Patent Publication Number: US-2022217437-A1

Title: Long duration error correction with fast channel change for atsc 3.0 real-time broadcast mobile application

Description:
FIELD 
     This application relates to technical advances necessarily rooted in computer technology and directed to digital television, and more particularly to Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 suite of standards is a set of over a dozen industry technical standards as indicated in ATSC A/300 for delivering the next generation of broadcast television. ATSC 3.0 supports delivery of a wide range of television services including, but not limited to, televised video, interactive services, non-real time delivery of data, and tailored advertising to a large number of receiving devices, from ultra-high-definition televisions to wireless telephones. ATSC 3.0 also orchestrates coordination between broadcast content (referred to as “over the air”) and related broadband delivered content and services (referred to as “over the top”). ATSC 3.0 is designed to be flexible so that as technology evolves, advances can be readily incorporated without requiring a complete overhaul of any related technical standard. Present principles are directed to such advances as divulged below. 
     SUMMARY 
     As understood herein, reception by a mobile receiver of ATSC 3.0 signals can be impaired by loss or attenuation of signal due to overpasses, tunnels, mountains, and tall buildings. Loss of signal could be many minutes long. Furthermore, while ATSC 3.0 provides error-correction as part of the modulation scheme to overcome many perceived impairments to the signal if the signal is lost for more than a second or two there can be a complete loss of image. 
     As further recognized herein, memory and processing power is becoming cheaper every day. Accordingly, present principles exploit an infrastructure that allows a receiving device, e.g., a mobile TV, to request packets from the broadcaster to replace missing or damaged packets in a large (10-15 minutes) buffer of the receiver. The replacement packets may be received from a back channel such as a cellular phone system such as 5G or 4G, or the back channel may be Wi-Fi when available. 
     To address channel change latency owing to use of a large buffer, multiple channels in the same multiplex as the currently tuned-to channel may be buffered for immediate tuning responsive to a channel change. Or multiple channels in a different multiplex (received through a secondary tuner) can be buffered. Multiple antennas may be employed to permit tuning to and buffering multiple different signals (instead of the same exact signal) to perform a rapid channel change function that is error-free. 
     Accordingly, a digital television (TV) system includes at least one mobile receiver that in turn includes at least one processor programmed with instructions to receive a first digital TV broadcast stream. The instructions are executable to store, in at least one buffer, at least one period of the first stream prior to presenting the first stream. Furthermore, the instructions are executable to identify at least one packet discrepancy in the first stream, and to request, from at least one back channel source, data to cure the packet discrepancy. The instructions are executable to receive the data from the back-channel source, insert the data into the buffer to cure the packet discrepancy, and play the first stream from the buffer. 
     In example embodiments the back-channel source includes at least one wireless telephony network and/or at least one Wi-Fi source. 
     In some embodiments the packet discrepancy includes a missing packet and/or a damaged packet. 
     In non-limiting examples the instructions may be executable to, simultaneously with buffering the first stream, buffer at least a second stream. The second stream may be received in a multiplex containing the first stream, or the first stream may be received at a first tuner of the mobile receiver and the second stream may be received at a second tuner of the mobile receiver. 
     In some examples the instructions can executable to receive a channel change command to present a new channel. In these examples the instructions can be executable to, responsive to the channel change command, determine whether packets associated with the new channel are in the buffer, and responsive to determining that packets associated with the new channel are in the buffer, immediately access the packets associated with the new channel from the buffer and present the new channel. The instructions may be executable to, responsive to determining that packets associated with the new channel are not in the buffer, begin to buffer, for a second period shorter than the first period, packets of the new channel. The instructions can be executable to present the new channel. 
     Further, in these last examples the instructions can be executable to determine whether to add the new channel to a set of streams to be buffered for the first period, and responsive to identifying that the new channel should be added to the set of streams to be buffered for the first period, add the new channel to the set. 
     In non-limiting embodiments the instructions are executable to identify at least one outage period associated with at least one route. The outage period can be a period during which broadcast digital TV is not receivable. The instructions may be executable to establish the first period based at least in part on the outage period. 
     In non-limiting embodiments the instructions may be executable to receive a command to stop presenting digital TV on the mobile receiver. Responsive to the command to stop presenting, the instructions can be executed to continue to buffer at least one digital TV stream in the buffer. The instructions may be executable to, responsive to a command to commence playing digital TV on the mobile receiver, identify whether packets associated with a stream to be played are in the buffer, and responsive to determining that packets associated with the stream to be played are not in the buffer, begin to buffer, for a second period shorter than the first period, packets of the stream to be played. The instructions can be further executable to play the stream to be played from the buffer, create a duplicate buffer of the stream to be played with a period longer than the second period, and selectively switch to playing packets in the duplicate buffer. 
     In another aspect, an assembly includes at least one mobile receiver of digital television, at least one digital television over-the-air (OTA) source of wireless digital TV signals receivable from the OTA source by the mobile receiver, and at least one back channel source of wireless digital TV replacement content receivable from the back-channel source by the mobile receiver. The back-channel source includes at least one wireless telephony network or at least one Wi-Fi source or both a wireless telephony network and a Wi-Fi source. 
     In another aspect, a method includes broadcasting digital TV signals to at least one mobile receiver and sending replacement packets for defective or lost packets in the digital TV signals to the mobile receiver from a cellular telephony network or a Wi-Fi source. 
     The details of the present application, both as to its structure and operation, can best be understood in reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts, and in which: 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 system; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing components of the devices shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an example assembly with a mobile receiver, OTA ATSC 3.0 source, and back channel source of corrected packets; 
         FIGS. 4 and 5  illustrate example logic in example flow chart format for buffering and error correction executed by the mobile receiver; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates example logic in example flow chart format for dynamically establishing buffer size based on expected outage areas along a route; and 
         FIG. 7  illustrates example logic in example flow chart format for cold start of the mobile receiver. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     This disclosure relates to technical advances in digital television such as in Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 television. An example system herein may include ATSC 3.0 source components and client components, connected via broadcast and/or over a network such that data may be exchanged between the client and ATSC 3.0 source components. The client components may include one or more computing devices including portable televisions (e.g., smart TVs, Internet-enabled TVs), portable computers such as laptops and tablet computers, and other mobile devices including smart phones and additional examples discussed below. These client devices may operate with a variety of operating environments. For example, some of the client computers may employ, as examples, operating systems from Microsoft, or a Unix operating system, or operating systems produced by Apple Computer or Google, such as Android®. These operating environments may be used to execute one or more browsing programs, such as a browser made by Microsoft or Google or Mozilla or other browser program that can access websites hosted by the Internet servers discussed below. 
     ATSC 3.0 source components may include broadcast transmission components and servers and/or gateways that may include one or more processors executing instructions that configure the source components to broadcast data and/or to transmit data over a network such as the Internet. A client component and/or a local ATSC 3.0 source component may be instantiated by a game console such as a Sony PlayStation®, a personal computer, etc. 
     Information may be exchanged over a network between the clients and servers. To this end and for security, servers and/or clients can include firewalls, load balancers, temporary storages, and proxies, and other network infrastructure for reliability and security. 
     As used herein, instructions refer to computer-implemented steps for processing information in the system. Instructions can be implemented in software, firmware or hardware and include any type of programmed step undertaken by components of the system. 
     A processor may be a general-purpose single- or multi-chip processor that can execute logic by means of various lines such as address lines, data lines, and control lines and registers and shift registers. 
     Software modules described by way of the flow charts and user interfaces herein can include various sub-routines, procedures, etc. Without limiting the disclosure, logic stated to be executed by a particular module can be redistributed to other software modules and/or combined together in a single module and/or made available in a shareable library. While flow chart format may be used, it is to be understood that software may be implemented as a state machine or other logical method. 
     Present principles described herein can be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, or combinations thereof; hence, illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are set forth in terms of their functionality. 
     Further to what has been alluded to above, logical blocks, modules, and circuits can be implemented or performed with a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A processor can be implemented by a controller or state machine or a combination of computing devices. 
     The functions and methods described below, when implemented in software, can be written in an appropriate language such as but not limited to hypertext markup language (HTML)-5, Java®/Javascript, C# or C++, and can be stored on or transmitted through a computer-readable storage medium such as a random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage such as digital versatile disc (DVD), magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices including removable thumb drives, etc. A connection may establish a computer-readable medium. Such connections can include, as examples, hard-wired cables including fiber optics and coaxial wires and digital subscriber line (DSL) and twisted pair wires. 
     Components included in one embodiment can be used in other embodiments in any appropriate combination. For example, any of the various components described herein and/or depicted in the Figures may be combined, interchanged, or excluded from other embodiments. 
     “A system having at least one of A, B, and C” (likewise “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” and “a system having at least one of A, B, C”) includes systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc. 
     Turning to  FIG. 1 , an example of an ATSC 3.0 source component is labeled “broadcaster equipment”  10  and may include over-the-air (OTA) equipment  12  for wirelessly broadcasting, typically via orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in a one-to-many relationship, television data to plural receivers  14  such as ATSC 3.0 televisions. One or more receivers  14  may communicate with one or more companion devices  16  such as remote controls, tablet computers, mobile telephones, and the like over a short range, typically wireless link  18  that may be implemented by Bluetooth®, low energy Bluetooth, other near field communication (NFC) protocol, infrared (IR), etc. 
     Also, one or more of the receivers  14  may communicate, via a wired and/or wireless network link  20  such as the Internet, with over-the-top (OTT) equipment  22  of the broadcaster equipment  10  typically in a one-to-one relationship. The OTA equipment  12  may be co-located with the OTT equipment  22  or the two sides  12 ,  22  of the broadcaster equipment  10  may be remote from each other and may communicate with each other through appropriate means. In any case, a receiver  14  may receive ATSC 3.0 television signals OTA over a tuned-to ATSC 3.0 television channel and may also receive related content, including television, OTT (broadband). Note that computerized devices described in all of the figures herein may include some or all of the components set forth for various devices in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , details of examples of components shown in  FIG. 1  may be seen.  FIG. 2  illustrates an example protocol stack that may be implemented by a combination of hardware and software. Using the ATSC 3.0 protocol stack shown in  FIG. 2  and modified as appropriate for the broadcaster side, broadcasters can send hybrid service delivery in which one or more program elements are delivered via a computer network (referred to herein as “broadband” and “over-the-top” (OTT)) as well as via a wireless broadcast (referred to herein as “broadcast” and “over-the-air” (OTA)).  FIG. 2  also illustrates an example stack with hardware that may be embodied by a receiver. 
     Disclosing  FIG. 2  in terms of broadcaster equipment  10 , one or more processors  200  accessing one or more computer storage media  202  such as any memories or storages described herein may be implemented to provide one or more software applications in a top-level application layer  204 . The application layer  204  can include one or more software applications written in, e.g., HTML5/Javascript running in a runtime environment. Without limitation, the applications in the application stack  204  may include linear TV applications, interactive service applications, companion screen applications, personalization applications, emergency alert applications, and usage reporting applications. The applications typically are embodied in software that represents the elements that the viewer experiences, including video coding, audio coding and the run-time environment. As an example, an application may be provided that enables a user to control dialog, use alternate audio tracks, control audio parameters such as normalization and dynamic range, and so on. 
     Below the application layer  204  is a presentation layer  206 . The presentation layer  206  includes, on the broadcast (OTA) side, broadcast audio-video playback devices referred to as Media Processing Units (MPU)  208  that, when implemented in a receiver, decode and playback, on one or more displays and speakers, wirelessly broadcast audio video content. The MPU  208  is configured to present International Organization for Standardization (ISO) base media file format (BMFF) data representations  210  and video in high efficiency video coding (HEVC) with audio in, e.g., Dolby audio compression (AC)-4 format. ISO BMFF is a general file structure for time-based media files broken into “segments” and presentation metadata. Each of the files is essentially a collection of nested objects each with a type and a length. To facilitate decryption, the MPU  208  may access a broadcast side encrypted media extension (EME)/common encryption (CENC) module  212 . 
       FIG. 2  further illustrates that on the broadcast side the presentation layer  206  may include signaling modules, including either motion pictures expert group (MPEG) media transport protocol (MMTP) signaling module  214  or real-time object delivery over unidirectional transport (ROUTE) signaling module  216  for delivering non-real time (NRT) content  218  that is accessible to the application layer  204 . NRT content may include but is not limited to stored replacement advertisements. Audio video (AV) streams are contained in ROUTE sessions. Layered coding transport (LCT) channels are setup within a ROUTE session. Each LCT channel carries either video or audio or captions or other data. 
     On the broadband (OTT or computer network) side, when implemented by a receiver the presentation layer  206  can include one or more dynamic adaptive streaming over hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) (DASH) player/decoders  220  for decoding and playing audio-video content from the Internet. To this end the DASH player  220  may access a broadband side EME/CENC module  222 . The DASH content may be provided as DASH segments  224  in ISO/BMFF format. 
     As was the case for the broadcast side, the broadband side of the presentation layer  206  may include NRT content in files  226  and may also include signaling objects  228  for providing play back signaling. 
     Below the presentation layer  206  in the protocol stack is a session layer  230 . The session layer  230  includes, on the broadcast side, either MMTP protocol  232  or ROUTE protocol  234 . 
     On the broadband side the session layer  230  includes HTTP protocol  236  which may be implemented as HTTP-secure (HTTP(S)). The broadcast side of the session layer  230  also may employ a HTTP proxy module  238  and a service list table (SLT)  240 . The SLT  240  includes a table of signaling information which is used to build a basic service listing and provide bootstrap discovery of the broadcast content. Media presentation descriptions (MPD) are included in the “ROUTE Signaling” tables delivered over user datagram protocol (UDP) by the ROUTE transport protocol. 
     A transport layer  242  is below the session layer  230  in the protocol stack for establishing low-latency and loss-tolerating connections. On the broadcast side the transport layer  242  uses user datagram protocol (UDP)  244  and on the broadband side transmission control protocol (TCP)  246 . 
     The example non-limiting protocol stack shown in  FIG. 2  also includes a network layer  248  below the transport layer  242 . The network layer  248  uses Internet protocol (IP) on both sides for IP packet communication, with multicast delivery being typical on the broadcast side and unicast being typical on the broadband side. 
     Below the network layer  248  is the physical layer  250  which includes broadcast transmission/receive equipment  252  and computer network interface(s)  254  for communicating on the respective physical media associated with the two sides. The physical layer  250  converts Internet Protocol (IP) packets to be suitable to be transported over the relevant medium and may add forward error correction functionality to enable error correction at the receiver as well as contain modulation and demodulation modules to incorporate modulation and demodulation functionalities. This converts bits into symbols for long distance transmission as well as to increase bandwidth efficiency. On the OTA side the physical layer  250  typically includes a wireless broadcast transmitter to broadcast data wirelessly using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) while on the OTT side the physical layer  250  includes computer transmission components to send data over the Internet. 
     A DASH Industry Forum (DASH-IF) profile formatted data sent through the various protocols (HTTP/TCP/IP) in the protocol stack may be used on the broadband side. Media files in the DASH-IF profile formatted data based on the ISO BMFF may be used as the delivery, media encapsulation and synchronization format for both broadcast and broadband delivery. 
     Each receiver  14  typically includes a protocol stack that is complementary to that of the broadcaster equipment. 
     A receiver  14  in  FIG. 1  may include, as shown in  FIG. 2 , an Internet-enabled TV with an ATSC 3.0 TV tuner (equivalently, set top box controlling a TV)  256 . The receiver  14  may be an Android®-based system. The receiver  14  alternatively may be implemented by a computerized Internet enabled (“smart”) telephone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a wearable computerized device, and so on. Regardless, it is to be understood that the receiver  14  and/or other computers described herein is configured to undertake present principles (e.g., communicate with other devices to undertake present principles, execute the logic described herein, and perform any other functions and/or operations described herein). 
     Accordingly, to undertake such principles the receiver  14  can be established by some or all of the components shown in  FIG. 1 . For example, the receiver  14  can include one or more displays  258  that may be implemented by a high definition or ultra-high definition “4K” or higher flat screen and that may or may not be touch-enabled for receiving user input signals via touches on the display. The receiver  14  may also include one or more speakers  260  for outputting audio in accordance with present principles, and at least one additional input device  262  such as, e.g., an audio receiver/microphone for, e.g., entering audible commands to the receiver  14  to control the receiver  14 . The example receiver  14  may further include one or more network interfaces  264  for communication over at least one network such as the Internet, a WAN, a LAN, a PAN etc. under control of one or more processors  266 . Thus, the interface  264  may be, without limitation, a Wi-Fi transceiver, which is an example of a wireless computer network interface, such as but not limited to a mesh network transceiver. The interface  264  may be, without limitation, a Bluetooth® transceiver, Zigbee® transceiver, Infrared Data Association (IrDA) transceiver, Wireless USB transceiver, wired USB, wired LAN, Powerline or Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA). It is to be understood that the processor  266  controls the receiver  14  to undertake present principles, including the other elements of the receiver  14  described herein such as, for instance, controlling the display  258  to present images thereon and receiving input therefrom. Furthermore, note the network interface  264  may be, e.g., a wired or wireless modem or router, or other appropriate interface such as, e.g., a wireless telephony transceiver, or Wi-Fi transceiver as mentioned above, etc. 
     In addition to the foregoing, the receiver  14  may also include one or more input ports  268  such as a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) port or a USB port to physically connect (using a wired connection) to another CE device and/or a headphone port to connect headphones to the receiver  14  for presentation of audio from the receiver  14  to a user through the headphones. For example, the input port  268  may be connected via wire or wirelessly to a cable or satellite source of audio video content. Thus, the source may be a separate or integrated set top box, or a satellite receiver. Or the source may be a game console or disk player. 
     The receiver  14  may further include one or more computer memories  270  such as disk-based or solid-state storage that are not transitory signals, in some cases embodied in the chassis of the receiver as standalone devices or as a personal video recording device (PVR) or video disk player either internal or external to the chassis of the receiver for playing back audio video (AV) programs or as removable memory media. Also, in some embodiments, the receiver  14  can include a position or location receiver  272  such as but not limited to a cellphone receiver, global positioning satellite (GPS) receiver, and/or altimeter that is configured to e.g., receive geographic position information from at least one satellite or cellphone tower and provide the information to the processor  266  and/or determine an altitude at which the receiver  14  is disposed in conjunction with the processor  266 . However, it is to be understood that that another suitable position receiver other than a cellphone receiver, GPS receiver and/or altimeter may be used in accordance with present principles to determine the location of the receiver  14  in e.g., all three dimensions. 
     Continuing the description of the receiver  14 , in some embodiments the receiver  14  may include one or more cameras  274  that may include one or more of a thermal imaging camera, a digital camera such as a webcam, and/or a camera integrated into the receiver  14  and controllable by the processor  266  to gather pictures/images and/or video in accordance with present principles. Also included on the receiver  14  may be a Bluetooth® transceiver  276  or other Near Field Communication (NFC) element for communication with other devices using Bluetooth® and/or NFC technology, respectively. An example NFC element can be a radio frequency identification (RFID) element. 
     Further still, the receiver  14  may include one or more auxiliary sensors  278  (such as a motion sensor such as an accelerometer, gyroscope, cyclometer, or a magnetic sensor and combinations thereof), an infrared (IR) sensor for receiving IR commands from a remote control, an optical sensor, a speed and/or cadence sensor, a gesture sensor (for sensing gesture commands) and so on providing input to the processor  266 . An IR sensor  280  may be provided to receive commands from a wireless remote control. A battery (not shown) may be provided for powering the receiver  14 . 
     The companion device  16  may incorporate some or all of the elements shown in relation to the receiver  14  described above. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates that a mobile ATSC 3.0 receiver  300  may include any of the receiver components described herein, and in the specific example shown includes one or more antennas  302  (two shown for example) receiving signals and providing the signals to one or more tuners  304  (two shown for example) that can process the signals to buffer packets carried in the signals in one or more content buffers  306 . The signals may be received wirelessly from an ATSC 3.0 broadcast (OTA) source  308 . The buffer  306  may be part of a digital video recorder (DVR)  310  of the mobile receiver  300  or of the vehicle in which the mobile receiver  300  is located. Buffered signals may be presented on a display  312  of the mobile receiver  300  under control of one or more processors  314 . 
     Additionally, the mobile receiver  300  may include one or more out-of-band transceivers  316  for wirelessly communicating with one or more back channel sources  318  of ATSC 3.0 packets. The back-channel source  318  may include, e.g., one or more wireless telephony networks such as but not limited one or more global system for mobiles (GSM) networks or code division multiple access (CDMA) networks. The back-channel source  318  may include, e.g., one or more Wi-Fi servers. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates logic that may be executed by the mobile receiver  300  shown in  FIG. 3 . Commencing at block  400 , a tuned-to digital TV is demodulated by a tuner  304  and packets of the stream are stored in the buffer  306  at block  402 . The buffer  306  is relatively large, e.g., it can hold several minutes (for instance, five minutes, or ten minutes, or twenty minutes of one or more streams, by way of non-limiting example). 
     Additionally, at block  404  the receiver  300  also demodulates one or more additional digital TV streams, buffering their packets in the buffer at block  406 . These streams may be received in the same multiplex from the same tuner  304  that the tuned-to stream is receiver from, or from another tuner  304  (which may receive wireless signals from a different antenna  302  than the tuned-to stream is received from). 
     To address error correction in mobile digital TV applications and to create a premium service, at block  408  the mobile receiver  300  requests of the back-channel source  318  any missing packets or packets with errors, recognizing that ATSC 3.0 uses IP packets, using the transceiver  316  shown in  FIG. 3 . At block  410 , replacement packets received from the back-channel source  318  are inserted into the locations in the buffer corresponding to missing or damaged packets. These steps may be executed for all streams in the buffer  306 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates that to address channel change latency owing to use of a large buffer  306 , at block  500  a channel change command is received to present a new channel in lieu of what had been the currently tuned-to channel. Moving to decision diamond  502 , it is determined whether the new stream packets corresponding to the new channel have been stored in the buffer. If so, packets of the new stream are immediately accessed from the buffer, decoded, and presented on the display  312  immediately with minimal perceptible latency. The content in this new stream buffer can also be assumed to be error corrected from  FIG. 4 . 
     On the other hand, if, at decision diamond  502 , it is determined that the new stream chosen at block  500  is not one which was anticipated by pre-storage in the buffer, the logic flows from diamond  502  to block  506  to buffer an initial, small amount of the new stream (for instance, two seconds) that is sufficient to begin play, and then play is commenced of the new stream at block  508  after this short buffer period. Error correction for the new stream is executed at block  510  according to the logic of  FIG. 4 . 
     Moving to decision diamond  512 , it is determined whether to add the new stream to the set of streams that are buffered long-term (e.g., for several minutes) in the future. For example, if the new stream has been tuned to a threshold number of times or for a threshold period, it may be added or may replace another stream in the set of buffered streams at block  514 . 
       FIG. 6  recognizes that some transportation routes might have known outages, such as a tunnel that typically takes fifteen minutes to traverse or other natural or man-made obstruction of digital TV broadcast signals. Accordingly, at block  600  a planned, current, or repeat route may be identified. This may be done by establishing a wireless connection between the mobile receiver  300  and a user&#39;s cell phone navigation application, for example, or by other means, identifying from the application common routes, planned routes, or current routes. Moving to block  602 , locations along the route(s) are identified at which digital TV broadcast may not be receivable, such as tunnels. This may be done by accessing an electronic route containing the route and indicating tunnels and the like. 
     Proceeding to block  604 , the tie to transit the location(s) identified at block  602  is identified. This may be done by using current speed as indicated by, e.g., global positioning satellite (GPS) or by accessing an electronic map of the route that indicates typical speed through the location(s) or by other means. Block  606  indicates that the length of streams buffered in the buffer  306  may be set according to the time(s) to transit, e.g., the buffer length may be set to be approximately equal to the longest transit time identified at block  604 . 
     Thus, the mobile receiver  300  can access mapping software (for example, executed in a vehicle and communicated to the mobile receiver via Bluetooth) that is aware of a destination and route and can calculate the longest outage, e.g., a particular tunnel that is a particular length and knowing the average rate travel (or real-time updates as to traffic speed)+some margin). The length of the buffer  306  may be dynamically established to be just that size. The particular route thus affects the buffer size chosen when starting off on a trip to minimize the buffer to just what is needed and also minimize the need to pre-cache a buffer while the receiver/player is “off”. In that scenario, the user might have to wait a several minutes for a buffer to fill before content is rendered. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates that when the mobile receiver  300  is turned off at block  700  in the sense that it is no longer in a presentation mode to present digital TV content, it can continue to receive content at block  702  in the buffer  306  for selected channels. When the receiver resumes presenting digital TV at block  704 , the buffer  306  is full and playback can occur right away at block  706 . Alternatively, upon “cold start” of the mobile receiver  300  to begin playing digital TV, a small buffer (of a few seconds for example) may be created at block  704  for the initial stream to begin play relatively quickly, while at the same time and in parallel a larger buffer for the stream may be created at block  708  that can be switched to in case of signal outage at block  710 . 
     The methods described herein may be implemented as software instructions executed by a processor, suitably configured application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) or field programmable gate array (FPGA) modules, or any other convenient manner as would be appreciated by those skilled in those art. Where employed, the software instructions may be embodied in a non-transitory device such as a CD ROM or Flash drive. The software code instructions may alternatively be embodied in a transitory arrangement such as a radio or optical signal, or via a download over the Internet. 
     It will be appreciated that whilst present principals have been described with reference to some example embodiments, these are not intended to be limiting, and that various alternative arrangements may be used to implement the subject matter claimed herein.