Patent Publication Number: US-2021187405-A1

Title: Magnetic positioning mechanism for fluid-supported self-rotating displays

Description:
PRIOR APPLICATION 
     This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/082,909, filed 2018 Sep. 6, which is a 371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2017/021547, filed 2017 Mar. 9, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/307,268, filed 2016 Mar. 11, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to self-powered display devices, and more particularly, to fluid supported, light-powered, electric motor driven self-rotating devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Self-moving displays are often used as toys, decorative conversation pieces or advertising media. Such devices are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,275,127; 6,853,283; 6,937,125; and U.S. Pat. Publication No. 2005/0102869; all of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     These devices can have a sealed outer container having light-transmissive walls containing a light-transmissive liquid which buoyantly supports an inner body which appears to magically rotate on its own with respect to the outer container, or in what appears to be a solid block of clear glass or plastic. The rotation can be driven by an electric motor hidden within the body. The motor can be powered by a battery or in a longer-term manner by light radiation impacting on photovoltaic cells hidden within the body. Because the drive mechanism can be fully contained within the self rotating body, an internal compass magnet aligned with an ambient magnetic field such as the earth&#39;s magnetic field is used to act as a source of counter-torque for the internal motor. 
     One problem that can occur with floating, self-rotating devices involves the self-rotating body not being centered within the container, but rather bumping up against or resting against one of the container side walls. Although a rotating body can tend to move itself away from sidewall due to sheer forces encountered near the sidewall, there is no guarantee the object will remain centered, especially when the container is large and the rotating body small. 
     When the self-rotating body has stopped rotating for an extended period, such as during nighttime when no power-giving light falls on the photovoltaic powering elements, slight surface-tension-related forces tend to cause the non-rotating body to drift over and eventually contact a sidewall. When a non-rotating body is at rest against a sidewall, there can be significant static friction existing between the body and the sidewall surface which is difficult for a typically low-torque drive mechanism to overcome. 
     Therefore there is a need for a self-rotating device which addresses some or all of the above identified inadequacies. 
     SUMMARY 
     The principal and secondary objects of the invention are to provide an improved fluid supported, self-rotating device. These and other objects are achieved by a magnetic positioning structure fixed with respect to a container of a fluid supported, self-rotating body. 
     In some embodiments the self rotating body is bouyantly supported within the container by two different density immiscible fluids. 
     In some embodiments there is provided a self-rotating device comprises: a container carrying a fluid; a self-powered hollow rotating body buoyantly supported by said fluid; wherein said body comprises: an axis of rotation; an electric motor comprising: a counter-torque element rotationally responsive to an ambient magnetic field; and, wherein said device further comprises: a magnetic positioning structure fixed with respect to said container, a local magnetic field generated by at least one of said magnetic positioning structure and said counter-torque element; wherein said magnetic positioning structure is located an effective distance from said counter-torque element so as to interact with said local magnetic field to bias said body toward a position of magnetic equilibrium between said magnetic positioning structure and said counter-torque element. 
     In some embodiments said counter-torque element is a compass magnet aligned to said ambient magnetic field. 
     In some embodiments said ambient magnetic field is the earth&#39;s magnetic field. 
     In some embodiments said magnetic positioning structure comprises a positioning magnet generating a multipurpose magnetic field providing both said ambient magnetic field and said local magnetic field. 
     In some embodiments said positioning magnet is a permanent magnet. 
     In some embodiments said container comprises a light transmissive outer wall; and wherein said fluid comprises a light transmissive liquid. 
     In some embodiments said position of magnetic equilibrium minimizes a distance between said counter-torque element and magnetic positioning structure. 
     In some embodiments said position of magnetic equilibrium is located so that said axis of rotation intersects a region occupied by said magnetic positioning structure. 
     In some embodiments said axis passes through a void bounded by said magnetic positioning structure. 
     In some embodiments said effective distance is less than about 5 centimeters. 
     In some embodiments said local magnetic field generates a biasing force which is insufficient to overcome a buoyancy force buoyantly supporting said body against gravity. 
     In some embodiments said local magnetic field generates a biasing force which is insufficient to overcome a force of gravity acting on said body. 
     In some embodiments said magnetic positioning structure comprises an amount of ferromagnetic paint coating a portion of said container. 
     In some embodiments said fluid comprises two different density liquids, wherein said liquids are selected to buoyantly support said body within said container. 
     In some embodiments said device further comprises a light transmissive outer enclosure forming said container, wherein said enclosure is shaped and dimensioned to have an internal cavity containing an amount of a light transmissive liquid forming said fluid and said self-powered hollow rotating body being immersed in said liquid. 
     In some embodiments said local magnetic field has a strength which cannot overcome the weight of said body. 
     The original text of the original claims is incorporated herein by reference as describing features in some embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a graph shows how the speed of rotation can vary with rotation angle in prior art devices. 
         FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic cross-sectional side view representation of a light driven, motor containing, rotating body immersed in a light transmissive fluid contained in a light transmissive outer container including a magnetic positioning structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagrammatic cross-sectional side view representation of the device of  FIG. 2  in greater detail. 
         FIG. 4  an magnetic field diagram for the magnetic positioning structure components of the device of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 5  is a diagrammatic top partial transparent view of certain motor elements of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 6  an electrical circuit diagram for the electrical components of the body of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 7  is a diagrammatic cross-sectional side view representation of a self-rotating device including a bottom mounted magnetic positioning structure according to an alternate exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagrammatic cross-sectional side view representation of a self-rotating device including a split chip magnetic positioning structure according to an alternate exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagrammatic cross-sectional side view representation of a pyramid shaped self-rotating device including a split chip magnetic positioning structure according to an alternate exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagrammatic cross-sectional side view representation of a suspended container self-rotating device including an outboard magnet magnetic positioning structure according to an alternate exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring now to the drawing there is shown in  FIGS. 1-3  a self-rotating device  1  having a substantially stationary, sealed outer container  2  having light transmissive walls  3  forming an enclosure surrounding an inner cavity  5  containing an amount of light transmissive fluid  6 , and an axially symmetrically shaped body  4  such as a sphere or ball which is immersed in the fluid and allowed to rotate  11  about an axis  7  with respect to the outer container. The body has a light-transmissive wall  9  allowing ambient light rays L to pass through the outer container wall  3 , fluid  6 , and body wall  9  to provide power to a solar cell  15  supplying current to an electric motor  14  inside the body. The axially symmetric shape of the body allows it to rotate with a minimum amount of drag from contacting the surrounding fluids. A compass magnet  18  within the body is rotationally responsive to an ambient magnetic field  10  such as the earth&#39;s magnetic field to align with it and provide a counter-torque element for the motor to turn against. 
     The fluid  6  can comprise two immiscible liquids, namely a less dense liquid  6   a , and a more dense liquid  6   b , separated at an interface  8  as disclosed in French, U.S. Pat. Publication No. 2005/0102869 incorporated herein by reference. The index of refraction of the two liquids is selected to be substantially similar in order to hide the appearance of the interface. The density of the liquids is further selected to provide a buoyancy force F B  which equally counteracts the force of gravity F G  so that the body is suspended vertically within the inner cavity  5 . 
     The device of  FIGS. 1 and 2  is shown in greater detail in  FIGS. 3-6 .  FIG. 5  shows a top view of the structure of  FIG. 3 , with its major parts shown in transparency for clarity. It shall be noted that the angular orientation of the rotating parts of the drive mechanism are different between  FIGS. 3 and 5 . 
     The substantially spherical body  4  floats on the denser liquid  6   b  carried within the container  2 . The body is hollow having an internal chamber  27  which carries a self-contained drive mechanism for causing the body to rotate. The drive mechanism can include a vertical shaft  30  connected to a compass magnet  18 , a top iron disk  45 , a spacer  49 , and a bottom iron disk  47 . The shaft  30  is supported on the bottom by a hard rounded ball end  31  resting in a cup jewel bearing  32 . A top bearing  33  rotatively engages the top of the shaft. A ring shaped ballast weight  22  orients the body so that its rotation axis  7  is vertical. 
     A printed circuit board  43  is connected to the spherical wall  9  by a number of gussets  35 . The printed circuit board carries three uniformly angularly spaced apart solar cells,  42   a , 42   b , 42   c  and three uniformly angularly spaced apart photodiodes,  44   a , 44   b , 44   c  mounted on the top of the printed circuit board. Three uniformly angularly spaced apart bobbins wound with wire forming coils  48   a , 48   b , 48   c  are shown mounted on the bottom of the printed circuit board. The spacer  49  passes through a hole  28  in the printed circuit board and the shaft  30  is in the center of the spacer  49 . 
     Four uniformly angularly spaced apart disk shaped magnets  50   a , 50   b , 50   c , 50   d  can be mounted on the lower iron disk  47 , two of which,  50   a  and  20   b  are shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     As the printed circuit board  43  rotates with respect to the iron disks  45 , 47 , each photodiode  44   a , 44   b , 44   c  is shaded by the upper iron disk  45  until it passes under one of the apertures  46   a , 46   b . In  FIG. 5 , the photodiode  44   a  is shown passing under aperture  46   a , and photodiodes  44   b  and  44   c  are shaded by the top iron disk  45 . While under the aperture, photodiode  44   a  is exposed to light and opens its respective transistor  51   a  which delivers current to its coil  48   a.    
       FIG. 6  shows the electronic circuit on the printed circuit board  43 . Light falling on any of the photodiodes  44   a , 44   b , 44   c  will create a current that opens its respective transistor  51   a , 51   b , 51   c  to drive current through its respective coil  48   a , 48   b , 48   c . Diodes  54   a ,  54   b , 54   c  protect the transistors in case any reverse voltage is generated if the relative rotation of the coils  48   a , 48   b , 48   c  and magnets  50   a , 50   b , 50   c , 50   d  is somehow forced to happen in reverse. Solar cells  42   a , 42   b , 42   c  provide voltage to drive the circuit. 
     In the relative orientation of the printed circuit board  43  to the iron disks  45 , 47  shown in  FIG. 3 , the coil  48   a  will be receiving current because photodiode  44   a  is illuminated and this current will create a relative torque between the coil  48   a  and the magnets  50   a  and  50   b . Once again, the shaft  30  is held from rotating by the interaction of the compass magnet  18  with an ambient horizontal magnetic field  10  such as the earth&#39;s magnetic field. The net result will be that the coil  48   a , the printed circuit board  43  and hence the body  4  will feel a torque and start to rotate if the body is in a low friction environment such as described above. Continued rotation will eventually cause photodiode  44   a  to be shaded and expose another photodiode  44   b  or  44   c  to be exposed through aperture  46   b  and this will cause continued rotation. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1-4 , the device includes a magnetic positioning structure  20  fixed with respect to the container  2 . The magnetic positioning structure can be an amount of ferromagnetic material paint coating a portion of the container, or a chip  21  of ferromagnetic material such as steel adhered or otherwise fixed with respect to the container, that interacts with a local magnetic field  28  generated by the counter-torque-providing compass magnet  18  to cause the body to be magnetically drawn laterally toward the chip. The chip can be positioned atop the outer surface  22  of the container a laterally central location. By placing the chip in a laterally central location with respect to the inner cavity  5  of the container, the body is biased toward a location vertically adjacent to the chip, thereby laterally positioning the body within the cavity. When the body  4  has reached a centered lateral position within the inner cavity  5  directly below the chip  21 , the chip and compass magnet  18  can be said to be in equipoise, in other words, a position of magnetic equilibrium. In this equipoise position the rotational axis  7  of the body will tend to intersect a region occupied by the chip which is often the center of mass of the chip for most simple chip shapes. It is important to note that the flat bottom of the container can preserve the orientation of the container at rest on a flat surface such as a table top. The preserved orientation is important to keep the magnetic positioning structure properly located over the center of the cavity, and thus drive the body toward an equipoise position. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the magnetic attraction between the steel chip  21  and the compass magnet  18  provides a lateral force component on the self-rotating body  4  urging it toward a position of vertical adjacency with the chip and minimizing a distance D between the chip and the compass magnet. Of course the chip must be located an effective distance from the magnetic counter-torque element  18  so as to interact with its local magnetic field  28  in order to bias it toward the chip even when the body has drifted toward the lateral boundaries of the inner cavity  5 . The effective distance is determined by the strength of the magnetic field generated by the compass magnet and the mass of the chip and its ability to interact with that magnetic field. For a compass magnet having a strength of approximately 600 gauss and a chip of 403 type steel having a mass of 0.5 grams, the maximum separation between the chip and compass magnet should be no more than 2 centimeters when in equipoise and the effective distance no more than about 5 centimeters. 
     It shall be understood that the biasing force can be very weak and still be effective at laterally positioning the body within the inner cavity since there are no appreciable lateral forces to overcome. It is important to note that, when the chip is located on the top of the container, the biasing force is insufficient to overcome the weight of the body due to gravity, and the body may only experience a slight increase in buoyancy. 
     In  FIG. 7  there is shown an alternate embodiment of a self-rotating device  101  similar to the device of  FIG. 2 . However, in this embodiment the chip  121  is conveniently and inconspicuously positioned in a depression  122  set into the outer under-surface  123  of the bottom of the container  102  at a laterally central location. Indeed, when the chip is located on the bottom of the container, the biasing force is insufficient to overcome a buoyancy force F B  buoyantly supporting the body  104  against the force of gravity F G . The counter-torque element  118  such as a compass magnet, magnetically anchored to an ambient magnetic field such as the earth&#39;s magnetic field  110  can be located in a position closer to the bottom of the container ensuring an effective distance between the chip and the magnetically anchored counter-torque element. 
     In  FIG. 8  there is shown an alternate embodiment of a self-rotating device  131  similar to the device of  FIG. 2 . However, in this embodiment the magnetic positioning structure  140  includes a pair of ferromagnetic chips  141 , 142  that are spaced a distance S 1  apart from one another and secured to the top surface of the container  132 . The chips are positioned so that their aggregate center of mass is located at a laterally central location. When the chips interact with the local magnetic field generated by a compass magnet  138  acting as a counter-torque element for the motor  139  the body  134  is biased laterally toward the lateral center of the cavity  135  until the compass magnet and chips are in equipoise. Once in equipoise the rotational axis  137  of the body substantially intersects the center of mass of the magnetic positioning structure which is located at a void  143  residing between the two chips and thus bounded by the magnetic positioning structure. 
     In  FIG. 9  there is shown an alternate embodiment of a self-rotating device  151  similar to the device of  FIG. 8 . However, in this embodiment it is shown by way of example that the container  152  can be one an endless variety of shapes. In this embodiment the container is in the shape of a four-sided pyramid. The drive and positioning mechanisms can operate in the same manner as for those embodiments described above. The magnetic positioning structure  160  includes a pair of ferromagnetic chips  161 , 162  that are spaced a distance S 2  apart from one another and secured to an upper surface of the container  132 . The chips are positioned so that their aggregate center of mass is located at a laterally central location. When the chips interact with the local magnetic field generated by a compass magnet  158  acting as a counter-torque element for the motor  159  the body  154  is biased laterally toward the lateral center of the cavity  155  until the compass magnet and chips are in equipoise. Once in equipoise the rotational axis  137  of the body substantially intersects the center of mass of the magnetic positioning structure which is located at a void  143  residing between the two chips. 
     It shall be understood that the positioning mechanism can be used to bias the body toward essentially any lateral position within the cavity and not necessarily the center of the cavity. 
     In  FIG. 10  there is shown an alternate embodiment of a self-rotating device  171  wherein a generally spherically shaped container  172  is suspended on a stand  187  by a hook  188  engaging a looped crown  189 . In this embodiment a magnetic positioning structure  180  includes a container magnet  181  connected to the container generating an ambient magnetic field with respect to the container. A piece of ferromagnetic material such as steel is connected to the shaft  186  of the body  174  to act as a counter-torque element. In this embodiment the container magnet generates a multipurpose magnetic field which acts as both the ambient magnetic field to anchor the counter-torque element and as the local magnetic field for positioning purposes. In other words, the container magnet generates a magnetic field which both anchors the rotational position of the anti-torque element and biases the element toward an equipoise position so that the rotational axis  177  of the body intersects the container magnet. The looped crown maintains the orientation of the container with respect to the magnetic positioning structure to keep it centered over the cavity. 
     EXAMPLE 
     A outer substantially cubic hollow container made of transparent acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) having a wall thickness of about 5 millimeters and sides measuring about 15 centimeters square loosely carries a hollow spherical body of transparent ABS having a wall thickness of about 3 millimeters and a diameter of about 10 centimeters. The body is buoyantly supported inside the container by two immiscible, different density liquids. The first, higher density liquid is a mixture of about 81% by volume propylene glycol and 19% by volume water. The second, lower density liquid is dodecane. The body is formed by two hemispherical shells bonded along an equator by an amount of adhesive. A cylindrical compass magnet having a length of about 2 centimeters is used as the internal counter-torque element. A steel chip formed into a logo emblem having a thickness of about 2 millimeters and a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters was selected and mounter adhesively to the center of the top surface of the container. The magnetic interaction between the steel chip and compass magnet was observed over a distance of about 5 centimeter effectively biasing the body to equipoise. 
     While the exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described, modifications can be made and other embodiments may be devised without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.