Patent Publication Number: US-10790577-B2

Title: Small cell pole and mounting system and methods of use and installation thereof

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention generally relates to a small cell, and more specifically, to a pole system, a mounting system for holding components within a small cell, and methods of installation and use thereof. 
     CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of and priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/450,873, filed Jan. 26, 2017 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/544,526, filed Aug. 11, 2017, both of which are hereby fully incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The explosion of the number of users of smartphones and other mobile computing devices has increased the demands on existing communication networks. As more and more users adopt and use mobile computing devices, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, netbooks, smart watches and the like, more and more data is transmitted using existing cellular and data networks. This increased usage strains the capacity of existing communication networks and results in the need to expand the capacity and coverage of communication networks. 
     Populated and urban areas also suffer from localized regions with reduced or poor coverage by existing communication networks. Impediments can include buildings, natural geographic features or other obstacles. Still further, users suffer from nonexistent or poor coverage by existing communication networks due to sparse or nonexistent infrastructure in the form of traditional cellular towers and equipment. 
     To address these issues, additional infrastructure and equipment can be deployed to areas of capacity-strained, nonexistent or poor coverage of existing communication networks. One approach is to utilize a small cell, a relatively low-powered radio access node that operates in an existing communication network, to provide additional capacity and coverage. The small cells are often lower powered than traditional cellular equipment and are intended to provide localized access coverage to supplement existing communication networks. Existing small cells typically function with only a single network. Thus, when multiple communication networks all require additional capacity, multiple separate small cells are required. Further, existing designs and methods of use, installation and repair for small cells have several drawbacks. In particular, it can be difficult, time-consuming and expensive to access, inspect or replace the equipment (such as radios and/or other electronics) contained within a small cell. 
     Accordingly, a need exists to address these significant drawbacks in existing small cell designs by providing an improved design and method of installing and holding equipment within a small cell. The system and related methods described in the present disclosure address the drawbacks of existing designs. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Certain embodiments are shown in the drawings. However, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the attached drawings. 
         FIG. 1  is an illustration of a pole system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is an illustration of a horizontal cross-sectional profile of the embodiment of the pole assembly shown in  FIG. 1  in a retracted position. 
         FIG. 3  is an illustration of a vertical cross-sectional profile of a portion of the embodiment of the pole assembly shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is an enlargement of the vertical cross-sectional profile of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  is an illustration of the antenna portion of the embodiment of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 6  is an enlargement of the illustration of  FIG. 5 . 
         FIG. 7  is an illustration of an embodiment of a base of present disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  is another view of the embodiment of the base depicted in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 9  is an illustration of a pole system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, including the base of  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 10  is an illustration of another embodiment of a base of present disclosure. 
         FIG. 11  is another view of the embodiment of the base depicted in  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 12  is another view of the embodiment of the base depicted in  FIG. 10  with the pole and door covers installed. 
         FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the base depicted in  FIG. 12 . 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a base of a small cell pole structure in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 15  is a close-up perspective view of the embodiment of a base of a small cell pole structure of  FIG. 14 . 
         FIG. 16  is a perspective view of the interior of the small cell capsule located within the small cell pole structure of  FIG. 14  with the pole structure removed. 
         FIG. 17  is a front view of the small cell capsule of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 18  is a rear view of the small cell capsule of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 19  is a side view of three cards in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 20  is a detailed view of one of the cards of  FIG. 19 . 
         FIG. 21  is a side view of a small cell capsule depicting empty cards inserted into a backplane, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 22  is a perspective view of the small cell capsule of  FIG. 21 . 
         FIG. 23  is an illustration of cards inserted into a backplane in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 24  is an illustration of a backplane, a base plate and three rings in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 25  is a flowchart illustrating a method of installing a card in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 26 a -26 d    are illustrations of a method for inserting a mounting bracket into a backplane in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 27  is an illustration of a front bar and locking bars in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 28 a -28 c    are detailed views of a front bar in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 29 a  and 29 b    are detailed views of rings in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 30  is a detailed view of a backplane in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 31  is a detailed view of a vertical bar in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 32  is a detailed view of a locking bar in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 33 a  and 33 b    are detailed views of a base plate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 34  is a detailed view of a flange in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 35 a  and 35 b    are detailed views of a bumper in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 36  is a front perspective view of the interior of another embodiment of a small cell capsule located within the small cell pole structure of  FIG. 14  with the pole structure removed. 
         FIG. 37  is a rear perspective view of the small cell capsule of  FIG. 36 . 
         FIG. 38  is a perspective view of the small cell capsule of  FIG. 36  with the pole structure in place. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     For the purposes of promoting and understanding the principles disclosed herein, reference is now made to the preferred embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language is used to describe the same. It is nevertheless understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is hereby intended. Such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated devices and such further applications of the principles disclosed and illustrated herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one of skill in the art to which this disclosure relates. 
     Small Cell Pole System 
     The small cell pole system as further described below generally provides a structural means for mounting various elements required to provide enhanced capacity and coverage for a communication network in an aesthetically pleasing, economical and reliable package that is easy to install and maintain in a variety of environmental settings. The small cell pole system permits the small cell to be mounted at the desired height at the top of the pole and permits the adjustment of the desired height using the same small cell pole assembly without the need for custom built poles for each different desired height and application. The adjustability of the small cell pole system also eliminates the need for replacement of the pole in the event the height no longer suits the particular location. The various elements of the described small cell pole assembly permit a pre-fabricated assembly to be delivered to an installation location and efficiently installed using minimal equipment and resources. 
     The small cell pole system of the present disclosure generally includes a pole assembly, a base and a capsule as will be further described.  FIG. 1  illustrates one embodiment of pole assembly  10 . As shown in this embodiment, pole assembly  10  may include an upper section  16 , middle section  18 , lower section  20  and antenna assembly  12 . Pole assembly  10  includes one or more sections of hollow material that permit the electrical and communication wiring and other desired conduits to be passed through the sections of material. This permits the installed small cell pole system to be aesthetically pleasing as well as reducing exposure to the elements and vandalism or other causes of premature failure. In one embodiment, pole assembly  10  includes three sections of material that may include upper section  16 , middle section  18  and lower section  20 . Pole assembly  10  may include more or fewer sections of material depending on the desired height of pole assembly  10 . 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 1 , upper section  16 , middle section  18  and lower section  20  are made of pultruded fiberglass. However, other materials and methods of manufacturing can also be used. Other suitable materials may include aluminum, other metal alloys, composites, plastics and the like, so long as the material is capable of withstanding the loading and other structural requirements. In the embodiment shown, upper section  16 , middle section  18  and lower section  20  are made of the same material but in other embodiments, the various sections of pole assembly  10  can be made of different materials. In one embodiment, upper section  16  is made of aluminum and middle section  18  and lower section  20  are made of pultruded fiberglass. Still other variations are also contemplated. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , in one embodiment of pole assembly  10 , upper section  16 , middle section  18  and lower section  20  are sized such that each section is capable of nesting inside the section below. In this manner, pole assembly  10  can telescope such that it can be transported more easily to an installation location and be easily manipulated during installation. As can be appreciated, instead of having to transport a thirty-foot long pole to an installation location and then raising the thirty-foot long pole vertically, a nested pole (that could be raised to a height of thirty feet during installation) as contemplated by the present disclosure could be 15 feet or less in the nested configuration for easier transport and initial installation. 
     In one embodiment of pole assembly  10 , the outer diameters of upper section  16 , middle section  18  and lower section  20  are ten inches, fourteen inches and eighteen inches respectively. However, other relative sizes of the various sections of pole assembly  10  can also be used. 
     As also shown in the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the profile of various sections of pole assembly  10  can be a fluted profile. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional profile includes twelve flutes around the circumference of each section. As can be appreciated, the size and width of the flutes are configured such that the sections can nest one inside the other as previously explained. In other examples of pole assembly  10 , other cross-sectional profiles of the pole sections can also be used. In alternative embodiments, other cross-sectional profiles that may be used include circular profiles, octagonal (or any polygonal) profiles, oval profiles or other fluted profiles, and the like. 
     In an embodiment, the lower section  20  and the middle section  18  are formed from a plurality of interlocking segments, such as segments  20   a  and  20   b , which combine to form a portion of lower section  20 . Each segment  20   a  and  20   b  includes a first end  21   a  and a second end  21   b  comprising a notch that is sized to hold the first end  21   a  of an adjacent segment. In an embodiment, adjacent segments are held together mechanically (e.g., via friction) without the need for additional fasteners. In alternative embodiments, adjacent segments are joined by suitable fasteners, such as screws, bolts, rivets, pins or the like. Still further, other types of joining processes may be used to secure adjacent sections together such as welding, crimping, staking or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1  and in more detail in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , in an extended or installed position, the various sections of pole assembly  10  have a portion in which a length of each section overlaps with the adjacent section at the interfacing portions as shown, for example, at joint  14   a . As shown in this example, a length of upper section  16  extends inside middle section  18  at joint  14   a . The same relative structure exists, in this example, at the interfacing location of middle section  18  and lower section  20  in which a length of middle portion  18  extends inside lower section  20  at joint  14   b . In one example, the lower three feet of upper section  16  extends inside middle section  18  and the same relative length of middle section  18  extends inside lower section  20 . Different lengths may extend inside the interfacing section depending on the structural requirements of pole assembly  10 , the materials comprising the various sections of the pole assembly  10  and the cross-sectional configurations of the pole assembly  10 , as can be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 , an embodiment comprising an advantageous structure for joining the sections of pole assembly  10  is shown. In this embodiment, at the interfacing region of the sections, a cam-lock assembly  40  is provided to secure the sections of pole assembly  10 . Cam-lock assembly  40  includes one or more cams  46 . In this embodiment (as shown at the interface of upper section  16  and middle section  18 ), one or more cams are connected to the inner surface of middle section  18 . The one or more cams are connected in a spaced relationship to one another in this embodiment around the inner circumference of middle section  18 . The spaced relationship of the one or more cams  46  can vary depending on the cross-sectional profile of middle section  18 . In one example, on a middle section  18  that has the cross-sectional profile shown in  FIG. 2 , nine cams are spaced around the inner circumference of middle section  18 . In other examples, a greater or fewer number of cams can be used. Still further, more than one row of cams  46  is also contemplated. In one example, a single row of cams  46  is used. In an alternative embodiment, two or more rows of cams  46  are used in which a plurality of rows of cams are spaced axially apart from one another. 
     In an alternative embodiment, one or more rows of fasteners are installed through the outer section and into and/or through the inner section to join the two sections together in place of the cams. Any type of suitable fastener can be used, such as screws, bolts, rivets, pins or the like. Still further, other types of joining processes could be used to secure the sections together such as welding, crimping, staking or the like. 
     Referring back to the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the one or more cams  46  may have teeth or other features that increase the frictional force exerted at gripping surface  48  at the portion that interfaces with upper section  16  at gripping surface  48 . Cam-lock assembly  40  provides an advantageous structure for securing the interfacing sections of pole assembly  10  relative to one another. 
     As can be appreciated, in a nested configuration of pole assembly  10  as previously described, one section is inside of the interfacing section. For purposes of illustration, the interface of upper section  16  and middle section  18  as shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4  will be described. However, such a structure and method of use also may exist at the interface of middle section  18  and lower section  20  or any other interfacing sections of pole assembly  10 , if pole assembly  10  includes more sections than as shown in the illustrated embodiments. 
     In the nested configuration, upper section  16  resides inside middle section  18 . During installation of pole assembly  10 , a force is exerted at the top of upper section  16  pulling upper section  16  relative to middle section  18  such that upper section  16  moves in an axial direction and slides out of the nested configuration and into an extended configuration as shown in  FIG. 1 . As upper section  16  slides in an axial direction upward from middle section  18 , upper section  16  is permitted to slide past cams  46  as cams  46  are rotated away from the upper section  16 . When upper section  16  is pulled and is at the desired height of installed pole assembly  10 , the weight of upper section  16  (and any elements that may be mounted thereto) causes upper section  16  to move downward, causing the cams  46  to rotate and engage with the gripping surface  48 . The frictional force between cams  46  and gripping surface  48  (that may be increased by teeth or other features on cams  46 ) cause cams  46  to rotate about the pin at the attachment of cams  46  to the inner surface of middle section  18 . Due to the shape of cams  46 , this action causes the distal end of cams  46 , that is the end away from the point of rotation of cam  46 , to move toward gripping surface  48 . This rotation increases the frictional force between cams  46  and gripping surface  48  and secures upper section  16  relative to middle section  18 . As can be appreciated, upper section  16  can be released from its secured position by pulling up in an axial direction to cause the reverse of the foregoing described action to release cams  46  from their secured rotated position to permit upper section to be moved relative to middle section  18 . 
       FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate one example of cam-lock assembly  40 . Other configurations can also be used that include other shapes and sizes of cams  46  as well as other arrangements of cams  46 . For example, cams  46  may be positioned at differing positions relative to the terminating end of middle section  18 . 
     As further shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , additional fasteners or other securing members  44  can be used to complement or provide additional security against movement of the sections of pole assembly  10  relative to each other. Also as shown, a seal  42  can be provided at the joints  14   a  and  14   b  of the sections of pole assembly  10 . Given the differing sizes of the interfacing sections of pole assembly  10 , rain, snow or other environmental elements would be permitted to enter pole assembly  10  unless a feature is provided to close and/or seal the gap between the interfacing sections. In this example, an elastomeric seal  42  is provided that fits over the pole and closes the gap between the sections. Any suitable elastomeric material can be used such as rubber, plastic or composite or the like. In other examples, a foam, caulk or other sealing material can be added to provide similar sealing functionality. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , in one embodiment, a feature is provided at the bottom of a section of pole assembly  10  to prevent one section from being pulled out of an interfacing section during assembly. Without such a feature, for example, upper section  16  could be pulled out of middle section  18  when pole assembly  10  is extended during installation. Such could also be the case at the interface portion between middle section  18  and lower section  20 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 , a ring or extending feature  36  is fixed to the exterior surface of upper section  16  proximate the bottom edge of upper section  16 . The ring  36  extends outward such that it extends radially outward from an outer circumferential surface of upper section  16 . The ring  36  effectively increases the outer diameter of upper section  16 . A complementary feature, bumper  34 , is provided on the inner surface of middle section  18 . Bumper  34  extends radially inward from the inner circumferential surface of middle section  18 . In this configuration, as upper section  16  moves axially upward from a nested configuration to an extended position, the ring  36  contacts bumper  34  to prevent upper section  16  from being completely withdrawn from middle section  18 . In an embodiment, ring  36  is affixed to upper section  16  using one or more fasteners  37 , such as bolts or other suitable fasteners (as described herein). As can be appreciated, middle section  18  and lower section  20  can be fitted with similar features to provide similar results. 
     The ring  36  and bumper  34  configuration depicted in  FIG. 3  is only one example of a restriction feature. In an alternative embodiment, a cap is fit onto the bottom of middle section  18 . The cap has an upstanding flange and a bottom plate. The upstanding flange extends into and connects at the bottom edge of middle section  18 . The bottom plate of cap  36  is connected to the upstanding flange and extends outward such that it extends radially outward from an outer circumferential surface of middle section  18 . Much like the ring  36 , as middle section  18  moves axially upward from a nested configuration to an extended position, the cap contacts bumper  34  to prevent middle section  18  from being completely withdrawn from lower section  20 . In further alternative embodiments, a bumper in the form of an L-bracket, crimped indention feature, a fastener extending inwardly or the like, which is positioned on lower section  20 , is used to provide similar retention to that previously described, in that it prevents middle section  18  from being removed from lower section  20  during installation. Still other retention features are also contemplated. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5 , antenna assembly  12  and transition portion  38  are shown. Antenna  56  can be any antenna suited for a communication network to which the small cell pole system is intended. In one example, antenna  56  is cylindrical as shown. Antenna assembly also includes support  54  that connects antenna  56  to upper section  16 . In this example, support  54  is frusto-conical in shape and includes one or more vent covers  52  that are removable such that the electrical connections of antenna  56  to the related communications equipment can be accessed and serviced as necessary. Any suitable material can be used for support  54  and vent cover  52  including plastics, composites, aluminum, other metal alloys and like. Antenna assembly  38  also includes a portion that may extend into upper section  18  and then connected thereto. In other examples, antenna assembly  38  extends over and around upper section  18  and is similarly connected. While fasteners  50  are depicted in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5 , other methods of attachment may also be used such as welding, adhesive, crimping, staking or the like. 
     Small cell pole assembly  10 , in one embodiment, is fixed at an installation location using a base. The base may be a surface-mounted base  110  as depicted in  FIGS. 10, 11, 12, and 13  or an embedded base  140  as depicted in  FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 . Embedded base  140  is intended to be fixed at an installation location by embedding a lower portion  154  of embedded base  140  into the ground using concrete or another suitable material. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 9 , lower portion  154  of embedded base  140  is placed below grade  24  and upper portion  152  extends above grade  24 . In one example, lower portion  154  and upper portion  152  are six feet in length. In other examples, other lengths can be used. Embedded base can be made of galvanized steel or other suitable material. As shown on  FIG. 7 , upper portion of embedded base  140  may include an upper access  144  and a lower access  146 . Upper access  144  and lower access  146  are openings in embedded base  140  that permit access to the electronic communications equipment that is installed into the base via the capsule as will be explained. Embedded base  140  may also include surface ring  142  that is located at grade after installation of embedded base  140 . Lower portion  154  may also include below-grade access point  150  that may be an elongated hole as shown. Below-grade access point  150  permits access to the interior of embedded base  140  so that electrical power and communications network lines can be passed from underground conduits into embedded base  140 . 
     As further shown in this embodiment, embedded base may include seat  148 . Seat  148  provides a location on which capsule  80  will sit after it is installed into the base. In this embodiment, seat  148  is a partial ring of material fixed at a predetermined location on the inside surface of the upper portion of embedded base  140 . Seat  148  extends radially inwardly and causes capsule  80  to be positioned at a desired location inside the base so that the electronic and communication equipment installed on capsule  80  can be accessed through upper access  144  and lower access  146 . Other configurations of seat  148  can also be used including L-brackets, crimped indentions, extending fasteners or other radially inward extending features. 
       FIGS. 10, 11, 12 and 13  illustrate another embodiment of the base. In this embodiment, a surface-mounted base  110  is shown. Surface-mounted base  110  may include similar features described above such as an upper access  112 , lower access  114  and seat  116 . In this embodiment, surface mount  118  is also provided. Surface mount  118  in this example is a flanged feature with attachment locations that permit surface-mounted base  110  to be installed on surface bolts. Surface mount  118  can be of various shapes and sizes to provide a mounting surface to coordinate with the attachments that may be contemplated at an installation location. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 12 and 13 , in an embodiment, the base (either surface mounted base  110  or embedded base  140 ) may include one or more covers  119 . As shown, covers  119  are installed over upper access  112  and lower access  114  and each includes a plurality of horizontal bars  119   a  spaced apart by openings  119   b . In alternative embodiments, different structures of covers may be used, including solid plates, mesh coverings, and coverings with differing arrangements of bars  119   a  and openings  119   b . The coverings  119  are removably installed using fasteners such as bolts to permit access to the interior of the small pole system. In an alternative embodiment, the covers are installed using hinges on a first side and fasteners on an opposite side, so as to permit the covers  119  to swing open when the fasteners are removed. This provides more convenient access to the interior of the small cell pole system while simultaneously ensuring that the covering is secured. In an embodiment, a lock or other secure fastener to prevent ready access by unauthorized individuals is used. 
     As discussed in greater detail below, a capsule contains all of the electrical and communication components for the small cell pole system. In an embodiment, the capsule has a generally cylindrical shape and is advantageously configured so as to fit within the base (in either the surface-mounted or embedded configuration). The capsule has an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the base. The outer diameter of the bottom of the capsule is larger, however, than the inner diameter of the base at seat  148  so that when the capsule is inserted into the base, it is restricted from moving downward into the base when it comes into contact with seat  148 . The capsule can also be fit with set screws or other fasteners to secure the capsule into location when it is sitting on seat  148  in the base. Foam, spacers or other materials can also be used to prevent capsule  80  from vibrating or moving radially inside of the base after it is inserted inside of the base. 
     The foregoing elements of the small cell pole system provide a robust, efficient and economical solution for adding capacity and coverage to a communication system. The installation of the small cell pole system provides many advantages. 
     Method of Installing Small Cell Pole 
     The installation process of the small cell pole system described herein is particularly advantageous. Such method of installation will now be explained. 
     Upon determining a location at which a user wants to install the small cell pole system, the various elements are delivered to the installation location. The pole assembly, the base and the capsule arrive at the installation location. As previously described, the pole assembly is delivered in a nested configuration in which the various sections of pole assembly  10  are nested one inside another such that the length of the nested pole assembly is significantly shorter than traditional poles that arrive at their installed length. Depending on the nature of the installation location, a surface-mounted base  110  or an embedded base  140  is included with the installation package. The base is appropriately installed onto the surface location or is embedded at the installation location. 
     Next, the capsule  80  is inserted into the base. The capsule  80  arrives at the installation site with the appropriate electrical and communication components pre-installed according to a user&#39;s specifications. This significantly reduces the labor and installation time that are performed at the installation location. The capsule is inserted until it contacts the seat  148  of the base and the capsule is then secured into its location. The electrical power and communications fiber can be connected to the electrical and communication components via pre-installed connection points in the capsule. 
     The pole assembly  10  in a nested configuration can then be installed over the base. The lower section  20 , for example, is installed over the base and the bottom portion of lower section  20  is secured to the base at connection points near the bottom of lower section  20 . Care is taken at this stage to align upper portal  30  and lower portal  28  of pole assembly  10  with the upper access  112  and lower access  114  of the base so that the electrical and communication components located on capsule  80  are accessible. Connections between the communications components located on the pole and capsule can be made. Pole assembly  10  arrives at the installation location pre-wired and configured according to a user&#39;s specifications. 
     After the pole assembly  10  is positioned on the base, a boom or other equipment can be used to raise the pole from the nested configuration to the extended configuration. In one embodiment of pole assembly  10 , the upper section  16  of pole assembly  10  is lifted in an axial direction. This action causes the various sections of pole assembly  10  to move relative to one another in an axial direction. As the various sections ground out because of the restriction features previously described (i.e., the cap  36  and bumper  34 , in one example), the pole assembly  10  can be raised to a desired height. Once the desired height is reached, the various sections can be fixed relative to one another. In one example, the cam-lock assembly automatically secures the various sections relative to one another once the pole assembly is raised to the desired height. 
     As can be appreciated, the height of a small cell pole system is critical in providing the desired coverage of the communication network. One advantage of the small cell pole system of the present disclosure is that the height of the installed pole assembly can be adjusted. Given the cam-lock assembly as previously described, the upper section  16  of pole assembly  10  can be lifted and the cams  46  of cam-lock assembly  40  can be released to adjust the height of the pole assembly. Upon reaching a desired height, the cam-lock assembly can re-secure the relative height of the interfacing sections of pole assembly  10  at a new height. 
     The variable height capability of the small cell pole system described also permits a single pole assembly  10  to serve various desired heights at various installation locations using the same pole assembly  10 . Instead of needing to order many different height poles for different installation locations, an installer can order the same pole assembly  10  and then install the same pole assembly  10  at various heights given the adjustability and versatility previously described. 
     Small Cell Pole Capsule and Mounting System 
     Embodiments of the small cell mounting system as further described below generally provide a structural means for easily mounting various elements required to provide enhanced capacity and coverage for a communication network in a capsule within a small cell pole system in a manner that is easy to install and maintain in a variety of environmental settings. The small cell mounting system permits the electrical and communication components of the small cell to be secured in a modular fashion without the need for specialized hardware to mount different components. The adjustability and modular nature of the system enables multiple communication networks to be used with a single small cell and allows for the easy maintenance, inspection, replacement or upgrade of installed components. The system also allows for technicians to efficiently access, inspect, install and replace components using minimal equipment and resources. 
     As discussed above, the capsule is the element of the small cell pole system in which the electrical and communication components are installed. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 14 and 15 , a small cell base  100   a  (which may be, by way of example, either surface-mounted base  110  or embedded base  140 ) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a small cell pole structure  102  (which may be installed within lower section  20 ) that is connected to a flange  104  and a base plate  202 . The base plate  202  may be affixed to the ground or another surface to secure the small cell base  100   a  in place, while the flange  104  is affixed to the base plate and the pole structure  102 . In the embodiment shown, the flange  104  is square in profile and includes four openings, one at each corner, to secure the flange  104  to the ground. The openings may be sized to accept suitable fasteners such as anchor bolts, bolts and the like. The pole structure  102  is generally in the form of a hollow cylinder with an open space within the interior of the exterior casing  102  that contains the various electrical and communication components used in the small cell base  100   a . The communication components may be operatively connected to an antenna assembly (such as antenna assembly  12 ) mounted to the pole structure via wiring contained within the pole structure. Other configurations of the pole structure  102  can also be used as well as pipes, boxes or other shapes to provide the functionality as described herein. 
     In an embodiment, the pole structure  102  incorporates one or more openings  106   a  and  106   b  that provide access to the interior. The one or more openings  106   a  and  106   b  are sealed with a covering to protect the components of the small cell  100  from the environment and prevent unauthorized access. As will be readily understood, the one or more openings  106   a  and  106   b  may be sized and shaped as necessary to provide access to the components of the small cell base  100   a . In an embodiment, the openings are square, ovoid, rounded rectangles or the like. 
     In an embodiment, the pole structure  102  is made of aluminum, steel or pultruded fiberglass. However, other materials and methods of manufacturing can also be used. Other suitable materials may include aluminum, other metal alloys, composites, plastics and the like, so long as the material is capable of withstanding the loading and other structural requirements. Still other variations are also contemplated. In the embodiment shown, the outer surface of the pole structure  102  includes a plurality of fluted indentations around the circumference of the pole structure  102 . In other embodiments, other cross-sectional profiles can also be used. Other cross-sectional profiles that can be used include circular profiles, octagonal (or any polygonal) profiles, oval profiles, other fluted profiles and the like. 
       FIGS. 16-18  provide exemplary views of the interior of a small cell capsule  100  with the pole structure  102  removed to illustrate the interior components of the small cell capsule  100 . 
     The small cell capsule  100  is advantageously configured so as to fit within the small cell base  100   b  (in either the surface-mounted or embedded configuration). Small cell capsule  100  has an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the base  100   a . The outer diameter of the bottom of small cell capsule  100  is larger, however, than the inner diameter of the base  100   b  at seat  148  (as discussed above), so that when small cell capsule  100  is inserted into the base it is restricted from moving downward in the base when it comes into contact with seat  148 . 
     As shown, the small cell capsule  100  includes a frame  300  made up of one or more backplanes  302   a  and  302   b , vertical bars  304   a ,  304   b  and  304   c , rings  306   a  and  306   b , and front bars  308   a  and  308   b . As shown, a first backplane  302   a  may be mounted above a second backplane  302   b . A first ring  306   a  is located at the top of the first backplane  302   a , while a second ring  306   b  is located at the top of the second backplane  302   b . The vertical bars  304   a ,  304   b  and  304   c  are mounted perpendicularly to the rings  306   a  and  306   b  and are substantially parallel to one another and to the backplanes  302   a  and  302   b . The vertical bars  304   a ,  304   b  and  304   c  may be comprised of one or more sections that are affixed together to form substantially continuous pieces. In an embodiment, two vertical bars  304   a  and  304   b  are located in front of the backplanes  302   a  and  302   b , and a third vertical bar  304   c  is located behind the backplanes  302   a  and  302   b . As shown, in an embodiment, the three vertical bars  304   a ,  304   b  and  304   c  are equidistantly spaced (e.g., 120 degrees apart, or other similar arrangement) around the perimeters of the rings  306   a  and  306   b , with the backplanes  302   a  and  302   b  located within the rings  306   a  and  306   b . For example, the three vertical bars  304   a ,  304   b  and  304   c  may be located at 0 degrees, 120 degrees, and 240 degrees, respectively. The vertical bars  304   a ,  304   b  and  304   c  function to support the weight of the frame  300  and any components attached to the frame  300 , while the rings  306   a  and  306   b  provide lateral support and secure the vertical bars  304   a ,  304   b  and  304   c  to one another. 
     The one or more front bars  308   a  and  308   b  are removably secured to the one or more vertical bars  304   a  and  304   b  located in front of the backplanes  302   a  and  302   b  and are positioned so as to be substantially perpendicular to the vertical bars  304   a  and  304   b . The backplanes  302   a  and  302   b  include one or more vertical slots  502  and the vertical bars include one or more apertures  506 . In an embodiment, the backplanes  302   a  and  302   b  also include one or more horizontal openings  504 . 
     In the embodiment shown, each backplane includes three sets of vertical slots  502 , with three horizontal openings  504  interspersed vertically between the sets of vertical slots  502  (i.e., such that a horizontal opening  504  is located at the bottom of the backplane  302   a , with a set of vertical slots  502  located above the horizontal opening  504 , followed by another set of vertical slots  502 , etc.). In an embodiment, each set of vertical slots  502  includes ten vertical slots  502  that are equidistantly spaced across the width of the backplane  302 . Each vertical slot  502  is taller than it is wide, while each horizontal opening  504  is wider than it is tall. The vertical slots  502  and horizontal openings  504  extend entirely through the backplane  302  from front to back. Other arrangements of vertical slots  502  and horizontal openings  504  may also be used, as will be clear to one of skill in the art. 
     In an embodiment, a plurality of apertures  506  extends vertically along the height of each vertical bar  304 . The apertures  506  are substantially centered on the vertical axis of each vertical bar  304  and extend from the bottom of each vertical bar  304  to the top of each vertical bar  304 . The apertures  506  are spaced equidistantly between one another. Other arrangements and configurations of apertures  506  may also be used, as will be clear to one of skill in the art. 
     In an embodiment, the rings  306   a  and  306   b  are ⅜ of an inch thick. In an embodiment, the vertical bars  304   a  and  304   b  are 2 inches wide and ⅜ of an inch thick. In an embodiment, the base plate  202  is formed from a plate that is ¼ of an inch thick. In alternative embodiments, other thickness may be used depending on the particular materials used for the rings, vertical bars, and base plate and the associated structural and engineering requirements, as will be clear to one of skill in the art. 
     The frame  300  may be constructed using any suitable materials. In an embodiment, the frame  300  is comprised of metal alloys. Alternatively, the frame  300  may be comprised of one or more of pultruded fiberglass, aluminum, other metal alloys, composites, plastics and the like. In an embodiment, the frame  300  is comprised of an insulating material that is not conductive. In an alternative embodiment, at least a portion of the frame  300  is comprised of a material that is electrically conductive. In such an embodiment, at least a portion of the frame  300  may be used to supply a ground connection to electrical components affixed to the frame  300  (as discussed in greater detail below). 
     Any type of suitable fastener can be used to secure the various components of the frame  300  together, such as screws, bolts, rivets, pins or the like. Still further, other types of joining processes can be used to secure the sections of the frame  300  together such as welding, crimping, staking or the like. In the embodiment shown, six fasteners are used to connect segments of each vertical bar  304   a ,  304   b  and  304   c  together, such that a first segment of each vertical bar  304  extends from the flange  104  to a location proximate the second ring  306   b  and a second segment of each vertical bar  304  extends from the location proximate the second ring  306   b  to a location proximate the first ring  306   a , thereby forming a substantially contiguous vertical bar  304 . In an alternative embodiment, each vertical bar  304  is formed from a single segment that extends from the flange  104  to a location proximate the first ring  306   a.    
     One or more cards  310   a  and  310   b , each containing a component  312   a  and  312   b  (such as a radio, electric meter, distribution panel or other electrical or communication component for the small cell  100 ) are removably mounted to the frame  300 , as discussed in greater detail below. 
     In an embodiment, the pole structure  102  is connected to the frame  300 . In an embodiment, the pole structure  102  is fastened to one or more of the vertical bars  304 . In an alternative embodiment, the pole structure  102  is structurally distinct from the frame  300 . The circumference of the frame  300  is less than the interior circumference of the pole structure  102 , such that the frame  300  may be located entirely within the pole structure  102 . Foam, spacers or other materials can also be used to isolate the frame  300  from the pole structure  102  to prevent the frame  300  from vibrating or moving radially inside of the pole structure  102 . 
     In an embodiment, the backplanes  302  are aligned with the openings  106  in the pole structure  102 , such that the front face of each backplane  302  is accessible through the openings  106 . This enables a technician located outside the pole structure  102  to readily access the front face of each backplane  302 , for example, to mount or dismount cards  310  from the backplanes  302 . 
     In the alternative embodiment shown in  FIGS. 36 and 37 , the vertical bars  304   a ,  304   b  and  304   c  are not equidistantly spaced from one another. Vertical bar  304   c  is located at 0 degrees, while vertical bars  304   b  and  304   a  are located at 90 degrees and 270 degrees, respectively. This arrangement advantageously allows for easier access to the interior of the capsule. In an embodiment, an additional ring  306   c  is located at the bottom of the frame  300 . The ring  306   c  may be secured to the base plate  202 . 
       FIG. 38  depicts the small cell capsule  100  of  FIGS. 36 and 37  within the surface-mounted base  110 . As shown, the lower ring  306   c  rests upon the seat  116 . 
     In an alternative embodiment, the small cell capsule omits the vertical bars and rings; in this embodiment, the capsule is formed of a backplane (that may be generally similar to backplane  302 ) and one or more front bars (that may be generally similar to front bar  308 ) that are connected directly to the interior surface of the base. The base may include one or more premade holes or openings to receive fasteners used to secure the capsule to the base. Alternatively, the backplane and/or front bars may be welded or otherwise permanently attached to the base. This embodiment advantageously simplifies the construction of the capsule, reduces the amount of materials required to form the capsule, and may reduce the amount of time and labor required in advance of installation of the capsule in the small cell pole system (which can substantially reduce the associate cost). Similarly, the elements forming the capsule may be shipped more conveniently. 
       FIG. 19  depicts a plurality of cards  600  that are each substantially similar to card  310 , except as otherwise noted. As shown, the various sizes of cards  600  may be used with the frame  300  so as to attach components  312  of varying sizes to the frame. Each card includes a front protrusion  602 , a rear protrusion  604   a , a rear notch  604   b , a top protrusion  606   a  and a top notch  606   b . Each card  600  also includes a plurality of plates  608   a ,  608   b ,  608   c  and  608   d . The top protrusion  606   a , top notch  606   b , rear protrusion  604   a  and rear notch  606   b  are sized so as to removably engage with the vertical slots  502  in a backplane  302  (i.e., the thickness of the protrusions  604   a  and  606   a  is less than the width of the vertical slots  502 , and the width of each notch  604   b  and  606   b  is greater than the thickness of the backplane  502 ). 
     For a single-height card  600   a , the top protrusion  606   a  and the rear protrusion  604   a  engage with a single vertical slot  502 . For a double-height card  600   b , the rear protrusion  604   a  engages with a first vertical slot  502   a  and the top protrusion  606   a  engages with a second vertical slot  502   b , located adjacent to and above the first vertical slot  502   a . For a triple-height card  600   c , the rear protrusion  604   a  engages with a first vertical slot  502   a  and the top protrusion  606   a  engages with a third vertical slot  502   c , located at the opposite end of the backplane  302  from the first vertical slot  502   a . The plates  608  serve to attach the card to a component  312  of the small cell  100 , such as a radio, electrical meter, distribution panel, etc. One or more components  312  may be mounted to each card  600 . The particular card  600   a ,  600   b  and  600   c  may be selected so as to suitably accommodate a component (i.e., a taller component would be mounted to a double-height card  600   b  or a triple-height card  600   c , while a shorter component would be mounted to a single-height card  600   a ). Other sizes of cards  600  may also be used, so long as the protrusions  604   a  and  606   a  are able to engage with slots  502  on a backplane  302 . 
     When mounted to the frame  300 , the top protrusion  606   a  and the rear protrusion  604   a  engage with a backplane  502 , while the front protrusion  602  engages with the front bar  308 . Each front bar  308  includes one or more holes  404  sized to accommodate the front protrusion  602  (i.e., each front protrusion  602  is slightly smaller than the one or more holes  404 ). The holes  404  are arranged to correspond with the vertical slots  502  in the backplanes  302  (i.e., each hole  404  is substantially aligned with the bottom of a particular vertical slot  502 ). Each front bar  308  is connected to two vertical bars  304   a ,  304   b  so as to be located proximate the lower edge of a set Each front bar  308  is connected to two vertical bars  304   a  and  304   b  so as to be located proximate the lower edge of a set of vertical slots  502 . A locking bar  402  may then be fastened along the upper surface of the front bar  308  to securely attach the card  600  to the frame  300  while still enabling the card to be easily removed from the frame. 
       FIG. 20  provides a detailed view of the structure of a single card  600   a , which is generally similar to the card  600   a  depicted in  FIG. 19 . 
       FIGS. 21 and 22  provide perspective views of a small cell capsule including a plurality of cards mounted without equipment for illustrative purposes. As shown in  FIG. 22 , in an embodiment, one or more bumpers  902  may be attached to the vertical bars  304  so as to insulate the frame  300  from the pole structure  102  and ensure that the frame  300  is not vibrated or moved laterally by forces exerted on the pole structure  102 . 
       FIG. 23  provides an illustration of another embodiment of a card, locking bar, front bar and backplane. As shown, a radio (such as a  2208  radio) is mounted to the card. The card is then inserted into a vertical slot in the backplane and a hole in the front bar, before the locking bar is affixed to the front bar, securing the card in place. 
       FIG. 24  provides an illustration of a plurality of backplanes (backplanes “A,” “B” and “C”) interspersed with a plurality of rings. 
     The foregoing elements of the small cell system provide a robust, efficient and economical solution for adding capacity and coverage to a communication system. The installation of components in the small cell system provides many advantages. The installation process of the small cell system is particularly advantageous. The method of installation will now be explained. 
       FIG. 25  is a flowchart generally depicting the steps involved in the method of installing a card  600 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 26 a -26 d   . In step  1204 , a card is selected based on the particular component to be installed in the small cell capsule. The card must be of an appropriate size so as to effectively support the component. In step  1206 , the component is attached to the selected card. In step  1208 , the card is angled, and the top protrusion is inserted into a slot in the backplane. In step  1210 , the card is raised, and the rear protrusion is aligned with the bottom of the slot in the backplane, while the front protrusion is aligned with a hole in the front bar. In step  1212 , the rear protrusion is inserted into the slot in the backplane, and the front protrusion is inserted into the slot in the front bar. In step  1214 , the card is lowered so that it rests on the backplane and the front bar. In step  1216 , a locking bar is attached to the front bar in order to secure the card in place. 
     Method of Installing Card 
       FIGS. 26 a -26 d    depict detailed illustrations of a method for installing a card  600  in a frame  300 . At step  1 , a technician selects an appropriate card  600   a ,  600   b  and  600   c  based on the specific component  312  to be installed. At step  2 , the technician secures the card  600  to the component  312  using suitable fasteners (such as screws, bolts, rivets or other suitable fasteners). 
     As shown in  FIG. 26 a   , at step  3 , the technician angles the card  600  backward such that the top protrusion is located proximate a vertical slot  502  in a backplane  302  and the card  600  is aligned with the vertical slot  502 . The technician then inserts the top protrusion  606   a  (denoted as “Leg A”) into the vertical slot  502 . The technician may accomplish this while standing outside the pole structure  102  by reaching through an opening  106  that corresponds to the desired backplane  302 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 26 b   , at step  4 , once the top protrusion  606   a  is inserted into the vertical slot  502 , the technician raises the card  600  such that the top notch  606   b  is proximate the top edge of the vertical slot  502  while aligning the rear protrusion  604   a  with the bottom of the vertical slot  502 . The technician then tilts the card  600  forward while inserting the bottom protrusion through the vertical slot  502 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 26 c   , at step  5 , the technician raises the card  600  such that the top notch  606   b  makes contact with the top edge of the vertical slot  502 , while aligning the front protrusion  602  with the corresponding hole  404  in the front bar  308 . The rear notch  604   b  is also aligned with the backplane  302 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 26 d   , in step  6 , the technician lowers the card  600  so that the rear notch  604   b  contacts the bottom edge of the vertical slot  502  and the front protrusion  602  rests within the hole  404  in the front bar  308 . The locking bar  402  is then fastened to the front bar  308  over the front protrusion  602 , securing the card in place. 
     To remove a card  600 , the above process is reversed. The locking bar  402  is removed, the card  600  is lifted and tilted backwards so that the front protrusion  602  is removed from the hole  404  and the rear protrusion  604   a  disengages from the vertical slot  502 , and the card  600  is then pulled away from the backplane  302 . 
     In an embodiment, the hole  404  is located solely on a top surface of the front bar  308 . The front protrusion  602  is thus lowered through the hole such that the bottom of the card  600  rests on the top of the front bar  308 . In an alternative embodiment, the hole  404  extends through both the top surface and the back surface of the front bar  308 , such that the card  600  rests on the hole  404 . In an embodiment, the front protrusion  602  extends both forward and downward from the card (as shown, for example, in  FIGS. 26 a -26 d   ) such that the card  600  cannot move either vertically or transversely once the front protrusion  602  is secured in the hole  404 . 
       FIG. 27  illustrates an embodiment of the structure of the front bar  308 . As shown, the front bar  308  is secured to a pair of vertical bars  304   a  and  304   b  and extends perpendicularly between the vertical bars  304   a  and  304   b . The front bar  308  includes a plurality of holes  404  or notches to permit the front protrusion  602  of a card  600  to be inserted into the front bar  308 . One or more locking bars  402  may be secured to the front bar  308 , for example by inserting a bolt through a preexisting orifice in the front bar. As shown in cross-sectional views A-A and B-B, the front bar has an L-shaped cross section in an embodiment, such that it comprises a top surface and a rear surface. 
     In an embodiment, the backplane  302  and/or the front bar  308  provides an electrical connection to a card  600 . In an embodiment, the entire backplane  302  serves as an electrical ground. In an embodiment, the front bar  308  provides power to the card  600 . In this embodiment, the front bar  308  is electrically isolated from the backplane  302 . 
       FIGS. 28 a -28 c    provide detailed views of a front bar  308  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the front bar  308  comprises a vertical surface  1506  and a horizontal surface  1504  joined at a right angle. The front bar includes two flanges  1512 , which are angled so as to align and be connected to the vertical bars  304   a  and  304   b . Each flange  1512  contains one or more openings  1510  to enable the front bar  308  to be easily attached to the vertical bars  304   a ,  304   b  using a fastener. The horizontal surface includes one or more openings  1502  to enable a locking bar  402  to be affixed along the horizontal surface of the front bar  308 . One or more holes  404  are made in the front bar  308  to receive the front protrusion  602  of a card  600 . In an embodiment, the holes  404  are formed in both the vertical surface  1506  and the horizontal surface  1504 , such that a front protrusion  602  may be lowered through the hole in the horizontal surface  1504  and rest in the notch formed in the vertical surface  1506 , such that the front protrusion  602  is substantially flush with the horizontal surface  1504 . 
       FIGS. 29 a  and 29 b    provide detailed views of a ring  306  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the ring  306  is substantially circular. Three notches  1602  are located in the outer circumference of the ring  306 . These notches  1602  are positioned and sized so as to accommodate the vertical bars  304 . A pair of notches  1604  and  1606  are located in the inner circumference of the ring  306  and are sized so as to accommodate the lateral sides of the backplane  302 . 
       FIG. 30  provides a detailed view of a backplane  302  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, in an embodiment, the backplane includes a protrusion  1702  sized so as to fit into a corresponding notch in the base plate  202 . 
       FIG. 31  provides a detailed view of a vertical bar  304  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, a series of openings  506  run substantially the length of the vertical bar  304 . 
       FIG. 32  is a detailed view of a locking bar  402  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the locking bar  402  comprises a pair of openings  1902  to permit fasteners to be inserted through the locking bar  402  in order to secure the locking bar  402  to a front bar  308 . 
       FIGS. 33 a  and 33 b    are detailed views of a base plate  202  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The base plate  202  is substantially rectangular in cross section. Four openings  2006  located in the corners of the base plate  202  allow the base plate  202  to easily be secured to a surface, such as the ground. A substantially circular cutout  2008  is located in the center of the base plate  202 , with two notches  2002  sized and located so as to hold the bottom edge of a backplane  302 . Three notches  2004  located around the circular cutout  2008  are sized and located so as to support the lower edges of the vertical bars  304 . 
       FIG. 34  provides a detailed view of a flange  104  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the flange  104  includes a plurality of openings, permitting the flange  104  to be easily attached to a base plate  202 . 
       FIGS. 35 a  and 35 b    provide detailed views of a bumper  902  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the bumper  902  includes an opening  2202  so as to be mounted to the frame  300 . The bumper  902  may be attached using a bolt or other connector. 
     It is understood that the preceding is merely a detailed description of some examples and embodiments of the present invention and that numerous changes to the disclosed embodiments may be made in accordance with the disclosure made herein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. The preceding description, therefore, is not meant to limit the scope of the invention but to provide sufficient disclosure to allow one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention without undue burden.