Patent Publication Number: US-7710268-B2

Title: System and method to protect personal property

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to protecting personal property from loss or theft and more particularly to a system and method to protect personal property. 
   There are currently no reliable means to protect an individual&#39;s personal property, such as a traveler&#39;s personal property, against theft or loss, other than constant vigilance. In the example of a traveler, personal property is vulnerable to theft or loss when enroute to or from a principle mode of transportation, such as an airplane, train, taxi or the like. Frequently, distractions arise that may cause an individual or traveler to turn his attention and focus away from some of his possessions. During this time period a theft of some or all of the individual&#39;s belongings could be easily accomplished by professional thieves, or some person could inadvertently take the wrong bag or other personal property item. Examples include baggage placed on the curb and stolen or inadvertently taken while out of sight of a traveler paying cab fare, or pickpockets stealing a traveler&#39;s wallet or purse in a crowded subway, bus terminal or airport. Another frequent scenario ending in loss of the traveler&#39;s property may entail valuable objects left behind when departing a mode of transportation. For example, leaving behind a laptop computer, a valuable piece of clothing or other item in an overhead baggage area or seat back on an airplane or train. 
   BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a system to protect personal property may include an electronic tag associable with a personal property item. The system may also include a controller adapted to wirelessly communicate with the electronic tag to determine a status of the electronic tag to protect the personal property item from loss or theft. 
   In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, an electronic tag for use in a personal property protection system may include a unique identification code to distinguish the electronic tag from other electronic tags. The electronic tag may also include a device or component to determine a status of the electronic tag. The electronic tag may also include a device or component to report a status of the electronic tag to a controller in the personal property protection system. 
   In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a controller for use in a personal property protection system may include a communications device to wirelessly communicate with an electronic tag to determine a status of the electronic tag to protect a personal property item associated with the electronic tag from loss or theft. The controller may also include a processor to determine a status of the electronic tag based on at least one of information received from the electronic tag and an absence of a signal from the electronic tag after an interrogation signal. 
   In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a method to protect personal property may include determining a status of an electronic tag associated with a personal property item. The method may also include activating an alarm in response to the status of the electronic tag being in a predetermined condition. 
   In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a computer program product to protect personal property from theft or loss may include a computer usable medium having computer usable program code embodied therewith. The computer usable medium may include computer usable program code configured to determine a status of an electronic tag associated with a personal property item. The computer usable medium may also include computer usable program code configured to activate an alarm in response to the status of the electronic tag being in a predetermined condition. 
   Other aspects and features of the present invention, as defined solely by the claims, will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following non-limited detailed description of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an example of a system to protect personal property from theft or loss in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of an example of an electronic personal property protection tag, transponder or the like in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of an example of a personal property protection controller in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  (collectively  FIG. 4 ) are a flow chart of an example of a method to protect personal property in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The following detailed description of embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific embodiments of the invention. Other embodiments having different structures and operations do not depart from the scope of the present invention. 
   As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the present invention may be embodied as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, portions of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-usable storage medium having computer-usable program code embodied in the medium. 
   Any suitable computer usable or computer readable medium may be utilized. The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a transmission media such as those supporting the Internet or an intranet, or a magnetic storage device. Note that the computer-useable or computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. In the context of this document, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. 
   Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present invention may be written in an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like. However, the computer program code for carrying out operations of the present invention may also be written in conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). 
   The present invention is described below with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
   These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
   The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an example of a system  100  to protect personal property  102  from theft or loss in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The system  100  may include one or more electronic tags  104  that are each associable with a personal property item  102 . An example of an electronic tag  104  that may be used with the system  100  will be described in more detail with reference to  FIG. 2 . The personal property item  102  may be any personal property item that an individual  106  wants to protect from theft or loss or otherwise wants to be able to determine the whereabouts. Examples of personal property may include but is not necessarily limited to luggage, a lap top computer, articles of clothing, a purse or wallet or similar items. The present invention may also be used to keep track of younger children or pets. 
   The electronic tag  104  may be attached to the personal property item  102  by any sort of means, such as a strap, clip, pin or the like. For example, the electronic tags  104   a  and  104   b  may be attached to a handle of a bag or luggage by a strap similar to a regular identification tag. In another embodiment of the present invention the electronic tag  104 , such as electronic tag  104   c , may be disposed within the personal property item  102   a . This may provide additional security in that the tag  104   c  would not be subject to removal by a thief and the tag may be less likely to be damaged than if exposed on the exterior of the personal property item  102   a . Additionally, the electronic tag  104   c  may have special tracking and location features described in more detail herein that may result in the size of the packaging of the tag making it impractical to locate or attach the tag  104  to the exterior of the personal property item  104 . 
   In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the electronic tag  104  may be small and thin enough to simply be inserted in the personal property item  104 , such as in a pursue, credit card slot in a wallet, identification slot on a bag or luggage or the like. The electronic tag  104  may be adapted to provide notification to a user or traveler  106  or to a controller device  108  in possession of the user when the personal property item  102  associated with the tag  104  leaves an immediate proximity of the user or traveler  106  and/or the personal property item  102  associated with the tag undergoes movement or motion, both described in more detail herein. 
   As mentioned above, the system  100  may also include a controller  108 . The controller  108  may be adapted to wirelessly communicate with each of the electronic tags  104  to determine a status of each electronic tag  104  to protect the associated personal property item  104  from loss or theft. Each electronic tag  104  may have a unique identification code  110  or the like to distinguish it from other electronic tags  104  operating in the system  100 . The controller  108  is kept in a secure place by the user, such as in a pocket separate from any personal item to be protected, clipped on a belt similar to a cell phone, in a purse or other secure place. 
   In another embodiment of the present invention, the electronic tag  104  may be adapted to transmit signals  112  to a satellite  114  or constellation  116  of satellites. The signals  112  may include information or data to indicate a location of the tag  104  and/or provide tracking information after the tag  104  is out of range of the controller  108 . The location information may be global positioning system (GPS) location information or similar location and tracking information. The satellite  114  may then transmit a signal  118  including the location and/or tracking information to the controller  108 , to law enforcement, a commercial security service or the like. The signals  112  and  118  may also be transmitted to and from the satellite  114  via an earth station (not shown) in  FIG. 1 . The satellites  114  may be a class of communications satellites, such as the Iridium system or a similar system, or a constellation of satellites similar to the GPS constellation of satellites with a capability to receive as well as transmit signals. 
     FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of an example of an electronic personal property protection tag  200 , transponder or the like in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic tag  200  may be used for the electronic tag  104  in  FIG. 1 . The electronic tag  200  may be a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag or transponder, or in some embodiments of the present invention, a component of the electronic tag  200  may be an RFID tag or transponder. The components of the electronic tag  200  may vary depending upon the application of the tag and the particular functions that are desired to be performed, such as providing location information, geographical coordinate information or other status information. 
   The electronic tag  200  may include a housing  202  to protect the internal components of the tag  200 . The entire component structure of the electronic tag  200  may be encapsulated in a “smart” laminated card device, such as housing  202 , similar to that used for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags or similar devices. 
   The electronic tag  200  may also include a power reception loop antenna  204 . The power reception loop antenna  204  may include a sufficient number of loops to receive a predetermined amount of electromagnetic radiation or energy from a controller, such as controller  108  in  FIG. 1 , to power the electronic tag  200  to perform the operations and functions described herein. 
   The power reception loop antenna  204  may be coupled to an energy storage component  206 . The antenna  204  may collect radio frequency (RF) energy radiated by the controller (controller  108  in  FIG. 1 ). The RF energy may be rectified and stored in the energy storage component  206  for use in transmissions back to the controller with tag status information. The loop antenna  204  may be coupled to the energy storage component  206  by a diode  208  to rectify the energy signal and to permit electrical current to only flow in one direction and to prevent electrical power from being dissipated by the power reception loop antenna  204 . The energy storage component  206  may include a capacitor arrangement  210  for energy storage for short periods of time necessary for operation of the components of the tag  200  before receiving additional energy in a subsequent power signal transmission from the controller. 
   In another embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage component  206  may include a battery  212 . The battery  212  may be in lieu of the capacitor arrangement  210  or may be in addition to the capacitor arrangement  210  for additional power reserves. The battery  212  may be a high power miniature battery that may be charged by the power signal transmitted by the system controller. The battery  212  may be provided in those electronic tags  200  where size may not be of importance, such as in association with luggage. In other applications where size may be of significance, such as placing the electronic tag  200  in a credit card slot of a wallet or the like, the size of the tag  200  may be able to be reduced by eliminating the battery  212 . 
   The electronic tag  200  may also include a communications device  214 . The communications device  214  may be any type of short-range, low power wireless communications device. The communications device  214  may be part of an RFID tag or transponder. The communications device  214  may also be Bluetooth-type transceiver, an ultrasonic transceiver, infrared transceiver or the like for wireless communications with a controller, such as controller  108  in  FIG. 1 . The communications device  214  may have sufficient power and/or may include a loop antenna  216  with a sufficient number of loops to maintain contact with a system controller, such as controller  108  in  FIG. 1 , over reasonable distances to alert the user as described herein and to allow recovery of any lost or stolen item, preferably before such item is out of sight. The communications device  214  may also be adapted to transmit signals including location or tracking information to a satellite or constellation of satellites, such as satellites  114  in  FIG. 1 , or to an earth station for communication with the satellite, similar to that described with respect to  FIG. 1 . Alternatively, the electronic tag  200  may include another communications device to transmit signals including location and/or tracking information to the satellite or constellation of satellites. 
   The electronic tag  200  may also include a processor  218 , digital signal processor (DSP) or the like. Signals received by the communications device  214  and antenna  216  may be fed to the processor or DSP  218  for processing. The processor  218  may be programmed to determine a status of the electronic tag  200 . The processor  218  may include a central processing unit (CPU)  220 , a memory  222  and an input/output (I/O) module or unit  224 . The CPU  220  may control overall operation of the electronic tag  200 , such as determining a status of the tag  200  as described in more detail herein. The memory  222  may store a unique identification code  223  to distinguish the electronic tag  200  from other electronic tags as previously discussed. The memory  222  may also store data structures or algorithms for operation by the CPU  220 , such as to determine the status of the tag  200 , to store information related to the status of the electronic tag  200  or other data related to operation of the tag  200 . 
   The I/O module  224  may receive signals from the communications device  214  or antenna  216  via an amplifier  226 . The signals may then be processed by the CPU  220 . Another amplifier  228  may couple the I/O module  224  of the DSP  218  to the communications antenna  216 . The amplifier  228  may provide signal power to allow transmission of digital signals stored in the tag memory  222  via the antenna  216 . The digital signals may contain status information including location information of the tag  200 . 
   The electronic tag  200  may also include at least one of a Global Positioning System (GPS)  230  and a motion detector or sensor  232  to detect motion or movement of the tag  200  or an item associated with the tag  200 . The motion detector  232  may be an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) or other type motion sensor or detector device. The GPS  230  and/or IMU  232  may determine a coordinate location of the tag  200  or other movement or location information relative to the tag  200 . The GPS  230  and motion sensor  232  or IMU may be coupled to the I/O unit  224  of the processor  218 . The GPS  230  and/or motion sensor  232  or IMU, communications device  214  and the processor or DSP  218  may define a device  234  to determine at least one of a group including a proximity of the electronic tag  200  to a controller, such as controller  108  in  FIG. 1 , the electronic tag  200  being out of communications range of the controller, motion of the electronic tag  200 , a direction of motion of the electronic tag  200  relative to the controller, a direction of motion of the electronic tag  200  relative to the controller or other information related to a status of the electronic tag to prevent loss or theft of an item associated with the electronic tag and to facilitate recovery of the item under such circumstances. 
   The GPS system  230  may require a larger tag or housing  202  and may not operate in all environments, for example in circumstances where the GPS  230  cannot access the GPS satellites or cannot access the requisite number of satellites for global positioning. In another embodiment of the present invention, the GPS system  230  may be an “inverse” GPS system or the like that may allow transmitted signals to reach a receiver similar to those applicable to Wireless Fidelity (“Wi-Fi”) or wireless local area network (WLAN) or similar protocols. An example of an inverse GPS system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,028,551 entitled “Micro-Miniature Beacon Transmit-only Geo-Location Emergency System for Personal Security, granted Feb. 22, 2000 to Neil Charles Schoen and Wendy Ann Schoen and U.S. Pat. No. 6,285,318 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Pat. No. 6,028,551, issued Sep. 4, 2001 and has the same title and inventors. GPS system  230  or IMU  234  may also be adapted to transmit signals including location and tracking information to a satellite or constellation of satellites similar to that previously described. 
   The different components of the electronic tag  200  may be formed as discrete components or some or all of the different components may be formed as an integrated single chip or microchip. 
     FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of an example of a personal property protection controller  300  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The controller  300  may be used for the controller  108  of  FIG. 1 . The components of the controller  300  may be contained in a housing  302  to protect the internal components. 
   The controller  300  may include a communications device  304  to communicate with an electronic tag or tags similar to the tag  200  in  FIG. 2 . The communications device  304  may include an antenna  306  to transmit and receive signals from the electronic tag or tags. The antenna  306  may be a loop antenna or other type antenna capable of communicating with the electronic tags. The communications device  304  may be an RFID reader, a Bluetooth type transceiver, an ultrasonic transceiver, an infrared transceiver or similar device for communicating with the electronic tags. The means of communication or communications devices of the controller  300  and the electronic tags (tags  200  in  FIG. 2 ) needs to be compatible or capable of communication with one another. For example, the controller  300  and electronic tags  200  should operate on the same frequencies, use the same protocols for communications and the like. 
   The controller  300  may also include a processor  308  to determine a status of the electronic tag or tags. The processor  308  may be a digital signal processor or the like. The status of the electronic tags may be based on information from the tags. The processor  308  may determine the status of the tags in response to at least one of a signal received from each of the electronic tags or an absence or failure to receive a response signal from each of the electronic tags after an interrogation signal. 
   The processor  308  may include a central processing unit (CPU)  310 , a memory  312  and an input/output (I/O) module or unit  314 . The CPU  310  may control the overall operation of the controller  300  and determine the status of the associated electronic tags based on information received from the electronic tags. The memory  312  may store identification codes  316  for each of the electronic tags associated with the controller  300 . The memory  312  may also store a status of each associated electronic tag. The memory may also store data structures, algorithms or the like operable on the CPU  310  to control operation of the controller  300  and to determine the status of each associated electronic tag. 
   The I/O module  314  may be coupled to the communications device  304  by an amplifier  318  that may be part of the communications device  304 . The I/O module  314  may also be coupled to an audio alarm  320  and to an external interface  322  for operation and control of the controller  300  by a user. The audio alarm  320  may be a miniature speaker or any type of device capable of emitting an audible alarm or signal to the user. The I/O module  314  may be coupled to the audio alarm  320  by an amplifier  324  to drive the audio alarm  320 . The audio alarm  320  may be capable of generating an alarm of a sufficient decibel level to be heard by the user or traveler if the controller  300  is contained in a pocket, purse or the like of the user. 
   The external interface or user interface  322  may include an “ON/OFF” switch  326  to turn the controller  300  on and off. The external interface  322  may also include a “SET-UP” switch  328  or button to set up the controller  300  and any associated tags for protecting items associated with each of the tags. An example of setting up a system, such as the system  100 , will be described with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
   The external interface  322  may also include a “RESET” switch  330  or button to reset the controller after an alarm condition. The external interface  322  may also include a “DISABLE MOTION” switch  332 , button or the like to disable or ignore any alarms caused by a motion sensor or detection of motion of any of the electronic tags associated with the controller  300 . The controller  300  may merely ignore signals received from any associated tag indicating a motion condition or alarm, or a disable signal may be sent from the controller  300  to each tag or to a selected tag or tags to disable the motion detection devices or sensors of the tag or tags. The “DISABLE MOTION” switch  332  may be activated when the user himself or someone authorized by the user or traveler is handling or moving an item associated with a particular tag or tags to prevent false alarms. 
   The external interface  322  may also include a display  334  to present a status of each electronic tag associated with the controller  300 . The status of an electronic tag may include at least one of a range indication of the electronic tag or distance from the controller  300 , a location of the electronic tag, a direction of motion of the electronic tag or other information related to the status of the tag or tags. The display  334  may also indicate that the “DISABLE MOTION” switch  332  or feature is active for a particular tag or tags. The display  332  may also present a visual alarm condition in addition to the audio alarm  320 . 
   The controller  300  may also include a battery  336  to store energy for powering the controller  300 . As previously discussed, the controller  300  may transmit a signal to also power each electronic tag associated with the controller  300 . 
   The components of the controller  300  may be formed as discrete components or formed as an integrated chip or microchip. The communications device  304  and the processor  308  of the controller  300  may be similar to the communications device  214  and processor  218  of the electronic tag  200 . The different elements of the controller  300  may define a device or module  338  to access a stored status of an electronic tag to determine if an alarm condition exists. For example, the controller  300  may periodically transmit an interrogation signal to each associated electronic tag. A status of each tag that may be stored in a memory of the tag, such as memory  222  of tag  200  in  FIG. 2  may be transmitted back to the controller  200  to indicate if an alarm condition exits, or as previously discussed, if no return status signal is received because the tag is out of range, the processor  308  may determine that an alarm condition exists and activate the audio alarm  320  and present a visual alarm on display  334 . 
     FIGS. 4A and 4B  (collectively  FIG. 4 ) are a flow chart of an example of a method  400  to protect personal property in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The method  400  may be embodied in a system for protecting personal items or the like, such as the system  100  in  FIG. 1 . As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the method  400  may be divided into functions or operation that may be embodied in and performed by a controller  402 , such as controller  108  of  FIG. 1  or controller  300  of  FIG. 3 , and functions or operations that may be embodied in and performed by an electronic tag  404 , such as electronic tag  104  of  FIG. 1  or electronic tag  200  of  FIG. 2 . 
   In block  406 , a set-up process may be performed by the controller  402 . The set-up process may be performed in response to a user activating a set-up switch or the like, such as “SET-UP” switch or button  328  of the controller  300  in  FIG. 3 . The set-up process may include transmitting a signal to each tag to a acquire a quantity of tags, an identification (ID) code of each tag, a current status of each tag and any other information that may be appropriate or necessary for setting up the system for protecting personal property items. The system may be initialized by the user placing each tag to be associated with a personal property item proximate to the controller. The user may then operate the set-up button or switch, such as “SET-UP” switch or button  328  ( FIG. 3 ) to alert the controller to monitor this tag or tags. 
   In block  408 , each tag may transmit its ID code, current status or the like to the controller in response to the set-up signal from the controller. The ID code may be pre-loaded on the tag by the manufacturer, or in another embodiment of the present invention, the user may be able to program the ID code for each tag. For example, a controller, similar to controller  300  of  FIG. 3  may include a keypad to permit a user to enter an ID code that may be transmitted to a selected tag to program the ID code into the selected tag. 
   In blocks  410  and  412 , operation of the system or operation of each tag may be tested. This may be an optional operation. The system or each tag may be tested by transmitting an interrogation signal or ping signal to each tag to detect whether the tag is within range to detect the signal. In block  412  the tag may be moved to activate the motion sensor, GPS, IMU or similar device. The tag may also be moved out of range of the controller to test the ability of the controller to sense or detect that the tag is out of range and to provide the appropriate alarm indications. 
   In block  414 , the alarm or alarms, such as audio and visual alarms may be reset in response to activating a reset switch or button, such as reset  330  in  FIG. 3 . In block  416 , the electronic tag or tags may be associated or otherwise attached to selected items to be protected. In block  418 , the motion state of each tag may be initialized so that any change in state or condition will cause a motion bit to be set in memory of the tag and/or a signal to be sent to the controller automatically or in response to a periodic ping or interrogation signal from the controller. 
   In block  420 , a desired set-up or operational mode may be selected. For example, both motion and range sensors may be active, only the range sensor may be set and the motion sensor may be disabled or some other mode of operation may be selected. The motion sensor or detection feature may be disabled by activating a disable motion switch or button, such as “DISABLE MOTION” button  332  of  FIG. 3 , similar to that previously described. The range or out-of-range mode or feature may still be active for detecting if the item associated with the tag is moved beyond a predetermined range from the controller, such as about 10 to about 20 feet from the controller. In block  422 , the present or current set-up status or operational mode may be presented or displayed to a user. A current status of each electronic tag may also be presented or displayed as well as any other information relative to operation of the system. 
   In block  424 , an interrogate or ping signal may be transmitted to each associated electronic tag at predetermined time intervals. In block  426 , the interrogate or ping signal may be received if the tag is within range. In block  428 , an in-range signal may be transmitted by the tag to the controller in response to the tag receiving the interrogate or ping signal. A status of the tag may be transmitted to the controller in response to the interrogate or ping signal. As previously described, the status may include a proximity of the electronic tag to the controller, a location of the electronic tag relative to the controller, coordinates of the electronic tag as may be provided by a GPS, IMU or similar device included as a component of the tag, a direction of motion of the electronic tag relative to the controller, an indication that the tag is okay and there is no alarm condition, or other status information. The tag may fail to send a return signal or a return status signal in response to being out of range of the controller, as may be the case if the item associated with the tag has been lost or stolen. 
   In block  430 , a determination may be made if the controller received an in-range signal or status signal from the associated tag currently being pinged or interrogated. If the in-range signal or status signal is received in block  430  an “OK” status or similar indication may be presented to the user by the controller in block  432  and the method  400  may return to block  424  and the method  400  may proceed as previously described. The “OK” status indication may be presented on a display of the controller, such as the display  334  of the exemplary controller  300  in  FIG. 3 . 
   If a determination is made in block  430  that an in-range signal or status signal was not received, the method  400  may advance to block  434 . In block  434 , an alarm may be activated. The alarm may be an audible alarm, a visual alarm or both. The audible alarm may involve generating an audible sound by an alarm device, such as the auditory device or speaker  320  in  FIG. 3 . The visual alarm or alert may involve flashing a light on the controller and/or presenting a message, such as “RANGE” in a display of the controller, such as display  334  of  FIG. 3 . 
   In block  436 , the alarm or alarms may be reset in response to activation of an alarm reset, such as “RESET” switch or button  330  of the controller  300  in  FIG. 3  or a similar reset means. While not shown in  FIG. 4 , the method  400  may then return to block  424  and the method  400  may continue as previously described. 
   In block  438 , a determination may be made if motion is detected in one of the tags associated with the controller. If no motion is detected, the method  400  may advance to block  440  and no signal may be transmitted to the controller or an “OK” signal or similar indication may be transmitted. The signal may be transmitted in response to an interrogation or ping signal from the controller. 
   If motion of the tag is detected in block  438 , the method  400  may advance to block  442 . In block  442 , a motion signal, motion detected signal or the like may be transmitted to the controller. The tag may also transmit a location of the tag relative to the controller, GPS/IMU coordinates, direction of motion of the tag relative to the controller or other status information. 
   In block  444 , a determination may be made if a motion signal or other status information signal indicating unauthorized movement of the tag has been received by the controller. If no motion signal has been received or a signal indicating that the status of the tag is okay, the method  400  may advance to block  432  and the “OK” status or similar indication may be presented. The method may then proceed as previously described. 
   If a motion signal is received in block  444  indicating that the tag has been moved or is being moved, the method  400  may advance to block  446 . In block  446 , an alarm may be activated. The alarm may be an audio alarm, a visual alarm or both. The audio alarm may involve generation of a audible signal by a device, such as audio device or speaker  320 . The visual alarm may involve illumination or flashing of a light on the controller and/or presentation of a message, such as “MOTION” or a similar indication on a display of the controller, such as display  334  in  FIG. 3 . 
   In block  448 , the alarm or alarms may be reset in response to activation of an alarm reset means, such as “RESET” switch or button  330  in  FIG. 3  or similar reset means. While not shown in  FIG. 4 , the method  400  may return to block  424  after a reset and the method  400  may proceed as previously described. The in-range detection features and motion detection features illustrated in  FIG. 4  are not intended to operate in any particular order relative to one another and may operate simultaneously with one another. 
   The controller or functions of the controller may be embodied in commercial electronic devices, such as a personal digital assistant (e.g., Palm Pilot, Blackberry, etc.) a cellular telephone or other wireless communications device. 
   The flowcharts and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
   The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
   Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, those of ordinary skill in the art appreciate that any arrangement which is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and that the invention has other applications in other environments. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the present invention. The following claims are in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention to the specific embodiments described herein.