Patent Publication Number: US-8539802-B2

Title: Movement transmission device and method

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a Section 371 National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/EP2004/004903, filed May 7, 2004 and published as WO 2004/099640 A2 on Nov. 18, 2004, not in English, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a device and a method, in particular for transmitting a movement as well as corresponding forces or moments and in particular a rotational movement to a lock, wherein the transmission takes place only in a coupled state but not in a decoupled state. 
     Devices and methods of this kind are used, in particular, in the field of lock devices such as door or safe locks and the like. 
     DE-C-37 42 189 discloses a lock cylinder, the coupling of which is connected to the locking bit and can be brought into engagement on one side with a bossed shaft. In order to configure such a lock cylinder in a more simple manner and to achieve better protection against unauthorized use of the lock cylinder, it is proposed that the bossed shaft be enclosed by a locking sleeve which can be displaced axially by the coupling and secured in certain positions. 
     EP-A-1 072 741 discloses a lock cylinder, in particular an electronic lock cylinder with electromechanical rotational blocking in which the electronic key has opposing electrical terminals on the shaft and the rotatable core of the lock cylinder has an external annular track that is electrically conducting and with its inner face communicates with an electrical contact supported on the terminal whereas the external annular track is supported in the electrical brushes of the external and internal rotors. 
     EP-A-0 743 411 discloses a lock device in which the key of the lock device comprises a code transmitter formed by a transponder. An actuator, a transponder reading device and a power supply device are arranged in the cylinder housing of the lock cylinder of the lock means. The actuator serves for displacing a locking means which locks or releases the cylinder core and which engages at the circumference of the cylinder core. 
     EP-A-1 079 050 discloses a lock means comprising a lock bit being blockable by a locking mechanism, wherein a coupling is arranged between the blocking mechanism and the lock bit. The coupling can be separated from only one side of the lock means. The lock means should thus be unlockable from this side without any access authorization for the locking mechanism. 
     EP-B-0 805 905 discloses a closing mechanism for a door comprising a spindle, an actuating means turning the spindle, a locking element in functional connection with the spindle to lock the door, and a coupling element fitted in the actuating means and acting on the rotation of the spindle. The coupling element moreover has a pin which moves to and fro axially to the spindle and which can be moved to and fro via a spindle by means of a locking element arranged independent of the actuating means via an electric motor drivable by means of an electronic control, in order either to transmit the rotation of the freely rotatable actuating means to the spindle or, in the case of an actuating means being rigidly connected with the shaft, to allow only a slight rotation of the actuating means connected with the shaft. Moreover, a cam is formed on the pin and a spiral spring is clamped as a force storage means between the cam and the spindle of the electric motor, and on the front surface of the actuating means a contact disk is provided via which the electronic control from an electronic information carrier can be controlled via data exchange. 
     Known devices and methods of this kind prove to be disadvantageous in that relatively much energy is demanded for shifting the coupling or lock element, that forces acting on the coupling element in the coupled and decoupled states cause a load of the lock element and/or that a load of the coupling element or lock element is transmitted to the drive or actuator. In addition to the above-mentioned relatively great energy demand for shifting the coupling, this can result in an increased wear and a reduced functional safety and/or manipulation safety, in particular due to an unreliable leaving of the coupled state in the unloaded state. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. Further and/or additional objects of the invention include the provision of a device for transmitting a movement and corresponding forces or moments, which can be shifted thereby demanding very little energy, can be shifted by means of a bistable actuator, assures a safe decoupling with a bistable actuator and/or exhibits a high manipulation safety. This/these object(s) is/are achieved with the features of the claims. 
     In achieving this/these object(s), the invention starts out from the basic idea of providing a device for transmitting a movement as well as corresponding forces and moments, wherein the device comprises a driving mechanism or drive and a take-off mechanism or take-off, wherein the drive and take-off are connected via at least one coupling element in such a manner that at least one coupling element moves in any way upon a relative movement between the drive and the take-off, wherein, however, it cannot transmit the movement of the drive to the take-off because the latter&#39;s mechanical potential or the latter&#39;s resistance to a specific movement or a specific course of movement or part of movement cannot be overcome. In particular, the drive and take-off are coupled via the at least one coupling element in such a manner that in the decoupled state a movement of the drive causes a movement of at least one coupling element which cannot transmit a movement of the drive to the take-off. 
     In the coupled state, the coupling is preferably made in that the coupling element is prevented from the movement caused by the relative movement between drive and take-off. Preferably, the drive and take-off are coupled via the coupling element in such a manner that in the decoupled state, a rotational movement of the drive causes an essentially axial and/or radial movement of the coupling element and that a rotational movement of the drive in the coupled state essentially causes a rotational movement of the coupling element. In this regard, an axial and/or radial movement of the coupling element preferably essentially does not cause a movement of the take-off, wherein a rotational movement of the coupling element preferably essentially causes a rotational movement of the take-off. According to a further or additional embodiment, the drive and take-off are coupled via the coupling element preferably in such a manner that in the decoupled state a rotational movement of the drive essentially causes a rotational as well as an axial and/or radial movement of the coupling element and that a rotational movement of the drive in the coupled state essentially causes a rotational movement of the coupling element. Here, a rotational as well as an axial and/or radial movement of the coupling element preferably essentially do not cause a movement of the take-off, wherein a rotational movement, preferably an essentially only rotational movement of the coupling element preferably essentially causes a rotational movement of the take-off. According to a further embodiment, the drive and take-off are essentially moved linearly and are preferably coupled via the coupling element in such a manner that in the decoupled state a movement of the drive causes a movement component or a movement of the coupling element being essentially orthogonal with respect thereto and that a movement of the drive in the coupled state essentially causes a movement of the coupling element in the same direction. 
     A device according to the invention furthermore preferably comprises a coupling means which can cause a coupling and decoupling of the drive and take-off via the at least one coupling element. According to a preferred embodiment, in the decoupled state the coupling means is essentially not engaged with the coupling element(s). Moreover, in the coupled state the coupling means preferably limits the movability, in particular the axial and/or radial movability of the coupling element or the movability of the coupling element being orthogonal with respect to the movement of the drive and take-off. In a preferred embodiment, the coupling element comprises at least one coupling locking device for limiting the axial and/or radial movability of the coupling element or the movability of the coupling element being orthogonal with respect to the movement of the drive and take-off in the coupled state, at least one actuator for positioning the coupling locking device and/or at least one storage device or resistor for positioning the coupling locking device and/or for storing position information of the coupling locking device. In case of a rotational movement, a movement being orthogonal with respect to this movement means a movement being axial and/or radial with respect to this rotational movement. 
     The coupling means is preferably configured such that the actuator is suitable for causing a movement or positioning of at least one coupling locking device, for example a coupling locking element, against a resistance of a storage device or resistor, for example via a mechanical potential such as a spring or magnetic force, into a position being suitable with respect to the coupling. In a preferred embodiment, the actuator can be operated mechanically and/or electrically and/or electromagnetically. The actuator is preferably driven by a battery. In a further preferred embodiment, the actuator is pulse-controlled and/or bistable. Furthermore, the actuator can comprise at least one electromagnet for operating a coupling locking device. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the coupling element and the coupling means are configured such that the coupling can only disengage if a force between drive and take-off falls below a specific minimum value and if the actuator is in a rest position or a position corresponding to the decoupled state. 
     According to a preferred embodiment, the drive/take-off communicates with at least one coupling element via at least one first guide means. This guide means is preferably configured such that a relative rotation between the coupling element and the drive/take-off preferably causes an essentially axial and/or radial movement of the coupling element with respect to the drive/take-off. 
     The drive/take-off thus communicates with at least one coupling element via at least one first guide means. Moreover, the coupling element preferably communicates with the drive/take-off via at least one second guide means. The second guide means is preferably configured parallel with respect to an axial and/or radial direction of movement of the coupling element or a longitudinal axis of the device, or essentially causes a correspondingly parallel guidance. The at least one second guide means of the coupling element is preferably configured such that a torque on the coupling element exerts a torque on the take-off/drive but not an axial force. 
     According to a further preferred embodiment in which the drive and take-off are moved essentially linearly, the drive/take-off communicates with at least one coupling element via at least one first guide means. This guide means is preferably configured such that a relative linear movement between the coupling element and the drive/take-off preferably causes a movement component of the coupling element being orthogonal thereto. 
     The drive/take-off thus communicates with at least one coupling element via at least one first guide means. Moreover, the coupling element preferably communicates with the take-off/drive via at least one second guide means. The second guide means is preferably configured such that a force in the linear movement direction to the coupling element essentially exerts a force in the same direction to the take-off/drive, but essentially no force being orthogonal thereto. 
     The take-off has preferably a first resistance or first mechanical potential which has to be overcome so that the take-off can rotate. According to a preferred embodiment, this is caused by at least one resistor or potential arrangement which, via a third guide means and upon a movement of the take-off, sets a resistance or a potential at least in parts of the course of movement against this movement. According to a preferred embodiment, the resistor or potential arrangement is configured as a spring arrangement which is at least partially loaded upon a movement of the take-off at least in parts of the course of movement. In a further preferred embodiment, the mechanical potential which has to be overcome for the movement of the take-off, essentially acts on the coupling element, e.g., via a potential arrangement or a torsion spring. 
     A movement of the drive causes at least in parts of the course of movement a displacement of the coupling element in orthogonal directions thereto if the mechanical potential which has to be overcome on the take-off is greater than that required for displacing the coupling element. This means that upon a rotation of the drive, the coupling element is moved to and fro but cannot cause a movement of the take-off because it cannot overcome the mechanical potential of the take-off. 
     Preferably, at least one coupling locking device or coupling locking element can be moved via an actuator (e.g. an electric motor and/or an electromagnet arrangement) such into the engagement region of the coupling element that said coupling element is prevented from an axial and/or radial movement or from a movement being orthogonal with respect to the movement of the drive/take-off. The mechanical interaction between coupling element and coupling locking element is preferably realized such that the coupling element is not prevented from transmitting the usable movement. 
     Via the second guide arrangement, the movement of the coupling element is transmitted to the take-off, wherein the potential, e.g. the effect of the potential arrangement, can be overcome. 
     Moreover, the device preferably comprises a further, second resistance or further, second mechanical potential which has to be overcome at least in parts of a relative course of movement between drive and take-off. This mechanical potential is smaller than the first mechanical potential which has to be overcome for moving the take-off. This mechanical potential preferably also leads to the fact that, when the torque exerted on the drive falls below a specific value, the coupling means take(s) a position which essentially allows a forceless movement of the coupling locking device or coupling locking element into and out of the engagement region. 
     In particular, the cooperation of the coupling locking elements and coupling elements can be realized such that the force applied by the coupling element causes a movement tendency towards a stronger and more reliable engagement, i.e. if there is only a partial engagement at the beginning of the force application, a more reliable position is finally reached in any case. 
     According to a preferred embodiment, the movement of the coupling element is pulse-controlled; this is particularly preferred in case a battery drive is used. In this case, the drive or take-off is preferably moved in the corresponding positions via corresponding spring mechanisms in the quiescent condition. The actuator and coupling locking device or coupling locking element are preferably coupled via a spring element so that, for example, a once given electrical pulse to the actuator is mechanically temporarily stored until the coupling element is in a suitable position. This applies both to coupling and/or decoupling. It is thus particularly assured that the desired condition is achieved independent of the mechanical status. 
     According to preferred embodiments, the coupling means is resistant to manipulation. The coupling means is preferably shock or impact resistant. This can preferably be achieved in that the essential movement directions of the coupling means are essentially orthogonal with respect to the expected shock directions. A further preferred embodiment provides for counter moments which compensate the forces caused by the shock. 
     In accordance with a method according to the invention, in particular for transmitting a movement and corresponding forces and moments by means of a coupling, the realization and/or arrangement of corresponding elements and/or their movements, as described in connection with a discussion of the devices according to the invention, as well as the transmission or coupling of a movement and corresponding forces and movements takes place by means of a device according to the invention. 
     The application in lock devices or lock mechanisms, in particular electrical and/or transponder-controlled lock devices is advantageous. In particular, an electronic position detection of the coupling locking element is possible, and the actuator can be controlled on the basis thereof. 
     In the following, a device according to the invention and a method according to the invention are described in more detail on the basis of a preferred embodiment and with reference to the drawings in which 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a partial sectional side view of a device according to the invention, wherein 
         FIG. 1   a  is a side view of the device according to the invention without a force being applied to the drive and take-off; 
         FIG. 1   b  is the device according to the invention in the decoupled state during rotation of the drive; 
         FIG. 1   c  is the device according to the invention in the coupled state during rotation of the drive; and 
         FIG. 2  is a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the present invention, wherein 
         FIG. 2   a  is a partial sectional side view of the device according to the invention without a force being applied to the drive, 
         FIG. 2   b  is a sectional view A-A of the coupling element, and 
         FIG. 2   c  is a sectional view B-B of the take-off, and 
         FIG. 3  is a further preferred embodiment of a coupling device to be used with a device according to the invention or a method according to the invention, and 
         FIG. 4  is a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, wherein 
         FIG. 4   a  is a sectional view A-A of the device according to the invention in the coupled state during rotation of the drive, 
         FIG. 4   b  is a sectional view C-C of the device according to the invention in the coupled state during rotation of the drive, 
         FIG. 4   c  is a sectional view B-B of the device according to the invention in the decoupled state during rotation of the drive, and 
         FIG. 4   d  is a sectional view B-B of the device according to the invention in the coupled state during rotation of the drive, and 
         FIG. 5  is a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, wherein 
         FIG. 5   a  is a sectional view B-B of the device according to the invention in the decoupled state during rotation of the drive, and 
         FIG. 5   b  is a sectional view B-B of the device according to the invention in the coupled state during rotation of the drive, and wherein 
         FIG. 6  is a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, wherein 
         FIG. 6   a  is a sectional view B-B of the device according to the invention in the decoupled state during the rotation of the drive, and 
         FIG. 6   b  is a sectional view B-B of the device according to the invention in the coupled state during rotation of the drive. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  shows a preferred device  1  according to the invention for transmitting a movement and corresponding forces and moments, wherein the device  1  comprises a drive  2  and a take-off  3 . Drive  2  and take-off  3  communicate via a coupling element  4  or are coupled therewith. The coupling element  4  and the drive  2  and take-off  3  are configured such that in the decoupled state a relative movement between the drive  2  and the take-off  3  causes a movement of the coupling element  4  which is not suitable for transmitting a movement of the drive  2  to the take-off  3 . 
     For this purpose, the coupling element  4  preferably comprises at least a part of a first and/or second guide means, i.e. at least one first slide surface  5  and at least one second slide surface  6  which respectively communicate with at least a part of the first guide means arranged at the drive  2 , i.e. at least one first slide element  7 , and at least a part of the second guide means arranged at the take-off  3 , i.e. at least one second slide element  8 . The slide surfaces  5  and  6  and the guide elements  7  and  8  are preferably configured and/or arranged such that in the decoupled state a rotational movement of the drive  2  causes an essentially axial movement of the coupling element  4 , wherein the axial movement of the coupling element  4  essentially does not cause a movement of the take-off  3 . Moreover, a rotational movement of the drive  2  in the coupled state preferably essentially causes a rotational movement of the coupling element  4 , which in turn preferably essentially causes a rotational movement of the take-off  3 . 
     For this purpose, the at least one first slide surface  5  is preferably inclined with respect to an axial movement direction of the coupling element  4 . In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one first slide surface  5  is inclined with respect to a longitudinal axis of the device  1 . Moreover, the at least one first slide surface  5  has preferably at least partially one or more radius(es). In a preferred embodiment according to the representation in  FIG. 1 , the at least one first slide surface  5  is formed as an indentation having radiuses. Preferably, the radius and/or gradient of the at least one first slide surface  5  vary along its length in order to cause a defined transmission of a movement and/or force or moment when the at least one first slide element  7  slides along and/or contacts the first slide surface  5 . 
     The at least one first slide element  7  is preferably arranged at the drive  2  in such a manner that when it is rotated, it essentially moves on a plane being approximately perpendicular with respect to an axial movement direction of the coupling element  4  or a longitudinal axis of the device. In this regard, it preferably contacts at least one first slide surface  5  of the coupling element  4  and/or slides along it. 
     The at least one second slide surface  6  being arranged at the coupling element  4  for contacting the at least one second slide element  8  arranged at the take-off  3  is preferably essentially configured parallel with respect to an axial movement direction of the coupling element  4  or with respect to a longitudinal axis of the device  1 . The at least one second slide element  8  is preferably arranged such that when the coupling element  4  or the take-off  3  is rotated, it is moved essentially on a plane being perpendicular with respect to an axial movement direction of the coupling element  4 , a rotational axis of the take-off  3  and/or a longitudinal axis of the device  1 , wherein it contacts at least one second slide surface  6  and/or slides along it. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the at least one second slide surface  6  is formed by a recess in the coupling element  4 , particularly preferably by an essentially rectangular recess, as shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     In a preferred embodiment, the slide surfaces and slide elements and their arrangements consisting of drive, take-off and coupling element are interchanged. 
     The shown embodiment moreover comprises a coupling spring  9  being arranged between the coupling element  4  and the take-off  3 , wherein it pre-stresses the coupling element  4  with respect to the drive  2  and/or take-off  3 . The coupling spring  9  preferably presses the coupling element  4  or at least one first slide surface  5  against at least one first slide element  7 . 
     According to a further preferred embodiment, the take-off  3  comprises at least a part of a third guide means with at least one third slide surface  10 . The at least one third slide surface  10  is preferably inclined or sloped with respect to a rotational axis of the take-off  3 , an axial movement direction of the coupling element  4  and/or a longitudinal axis of the device  1 . According to further or additional preferred embodiments of the at least one third slide surface  10 , it is referred to the discussion of the at least one first slide surface  5 . 
     The device  1  furthermore preferably comprises at least a part of a third guide means, namely at least one third slide element  11  for contacting the at least one third slide surface  10  arranged at the take-off  3 . The at least one third slide element  11  is preferably arranged on a guide  12 , wherein at least a third slide element  11  is preferably arranged in a guide groove  13  formed in the guide  12 . According to a preferred embodiment, the guide  12  or guide groove  13  prevents a displacement of the at least one third slide element  11  along a plane being approximately perpendicular with respect to the rotational axis of the take-off  3 , the axial movement direction of the coupling element  4  and/or the longitudinal axis of the device  1 . Particularly preferably, the guide  12  or guide groove  13  guarantees only a displacement of the at least one third slide element  11  along a rotational axis of the take-off  3 , an axial movement direction of the coupling element  4  and/or a longitudinal axis of the device  1 . Moreover, the device  1  comprises a potential spring  14  being arranged on the guide  12  and causing a pre-stressing of the at least one third slide element  11  with respect to the take-off  3 . According to a preferred embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 1 , at least one third slide element  11  is in contact with at least one third slide surface  10 , wherein it is pre-stressed with respect thereto by the potential spring  14 . Here, the potential spring  14  presses the slide element  11  against the slide surface  10 . Such an arrangement causes a mechanical potential of the take-off which has to be overcome so that the take-off can be rotated. 
     According to further preferred embodiments, the guide  12 , potential spring  14  and third slide surface(s)  10  are preferably arranged essentially perpendicular with respect to a rotational axis of the take-off  3 , an axial movement direction of the coupling element  4  and/or a longitudinal axis of the device  1 . Thus, it is possible to reduce the axial length of the device thereby achieving the same effect. 
     Moreover, the device preferably comprises a coupling means or coupling mechanism  15 , which, in a preferred embodiment according to the representation in  FIG. 1 , comprises an actuator  16 , a coupling locking device or coupling locking element  17  as well as a storage device or resistor, here the coupling locking spring  18 . 
     The coupling means  15  is preferably configured or arranged such that the coupling locking element  17  can essentially take two positions, wherein one position causes a decoupled state of the device  1  ( FIG. 1   a ,  FIG. 1   b ) and a further position causes a coupled state of the device ( FIG. 1   c ). Thus, the coupling means  15  can cause a coupling and a decoupling of the drive  2  and the take-off  3  via the coupling element  4 . Here, the respective state depends on the position of the coupling means  15 . 
     The coupling means  15  is preferably configured such that in the decoupled state the coupling locking device or coupling locking element  17  is not engaged with the coupling element  4  and wherein in the coupled state the coupling means  15  or coupling locking element  17  is arranged such with respect to the coupling element  4  that the movement of the coupling element  4  is limited. According to a preferred embodiment, the coupling element  4  comprises at least one coupling portion  19  which is preferably configured as a projection and particularly preferably as a peripheral projection. For generating a coupled state, the actuator  16  positions the coupling locking element  17  such with respect to the coupling element  4  that it essentially limits or prevents an axial movement of the coupling element  4 . Particularly preferably, the coupling means  15  or coupling locking element  17  prevents an axial movement of the coupling element  4  by means of an engagement with at least one coupling portion  19 . 
     The coupling means  15  is preferably configured such that the actuator  16  positions the coupling locking element  17  against the coupling locking spring  18  in the position being suitable for the coupling. Here, the coupling means  15  is preferably configured such that without the influence of energy, i.e. in particular without an action of the actuator  16 , the device  1  is in the decoupled state. Preferably, in the otherwise unloaded state, the coupling locking spring  18  causes a positioning of the coupling locking element  17  in the decoupled state. By actuating the actuator, the coupling locking element can be brought, against the spring force of the coupling locking spring  18 , in the position being suitable for coupling. 
     For this purpose, the coupling locking element  17  is preferably moved in the engagement area of the coupling element  4  or a coupling portion  19 . In a preferred embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 1 , the actuator is formed by an electric motor which preferably has an eccentric disk  20  by means of which a displacement of the coupling locking element  17  is caused when the actuator is rotated. Here, a movement of the coupling locking element  17  caused by the actuator is only necessary when it is intended to change the state from the decoupled state into the coupled state. The change from the coupled state into the decoupled state is caused by the spring force of the coupling locking spring  18 . As an alternative with regard to the electromotor, it is also possible that the actuator  16  is formed by an electromagnet arrangement comparable to the electromagnet arrangement shown in  FIG. 4  which will be discussed in detail in the following. 
     For a further description of the effects of the coupled and decoupled states of the device, it is particularly referred to  FIGS. 1   b  and  1   c , respectively. If the device  1  is in the decoupled state ( FIG. 1   b ), a relative movement between drive  2  and take-off  3 —here a rotation of the drive  2  is shown—does not cause a movement of the take-off  3 , in particular because its mechanical potential cannot be overcome. The drive  2  communicates with the coupling element  4  via a first slide element  7  and a first slide surface  5 . If the drive  2  is rotated, due to the inclined slide surface of the coupling element  4 , the drive is displaced in the axial direction against the force of the coupling spring  9 . Here, axial and radial force components are transmitted to the coupling element  4  via the at least one first slide element  7 . The axial component causes a displacement of the coupling element in the direction shown by arrow X. Such a displacement of the coupling element  4  does not cause a transmission of a movement to the take-off  3 , because the at least one second slide element  8  being arranged on the take-off  3  contacts or moves along the second slide surfaces  6  being arranged essentially parallel with respect to the axial movement direction of the coupling element  4 , wherein the second slide surfaces  6  do not transmit a movement or force via the at least one second slide element  8  to the take-off  3 . In practical application, a radial force, which causes a torque on the coupling element  4 , continues to act on the coupling element  4  due to the inclination of the at least one first slide surface. Thus, the coupling element  4  tends to rotate around its axial displacement direction, wherein at least one of the second slide surfaces  6  acts on at least one second slide element  8  so that a force, which is perpendicular in the representation, acts on the second slide element  8  or a torque is transmitted to the take-off  3 . Here, the transmitting torque is so low that it is not able to overcome the mechanical potential of the take-off  3  being directed against a rotational movement of the take-off  3 . Accordingly, in the decoupled state the coupling element  4  is moved in the axial direction due to a rotation of the drive  2  if the force generated by the rotation of the drive  2  and acting on the coupling element  4  is greater than the force generated by the coupling spring  9  and countering the axial displacement of the coupling element  4 , wherein, however, no rotational movement of the take-off is caused because its mechanical potential cannot be overcome. 
     If the device is coupled, i.e. the coupling locking element  17  is moved via the eccentric  20  of the actuator  16  against the force of the coupling locking spring  18  into the engagement area of the coupling element  4 , it prevents an axial movement of the coupling element  4  due to an engagement with the coupling element  4  or with the coupling portion  19 . If the drive  2  is rotated, the coupling locking element  17  prevents the coupling element  4  from an axial displacement but not from a rotation, so that the rotation of the drive  2  via at least one first slide element  7  and at least one inclined slide surface  5  is transmitted or changed into a rotational movement of the coupling element  4 . The prevention of an axial movement of the coupling element  4  thus essentially prevents a sliding of the slide element  7  along a slide surface  5 , so that the rotational movement of the drive  2  is transmitted to the coupling element  4  ( FIG. 1   c ). The rotational movement of the drive  2  is then transmitted to the take-off  3  via the coupling element  4  or the slide element  7 , slide surface  5 , slide surface  6  and slide element  8 . Since the torque used for the rotational movement of the drive  2  is not converted into an axial displacement of the coupling element  4  but transmitted via the coupling element  4  to the take-off  3 , the effect or resistance of the potential arrangement can be overcome, and thus the take-off  3  can be rotated. The coupling locking element  17  thus prevents or hinders an axial movement of the coupling element  4  but does not prevent or hinder a rotation thereof because the axial counter-force is transmitted via the slide surface  5 . 
     In a preferred embodiment, the coupling locking element  17  and/or the coupling element  4  or coupling portion  19  is configured such that forces of the coupling element  4  acting on the coupling locking element  17  cause a relief of the actuator. Here, the contact surfaces of the coupling locking element  17  and coupling element  4  or coupling portion  19  are preferably inclined such that an axial force of the coupling element  4  acting on the coupling locking element  17  causes a movement tendency of the coupling locking element towards a stronger and more reliable engagement, so that at the beginning of the force application there is only a partial engagement, but then in any case an essentially reliable position is reached and moreover it is assured that the coupling locking element  17  is locked in the coupled state and its return to the decoupled state is prevented as long as the torque, which is transmitted from the drive to the take-off, does not fall below a predetermined value. In further preferred embodiments, the contact surfaces of the coupling locking element  17  and the coupling element  4  or coupling portion  19  have further configurations differing from the shown surface geometries, wherein, however, they fulfill the functions described above. 
     After rotation of the drive  2  and displacement of the coupling element  4 , the coupling spring  9  and/or potential spring  14  preferably cause a return of the individual elements, i.e. drive  2 , coupling element  4  and/or take-off  3  into the starting positions (cf.  FIG. 1   a ). As shown in  FIG. 1 , in a preferred embodiment, the drive  2 , take-off  3  as well as guide  12  and coupling means  15  are supported such that an axial displacement, i.e. in the direction of or opposite to the direction of arrow X in  FIG. 1   b  is prevented or essentially limited. 
     In preferred embodiments, the first, second and third slide elements  7 ,  8  and  11 , as well as the first, second and third slide surfaces  5 ,  6  and  10  are arranged outside the rotational axis of the device  1 . According to a further or additional preferred embodiment, the drive  2 , coupling element  4 , take-off  3  and/or guide  12  are essentially symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuator  16  is driven by a battery and, according to a further or additional preferred embodiment, pulse controlled. According to a further embodiment, the actuator is configured in a manner different from that described but suitable for fulfilling the described functions. 
     In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, as shown in  FIG. 2 , i.e.  FIGS. 2   a - 2   c , a mechanical potential, which has to be overcome for moving the take-off, acts on the coupling element  4  by means of a spring element  21 , e.g., a torsion spring or a potential arrangement. This embodiment differs from the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , i.e.  FIGS. 1   a - 1   c  in that the take-off  3  does not necessarily comprise a mechanical potential, as this is essentially transmitted to the coupling element by the torsion spring  21 . The rotation angle of the take-off  3  can be limited by the cooperation of the take-off  3  with a stop  22 , wherein  FIG. 2   c  shows the rest position. 
     As described above, in the decoupled state the coupling element  4  is moved in axial direction by a rotation of drive  2 , if the force acting on coupling element  4  and being generated by the rotation of the drive  2  is greater than the force generated by the coupling spring  9  and countering against the axial displacement of the coupling element  4 . However, no rotational movement of the take-off  3  is caused as the mechanical potential of the coupling element  4  generated by the spring element  21  cannot be overcome. 
     As described above, in the coupled state in contrast a rotational movement of the drive  2  causes preferably essentially a rotational movement of the coupling element  4 , the rotational movement being transmitted to the take-off  3  as the mechanical potential generated by the torsion spring  21  can now be overcome. 
       FIG. 3  shows a further preferred embodiment of a coupling means  15  for use with a device, for example a device as shown in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 2  and described above. Here, we only deal with the features which are different from that of the embodiment described above.  FIG. 3  shows a coupling means  15  for coupling a coupling element  4  with an actuator  16 , an eccentric  20 , a coupling locking means or coupling locking element  17  as well as a storage means or resistor, here the coupling locking spring  18 .  FIG. 3   a  shows the actuator  16  or eccentric  20  in a neutral or decoupled position, the coupling locking element  17  is also in a decoupled position.  FIG. 3   b  shows the actuator  16  in a coupled position, wherein the position of the coupling element  4  prevents the coupling locking element  17  from being coupled. In this case, the position information or positioning energy for positioning the coupling locking element  17  in the coupled position is stored in the coupling locking spring  18 . If the coupling element  4  moves into a position allowing a coupling, as shown in  FIG. 3   c , the coupling locking spring  18  positions the coupling locking element  17  in the coupled position due to the stored energy. The position of the actuator  16  remains unchanged. In the reverse,  FIG. 3   d  shows the coupling locking element  17  in the coupled position, i.e. in engagement with the coupling element  4 , wherein the actuator  16  is in a neutral or decoupled position. In this case, too, the position information or positioning energy for the positioning of the coupling locking element  17  is stored in the coupling locking spring  18 . If the coupling element  4  is moved in a position allowing a decoupling, the coupling locking spring  18  positions the coupling locking element  17  in the neutral or decoupled position, as shown in  FIG. 2   a , because of the stored energy. 
     It can be taken from the embodiments described above that the devices according to the invention are preferably resistant to manipulation. A further resistance to manipulation is, for example and preferably achieved in that the coupling locking element  17  is supported in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the device and arranged perpendicularly as well as in that the actuator  16  is arranged transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device. In case of an impact or shock in the longitudinal direction of the device, for example if the device is used as a lock device in case of an impact against the latter, due to such an arrangement there is no or only a slight force acting on the actuator  16  which would be suitable to displace the actuator, as well as there is no or only a slight force acting in the coupling or decoupling direction of the coupling locking element  17 . 
     According to a further preferred embodiment, the device and method are realized such that an axial and/or radial movement of the drive via a corresponding arrangement of the individual elements causes an axial and/or radial movement of the take-off, wherein the movement of the drive to the take-off can be correspondingly coupled by means of at least one coupling element. Further preferred embodiments can be achieved by combining different preferred embodiments. Moreover, a plurality of devices can be connected with each other, for example, they can be arranged in line, or they can have one or several drives, take-offs, coupling elements, guide devices, coupling means, etc. which are connected or communicate with each other. 
     In further preferred embodiments, translatory instead of rotational movements are accordingly coupled. 
     In accordance with a method according to the invention, a movement as well as corresponding forces and moments are transmitted in accordance with the described functioning of a device according to the invention, and in a further preferred method by the use of a device according to the invention. 
     A further or additional embodiment according to the present invention is shown in  FIG. 4 , i.e.  FIGS. 4   a - 4   d . Here, the coupling element  4  comprises a plurality of elements  23 , e.g. in form of reels, which are guided in the drive  2  such that the reels essentially move only in the direction being radial with respect to the drive, as shown, e.g. in  FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b.    
     In  FIGS. 4   a ,  4   c ,  4   d  as well as in  FIGS. 5   a ,  5   b ,  6   a  and  6   b  to be discussed in the following, it is to be noted that, for reasons of better overview, the coupling element in form of a reel  23  is shown in a sectional view but is arranged above the actual section plane. Furthermore, for reasons of better overview the sections are made as thin layers. 
     In the view shown in  FIG. 4   a , the actuator in form of an electromagnet is furthermore omitted for reasons of better overview. Furthermore, in  FIGS. 4 ,  5  and  6 , no mechanical potential arranged at the drive has been indicated for reasons of better overview. 
     The reels  23  are pressed outwards in the direction of the take-off  3  by a spring element  24 , e.g. consisting of a leg spring. The take-off  3  is configured such that the reels or roller elements  23  preferably roll on radial projections  25  formed at the inside of the take-off  3  and thus have to give way inwards in case of a relative movement between drive  2  and take-off  3  whereby they have to overcome the potential of the spring element  24 . However, the reels are not able to overcome the mechanical potential of the take-off  3  so that in the decoupled state if the drive  2  rotates essentially no rotation of the take-off  3  is caused, as the mechanical potential of the take-off is not overcome. For reasons of simplicity, the mechanical potential of the take-off  3  is not shown in  FIGS. 4   a - 4   d.    
     Moreover, as a coupling mechanism  15  the device comprises an actuator  16  having an electromagnet arrangement, a rotatable coupling locking element  17  having a coupling locking spring  18  as well as a switch element  30  and a switch element spring  31 . 
     The coupling means  15  is preferably configured such that the coupling locking element  17  can essentially take two positions, wherein one position causes a decoupled state of the device  1  ( FIG. 4   c ) and a further position causes a coupled state of the device ( FIGS. 4   a ,  4   b ,  4   d ). Thus, the coupling means  15  can cause a coupling and decoupling of the drive  2  with the take-off  3  via the coupling element  4 , here in form of reels  23 . Here, the respective state depends on the position of the coupling means  15 . 
     In the coupled state, as shown in  FIGS. 4   a ,  4   b  and  4   d , the coupling locking element  17  is located between the reels  23  so that these can no longer give way and a torque can be transmitted to the take-off  3 . This is achieved in that a current is led over a coil  27 , which causes a magnetic flux through the yoke  26  and the switch element  30 , which is preferably at least partially magnetically permeable. Said flux causes an attracting force in the air gap between yoke  26  and switch element  30 , said force compressing the switch element spring  31  of the switch element. Thereby, the coupling locking element  17  being connected to the switch element  30  via the coupling locking spring  18 , is moved to the middle in such a manner that the drive and the take-off are coupled with each other. 
     Here, it is an advantage, that in the coupled state no friction occurs, as the radially acting counterforce is eliminated by the symmetric configuration of the embodiment. 
     For decoupling, the switch element  30  is released from the electromagnet arrangement  26 ,  27  so that the switch element spring  31  moves the coupling locking element  17  back into its rest position. The decoupling can be supported by a stop  33  in that said stop limits the path of the coupling locking element  17  such that the coupling locking spring  18  is pre-stressed when the switch element  30  is attracted. When, for the decoupling, the magnet force is removed from the switch element  30  for a short period of time, said switch element can detach somewhat from its stop at the yoke  26  due to the pre-stressed coupling locking spring  18  even if the coupling locking element  17  is still clamped between the coupling elements  4  due to an external torque acting on the drive  2 . 
     A further or additional embodiment is shown in  FIG. 5 , i.e.  FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b . This embodiment is essentially identical to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4  and mainly differs from the latter in the configuration of the coupling means  15 . 
     In the coupling means  15 , the coupling locking element  17  and the switch element  30  moved by the actuator  16  are configured separately. In the decoupled state, the switch element  30  is forced against the coupling locking element  17  and its coupling locking spring  18  by the switch element spring  31 , as shown in  FIG. 5   a . As the coupling locking spring  18  is preferably weaker than the switch element spring  31 , the coupling locking element  17  is forced against a stop  33 . 
     In order to couple drive  2  and take-off  3  with each other, the switch element  30  is operated by the actuator  16 . Here, the switch element  30  is attracted by the activated electromagnet  26 ,  27  so that the coupling locking spring  18  is able to move the coupling locking element  17  towards the middle into a coupled position. In said state, the coupling locking element  17  and the switch element  30  are preferably not in direct mechanical contact. Thus, the decoupling is supported: If, for decoupling, the magnetic force is removed from the switch element  30  for a short period of time, for the distance to the coupling locking element  17  said element can detach somewhat from the stop at the yoke  26  due to the pre-stressed switch element spring  31 , even if the coupling locking element  17  is still locked between the coupling elements  4  due to an external torque acting on the drive  2 . 
     A further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in  FIG. 6 , i.e.  FIGS. 6   a  and  6   b . This embodiment is essentially identical to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4  and mainly differs from the latter in the configuration of the coupling means  15 . The coupling means  15  is configured such that instead of the switch element  30  and the switch element spring  31 , the coupling locking element  17  and its coupling locking spring  18  are directly operated by the actuator  16 . 
     The coupling locking element  17  and/or the switch element  30  are supported rotatably and/or displaceably wherein the movement necessary for the coupling is essentially perpendicular to the attack direction, as shown in  FIGS. 4 to 6 . It is an advantage of the above-mentioned embodiments, that they are particularly manipulation resistant therefore. Thus, manipulatively introduced acceleration in the attack direction essentially cannot cause a movement of said element into the coupled position. 
     In a rotatable embodiment of the coupling locking element  17  and/or the switch element  30 , the center of mass of said elements can be supported in their rest position (decoupled) relatively to their rotation axis such that in case of accelerations which have essentially the direction of the direction of attack, no coupling can be caused. For example, this can preferably be achieved in that the connection line between center of mass and rotation center is essentially parallel to the direction of attack. 
     A further advantage of the embodiments according to  FIGS. 4 to 6  is that the movement for coupling is directed towards the middle so that also centrifugal forces cannot be used for manipulations. 
     The effective direction of the magnetic field (or fields) between the coupling locking element  17  or the switch element  30  and the yoke  26 , said field(s) being generated by the coil  27 , is essentially transversal to the direction of attack. This is advantageous in that external manipulative magnet field cannot be effective in this direction, they will essentially cause a repulsion of the coupling locking element  17  or the switch element  30  away from the yoke  26 . 
     It is to be noted that besides the embodiments described above in which roller elements are used as coupling elements, it can also be thought of embodiments having only one roller element  23  or sliding element or having more than two roller elements  23  or sliding elements as well as combination of roller and sliding elements. 
     According to further preferred embodiments, the different described preferred embodiments can be combined arbitrarily and interchanged, wherein, for the sake of clarity, not all alternative embodiments are discussed in detail herein. 
     The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are particularly suitable for being used in the field of lock devices and lock mechanisms. The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention particularly allow the coupling of a drive and take-off thereby demanding very little energy, wherein particularly a safe decoupling with an essentially unloaded drive is guaranteed. Moreover, the coupling can be shifted by means of a bistable actuator and allows a safe decoupling with a bistable actuator. The actuator can comprise an electro motor or a magnet element, e.g. an electromagnet element arrangement. Moreover, in a preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention allow a decoupling only in case a force or moment, which is present between the drive and take-off, falls below a predetermined value. Here, the coupling process can preferably be controlled in an almost forceless manner. Moreover, in the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention, forces applied by the coupling element to the coupling mechanism preferably cause a relief of the actuator, so that independent of the mechanical status between drive and take-off, a safe return of the actuator into the decoupled state becomes possible. Thus, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention cause a simple, functionally reliable and manipulation-resistant transmission of a movement as well as corresponding forces and moments by means of a coupling. A further or additional advantage of the present invention resides in an improved manageability and an improved rotational feeling, in particular because of the provision of a comparable lock force or a force counteracting the lock force in the decoupled as well as the coupled states.