Patent Publication Number: US-2023132812-A1

Title: Laser processing apparatus and laser processing method using the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims priority under  35  U.S.C. § 119 of Korean Patent Application No, 10-2021-0147167, filed on Oct. 29, 2021, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present inventive concept relates to a laser processing apparatus and a laser processing method using the same, and more particularly to, a laser apparatus including a controller and a laser processing method using the laser apparatus. 
     DISCUSSION OF THE RELATED ART 
     Generally, in manufacturing a display device, a laser processing apparatus may be used to cut a substrate or form a hole. For example, by using an optical system, the laser processing apparatus may irradiate a target object with a laser beam that is emitted from a laser light source, and by irradiating a workpiece with a laser beam, processing operations such as marking, exposure, etching, punching, scribing, and dicing may be performed. However, since the output of the laser beam emitted from the laser light source is not uniform, processing quality may be impacted. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, a laser processing apparatus includes: a laser light source configured to generate a laser beam; a plurality of scanners, wherein each of the plurality of scanners is configured to move the laser beam along a processing path so that the laser beam is irradiated onto a corresponding workpiece of a plurality of workpieces, respectively, a plurality of lenses respectively disposed between the plurality of scanners and the plurality of workpieces and a measuring circuit spaced apart from the plurality of lenses with the plurality of workpieces interposed therebetween, wherein: the measuring circuit moves along a measuring path and measures a characteristic of the laser beam; and the measuring path overlaps the processing path of each of the plurality of scanners. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the laser processing apparatus further includes a protective window disposed between the plurality of workpieces and the plurality of scanners. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the laser beam passes through the protective window. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the laser processing apparatus further includes a chamber configured to accommodate the plurality of workpieces and the protective window in a vacuum. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the laser processing apparatus further includes a controller configured to calculate measurement data based on the characteristic of the laser beam, to calculate compensation data based on the measurement data, and control an output of the laser beam based on the compensation data. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the compensation data includes a compensation value of each of the plurality of scanners. 
     In an embodiment of, the present it concept, the controller turns on or oft the laser beam of the laser light source based on a position of the measuring circuit, 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the controller controls the measuring path and the processing path of each of the plurality of scanners. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the controller synchronizes a position of the laser beam transmitted by one of the plurality of scanners with a position of the measuring circuit. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the measuring circuit moves in a first direction and a second direction crossing the first direction and measures an optical power of the laser beam. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, wherein the plurality of scanners include a first scanner and a second scanner spaced apart from the first scanner, and the plurality of lenses include a first lens and a second lens, wherein the first lens faces the first scanner, and the second lens faces the second scanner. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the measuring path overlaps the first scanner and the second scanner. 
     According to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, a laser processing method includes: moving a measuring circuit; measuring, with the measuring circuit, a characteristic of a first laser beam provided from a first scanner; measuring, with the measuring circuit, a characteristic of a second laser beam provided from a second scanner spaced apart from the first scanner; calculating measurement data based on the characteristic of each of the first laser beam and the second laser beam; calculating compensation data based on the measurement data; and processing a workpiece based on the compensation data. 
     In a embodiment of the present inventive concept, the measuring circuit moves along a measuring path. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the calculating of the compensation data includes compensating for an output of the first laser beam and an output for the second laser beam. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the measuring of the characteristic of the first laser beam includes the measuring circuit and the first scanner overlapping each other. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the measuring of the characteristic of the second laser beam includes the measuring circuit and the second scanner overlapping each other. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the measuring of the characteristic of the first laser beam includes moving the measuring circuit based on the first laser beam. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the measuring of the characteristic of the second laser beam includes moving the measuring circuit based on the second laser beam. 
     In an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the laser processing method further includes: turning off the first laser beam which is performed between the measuring of the characteristic of the first laser beam and the measuring of the characteristic of the second laser beam; and turning off the second laser beam which is performed between the measuring of the characteristic of the second laser beam and the calculating of the measurement data. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other features of the present inventive concept will become more apparent by describing in detail embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a laser processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept; 
         FIG.  2    is a flowchart illustrating a laser processing method according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept; 
         FIG.  3    is a perspective view illustrating, a portion of the laser processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept; 
         FIG.  4 A  is a plan view illustrating a laser processing path and the movement of a measuring unit according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept; 
         FIG.  4 B  is a plan view illustrating a laser processing path and the movement of the measuring unit according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept; 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a portion of the laser processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept; 
         FIG.  6 A  is a graph showing measurement data in accordance with the processing position of the laser processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept; 
         FIG.  6 B  is a graph showing compensation data in accordance with the processing position of the laser processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept; 
         FIGS.  7 A and  7 B  are plan views of a mother substrate and display panels for manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept; and 
         FIG.  8    is a cross-sectional view of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     In this specification, it will be understood that when an element (or region, layer, part, etc.) is referred to as being “on”, “connected to” or “coupled to” another element, the element can be directly on, connected or coupled to the other element, or intervening elements may be present. 
     Like reference numerals may refer to like elements throughout the specification. In addition in the drawings, the thicknesses, ratios, and dimensions of elements may be exaggerated for clarity. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and a second element may also be referred to as a first element in a similar manner without departing from the spirit and scope of the present inventive concept. The terms of a singular form may include plural forms unless otherwise specified. As used herein, the singular forms, “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     In addition, terms, such as “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein to describe one element&#39;s relation to another element(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, components described as “below” or “beneath” other components or features would then be oriented “above” the other components or features. The above terms are relative concepts and may be described based on the directions indicated in the drawings. 
     Hereinafter, embodiments of the present inventive concept will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a laser processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , the laser processing apparatus LPA may process a workpiece. The workpiece may include a plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2 . The plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2  may include a first substrate SB 1  and a second substrate SB 2 . Each of the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2  may include a surface, which is parallel to a surface defined by a first direction DR 1  and a second direction DR 2  crossing the first direction DR 1 , and have a thickness extending in a third direction DR 3  crossing the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2 . In addition, in this specification, a surface defined by the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2  may be a plane, and “being viewed on a plane” may be defined as being viewed from the third direction DR 3 . 
     The laser processing apparatus LPA may perform processing operations such as marking, exposure, etching, punching, scribing, and dicing on the substrates SB 1  and SB 2 . 
     The laser processing apparatus EPA may include a laser light source  10 , a beam delivery system  20 , a plurality of reflection mirrors  30 - 1  and  30 - 2 , a control unit  40 , a plurality of laser leads  100 - 1  and  100 - 2 , a chamber CM, and a measuring unit  210 . 
     The laser light source  10  may generate a laser beam L. The laser light source  10  may provide the laser beam L to the beam delivery system  20 . For example, the cross section of the laser beam L generated by the laser light source  10  may have a spot shape. 
     The beam delivery system  20  may be disposed between the plurality of laser heads  100 - 1  and  100 - 2  and the laser light source  10 . The beam delivery system  20  may deliver the laser beam L to the plurality of reflection mirrors  30 - 1  and  30 - 2 . The beam delivery system  20  may be composed of a plurality of lenses and/or mirrors or may be composed of an optical cable. 
     The laser light source  10  and the beam delivery system  20  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept may be provided in plurality, and the plurality of laser light sources and the plurality of beam delivery systems may be disposed to correspond respectively to the plurality of laser heads  100 - 1  and  100 - 2 . 
     The plurality of reflection mirrors  30 - 1  and  30 - 2  may change the optical path of the laser beam L. The plurality of reflection mirrors  30 - 1  and  30 - 2  may include a first reflection mirror  30 - 1  and a second reflection mirror  30 - 2 . The first reflection mirror  30 - 1  may modify the path of the laser beam L to provide a first laser beam L 1 . The second reflection mirror  30 - 2  may modify the path of the laser beam L to provide a second laser beam L 2 . 
     The plurality of laser heads  100 - 1  and  100 - 2  may respectively irradiate the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2  with the laser beam L generated from the laser light source  10 . The plurality of laser heads  100 - 1  and  100 - 2  may include a first laser head  100 - 1  and a second laser head  100 - 2 . Although,  FIG.  1    illustrates, as an example, two laser heads  100 - 1  and  100 - 2 , the number of laser heads  100 - 1  and  100 - 2  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the number of the plurality of laser heads  100 - 1  and  100 - 2  to be provided may be the same as the number of workpieces to be processed by the laser processing apparatus LPA. 
     The first laser head  100 - 1  may be spaced apart from the beam delivery system  20  with the first reflection mirror  30 - 1  interposed therebetween. The first laser head  100 - 1  may include a first scanner unit  110  and a first lens  120 . 
     The first scanner unit  110  (e.g., a first scanner) may move the irradiation position of the first laser beam L 1  to be irradiated onto the first substrate SB 1  The first scanner unit  110  may move the first laser beam L 1  along a laser processing path. For example, the first scanner unit  110  may include a galvano system or a galvanometer optical scanner. By using the galvano system, the first scanner unit  110  may perform a control operation in which the irradiation point of the first laser beam L 1  on the first substrate SB 1  is finely moved along the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2 . 
     The first lens  120  may be disposed between the first scanner unit  110  and the first substrate SB 1 . The focal distance of the first lens  120  may be adjusted when the first laser beam L 1  is irradiated onto the first substrate SB 1 . 
     While the first scanner unit  110  moves the irradiation position of the first laser beam L 1  along the first processing path, the first lens  120  may remain fixed. However, the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the first lens  120  may be moved based on the movement of the first scanner unit  110 . 
     The second laser bead  100 - 2  may be spaced apart from the beam delivery system  20  with the second reflection mirror  30 - 2  interposed therebetween. The second laser head  100 - 2  may include a second scanner unit  111  and a second lens  121 . 
     The second scanner unit  111  may move the irradiation position of the second laser beam L 2  to be irradiated onto the second substrate SB 2 . The second scanner unit  111  may move the second laser beam L 2  along a laser processing path. For example, the second scanner unit  111  may include a galvano system. By using the galvano system, the second scanner unit  111  may perform a control operation in which the irradiation point of the second laser beam L 2  on the second substrate SB 2  is finely moved on along the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2 . 
     The second lens  121  may be disposed between the second scanner unit  111  and the second substrate SB 2 . The focal distance of the second lens  121  may be adjusted when the second laser beam L 2  is irradiated onto the second substrate SB 2 . 
     While the second scanner unit  111  moves the irradiation position of the second laser beam L 2  along a second processing path, the second lens  121  may remain fixed. However, the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the first lens  120  may be moved based on the movement of the first scanner unit  110 . 
     The chamber CM may accommodate the first substrate SB 1 , the second substrate SB 2 , and a protective window PW. The inside of the chamber CM may be in a vacuum state. 
     The plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2  may be objects to be processed. Each of the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2  may move in the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2  in the chamber CM. The plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2  may include a first substrate SB 1  and a second substrate SB 2 .  FIG.  1    illustrates, as an example, two substrates SB 1  and SB 2 , but the number of the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2  disposed in the chamber CM according to the embodiment of the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. 
     The first substrate SB 1  may overlap the first laser head  100 - 1 . For example, the first substrate SB 1  may be disposed above the first laser head  100 - 1 . The first substrate SB 1  may be processed by the first laser beam L 1 . The second substrate SB 2  may overlap the second laser head  100 - 2 . The second substrate SB 2  may be disposed above the second laser head  100 - 2 . The second substrate SB 2  may be processed by the second laser beam L 2 . 
     The protective window PW may be disposed below the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2 . For example, the protective window PW may overlap portions of the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2 . The protective window PW may move in the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2  in the chamber CM. The laser beams L 1  and L 2  may pass through the protective window PW. The protective window PW may collect foreign substances formed when each of the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2  is processed. The characteristics of the laser beams L 1  and L 2  may be modified due to the foreign substances. For example, the foreign substances may reduce the optical powers of the laser beams L 1  and L 2 . According to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, however, the foreign substances may be easily removed by the protective window PW. Therefore, it is possible to increase reliability in performing a laser processing process. The protective window PW according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept may be omitted. 
     The measuring unit  210  may measure the characteristics and/or properties of the laser beams L 1  and L 2 . The measuring unit  210  may move along a measuring path MR (refer to  FIG.  3   ). The measuring unit  210  may move in the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2 . For example, while each of the plurality of scanner units  110  and  111  moves the laser beams L 1  and L 2  along, a processing path, the measuring unit  210  may move along the path of the laser beams L 1  and L 2  to measure the characteristics of the laser beams L 1  and L 2 . 
     The measuring unit  210  may measure the optical powers of the laser beams L 1  and L 2 . However, this is just an example, and the measuring unit  210  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept may also measure the profiles of the laser beams L 1  and L 2 . For example, the measuring unit  210  may include a circuit including a receiver, which receives the laser beams L 1  and L 2 , a processor, and a memory. 
     The control unit  40  (e.g. a control circuit) may control the laser light source  10 , the first laser tread  100 - 1 , the second laser head  100 - 2 , the chamber CM, and the measuring unit  210 . The control unit  40  may calculate measurement data on the basis of the characteristics of the laser beams L 1  and L 2 . The control unit  40  may calculate compensation data on the basis of the measurement data, The control unit  40  may control the output of the laser beam L on the basis of the compensation data. The control unit  40  may control the measuring path MR (refer to  FIG.  3   ) of the measuring unit  240 , a first processing path LR 1  of the first scanner unit  110 , and a second processing path LR 2  of the second scanner unit  111 . The operation of the control unit  40  will be described later. 
       FIG.  2    is a flowchart illustrating a laser processing method according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept.  FIG.  3    is a perspective view illustrating a portion of the laser processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept,  FIG.  4 A  is a plan view illustrating a laser processing path and the movement of a measuring unit according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept.  FIG.  4 B  is a plan view illustrating a laser processing path and the movement of the measuring unit according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  to  4 B , the measuring unit  210  may continuously move along the measuring path MR (S 100 ). 
     The control unit  40  may turn on the first laser beam L 1 . The control unit  40  may control the operation of the first laser beam L 1  according to the position of the measuring unit  210 . For example, when viewed on a plane, the control unit  40  may turn on the first laser beam L 1  when the measuring unit  210  overlaps the first scanner unit  110 . 
     The first scanner unit  110  may irradiate the first laser beam L 1  along the first processing path LR 1  (S 210 ). 
     The measuring, unit  210  may move on the basis of the first laser beam L 1  (S 220 ). When viewed on a plane, the first processing path LR 1  may overlap the measuring path MR. The first processing path LR 1  may be provided in various shapes. 
     For example, referring to  FIG.  4 A , the first scanner unit  110  may move the first laser beam L 1  along a first processing path LR 1 - 1 . The measuring unit  210  may move along the measuring path MR, which corresponds with the first processing path LR 1 . The first processing path LR 1 - 1  may extend in a direction parallel to the first direction DR 1 . In this case, the first processing path LR 1 - 1  nay overlap the measuring path MR of the measuring unit  210 . 
     For example, referring to  FIG.  4 B , the first scanner unit  110  may move the first laser beam L 1  along a first processing path LR 1 - 2 . The measuring unit  210  may move along the measuring path MR, which corresponds to the first processing path LR 1 - 2 . For example, the measuring unit  210  may move along with the first laser beam L 1 . The first processing path LR 1 - 2  may have a closed shape, such as a circular shape, a square shape, a square shape with rounded corners, or any other type of polygonal shape. In this case, the first processing path LR 1 - 2  may overlap the measuring path MR of the measuring unit  210 . 
     The measuring unit  210  may measure the characteristic of the first laser beam L 1  provided from the first scanner unit  110 . The control unit  40  may synchronize the position of the first laser beam L 1  irradiated by the first scanner unit  110  with the position of the measuring unit  210 . 
     When viewed on a plane, the measuring unit  210  may overlap the first scanner unit  110 . 
     The control unit  40  may turn off the first laser beam L 1  (S 230 ). For example, when viewed on a plane, the control unit  40  may turn off the first laser beam L 1  when the measuring unit  210  does not overlap the first scanner unit  110 . When the measuring unit  210  finishes measuring the first laser beam L 1 , the control unit  40  may turn off the first laser beam L 1  to continuously measure the output of the second laser beam L 2 . 
     The control unit  40  may turn on the second laser beam L 2 . The control unit  40  may control the operation of the second laser beam L 2  according to the position of the measuring unit  210 , For example, the control unit  40  may turn on the second laser beam L 2  when the measuring unit  210  overlaps the second scanner unit  111  when viewed on a plane. 
     The second scanner unit  111  may irradiate the second laser beam L 2  along the second processing path LR 2  (S 310 ). 
     The measuring unit  210  may move on the basis of the second laser beam L 2  (S 320 ), When viewed on plane, the second processing path LR 2  may overlap the measuring path MR. 
     The second processing path LR 2  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept may be the same as the first processing path LR 1 . However, this is an example, and the second processing path LR 2  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept may be different from the first processing path LR 1 . In this case, the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2  may be easily processed by using a processing path for each of the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2 . According to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the measuring unit  210  may move along the measuring path MR overlapping the first processing path LR 1  and the second processing path LR 2  to measure the characteristics of the first laser beam L 1  and the second laser beam L 2  at once. The control unit  40  may calculate the compensation data for each of the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2 . Accordingly, it is possible to provide the laser processing apparatus LPA and the laser processing method with increased processing quality. 
     The measuring unit  210  may measure the characteristic of the second laser beam L 2  provided from the second scanner unit  111 . The control unit  40  may synchronize the position of the second laser beam L 2  irradiated by the second scanner unit  111  with the position of the measuring unit  210 . 
     When viewed on a plane, the measuring unit  210  may overlap the second scanner unit  111 . 
     The control unit  40  may turn off the second laser beam L 2  (S 330 ). For example, the control unit  40  may turn off the second laser beam L 2  when the measuring unit  210  does not overlap the second scanner unit  111 , when viewed on a plane. 
     When viewed on a plane, the measuring path MR may overlap the first scanner unit  110  and the second scanner unit  111 . 
     The control unit  40  may generate measurement data on the basis of the characteristic of each of the first laser beam L 1  and the second laser beam L 2 , as collected by the measuring unit  210  (S 400 ). 
     The control data  40  may generate compensation data on the basis of the measurement data (S 500 ). The control unit  40  may compensate for the output of the laser beam  1 , on the basis of the compensation data. 
     The laser processing apparatus LPA may process the substrates SB 1  and SB 2  by irradiating the laser beams L 1  and L 2  onto the substrates SB 1  and SB 2  along the laser processing path on the basis of the compensation data (S 600 ). 
     The inside of the chamber CM may be a vacuum. Foreign substances may be formed when the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2 , which are disposed in the chamber CM, are processed. When the foreign substances overlap the paths of the laser beams L 1  and L 2 , the optical powers the laser beams L 1  and L 2  configured to process file plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2  may be reduced. According to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the measuring unit  210  may continuously measure the optical power of each of the laser beams L 1  and L 2  irradiated from the plurality of scanner units  110  and  111 , and may calculate compensation data on the basis of the measured optical powers to provide adjusted optical powers of the laser beams L 1  and L 2  configured to process the substrates SB 1  and SB 2 . Accordingly, it is possible to provide a laser processing apparatus LPA and a laser processing method with increased processing quality. 
       FIG.  5    illustrates a portion of the laser processing apparatus according to art embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , the measuring unit  210  may move along a measuring path MR. 
     A first scanner unit  110  may irradiate a first laser beam L 1  along a first processing path LR 1  The measuring unit  210  may measure the characteristic of the first laser beam L 1 . 
     A second scanner unit  111  may irradiate a second laser beam L 2  along a second processing path LR 2 . The measuring unit  210  may measure the characteristic of the second laser beam L 2 . 
     A third scanner unit  112  may irradiate a third laser beam L 3  along a third processing path LR 3 . The measuring unit  210  may measure the characteristic of the third laser beam L 3 . 
       FIG.  5    illustrates, as an example, three scanner units  110 ,  111 , and  112  and that three processing paths LR 1 , LR 2 , and LR 3  are measured and compensated for, but the number of scanner units and the number of processing paths to be measured according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept are not limited thereto. 
     The measuring unit  210  may measure the characteristics of the laser beams L 1  , L 2 , and L 3  at once, which are respectively emitted from the plurality of scanner units  110 ,  111 , and  112  that are configured to process objects. 
     Unlike the present inventive concept, when the characteristic of each of the laser beams L 1 , L 2 , and L 3  is measured, it may take a first time for the measuring unit to move to a position to measure one laser beam, a second time for the measuring unit to stop to measure the one laser beam, a third time to attain thermal saturation for measuring the optical power of the one laser beam, and a fourth time for the measuring unit to measure the one laser beam. The first time may be about 4 seconds. The second time ma be about 1 second. The third time may be about 15 seconds. The fourth time may be about 5 seconds. For example, the time for measuring one laser beam may be about 25 seconds. For example, it may take about 75 seconds to measure the three laser beams illustrated in  FIG.  5   . According to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, however, it may take a first measurement time to attain the thermal saturation of the plurality of laser beams L 1  , L 2 , and L 3  and a second measurement time for the measuring unit  210  to measure each of the plurality of laser beams L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 . The first measurement may be about 15 seconds. The second measurement time may be about 1 seconds. For example, the time for measuring the plurality of laser beams L 1 , L 2 , and L 3  may be about 26 seconds. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a laser processing apparatus LPA and a laser processing method with a shortened processing time of a substrate. 
     In addition, according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, while the first scanner unit  110  moves the first laser beam L 1  along the first processing path LR 1 , the measuring unit  210  of the laser processing apparatus LPA may move with first laser beam L 1  to measure the characteristic of the first laser beam L 1  in real time. After measuring the characteristic of the first laser beam L 1 , the measuring unit  210  may continuously move with the second laser beam L 2  to measure the characteristic of the second laser beam L 2  in real time while the second scanner unit  111  moves the second laser beam L 2  along the second processing path LR 2 . After measuring the characteristic of the second laser beam L 2 , the measuring unit  210  may continuously move with the third laser beam L 3  to measure the characteristic of the third laser beam L 3  in real time while the third scanner unit  112  moves the third laser beam L 3  along the third processing path LR 3 . Accordingly, the measuring unit  210  may compensate for the optical powers of the laser beams L 1 , L 2 , and L 3  in real time according to the position of each of the plurality of processing paths LR 1 , LR 2 , and LR 3  to provide a uniform optical power to all of the plurality of processing paths LR 1 , LR 2  and LR 3 . Accordingly, it is possible to provide a laser processing apparatus LPA and a laser processing method with a shortened processing time and an increase in the substrate processing quality. 
       FIG.  6 A  is a graph showing measurement data in accordance with the processing position of the laser processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept.  FIG.  68    is a graph showing compensation data in accordance with the processing position of the laser processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1 ,  6 A, and  68   , the measuring unit.  210  may measure the characteristics of the laser beams L 1  and L 2 . The characteristic of each of the laser beams L 1  and L 2  may be an optical power of each of the laser beams L 1  and L 2  The measuring unit  210  may measure an optical power value according to a processing position to generate measurement data. A user may set a target value for the uniform processing of the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2 . 
     The control unit  40  may calculate compensation data on the basis of the measurement data and the target value. The compensation data may include the compensation value of each of the plurality of scanner units  110  and  111 . The compensation data may be generated based on a difference between the measurement data, which corresponds to each point of the laser processing path, and the target value. 
     The laser processing apparatus LPA may compensate for the optical powers of the laser beams L 1  and L 2  in real time according to the positions of the processing paths LR 1  and LR 2 , respectively, to provide a uniform optical power to a workpiece in the entire processing paths LR 1  and LR 2 . 
     On the basis of the compensation data, the laser processing apparatus LPA may emit the laser beams L 1  and L 2  onto the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2  along the laser processing path to process the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2 . 
     According to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, by using the compensation data, the laser processing apparatus LPA may provide an optimal optical power for processing each of the plurality of substrates SB 1  and SB 2 . Accordingly, it is possible to provide a laser processing apparatus LPA and a laser processing method with an increase in the processing quality. 
       FIGS.  7 A and  7 B  are plan views of a mother substrate and display panels for manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to FIGS,  7 A and  713 , the mother substrate  2  may include a plurality of cells  1   a,    1   b,  and  1   c,  each of which forms a display panel. The plurality of cells  1   a,    1   b,  and  1   c  may be referred to as a plurality of display panels  1   a,    1   b,  and  1   c.  The mother substrate  2  may be cut along a cutting line (dotted line in the drawing). Accordingly, the display panels  1   a,    1   b,  and  1   c  having various shapes may be separated from the mother substrate  2  after the mother substrate  2  is cut. When cutting the mother substrate  2 , the laser processing apparatus LPA (refer to  FIG.  1   ) according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept may be used. For example, when the display panel  1   a  has a hole H provided therein, the laser processing apparatus LPA (refer to  FIG.  1   ) and the laser processing method may be used for forming the hole H. 
     According to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the laser processing apparatus LPA (refer to  FIG.  1   ) may collect the measurement data of the entire mother substrate  2  at once by using the measuring unit  210  (refer to  FIG.  1   ). The control unit  40  (refer to  FIG.  1   ) may calculate compensation data for compensating for the optical power of the laser beam L (refer to  FIG.  1   ) on the basis of the measurement data. The laser processing apparatus LPA (refer to  FIG.  1   ) may process the mother substrate  2  by using the compensated laser beam L (refer to  FIG.  1   ). Accordingly, it is possible to provide the laser processing apparatus LPA (refer to  FIG.  1   ) and the laser processing method with a shortened processing, time and an increase in the substrate processing quality. 
       FIG.  8    is a cross-sectional view of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG.  8   , the display panel  100  may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer CL, a light-emitting element layer EL, and an encapsulation layer TFE. The display panel  100  may include a plurality of insulating layers, a semiconductor pattern, a conductive pattern, a signal line, and the like. An insulating layer, a semiconductor layer, and a conductive layer may be formed by a process such as coating and deposition. Thereafter, the insulating layer, the semiconductor layer, and the conductive layer may be selectively patterned through a photolithography process. In this way, the semiconductor pattern, the conductive pattern, the signal line, and the like included in the circuit layer CL and the light-emitting element layer EL may be formed. The base layer BS may be a base substrate configured to support the circuit layer CL and the light-emitting element layer EL. 
     The base layer BS may include a synthetic resin layer. The synthetic resin layer may include a thermosetting resin. For example, the base layer BS may have a multi-layered structure. For example, the base layer BS may include a first synthetic resin layer, a silicon oxide layer disposed on the first synthetic resin layer, an amorphous silicon layer disposed on the silicon oxide layer, and a second synthetic resin layer disposed on the amorphous silicon layer. The silicon oxide layer and the amorphous silicon layer may be referred to as a base barrier layer. However, the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the base layer BS may be a single layered structure. 
     The circuit layer CL may be disposed on the base layer BS. The circuit layer CL may provide a signal for driving a light-emitting element OLED included in the light-emitting element layer EL. The circuit layer CL may include a buffer layer BFL, a transistor T 1 , a first insulating layer L- 1 , a second insulating layer L- 2 , a third insulating layer L- 3 , and a fourth insulating layer L- 4 , a fifth insulating layer L- 5 , and a sixth insulating layer L- 6 . 
     The buffer layer BFL may increase a bonding force between the base layer BS and the semiconductor pattern. The buffer layer BFL may include a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer. The silicon oxide layer and the silicon nitride layer may be alternately stacked on each other. 
     The semiconductor pattern may be disposed on the buffer layer BFL. The semiconductor pattern may include polysilicon. However, the embodiment of the present inventive concept is not limited thereto, and the semiconductor pattern may include, for example, amorphous silicon or metal oxide. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates only a portion of the semiconductor pattern, and on a plane, the semiconductor pattern may be disposed in another region of the display panel  100 . The semiconductor pattern may be arranged in a specific rule. The semiconductor pattern may have different electrical properties depending on whether it is doped or not. The semiconductor pattern may include a first region and a second region. The first region has a high conductivity, and the second region has a low conductivity. The first region may be doped with an N-type dopant or a P-type dopant. A P-type transistor may include a doped region doped with a P-type dopant, and an N-type transistor may include a doped region doped with an N-type dopant. The second region may he a non-doped region or a region doped with a lower concentration than the first region. 
     The conductivity of the first region may be greater than that of the second region, and the first region may act as an electrode or a signal line. The second region may substantially correspond to an active region (or, e.g., a channel) of a transistor. In other words, a first portion of the semiconductor pattern may be an active region of a transistor. A second portion of the semiconductor pattern may be a source region or drain region of the transistor, and a third portion of the transistor may be a connection electrode or a connection signal line. 
     The display panel  100  may have a plurality of pixels provided therein. For example, each of the plurality of pixels may have a circuit including seven transistors, one capacitor, and a light-emitting element, and the circuit diagram of the pixel may be modified in various forms.  FIG.  8    illustrates, as an example, the transistor T 1  and the light-emitting element OLED included in each of the plurality of pixels. The transistor T 1  may include a source S 1 , an active A 1 , a drain D 1 , and a gate G 1 . 
     The source S 1 , the active A 1 , and the drain D 1  of the transistor T 1  may be formed from a semiconductor pattern. The source S 1  and the drain D 1  may be separated from each other by the active A 1 , in a cross sectional view.  FIG.  5    illustrates a portion of the laser processing apparatus. 
     The first insulating layer L- 1  may be disposed on the buffer layer BFL. The first insulating layer L- 1  may overlap the plurality of pixels in common and cover the semiconductor pattern. The first insulating layer L- 1  may be an inorganic layer and/or an organic layer and have a single-layered or multi-layered structure. The first insulating layer L- 1  may include at least one of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, zirconium oxide, and/or hafnium oxide. In this embodiment, the first insulating layer L- 1  may be a silicon oxide layer having a single-layered structure. The insulating layers of the circuit layer CL to be described later, as well as the first insulating layer L- 1 , may he an inorganic layer and/or an organic layer and have a single-layered or multi-layered structure. The inorganic layer may include at least one of the above-described materials. 
     The gate G 1  may be disposed on the first insulating layer L- 1 . The gate G 1  may be a portion of a metal pattern. The gate G 1  may overlap the active A 1 . In the process of doping the semiconductor pattern, the gate G 1  may be the same as a mask. 
     The second insulating layer L- 2  may be disposed on the first insulating layer L- 1 . The second insulating layer L- 2  may cover the gate G 1 . The second insulating layer L- 2  may overlap a plurality of pixels in common. The second insulating layer L- 2  may be an inorganic layer and/or an organic layer and have a single-layered or multi-layered structure. 
     An upper electrode UE may be disposed on the second insulating layer L- 2 . The upper electrode UE may overlap the gate G 2 . The upper electrode UE may be a portion of a metal pattern. A portion of the gate G 2  and the upper electrode UE overlapping the portion of the gate G 2  may form a capacitor. However, this is an example, and the upper electrode UE according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept may be omitted. 
     The third insulating layer L- 3  may be disposed on the second insulating layer L- 2 . The third insulating layer L- 3  may cover the upper electrode UE. For example, the third insulating layer L- 3  may be an inorganic layer and/or an organic layer and have a single-layered or multi-layered structure. A first connection electrode CNE 1  may be disposed on the third insulating layer L- 3 . The first connection electrode CNE 1  may be connected to the connection signal line SCL through a contact hole CNT- 1  passing through the first to third insulating layers L- 1 , L- 2 , and L- 3 . 
     The fourth insulating layer L- 4  may be disposed on the third insulating layer L- 3 . The fourth insulating layer L- 4  may cover the first connection electrode CNE 1 . For example, the fourth insulating layer L- 4  may be are inorganic layer and/or an organic layer and have a single-layered or multi-layered structure. 
     The fifth insulating layer L- 5  may be disposed on the fourth insulating layer L- 4 . For example, the fifth insulating layer L- 5  may he an organic layer. A second connection electrode CNE 2  may be disposed on the fifth insulating layer L- 5 . The second connection electrode CNE 2  may be connected to the first connection electrode CNE 1  through a contact hole CNT- 2  passing through the fourth insulating layer L- 4  and the fifth insulating layer L- 5 . 
     The sixth insulating layer L- 6  may be disposed on the fifth insulating layer L- 5 . The sixth insulating layer L- 6  may cover the second connection electrode CNE 2 . For example, the sixth insulating layer L- 6  may be an organic layer. 
     The light-emitting element layer EL may include a first electrode AE, a pixel defining film PDL, and a light-emitting element OLED. 
     The first electrode AE may he disposed on the sixth insulating layer L- 6 . The first electrode AE may be connected to the second connection electrode CNE 2  through a contact hole CNT- 3  passing through the sixth insulating layer L- 6 . 
     An opening OP may be defined in the pixel defining film PDL. The opening OP of the pixel defining film PDL may expose at least a portion of the first electrode AE. 
     An active region may include a light-emitting region PXA and a non-light-emitting region NPXA adjacent to the light-emitting region PXA. For example, the non-light-emitting region NPXA may at least partially surround the light-emitting region PXA. In this embodiment, the light-emitting region PXA may correspond to a portion of the first electrode AE exposed by the opening OP. 
     A hole control layer HCL may be commonly disposed in the light-emitting region PXA and the non-light-emitting region NPXA. The hole control layer HCL may include a hole transport layer and a hole injection layer. A light-emitting layer EML may be disposed on the hole control layer HCL. The light-emitting layer EML may be disposed in a region corresponding to the opening OP. For example the light-emitting layer EML may be separately formed in each of the pixels. 
     An electron control layer ECL may be disposed on the light-emitting layer EML, The electron control layer ECL may include an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer. The hole control layer HCL and the electron control layer ECL may be commonly formed in the plurality of pixels by using an open mask. 
     The second electrode CE may be disposed on the electron control layer ECL. For example, the second electrode CE may have an integral shape. The second electrode CE may be commonly disposed in the plurality of pixels. The second electrode CE may be a common electrode CE. 
     The encapsulation layer TFE may be disposed on the light-emitting element layer EL to cover the light-emitting element layer EL. The encapsulation layer TFE may include a first inorganic encapsulation layer  141 , an organic encapsulation layer  142 , and a second inorganic encapsulation layer  143 , which are sequentially stacked along the third direction DR 3 . However, this is an example, and the encapsulation layer  140  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the encapsulation layer  140  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept may further include a plurality of inorganic layers and a plurality of organic layers. 
     The first inorganic encapsulation layer  141  may prevent external moisture or oxygen from penetrating into the light-emitting element layer EL. For example, the first inorganic encapsulation layer  141  may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, or a combination thereof. 
     The organic encapsulation layer  142  may be disposed on the first inorganic encapsulation layer  141  to provide a flat surface. A curve formed on the upper surface of the first inorganic encapsulation layer  141  or particles existing on the first inorganic encapsulation layer  141  may be covered by the organic encapsulation layer  142 . For example, the organic encapsulation layer  142  may include an acryl-based organic layer, but the embodiment of the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. 
     The second inorganic encapsulation layer  143  may be disposed on the organic encapsulation layer  142  to cover the organic encapsulation layer  142 . The second inorganic encapsulation layer  143  may prevent penetration of external moisture or oxygen. The second inorganic encapsulation layer  143  may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, or a combination thereof. 
     The display panel  100  may be manufactured by cutting the base layer BS, the circuit layer CL, the light-emitting element layer EL, and the encapsulation layer TFE formed on the mother substrate  2  (refer to  FIG.  7 A ) with the use of the laser processing apparatus LPA (refer to  FIG.  1   ) and the laser processing method according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     As described above, the laser processing apparatus may measure the measurement data of all of the plurality of substrates at once by using the measuring unit. The control unit may calculate compensation data for compensating for the optical power of the laser beam on the basis of the measurement data. The laser processing apparatus may process a plurality of substrates by using the compensated laser beam. Accordingly, it is possible to provide the laser processing apparatus and the laser processing method with an increase in the processing quality. 
     While the present inventive concept has been described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.