Patent Publication Number: US-11653546-B2

Title: Display device having a bent portion

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0027979, filed on Mar. 5, 2020, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a display device, and more particularly, to a display device in which a portion of a display area is bent. 
     DISCUSSION OF THE RELATED ART 
     Unlike a liquid crystal display (LCD) device that requires the use of a separate light source, such as a backlight device, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device is self-luminous and therefore can display an image without the use of a separate light source. Therefore, because a separate light source is not required, a thickness and weight of the OLED display device may be reduced, as compared to that of an LCD. In addition, an organic light-emitting diode display device has other desirable characteristics such as low power consumption, high brightness, and high respond speeds, as compared to many LCDs. 
     SUMMARY 
     A display device includes a display area and a peripheral area. The peripheral area at least partially surrounds the display area. The display device includes a display layer including a plurality of display elements arranged within the display area. A thin-film encapsulation layer is disposed on the display layer and includes a first encapsulation layer, a second encapsulation layer disposed on the first encapsulation layer, a third encapsulation layer disposed on the second encapsulation layer, and a touch sensing layer disposed on the thin-film encapsulation layer and including touch electrodes and trace lines. The display area is at least partially bent, and the third encapsulation layer is bent along the bending of the display area and has a structure in which a first layer and a second layer are alternately stacked. The first layer includes an inorganic insulating material, and the second layer includes a silicon carbon compound material. 
     A thickness of the second layer may be greater than a thickness of the first layer. 
     The second layer may include silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ) or silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) containing carbon and hydrogen. 
     The first layer may include an inorganic insulating material including silicon. 
     The first layer may include silicon nitride, silicon oxide, or silicon oxynitride. 
     An edge of the first layer may extend further toward the peripheral area than an edge of the second layer extends toward the peripheral area. 
     The touch sensing layer may include a conductive layer including at least one of the touch electrodes or the trace lines, a first touch insulating layer disposed between the thin-film encapsulation and the conductive layer, and a second touch insulating layer covering the conductive layer and including an organic material. 
     The first touch insulating layer may include an organic insulating material or a silicon carbon compound material. 
     The display device may further include an auxiliary layer arranged on a bottom surface of the conductive layer facing the first touch insulating layer, the auxiliary layer including an inorganic insulating material. 
     The touch sensing layer may further include a second conductive layer disposed between the first touch insulating layer and the second touch insulating layer, and a third touch insulating layer disposed between the conductive layer and the second conductive layer. 
     The third touch insulating layer may include a layer including an inorganic insulating material and a layer including a silicon carbon compound material. 
     A thickness of the layer including the silicon carbon compound material may be greater than a thickness of the layer including the inorganic insulating material. 
     The peripheral area may include a bent area, and the first touch insulating layer may cover the bent area. 
     Each of the trace lines may include an inner portion, an outer portion, and a connection portion. The inner portion and the outer portion may be respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the bent area with the bent area disposed therebetween. The connection portion may be connected to both the inner portion and the outer portion through contact holes and the connection portion may connect the inner portion to the outer portion. 
     The display area may include a main display area, a plurality of lateral display areas, and a plurality of edge display areas. The plurality of lateral display areas may constitute an image surface that is different from the main display area. The plurality of edge display areas may connect the main display area to the plurality of lateral display areas. 
     A display device includes a display area and a peripheral area. The peripheral area at least partially surrounds the display area. The display device includes a display layer including a plurality of display elements in the display area, a thin-film encapsulation layer disposed on the display layer and including a first encapsulation layer, a second encapsulation layer disposed on the first encapsulation layer, a third encapsulation layer disposed on the second encapsulation layer, and a touch sensing layer disposed on the thin-film encapsulation layer and including a conductive layer and a touch insulating layer. The conductive layer includes at least one of touch electrodes or trace lines. The display area is at least partially bent. At least one of the first encapsulation layer, the third encapsulation layer, or the touch insulating layer is bent along the bending of the display area and includes a silicon carbon compound material. 
     The second encapsulation layer may include an organic insulating material, and at least one of the first encapsulation layer or the third encapsulation layer may have a structure in which a first layer and a second layer are alternately stacked. The first layer may include an inorganic insulating material that includes silicon, and the second layer may include a silicon carbon compound material. 
     A thickness of the second layer may be greater than a thickness of the first layer. 
     The first layer may include silicon nitride, silicon oxide, or silicon oxynitride, and the second layer may include silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ) or silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) containing carbon and hydrogen. 
     The peripheral area may include a bent area and a pad, the pad being spaced apart from the display area with the bent area disposed therebetween, and an edge of the thin-film encapsulation layer may be between the display area and the bent area. 
     An edge of the first layer may extend further toward the peripheral area than an edge of the second layer extends toward the peripheral area. 
     The touch insulating layer may include a first touch insulating layer and a second touch insulating layer. The second touch insulating layer may be disposed on the first touch insulating layer and may include an organic insulating material. The conductive layer may be disposed between the first touch insulating layer and the second touch insulating layer. 
     The first touch insulating layer may include a silicon carbon compound material and the display device may further include an auxiliary layer disposed on a bottom surface of the conductive layer facing the first touch insulating layer. The auxiliary layer may contact the first touch insulating layer and the conductive layer. 
     The auxiliary layer may include an inorganic insulating material. 
     The touch sensing layer may further include a second conductive layer disposed between the first touch insulating layer and the second touch insulating layer, and a third touch insulating layer disposed between the conductive layer and the second conductive layer. 
     At least one of the first touch insulating layer or the third touch insulating layer may include a silicon carbon compound material. 
     The third touch insulating layer may include a layer including an inorganic insulating material and a layer including a silicon carbon compound material. 
     The peripheral area may include a bent area and at least one of the first touch insulating layer or the second touch insulating layer may extend to the bent area. 
     Each of the trace lines may include an inner portion, an outer portion, and a connection portion, the inner portion and the outer portion being respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the bent area with the bent area disposed therebetween. The connection portion may be connected to both the inner portion and the outer portion through contact holes and may connect the inner portion to the outer portion. 
     A display device includes a display area that is bent about a bending axis and a peripheral area at least partially surrounding the display area. A thin-film encapsulation layer is disposed on the display layer. A touch sensing layer is disposed on the thin-film encapsulation layer. The thin-film encapsulation layer is bent along the bending axis. The thin-film encapsulation layer includes an inorganic insulating material and a silicon carbon compound material. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A more complete appreciation of the present disclosure and many of the attendant aspects thereof will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a plan view illustrating a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    is a perspective view illustrating the display device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  3 A  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the display device taken along line IIIA-IIIA′ of  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIG.  3 B  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the display device taken along line IIIB-IIIB′ of  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIG.  4    is a plan view illustrating a process of manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  5    is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a pixel of a display device; 
         FIG.  6    is a plan view illustrating a process of manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  7    is a cross-sectional view illustrating a touch sensing layer taken along lines VIIa-VIIa′ and VIIb-VIIb′ of  FIG.  6   ; 
         FIG.  8 A  is a plan view illustrating a portion of a first conductive layer of a touch sensing layer, 
         FIG.  8 B  is a plan view illustrating a portion of a second conductive layer of a touch sensing layer; 
         FIG.  9    is a cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIGS.  10 A to  10 D  are enlarged cross-sectional views illustrating a region X of  FIG.  9   ; 
         FIGS.  11 A to  11 D  are enlarged cross-sectional views illustrating a region XI of  FIG.  9   ; 
         FIG.  12    is a view of a cross-section illustrating a trace line passing across a peripheral area in a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  13    is a cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  14    is an enlarged view illustrating a region XIV of  FIG.  13   ; 
         FIG.  15    is a plan view illustrating a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  16    is a cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  17    is an enlarged view illustrating a region XVII of  FIG.  16   ; and 
         FIGS.  18 A to  18 C  are enlarged views illustrating a region XVIII of  FIG.  16   . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification and the figures. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and might not necessarily be limited to the descriptions set forth herein. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Throughout the disclosure, the expression “at least one of a, b or c” indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof. 
     Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. When description is made with reference to the drawings, like reference numerals may be used for like or corresponding elements. Thus, to the extent that a description of an element has been omitted, it may be understood that the element is at least similar to a corresponding element that is described elsewhere in the specification. 
     It will be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,” etc. may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These components are only used to distinguish one component from another. 
     As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising” used herein specify the presence of stated features or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features or components. However, the term “consisting of” used herein specifies that the presence of additional elements is precluded. 
     It will be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being “formed on,” another layer, region, or component, it can be directly or indirectly formed on the other layer, region, or component. That is, for example, intervening layers, regions, or components may be present. 
     Sizes of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated or reduced for convenience of explanation. 
     When a certain embodiment may be implemented differently, a specific process order may be performed differently from the described order. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially at the same time or performed in an order opposite to the described order. 
     It will be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being “connected” to another layer, region, or component, it may be “directly connected” to the other layer, region, or component and/or may be “indirectly connected” to the other layer, region, or component with other layer, region, or component interposed therebetween. For example, it will be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being “electrically connected” to another layer, region, or component, it may be “directly electrically connected” to the other layer, region, or component and/or may be “indirectly electrically connected” to other layer, region, or component with other layer, region, or component interposed therebetween. 
     In the present specification, a term “compound material” may denote a material including two or more different elements that are chemically combined. A term “silicon compound material” may denote a material including a silicon element and one or more different elements. A term “silicon carbon compound material” may denote a material including a silicon element, a carbon element, and one or more different elements. 
     In the present specification, a term “ternary compound material” may denote a material essentially including three different elements. Though the term “ternary compound material” may denote a material essentially including three different elements, it should be understood that a ternary compound material may also include a trace impurity element. 
     In the present specification, a term “silicon carbon ternary compound material” may denote a material essentially including a silicon element, a carbon element, and an additional different element. Though the term “silicon carbon ternary compound material” may denote a material essentially including a silicon element, a carbon element, and an additional different element, a silicon carbon ternary compound material may also include a trace impurity element. 
     In the present specification, a term “quaternary compound material” may denote a material essentially including four different elements. Though the term “quaternary compound material” may denote a material essentially including four different elements, it should be understood that a quaternary compound material may also include a trace impurity element 
     In the present specification, a term “silicon carbon quaternary compound material” may denote a material including a silicon element, a carbon element, and two additional different elements. Though the term “silicon carbon quaternary compound material” may denote a material essentially including a silicon element, a carbon element, and two additional elements. It should be understood that a silicon carbon quaternary compound material may also include a trace impurity element. 
       FIG.  1    is a plan view illustrating a display device  1  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and  FIG.  2    is a perspective view illustrating the display device  1  of  FIG.  1   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  1   , the display device  1  may include a display area DA and a peripheral area PA, pixels P being in the display area DA, and the peripheral area PA being outside the display area DA. The peripheral area PA may include a non-display area in which an image is not displayed. Various elements may be disposed within the non-display area such as a driver, etc. configured to provide an electrical signal or power to pixels P. The peripheral area PA may include a pad PAD, which is a region to which an electronic element or a printed circuit board, etc. may be electrically connected. 
     The plan view shown in  FIG.  1    may include a shape of a substrate  100  included in the display device  1 . For example, the substrate  100  may include a first region and a second region, the first region corresponding to the display area DA, and the second region corresponding to the peripheral area PA. 
     The display device  1  may be included in an electronic apparatus configured to display an image. In the display device  1 , at least a portion of the display area DA may be bent and at least a portion of the peripheral area PA may be bent. For example, the display area DA of  FIG.  1    may be bent around a plurality of axes, and the peripheral area PA may be bent around at least one axis. For example, it is shown in  FIG.  2    that the display area DA is bent around four axes, and the peripheral area PA is bent around one axis. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , the display area DA may include a front display area DAF and first to fourth lateral display areas DAS 1 , DAS 2 , DAS 3 , and DAS 4 , the front display area DAF corresponding to a main display area, and the first to fourth lateral display areas DAS 1 , DAS 2 , DAS 3 , and DAS 4  constituting image surfaces (image planes) different from that of the front display area DAF. First to fourth edge display areas DAE 1 , DAE 2 , DAE 3 , and DAE 4  may be respectively disposed between the front display area DAF and the first to fourth lateral display areas DAS 1 , DAS 2 , DAS 3 , and DAS 4 . 
     The first edge display area DAE 1  may connect the front display area DAF to the first lateral display area DAS 1 , the second edge display area DAE 2  may connect the front display area DAF to the second lateral display area DAS 2 , the third edge display area DAE 3  may connect the front display area DAF to the third lateral display area DAS 3 , and the fourth edge display area DAE 4  may connect the front display area DAF to the fourth lateral display area DAS 4 . 
     The front display area DAF and the first to fourth lateral display areas DAS 1 , DAS 2 , DAS 3 , and DAS 4  may each have flat image surfaces. Each of the first to fourth edge display areas DAE 1 , DAE 2 , DAE 3 , and DAE 4  may be bent around its own axis so as to have a curvature. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , the peripheral area PA may include first to fourth peripheral areas PAS 1 , PAS 2 , PAS 3 , and PAS 4  respectively neighboring the first to fourth lateral display areas DAS 1 , DAS 2 , DAS 3 , and DAS 4 . The first peripheral area PAS 1  may neighbor the first lateral display area DAS 1 , the second peripheral area PAS 2  may neighbor the second lateral display area DAS 2 , the third peripheral area PAS 3  may neighbor the third lateral display area DAS 3 , and the fourth peripheral area PAS 4  may neighbor the fourth lateral display area DAS 4 . 
     The first peripheral area PAS 1 , the third peripheral area PAS 3 , and the fourth peripheral area PAS 4  may be respectively disposed on the same planes as the first lateral display area DAS 1 , the third lateral display area DAS 3 , and the fourth lateral display area DAS 4  that are adjacent thereto. The second peripheral area PAS 2  may be bent around an axis. The second peripheral area PAS 2  may include a bent area PAB and a flat area PAF. The bent area PAB may have a curvature, and the flat area PAF may include a surface that is substantially flat. The flat area PAF may at least partially overlap the front display area DAF. 
       FIG.  3 A  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the display device  1  taken along line IIIA-IIIA′ of  FIG.  2   , and  FIG.  3 B  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the display device  1  taken along line IIIB-IIIB′ of  FIG.  2   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B , the display device  1  may include the substrate  100  and a display layer  200 , the display layer  200  being disposed on the substrate  100  and defining a plurality of pixels. The display layer  200  may include display elements and a transistor(s) and a capacitor(s), the transistor(s) and the capacitor(s) being connected to each display element. 
     A thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may cover the plurality of pixels over the display layer  200 . The thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may prevent the display layer  200  from being damaged by foreign substances such as moisture. 
     A touch sensing layer  400  may be arranged on the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 . The touch sensing layer  400  may be configured to obtain coordinate information corresponding to an external input, for example, a touch event of a finger, a stylus or the like. The touch sensing layer  400  may include a sensing electrode (or a touch electrode) and trace lines, the trace lines being connected to the touch electrode. The touch sensing layer  400  may be configured to sense an external input by using a mutual capacitive method or a self capacitive method. 
     An optical functional layer  500  may include a reflection prevention layer. The reflection prevention layer may reduce reflectivity of light (e.g. external light) incident toward the display layer  200  from the outside through a window  600 . The reflection prevention layer may include a retarder and a polarizer. The retarder may include a film-type retarder or a liquid crystal-type retarder. The retarder may include a half-wave plate λ/2 retarder and/or a quarter-wave plate λ/4 retarder. The polarizer may include a film-type polarizer or a liquid crystal-type polarizer. The film-type polarizer may include a stretchable synthetic resin film, and the liquid crystal-type polarizer may include liquid crystals arranged in a predetermined arrangement. 
     In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the reflection prevention layer may include a structure including a black matrix and one or more color filters. The color filters may be arranged by taking into account colors of light emitted from pixels. For example, red color filters may be configured to filter the light of red pixels, blue color filters may be configured to filter the light of blue pixels, and green color filters may be configured to filter the light of green pixels. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the reflection prevention layer may include a destructive interference structure. The destructive interference structure may include a first reflective layer and a second reflective layer arranged on different layers. First-reflected light and second-reflected light respectively reflected by the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer may be destructively interfered and thus reflectivity of external light may be reduced. 
     The window  600  may be arranged on the optical functional layer  500 . The window  600  may include a transparent light-transmissive material, for example, light transmissive glass or resin. The window  600  may be coupled to the optical functional layer  500  through an adhesive layer including an optical clear adhesive. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3 A , the third and fourth lateral display areas DAS 3  and DAS 4  respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the front display area DAF may display an image in different directions from each other. The third lateral display area DAS 3  and the front display area DAF may be connected to the third edge display area DAE 3 , and the fourth lateral display area DAS 4  and the front display area DAF may be connected to the fourth edge display area DAE 4 . 
     The third edge display area DAE 3  may be convexly bent toward the outside to have a third radius of curvature R 3  about a third axis BAX 3 , and the fourth edge display area DAE 4  may be convexly bent toward the outside to have a fourth radius of curvature R 4  about a fourth axis BAX 4 . In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third radius of curvature R 3  and/or the fourth radius of curvature R 4  may be about 4 mm or less. For example, the third radius of curvature R 3  and/or the fourth radius of curvature R 4  may be about 2 mm or less. The third radius of curvature R 3  and the fourth radius of curvature R 4  may the same or different from each other. 
     The third and fourth peripheral areas PAS 3  and PAS 4  may be respectively located on the same planes as the third and fourth lateral display areas DAS 3  and DAS 4 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  3 B , the first and second lateral display areas DAS 1  and DAS 2  respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the front display area DAF may display an image in different directions. The first lateral display area DAS 1  and the front display area DAF may be connected to the first edge display area DAE 1 , and the second lateral display area DAS 2  and the front display area DAF may be connected to the second edge display area DAE 2 . 
     The first edge display area DAE 1  may be convexly bent toward the outside to have a first radius of curvature R 1  about a first axis BAX 1 , and the second edge display area DAE 2  may be convexly bent toward the outside to have a second radius of curvature R 2  about a second axis BAX 2 . In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first radius of curvature R 1  and/or the second radius of curvature R 2  may be about 4 mm or less. For example, the first radius of curvature R 1  and/or the second radius of curvature R 2  may be about 2 mm or less. The first to fourth radii of curvatures R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  may be the same or different from one another. 
     The first peripheral area PAS 1  may be located on the same plane as the first lateral display area DAS 1 . A portion of the second peripheral area PAS 2 , for example, the bent area PAB may be convexly bent to have a fifth radius of curvature R 5  about a fifth axis BAX 5 . In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fifth radius of curvature R 5  may be about 4 mm or less. For example, the fifth radius of curvature R 5  may be about 2 mm or less. 
     The flat area PAF of the second peripheral area PAS 2  may at least partially overlap the front display area DAF while being spaced apart from the front display area DAF by a predetermined interval. A portion or all of the flat area PAF might not overlap the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 , the touch sensing layer  400 , the optical functional layer  500 , and the window  600 . Edges of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 , the touch sensing layer  400 , the optical functional layer  500 , and the window  600  may be between the flat area PAF and the bent area PAB. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the touch sensing layer  400  may extend further toward the flat area PAF to cover the bent area PAB beyond the edge of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 . 
     The pad PAD (see  FIG.  1   ) described with reference to  FIG.  1    may be arranged in the flat area PAF. The pad PAD might not cover or might not overlap the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 , the touch sensing layer  400 , the optical functional layer  500 , and the window  600 . 
     The thin-film encapsulation layer  300  and/or the touch sensing layer  400  may include a silicon carbon compound material. 
     Because the display device  1  including the bent areas includes the plurality of layers stacked on the substrate  100  as described above and each layer has a predetermined thickness, stress caused by the bending may be applied to the display device  1 . The bending stress may affect a layer arranged away from the substrate  100  in a radial direction away from an axis, the layer including the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 , the touch sensing layer  400 , and/or the optical functional layer  500 . The thin-film encapsulation layer  300  and/or the touch sensing layer  400  may be deposited on the substrate  100  without an adhesive layer interposed therebetween. In this case, the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  and/or the touch sensing layer  400  may crack due to the bending stress. The structure may be more prone to cracks as the radii of curvature of the first to fourth edge display areas DAE 1 , DAE 2 , DAE 3 , and DAE 4  are smaller. In contrast, as described below, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, because the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  and/or the touch sensing layer  400  include a silicon carbon compound material, the cracking issue may be prevented or minimized. 
     According to one simplified embodiment of the present disclosure, the display device having a display area and a peripheral area may include a thin-film encapsulation layer on the display area and a touch sensing layer on the thin-film encapsulation layer. The display area may be bent along a bending axis. The encapsulation layer may be bent along the bending axis of the display area. The encapsulation layer may include an inorganic layer and a silicon carbon layer. 
       FIG.  4    is a plan view illustrating a process of manufacturing the display device  1  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and  FIG.  5    is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a pixel of the display device  1 . It is shown in  FIG.  4    that a display layer is formed on the substrate  100 , and the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  is formed on the display layer, the display layer including a plurality of pixels P. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , the plurality of pixels P may be arranged in the display area DA. Each pixel P may include a display element, for example, a light-emitting diode, that may emit light of a predetermined color. 
     In an embodiment of the present disclosure, each pixel P may include an organic light-emitting diode OLED as shown in  FIG.  5   . The organic light-emitting diode OLED may emit, for example, red, green, or blue light or emit red, green, blue, or white light. Each organic light-emitting diode OLED may be electrically connected to a pixel circuit PC. 
     The pixel circuit PC may include a driving thin film transistor Td, a switching thin film transistor Ts, and a storage capacitor Cst. 
     The switching thin film transistor Ts may be connected to a scan line SL and a data line DL and configured to transfer a data voltage input from the data line DL to the driving thin film transistor Td in response to a switching voltage input from the scan line SL. The storage capacitor Cst may be connected to the switching thin film transistor Ts and a driving voltage line PL and configured to store a voltage corresponding to a difference between a voltage transferred from the switching thin film transistor Ts and a first power voltage ELVDD supplied through the driving voltage line PL. 
     The driving thin film transistor Td may be connected to the driving voltage line PL and the storage capacitor Cst and configured to control a driving current flowing through the organic light-emitting diode OLED from the driving voltage line PL in response to a voltage stored in the storage capacitor Cst. The organic light-emitting diode OLED may emit light having a predetermined brightness according to the driving current. An opposite electrode (e.g. a cathode) of the organic light-emitting diode OLED may receive a second power voltage ELVSS. 
     Though it is shown in  FIG.  5    that the pixel circuit PC includes two thin film transistors and one storage capacitor, the number of thin film transistors or the number of storage capacitors may be variously changed depending on the design of the pixel circuit PC. 
     The display layer may include lines configured to provide a signal or a voltage to the pixels P. In an embodiment of the present disclosure,  FIG.  4    shows lines  230  extending from the peripheral area PA to the pad PAD, the lines  230  being configured to provide a signal (e.g. a data signal) to the pixels P. In a portion of the peripheral area PA, for example, the second peripheral area PAS 2 , the lines  230  may extend across the bent area PAB. 
     The lines  230  may include an inner line portion  231 , an outer line portion  232 , and a connection line portion  233 , the inner line portion  231  and the outer line portion  232  being spaced apart from each other with the bent area PAB therebetween, and the connection line portion  233  connecting the inner line portion  231  to the outer line portion  232 . The connection line portion  233  may be connected to the inner line portion  231  and the outer line portion  232  through contact holes. 
     The connection line portion  233  may include a flexible conductive material. Therefore, as described above with reference to  FIG.  2   , the connection line portion  233  may prevent the lines  230  from being damaged by stress caused in the case where the bent area PAB is bent. The conductive material may be flexible and may include, for example, aluminum, etc. As used herein, the term “flexible” means able to be bent to a non-trivial degree without cracking. Anon-trivial degree of bending is understood to be more than about 10 degrees. 
     The thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may have an area that is greater than the display area DA so as to entirely cover the display area DA. The thin-film encapsulation layer  300  might not cover a portion of the peripheral area PA, for example, the bent area PAB. For example, it is shown in  FIG.  4    that a first edge  300 E 1  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  that neighbors the pad PAD is between the bent area PAB and the display area DA. 
       FIG.  6    is a plan view illustrating a process of manufacturing the display device  1  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and shows that the touch sensing layer is formed on the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  of  FIG.  4   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  6   , the touch sensing layer may include first touch electrodes  410 , second touch electrodes  420 , and trace lines  430 , the first touch electrodes  410  and the second touch electrodes  420  being located in the display area DA, and the trace lines  430  being located in the peripheral area PA. 
     The first touch electrodes  410  may be arranged in a first direction (e.g. an x-direction of  FIG.  6   ), and the second touch electrodes  420  may be arranged in a second direction (e.g. a y-direction of  FIG.  6   ) intersecting with the first direction. The first touch electrodes  410  arranged in the first direction may be connected to each other by a first connection electrode  411  between neighboring first touch electrodes  410  to constitute one sensing line. A plurality of first sensing lines each extending in the first direction may be arranged in the display area DA. Each of the first sensing lines may be connected to the pad PAD through a first trace line  430 - 1  located in the peripheral area PA. 
     The second touch electrodes  420  arranged in the second direction may be connected to each other by a second connection electrode  421  between neighboring second touch electrodes  420  to constitute one sensing line. A plurality of second sensing lines each extending in the second direction may be arranged in the display area DA. The plurality of second sensing lines may intersect with the plurality of first sensing lines. Each of the second sensing lines may be connected to the pad PAD through a second trace line  430 - 2  located in the peripheral area PA. 
     The trace lines  430 , for example, the first trace lines  430 - 1  and the second trace lines  430 - 2 , may extend across the bent area PAB in the second peripheral area PAS 2 . Each of the trace lines  430  may include an inner portion  431 , an outer portion  432 , and a connection portion  433 , the inner portion  431  and the outer portion  432  being spaced apart from each other with the bent area PAB therebetween, and the connection portion  433  connecting the inner portion  431  to the outer portion  432 . 
     The connection portion  433  may be connected to the inner portion  431  and the outer portion  432  through contact holes. The connection portion  433  may include a flexible conductive material. Therefore, as described above with reference to  FIG.  2   , the connection portion  433  may prevent the trace lines  430  from being damaged by stress caused in the case where the bent area PAB is bent. The flexible conductive material may include, for example, aluminum, etc. 
       FIG.  7    is a cross-sectional view illustrating the touch sensing layer  400  taken along lines VIIa-VIIa′ and VIIb-VIIb′ of  FIG.  6   ,  FIG.  8 A  is a plan view illustrating a portion of a first conductive layer of the touch sensing layer  400 , and  FIG.  8 B  is a plan view illustrating a portion of a second conductive layer of the touch sensing layer  400 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  7   , the touch sensing layer  400  may include the first touch electrode  410 , the second touch electrode  420 , the first connection electrode  411 , the second connection electrode  421  in the display area DA, and the trace lines  430  in the peripheral area PA. The trace lines  430  may include a plurality of layers. The trace lines  430  may include a first sub-trace line  430 A and a second sub-trace line  430 B located on different layers. 
     The touch sensing layer  400  may be located on the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  and may include a plurality of conductive layers. For example, the touch sensing layer  400  may include a first conductive layer CML 1  and a second conductive layer CML 2 . A first touch insulating layer  401  may be arranged between the first conductive layer CML 1  and the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 . A second touch insulating layer  403  may be arranged between the first conductive layer CML 1  and the second conductive layer CML 2 . A third touch insulating layer  405  may be located on the second conductive layer CML 2 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  7  and  8 A , the first conductive layer CML 1  may include the first connection electrode  411  located in the display area DA. As shown in  FIGS.  7  and  8 B , the second conductive layer CML 2  may include the first touch electrodes  410 , the second touch electrodes  420 , and the second connection electrodes  421  located in the display area DA. The second touch electrodes  420  may be connected to each other by the second connection electrodes  421  arranged on the same layer as the second touch electrodes  420 . The first touch electrodes  410  may be connected to each other by the first connection electrodes  411  arranged on a layer different from the first touch electrodes  410 . The first connection electrodes  411  electrically connecting the first touch electrodes  410  that neighbor each other may be connected to the neighboring first touch electrodes  410  through a first contact hole CNT 1  formed in the second touch insulating layer  403 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  7  and  8 A , the first conductive layer CML 1  may include first sub-trace layers  430 A located in the peripheral area PA. As shown in  FIGS.  7  and  8 B , the second conductive layer CML 2  may include second sub-trace layers  430 B located in the peripheral area PA. The first sub-trace layer  430 A may be connected to the second sub-trace layer  430 B through a second contact hole CNT 2  formed in the second touch insulating layer  403 . 
     The first conductive layer CML 1  and the second conductive layer CML 2  each may include metal. For example, the first conductive layer CML 1  and the second conductive layer CML 2  may include molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and/or titanium (Ti). The first conductive layer CML 1  and the second conductive layer CML 2  may include a single layer or a multi-layer including the above materials. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first conductive layer CML 1  and the second conductive layer CML 2  each may have a structure in which a titanium layer, an aluminum layer, and a titanium layer are sequentially stacked (Ti/Al/Ti). 
     Referring to an enlarged view illustrating  FIG.  8 B , the first touch electrode  410  may have a mesh structure (or a grid structure or a lattice structure) including a plurality of holes  410 H. The holes  410 H may at least partially overlap an emission area P-E of a pixel. Portions of the first touch electrode  410  may be connected to each other to have a mesh structure and may define the holes  410 H. The holes  410 H may be spatially separated from each other with the portions of the first touch electrode  410  therebetween. The holes  410 H that neighbor each other among the plurality of holes  410 H may be spatially connected to each other. 
     Similarly, the second touch electrode  420  may have a grid structure (or a lattice structure) including a plurality of holes  420 H. The holes  420 H may at least partially overlap an emission area P-E of a pixel. Portions of the second touch electrode  420  may be connected to each other to have a mesh structure and may define the holes  420 H. The holes  420 H may be spatially separated from each other with the portions of the second touch electrode  420  therebetween. The holes  420 H that neighbor each other among the plurality of holes  420 H may be spatially connected to each other. 
     Though it is shown in  FIGS.  7  to  8 B  that the first touch electrode  410  and the first connection electrode  411  are arranged on different layers, the embodiment is not necessarily limited thereto. For example, the first touch electrodes  410  and the first connection electrodes  411  may be arranged on the same layer (e.g. the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer). 
     The second touch electrodes  420  and the second connection electrode  421  may be arranged on different layers and connected to each other through contact holes passing through the second touch insulating layer  403 . 
     Though it is shown in  FIGS.  7  to  8 B  that the first and second touch electrodes  410  and  420  are included in the second conductive layer CML 2 , the embodiment is not necessarily limited thereto. For example, the first touch electrode  410  and the second touch electrode  420  may be provided (included) in different layers. For example, one of the first touch electrode  410  and the second touch electrode  420  may be provided in the first conductive layer CML 1 , and the other may be provided in the second conductive layer CML 2 . 
       FIG.  9    is a cross-sectional view illustrating the display device  1  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,  FIGS.  10 A to  10 D  are enlarged cross-sectional views of a region X of  FIG.  9   , and  FIGS.  11 A to  11 D  are enlarged cross-sectional views of a region XI of  FIG.  9   . 
     First, the display area DA of  FIG.  9    is described. 
     The substrate  100  may include a polymer. For example, the substrate  100  may include a polymer resin such as polyethersulfone, polyarylate, polyacrylate, polyetherimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polycarbonate, cellulose tri acetate, and/or cellulose acetate propionate. The substrate  100  may include a single layer or a multi-layer including the above materials. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the substrate  100  may have a structure in which a base layer and an inorganic insulating layer are alternately stacked, the base layer including the above material, and the inorganic insulating layer including silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and/or silicon oxide. For example, the substrate  100  may have a structure in which the base layer/the inorganic insulating layer/the base layer/the inorganic insulating layer that are stacked. 
     A buffer layer  201 , a gate insulating layer  203 , a first interlayer insulating layer  205 , a second interlayer insulating layer  207 , and a planarization insulating layer  209  may be arranged on the substrate  100 , the buffer layer  201  being configured to prevent impurities from penetrating into a semiconductor layer of a thin film transistor TFT, the gate insulating layer  203  being configured to insulate semiconductor layers of a first or second thin film transistor T 1  or T 2  from a gate electrode, the first interlayer insulating layer  205  being between a first electrode CE 1  and a second electrode CE 2  of a storage capacitor Cst, the second interlayer insulating layer  207  being configured to insulate a source electrode or a drain electrode of the first or second thin film transistor T 1  or T 2  from the gate electrode, and the planarization insulating layer  209  covering the thin film transistor TFT. 
     The buffer layer  201 , the gate insulating layer  203 , the first interlayer insulating layer  205 , and the second interlayer insulating layer  207  may include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and/or silicon oxide. The planarization insulating layer  209  may include a layer having an approximately flat top surface and include an organic insulating material such as benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide, or hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). 
     The display layer  200  may include an organic light-emitting diode  220 , the organic light-emitting diode  220  being electrically connected to thin film transistors, for example, the first and second thin film transistors T 1  and T 2  and the storage capacitor Cst formed between the above-described insulating layers. The display layer  200  of  FIG.  9    corresponds to a cross-sectional view illustrating a pixel circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure including a greater number of transistors than the number of transistors included in the pixel circuit described above with reference to  FIG.  4   . The first thin film transistor T 1  of  FIG.  9    may correspond to a driving thin film transistor, and the second thin film transistor T 2  may correspond to a control transistor configured to operate in response to a control signal for an operation of the organic light-emitting diode  220 . In the drawing of  FIG.  9   , a switching thin film transistor is omitted. 
     The first thin film transistor T 1  may include a first semiconductor layer Act 1  and a first gate electrode G 1 , and the second thin film transistor T 2  may include a second semiconductor layer Act 2  and a second gate electrode G 2 . 
     The first semiconductor layer Act 1  and the second semiconductor layer Act 2  may include amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, an oxide semiconductor, or an organic semiconductor material. The first semiconductor layer Act 1  may include a channel region C 1 , a source region S 1 , and a drain region D 1 , the source region S 1  and the drain region D 1  being arranged on two opposite sides of the channel region C 1 . The second semiconductor layer Act 2  may include a channel region C 2 , a source region S 2 , and a drain region D 2 , the source region S 2  and the drain region D 2  being arranged on two opposite sides of the channel region C 2 . 
     The first and second gate electrodes G 1  and G 2  may include a low-resistance conductive material such as molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and/or titanium (Ti) and include a single layer or a multi-layer including the above materials. The first gate electrode G 1  and the second gate electrode G 2  may be arranged on the same layer or arranged on different layers. 
     The second thin film transistor T 2  may include a source electrode (not shown) and/or a drain electrode SD. In an embodiment of the present disclosure,  FIG.  9    shows the drain electrode SD. The drain electrode SD may be arranged on the same layer as a data line DL and may include the same material as the data line DL. The drain electrode SD and the data line DL may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including a conductive material having an excellent conductivity. For example, the drain electrode SD and the data line DL may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including a conductive material including aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and/or titanium (Ti). In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the drain electrode SD and the data line DL may have a three-layered structure of a titanium layer/an aluminum layer/a titanium layer. 
       FIG.  9    shows that the first and second thin film transistors T 1  and T 2  respectively include top-gate type thin film transistors in which the first and second gate electrodes G 1  and G 2  of the first and second thin film transistors T 1  and T 2  are respectively arranged over the first and second semiconductor layers Act 1  and Act 2 . For example, the first and second thin film transistors T 1  and T 2  may respectively include bottom-gate type thin film transistors in which the first and second gate electrodes G and G 2  of the first and second thin film transistors T 1  and T 2  are respectively arranged below the first and second semiconductor layers Act 1  and Act 2 . 
     The storage capacitor Cst may at least partially overlap the first thin film transistor T 1 . In this case, the areas of the storage capacitor Cst and the first thin film transistor T 1  may be increased and a high-quality image may be provided. For example, the first gate electrode G 1  may serve as the first electrode CE of the storage capacitor Cst. For example, the storage capacitor Cst might not overlap the first thin film transistor T 1 . 
     The organic light-emitting diode  220  of the display layer  200  may include a pixel electrode  221 , an emission layer  222 , and an opposite electrode  223 . 
     The pixel electrode  221  may include a reflective layer including silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), or a compound thereof. The pixel electrode  221  may include the reflective layer and a transparent conductive layer on and/or under the reflective layer, the reflective layer including the above material. The transparent conductive layer may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), indium gallium oxide (IGO), or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the pixel electrode  221  may have a multi-layered structure of an ITO layer, an Ag layer, and an ITO layer that are sequentially stacked. 
     A pixel-defining layer  211  is arranged on the pixel electrode  221 . The pixel-defining layer  211  covers edges of the pixel electrode  221  and includes an opening that at least partially overlaps a central portion of the pixel electrode  221 . The pixel-defining layer  211  may include an organic insulating material such as benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide, or hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). 
     A spacer  213  may be formed on the pixel-defining layer  211 . The spacer  213  may prevent layers arranged under the spacer  213  from being damaged by a mask used during a process of forming the emission layer  222  described below. The spacer  213  may include the same material as the pixel-defining layer  211 . 
     The emission layer  222  may include, for example, an organic material. The emission layer  222  may include a polymer organic material or a low molecular weight organic material that emits light of a predetermined color (e.g. red, green, or blue color). A functional layer may be arranged on and under the emission layer  222 . The functional layer may include a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and/or an electron injection layer (EIL). 
     The opposite electrode  223  may include a conductive material having a relatively small work function. For example, the opposite electrode  223  may include a (semi) transparent layer including silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), or an alloy thereof. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the opposite electrode  223  may include silver (Ag) and magnesium (Mg). Alternatively, the opposite electrode  223  may further include a layer including a material such as ITO, IZO, ZnO, or In 2 O 3  on the (semi) transparent layer including the above material. The opposite electrode  223  may be provided as a single body to entirely cover the display area DA. 
     The thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may include an organic insulating material (e.g. a polymer) and a layer including a silicon carbon compound material. 
     A third encapsulation layer  330  may include a silicon compound material having a multi-layered structure. As shown in  FIG.  10 C , the third encapsulation layer  330  may include a first layer  331  and a second layer  332  including a silicon carbon compound material. 
     The first layer  331  may include an inorganic insulating material including, for example, silicon. The inorganic insulating material including silicon may include silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO x ), and/or silicon oxynitride (SiON). 
     The second layer  332  may include a silicon carbon compound material. The silicon carbon compound material may include a silicon carbon ternary compound material or a silicon carbon quaternary compound material. The silicon carbon ternary compound material may include, for example, silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ) including silicon, carbon, and oxygen. The silicon carbon quaternary compound material may include, for example, silicon, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. 
     For example, the silicon carbon quaternary compound material may include silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) containing carbon and hydrogen. The second layer  332  may include silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ) or silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) containing carbon and hydrogen. These materials may have characteristics similar to those of an organic material. 
     Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ) may have characteristics similar to those of an inorganic layer or characteristics similar to those of an organic layer depending on the content of carbon. Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ), according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, includes a material having a relatively large content of carbon and may have characteristics similar to those of an organic layer. 
     Silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) containing carbon and hydrogen may have properties similar to those of an inorganic layer when the composition ratio of x is large and have properties similar to those of an organic layer when the composition ratio of y is large. Silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) containing carbon and hydrogen according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a material including a relatively large content of carbon and may have characteristics similar to those of an organic layer. 
     An elastic coefficient of the second layer  332  may be less than an elastic coefficient of the first layer  331 . In an embodiment of the present disclosure, an elastic coefficient of silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) may be less than 10 GPa and be easily transformed and accordingly, as described with reference to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , even though the display area DA and/or the peripheral area PA is partially bent, the cracking issue caused by bending stress may be prevented or minimized. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, an elastic coefficient of silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) may be about 5 GPa to about 6 GPa, and an elastic coefficient of silicon nitride (SiN x ) may be about 11 GPa. 
     The first layer  331  and the second layer  332  may be alternately stacked and the first layer  331  may directly contact the second layer  332 . The first layer  331  and the second layer  332  may be formed by changing a layer-forming gas in the same chamber. For example, the first layer  331  may be formed by using atomic layer deposition (ALD), and the second layer  332  may be formed by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). 
     To prevent cracks caused by bending stress, the thickness of the second layer  332  may be greater than the thickness of the first layer  331 . In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickness of the second layer  332  may be about 500 Å to about 2000 Å. For example, the thickness of the second layer  332  may be about 500 Å to about 1000 Å. The thickness of the first layer  331  may be about 50 Å to about 300 Å. For example, the thickness of the first layer  331  may be about 100 Å to about 200 Å. 
     In the case where one first layer  331  and one second layer  332  correspond to 1 dyad, the third encapsulation layer  330  may have a stacked structure of 3 dyads or more, more suitably, 3.5 dyads or more. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, it is shown in  FIG.  10 C  that three pairs of the first layer  331  and the second layer  332  are stacked and one (e.g. the first layer  331 ) of the first layer  331  and the second layer  332  is stacked thereon. 
     It is shown in  FIG.  10 C  that the third encapsulation layer  330  includes the first layers  331  and the second layers  332  that are alternately stacked and the first layer  331 , which is a lowermost layer of the third encapsulation layer  330 , contacts a second encapsulation layer  320 . For example, the lowermost layer of the third encapsulation layer  330  may include the second layer  332 . In this case, the second layer  332  may contact the second encapsulation layer  320 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  9    again, a first encapsulation layer  310  may be located under the second encapsulation layer  320 . The first encapsulation layer  310  may include an inorganic insulating material and/or a silicon carbon compound material. A specific structure of the first encapsulation layer  310  is described below with reference to  FIGS.  11 A to  11 C . 
     The second encapsulation layer  320  may include an organic material, for example, an organic insulating material. The second encapsulation layer  320  may include a polymer-based material. The polymer-based material may include an acryl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, polyimide, and polyethylene. For example, the second encapsulation layer  320  may include an acrylic resin, for example, polymethylmethacrylate, poly acrylic acid, etc. The second encapsulation layer  320  may be formed by hardening a monomer or coating a polymer. 
     The touch sensing layer  400  may include a touch insulating layer and one or more conductive layers, the touch insulating layer including a first touch insulating layer  401 , a second touch insulating layer  403 , and a third touch insulating layer  405 . In an embodiment of the present disclosure,  FIG.  9    shows a first connection electrode  411  and a portion of the touch electrode  410 , the first connection electrode  411  being disposed on the first touch insulating layer  401 , and the touch electrode  410  being connected to the first connection electrode  411 . As described with reference to  FIG.  8 B , the first touch electrode  410  may include a hole  410 H at least partially overlapping the emission area of the organic light-emitting diode  220 . Though  FIG.  9    shows the first connection electrode  411  as a portion of the first conductive layer and shows the first touch electrode  410  as a portion of the second conductive layer, elements of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B  may be respectively located on the first touch insulating layer  401  and the second touch insulating layer  403 . 
     The first touch insulating layer  401  may include a silicon carbon compound material. For example, the first touch insulating layer  401  may include silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ) or silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) containing carbon and hydrogen and these materials may have characteristics similar to those of an organic material as described above. 
     It is shown in  FIGS.  9  and  10 A  that the first conductive layer, for example, the first connection electrode  411  of the first conductive layer is directly located on the first touch insulating layer  401 . In this case, the first conductive layer, for example, the first connection electrode  411  of the first conductive layer may directly contact the first touch insulating layer  401 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  10 B , an auxiliary layer  412  may be arranged on the first conductive layer, for example, a bottom surface of the first connection electrode  411  of the first conductive layer. In the case where the first touch insulating layer  401  includes silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ), adhesive force between the first touch insulating layer  401  and the first conductive layer (for example, the first connection electrode  411  of the first conductive layer) may be strengthened by the auxiliary layer  412 . 
     The auxiliary layer  412  is not entirely formed on the first touch insulating layer  401  and may have the same shape as the first conductive layer including the first connection electrode  411 . In this regard, the  FIG.  10    shows that the auxiliary layer  412  and the first connection electrode  411  have substantially the same shape or same pattern. Having the same shape or pattern means that a shape on a plane is the same and includes the case where a width is the same or the case where widths are different depending on a difference in an etched amount during a process. The auxiliary layer  412  may include, for example, an inorganic insulating layer such as a silicon nitride layer. 
     In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second touch insulating layer  403  may include a resin material as shown in  FIG.  10 C . For example, the second touch insulating layer  403  may include a single layer including an acryl-based material. The second touch insulating layer  403  may include an acryl-based material formed at low temperature (e.g. 100° C. or less). 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  10 D , the second touch insulating layer  403  may include a silicon carbon compound material, for example, silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ) or silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) containing carbon and hydrogen. 
     For example, the second touch insulating layer  403  may include an inorganic insulating layer (a third layer  403 A, hereinafter) and a fourth layer  403 B, the third layer  403 A including silicon, and the fourth layer  403 B including a silicon carbon compound material. 
     The third layer  403 A may include an inorganic insulating material, for example, an inorganic insulating material including silicon. The inorganic insulating material including silicon may include silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO x ), and/or silicon oxynitride (SiON). 
     The fourth layer  403 B may include a silicon carbon compound material, for example, silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ) or silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) containing carbon and hydrogen. As described above, the silicon carbon compound material may have characteristics similar to those of an organic material. 
     The second touch insulating layer  403  may have a structure in which the third layer  403 A and the fourth layer  403 B are alternately stacked. The thickness of the third layer  403 A may be less than the thickness of the fourth layer  403 B. 
     The third touch insulating layer  405  may include an organic insulating material (e.g. a resin material). For example, the third touch insulating layer  405  may include a single layer including an acryl-based material. The third touch insulating layer  405  may include an acryl-based material formed at low temperature (e.g. 100° C. or less). 
     As described with reference to  FIGS.  9  to  10 D , in the case where the first encapsulation layer  310 , the third encapsulation layer  330 , the first touch insulating layer  401 , and/or the second touch insulating layer  403  include a silicon carbon compound material, the cracking issue caused by bending stress may be prevented compared to the case where the first encapsulation layer  310 , the third encapsulation layer  330 , the first touch insulating layer  401 , and/or the second touch insulating layer  403  include only an inorganic insulating material. 
     Next, the peripheral area PA of  FIG.  9    is described.  FIG.  9    shows a second peripheral area PAS 2  including the bent area PAB of the peripheral area PA. 
     At least one inorganic insulating layer  208  arranged over the substrate  100  may include an opening  2080 P corresponding to the bent area PAB. The at least one inorganic insulating layer  208  may include the buffer layer  201 , the gate insulating layer  203 , the first interlayer insulating layer  205 , and/or the second interlayer insulating layer  207 . In an embodiment of the present disclosure, an opening  201   a  of the buffer layer  201 , an opening  203   a  of the gate insulating layer  203 , an opening  205   a  of the first interlayer insulating layer  205 , and an opening  207   a  of the second interlayer insulating layer  207  may at least partially overlap one another to constitute the opening  2080 P. A width OW of the opening  2080 P may be greater than a width of the bent area PAB. 
     An organic insulating layer  215  may be formed in the bent area PAB. The organic insulating layer  215  may at least partially fill the opening  2080 P of the inorganic insulating layer  208 . The organic insulating layer  215  may be formed only in the bent area PAB. The organic insulating layer  215  may include an organic insulating material such as benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide, or hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). 
     Because the at least one inorganic insulating layer  208  includes the opening  2080 P in the bent area PAB, the occurrence of cracks in the at least one inorganic insulating layer  208  caused by bending stress may be prevented or minimized. Because the organic insulating layer  215  may be arranged in the opening  2080 P and may absorb stress that occurs while bending occurs, the cracking issue may be prevented. 
     The thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may cover a portion of the peripheral area PA. A partition wall may be arranged in the peripheral area PA, the partition wall surrounding the display area DA. For example, it is shown in  FIG.  9    that a first partition wall PW 1  and a second partition wall PW 2  are between the display area DA and the bent area PAB. The first partition wall PW 1  may have a stacked structure including a plurality of partition wall layers. For example, the first partition wall PW 1  may include a first partition wall layer PL 1  and a second partition wall layer PL 2 . The first partition wall layer PL 1  and the second partition wall layer PL 2  may respectively include the same materials as the pixel-defining layer  211  and the planarization insulating layer  209 . Like the first partition wall PW 1 , the second partition wall PW 2  may include a stacked structure of a plurality of partition wall layers. 
     The first encapsulation layer  310  and the third encapsulation layer  330  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may extend toward the bent area PAB beyond the first partition wall PW 1  and the second partition wall PW 2 . The first encapsulation layer  310  and the third encapsulation layer  330  might not pass across the bent area PAB. For example, it is shown in  FIG.  9    that a first edge  300 E 1  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  is disposed between the display area DA and the bent area PAB, for example, an edge of the first encapsulation layer  310  and an edge of the third encapsulation layer  330  are disposed between the display area DA and the bent area PAB. The second encapsulation layer  320  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may be located on one side of a partition wall, for example, one side of the first partition wall PW 1 , and the first encapsulation layer  310  may contact the third encapsulation layer  330  in a region that neighbors the first edge  300 E 1  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  11 A , the first encapsulation layer  310  may have a structure different from that of the third encapsulation layer  330 . For example, the first encapsulation layer  310  may include an inorganic insulating material, for example, an inorganic insulating material including silicon. For example, the first encapsulation layer  310  may include silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO y ), and/or silicon oxynitride (SiON), and have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including the above materials. An edge portion of the first encapsulation layer  310  may contact an edge portion of the third encapsulation layer  330 . 
     As described with reference to  FIGS.  10 C and  10 D , the third encapsulation layer  330  may include the first layer  331  and the second layer  332 , the first layer  331  including an inorganic material, and the second layer  332  including a silicon carbon compound material. A specific structure thereof is the same as that described above. 
     In  FIG.  11 A , though the second layer  332 , which is a lowermost layer of the third encapsulation layer  330 , may directly contact the first encapsulation layer  310 , a lowermost layer of the third encapsulation layer  330  may include the first layer  331 , and the first layer  331  may directly contact the first encapsulation layer  310 . 
     The first layer  331  and the second layer  332  may be formed by using the same mask. For example, the first layer  331  and the second layer  332  may be formed while the mask reciprocates in the same chamber. Though the first layer  331  and the second layer  332  are formed by using the same mask, an edge of the second layer  332  and an edge of the first layer  331  may be located on different positions in an edge portion of the third encapsulation layer  330  by a diffusion rate of a layer-forming gas during a process. For example, as shown in  FIG.  11 A , an edge  331 E of the first layer  331  may extend further toward the peripheral area PA beyond an edge  332 E of the second layer  332 . Edges  3311 E of the first layers  331  arranged on and under the second layer  332  with the second layer  332  therebetween may contact each other. 
     The first touch insulating layer  401  may be located on the third encapsulation layer  330 , and as shown in  FIGS.  9  and  11 A , the first touch insulating layer  401  may extend toward an edge of the peripheral area PA beyond the first edge  300 E 1  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 , for example, edges of the first and third encapsulation layers  310  and  330 . The first touch insulating layer  401  may cover a top surface and a lateral surface of the third encapsulation layer  330 , and a lateral surface of the first encapsulation layer  310 . The first touch insulating layer  401  may include a silicon carbon compound material, and the second touch insulating layer  403  may include an organic insulating material, for example, a resin material including an acryl-based material. 
     Though it is shown in  FIG.  11 A  that the second touch insulating layer  403  includes an organic insulating material, the second touch insulating layer  403  may include a silicon carbon compound material such as silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ) as shown in  FIG.  11 B . For example, the second touch insulating layer  403  has a stacked structure of the third layer  403 A and the fourth layer  403 B as described above with reference to  FIG.  10 D , the third layer  403 A including an inorganic insulating material, and the fourth layer  403 B including a silicon carbon compound material. 
     Though it is shown in  FIGS.  11 A and  11 B  that the first encapsulation layer  310  includes an inorganic insulating material, referring to  FIG.  11 C , the first encapsulation layer  310  may have a structure similar to that of the third encapsulation layer  330 . 
     The first encapsulation layer  310  may include a silicon carbon compound material as shown in  FIGS.  11 C and  11 D . For example, the first encapsulation layer  310  may a fifth layer  311  and a sixth layer  312 , the fifth layer  311  including an inorganic insulating material, and the sixth layer  312  including a silicon carbon compound material. 
     The fifth layer  311  may include an inorganic insulating material, for example, an inorganic insulating material including silicon. The inorganic insulating material including silicon may include silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO x ), and/or silicon oxynitride (SiON). 
     The second layer  332  may include a silicon carbon compound material, and the silicon carbon compound material may include a silicon carbon ternary compound material or a silicon carbon quaternary compound material. The silicon carbon ternary compound material may include silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ), and the silicon carbon quaternary compound material may include silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) containing carbon and hydrogen. The silicon carbon compound material may have characteristics similar to those of an organic material. 
     The first encapsulation layer  310  may have a structure in which the fifth layer  311  and the sixth layer  312  are alternately stacked. Similar to that described with reference to  FIG.  11 A , an edge  311 E of the fifth layer  311  may extend further toward the peripheral area PA beyond an edge  312 E of the sixth layer  312 . In the case where one fifth layer  311  and one sixth layer  312  of the first encapsulation layer  310  correspond to 1 dyad, the first encapsulation layer  310  may have the number of stacked layers different from that of the third encapsulation layer  330 . Alternatively, the first encapsulation layer  310  may have the same number of stacked layers as that of the third encapsulation layer  330 . For example, the first encapsulation layer  310  may have a stacked structure of 3 dyads or more, and more preferably, 3.5 dyads or more. 
     As shown in  FIG.  11 C , the sixth layer  312  may be located in a lowermost layer of the first encapsulation layer  310 , or as shown in  FIG.  11 D , the fifth layer  311  may be located in a lowermost layer of the first encapsulation layer  310 . 
     Referring to the peripheral area PA of  FIG.  9    again, at least one insulating layer of the touch sensing layer  400 , for example, the first touch insulating layer  401  and/or the second touch insulating layer  403  may extend to pass across the bent area PAB and cover the bent area PAB. 
     Around the bent area PAB, the inner portion  431  of a trace line and the outer portion  432  of the trace line may be respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the bent area PAB. The connection portion  433  may extend to pass across the bent area PAB, the connection portion  433  connecting the inner portion  431  to the outer portion  432  of the trace line. 
     The inner portion  431  of the trace line shown in  FIG.  9    may include a portion of the trace line and have the same structure as the trace line. For example, similar to the trace line  430  (see  FIG.  7   ) including the first sub-trace layer  430 A and the second sub-trace layer  430 B that are described with reference to  FIG.  7   , the inner portion  431  of the trace line may include a first sub-layer  431 A and a second sub-layer  431 B. The first sub-layer  431 A and the second sub-layer  431 B shown in  FIG.  9    may respectively include portions of the first sub-trace layer  430 A and the second sub-trace layer  430 B described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the inner portion  431  of the trace line may include one of the first sub-layer  431 A and the second sub-layer  431 B. The trace line  430  (see  FIG.  7   ) may include the first sub-trace layer  430 A and the second sub-trace layer  430 B, and one of the first sub-trace layer  430 A and the second sub-trace layer  430 B may extend further toward the bent area PAB than the other. One of the first sub-trace layer  430 A and the second sub-trace layer  430 B that extends further toward the bent area PAB may constitute the inner portion  431 . 
     The inner portion  431  of the trace line may be connected to the connection portion  433  through a contact hole passing through insulating layers between the connection portion  433  and the inner portion  431 , for example, a contact hole passing through the first touch insulating layer  401  and the second touch insulating layer  403 . In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case where the inner portion  431  includes the first sub-layer  431 A and the second sub-layer  431 B, the second sub-layer  4311 B may be connected to the first sub-layer  431 A through a contact hole of the second touch insulating layer  403 , and the first sub-layer  431 A may be connected to the connection portion  433  through a contact hole of the first touch insulating layer  401 . For example, the inner portion  431  may include one of the first sub-layer  431 A and the second sub-layer  431 B, for example, include the second sub-layer  431 B. In this case, the second sub-layer  431 B may be connected to the connection portion  433  through a contact hole passing through the first touch insulating layer  401  and the second touch insulating layer  403 . 
     The connection portion  433  may be connected to the outer portion  432  through a contact hole passing through an insulating layer disposed between the outer portion  432  and the connection portion  433 , for example, through the second interlayer insulating layer  207 . Though it is shown in  FIG.  9    that the outer portion  432  is located on the same layer as the second electrode CE 2  of the storage capacitor Cst and includes the same material as the second electrode CE 2 , the outer portion  432  may be located on the same layer as the first electrode CE 1  of the storage capacitor Cst or the first and second gate electrodes G 1  and G 2  and may include the same material as the first electrode CE 1  of the storage capacitor Cst or the first and second gate electrodes G 1  and G 2 . 
     The connection portion  433  may include a flexible conductive material, for example, aluminum compared to the inner portion  431  and the outer portion  432 . For example, the connection portion  433  may include the same material as the data line DL and/or the drain electrode SD (or the source electrode) of the display area DA. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection portion  433  may have a three-layered structure of a titanium layer/an aluminum layer/a titanium layer. 
     An organic insulating material layer may be further arranged between the connection portion  433  and the first touch insulating layer  401  and/or on the second touch insulating layer  403 , the organic insulating material layer including a polymer. The organic insulating material layer may adjust a neutral surface of the display device. 
       FIG.  12    is a view illustrating a cross-section of a trace line passing across the peripheral area PA in the display device  1  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  12   , the trace line  430  may be located on the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  in a portion of the peripheral area PA, for example, the third peripheral area PAS 3 . The first sub-trace layer  430 A of the trace line  430  may be connected to the second sub-trace layer  430 B of the trace line  430  through a second contact hole CNT 2  formed in the second touch insulating layer  403 . The auxiliary layer  412  may be arranged under the first sub-trace line  430 A. 
     As described above, in the case where the first touch insulating layer  401  includes a silicon oxycarbide layer (SiOC y ), the auxiliary layer  412  is arranged between the first conductive layer and the first touch insulating layer  401 , and accordingly adhesive force between the first conductive layer, for example, the first connection electrode  411  and the first touch insulating layer  401  may be strengthened. The auxiliary layer  412  need not be entirely formed on the first touch insulating layer  401  and may be patterned to correspond to a bottom surface of the first sub-trace layer  430 A. The auxiliary layer  412  may include an inorganic insulating layer, for example, such as a silicon nitride layer. 
     The trace line  430  may at least partially overlap the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 , for example, the first to third encapsulation layers  310 ,  320 , and  330 . The first encapsulation layer  310  and the third encapsulation layer  330  may have the structure described above with reference to  FIGS.  11 A to  11 D . The specific structure may be the same as that described above. The trace lines  430  may be covered by the third touch insulating layer  405 . 
     Touch insulating layers of the touch sensing layer  400 , for example, one or more of the first to third touch insulating layers  401 ,  403 , and  405  may extend toward the edge of the display device  1  beyond a second edge  300 E 2  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 . 
     Though  FIG.  12    shows a structure in the third peripheral area PAS 3  of the peripheral area PA, the first peripheral area PAS 1  (see  FIG.  2   ) and/or the fourth peripheral area PAS 4  (see  FIG.  2   ) may have a structure that is at least similar to that as shown in  FIG.  12   . 
       FIG.  13    is a cross-sectional view illustrating the display device  1  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and  FIG.  14    is an enlarged view illustrating a region XIV of  FIG.  13   . 
     Characteristics including a structure of the display area DA and a connection structure around the bent area PAB in the peripheral area PA of  FIG.  13    are the same as those described above with reference to  FIGS.  9  to  12   .  FIG.  13    is different from  FIG.  9    in the structure of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  in the peripheral area PA. Like reference numerals are given to like elements, and differences are mainly described below. 
     The first encapsulation layer  310  and the third encapsulation layer  330  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may extend further toward the outer side than the second encapsulation layer  320 . For example, it is shown in  FIG.  13    that the edges of the first encapsulation layer  310  and the third encapsulation layer  330  extend further toward the bent area PAB beyond the edge of the second encapsulation layer  320 . 
     The first encapsulation layer  310  may at least partially overlap and contact the third encapsulation layer  330  in the peripheral area PA, wherein one of the edges of the first encapsulation layer  310  and the third encapsulation layer  330  may be closer to the display area DA than the other edge. For example, the edge of the third encapsulation layer  330  may be disposed between the first partition wall PW 1  and the second partition wall PW 2 , and the edge of the first encapsulation layer  310  may extend toward the outer side beyond the first partition wall PW 1  and the second partition wall PW 2 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  14   , the third encapsulation layer  330  may have a structure in which the first layer  331  and the second layer  332  are alternately stacked, the first layer  331  including an inorganic insulating material, and the second layer  332  including a silicon carbon compound material. 
     The first encapsulation layer  310  may be arranged along a lateral surface of a partition wall, for example, the second partition wall PW 2 . The edge of the first layer  331  and the edge of the second layer  332  may contact the first encapsulation layer  310 , the edge of the first layer  331  and the edge of the second layer  332  corresponding to the edges of the third encapsulation layer  330 . The edge  331 E of the first layer  331  may extend further beyond the edge  332 E of the second layer  332  located thereunder and the first layer  331  may directly contact a top surface of the first encapsulation layer  310 . In the case where the first encapsulation layer  310  includes an inorganic insulating material, the first layer  331  and the first encapsulation layer  310  may constitute a contact between inorganic insulating material layers. 
       FIG.  15    is a plan view illustrating the display device  1  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  15   , the display device  1  may include touch electrodes of an arrangement different from the touch electrodes of a touch input portion described with reference to  FIG.  6   , for example, the first and second touch electrodes  410  and  420 . As shown in  FIG.  15   , touch electrodes  440  arranged in a matrix configuration may be arranged in the display area DA. 
     Each of the touch electrodes  440  may be connected to the trace line  430 . Some of the trace lines  430  may pass across the display area DA. The trace lines  430  may extend across the bent area PAB in the second peripheral area PAS 2 . Each trace line  430  may include the inner portion  431 , the outer portion  432 , and the connection portion  433 , the inner portion  431  and the outer portion  433  being spaced apart from each other with the bent area PAB disposed therebetween, and the connection portion  433  connecting the inner portion  431  to the outer portion  432 . The connection portion  433  may include a conductive material that is more flexible than the inner portion  431  and the outer portion  432  and accordingly may prevent the trace lines  430  from being damaged by stress caused in the case where the bent area PAB is bent. The conductive material may be flexible and may include, for example, aluminum. 
     The touch electrodes  440  may have a mesh structure. As described above in the enlarged view illustrating  FIG.  8 B , each touch electrode  440  may have a mesh structure including a hole corresponding to an emission area of a pixel. The touch electrodes  440  may include metal, for example, molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and/or titanium (Ti) and include a single layer or a multi-layer including the above materials. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the touch electrodes  440  each may have a structure in which a titanium layer, an aluminum layer, and a titanium layer are sequentially stacked (Ti/Al/Ti). 
     Each touch electrode  440  may be provided as one body with the trace line  430 . For example, the touch input portion described with reference to  FIG.  6    may include the first and second conductive layers CML 1  and CML 2  (see  FIG.  7   ). In contrast, the touch input portion shown in  FIG.  15    may include a single conductive layer. Therefore, the touch electrodes  440  and the trace lines  430  may include the same material. 
       FIG.  16    is a cross-sectional view illustrating the display device  1  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,  FIG.  17    is an enlarged view illustrating a region XVII of  FIG.  16   , and  FIGS.  18 A to  18 C  are enlarged views of a region XVIII of  FIG.  16   . 
     First, referring to the display area DA of  FIG.  16   , the display layer  200  is arranged on the substrate  100 , and the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  is arranged on the display layer  200 . Specific configurations of the substrate  100 , the display layer  200 , and the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may be the same as those described above with reference to  FIG.  9   . For example, as shown in  FIG.  17   , the third encapsulation layer  330  arranged on the second encapsulation layer  320  including a polymer may include the first layer  331  and the second layer  332 , the first layer  331  including an inorganic insulating material, and the second layer  332  including a silicon carbon compound material. A specific structure thereof is the same as that described above. 
     Referring to  FIG.  17    and the display area DA of  FIG.  16   , the touch sensing layer  400  may include the touch electrode  440  and the third touch insulating layer  405 , the touch electrode  440  being disposed on the first touch insulating layer  401 , and the third touch insulating layer  405  covering the touch electrode  440 . Though the touch electrode  440  is shown as a portion of the conductive layer CML in  FIG.  15   , the trace line  430  may also include an element of the conductive layer CML and be located on the same layer (e.g. the first touch insulating layer) as the touch electrode  440 . 
     The first touch insulating layer  401  may include a silicon carbon compound material. For example, the first touch insulating layer  401  may include silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ) or silicon oxide (SiO x C y H z ) containing carbon and hydrogen. As described above, the silicon carbon compound material may have properties of an organic material. For example, the silicon carbon compound may be an organic layer. 
     The auxiliary layer  412  may be arranged on a conductive layer, for example, a bottom surface of the touch electrode  440  of the conductive layer. In the case where the first touch insulating layer  401  includes silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ), adhesive force between the first touch insulating layer  401  and the conductive layer formed thereon, for example, the touch electrode  440  of the conductive layer may be strengthened. The auxiliary layer  412  may be also arranged on a bottom surface of the trace line  430 . The auxiliary layer  412  is not entirely formed on the first touch insulating layer  401  and may be formed on only a bottom surface of the first connection electrode  411  and the trace line  430 . The auxiliary layer  412  may include an inorganic insulating layer, for example, a silicon nitride layer. For example, the auxiliary layer  412  may be omitted. 
     Next, referring to the peripheral area PA of  FIG.  16   , at least one inorganic insulating layer  208  including the opening  2080 P is arranged in the peripheral area PA, the opening  2080 P corresponding to the bent area PAB. The opening  2080 P may include the opening  201   a  of the buffer layer  201 , the opening  203   a  of the gate insulating layer  203 , the opening  205   a  of the first interlayer insulating layer  205 , and/or the opening  207   a  of the second interlayer insulating layer  207 . A width OW of the opening  2080 P may be greater than the width of the bent area PAB as described above. 
     The organic insulating layer  215  may be formed in the bent area PAB. The organic insulating layer  215  may at least partially fill the opening  2080 P of at least one inorganic insulating layer  208 . The organic insulating layer  215  may include an organic insulating material such as benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide, or hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). 
     The thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may cover a portion of the peripheral area PA. For example, it is shown in  FIG.  16    that the first edge  300 E 1  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  is between the display area DA and the bent area PAB. The second encapsulation layer  320  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may be arranged on one side of a partition wall, for example, the first partition wall PW 1 . The first encapsulation layer  310  and the third encapsulation layer  330  may extend toward the outer side beyond at least one of the first partition wall PW 1  and the second partition wall PW 2 . The first encapsulation layer  310  may contact the third encapsulation layer  330  in a region neighboring the first edge  300 E 1  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300 . Though it is shown in  FIG.  16    that the first and third encapsulation layers  310  and  330  and the first and second partition walls PW 1  and PW 2  have substantially the same structures as those described above with reference to  FIG.  9   , the structures of the first and third encapsulation layers  310  and  330  and the first and second partition walls PW 1  and PW 2  described above with reference to  FIGS.  13  and  14    may be located in the peripheral area PA of  FIG.  16   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  18 A , the first encapsulation layer  310  may include an inorganic insulating material, for example, an inorganic insulating material including silicon. For example, the first encapsulation layer  310  may include silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO x ), and/or silicon oxynitride (SiON). 
     The third encapsulation layer  330  may include the first layer  331  and the second layer  332 , the first layer  331  including an inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride (SiN x ) and silicon oxide (SiO x ), and the second layer including a silicon carbon compound material such as silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ). In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third encapsulation layer  330  may have a structure in which the first layer  331  and the second layer  332  are alternately stacked as described above with reference to  FIGS.  11 A to  11 C . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  18 B and  18 C , like the third encapsulation layer  330 , the first encapsulation layer  310  may include the fifth layer  311  and the sixth layer  312 , the fifth layer  311  including an inorganic insulating material, and the sixth layer  312  including a silicon carbon compound material. For example, the first encapsulation layer  310  may have a structure in which the fifth layer  311  and the sixth layer  312  are alternately stacked. A lowermost layer of the first encapsulation layer  310  may include the fifth layer  311  (see  FIG.  18 C ) or the sixth layer  312  (see  FIG.  18 B ). 
     In the peripheral area PA, the first edge  300 E 1  of the thin-film encapsulation layer  300  may be covered by an insulating layer of the touch sensing layer  400 , for example, the first touch insulating layer  401 . Because the first touch insulating layer  401  including a silicon carbon compound material such as silicon oxycarbide (SiOC y ) may have properties of an organic layer, the first touch insulating layer  401  may extend to pass across the bent area PAB. The first touch insulating layer  401  may be arranged on the connection portion  433  and may cover the connection portion  433 . 
     The inner portion  431  of the trace line shown in  FIG.  16    includes a portion of the trace line  430  (see  FIG.  15   ). The inner portion  431  of the trace line may be connected to the connection portion  433  through a contact hole passing through an insulating layer, for example, the first touch insulating layer  401  between the connection portion  433  and the inner portion  431 . The connection portion  433  may be connected to the outer portion  432  through a contact hole passing through an insulating layer, for example, the second interlayer insulating layer  207  between the outer portion  432  and the connection portion  433 . Though it is shown in  FIG.  16    that the outer portion  432  is located on the same layer as the second electrode CE 2  of the storage capacitor Cst and includes the same material as the second electrode CE 2 , the outer portion  432  may be located on the same layer as the first electrode CE of the storage capacitor Cst or the first and second gate electrodes G 1  and G 2  and may include the same material as the first electrode CE 1  or the first and second gate electrodes G 1  and G 2 . 
     The connection portion  433  may include a flexible conductive material, for example, aluminum compared to the inner portion  431  and the outer portion  432 . For example, the connection portion  433  may include the same material as the data line DL and/or the drain electrode SD (or the source electrode) of the display area DA. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection portion  433  may have a three-layered structure of a titanium layer/an aluminum layer/a titanium layer. 
     Though not shown in  FIG.  16   , an organic insulating material layer may be further arranged between the connection portion  433  and the first touch insulating layer  401  and/or on the second touch insulating layer  403 , the organic insulating material layer including a polymer. The organic insulating material layer may adjust a neutral surface of the display device. 
     Because the thin-film encapsulation layer and/or the touch sensing layer arranged in the display area and bent together with the display area include a silicon carbon compound material, a display device which may prevent damage caused by bending stress and effectively accomplish moisture transmission prevention is provided. However, it should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for limitation of the disclosure. 
     It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense and not necessarily limiting. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.