Patent Publication Number: US-11039690-B2

Title: Chair with variable positioning and support

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/151,336 filed Oct. 3, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,617,214, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/567,678 filed Oct. 3, 2017. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/151,336 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/225,708 filed Aug. 1, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,123,624, which is a continuation-in-part of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2016/015849 filed Jan. 30, 2016, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/110,421 filed Jan. 30, 2015. All of the foregoing are incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     A chair with seating surfaces that can flex to conform to the shape and weight of an occupant, and in particular to a chair capable of providing an occupant the ability to achieve a recumbent position that disperses their weight to reduce point loading on certain areas or body parts of an occupant. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Typical chairs are configured to contort an occupant into positions that put pressure on the spine or specific portions of the spine. This can cause discomfort or pain and over time lead to chronic conditions. In order to reduce discomfort and pain, designers have introduced ergonomic chairs that purport to provide support for the lower back and promote good posture. However, ergonomic chairs do not evenly distribute body weight resulting in point loading on a body of an occupant. There therefore exists a need for a chair that conforms to an occupant&#39;s body shape and weight, with a form that reduces point loading on an occupant&#39;s body and minimizes internal stresses and compressions on body parts of the occupant, such as the spine and neck. 
     SUMMARY 
     A chair including a frame that can be adjusted to meet ergonomic needs of occupants. A chair can include a seating surface or combination of seating surfaces capable of flexing or otherwise deforming to conform to a weight and shape of an occupants body and specific parts of the occupant&#39;s body. In various implementations, a chair can be configured to provide an occupant the ability to achieve recumbent positions while dispersing a weight of the occupant or specific body parts of an occupant to reduce point loading. Further, in various implementations, a chair can be configured to allow an occupant to achieve a recumbent position while reducing physiological stresses and compressions on body parts of the occupant, such as the occupants neck, back, or spine. 
     In various implementations, a chair includes a structural frame. The structural frame of the chair can be of a shape or design to allow an occupant to achieve a recumbent position. A structural frame of the chair can include front and rear frame elements. Additionally the structural frame of the chair can include a support assembly structurally coupling the front and rear frame elements to each other. The support assembly can include one or a plurality of support sub frames and support wheels. The chair can also include a back support, one or a plurality of seating surfaces, a rotating headrest, and a rotating footrest. The various elements previously described can include mechanical and/or electrical connections coupling the elements and components together for allowing the elements and components to displace or rotate through ranges of motion. By allowing the components and elements to displace or rotate through ranges of motion, the connections allow for the form of the chair to be adjusted, providing more customized support for individual occupants, thereby potentially leading to reductions in point loading on an occupant. 
     In various implementations, a chair can include frame elements as part of a structural frame. Further, in various implementations, a force generating mechanism, such as a mechanized ring rotation assembly, can be integrated or physical coupled to the structural frame to cause displacement or rotation of elements of the structural frame, thereby allowing adjustment of the positions of components of the chair. For example, either or both the front and read frame elements may be rotated along various axes or displaced along planes to provide adjustment of a seat angle, a seat height, or an overall length of a chair. In various implementations, adjustments to elements of the structural frame, e.g. the front and rear frame element, can be made manually by an operator absent use of a motor assembly or other force generating mechanism. 
     In various implementations, a chair can have one or more bladders. Bladders of a chair can be configured to provide structural support and are configured to be filled or defiled with a suitable gas. Further in various implementations, hairs can be coupled to a canopy and canopy support arms to provide shade or protection from the elements for an occupant. Additionally, a canopy and canopy support arms can be coupled to the chair and used to private varying degrees of privacy to an occupant. 
     In various implementations, chairs can be coupled to a display tray and display support arms. Further, in various implementations, chairs can include one or a plurality of utility shelfs or storage compartments. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  provides a side view of a chair. 
         FIG. 2  provides another side view of a chair. 
         FIG. 3A  provides a side perspective view of a utility shelf. 
         FIG. 3B  provides a top view of parts of a utility shelf. 
         FIG. 3C  shows a side view of a chair with an integrated utility shelf configured at three different positions. 
         FIG. 4  provides an exploded perspective view of a headrest and headrest cushion assembly. 
         FIG. 5  provides a side perspective view of a chair. 
         FIG. 6  provides a top perspective view of a chair. 
         FIG. 7  shows a chair in some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIGS. 1 and 2  provide depictions of a chair configured to allow an occupant to achieve a recumbent position while reducing point loading of an occupant of the chair. The chair comprises a structural frame, a back surface, and a seating surface. The chair frame along with a back and seating surfaces capable of flexing according to characteristics of an occupant, e.g. a height of an occupant, a weight of an occupant, movements of an occupant, shape of an occupant. Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, elements of the chair, e.g. elements include as part of the structural frame, can flex, deform, displace, or rotate to cause the chair to conform to a shape, weight and movement of an occupant and allow for the occupant to achieve a recumbent position. For example, a rear frame element ( 91 ) and a front frame element ( 92 ) can rotate to allow an occupant to achieve a recumbent position. In another example, a rear bladder ( 170 ) can deform under the weight of an occupant to reduce physiological point loading to reduce internal physiological stresses such as neck/back vertebral compression. 
     The structural frame includes a rear frame element ( 91 ) and a front frame element ( 92 ). The rear frame element ( 91 ) and the front frame element ( 92 ) can be comprised of an applicable material to provide structural integrity to the structural frame and allow the structural frame to support an occupant of the chair. For example, the rear frame element ( 91 ) and the front frame element ( 92 ) can be comprised of a metal, such as steel, carbon fiber, or an applicable composite material. Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the structural frame can include one or an applicable combination of a support assembly ( 94 ), support sub frames ( 95 ), support wheels ( 96 ), bottom support structures ( 97 ) cross support structures ( 98 ), axial cross support structure ( 100 ), and side support structures ( 102 ). In various implementations, the support sub frames ( 95 ) can be rigidly secured or configured to displace. For example the support sub frames ( 95 ) can be of an applicable material or design to allow for deformation or rotational movement of frame elements of the structural frame. The axial cross support structure ( 100 ) can function to support other components and allow the other components to be fixed and/or displace or rotate. A chair can include a rear frame element support ( 99 ) ( FIG. 2 ). 
     In a specific implementation, a rear frame element support ( 99 ) provides support for rear element frame pivoting support arms and/or springs (e.g. headrest supports, utility shelf supports and canopy supports). For example, the rear frame element support ( 99 ) can be rigidly coupled to the rear frame element coupled to a canopy support to cause or allow the canopy support to rotate or displace with the rear frame element support ( 99 ). Frame coupling mechanisms ( 101 )( FIG. 2 ) are employed as connectors for the various structural elements of the frame elements of the chair. Depending upon implementation, specific or other considerations, the frame coupling mechanisms ( 101 ) are of an applicable type to allow frame elements coupled by the frame coupling mechanism to rotate or otherwise displace with respect to each other. Further depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the frame coupling mechanisms ( 101 ) are of an applicable type to rigidly secure frame elements together in a fixed manner. 
     In a specific implementation, the frame elements can be tubular, flat, and/or curved angled members which may utilize standard or custom punch hole patterns. In  FIG. 2 , an example punch hole pattern ( 39 ) is shown along a portion of the rear element frame which can provide for necessary material connections along with anchoring sites for applicable frame elements of the structural frame. For example, punch holes in the punch hole pattern ( 39 ) can be used to couple a display support arm to the rear element frame ( 91 ). 
     In a specific implementation, the side support structures ( 102 ) function to couple the rear frame element ( 91 ) and the front frame element ( 92 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, in coupling the rear frame element ( 91 ) to the front frame element ( 92 ), the side support structures ( 102 ) can help in structurally solidifying the structural frame of the chair to support an occupant of the chair. For example, in coupling the rear frame element ( 91 ) to the front frame element ( 92 ), the side support structures ( 102 ) can prevent unwanted displacement of the rear frame element ( 91 ) away from the front frame element ( 92 ). Further depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the side support structures ( 102 ) can provide structural rigidity and/or overall support to the structural frame. For example, the side support structures ( 102 ) can provide the structural frame strength to support a weight of an occupant. The side support structures ( 102 ) can be comprised of an applicable material or combination of materials to provide structural integrity to the structural frame, such as wood, plastic, metal, or any other applicable material or combination of materials. 
     In a specific implementation, the front ( 92 ) and rear ( 91 ) frame elements can be coupled to each other, at least in part, through the bottom support structures ( 97 ), as is shown in  FIG. 1 . Cross support structures ( 98 ) can couple corresponding rear frame elements ( 91 ), front frame elements ( 92 ), and side support structures ( 102 ) on opposing sides of the frame structure of the chair. 
     In a specific implementation, a structural perimeter or portions of the structural perimeter of rear frame elements ( 91 ), front frame elements ( 92 ), and side support structures ( 102 ) can be lined in the vertical and/or long axis with a rail ( 89 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the rail  89  can function as arm rests ( FIG. 2 ). Further depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the rail  89  can function to protect an occupant from the structural frame and provide overall comfort to the occupant. The rail ( 89 ) can be comprised of an applicable material capable of conforming to geometric shapes of the structural frame, while meeting performance requirements of the chair in allowing an occupant to achieve a recumbent position. For example, the rail ( 89 ) can be comprised of a flexible padded material. 
     As alternatives to fixed connections, the chair may utilize adjustable connections, such as eccentric connections, that may be provided to connect various chair elements and chair structural elements. By using eccentric connections, the connected elements can move relative to one another, and to the rest of the chair, through a range of motion. For example, using the adjustable connections enables variations to the seat angle, seat length, and seat height (variations in adjustability may be based on the eccentricity of one specific bolt length and subject to customization) and the seat&#39;s relation to both the back and forward leg support surfaces. The frame coupling mechanisms can be applicable mechanism for structurally coupling frame elements to each other, such as eccentric bolt connections. 
     As discussed previously, in a specific implementation, the frame structure includes bottom support structures ( 97 ) can be configured to extend between opposing sides of the chair or structural frame. For example, the frame structure can include bottom support structures ( 97 ) extending parallel to a traverse axis of the frame structure. Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the bottom support structures ( 97 ) can be connected via a structural plate on each side of the chair or integrated with a structural plate to form a rail/plate component coupling the rear frame element ( 91 ) to the front frame element ( 92 ). For example, the bottom support structures ( 97 ) can be connected to a structural plate integrated as part of the side support structures ( 102 ). 
     In a specific implementation, the frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ) of the frame structure are configured to directly contact a surface supporting the chair. For example, two rear element frames ( 91 ) and two front element frames ( 92 ) can sit directly on a surface supporting the chair or on bottom rails, potentially integrated as part of the chair and sitting directly on the surface supporting the chair Additionally, in a specific implementation, one or an applicable combination of frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ) can engage or otherwise contact smaller support wheels ( 96 ). The support wheels ( 96 ) capable of engaging the frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ) can be fixed or rotatable. Additionally, the support wheels ( 96 ) can be affixed to structural support rails included as part of the structural frame on respective sides of the structural frame. In being rotatable, the support wheels may act as bearings, and assist in providing smooth and easy rotation of the frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ). This can lead to a reduction in force required to rotate or otherwise displace the frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ). The frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ) may be connected to a structural rail at the bottom of each ring with rotating frame coupling mechanisms. 
     In a specific implementation, the frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ) can be rotated along a rotational angle of the frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ) around a central axis of one or a plurality of the frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ). In various implementations, the frame elements can be rotated in response to mechanical energy provided by mechanical motors. Each frame element ( 91 ) and ( 92 ) can have a single mechanical motor only dedicated to each corresponding frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ), or share mechanical motors amongst a combination of frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, mechanical motors can move in unison or independently to provide a wide range of automated or programmable synchronized and non-synchronized movement patterns of the corresponding frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ) the corresponding mechanical motors control. Motor activation of the mechanical motors can be controlled by a programmable and repositionable remote control. Each frame element ( 91 ) and ( 92 ) may be connected to the motor with a motor gear arm ( 175 )( FIG. 5 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, one or more manual levers or drive arms (not shown) may be provided instead of the mechanical motors, to allow an occupant of the chair to manually change the seat angle, height, and length, as well as adjust the positioning of other components of the chair or structural frame, e.g. the rear and front element frames ( 91 ) and ( 92 ). 
     Back Support and Seating Surfaces 
     The chair includes back support and seating surfaces configured to receive an occupant of the chair and support an occupant of the chair as the occupant utilizes the chair. Back support and seating surfaces can be comprised of a cushioned layer housed within a fabric cover and a supported by a seating support structure ( 190 ) as shown in  FIG. 1 . The seating support structure can include a back support surface ( 191 ) and a seating surface ( 192 ). The seating support structure ( 190 ) can be comprised of one of a plurality of flexible materials, such as bungees or flexible fabrics. The seating support structure ( 190 ) can be anchored to the frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ). The seating support structure ( 190 ) can also be anchored to the side support structures ( 102 ), or other structural supports provided with the structural frame. In various implementations, the back support surface ( 191 ) and seating surface ( 192 ) can be located between the side support structures ( 102 ) and run from near the top of the rear frame element ( 91 ) to the front midpoint of the front frame element ( 92 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, a middle section of the seating support structure ( 190 ) can be structurally supported by (“seat stays”) which are independent structural members that are attached on each side to the top interior of the front frame element ( 92 ) and the forward midpoint of the rear frame element ( 91 ). In various implementations, the independent structural members can be affixed to the frame elements ( 91 ) and ( 92 ) with adjustable connections, such as rotating frame coupling mechanisms. 
     Headrest 
     In various implementations, the chair includes a headrest. Depending upon implementation, specific or other considerations, a headrest included as part of the chair can be a rotating headrest. For example, a headrest can rotate about a central axis of the headrest as an occupant reclines into a recumbent position. 
     In a specific implementation, the headrest is supported by a headrest support. The headrest support can include headrest support arms ( 35 ). The headrest support arms ( 35 ) can include stepped notches ( 32 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the stepped notches ( 32 ) can provide for radial and/or height adjustments of the headrest. For example, an occupant can adjust the height of the headrest with respect to the chair such that the headrest adequately supports the head of the occupant. In various implementations, the stepped notches ( 32 ) can be used to displace a headrest support rod ( 202 ) through a shared channel ( 33 ) within each support arm ( 35 ) to cause the headrest to displace. For example, a headrest support rod ( 202 ) can be moved away from the chair within the shared channel ( 33 ) to cause the headrest to be raised to accommodate a height of an occupant. In various implementations, the headrest support arms ( 35 ) can include a plurality of discontinuous individual apertures that are not connected through a channel. For example, the headrest can be disconnected from the headrest support arms ( 35 ) and subsequently recoupled to at least one of the plurality of discontinuous individual apertures to displace the headrest and subsequently adjust the height of the headrest with respect to the chair. 
     In a specific implementation, the headrest can be coupled to the headrest support arms ( 35 ) through spring loaded mechanisms. For example, the headrest support rod ( 202 ) can be coupled to the stepped notches ( 32 ) through a spring loaded mechanism, thereby allowing the headrest support rod ( 202 ) and subsequently the headrest to be displaced more easily within the shared channel ( 33 ). 
     In various implementations, the headrest includes a headrest sub-assembly. The headrest sub-assembly can include a spring-tensioned assembly including radial spring cap plates on either side and radial spring anchoring disks, specifically  207 ,  206 ,  204 ,  211 . The previously described components, as part of the headrest sub-assembly, can be implemented with the headrest support rod ( 202 ) and functions to provide support of the headrest. Additionally, the previously described components alone in combination with the headrest support rod ( 202 ) can function to secure the headrest to the headrest support arm or arms ( 35 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, tensioning the headrest assembly can be increased or decreased to accommodate varying levels of pre-tensioning to resist specific or range of head or neck pressures. This provides an occupant of the chair with the ability to incrementally reposition the headrest, dynamically reposition the headrest, and/or reposition the headrest without using their hands, potentially when seated in the chair. In various implementations, adjustments of the tensioning of the headrest sub-assembly can be executed by rotating the headrest to provide for incremental increases or decreases in the spring tensioning. 
     In a specific implementation, the headrest sub-assembly includes one or an applicable combination of friction, pre-tensioned spring, spring pin, mechanical, eccentric connection elements configured to allow the headrest cushion and immediate substrate supports to move independent of the fixed support on which they are housed. For example, using the previously mentioned components, the headrest cushion, and potentially other components of the headrest sub-assembly can move independently of the headrest support rod ( 202 ) while it is affixed to the headrest support arms ( 35 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the previously described components can allow the headrest cushion to move in a limited range of motion in specific directions. For example, the headrest cushion can be displaced in a range of motion that is primarily co-planar with the long axis of the chair or along other axes. 
       FIG. 4  provides an exploded view of a headrest. The headrest includes a headrest cushion, a fabric enclosed cushion ( 201 ), a headrest support rod ( 202 ), and a headrest sub-assembly. In various implementations, the spring-tensioned assembly ( 207 ), ( 206 ), ( 204 ), ( 211 ), ( 201 ) is a rotationally adjustable spring-tensioned system that can be configured to allow the headrest cushion to move independently of the headrest support arms ( 35 ). For example, the spring-tensioned assembly can be configured to allow the headrest cushion to move in a direction that is co-planar to the longitudinal axis of the chair. The radial springs ( 205 ) can be anchored to a disk ( 206 ) that is fixed to the headrest support rod ( 202 ) within the radially stepped spring tensioning disks ( 206 ). These components can be enclosed by cap plates ( 204  and  207 ). The radial spring cap plates ( 204  and  207 ) can be coupled to the structural headrest cushion core ( 211 ). In various implementations, the radial spring cap plates ( 204  and  207 ) can be configured to move in a range of motion within the headrest. As the headrest is rotated, the radial springs can be tensioned to produce a range of force resistance that resets and repeats in sequential steps sequentially. The spring-tensioned assembly includes plates ( 208 ) at opposing ends. The plates ( 208 ) can functions to secure the various components of the spring-tensioned assembly together and prevent foreign substances from entering the spring-tensioned assembly. 
     In a specific implementations, the headrest support arms ( 35 ) includes the spring pin plungers ( 209 ). The spring pin plungers  209  can be configured to allow for radial repositioning of the headrest support arms ( 35 ) in relation to the rear frame element ( 91 ). The extended spring pin plungers ( 209 ) can allow for adjustments of the headrest by an occupant. The spring-tensioned assembly can include a spacer or one way bearing which can be used in conjunction with application coupling mechanisms to couple the headrest to the headrest support arms ( 35 ). 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the headrest support arms ( 35 ) are anchored to and pivot at, around, or through a rear frame element support ( 99 ) that connects to and spans a midpoint of the rear structural frame. The support arms ( 35 ) can rotate from this centered pivoting connection to allow the headrest assembly to also rotate in unison along the radius of the rear frame element and/or along the longitudinal axis of the chair. 
     A headrest coupling mechanism ( 31 ) couples the headrest to the headrest support arms ( 35 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the headrest coupling mechanism ( 31 ) can be an applicable mechanism that allows the headrest assembly to rotate in unison in a forward/rear motion and/or independently from the rotation of the headrest support arms ( 35 ). A plunger ( 34 ) can be configured to allow for quick radial adjustment of the headrest support arms ( 35 ). 
     Leg and Foot Support Elements 
       FIGS. 1 and 2  provide a depiction of a leg and foot support elements integrated with the chair. In a specific implementation, the leg and foot support elements are integrated at the front of the chair and may provide additional leg cushioning and footrest support. Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the leg and foot support elements can be fixed or adjustable. For example, the foot support element can be adjusted to accommodate occupants of varying heights. The supports may be comprised of a solid, cushioned, inflatable material or any combination of surfaces that adjust uniformly or independently in any direction. Further depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the foot and leg supports may be configured to be adjustable to allow for storing or stowing within the frame structure of the chair. The foot and leg supports can be coupled to the chair through an applicable coupling mechanism. For example, the foot and leg supports can be coupled to the chair through adjustable pivoting connections that provide adjustability of the leg and foot supports while an occupant is either in a seated or standing position. In another example, the leg and foot supports can be coupled to the chair through one or an applicable combination of spring tensioned, spring pinned, ratcheting, mechanical, hook, bungee or eccentric connections. 
     In a specific implementations, as shown in  FIG. 1 , a lower body support element ( 70 ) is coupled to the chair through adjustable straps ( 71 ). The lower body support element can serve as a leg support and/or a foot support in operation of the chair. 
     In a specific implementation, as shown in  FIG. 2 , a lower body support element ( 70 ) can be coupled to the chair through footrest support arms ( 72 ) in an extended position. A connector, such as a nested footrest pin is attached to the sides of the footrest cushion/support and allows the support arms ( 72 ) to nest into the support arms ( 73 ), thereby displacing the lower body support element ( 70 ). 
     In a specific implementation, the chair includes a removable storage container ( 74 ). The removable storage container  74  can be integrated as part of the chair and allows for an occupant to store items within the chair. 
     Bladders 
     In a specific implementation, the interior of the chair may comprise inflatable bladders, along with mechanisms for inflating and deflating the bladders. For example, the interior of the chair can include an air pump and hose assemblies to selectively inflate or deflate the bladders to an occupant&#39;s preferences. Alternatively, an air pump and hose assembly can be, at least in part, integrated externally from the chair. The bladders can include sealable connections thereon for attaching air hoses and other devices to inflate or deflate the bladders. Each bladder can be formed of one large bladder, or can be comprised of a series of smaller bladders formed together in compartments. Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, gas hose connections can be made to each bladder, or series of compartments making up the bladders. Further depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the bladders can include connections for attachment of external hoses for use in inflating and deflating the bladders. 
     In a specific implementation, as shown in  FIG. 2 , a series of bladders may be integrated within the structural frame, and below the back and seating surfaces. For example, the chair can include a rear bladder ( 170 ) housed within a cavity of the rear frame element ( 91 ). In another example, the chair can include a front bladder housed within a cavity of the front frame element ( 92 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the chair can include bladders between the area of the rear and front support elements ( 91  and  92 ). For example, the chair can include a bladder underneath the back support surface ( 191 ). 
     In a specific implementation, gas pressure within the bladders can be regulated manually or by a pump and/or regulator assembly. The ability to control gas pressure within the bladders allows an occupant to inflate and deflate different bladders to different pressure levels according to the desired comforts of the occupant. In a specific implementation gas pressure levels of the bladders can be controlled manually or according to customizable and/or programmable pressure variations. For example, smaller bladders lining the back and seat surface cushions can be configured to provide more targeted pressurization variations. In providing targeted pressurization variations, fatal infections from the development of undetected sores as a result of paraplegia can be prevented. 
     In a specific implementation, as shown in  FIG. 5 , the pump/regulator assembly ( 172 ), hoses ( 173 ) can be contained within the interior of the chair frame structure. 
     In a specific implementation, as shown in  FIG. 5  the chair includes a motor assembly ( 14 ) and a motor gear arm ( 175 ). The motor gear arm ( 175 ) can regulate displacement or rotation of the rear and front frame elements ( 91  and  92 ) in response to energy provided by the motor assembly ( 14 ). Additionally, the motor gear arm ( 175 ) can regulate movement of the structural seat stays and seating surfaces through a range of motion in providing various seating positions for occupants. 
     Utility Shelf 
     In a specific implementation, a chair can include a utility shelf ( 40 ). Examples of a chair integrated with a utility shelf are shown in  FIGS. 1, 3A, 3B, and 3C . The utility shelf ( 40 ) can be adjustable. Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the utility shelf ( 40 ) can be fixed to, nested within, or independent of fixed components of the chair. The utility shelf ( 40 ) can be used to provide task specific surface areas and storage for the user while in both the seated and standing position. Further depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the shelf ( 40 ) can be detachable from the chair. 
       FIGS. 1 and 3   c  show a utility shelf in 3 different positions: behind the headrest in a rear non-rotated position ( 44 ); positioned for use as a lower body support element ( 42 ); and nested in a rotated seat position ( 40 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, as shown in  FIG. 1 , a utility shelf can be coupled to the chair through fixed utility shelf support arms ( 46 ). Alternatively, a utility shelf can be coupled to the chair through rotating utility shelf support arms ( 47 ), to allow for the utility shelf to be rotated into various positions. 
     In a specific implementation, a shelf may be comprised of a surface that acts as support legs on each side and incorporates radial edges ( 54 )( FIG. 3 a   ). This can facilitate the rotation of a task surface provided by the shelf. Additionally, this can provide customizable task surface angles while in the fixed, nested or independent configuration. The utility shelf can include radial notches ( 45 )( FIG. 3 a   ) along the radial edges ( 54 ). The radial notches ( 45 ) can be used to lock the shelf at predetermined angles. The radial notches ( 45 ) can also include an additional slot along a smaller diameter in which the utility shelf can be rotated. The shelf can be locked in a position by an applicable mechanical mechanism, e.g. friction, spring-tensioned pin, mechanical, magnetic or an applicable combination thereof. In providing for task surface adjustments a variety of task specific activities such as reading, writing, typing, or eating angles can be achieved. The utility shelf can be used independently to carry or stow accessories or for use while the user is seated on any surface. 
     In a specific implementation, between the radial notches  54 , the shelf includes flat edges ( 53 )( FIG. 3 a   ). The flat edges ( 53 ) can allow the shelf to be stowed on a side edge or placed on the floor from a seated position in conjunction with a single hand grip. 
     In a specific implementation, the shelf includes a flat surface ( 52 ) on the bottom. The flat surface ( 52 ) can be used place and balance the shelf on a flat surface independently. 
     In a specific implementation, the shelf includes recesses and/or embossed surfaces. The recesses and/or embossed surface can be configured for providing anchoring connections, hand and/or finger grips or used for the nesting of task specific accessories (beverage, keyboard, mouse, remote controls, etc.). These recesses and/or embossed surfaces may be on an applicable surface of the shelf and utilize magnetic or mechanically fastened connections. Side openings ( 51 ) on sides of the shelf provide grips for use in carrying or otherwise displacing the shelf. Additional surfaces or containers may be attached to the tray to expand the task specific surface area of the shelf or to provide additional storage. These surfaces may be nested on top of the shelf surface, hinged, inserted or fastened to any shelf surface and utilize magnetic or mechanically fastened connections. Non-slip surface textures may also be fabricated as part of the shelf or affixed to the shelf in the form of a non-slip coating or veneer to any shelf surface. 
     In a specific implementation, as shown in  FIG. 3A , the utility shelf can include a top opening ( 49 ). Through the top opening ( 49 ), an operator can carry the shelf. Additionally, in a specific implementation, the utility shelf can include through holes ( 50 ) for anchoring the shelf to utility shelf support arms. 
     Display Tray and Display Supports 
       FIGS. 1 and 5  illustrate a display tray ( 20 ) with display support arm assemblies that allow adjustable connection to the chair. Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the display tray ( 20 ) can be a physical surface for supporting or resting an item such as a lap top, note pad, book or what not. Further depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the display tray ( 20 ) can be integrated as or include a visual computer display, e.g. a computer monitor. For example, the display tray ( 20 ) can be an actual electronic pad, e.g. an iPad®. 
     In a specific implementation, the display tray is integrated with a tray support assembly that can provides a wide range of independent height and rotational angle configurations for both the display tray to accommodate preferences of an occupant. The display tray can be integrated with display support arms ( 22 ). The display support arms can be displaceable or rotatable to provide fixed or adjustable positioning of the display tray to suit the preferences of an occupant. 
     The display supports arms ( 22 ) can be configured to extend from the chair structural frame. Alternatively, the display support arms ( 22 ) can be configured to pivot from fixed connections on the chair. Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the display support arms ( 22 ) can be configured to operate with display support arm guide wheels ( 27 )( FIG. 5 ). The display support arm guide wheels ( 55 ) can be coupled to the display support arms ( 22 ) in a configuration including a flange that can function to stabilize lateral and rotational movement of the display support arms ( 22 ). Further depending upon implantation-specific or other considerations, the display support arm guide wheels ( 22 ) can move over small protrusions on the interior of the rear frame element ( 91 ). The small protrusions function to prevent rolling of the display support arm guide wheels ( 22 ) and subsequent displacement of the display support arms ( 22 ) and the display tray ( 20 ). One or a combination of the display support arms ( 22 ) the display support arm guide wheels can be housed within a covering that extends out from the sides of the chair. 
     In a specific implementation, display support arms ( 22 ) are coupled to the chair through applicable pivoting coupling mechanisms, e.g. a rotating pin. In using a pivoting coupling mechanism a range of adjustments for positioning the display tray  20  using the same pivoting support arms is achieved.  FIGS. 1 and 5  show the display tray ( 20 ) range of motion ( 24 ) provided by the display support arms ( 22 ). For example, the display support arms ( 22 ) may be in an angled position ( 23 ), or in a vertical position ( 25 ). The display tray support arms ( 22 ) may also be set to any other position within their range of motion. 
     In a specific implementation, the tray support assembly includes display support arm connector ( 21 ). The display support arm connector ( 21 ) can couple the display tray ( 20 ) to the display support arms ( 22 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the display support arm connector ( 21 ) can be a pivoting connection, e.g. a pin, which allows the display tray ( 20 ) to be rotated/tilted. The display support arms ( 22 ) and display support connector arm ( 21 ) can include spring tensioning, spring tensioned pins, counterweights, mechanical fastening, magnetic connections, friction connections or any combination thereof to assist in positioning and repositioning of the display tray ( 20 ) and display support arms ( 22 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the tray support assembly can include display mounting plates that comprise the display bracket assembly may also be fixed, removable, slide, slip-lock, lock, pivot, rotate, clamp or of any combination in how they connect to the display support arms. These connections can allow the display bracket support arms ( 22 ) to be adjusted to provide the ability to adjust and set the display tray at various rotated positions. 
     In a specific implementation, a base of the display support arms ( 22 ) are weighted with a counterweight ( 28 ) to counterbalance the weight of the display tray or for example, the weight of a computer/monitor, or other device or item placed on the display tray. This can ensure that the display tray  20  be easily moved to a desired a position and help to keep the display tray at the desired position. 
     The display support arms ( 22 ) can be centered and fixed to torsion springs ( 26 )( FIG. 1 ) on the rear frame element support ( 99 ) attached to the rear frame element. At the base of each support there can be a tensioned wheel assembly ( 104 ). Tension within the tensioned wheel assembly ( 104 ) can be generated by an applicable mechanism for generating energy, such as a spring. The tensioned wheel assembly ( 104 ) can be adjusted to a range of tension to help regulate the rotation of the display support arms in conjunction with and nesting between the small protrusions along the interior of the frame element ( 91 ). This can be used to provides rotational reposition of the display tray ( 20 ) and the display support arms ( 22 ) from both a standing or seated position. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , a torsion spring ( 103 ) provides rotational resistance of the display tray and display support arms. It is connected to the rear frame element support ( 99 ) and the display support arm on either side of the chair and can be configured to perform in either rotational direction. 
     Canopy and Canopy Supports 
     In a specific implementations, the chair includes a canopy enclosure supported by a canopy support structure. The chair can include a canopy enclosure having a canopy shade ( 5 ) and canopy support arms ( 1 ) included as part of the canopy support structure as is shown in  FIG. 1 . A canopy enclosure can be included on the chair to provide shelter from environmental impacts when the chair is in use outdoors or for varying levels of privacy. The canopy shade ( 5 ) can be comprised of an applicable material or combination of materials. For example, the canopy shade ( 5 ) can be comprised on an applicable materials or combination of materials that assist in mitigating environmental impacts such as sun, rain, wind, sound or insects. 
     In a specific implementation, the canopy support arms ( 1 ) may provide fixed or adjustable positions for the canopy shade ( 5 ) to suit the comfort preferences of each occupant. Not shown are independent vertical canopy support arms. Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 5 , the display support arms ( 22 ) can function as vertical canopy support arms. 
     In a specific implementation, the chair can include canopy support arms ( 1 ) separate from the display support arms ( 22 ). The independent canopy support arms ( 1 ) can be fixed to the chair frame or alternatively, pivot from fixed connections on the chair similar to the display support arms ( 22 ). In using canopy support arms independent from the display support arms ( 22 ) the display tray and display support arms can rotate freely within the canopy enclosure to accommodate seated and standing positions. The canopy support arms ( 1 ) can be coupled to the chair through a pivoting connection to provide for a range of adjustments that include positioning for both a seated and standing configuration independent of the pivoting display support arms ( 22 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the canopy support arms ( 1 ) can include or be coupled to spring tensioning, spring tensioned pins, counterweights, mechanical fastening, magnetic, friction connections or any combination to assist in the positioning and repositioning of the canopy enclosure. 
     In a specific implementation, the chair includes canopy support brackets ( 2 ) to aid in supporting the canopy support arms ( 1 ). Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, the canopy support brackets can be coupled to the canopy support arms ( 1 ) through an applicable coupling mechanism, e.g. a fixed or pivoting coupling mechanism. The canopy and associated canopy support structure can be removable from the chair. The chair can include a spring pined/plunger ( 6 ) to allow for quick releases of connections of either or both the canopy support arms ( 1 ) from the chair and/or the canopy brackets ( 5 ) to decouple the various components of the canopy and the canopy support structure. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1  the canopy support brackets ( 2 ) may be hinged and pinned so they can be stowed with the canopy support arms ( 1 ). The canopy support structure can also include a canopy structural cross support ( 4 ). In various implementations, a plurality of canopy structural cross supports may be included as part of the canopy support structure. A material forming the canopy can be attached to the canopy cross support ( 4 ) and can be spring-loaded and deployed or stored in place with a pull release or pull locking mechanism. 
     Internal Storage Compartments 
     In a specific implementation, the chair includes compartments ( 150  and  151 ) ( FIG. 1 ) within the rear and front frame elements ( 91  and  92 ). The compartments ( 150  and  151 ) can provide storage options of varying size and means of access. The compartments ( 150  and  151 ) can be configured as fixed, removable, nested volumes or any combination. The compartments ( 150  and  151 ) and their enclosures may also be configured to slide, extend, retract, be hinged, rotate, pivot, lock, be spring-tensioned, and include magnetic, snap-on or mechanical fastening or any combination. 
     OTHER EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 7  shows a chair in some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the chair has a pre-tensioned but flexible seating that dynamically adapts to the occupant&#39;s weight, shape and movement. The primary objective is to minimize the physiological consequences of sitting by reducing muscle tension, reversing skeletal compression and increasing blood circulation. The occupant is placed in a slouch-proof, fully supported, weight-displacing and circulation-enhancing recumbent position. A cushioned headrest that can be micro-adjusted to 100 unique positions minimizes the muscle fatigue that typically develops in the back, neck and shoulders when in a standing or upright sitting position. The flexible seating surface spontaneously adapts to the unique contours of the occupant and allows the occupant&#39;s torso to sink incrementally. The head, back and legs are supported in a way that helps keep the spine in its natural (lordotic/kyphotic) and decompressed state. The supportive confluence of an adaptive user defined contour, targeted resistance that aligns and decompresses the skeleton, and a fully supported recumbent seating position places the body in a subtle state of traction. 
     In some embodiments, the chair incorporates a dual-purpose pivoting display interface (PDI) that revolves from it&#39;s default standup desk position around the seated occupant. The PDI can be paired with a laptop and used as a dual-screen interface in both a seated or standing position. When the PDI is in its default standup desk position, the chair can simultaneously accommodate both a standing and seated user within a 15 square foot. footprint. 
     In some embodiments, the PDI can function as a entertainment display or as a standup workstation for caregivers. 
     In some embodiments, the chair incorporates a privacy enclosure. 
     In some embodiments, the chair incorporates a footrest that can be repositioned to provide extended support for the occupant&#39;s lower legs and feet. 
     In some embodiments, the chair incorporates a pivoting task tray that is mobile, nested, and freely rotating. When deployed, the task tray rotates freely in response to subtle gestures of the occupant. In some embodiments, the task tray can be repositioned using rear shelf support brackets, forming a higher, alternate and adjustable work surface that can be used independently or with the PDI. In some embodiments, the task tray is stowable. 
     In some embodiments, the chair incorporates storage drawers that can be accessed from multiple angles in both the seated and standing positions. In some embodiments, the chair incorporates forward and aft storage that can be accessed from a forward seated position. 
     In some embodiments, the chair incorporates frame articulation and mechanized controls that can reposition the seating surface through a range of motion, whereby the seating angle shifts from a recumbent to a more prone, sleeping position. 
     In some embodiments, the chair incorporates integrated or embedded air bladders that can target and modulate the surface tension of the seating surface, which can help prevent the development of bedsores. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Part  
                 Ref. # 
                 FIG. 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Canopy support arms  
                   1  
                 1  
               
               
                 Canopy support bracket  
                   2  
                 1  
               
               
                 Canopy pivoting hinge connection  
                   3  
                 1  
               
               
                 Canopy structural cross support  
                   4  
                 1  
               
               
                 Canopy shade  
                   5  
                 1  
               
               
                 Spring pinged/plunder  
                   6  
                 1  
               
               
                 Display tray  
                  20  
                 1  
               
               
                 Display support connector  
                  21  
                 1  
               
               
                 Display support arm  
                  22  
                 1, 2  
               
               
                 Pivoting display support arm in angled position  
                  23  
                 1  
               
               
                 Display support range of motion  
                  24  
                 1, 5  
               
               
                 Pivoting display support arms in vertical position  
                  25  
                 1  
               
               
                 Torsion spring for display support arm  
                  26  
                 2  
               
               
                 Display support arm guide wheels  
                  27  
                 5  
               
               
                 Display support arm counterweight  
                  28  
                 5  
               
               
                 Headrest (rotational adjustable spring tensioned)  
                  30  
                 1, 2  
               
               
                 Headrest coupling mechanism  
                  31  
                 2  
               
               
                 Stepped notches  
                  32  
                 2  
               
               
                 Shared channel  
                  33  
                 2  
               
               
                 Plunger  
                  34  
                 2  
               
               
                 Rotationally adjustable headrest support arm  
                  35  
                 2  
               
               
                 Punched hole pattern for spring pin/plunger (connection of  
                  39  
                 2  
               
               
                 headrest and keyboard support arms or any other radial  
                   
                   
               
               
                 adjustable support arms)  
                   
                   
               
               
                 Utility shelf  
                  40  
                 1  
               
               
                 Utility shelf nested in rotated seat position  
                  41  
                 1, 3c  
               
               
                 Lower body support element  
                  42  
                 1, 3c  
               
               
                 Slotted pin rests for utility shelf  
                  43  
                 1  
               
               
                 Utility shelf in the rear non-rotated position  
                  44  
                 1, 3c  
               
               
                 Utility shelf radial notches  
                  45  
                 3a  
               
               
                 Fixed utility shelf support arm  
                  46  
                 1  
               
               
                 Rotating utility shelf support arm  
                  47  
                 1  
               
               
                 Utility shelf rotated positioned and nested within extended  
                  48  
                 1  
               
               
                 footrest support arms  
                   
                   
               
               
                 Utility shelf top opening  
                  49  
                 3a  
               
               
                 Utility shelf through holes  
                  50  
                 3a  
               
               
                 Utility shelf through holes  
                  51  
                 3a  
               
               
                 Utility shelf flat surface  
                  52  
                 3a  
               
               
                 Utility shelf flat edges  
                  53  
                 3a  
               
               
                 Utility shelf radial edges  
                  54  
                 3a  
               
               
                 Holes and/or recesses for accessories such as cup holder,  
                  55  
                 3b  
               
               
                 remote, phone, keyboard, trackpad, etc.)  
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lower body support element  
                  70  
                 1, 2  
               
               
                 Adjustable strap for leg and footrest I  
                  71  
                 1  
               
               
                 Foot rest support arm  
                  72  
                 2  
               
               
                 Foot rest support arm  
                  73  
                 2  
               
               
                 Removable storage container  
                  74  
                 2  
               
               
                 Lower body support structure nested within extended  
                  75  
                 2  
               
               
                 footrest support arms  
                   
                   
               
               
                 Rail  
                  89  
                 2  
               
               
                 Rear frame element  
                  91  
                 1  
               
               
                 Front frame element  
                  92  
                 1  
               
               
                 Ring rotation support wheel  
                  93  
                 1  
               
               
                 support assembly  
                  94  
                 1  
               
               
                 support sub frames  
                  95  
                 1  
               
               
                 Support wheels  
                  96  
                 1  
               
               
                 Bottom support structures  
                  97  
                 1  
               
               
                 Cross support structures  
                  98  
                 1  
               
               
                 rear frame element support (e.g. headrest, utility shelf and  
                  99  
                 2  
               
               
                 canopy supports)  
                   
                   
               
               
                 Axial cross support structure  
                 100  
                 2  
               
               
                 frame coupling mechanisms  
                 101  
                 2  
               
               
                 Side support structures  
                 102  
                 2  
               
               
                 Torsion spring  
                 103  
                 5  
               
               
                 Tensioned wheel assembly  
                 104  
                 5  
               
               
                 Rear frame element container  
                 150  
                 1  
               
               
                 Front frame element container  
                 151  
                 1  
               
               
                 Rear bladder  
                 170  
                 2  
               
               
                 Front bladder  
                 171  
                 2  
               
               
                 Pump/regulatory assembly  
                 172  
                 5  
               
               
                 Hoses  
                 173  
                 5  
               
               
                 Motor assembly  
                 174  
                 5  
               
               
                 Motor gear arm  
                 175  
                 5  
               
               
                 Seating support structure  
                 190  
                 1  
               
               
                 Back support surface  
                 191  
                 2  
               
               
                 Seating surface  
                 192  
                 2  
               
               
                 Headrest cushion assembly  
                 200  
                 4  
               
               
                 Fabric enclosed cushion  
                 201  
                 4  
               
               
                 Headrest support rod  
                 202  
                 4  
               
               
                 Spacer or one way bearing when used in conjunction with  
                 203  
                 4  
               
               
                 headrest coupling mechanism  
                   
                   
               
               
                 Radial spring cap plate  
                 204  
                 4  
               
               
                 Radial spring fixed to a disk that is fixed to the anchoring  
                 205  
                 4  
               
               
                 rod  
                   
                   
               
               
                 Radially stepped and notched spring tensioning disk  
                 206  
                 4  
               
               
                 Radial spring cap plate  
                 207  
                 4  
               
               
                 Headrest assembly cap plate  
                 208  
                 4  
               
               
                 Spring pin plungers  
                 209  
                 4  
               
               
                 Dual and extended quick adjust spring pin plungers  
                 210  
                 4  
               
               
                 Structural headrest cushion core  
                 211  
                 4