Patent Publication Number: US-9403596-B2

Title: Tray table with rotatable inner tray and adjustable retention assembly

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,888, filed Sep. 8, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/314,161, filed Dec. 7, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,826,830, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/546,969, filed Oct. 13, 2011. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to seatback tray tables and in particular to a tray table with a rotatable inner tray and adjustable retention assembly configured to hold tablet or other electronic devices of various sizes. 
     2. Related Art 
     Airplane tray tables have been largely unchanged for decades. In general, such tray tables move between a stowed upright position and a service position where a tray table is generally horizontal so that items may be supported by the tray table. In the service position, the tray table may be used to support food, drink, and other items for a passenger. 
     Attempts have been made to update traditional tray tables. For example, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0126739 discloses a portable collapsible tray table apparatus configured to provide an elevated platform upon which a user&#39;s electronic device may be supported. For instance, the tray table apparatus may support the user&#39;s laptop at an elevated position. The elevated platform may also include a removable panel that can be removed to reveal an electronic device holder for holding a user&#39;s electronic device. 
     As another example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,500,716 discloses a multi-function tray table having a slidable portion and an internal stationary portion. The slidable portion extends towards a passenger during use while the stationary portion does not. The stationary portion and the sliding portion are required parts of an elaborate mechanism configured to ensure that an entertainment device of the tray table is viewable when the tray table is stowed. 
     From the discussion that follows, it will become apparent that the present invention addresses the deficiencies associated with the prior art while providing numerous additional advantages and benefits not contemplated or possible with prior art constructions. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A tray table that facilitates consumption of in-flight entertainment (IFE) or other media while being lightweight and easy to maintain is provided herein. The tray table is advantageous in that it is capable of securing electronic devices during use in commercial air travel and other vehicular travel. An electronic device may communicate with one or more onboard servers wirelessly or via one or more wired communication links. 
     The tray table may have various embodiments. For example, in one embodiment the tray table may be a tray table for a passenger seat comprising a body, an inner tray comprising one or more channels configured to receive a electronic device to secure the electronic device to the inner tray, and an open portion in the body configured to accept the inner tray, wherein the inner tray is rotatably mounted in the open portion and connected to the body via one or more rotating mounts. 
     A stop is configured to hold the electronic device in at least one of the channels. The inner tray may have a guide to which the stop is movably mounted, and one or more mounts are provided to secure the body to the passenger seat. 
     A biasing mechanism may be included to pull the stop in a predefined direction. Alternatively or in addition, a locking mechanism may be included to hold the stop in position when engaged. The open portion may be covered at a top side of the body to provide a continuous top surface upon which a passenger may place one or more items. 
     A sensor may be provided to detect the presence or absence of the electronic device at the inner tray. In addition, a port may be within at least one of the channels and configured to connect to the electronic device when the electronic device is received in the channels. The port may be configured to provide power, data, or both to the electronic device. 
     In another exemplary embodiment, the tray table may comprise a body having a top side and a bottom side, an inner tray comprising one or more channels configured to receive one or more first portions of a electronic device to secure the electronic device to the inner tray, and an open portion in the body configured to receive the inner tray. One or more rotating mounts are configured to rotatable mount the inner tray within the open portion. This permits the inner tray to be rotatable between an open position and a closed position via the rotating mounts. 
     A movable stop is movably mounted to the inner tray to help secure the electronic device to the inner tray. The movable stop may include a channel configured to receive a second portion of the electronic device. One or more mounts are provided to secure the body to the passenger seat. 
     A biasing mechanism may be connected to the stop and configured to pull the stop in a predefined direction. Alternatively or in addition, a locking mechanism may be provided to hold the stop in position when engaged. The open portion may be covered at the top side of the body. 
     The mounts movably secure the body to the passenger seat such that the body is movable between a stowed position and a service position relative to the passenger seat. A sensor may be provided to detect the presence or absence of the electronic device at the inner tray. A port may be within at least one of the channels and configured to connect to the electronic device when the electronic device is received in the channels. 
     Various methods are disclosed herein as well. For example, a method for securing a electronic device at a passenger seat with a tray table may comprise providing a tray table having an open portion and a rotatable inner tray mounted therein via one or more rotating mounts, and providing one or more channels at the rotatable inner tray, with the channels configured to receive at least a first portion of a electronic device. The electronic device is secured to the inner tray by the channels when at least the first portion is received in the channels. 
     This method also includes providing a movable stop movably mounted to the rotatable inner tray, and providing one or more mounts at the tray table to secure the tray table to the passenger seat. The stop may be formed into a channel configured to receive at least a second portion of the electronic device. 
     A biasing mechanism may be provided to pull the movable stop in a predefined direction. Alternatively or in addition, a locking mechanism may be provided to hold the movable stop in a position when engaged. The method may also include enclosing the open portion at a top side of the tray table to form a continuous top surface at the top side of the tray table. 
     Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the invention will be or will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the figures, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views. 
         FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of an exemplary tray table in a stowed position; 
         FIG. 1B  is a perspective view of an exemplary tray table in a service position with inter-tray in a closed position; 
         FIG. 1C  is a perspective view of an exemplary tray table in an open service position; 
         FIG. 1D  is a perspective view of an exemplary tray table in a service position; 
         FIG. 1E  is a perspective view showing removal of an electronic device from an exemplary tray table; 
         FIG. 2A  is a perspective view of an exemplary tray table and inner tray; 
         FIG. 2B  is a perspective view of an exemplary tray table and inner tray; 
         FIG. 2C  is a perspective view of an exemplary tray table and external connection ports; 
         FIG. 2D  is a bottom perspective view of an exemplary tray table showing weep holes; 
         FIG. 2E  is a perspective view of an exemplary tray table and inner tray; 
         FIG. 3A  is a perspective view of a battery of an exemplary tray table; 
         FIG. 3B  is a perspective view of a battery of an exemplary tray table in an extending position; 
         FIG. 3C  is a perspective interior layout view an exemplary tray table; 
         FIG. 3D  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary tray table; 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary in-flight entertainment system; 
         FIG. 5A  is a perspective view of an exemplary headrest mounted electronic display; 
         FIG. 5B  is a perspective view of an exemplary headrest mounted electronic display in a pivoted position; 
         FIG. 5C  is a perspective view of an exemplary headrest mounted inner tray; 
         FIG. 6A  is a front perspective view of an exemplary inner tray of a tray table; 
         FIG. 6B  is a back perspective view of an exemplary inner tray of a tray table; 
         FIG. 6C  is a front perspective view of an exemplary inner tray of a tray table; 
         FIG. 7A  is a front perspective view of an exemplary inner tray of a tray table; 
         FIG. 7B  is a front perspective view of an exemplary inner tray of a tray table; 
         FIG. 7C  is a back perspective view of an exemplary inner tray of a tray table; and 
         FIG. 7D  is a side cross sectional view of an exemplary tray table and inner tray. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough description of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the invention. 
     The tray table herein enhances the utility of a tray table by providing IFE capabilities, while lowering weight and maintenance costs which will reduce fuel costs and carbon emissions. Though described herein with reference in an airplane environment, it is noted that the tray table may be used in various vehicles, such as busses, cars, limousines, trains, and other vehicles. In addition, the tray table may be used in other settings such as waiting rooms, Internet kiosks, and the like. 
     As will be described further below, the tray table also saves in fuel costs because of the weight savings achieved by its open and lightweight structure. In addition, the electronic components of the tray table are easily serviceable and have the significant advantage in that they do not require any additional wiring. This is highly advantageous in that it avoids the weight of such wiring; the cost of the installation of such wiring, downtime to install the wiring, as well as certification of an aircraft after such wiring has been installed. 
     The tray table includes electronic elements for IFE. This is an advantage in that it eliminates the need to have inflight magazines, brochures, safety manuals and the like on board. This saves weight and thus saves fuel. In addition, maintenance crews no longer need to spend time replacing old or worn inflight materials ordinarily stored in seat pockets or overhead bins (or elsewhere on an aircraft). On top of this, the printing and distribution costs for such materials are eliminated. 
     The electronic elements of the tray table also create a more enjoyable passenger experience. As will be described further below, the tray table may be interactive and may be used to present various media, including music, games, and videos, and other digital content to keep passengers entertained. In addition, passengers may use the tray table to communicate with flight crews or others via text, audio, video, and the like. Typically, this interactivity, communication, and media capability will be provided via an electronic device with one or more display screens that may be provided with and/or coupled or docked to the tray table. 
     The tray table will now be described with regard to  FIGS. 1A-1E .  FIGS. 1A-1E  provide various views of the tray table  104 . As can be seen, the environment of use shown is an aircraft passenger seat  128 , though the tray table  104  may be used in a variety of vehicles and seats. The tray table  104  may have a stowed position, such as shown in  FIG. 1A , and a service position, such as shown in  FIGS. 1B-1C . As can be seen, in the service position, the tray table  104  may be deployed for use as a horizontal support surface (for food, drink, etc.), while allowing its electronic device  108  to be used if desired. It is noted that the electronic device  108  may also be used in the stowed position. For example, a user may view advertisements and interact with the electronic device  108  in the stowed position (as well as in the service position) via a display  136  of the electronic device. As will be described further below, the electronic device  108  may be held in or dock with an inner tray  124  of the tray table  104 , which may power or charge an electronic device  108  through an external port via a battery charger cable. 
     The tray table  104  will typically be constructed of a suitable material now known or later developed. It is contemplated that various light weight materials may be used, such as to save fuel. For example, the tray table  104 , or its body  120  or other portions thereof, may be formed from carbon fiber, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, nylon, aluminum or various subsets/combinations thereof. 
     The tray table  104  may be movably attached to a passenger seat  128 . In the embodiments shown for example, the tray table  104  is attached to the passenger seat  128  with pivoting arms  116  that allow the tray table to be moved between the stowed and service positions. The tray table  104  may be movably attached to a passenger seat  128  (or other seat or structure) in this and other ways, such as with hinges, pivots, and the like. 
     As can be seen, in the stowed position (shown by  FIG. 1A ), the electronic device  108  is positioned such that its display  136  is visible to a passenger through an opening  112  of the tray table  104 . In this manner, the passenger can view various media even when the tray table  104  is stowed. For example, one or more advertisements may be presented to the passenger in the stowed position. These advertisements may be presented during boarding, taxiing, takeoff, landing, and cruising altitude for example. Other media or IFE services/materials may be provided as well, such as books, magazines, music, and video. For example, after the aircraft has reached a particular altitude (such as a cruising altitude), this media may be accessible to the passenger. Advertising may still be provided if desired. 
     In the service position (shown by  FIG. 1B ), the tray table  104  may be used in a manner similar to a traditional tray table. As can be seen, the back of the inner tray  124  may provide a planar surface that spans the opening  112  in the tray table  104 . In this manner, a continuous surface can be provided to support food, drink, or other items. As will be described further below, the inner tray may rotate to conceal and reveal the electronic device  108  it holds. 
     The opening  112  in the tray table  104  is beneficial in that it results in a weight savings since there is no material at that portion of the tray table  104 . In addition, the inner tray  124  does not utilize complex and heavy components to accomplish its rotation or movement, as will be described further below. This also helps ensure that the tray table  104  has a low overall weight despite having a wide range of media and interactive capabilities. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1C , operation of the inner tray  124  can be seen. As shown for instance, the inner tray  124  may rotate within the opening  112  of the tray table  104 . In  FIG. 1C  for instance, the inner tray  124  has been tilted back (towards the passenger seat  128 ) to reveal the electronic device  108  held by the inner tray. This is an open position of the inner tray  124 . As can be seen, the display  136  of the electronic device  108  is held at a comfortable viewing position for the passenger in the open position. 
     The inner tray  124  may be rotatably mounted to the body  120  of the tray table  104 . In this manner, the inner tray  124  can be moved from a closed position (such as shown in  FIG. 1B ) to an open position and vice versa. In some embodiments, the pivot or rotating mount may allow the inner tray  124  to rotate a full 360 degrees. For example positioning the rotating mount at a midpoint of the inner tray  124  would permit the inner tray to rotate 360 degrees within the opening. 
     In other embodiments, a reduced angle of rotation may be provided. One or more stops may be provided to fix the inner tray  124  at an open or closed position or at various other angles. For example, the inner tray  124  may rotate from a closed position (at 0 degrees), to an open position less than 180 degrees. In another example embodiment, the inner tray may rotate to a maximum of 130 or 140 degrees. The stops may physically hold or block rotation of the inner tray at the maximum angle or at various angles in between. This allows a passenger to position the inner tray  124  (and the electronic device  108  held therein) at a desired viewing angle. The stops may be disengaged to move the inner tray  124  to other positions. It is noted that the rotating mount holding the inner tray  124  may utilize a friction hold to hold the inner tray  124  at whatever angle the passenger moves the inner tray to. 
     In some embodiments, the rotation of the inner tray  124  may be stopped by physical contact with a portion of the tray table  104 . For instance, as shown in  FIG. 1C , the back of the inner tray  124  is in contact with a back section of the tray table  104  thereby stopping the inner tray&#39;s backward rotation and holding the inner tray (and electronic device  108 ) in that open position. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1D , it can be seen that the inner tray  124  may allow the electronic device  108  to be removed so that a passenger may hold the electronic device in his or her hands during use. This is advantageous in that it causes the electronic device  108  to not be a permanent fixture of the aircraft, while increasing the convenience to passengers. It is noted that the tray table  104  may be configured to inductively or otherwise wirelessly charge the electronic device  108  in some embodiments. Therefore, the electronic device  108  may be charged or powered by placing it on or near the tray table  104 , or in the inner tray  124 . 
     The electronic device  108  may be installed or removed in various ways as will be described below. For instance,  FIG. 1E  illustrates that the electronic device  108  may be installed or removed by sliding it into or out of the inner tray  124 . 
     It is contemplated that the electronic device  108  and/or tray table  104  may have an alerting mechanism (such as one or more speakers, lights, or the like) to indicate unauthorized use of the electronic device. For example, one or more lights, alarms, sirens or other audiovisual alerts may be emitted during unauthorized use. To illustrate, an alert may be emitted when the electronic device  108  is not in the inner tray  124  during takeoff or landing or at other times when the flight crew restricts use of the electronic device outside the inner tray. This also prevents theft in that an alert will be emitted if the electronic device  108  is not within the inner tray  124  during landing. It is noted that the flight crew may be alerted as well, such as via a pager, tablet, or other electronic device possessed by members of the flight crew. 
     The flight crew may activate or deactivate the alarm mechanism, or the alarm mechanism may automatically activate or deactivate such as when the aircraft is at or within a particular altitude or range of altitudes. A tray table  104  may have its own altimeter for these purposes or may receive altitude from an aircraft altimeter either through a wired or wireless connection. As an additional theft or unauthorized use preventer, the electronic device  108  may also or alternatively be labeled with a warning label cited consequences and/or rules and regulations governing the tampering with or theft of aircraft fixtures. 
     The inner tray  124  may have one or more switches, contacts, sensors, or the like to determine whether the electronic device  108  is within the inner tray. In addition, the tray table  104  may have a lock in some embodiments to prevent it from being moved from the stowed position to the service position. This feature may also be used to prevent theft of the electronic device  108 . 
     Further details regarding the tray table  104  will now be described with regard to  FIGS. 2A-2C . As can be seen, the tray table  104  may comprise a body  120  having an opening  112  where the inner tray  124  is rotatably mounted. The opening  112  may have one or more mounting structures to hold the inner tray  124 . For example, one or more mounts may be at the side walls or sides of the opening. The mounts may engage the inner tray  124  to rotatably secure the inner tray. The mounts may be various structures. For example, the mounts may be pins, axles, pivots, hinges or the like. In one or more embodiments, a mount may be located at both sides of the opening  112  to provide the rotation of the inner tray  124  as shown in the figures. 
     The opening  112  may be at various locations of the body  120 . For instance, as shown in  FIG. 2A  the opening  112  is centrally located. This centers the inner tray  124  and electronic device. It is contemplated that the opening  112  could be at the sides or closer to the sides of the body  120  in some embodiments. 
     One or more mounts  220  may be attached to the body  120 . This allows the body  120  and thus the entire tray table  104  to be attached to a passenger seat  128 . For example, referring to  FIG. 1B , it can be seen that the mounts  220  may connect one or more supports  116  to the tray table  104  to secure the tray table. The mounts  220  may be configured to allow the body  120  to rotate. Similar mounts or pivots, axles, pins or the like may be used to rotatably mount the inner tray  124  to the tray table  104 . 
     As stated, the inner tray  124  is generally configured to support or hold the electronic device  108 . This may be accomplished in various ways. For instance, as shown in  FIG. 2A , the inner tray  124  may comprise one or more channels  204  that accept a portion of the electronic device  108 . In  FIG. 2A , it can be seen that the channels  204  accept an outer peripheral portion of the electronic device  108  to hold the electronic device. The channels  204  may have a “U” shaped cross section to accept a peripheral portion of the electronic device  108 , such as shown. Channels  204  may be located at the sides as well as the bottom of the inner tray  124  (as shown in  FIG. 2A ). 
     In some embodiments, channels  204  may only be at the sides of the inner tray  124 . The channels  204  may extend around the electronic device  108  to various extents. For example, as seen in  FIG. 2E , the channels  204  extend a further distance along the length of the left and right sides of the electronic device  108 . 
     The channels  204  may be configured to allow the electronic device  108  to be removable. For example, the channels  204  have an open portion  224  where the electronic device  108  may be inserted into (as well as removed from) the channels  204 . In this manner the electronic device  108  may be removed by pulling it out of the channels  204  and may be inserted by sliding or moving the electronic device into the channels at the open portion  224  of the channels. 
     It is noted that the channels  204  or a portion thereof may be curved or angled along their length such as to better secure the electronic device  108  therein. Alternatively or in addition, the channels  204  may provide a snug fit relative to the peripheral portion of the electronic device  108  that is inserted into the channels. In this manner the electronic device  108  can still be removed but is less likely to accidentally come out or fall out of the inner tray  124 . In addition, since fasteners are not required (but may be used if desired), the inner tray  124  has a reduced weight while removably securing the electronic device  108 . 
     In some embodiments, channels  204  may have one or more openings  236  (e.g., weep holes) therein. In the event a liquid is spilled, the openings will allow such liquid to escape the channels  204  to prevent the channels from “flooding”. The channels  204  can then dry and/or be cleaned. Exemplary openings  236  are illustrated in  FIGS. 2B and 2D . 
     It is noted that the electronic device  108  may be removably secured to the inner tray  124  in various ways. For example, the electronic device  108  and inner tray  124  may comprise coupling or mating fasteners, which releasably hold the electronic device to the inner tray. Alternatively or in addition, the electronic device  108  may be removably secured to the inner tray  124  by a friction fit or magnets. 
     The inner tray  124  may also have a back panel  228 . As described above with regard to  FIG. 1B , the back panel  228  or section of the inner tray  124  may form a planar surface that spans the opening  112  of the tray table  104  to provide a continuous support service when the tray table is in the service position (and the inner tray is in a closed position). 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates top angled view of the tray table  104 , with the electronic device  108  removed. The concave shape (e.g., “U” shaped cross section) of the channels  204  that accepts the electronic device  108  can be seen in this view. 
     Also it can be seen from  FIG. 2B  that the inner tray  124  may have one or more interfaces or ports  208  that provides an electrical or other connection to the electronic device  108 . As will be described further below, this is advantageous in that data and/or power may be transferred to/from the electronic device  108  via this port  208 . Thus the flight crew or airline need not worry about charging the electronic device  108  directly, since the electronic device can be charged by the tray table  104  itself. It is noted that a connection with the port  208  may be used to determine if the electronic device  108  is within the inner tray  124  for theft or unauthorized use detection as described above. 
     The port  208  may be positioned such that it automatically connects with the electronic device  108  when the electronic device is stored in the inner tray  124 . As shown for example, the port  208  is located at a bottom portion of the inner tray  124  where it can automatically connect to a corresponding connector of the electronic device when the electronic device is inserted. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2C , the tray table  104  may also provide one or more other ports or connectors  212 , 216 . For example, audio, USB, power, data, and other connections could be provided via these connectors  212 , 216 . Typically, these connectors  212 , 216  will be configured to allow passenger devices, such as laptops, smart phones, tables, headphones, and the like to be connected. For instance, as shown in  FIG. 2C , an audio jack  216  and USB port  212  are provided at the side of the tray table&#39;s body  120  where they are accessible to a passenger even when the inner tray  124  is closed. It is noted that audio media and data could be accessed/shared from the electronic device  108  via these connectors  212 , 216  when the inner tray  124  is both closed and opened. 
     It is noted that the inner tray  124  may be held in a closed position by a latch  244  in some embodiments. The latch  244  may utilize a mechanical structure to hold the inner tray  124  closed. When actuated or otherwise manipulated the latch  244  may release the inner tray  124  allowing it to rotate to an open position. In some embodiments, the latch  244  may utilize a friction fit or magnets, which hold the inner tray  124 , closed which can be overcome by the user to rotate the inner tray to an open position. 
     The inner tray  124  may also protect the electronic device  108  in some embodiments. For instance, as shown in  FIG. 2E  (which shows the electronic device  108  partially removed from the inner tray  124 ), the inner tray  124  may provide a cover  240  to enclose and/or protect the electronic device  108 . The cover  240  may be transparent to allow the screen  136  of the electronic display  108  to remain visible. The cover  240  may be a rugged and/or resilient material to resist shattering or breaking. Should the screen  136  shatter or break, the cover  240  will contain the screen within the inner tray  124 . In addition, the cover  240  may prevent damage to the screen  136  caused by physical impacts. It is contemplated that the electronic device  108  may be positioned adjacent the cover  240  such that touch screen input is operational through the cover. 
     In addition to the weight savings described above, the tray table  104  saves a great deal of additional weight by eliminating the need for wiring. In traditional IFE systems, an aircraft must either be built with wiring to support (e.g., power) the IFE system at each seat or must be retrofitted with such wiring. This wiring adds significant weight to the aircraft and requires inspection and certification. In the case of a retrofit, adding wiring is an extremely complex operation and requires an aircraft to be removed from service for a substantial amount of time. 
     In contrast, the tray table  104  has its own power source in the form of an internal removable battery, as shown in  FIGS. 3A-3C . This battery  304  provides power to the electronic device to power and/or recharge the electronic device. Since the battery  304  is part of the tray table  104 , there is no need to rewire or wire an aircraft to support the tray table. It is contemplated however that, if desired, the tray table  104  may be connected to aircraft power systems to receive power to its electronic device  108  though this would eliminate some of the weight savings provided by the tray table. 
     It is also contemplated that the electronic device  108  may be charged in various other ways via the tray table  104 . For example, the tray table  104  may charge an electronic device  108  via induction in one or more embodiments. Alternatively or in addition, the tray table  104  (or the electronic device  108 ) may have one or more solar panels for charging purposes or to power the electronic device. Other power sources may be used as well. For example, devices that generate electricity from temperature differences (e.g., thermoelectric generators) or vibration (e g, kinetic energy electrical generators) may be used in addition to or instead of a battery  304 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3A-3B , it can be seen that the battery  304  may have one or more power level indicators  308 , such as lights, LCD displays, and the like. These indicators  308  inform flight or maintenance crews of how much power is remaining in the battery  304 . When low, the battery  304  can be easily removed for recharging and/or replacement. For example, as  FIG. 3B  shows, the battery  304  can be ejected or otherwise removed from the tray table  104  quite easily. 
     This is advantageous in that flight crews can readily view the power level of the battery  304  and change batteries as necessary. For example, during cleaning after an aircraft has landed, any low batteries  304  may be quickly and easily identified and replaced. It is contemplated that the removed batteries  304  may be placed in a charger and recharged for subsequent usage. A charger having multiple slots or receptacles to accept multiple batteries may be used to accomplish recharging. In addition, such charger may be handheld or portable to function as a carrier. In this manner, low batteries  304  can be removed from each seat and placed into the charger. The charger can then be moved to a charging area on (or off) the aircraft to charge the low batteries in bulk. 
     Typically, a battery  304  will be locked into the tray table  104  to prevent passengers from removing the battery. Thus, in one or more embodiments, a release mechanism  312  may be provided to prevent unauthorized removable while allowing authorized removable of batteries  304  to be quick and easy. The release mechanism  312  may accept one or more keys or other unlocking devices/tools to operate. The battery locking mechanism may be configured to automatically lock a battery in the body  120  of the tray table  104  to speed the battery replacement process. 
       FIG. 3C  provides an internal view of the tray table  104 . As can be seen, the top half of the tray table  104  has not been illustrated to show an exemplary internal layout. As can be seen, a compartment  316  may be formed in the body  120  of the tray table  104  to accept the battery  304 . This compartment  316  may be externally accessible (e.g., open to the outside) so that the battery  304  can be removed. One or more leads or conductors  320  may provide a conduit for power to travel from the battery  304  to the electronic device. As can be seen, a rotating mount  324 , pivot, or hinge of the inner tray  124  may allow the conductors  320  to electrically connect to the electronic device, such as via a port of the inner tray (while securing the inner tray  124  to the tray table  104 ). 
     In some embodiments, the battery compartment  316  may be in or attached to the inner tray  124 . In such embodiments, the battery  304  may be removable as described above. One or more conductors  320  may connect the battery  304  to the electronic device. In such case, since the battery  304  is supported by the inner tray  124 , the conductors  320  need not bend or twist when the inner tray is rotated. 
     It is contemplated that a switch may be provided in one or more embodiments to automatically connect or disconnect the battery  304  from the electronic device. For instance, when the inner tray  124  is in a closed position (such as in  FIG. 1B ), the switch may disconnect the battery  304  to prevent battery drain. When the inner tray  124  is in an open position (such as in  FIG. 1C ) the switch may reconnect the battery  304  to the electronic device. The switch may be a mechanical device that connects and disconnects the battery  304  when the inner tray  124  is moved from a closed position to an open position. Alternatively one or more sensors may determine the position of the inner tray  124  and connect/disconnect the battery  304  appropriately. 
       FIG. 3D  is a block diagram illustrating the components of an exemplary tray table  104 . In general, these components will be held within the body  120  of the tray table. As can be seen, in one or more embodiments, the tray table  104  may comprise a controller  328 , which may be configured to control operation of the tray table  104  and its various components to provide the functionality disclosed herein. For example, among other things, the controller  328  may be configured to charge an electronic device  108  via a port  208 , detect power levels of the tray table&#39;s battery  304 , indicate the power level of the battery via an indicator  308 , and/or detect the presence or absence of the electronic device within the inner tray via a sensor  340 . 
     The controller  328  may be a microprocessor, integrated circuit, or other circuit. The controller  328  may be hard wired to provide the functionality disclosed herein and/or may execute machine-readable code to provide the same. In some embodiments, this machine-readable code may be stored on a memory of the controller itself or a separate memory device  332 . The memory device  332  may be used to store other information as well, such as configuration settings, various media (such as for IFE or safety presentation purposes), and the like. The memory device  332  may be optional and thus not provided in all embodiments. 
     As can be seen, the tray table  104  may also include one or more accessory devices  336 . For example, a credit card reader, RFID reader, Bluetooth™ transceiver, and/or currency acceptor could be provided such as to allow passengers to make payments for IFE services at the tray table  104 . In one embodiment for example, a passenger could swipe a credit card, insert coins, bills or other currency, or pay wirelessly via a RFID or Bluetooth enabled device. It is noted that the Bluetooth transceiver may also or alternatively be used to share data with other devices, such as wireless headsets, smart phones, laptops or the like. 
       FIG. 3D  also illustrates a connection between a tray table  104  and the aircraft. This connection is optional and thus is not provided in all embodiments. When provided, such connection may provide electrical power and/or data to the tray table  104  either by a wired or wireless connection. If wireless power is desired, such power may be provided by induction chargers  344  located at each passenger seat. For example, when the tray table  104  is in close proximity to the passenger seat, such as when stowed, the tray table&#39;s battery may be charged by an induction charger  344 . Power and/or data from the aircraft can be shared with the electronic device  108  via the tray table&#39;s port  208 . 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary in-flight entertainment system having tray tables. As can be seen, a server  404  may be provided to supply media and other data to the tray tables  104 . The server  404  and electronic devices  108  of the tray tables  104  may communicate data via one or more communication links that will typically be wireless. Books, magazines, advertisements, video, photos, audio, web pages, and other data may be provided by the server  404  in this manner. 
     In addition, input from passengers collected by the electronic devices  108  may be transmitted to the server  404  as well. This permits interactivity with the server  404 . For instance, passengers may order media, such as movies, songs, news or other articles from the server  404  by providing input at the electronic device  108  at their seats. Since the server  404  may be onboard the aircraft, media distribution is efficient because the electronic devices  108  do not need to communicate with a ground based server. It is contemplated that passengers may also or alternatively communicate with flight crews via the electronic devices  108  and/or server  404 . The flight crew may have their own electronic device to receive and respond to such communication. For example, text messages, audio, or video could be communicated between passengers and the flight crew via the electronic devices  108  such as to order food or request assistance. This is beneficial because the flight crew need not move up and down the aircraft aisles to communicate with passengers. 
     In one or more embodiments, the electronic devices  108  may be portable computing devices. An electronic device  108  may have a display  136  such as described above to present information or media visually to a passenger. The display  136  may be an LCD, electronic paper, OLED, or other display technology capable of presenting various still images or video. The display  136  may have a touch sensor to detect user input at the display. In addition or alternatively one or more other inputs such as buttons, switches, knobs, and the like may be provided to capture user input. The electronic device  108  may also have audio inputs and/or outputs to provide a multimedia experience. As stated above, a passenger may utilize headphones to enjoy such an experience 
     It is contemplated that the display  136  may have a one or more protective coverings, such as to prevent it or a portion of it from shattering upon impact. For example, the screen of the display  136  may have a protective film to contain any shards or pieces of the display should it be damaged. The electronic device  108  may also have one or more communication devices, such as wired or wireless network interfaces. A communication device may be used to communicate media or other data with external devices, such as other electronic devices  108 , passenger devices (e.g., smart phones, PDAs, laptops, tablets), the IFE server  404 , etc. . . . A communication device may also be a data port, such as a USB port or the like for communicating data with flash drives, human interface devices, and other peripherals. 
     The electronic device  108  may comprise one or more processors and have its own storage device. The processor may execute instructions such as in the form of machine-readable code to provide the media playback and interactive functions of the electronic device described herein. For example, the processor may run an operating system that allows various applications to execute thereon to provide IFE functionality. The machine-readable code or instructions may be retrievably stored on the storage device and/or hardwired into the processor itself. 
     In one or more embodiments, the electronic device  108  may have particular restrictions programmed therein. For example, certain features may be enabled or disabled at certain times. To illustrate, during boarding, taxiing, takeoff and/or landing only advertising may be displayed by the electronic device  108 . Once at a predefined altitude (e.g., 10,000 ft), full functionality of the electronic device  108  may be restored. The enabling or disabling of features may be triggered by an external occurrence. For example, the server  404  (controlled by the flight crew) may instruct an electronic device  108  to enable or disable certain features or to disable itself completely. This allows the flight crew to override passenger input at the electronic devices, such as to present safety presentations and/or advertising. 
     The tray table or features thereof may be implemented in various ways. For instance,  FIGS. 5A-5C  illustrate an embodiment having an electronic device  108  at a headrest portion of the passenger seat  128 . The inner tray  124  in this embodiment is configured to accept the electronic device  108  and hold the electronic device at the headrest portion of the passenger seat  128 . A release  504  may be provided to eject or otherwise release the electronic device  108  from the inner tray  124 . The release  504  may be a click-release mechanism to allow passengers to remove the electronic device  108 . It is noted that the release  504  may be automatically disabled at certain times, such as during takeoff and landing to prevent unauthorized use or theft. 
     As can be seen from  FIG. 5B , the inner tray  124  may allow the electronic device  108  to pivot to provide a better viewing angle for a passenger. In addition, as shown in  FIG. 5C , the inner tray  124  may allow the electronic device  108  to be completely removed for handheld use. 
     The features described above with regard to the tray table may be provided in a headrest-mounted embodiment. For example, the inner tray  124  or the passenger seat  128  itself may house one or more removable batteries to provide power to the electronic device  108 . In addition or alternatively, the passenger seat  128  may be wired to the aircraft power system to provide power to the electronic device  108 . 
     In addition, one or more sensors, switches, ports, or the like may be used to detect the presence or absence of the electronic device  108  within the inner tray, such as described above. If the electronic device  108  is not within the docking station  124  at particular times, an alert may be generated. As stated above, this feature is useful in preventing theft and unauthorized use. 
     It is contemplated that in some embodiments the electronic device  108  need not be stored in an inner tray  124 . For instance, the electronic device  108  could be stored in a seat pocket of the passenger seat  128  similar to a magazine or safety pamphlet. In such embodiments, one or more sensors, switches, ports, or the like may be used to determine the presence or absence of the electronic device  108  within the seat pocket to prevent theft or unauthorized use. It is noted that the inner tray  124  could be provided within the seat pocket or replace the seat pocket in some embodiments. 
     Alternatively or in addition, a charging cable may be provided so that the electronic device  108  may be connected to a battery  304  of the inner tray  124  or at the passenger seat  128 . The charging cable could also be used to transfer power from the aircraft&#39;s wiring to the electronic device  108  such as in embodiments where power is wired to the passenger seats  128 . Once connected to the charging cable, the electronic device  108  may be stored in a seat pocket or inner tray. 
       FIGS. 6A-6B  illustrate an embodiment of the tray table  104  having an adjustable retention assembly  624  configured to secure an electronic device in one or more channels  224  of the inner tray  124  until released. In addition, the adjustable retention assembly  624  may be adjusted to secure electronic devices of various sizes. For example, the adjustable retention assembly  624  may be moved or otherwise adjusted to expand or contract to respectively secure larger or smaller electronic devices. 
       FIGS. 6A-6B  respectively illustrate a front and back perspective view of an inner tray  124  at a bottom side  644  of a tray table  104  having an adjustable retention assembly  624 . An adjustable retention assembly  624  may comprise a body or carriage  608  configured to slide or move within a guide  628  of the inner tray  124  to allow its stop  604  to accommodate electronic devices of various sizes. As shown by the arrows in  FIG. 6A  for instance, the carriage  608  slides along the inner tray  124  within a recessed guide  628 . The carriage  608  can be moved outward, if necessary, to allow the inner tray  124  to receive an electronic device. Thereafter, the carriage  608  can be moved toward the electronic device, until its stop  604  engages the electronic device thereby securing the electronic device within a channel  224  of the inner tray  124 . Though illustrated with elongated protrusions  616  rather than channels at its sides, it is noted that an inner tray&#39;s protrusions may be replaced with channels  224 , and vice versa, in one or more embodiments. 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 6A , the stop  604  itself is configured as a channel. It is noted that the stop  604  may be configured in other ways as well. For example, in one embodiment, the stop  604  may simply be a protrusion or block that engages a portion of an electronic device to secure the electronic device within a channel  224  of the inner tray  124 . 
     The guide  628  may be sized to conform closely to the width of the carriage  608  (or components thereof) so that it may properly perform its guiding function. In the embodiment of  FIGS. 6A-6B  for example, the carriage  608  includes a tab  612  that engages the guide  628  and is movable therein. The guide  628  is sized to accept the tab  612 . Referring to the back view of  FIG. 6B , it can be seen that the guide  628  may be formed by two side walls and a back panel therebetween. An open end  632  of the guide  628  allows the tab  612  to pass therethrough thereby allowing the carriage  608  to slide or move within the guide. 
     Once moved, the carriage  608  may be held in position in various ways. For instance, the carriage  608  and guide  628  may conform to one another such that the carriage  608  is held in place by friction once moved to a desired position (e.g., to engage an electronic device). Alternatively or in addition, the adjustable retention assembly  624  may optionally include one or more biasing mechanisms configured to pull the carriage  608  in a particular direction. Typically, a biasing mechanism would pull the carriage  608  and its stop  604  toward an electronic device. An exemplary biasing mechanism comprising a spring  640  extending between the tab  612  of the carriage  608  and the inner tray  124  is shown in  FIG. 6B . As can be seen, the spring would pull the carriage  608  inward so that the carriage&#39;s stop  604  can engage and secure an electronic device to the inner tray. The spring  640  may be attached to the inner tray  124  directly, or via an optional anchor  636  in some embodiments. 
     It is contemplated that various other biasing mechanisms may be used. For example, a spring-biased gear may be used in some embodiments. In such an embodiment, the gear may engage a row of teeth on a portion of the carriage  608  to allow its spring to pull the carriage in a particular direction. 
     Alternatively or in addition, the adjustable retention assembly  624  may include a locking mechanism to hold the carriage  608  in position. In general, a locking mechanism would temporarily secure the carriage  608  in position by engaging a portion of the guide  628  or inner tray  124 . For instance, a locking mechanism may be a switch-activated expansion of a portion of the carriage  608  that causes a portion of the carriage to expand such that it engages the sidewalls or other portion of the guide  628  to prevent further movement of the carriage. Alternatively, the guide  628  may include a switch-activated clamp or the like that, when engaged, holds the carriage in position until the clamp is released. As shown in  FIG. 6A  for example, a movable section jaw  646  or section of the guide  628  may move inward to hold the carriage  608  in position and outward to release the carriage. As described above the inner tray  124  may be rotatably attached to the tray table  104  via one or more rotating mounts  324 . As can be seen from  FIG. 6B , a rotating mount  324  may comprise a one or more pins that extend between the inner tray and the body  120 . It is noted that a rotating mount  324  may also be hinges, pivots, and the like. The inner tray  124  may be moved between an open position, where the inner tray extends outward from the bottom side  644  of the tray table, and a closed position, where the inner tray is retracted within the opening  112  of the inner tray. 
     Operation of an exemplary tray table  104  and adjustable retention assembly  624  will now be described with regard to  FIG. 6C . As can be seen, the inner tray  124  is positioned in an opening  112  at the bottom side  644  of the tray table. This arrangement allows the inner tray  124  to extend and retract at the back of a passenger seat  128  when the tray table is in a stowed position. A distal end  648  of the inner tray  124  may be tilted outward during as desired by a passenger. This is beneficial in that it permits the passenger to position his or her electronic device during use. 
     Also shown in  FIG. 6C  is an example of the adjustable retention assembly  624  engaging and securing an electronic device  108 . As can be seen, the electronic device  108  is engaged by a stop  604  of the adjustable retention assembly&#39;s carriage  608 . This helps ensure that the electronic device  108  stays within one or more channels  224  of the inner tray  124 . A passenger may remove the electronic device  108  by moving the stop  604  away from the electronic device and then removing the electronic device from one or more channels  224  of the inner tray  124 . 
     The opening  112  in which the inner tray  124  resides may be covered at a top side  620  of the tray table  104 . As can be seen from  FIG. 6A  for example, the top side  620  of the tray table  104  extends across the opening  112  to enclose the opening at the top side of the tray table. This provides a continuous top surface upon which a passenger may place one or more items during travel. In addition, this prevents dirt or debris from entering the opening  112  or contaminating the inner tray  124  or components thereof, reducing cleaning and maintenance costs. 
       FIGS. 7A-7D  illustrate a folding embodiment of a tray table  104  having an adjustable retention assembly  624 .  FIGS. 7A-7B  provide a front view of an inner tray  124  with the adjustable retention assembly  624 . As shown in these figures, a carriage  608  may move along one or more guides  628  to accept and hold a portable electronic device.  FIG. 7C  illustrates a back view of an inner tray  124 . As can be seen, one or more pins  712  may extend from the carriage  608 , stop  604  or both and into one or more guides  628 . A pin  712  may have an enlarged head so as to keep the pin within a guide  628 . 
     A back panel  228  in a folding embodiment may comprise an extension  704  that can extend and retract. An extension  704  may be attached via one or more hinges  708  or other rotating or movable mounts to allow the extension to extend and retract. Typically the extension  704  will be attached at a distal end of the back panel  228 . An extension  704  is beneficial in that it allow the inner tray  124  to accommodate a portable electronic device of increased size. This is especially advantageous in configurations where the tray table  104  is thinner along its front to back dimension. To illustrate, in the exemplary embodiment of  FIGS. 7A-7B , the extension  704  allows the inner tray  124  to extend beyond the back end of the tray table&#39;s body  120 . When retracted (i.e., stowed), the extension  704  can be folded to fit within the top plan view periphery of the body  120 , as can be see from  FIG. 7D . 
     In  FIGS. 7A-7C , the back panel  228  is shown with its extension  704  in an extended position.  FIG. 7D  is a side cross sectional view illustrating the back panel with its extension  704  in a retracted position. As can be seen, an extension  704  may be folded or rotated at one or more hinges  708  to retract inward. A clasp may be provided to hold the extension  704  in a retracted position. As shown in  FIG. 7D  for example, mating structures at the channel  204  and stop  604  hold the extension  704  in a retracted position. More specifically, a protrusion at the distal end of the extension  704  engages the stop  604  to hold the extension in a retracted position. This will typically be a friction fit so as to allow the extension  704  to be extended by pulling the extension outward to disengage the stop  604 . The materials used to construct the stop  608 , extension  704  or both will typically be rigid but may have some flexibility to permit the stop to hold the extension in a retracted position and allow a user to extend the extension thereafter. 
     A rotating mount  324  or pivot rotatably mounts the inner tray  124  to the body  120  of the tray table. As shown for example, a rotating mount  324  rotatable attaches a proximal end of a back panel  228  to the body  120 . The back panel  228  (and its extension  704 ) can then extended and retracted relative to the body  120 , as described above.  FIGS. 7A-7C  show a back panel  228  in an extended position, while  FIG. 7D  shows the back panel retracted into a compartment of the body  120 . 
     While various embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible that are within the scope of this invention. In addition, the various features, elements, and embodiments described herein may be claimed or combined in any combination or arrangement.