Patent Publication Number: US-2022240416-A1

Title: Receptacle with connectable spring finger for multipoint contact conduction cooling

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     A removable device, such as a small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver device or a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) storage drive may consume a greater amount of power, while performing its respective functions, such as transmitting data, receiving data, processing data, storing data, or the like. Thus, the removable device may generate excessive waste-heat, while performing its respective functions. If the adequate amount of the waste-heat is not dissipated from the removable device, it may exceed thermal specifications of the removable device, and thereby degrade the performance, reliability, life expectancy of the removable device, and may also cause its failure. Accordingly, one or more heat sinks may be used to regulate the waste-heat in the removable device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various examples will be described below with reference to the following figures. 
         FIG. 1A  illustrates a perspective view of a host device having a cooling component according to an example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 1B  illustrates a perspective view of a removable device having a heat spreader according to an example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 1C  illustrates a perspective view of an electronic system having the removable device of  FIG. 1B  detachably connected to the host device of  FIG. 1A  according to an example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 1D  illustrates a side view of an electronic system according to an example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates a perspective view of a cooling component of a host device according to another example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates perspective view of a removable device having a heat spreader according to another example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates a block diagram of a receptacle disposed within a cooling component according to an example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates a block diagram of a receptacle disposed within a cooling component according to another according to another example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3C  illustrates a block diagram of a receptacle disposed within a cooling component according to yet another example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates a perspective view of a portion of a host device having a cooling component according to yet another example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates a perspective view of a removable device having a heat spreader according to yet another example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates a perspective view of an electronic system having the removable device of  FIG. 4B  connected to the host device of  FIG. 4A  according to yet another example implementation of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a flowchart depicting a method of thermal management of a removable device according to an example implementation of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the following description to refer to the same or similar parts. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only. While several examples are described in this document, modifications, adaptations, and other implementations are possible. Accordingly, the following detailed description does not limit the disclosed examples. Instead, the proper scope of the disclosed examples may be defined by the appended claims. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “plurality,” as used herein, is defined as two, or more than two. The term “another,” as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The term “coupled,” as used herein, is defined as connected, whether directly without any intervening elements or indirectly with at least one intervening elements, unless otherwise indicated. Two elements may be coupled mechanically, electrically, or communicatively linked through a communication channel, pathway, network, or system. The term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms, as these terms are only used to distinguish one element from another unless stated otherwise or the context indicates otherwise. As used herein, the term “includes” means includes but not limited to, the term “including” means including but not limited to. The term “based on” means based at least in part on. 
     As used herein, the term “host device” may refer to a type of a computing device, such as a server device, a storage device, a power conversion device, or a networking device, having a connector or a modular port for receiving a removable device. As used herein, the term “removable device” may refer to a type of a connectable electronic device, which is not native to the host device, or which is ancillary to the host device, and may have to be connected by way of plugging into the modular port of the host device for transmitting, receiving, storing, or processing data. For example, the removable device may be a pluggable transceiver device or a pluggable storage drive, or the like. The term “modular port” may refer to a type of electronic connector, which is native to the host device, or which is integral to the host device, and may provision the removable device to be detachably connectable to the host device. As used herein, the term “electronic system” may refer to a type of a compute infrastructure, for example, a rack or an enclosure, where the removable device and the host device may function as a plug and a socket of the compute infrastructure. Further, the term “connectable” may refer to fitting or plugging of the removable device into the modular port of the host device by way of inserting or sliding of the removable device into the modular port/socket of the host device. Further, as used herein, the term “thermal interface” may refer to surfaces of two components, which are in direct contact or indirect contact with one another to establish the thermal communication there between, so as to allow a waste-heat to transfer between those two components. As used herein, the term “direct thermal interface” may refer to surfaces of two components, which are in direct contact with one another to form the interface there between, and to allow the waste-heat transfer directly between the two components. For example, the direct thermal interface may be formed by the direct contact of a dry contact surface of each spring finger with a portion of the heat transfer device, in which there is no intermediary component (i.e., gap pad, grease, foam, or the like) in-between those two surfaces. The term “dry contact surface” may refer to a surface area of each spring finger, which is configured to contact a mutually opposite surface or portion (mating surface or portion) of another component, for example, the portion of the peripheral surface of the heat transfer device to directly transfer the waste-heat there between, without the presence of an intervening component. As used herein the term “cold plate” may refer to a type of a thermally conductive component, which may contain an internal tubing through which a liquid coolant is forced to flow, so as to absorb the waste-heat transferred to the cooling component by a waste-heat producing component, for example, a circuit board of a removable device, or one or more electronic components mounted on the circuit board. In some examples, the cold plate may also be referred to as a liquid-cooled dissipater. Further, the term “heat sink” may refer to a type of a passive heat exchanger that may transfer the waste-heat generated by the waste-heat producing component to a fluid medium, such as an air or a liquid coolant flowing over the heat sink. It may be noted herein: an object, device, or assembly (which may comprise multiple distinct bodies that are thermally coupled, and may include multiple different materials), is in “thermal communication” or is “thermally conductive” between two surfaces (that form the interface), if any one of the following is true: (i) a temperature difference between the two surfaces results in heat flux through the interface, (ii) the object is continuous piece of a material that has a thermal conductivity (often denoted k, λ, or κ) between the interface of about 200 W/mK to about 5000 W/mK, or (iii) the object is a heat pipe, vapor chamber, continuous body of copper, or continuous body of aluminum. Examples of materials whose thermal conductivity is between aforementioned ranges include certain types of copper, aluminum, silver, and gold, for example. 
     The present disclosure describes example implementations of an electronic system providing a thermal management of a removable device when connected to a host device of the electronic system. In accordance to one or more examples of the present disclosure, the electronic system may include the host device, the removable device, a receptacle, and a heat transfer device. In such examples, the host device may include a cooling component and the removable device may include a heat spreader. The receptacle may include a plurality of spring fingers, coupled to one of the cooling component or the heat spreader. The heat transfer device includes a first portion and a second portion. A first portion of the heat transfer device is coupled to one of the cooling component or the heat spreader, and a second portion of the heat transfer device is protruded outwards relative to one of the cooling component or the heat spreader. In such examples, when the removable device is connected to the host device, the second portion of the heat transfer device extends through the receptacle such that the plurality of spring fingers establish a direct thermal interface with the second portion to allow a waste-heat to transfer between the heat transfer device and one of the cooling component or the heat spreader via the receptacle. 
     For purposes of explanation, certain examples are described with reference to the components illustrated in  FIGS. 1-5 . The functionality of the illustrated components may overlap, however, and may be present in a fewer or greater number of elements and components. Further, all or part of the functionality of illustrated elements may co-exist or be distributed among several geographically dispersed locations. Moreover, the disclosed examples may be implemented in various environments and are not limited to the illustrated examples. Further, the sequence of operations described in connection with  FIG. 5  is an example and is not intended to be limiting. Additional or fewer operations or combinations of operations may be used or may vary without departing from the scope of the disclosed examples. Thus, the present disclosure merely sets forth possible examples of implementations, and many variations and modifications may be made to the described examples. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure and protected by the following claims. 
     A removable device, for example, a communication device ora storage drive may be a compact and a hot-pluggable electronic device/drive used for transferring, receiving, processing, or storing data. In some examples, the communication device, for example, a small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver when connected to a host device, such as a networking device may function as an intermediary component between a networking device connector, such as a switch, a router, a firewall, or a network card (or NIC) of the network device, and an interconnecting cable, such as a copper cable or an optical fiber that is coupled to the transceiver. Typically, in such examples, the transceiver converts electrical signals into optical signals or vice versa for transmitting or receiving data through the interconnecting cable. Accordingly, the transceiver may consume a greater amount of power to convert the signals, and may thereby produce excessive waste-heat. In some other examples, the storage device, for example, a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) storage drive when connected to the host device, such as the storage device may function as the intermediary component between a peripheral-component interconnect express (PCIe) connector of the storage device and a cable connecting the NVMe storage drive. Typically, in such examples, the NVMe storage drive may process, store, and transfer data through the cable. Accordingly, the NVMe storage drive may consume a greater amount of power to process, store, and transfer the data, and may thereby produce excessive waste-heat. 
     In such examples, if the excessive waste-heat produced by the removable device is not adequately dissipated, it may degrade the removable device&#39;s performance, reliability, life expectancy and may also cause its failure. Accordingly, a heat spreader is disposed in thermal communication with the removable device so as to dissipate the waste-heat from the removable device. In such examples, a cooling air passing over the heat spreader is used to remove the waste-heat from the heat spreader. However, when the removable device is connected to the host device, the heat spreader may not receive adequate supply of the cooling air to remove the waste-heat from the heat spreader. Accordingly, the host device may provide a cooling component to remove the waste-heat from the heat spreader. In some examples, the cooling component may establish a thermal interface (or thermal contact) with the heat spreader to transfer the waste-heat from the heat spreader to the cooling component for removing the waste-heat from the heat spreader. However, maintaining the thermal contact between the cooling component and the heat spreader may be difficult, as interfacing surfaces of the cooling component and the heat spreader may not be flat and/or smooth. Also, the accumulation of debris and/or surface imperfections (i.e., scratches, dents, or the like) may compromise the heat transfer between the interfacing surfaces. Further, it may be difficult to generate an optimal contact force/pressure to maintain the thermal contact or thermal interface between the interfacing surfaces. In some other examples, the cooling component and the heat spreader may establish and maintain the thermal interface there between via an intermediate component in order to remove the waste-heat from the heat spreader. However, interfacing components (i.e., the intermediate component and one of the heat spreader or the cooling component) may also have surface imperfections or may not have smooth surfaces. 
     Therefore, in order to address the aforementioned issues, a TIM, such as thermally conductive gap pads or thermal greases may be disposed in-between the interfacing components. However, repetitive plugging/ unplugging of the removable device into the host device may result in peeling of the gap pads or may degrade the gap pads over a period of time. Similarly, repetitive plugging/unplugging of the removable device into the host device may make the thermal grease messy, easily scraped off from the host device, when the removable device is glided (slided) into the host device, or have to be replaced after every service event. Further, when the TIM is disposed between the interfacing components, the electronic system may need to apply a force (i.e., load) to establish and maintain the thermal interface between the interfacing components via the TIM. In other words, the load may have to be optimal (i.e., limited or restricted) on the interfacing components in order to establish and maintain the thermal communication between the interfacing components via the TIM. However, if the load gets transferred from the interfacing components to any other components of the removable device, it may damage those components. For example, the removable device discussed hereinabove may comprise an open device structure, e.g., a circuit board and/or one or more electronic components mounted on the circuit card and directly exposed to an outside environment, and may get damaged due to the load transferred from the interfacing components. In other words, since the one or more electronic components, such as a processing resource mounted on the circuit board, and/or a ball grid array (BGA) used for mounting the processing resource to the circuit board, are pressure sensitive components, they may crumble due to the load transferred from the interfacing components. 
     Further, during connecting and disconnecting the removable device to the host device, the cooling component of the host device or the heat spreader of the removable device may exert a resistive force opposing an insertion force applied to connect the removable device to the host device or a withdrawal force applied to disconnect the removable device from the host device. In such examples, maintaining an optimal resistive force, which is within acceptable safety limits to avoid repetitive force (e.g., insertion force or withdrawal force) related injuries are extremely difficult. 
     A technical solution to the aforementioned problems may include providing an electronic system for a thermal management of a removable device when connected to a host device of the electronic system. In one or more examples, the electronic system may include the host device, the removable device, a receptacle, and a heat transfer device. The host device may include a cooling component and the removable device may include a heat spreader. The receptacle may include a plurality of spring fingers, coupled to one of the cooling component or the heat spreader. The heat transfer device includes a first portion and a second portion, where the first portion is coupled to one of the cooling component or the heat spreader and a second portion is protruded outwards relative to one of the cooling component or the heat spreader. In some examples, when the receptacle is disposed in a thermal contact and coupled to the cooling component, the first portion of the heat transfer device is disposed in thermal contact and coupled to the heat spreader. In such examples, when the removable device is detachably connected to the host device, the second portion of the heat transfer device extends through the receptacle, such that the plurality of spring fingers establish a direct thermal interface with the second portion to allow a waste-heat to transfer from the heat spreader to the cooling component via the heat transfer device and the receptacle. In some other examples, when the receptacle is disposed in thermal contact and coupled to the heat spreader, the first portion of the heat transfer device is disposed in thermal contact and coupled to the cooling component. In such examples, when the removable device is detachably connected to the host device, the second portion of the heat transfer device extends through the receptacle, such that the plurality of spring fingers establish the direct thermal interface with the second portion to allow the waste-heat to transfer from the heat spreader to the cooling component via the receptacle and the heat transfer device. In some examples, the heat transfer device is a heat pipe. In some other examples, the heat transfer device is a vapor chamber. 
     In one or more examples, each spring finger may apply an optimal contact force to allow easy plugging (e.g., inserting or sliding) of the removable device into the host device. For example, each spring finger may get compressed so as to deflect marginally towards a frame of the receptacle when the removable device is plugged into the host device. However, the optimal spring force exerted by each of the plurality of spring fingers may be sufficient to establish the direct thermal interface between the dry contact surface of each spring finger and the heat transfer device. In other words, the plurality of spring fingers may provide a multiplicity (array) of the contact force or spring force to create a substantially low insertion force for plugging the removable device into the host device. At the same time, the plurality of spring fingers may provide the multipoint contact conduction cooling of the removable device through the plurality of spring fingers for an effective thermal management of the removable device. 
     In some examples, the multiplicity of the contact force or spring force exerted by the plurality of spring fingers is within acceptable safety limits to avoid repetitive force (e.g., insertion force or removal force) related injuries. For example, the contact force or the spring force exerted by each spring finger may be in a range from about  0 . 04  pound-force to  0 . 08  pound-force. In some examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers may deflect in a range from about  0 . 5  millimeter to  1 . 0  millimeter to allow the removable device to be easily plugged into the host device. The plurality of spring fingers may be able to maintain the multipoint contact with the heat transfer device, even though the heat transfer device has a non-smooth surface, a non-flat surface, surface imperfections, or debris, because each spring finger may independently generate the optimal spring force to establish the direct thermal interface with the heat transfer device. Further, since each spring finger may use a substantially small surface area of the dry contact surface for independently exerting the spring force on the peripheral surface of the heat transfer device, the plurality of spring fingers may further maintain the multipoint contact with the heat transfer device having the aforementioned problems related to the surface. In some examples, the surface area of the dry contact surface of each spring finger may be in range from about 0.2 square millimeter to 0.6 square millimeter. Further, since the plurality of spring fingers are configured to establish the direct thermal interface with the heat transfer device, the need fora TIM to establish the thermal interface between the receptacle and the heat transfer device may be avoided. Accordingly, the usage of the plurality of spring fingers may overcome the aforementioned problems related to the TIM. 
     Further, since an amount of the forces applied by the plurality of spring fingers of the receptacle on the heat transfer device is controllable, examples described herein may not allow a transfer of a load of the interfacing components (i.e., receptacle and the heat transfer device) to any other components of the removable device, for example at least one of the circuit board, the one or more electronic components mounted on the circuit board, or the BGA used for mounting the one or more electronic components on the circuit board. Hence, examples described herein may prevent the transfer of the load from the interfacing components to the circuit board, the one or more electronic components, or the BGA, and damage to those components. 
       FIG. 1A  depicts a perspective view of a host device  102  of an electronic system  100  (as shown in  FIGS. 10 and 1D ), having a cooling component  106 . In one or more examples, the host device  102  may be a computing device, such as a server device, a storage device, a power conversion device, or a networking device, having a modular connector. In the example of  FIG. 1A , the host device  102  is a networking device. In one or more examples, the host device  102  further includes a partially open housing  110  and a connector  112 . 
     The partially open housing  110  is defined by a cover  114 , a pair of side rails  116 , and a rear panel  118 . Each side rail of the pair of side rails  116  is coupled to one peripheral side of the cover  114 . The rear panel  118  is coupled to a rear side of cover  114  and to the pair of side rails  116 . The rear panel  118  includes a cut-out to allow the connector  112  to be inserted and coupled to the rear panel  118 . 
     Each side rail of the pair of side rails  116  includes a plurality of through openings  120  to allow the housing  110  to be coupled to a chassis (not shown in  FIG. 1A ) of the electronic system  100  using fasteners, such as screws, rivets, or the like. The rear side of the cover  114  includes a first protruded portion  122  having a plurality of first through recesses  124  to allow the cooling component  106  to be coupled to the housing  110 . The front side of the housing  110  may receive a removable device  104  (as shown in  FIGS. 1B, 10, and 1D ) when connected to the host device  102 . 
     The connector  112  (or a modular port) of the host device  102  may communicatively couple the removable device  104  to the host device  102 , when it is connected to (plugged into) the housing  110  of the host device  102 . For example, the connector  112  may have a slot (or socket) to receive a plug (i.e., a portion of a circuit board (not shown) of the removable device  104 , and to communicatively couple the removable device  104  to the host device  102 . In some examples, the connector  112  may be a networking device connector, a USB connector, a peripheral-component interconnect express (PCIe) connector, or the like. It may be noted herein that the terms “connector” and “modular port” may be used interchangeably. In the example of  FIGS. 1A, 1C, and 1D , the connector  112  is a network switch that may allow the removable device  104  to be detachably coupled to the host device  102 . 
     In the example of  FIG. 1A , the cooling component  106  is a cold plate. In one or more examples, the cooling component  106  is a thermally conductive component, which may be disposed in thermal communication with a heat spreader  108  (shown in  FIGS. 1B, 1C, and 1D ) of the removable device  104 , via a receptacle  136  and a heat transfer device  150  (shown in  FIGS. 1B, 1C, and 1D ), and may include provisions to allow a liquid coolant to flow through it for dissipating a waste-heat from the cooling component  106 . 
     In the example of  FIG. 1A , the cooling component  106  is a square-shaped thermally conductive component. In some examples, the cooling component  106  is made of a plurality of blocks  126  and a plenum  128  disposed there between and coupled to the plurality of blocks  126 . In one or more examples, each block of the plurality of blocks  126  has a first recess  130 . In some examples, a pair of first blocks  126 A of the plurality of blocks  126  are disposed sequentially and coupled to one another such that the first recess of the pair of first blocks  126 A are aligned and extend between a first end  132  and a second end  134  of the cooling component  106 . Similarly, a pair of second blocks  126 B of the plurality of blocks  126  are disposed sequentially and coupled to another such that the first recess of the pair of second blocks  1266  are aligned and extend between the first end  132  and the second end  134 . In the example of  FIG. 1A , the cooling component  106  includes four numbers of the plurality of blocks  126  and one plenum  128 . 
     The plenum  128  includes a pair of peripheral walls  138 , a front wall  140 , a rear wall  142 , a lid  144 , and a base (not labeled), which are coupled to one another to define a hollow space there between. In some examples, the rear wall  142  has a fluid inlet  146  and a fluid outlet  148 . In one or more examples, the pair of peripheral walls  138  is coupled to the plurality of blocks  126  such that the plenum  128  is in thermal contact with the plurality of blocks  126 . Further, the front wall  140  includes a second protruded portion  152  having a plurality of second through recesses  154 . In some examples, the second protruded portion  152  is disposed over the first protruded portion  122  such that the plurality of first and second through recesses  124 ,  154  are aligned to one another to allow the cooling component  106  to be coupled to the housing  110  via a fastener, such as screws, rivets, or the like. In some examples, the plenum  128  may further include an interior channel (not shown) disposed within the hollow space, and extending between the fluid inlet  146  and the fluid outlet  148 , and such interior channel may be integral to a main body of the plenum  128 . In some examples, the interior channel may include features, such as fins, pin fin arrays, surface roughening to increase the amount of its surface area that is exposed to the liquid coolant. In some other examples, the interior channel may also include other features, such as turbulators that enhance turbulence in the flow of the liquid coolant. In one or more examples, the features that enhance the surface area or the turbulence may result in increasing thermal performance of the liquid coolant. In some other examples, the plenum  128  may include a pipe or a tube that extends through the hollow space of the plenum  128 , where the pipe or the tube may be a distinct part from the main body of the plenum  128 . 
     In some examples, the fluid inlet  146  may be coupled to an inlet channel  155 , and the fluid outlet  148  may be coupled to an outlet channel  156 . In such examples, the fluid inlet  146  and the fluid outlet  148  may be sealed liquid tight to the inlet channel  155  and the outlet channel  156  respectively, using sealant, for example, a gasket, an adhesive, an  0 -ring, or the like. In some other examples, the fluid inlet  146  and the fluid outlet  148  may be soldered or brazed to the inlet channel  155  and the outlet channel  156  respectively. In one or more examples, the inlet channel  155  may be further coupled to a supply line manifold (not shown) that is fluidically connected to a coolant distribution unit (not shown). Similarly, the outlet channel  156  may be further coupled to a return line manifold (not shown) that is fluidically connected to the coolant distribution unit. In some examples, the coolant distribution unit may be a rack-level liquid cooling system, a row-level liquid cooling system, a datacenter-level liquid cooling system, or the like. In one or more examples, the coolant distribution unit may include a pump (not shown) that is configured to supply the liquid coolant to the plenum  128  of the cooling component  106  via the supply line manifold and the inlet channel  155 , and receive a heated liquid coolant from the plenum  128  of the cooling component  106  via the outlet channel  156  and the return line manifold. It may be noted herein that the coolant distribution system may include a heat exchanger (not shown) to remove the waste-heat from the heated liquid coolant and regenerate the liquid coolant. The process of supplying the liquid coolant and receiving the heated liquid coolant may continue, as discussed herein above. 
     In one or more examples, the receptacle  136  is a thermally conductive component, which may be disposed in thermal contact with the cooling component  106  and coupled to the cooling component  106 . For example, the receptacle  136  is disposed along and coupled to at least a portion of the first recess  130  such that an outer surface of a frame  157  of the receptacle  136  is in thermal contact with an inner surface of the cooling component  106 , for example the block of the plurality of blocks  126 . In the example of  FIG. 1A , at least one receptacle  136  is disposed within the first recess  130  of each block of the plurality of blocks  126 . The frame  157  of the receptacle  136  may be soldered to the inner surface of the cooling component  106 , for example, the block of the plurality of blocks  126 . In some examples, the solder may include a thermally conductive material, for example, a copper material, an aluminum material, or the like. 
     The receptacle  136  further includes a plurality of spring fingers  158  disposed in thermal contact with the frame  157  of the receptacle  136 . In one or more examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers  158  is a thermally conductive component. In some examples, the plurality of spring fingers  158  are spaced apart from each other along a circumferential direction  10  of the electronic system  100  to form an array of spring fingers (as shown in  3 A- 3 C, for example). In one or more examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers  158  may be defined by a first end, a second end, and a body interconnecting the first and second ends. In the example of  FIG. 1A , each of the plurality of spring fingers  158  is a cantilever shaped spring finger  158 A. In such examples, the first end, the second end, and the body of each spring finger  158  may have a substantially same size (e.g., width, thickness) to define the spring finger  158  having the cantilever shaped geometry. Further, the first end and the second end may be maintained at different heights by the body. The first end may be coupled to a portion of the frame  157  of the receptacle  136 , and the second end may have a dry contact surface. In such examples, the first end may be soldered to an inner surface of the frame  157 . In some examples, the solder may include a thermally conductive material, for example, a copper material, an aluminum material, or the like. In such examples, when the removable device  104  (having the heat transfer device  150  coupled to the heat spreader  108 ), is plugged into the host device  102 , the second end of each spring finger  158  may be compressed so as to marginally deflect inwards, for example, towards the frame  157 , where the deflection is in a range from about 0.5 millimeter to 1.0 millimeter in order to establish a direct thermal interface (or contact) with the heat spreader  108  of the removable device  104 , via the heat transfer device  150 . In some examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers  158  is a discrete component. In some other examples, the first end of each of the plurality of spring fingers  158  may be coupled or merged to one another to form a circular strip of plurality of spring fingers  158 . 
     In some examples, the cooling component  106 , the receptacle  136 , and the plurality of spring fingers  158  may be formed of a thermally conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, or the like. The first and second protruded portions  122 ,  152  may be formed of a ferrous material, such as steel or the like. The inlet channel  155  and the outlet channel  156  may be formed of a polymer material. Further, each of the inlet and outlet channels  155 ,  156  respectively, may be a flexible channel. 
       FIG. 1B  depicts a perspective view of a removable device  104  of an electronic system  100  (as shown in  FIGS. 10 and 1D ), having a heat spreader  108 . In one or more examples, the removable device  104  may be a connectable electronic device (or a pluggable electronic device), for example, a communication device or a storage device. In some examples, the communication device may be a small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver, a quad small form-factor pluggable transceiver coupled to an active optical cable (AOC), or the like. Similarly, the storage device may be a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) storage drive, or the like. It may be noted herein that the terms “removable device”, “removable electronic device”, “pluggable removable device”, and “connectable electronic device” may be used interchangeably. In the example of  FIG. 1B , the removable device  104  is a transceiver. In one or more examples, the removable device  104  further includes a partially open housing  192 , a plurality of external connectors  194 , a pair of latches  196 , an optical assembly  198 , a circuit board  200 , and one or more electronic components (not shown in  FIG. 1B ) coupled to the circuit board  200 . 
     The partially open housing  192  is defined by a base  208 , a pair of peripheral walls  210 , and a rear panel  212 . Each wall of the pair of peripheral walls  210  is coupled to one peripheral side of the base  208 . The rear panel  212  is coupled to a rear side of the base  208  and to the pair of peripheral walls  210 . The rear panel  212  may include a cut-out (not shown) to allow the pair of external connectors  194  to be inserted and coupled to the circuit board  200  and/or to the optical assembly  198  via suitable communication mechanism, for example, cabling, or the like. Each wall of the pair of peripheral walls  210  includes a plurality of through openings  214  to allow a corresponding latch of the pair of latches  196  to be coupled to the housing  192  of the removable device  104 . Each external connector of the pair of external connectors  194  may receive an optical cable  202 , or the like. For example, each external connector  194  may have a slot (or socket) to receive the optical cable  202  and to communicatively couple the optical cable  202  to the circuit board  200  and/or to the optical assembly  198 . In some examples, the circuit board  200  may be a rectangular or square shaped semiconductor component mounted on and coupled to the base  208  of the housing  192 . In some examples, the one or more electronic components may include a processor, capacitors, resistors, or the like. 
     The heat spreader  108  is disposed at a front side of the removable device  104 . In some examples, the heat spreader  108  is mounted on the circuit board  200  and/or the one or more electronic components. For example, the heat spreader  108  may be coupled to the base  208  of the housing  192  via the circuit board  200  using the plurality of spring loaded shoulder screws  206 . In such examples, the plurality of spring loaded shoulder screws  206  is inserted via a plurality of through openings (not labeled) of the heat spreader  108  so as to couple the heat spreader  108  to the base  208 . In some examples, the heat spreader  108  is in thermal communication with the circuit board  200  and/or the one or more electronic components. For example, each of the plurality of spring loaded shoulder screws  206  may exert an optimal load/force on the heat spreader  108  such that a flat lower surface  167  of the heat spreader  108  is in direct thermal communication with the one or more electronic components or the circuit board  200 . In some other examples, the flat lower surface  167  of the heat spreader  108  may be in indirect thermal communication with the circuit board and/or one or more electronic components of the circuit board  200  via a TIM. In some examples, the TIM may be a polymer matrix, such as an epoxy or silicone resin, and thermally conductive fillers such as boron nitride, alumina, aluminum, zinc oxide, silver, or the like. 
     In the example of  FIG. 1B , the heat spreader  108  is a rectangular-shaped thermally conductive solid component. As discussed herein, the heat spreader  108  may establish the direct thermal contact with a heat source, for example, the circuit board  200  and/or one or more electronic components mounted on the circuit board  200  via the flat lower surface  167 . In such examples, the heat spreader  108  may further include an upper surface  169  having a second recess  160 . In the example of  FIG. 1B , the second recess  160  is a curved recess having a first end portion  160 A and a second end portion  160 B, which are located spaced apart from one another, and disposed at a front end  162  of the heat spreader  108 . 
     In one or more examples, the electronic system  100  may further include a heat transfer device  150 . In some examples, the heat transfer device  150  may be a thermally conductive component. In the example of  FIG. 1  B, the heat transfer device  150  is a heat pipe  150 A. In some non-limiting examples, the heat transfer device  150  may be a vapor chamber (as shown in  FIG. 4B ). In the example of  FIG. 1B , the heat pipe  150 A is a “U”-shaped component. For example, the heat pipe  150 A has a first portion  150 A 1 , a pair of second portions  150 A 3 , and a pair of body portions  150 A 2  interconnecting the first portion  150 A 1  and the pair of second portions  150 A 3 . In some examples, the first portion  150 A 1  may be an evaporator section of the heat transfer device  150  and the pair of second portions  150 A 3  may be a condenser section of the heat transfer device  150 . In the example of  FIG. 1B , the first portion  150 A 1  is a curved portion, which may have a complementary profile to that of the second recess  160  of the heat spreader  108 . Further, each second portion of the pair of second portions  150 A 3  may be a straight portion of the heat pipe  150 A. Similarly, each body portion of the pair of body portions  150 A 2  may be a straight upward inclined portion of the heat pipe  150 A. In one or more examples, the heat pipe  150 A may be a two phase heat transfer device with a very high effective thermal conductivity. In one or more examples, the heat pipe  150 A may be a vacuum tight device having a casing, a working fluid, and a wick structure. During operation, a waste-heat conducted to the heat pipe  150 A from the heat source, for example, the heat spreader  108  may vaporize the working fluid (liquid phase) inside the wick structure in the first portion  150 A 1 . The saturated vapor (gaseous phase) carrying the latent heat of vaporization may then flow towards the pair of second portions  150 A 3  via the pair of body portions  150 A 2 . In the pair of second portions  150 A 3 , the saturated vapor may condense and gives up its latent heat to the cooling component  106  to reproduce the working fluid (liquid phase). The condensed liquid may return to the first portion  150 A 1  through the wick structure by capillary action. The phase change processes and two-phase flow circulation continue as long as the temperature gradient is established and maintained between the first portion  150 A 1  and the pair of second portions  150 A 3 . 
     In one or more examples, the heat transfer device  150  may be disposed along the second recess  160  and coupled to the heat spreader  108  via soldering. For example, the soldering may include a thermally conductive material, for example, a copper material, an aluminum material, or the like. In the example of  FIG. 1B , the first portion  150 A 1  is disposed along the second recess  160  and coupled to the heat spreader  108 . The pair of body portions  150 A 2  is disposed over a portion of the circuit board  200  such that a gap (not labeled) is formed there between the pair of body portions  150 A 2  and the circuit board  200 . The pair of second portions  150 A 3  may extend outwardly beyond the circuit board  200 . For example, the pair of second portions  150 A 3  may protrude outwards relative to the heat spreader  108 . In one or more examples, the heat spreader  108  and the heat transfer device  150  may be formed of a thermally conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, or the like. 
       FIG. 10  depicts a perspective view of an electronic system  100  having a removable device  104  of  FIG. 1B , detachably connected to a host device  102  of  FIG. 1A . Similarly,  FIG. 1D  depicts a side view of the electronic system  100  of  FIG. 10 . It may be noted herein that a housing  110  and a connector  112  of the host device  102  depicted in the example of  FIG. 1A , are not shown in the example of  FIG. 10  for ease of illustration purpose, and such an illustration should not be construed as a limitation of the present disclosure. 
     In some examples, the electronic system  100  is a compute infrastructure, such as a rack or an enclosure of a data center having the host device  102 , such as a server device, a storage device, a power conversion device, or a networking device, and the removable device  104 , such as a data communication device, or a storage drive. In one or more examples, the removable device  104  and the host device  102  may function as a plug and a socket of the compute infrastructure. In the example of  FIGS. 10 and 1D , the host device  102  is the networking device having the connector, and the removable device  104  is the data communication device having a transceiver. In some examples, the connector may be an Ethernet switch, and the transceiver may be an SFP transceiver coupled to an AOC (not shown) or a QSFP transceiver coupled to the AOC. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1D , the removable device  104  is slidably inserted into the housing  110  of the host device  102  so as to detachably couple the removable device  104  to the host device  102 . For example, when the removable device  104  is connected to the host device  102 , a portion  200 A of a circuit board  200  of the removable device  104  is plugged into a slot  112 A of the connector  112  of the host device  102 . In other words, the circuit board  200  of the removable device  104  may be communicatively coupled to a circuit board (not shown) of the host device  102  via the connector  112 . Accordingly, when the removable device  104  is connected to the host device  102 , it may be held in non-movable condition, because the portion  200 A of the circuit board  200  is plugged into the slot  112 A of the connector  112 . In such examples, a pair of second portions  150 A 3  of the heat transfer device  150  is inserted into the host device  102  via the receptacle  136  (as shown in  FIG. 1A ) disposed in the first recess  130 . In such examples, the plurality of spring fingers  158  (as shown in FIG. 1 A) of the receptacle  136  may establish a direct thermal interface with each second portion of the pair of second portions  150 A 3  of the heat transfer device  150  to allow a waste-heat to transfer from the heat transfer device  150  to the cooling component  106  via the receptacle  136 , for example, via the frame  157  and each spring finger  158  (shown in  FIG. 1A ) of the receptacle  136 . 
     In one or more examples, a first thermally conductive (a low resistance) path may be created between the heat source, such as the circuit board  200  (and/or the one or more electronic components), the heat spreader  108 , and the first portion  150 A 1  of the heat transfer device  150 . Similarly, a second thermally conductive path may be created between each second portion  150 A 3  of the heat transfer device  150 , the plurality of spring fingers  158 , the frame  157 , and the cooling component  106 . Further, a third thermally conductive path may be created between the cooling component  106  and the liquid coolant circuited within the cooling component  106 . Thus, the electronic system  100  enables i) dissipation of the waste-heat from the circuit board  200  (and/or the electronic components) to the heat spreader  108 , ii) transfer of the waste-heat from the heat spreader  108  to the heat transfer device  150 , iii) transfer of waste-heat from first portion  150 A 1  to the pair of second portions  150 A 3 , iv) transfer of the waste-heat from the heat transfer device  150  to the cooling component  106  via the receptacle  136 , and v) dissipation of the waste-heat from the cooling component  106  to the liquid coolant. 
     In particular, during operation of the electronic system  100 , the one or more electronic components and/or the circuit board  200 , the external connector  194 , and the optical assembly  198  of the removable device  104  may operate in tandem to transmit, receive, process, or store data. Accordingly, the removable device  104  may consume a greater amount of power, and may thereby produce an increased amount of the waste-heat. In such examples, the heat spreader  108  coupled to the circuit board  200  and/or the one or more electronic components coupled to the circuit board  200 , may dissipate the waste-heat from those devices towards the heat pipe  150 A. In some examples, the coolant liquid filled within the first portion  150 A 1  of the heat pipe  150 A may absorb the waste-heat to aid in dissipating the waste-heat from the circuit board  200  and/or the plurality of electronic components to the heat pipe  150 A. The pair of body portions  150 A 2  of the heat pipe  150 A may transfer the waste-heat to the pair of second portions  150 A 3  of the heat pipe  150 A. The plurality of spring fingers  158 , which is in thermal contact with the pair of second portions  150 A 3  of the heat pipe  150 A may transfer the waste-heat from the heat pipe  150 A to the frame  157  of the receptacle  136 . For example, the dry contact surface of each spring finger  158 , which is in thermal contact with the peripheral surface of the pair of the second portions  150 A 3 , transfers the dissipated waste-heat from the removable device  104  to the receptacle  136  via the plurality of spring fingers  158  and the frame  157 . Further, the receptacle  136  may transfer the waste-heat to the cooling component  106 , for example, to the plurality of blocks  126  of the cooling component  106 . Later, the coolant liquid flowing in the plenum  128  may absorb the waste-heat from the plurality of blocks  126  of the cooling component  106  and generate heated coolant (not labeled), thereby cooling the cooling component  106 . The heated coolant liquid may be pumped outside of the electronic system  100  to exchange the heat with an external coolant (not shown) and regenerate the coolant liquid. Thus, in accordance to one or more examples of the present disclosure, the plurality of spring fingers  158  may provide the multipoint contact conduction cooling of the removable device  104  for an effective thermal management of the removable device  104 . 
     In one or more examples, each spring finger  158  may apply an optimal contact force on the heat transfer device  150  to allow easy plugging (e.g., inserting or sliding) of the removable device  104  into the host device  102 . For example, each spring finger  158  may get compressed to deflect marginally inwards, for example, towards the frame  157 , when the removable device  104  is plugged into the host device  102 . However, the optimal spring force exerted by each of the plurality of spring fingers  158  may be sufficient to establish the direct thermal interface between a dry contact surface of each spring finger  158  and a peripheral surface of the heat transfer device  150 . In other words, the plurality of spring fingers  158  may provide a multiplicity (array) of the contact force or spring force to create a substantially low insertion force for plugging the removable device  104  into the host device  102 . In some examples, the multiplicity of the contact force or the spring force exerted by the plurality of spring fingers  158  is within acceptable safety limits to avoid repetitive force (e.g., insertion force or removal force) related injuries. For example, the contact force or the spring force exerted by each spring finger  158  may be in a range from about  0 . 04  pound-force to  0 . 08  pound-force. In some examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers  158  may deflect in a range from about 0.5 millimeter to 1.0 millimeter to allow the heat transfer device  150  coupled to the removable device  104  to be easily plugged into the host device  102 . 
     In one or more examples, the plurality of spring fingers  158  may be able to maintain the multipoint contact (i.e., via the dry contact surface of each spring finger) with the peripheral surface of the heat transfer device  150 , even though the peripheral surface has a non-smooth surface, a non-flat surface, surface imperfections, or debris, because each spring finger  158  may independently generate the optimal spring force to establish the direct thermal interface with a mutually opposite portion of the peripheral surface. Further, each spring finger  158  may use a substantially small surface area of the dry contact surface for independently exerting the spring force on the peripheral surface. In some examples, the surface area of the dry contact surface of each spring finger  158  may be in range from about  0 . 2  square millimeter to  0 . 6  square millimeter. Since the dry contact surface of the plurality of spring fingers  158  establishes the direct thermal interface with the peripheral surface of the heat transfer device  150 , the need for a TIM to establish the thermal interface (as per a conventional electronic system) between the receptacle  136  and the heat transfer device  150  may be avoided. Accordingly, the usage of the plurality of spring fingers  158  may overcome the aforementioned problems related to the TIM. 
       FIG. 2A  depicts a perspective view of a portion of host device  302  of an electronic system, having a cooling component  306 . In one or more examples, the host device  302  may further include a partially open housing and a connector (as shown in the example of  FIG. 1A ). It may be noted herein that the housing and the connector of the host device  302  are not shown in the example of  FIG. 2A  for ease of illustration purpose, and such an illustration should not be construed as a limitation of the present disclosure. 
     In some examples, the cooling component  306  is a cold plate. In one or more examples, the cooling component  306  is a thermally conductive component, which may be disposed in thermal communication with a heat spreader  308  of a removable device  304 , via a receptacle  336  (shown in  FIG. 2B ) and a heat transfer device  350 , and may include provisions to allow a liquid coolant to flow through it for dissipating a waste-heat from the cooling component  306 . 
     As discussed in the example of  FIG. 1A , the cooling component  306  is made of a plurality of first blocks  326  and a plenum  328  disposed there between and coupled to the plurality of first blocks  326 . In one or more examples, each block of the plurality of first blocks  326  has a first recess  330 . The plenum  328  includes a pair of peripheral walls  338 , a front wall  340 , a rear wall  342 , a lid  344 , and a base (not labeled), which are coupled to one another to define a hollow space there between. In some examples, the rear wall  342  has a fluid inlet  346  and a fluid outlet  348 . In one or more examples, the pair of peripheral walls  338  is coupled to the plurality of first blocks  326  such that the plenum  328  is in thermal contact with the plurality of first blocks  326 . Further, the front wall  340  includes a second protruded portion  352 , which may be used to couple the cooling component  306  to the housing of the host device  302 . In some examples, the fluid inlet  346  may be coupled to an inlet channel  355 , and the fluid outlet  348  may be coupled to an outlet channel  356 . In one or more examples, the inlet channel  355  may be further coupled to a supply line manifold (not shown) that is fluidically connected to a coolant distribution unit (not shown). Similarly, the outlet channel  356  may be further coupled to a return line manifold (not shown) that is fluidically connected to the coolant distribution unit. 
     In one or more examples, the electronic system may further include a pair of heat transfer devices  350 . In some examples, each heat transfer device of the pair of heat transfer devices  350  may be a thermally conductive component. In the example of  FIG. 2A , each heat transfer device of the pair of heat transfer devices  350  is a heat pipe  350 A. In some non-limiting examples, each heat transfer device  350  may be a vapor chamber (as shown in  FIG. 4B ). The heat pipe  350 A has a pair of first portions  350 A 1  and a pair of second portions  350 A 2 . In some examples, each portion of the pair of first portions  350 A 1  may be an evaporator section of the heat pipe  350 A, and each portion of the pair of second portions  350 A 2  may be a condenser section of the heat pipe  350 A. In one or more examples, the heat pipe  350 A may be a two phase heat transfer device with a very high effective thermal conductivity. In one or more examples, the heat pipe  350 A may be a vacuum tight device having a casing, a working fluid, and a wick structure. In one or more examples, the heat pipe  350 A may be disposed along the first recess  330  of each first block  326  and coupled to the cooling component  306  via soldering. In the example of  FIG. 2A , the first portion  350 A 1  is disposed along the first recess  330  of each first block  326 . Further, the first portion  350 A 1  is coupled to the cooling component  306 . The pair of second portions  350 A 2  may extend outwardly beyond the cooling component  306 . For example, the pair of second portions  350 A 2  may protrude outwards relative to the cooling component  306 . In one or more examples, the cooling component  306  and the heat transfer device  350  may be formed of a thermally conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, or the like. 
       FIG. 2B  depicts a perspective view of a removable device  304  of an electronic system, having a heat spreader  308 . In one or more examples, the removable device  304  further includes a partially open housing  392 , a plurality of external connectors  394 , a pair of latches  396 , an optical assembly  398 , a circuit board  400 , and one or more electronic components (not shown in  FIG. 1B ) coupled to the circuit board  400 . 
     The partially open housing  392  is defined by a base, a pair of peripheral walls, and a rear panel  412 . In some examples, the rear panel  412  may include a cut-out (not shown) to allow the pair of external connectors  394  to be inserted and coupled to the circuit board  400  and/or to the optical assembly  398  via suitable communication mechanism, for example, cabling, or the like. Each external connector of the pair of external connectors  394  may receive an optical cable  402 , or the like. For example, each external connector  394  may have a slot (or socket) to receive the optical cable  402  and to communicatively couple the optical cable  402  to the circuit board  400  and/or to the optical assembly  398 . 
     The heat spreader  308  is a thermally conductive solid component, disposed proximate to a front side of the removable device  304 . In some examples, the heat spreader  308  is mounted on the circuit board  400  and/or the one or more electronic components and coupled to the base of the housing  392  using the plurality of spring loaded shoulder screws  404 . In some examples, the heat spreader  308  is in thermal communication with the circuit board  400  and/or the one or more electronic components. For example, each of the plurality of spring loaded shoulder screws  404  may exert an optimal load/force on the heat spreader  308  such that a flat lower surface (not shown) of the heat spreader  308  is in direct thermal communication with the one or more electronic components or the circuit board  400 . The heat spreader  308  may further include a plurality of second blocks  410  disposed on and coupled to an upper surface  369  of the heat spreader  308 . Each block of the plurality of second blocks  410  includes a second recess  360 . In some examples, a pair of blocks  410 A of the plurality of second blocks  410  are disposed sequentially and coupled to one another such that the second recess of the pair of blocks  410 A are aligned. Similarly, a pair of blocks  410 B of the plurality of second blocks  410  are disposed sequentially and coupled to another such that the second recess of the pair of blocks  410 B are aligned. In the example of  FIG. 2B , the heat spreader  308  includes four second blocks  410  and each block includes a receptacle  336 . 
     In one or more examples, the receptacle  336  is a thermally conductive component, which may be disposed in thermal contact with the heat spreader  308 , for example, via the plurality of second blocks  410 . For example, the receptacle  336  is disposed along and coupled to at least a portion of the second recess  360  such that an outer surface of a frame  357  of the receptacle  336  is in thermal contact with an inner surface of the heat spreader  308 , for example the block of the plurality of second blocks  410 . In the example of  FIG. 1A , at least one receptacle  336  is disposed within the second recess  360  of each block of the plurality of second blocks  410 . The frame  357  of the receptacle  336  may be soldered to the inner surface of the heat spreader  308 , for example, the block of the plurality of second blocks  410 . The receptacle  336  includes a plurality of spring fingers  358 . In one or more examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers  358  is a thermally conductive component, which may be disposed in thermal contact with the frame  357  of the receptacle  336 . In some examples, the plurality of spring fingers  358  are spaced apart from each other along a circumferential direction  10  of the electronic system to form an array of spring fingers (as shown in  3 A- 3 C, for example). In one or more examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers  358  may be defined by a first end, a second end, and a body interconnecting the first and second ends. In the example of  FIG. 2B , each of the plurality of spring fingers  358  is a torsional spring finger  358 A. In such examples, the first end, the second end, and the body of each spring finger  358  may have substantially same size (e.g., width, thickness). Further, the second end is disposed at an offset distance relative to the first end. Additionally, the first and second ends are coupled to the portion of the frame  357 , and the body having a dry contact surface, may bent inwardly relative to the frame  357 . In such examples, the first end and the second end may be soldered to an inner surface of the frame  357  of the receptacle  336  using thermal conductive material. In some examples, when the removable device  304  is plugged into the host device  302  (having the heat transfer device  350  coupled to the cooling component  306 ), the body of each spring finger  358  may be compressed so as to marginally deflect inwards, for example, towards the frame  375 , where the deflection is in a range from about 0.5 millimeter to 1.0 millimeter in order to establish a direct thermal interface (or contact) with the cooling component  306  of the host device  302 , via the heat transfer device  350 . In some examples, the heat spreader  308 , the receptacle  336 , and the plurality of spring fingers  358  may be formed of a thermally conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, or the like. 
     In one or more examples, the removable device  304  of  FIG. 2B , may be detachably connected to a host device  302  of  FIG. 2A  to define an electronic system of the present disclosure. For example, the removable device  304  may be slidably inserted into the housing of the host device  302  so as to detachably couple the removable device  304  to the host device  302 . For example, when the removable device  304  is connected to the host device  302 , a portion  400 A of the circuit board  400  is plugged into a slot (not shown) of the connector of the host device  102 . In other words, the circuit board  400  of the removable device  304  may be communicatively coupled to a circuit board (not shown) of the host device  302  via the connector. In such examples, a second portion  350 A 2  of the pair of heat pipes  350 A is inserted into the removable device  304  via the receptacle  336  disposed in the second recess  360 . In such examples, the plurality of spring fingers  358  may establish a direct thermal interface with the second portion  350 A 2  of each heat pipe  350 A to allow a waste-heat to transfer from the heat spreader  308  to the pair of heat pipes  350 A via each spring finger  358  and the frame  357 . 
     In one or more examples, a first thermally conductive path may be created between the heat source, such as the circuit board  400  (and/or the one or more electronic components), and the heat spreader  308 . Further, a second thermally conductive path may be created between the heat spreader  308  and the second portion  350 A 2  of each heat pipe of the pair of heat pipes  350 A via a corresponding receptacle  336  (for example, through and the plurality of spring fingers  358  and the frame  357 ). Similarly, a third thermally conductive path may be created between the first portion  350 A 1  of each heat pipe of the pair of heat pipes  350 A and the cooling component  306 . Further, a fourth thermally conductive path may be created between the cooling component  306  and the liquid coolant circuited within the cooling component  306 . Thus, the electronic system enables i) dissipation of the waste-heat from the circuit board  400  (and/or the electronic components) to the heat spreader  308 , ii) transfer of the waste-heat from the heat spreader  308  to the heat transfer device  350  via the plurality of spring fingers  358  and the frame  357 , iii) transfer of waste-heat from second portion  350 A 2  to the first portion  350 A 1 , iv) transfer of the waste-heat from the heat transfer device  350  to the cooling component  306 , and v) dissipation of the waste-heat from the cooling component  306  to the liquid coolant. 
       FIG. 3A  depicts a block diagram of a receptacle  436  disposed within one of a cooling component  406 . It may be noted herein that the example of  FIG. 3A  may be a representation of a sectional view of the cooling component  406 . Further, it may be noted herein that the receptacle  436  may be disposed within a heat spreader (not shown) without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. In the example of  FIG. 3A , the cooling component  406  includes a pair of blocks  426  disposed sequentially and coupled to one another such that a recess  430  formed in each block of the pair of blocks  426  are aligned to one another. In such examples, each block of the pair of blocks  426  includes two numbers of receptacle  436 , which are disposed spaced apart from one another within the recess  430  such that an outer surface of each receptacle  436  is in a thermal contact with an inner surface of the cooling component  406 , for example, each block  426 . For example, each receptacle  436  includes a frame  457  having an outer surface coupled to the inner surface of the cooling component  406 . In some examples, the frame  457  is a hollow cylindrical component. 
     As discussed in the example of  FIG. 1A , the receptacle  436  further includes a plurality of spring fingers  458 , which may be disposed in thermal contact with the frame  457 . In some examples, the plurality of spring fingers  458  are spaced apart from each and disposed along a circumferential direction  10  of an electronic system, to form an array of spring fingers. In one or more examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers  458  may be defined by a first end  458 A, a second end  458 B, and a body  458 C interconnecting the first and second ends  458 A,  458 B respectively. In the example of  FIG. 1A , each of the plurality of spring fingers  458  may have a cantilever shaped structure. In such examples, the first end  458 A, the second end  458 B, and the body of  458 C of each spring finger  458  may have a substantially same size (e.g., width, thickness) to define the spring finger  458  having the cantilever shaped geometry. Further, the first end  458 A and the second end  458 B is maintained at different heights by the body  458 C. Further, the first end  458 A is coupled to the portion of the frame  457 . For example, the first end  458 A is coupled to an inner surface of the frame  457 . In such examples, the first end  458 A may be soldered to the inner surface of the frame  457 . The second end  458 B may have a dry contact surface  458 B 1 . The cooling component  406 , the receptacle  436 , and the plurality of spring fingers  458  are made of the thermal conductive material, for example, a copper material, an aluminum material, or the like. 
     In one or more examples, when a removable device (having a heat transfer device rigidly coupled to the heat spreader) is plugged into a host device, the second end  458 B of each spring finger  458  may be compressed by the heat transfer device so as to marginally deflect each spring finger  458  inwards, for example, towards the frame  457  in order to establish a thermal interface (or contact) with the cooling component  406  via the receptacle  436 . For example, the dry contact surface  458 B 1  of each spring finger  458  contacts a peripheral surface of the heat transfer device in order to establish the thermal interface there between the cooling component  406  and the heat spreader via the heat transfer device and the receptacle  436  (for example, via the plurality of spring fingers  458 , and the frame  457 ). In such examples, the heat transfer device may transfer a waste-heat from the heat spreader to the cooling component  406  via each spring finger  458  and the frame  457 . 
       FIG. 3B  depicts a block diagram of a receptacle  536  disposed within one of a cooling component  506 . It may be noted herein that the receptacle  536  may be disposed within a heat spreader (not shown) without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. In the example of  FIG. 3B , the cooling component  506  includes a pair of blocks  526  disposed sequentially and coupled to one another such that a recess  530  formed in each block of the pair of blocks  526  are aligned to one another. In such examples, each block of the pair of blocks  526  includes one receptacle  536 , which is disposed within the recess  530  such that an outer surface of the receptacle  536  is in thermal contact with an inner surface of the cooling component  506 , for example, each block  526 . 
     As discussed in the example of  FIG. 1A , the receptacle  536  includes a frame  557  and a plurality of spring fingers  558 . The frame  557  is a hollow cylindrical component, which may be disposed in thermal contact with the cooling component  506  and the plurality of spring fingers  558  may be disposed in thermal contact with the frame  557 . In some examples, the plurality of spring fingers  558  are spaced apart from each and disposed along a circumferential direction  10  of an electronic system, to form an array of spring fingers. In one or more examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers  558  may be defined by a first end  558 A, a second end  558 B, and a body  558 C interconnecting the first and second ends  558 A,  558 B respectively. In the example of  FIG. 1A , each of the plurality of spring fingers  558  is a torsional spring finger. In such examples, the second end  558 B is offset by a distance “Dl” relative to first end  558 A such that the body  558 C is disposed at angle “ai” relative to first end  558 A to define each spring finger  558  having the torsional shaped geometry. Further, the first end  558 A and the second end  558 B are coupled to an inner surface of the frame  557  and the body  558 C is bent inwardly from the inner surface of the receptacle  536 . In such examples, the first end  558 A and the second end  558 B may be soldered to the inner surface of the frame  557 . The body  558 C may have a dry contact surface  5580   1 . The cooling component  506 , the receptacle  536 , and the plurality of spring fingers  558  are made of the thermal conductive material, for example, a copper material, an aluminum material, or the like. 
     In one or more examples, when a removable device (having a heat transfer device rigidly coupled to the heat spreader) is plugged into a host device, the body  558 C of each spring finger  558  may be compressed by the heat transfer device so as to marginally deflect each spring finger  558  inwards, for example, towards the frame  557  in order to establish a thermal interface (or contact) with the cooling component  506  via the receptacle  536 . For example, the dry contact surface  5580   1  of each spring finger  558  contacts a peripheral surface of the heat transfer device in order to establish the thermal interface there between the cooling component  506  and the heat spreader via the heat transfer device and the receptacle  536  (for example, via the plurality of spring fingers  558  and the frame  557 ). In such examples, the heat transfer device may transfer a waste-heat from the heat spreader to the cooling component  506  via each spring finger  558  and the frame  557 . 
       FIG. 3C  depicts a block diagram of a receptacle  636  disposed within one of a cooling component  606 . In the example of  FIG. 3C , the cooling component  606  includes a pair of blocks  626  disposed sequentially and coupled to one another such that a recess  630  formed in each block of the pair of blocks  626  are aligned to one another. In such examples, each block of the pair of blocks  626  includes one receptacle  636 , which is disposed within the recess  630  such that an outer surface of the receptacle  636  is in thermal contact with an inner surface of the cooling component  606 , for example, each block  626 . 
     As discussed in the example of  FIG. 1A , the receptacle  636  includes a frame  657  and a plurality of spring fingers  658 . The frame  557  is a hollow cylindrical component, which may be disposed in thermal contact with the cooling component  606  and the plurality of spring fingers  658  may be disposed in thermal contact with the frame  657 . In some examples, the plurality of spring fingers  658  are spaced apart from each and disposed along a circumferential direction  10  of an electronic system, to form an array of spring fingers. In one or more examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers  658  may be defined by a first end  658 A, a second end  658 B, and a body  658 C interconnecting the first and second ends  658 A,  658 B respectively. In some examples, the first end  658 A and the second end  658 B are coupled to an inner surface of the frame  657  and the body  658 C is bent inwardly from the inner surface of the frame  657 . In such examples, the first end  658 A and the second end  658 B may be soldered to the inner surface of the frame  657 . The body  658 C may have a dry contact surface  658 Ci. 
     In one or more examples, when a removable device (having a heat transfer device rigidly coupled to the heat spreader, not shown) is plugged into a host device, the body  658 C of each spring finger  658  may be compressed by the heat transfer device so as to marginally deflect each spring finger  658  inwards, for example, towards the frame  657  in order to establish a thermal interface (or contact) with the cooling component  606  via the receptacle  636 . For example, the dry contact surface  658 Ci of each spring finger  658  contacts a peripheral surface of the heat transfer device in order to establish the thermal interface there between the cooling component  606  and the heat spreader via the heat transfer device and the receptacle  636  (for example, via the plurality of spring fingers  658  and the frame  657 ). In such examples, the heat transfer device may transfer a waste-heat from the heat spreader to the cooling component  606  via each spring finger  658  and the frame  657 . 
       FIG. 4A  depicts a perspective view of a portion of host device  702  of an electronic system, having a cooling component  706 . It may be noted herein that a housing and a connector of the host device  702  are not shown in the example of 
       FIG. 4A  for ease of illustration purpose, and such an illustration should not be construed as a limitation of the present disclosure. 
     In some examples, the cooling component  706  is a cold plate. In one or more examples, the cooling component  706  is a thermally conductive component, which may be disposed in thermal communication with a heat spreader  708  of a removable device  704 , via a receptacle  736  and a heat transfer device  750 , and may include provisions to allow a liquid coolant to flow through it for dissipating a waste-heat from the cooling component  706 . 
     The cooling component  706  is a box-shaped component having a pair of peripheral walls  738 , a front wall  740 , a rear wall  742 , a lid  744 , and a base (not labeled), which are coupled to one another to define a hollow space there between. In some examples, the rear wall  742  has a fluid inlet  746  and a fluid outlet  748 . In some examples, the fluid inlet  746  may be coupled to an inlet channel  755 , and the fluid outlet  748  may be coupled to an outlet channel  756 . 
     In one or more examples, the receptacle  736  is a thermally conductive component, which may be disposed in thermal contact with the cooling component  706 . The receptacle  736  includes a frame  757  that is coupled to the front wall  740  of the cooling component  706 . In some examples, the frame  757  may be soldered to the front wall  740  using thermal conductive soldering material. The receptacle  736  further includes a plurality of spring fingers  758 . In one or more examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers  758  is a thermally conductive component, which may be disposed in thermal contact with the frame  757 . In some examples, the plurality of spring fingers  758  are spaced apart from each other along a lateral direction  30  of an electronic system and coupled to an inner surface of the frame  757  to form an array of spring fingers. In one or more examples, each of the plurality of spring fingers  758  may be defined by a first end  758 A, a second end  758 B, and a body  758 C interconnecting the first and second ends  758 A,  758 B respectively. In such examples, the body  758 C is coupled to the frame  757 . The first and second ends  758 A,  758 B are disposed facing one another, bent inwardly relative to the receptacle  736 , and has a dry contact surface  758 A 1 ,  758 B 1  to establish the direct thermal interface with the heat transfer device  750 . In some examples, when the removable device  704  (having the heat transfer device  750  rigidly coupled to the cooling component  706 ) is plugged into the host device  702 , the first and second ends  758 A,  758 B respectively of each spring finger  758  may be compressed so as to marginally deflect inwards, for example, along a longitudinal direction  20  in order to establish a direct thermal interface (or contact) with the cooling component  706  of the host device  702 , via the heat transfer device  750 . 
       FIG. 4B  depicts a perspective view of a removable device  704  of an electronic system, having a heat spreader  708 . In one or more examples, the removable device  704  further includes a partially open housing  792 , a plurality of external connectors  794 , a pair of latches  796 , an optical assembly  798 , a circuit board  800 , and one or more electronic components (not shown in  FIG. 1B ) coupled to the circuit board  800 . 
     The partially open housing  792  is defined by a base, a pair of peripheral walls, and a rear panel  812 . In some examples, the rear panel  812  may include a cut-out (not shown) to allow the pair of external connectors  794  to be inserted and coupled to the circuit board  800  and/or to the optical assembly  798  via a suitable communication mechanism, for example, cabling, or the like. Each external connector of the pair of external connectors  794  may receive an optical cable  802 , or the like. For example, each external connector  794  may have a slot (or socket) to receive the optical cable  802  and to communicatively couple the optical cable  802  to the circuit board  800  and/or to the optical assembly  798 . 
     The heat spreader  708  is a thermally conductive solid component, disposed proximate to a front side of the removable device  704 . In some examples, the heat spreader  708  is mounted on the circuit board  800  and/or the one or more electronic components and coupled to the base of the housing  792  using the plurality of spring loaded shoulder screws  804 . In some examples, the heat spreader  708  is in thermal communication with the circuit board  800  and/or the one or more electronic components. For example, each of the plurality of spring loaded shoulder screws  804  may exert an optimal load/force on the heat spreader  808  such that a flat lower surface (not shown) of the heat spreader  708  is in direct thermal communication with the one or more electronic components or the circuit board  400 . 
     In one or more examples, the electronic system may further include a heat transfer device  750 . In some examples, the heat transfer device  750  may be a thermally conductive component, for example, a vapor chamber  750 A. The vapor chamber  750 A has a first portion  750 A 1  and a second portion  750 A 2 . In some examples, the first portion  750 A 1  may be an evaporator section of the vapor chamber  750 A, and the second portion  750 A 2  may be a condenser section of the vapor chamber  750 A. In one or more examples, the vapor chamber  750 A may be a two phase heat transfer device with a very high effective thermal conductivity. In one or more examples, the vapor chamber  750 A may be a vacuum tight device having a casing, a working fluid, and a wick structure. In one or more examples, the vapor chamber  750 A may be disposed over an outer surface of the heat spreader and thermally coupled to the heat spreader  708  via soldering. For example, the first portion  750 A 1  of the vapor chamber  750 A is disposed over and coupled to the heat spreader  708 , and the second portion  750 A 2  of the vapor chamber  750 A may protrude outwards relative to the heat spreader  708 . 
       FIG. 4C  depicts a perspective view of an electronic system  700  having the removable device  704  of  FIG. 4B  connected to the cooling component  706  of  FIG. 4A . In one or more examples, the removable device  704  may be detachably connected to a host device  702  to define the electronic system  700 . For example, the removable device  704  may be slidably inserted into the housing of the host device  702  so as to detachably couple the removable device  704  to the host device  702 . For example, when the removable device  704  is connected to the host device  702 , a portion  800 A of the circuit board  800  is plugged into a slot (not shown) of the connector (not shown) of the host device  702 . In other words, the circuit board  800  of the removable device  704  may be communicatively coupled to a circuit board (not shown) of the host device  702  via the connector. In such examples, a second portion  750 A 2  of the vapor chamber  750 A is inserted into the host device  702  via the receptacle  736 . In one or more examples, the plurality of spring fingers  758  of the receptacle  736  may establish a direct thermal interface with the second portion  750 A 2  of the vapor chamber  750 A to allow a waste-heat to transfer from the heat spreader  708  to the cooling component  706  via the heat transfer device  750  and the receptacle  736  (for example, via each spring finger  758  and the frame  757 ). 
     In one or more examples, a first thermally conductive path may be created between the heat source, such as the circuit board  800  (and/or the one or more electronic components), and the heat spreader  708 . Further, a second thermally conductive path may be created between the first portion  750 A 1  of the vapor chamber  750 A and the heat spreader  708 . Similarly, a third thermally conductive path may be created between the second portion  750 A 2  of the vapor chamber  750 A and the cooling component  706  via the plurality of spring fingers  758  and the frame  757 . Further, a fourth thermally conductive path may be created between the cooling component  706  and the liquid coolant circuited within the cooling component  706 . Thus, the electronic system  100  enables i) dissipation of the waste-heat from the circuit board  800  (and/or the electronic components) to the heat spreader  708 , ii) transfer of the waste-heat from the heat spreader  708  to the heat transfer device  750 , iii) transfer of the waste-heat from the first portion  750 A 1  to the second portion  750 A 2 , iv) transfer of the waste-heat from the heat transfer device  750  to the cooling component  706  via the plurality of spring fingers  758  and the frame  757 , and v) dissipation of the waste-heat from the cooling component  706  to the liquid coolant. 
       FIG. 5  is a flow diagram depicting a method  900  of a thermal management of a removable device. It should be noted herein that the method  900  is described in conjunction with  FIGS. 1A-1C , for example. The method  900  may also be described in conjunction with  FIGS. 2A-2B  or  FIGS. 4A-4C . 
     The method  900  starts at block  902  and continues to block  904 . At block  904 , the method  900  includes connecting a removable device into a host device of an electronic system to communicatively couple a circuit board of the removable device to a host circuit board of the host device through a connector, as described in  FIGS. 1A and 1B . In some examples, a portion of the circuit board is inserted into an opening of the connector to communicatively couple the circuit board to the host circuit board. In some examples, a receptacle of an electronic system is coupled to a cooling component of the host device. In such examples, a first portion of a heat transfer device of the electronic system is coupled to a heat spreader of the removable device and a second portion of the heat transfer device protrudes outwards relative to the heat spreader. In some other examples, the receptacle is coupled to the heat spreader. In such examples, the first portion of the heat transfer device is coupled to the cooling component and the second portion of the heat transfer device protrudes outwards relative to the cooling component. In all such examples, the receptacle may include a frame, for example, a hollow cylindrical component and a plurality of spring fingers coupled to the frame. In one example, the heat transfer device is a heat pipe. In some other examples, the heat transfer device is a vapor chamber. 
     Further, the method  900  continues to block  906 . At block  906 , the method  900  includes the step of extending a portion, for example, the second portion of the heat transfer device through the receptacle to allow the plurality of spring fingers to establish a direct thermal interface with the second portion by compressing each spring finger inwards, for example, towards the receptacle and exerting a spring force on the portion of the heat transfer device. 
     In one or more examples, each spring finger may deflect marginally towards the frame when the removable device is plugged into the host device. However, the optimal spring force exerted by each of the plurality of spring fingers may be sufficient to establish the direct thermal interface between the dry contact surface of each spring finger and the peripheral surface of the heat transfer device. The plurality of spring fingers may provide a multiplicity (array) of the contact force or spring force to create a substantially low insertion force for plugging the removable device into the host device. At the same time, the optimal spring force exerted by each of the plurality of spring fingers may be sufficient to establish the direct thermal interface between the dry contact surface of each spring finger and the peripheral surface of the heat transfer device. 
     At block  908 , the method  900  includes transferring a waste-heat between the heat transfer device and one of the cooling component or the heat spreader via each spring finger and the receptacle. In some examples, the removable device may convert electrical signals into optical signals or vice versa for transmitting or receiving data through an interconnecting cable. In some other examples, the removable device may store and process the data. Accordingly, the removable device may consume a greater amount of power, and may thereby produce an increased amount of the waste-heat. In some examples, when the receptacle is disposed in thermal contact with the heat spreader, the heat spreader may first dissipate the waste-heat generated by the circuit board and/or the electronic components. Later, the waste-heat may get transferred from the heat spreader to the heat transfer device via the plurality of spring fingers and the frame. Further, the heat transfer device may transfer the waste-heat to the cooling device. In such examples, a coolant liquid flowing in the cooling component may absorb the waste-heat from the cooling component and generate heated coolant, thereby cooling the cooling component. In some other examples, when the receptacle is disposed in thermal contact with the cooling component, the heat spreader may first dissipate the waste-heat generated by the removable device. Later, the waste-heat may get directly transferred from the heat spreader to the heat transfer device. Further, the heat transfer device may transfer the waste-heat to the cooling device via the receptacle and the plurality of spring fingers. In such examples, the coolant liquid flowing in the cooling component may absorb the waste-heat from the cooling component and generate heated coolant, thereby cooling the cooling component. 
     In one or more examples, the heated coolant liquid may be pumped outside of an electronic system to exchange the heat with an external coolant and regenerate the coolant liquid. Thus, in accordance to one or more examples of the present disclosure, the plurality of spring fingers coupled to the receptacle may provide the multipoint contact conduction cooling of the removable device through the plurality of spring fingers and the receptacle for effective thermal management of the removable device. The method  900  ends at block  910 . 
     Various features as illustrated in the examples described herein may be implemented in a system, such as a host device and method for a thermal management of a removable device. In one or more examples, the array of spring fingers maintains an optimal contact force while plugging the removable device into the host device, which is within acceptable safety limits to avoid repetitive force (e.g., insertion force or removal force) related injuries. Further, the plurality of spring fingers may be able to maintain the multipoint contact (i.e., via the dry contact surface) with the peripheral surface of the removable device, even though the peripheral surface has a non-smooth surface, a non-flat surface, surface imperfections, or debris, because each spring finger may independently generate the optimal spring force to establish the direct thermal interface with a mutually opposite portion of the peripheral surface. Further, each spring finger may use a substantially small surface area of the dry contact surface for independently exerting the spring force on the peripheral surface. Hence, the plurality of spring fingers may be able to further maintain the multipoint contact (i.e., via the dry contact surface) with the peripheral surface having the aforementioned problems. Since the plurality of spring fingers establishes the direct thermal interface with the peripheral surface of the removable device, the need for a TIM to establish the thermal interface (as per a conventional electronic system) between the interfacing surfaces may be avoided. The plurality of spring fingers may generate an optimal force to compress a heat transfer device and establish and maintain thermal communication between heat transfer device and one of a cooling component or the heat spreader. Further, the spring forces may be controlled to prevent the transfer of load of interfacing components (i.e., cooling component and heat spreader) to other components of the removable device, and damages to those components. 
     In the foregoing description, numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of the subject matter disclosed herein. However, implementation may be practiced without some or all of these details. Other implementations may include modifications, combinations, and variations from the details discussed above. It is intended that the following claims cover such modifications and variations.