGH Megaton 2-IU Switch: 
     L-Dopa (2S)-2-Amino-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) Propanoic Acid ( Bacopa Monnieri  Extract), GABA (Gama Amino Butyric Acid), GHRP-2 (Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2), and L-Glycine 
     C-SHOCK Adaptogenic/Anti-Cortisol Recovery Agent: 
     Phosphoserine, Ginkgolide B ( Gingko Biloba  Extract), Rosavin, Salidrosides ( Rhodiola Rosea  Extract), and Ginsenosides Rg3 and Rb1 (Siberian Ginseng Extract) 
     (PICIA) Pro-Insulin Cell Infusion Agent: 
     L-Taurine, Oxidovanadium(2+) Sulfate, Berberine HCL, Bitter Melon, Sodium R-lipoate, and Cinnamon Extract 
     It should be noted that the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention may comprise (consist essentially of, or consist of) any combination of the disclosed composition components. Further, many of the disclosed composition components are optional for a given dietary supplement composition, and in some embodiments, specifically left out of a given dietary supplement composition. For example, some of the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention may be specifically formulated to not contain one or more of the following disclosed composition components: caffeine, creatine or creatine derivatives (e.g., creatine monohydrate, di-creatine orotate, creatine ethyl ester HCL, and creatinol-o-phosphate), and artificial dyes. 
     Any of the disclosed dietary supplement compositions of the present invention may be formulated to have a desired maximum level of carbohydrates therein. For example, in some embodiments, the dietary supplement composition of the present invention comprises (or consists of) less than about 10 grams (g) of carbohydrates per serving (or dose). In other embodiments, the dietary supplement composition of the present invention comprises (or consists of) less than about 5.0 g (or less than 3.0 g, or less than 1.0 g) of carbohydrates per serving (or dose). 
     As shown in examples below, some of the dietary supplement compositions of the present invention are specifically formulated to contain one or more of the following specific disclosed composition components: curcumin or a curcumin derivative (e.g., an esterified curcumin having one or more hydroxyl groups thereon converted to an ester); resveratrol or a resveratrol ester (e.g., resveratrol triacetate ester); carnitine or a carnitine derivative (e.g., (i) L-carnitine tartrate, (ii) acetyl-L-carnitine, (iii) L-carnitine tartrate and acetyl-L-carnitine or (iv) L-carnitine fumarate); a protease complex comprising (i) papain, (ii) bromelain, or (iii) papain and bromelain; ursolic acid or an ursolic acid ester; 1,3-dimethylamylamine; d-aspartic acid; n-methyl-d-aspartate; vitamin D; arginine or an arginine derivative (e.g., arginine alpha ketoglutarate); and S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe). 
     III. Methods of Using Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     The present invention is further directed to methods of using the above-described dietary supplement compositions. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method of using a dietary supplement composition comprises the step of ingesting the dietary supplement composition of the present invention. The dietary supplement composition may be ingested via one of the following forms: oral capsule, powder drink, tablet, spray, and liquid drink. 
     In other embodiments, a dietary supplement composition may be applied to a user via one or more of the following methods of delivery: transdermal cream, intra mucous membrane suppository, nasal spray, and oral strip. In some exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the method of using a dietary supplement composition comprises one or more of the following steps: mixing the dietary supplement composition with a liquid (e.g., water, soda, coffee); and adding the dietary supplement to food (e.g., baked goods, yogurt, fruit). 
     In other embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods of providing one or more benefits including, but not limited to, heat shock response stimulation for muscle growth; enhance proper protein folding and apoptosis (i.e., death of defective cells); muscle repair; muscle recuperation from training; recovery from trauma, injury or intense exercise; speed muscle growth; pharmacologically inhibit the transcription factor NF-kappaB to enhance muscle regeneration; reduce inflammation; provide anti-aging benefits; modulate estrogen receptor; increase testosterone; and stimulate increases in hormone levels via ingestion of one or more of the disclosed dietary supplement compositions described herein. 
     The present invention is described above and further illustrated below by way of examples, which are not to be construed in any way as imposing limitations upon the scope of the invention. On the contrary, it is to be clearly understood that resort may be had to various other embodiments, modifications, and equivalents thereof which, after reading the description herein, may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and/or the scope of the appended claims. 
     It should be noted that in the following examples the term “up to 25 mg” (or any other amount) is used to indicate that a given component is present in an amount of greater than 0 up to 25 mg (or any other amount listed with the phrase “up to”). 
     Example 1 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 2 below. For example, a given exemplary composition may comprise any amount of L-Theanine up to 500 mg (i.e., any amount greater than 0 up to 500 mg), but comprises 105 mg of L-Tyrosine. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Component 
                 Label Name/Extract Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Caffeine Anhydrous 
                   
                 up to 400 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Theophyline 
                 From Guarana Extract 
                 up to 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 1,3-Dimethylamylamine 
                   
                 up to 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Yohimbine HCL 
                 Yohimban-16alpha-carboxylic acid, 
                 2 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 17beta-hydroxy-, methyl ester (8CI) 
               
               
                   Huperzine  (from  Huperzia   
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   serrata ) 
               
               
                 L-Theanine 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Vincopoetine 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Glucoronolactone 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Tyrosine 
                   
                 105 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Fucoidan 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Arginine 
                   
                 2.5 
                 g 
               
               
                 Di-Arginine Orotate 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Palmatine (Ext. of 
                 o,o-dimethyldemethyleneberberine 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Phellodendron) 
               
               
                 L-Arginine Ethyl Ester HCL 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Ursolic Acid 
                 3b-Hydroxy-Urs-12-En-28-Oic Acid (as 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Danshen extract) 
               
               
                 L-Citrulline Malate 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Norvaline 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Disodium 
               
               
                 Creatine Monohydrate 
                   
                 2 
                 g 
               
               
                 Beta Alanine 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Di-Creatine Orotate 
                   
                 1 
                 g 
               
               
                 Creatine Ethyl Ester HCL 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Creatinol-O-Phosphate 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Sodium Bicarbonate 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Trimethylglycine 
                 Trimethylaminoacetate 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Capsicasum Extract 
                 CH-19 Sweet 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Evodiamine 
                 Isoevodiamine 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Curcumin (High Potency 
                 1,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Cucurmin Extract) 
                 2,7-nonadiene-4,6-dione 
               
               
                 Resveratrol (Grape Seed 
                 5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene- 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Extract) 
                 1,3-diol 
               
               
                 L-Carnitine Tartrate 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Acetyl-L-Carnitine 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Gamma- 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Butyrobetaine(GBB) Ethyl 
               
               
                 Ester HCL 
               
               
                 Choline Bitartate 
                   
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Potassium Orotate 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Citicoline 
                 (from stabilized cytidine 5′ 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 diphosphocholine) 
               
               
                 L-Carnitine Fumarate 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Protease Complex 
                 Fermented Papaya Extract (Papain), 
                 400 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Bromelain, (Protease ph 4.5), (Protease 
               
               
                   
                 ph 7.0), (Protease ph 3.0) Actinidin, 
               
               
                   
                 Ficain, Serratiopeptidase 
               
               
                 Piperine Extract 
               
               
                   Roobios  Extract Component 
                 Aspalathin 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   Roobios  Extract Component 
                 Nothofagin 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Leucine Methyl Ester 
                 (2R)-2-Amino-4-Methyl-Pentanoic Acid 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 HCL 
                 Methyl Ester HCL 
               
               
                 L-Leucine 
                   
                 2000 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Isoleucine 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Valine 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Taurine 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Vanadyl Sulfate 
                 Oxidovanadium (2+) Sulfate 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Bitter Melon 
                   
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Lipoic Acid 
                 Sodium R-lipoate 
                 20 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Cinnamon Extract 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Waxy Maize 
                 High Molecular Weight Glucose Polymer 
                 2 
                 g 
               
               
                 Glycerol Stearate 
                   
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Di-Calcium Phosphate 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Di-Potassium Phosphate 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Di-Sodium Phosphate 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-2 
                   
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-3 
                   
                 25 
                 mg 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Vitamin B-6 
                   
                 RDA - 1500% 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-9 
                   
                 RDA - 10% 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-12 
                 As Cyclocobalum and Dibencozide 
                 RDA - 1500% 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Vitamin D-3 
                   
                 200 
                 IU 
               
               
                 Citric Acid 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Lemon Lime Flavor 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Acesulfame K 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Sucralose 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Silicon Dioxide 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Alfalfa Powder (for color) 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The resulting compositions had a powder consistency and a fruit punch/orange flavor. 
     Example 2 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Other exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 3 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Component 
                 Label Name/Extract Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Fucoidan 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Arginine 
                   
                 2.8 
                 g 
               
               
                 Di-Arginine Orotate 
                   
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 (Palmatine) Extract of 
                 O,O-Dimethyldemethyleneberberine 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 
                   Phellodendron 
                 
               
               
                 L-Arginine Ethyl Ester HCL 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Ursolic Acid 
                 3b-Hydroxy-Urs-12-En-28-Oic Acid (as 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Danshen extract) 
               
               
                 L-Citrulline Malate 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Norvaline 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Disodium 
               
               
                 Creatine Monohydrate 
                   
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Beta Alanine 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Di-Creatine Orotate 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Creatine Ethyl Ester HCL 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Creatinol-O-Phosphate 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Trimethylglycine 
                 Trimethylaminoacetate 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Curcumin (High Potency 
                 1,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Cucurmin Extract) 
                 2,7-nonadiene-4,6-dione 
               
               
                 Resveratrol (Grape Seed 
                 5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene- 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Extract) 
                 1,3-diol 
               
               
                 L-Carnitine Tartrate 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Acetyl-L-Carnitine 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Ferulic Acid 
                 Artichoke Plant Extract 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Protease Complex 
                 Fermented Papaya Extract (Papain), 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Bromelain, (Protease ph 4.5), (Protease 
               
               
                   
                 ph 7.0), (Protease ph 3.0) Actinidin, 
               
               
                   
                 Ficain, Serratiopeptidase, Nattokinase 
               
               
                 
                   Aesculus Hippocastanum 
                 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Extract 
               
               
                   Salix Alba  Extract 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Hydrophilic Hypromellose 
                 Time Release Formulation 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Polymers 
               
               
                 Cobalt Orotate 
                 Other forms of Cobalt may be used 
                 100 
                 mcg 
               
               
                   Echinacha Purpure  Extract 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   Portulaca Oleracea  Extract 
                   
                 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Arachadonic Acid 
                   
                 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Sclareolide 
                 Clary Sage Extract 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Forskolin 
                 Forskolin ( Coleus Forskohlii  Extract) 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Quercetin 
                   
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Potassium Oroate 
                   
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Magnesium Orotate 
                   
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Vanadyl Sulfate 
                 Oxidovanadium (2+) Sulfate 
                 3 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Berberine HCL 
                   
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Bitter Melon 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Lipoic Acid 
                 Sodium R-lipoate 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Cinnamon Extract 
                   
                 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-2 
                 as Riboflavin, Benfiomatine and 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Fursultiamine 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-3 
                 Niacin 
                 30 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-6 
                 (as Pyridoxine HCL And Pyridoxine 5- 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Phosphate) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Vitamin B-9 
                 Folate (see below) 
                  100% 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-12 
                 As Dibencozide and other cofactors 
                 1500% 
               
               
                 Riboflavin 
                   
                 250% RDA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Befiomatine 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Fursultiamine 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Dibencozide 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Vasofolate 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 (methyltetrahydrofolate) 
               
               
                 Folate 
                   
                 400 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The resulting compositions were formed into caplets and bottled. 
     Example 3 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Other exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 4 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Component 
                 Label Name/Extract Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Creatine Monohydrate 
                   
                 2 
                 g 
               
               
                 Beta Alanine 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Di-Creatine Orotate 
                   
                 1 
                 g 
               
               
                 Creatine Ethyl Ester HCL 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Creatinol-O-Phosphate 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Trimethylglycine 
                 Trimethylaminoacetate 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Curcumin (High Potency 
                 1,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Cucurmin Extract) 
                 2,7-nonadiene-4,6-dione 
               
               
                 Resveratrol (Grape Seed 
                 5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene- 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Extract) 
                 1,3-diol 
               
               
                 L-Carnitine Tartrate 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Acetyl-L-Carnitine 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Ferusolic Acid 
                 Artichoke Plant Extract 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Protease Complex 
                 Fermented  Papaya  Extract (Papain), 
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Bromelain, (Protease ph 4.5), (Protease 
               
               
                   
                 ph 7.0), (Protease ph 3.0) Actinidin, 
               
               
                   
                 Ficain, Serratiopeptidase, Nattokinase 
               
               
                 L-Glutamine 
                   
                 5 
                 g 
               
               
                 Glutamine AKG 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Glutamine Nitrate 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Glutamine Ethyl Ester HCL 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Leucine 
                   
                 2500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Isoleucine 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Valine 
                   
                 1200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Lysine 
                   
                 1200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Phenylalanine 
                   
                 1200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Threonine 
                   
                 800 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Histidine 
                   
                 650 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Methionine 
                   
                 450 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Proline 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Tryptophan 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                   Bacopa Monnieri  Extract 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 (L-DOPA) 
               
               
                 GABA 
                   
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 GHRP-2 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Glycine 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Phosphoserine 
                   
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   Ginko Biloba  Extract 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   Ginseng  Extract 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   Rhodiola Rosea  Extract 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Taurine 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Vanadyl Sulfate 
                 Oxidovanadium (2+) Sulfate 
                 3 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Bitter Melon 
                   
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Lipoic Acid 
                 Sodium R-lipoate 
                 20 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Cinnamon Extract 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Citric Acid 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Lemon Lime Flavor 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Acesulfame K 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Sucralose 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Silicon Dioxide 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Alfalfa Powder (for color) 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The resulting compositions had a powder consistency and a fruit punch/orange flavor. 
     Example 4 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 5 below. For example, a given exemplary composition may comprise any amount of resveratrol up to 500 mg (i.e., any amount greater than 0 up to 500 mg), but comprises 100 mg of curcumin. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Component 
                 Label Name/Extract Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Caffeine Anhydrous 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 1,3-Dimethylamylamine 
                   
                 up to 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Taurine 
                   
                 up to 4000 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Glucoronolactone 
                   
                 up to 1000 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Resveratrol (Grape Seed 
                 5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene- 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Extract) 50% 
                 1,3-diol 
               
               
                 Curcumin (High Potency 
                 1,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Cucurmin Extract) 
                 2,7-nonadiene-4,6-dione 
               
               
                 resveratrol tri-acetate ester 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 curcumin mono-acetate 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 ester 
               
               
                 curcumin di-acetate ester 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 alpha-Lipoic Acid 
                 Sodium R-lipoate 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCL 
                   
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Evodiamine extract 98% 
                 Isoevodiamine 
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Di-Arginine Orotate 
                   
                 900 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Trimethylglycine 
                 Trimethylaminoacetate 
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Beta Alanine 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-aspartic acid 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 D-aspartic acid 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 n-methyl-d-aspartate 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 D-aspartic acid methyl ester 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Leucine 
                   
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Beta-hydroxy-beta- 
                   
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 methylbutyrate (HMB) 
               
               
                 L-Leucine nitrate 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-isoleucine 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-isoleucine nitrate 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Valine 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Valine nitrate 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Piperine Extract 95% 
                 bioperine 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Orange flavor #30001 
                   
                 600 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Citric Acid 
                   
                 800 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Acesulfame K 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Fungal protease 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 60,000 HUT 
               
               
                 bromelain 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Glycerol monostearate 
                   
                 1000 
                 mg 
               
               
                 sucralose 
                   
                 150 
                 mg 
               
               
                 aspartame 
                   
                 30 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The resulting compositions had a powder consistency and an orange flavor. 
     Example 5 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 6 below. For example, a given exemplary composition may comprise any amount of resveratrol 95% up to 500 mg (i.e., any amount greater than 0 up to 500 mg), but comprises 100 mg of curcumin. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Component 
                 Label Name/Extract Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Resveratrol (Grape Seed 
                 5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene- 
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Extract) 95% 
                 1,3-diol 
               
               
                 Curcumin (High Potency 
                 1,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Cucurmin Extract) 
                 2,7-nonadiene-4,6-dione 
               
               
                 resveratrol tri-acetate ester 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 curcumin mono-acetate 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 ester 
               
               
                 curcumin di-acetate ester 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 alpha-Lipoic Acid 
                 Sodium R-lipoate 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCL 
                   
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-glutamine 
                   
                 1000 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Arginine HCL 
                   
                 1000 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-aspartic acid 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 D-aspartic acid 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 n-methyl-d-aspartate 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 D-aspartic acid methyl ester 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Leucine 
                   
                 1000 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-isoleucine 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Valine 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Lysine 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Phenylalanine 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Threonine 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Histidine 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Methionine 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Waxy Maize 
                 High Molecular Weight Glucose Polymer 
                 4000 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Piperine Extract 95% 
                   
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Lemon lime flavor #30001 
                   
                 600 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Citric Acid 
                   
                 800 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Acesulfame K 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Fungal protease 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 60,000 HUT 
               
               
                 bromelain 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Glycerol monostearate 
                   
                 1000 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Phosphatadyl serine 20% 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 sucralose 
                   
                 150 
                 mg 
               
               
                 aspartame 
                   
                 30 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The resulting compositions had a powder consistency and a lemon lime flavor. 
     Example 6 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 7 below. For example, a given exemplary composition may comprise any amount of n-methyl-d-aspartate up to 50 mg (i.e., any amount greater than 0 up to 50 mg), but comprises 50 mg of thiamin. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Component 
                 Label Name/Extract Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Thiamin (Vitamin B-1) 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Riboflavin (Vitamin B-2) 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Niacin (Vitamin B-3) 
                   
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Vitamin B-6 
                 (as Pyridoxine HCL) 
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Folic Acid 
                   
                 400 
                 mcg 
               
               
                 Biotin 
                   
                 300 
                 mcg 
               
               
                 Pantothenic Acid 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Vitamin D-3 (Calciferol) 
                   
                 2000 
                 iu 
               
               
                 Cobalt Chelate 
                   
                 25 
                 mcg 
               
               
                   Portulaca Oleracea  Extract 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 (5% Flavones) 
               
               
                 Archadonic Acid 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Resveratrol (Grape Seed 
                 5-[2-(4- 
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Extract) 95% 
                 hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene- 
               
               
                   
                 1,3-diol 
               
               
                 Curcumin (High Potency 
                 1,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Cucurmin Extract) 
                 2,7-nonadiene-4,6-dione 
               
               
                 resveratrol tri-acetate ester 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 curcumin mono-acetate 
                   
                 up to 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 ester 
               
               
                 curcumin di-acetate ester 
                   
                 up to 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 alpha-Lipoic Acid 
                 Sodium R-lipoate 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCL 
                   
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-Arginine-alpha- 
                   
                 3000 
                 mg 
               
               
                 ketoglutarate 
               
               
                 L-aspartic acid 
                   
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 D-aspartic acid 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 n-methyl-d-aspartate 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 D-aspartic acid methyl ester 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Piperine Extract 95% 
                   
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Fungal protease 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 60,000 HUT 
               
               
                 bromelain 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Hydrophilic hypromellose 
                   
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 polymers 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 7 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement composition pre-mixes suitable for forming dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Tables 8-12 below. Any of the compositions shown in Tables 8-12 may be combined with one or more ingredients disclosed above to form a dietary supplement composition of the present invention. For example, the compositions shown in Tables 8-12 may be combined with one or more of the following exemplary ingredients curcumin or a curcumin derivative (e.g., an esterified curcumin having one or more hydroxyl groups thereon converted to an ester), resveratrol or a resveratrol ester, carnitine or a carnitine derivative (e.g., L-carnitine tartrate and/or acetyl-L-carnitine), a protease complex comprising (i) papain, (ii) bromelain, or (iii) papain and bromelain, etc. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Pre-Mix Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Component 
                 Label Name/Extract Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Resveratrol (Grape Seed 
                 5-[2-(4- 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Extract) 95% 
                 hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene- 
               
               
                   
                 1,3-diol 
               
               
                 Curcumin (High Potency 
                 1,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3- 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Cucurmin Extract) 
                 methoxyphenyl)-2,7- 
               
               
                   
                 nonadiene-4,6-dione 
               
               
                 resveratrol tri-acetate 
                   
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                 ester 
               
               
                 curcumin mono-acetate 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 ester 
               
               
                 curcumin di-acetate ester 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 D-aspartic acid 
                   
                 3000 
                 mg 
               
               
                 L-aspartic acid 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                 n-methyl-d-aspartate 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 D-aspartic acid methyl 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 ester 
               
               
                 Fungal protease 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 60,000 HUT 
               
               
                 bromelain 
                   
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Hydrophilic 
                   
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                 hypromellose polymers 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Pre-Mix Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Label Name/ 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Extract Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 D-aspartic acid 
                   
                 3000 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-aspartic acid 
                   
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 n-methyl-d-aspartate 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 D-aspartic acid methyl 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 ester 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Pre-Mix Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Label Name/Extract Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 D-aspartic acid 
                   
                 3000 mg 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Pre-Mix Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Component 
                 Label Name/Extract Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 n-methyl-d-aspartate 
                   
                 up to 50 mg 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Pre-Mix Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Label Name/ 
                   
               
               
                 Component 
                 Extract Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 n-methyl-d-aspartate 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 D-aspartic acid 
                   
                 up to 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Resveratrol (Grape 
                 5-[2-(4- 
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Seed Extract) 95% 
                 hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene- 
               
               
                   
                 1,3-diol 
               
               
                 Curcumin (High 
                 1,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3- 
                 up to 150 
                 mg 
               
               
                 Potency Cucurmin 
                 methoxyphenyl)-2,7-nonadiene- 
               
               
                 Extract) 
                 4,6-dione 
               
               
                 resveratrol tri-acetate 
                   
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                 ester 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 8 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing the components shown in Table 2 with the components shown in Tables 10 and 11. 
     Example 9 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing the components shown in Table 3 with the components shown in Tables 10 and 11. 
     Example 10 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 13 below. Although not shown in Table 13, other inactive ingredients may be present including, but not limited to, dicalcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, silica, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and one or more flavor-providing components. Typically, each of the additional inactive ingredients is independently present in an amount of up to about 500 mg (i.e., any amount greater than 0 up to 500 mg). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Thiamine Mononitrate (Vit B1) 
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Riboflavin (Vit B2) 
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Niacin (Vit B3) 
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Pyridoxine HCl (Vit B6) 
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Folic Acid 
                 0.4 
                 mg (400 mcg) 
               
               
                   
                 Biotin 1% 
                 3 
                 mg (30 mcg) 
               
               
                   
                 Pantothenic Acid (Vit B5) 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Vit D3 (Cholecalciferol) 
                 2,000 
                 IU 
               
               
                   
                 Cobalt Chelate 1% 
                 0.25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                   Portulaca Oleracea  Ext. 
                 60 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Arachidonic Acid 
                 60 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Resveratrol 50% 
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Curcumin 95% 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Alpha Lipoic Acid 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Acetyl-L-Carnitine 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Arginine Alpha Ketoglutarate 
                 3,000 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Citrulline Malate 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Piperine Extract 95% 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Enzyme Blend* 
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Cyanocobalamin.1% (Vit B12) 
                 10 
                 mg (100 mcg) 
               
               
                   
                 D-Aspartic Acid 
                 up to 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate 
                 up to 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Resveratrol Triacetate 
                 up to 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Iron (Ferrous Gluconate) 
                 2 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *Enzyme Blend comprises a combination of bromelain, cellulase, amylase, protease, lipase, and papain. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 11 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 14 below. Although not shown in Table 14, other inactive ingredients may be present including, but not limited to, dicalcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, and one or more flavor-providing components. Typically, each of the additional inactive ingredients is independently present in an amount of up to about 500 mg (i.e., any amount greater than 0 up to 500 mg). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Resveratrol 98% 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Curcumin 95% 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Tong Kat Ali Ext. (100:1) 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                   Mucuna pruriens  Ext. (25% L-Dopa) 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Bioperine ™ extract 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) 
                 1 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Trimethylglycine (Betaine Anhydrous) 
                 9 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 D-Aspartic Acid 
                 up to 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate 
                 up to 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Resveratrol Triacetate 
                 up to 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium Hydroxide 
                 84 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Zinc Citrate 32% 
                 4.68 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 12 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 15 below. Although not shown in Table 15, other inactive ingredients may be present including, but not limited to, N&amp;A Flavors, Acesulfame K, Sucralose, Citric Acid, and Natural Color. Typically, each of the additional inactive ingredients is independently present in an amount of up to about 500 mg (i.e., any amount greater than 0 up to 500 mg). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Amount  
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Caffeine Anhydrous 
                 up to 600 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 1,3-Dimethylamilamine 
                 up to 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Taurine 
                 up to 4000 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 D-Glucuronolactone 
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Resveratrol 50% 
                 up to 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Curcumin (Turmeric Root 4:1) 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Alpha Lipoic Acid 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Acetyl-L-Carnitine 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Evodiamine Extract 98% 
                 0.1 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Arginine Orotate 2:1 
                 900 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Beta Alanine 
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Trimethylglycine (Betaine Anhydrous) 
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Leucine 
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Isoleucine 
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Valine 
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Piperine Extract 95% 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Enzyme Blend EB13009-01* 
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol Monostearate 
                 950 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 D-Aspartic Acid 
                 up to 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 N-Methyl D-Aspartate 
                 up to 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Resveratol Triacetate 
                 up to 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *Enzyme Blend comprises a combination of bromelain, cellulase, amylase, protease, lipase, and papain. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 13 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 16 below. Although not shown in Table 16, other inactive ingredients may be present including, but not limited to, N&amp;A Flavors, Acesulfame K, Sucralose, Citric Acid, and Natural Color. Typically, each of the additional inactive ingredients is independently present in an amount of up to about 500 mg (i.e., any amount greater than 0 up to 500 mg). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Resveratrol 50% 
                 up to 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Curcumin (Turmeric Root 4:1) 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Alpha Lipoic Acid 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Acetyl-L-Carnitine 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Glutamine 
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Arginine 
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Leucine 
                 2000 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Isoleucine 
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Valine 
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Lysine 
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Phenylalanine 
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Threonine 
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Histidine 
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Methionine 
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Waxy Maize Starch 
                 2000 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Maltodextrin 
                 2000 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Piperine Extract 95% 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Enzyme Blend EB13009-01* 
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol Monostearate 
                 1000 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 D-Aspartic Acid 
                 up to 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 N-Methyl D-Aspartate 
                 up to 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Resveratol Triacetate 
                 up to 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *Enzyme Blend comprises a combination of bromelain, cellulase, amylase, protease, lipase, and papain. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 14 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 17 below. Although not shown in Table 17, other inactive ingredients may be present including, but not limited to, N&amp;A Grape Flavor, Acesulfame K, Sucralose, Citric Acid, and Natural Color. Typically, each of the additional inactive ingredients is independently present in an amount of up to about 500 mg (i.e., any amount greater than 0 up to 500 mg). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Caffeine Anhydrous 
                 up to 600 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 1,3-Dimethylamilamine 
                 up to 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Taurine 
                 up to 4000 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 D-Glucuronolactone 
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Resveratrol 50% 
                 up to 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Curcumin (Turmeric Root 4:1) 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Alpha Lipoic Acid 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Acetyl-L-Carnitine 
                 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Evodiamine Extract 98% 
                 0.1 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Arginine Orotate 2:1 
                 900 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Beta Alanine 
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Trimethylglycine (Betaine Anhydrous) 
                 50 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Leucine 
                 500 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Isoleucine 
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 L-Valine 
                 250 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Piperine Extract 95% 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Enzyme Blend EB13009-01* 
                 200 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol Monostearate 
                 900 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 D-Aspartic Acid 
                 up to 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 N-Methyl D-Aspartate 
                 up to 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Resveratol Triacetate 
                 up to 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *Enzyme Blend comprises a combination of bromelain, cellulase, amylase, protease, lipase, and papain. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 15 
     Preparation of Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
     Exemplary dietary supplement compositions of the present invention were prepared by mixing various amounts of the following components shown in Table 18 below. Although not shown in Table 18, other inactive ingredients may be present including, but not limited to, N&amp;A Grape Flavor, Acesulfame K, Sucralose, Citric Acid, and Natural Color. Typically, each of the additional inactive ingredients is independently present in an amount of up to about 500 mg (i.e., any amount greater than 0 up to 500 mg). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 18 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Dietary Supplement Compositions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Amount 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Caffeine Anhydrous 
                 up to 600 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 1,3-Dimethylamylamine HCL 
                 up to 800 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Synephrine HCL 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 B-Phenylethylamine HCL 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Curcumin 95% 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Resveratrol 98% 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Bioperine ™ extract 
                 2.5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Taurine 
                 up to 1000 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Banaba Leaf Extract 1% 
                 0.5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Cinnamon Leaf Extract 
                 0.5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                   Irvignia Gabonesis  Seed PE 4:1 
                 100 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Evodiamine 98% 
                 0.5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Gugglesterones 95% E and Z 
                 0.5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Quercetin Dihydrate 
                 0.5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Ashwagandha Extract (Withaferin A) 
                 0.5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Green Tea Extract EGCG 70% 
                 0.5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Syloid 244 
                 3 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium Stearate 
                 1.75 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Vitamin D-3 100,000 IU 
                 10 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Genistein 80% 
                 0.5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Iodine 5% 
                 0.25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 3,5-Diiodo-L-Thyronine 
                 up to 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 3,3-Diiodo-L-Thyronine 
                 up to 25 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium Selenate 0.2% Trit 
                 5 
                 mg 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     While the specification has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of the foregoing, may readily conceive of alterations to, variations of, and equivalents to these embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be assessed as that of the appended claims and any equivalents thereto.