Patent Publication Number: US-8125127-B2

Title: Reflective device for area lighting using narrow beam light emitting diodes

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/207,377 filed Feb. 11, 2009, the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to illumination technology, in particular teaches how to diffuse light from a light beam. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     An article of manufacture is specified and is comprised of at least one point source of light which emits a light beam; and at least one reflective means for diffusing the light. This invention will enable the use of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), lasers, and other light beam technologies in providing area lighting. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,377,679 teaches an illumination system including a light source, light guides coupled to the light source, each including an input surface and an output surface, emissive material positioned to receive light from at least one light guide, and an interference reflector positioned such that the emissive material is between the output surfaces of the light guides and the interference reflector is disclosed. The light source emits light having a first optical characteristic. The emissive material emits light having a second optical characteristic when illuminated with light having the first optical characteristic. The interference reflector substantially transmits light having the second optical characteristic and substantially reflects light having the first optical characteristic. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,375,381 teaches an LED illumination apparatus according to the present invention includes at least one connector and a lighting drive circuit. The connector is connected to an insertable and removable card-type LED illumination source, which includes multiple LEDs that have been mounted on one surface of a substrate. The lighting drive circuit is electrically connected to the card-type LED illumination source by way of the connector. The card-type LED illumination source preferably includes a metal base substrate and the multiple LEDs that have been mounted on one surface of the metal base substrate. The back surface of the metal base substrate, including no LEDs thereon, thermally contacts with a portion of the illumination apparatus. A feeder terminal to be electrically connected to the connector is provided on the surface of the metal base substrate on which the LEDs are provided. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,32,9029 teaches an optical device for coupling the luminous output of a light-emitting diode (LED) to a predominantly spherical pattern comprises a transfer section that receives the LED&#39;s light within it and an ejector positioned adjacent the transfer section to receive light from the transfer section and spread the light generally spherically. A base of the transfer section is optically aligned and/or coupled to the LED so that the LED&#39;s light enters the transfer section. The transfer section can comprises a compound elliptic concentrator operating via total internal reflection. The ejector section can have a variety of shapes, and can have diffusive features on its surface as well. The transfer section can in some implementations be polygonal, V-grooved, faceted and other configurations. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,278,775 teaches a light guide containing substantially aligned non-spherical particles provides more efficient control of light scattering. One or more regions containing ellipsoidal particles may be used and the particle sizes may vary between 2 and 100 microns in the smaller dimension. The light scattering regions may be substantially orthogonal in their axis of alignment. Alternatively, one or more asymmetrically scattering films can be used in combination with a backlight light guide and a reflector to produce an efficient backlight system. The light guides may be manufactured by embossing, stamping, or compression molding a light guide in a suitable light guide material containing asymmetric particles substantially aligned in one direction. The light scattering light guide or non-scattering light guide may be used with one or more light sources, collimating films or symmetric or asymmetric scattering films. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,0720,96 teaches a compact and efficient optical illumination system featuring planar multi-layered LED light source arrays concentrating their polarized or un-polarized output within a limited angular range. The optical system manipulates light emitted by a planar light emitters such as electrically-interconnected LED chips. Each light emitting region in the array is surrounded by reflecting sidewalls whose output is processed by elevated prismatic films, polarization converting films, or both. The optical interaction between light emitters, reflecting sidewalls, and the elevated prismatic films create overlapping virtual images between emitting regions that contribute to the greater optical uniformity. Practical illumination applications of such uniform light source arrays include compact LCD or DMD video image projectors, as well as general lighting, automotive lighting, and LCD backlighting. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,049,746 teaches a light-emitting unit, including LEDs mounted on both sides of a substrate, simulates a spherical light source. The LED on each side of the substrate is enclosed by a lens made of a material containing light-dispersing particles. The substrate is provided with a wiring pattern connected to the LEDs. Each of the light-dispersing lenses has a circular periphery which is adjacent to an edge of the substrate. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,890,642 teaches a transparent polymeric diffusion film exhibiting at least 50% transmissivity containing a thermoplastic polymeric material with internal microvoids and containing a plurality of complex lenses on a surface thereof. Such films are useful for diffusing light when it is desired to provide and even light distribution. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,840,654 teaches an LED light is set out where there is a conical reflecting chamber and a rear housing to accommodate a series of light emitting diodes, each diode residing in a chamber adapted therefore, said chambers being both wide and, and a circuit board contacts and pins for providing power thereto. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,829,071 teaches optical devices using reflective polarizers and, in particular, diffusely reflective polarizers are provided. Many of the optical devices utilize the diffusely reflecting and specularly transmitting properties of diffusely reflecting polarizers to enhance their optical characteristics. The optical devices include a lighting system which uses a reflector formed from a diffusely reflecting polarizer attached to a specular reflector. Another optical device is a display apparatus which uses a diffusely reflecting polarizer layer in combination with a turning lens which folds shallow angle light toward a light modulating layer. Other optical devices exploit the depolarizing characteristics of a diffusely reflecting polarizer when reflecting light. Still other optical devices use diffusely reflecting polarizers to recycle light and improve display illumination. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,742,907 teaches an illumination device is provided of the type arranged at the front which is of low power consumption and of high recognisability both when the illumination is turned on and when illumination is turned off. An illumination device arranged at the front face of an illuminated object has a light-guide plate forming a transparent flat plate shape and formed with point-form optical extraction structures on its surface or in a position facing this surface, and a light source arranged opposite and end face of this light-guide plate. The light source is for example a point light source. The optical extraction structures are for example pillar-shaped projections and these are arranged two-dimensionally. The function is provided that, when this illumination device is arranged at the front of the illuminated body, rays are projected on to the illuminated body and rays reflected by the illuminated body are transmitted with scarcely any dispersion. There is also provided a function of transmitting external light with scarcely any dispersion of rays reflected by the illuminated body when the illumination is not turned on. A point light source such as a light emitting diode (LED) or electric light bulb can be employed and low power consumption can easily be achieved. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,350,041 teaches a invention that provides a new solid state lamp emitting a light useful for room illumination and other applications. It comprises a solid state Light Source which transmits light through a Separator to a Disperser that disperses the light in a desired pattern and/or changes its color. In one embodiment, the Light Source is a blue emitting LED operating with current high enough for room illumination, the Separator is a light pipe or fiber optic device, and the Disperser disperses the light radially and converts some of the blue light to yellow to produce a white light mixture. The Separator spaces the Light Source a sufficient distance from the Disperser such that heat from the Light Source will not transfer to the Disperser when the Light Source is carrying elevated currents necessary for room illumination. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,283,612 teaches a light emitting diode light strip that uses a rigid hollow tube sized to accommodate a printed circuit board, which has a positive and negative bus extending the full length of the board. One or more resistors are in contact with the positive bus on one end and a series of light emitting diodes on the other. The diodes are mounted through holes in the board and the anode of the diode is in communication with a resistor while the cathode of the diode contacts an adjacent diode anode connecting them in linked series through traces on the bottom of the circuit board. The end cathode in each series, engages the negative bus forming a predetermined group of diodes electrically coupled to a single resistor on one end and the negative bus on the other. A pair of end caps encloses the tube and an electrical cable is connected through the caps to the busses on the circuit board. A power supply is in contact, through the electrical cable, with the board providing low voltage direct current power through the busses to a predetermined group of light emitting diodes, for illumination of the area surrounding the light strip. 
     US Patent Application No. 20060001037 teaches an illumination system including a light source, light guides coupled to the light source, each including an input surface and an output surface, emissive material positioned to receive light from at least one light guide, and a first interference reflector positioned between the emissive material and the output surfaces of the light guides is disclosed. The light source emits light having a first optical characteristic. The emissive material emits light having a second optical characteristic when illuminated with light having the first optical characteristic. The first interference reflector substantially transmits light having the first optical characteristic and substantially reflects light having the second optical characteristic. 
     US Patent Application No. 20050146890 teaches a vehicle light includes a base having an open side and a light-transmittable member attached to the open side of the base. The base includes an inner reflective surface that has a protrusion formed on a central portion thereof. The protrusion is covered with a reflective material. A circuit ring is mounted to the open side of the base. A plurality of spaced light-emitting diodes are mounted on the circuit ring. A light beam emitted by each light-emitting diode is incident on the protrusion to provide a convergent effect. The light beams are then reflected by the protrusion and the inner reflective surface to provide a large illumination area. 
     US Patent Application No. 20040095763 teaches an LED light that is set out where there is a conical reflecting chamber and a rear housing to accommodate a series of light emitting diodes, each diode residing in a chamber adapted therefore, said chambers being both wide and narrow, and a circuit board contacts and pins for providing power thereto. 
     European Patent Application No. EP 1881259 teaches a high power LED lamp comprises a container having a cavity to fill with a liquid, a light source module for providing a high power LED source light to penetrate through the liquid, and an axial thermal conductor having a first portion nearby the light source module and a second portion extending in the liquid along an axial direction of the cavity to far away from the light source module to evenly transfer heat from the light source module through the liquid to the container. 
     European Application No. EP1076205 teaches an edgelit display panel assembly comprising a frame supporting a light-diffusive plate and an electric light source or sources disposed along and closely adjacent to at least one edge of that plate for illuminating the whole plate and transmitting light through a major surface of the plate within the frame in use, wherein at least the said one edge of the plate has a light-receiving surface that is inclined and/or that lies within a recess formed in the edge of the plate. Preferably, the or each light source extends, in the plane of the plate, at least partly over the light-receiving surface. In an alternative assembly, the frame comprises a hollow, open channel for accommodating electric circuit components for the electric light source, and the channel is closed, in use, by a removable elongate fascia panel connected by an elongate magnet and which preferably also serves to frame ( 30 ) the edge of the image-supporting substrate. 
     International Patent Application No. 2007130536 teaches first, second and third lighting devices each comprise a thermal conduction element, solid state light emitters and a reflective element. In the second device, the conduction element defines an opening; and the emitters and reflective element are mounted on a first side of the conduction element. In the third device, the conduction element defines an opening; a first portion of a first side of the conduction element is in contact with a contact region of a construction surface; and the emitters and reflective element are mounted on the first side. A fourth device comprises a conduction element and emitters; a first portion of a first side of the conduction element is in contact with a contact region of a construction surface; the emitters are mounted on a second portion of the first side of the conduction element; and a second side of the conduction element is exposed to ambient air. 
     International Patent Application No. 2004100213 teaches a light source that comprises a light engine, a base, a power conversion circuit and an enclosure. The light engine comprises at least one LED disposed on a platform. The platform is adapted to directly mate with the base which a standard incandescent bulb light base. Phosphor receives the light generated by the at least one LED and converts it to visible light. The enclosure has a shape of a standard incandescent lamp. 
     International Patent Application No. 2001040702 teaches a new solid state lamp emitting a light useful for room illumination and other applications. It comprises a solid state Light Source which transmits light through a Separator to a Disperser that disperses the light in a desired pattern and/or changes its color. In one embodiment, the Light Source is a blue emitting LED operating with current high enough for room illumination, the Separator is a light pipe or fiber optic device, and the Disperser disperses the light radially and converts some of the blue light to yellow to produce a white light mixture. The Separator spaces the Light Source a sufficient distance from the Disperser such that heat from the Light Source will not transfer to the Disperser when the Light Source is carrying elevated currents necessary for room illumination. 
     None of the prior art teaches the invention of the current application. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention is an article of manufacture, having at least one point source of light which emits a light beam; and at least one reflective means for diffusing the light. Diffusion is achieved by the use of various reflective materials. The object of the invention is to provide area lighting that is more efficient than is currently available. Currently area lighting is generally provided by incandescent lights, fluorescent lights, and compact fluorescent lights. LED and OLED technologies are both more efficient at producing light than incandescent and fluorescent technologies but only produce beams of light, which is not suitable for area lighting. One advantage of the present invention is that it provides a means for diffusing light that can be kept and reused after the LED dims too much and needs to be replaced, Thus in one embodiment, the bulb casing is reusable. In other embodiments, the bulb casing is completely disposable. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows the present invention as a bulb  500  in a side view. 
         FIG. 2   a  shows a detail side-view of the beveled washers. 
         FIG. 2   b  shows a bottom detailed view of the beveled washers of  FIG. 2   a.    
         FIG. 3  shows the present invention as a bulb  500  in a side view. 
         FIG. 4  shows a close-up view of the cone shaped reflector  400  in  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  shows the present invention as a tube  700  in a partial side view. 
         FIG. 6  shows the present invention as a tube  700  in an end cross-section view. 
         FIG. 7  shows a cross-sectional view of the tube  700  containing a suspension of light reflecting particles. 
         FIGS. 8A-8E  show cross-sectional views of various embodiments of tubes  700  having internal reflectors  400 . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. Identical elements in the various figures are identified with the same reference numerals. 
       FIG. 1  shows the present invention as a bulb  500  in a side view. The invention is shown with a bulb  500 , a bulb base  510 , a plurality of beveled washers  300  and light beams  600 . In this embodiment, light beams  600  are shown that are emitted by an LED that is inside the bulb base  510 . Also seen is optional bulb casing  520 . 
     The present invention is intended to primarily replace incandescent and florescent lamps for area lighting, but the principles herein can also be applied to other lighting schemes and applications. The types of point sources of light include but are not limited to: LEDs, organic LED (OLED), polymer LED (PLED), LASER, LASER diodes. The point light source may be replaceable. The point source of light is preferably an LED. Types of LEDs especially useful for the invention are high power LEDs, (HPLED) and high brightness LEDs which have an output of greater than 1 watt, and can be driven at 350 milliamperes of current or more. While a converter may be necessary, some LEDs have been developed that can run directly from main power, and may have an efficiency of from 10 to 150 lm/W. In other applications, the LED source may be a miniature LED having a size between 2 to 15 mm. They could be low current to high current and low to high output, typically rated for 2 to 30 mA at 2 to 5V. 
     Since LEDs by their nature generate large amounts of heat, a heat sink may be desirable in some applications. 
     The LEDs of the present invention can be any color, but the preferred color is white. The white light can be produced using any system now available or available in the future. For example, white light can be created using a RGB system, otherwise known as a multi-colored white LED where red, green, and blue LEDs are combined to create a white light. Another source of white light are phosphor based LEDs, where an LED, usually blue, is coated with phosphor of different colors to create white light. It should be noted that such phosphorus or phosphor based compounds is a common name for compounds that usually contain other components, such that light waves striking the compound of one color can be converted to many other colors. These systems tend to be less efficient than the RGB systems, but are alternatively simpler to construct and operate. 
     LED and other light sources may have color ranges that are not acceptable to the application. Some light sources which might provide efficient or high power light could contain unwanted color temperatures and be deemed un-useful for the application. This color could be converted by the light fixture using materials that convert the light to a different color. The application of such materials are well known, such as phosphorus that is widely used in fluorescent light sources. By utilization various concentrations of materials such as phosphorous, various colors of resulting light can be realized. 
     Alternatively, some light sources may consist of separate colors, such as red, blue or green. The combining of such sources can create a specific color temperature of the resulting light. For example, phosphorous can be disposed on the reflective means and the phosphorous converts the light beam to a different color. Also the light source can be comprised of separate multi colored light sources, and the separate multi colored light sources combine to provide a specific color though fixed or variable mixing. By using various filtering and/or refraction techniques, a light fixture can be created to properly mix these color sources into the desired resulting color. 
     Other types of LEDs useful for the present invention include organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). If the emitting layer material of the LED is an organic compound, it is known as an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED). To function as a semiconductor, the organic emitting material must have conjugated pi bonds. The emitting material can be a small organic molecule in a crystalline phase, or a polymer. By “light beam” it is meant a light beam originating from a point source, wherein the emits is less than 360 degrees, preferably less than 180 degrees, more preferably less than 120 and most preferably between 10 and 1 degrees. As used herein, the term LED can mean a single LED or multiple LEDs. 
       FIG. 2   a  shows a detail side view of the beveled washers  300  in  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 2   b  shows a top view of a beveled washer  300 . The light beams  600  are shown interacting with the beveled washers  300 . The beveled washers  300  are preferably in perpendicular orientation to the light beam, but in some embodiments could be oriented or skewed at an angle. As seen in  FIG. 2   a , the various beveled washers  300  each have a bevel hole diameter  360  which is defined by top edge  330 . Similarly, the beveled washers have a bottom edge  340  which defines the overall washer diameter  350 . The beveled washer has a bevel angle  310  which is defined the wall  370  of the beveled washer  300  and the plane defined by the bottom edge  340  of the beveled washer  300 . The beveled washers  300  are shown as having top edges of various sizes and bevel angles, which create differing overall washer diameters  350 , with larger overall washer diameters  350  near the point light source and smaller overall washer diameters  350  farther from the point source. Similarly, the bevel hole diameter  360  for each bevel washer  300  increases with the overall washer diameter  350 . The number of beveled washers  300  can range from 2 to up 10. Preferably, the bevel angel  310  between horizontal piece and the angled piece is from 10 to 80, and the bevel angle  310  will become progressively more acute with each individual beveled washer  300 . The bulb has at least two beveled washers  300 , but can have any number of washers up to 10. The beveled washers  300  as shown in the drawings are circular, but could be other shapes such as rectangular, elliptical, square, etc. While the beveled washers  300  are shown as solid surfaces, they could be textured or patterned. The beveled washer  300 , or the horizontal piece  330  or angled piece  340  could also have a semi-circular configuration or have portions cut away to create different diffusion patterns. The beveled washers  300  can be positioned relative to the LED with wire or other means. 
     In addition,  FIGS. 1 and 2  also show optional protective bulb casing  520 . The optional protective casing  520  can be any material, such as plastic or glass. It can be transparent or translucent, or coated with a luminescent material. In certain applications in may be desirable to have at least part of the cover coated with an opaque or reflective material. 
     In  FIG. 1 , light beams  600  from LED  200  are shown passing through the first beveled washer  300  where some of the light beam  600  is shown reflected to the side by the bevel washer  300 . The remainder of the light beam  600  is shown passing through the hole  320  and continues to the next beveled washer  300  and thus only a portion of the light beam is reflected by the bevel washer  300 . The remainder of the beam travels to the next beveled washer  300 , where a portion is reflected, and the remainder travels to the next beveled washer in a similar manner. The general process as described above repeats as necessary, based on the number of beveled washers  300 , and creates a diffusion pattern similar to incandescent lighting. The bottom two beveled washers  300  shown in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2  may then repeat the process of reflection and transmission. The beveled washers may be of any material such as Alzak aluminum, mirror material, multi-facet mirror material, translucent acrylic, and translucent acrylic with reflecting particles. Likewise, beveled washers may have one or both sides covered with reflective material. 
     Preferred sizes for the beveled washers  300  will vary depending on its location relative to the LED, but can be from ½ inch to 6 inches in diameter. The spacing between the horizontal piece of multiple beveled washers can also vary from 1 to 4 inches. The beveled washers can be equidistantly spaced or spaced at varying intervals to create different diffusion patters. In addition, the bevel angle  310  could also be adjustable, for example, by using a bendable material for the bevel washers  300  or with a hinge mechanism that adjusts the bevel angle with a window/shutter type mechanism. 
     The bulb casing  520  can be disposable or reusable, allowing replacement of just the LED. The bulb base  510  can any size, and is preferably can be placed in ordinary light sockets. 
       FIGS. 3 and 4  show an alternate embodiment of the invention which relies on a plurality of cone shaped reflectors  400  to diffuse the light beams  600  from LED  200 . Optional bulb  500  has base  510  which maintains the bulb casing  520  and LED  200 . The bulb  500  has at least one cone shaped reflector  400 , and preferably three or more reflector cones. The cone shaped reflectors  400  can be attached at cone tip  410 , to the base  500 , to the LED  200  or affixed over the LED by a separate support structure. The cone shaped reflectors  400  can be made of any type of material, metal or plastic, including but not limited to Alzak aluminum, mirror material, multi-facet mirror material, translucent acrylic, and translucent acrylic with reflecting particles. Part or the entire cone surface can be reflective. 
       FIG. 4  is a detailed view of a cone shaped reflector  400 , showing cone tip  410 , cone base  420 , The cone shaped reflector  400  has a cone angle  430 , shown in the drawing at 20 degrees, but could vary from 5 to 85 degrees. As seen in  FIG. 4 , the cone shaped reflector  400  is a true cone, but the cone shaped reflectors could be other shapes as well, including pyramidal or multi-faceted. The surface of the cone shaped reflectors  400  could be patterned or smooth and the cones themselves can solid or hollow, or could have material removed to allow light diffusion therethrough, creating different diffusion patterns. The cone base  420  can have any diameter base. 
       FIG. 5  shows an alternate embodiment of the invention as a tube  700  in a partial side view. The invention is shown with an LED  200 , a tube  700 , and reflectors  800 . The tube  700  is shown with length  710  and a width  720  and a tube end  740 . The tube  700  is shown with LED  200  and the tube end  740  attached to the end of the tube  700 . The reflectors  800  are shown attached to the top of the tube  700  at an angle. Each reflector may have a different angle, which may be adjustable. The reflectors  800  may be of different sizes depending on the distance from the LED  200 . The light beams  600  are shown being emitted by the LED  200  and are shown being reflected downward by the reflectors  800 . The reflectors could also be beveled washers as described above. 
       FIG. 6  shows the present invention as a tube  700  in an end cross-section view. The invention is shown with a tube  700 , tube support rack  730 , and reflectors  800 . The invention is shown with the tube  700  and reflectors  800  attached to the tube support rack  730 . 
     The invention is an article of manufacture, comprising: at least one point source of light which emits a light beam; and at least one reflective means for diffusing the light. The reflective means may be constructed from many materials including but not limited to: Alzak aluminum, mirror material, multi-facet mirror material, translucent acrylic, and translucent acrylic with reflecting particles. Any type of reflective means may only reflect a portion of the light or reflect in multiple directions. The reflective means may be adjusted to adjust the light diffusion. 
     In one of the preferred embodiments the point light source and the reflective means are contained in a bulb  500 . A bulb  500  may be constructed from many materials including but not limited to: clear glass, frost glass, acrylic, plastic, and composites. In this embodiment the reflective means includes but is not limited to one or more of the following types: beveled washer  300 , cone shaped reflector  400  and quadrilateral reflector. In this embodiment the reflective means may be at least one beveled washer  300  or a plurality of beveled washers  300 . A beveled washer  300  may be perpendicular to the light beam  600 . The reflective means may be at least one cone shaped reflector  400  or a plurality of cone shaped reflectors  400 . A beveled washer  300  may have a bevel angle  310  and a hole  320 . A beveled washer  300  may have a different bevel angle  310  from other beveled washers  300 . 
     In additional preferred embodiments the point light source and the reflective means are contained in a tube  700 . A tube  700  may be constructed from many materials including but not limited to: clear glass, frost glass, acrylic, plastic, and composites. The tube  700  may have a length  710  and a width  720  and the width may have a circular shape or semi-circular shape. The length  710  may be any length, but is preferably from ½ inch to 15 feet. The tube could be in the shape of bulb, with a neck and bulb area attached. The width  720  may be from ⅛ inch to 12 inches. In this preferred embodiment the reflective means may include but is not limited to: beveled washers, cone reflectors and quadrilateral reflectors. The reflective means may have an angle relative to axis of the tube  700 , which may be adjustable. In this preferred embodiment the reflective means may be a plurality of reflectors in the shape of a beveled washer in perpendicular orientation to the light beam and the reflectors are located along the length of the tube. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an additional preferred embodiment, where the point source of light and the reflective means may be contained in a bulb  500  (not shown) or tube  700  and the tube or bulb may contain a suspension of light reflecting particles  800 . Such a suspension  800  may be in a liquid phase or it can begin in the liquid phase and the particles cured in place by exposing the liquid to a curing medium such as ultraviolet radiation or heat. The medium should be clear or translucent and can be, for example, plastic or plastic resin, starch etc. The light particles may be oriented prior to curing. The orientation may be achieved by either mechanical means or electromagnetic means. The particles in such a suspension may be translucent or opaque, and can be made from any of the materials described herein, and may disperse light in one or many directions, and may be of a variant gradient. Further, the light reflecting particles may be fixed, left in suspension and mobile, or forced into motion by heat or mechanical means, including a motor, induced current, magnetic or other means to force the particle into motion thereby dispersing light in many directions to achieve a wider dispersion of light or other desired effects. In further embodiments the tube could also be constructed from a large diameter fiber in which the construction has a variable gradient which allows light to be dispersed through the fiber walls. Also demonstrated in  FIG. 7  are light beams  600  from LED  200 , traversing light reflecting particles  800 . A reflector may be used in combination with light reflecting particles  800  to transport or disperse the light beams  600 . 
       FIGS. 8   a - 8   c  show cross-sectional views of various embodiments of tubes  700  having internal reflectors  400 . Also shown are cone shaped reflector  400 , a reflector base  420 , a reflector tip  410 , a tube  700 , light beams  600 , angle  430 , and LED  200 . The LED  200  shows the source of light. The tube could contain a reflector system as earlier described with cones distributed throughout the tube. The reflectors may be cone shaped  400  ( FIGS. 8   a - 8   d ), or the reflectors may be bulb shaped ( FIG. 8   e ). In a further construction, the tube  700  may contain a light guide, which can direct the light down the tube, restrict the light or otherwise direct the light using various means inclusive of being coated with reflective material, phosphorus compounds, or variable optical refraction index means. Such restrictive means has the advantage of providing light in the intended direction which further increases the efficacy of the lighting system and advantageously provides more light for a given area. The reflectors  800  or beveled washers  300  ( FIG. 1 ) may function as light guides and may be in a shape of a cone or may be planar. There may be one or several light guides running down the center, or along the sides of the tube  700  or a bulb  500 . The reflectors  800  may have different shapes depending on an intended light output goal. In another alternative, a percentage of the tube&#39;s inner surface may be coated with reflective materials, particles, or phosphorous compounds. 
       FIG. 8   a  shows a cone shaped reflector  400 . The light source  200  sends light beams  600  toward the tip  410 . The reflector  400  is coated with reflective substances and is therefore capable of dispersing light beams in the direction shown. 
       FIG. 8   b  illustrates another embodiment of the tube  700  containing two cone shaped reflectors that are oriented with bases  420  facing each other. A light source  200  is now on both ends of the tube  700 , as shown. The bases  420  may or may not be translucent, so as to be able to exchange light beams  600  between each other. 
       FIG. 8   c  illustrates a reflector  400 , having a broad base  420  abutting a sidewall  710  of the tube  700 . There are light sources  200  on both ends of the tube  700 . The reflector disperses light beams  600  in the direction shown. 
       FIG. 8   d  illustrate cone shaped reflectors  400  that may be translucent and be able to guide light beams  600  in a particular way. The reflectors  400  are oriented with tips  410  facing each other. However, multiple orientation and number of reflectors  400  is intended. 
     The embodiment in  FIG. 8   e  differs from the embodiment in  FIG. 1 , in that a reflector  800  is used instead of beveled washers  300 . The light source or LED  200  is contained in the base  510 . The reflector  800  preferably contains a reflective coating on its sides  810  to disperse light in the directions shown. Additionally, the base  420 , and the rest of the reflector  800  is clear or translucent, thus enabling light beams  600  to shine from the frontal section  815 . Such a reflector  800  may be used in the bulb  500  or the tube  700 . All reflectors  800  or  400  may be suspended within a liquid phase, molded into a solid tube  700  or bulb  500 , or mounted on a sidewall. 
     The invention can be used in a wide variety of applications for general residential and commercial lighting, but can also be used in smaller applications such as lamps, lanterns, flashlights, etc. 
     Although this invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it is to be understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of illustration and that numerous changes in the details of construction and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.