Patent Publication Number: US-8118825-B2

Title: Lancet device

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY 
     The present application is a continuation-in-part application of previously filed, now application having Ser. No. 10/134,995, filed on Apr. 29, 2002 now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a lancet device preferably configured to provide a single use, and in all embodiments configured to substantially shield and protect a piercing tip thereof before and after use, while providing for accurate and effective piercing engagement of a patient&#39;s skin when appropriate. Furthermore, the present lancet device does not require complex and/or difficult to manipulate cocking and is structured such that the device is rendered in-operative after a single use. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Lancets are commonly utilized instruments which are employed both in hospitals and other medical facilities, as well as by private individuals, such as diabetics, in order to prick or pierce a patient&#39;s skin, typically on a finger of a patient, thereby leading to the generation of a blood sample which can be collected for testing. Because of the wide spread use of such lancets, there are a variety of lancet devices which are available for utilization by patients and/or practitioners in a variety of different circumstances. 
     For example, a typical lancet may merely include a housing with a sharp piercing tip that is pushed into the patient&#39;s skin. More commonly, however, lancet devices, which house a piercing tip and/or a lancet, have been developed which effectively encase and fire the lancet into the patient&#39;s skin, thereby eliminating the need for the person taking the sample to actually push the lancet tip into the skin. 
     Within the various types of specialized lancet devices, one variety is typically configured for multiple and/or repeated uses, while another category is particularly configured for single use, after which the entire device is disposed of. Looking in particular to the single use, disposable lancet devices, such devices typically include a housing which contains and directs or drives a piercing tip into the patient&#39;s skin, and which is disposed of along with the used lancet. Naturally, so as to make such disposable devices cost effective for frequent use, such devices tend to be rather simplistic in nature providing only a sufficient mechanism for firing, and not overly complicating the design so as to minimize that cost. 
     While existing single use devices are generally effective for achieving the piercing of the skin required for effective operation, such single use, disposable devices typically do not incorporate a large number of safety features to ensure the safe use and disposal of the device. For example, one primary area of safety which must be addressed with all lancet devices pertains to the purposeful and/or inadvertent reuse of a contaminated lancet. Unfortunately, most currently available single use lancet devices are configured such that after a use thereof has been achieved, it is possible for a patient to re-cock the device, thereby allowing for a subsequent, inappropriate use. 
     As a result, it would be highly beneficial to provide a single use lancet device which is substantially compact and disposable, can be manufactured in a substantially cost effective manner, and which nevertheless is substantially safe to utilize, affirmatively preventing re-use, once contaminated. 
     A further drawback associated with conventionally employed single use lancet devices is that they can often be difficult and/or complicated for elderly and/or impaired individuals to manipulate in order to achieve effective use. In particular, such existing devices often require a user to perform a number of different actions, including one to cock and thereby prepare the device for use, and another to actually fire the device. As can be appreciated, those procedures, even in the simplest form, can sometimes be complex and/or difficult to effectively achieve on a small compact device by certain individuals, and especially those individuals performing self testing who necessarily only have one hand to use to manipulate the device. Indeed, to avoid these complexities, some manufactures have turned to the use of pre-cocked and ready to use devices, however, this can often result in misfires and/or pre-fires of the lancet such that a certain of percentage of the lancet devices are not usable. 
     As a result, it would also be beneficial to provide a lancet device, which whether single use and/or multiple use, could be very simplistic and effective to employ, not requiring a series of often complex activities to be performed in order to prepare the lancet for use and in order to actually utilize the lancet. Still, however, such a device should not compromise safety in the prevention of inadvertent use and/or re-use in exchange for the simplistic use, but rather should effectively coordinate all such beneficial characteristics. It would also be beneficial such a device could be cost effectively manufactured so as to make it available and affordable to a large variety of users, including home users. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a lancet device, and preferably a single use lancet device, utilized so as to effectively pierce a patient&#39;s skin and result in bleeding for subsequent sample collection. The lancet device of the present invention preferably includes a housing having an at least partially open interior. Furthermore, a lancet is movably disposed relative to the housing and includes a piercing tip which ultimately will penetrate the patient&#39;s skin. Similarly, a biasing assembly is interposed between the lancet and the housing. The biasing assembly engages the lancet and functions to urge the lancet into its piercing orientation, when appropriate. 
     The lancet device of the present invention also includes a cocking seat. The cocking seat is structured to engage the lancet and retain the lancet against the force of the biasing assembly so as to establish a potential energy of the biasing assembly. In the preferred embodiment, the user&#39;s finger and/or another body part which is to be pierced, engages the cocking seat and thereby pushes the cocking seat and the lancet until it ultimately engages a release assembly that extends into the housing. In alternate embodiments, the cocking seat is integrally or separately disposed relative to the housing to retain the lancet against the force of a biasing element until released by actuating a release assembly. The release assembly is structured to disengage the lancet from the cocking seat such that the potential energy of the biasing assembly drives the piercing tip of the lancet at least temporarily into its piercing orientation. As a result, in one illustrated embodiment, as the cocking seat moves the lancet, simultaneously cocking it and moving it into its engaging relation with the release element for effective actuation and firing thereof to pierce the skin of the patient, while in another embodiment, the lancet device is “pre-cocked”. 
     These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more clear when the drawings as well as the detailed description are taken into consideration. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a fuller understanding of the nature of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a side cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the lancet device of the present invention in an un-used orientation; 
         FIG. 2  is a side cross-section view of the embodiment of  FIG. 1  in a substantially cocked and immanent to release orientation; 
         FIG. 3  is a side cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the lancet device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is an exploded view of the lancet device and cocking seat of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a side cross-section view of still another embodiment of the lancet device of the present invention illustrating a re-usable configuration thereof; and 
         FIG. 6  is a side cross-section view of another embodiment of the lancet device of the present invention illustrating a fixed cocking seat. 
     
    
    
     Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views of the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Shown throughout the Figures, the present invention is directed towards a lancet device, generally indicated as  10 . In one embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in  FIGS. 1 through 3  and  6  the lancet device  10  is preferably a single use device such that after it is utilized for the first and only time it is configured so as to prevent subsequent use. Ultimately, however, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , a re-usable configuration may be provided. 
     Looking specifically to the Figures, the lancet device of the present preferably includes a housing  20 . The housing  20  includes an at least partially open interior  22  and can be made of any variety materials, but preferably will be formed of a molded plastic type material for ease of manufacture and minimization of cost. Also in the preferred embodiment, the housing  20  preferably includes an open end  26 , which may represent a general front of the lancet device  10 , and may include any variety of axial configurations, including a square, triangle, oval, circle, etc., although a generally elongated, longitudinal configuration as illustrated in the Figures is preferred in conjunction therewith. 
     The lancet device  10  further includes a lancet  40  movably disposed at least partially within the housing  20  and including a piercing tip  42 . In the single use embodiment of  FIGS. 1 through 3  and  6  the lancet  40  is a single integral unit as shown. Alternatively, as illustrated in the embodiment of  FIG. 5 , what is referred to as a lancet in the claims may include a lancet body  40 ′ from which the piercing tip  42  extends, as well as a lancet receiving assembly  41 , into which the lancet body  40 ′ is disposed for movable retention. In such an embodiment, each time the lancet device  10  is to be re-used, a new lancet body  40 ′ with piercing tip  42  is disposed within the lancet receiving assembly  41 . In either embodiment, however, the lancet is movably disposed within the housing  20 . 
     Preferably the lancet engages a biasing assembly also preferably disposed within the housing  20 . In the illustrated preferred embodiments, the biasing assembly includes a biasing element  50  such as a metal or plastic spring. Preferably, the biasing element  50  is interposed between the lancet  40  and a rear end  55 ,  55 ′ of the housing  20 . The rear end  55 ,  55 ′ may be unitary or separate from the housing  20 . Moreover, positioned so as to engage the lancet  40  and retain it under the tension of the biasing assembly  50  is a cocking seat  30 . In particular, the cocking seat  30  is structured to engage the lancet  40  and retain the lancet  40  against a force of the biasing assembly  50  so as to maintain a potential energy of the biasing assembly  50 . In some illustrated embodiments, and as best seen in  FIG. 2 , the cocking seat  30  urges the lancet  40  towards the rear end of the lancet housing  20 , thereby resulting in a compression of the biasing assembly  50  and an increase in the potential energy thereof. Further, so as to maintain effectively appropriate alignment of the lancet and the cocking seat  30  as they are moving relative to the housing  20 , in the preferred embodiment, a guide track assembly  24 ,  32  may be provided between the cocking seat  30  and the housing  20 . 
     In the preferred, illustrated embodiments, an engagement assembly  34 ,  45  is provided and preferably interposed between the cocking seat  30  and the lancet  40  so as to maintain moving engagement between the lancet  40  and the cocking seat  30  until they are disengaged, as will be described. In the illustrated embodiments, the engagement assembly includes an engagement element  45  that extends from lancet  40  into effectively retained, engaging relation with a retention lip  34  on the cocking seat  30 . As a result, as the cocking seat  30  moves inward towards the rear end  55  of the housing  20 , the effective engagement between the engagement element  45  and the retention lip  34  results in movement of the lancet  40  in unison with the cocking seat  30 . In this regard, it is understood that a variety of different engagement assemblies, including one in which the engagement element extends from the cocking seat into engagement with a corresponding retention lip on the lancet, may also effectively be provided, the engagement assembly being configured so as to provide for effective substantially, although not necessarily completely, unitary movement between the lancet  40  and the cocking seat  30  until effective release thereby, as will be described. Further, in yet another embodiment, as seen in  FIG. 6 , the cocking seat may be pre-introduced into housing, or be integrally formed with or secured to the housing  20  such that the lancet  40  is effectively maintained under a tension of the biasing assembly until released by a moveable release assembly. 
     In particular, the present lancet device  10  further includes a release element  56 . In the illustrated embodiments, the engagement element  45  of the engagement assembly preferably has a generally flexible and/or resilient characteristic relative to the lancet  40 , and/or as will be described, includes a single use pivot  46 . As a result, when the cocking seat  30  and therefore the lancet  40  are urged sufficiently into an interior  22  of housing  20 , the release element  56  which also at least partially extends into an interior of the housing  20  when firing is desired, serves to engage the engagement element  45 , and ultimately causes upward movement thereof for disengagement between the engagement element  45  and a retention lip  34 . Moreover, this disengagement is achieved after a substantial amount of potential energy has been achieved in the biasing assembly  50 . As a result, disengagement between the lancet  40  and the cocking seat  30  results in the lancet  40  moving relative to the cocking seat  30  under a force achieved by the potential energy stored in the biasing assembly  50 . The guide track  32  may also serve to guide generally linear movement of the lancet  40  relative to the cocking seat  30 , as the lancet  40  moves to the open interior  31  of the cocking seat  30  and ultimately protrudes through an opening  37  in an exterior end  36  of the cocking seat  30 . 
     Looking further to the single use pivot  46 , this may be defined by a reduce thickness region in the segment that ultimately defines the engagement element. The pivot  46  may be seen to define a breakable hinge, and is configured such that when the release element  56  engages the engagement element  45 , the engagement element  45  pivots on said pivot point and cannot generally return to its pre-pivoted orientation. As a result, even if re-positioning of the engagement element relative to the cocking seat was attempted, the necessary engagement could not be achieved as the reduced thickness portion snaps and or deforms to prevent such re-positioning. A single use of the device is therefore further ensured. 
     As previously indicated, the cocking seat  30 , and preferably the exterior end  36  of the cocking seat  30  may be configured to engage a patient, at least in a general vicinity of a portion to be pierced. Furthermore, in the preferred, illustrated embodiment, the opening  37  at the end  36  of the cocking seat  30  is preferably aligned with a specific location to be pierced, such as on a tip of the finger. That portion of the body, such as the finger, is thereby utilized as an abutment on one of the lancet device  10 , while a corresponding support element, such as another finger or a thumb of the patient, or a hand of a medical practitioner or other user, or a solid surface, engages the housing  20  of the lancet device  10 . In this regard, as either or both the body section and the support element are moved towards one another such that a spacing therebetween is reduced, the moveable cocking seat  30  moves further into the housing  20  until ultimately the engagement element  45  engages and is released by the released element  56 . Once this release is achieved, the lancet  40  moves relative to the cocking seat  30  passing, therethrough such that its piercing tip  42  protrudes from the open end  37  of the cocking seat  30  and piercingly engages the patient&#39;s skin. Therefore, in the embodiments of  FIGS. 1 and 2  the cocking movement directly results in firing of the lancet  40 , requiring only a single, fluid movement to effectively utilize the present lancet device  10 . Looking in further detailed to the previous description, it is understood that the effective firing can be achieved either by moving the portion of the patient, such as their finger inward against a fixed support element, by moving a support element towards a fixed portion, of the body to be pierced and/or by compressing both towards one another. 
     Turning to the embodiment of  FIGS. 3 and 6 , it is also understood, that for further safety reasons, if desired, the release element  56  may not necessarily be positioned at all times in an appropriate location to effectively release the lancet  40  from its engagement with the cocking seat  30 . For example, in the embodiment of  FIG. 3  a stopper  25  is positioned such that movement of the cocking seat  30  and therefore the lancet  40  towards the rear end  55 ′ will not result in a sufficient travel distance such that the engagement element  45  is released by the release element  56 . Similarly, in the embodiment of  FIG. 6  wherein the cocking seat forms part of the housing and the lancet is re pre-cocked, but does not automatically fire. Rather, in these illustrated embodiments actuation of the rear end  55 ′ inwardly is required so as to effectively move the release element  56  into a position where it may engage the engagement element  45  and provide for appropriate release of the lancet  40  from the cocking seat  30 . Also in the embodiment of  FIG. 3  a spring or a stopper may be provided so as to also restrict movement of the actuation element  55 ′, as it is ultimately preferred that actuation thereof be utilized only so as to effectively position the release element  56  in a position and orientation such that the previous or subsequent movement of the cocking seat  30  and/or the housing  20  in the manner previously described for cocking and firing results in the releasing engagement between the release element  56  and the engagement element  45 . Also on such embodiments it should be recognized that a variety of different actuation assemblies  55 ′ may be effectively provided so as to position the release element  56  in its appropriate position to release the lancet. For example, a side, spring loaded button and/or resilient button may be provided such that the release element  56  is retained at least partially out of the housing and/or out of engaging relation with the engagement element  45  until it is actuated and moved at least partially into the interior of the housing  20 . Furthermore, as evidenced by the embodiment of  FIG. 6 , additional structure may be provided so as to cock the lancet device, or it may be sold pre-cocked with the cocking seat  30  may be pre-positioned in an appropriate position to allow actuation of the release element  56  to effectively disengage the engagement element  45  from the cocking seat  30 . As mentioned, in such an embodiment, the cocking seat  30  can be retained in position relative to the housing or can merely be integrally formed with and/or secured to the housing  20 , thus eliminating the need to push in the cocking seat  30  and allowing for mere actuation of the release element  56  to result in disengagement of a properly positioned engagement element. 
     Looking again to  FIG. 1 , further features that may be provided with the present invention may be the inclusion of cover element  43  which is structured to protect and shield the piercing tip  42  of the lancet  40  prior to use. The cover element  43  preferably extends out from the open interior  31  of the cocking seat  30 , out through the opening  37  so as to be effectively grasped by a user for removal thereof when preparing the lancet device  10  for use. Alternately, an exterior cover that covers the cocking seat and/or surrounds the piercing tip may also be provided. It is also noted, that the cocking seat  30  is configured such that even when the cover element  43  is removed, the piercing end  42  is protected and/or shielded within the interior  31  thereof unless and until use. Indeed, it is only when the driving force of the biasing assembly  50  urges the lancet&#39;s movement relative to the cocking seat  30  that the piercing tip  42  temporarily passes through the opening  37 . Still, as a final safety measure, although a single biasing assembly  50  may be sufficient so as to both drive the lancet  40  into its piercing orientation and so as to generally retracted back into its protective shielding within the cocking seat  30 , in some embodiments a secondary biasing assembly  52  may also be positioned and interposed between the lancet  40  and the cocking seat  30 , the secondary biasing assembly  52  being structured and disposed so as to not hinder movement of the piercing tip  42  into its piercing orientation, but so as to effectively retract the lancet  40  back into its protective containment within the cocking seat  30 . Moreover, that retraction should not be sufficient so as to return the lancet  40  into its engagement relation with the cocking seat  30  for unitary movement therebetween. 
     Since many modifications, variations and changes in detail can be made to the described preferred embodiment of the invention, it is intended that all matters in the foregoing description and shown in the accompanying drawings be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. Thus, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents. 
     Now that the invention has been described,