Patent Publication Number: US-8109599-B2

Title: Liquid ejection apparatus and method of inspecting cleaning apparatus of liquid ejection apparatus

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a liquid ejection apparatus and a method of inspecting a cleaning apparatus thereof, and more particularly to a liquid ejection apparatus having a cleaning apparatus which wipes an ejection port surface of the liquid ejection apparatus with a wiping member, and to a method of inspecting the cleaning apparatus. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Conventionally, a liquid ejection apparatus, such as an inkjet recording apparatus, is known, which comprises an inkjet head (liquid droplet ejection head) having an arrangement of a plurality of nozzles (liquid droplet ejection ports) which eject liquid, such as an ink, in the form of liquid droplets, and which forms images on a recording medium by ejecting ink (ink droplets) from the nozzles toward the recording medium while causing the inkjet head and the recording medium to move relatively to each other. 
     The inkjet recording apparatus ejects ink from the nozzles toward a recording medium conveyed in the near vicinity of the nozzles, and hence the ink ejected onto the recording medium may be propelled back and adhere to the nozzle surface (the surface in which the nozzles of the liquid droplet ejection head are formed), a portion of the ejected ink may remain on the nozzle surface, and dirt, such as paper dust from the conveyed recording medium, may adhere to the nozzle surface. When the nozzle surface becomes soiled in this way, then ejection defects arise in that the direction of flight of the ink droplets ejected from the nozzles is bent, or the nozzles become blocked and ink can no longer be ejected from the nozzles. Therefore, in the related art, various methods are known for cleaning the nozzle surface. 
     For example, in the related art, a head cleaning method is widely used in which the nozzle surface is wiped with a blade (wiper) which is made of a soft material, such as rubber, thereby removing adhering material about the periphery of the nozzles. However, in this method, since the wiping is carried out while the blade makes contact with the nozzle surface, then the blade gradually wears or deteriorates. In the case of a blade which has suffered deterioration in this way, in addition to decline in the cleaning properties, depending on the circumstances, there are also possibilities that the nozzle surface will be damaged by the worn blade, and that the surface treatment, such a lyophobic treatment, on the nozzle surface, will be degraded. 
     In response to this, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-95881 discloses a cleaning performance identification device which identifies the cleaning performance of a wiping device including a blade member. The cleaning performance identification device is composed in such a manner that the cleaning performance is restored in accordance with the identified cleaning performance. In particular, an abutting pressure determination device is provided which determines the abutting pressure between the ejection surface and the blade member. By measuring this abutting pressure, the amount of wear of the blade member is identified and the abutting conditions of the blade member are controlled accordingly. 
     However, the technology described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-95881 determines the abutting pressure of the whole of the edge portion of a blade member; therefore, while it is able to judge decline in cleaning properties due to overall wear in the edge portion of the blade member, it is not able to determine slight partial changes in the shape of the edge portion of the blade member. 
     On the other hand, if the edge portion of the blade member is worn locally, creating, for example, a wedge shape, due to a solid body attached to the nozzle surface or the step difference in the edge or the counter-bore sections of the nozzles, or the like, then the cleaning properties of the nozzle surface decline markedly since it becomes difficult to wipe the nozzle surface with the worn portions of the blade, hence producing stripe-shaped unwiped regions on the surface in these regions. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention has been contrived in view of these circumstances, an object thereof being to provide a liquid ejection apparatus comprising a cleaning apparatus, and a method of inspecting the cleaning apparatus, whereby a slight partial change in the edge shape of the tip section of a wiping member which wipes a nozzle surface can be determined, and furthermore the replacement timing for the wiping member can be predicted and the frequency of replacement of the wiping member can be reduced. 
     In order to attain the aforementioned object, the present invention is directed to a liquid ejection apparatus, comprising: a liquid ejection head which includes a nozzle plate forming a nozzle surface in which nozzles ejecting droplets of a first liquid are provided; a wiping member which wipes the nozzle surface; an edge determination device which includes a determination plate with which a front tip portion of the wiping member wiping the nozzle surface can make contact, and determines an edge shape of the front tip portion of the wiping member according to a state of the determination plate; and a judgment device which judges timing of replacing the wiping member, according to the edge shape determined by the edge determination device. 
     Consequently, it is possible to determine the edge shape of the front tip portion of the wiping member accurately, and therefore it is possible to judge the replacement timing of the wiping member accurately, as well as ensuring stable wiping characteristics, reducing the replacement frequency of the wiping member, and enhancing productivity. 
     Desirably, the edge determination device comprises: an imaging device capturing an image of a contact trace left on the determination plate, the contact trace being created when the front tip portion of the wiping member is brought into contact with the determination plate so that a second liquid adhering to the front tip portion of the wiping member is deposited on the determination plate; and an image processing unit which processes the captured image of the contact trace. 
     By measuring the edge trace which has been transferred onto the determination plate in this way, rather than directly measuring the edge shape of the front tip portion of the wiping member, it is possible to determine a slight change in the edge shape. 
     Desirably, the second liquid adhering to the front tip portion of the wiping member is the first liquid which has been ejected from the liquid ejection head and which has become attached to the front tip portion due to wiping the nozzle surface by the wiping member. 
     By depositing the liquid (ink) ejected from the liquid ejection head, which has been wiped by the wiping member, directly onto the determination plate in this way, it is possible to determine the edge shape by means of a simple apparatus composition. 
     Desirably, the liquid ejection apparatus further comprises an application device which applies an application liquid to the front tip portion of the wiping member, and the second liquid which adheres to the front tip portion of the wiping member is the application liquid which is applied by the application device. 
     Desirably, the application liquid is a liquid ejected from the liquid ejection head. 
     The application liquid may be the same in the type as the first liquid ejected from the liquid ejection head. 
     Desirably, the application liquid is lower in at least one of surface tension and viscosity than the first liquid ejected from the liquid ejection head. 
     By selecting an application liquid which is suitable for the edge determination in accordance with the type of liquid (ink) ejected by the liquid ejection head, it is possible readily to determine the edge. 
     Desirably, the judgment device compares a length of a missing edge part of the edge shape determined by the edge determination device, with a threshold value, to judge the timing of replacing the wiping member. 
     Desirably, the judgment device compares a ratio between a maximum value and a minimum value of width of the edge shape determined by the edge determination device, with a threshold value, to judge the timing of replacing the wiping member. 
     By judging the replacement timing of the wiping member from the width of the edge in this way, it is possible to judge the replacement timing accurately, as well as ensuring stable wiping characteristics in the wiping member. 
     Desirably, the edge determination device further includes: a plurality of piezoelectric elements which generate electrical signals when the wiping member makes contact with the determination plate; and a signal processing unit which converts the electrical signals generated by the plurality of piezoelectric elements into image information. 
     Since the edge shape is determined by measuring the pressure, rather than depositing liquid on the determination plate and determining the trace of the liquid, it is not necessary to include processing for cleaning the determination plate on which liquid has been deposited and applying an application liquid to the wiping member, and so on, and therefore the composition of the apparatus is simplified. 
     In order to attain the aforementioned object, the present invention is also directed to a method of inspecting a cleaning apparatus of a liquid ejection apparatus, comprising the steps of wiping a nozzle surface of a nozzle plate where nozzles ejecting droplets of liquid are formed, of a liquid ejection head, by means of a wiping member of the cleaning apparatus of the liquid ejection head; bringing a front tip portion of the wiping member which has wiped the nozzle surface, into contact with a determination plate; determining an edge shape of the front tip portion of the wiping member by determining a contact trace of the front tip portion left on the determination plate; and judging timing for replacing the wiping member according to the determined edge shape of the front tip portion of the wiping member. 
     Consequently, it is possible to determine the edge shape of the front tip portion of the wiping member accurately, and therefore it is possible to judge the replacement timing of the wiping member accurately, as well as ensuring stable wiping characteristics, reducing the replacement frequency of the wiping member, and enhancing productivity. 
     As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to determine the edge shape of the front tip portion of the wiping member accurately, and therefore it is possible to judge the replacement timing of the wiping member accurately, as well as ensuring stable wiping characteristics, reducing the replacement frequency of the wiping member, and enhancing productivity. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The nature of this invention, as well as other objects and benefits thereof, will be explained in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a general compositional view showing an embodiment of an inkjet recording apparatus using an inkjet head relating to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a plan view of the principal part of the peripheral area of a print unit in the inkjet recording apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3A  is a plan perspective diagram showing an example of the structure of a head, and  FIG. 3B  is a partial enlarged diagram of same; 
         FIG. 4  is a plan perspective diagram showing a further example of the structure of a head; 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional diagram along line  5 - 5  in  FIGS. 3A and 3B ; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic drawing showing the composition of an ink supply system in the inkjet recording apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 7A to 7D  are illustrative diagrams showing an aspect of determining the edge shape of the front tip of the wiping section of a wiper blade which constitutes a cleaning apparatus; 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are illustrative diagrams each showing an ink trace of the front tip portion of a wiping section which has been transferred onto a determination plate; 
         FIG. 9  is an oblique diagram showing a further example of a wiper blade; 
         FIG. 10  is a flowchart showing a method of determining the edge shape of a wiping section of a wiper blade and judging the replacement timing; 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart showing processing of a suctioning routine; 
         FIG. 12  is a flowchart showing processing of an image analyzing routine; 
         FIG. 13  is a compositional diagram showing an overview of an edge shape determination device for a wiping member of a cleaning apparatus in an inkjet recording apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a right-hand side diagram of the edge shape determination device in  FIG. 13 ; 
         FIG. 15  is a flowchart showing an edge shape determination method for a wiping member according to the second embodiment; 
         FIG. 16  is a plan diagram showing a determination plate according to a third embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 17  is a compositional diagram showing an overview of a device for determining the edge shape of a wiping member relating to the third embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  is a general schematic drawing of a first embodiment of an inkjet recording apparatus which forms a liquid ejection apparatus relating to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the inkjet recording apparatus  10  comprises: a print unit  12  having a plurality of print heads (inkjet recording heads)  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y for respective ink colors; an ink storing and loading unit  14  for storing inks of K, C, M and Y to be supplied to the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y; a paper supply unit  18  for supplying recording paper  16 ; a decurling unit  20  for removing curl in the recording paper  16 ; a suction belt conveyance unit  22  disposed facing the nozzle face (ink-droplet ejection face) of the print unit  12 , for conveying the recording paper  16  while keeping the recording paper  16  flat; a print determination unit  24  for reading the printed result produced by the print unit  12 ; and a paper output unit  26  for outputting image-printed recording paper (printed matter) to the exterior. 
     In  FIG. 1 , a magazine for rolled paper (continuous paper) is shown as an example of the paper supply unit  18 ; however, a plurality of magazines with paper differences such as paper width and quality may be jointly provided. Moreover, papers may be supplied with cassettes that contain cut papers loaded in layers and that are used jointly or in lieu of the magazine for rolled paper. 
     In the case of the configuration in which roll paper is used, a cutter  28  is provided as shown in  FIG. 1 , and the continuous paper is cut into a desired size by the cutter  28 . The cutter  28  has a stationary blade  28 A, whose length is not less than the width of the conveyor pathway of the recording paper  16 , and a round blade  28 B, which moves along the stationary blade  28 A. The stationary blade  28 A is disposed on the reverse side of the printed surface of the recording paper  16 , and the round blade  28 B is disposed on the printed surface side across the conveyor pathway. When cut papers are used, the cutter  28  is not required. 
     In the case of a configuration in which a plurality of types of recording paper can be used, it is preferable that an information recording medium such as a bar code and a wireless tag containing information about the type of paper is attached to the magazine, and by reading the information contained in the information recording medium with a predetermined reading device, the type of paper to be used is automatically determined, and ink-droplet ejection is controlled so that the ink-droplets are ejected in an appropriate manner in accordance with the type of paper. 
     The recording paper  16  delivered from the paper supply unit  18  retains curl due to having been loaded in the magazine. In order to remove the curl, heat is applied to the recording paper  16  in the decurling unit  20  by a heating drum  30  in the direction opposite to the curl direction in the magazine. At this time, the heating temperature is preferably controlled in such a manner that the recording paper  16  has a curl in which the surface on which the print is to be made is slightly rounded in the outward direction. 
     The decurled and cut recording paper  16  is delivered to the suction belt conveyance unit  22 . The suction belt conveyance unit  22  has a configuration in which an endless belt  33  is set around rollers  31  and  32  so that the portion of the endless belt  33  facing at least the nozzle face of the print unit  12  and the sensor face of the print determination unit  24  forms a plane (flat plane). 
     The belt  33  has a width that is greater than the width of the recording paper  16 , and a plurality of suction apertures (not shown) are formed on the belt surface. A suction chamber  34  is disposed in a position facing the sensor surface of the print determination unit  24  and the nozzle surface of the print unit  12  on the interior side of the belt  33 , which is set around the rollers  31  and  32 , as shown in  FIG. 1 . The suction chamber  34  provides suction with a fan  35  to generate a negative pressure, and the recording paper  16  on the belt  33  is held by suction. 
     The belt  33  is driven in the clockwise direction in  FIG. 1  by the motive force of a motor (not shown) being transmitted to at least one of the rollers  31  and  32 , which the belt  33  is set around, and the recording paper  16  held on the belt  33  is conveyed from left to right in  FIG. 1 . 
     Since ink adheres to the belt  33  when a marginless print job and the like are performed, a belt-cleaning unit  36  is disposed in a predetermined position (a suitable position outside the printing area) on the exterior side of the belt  33 . Although the details of the configuration of the belt-cleaning unit  36  are not shown, examples thereof include a configuration in which the belt  33  is nipped with cleaning rollers such as a brush roller and a water absorbent roller, an air blow configuration in which clean air is blown onto the belt  33 , and a combination of these. In the case of the configuration in which the belt  33  is nipped with the cleaning rollers, it is preferable to make the line velocity of the cleaning rollers different from that of the belt  33  to improve the cleaning effects. 
     The inkjet recording apparatus  10  can comprise a roller nip conveyance mechanism, in which the recording paper  16  is pinched and conveyed with nip rollers, instead of the suction belt conveyance unit  22 . However, there is a drawback in the roller nip conveyance mechanism that the print tends to be smeared when the printing area is conveyed by the roller nip action because the nip roller makes contact with the printed surface of the paper immediately after printing. Therefore, the suction belt conveyance in which nothing comes into contact with the image surface in the printing area is preferable as per an embodiment of the present invention. 
     A heating fan  40  is disposed on the upstream side of the print unit  12  in the conveyance pathway formed by the suction belt conveyance unit  22 . The heating fan  40  blows heated air onto the recording paper  16  to heat the recording paper  16  immediately before printing so that the ink deposited on the recording paper  16  dries more easily. 
     The print unit  12  is a so-called “full line head” in which a line head having a length corresponding to the maximum paper width is arranged in a direction (main scanning direction) that is perpendicular to the paper conveyance direction (sub-scanning direction) (see  FIG. 2 ). 
     Each of the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y is constituted by a line head, in which a plurality of ink ejection ports (nozzles) are arranged along a length that exceeds at least one side of the maximum-size recording paper  16  intended for use in the inkjet recording apparatus  10 , as shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     The print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y are arranged in the order of black (K), cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) from the upstream side (left side in  FIG. 1 ), along the conveyance direction of the recording paper  16  (paper conveyance direction). A color image can be formed on the recording paper  16  by ejecting the inks from the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y, respectively, onto the recording paper  16  while conveying the recording paper  16 . 
     The print unit  12 , in which the full-line heads covering the entire width of the paper are thus provided for the respective ink colors, can record an image over the entire surface of the recording paper  16  by performing the action of moving the recording paper  16  and the print unit  12  relative to each other in the paper conveyance direction (sub-scanning direction) just once (in other words, by means of a single sub-scan). Higher-speed printing is thereby made possible and productivity can be improved in comparison with a shuttle type head configuration in which a print head moves reciprocally in the direction (main-scanning direction) that is perpendicular to the paper conveyance direction. 
     Here, the terms of “main scanning direction” and “sub-scanning direction” are used in the following senses. More specifically, in a full-line head comprising rows of nozzles corresponding to the entire width of the recording paper, the “main scanning” is defined as printing a line (a line formed of a row of dots, or a line formed of a plurality of rows of dots) in the breadthways direction of the recording paper (the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the recording paper) by driving the nozzles in one of the following ways: (1) simultaneously driving all the nozzles; (2) sequentially driving the nozzles from one side toward the other; and (3) dividing the nozzles into blocks and sequentially driving the blocks of the nozzles from one side toward the other. The direction indicated by one line recorded by the main scanning action (the lengthwise direction of the band-shaped region thus recorded) is called the “main scanning direction”. 
     On the other hand, “sub-scanning” is defined as to repeatedly perform printing of a line (a line formed of a row of dots, or a line formed of a plurality of rows of dots) formed by the main scanning, while moving the full-line head and the recording paper relatively to each other. The direction in which sub-scanning is performed is called the sub-scanning direction. Consequently, the conveyance direction of the recording paper is the sub-scanning direction and the direction perpendicular to it is called the main scanning direction. 
     Moreover, although the configuration with the KCMY four standard colors is described in the present embodiment, combinations of the ink colors and the number of colors are not limited to those. Light inks and dark inks can be added as required. For example, a configuration is possible in which print heads for ejecting light-colored inks such as light cyan and light magenta are added. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the ink storing and loading unit  14  has ink tanks for storing the inks of the colors corresponding to the respective print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y, and the respective tanks are connected to the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y by means of channels (not shown). The ink storing and loading unit  14  has a warning device (for example, a display device or an alarm sound generator) for warning when the remaining amount of any ink is low, and has a mechanism for preventing loading errors among the colors. 
     The print determination unit  24  has an image sensor (line sensor or the like) for capturing an image of the ink-droplet deposition result of the print unit  12 , and functions as a device to check for ejection defects such as clogs of the nozzles in the print unit  12  from the ink-droplet deposition results evaluated by the image sensor. 
     The print determination unit  24  of the present embodiment is configured with at least a line sensor having rows of photoelectric transducing elements with a width that is greater than the ink-droplet ejection width (image recording width) of the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y. This line sensor has a color separation line CCD sensor including a red (R) sensor row composed of photoelectric transducing elements (pixels) arranged in a line provided with an R filter, a green (G) sensor row with a G filter, and a blue (B) sensor row with a B filter. Instead of a line sensor, it is possible to use an area sensor composed of photoelectric transducing elements which are arranged two-dimensionally. 
     The print determination unit  24  reads a test pattern or the target image printed by the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y of the respective colors, and performs ejection determination for each head. The ejection determination includes detection of the ejection, measurement of the dot size, and measurement of the dot formation position. 
     A post-drying unit  42  is disposed following the print determination unit  24 . The post-drying unit  42  is a device to dry the printed image surface, and includes a heating fan, for example. It is preferable to avoid contact with the printed surface until the printed ink dries, and a device that blows heated air onto the printed surface is preferable. 
     In cases in which printing is performed with dye-based ink on porous paper, blocking the pores of the paper by the application of pressure prevents the ink from coming contact with ozone and other substances that cause dye molecules to break down, and has the effect of increasing the durability of the print. 
     A heating/pressurizing unit  44  is disposed following the post-drying unit  42 . The heating/pressurizing unit  44  is a device to control the glossiness of the image surface, and the image surface is pressed with a pressure roller  45  having a predetermined uneven surface shape while the image surface is heated, and the uneven shape is transferred to the image surface. 
     The printed matter generated in this manner is outputted from the paper output unit  26 . The target print (i.e., the result of printing the target image) and the test print are preferably outputted separately. In the inkjet recording apparatus  10 , a sorting device (not shown) is provided for switching the outputting pathways in order to sort the printed matter with the target print and the printed matter with the test print, and to send them to paper output units  26 A and  26 B, respectively. When the target print and the test print are simultaneously formed in parallel on the same large sheet of paper, the test print portion is cut and separated by a cutter (second cutter)  48 . The cutter  48  is disposed directly before the paper output unit  26 , and is used for cutting the test print portion from the target print portion when a test print has been performed in the blank portion of the target print. The structure of the cutter  48  is the same as the first cutter  28  described above, and has a stationary blade  48 A and a round blade  48 B. 
     Although not shown in the Figures, the paper output unit  26 A for the target prints is provided with a sorter for collecting prints according to print orders. 
     Next, the print head will be described. The print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M and  12 Y of the respective ink colors have the same structure, and a reference numeral  50  is hereinafter designated to any of the print heads. In  FIG. 3A , a perspective plan view showing the head  50  according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided. 
       FIG. 3A  is a perspective plan view showing an example of the configuration of the head  50 ,  FIG. 3B  is an enlarged view of a portion thereof,  FIG. 4  is a perspective plan view showing another example of the configuration of the head, and  FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view taken along the line  5 - 5  in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , showing the inner structure of a droplet ejection element (an ink chamber unit for one nozzle  51 ). 
     The nozzle pitch in the head  50  should be minimized in order to maximize the density of the dots printed on the surface of the recording paper  16 . As shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the head  50  according to the present embodiment has a structure in which a plurality of ink chamber units (droplet ejection elements)  53 , each comprising a nozzle  51  forming an ink droplet ejection port, a pressure chamber  52  corresponding to the nozzle  51 , and the like, are disposed two-dimensionally in the form of a staggered matrix, and hence the effective nozzle interval (the projected nozzle pitch) as projected in the lengthwise direction of the head (the direction perpendicular to the paper conveyance direction) is reduced and high nozzle density is achieved. 
     The mode of forming one or more nozzle rows through a length corresponding to the entire width of the recording paper  16  in a direction substantially perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the recording paper  16  is not limited to the example described above. For example, instead of the configuration in  FIG. 3A , as shown in  FIG. 4 , a line head having nozzle rows of a length corresponding to the entire width of the recording paper  16  can be formed by arranging and combining, in a staggered matrix, short head units  50 ′ having a plurality of nozzles  51  arrayed in a two-dimensional fashion. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the planar shape of the pressure chamber  52  provided for each nozzle  51  is substantially a square, and an outlet to the nozzle  51  and an inlet of supplied ink (supply port)  54  are disposed in both corners on a diagonal line of the square. The shape of the pressure chamber  52  is not limited to that of the present example and various modes are possible in which the planar shape is a quadrilateral shape (diamond shape, rectangular shape, or the like), a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, or other polygonal shape, or a circular shape, elliptical shape, or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , each pressure chamber  52  is connected to a common channel  55  through the supply port  54 . The common channel  55  is connected to an ink tank (not shown in  FIG. 5 ), which is a base tank that supplies ink, and the ink supplied from the ink tank is delivered through the common flow channel  55  in  FIG. 5  to the pressure chambers  52 . 
     Actuators  58  each provided with an individual electrode  57  are bonded to a pressure plate  56  (a diaphragm) which forms the ceiling of one portion (in  FIG. 5 , the ceiling) of the pressure chambers  52 . When a drive voltage is applied to the individual electrode  57 , the actuator  58  is deformed, the volume of the pressure chamber  52  is thereby changed, and the pressure in the pressure chamber  52  is thereby changed, so that the ink inside the pressure chamber  52  is thus ejected through the nozzle  51 . The actuator  58  is preferably a piezoelectric element. When ink is ejected, new ink is supplied to the pressure chamber  52  from the common flow channel  55  through the supply port  54 . 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic drawing showing the configuration of the ink supply system in the inkjet recording apparatus  10 . The ink tank  60  is a base tank that supplies ink to the print head  50  and is set in the ink storing and loading unit  14  described with reference to  FIG. 1 . The aspects of the ink tank  60  include a refillable type and a cartridge type: when the remaining amount of ink is low, the ink tank  60  of the refillable type is filled with ink through a filling port (not shown) and the ink tank  60  of the cartridge type is replaced with a new one. In order to change the ink type in accordance with the intended application, the cartridge type is suitable, and it is preferable to represent the ink type information with a bar code or the like on the cartridge, and to perform ejection control in accordance with the ink type. The ink tank  60  in  FIG. 6  is equivalent to the ink storing and loading unit  14  in  FIG. 1  described above. 
     A filter  62  for removing foreign matters and bubbles is disposed in the middle of the channel connecting the ink tank  60  and the print head  50  as shown in  FIG. 6 . The filter mesh size of the print head  50  is preferably equivalent to or less than the diameter of the nozzle and commonly about 20 μm. 
     Although not shown in  FIG. 6 , it is preferable to provide a sub-tank integrally to the print head  50  and nearby the print head  50 . The sub-tank has a damper function for preventing variation in the internal pressure of the head and a function for improving refilling of the print head. 
     The inkjet recording apparatus  10  is also provided with a cap  64  as a device to prevent the nozzles from drying out and to prevent an increase in the ink viscosity in the vicinity of the nozzles, and a wiper blade (cleaning blade)  66  constituting a cleaning device for the nozzle face  50 A. 
     A maintenance unit comprising the cap  64  and the wiper blade  66  is arranged outside the conveyance path of the recording medium  16 , and the print head  50  is moved to a wiping position by a head movement device, which is not shown in the drawings. Alternatively, the maintenance unit may be designed to be movable with respect to the print head  50 , in such a manner that the maintenance unit is moved to a maintenance position below the print head  50  from a prescribed withdrawn position, as and when necessary. 
     The cap  64  is displaced up and down relatively with respect to the print head  50  by an elevator mechanism (not shown). When the power of the inkjet recording apparatus  10  is turned OFF or when the apparatus is in a standby state for printing, the elevator mechanism raises the cap  64  to a predetermined elevated position so as to come into close contact with the print head  50 , and the nozzle region of the nozzle surface  50 A is thereby covered by the cap  64 . 
     The wiper blade  66  is composed by an elastic member such as rubber, a porous body or resin, and can slide in the recording medium conveyance direction on the ink ejection surface (nozzle surface  50 A) of the print head  50  by means of a blade movement device There are no particular restrictions on the blade movement device, but it is also suitable to use, for example, a ball screw conveyance device, a belt and pulley conveyance device, a rack and pinion conveyance device, or the like. 
     If there are ink droplets or foreign matter adhering to the nozzle surface  50 A, then the nozzle surface  50 A is wiped by causing the wiper blade  66  to slide over the nozzle surface  50 A, thereby cleaning same. A plurality of wiper blades  66  provided respectively for the print heads  50  of the respective colors ( 12 K,  12 C,  12 M,  12 Y) may be moved in a unified fashion, or they each may be used individually. 
     The inkjet recording apparatus  10  forming the liquid droplet ejection apparatus relating to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a device which judges the replacement timing of the wiper blade  66  by determining the edge shape of the front tip section of the wiping blade  66  constituting a cleaning apparatus, which makes contact with the nozzle surface  50 A, and this device is described in further detail hereinafter. 
     During printing or standby, when the frequency of use of specific nozzles  51  is reduced and ink viscosity increases in the vicinity of the nozzles  51 , a preliminary discharge is made toward the cap  64  to eject the ink degraded due to the increase in viscosity. 
     Also, when bubbles have become intermixed in the ink inside the print head  50  (the ink inside the pressure chamber  52 ), the cap  64  is placed on the print head  50 , the ink inside the pressure chamber  52  (the ink in which bubbles have become intermixed) is removed by suction with a suction pump  67 , and the suction-removed ink is sent to a collection tank  68 . This suction action is carried out when ink is initially loaded into the head and when service has started after a long period of being stopped, and entails the suctioning and removing of degraded ink whose viscosity has increased (hardened). 
     More specifically, when a state in which ink is not ejected from the print head  50  continues for a certain amount of time or longer, the ink solvent in the vicinity of the nozzles  51  evaporates and ink viscosity increases. In such a state, ink can no longer be ejected from the nozzles  51  even if the pressure generating devices (piezoelectric elements) for the ejection driving is operated. Before reaching such a state (in a viscosity range that allows ejection by the operation of the pressure generating device), the pressure generating devices are operated to perform the preliminary discharge to eject the ink whose viscosity has increased in the vicinity of the nozzles toward the ink receptor. After the nozzle surface  50 A is cleaned by a wiping member such as the wiper blade  66  provided as a device constituting a cleaning device for the nozzle surface  50 A, the preliminary discharge is also carried out in order to prevent the foreign matter from becoming mixed inside the nozzles  51  by the wiper sliding operation. The preliminary discharge is also referred to as “dummy discharge”, “purge”, “liquid discharge”, and so on. 
     When bubbles have become intermixed inside the nozzle  51  or the pressure chamber  52 , or when the ink viscosity inside the nozzle  51  has increased over a certain level, ink can no longer be ejected by the preliminary discharge, and a suctioning action is carried out as described above. 
     More specifically, when bubbles have become intermixed in the ink inside the nozzle  51  or the pressure chamber  52 , ink can no longer be ejected from the nozzle  51  even if the pressure generating device is operated. Also, when the ink viscosity inside the nozzle  51  has increased over a certain level, ink can no longer be ejected from the nozzle  51  even if the pressure generating device is operated. In these cases, with the cap  64  being placed on the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50 , operation is performed to suction the ink in which bubbles have become intermixed or the ink whose viscosity has increased inside the pressure chamber  52  with the suction pump  67 . 
     However, since this suction action is performed with respect to all the ink in the pressure chambers  52 , the amount of ink consumption is considerable. Therefore, a preferred aspect is one in which a preliminary discharge is performed when the increase in the viscosity of the ink is small. The cap  64  illustrated in  FIG. 6  functions as a suctioning device and it can also function as an ink receptacle for preliminary ejection. 
     Moreover, desirably, the inside of the cap  64  is divided by means of partitions into a plurality of areas corresponding to the nozzle rows, thereby achieving a composition in which suction can be performed selectively in each of the demarcated areas, by means of selectors, or the like. 
     Next, the device which determines the state of the edge of the wiping portion of the wiper blade  66  constituting the cleaning apparatus of the print head  50  and which judges the replacement timing of the wiper blade  66  will be described in more detail. 
       FIGS. 7A to 7D  show states of determining the edge shape of the front tip section of the wiper blade  66  which constitutes the cleaning apparatus of the print head  50 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 7A to 7D , the wiper blade  66  comprises a wiping section  66   a  which wipes the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50 , and a supporting section  66   b  which supports the wiping section  66   a  and moves along the nozzle surface  50 A. The wiping section  66   a  is made of an elastic member, such as HNBR, silicone, EPDM, or the like. 
     Furthermore, a determination plate  70  is disposed on the outer side of one end portion of the print head  50 , so as to form substantially the same plane as the nozzle surface  50 A, in the direction of extension of the nozzle surface  50 A. The determination plate  70  functions as a device onto which ink adhering to the wiping section  66   a  of the wiper blade  66  is deposited by causing the wiping section  66   a  to make contact with the determination plate  70 , and thereby the edge shape of the wiping section  66   a  is transferred to the determination plate  70 . 
     Furthermore, there are also provided: a line CCD  72  which captures an image of the trace of ink (edge shape trace) which has adhered to the surface of the determination plate  70 ; an image processing unit  73  which analyzes the image of the ink trace (edge trace) read in by the line CCD  72  to determine the edge shape of the wiping member (wiping section  66   a ); and a judgment unit  75  which judges the replacement timing of the wiping member on the basis of the determined edge shape. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7A , the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  of the wiper blade  66  projects out by a length “d” beyond the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50 . 
     Thereby, as shown in  FIG. 7B , when the supporting section  66   b  is moved along the nozzle surface  50 A as indicated by the arrow, then the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  slides on and wipes the nozzle surface  50 A. The amount of overlap, d, between the wiping section  66   a  and the print head  50  is also called the amount of contact or the amount of overlap. This value d may be, for example, 1 to 2 μmm. By wiping the nozzle surface  50 A with the wiping section  66   a  in this way, the ink on the nozzle surface  50 A becomes attached to the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a.    
     Next, as shown in  FIG. 7C , after the wiping section  66   a  of the wiper blade  66  has wiped over the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50 , the wiper blade  66  then is moved so that the wiping section  66   a  wipes, in a continuous fashion, over the determination plate  70  forming substantially the same flat surface as the nozzle surface  50 A, and is then halted in a substantially central portion of the determination plate  70 . In this case, since the ink on the nozzle surface  50 A has adhered to the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a , then a trace (contact trace) formed by the contact of the wiping section  66   a  is transferred to the surface of the determination plate  70 . By this means, the edge shape of the wiping section  66   a  is transferred to the determination plate  70 . 
     Thereupon, as shown in  FIG. 7D , the wiper blade  66  is moved downwards in such a manner that the wiping section  66   a  is separated from the determination plate  70 , and then waits at a standby position. On the other hand, the line CCD  72  is moved to a position beneath the determination plate  70  and captures an image of the edge trace transferred to the surface of the determination plate  70  due to the contact of the wiping section  66   a  of the wiper blade  66 . 
     The image of the edge trace on the surface of the determination plate  70  which is captured by the line CCD  72  is sent to the image processing unit  73 , where it is subjected to image analysis, and the edge shape of the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  is determined accordingly. Thereupon, in the judgment unit  75 , the replacement timing of the wiping member is judged on the basis of the determined edge shape. 
     In order to determine the shape of the wiping section  66   a  from the edge trace (contact trace) of the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  left on the surface of the determination plate  70  in this way, it is suitable to use a determination plate  70  which has a high contrast with respect to the color of the ink being determined, so that the edge trace can be determined readily. For example, when determining black ink, it is desirable to use a white determination plate. 
     Furthermore, the material of the determination plate  70  may be an absorbing body which absorbs the ink, or it may be a non-absorbing body which does not absorb ink. When using a determination plate which is non-absorbent, the surface energy of the determination plate  70  is desirably set to a low energy, in order to allow ink to deposit thereon easily. Alternatively, it is also effective to provide small indentations in the surface of the determination plate  70 . In the case of a determination plate  70  which is not absorbent, after the determination process, the ink trace adhering to the determination plate  70  may be wiped away with the wiper blade  66 . 
     On the other hand, in the case of an absorbing body being used as the determination plate  70 , particles or something coated with particles which speed up the absorption of the ink in the direction perpendicular to the determination surface may be attached to the determination plate  70  so that the adhering ink tends to be absorbed into the determination plate  70  before spreading in the horizontal direction of the determination surface. For example, a so-called glossy inkjet paper may be attached to the determination plate. In these cases, accurate measurement of the edge shape of the wiping section  66   a  is possible. In the case of an absorbent body being used as the determination plate  70 , when the edge shape of the wiping section  66   a  is to be determined again, the absorbent paper, or the like, attached to the surface of the determination plate  70  is replaced. 
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  show ink traces (contact traces) of the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  which are left on the determination plate  70 . 
     As described above, since the wiping section  66   a  is made to wipe over the surface of the determination plate  70  and is then halted in substantially the central portion of the determination plate  70 , then as shown in  FIGS. 8A and 8B , a straight line-shaped dark ink trace  74  which indicates the halting of the wiping section  66   a  is formed as an edge trace in substantially the central portion of the determination plate  70 .  FIGS. 8A and 8B  show states where the trace created by the wiping section  66   a  rubbing over the surface of the determination plate  70  is formed thinly, to the left-hand side of the straight line-shaped ink trace  74 ; if the determination plate  70  is an absorbing body, then a wiping trace is left in this way, whereas if the determination plate  70  is a non-absorbing body, then a wiping trace of this kind is not left. 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 8A , the ink trace  74  has a large-width portion  74   a  and a narrow-width portion  74   b . The narrow-width portion  74   b  is considered to indicate wearing of the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a . By analyzing the image of the surface of the determination plate  70  which has been captured by the line CCD  72 , the width d 1  of the large-width portion  74   a  and the width d 2  of the narrow-width portion  74   b  of the ink trace  74  are determined. Furthermore, in the example shown in  FIG. 8B , a portion of the ink trace  74  is missing. In this case, the length d 3  of this missing portion (omitted portion)  76  is determined by image analysis. 
     By analyzing the image of the surface of the determination plate  70  captured by the line CCD  72 , in the image processing unit  73  in this way, the maximum width and minimum width of the ink trace  74 , the presence or absence of an omitted portion, and the length of the omitted portion are determined. On the basis of the determined values, the judgment unit  75  determines the wear of the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  of the wiper blade  66  and accordingly determines the requirement for replacement of the wiper blade  66  (wiping section  66   a ) and the replacement timing. 
     In this way, in the present embodiment, the edge shape of the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  of the wiper blade  66  is determined by means of the determination plate  70  onto which the ink can be transferred by placing the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  of the wiper blade  66  in contact with the determination plate  70 , the line CCD  72  which captures an image of ink trace  74  transferred to the determination plate  70 , and the image processing unit  73  and the judgment unit  75  which analyze the images that have been read in. 
     As described above, a composition which determines the edge shape of the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  indirectly, by determining the ink trace  74  created by placing the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  in contact with the determination plate  70 , is adopted. This is because, in the case of a method which determines the edge shape by capturing an image of the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  directly by means of an imaging apparatus, sufficient contrast between the worn portions of the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  and the unworn portions cannot be obtained, and therefore the imaging apparatus increases in size, the cost of the apparatus rises, and in order to capture a three-dimensional shape directly, the data volume becomes larger, greater time is required, efficiency becomes poorer, and furthermore, a corresponding storage capacity is also required. 
     Therefore, in the present embodiment, by transferring the edge trace (ink trace  74 ) of the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  once to the determination plate  70  as described above, the three-dimensional information is converted into two-dimensional information, and therefore the volume of information is reduced. Furthermore, during this transfer process, by using an application liquid having a high contrast with respect to the determination plate  70  (in the present embodiment, by using ink), as the liquid which is transferred from the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  to the determination plate  70 , then the edge shape is made prominent and can be read in accordingly. 
       FIG. 9  is a further example of a wiper blade. The wiping section  66   a ′ of the wiper blade  66 ′ shown in  FIG. 9  has a quadrilateral cylindrical shape in which the interior of a square-shaped bar is removed, and it comprises four wiping sections  66   a ′- 1 ,  66   a ′- 2 ,  66   a ′- 3  and  66   a ′- 4 . Furthermore, the supporting section  66   b ′ to which the wiping sections  66   a ′ are fixed is rotatable as indicated by the arrows in  FIG. 9 , by means of a rotating mechanism which is not shown in  FIG. 9 . 
     Since the wiping operation in the present embodiment is performed only in one direction, as indicated in  FIGS. 7A to 7D , then if wiping has just been carried out by using wiping section  66   a ′- 1 , and if the wiping section  66   a ′- 1  is found to be worn, the supporting section  66   b ′ is rotated through 90° in the direction of the arrows in  FIG. 9 , and wiping is subsequently carried out by using the wiping section  66   a ′- 2 . Consequently, the four side portions of the wiper blade  66 ′ shown in  FIG. 9  can be used as wiping members. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the replacement frequency of the wiping section  66   a ′, accordingly. 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 9 , there are four wiping faces, and hence the replacement frequency of the wiping member can be reduced to ¼, compared to a case where there is one wiping face as shown in  FIGS. 7A to 7D . Furthermore, apart from a wiping member formed by removing a square bar shape, it is also possible to use a wiping member having three wiping faces formed by removing a triangular bar shape, or conversely, to provide a greater number of wiping faces. Moreover, it is desirable that the wiping width of one wiping face is greater than the wiping width of the print head  50 , since this makes it possible to complete wiping of the nozzle surface by means of one wiping action. 
     Furthermore, if using the side faces of a tube-shaped wiping member created by removing the interior of a square bar shape as the wiping surfaces in this way, a structure is obtained in which both ends of the wiping face are held by the end portions of other wiping faces, and therefore deformation, such as warping or bending at the end portions of the wiping face, is not liable to occur. Consequently, in the case of a method which transfers the shape of the front tip portion of the wiping section onto a determination plate and then determines the edge trace thereof as per the present embodiment, a merit is obtained in that the effects on the determination process which the shape of the end portion of the wiping section causes can be reduced. 
     Moreover, not only is it possible to lengthen the replacement timing by reducing the replacement frequency of the wiping member by being able to use the four side portions of the wiping section as the wiping surfaces, but also a structure is obtained in which both ends of the wiping surface are held by the end portions of other wiping surfaces, and therefore resistance to deterioration is enhanced, and the replacement timing can be increased yet further Furthermore, since a structure is achieved in which both ends of the wiping surface are held, then compared to the wiping member in which both the ends are not held as shown in  FIGS. 7A to 7D , it is possible to apply a more uniform wiping pressure over the whole of the nozzle surface of the print head, and therefore a merit is also obtained in that wiping non-uniformities are not liable to arise. 
     There follows a description of a method of determining the edge shape of the wiping section  66   a  of the wiper blade  66  and judging the replacement timing of the wiping member, by following the flowchart in  FIG. 10 . 
     When the inkjet recording apparatus  10  is transferred to maintenance mode) firstly, at step S 100  in  FIG. 10 , a suctioning routine is executed for performing a suctioning operation in order to forcibly remove the degraded ink from inside the print head  50 . 
       FIG. 11  shows the suctioning routine. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , in the suctioning routine, firstly, at step S 200 , the nozzle surface is capped. In other words, the cap  64  is placed in tight contact with the print head  50 , so that the nozzle region on the nozzle surface  50 A is covered with this cap  64 . 
     Thereupon, at step S 202 , with the cap  64  still placed in tight contact with the print head  50 , the suction pump  67  is driven and the interior of the cap is reduced to a negative pressure. The driving time of the suction pump  67  is managed by a timer T 1 . At step S 204 , it is judged whether or not the drive time has reached T 1 , the suction pump  67  is driven until the drive time has reached T 1 , and after time T 1  has elapsed, the driving of the suction pump  67  is halted, at step S 206 . By this means, the ink inside the print head  50  is suctioned, and ink becomes attached to the nozzle surface  50 A. 
     During suctioning, the back pressure of ink inside the print head  50  can be increased. By increasing the back pressure in this way in order to assist the suctioning force of the suction pump  67 , then it is possible to lower the capacity of the suction pump  67 . 
     After halting the driving of the suction pump  67 , this state is maintained without change until timer reaches time T 2 . The time period specified by the time T 2  is a time period for causing the material adhering to the nozzle surface  50 A to dissolve. Consequently, the adhering material on the nozzle surface  50 A is dissolved or separated reliably, and the subsequent wiping characteristics of the wiper blade  66  are improved. 
     In step S 208 , after halting the suction pump  67 , it is judged whether or not the time T 2  has elapsed, and when the time T 2  has elapsed, the suctioning routine ends, and the procedure returns to the main sequence shown in  FIG. 10 . 
     Thereupon, at step S 102  in  FIG. 10 , the wiping action of the nozzle surface  50 A by the wiper blade  66  is started. 
     More specifically, as shown in  FIG. 7A , the wiper blade  66  is moved from a standby position (withdrawn position) to a position where the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  makes contact with the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50 . In this case, as shown in  FIG. 7A , the amount of overlap between the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  and the nozzle surface  50 A (the contact amount or the overlap amount) is 1 to 2 mm. 
     The nozzle surface  50 A is sufficiently wetted by the adherence of ink due to the suctioning in step S 100 . This ink adhering to the nozzle surface  50 A is wiped so as to be swept away by the wiping section  66   a  of the wiper blade  66 . 
     Next, at step S 104 , it is judged whether or not to examine the wiping member. There are no particular restrictions on the timing of examining the wiping member, and this timing may be set, for example, to a timing after each set number of wiping actions, a timing specified by the user, a reset operation when a jam or the like has occurred, or a restoring operation after a long period out of use. The judgment of whether or not to examine the wiping member may be made before the maintenance sequence. 
     If it is judged at step S 104  that the examination of the wiping member is not carried out, then at step S 106 , the wiping member  66   a  is halted at a position where it has wiped the nozzle surface  50 A until the end portion of the print head  50 , and at step S 108 , the wiper blade  66  is withdrawn, the procedure advances to step S 124 , and the wiper blade  66  is moved to the home position and subsequently waits in this position. 
     On the other hand, if it is judged at step S 104  that the wiping member is to be examined, then at step S 110 , the wiper blade  66  which has wiped the nozzle surface  50 A until the end portion of the print head  50  is moved until the determination plate  70 , and the wiping section  66   a  is placed in contact with the surface of the determination plate  70 , as shown in  FIG. 7C . 
     At step S 112 , the wiper blade  66  is halted for a short time in a state where the wiping section  66   a  is in contact with the surface, in the vicinity of the central portion of the determination plate  70 . By halting the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  while the wiping section  66   a  is in contact with the surface of the determination plate  70 , the ink adhering to the wiping section  66   a  is transferred to the determination plate  70 . It is possible to increase the amount of ink transferred by halting the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  for a short time while it is in contact with the surface of the determination plate  70  as described above, and hence the determined edge traced can be made clearer. 
     Next, at step S 114 , the wiping section  66   a  is separated from the surface of the determination plate  70 , and the wiper blade  66  is moved to a standby position, as shown in  FIG. 7D . 
     When the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  is placed in contact with the surface of the determination plate  70  and the edge trace thereof is transferred to the determination plate  70  in this way, then if the surface of the determination plate  70  is positioned in the plane of extension of the nozzle surface  50 A in such a manner that the surface of the determination plate  70  is in substantially the same plane as the nozzle surface  50 A as shown in  FIGS. 7A to 7D , it is possible to wipe the surface of the determination plate  70  continuously after wiping the nozzle surface  50 A, and the wiping section  66   a  can be brought into contact with the surface of the determination plate  70  without a new motion of the wiper blade  66 . 
     Moreover, by disposing a determination plate  70  at a position which is higher than the nozzle surface  50 A by a distance that is smaller than the amount of overlap (amount of contact) between the wiping section  66   a  and the nozzle surface  50 A (for example, in the case of the amount of overlap is 2 mm, the determination plate  70  can be positioned 1 mm higher than the nozzle surface  50 A), then when the front tip portion of the wiping section  66   a  becomes worn, it becomes less liable to strike the surface of the determination plate  70  and hence the edge shape of the front tip portion can be examined more rigorously. 
     In this case, rather than fixing the installation position of the determination plate  70 , it is also possible to provide a mechanism which moves the determination plate  70  upward and downward. When the installation position of the determination plate  70  is raised, then it is possible to determine the edge under stricter conditions. Furthermore, if determination at a plurality of height positions is used in combination, then it is possible to determine the edge with a high degree of accuracy. Moreover, it is also possible to calculate the remaining number until reaching the threshold value at which replacement of the wiping member is judged to be necessary, in other words, the remaining number of wiping actions or the approximate remaining number of sheets until replacing the wiping member. 
     Next, at step S 116 , as shown in  FIG. 7D , the imaging unit constituted by the line CCD  72  is moved to the lower side of the determination plate  70 . At step S 118 , the image analysis routine is executed in order to capture an image of the edge trace of the wiping section  66   a  transferred to the surface by scanning the determination plate  70  by means of the imaging unit, determining the edge shape from the captured image, and judging the replacement of the wiping member accordingly. 
       FIG. 12  shows an image analysis routine. 
     Firstly, at step S 300  in  FIG. 12 , the image of the edge trace on the surface of the determination plate  70  captured by the line CCD  72  is saved in a memory (temporary storage of captured image). 
     Next, at step S 302 , the image processing unit  73  normalizes the values of the respective pixels to one of two values, either 0 (white) or 1 (black), by comparing the density of the respective pixels in the temporarily stored image data with a prescribed reference value. As a result of this, the pixels are binarized. Furthermore, the image processing in the image processing unit  73  includes: finding the differential between a previously captured image of the determination plate  70  in a state where no ink has been transferred, and the currently captured image of the ink trace (edge trace); and performing brightness correction, outline correction, correction relating to the color of ink, image position correction, and the like. By calculating the number of pixels having a value 1 (black), using the binarized image of the edge trace (ink trace), the length of the omitted portions and the line widths are calculated as described later. 
     Next, at step S 304 , it is judged whether or not there is an omitted portion  76  in the line-shaped ink traces  74  such as those shown in  FIG. 8B . If there is an omitted portion  76  in the line-shaped ink trace  74 , then at step S 306 , the length of the omitted portion  76  is determined, and it is judged whether or not this value is equal to or greater than a threshold value. In the present embodiment, the threshold value used for judging an omitted portion is set to 1 mm. If the length of the omitted portion  76  is equal to or greater than this threshold value, then it is judged that replacement of the wiping member is necessary, and at step S 308 , a wiping member replacement flag is set and the image analysis routine is exited. 
     On the other hand, if there is no omitted portion  76  in the line-shaped ink trace  74  at step S 304 , or if there is an omitted portion  76  but the length of the omitted portion is smaller than the threshold value at step S 306 , then the procedure advances to the next step, S 310 , and processing for determining the line width is carried out. 
     In other words, firstly, at step S 310 , the maximum value d 1  of the width (line width) of the line-shaped ink trace  74  such as that shown in  FIG. 8A  is calculated. Thereupon, at step S 312 , the minimum value d 2  of the line width is calculated. In this case, the maximum value d 1  and the minimum value d 2  are determined by dividing the line-shaped ink trace  74  into a plurality of blocks in the lengthwise direction, determining the average width in each of these blocks, and finding the block having the largest average width and the block having the smallest average width. Desirably, the length of the divided blocks is smaller than the threshold value applied to the length of the omitted portions, but if it is too small, then it will take extra calculation time. In the present embodiment, the length of one divided block is set to 0.5 mm. 
     Next, at step S 314 , the judgment index D=(minimum value/maximum value) is calculated as the ratio between the minimum value and the maximum value of the edge width. At step S 316 , the judgment index D is compared with a threshold value (width threshold value). In the present embodiment, the width threshold value is set to 0.8. If the judgment index D is equal to or greater than the threshold value, then it is considered that replacement of the wiping member is not necessary, and the image analysis routine is then exited. 
     On the other hand, if the judgment index D is smaller than the threshold value, then it is judged that replacement of the wiping member is necessary, the procedure advances to step S 308 , the wiping member replacement flag is raised and the image analysis routine is exited. 
     As described above, in the present embodiment, the threshold value of the length or the omitted portion is 1 mm, and the width threshold value of the judgment index D is set to 0.8, but these threshold values depend on the material of the wiping member, the pressing force on the nozzle surface, the amount of overlap (amount of contact) between the wiping member and the print head (nozzle surface), the viscosity and surface tension of the ink, and the surface energy of the lyophobic film on the nozzle surface. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and determine these values in advance. In the present embodiment, a plurality of wiping members having different use frequencies are prepared, wiping actions are carried out under the same conditions, and in the case of the wiping non-uniformities being left by the wiping action, they are determined by determining the state of the edge. 
     After exiting the image analysis routine, the procedure returns again to the flowchart in  FIG. 10 , and at step S 120 , the line CCD  72  (imaging unit) is withdrawn. Thereupon, at step S 122 , the determination plate initialization routine is executed. In the determination plate initialization routine, the ink adhering to the determination plate  70  is removed, cleaning such as washing is carried out, and/or the plate is replaced according to requirements. Furthermore, a pre-scanning operation is carried out in advance in order to capture an image of the soiling, and the like, on the determination plate and to correct the image of the actual data accordingly. Moreover, if the determination plate is movable, then determining the initial position of the determination plate, and the like, should be performed. The wiping member for removing the ink, and the like, adhering to the determination plate may also be used as a wiping member which wipes the print head. In this case, desirably, the cleaning of the actual wiping member itself is carried out before the wiping of the determination plate. 
     Finally, at step S 124 , the wiping member is moved to a home position (standby position). Here, if the ink, and the like, attached to the wiping member is cleaned away, it is possible to prevent problems such as transfer errors, and the like, caused by ink of increased viscosity, in the next determination operation. Since the adherence of ink to the wiping member can be prevented in this way, then it is possible to extend the use frequency of the wiping member. Furthermore, the cleaning operation of the wiping member can be carried out in parallel with the cleaning of the determination plate, or alternatively, the cleaning of the wiping member may be carried out independently, before the cleaning of the determination plate. 
     When the sequence of operations described above has been completed, the maintenance mode ends. 
     Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. 
     The determination of the edge of a wiping member according to the first embodiment described above uses a wiping operation of the wiping member, which involves moving a wiping member which has wiped a nozzle surface, directly, to a determination plate, and rubbing the wiping member against the determination plate in such a manner that the ink wiped away from the nozzle surface by the wiping member is deposited onto the determination plate. On the other hand, the determination of the edge of a wiping member according to the second embodiment involves depositing an application liquid which has been applied to the wiping member, onto the determination plate, rather than ink which has been wiped from the nozzle surface by the wiping member. Therefore, the edge shape determination device according to the present embodiment comprises a device of applying an application liquid to the wiping member. 
       FIG. 13  shows the general composition of the edge shape determination device for a wiping member of a cleaning apparatus in the inkjet recording apparatus according to the present embodiment. 
     As shown in  FIG. 13 , similarly to the first embodiment, the cleaning apparatus for the print head nozzle surface according to the present embodiment is constituted by a wiper blade  166  comprising a wiping section  166   a  which is formed by an elastic member made of rubber, or the like, and a supporting section  166   b  which supports the wiping section  166   a  and can be moved over the nozzle surface (not shown), as well as being moveable in the vertical direction. 
     Furthermore, the device which determines the edge shape of the wiping section  166   a  comprises a determination plate  170  to which the edge trace of the wiping section  166   a  is transferred, a line CCD  172  which reads in an image of the edge trace that has been transferred to the determination plate  170 , an image processing unit  173  which determines the edge shape by processing the acquired image of the edge trace, and a judgment unit  175  which judges the replacement timing for the wiping member on the basis of the determined edge shape. 
     Furthermore, in the present embodiment, an application device is provided in order to apply an application liquid for transferring the edge shape to the determination plate  170 , onto the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a . The application device comprises an application roller  180  which applies the application liquid to the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a  while moving along the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a , and an application liquid tank  182  and an application liquid supply pipe  184  for sending the application liquid to the application roller  180 . 
     A valve  186  is provided at an intermediate position in the application liquid supply pipe  184 , in such a manner that the supply of application liquid to the application roller  180  can be controlled. Furthermore, an air connection port  188  is provided in the application liquid tank  182 . Moreover, the application roller  180  is constituted by a shaft  180   a  and an application member  180   b  which is formed about the shaft  180   a . The application member  180   b  is made of a porous material, such as sponge, and the application liquid impregnated into the application member  180   b  is applied to the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a . Furthermore, the shaft  180   a  is rotated and moved along a guide rail  190 . 
       FIG. 14  shows a right-hand side diagram of  FIG. 13 . As shown in  FIG. 14 , the shaft  180   a  of the application roller  180  is moved over the guide rail  190 , in such a manner that the application member  180   b  makes contact with the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a  of the wiper blade  166 . Furthermore, a pinion gear  192  is formed on one end portion of the shaft  180   a , and the application roller  180  is moved by means of this pinion gear  192  interlocking with a rack  194 . In  FIG. 13 , the pinion gear  192  and the rack  194  are omitted from the illustration in order to avoid complications. Moreover, in  FIG. 14 , the judgment unit  175  is omitted from the drawing. 
     A hollow portion is formed inside the shaft  180   a , and the application liquid is supplied from the application liquid tank  182  to this hollow portion, via the application liquid supply pipe  184 . Furthermore, a plurality of connection ports which connect the hollow portion inside the shaft  180   a  to the application member  180   b  formed about the periphery of the shaft  180   a  are formed, so that the application liquid supplied to the hollow portion is supplied from the hollow portion to the application liquid  180   b.    
     Moreover, when the nozzle surface of the print head is wiped, the wiper blade  166  is moved from the left-hand side toward the right-hand side in  FIG. 14 , though that is omitted from the drawings. When the wiper blade  166  has moved further after wiping the nozzle surface and has reached the position corresponding to the edge shape determination device and the application liquid application device shown in  FIG. 14 , then as indicated by the arrow in  FIG. 14 , the wiper blade  166  is moved upward in such a manner that the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a  makes contact with the application member  180   b  of the application roller  180 . 
     After completing the application of the application liquid by means of the application roller  180 , the wiping blade  166  is moved further upward in a state where the application roller  180  has been moved to be deviated from a position above the wiper blade  166 , and the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a  is placed in contact with the determination plate  170 . In this case, it is desirable that the determination plate  170  should be disposed at an oblique inclination, in such a manner that the right-hand side thereof is lower than the left-hand side thereof, since this enables more accurate confirmation of the edge shape of the right-hand side of the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a , in particular. This is because, as described above, the wiping action is performed while moving the wiper blade  166  from the left-hand side toward the right-hand side in  FIG. 14 , and therefore the right-hand edge of the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a  is especially liable to suffer wear. 
     There are no particular restrictions on the angle at which the determination plate  170  is inclined, but it is, for example, disposed at an inclination of approximately 5 degrees to 30 degrees. Furthermore, although, in this case, the determination plate  170  is disposed at an oblique inclination, it is sufficient to apply a relative angle of contact between the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a  and the determination plate  170 , and therefore, it is also possible to dispose the determination plate  170  horizontally and, conversely, to dispose the wiping section  166   a  at an oblique inclination, and to cause the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a  to abut obliquely when it makes contact with the determination plate  170 . For example, in the first embodiment described above, it is also possible to dispose the wiping section  166   a  obliquely. 
     In a case where, as in the present embodiment, an application liquid is applied to a wiping member and the application liquid is then transferred onto the determination plate in order to transfer the edge trace, instead of depositing the ink wiped from the nozzle surface by the wiping member onto the determination plate, a special liquid having low viscosity and low surface tension can be used for the application liquid, for example, and therefore the liquid can be applied readily onto the wiping member, regardless of the properties of the ink. Ink having high viscosity or ink having high surface tension is not readily applied to the wiping member, but by using an application liquid instead of the ink, it becomes possible to apply the liquid readily to the wiping member. 
     In the examples described thus far, the edge trace is determined by depositing ink or an application liquid onto a determination plate, and determining the color of the actual ink or the application liquid, but rather than using the color of the ink or application liquid itself, it is also possible to use special materials for the determination plate and the application liquid, in such a manner that a color is created when the application liquid is deposited on the determination plate, and to then determine the color thus created. For example, if the application liquid is acidic or alkali, then it is possible to attach a sheet of paper impregnated with a solution which generates a color by reacting with the acid or alkali, to the surface of the determination plate. Consequently, since the color is generated in the portion with which the application liquid on the wiping member makes contact, then this can be read in by an imaging device. 
     Next, the method of determining the edge shape of a wiping member according to the present embodiment will be described following the flowchart in  FIG. 15 . 
     Firstly, at step S 400  in  FIG. 15 , the wiping member is moved to an application position. In the application position, the wiper blade  166 , which is the wiping member, is halted in the state of abutting against the application member  180   b  of the application roller  180 , as shown in  FIG. 13  and  FIG. 14 . By this means, it is possible to prevent non-uniformities in the application of the application liquid onto the wiping section  166   a.    
     Moreover, another method of determining the application position is one where the position of the wiping member can be controlled by means of a pulse motor, or the like, in such a manner that the wiping member is always moved to the same position. In either case, if the wiping member is always moved to a uniform position in order to apply the application liquid, then if the wiping member is suffering wear, the application liquid will not be applied and therefore the worn portion will not be transferred to the determination plate. Consequently, the wearing of the wiping member can be determined accurately. 
     In the example described above, the application device used for the application liquid is fixed, and the wiping member is moved to the position of the application device (the application position), so that application liquid can be applied. However, it is also possible to move the application roller  180  and the guide rail  190  to the wiping member after wiping the nozzle surface with the wiping member, in such a manner that application liquid is applied to the wiping member. 
     Next, at step S 402 , the application liquid is applied by the application roller  180  to the wiping member (wiping section  166   a ). The application liquid used may be, for example, an application liquid having low viscosity and/or low surface tension. By causing the pinion gear  192  to rotate on the rack  194  by means of a driving system, which is not shown in the diagram, the shaft  180   a  of the application roller  180  is moved while rotating over the guide rail  190 . By this means, the application member  180   b  makes contact with the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a , and the application liquid impregnated into the application member  180   b  is applied to the portion of the wiping section  166   a  which makes contact with the nozzle surface (wiping surface). 
     Thereupon, at step S 404 , the application roller  180  is withdrawn. At step S 406 , the wiping member is moved in the direction of the determination plate  170  (the upward direction indicated by the arrow in  FIG. 13  and  FIG. 14 ), and the wiping member is placed in contact with the determination plate  170 . 
     As described above, the determination plate  170  is disposed at an oblique inclination in such a manner that the side which strikes the wiping surface of the wiping member (in  FIG. 14 , the right-hand edge of the front tip portion of the wiping section  166   a ) is lower. Consequently, it is possible to transfer the edge shape of the wiping member accurately to the determination plate  170 . In this case, if the angle of inclination at which the determination plate  170  is tilted is very large, then there is a possibility that the application liquid transferred to the determination plate  170  flows downward under the force of gravity. Therefore, the angle of inclination is desirably set to 5 to 30 degrees, as described above. In this case, similarly to the first embodiment described above, it is possible to determine the edge shape with a high degree of certainty, by managing the relative positional relationship between the wiping member and the determination plate. 
     Thereupon, at step S 408 , the wiping member is withdrawn, and at step S 410 , the imaging apparatus (line CCD  172 ) is moved to a position opposing the determination plate  170 . 
     Next, at step S 412 , the edge trace created by the application liquid deposited onto the determination plate  170  is imaged by the line CCD  172  and the image read in is analyzed by the image processing unit  173 . This is the same processing as in the image analysis routine described in the first embodiment. 
     Finally, at step S 414 , the imaging apparatus is withdrawn. Thereupon, using the results of imaging analysis, the judgment unit  175  judges the replacement timing of the wiping member. 
     The example described above with reference to  FIG. 14  does not use a wiping action of the nozzle surface which involves rubbing the determination plate with the wiping member, but rather moves the wiping member upwards toward the determination plate and places the wiping member in contact with the determination plate. However, even if using an application liquid as in the present embodiment, it is possible to use a nozzle surface wiping action as in the first embodiment. In such a case, after the wiping member has finished wiping the print head, it is necessary to apply an application liquid before the edge trace is transferred to the determination plate, and therefore the application device for applying the application liquid is disposed between the print head and the determination plate. 
     Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. 
     In the present embodiment, the edge shape is determined by measuring the pressing force when the wiping member is pressed against the determination plate, rather than determining the edge shape of the wiping member by transferring ink or an application liquid to the determination plate, and capturing an image of the resulting edge trace, as in the two embodiments described above. 
     Therefore, the determination plate of the present embodiment has a structure which allows the pressure upon contact with the wiping member to be determined. 
       FIG. 16  is a plan diagram of a determination plate according to the present embodiment. 
     As shown in  FIG. 16 , the determination plate  270  according to the present embodiment is constituted by a lot of piezoelectric element cells  272 . The range  274  indicated by the dotted lines in  FIG. 16  is the range which makes contact with the wiping member. 
     Furthermore,  FIG. 17  shows an overview of an edge shape determination device according to the present embodiment. 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , the edge shape determination device according to the present embodiment comprises: the determination plate  270  which is constituted by the piezoelectric element cells  272  as shown in  FIG. 16 ; an amplifier  276  which amplifies the contact pressure of the wiping member determined by the determination plate  270 ; a signal processing unit  277  which converts the determination signals amplified by the amplifier  276  into image information; an image processing unit  273  which analyzes the converted image information to determine the edge shape; and a judgment unit  275  which judges the replacement timing of the wiping member on the basis of the determined edge shape. 
     The wiping member (wiper blade  266 ) which has wiped the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50  is moved to the determination position and then it is moved in the vertical direction in such a manner that the front tip portion of the wiping section  266   a  is placed in contact with the determination plate  270 , by a drive mechanism of the supporting section  266   b  (not illustrated), as indicated by the dotted line in  FIG. 17 . 
     The front tip portion of the wiping section  266   a  makes contact with the determination plate  270  in the range  274  indicated by the dotted line in  FIG. 16 , for example. The voltages in the respective piezoelectric element cells  272  which are contacted by the wiping member vary in accordance with the applied pressure. Signals indicating the positional information of the piezoelectric element cell  272  and the ratio of variation in the voltage are converted by the signal processing unit  277  into the image information, and the edge is determined by analyzing this image information in the image processing unit  273 . The judgment unit  275  judges the need for replacement of the wiping member, and the replacement timing, on the basis of the determined edge shape. 
     In the case of the edge shape determination device according to the present embodiment, the wiping member is moved vertically to be placed in contact with the determination plate, and the contact pressure is measured. Therefore, it is possible to determine the edge shape regardless of the wiping operation of the wiping member. 
     In the present embodiment, the edge shape is determined by directly measuring the contact pressure of the wiping member on the determination plate, but it is also possible to determine the edge by using a pressure measurement film (for example, “Prescale” film made by FUJIFILM Corporation) which shows local variation in the density of color generation according to the applied pressure. By installing such a film on the surface of the determination plate, placing the wiping member in contact with the film, capturing an image of the density variation of the pressure measurement film by means of an imaging apparatus, and then analyzing the resulting image, the edge shape can be determined. 
     Liquid ejection apparatuses and methods of examining a cleaning apparatus of same according to the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned examples, and it is of course possible for improvements and modifications of various kinds to be implemented, within a range which does not deviate from the essence of the present invention. 
     It should be understood that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternate constructions and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.