Patent Publication Number: US-5890977-A

Title: Golf putter alignment method

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention pertains to a golf club, having a shaft portion with surfaces which are painted or marked with contrasting indicia to assist in aligning the club face to provide the desired ball trajectory, and a method of aligning a club face using such a golf club to provide the desired ball trajectory. 
     BACKGROUND 
     One of the more difficult aspects of the game of golf is the proper aligning of the club face before driving or contacting the ball to provide the desired ball trajectory. Club face alignment to provide the desired ball travel path or trajectory is particularly important when using any golf club, including driver and fairway woods, all irons and when using a putter. 
     Heretofore, certain golf clubs, such as putters, have been provided with alignment markings, including painted lines or grooves on the top of the club head which are of some assistance in aligning the club face with the desired ball trajectory. However, the location of the club head during the alignment process does not lend itself to permit the golfer to be in a position to properly place the club in a position which allows the club face to be perpendicular to the desired trajectory or travel path of the ball. One desired position for aligning the club is when the golfer can sight from a point behind the club and the ball toward the green, cup pin or the cup itself. However, conventional club marking means do not provide for accurate aligning of the club face prior to stroking of the club if the golfer must move his head to a position where a proper sighting can be made based on the position of the ball and the green or the cup. 
     Moreover, when a golfer is standing in the normal position of addressing the ball prior to stroking the club, prior art alignment devices do not provide sufficient accuracy for proper alignment of the club face with respect to the ball and a desired trajectory or travel path of the ball. Still further, rules governing competitive golf events eliminate any extraneous or &#34;add-on&#34; devices, such as pointers, alignment bars or similar mechanisms for aiding the golfer in aligning the club face with respect to the desired ball travel path. 
     However, the present invention overcomes the deficiencies of prior art alignment devices and methods and provides a golf club having a shaft or a shaft attachment which is of an advantageous configuration and is provided with suitable indicia, such as contrasting painted, coated or reflective surfaces of contrasting colors or visual perceptability thereon which provide a surprisingly improved alignment means for properly aligning the club face to provide a desired ball trajectory. Still further, the invention overcomes deficiencies in prior art golf alignment devices and methods by providing an improved method for placing the club face in a desired position with respect to the ball prior to contact therewith. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides an improved golf club and method for using same wherein accurate alignment of the club face with respect to the ball and the desired trajectory or travel path of the ball may be provided. 
     In accordance with one important aspect of the present invention a golf club is provided with a club shaft which is configured in such a way that suitable indicia or contrasting markings on the shaft provides for positioning the club face in a desired alignment with respect to a golf ball based on a predetermined, desired trajectory or travel path of the ball. The club shaft may be provided in different polygonal cross sectional configurations, for example square, rectangular or cross shaped or the shaft may be oval or circular with suitable indicia place thereon to provide the alignment feature and to permit carrying out the method of the invention. Still further, the invention provides an attachment device for attachment to a conventional golf club shaft which is configured in such a way and provided with suitable indicia or contrasting color marking on the surfaces thereof to provide the alignment feature. 
     The invention contemplates a golf club with a shaft or shaft attachment or a grip portion of the shaft configured in such a way that surfaces are provided thereon which are disposed in a plane or planes substantially perpendicular to the club face or parallel to the expected or desired ball trajectory on leaving the club face after contact therewith and suitable indicia on these surfaces are used by a person holding the club to make a visual sighting which allows the person using the club to align the club face with the ball and the desired ball trajectory. 
     The method of the invention contemplates the use of a golf club of a type as described above wherein the club may be placed adjacent to and behind the ball with respect to the ball travel path toward the green or the cup and by visual sighting along a line between the ball and the green or cup, or a desired point to one side or the other of the cup, such that the club head may then be pivoted or rotated until a certain indicia or visually contrasting surface on the shaft or an attachment thereto is seen to a certain degree or not seen indicating that the club face is disposed at a desired angle with respect to the ball or is substantially perpendicular to the desired trajectory of the ball. In this way a more accurate alignment of the club face with respect to the desired travel path of the ball may be obtained than heretofore provided with conventional golf clubs and alignment devices or markings. 
     Those skilled in the art will further appreciate the above noted advantages and features of the invention together with other important aspects thereof upon reading the detailed description which follows in conjunction with the drawing. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     FIG. 1 is a side elevation of one preferred embodiment of a golf club in accordance with the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is an end elevation of the golf club shown in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a side elevation of a first alternate embodiment of a golf club in accordance with the invention; 
     FIG. 4 is an end elevation of the golf club shown in FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 5 is a section view taken from the line 5--5 of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 6 is a section view taken from the line 6--6 of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a second alternate embodiment of a golf club in accordance with the invention and also illustrating the alignment method of the invention; 
     FIG. 8 is a detail perspective view of a third alternate embodiment of a golf club in accordance with the invention; 
     FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a fourth alternate embodiment of a golf club in accordance with the invention; 
     FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a club alignment attachment device in accordance with a fifth alternate embodiment of the invention; 
     FIGS. 11 and 12 are side and end elevations, respectively, of a sixth alternate embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 13 is a side elevation of a golfer addressing a ball with a club comprising a seventh alternate embodiment of the invention; and 
     FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an eighth alternate embodiment of a golf club in accordance with the invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the description which follows, like parts are marked throughout the specification and drawing with the same reference numerals, respectively. The drawing figures are not necessarily to scale and certain features may be shown in exaggerated or generalized form in the interest of clarity and conciseness. 
     Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in particular, there is illustrated an improved golf club in accordance with the present invention and generally designated by the numeral 12. The golf club 12 is illustrated as a putter, although the invention may be utilized with essentially all other golf clubs, such as irons or woods. The putter 12 includes a head 14 and a shaft 16, the head including opposed, parallel ball contact faces 18 and 20. Only one face 18 or 20 may be operable, depending on whether the club is of a uni-directional or bi-directional design. The ball contact faces 18 and 20 are parallel to each other and lie in planes which are perpendicular to a bottom face 22 having at least a slightly convex curvature. The planes of the surfaces 18 and 20 are also preferably perpendicular to a top face 24. The putter head 14 also has a toe portion 26 and a heel 28. 
     The shaft 16, in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, includes a longitudinal central axis 16a and is characterized as a generally rectangular cross section member, see FIG. 5 also. The shaft 16 is suitably secured to the head 14 by insertion of a lower distal end 17 of the shaft in a slot 19 in the head 14, which slot is adapted to intersect the planes of the faces 18 and 20 at an angle of about 90°. However, the shaft 16 also extends upward from the top face 24 at a conventional angle of about 10° from the vertical when the head 14 is placed in a normal operative position on a putting surface 21. The rectangular cross sectional configuration of shaft 16 provides generally planar front and back surfaces 30 and 32 and opposed end surfaces 34 and 36. The surfaces 30 and 32 are planar, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the parallel and planar surfaces 34 and 36. The surfaces 30 and 32 also lie in planes which are perpendicular to the faces 18 and 20. Preferably, the surface 30 is provided with suitable indicia 31 thereon which visually contrasts markedly with indicia 33 on the surfaces 34 and 36. Surface 32 is also preferably provided with indicia of the same contrasting color as the indicia 31 or at least contrasting with the indicia 33 on surfaces 34 and 36. For example, the surfaces 30 and 32 may be painted with a fluorescent or highly luminous coating in a color which is highly visible while the surfaces 34 and 36 are painted in another color 33, preferably flat black, for example, or any color or indicia wherein the visual perception thereof contrasts markedly with the color or visual perception of the indicia 31. The indicia 31 may be a highly reflective mirrorlike coating also. 
     The golf club 12 is also provided with a hand grip 40 connected to or formed integral with the upper distal end of the shaft 16. The handgrip 40 preferably includes a flat, generally planar grip or thumbrest surface 42 which is parallel to the surfaces 30 and 32 and may also be provided with suitable indicia 43 on the surface thereof of a contrasting color or visual perception with respect to the remainder of the grip and the surfaces 34 and 36. The other surfaces of the grip 42 may be of different geometries and may be flat or curved, for example, and are preferably all of the same or contrasting colors and are indicated in FIG. 6 as surfaces 44, 45 and 46, by way of example. The surface 42 may be of the same color or indicia as the surface 30 and the surface 42 is substantially parallel to the surface 30, or at least disposed in a plane substantially perpendicular to the club faces 18 and/or 20. The grip 40 may be formed of a suitable flexible polymer material, for example, and forcibly pulled over the distal end of the shaft 16, molded integral with the shaft 16 or formed of built up materials, such as a cushion part 45a, FIG. 6, which is wrapped with tape, or an outer skin defining the surfaces 42, 44, 45 and 46. The grip 40 may be formed in other ways but an important feature is the surface 42 which is disposed in a plane perpendicular to the faces 18 and 20, is substantially planar and is provided with suitable indicia or color coating 43 which is contrasted with the other surfaces of the grip 40. In fact, the alignment feature of the club 16, if desired, may reside only in the contrasting color of the indicia 43 with respect to the remaining surfaces of the grip 40. 
     Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, although the shaft 16 is particularly useful for inclusion in a golf club 12 comprising a putter, the unique aspects of the present invention are not confined to putter type golf clubs only. In FIGS. 3 and 4 there is illustrated a golf club comprising, for example, a midiron 50 having a suitable head portion 52 with a ball engaging face 54 and a heel portion 55, FIG. 3, to which the lower distal end of the shaft 16 is connected. In the golf club 50, the shaft 16 is slightly modified at a lower distal end 17a to accommodate the configuration of the midiron head 52. Accordingly, the shaft 16, when used with the club 50, for example, also provides the advantage of the contrasting indicia 31 on the surfaces 30 and 32, for example, with respect to the indicia or coloring 33 of the surfaces 34 and 36 to provide the alignment feature which is useful with the method of the invention described hereinbelow. 
     Referring now to FIG. 7, another embodiment of a golf club in accordance with the invention is illustrated and generally designated by the numeral 60. The club 60 also comprises a putter having a head 14a substantially like the head 14 but modified to be connected to an elongated shaft 62 having a central axis 62a and a polygonal cross sectional shape, which is preferably square, to provide opposed surfaces 64 and 66 which are parallel to each other and extend in planes normal to the ball contact faces 18a and 20a. Surfaces 64 and 66 are also normal to opposed parallel surfaces 68 and 70. A grip 72 is attached to the upper distal end of the shaft 62, is configured similar to the grip 40 of the club of FIG. 1, and includes a thumbrest surface 74 lying in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the surface 64. Surfaces 64, 66 and 74 may be provided with suitable indicia or a color coating 75 which contrasts visually with the color of the remainder of the shaft 62 and the grip 72. For example, the color coating 75 may be a highly visible luminescent color and the surfaces 68 and 70 and the remaining surfaces of the grip be of a markedly contrasting color, such as flat black. Accordingly, the club 60 may be used in substantially the same manner as the club 12 FIG. 1, and the club 50 of FIGS. 3 and 4, and in accordance with the method of the present invention. 
     One preferred method in accordance with the invention is illustrated generally in FIG. 7. When using the club 60, for example, to cause a golf ball 80 to follow a predetermined trajectory or travel path 82 toward a cup 84 on a golf green 86 along a surface 87, it is important to align the club face 18a (corresponding to face 18 of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2, or face 20 if the golfer is left handed) perpendicular to the trajectory 82. Since the surfaces 64, 74 are perpendicular to the club face 18a, if these surfaces are aligned with or are moved to a position substantially co-planar with the trajectory 82 then the face 18a or 20a will be in proper alignment for striking the ball and causing the ball to follow the trajectory 82. 
     A person using the club 60 will preferably place the club head 14a behind the ball 80 and rotate the shaft 62 until it is perpendicular to surface 87. Such person will then sight along a sight line 88 with the person&#39;s eye 90 and, preferably move the club 60 laterally, if necessary, so that the shaft 62 is in a plane which includes lines 82 and 88. The club head 14a and shaft 62 are then rotated about the longitudinal central axis 62a while the head is resting on surface 87 until the surfaces 64 and 66 and/or 74 are not visible. Accordingly, once the sight line 88 is established to be co-planar with the trajectory 82 and the club 60 is rotated as described in such a way that the indicia 75 on the surfaces 64 or 66 or 74 cannot be seen, or seen to a desired degree, then it is considered that the club face 18a is substantially perpendicular to the trajectory 82, or in the desired position to provide a desired trajectory, respectively. 
     Of course, the person using the club 60 may not have to stand behind the club but may stand in a substantially conventional position for addressing the ball 80 prior to stroking the club 60 and then bend down and turn one&#39;s head in such a way that the sight line 88 can be established. The club 60 can then be rotated on its surface 22a until the shaft 62 is substantially perpendicular to surface 87 and then rotated about the central axis 62a of the shaft until the surfaces 64 and/or 66 or 74 are not visible, thereby establishing a position of the face 18a which is substantially perpendicular to the trajectory 82. Of course, the club 60 is then rocked back on its surface 22a carefully to the conventional position for addressing and striking the ball 80, without rotating the club to take the face 18a out of a plane normal to the trajectory 82. 
     Alternatively, a method in accordance with the invention contemplates that only the surface 74 of the grip 72 may be used as the alignment surface and once this surface is not visible or is visible to a desired degree, using the same method as described above, the golfer knows that proper alignment of the face 18a or 20a is achieved 
     Moreover, the method of the invention contemplates that the golfer may, while addressing the ball 80 in a conventional stance, facing a direction substantially perpendicular to the trajectory 82 and holding the club in a position approximately ready to strike the ball 80, view the shaft 62 while looking downward thereon. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a golfer, addressing the ball 80 in a conventional manner while holding the club 60 would place his/her feet 851 and 85r along a line 85b substantially parallel to the trajectory 82, thereby causing the golfer to face substantially normal to the trajectory 82. While holding the club 60 in a conventional manner prior to striking the ball 80, the golfer may look downward on the shaft 62 and the handgrip 72. The shaft 62 is then rotated until the surfaces 68 and 70 are not visible and only the surface 64 is visible, or the surfaces 68 or 70 are visible to a desired degree, thereby indicating that the club face 18a is perpendicular to the trajectory 82. Of course, the trajectory 82 is not required to be a path directly toward the cup 84 but may, for example, be designated to compensate for various playing conditions, including the slope of the surface 87. 
     The method described herein may, of course, be utilized when placing shots with clubs other than the putter 60. For example, the mid iron 50 may be aligned, when addressing a ball, in the same manner described above for the club 60. In like manner other clubs normally used for long, intermediate or short shots may also be aligned for improving accuracy of the ball trajectory or travel path utilizing the method of the invention and incorporating a shaft having the features of the invention set forth herein. 
     Referring now to FIG. 8, a third alternate embodiment of a golf club in accordance with the invention is illustrated and generally designated by the numeral 100. The club 100 may also be a putter having a head 14a and a shaft 102 having a lower distal end part 102a of square cross section and an elongated shank part 102b (only a portion of which is shown in FIG. 8) which has a cross section of a generally &#34;X&#34; or cross shape, as indicated. In other words, the cross section of the shaft 102 has two opposed, projecting portions 104 and 106 which are coplanar and are normal to coplanar opposed projecting portions 108 and 110 forming the cross or &#34;X&#34; shape. The distal edges of the projecting portions 106 and 110 lie in a plane which includes the line 112 and is perpendicular to the face 18a and the face 20a, for example. The distal edges of projecting portions 104 and 108 lie in a plane which includes the line 114 parallel to the line 112 and also perpendicular to the faces 18a and 20a. In like manner the distal edges of the projections or projecting portions 104 and 110 lie in a plane which includes a line 116 and the distal edges of the projections 106 and 108 lie in a plane which includes a line 118 parallel to the line 116 and perpendicular to the lines 112 and 114. 
     The surfaces of the projections 106 and 110 extending between the distal edges of these projections, respectively, may be coated with a suitable indicia 121 of a color or visual perceptability which contrasts with the color or visual perceptability of the surfaces of the projections 104 and 110 which extend between the distal edges of these projections, respectively. The surfaces of the projections 104 and 108 extending between the distal edges of these projections, respectively, may be of the same color or show the same indicia as the indicia 121. Accordingly, the surfaces between the distal edges of the projections 106 and 108 may also be provided with a contrasting indicia similar to that which is formed on the surfaces of the projections 104 and 110 between the distal edges thereof, respectively. The effect of this type of contrasting indicia on the cross shaped shaft 102 is essentially the same as that provided by the shafts 16 and 62 of FIGS. 1 and 7, for example. In other words, when the club 100 is rotated about a central axis 102c of the shaft 102, the indicia 121 will not be visible or only partially visible when the club face 18a is perpendicular to the desired ball trajectory or travel path utilizing the method described hereinabove. 
     Referring to FIG. 9, a fourth alternate embodiment of a golf club in accordance with the invention is illustrated and generally designated by the numeral 130. The club 130, for the sake of discussion herein, utilizes a head 14a and a shaft 132 suitably attached to the head 14a which may require modification to provide a cylindrical receptacle for the lower distal end of the shaft 132, as compared with the square cross section lower distal ends of the shafts 62 and 102. Cylindrical shaft 132 is provided with suitable indicia 134 extending over an arc of about 180° with respect to central longitudinal axis 132a, as indicated by arc Y in FIG. 9, which arc extends across the shaft 132 from a line 136 which lies in a plane parallel to the faces 18a and 20a of the head 14a. The surface of the shaft 132 over the arc Z, as indicated in FIG. 9, with respect to axis 132a is of a contrasting color with respect to the indicia 134 so that, when the club 130 is utilized in accordance with the method of the invention, if only the indicia 134 is visible, it is indicated that the club face is aligned with the desired trajectory of the ball. 
     Still another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 10. In FIG. 10 a golf club 138 is illustrated including a head 14a connected to a conventional elongated tubular shaft 140. The shaft 140 is operable to have mounted thereon an alignment device, generally designated by the numeral 142, including opposed members 142a and 142b which may be identical and, when clamped on the shaft 140, form a rectangular alignment device having opposed alignment surfaces 144 and 146, as well as opposed alignment surfaces 148 and 150, forming an alignment means similar to the rectangular shaft 16. Suitable indicia 145 may be applied to surface 144 and contrasting with the color or indicia on the surfaces 150 and 148. The alignment device 142 may be attached to the shaft 140 using conventional fastening means, such as threaded fasteners not shown, or suitable interlocking tabs and receptacles formed on the respective parts 142a and 142b. As long as the device 142 is clamped tightly on the shaft 140 and with the surfaces 144 and 146 extending in planes normal to the faces 18a and 20a, the device 142 may be used on a conventional golf club to carry out the method of the invention. The alignment device 142 may be of other cross sectional configurations, including square, other polygonal shapes or have the cross shape of the embodiment of FIG. 8, for example. 
     Referring now to FIGS. 11 and 12, there is illustrated a sixth alternate embodiment of the invention comprising a golf club 12a substantially like the club 12 and including a rectangular shaft 16b connected to a club head 14. The golf club 12a is substantially like the golf club 12 except for the arrangement of indicia on shaft surfaces 30, 32, 34 and 36. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, approximately the lower half of the shaft 16b is provided with contrasting indicia on the surfaces 30, 32, 34 and 36 wherein highly visible indicia 31 is provided on the surfaces 34 and 36 and less visible indicia, such as a flat black coating or the like 33, is provided on the surface 30, in particular. 
     However, on the upper half of the shaft 16b, between the head 14 and the hand grip 40, the arrangement of the indicia 31 and 33 is reversed or, in other words, is like that for the shaft 16 of the golf club 12 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Accordingly, the golf club 12a may be used to align the faces 18 and/or 20 with the desired ball trajectory in accordance with the method of the invention wherein, for example, if the person using the club 12a wishes to align the club face 18 by establishing a line of sight and viewing the shaft 16 from a position of the person&#39;s viewing eye 90 as indicated in FIG. 7, the person would view the upper half of the shaft 16b and rotate the shaft about longitudinal axis 16a until the indicia 31 on the surfaces 30 and/or 32 was not visible, or visible to the desired degree. 
     Alternatively, if a person using the golf club 12a was standing in a conventional position holding the club and addressing a ball for executing a stroke of the club 12a, then such person would align the club face 18 or 20 by viewing the lower half of the shaft 16b and rotating the shaft about its axis 16a until the highly contrasting indicia 31 on the surfaces 34 and 36 was not visible or visible to the desired degree. This would indicate that the club face 18 was substantially perpendicular to the anticipated ball trajectory established by the person using the club. 
     The method just described with regard to the embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12 is also illustrated for a seventh alternate embodiment of a golf club in accordance with the invention, shown in FIG. 13 and generally designated by the numeral 12b. The golf club 12b includes the shaft 16b which is connected at its lower distal end to a club head comprising a driver wood 14b. The club head 14b includes a ball contact face or surface 18b for contacting ball 80 to drive same along a desired trajectory 82. Accordingly, a golfer 160, addressing the ball 80 as a right handed golfer would stand in the position shown, addressing the ball 80 with the club 12b and viewing the shaft 16b generally along sight lines 160a and 160b. The golfer 160 would then rotate the shaft 16b about its central axis 16a until the indicia 31 on the lower part of the shaft 16b was not visible or, visible to a desired degree, prior to driving the ball so that the club face 18b would be perpendicular to the trajectory 82 or in a preferred position with respect to the desired trajectory 82. 
     Referring now to FIG. 14, still another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the form of a golf club 170 having a club head 14a with a ball contact face 18a and opposing ball contact face 20a, if desired. The golf club 170 includes a square cross section shaft 172, similar to the shaft 62 of the embodiment of FIG. 7 having surfaces 174 and 176 extending parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the head faces 18a and 20a. Surfaces 178 and 180 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the surfaces 174 and 176. The square cross section shaft 172 is attached to the head 14a in the same manner as described above for the embodiments previously described. 
     The golf club 170 also includes a modified grip portion 182 which is of a polygonal cross section shape including a surface 184 substantially parallel to the surface 174 and perpendicular to the club face 18a. An opposing surface 186 is formed on the grip portion 182 and is parallel to the surface 184. As shown, by way of example, the grip portion 182 has a hexagonal cross sectional shape with surfaces 188, 190, 192 and 194 interposed between the surfaces 184 and 186. The widths of the surfaces forming the grip 182 may decrease from the upper distal end 182a of the grip portion to the opposite is end 182b to facilitate ease of handling of the golf club 170. 
     In accordance with the invention, it is contemplated that the shaft 172 may have indicia of the same color or visual perceptibility on all of the surfaces 174, 176, 178 and 180 and, depending on the particular color of the surfaces, no contrasting indicia may be required. However, as described above, contrasting indicia substantially assist in utilizing the golf clubs in accordance with this invention when practicing the method of alignment in accordance with the invention. Still further, it has been determined that if, in particular, the indicia on the surfaces 174, 176, 178 and 180 are all of the same color, or if the surfaces 174 and 176 have indicia which contrasts with the colors on the surfaces 178 and 180, proper alignment of the club may be enhanced by providing a relatively thin vertical stripe or line 196 extending parallel to the intersections of the surfaces of the shaft 172 with each other. In particular, if a thin contrasting stripe or line 196 is provided on the shaft 172 at the intersection of the surface 174 with the surfaces 178 and 180 that improved visual perceptibility of the position of the shaft may be obtained. Of course, the stripe or line 196 may be provided at the intersections of all of the surfaces of a square cross section or other polygonal cross section shaft or at the so-called corners of the shaft, if desired. The golf club 170 may, as with the other embodiments herein described, be a putter, or any of the clubs normally used in executing the game of golf. 
     Those skilled in the art will recognize from the foregoing description that unique golf club alignment devices and methods have been developed in accordance with the invention which may improve the accuracy and score of a golf game for inexperienced as well as experienced and professional golfers. The elements described in this application may be manufactured using conventional materials for golf clubs and the like including but not limited to steel, aluminum and reinforced polymer materials for the shafts described above and conventional materials for the club heads. Various attachments means may be used for connecting the shafts to the club heads including force fit, mechanical fasteners or suitable adhesives. 
     Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein those skilled in the art will also recognize that various substitutions and modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as recited in the appended claims.