Patent Publication Number: US-2023149642-A1

Title: Inhaler systems

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to inhaler devices, such as metered dose inhaler devices, dry powder inhaler devices and soft mist inhaler devices. The present invention relates particularly, but not exclusively, to inhaler devices which comprise an electronic component permitting communication with an external client device. Such inhaler devices are sometimes referred to as “smart inhalers”, and can be used within an inhaler system comprising an inhaler device and an external client device in communication with the inhaler device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     An inhaler device (or “inhaler”) is a medical device used for delivering a powder or a liquid (in the form of an aerosol or mist), usually medication, into the body via the lungs. Such devices are mainly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, inhaler devices may also be used for delivery of any medication which may be inhaled, e.g. aerosolised, such as pain relief, medical marijuana, breath fresheners, etc. 
     Inhaler devices typically comprise a housing for receiving a vessel containing one or more doses of the substance to be delivered. In the case of a metered dose inhaler, such a vessel is typically a canister operable to deliver a metered dose of a substance (e.g. a medicament) held inside the canister. In a dry powder inhaler such a vessel may comprise a blister including a single dose of a substance in powder form or a reservoir including multiple doses of such a substance. In a soft mist inhaler such a vessel may comprise a cartridge including multiple doses of the substance to be delivered in liquid form. In each case, the housing usually comprises a mouthpiece. In use, a user of the inhaler device may trigger the inhaler to deliver a dose of the susbstance, for example by pressing a button on the housing, by pressing on the canister itself (in the case of a metered dose inhaler), by turning the cartridge (in the case of a soft mist inhaler). The user may then inhale an aerosolised dose of the substance/medication via the mouthpiece. Some inhalers may be triggered to deliver a dose by the act of the user inhaling (such inhalers may be termed breath actuated inhalers). 
     There can be problems associated with typical inhaler devices, one of which is an inability for the user to know when the device will require replacement or refilling. It can also be important for a user of an inhaler device to keep to a defined dosage regime. This can be difficult using many known inhaler devices unless the user makes use of a separate reminder schedule. Furthermore, it can often be helpful for a medical professional associated with a user to know details of when and how the user has used their inhaler device, in order to improve on future treatment. Again, this information can be difficult and/or impossible to obtain using typical inhaler devices, unless the user maintains a record of their usage. 
     Smart inhaler devices have been proposed which are able to monitor inhaler usage. However, these devices can still suffer from poor user uptake. Some users may perceive there to be a social stigma associated with use of an inhaler device, and therefore may be reluctant to use the device as recommended by their medical practitioner. Many such devices also suffer from poor ergonomics and incorrect usage. 
     It is an object of the invention to provide an improved inhaler device and system which alleviates some of the above problems. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to a first aspect of the invention we provide an inhaler device operable to deliver a dose of an active ingredient, the inhaler device comprising: a housing comprising a mouthpiece; a removable flow restrictor at least partly received within the housing, the flow restrictor defining a cavity operable to receive a vessel comprising the active ingredient; and an electronic component operable to monitor inhaler data and to transmit the inhaler data to a remote device. 
     Such an inhaler device is conveniently reusable and may be used as part of an inhaler system, as described later. 
     The flow restrictor may be a filter. The vessel may comprise a cartridge, reservoir, canister, blister or similar, depending on the type of inhaler device. 
     The electronic component may be located within the removable filter such that together the removable filter and the electronic component form a removable core. The removable core allows the inhaler device to be easily disassembled and cleaned. 
     The electronic component may comprise a power source, such as a battery, solar cell or kinetic charger. This avoids the need for the device to be connected to an external power source in order to function. Nevertheless, the inhaler device may be connected to an external power source and/or the battery may be rechargeable via a cable or wirelessly. 
     The inhaler may further comprise a cap operable to cover the mouthpiece. The cap may be secured to the filter and/or the housing using a magnetic closure. If required, the electronic component may be included in the cap of the inhaler device, or the electronic component may be partly provided within the inhaler device and partly provided in the cap. The cap maintains the inhaler device in a sanitary condition, and the magnetic closure permits easy removal and replacement of the cap. 
     The inhaler data may comprise one or more of: usage data, location data and dosage data. 
     The inhaler may comprise a dosage counter operable to count or otherwise determine dosage data, such as a number of doses administered by the inhaler. The electronic component may be operable to transmit an alert related to the number of doses delivered, for example when the number of doses administered exceeds a predefined threshold, or when a number of dose administered does not meet a minimum threshold. 
     The inhaler may comprise a location sensor, such as a GPS receiver operable to determine location data such as a current location of the inhaler. The electronic component may be operable to transmit location data. 
     The inhaler may comprise one or more sensors operable to determine usage data. Such sensors may include, but are not limited to, one or more microphones, image sensors, air flow meters, accelerometer, magnetometers. 
     The inhaler may further comprise an indicator component. The indicator component may be an indicator ring connectable between the housing and the removable filter. 
     The removable filter may be shaped to regulate the speed of a fluid flowing though the inhaler. For example, the surface area may be shaped to regulate the fluid flow. In one example the removable filter comprises one or more channels or openings operable, e.g. shaped, to regulate a speed of a fluid flowing through the inhaler. 
     The housing may define a body portion having a first longitudinal axis and a mouthpiece portion having a second longitudinal axis may be oriented at an angle to the first longitudinal axis, wherein the angle is preferably in the range 125-140 degrees, for example 130-135 degrees, and most preferably 133 degrees. It will be appreciated that the housing angle may be selected to reflect and comply with an existing medication inhaler(s) geometries. 
     The housing may comprise a translucent portion or may be substantially translucent. The housing may be opaque, e.g. metal. 
     An outer surface of the filter may substantially abut an inner wall of the housing, such that when a vessel such as a canister is inserted into the cavity within the filter the filter substantially fills a space between the vessel and the inner wall of the housing. 
     According to a second aspect of the invention we provide a cap operable to cover a mouthpiece of an inhaler device, the cap comprising an electronic component operable to monitor inhaler data and to transmit the inhaler data to a remote device. The inhaler data may comprise one or more of: patient data, usage data, location data and dosage data. 
     The cap may be provided in combination with an inhaler device that is operable to deliver a dose of an inhalable active ingredient, the inhaler device comprising a housing comprising a mouthpiece and a removable flow regulator at least partly received within the housing, the flow regulator defining a cavity operable to receive a vessel comprising the active ingredient. In particular, the cap may be provided in combination or may be configured for use with an inhaler device in accordance with the first aspect of the invention. The cap could alternatively be provided as a “stand alone” device that could be fitted to an existing inhaler device. 
     According to a third aspect of the invention we provide an inhaler system, the system comprising: an inhaler according to the first aspect of the invention and/or a cap according to the second aspect of the invention, and a computer programme application operable, when run on a client device, to cause the client device to receive inhaler data from the electronic component. 
     The computer programme application may be further operable to receive supplementary data from a data source other than the electronic component, wherein the supplementary data comprises at least one of: user data, sensor data, and environment data. 
     The computer programme application may be further operable to transmit the received inhaler data and supplementary data to a remote server over a network. The transmitted data may be stored in a cloud-based storage system and may be accessed by a user from the client device or from another device in communication with the network. 
     The computer programme application may be further operable to store the received inhaler data and supplementary data in a memory of the client device. 
     The inhaler data may comprise location data indicating a physical location of the inhaler device and/or cap, and the computer programme application is further operable to display to a user of the client device a current location of the inhaler device. The inhaler data may comprise usage data indicating one or more times at which a dose was administered using the inhaler device or that zero doses have been administered by the inhaler device, and the computer programme application is further operable to display the usage data to a user of the client device. The inhaler data may comprise dosage data indicating a number of doses administered using the inhaler device, and the computer programme application is further operable to display the dosage data to a user of the client device. 
     The computer programme application may be in communication with network, and the computer programme application may be operable to search for and retrieve environment data using the network. 
     The computer programme application may be in communication with a network, and the computer programme application may be operable to receive anonymised inhaler data and/or anonymised supplementary data from other users of the system. 
     The features of the third aspect of the invention may be combined with the features of the first and second aspects of the invention in any order, as well as with features selected from the description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    shows a schematic diagram of an inhaler device within an inhaler system; 
         FIG.  2    shows a side view of an inhaler device; 
         FIG.  3    shows a front view of the inhaler device of  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIG.  4    shows a top view of the inhaler device of  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIG.  5    shows an exploded side view of the inhaler device of  FIG.  2   , with some internal features visible in broken lines; 
         FIG.  6    shows a cross section through the inhaler device of  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIG.  7    shows an exploded perspective view of the inhaler device of  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIG.  8    shows an exploded front view of the inhaler device of  FIG.  2   ; and 
         FIG.  9    schematically illustrates airflow through the inhaler device of  FIG.  2   . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring first to  FIG.  1   , and inhaler system is shown, which in this case is a metered dose inhaler system  10 . The system includes an inhaler  12  and a computer programme application  14 , which is operable to be installed on a client device  16  that is remote from the inhaler  12 . In the example shown in  FIG.  1    the client device  16  is a mobile phone, which may belong to a user of the inhaler  12 . 
     The inhaler  12  depicted in  FIG.  1    is a metered dose inhaler, but it will be appreciated that the inhaler could alternatively be another type of inhaler device, such as a dry powder inhaler or soft mist inhaler. The inhaler  12  is a smart inhaler device, in that the inhaler includes an electronic component  18 , which is operable to monitor inhaler data and to transmit that inhaler data to a remote device, for example the client device  16 , as indicated in  FIG.  1    by arrow  20 . 
     The computer programme application  14  is operable, when run on the client device  16 , to cause the client device  16  to receive the inhaler data from the electronic component  18 . The computer programme application  14  is further operable to cause the client device  16  to receive supplementary data from a data source other than the electronic component  18 , as indicated by arrow  22 . Such a data source may, for example, be a remote computer or server  24  with which the computer programme application  14  is in communication via a network  26 , such as the internet. Alternatively, or additionally, the data source may be another component of the client device, such as an internal memory  28  of the client device or a sensor comprised within or available to the client device, such as an accelerometer or heart rate monitor. 
     The computer programme application  14  may further be operable to transmit the received inhaler data and/or supplementary data to a remote server  30 . Such transmission may be over the network  26 , as indicated by arrows  32 , or might be via a direct wired or wireless link, as indicated by arrow  34 . The transmitted data may be securely stored on a secure cloud platform for access, for example, by the authorised user of the device and/or healthcare professional. Alternatively or additionally the computer programme application may be operable to store the received inhaler data and supplementary data in the memory  28  of the client device. 
     The core purpose of the system  10  illustrated in  FIG.  1    is to provide a device and technology platform to help patients, care givers, general practices, government bodies, and the pharmaceutical Industry improve quality of life for users of inhaler devices, such as those suffering from asthma and COPD or patients requiring other inhaled medications/liquids. 
     As noted above, the system  10  is operable to record inhaler data, such as usage, location, and dosage data, together with supplemental data, such as patient information and environmental factors, in order to aid in improved disease management. This data may be provided to the user (e.g. displayed to the user on the client device  16  via the computer programme application  14 ) to allow the user to better understand the triggers associated with their condition. The data may also be provided to a healthcare practitioner associated with the user in order to help that practitioner to improve the treatment options available to the user. The collected data (suitably anonymised) may also be used to better inform Government and Industry bodies, for instance to assist them in planning for and managing people affected by a certain condition, to enable better insight around hot spots (e.g. locations/time periods of poor air quality and/or high pollen count), and to better understand user behaviour. All data collected could be cloud based if required, thus allowing access to the collected data by any entity having appropriate permission. 
     Examples of usage data may include, but are not limited to, inhalation speed, inhalation sound, one or more images of the user&#39;s throat or mouth, time of dose delivery. To this end the inhaler may comprise an airflow meter operable to record one or more of an inhalation/exhalation maximum speed, average speed, and duration. Alternatively or additionally the inhaler may include a microphone operable to record or otherwise monitor sound produced when the user inhales and/or exhales, to assist in gauging respiratory function. The inhaler may alternatively or additionally include a camera or other imagining sensor (an example being the Sonicare FlexCare Platinum) to image a portion of the users mouth and/or throat. 
     Examples of location data may include but are not limited to a location at which a dose was delivered, a current location of the inhaler device, a last known location of the inhaler device. To this end the inhaler, e.g. the electronic component, may include a location sensor such as a GPS sensor. 
     Examples of dosage data may include but are not limited to number of doses delivered by the inhaler device and/or number of doses remaining in the inhaler device. To this end the inhaler may include a dose counter. 
     A primary purpose of the system  10  is, as discussed above, to improve disease management by using smart technology and a personalised app to record inhaler dosage, usage, location, environment and other data in order to inform the patient (and/or other parties) and to allow them to review their treatment. 
     However, a secondary purpose of the system  10  is to encourage user compliance with a treatment regime. Many common inhaler devices are disposable. They are thus often constructed from low cost materials, and are unattractive and/or difficult to use correctly. In order to improve the user experience the applicant has found it desirable to improve the perceived quality and value of an inhaler device, so encouraging the user to keep their inhaler device close to them at all times. It is furthermore desirable to make the inhaler device more appealing, pleasant and efficient to use. 
     Designing an inhaler with a longer lifespan than a disposable inhaler device has created a number of challenges. A reusable device must be able to be easily cleaned, and to ergonomically incorporate the smart electronic component needed to track inhaler dosage and usage. Such a reusable inhaler device  12  is shown in  FIGS.  2  to  9   . Although  FIGS.  2  to  9    show a metered dose inhaler it will be appreciated that the principles discussed below are equally applicable to other types of inhaler, such as dry powder inhalers and soft mist inhalers. 
       FIGS.  2 ,  3  and  4    respectively show side, front and top views of a metered dose inhaler device  12  operable to deliver a metered dose of an aerosolised active ingredient, usually a liquid.  FIGS.  5 ,  7  and  8    respectively show side, perspective and front exploded views of the inhaler device  12 , whilst  FIG.  6    shows a cross-section through the inhaler device  12 . The inhaler device  12  includes a housing  36 , which has a mouthpiece  38  defining an opening  39  through which a user of the device may inhale the aerosolised active ingredient when the device is in use. 
     In the example shown the mouthpiece  38  is integral with the housing  36 . The housing  36  thus includes a body portion  40  and a mouthpiece portion  42 . Each of those portions comprises a respective longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axis  44  of the mouthpiece portion  42  is at an angle  46  to the longitudinal axis  48  of the body portion  40 . The angle  48  is, in the example shown, approximately 133 degrees, but in other examples the angle may be in the range 125-140 degrees, for example in the range 130-135 degrees. This range of angles, centring on 133 degrees, was selected to give more space for the user&#39;s nose than is typically provided in disposable inhalers, and to provide a comfortable grip when using the inhaler device. It will be appreciated however that this angle may alternatively be selected to reflect or comply with existing inhaler geometries. Both the body portion  40  and the mouthpiece portion  42  are substantially cylindrical, to provide a compact shape to the inhaler device. It will nevertheless be appreciated that the device could have other cross sections or shapes if required. 
     The mouthpiece may have an opening that is wider than a typical inhaler opening. Typically inhaler openings have a circular circumference. In contrast, the device shown in  FIGS.  2  to  9    has an opening having a circumference that is flattened at its upper and lower extremities, so as to give a generally elliptical shape. This results in a mouthpiece that has a more organic shape and feels more natural to use. In the example shown the mouthpiece opening has a widest dimension along a horizontal axis of approximately 22 mm, with a radius of approximately 9 mm, whilst the widest dimension in the vertical direction (perpendicular to the horizontal direction) is less than that of the vertical dimension, for example 90, 85 or 80 percent of the horizontal dimension (in this case approximately 18 mm). 
     The mouthpiece cross section may change along its length. For example, the mouthpiece may be shaped to taper towards the opening. In the example shown in the Figures the mouthpiece has a substantially circular cross section where it abuts the housing (having a diameter of approximately 26 mm). The cross section tapers and flattens towards the mouthpiece opening. Of course, if required a standard circular cross section could be used instead. 
     The inhaler device  12  further includes a removable flow regulator  50 , also termed herein a removable filter. The removable flow regulator  50  is at least partly received within the housing  36 . The removable flow regulator  50  defines a cavity  52  that is operable to receive a vessel comprising a substance to be delivered to the use. As the inhaler shown in  FIGS.  2  to  9    is a metered dose inhaler, the vessel is in this example a canister  54  comprising an active ingredient to be aerosolised. “Removable” as used herein means that the inhaler device may be disassembled by removing the flow regulator and subsequently reassembled by replacing the same flow regulator (or another similar flow regulator). 
     In the example shown the housing has an inner wall  58  that defines an interior space  60 . An outer surface  62  of the flow regulator  50  is shaped to have a complementary shape to the inner wall  58 , such that when the flow regulator  50  is inserted into the interior space  60  of the housing  36  the outer surface  62  of the flow regulator substantially abuts the inner wall  58  of the housing. This ensures that when a canister  54  is inserted into the cavity  52  within the flow regulator  50 , there is very little free space between the canister  54  and the inner wall  58  of the housing. Like the body portion of the housing, the flow regulator  50  is substantially cylindrical in shape. However, it will be appreciated that the flow regulator could have other shapes if required, in order to cooperate with the available internal space within the inhaler into which it is to fit. 
     In typical inhaler devices, there is often a large gap between the medicament containing vessel (e.g. aerosol canister) and housing, which allows dust and dirt to collect in the space around the canister. This debris is then often inhaled by a user when using the device, creating a potential hazard, causing discomfort and loss of confidence in the device. The removable flow regulator  50  can prevent such debris from accumulating, and may also operate to filter inhaled air to remove particles, such as particles picked up from pockets and bags (hence why it is also termed herein a “removable filter”). Because the filter  50  is removable it may be easily cleaned to remove the filtered particles. 
     The flow regulator/filter  50  may also regulate the speed of air drawn through the inhaler when in use. In the example shown, the flow regulator comprises a plurality of ribs  51  which define air flow channels  53  between pairs of adjacent ribs  51 . The ribs are each curved into an elongated S shape. The channels  53  have a substantially U-shaped cross section. The filter regulates the airflow through the device by limiting the space between the ribs in order to control the speed at which air may be drawn through the filter. The shape of the ribs increases the length of the air flow path through the filter. Regulating the air flow in this manner may encourage the user to extend the length of their inhale, giving more time to dispense the medicine into the lungs correctly. The U shaped cross-section of the channels ensures that the filter may be easily cleaned when it is removed from the housing. 
     It will be appreciated that other filter designs are possible which would also achieve the function of regulating air flow through the inhaler. For example, the air-flow channels could define a different path shape to that shown, which nevertheless may regulate, e.g. limit the speed at which air may flow through the device. Similarly, the channels may have a different cross section. Alternatively, or additionally, air flow may be controlled via constrictions or openings having a size selected to regulate, e.g. limit, flow speed. The air flow may also be controlled be careful design of the outer surface of the filter, for example by provision of dimples, like those on a golf ball. Air flow could be controlled in conjunction with or independently of the mouthpiece orifice shape and dimension and/or the internal geometries of the actuator body. As a further alternative, the flow regulating features (e.g. channels, dimples, etc) could be provided on the housing rather than on the flow regulator, or may be provided partly on the housing and partly on the flow regulator. 
     As explained above, the inhaler  12  includes an electronic component  18  that is operable to monitor inhaler data and to transmit the inhaler data to a remote client device. In the example shown, the electronic component  18  is located within the removable filter  50  such that together the removable filter  50  and the electronic component  18  form a removable core  56 . The core  56  may thus be removed from the inhaler to disassemble the device and replaced to reassemble the device at a subsequent time. Providing the electronic component within such a removable core  56  allows for effective cleaning of the housing  36  (including mouthpiece) as well as effective cleaning of the filter  50 . It also allows for easy assembly and maintenance of the electronic element  18 . For example, the electronic element may be removably secured within the filter  50  using a removable fastener  63 , such as a screw. Nevertheless, it will be appreciated that the electronic component could be included in a different part of the inhaler device, separate from the removable filter, if required. For example, the electronic component may be provided in the cap. The electronics may be distributed between two (or more) electronic components which may be located in different parts of the device, e.g. one electronic component within the filter and one within the cap. Wherever it is (or they are) located, the electronic component(s) may be housed within a water resistant or waterproof compartment. 
     To accommodate the electronic component  18 , in the example shown, the filter  50  includes an extended portion  50   a  below the portion of the filter which houses the canister. This gives the filter  50  the shape of a chamfered cylinder so that the filter fits closely within the body portion  40  of the housing  36 . The electronic component may be housed within the extended portion of the filter, below the canister. For example, the cavity  52  which holds the canister  54  may extend into the extended portion  50   a  such that both the canister  54  and the electronic component are accommodated within a single cavity  52 . 
     The electronic element  18  may include a power source (not shown) such that the device is self powered, and does not require connection to an external power source or charger. The power source may be a kinetic charger. Such a charger converts kinetic energy into electrical power, and thus encourages the user to shake the device prior to use, which is also necessary to emulsify the propellant in the aerosol canister. An alternative power source may be used instead if preferred, such as a battery or solar charger. The battery may be rechargeable, and charged via an external power source. 
     The electronic component  18  may be operable to collect inhaler data. Such data may comprise usage data, which may be for instance data indicating the time at which the inhaler was activated to deliver a dose of the active ingredient. Such data may also or alternatively comprise dosage data, which may indicate a number of doses that have been delivered by the device. Such data may also or alternatively comprise location data, which may indicate a location of the inhaler device, for example using GPS coordinates. 
     To assist in the collection of the inhaler data, the electronic component may include an internal processor having a timing clock. The processor may be in communication with a dosage counter  64 , such as a pressure switch or a piezoelectric switch, and/or a GPS receiver  66 . 
     One or more usage sensors (not shown) may be included in the inhaler if required, such as a microphone, image sensor, air flow sensor, particle sensor, gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer. These sensors, if present, may be in communication with the processor and may be operable to collect data (e.g. data indicative of the sound of a user&#39;s inhalation/exhalation, one or more images of an interior of the user&#39;s mouth or throat, data relating to the speed of an inhalation) and deliver that data to the processor. The usage data recorded by the one or more usage sensors may be used to listen to or calculate the flow rate and length of inhalation. Recorded peak inspiratory flow rates (PIFR) or Peak Flow readings can be used to base line this. The microphone may also be used to listen to the lung function/health. 
     The electronic component may also include a transmitter/receiver  68 , such as a Bluetooth™ transmitter/receiver or other near field transceiver, using which the electronic component may transmit the collected inhaler data to the application  14  installed on the client device  16 . 
     The inhaler device  12  shown in  FIGS.  2  to  9    further includes an indicator component  70 . The indicator component  70  is, in the present example, in the form of a ring that is connectable between the filter  50  and the housing  36 , for example by frictionally engaging both the housing and the filter, such as via a push fit or a screw fit. Such an indicator component  70  may be used to provide an indication of the drug contained within the canister  54 . For example, the name of the drug may be written on the indicator component. The indicator component may also be colour coded to provide an indication of the drug held within the device from a distance and/or may comprise an indication of the drug in braille for the partially sighted. The indicator component helps to prevent confusion in cases where a user may have multiple inhaler devices. In the example that is shown in the drawings, the inhaler device will not assemble correctly without the indicator component (because the filter cannot be secured to the housing without it), thus forcing the user to make use of the indicator component. Nevertheless, an indicator component need not be included in other inhaler designs, if not required. 
     The inhaler device  12  of this specific example, and in particular the cavity  52  within the filter  50 , is shaped to accept a standard commercially available drug-delivery canister. Such canisters typically include an internal metering valve and an actuator, and are designed such that when the actuator is activated (usually by pressure) a metered dose of an active ingredient contained within the canister is aerosolised. 
     In order to use the inhaler device  12 , a user must first shake the device to emulsify the propellant within the canister. This advantageously simultaneously kinetically charges the electronic component. The user must then press down on the canister  54  in order to activate the canister actuator  72 , and so deliver a metered dose of the active ingredient within the canister. This advantageously simultaneously activates the dosage counter  64 . 
     It will be appreciated that in other examples, the cavity  52  within the flow regulator/filter  50  may be shaped to receive a different type of vessel, which may also be a standard commercially available medicament vessel, such as a dry powder blister/blister pack or reservoir, or a soft mist cartridge. The outer dimensions of such removable filters (i.e. the shape of the outer surface  62  that is complementary to the shape of the inner wall  58  of the housing, such that when the filter  50  is inserted into the interior space  60  of the housing  36  the outer surface  62  of the flow regulator substantially abuts the inner wall  58  of the housing) may be the same, so as to define a standard size, such multiple different types of filter may be used within the same inhaler housing. 
     The inhaler device  12  further includes a cap  74  to protect the mouthpiece when the inhaler device is not in use. The cap comprises a closure  76 , which in the example shown is a magnetic closure. A first portion  76   a  of the magnetic closure is provided within the housing  36  when the device is assembled, for example within the removable core  56 . A second portion  76   b  of the magnetic closure is provided within the cap  74 , for example beneath a cap top  78 . Provision of a cap  74  with a magnetic fastening  76  enables fast removal in an emergency and a more pleasant and satisfying experience during general use. Additionally regular caps are frequently lost which we aim to minimize. The cap may also or alternatively include some or all of the electronic elements. For example, the cap may be “strapped” to an inhaler such that when the cap is removed it is still “fixed” to the inhaler device. A pressure or haptic sensitive dosage counter could be in, or could be, the strap connecting the cap with the inhaler. Such a strap may be, for example, located around the base of the inhaler where the user&#39;s thumb or finger typically sits. As described above, the dosage sensor communicates with the electronics in the cap, which are operable to send data (e.g. dosage data) to the client device. 
     In an arrangement having a magnetic closure, the magnetic closure could also act as a connection for data and/or power transfer between electronic components in the inhaler body (e.g. the filter) and the cap. For example, the cap may comprise a charging connector, and the magnetic closure may transfer power from the cap to a battery located in the filter to charge the battery in the filter. Inhaler data gathered by the filter could be transferred via a data link in the magnetic closure to the cap (and then to the client device), or vice versa. 
     The inhaler may include an inhalation velocity indicator, operable to indicate to the users that they are inhaling through the device at an appropriate speed (e.g. fast enough). Such an indicator may be mechanical (e.g. movable element operable to indicate a flow in proportion to a displacement distance), digital (e.g. informed by an airflow sensor, as discussed above) or auditory (e.g. a sound produced when a velocity threshold is reached or exceeded—such a sound may result from the shape of the filter, e.g. the shape of the air flow channels). 
     Similarly, the inhaler may include an activation or priming indicator, to confirm to a user that a dose of medicament has been correctly activated. For example, a mechanical, physical, digital or audible indication may be produced when a canister has been pressed down correctly so as to deliver a dose. 
     The inhaler may include one or more light sources, e.g. one or more LEDs. The light source(s) may assist with locating the device (e.g. the electronic component may be caused to operate the light source in response to an instruction from the application on the client device). Further the light source(s) may be illuminated to indicate to the user information regarding usage/dosage/inhalation/technique/battery etc. 
     The inhaler may include luminescent material, e.g. a luminescent coating. Again this may aid with locating the device, and may be particularly useful for sight impaired patients and/or for engaging children with the device. 
     It will be appreciated that the inhaler device  12  functions in a similar manner to a standard (i.e. non-smart) inhaler device when it is not in communication with the inhaler system  10 . In order to use the inhaler device  12  within the inhaler system  10 , a user first downloads the inhaler computer programme application  14  to a client device  16 , such as their mobile phone, tablet device or personal computer. The user then pairs their inhaler device  12  with the application  14  installed on their client device. This may be done using a known handshake-type pairing method, such as that used by the Bluetooth™ standard. In particular, the client device may transmit a connection request to the electronic component of the inhaler device, which may transmit a reply accepting the connection request (or vice versa). Once paired a user may need to actively de-sync the device from their client device. This is to make the inhaler device secure and if lost traceable. 
     Once paired, the electronic component  18  of the inhaler device  12  is able to transmit inhaler data to the client device  16  and receive data from the client device. Such data may be transmitted at regular intervals and/or after a usage event. Data may be transmitted only when the inhaler device  12  is within range of the client device  16  and may, for example, be transmitted in response to a request from the client device. The electronic component may thus include an internal memory in which to store inhaler data until the data can be transmitted. Received inhaler data may be stored in one or more records in a memory of the client device. 
     The computer programme application  14  may be operable to search for supplementary data, such as environmental data, which might include data relating to air quality (e.g. an air quality index), weather, pollen count or another environmental factor which could be linked to a worsening of the patient&#39;s condition. The environmental data may be stored in a memory of the client device in association with the stored inhaler data. For example, data relating to a specific usage event (e.g. sensor data, time, dosage count, and/or location) may be stored in a record together with data relating to environmental conditions at the time of the event. 
     The application may be operable to alert the user when environmental conditions may cause their condition to worsen (e.g. when the air quality drops below a threshold figure, and/or when pollen count rises above a threshold figure). This may remind the user to take their inhaler device with them. 
     The application may be in communication with external services such as electronic prescription services, doctors&#39; practices (e.g. the user&#39;s registered doctor) and/or hospitals (e.g. a nearest emergency department) and emergency services. The application can be operable to determine from the received usage data that the patient is experiencing severe difficulty breathing (e.g. having severe asthma attack). This could be by comparing, using e.g. an AI or machine learning, received usage data to historical usage data (either from the patient or collected from other patients). Once it has determined that a severe attack is occurring the application may be operable to prompt calling emergency services (or to automatically call emergency service. Data collected by the app, such as inhaler data and environment data, may be provided to the emergency services. This may assist an emergency practitioner in locating the patient and/or in diagnosing the patient&#39;s condition. 
     The application may be operable to alert the user when a number of doses dispensed by the inhaler device rises above a threshold figure. This may trigger the user to replace the drug delivery canister. Similarly, the application may be operable to alert the user when a number of doses dispensed by the inhaler device does not meet a minimum threshold figure. This may trigger the user to utilise their inhaler. 
     The application may be operable to request inhaler data from the electronic component at the request of a user. For example, the user may request the application to request location information from the inhaler device. The application may then display the requested location information to the user on a map to allow the user to locate their device(s). Similarly, the user may request the application to request usage information from the inhaler device. The application may then display to the user information obtained from the device sensors, such as inhalation speed, to assist the user in improving their inhaler technique. 
     The application may also be configured to permit a user to define alarms or notifications if movement of the client device is detected and the inhaler is not close or present. This helps to remind the user to take the inhaler with them. 
     The user may additionally input personal data into the application, such as information about their condition. The application may be operable to obtain other user data via the client device, for example data relating to user activity, such as step count, heart rate, etc. 
     The application may comprise software operable to display a treatment regime to the user. Gamification may encourage the user to comply with the treatment regime (e.g. 
     rewards may be provided for compliance). The application may further provide guidance on lung function training, and may utilise sensor data recorded from the inhaler to gauge user lung function and/or change in lung function. 
     All the data received by the application may, if required, be transmitted to a remote server, such as a computer associated with a medical professional or research institute. The data may alternatively or additionally be stored on a secure “Cloud” platform accessible by the user and/or other entities from alternative computed devices accessible to the internet. 
     The inhaler system  10  described herein thus provides a data log linking three core pieces of data:
         A=Information about the Individual; Treatments, Dosage counts, heart rate, etc.   B=Information about their Environment; the current location or plan to travel/be in: Weather, pollen counts, pollution   C=Information about their condition/treatment/medication;       

     Such data enables an individual to better understand their condition and its triggers. It also allows healthcare professionals to enhance the treatment of the patient&#39;s disease, for example by permitting easy review of the patient&#39;s treatment. The system may be operable to permit the healthcare practitioner to provide treatment alterations or recommendations to the patient via the app. 
     User data from a plurality of users may be collected by the system, anonymised, and used to assist researchers and medical professionals in understanding effectiveness of treatment regimes. Such usage analytics may be helpful in sharing experiences across the user population. For instance, anonymised usage data may be provided to the client device for access by the user of the device. The “desensitized” usage data may be provided together with location data, so allowing information regarding other users of the system to help a user in the same location as those other users. Similarly, the desensitized data may be provided together with anonymised user data, such as details of user activities, like exercise, and details of user conditions. This may allow a user with a specific condition to see how a selected activity, such as a type of exercise, has affected other users with the same or a similar condition to their own. 
     Any data collected by the device or from supplementary sources could be utilised to build data models for things like “attack prediction” /for better disease insights. This could be done with data science tools, for example Artificial Intelligent or Machine Learning. This data could be anonymized and or aggregated for patient/disease comparisons and deeper learning and modelling for research, e.g. for monitoring health metrics like BPM and Sp02 levels pre/post/during an attack and analysing any multiple of other data like environmental AQI&#39;s (air quality index). 
     An inhaler device of the type described herein is designed for a long life, as it can easily be disassembled for efficient cleaning. If required, the components of the device may be selected such that the device components are fully recyclable. The device may be made using a material pallet associated with high end personal devices and accessories such as smart phones and earphones, in order to potentially alter the patient&#39;s perception of the inhaler. For example, a device which is considered a cherished personal accessory will be more likely to be carried on the person more often and the user will be less inhibited to use it in public. Personalisation may be through colour or material choice or images. Examples of materials that might be used for the housing include metal (e.g. aluminium) resin, plastic, PCR plastics and bioplastics or acetate. The housing may be provided in a range of user-selectable colours and/or with user-customisable printing. The filter may be made from aluminium or other materials as described for the housing. Of course, the device may be made from other materials, including lower end materials, if preferred, such as those used for existing inhaler devices..