Patent Publication Number: US-2022216556-A1

Title: Battery devices and method for fixing battery cells

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of international application No. PCT/EP2020/071021 filed on Jul. 24, 2020, and claims the benefit of German application No. 10 2019 211 190.4 filed on Jul. 26, 2019, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF DISCLOSURE 
     The present invention relates to a battery device. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to provide a battery device that is simple and economical to produce. 
     This object is achieved by the features of the independent device claim. 
     Advantageous further developments are the subject matter of the dependent claims. 
     The battery device according to the invention preferably comprises the following: One or more battery modules, each battery module comprising: 
     a frame element; 
     a base element; and 
     a plurality of battery cells. 
     The battery modules are preferably arranged or can be arranged along a stacking direction. 
     For example, it is conceivable that a battery module comprises at least approximately 50 battery cells. 
     For example, it can be favorable if a battery module comprises approximately 200 to approximately 600 battery cells, for example approximately 400 battery cells. 
     The battery device comprises, for example, two or more than two battery modules. 
     The frame element of a respective battery module is preferably designed to be closed in a ring shape. 
     The frame element and the base element of a respective battery module preferably define an in particular pot-shaped receiving space in which battery cells of the battery module are received. 
     It can be favorable if the receiving space of a battery module is delimited by the frame element and by the base element of the battery module and by the base element of an adjacent battery module. 
     The battery device can preferably be arranged in such a way that the stacking direction of the battery modules runs parallel to the direction of gravity. In this case, the battery device is in particular arranged “vertically.” 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that the battery device can be arranged in such a way that the stacking direction of the battery modules runs substantially perpendicular to the direction of gravity. The battery device is in particular arranged “horizontally.” 
     The frame element of a respective battery module preferably surrounds all of the battery cells of the battery module, in particular in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction. 
     The battery cells are preferably galvanic cells. 
     In particular, the battery cells are what are referred to as secondary cells. 
     It can be favorable if the battery cells, in particular the secondary cells, are rechargeable. 
     The battery modules of the battery device are preferably designed to be self-supporting. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the frame elements of the respective battery modules form housing portions of the battery device. 
     Preferably, the frame elements of the battery modules together form an outer skin of the battery device. 
     The frame element of a respective battery module preferably comprises a wall that is closed in a ring shape. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the frame element comprises a connecting web that is arranged between two opposing wall portions of the wall of the frame element and connects them to one another. 
     In particular, a surface of the wall of the respective frame element forms part of a surface of a housing of the battery device. 
     It can be favorable if a respective frame element comprises a double wall comprising an inner wall element and an outer wall element. 
     A wall, in particular an outer wall element of a double wall, of a respective frame element preferably forms part of an enclosure of the battery device, in particular part of an overall housing of the battery device, in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the battery modules. 
     The frame elements of the battery modules of the battery device are therefore preferably not delimited by an additional enclosure in a radial direction. 
     The production costs of the battery device can preferably be reduced by eliminating an additional enclosure. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, a radial direction is understood to mean, in particular, a direction transverse, preferably perpendicular, to the stacking direction of the battery modules. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the longitudinal axes of the battery cells of a respective battery module are arranged substantially parallel to the stacking direction of the battery modules. 
     If the longitudinal axes of the battery cells of a respective battery module are arranged substantially parallel to the stacking direction of the battery modules, an outer contour of the frame elements of the battery modules can preferably be optimally adapted to an available installation space, for example in a vehicle. 
     In particular, an available installation space, for example in a vehicle, can be optimally utilized. 
     It can be favorable here if a degree of filling of a receiving space of the battery modules of the battery device can be increased by arranging the longitudinal axes of the battery cells parallel to the stacking direction of the battery modules. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, a degree of filling of a receiving space of the respective battery modules is understood in particular to mean a ratio of the displacement volume displaced by the battery cells arranged in the receiving space relative to a total volume of the receiving space. 
     An energy storage capacity of the battery modules and in particular of the battery device can preferably be increased by increasing the degree of filling. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the battery cells are round cells. 
     The battery cells are preferably circular-cylindrical battery cells, in particular circular-cylindrical round cells. 
     The battery cells are preferably at least approximately rotationally symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal axis thereof. 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that the battery cells are prismatic cells. 
     A degree of filling of a receiving space of a respective battery module can preferably be increased by using round cells. 
     A receiving space of a battery module can preferably be optimally utilized by using round cells. In particular, a receiving space of a battery module can be at least approximately completely filled by using round cells. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the battery device comprises two end bodies, the battery modules of the battery device preferably being arranged between the two end bodies. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the two end bodies comprise or are formed from a metallic material, in particular steel or aluminum. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the two end bodies comprise fastening elements, by means of which the battery device can be fixed to a supporting structure, for example to a supporting structure of a vehicle. 
     As an alternative or in addition to this, it is conceivable that the battery modules each comprise one or more further fastening elements, by means of which the battery device can be fixed to a supporting structure. 
     For example, only the two end bodies comprise fastening elements, by means of which the battery device can be fixed to a supporting structure. 
     It can therefore be favorable if the battery device can only be fixed to a supporting structure by means of the end bodies. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the battery modules of the battery device are clamped or can be clamped together. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the battery modules of the battery device are clamped or can be clamped between the two end bodies. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if substantially no force is exerted on the battery cells of the battery modules by clamping the battery modules, in particular parallel to the stacking direction and/or parallel to a longitudinal axis of the battery cells of a respective battery module. 
     For example, it can be provided that the battery modules of the battery device are clamped or can be clamped between the two end bodies by means of one or more clamping elements. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the clamping elements are what are referred to as tie rods. 
     It can be favorable if the clamping elements comprise or are formed from a metallic material, for example steel or aluminum. 
     Preferably, the clamping elements comprise or are formed from steel. 
     Tie rods designed as clamping elements each comprise, in particular, a metallic rod having a thread. In order to clamp the battery modules, the rod can preferably be arranged parallel to the stacking direction. The battery modules can preferably be clamped together, in particular between the two end bodies, by means of one or more screw elements that can be screwed onto the rod. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the battery modules are clamped in the stacking direction with a clamping force corresponding to a tension of at most approximately 30%, for example at most approximately 50%, of an upper yield point of a material of the clamping elements. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that a respective battery module comprises a sealing element. 
     The sealing element of a battery module is preferably a ring-shaped sealing element. 
     It can be favorable if the sealing element comprises a plastic material or is formed therefrom. 
     The sealing element of a respective battery module is received or can be received, for example, in a receiving groove of the battery module. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the receiving groove for receiving the sealing element is arranged on and/or formed in an end face of the frame element of a respective battery module that is arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction. 
     It can be favorable if a sealing element of a respective battery module is compressed by clamping the battery modules of the battery device between two adjacent battery modules, in particular between a frame element and a base element of two adjacent battery modules. 
     A sealing effect in accordance with protection class IP 6K9K can be achieved, for example, by means of a sealing element of a respective battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the battery cells of a respective battery module are fixed to the base element of the battery module. 
     The battery cells and the base element are preferably not in direct material contact. 
     The battery cells, in particular cell bases of the battery cells, are preferably at a distance from the base element, for example within the range of approximately 0.2 mm to approximately 1.5 mm, preferably within the range of approximately 0.3 mm to approximately 1 mm. 
     The battery cells of a respective battery module are preferably thermally coupled directly and/or indirectly to the base element of the battery module and/or are electrically insulated from the base element. 
     It can be favorable if the battery cells of a respective battery module are thermally coupled to the base element by means of a thermally conductive paste and/or by means of a casting compound and/or are electrically insulated therefrom. 
     In particular, it can be provided that the battery cells of a respective battery module are integrally connected to the base element of the battery module by means of a casting compound. 
     Preferably, the battery cells of a respective battery module are arranged at a distance from the base element by means of a casting compound and are connected thereto by means of the casting compound, for example at a distance within the range of approximately 0.2 mm to approximately 1.5 mm, preferably within the range of approximately 0.3 mm to about 1 mm. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the battery cells of a respective battery module are completely embedded in the casting compound. 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable, for example, that at least approximately 30%, for example at least approximately 50%, of a respective battery cell is embedded in a casting compound based on a length of said battery cell measured parallel to a longitudinal axis of the battery cell. 
     The casting compound comprises, for example, polyurethane, silicone and/or an epoxy resin. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the casting compound is a one-component material, a two-component material or a multi-component material. 
     For example, it can be favorable if the casting compound is a two-component material having a curing agent, in particular a cross-linking agent. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the casting compound is designed to be thermosetting and/or moisture-setting. 
     It can be favorable if the battery cells of a respective battery module are each embedded in a first casting compound and in a second casting compound. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the battery cells are integrally connected to the base element of a respective battery module by means of a first casting compound. Preferably, at most approximately 50%, for example at most approximately 40%, in particular at most approximately 30% of a respective battery cell is embedded in the first casting compound based on a length of said battery cell measured parallel to a longitudinal axis of the battery cell. 
     The battery cells are preferably also embedded in a second casting compound, by means of which a receiving space of a respective battery module is at least in part filled. For example, the receiving space of a respective battery module is foamed with the second casting compound. 
     It can be favorable if the first casting compound has a higher strength than the second casting compound. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the first casting compound has a higher density than the second casting compound. 
     Furthermore, it is in particular conceivable that the second casting compound has a lower thermal conductivity than the first casting compound. 
     The second casting compound is a foam material, for example. 
     If the battery cells of a respective battery module are thermally coupled directly to the base element, the battery module has the following sequence in the stacking direction, for example: base element, electrical insulation film, thermally conductive paste, battery cell. In particular, it can be favorable if there is no distance between the individual layers and/or elements. 
     If the battery cells of a respective battery module are thermally coupled indirectly to the base element, the battery cells of the battery module are thermally coupled directly to a casting compound, for example. Preferably, the casting compound is in turn thermally coupled directly to the base element of the battery module. It can be favorable if the battery cells are arranged at a distance from the base element. 
     It can be favorable if the battery cells are at a distance from the base element within the range of approximately 0.2 mm to approximately 1.5 mm, preferably within the range of approximately 0.3 mm to approximately 1 mm, in a direction parallel to the stacking direction of the battery device. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the frame element of a respective battery module comprises or forms a temperature control device. 
     It can be favorable if the temperature control device is designed for active temperature control and/or for passive temperature control. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, active temperature control is understood to mean, in particular, temperature control whose effect is substantially based on convection, in particular on forced convection. Active temperature control is preferably implemented by means of a temperature control fluid flowing by way of external mechanical action, in particular by means of a temperature control liquid flowing by way of external mechanical action. 
     Active temperature control takes place, for example, by means of liquid cooling. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, passive temperature control is understood to mean, in particular, temperature control whose effect is substantially based on thermal conduction. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the frame element comprises a temperature control channel by means of which a temperature control medium can flow. 
     A temperature control channel of the frame element is arranged or formed in particular in a wall, for example in a double wall, of the frame element. 
     Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the temperature control device comprises one or more heat-conducting elements, in particular one or more cooling fins. 
     One or more heat-conducting elements of the temperature control device are preferably arranged on an outer surface of the frame element. 
     For example, it is conceivable that heat-conducting elements designed as cooling fins are arranged substantially parallel to the stacking direction. 
     Demolding of the frame element can preferably be facilitated by cooling fins running parallel to the stacking direction. 
     An outer surface of the frame element can preferably be enlarged by means of the heat-conducting elements, in particular by means of the cooling fins. 
     If the frame element comprises or is formed from a metallic material, it can be provided that the temperature control device comprises one or more heat-conducting elements, in particular cooling fins. 
     It can also be favorable if the temperature control device comprises, in addition to one or more heat-conducting elements, a blower by means of which the heat-conducting elements can be blown on in order to dissipate heat therefrom. 
     As an alternative or in addition to this, it is conceivable that the heat-conducting elements can be blown on by the relative wind when a vehicle is moving in order to dissipate heat therefrom. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that one, a plurality of or all battery modules of the battery device each comprise a degassing element for degassing a receiving space of the respective battery module. 
     It can be favorable if a degassing element of a battery module is arranged on the frame element of the battery module. 
     For example, it is conceivable that a degassing element comprises or is formed by a bursting element and/or a pressure equalization element. 
     If all battery modules of the battery device each comprise one or more degassing elements, a particularly short degassing path can preferably be implemented, such that hot gases can be routed as directly as possible into an area surrounding the battery device. 
     A propagation of a thermal runaway of battery cells of a battery module to other battery cells of the same battery module and/or to battery cells of adjacent battery modules can preferably be prevented. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that all battery modules of the battery device or more than 50% of the battery modules of the battery device are of identical design, preferably more than 80% of the battery modules. 
     For example, it is conceivable that, with the exception of one battery module, all the battery modules of the battery device are of identical design. 
     In particular, all frame elements of the battery modules of the battery device are of identical design. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that a respective battery module comprises a propagation protection element. 
     By providing a propagation protection element, a propagation of a thermal runaway of battery cells of a battery module to battery cells of an adjacent battery module can preferably be prevented. 
     It can be favorable if a propagation protection element of a respective battery module comprises or is formed from a heat-resistant and/or thermally insulating material, for example mineral wool fleece and/or glass fiber fleece. 
     For example, it is conceivable that a propagation protection element of a battery module is connected, for example bonded, to the base element of the respective battery module. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if a propagation protection element of a battery module is arranged on a side of the base element that faces away from the receiving space of the battery module. 
     It is in particular conceivable that the propagation protection element of a battery module delimits the receiving space of an adjacent battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the battery device comprises one or more temperature control elements, each of which is arranged between two adjacent battery modules. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the one or more temperature control elements, each of which is arranged between two adjacent battery modules, comprise or are formed by electrical resistance heating elements. 
     A temperature control element, which comprises or is formed by an electrical resistance heating element, preferably forms a propagation protection element. In particular, it can be favorable if a temperature control element, which comprises or is formed by an electrical resistance heating element, comprises a heat-resistant material. 
     Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the one or more temperature control elements, each of which is arranged between two adjacent battery modules, comprise one or more temperature control channels through which a temperature control medium, for example a cooling or heating liquid, can be conveyed. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the one or more temperature control elements, each of which is arranged between two adjacent battery modules, are produced by means of a roll-bonding process. 
     It is conceivable that a temperature gradient occurs from a “core” of a battery module to the frame element of the battery module. In particular, it is conceivable that battery cells in the core of the battery module have a higher temperature than battery cells in an edge region of the battery module, which edge region is delimited by the frame element of the battery module. 
     A maximum possible charging current is limited by a temperature gradient in the battery module and/or by temperature differences between the battery cells of a battery module. 
     Battery cells of the battery module, for example, first heat up in the core of the battery module and only then in an edge region of the battery module. 
     For example, it is conceivable that battery cells in different portions arranged one inside the other each have an at least approximately identical temperature starting from a core of the battery module, which temperature increases from the core of the battery module to an edge region of the battery module. 
     It can therefore be favorable if the one or more temperature control elements, each of which is arranged between two adjacent battery modules, each comprise two or more than two temperature control zones in which different temperatures can be adjusted. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the one or more temperature control elements, each of which is arranged between two adjacent battery modules, comprise a radially inner temperature control zone and a radially outer temperature control zone, which surrounds the radially inner temperature control zone, the one or more temperature control elements in the radially outer tempering zone having a higher heat output per unit area than in the radially inner tempering zone. 
     The one or more temperature control elements preferably have a cross section taken perpendicularly to a stacking direction of the battery device, which cross section substantially corresponds to a cross section of a receiving space of the battery modules of the battery device taken perpendicularly to the stacking direction of the battery device. 
     As an alternative or in addition to this, it is conceivable that each individual battery cell of a battery module is assigned an individual temperature control element. 
     It can also be favorable if a temperature control element is assigned to a group of battery cells of a battery module, in particular to a group of battery cells arranged in certain portions. 
     Temperature control elements are, for example, heating films and comprise one or more resistance heating elements. 
     Preferably, selective heating of individual battery cells, in particular individual groups of battery cells, can be made possible by providing a temperature control element having a plurality of temperature control zones or by providing a plurality of temperature control elements. Temperatures of the battery cells of a battery module can preferably be equalized. 
     By equalizing the temperatures of the battery cells of a battery module, a higher maximum charging current and thus in particular a reduction in charging time can preferably be achieved. 
     In particular, a more uniform discharge of the battery cells of a battery module can also be implemented. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the frame element and/or the base element is produced in particular in one piece from a metallic material, for example aluminum. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the frame element and/or the base element are made of a metallic material having a high thermal conductivity, for example a metallic material having a thermal conductivity of at least approximately 130 W/m*K, preferably at least approximately 160 W/m*K. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the frame element and the base element are a one-piece die-cast aluminum part. 
     As an alternative to this, it is conceivable that in each case one base element is integrally connected to a frame element, in particular welded, for example by means of friction stir welding. 
     By integrally connecting the base element and the frame element, thermal and/or mechanical coupling of the base element and the frame element can preferably be implemented. 
     In particular, metallic thermal conduction from the base element into the frame element can be implemented. 
     If the frame element is made of a metallic material, it can be provided that the frame element comprises one or more heat-conducting elements, in particular one or more cooling fins, which are arranged in particular on an outer surface of the frame element. 
     A ratio of an outer surface of the frame element to an inner surface of the frame element is preferably at least approximately 1.3:1, preferably at least approximately 1.5:1. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the frame element is made of a plastic material and/or that the base element is made of a metallic material. 
     When the frame element is made of a plastic material, the frame member is preferably injection molded. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the frame element is an injection-molded plastic component. 
     Heat can preferably be conducted away from the battery cells of a battery module by means of a metallic base element. 
     The base elements of the battery modules are preferably aluminum plates. 
     It can be favorable if the base elements of the battery modules comprise or are formed from an aluminum alloy having a thermal conductivity of at least approximately 130 W/m*K, preferably at least approximately 160 W/m*K. 
     The base elements of the battery modules preferably comprise AlMgSi0.5 or are formed therefrom. 
     In this case, it can be favorable in particular if the base elements have an average material thickness within the range of approximately 2 mm to approximately 6 mm, for example approximately 4 mm, parallel to a stacking direction of the battery device. 
     Preferably, a vibration resistance of the battery modules of the battery device can be increased. In particular, the temperatures of the battery cells of a respective battery module can be equalized. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that a respective battery module comprises electrical contacting elements, by means of which two adjacent battery modules can be connected to one another in series by stacking the battery modules along the stacking direction. 
     A respective battery module preferably comprises a first contacting element and a second contacting element, the first and the second contacting element being arranged on opposite sides of the battery module in the stacking direction. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the first contacting element and the second contacting element of a respective battery module are arranged in such a way that the first contacting element of a first battery module of two adjacent battery modules and the second contacting element of a second battery module of the two adjacent battery modules make electrically conducting contact with one another. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that a respective battery module comprises one or more spacer elements, by means of which the base elements of the battery modules are arranged or can be arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     The spacer elements preferably comprise or are formed from a metallic material. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if a spacer element of a respective battery module is formed by the frame element of the battery module, in particular if the frame element is made of a metallic material. 
     As an alternative to this, it is possible for a respective battery module to comprise a plurality of, preferably at least three, spacer elements that are inserted into a frame element of the battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that a respective battery module comprises a detection device for detecting the cell voltages of the battery cells of the battery module and/or for detecting the temperatures of the battery cells of the battery module and/or that a respective battery module comprises a balancer for balancing the battery cells of the battery module. 
     It can be favorable if the frame element of a respective battery module comprises a plastic material or is formed therefrom. 
     A total mass of the battery device and/or the production costs of the battery device can preferably be reduced by frame elements that comprise or are formed from a plastic material. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the frame element is an injection-molded component, in particular an injection-molded plastic component. 
     Preferably, the frame element is a one-piece injection-molded plastic component. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the frame element comprises a double wall, in particular a double wall that is closed in a ring shape. 
     The double wall preferably comprises an inner wall element and an outer wall element. 
     The inner wall element and/or the outer wall element are preferably closed in a ring shape. 
     By providing the outer wall element and/or the inner wall element, a closed casing can preferably be provided for the battery cells of a respective battery module, even if the outer wall element fails, for example in the event of a crash. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the inner wall element and/or the outer wall element are arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     Opposing wall portions of the inner wall element and the outer wall element are connected to one another in particular by means of one or more connecting webs. 
     It can be favorable if the connecting webs run parallel to a stacking direction of the battery device. 
     The inner wall element and the outer wall element are preferably connected to one another by means of a plurality of connecting webs. 
     The connecting webs are arranged at regular distances from one another, for example. 
     The following advantages can preferably be achieved by providing a double wall through which a temperature control medium can flow: 
     fire protection by wetting the outer wall element and/or the inner wall element with a temperature control medium, improved propagation protection, increased electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); improved mechanical strength; temperature control of the battery cells of a battery module. 
     By wetting the outer wall element and/or the inner wall element with a temperature control medium, burning off or melting of the frame element can preferably be made more difficult, delayed and/or prevented. 
     For example, electromagnetic compatibility can be increased by an electrically conductive temperature control medium flowing through a double wall of a frame element of a respective battery module. 
     In order to increase electromagnetic compatibility, it can also be provided that the frame element of a respective battery module is coated, in particular vapor-deposited, with a metallic material. 
     In particular, an outer surface and/or an inner surface of the frame element can be coated, in particular vapor-deposited, with a metallic material. 
     It can be favorable if the temperature control space of a battery module is delimited in the stacking direction by the base element of the battery module and by a base element of an adjacent battery module. 
     The base element of a battery module preferably comprises one or more passage openings that open into the temperature control space of a battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that a temperature control medium can flow through the double wall of the frame element, in particular parallel to a stacking direction of the battery device. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the double wall of the frame element delimits a temperature control space of the respective battery module, preferably at least on two sides. 
     The temperature control space is preferably closed in a ring shape. 
     The temperature control space of a respective battery module preferably has a temperature control space contour in a cross section taken perpendicularly to a stacking direction of the battery device. 
     It can be favorable if the temperature control space is in part delimited by the base element of a respective battery module. 
     In particular, it can be provided that the temperature control space is delimited on two sides by the double wall of the frame element. Preferably, the temperature control space is also delimited by the base element of a respective battery module on a first side of the frame element in the stacking direction. It can also be favorable if the temperature control space is delimited by a base element of an adjacent battery module on a second side of the frame element in the stacking direction, which second side faces away from the first side of the frame element. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the temperature control space, with the exception of the passage openings, is delimited by the base element of a respective battery module and by a base element of an adjacent battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the base element of a respective battery module comprises one or more passage openings that, in particular, open into a temperature control space of the battery module. 
     It can be favorable if the temperature control spaces of adjacent battery modules are fluidly connected to one another, in particular by means of the passage openings of the base element. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the passage openings are circular. 
     In order to be able to improve the dissipation of heat from a base element of a battery module into a temperature control medium flowing through the temperature control space, it can be provided that the passage openings have an opening cross section in which a ratio of the surface area of a wall of a respective passage opening to the opening cross section of said passage opening is as large as possible. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the passage openings have a square or star-shaped cross section. 
     The base element of a respective battery module preferably comprises a plurality of passage openings that are arranged substantially along a line. 
     The passage openings are preferably arranged at regular distances from one another along the line. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the passage openings of the base element are arranged along a line that runs along a temperature control space contour of the temperature control space of a respective battery module. 
     A sealing portion of a sealing element is preferably arranged radially inside a line along which the passage openings are arranged and radially outside of the line along which the passage openings are arranged. 
     The sealing portions of the sealing element are preferably closed in a ring shape and in particular run substantially parallel to the line along which the passage openings are arranged. 
     It can be favorable if the passage openings, which open into the temperature control space of a battery module, form temperature control medium inlets and/or temperature control medium outlets, by means of which temperature control medium can be introduced into and/or guided out of a temperature control space of a battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that a respective battery module comprises two sealing elements, a first sealing element being arranged between the frame element and the base element of the battery module and/or a second sealing element being arranged between the frame element and a base element of an adjacent battery module. 
     It can be favorable if the sealing elements are injection molded onto the base element and/or onto the frame element of a respective battery module. 
     It can also be favorable if a sealing element is injection molded onto the frame element during the manufacture of the frame element. 
     As an alternative or in addition to this, it is possible that one or more sealing elements are injection molded onto the base element when a holding body is injection molded onto said base element. 
     For example, it is conceivable that a sealing element is injection molded onto the base element on opposing sides of the base element. 
     Furthermore, it is conceivable that a sealing element is produced independently of the frame element and/or independently of a holding body. A sealing element produced independently of the frame element and/or independently of the holding body is preferably placed in sealing element receiving grooves of the frame element. 
     A sealing element preferably comprises a first sealing portion and a second sealing portion. 
     The first sealing portion and/or the second sealing portion are preferably closed in a ring shape. 
     The first sealing portion and the second sealing portion of the sealing element preferably each comprise a sealing lip. 
     It can be favorable if the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion are connected to one another, for example by means of one or more web elements. 
     The sealing elements are preferably designed in one piece. 
     As an alternative to this, it is conceivable that the sealing elements are designed in multiple parts and the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion are not connected to one another. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that a respective battery module comprises one or more spacer elements, by means of which the base elements of the battery modules are arranged or can be arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     It can be favorable if the one or more spacer elements of a battery module are designed to be pressure-stable. 
     The one or more spacer elements of a battery module have, in particular, higher pressure stability than the frame element of the battery module. 
     The spacer elements preferably comprise or are formed from a metallic material. 
     For example, it is conceivable that a respective battery module comprises a plurality of, preferably at least three, spacer elements, that are inserted into the frame element of the battery module. 
     For example, it is also conceivable that the frame element of a respective battery module comprises one or more receptacles, a spacer element preferably being arranged in each receptacle. 
     The spacer elements are preferably of substantially cylindrical design. 
     It can be favorable if the spacer elements of a respective battery module are arranged outside the double wall of the frame element of the battery module in a direction perpendicular to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     Spacer elements of two adjacent battery modules are preferably aligned in a stacking direction of the battery device. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the one or more spacer elements of a respective battery module each comprise two contact surfaces arranged on opposing sides of the spacer element, a respective spacer element contacting the base element of the battery module with a first contact surface and the spacer element contacting or being able to contact the base element of an adjacent battery module with a second contact surface. 
     A force can preferably be introduced from the spacer elements into the base elements. 
     In particular, a compressive force can be transferred from the spacer elements to the base elements contacting the contact surfaces of the spacer elements. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the two contact surfaces of a spacer element of a respective battery module are at a distance from one another, which distance substantially corresponds to a height of a wall, in particular a double wall, of the battery module taken parallel to the stacking direction. 
     The frame elements of the battery modules, which comprise or are formed from a plastic material, can preferably be prevented from being compressed due to a clamping force acting on the battery modules parallel to a stacking direction of the battery device. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the spacer elements of a respective battery module are bolt elements or sleeve elements. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the spacer elements of a respective battery module are substantially circular or annular in a cross section taken perpendicularly to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     Spacer elements designed as sleeve elements are preferably designed as hollow cylinders. 
     It can be favorable if the spacer elements are designed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal axis thereof. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the spacer elements comprise a spacer portion in which the spacer elements are in particular cylindrical, for example circular-cylindrical. 
     It can also be favorable if the spacer elements also comprise an insertion portion in which the spacer elements are in particular cylindrical, for example circular-cylindrical. 
     An insertion portion of a spacer element is preferably insertable into a spacer portion of an adjacent spacer element in a stacking direction of the battery device. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the battery modules of the battery device are clamped together by means of the spacer elements or that the battery modules of the battery device are clamped by means of clamping elements passed through the spacer elements. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the spacer elements each comprise screw elements, it being possible for spacer elements that are adjacent in a stacking direction of the battery device to be screwed together by means of the screw elements. 
     For example, it is conceivable that an insertion portion of a spacer element comprises an external thread and/or that a spacer portion of a spacer element comprises an internal thread. 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that clamping elements of the battery device are guided through spacer elements designed as sleeve elements. 
     It can be favorable if the battery modules of the battery device are clamped or can be clamped between two end bodies by means of one or more clamping elements. 
     The battery modules of the battery device are preferably pressed together before being clamped, in particular in a stacking direction of the battery device. 
     It can be favorable here if sealing elements of the battery modules are deformed, in particular compressed, between a frame element and a base element during the pressing of the battery modules. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the frame element of a respective battery module comprises one or more stacking projections projecting away from the frame element parallel to a stacking direction of the battery device and/or one or more stacking recesses, in which stacking recesses stacking projections of a frame element of an adjacent battery module can be received. 
     Stacking of the battery modules of the battery device can preferably be facilitated by means of the stacking projections and/or by means of the stacking recesses. 
     The stacking projections and the stacking recesses of the frame element of a respective battery module are preferably arranged on opposing sides of the frame element. 
     In particular, it can be provided that all stacking projections of the frame element of a respective battery module are arranged on a first side of the frame element and that all stacking recesses are arranged on a second side of the frame element, which second side faces away from the first side. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the frame element of a respective battery module is or can be connected, for example clipped, to the base element of the battery module in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner. 
     The frame element of a respective battery module preferably comprises one or more latching projections. 
     It can be favorable here if the base element of a respective battery module comprises one or more latching recesses into which the latching projections of the frame element can be inserted. 
     The one or more latching projections of a frame element of a respective battery module preferably each comprise two latching elements. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that a latching element of a latching projection in each case comprises a latching hook. 
     The latching hooks of the two latching elements of a latching projection preferably engage behind the base element of a respective battery module when the frame element is connected, in particular clipped, to the base element in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the frame element of a respective battery module comprises a stiffening structure, for example a stiffening rib structure, on a circumferential surface of the frame element. 
     A stiffness of an injection-molded frame element can preferably be increased by means of the stiffening structure. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that a stiffening rib structure of the frame element comprises a plurality of rib elements. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that one or more, in particular all, battery modules of the battery device are of identical design. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the frame elements and/or the base elements of all battery modules of the battery device are of identical design. 
     It can be favorable if the base element of a respective battery module comprises or is formed from a metallic material and forms part of an outer surface of the battery device. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the base element forms a part of an outer surface of the battery device that is closed in a ring shape. 
     Heat can preferably be dissipated to the outer surface of the battery device by means of the base element of a respective battery module. 
     Passive temperature control of the battery device can preferably be implemented by means of the base elements. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, passive temperature control is understood to mean, in particular, temperature control that is substantially based on thermal conduction. 
     The base elements of the battery modules in each case form, in particular, surface portions closed in a ring shape of an outer surface of the battery device. 
     The surface portions closed in a ring shape and formed by the base elements of the battery modules are preferably separated from one another in the stacking direction by the frame elements of the battery modules. 
     Preferably, because the base element of a respective battery module forms part of an outer surface of the battery device, heat can be dissipated to an outer surface of the battery device by means of the base element. 
     Perpendicular to a stacking direction of the battery device, an outer surface is preferably formed by surface portions closed in a ring shape and formed by the base elements of the battery modules as well as by the frame elements of the battery modules. 
     The base element preferably has a thermal conductivity of at least approximately 100 W/m*K, for example at least approximately 150 W/m*K. 
     For example, it can be favorable if the base element has a thermal conductivity of approximately 186 W/m*K. 
     The base element comprises, in particular, aluminum or is formed therefrom, for example AlMgSi0.5. 
     The battery modules of the battery device are preferably arranged or can be arranged along a stacking direction. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the base element of a respective battery module forms part of the outer surface of the battery module in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the base elements of the battery modules protrude beyond the frame elements of the battery modules at least in portions, for example closed in a ring shape, perpendicular to a stacking direction of the battery device. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the battery device comprises a heat sink and/or a temperature control element, which are thermally coupled to one or more, preferably to all, base elements of the battery device. 
     The heat sink and/or the temperature control element are preferably arranged on the outer surface of the battery device. 
     The heat sink preferably comprises one or more cooling fins. 
     It can be favorable if the heat sink is in direct material contact with one or more, preferably with all, base elements of the battery device, in particular on the part of the outer surface of the battery device that is formed by the respective base elements of the battery modules. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that a respective battery module also comprises a holding body for holding the battery cells of the respective battery module, which holding body is connected, in particular integrally, to the base element of the battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the holding body of a respective battery module comprises a plurality of receiving openings, in each of which a battery cell of the battery module is received. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the holding body of a respective battery module comprises approximately 200 to approximately 600 receiving openings, for example approximately 400 receiving openings. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the holding body of a respective battery module comprises a honeycomb structure or is formed by a honeycomb structure. 
     It can be favorable if a honeycomb structure of the holding body comprises a plurality of holding elements, in particular polygonal holding elements, that delimit the receiving openings. 
     The holding elements are, for example, regular hexagons. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the holding elements are each arranged adjacent to a plurality of further holding elements. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that holding elements of the honeycomb structure are each arranged adjacent to six further holding elements. 
     A receiving opening of a holding element is preferably delimited by a plurality of holding element webs, for example by six holding element webs in each case. 
     It can be favorable if a plurality of holding element webs of adjacent holding elements are connected to one another at a node. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if three holding elements of three adjacent holding elements are connected to one another at the node. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the holding body of a respective battery module is injection molded onto the base element of the battery module. 
     The holding body preferably comprises connection regions arranged at a plurality of nodes, at which connection regions the holding body is connected, for example integrally, to the base element. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the holding body is injection molded onto the base element at the connection regions. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if a connection region is arranged at approximately 50% of the nodes of the holding body. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the holding body is designed in one piece. 
     The holding body is preferably an injection-molded component, in particular a one-piece injection-molded component. 
     The holding body preferably comprises or is formed from a plastic material. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that a respective battery module also comprises a sealing element, in particular two sealing elements, that are connected, in particular integrally, to the base element of the battery module. 
     It can be favorable if the sealing element, in particular the two sealing elements, are injection molded onto the base element. 
     It can be favorable if the sealing element, in particular the two sealing elements, are each designed to be closed in a ring shape. 
     A sealing contour of the sealing element preferably corresponds to a contour of the frame element of a respective battery module, in particular in a cross section taken perpendicularly to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the two sealing elements are arranged on two opposing sides of the base element of a respective battery module, in particular injection molded onto the base element. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the sealing element comprises a first sealing portion and a second sealing portion. 
     A first sealing portion and a second sealing portion are preferably each designed to be closed in a ring shape. 
     It can be favorable if the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion of the sealing element are arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the battery cells of a respective battery module are thermally coupled to the base element of the battery module. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the battery cells of a respective battery module are thermally coupled to the base element of the battery module by means of a thermally conductive paste and/or by means of a casting compound. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the base element of a respective battery module comprises one or more temperature control channels, for example a temperature control channel structure. 
     A temperature control channel, in particular a temperature control channel structure, of the base element can preferably be flowed through by means of a temperature control medium. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the base element of a respective battery module is of multi-layer design and delimits a temperature control channel, in particular a temperature control channel structure. 
     A temperature control channel, in particular a temperature control channel structure, of the base element of a respective battery module is produced, for example, by means of roll bonding. 
     It can be favorable if active temperature control of the battery device can be implemented by means of the base element by providing a temperature control channel in the base element of a respective battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device, it is provided that the base element of a respective battery module is a hybrid component, in particular a metal-elastomer hybrid component. 
     The present invention is based on the further object of providing a method for fixing battery cells, by means of which method a battery device is simple and economical to produce. 
     This object is achieved by a method for fixing battery cells in accordance with the independent method claim. 
     The method according to the invention for fixing battery cells preferably has one or more of the features and/or advantages described in connection with the battery device according to the invention. 
     The method for fixing battery cells preferably comprises the following:
         providing a layer element;   providing a plurality of battery cells;   fixing the battery cells in the layer element by means of, in particular, plastic deformation of the layer element.       

     It can be favorable if the layer element, which is in particular plastically deformed, forms a holding body of a battery module. 
     Preferably, the layer element is a thermoformable layer element. 
     The battery cells are in particular round cells. 
     The layer element preferably comprises or is formed from a plastic material. 
     For example, it can be favorable if the layer element comprises or is formed from a polyolefin, for example polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). 
     The layer element preferably comprises a low-density polyethylene (LDPE). 
     The layer element is in particular a shrink film. 
     It can be favorable if the layer element comprises or is formed from an electrically insulating material. 
     It is also conceivable, for example, for the layer element to comprise or be formed from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC). 
     In one embodiment of the method, it is provided that the battery cells are fixed in the layer element by heating the layer element and/or by subsequently cooling the layer element. 
     It can be favorable if the layer element rests on a lateral surface and/or on a base surface of a respective battery cell after the battery cells have been fixed in the layer element. 
     In particular, it can be provided that the layer element rests to an extent of at most approximately 50% against a lateral surface of a respective battery cell. 
     The layer element preferably rests to an extent of at least approximately 10%, for example to an extent of at least approximately 20%, preferably to an extent of at least approximately 30%, against a lateral surface of a respective battery cell. 
     Furthermore, it can be favorable if the layer element rests completely against the entire base surface of a respective battery cell. 
     After the battery cells have been fixed, the layer element preferably rests on the battery cells in a pot-shaped manner. 
     In one embodiment of the method it is provided that the layer element is plastically deformed by heating or that the layer element is heated and the heated layer element is then plastically deformed. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the in particular thermoformable layer element can only be formed after it has been heated. 
     In one embodiment of the method it is provided that the layer element is cooled after being heated. 
     Preferably, the layer element solidifies upon being cooled. 
     The cooled layer element is preferably substantially rigid. 
     In one embodiment of the method, it is provided that the layer element is shrunk onto the battery cells. 
     The layer element is preferably only shrunk onto a partial region of the battery cells. 
     In particular, the battery cells are not completely surrounded by the layer element. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the layer element is only shrunk onto the first side of the battery cells in the direction of the longitudinal axes of the battery cells. 
     For example, it can be provided that the layer element is shrunk onto the battery cells over at most approximately 50% of a length of a respective battery cell. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, a length of the battery cells is understood to mean, in particular, a length of the battery cells in a direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the battery cells. 
     The layer element is in each case preferably shrunk onto the battery cells over at least approximately 10%, in particular at least approximately 20%, for example at least approximately 30%, of a length of a respective battery cell. 
     In one embodiment of the method, it is provided that the battery cells are aligned relative to one another before they are fixed in the layer element, in particular by means of a tool. 
     The battery cells are preferably arranged parallel to one another before they are fixed in the layer element. 
     In particular, the battery cells are arranged in such a way that the longitudinal axes of the battery cells are arranged parallel to one another. 
     It can also be favorable if the battery cells are arranged in a predetermined pattern before they are fixed in the layer element. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the battery cells are arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns in the predetermined pattern. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the battery cells are each at an identical first distance from one another in a row direction of the predetermined pattern. 
     Furthermore, it is preferably conceivable that the battery cells are each at an identical second distance from one another in a column direction of the predetermined pattern. 
     It is conceivable that the first distance in the row direction is smaller or larger than the second distance in the column direction. 
     In one embodiment of the method, it is provided that the battery cells are initially aligned parallel to one another and/or in a predetermined pattern. 
     The battery cells are preferably arranged parallel to one another and/or in the predetermined pattern by means of a tool. 
     In particular, the mold comprises a first mold half having a negative mold, in which the battery cells can be received at least in part. 
     The first mold half is in particular a die element. 
     In particular, the first mold half forms a shaping element. 
     In particular, the first mold half has a negative mold of the predetermined pattern. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the first mold half comprises a plurality of positioning openings, in each of which a battery cell can be received for aligning the battery cells. 
     The first mold half preferably comprises a plurality of lines and a plurality of rows of positioning openings, a line and/or a row in each case comprising a plurality of positioning openings. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the battery cells are arranged in the positioning openings of the first mold half by means of a positioning device, for example by means of an industrial robot. 
     The layer element is preferably deformed by positioning the layer element between the battery cells and the first mold half and then arranging the battery cells in the positioning openings of the first mold half. 
     The layer element is preferably clamped in the positioning openings of the first mold half by means of the battery cells and deformed in the process. 
     In particular, the layer element is clamped in each case between a positioning opening wall and a battery cell. 
     The mold preferably comprises a second mold half having a negative mold, in which the battery cells can be received at least in part. 
     The first and second mold halves are preferably movable relative to one another. 
     The second mold half preferably has a negative mold of the predetermined pattern. 
     The second mold half preferably also comprises a plurality of positioning openings, in each of which a battery cell can be received for aligning the battery cells. 
     It can be favorable if the positioning openings of the first mold half and/or the second mold half are each substantially cylindrical, in particular substantially circular-cylindrical. 
     An inside diameter of the positioning openings in the first mold half is preferably larger than an outside diameter of the battery cells. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if an inside diameter of the positioning openings in the first mold half is substantially the same size or smaller than the sum of an outside diameter of the battery cells and twice the material thickness of the layer element. 
     The layer element and a respective battery cell can preferably be clamped within the positioning openings of the first mold half. 
     It can also be favorable if an inside diameter of the positioning openings in the second mold half substantially corresponds to an outside diameter of the battery cells. 
     In one embodiment of the method, it is provided that one or more battery cells are moved parallel to a longitudinal axis of the battery cells after the parallel alignment and/or after the alignment in a predetermined pattern. 
     The battery cells are preferably moved against a stop that is preferably arranged perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the battery cells. 
     In particular, it can be favorable for the battery cells to be moved against a stop in such a way that the base surfaces of all battery cells are arranged in a single plane after the movement. 
     In one embodiment of the method, it is provided that one or more battery cells are moved parallel to a longitudinal axis of the battery cells to such an extent that base surfaces of all battery cells are arranged substantially in a single plane. 
     For example, it is conceivable that all battery cells are moved against a stop. 
     It can be provided in particular that the first mold half and the second mold half are moved toward one another. 
     The positioning openings in the first mold half and/or the positioning openings in the second mold half preferably comprise a stop. 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that the first or second mold half comprises a stop and that the second or first mold half comprises a movement device for moving one or more battery cells, by means of which movement device the battery cells can be moved against the stop. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the movement device comprises one or more pistons that can be displaced in positioning openings in the first or the second mold half. 
     As an alternative to this, it is conceivable that the movement device comprises one or more nozzle elements that open into the positioning openings of the first or the second mold half. 
     The layer element and/or the battery cell arranged in a respective positioning opening of the first mold half are preferably moved by pressurizing a pressure chamber delimited by the layer element and the positioning opening. 
     The present invention also relates to a battery device comprising one or more battery modules, 
     a respective battery module comprising: 
     a frame element; 
     a base element; and 
     a plurality of battery cells, 
     the battery cells being fixed in a layer element by means of the method according to the invention for fixing battery cells and 
     the layer element and the battery cells fixed in the layer element being fixed to the base element of the battery module. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the layer element in which the battery cells are fixed is integrally connected to the base element of a battery module, in particular by means of a thermally conductive paste. 
     After the layer element has been deformed, in particular after the deformed layer element has cooled, the deformed layer element preferably forms a holding body by means of which the battery cells are held. 
     The present invention also relates to a method for producing a battery device, in particular a battery device according to the invention. 
     The method for producing a battery device preferably comprises the following:
         providing two or more than two battery modules;   stacking the battery modules along a stacking direction.       

     It can be favorable if the battery modules of the battery device are clamped together and/or between two end bodies. 
     For example, it is conceivable that two adjacent battery modules are connected to one another in layers and/or clamped together. 
     The method according to the invention for producing a battery device, in particular for producing a battery device according to the invention, preferably has one or more of the features and/or advantages described in connection with the battery device according to the invention. 
     Further features and/or advantages of the invention are the subject matter of the following description and the drawings illustrating embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic longitudinal section through an embodiment of a battery device comprising a plurality of battery modules; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic perspective view of a section of a battery module of the battery device from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is an enlarged representation of the region III in  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic perspective view of a partial section of a battery module of the battery device from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is an enlarged representation of the region V in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic plan view of a section of a battery module of the battery device from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic perspective view of a section of a battery module of the battery device from  FIG. 1  from below; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic perspective view of a section of a battery module of the battery device from  FIG. 1  from above; 
         FIG. 9  is an enlarged representation of the region IX in  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 10  is an enlarged representation of the region X in  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic section through a battery module of the battery device of  FIG. 1  along the line XI-XI in  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic section through a battery module of the battery device of  FIG. 1  along the line XII-XII in  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic section through a battery module of the battery device from  FIG. 1  along the line XIII-XIII in  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic perspective view of a section of stacked base elements and spacer elements of a battery device from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 15  is an exploded schematic perspective view of a section of the base elements and the spacer elements from  FIG. 14 ; 
         FIG. 16  is a schematic plan view of a temperature control element of a battery device from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 17  is a schematic perspective view of a section of a further embodiment of a battery device; 
         FIG. 18  shows a section of a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a battery device; 
         FIG. 19  shows a section of a schematic perspective view of an end body of the battery device from  FIG. 18 ; 
         FIG. 20  is a schematic representation of a first method step of an embodiment of a method for fixing battery cells; 
         FIG. 21  is a schematic representation of a second method step, subsequent to the first method step from  FIG. 20 , of the embodiment of a method for fixing battery cells; 
         FIG. 22  is a schematic representation of a third method step, subsequent to the second method step from  FIG. 21 , of the embodiment of a method for fixing battery cells; 
         FIG. 23  is a schematic representation of battery cells fixed in a deformed layer element; 
         FIG. 24  is a schematic representation of the battery cells fixed in the deformed layer element, the deformed layer element forming a holding body and the holding body being connected to a base element of a battery module of a battery device; and 
         FIG. 25  is an enlarged representation of the region XXV in  FIG. 24 . 
     
    
    
     The same or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference signs in all figures. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIGS. 1 to 16  show an embodiment of a battery device designated as a whole as  100 . 
     The battery device  100  preferably comprises a plurality of battery modules  102 . 
     It can be favorable if the battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  are self-supporting. 
     Each battery module  102  preferably comprises a frame element  104 , a base element  106  and a plurality of battery cells  108 . 
     One or more, in particular all, battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  are preferably of identical design. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the frame elements  104  and/or the base elements  106  of all battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  are of identical design. 
     The frame elements  104  are preferably made of a plastic material, in particular injection molded. 
     Preferably, the frame elements  104  are injection-molded plastic components. 
     It can be favorable if the base elements  106  are made of a metallic material. 
     The base elements  106  of the battery modules  102  are preferably aluminum plates. In particular, it can be favorable if the base elements  106  of the battery modules comprise AlMgSi0.5 or are formed therefrom. 
     Heat can preferably be conducted away from the battery cells  108  of a respective battery module  102  by means of a metallic base element  106 . 
     The battery cells  108  are preferably galvanic cells, in particular what are referred to as secondary cells, which are preferably rechargeable. 
     It can be favorable if the battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  are arranged or can be arranged along a stacking direction  110 . 
     The battery modules  102  preferably comprise electrical contacting elements (not shown in the drawings), by means of which two adjacent battery modules  102  can be connected to one another in series by stacking the battery modules  102  along the stacking direction  110 . 
     It can be favorable if a respective battery module  102  of the battery device  100  comprises a detection device (not shown in the drawings) for detecting the cell voltages of the battery cells  108  of the battery module  102  and/or for detecting the temperatures of the battery cells  108  of the battery module  102 . 
     It can also be favorable if a respective battery module  102  of the battery device  100  comprises a balancer (not shown in the drawings) for balancing the battery cells  108  of the battery module  102 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that a respective battery module  102  comprises a first contacting element and a second contacting element, the first and the second contacting element being arranged in the stacking direction  110  on opposing sides of the battery module  102 . 
     The first contacting element and the second contacting element of a respective battery module  102  are preferably arranged in such a way that the first contacting element of a first battery module  102  of two adjacent battery modules  102  and the second contacting element of a second battery module  102  of two adjacent battery modules  102  make electrically conducting contact with one another. 
     Preferably, the base elements  106  have an average material thickness  109  parallel to the stacking direction  110  within the range of approximately 2 mm to approximately 6 mm, for example approximately 4 mm (cf.  FIGS. 11 and 12 ). 
     The battery device  100  can preferably be arranged in such a way that the stacking direction  110  of the battery modules  102  runs parallel to the direction of gravity G. The battery device  100  is in particular arranged “vertically” (cf.  FIG. 1 ). 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that the battery device  100  can be arranged in such a way that the stacking direction  110  of the battery modules  102  runs substantially perpendicular to the direction of gravity G. The battery device  100  is in particular arranged “horizontally.” 
     A battery module  102  preferably comprises at least approximately 50 battery cells  108 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that a battery module  102  comprises approximately 200 to approximately 600 battery cells  108 , for example approximately 400 battery cells  108 . 
     Preferably, the frame elements  104  of the battery modules  102  are closed in a ring shape. 
     The frame elements  104  of the battery modules  102  preferably comprise a wall  111  that is closed in a ring shape. The frame element  104  comprises, for example, a connecting web (not shown in the drawings) that is arranged between two opposing wall portions of the wall  111  of the frame element  104  and connects them to one another. 
     It can be favorable here if the frame element  104  and the base element  106  of a respective battery module  102  define an in particular pot-shaped receiving space  112  in which the battery cells  108  of the respective battery module  102  are received. 
     The receiving space  112  of a battery module  102  is preferably delimited by the frame element  104  and by the base element  106  of the battery module  102  as well as by the base element  106  of an adjacent battery module  102 . 
     The frame element  104  of a respective battery module  102  preferably surrounds all of the battery cells  108  of the battery module  102 , in particular in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction  110 . 
     The frame elements  104  of the battery modules  102  preferably form housing portions  114  of the battery device  100 . 
     The frame elements  104  of the battery modules  102  together form, in particular, an outer skin  116  of the battery device  100 . 
     It can be provided in particular that a surface of the wall  111  of the respective frame element  104  forms part of a surface of a housing  118  of the battery device  100 . 
     The frame elements  104  of the battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  are therefore preferably not delimited by an additional enclosure in a radial direction perpendicular to the stacking direction  110 . 
     The production costs of the battery device  100  can preferably be reduced by eliminating an additional enclosure. 
     It can be favorable if the surface of the wall  111  of the frame element  104  of a respective battery module  102  is coated, in particular vapor-deposited, with a metallic material. The electromagnetic compatibility of the battery device  100  can preferably be increased in this case. 
     In the embodiment of the battery device  100  illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 16 , a respective frame element  104  comprises, in particular, a double wall  120  that comprises an inner wall element  122  and an outer wall element  124 . 
     It can be favorable if the longitudinal axes  126  of the battery cells  108  of the battery modules  102  are arranged substantially parallel to the stacking direction  110  of the battery modules  102 . 
     By arranging the longitudinal axes  126  of the battery cells  108  of the battery modules  102  parallel to the stacking direction  110  of the battery modules  102 , an outer contour of the frame elements  104  of the battery modules  102  can preferably be optimally adapted to an available installation space, for example in a vehicle. 
     In particular, the available installation space, for example in a vehicle, can be optimally utilized. 
     It can be favorable in this case if the degree of filling of the receiving space  112  of the battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  can be increased by arranging the longitudinal axes  126  of the battery cells  108  parallel to the stacking direction  110  of the battery modules  102 . 
     An energy storage capacity of the battery modules  102  and in particular of the battery device  100  can preferably be increased by increasing the degree of filling. 
     In order to increase the degree of filling, it can be provided that the battery cells  108  are round cells. In this case, the battery cells  108  are in particular at least approximately rotationally symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis  126 . 
     By using round cells, the receiving space  112  of the battery modules  102  can preferably be filled at least approximately completely. 
     The inner wall element  112  and/or the outer wall element  124  of the double wall  120  are preferably closed in a ring shape. 
     By providing the outer wall element  124  and/or the inner wall element  122 , a closed casing can preferably be provided for the battery cells  108  of a respective battery module  102 , even if the outer wall element  124  fails, for example in the event of a crash. 
     The inner wall element  122  and/or the outer wall element  124  are preferably arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     Opposing wall portions of the inner wall element  122  and the outer wall element  124  are connected to one another in particular by means of a plurality of connecting webs  128  (cf.  FIGS. 3 and 5 ). 
     The connecting webs  128  preferably run parallel to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100 . 
     It can be favorable if the connecting webs  128  are arranged at regular distances from one another, for example. 
     A temperature control medium can preferably flow through the double wall  120  of the battery modules  102 , in particular parallel to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100 . Battery cells  108  of the battery modules  102  can preferably be temperature-controlled by passing a temperature control medium through the double wall  120 . 
     By providing the double wall  120 , through which a temperature control medium can flow, fire protection and/or improved propagation protection of the battery device  100  can preferably be implemented, in particular by wetting the outer wall element  124  and/or the inner wall element  122  with a temperature control medium. 
     By wetting the outer wall element  124  and/or the inner wall element  122  with a temperature control medium, burning off or melting of the frame element  104  can in particular be made more difficult, delayed and/or prevented. 
     By providing the double wall  120 , through which a temperature control medium can flow, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the battery device  100  can preferably also be increased, in particular if an electrically conductive temperature control medium is passed through the double wall  120 . 
     It can also be favorable if increased mechanical strength of the frame element  104  can be provided by means of the double wall  120 . 
     The double wall  120  of the frame element  104  preferably delimits a temperature control space  130  of the respective battery module  102 , preferably at least on two sides (cf.  FIG. 11 ). The temperature control space  130  is preferably closed in a ring shape. 
     The temperature control space  130  of a respective battery module  102  is preferably also delimited in the stacking direction  110  by the base element  106  of the battery module  102  and by a base element  106  of an adjacent battery module  102  (cf.  FIG. 1 ). 
     The base element  106  of a battery module  102  preferably comprises one or more passage openings  132  that open into the temperature control space  130  of the battery module  102 . 
     The passage openings  132  are circular, for example. 
     For the sake of clarity, only some of the passage openings  132  are identified with a reference sign in  FIGS. 3 and 5 . 
     With the exception of the passage openings  132 , the temperature control space  130  is preferably completely delimited by the inner wall element  122 , by the outer wall element  124 , by the base element  106  of the respective battery module  102  and by a base element  106  of an adjacent battery module  102 . 
     The temperature control space  130  of a respective battery module  102  preferably has a temperature control space contour in a cross section taken perpendicularly to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100 . 
     The temperature control spaces  130  of adjacent battery modules  102  are preferably fluidically connected to one another, in particular by means of the passage openings  132  in the base element  106  of the battery module  102 . 
     The passage openings  132  in particular form temperature control medium inlets and/or temperature control medium outlets, by means of which a temperature control medium can be introduced into and/or guided out of the temperature control space  130  of a respective battery module  102 . 
     A temperature control space  130  forms, in particular, a temperature control channel  135  of a temperature control device  137  of a respective battery module  102 . 
     It can be favorable if the passage openings  132  are arranged substantially along a line. The passage openings  132  are preferably arranged at regular distances from one another along the line. It can be provided in particular that the passage openings  132  of the base element  106  are arranged along a line that runs along the temperature control space contour of the temperature control space  130  of a respective battery module  102 . 
     Each battery module  102  of battery device  100  preferably comprises two sealing elements  134 . 
     By means of the sealing elements  134  of the battery modules  102 , a sealing effect in accordance with protection class IP 6K9K can be achieved, for example. 
     A first sealing element  134  is preferably arranged between the frame element  104  and the base element  106  of a battery module  102 . 
     It can be favorable if a second sealing element  134  is arranged between the frame element  104  and a base element  106  of an adjacent battery module  102 . 
     It can be favorable, for example, if a sealing element  134  is injection molded onto the frame element  104  when the frame element  104  is produced. 
     As an alternative or in addition to this, it is possible for one or more sealing elements  134  to be injection molded onto the base element  106  while a holding body, which is yet to be described, is injection molded onto the base element  106 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that a sealing element  134  is injection molded onto the base element  106  on opposing sides of the base element  106 . 
     As an alternative to this, it is conceivable that a sealing element  134  is produced independently of the frame element  104  and/or independently of the holding body that is yet to be described. A sealing element  134  produced independently of the frame element  104  and/or independently of the holding body is preferably placed in sealing element receiving grooves of the frame element  104 . 
     The sealing elements of a battery module  102  preferably comprise a first sealing portion  136  and a second sealing portion  138  (cf.  FIGS. 3, 5, 10 and 11 ). 
     The first sealing portion  136  and/or the second sealing portion  138  are preferably closed in a ring shape. 
     The first sealing portion  136  and the second sealing portion  138  of the sealing elements  134  preferably each comprise a sealing lip that, for the sake of clarity, is not identified by a reference sign in the figures. 
     The first sealing portion  136  and the second sealing portion  138  are connected to one another, for example, by means of one or more web elements  140  (cf.  FIGS. 5, 10 and 12 ). 
     The sealing elements  134  are preferably designed in one piece. 
     It can be favorable if a sealing portion  136 ,  138  of a sealing element  134  is arranged radially inside the line along which the passage openings  132  are arranged and radially outside of the line along which the passage openings  132  are arranged. 
     The sealing portions  136 ,  138  of the sealing elements  134  are preferably closed in a ring shape and in particular run substantially parallel to the line along which the passage openings  132  are arranged. 
     Each battery module  102  of the battery device  100  preferably comprises one or more spacer elements  142 , by means of which the base elements  106  of the battery modules  102  are arranged or can be arranged substantially parallel to one another (cf.  FIGS. 14 and 15 ). 
     It can be favorable if the spacer elements  142  of a battery module  102  are designed to be pressure-stable. 
     The spacer elements  142  of a battery module  102  preferably have a higher pressure stability than the frame element  104  of the battery module  102 , in particular in a direction parallel to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100 . 
     The spacer elements  142  preferably comprise or are formed from a metallic material. 
     The spacer elements  142  are used in particular in the frame element  104  of a respective battery module  102 . 
     The frame element  104  of a respective battery module  102  preferably comprises a plurality of receptacles  144 , a spacer element  142  preferably being arranged in each receptacle  144  (cf.  FIG. 12 ). 
     It can be favorable if the spacer elements  142  are of a substantially cylindrical design. 
     The spacer elements  142  of a respective battery module  100  are preferably arranged outside of the double wall  120  of the frame element  104  of a battery module  102  in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100 . 
     It can be favorable if the spacer elements  142  of two adjacent battery modules  102  are aligned in the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100  (cf.  FIGS. 14 and 15 ). 
     The spacer elements  142  preferably each comprise two contact surfaces  146  arranged on opposing sides of the spacer element  142  (cf.  FIGS. 5, 10 and 12 ). 
     A respective spacer element  142  preferably contacts the base element  106  of the respective battery module  102  with a first contact surface  146  and contacts the base element  106  of an adjacent battery module  102  with a second contact surface  146  or can contact said base element. 
     A force can preferably be introduced from the spacer elements  142  into the base elements  106 , in particular parallel to the stacking direction  110 . 
     In particular, a compressive force can be transferred from the spacer elements  142  to the base elements  106  contacting the contact surfaces  146  of the spacer elements  142 . 
     It can be favorable if the two contact surfaces  146  of a spacer element  142  are at a distance  148  from one another, which distance substantially corresponds to a height  150  of the wall  111 , in particular the double wall  120 , of the frame element  104  of a battery module  102  taken parallel to the stacking direction  110  (cf.  FIG. 12 ). 
     The frame elements  104  of the battery modules  102 , which comprise or are formed from a plastic material, can preferably be prevented from being compressed due to a clamping force acting on the battery modules  102  parallel to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100 . 
     The spacer elements  142  of a respective battery module  102  are preferably bolt elements  152  or sleeve elements  154 . 
     Spacer elements  142  designed as sleeve elements  154  are preferably designed as hollow cylinders. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the spacer elements  142  of a respective battery module  102  are substantially circular or annular in a cross section taken perpendicularly to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100 . 
     The spacer elements  142  are in particular rotationally symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal axis thereof. 
     The spacer elements  142  comprise, for example, a spacer portion  156  in which the spacer elements  142  are in particular cylindrical, for example circular-cylindrical. 
     The spacer portion  156  preferably runs between the contact surfaces  146  of a spacer element  142 . 
     It can also be favorable if the spacer elements  142  also comprise an insertion portion  158  in which the spacer elements  142  are in particular cylindrical, for example circular-cylindrical. 
     The insertion portion  158  of a spacer element  142  can preferably be inserted into the spacer portion  156  of a spacer element  142  that is adjacent to the battery device  100  in the stacking direction  110 . 
     In the embodiment of the battery device  100  illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 15 , the battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  are clamped together, for example by means of the spacer elements  142 . 
     The spacer elements  142  preferably each comprise screw elements  160 , it being possible to screw together spacer elements  142  that are adjacent in the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100  (cf.  FIG. 12 ). 
     For example, it is conceivable that the insertion portion  158  of a spacer element  142  comprises an external thread and/or that the spacer portion  156  of a spacer element  142  comprises an internal thread. 
     It can be favorable if two adjacent battery modules  102  are clamped and/or screwed together. 
     As an alternative to this, it is conceivable that the battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  are clamped by means of clamping elements  162  that are guided through the spacer elements  142  and illustrated using dashed lines in  FIGS. 1 and 12 . 
     The clamping elements  162  of the battery device  100  are preferably guided through spacer elements  142  designed as sleeve elements  154 . 
     In this case, it can be provided that the battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  are clamped or can be clamped between two end bodies  164  by means of the clamping elements  162 . 
     The two end bodies  164 , for example, comprise or are formed from a metallic material, in particular steel or aluminum. 
     It can be favorable if the two end bodies  164  comprise fastening elements (not shown in the drawings) by means of which the battery device  100  can be fixed to a supporting structure, for example to a supporting structure of a vehicle. It can therefore be favorable if the battery device  100  can only be fixed to a supporting structure by means of the end bodies  164 . 
     As an alternative or in addition to this, it is conceivable that the battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  also in each case comprise one or more further fastening elements, by means of which the battery device  100  can be fixed to a supporting structure. 
     By clamping the battery modules  102 , preferably substantially no force is exerted on battery cells  108  of battery modules  102 , in particular parallel to stacking direction  110  and/or parallel to a longitudinal axis  126  of battery cells  108  of a respective battery module  102 . 
     It can be favorable if the clamping elements  162  are what are referred to as tie rods. 
     The clamping elements  162 , for example, comprise or are formed from a metallic material, in particular steel or aluminum. 
     Tie rods designed as clamping elements  162  each comprise, for example, a metallic rod having a thread that is not illustrated in the figures. 
     The bar is preferably arranged parallel to the stacking direction  110  for clamping the battery modules  102 . 
     For example, to clamp the battery modules  102  between the two end bodies  164 , a screw element  166 , in particular a nut element, is screwed onto a respective clamping element  162 . 
     In this case, it can be favorable if the battery modules  102  are clamped in the stacking direction  110  with a clamping force corresponding to a tension of at most approximately 30%, for example at most approximately 50%, of an upper yield point of a material of the clamping elements  162 . 
     The battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  are preferably pressed together before being clamped, in particular in the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100 . 
     It can be favorable here if sealing elements  134  of the battery modules  102  are deformed, in particular compressed, between a frame element  104  and a base element  106  during the pressing of the battery modules  102 . 
     The frame elements  104  of the battery modules  102  preferably comprise one or more stacking projections  168  projecting away from the frame element  104  parallel to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100  (cf.  FIGS. 11 to 13 ). 
     It can also be favorable if the frame elements  104  of the battery modules  102  comprise one or more stacking recesses  170 , in each of which a stacking projection  168  of a frame element  104  of an adjacent battery module  102  can be received. 
     The stacking projections  168  and the stacking recesses  170  of a respective frame element  104  are preferably arranged on opposing sides of the frame element  104  (cf.  FIGS. 9 and 10 ). 
     Stacking of the battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  in the stacking direction  110  can preferably be facilitated by means of the stacking projections  168  and/or by means of the stacking recesses  170 . 
     It can also be favorable if the frame element  104  of a respective battery module  102  is connected or can be connected, for example clipped, to the base element  106  of the battery module  102  in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner. 
     The frame element  104  of a respective battery module  102  preferably comprises one or more latching projections  172 . 
     The base element  106  of a respective battery module  102  preferably also comprises one or more latching recesses  174 , into which the latching projections  172  of the frame element  104  can be inserted (cf.  FIGS. 7 to 12 ). 
     The latching projections  172  of a frame element  104  preferably each comprise two latching elements  176 . A latching element  176  of a latching projection  172  preferably in each case comprises a latching hook. For the sake of clarity, the latching hooks are not identified with a reference sign in the figures. 
     In  FIGS. 7 to 12 , the latching projections  172  and the latching recesses  174  are arranged radially inside a frame element  104  of a respective battery module  102 . 
     As an alternative to this, it is conceivable that the latching projections  172  are arranged radially outside the wall  111 , in particular radially outside the double wall  120 , of the frame element  104  of a respective battery module  102 . 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the part of the base element  106  of the respective battery module  102  that delimits the receiving space  112  of a respective battery module  102  has no latching recesses  174  and thus in particular no passage openings. 
     For example, at least partial filling of the receiving space  112  with casting compound and/or fixing of the battery cells  108  on the base element  106  by means of casting compound can be facilitated. 
     The latching hooks of the two latching elements  176  of a latching projection  172  preferably engage behind the base element  106  of a respective battery module  102  when the frame element  104  is connected, in particular clipped, to the base element  106  in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner. 
     The frame elements  104  preferably also comprise a stiffening structure  178 , for example a stiffening rib structure  180 , on a circumferential surface. 
     The stiffness of a frame element  104 , for example an injection-molded frame element, can preferably be increased by means of the stiffening structure  178 . 
     The stiffening rib structure  178  of the frame elements preferably comprises a plurality of rib elements  182 . 
     The base elements  106  of the battery modules  102 , which preferably comprise or are formed from a metallic material, preferably form part of an outer surface  184  of the battery device  100  (cf.  FIGS. 1 and 11 ), in particular in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100 . 
     The base elements  106  form, in particular, a part of the outer surface  184  of the battery device  100  that is closed in a ring shape. In particular, the base elements  106  of the battery modules  102  each form surface portions closed in a ring shape of the outer surface  184  of the battery device  100 . 
     The surface portions closed in a ring shape and formed by the base elements  106  of the battery modules  102  are preferably separated from one another in the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100  by the frame elements  104  of the battery modules  102 . 
     If the base elements  106  of the battery modules  102  extend as far as the outer surface  184  of the battery device  100 , heat can preferably be dissipated to the outer surface  184  of the battery device  100  by means of the base elements  106 . 
     The battery cells  108  of a respective battery module  102  are preferably thermally coupled to the base element  106  of the battery module  102 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that the battery cells  108  of a respective battery module  102  are thermally coupled to the base element  106  of the battery module  102  by means of a thermally conductive paste and/or by means of a casting compound. 
     The battery cells  108  of a respective battery module  102  are preferably fixed to the base element  106  of the battery module  102 . 
     In particular, the battery cells  108  and the base element  106  are not in direct material contact. 
     In particular, passive temperature control of the battery device  100  can be implemented by means of the base elements  106 . 
     In particular, because the base elements  106  form part of the outer surface  184  of the battery device  100 , heat can be dissipated to the outer surface  184  of the battery device  100  by means of the base elements  106 . 
     In particular, the battery cells  108  of a respective battery module  102  can be cooled by means of the base elements  106 . 
     It can be favorable if the base elements  106  have a thermal conductivity of at least approximately 100 W/m*K, for example at least approximately 150 W/m*K. 
     If the base elements  106  comprise or are formed from aluminum, in particular AlMgSi0.5, they preferably have a thermal conductivity of approximately 186 W/m*K. 
     In one embodiment of the battery device  100  (not shown in the drawings), it is conceivable for the base elements  106  of the battery modules  102  to protrude beyond the frame elements  104  of the battery modules  102  at least in portions, for example closed in a ring shape, perpendicular to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100 . 
     It can be provided that the battery device  100  comprises a heat sink and/or a temperature control element, which are thermally coupled to one or more, preferably to all, base elements  106  of the battery device  100 . 
     The heat sink preferably comprises one or more cooling fins. 
     The heat sink and/or the temperature control element are in particular arranged on the outer surface  184  of the battery device  100 . 
     The heat sink is preferably in direct material contact with one or more, preferably with all, base elements  106  of the battery device  100 , in particular on the part of the outer surface  184  of the battery device  100  that is formed by the respective base elements  106  of the battery modules  102 . 
     It can also be favorable if the base elements  106  comprise one or more temperature control channels, for example a temperature control channel structure (not shown in the drawings). 
     A temperature control channel, in particular a temperature control channel structure, of the base elements  106  can preferably be flowed through by means of a temperature control medium. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the base elements  106  are of multi-layer design and delimit a temperature control channel, in particular a temperature control channel structure. 
     A temperature control channel structure of the base elements  106  is produced, for example, by means of roll bonding. 
     It can be favorable if active temperature control of the battery device  100  can be implemented by means of the base elements  106  by providing a temperature control channel in the base elements  106 . 
     The battery modules  102  preferably also comprise a holding body  186  for holding the battery cells  108  of the respective battery module  102 . 
     The holding bodies  186  are preferably connected, in particular integrally, to the base element  106  of a respective battery module  102 . 
     The holding bodies  186  are in particular designed in one piece. 
     Preferably, the holding bodies  186  comprise or are formed from a plastic material. 
     The holding bodies  186  are in particular injection-molded components, in particular one-piece injection-molded components. 
     The holding body  186  preferably comprises a plurality of receiving openings  188 , in each of which a battery cell  108  of the battery module  102  is received. 
     For reasons of clarity, only some of the receiving openings  188  are identified with a reference sign in  FIGS. 3 and 5 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that the holding body  186  comprises approximately 200 to approximately 600 receiving openings  188 , for example approximately 400 receiving openings  188 . 
     A number of receiving openings  188  in the holding body preferably substantially corresponds to a number of battery cells  108  in a battery module  102 . 
     The holding bodies  186  of the battery modules  102  preferably comprise a honeycomb structure  190  or are formed by a honeycomb structure  190 . 
     The honeycomb structure  190  of the holding bodies  186  preferably comprises a plurality of holding elements  192 , in particular polygonal holding elements, that delimit the receiving openings  188 . 
     The holding elements  192  are, for example, regular hexagons. 
     The holding elements  192  are preferably each arranged adjacent to a plurality of further holding elements  192 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that holding elements  192  of the honeycomb structure  190  are each arranged adjacent to six further holding elements  192 . 
     The receiving openings  188  of a holding element  192  are preferably delimited by a plurality of holding element webs  194 , for example by six holding element webs  194 . 
     A plurality of holding element webs  194  of adjacent retaining elements  192  are preferably connected to one another at a node  196 . 
     In particular, it can be favorable if three holding element webs  194  of three adjacent holding elements  192  are connected to one another at the node  196 . 
     The holding bodies  186  are preferably each injection molded onto the base element  106  of a battery module  102 . 
     It can be favorable here if the holding bodies  186  comprise connection regions  198  arranged at a plurality of nodes  196 , at which nodes the holding bodies  186  are each connected, for example integrally, to the base element  106 . 
     The holding bodies  186  are preferably injection molded onto the base elements  106  in the connection regions  198 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that a connection region  198  is arranged at approximately 50% of the nodes  196  of the holding body  186 . 
     As an alternative to the holding body  186  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 6 and 11 to 15 , a respective battery module  102  can comprise a holding body  186 , shown only using dashed lines in  FIG. 11 , to hold the battery cells  108 . 
     The battery cells  108  of a respective battery module  102  are preferably integrally connected to the base element  106  of the battery module  102  by means of a casting compound  199 . 
     The casting compound  199  comprises, for example, polyurethane, silicone and/or an epoxy resin. 
     The battery cells  108  are in particular embedded in the casting compound  199 . 
     The casting compound  199  in particular forms the holding body  186  shown using dashed lines in  FIG. 11 . 
     It can be favorable if the battery cells  108  are embedded in the casting compound  199  in part or in full. 
     For example, it is conceivable that at least approximately 30%, for example at least approximately 50%, of a respective battery cell  108  is embedded in a casting compound  199  based on a length of said battery cell measured parallel to a longitudinal axis  126  of the battery cell  108 . 
     The battery cells  108  of a respective battery module  102  are preferably thermally coupled to and/or electrically insulated from the base element  106  by means of the casting compound  199 . 
     It can be favorable if the battery cells  108  are arranged at a distance from the base element  106  within the range of approximately 0.2 mm to approximately 1.5 mm, preferably within the range of approximately 0.3 mm to approximately 1 mm, by means of the casting compound  199 . 
     The two sealing elements  134  of a respective battery module  102  are preferably connected, in particular integrally, to the base element  106  of the battery module  102 . 
     The sealing elements  134  are preferably each injection molded onto the base element  106 . 
     The two sealing elements  134  of a battery module  102  are preferably injection molded onto the base element  106  on two opposing sides of the base element  106 . 
     The base elements  106  are preferably hybrid components, in particular metal-elastomer hybrid components. 
     Preferably, one, a plurality of or all of the battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  each comprise a degassing element (not shown in the drawings) for degassing the receiving space  112  of the respective battery module  102 . 
     In particular, it can be favorable if each individual battery module  102  comprises a degassing element. 
     The degassing element of a respective battery module  102  is preferably arranged on the frame element  104  of the battery module  102 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that the degassing element comprises or is formed by a bursting element and/or a pressure equalization element. 
     If all battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  each comprise a degassing element, a particularly short degassing path can preferably be implemented, such that hot gases can be routed as directly as possible into an area surrounding the battery device  100 . 
     A propagation of a thermal runaway of battery cells  108  of a battery module  102  to further battery cells  108  of said battery module  102  and/or to battery cells  108  of adjacent battery modules  102  can preferably be prevented. 
     It can also be favorable if the battery modules  102  of the battery device  100  each comprise a propagation protection element (not shown in the drawings). 
     The propagation protection elements of a respective battery module  102  preferably comprise a heat-resistant and/or thermally insulating material, for example mineral wool fleece and/or glass fiber fleece. 
     The propagation protection elements are, for example, connected, for example bonded, to the base elements  106  of the battery modules. 
     It can be favorable if a propagation protection element of a battery module  102  is arranged on a side of the base element  106  that faces away from the receiving space  112  of the battery module  102 . 
     The propagation protection element of a battery module  102  preferably delimits the receiving space  112  of an adjacent battery module  102 . 
     By providing a propagation protection element, a propagation of a thermal runaway of battery cells  108  of a battery module  102  to battery cells  108  of an adjacent battery module  102  can preferably be prevented. 
     The battery device  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 16  also comprises, for example, one or more temperature control elements  200 , which are each arranged between two adjacent battery modules  102 . 
     Such a temperature control element  200  is shown in  FIG. 16 , for example. 
     The temperature control elements  200  preferably have a cross section taken perpendicularly to stacking direction  110  of battery device  100 , which cross section substantially corresponds to a cross section of a receiving space  112  of battery modules  102  of battery device  100  taken perpendicularly to stacking direction  110  of battery device  100 . 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the temperature control elements  200  comprise or are formed by electrical resistance heating elements. 
     A temperature control element  200 , which comprises or is formed by an electrical resistance heating element, preferably forms a propagation protection element. 
     A temperature control element  200 , which comprises or is formed by an electrical resistance heating element, preferably comprises a heat-resistant material. 
     Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the temperature control elements  200 , each of which is arranged between two adjacent battery modules  102 , comprise one or more temperature control channels through which a temperature control medium, for example a cooling or heating liquid, can be conveyed. 
     It can be favorable if the temperature control elements  200  are produced by means of a roll-bonding process. 
     The temperature control elements  200  preferably each comprise two or more than two temperature control zones  202  in which different temperatures can be adjusted. 
     In particular, the temperature control elements  200  in the temperature control zones  202  have different heat outputs. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the temperature control elements  202  comprise a radially inner temperature control zone  204  and a radially outer temperature control zone  206 . 
     The radially outer temperature control zone  206  preferably surrounds the radially inner temperature control zone  204 . 
     It can be favorable if the temperature control elements  200  in the radially outer temperature control zone  206  have a higher heat output per unit area than in the radially inner temperature control zone  204 . 
     Preferably, selective heating of individual groups of battery cells  108  can be made possible by providing a temperature control element  200  having a plurality of temperature control zones  204 . In particular, the temperatures of the battery cells  108  of a battery module  102  can be equalized. 
     By equalizing the temperatures of the battery cells  108  of a battery module  102 , a higher maximum charging current and thus in particular a reduction in charging time can preferably be achieved. 
     In particular, a more uniform discharge of the battery cells  108  of a battery module  102  can also be implemented. 
     An embodiment of a battery device  100  shown in  FIG. 17  differs from the embodiment of a battery device  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 16  substantially in that the frame element  104  and the base element  106  are made of a metallic material. 
     Frame element  104  preferably forms a spacer element  142 . 
     It can be favorable if the frame element  104  and/or the base element  106  are produced in one piece from a metallic material, for example aluminum. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the frame element  104  and the base element  106  are a one-piece die-cast aluminum part. 
     As an alternative to this, it is conceivable that one base element  106  is integrally connected to a frame element  104 , in particular welded, for example by means of friction stir welding. 
     By integrally connecting the base element  106  and the frame element  104 , thermal and/or mechanical coupling of the base element  106  and the frame element  104  can preferably be implemented. 
     In particular, metallic thermal conduction from the base element  106  into the frame element  104  can be implemented. 
     The frame element  104  preferably comprises one or more heat-conducting elements  208 , in particular one or more cooling fins  210 , which are arranged in particular on the outer surface  184  of the frame element  104 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that the cooling fins  210  are arranged parallel to the stacking direction  110 . 
     In particular, the temperature control device  137  comprises the one or more heat-conducting elements  208 , in particular the cooling fins  210 . 
     The outer surface  184  of the frame element  104  can preferably be enlarged by means of the heat-conducting elements  208 , in particular by means of the cooling fins  210 . 
     A ratio of the outer surface  184  of the frame element  104  to an inner surface of the frame element  104  is preferably at least approximately 1.3:1, preferably at least approximately 1.5:1. 
     It can also be favorable if, in addition to the heat-conducting elements  208 , the temperature control device  137  comprises a blower (not shown in the drawings) by means of which the heat-conducting elements  208  can be blown on to dissipate heat from them. 
     As an alternative or in addition to this, it is conceivable that the heat-conducting elements  208  can be blown on by the relative wind when a vehicle is moving in order to dissipate heat therefrom. 
     Otherwise, the embodiment of a battery device  100  shown in  FIG. 17  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the embodiment of a battery device  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 16 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     An embodiment of a battery device  100  shown in  FIGS. 18 and 19  differs from the embodiment of a battery device  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 16  substantially in that one or both end bodies  164  of the battery device  100  comprise a distributor structure  201  for distributing a temperature control medium in the temperature control channels  135  of the battery modules  102 . 
     It can be favorable if the temperature control medium can be conveyed by means of the distributor structure  201  into the double wall  120 , in particular into the temperature control space  130  of a battery module  102 , which is arranged adjacent to an end body  164 . 
     The end bodies  164  comprise, for example, a cover element  203  and an edge element  205 , which is closed in particular in a ring shape. 
     The edge element  205  preferably projects beyond the cover element  203  parallel to the stacking direction  110  and has a mechanically stabilizing effect, for example. 
     In the embodiment of a battery device  100  illustrated in  FIGS. 18 and 19 , individual connecting webs  128   a  have a height parallel to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100  that substantially corresponds to the height of the frame element  106  of a battery module  102 . 
     Due to the connecting webs  128   a , temperature control chambers  207  are formed in the double wall  120 , in particular in the temperature control space  130  of the battery modules  102 , which temperature control chambers are in particular fluidically separated from one another. 
     It can be favorable if the web elements  140  of a sealing element  134  contact the connecting webs  128   a.    
     The temperature control chambers  207  can preferably be sealed by means of the sealing element  134 , in particular by means of the web elements  140  of the sealing element  134 . 
     Connecting webs  128   b  arranged within a respective temperature control chamber  207  preferably do not completely fluidically separate the respective temperature control chamber  207 . 
     For example, it is possible for the connecting webs  128   b  arranged within a respective temperature control chamber  207  to have a height parallel to the stacking direction  110  of the battery device  100  that is smaller than the height of the frame element  106  of a battery module  102 . 
     In order to be able to conduct a temperature control medium into the temperature control chambers  207  of the double wall  120  of the frame element  106 , one or both end bodies  164  comprise, in particular, a plurality of distributor channels  209  of the distributor structure  201 . 
     In this case, the distributor channels  209  comprise, for example, inlet channels  209   a  and/or return channels  209   b.    
     It can be favorable if a respective distributor channel  209  comprises a deflection (not shown in the drawings) and is arranged in the edge element  205 . 
     The temperature control medium can preferably be deflected by approximately 90° by means of the deflection. 
     The distributor channels  209 , in particular the inlet channels  209   a  and/or the return channels  209   b , each preferably open out at a distributor opening  211  on an end face of the edge element  165  that is arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction  110 . 
     It can be favorable, for example, if three distributor openings  211  each are directed into one temperature control chamber  207  in each case. 
     It is in particular conceivable that only distributor openings  211  of inlet channels  209   a  and/or only distributor openings  211  of return channels  209   b  are directed into a temperature control chamber  207 . 
     In particular, it can be favorable if only distributor openings  211  of inlet channels  209   a  and/or only distributor openings  211  of return channels  209   b  are alternately directed into adjacent temperature control chambers  207 . 
     Preferably, an at least approximately constant temperature of the frame element  106  can be adjusted. 
     Otherwise, the embodiment of a battery device  100  shown in  FIGS. 18 and 19  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the embodiment of a battery device  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 16 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
       FIGS. 20 to 22  show various method steps of an embodiment of a method for fixing battery cells  108 . 
     In the method, the battery cells  108 , in particular round cells, are fixed in a layer element  212 , in particular by means of plastic deformation of the layer element  212 . 
     The layer element  212  is, for example, a thermoformable layer element  212 . 
     The layer element  212  preferably comprises or is formed from a plastic material. 
     The layer element  212  in particular comprises or is formed from an electrically insulating material. 
     For example, it can be favorable if the layer element  212  comprises or is formed from a polyolefin, for example polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). 
     The layer element  212  preferably comprises a low-density polyethylene (LDPE). 
     The layer element  212  is, for example, a shrink film. 
     It is also conceivable, for example, for the layer element to comprise or be formed from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC). 
     Before they are fixed in the layer element  212 , the battery cells  108  are preferably aligned relative to one another, in particular by means of a mold  214 . 
     In particular, the mold  214  comprises a first mold half  216  having a negative mold, in which the battery cells  108  can be received at least in part. 
     In particular, the first mold half  216  has a negative mold of the predetermined pattern. 
     The mold  214  preferably comprises a second mold half  218  having a negative mold, in which the battery cells  108  can be received at least in part. 
     The first and second mold halves  216 ,  218  are preferably movable relative to one another. 
     The first mold half  216  is in particular a die element  220 . 
     In particular, the first mold half  216  forms a shaping element  222 . 
     The first mold half  216  preferably comprises a plurality of positioning openings  224 , in each of which a battery cell  108  can be received for aligning the battery cells  108 . 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the first mold half  216  comprises a plurality of lines and a plurality of rows of positioning openings  224 , a line and/or a row in each case comprising a plurality of positioning openings  224 . 
     The second mold half  218  preferably also has a negative mold of the predetermined pattern. 
     The second mold half  218  preferably also comprises a plurality of positioning openings  224 , in each of which a battery cell  108  can be received for aligning the battery cells  108 . 
     It can be favorable if the positioning openings  224  of the first mold half  216  and/or the second mold half  218  are each substantially cylindrical, in particular substantially circular-cylindrical. 
     An inside diameter  226  of the positioning openings  224  in the first mold half  216  is preferably larger than an outside diameter  228  of the battery cells  108 . 
     It can be favorable, for example, if an inside diameter  226  of the positioning openings  224  in the first mold half  216  is substantially the same size or smaller than the sum of the outside diameter  228  of the battery cells  108  and twice the material thickness  230  of the layer element  212 . 
     It can also be favorable if an inside diameter  232  of the positioning openings in the second mold half substantially corresponds to the outside diameter  228  of the battery cells  108 . 
     The battery cells  108  are preferably arranged in the positioning openings  224  of the first mold half  216 . 
     It can be favorable if a positioning device (not shown in the drawings) is used, for example an industrial robot. 
     The battery cells  108  are preferably arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns in the predetermined pattern. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the battery cells  108  are each at an identical first distance from one another in a row direction of the predetermined pattern. 
     It can also be favorable if the battery cells  108  are each at an identical second distance from one another in a column direction of the predetermined pattern. 
     In this case, it can be provided that the first distance in the row direction is smaller or larger than the second distance in the column direction. 
     The layer element  212  is preferably deformed by positioning the layer element  212  between the battery cells  108  and the first mold half  216  and then arranging the battery cells  108  in the positioning openings  224  of the first mold half  216 . 
     The layer element  212  and a respective battery cell  108  are preferably clamped within the positioning openings  224  of the first mold half  216  and deformed in the process. 
     The layer element  212  is in particular clamped between a positioning opening wall  234  and a battery cell  108  in each case. 
     Before the battery cells  108  are fixed in the layer element  212 , they are preferably initially aligned parallel to one another and/or in the predetermined pattern by means of the mold  214  (cf.  FIG. 21 ). 
     The battery cells  108  are arranged in particular in such a way that the longitudinal axes  126  of the battery cells  108  are arranged parallel to one another. 
     After the parallel alignment and/or after the alignment in a predetermined pattern, one or more battery cells  108  are preferably moved parallel to the longitudinal axes  126  of the battery cells  108  (cf.  FIG. 22 ). 
     In this case, the battery cells  108  are preferably moved against a stop  236  that is preferably arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axes  126  of the battery cells  108 . 
     The battery cells  108  are preferably moved against the stop  236  in such a way that the base surfaces  238  of all the battery cells  108  are arranged in a single plane after the movement. 
     It can be favorable if the first mold half  216  and the second mold half  218  are moved toward one another in order to arrange the base surfaces  238  of the battery cells  108  in one plane. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the positioning openings  224  in the first mold half  216  and/or the positioning openings  224  in the second mold half  218  comprise or form a stop  236 . 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that the second mold half  218  comprises a stop  236  and that the first mold half  216  comprises a movement device (not shown in the drawings) for moving one or more battery cells  108 , by means of which movement device the battery cells can be moved against the stop  236  of the second mold half  218 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that the movement device comprises one or more pistons that can be displaced in positioning openings  224  in the first mold half  216 . 
     As an alternative to this, it is conceivable that the movement device comprises one or more nozzle elements that open into the positioning openings  224  of the first mold half  216 . 
     The layer element  212  and/or the battery cell  108  arranged in a respective positioning opening  224  are preferably moved by pressurizing a pressure chamber  240  delimited by the layer element  212  and the positioning opening  224 . 
     In particular, the layer element  212  and the battery cell  108  arranged in a respective positioning opening  224  of the first mold half  216  are moved in the positioning opening  224 . 
     The battery cells  108  are preferably fixed in the layer element  212  by heating the layer element  212  and/or by subsequently cooling the layer element  212 . 
     The layer element  212  is preferably shrunk onto the battery cells  108 . 
     The layer element  212  is in particular only shrunk onto a partial region of the battery cells  108 . 
     The battery cells  108  are preferably not completely surrounded by the layer element  212 . 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the layer element  212  is only shrunk onto the first side of the battery cells  108  in the direction of the longitudinal axes  126  of the battery cells  108 . 
     For example, it can be provided that the layer element  212  is shrunk onto the battery cells  108  over at most approximately 50% of a length  242  of a respective battery cell  108 . 
     The layer element  212  is in each case preferably shrunk onto the battery cells  108  over at least approximately 10%, in particular at least approximately 20%, for example at least approximately 30%, of the length  242  of a respective battery cell  108 . 
     After the battery cells  108  have been fixed, the layer element  212  preferably rests on the battery cells  108  in a pot-shaped manner. 
     In particular, it can be provided that the layer element  212  rests to an extent of at most approximately 50% against a lateral surface  244  of a respective battery cell  108 . 
     The layer element  212  preferably rests to an extent of at least approximately 10%, for example to an extent of at least approximately 20%, preferably to an extent of at least approximately 30%, against a lateral surface  244  of a respective battery cell  108 . 
     It can also be favorable if the layer element rests completely against the base surface  238  of a respective battery cell  108  after the battery cells  108  have been fixed in place. 
     The cooled layer element  212  is preferably substantially rigid. 
     The plastically deformed layer element  212  preferably forms a holding body  186  of a battery module  102  (cf.  FIGS. 23 to 25 ). 
       FIGS. 24 and 25  show a base element  106  of a battery module  102 , the layer element  212  and the battery cells  108  fixed in the layer element  212  being fixed to the base element  106  of the battery module  102 . 
     The layer element  212  is preferably integrally connected to the base element  106 , in particular by means of a thermally conductive paste  246  (cf.  FIG. 25 ). 
     The following are particular embodiments: 
     Embodiment 1 
     A battery device ( 100 ), the battery device ( 100 ) comprising one or more battery modules ( 102 ), 
     a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprising: 
     a frame element ( 104 ); 
     a base element ( 106 ); and 
     a plurality of battery cells ( 108 ). 
     Embodiment 2 
     The battery device ( 100 ) according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the battery modules ( 102 ) are arranged or arrangeable along a stacking direction ( 110 ). 
     Embodiment 3 
     The battery device according to embodiment 2, characterized in that the frame elements ( 104 ) of the respective battery modules ( 102 ) form housing portions of the battery device ( 100 ). 
     Embodiment 4 
     The battery device according to embodiment 2 or 3, characterized in that the longitudinal axes ( 126 ) of the battery cells ( 108 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) are arranged substantially parallel to the stacking direction ( 110 ) of the battery modules ( 102 ). 
     Embodiment 5 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 4, characterized in that the battery cells ( 108 ) are round cells. 
     Embodiment 6 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 5, characterized in that the battery device ( 100 ) comprises two end bodies ( 164 ), the battery modules ( 102 ) of the battery device ( 100 ) preferably being arranged between the two end bodies ( 164 ). 
     Embodiment 7 
     The battery device according to embodiment 6, characterized in that the two end bodies ( 164 ) comprise fastening elements, by means of which the battery device ( 100 ) can be fixed to a supporting structure, for example to a supporting structure of a vehicle. 
     Embodiment 8 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 7, characterized in that the battery modules ( 102 ) of the battery device ( 100 ) are clamped or can be clamped together. 
     Embodiment 9 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 8, characterized in that a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises a sealing element ( 134 ). 
     Embodiment 10 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 9, characterized in that the battery cells ( 108 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) are fixed to the base element ( 106 ) of the battery module ( 102 ). 
     Embodiment 11 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 10, characterized in that the frame element ( 104 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises or forms a temperature control device ( 137 ). 
     Embodiment 12 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 11, characterized in that one, a plurality of or all battery modules ( 102 ) of the battery device ( 100 ) each have a degassing element for degassing a receiving space ( 112 ) of the respective battery module ( 102 ). 
     Embodiment 13 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 12, characterized in that all battery modules ( 102 ) of the battery device ( 100 ) or more than 50% of the battery modules ( 102 ) of the battery device ( 100 ) are of identical design. 
     Embodiment 14 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 13, characterized in that a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises a propagation protection element. 
     Embodiment 15 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 14, characterized in that the battery device ( 100 ) comprises one or more temperature control elements ( 200 ), which are each arranged between two adjacent battery modules ( 102 ). 
     Embodiment 16 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 15, characterized in that the frame element ( 104 ) and/or the base element ( 106 ) are produced in particular in one piece from a metallic material, for example aluminum. 
     Embodiment 17 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 16, characterized in that the frame element ( 104 ) is made of a plastic material and/or in that the base element ( 106 ) is made of a metallic material. 
     Embodiment 18 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 17, characterized in that a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises electrical contacting elements, by means of which two adjacent battery modules ( 102 ) can be connected to one another in series by stacking the battery modules ( 102 ) along the stacking direction ( 110 ). 
     Embodiment 19 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 18, characterized in that a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises one or more spacer elements ( 142 ), by means of which the base elements ( 106 ) of the battery modules ( 102 ) are arranged or can be arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     Embodiment 20 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 2 to 19, characterized in that a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises a detection device for detecting the cell voltages of the battery cells ( 108 ) of the battery module ( 102 ) and/or for detecting the temperatures of the battery cells ( 108 ) of the battery module ( 102 ) and/or in that a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises a balancer for balancing the battery cells ( 108 ) of the battery module ( 102 ). 
     Embodiment 21 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 1 to 20, characterized in that the frame element ( 104 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises or is formed from a plastic material. 
     Embodiment 22 
     The battery device according to embodiment 21, characterized in that the frame element ( 104 ) is an injection-molded component, in particular a plastic injection-molded component. 
     Embodiment 23 
     The battery device according to embodiment 21 or 22, characterized in that the frame element ( 104 ) comprises a double wall ( 120 ), in particular a double wall ( 120 ) closed in a ring shape. 
     Embodiment 24 
     The battery device according to embodiment 23, characterized in that a temperature control medium can flow through the double wall ( 120 ) of the frame element ( 104 ), in particular parallel to a stacking direction ( 110 ) of the battery device ( 100 ). 
     Embodiment 25 
     The battery device according to embodiment 23 or 24, characterized in that the double wall ( 120 ) of the frame element ( 104 ) delimits a temperature control space ( 130 ) of the respective battery module ( 102 ), preferably at least on two sides. 
     Embodiment 26 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 21 to 25, characterized in that the base element ( 106 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises one or more passage openings ( 132 ) that in particular open into a temperature control space ( 130 ) of the battery module ( 102 ). 
     Embodiment 27 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 21 to 26, characterized in that a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises two sealing elements ( 134 ), a first sealing element ( 134 ) being arranged between the frame element ( 104 ) and the base element ( 106 ) of the battery module ( 102 ) and/or a second sealing element ( 134 ) being arranged between the frame element ( 104 ) and the base element ( 106 ) of an adjacent battery module ( 102 ). 
     Embodiment 28 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 21 to 27, characterized in that a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises one or more spacer elements ( 142 ), by means of which the base elements ( 106 ) of the battery modules ( 102 ) are arranged or can be arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     Embodiment 29 
     The battery device according to embodiment 28, characterized in that the one or more spacer elements ( 142 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) each comprise two contact surfaces ( 146 ) arranged on opposing sides of the spacer element ( 142 ), a respective spacer element ( 142 ) contacting the base element ( 106 ) of the battery module ( 102 ) with a first contact surface ( 146 ) and the spacer element ( 142 ) contacting or being able to contact the base element ( 106 ) of an adjacent battery module ( 102 ) with a second contact surface ( 146 ). 
     Embodiment 30 
     The battery device according to embodiment 29, characterized in that the two contact surfaces ( 146 ) of a spacer element ( 142 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) are at a distance ( 148 ) from one another, which distance substantially corresponds to a height ( 150 ) of a wall ( 111 ), in particular a double wall ( 120 ), of the battery module ( 102 ) taken parallel to the stacking direction ( 110 ). 
     Embodiment 31 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 28 to 30, characterized in that the spacer elements ( 142 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) are bolt elements ( 152 ) or sleeve elements ( 154 ). 
     Embodiment 32 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 28 to 31, characterized in that the battery modules ( 102 ) of the battery device ( 100 ) are clamped together by means of the spacer elements ( 142 ) or in that the battery modules ( 102 ) of the battery device ( 100 ) are clamped by means of clamping elements ( 162 ) passed through the spacer elements ( 142 ). 
     Embodiment 33 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 21 to 32, characterized in that the frame element ( 104 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises one or more stacking projections ( 168 ) projecting away from the frame element ( 104 ) parallel to a stacking direction ( 110 ) of the battery device ( 100 ) and/or one or more stacking recesses ( 170 ), in which stacking recesses stacking projections ( 168 ) of a frame element ( 104 ) of an adjacent battery module ( 102 ) can be received. 
     Embodiment 34 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 21 to 33, characterized in that the frame element ( 104 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) is connected or can be connected, for example clipped, to the base element ( 106 ) of the battery module ( 102 ) in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner. 
     Embodiment 35 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 21 to 34, characterized in that the frame element ( 104 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises a stiffening structure ( 178 ), for example a stiffening rib structure ( 180 ), on a circumferential surface of the frame element ( 104 ). 
     Embodiment 36 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 21 to 35, characterized in that one or more, in particular all, battery modules ( 102 ) of the battery device ( 100 ) are of identical design. 
     Embodiment 37 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 1 to 36, characterized in that the base element ( 106 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises or is formed from a metallic material and forms part of an outer surface ( 184 ) of the battery device ( 100 ). 
     Embodiment 38 
     The battery device according to embodiment 37, characterized in that the base elements ( 106 ) of the battery modules ( 102 ) protrude beyond the frame elements ( 104 ) of the battery modules ( 102 ) at least in portions, for example closed in a ring shape, perpendicular to a stacking direction ( 110 ) of the battery device ( 100 ). 
     Embodiment 39 
     The battery device according to embodiment 37 or 38, characterized in that the battery device ( 100 ) comprises a heat sink and/or a temperature control element, which are thermally coupled to one or more, preferably to all, base elements ( 106 ) of the battery device ( 100 ). 
     Embodiment 40 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 37 to 39, characterized in that a respective battery module ( 102 ) also comprises a holding body ( 186 ) for holding the battery cells ( 108 ) of the respective battery module ( 102 ), which holding body is connected, in particular integrally, to the base element ( 106 ) of the battery module ( 102 ). 
     Embodiment 41 
     The battery device according to embodiment 40, characterized in that the holding body ( 186 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises a plurality of receiving openings ( 188 ), in each of which a battery cell ( 108 ) of the battery module ( 102 ) is received. 
     Embodiment 42 
     The battery device according to embodiment 40 or 41, characterized in that the holding body ( 186 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises a honeycomb structure ( 190 ) or is formed by a honeycomb structure ( 190 ). 
     Embodiment 43 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 40 to 42, characterized in that the holding body ( 186 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) is injection molded onto the base element ( 106 ) of the battery module ( 102 ). 
     Embodiment 44 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 40 to 43, characterized in that the holding body ( 186 ) is designed in one piece. 
     Embodiment 45 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 37 to 44, characterized in that a respective battery module ( 102 ) also comprises a sealing element ( 134 ), in particular two sealing elements ( 134 ), that is connected, in particular integrally, to the base element ( 106 ) of the battery module ( 102 ). 
     Embodiment 46 
     The battery device according to embodiment 45, characterized in that the two sealing elements ( 134 ) are arranged on two opposing sides of the base element ( 106 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ), in particular injection molded onto the base element ( 106 ). 
     Embodiment 47 
     The battery device according to embodiment 45 or 46, characterized in that the sealing element ( 134 ) comprises a first sealing portion ( 136 ) and a second sealing portion ( 138 ). 
     Embodiment 48 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 37 to 47, characterized in that the battery cells ( 108 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) are thermally coupled to the base element ( 106 ) of the battery module ( 102 ). 
     Embodiment 49 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 37 to 48, characterized in that the base element ( 106 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprises one or more temperature control channels, for example a temperature control channel structure. 
     Embodiment 50 
     The battery device according to any of embodiments 37 to 49, characterized in that the base element ( 106 ) of a respective battery module ( 102 ) is a hybrid component, in particular a metal-elastomer hybrid component. 
     Embodiment 51 
     A method for fixing battery cells ( 108 ), the method comprising:
         providing a layer element ( 212 );   providing a plurality of battery cells ( 108 );   fixing the battery cells ( 108 ) in the layer element ( 212 ) by means of, in particular, plastic deformation of the layer element ( 212 ).       

     Embodiment 52 
     The method according to embodiment 51, characterized in that the battery cells ( 108 ) are fixed in the layer element ( 212 ) by heating the layer element ( 212 ) and/or by subsequently cooling the layer element ( 212 ). 
     Embodiment 53 
     The method according to embodiment 51 or 52, characterized in that the layer element ( 212 ) is plastically deformed by heating or in that the layer element ( 212 ) is heated and the heated layer element ( 212 ) is then plastically deformed. 
     Embodiment 54 
     The method according to embodiment 52 or 53, characterized in that the layer element ( 212 ) is cooled after heating. 
     Embodiment 55 
     The method according to any of embodiments 51 to 54, characterized in that the layer element ( 212 ) is shrunk onto the battery cells ( 108 ). 
     Embodiment 56 
     The method according to any of embodiments 51 to 55, characterized in that the battery cells ( 108 ) are aligned relative to one another, in particular by means of a mold ( 214 ), before they are fixed in the layer element ( 212 ). 
     Embodiment 57 
     The method according to embodiment 56, characterized in that the battery cells ( 108 ) are initially aligned parallel to one another and/or in a predetermined pattern. 
     Embodiment 58 
     The method according to embodiment 57, characterized in that one or more battery cells ( 108 ) are moved parallel to a longitudinal axis ( 126 ) of the battery cells ( 108 ) after the parallel alignment and/or after the alignment in a predetermined pattern. 
     Embodiment 59 
     The method according to embodiment 58, characterized in that one or more battery cells ( 108 ) are moved parallel to a longitudinal axis ( 126 ) of the battery cells ( 108 ) to such an extent that base surfaces ( 238 ) of all battery cells ( 108 ) are arranged substantially in a single plane. 
     Embodiment 60 
     A battery device ( 100 ), the battery device ( 100 ) comprising one or more battery modules ( 102 ), 
     a respective battery module ( 102 ) comprising: 
     a frame element ( 104 ); 
     a base element ( 106 ); and 
     a plurality of battery cells ( 106 ), 
     the battery cells ( 108 ) being fixed in a layer element ( 212 ) by means of the method according to any of embodiments 51 to 59 and 
     the layer element ( 212 ) and the battery cells ( 108 ) fixed in the layer element ( 212 ) being fixed to the base element ( 106 ) of the battery module ( 102 ).