Patent Publication Number: US-2023158969-A1

Title: Methods for ballistic shock isolation of non hardened camera systems

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure generally relates to platform defense systems. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to ballistic shock isolation systems on a military platform. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to at least one apparatus for dampening and reducing ballistic shock to an optical instrument on a military platform. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Ballistic shock is a high-level shock that generally results from the impact of projectiles or ordnance on or near military platforms, such as armored combat vehicles. During these events, military platforms must be able to withstand these ballistics shocks from large caliber non-perforating projectiles, mine blasts, overhead artillery attacks, and other ballistic events while still retaining their combat mission capabilities. As such, the components and assemblies provided on these military platforms must be able to withstand these ballistics through certain mechanisms 
     Generally, military platforms may include optical instruments and/or devices systems (e.g., camera systems) for various reasons, including situational awareness and assisting the operator in providing adequate viewing capability when operating a military platform. Currently, military platforms commonly utilize multi-spectral systems that use long wave infrared with visible spectrum cameras, which limits the pool of selecting viable optical instruments to withstand against high-level shock. During military operations, these optical systems must be capable of withstanding high-level shock from ballistic devices while continuing to operate during the course of the military operations. As such, these optical systems must have shock requirements in order to prevent damage to internal components such as electronic circuit card assemblies, optics, and other components and devices provided inside of each optical instrument. However, these shock requirements limit the options available to adequately design cost effective optical systems. 
     Moreover, mechanical apparatuses and systems may be used to combat these issues for providing ballistic shock resistance to optical systems. In one instance, the optical systems may be mounted to rails separated by wound wire ropes for shock resistance. While this mechanical apparatus is viable for protecting electronics during a ballistic shock, the optical instrument may sway and oscillate in a dynamic (i.e., vibration) environment hampering the driver&#39;s ability to receive data from these optical instrument (i.e., cause motion sickness, disorientation, etc.). Further, the rail and wound wire rope apparatus may be ineffective at viewing distant object due to the optical instrument being loosely affixed between the rail and wound wire rope. Moreover, this rail and wound wire rope apparatus may lead to motion sickness or causing disorientation to the operator of the military platform when operating and driving said military platform. 
     SUMMARY 
     The presently disclosed apparatuses for ballistic shock isolation provide military platforms with mechanisms for dampening and isolating ballistic shock from optical instruments. The disclosed apparatuses may also reduce the swaying and oscillating of the optical instruments during non-ballistic events to prevent against motion sickness or disorientation when operating the military platform. As such, the apparatuses disclosed herein address some of the inadequacies of previously known techniques and apparatuses for combating against ballistic shock and oscillation of an optical system. 
     In one aspect, an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may provide an apparatus. The apparatus has a plate adapted to hold at least one optical device. The apparatus also has at least one dampening assembly having a first end operably engaged with the plate and an opposing second end operably engaged with a platform. The at least one dampening assembly further comprises: a housing; a shaft having a first end operably engaged with the plate and an opposing second end disposed inside of a housing, wherein the shaft is operably engaged with the housing and is adapted to be moveable relative to the housing; a plunger operably engaged with the second end of the shaft, wherein the plunger is adapted to control movement of the shaft inside of the housing via the check valve assembly; at least one biaser operably engaged with the housing and the plunger, wherein the at least one biaser is adapted to return the shaft to a neutral position after a ballistic event; and a stabilizing assembly operably engaged with the housing and the shaft, wherein the stabilizing assembly is adapted to maintain the shaft at the neutral position during non-ballistic events. 
     This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide at least one mount operably engaged with the platform; wherein the second end of the at least one dampening assembly is operably engaged with the at least one mount; and wherein the plate and the at least one dampening assembly are independently moveable relative to the platform during the ballistic event. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that the at least one bracket is operably engaged with a bottom surface of said plate, wherein the first end of the at least one dampening assembly is operably engaged with the at least one bracket of the plate; and wherein the at least one dampening assembly is independently rotatable relative to the plate and the platform. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide a check valve assembly adapted to reduce movement of the plate and the at least one optical device in response to a ballistic event generated by a ballistic device on or proximate the platform. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that the check valve assembly further comprises a first check valve operably engaged with a top surface of the plunger, wherein the first check valve is adapted to be moveable from a closed state to an opened state when the shaft is forced towards the plate; and an opposing second check valve operably engaged with a bottom surface of the plunger, wherein the second check valve is adapted to be moveable from a closed state to an opened state when the shaft is forced towards the platform. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that the at least one dampening assembly further comprises an opposing second biaser operably engaged with the housing and the plunger, wherein the second biaser is adapted to return the shaft to the neutral position after the ballistic event. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that the at least one biaser is disposed between a first end of the housing and a top surface of the plunger; and wherein the second biaser is disposed between an opposing second end of the housing and a bottom surface of the plunger. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that the stabilizing assembly further comprises a support arm operably engaged with an outer surface of the housing; and a ball detent mechanism operably engaged with the support arm, wherein the ball detent mechanism is adapted to operably engaged with a groove defined in the shaft to maintain the shaft at the neutral position during non-ballistic events. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that the housing further comprises an outer body having a first end and an opposing open second end, wherein the first end of the outer body is operably engaged with the shaft; and an inner body operably engaged with the outer body; wherein the inner body is adapted to be moveable through the open second end of the outer body and operably engaged with the platform. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that the housing further comprises a slot defined in the outer body between the first end and the open second end, wherein the slot is adapted to allow the stabilizing assembly be moveable inside of the slot; and an aperture defined in the inner body and aligned with the slot, wherein the aperture is adapted to allow the stabilizing assembly to be operably engaged with the inner body. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that the check valve assembly further comprises a first check valve operably engaged with a housing at a first inlet defined at a first end of the housing, wherein the first check valve is adapted to be moveable from a sealed state to an unsealed state; a second check valve operably engaged with the housing at a second inlet defined at a second end of the housing, wherein the second check valve is adapted to be moveable from a sealed state to an unsealed state; and a conveying member operably engaged with the first check valve and the second check valve, wherein the conveying member is adapted to transfer material between the first check valve and the second check valve based on the position of a plunger inside of the housing. 
     In another aspect, an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may provide a dampening assembly. The dampening assembly further comprises a housing; a shaft operably engaged with the housing, wherein the shaft is adapted to be moveable relative to the housing; a plunger operably engaged with the shaft, wherein the plunger is adapted to control movement of the shaft inside of the housing; at least one biaser operably engaged with the housing and the plunger, wherein the at least one biaser is adapted to return the shaft to a neutral position after the ballistic event; a check valve assembly disposed within the housing and adapted to control fluid movement within the housing in response to force from the biaser; and a stabilizing assembly operably engaged with the housing and the shaft, wherein the stabilizing assembly is adapted to maintain the shaft at the neutral position during non-ballistic events. 
     This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that the check valve assembly further comprises a first check valve operably engaged with a top surface of the plunger, wherein the first check valve is adapted to be moveable from a closed state to an opened state when shaft is forced towards the plate; and an opposing second check valve operably engaged with a bottom surface of the plunger, wherein the second check valve is adapted to be moveable from a closed state to an opened state when shaft is forced towards the platform. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that the check valve assembly further comprises a first check valve operably engaged with the housing at a first inlet defined at a first end of the housing, wherein the first check valve is adapted to be moveable from a sealed state to an unsealed state; a second check valve operably engaged with the housing at a second inlet defined at a second end of the housing, wherein the second check valve is adapted to be moveable from a sealed state to an unsealed state; and a conveying member operably engaged with the first check valve and the second check valve, wherein the conveying member is adapted to transfer material between the first check valve and the second check valve based on the position of a plunger inside of the housing. 
     In another aspect, an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may provide a method. The method comprises the steps of: providing a plate and at least one dampening assembly, wherein the plate is operably engaged with the at least one dampening assembly; effecting the plate, the at least one dampening assembly, and an optical device to be mounted to a platform; effecting a first dampening force to be exerted on the optical device, via the at least one dampening assembly, in a first direction in response to a ballistic event; effecting an opposing second dampening force to be exerted on the optical device, via the at least one dampening assembly, in an opposing second direction; and effecting the optical device to be maintained at a neutral position subsequent to the ballistic event. 
     This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide the steps of exerting a ballistic force on a shaft of the at least one dampening assembly; transitioning a first check valve of a plunger of the at least one dampening assembly from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of a housing of the at least one dampening assembly; moving the shaft from a neutral position to a transitioned position; exerting a first biasing force on the plunger, via at least one biaser, inside of the housing; transitioning a second check valve of the plunger from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of the housing; and moving the shaft from the transitioned position to the neutral position. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide the steps exerting a ballistic force on a shaft of the at least one dampening assembly; transitioning a first check valve of a plunger of the at least one dampening assembly from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of a housing of the at least one dampening assembly; moving the shaft from a neutral position to a transitioned position; exerting a first biasing force on the plunger, via a first biaser, inside of the housing for reducing travel of the shaft; transitioning a second check valve of the plunger from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of the housing; exerting a second biasing force on the plunger, via a second biaser, inside of the housing for readjusting position of shaft; and moving the shaft from the transitioned position to the neutral position. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that the step of maintaining the optical device at a neutral position further comprises a stabilizing assembly of the at least one dampening assembly maintaining a shaft of the at least one dampening assembly at the neutral position during non-ballistic events. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide the steps of exerting a ballistic force on a shaft of the at least one dampening assembly; transitioning a first check valve of a housing of the at least one dampening assembly from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of the housing; moving the shaft from a neutral position to a transitioned position; exerting a first biasing force on the plunger, via a first biaser, inside of the housing for reducing travel of the shaft; transitioning a second check valve of the housing from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of the housing; exerting a second biasing force on the plunger, via a second biaser, inside of the housing for readjusting position of shaft; and moving the shaft from the transitioned position to the neutral position. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide the steps exerting a third dampening force on the optical device, via a second dampening assembly, in a third direction; and exerting an opposing fourth dampening force on the optical device, via the second dampening assembly, in an opposing fourth direction. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Sample embodiments of the present disclosure are set forth in the following description, are shown in the drawings and are particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims. 
       FIG.  1    is a diagrammatic view showing a platform having at least one optical instrument operably engaged with at least one apparatus in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. 
       FIG.  2    is a side elevation view of the at least one optical instrument operably engaged with at the least one apparatus, wherein a shroud is operably engaged with the at least one apparatus and the platform. 
       FIG.  3    is a partial cross-sectional view of a plate and first and second dampening assemblies of the at least one apparatus shown in  FIG.  2   , wherein the shroud is removed. 
       FIG.  3 A  is an enlargement of the highlighted region labeled in  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  4    is an enlargement of the highlighted region labeled in  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  5    is an operational view of a ballistic device impacting and detonating at a rear end of the platform, wherein the ballistic device creates a ballistic force on the platform upon detonation. 
       FIG.  6 A  is an operational view of the at least one optical instrument and the at least one apparatus transitioning from a neutral position to a translated position due to the ballistic force created by the ballistic device on the platform, wherein the at least one apparatus is dampening the ballistic force on the at least one optical instrument 
       FIG.  6 B  is an operational view similar to  FIG.  6 A , but the at least one optical instrument and the at least one apparatus are transitioning from the translated position back to the neutral position via the at least one apparatus applying a dampening force greater than the dissipated ballistic force. 
       FIG.  7    is a partial cross-sectional view of a plate and first and second dampening assemblies of another apparatus operably engaged with an optical instrument. 
       FIG.  8    is a partial cross-sectional view of a plate and first and second dampening assemblies of another apparatus operably engaged with an optical instrument. 
       FIG.  9    is an exemplary method flowchart. 
    
    
     Similar numbers refer to similar parts throughout the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a military platform, a military ground vehicle, and/or an armored vehicle, which will generally be referred herein as a “platform” or a “ground vehicle.” The platform is indicated generally by the reference number  1 . It will be understood that the illustrated platform  1  is exemplary only and any type of platform, military platform, mobile platform, or stationary platform is contemplated to be represented by the illustrated platform. 
     Other types of platforms or ground vehicles that are represented by platform  1  may include light utility vehicles, light armored utility vehicles, armored combat support vehicles, armored personnel carrier vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles, main battle tank vehicles, or any other suitable type of platforms. In the illustrated embodiment, platform  1  is an armored tank vehicle. Additionally, the platform  1  may be vessel or a marine vehicle adapted to be used on a body of water. In addition, the platform  1  may be a platform capable of moving or a platform that remains stationary. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , the platform  1  includes a front end  1 A, an opposed rear end  1 B, and a longitudinal direction that is directed from the rear end  1 B to the front end  1 A. The platform  1  also includes a top end  10 , an opposed bottom end  1 D, and a vertical direction that is directed from the bottom end  1 D to the top end  10 . It should be understood that the directions of “front,” “rear,” “top,” “bottom,” “right,” “left,” and other directional derivatives applied herein are only used as a directional reference for the platform  1 , associated components and/or parts of the platform  1 , and other devices, instruments, or assembly positioned with the platform  1  described and illustrated herein. 
     The platform  1  also includes at least one optical instrument  2  disposed with the platform  1  for situational awareness and viewing of the surrounding environment. The at least one optical instrument  2  may be used to provide assistance to the driver of the platform  1  when operating and using the platform  1  during a military operation. In essence, the at least one optical device  2  provides a field of view “FOV” to the driver of the platform  1  so that the driver may be able to maneuver and drive the platform  1  during a military operation. In other exemplary embodiments, at least one optical instruments may be used for other operations based on various considerations, including defensive military operations, offensive military operations, and other operations of the like. In the illustrated embodiment, platform  1  includes four optical instruments  2  to assist the driver in maneuvering and driving platform  1  during a military operation. In other exemplary embodiments, a suitable number of optical instruments may be provided on a platform based on various considerations described herein. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , the platform  1  may include at least one apparatus, which will be generally referred to as  10 . The at least one apparatus  10  is operably engaged with the platform  1  via mounts  4  provided on the platform  1 . The apparatus  10  may include a plate  12  that operably engages with the at least one optical instrument  2 . The apparatus  10  may also include at least one dampening assembly  14  operably engaged with the plate  12  (described in more detail below) and the platform  1  via at least one platform mount  4  defining at least one through-hole  3 . As described in more detail below, the at least one dampening assembly  14  is adapted to reduce the movement of the plate  12  and optical instrument  4  from a ballistic event created by a ballistic device on the platform  1 . As used herein, a ballistic event on a platform includes direct collisions between ballistic projectiles as well as indirect collisions (ex. shockwaves) on or proximate the platform. In the illustrated embodiment, the apparatus  10  includes a first dampening assembly  14 A and an opposing second dampening assembly  14 B where each dampening assembly  14 A,  14 B is operably engaged with the plate  12  (described in more detail below) and the platform  1  via a first platform mount  4 A and an opposing second platform mount  4 B. In other exemplary embodiments, any suitable number of dampening assemblies may be operably engaged with a plate for dampening and absorbing a ballistic shock. Examples of a suitable number of dampening assemblies operably engaged with a plate for dampening and absorbing a ballistic shock include at least one dampening assembly, two dampening assemblies, a plurality of dampening assemblies, three dampening assemblies, four dampening assemblies, and other any suitable number of dampening assemblies may be operably engaged with a plate for dampening and absorbing a ballistic shock. 
     Still referring to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , a shroud  16  may be disposed about the apparatus  10  inside of a compartment  17  defined by the shroud  16 . The shroud  16  may be used to protect certain parts of the apparatus  10  from the external environment and external material surrounding the platform  1 . As such, the shroud  16  may be used to prevent the introduction of dust, dirt, and other contaminants or obstructions into the compartment  17  to allow the apparatus  10  to fully function by reducing the movement of the plate  12  and optical instrument  4  during a ballistic event on the platform  1 . Moreover, the shroud  16  may be made a flexible and/or resilient material that will not interfere with the motion of the optical instrument  2 , the plate  12 , and the dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B while still returning to its original shape upon the completion of ballistic events. In one exemplary embodiment, a shroud may be made from an elastomeric material in the shape of cone or similar shape. 
     While the at least one apparatus  10  may be provided on the platform  1  to dampen the movement of the at least one optical instruments  2 , any suitable number of apparatus may be provided on a platform to dampen any suitable number of optical instruments. In the illustrated embodiment of  FIG.  1   , five apparatuses  10  are included on the platform  1  for dampening the movement of an associated optical instrument  2  during a ballistic event. In the illustrated embodiment, a single optical instrument  2  is operably engaged with a single apparatus  10  on the platform  1 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  2 - 6 B , the apparatus  10  includes a first dampening assembly  14 A and an opposing second dampening assembly  14 B to dampen and reduce the movement of the plate  12  and optical instrument  4  from a ballistic event created by a ballistic device on or near the platform  1 . While the apparatus  10  may include the first and second dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B, any suitable number of dampening assemblies may be provided with at least one apparatus on a platform  1 . In one exemplary embodiment, an apparatus may include a first dampening assembly, a second dampening assembly, and a third dampening assembly to dampen and reduce the movement of the plate  12  and optical instrument  4  from a ballistic event created by a ballistic device on the platform  1 . In another exemplary embodiment, a first dampening assembly, a second dampening assembly, a third dampening assembly, and a fourth dampening assembly to dampen and reduce the movement of the plate  12  and optical instrument  4  from a ballistic event created by a ballistic device on the platform  1 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3   , the plate  12  may include a front end  12 A, an opposing rear end  12 B, and a longitudinal axis defined therebetween. The plate  12  may also include a top surface  20  that is configured to operably engage with the at least one optical instrument  2 . Any suitable mechanism may be used to operably engage the at least one optical instrument  2  with the plate  12 . Examples of mechanisms that may be used to operably engage at least one optical instrument with a plate include adhering, attaching, affixing, connecting, fastening, locking, linking, press-fitting, securing, welding, and any other mechanism that may be used to operably engage at least one optical instrument with a plate. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  3   , the plate  12  may also include an opposing bottom surface  22 . The plate  12  may have a front bracket  24 A that is operably engaged with the plate  12  along the bottom surface  22  of the plate  12  proximate to the front end  12 A of the plate  12 . The plate  12  may have an opposing rear bracket  24 B that is operably engaged with the plate  12  along the bottom surface  22  of the plate  12  proximate to the rear end  12 B of the plate  12 . Each of the front bracket  24 A and the rear bracket  24 B may define a through-hole  25 . Each through-hole  25  of the front and rear brackets  24 A,  24 B may extend through the respective bracket  24 A,  24 B orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the plate  12 . Such uses of the front and rear brackets  24 A,  24 B are described in more detail below. In other exemplary embodiments, front and rear brackets of a plate may have additional support structures for implementing multi-degree joints such as ball and socket joints or heim joints. 
     As discussed above, the apparatus  10  may include the first dampening assembly  14 A and the opposing second dampening assembly  14 B. The first and second dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B are configured to provide a dampening and/or reduction mechanism to the plate  12  and the optical instrument  2  during a ballistic event, which is described in more detail below. The first and second dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B are substantially similar to one another and are engaged with plate  12  in a mirrored-image orientation. Inasmuch as the dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B are substantially similar, the following description will relate to the first dampening assembly  14 A. It should be understood, however, that the description of the first dampening assembly  14 A applies equally to the second dampening assembly  14 B. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  3   , the first dampening assembly  14 A may include a housing  40  that has an inner body  40 A moveable disposed inside of an outer body  40 B of the housing  40 . As shown in  FIG.  3 A , the inner body  40 A may have a top end  41 A, an opposing bottom end  41 B, and a longitudinal axis defined therebetween. The inner body  40 A may also have a circumferential wall  42 A that extends from the top end  41 A to the bottom end  41  and disposed about the longitudinal axis of the inner body  40 A. The inner body  40 A may also have cross member  42 B operably engaged with the circumferential wall  42 A interior to the inner body  40 A and extends orthogonally relative to the longitudinal axis of the inner body  40 A. The circumferential wall  42 A may define a top opening  43 A at the top end  41 A of the inner body  40 A. The cross member  42 B may define a medial opening  43 B where a seal  44  is operably engaged with the cross member  42 B inside of said medial opening  43 B. The purpose and use of the seal  44  is described in more detail below. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  3 A , the inner body  40 A defines an upper chamber  45 A via the circumferential wall  42 A and the cross member  42 B where the upper chamber  45 A is defined between the top end  41 A of the inner body  40 A and the cross member  42 B. The inner body  40 A also defines a lower chamber  45 B via the circumferential wall  42 A and the cross member  42 B where the lower chamber  45 B is defined between the bottom end  41 B of the inner body  40 A and the cross member  42 B. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper chamber  45 A and the lower chamber  45 B are isolated from one another via the seal  44  disposed inside of the medial opening  43 B defined by the cross member  42 B. Such isolation between the upper chamber  45 A and the lower chamber  45 B is considered advantageous at least because fluid or material provided in the lower chamber  45 B cannot escape from the lower chamber  45 B to the upper chamber  45 A during use of the apparatus  10 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  3 - 6 B , the first dampening assembly  14 A and the second dampening assembly  14 B may use a pneumatic mechanism such that a volume of air is loaded into the lower chamber  45 B. While the first and second dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B may use a pneumatic mechanism, first and second dampening assemblies may use any suitable mechanism for dampening ballistic shock. Examples of suitable mechanisms for first and second dampening assemblies includes hydraulic mechanisms, magnetic mechanisms, friction lock mechanisms, and other suitable mechanisms for first and second dampening assemblies for dampening ballistic shock. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  3 A , the inner body  40 A may include a lower mount  46  that extends downwardly away from the bottom end  41 B of the inner body  40 A. The lower mount  46  may also define at least one through-hole  46 A that extends entirely through the lower mount  46  orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the inner body  40 A. In addition, a securement mechanism “SM” may operably engage the inner body  40 A to the first mount  4 A of the platform  1 ; the second dampening assembly  14 B is also operably secured to the second mount of the platform  1  via another securement mechanism “SM.” In the illustrated embodiment, the securement mechanism “SM” of each of the dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B is a retaining pin that passes through the first mount  4 A of the platform and the lower mount  46  of the inner body  40 A via the openings  5  and through-hole  46 A. In this illustrated embodiment, the securement mechanism “SM” being a retaining pin or similar device allows the first dampening assembly  14 A and the second dampening assembly  14 B to freely rotate relative to the platform  1  during a ballistic event. This free rotation is considered advantageous at least because the rotation allows the apparatus  10  to absorb the ballistic shock created by a ballistic device and to protect the optical instrument  2  and its associated electrical components and assemblies. However, other exemplary securement mechanisms of the like may be provided for operably engaging at least one dampening assembly with a platform. In one instance, a securement mechanism may be a ball and socket joint or a heim joint. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  3   , the inner body  40 A also defines an exterior surface  47 A that extends along the circumferential wall  42 A between the top end  41 A and the bottom end  41 B. The exterior surface  47 A operably engages with the outer body  40 B during dampening operations, which is described in more detail below. The inner body  40 A also defines an opposing interior surface  47 B that extends along the circumferential wall  42 A between the top end  41 A and the bottom end  41 B inside of the lower chamber  45 B. Such use of the interior surface  47 B is described in more detail below. Additionally, the inner body  40 A may define a side through-hole  48  between the top end  41 A and the cross member  42 B which extends entirely through the circumferential wall orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the inner body  40 A. Such use of the side through-hole  48  is also described in more detail below. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  3   , the outer body  40 B also include a top end  50 A, an opposing bottom end  50 B, and a longitudinal axis defined therebetween. The outer body  40 B may also include a surrounding wall  51  that extends from the top end  50 A to the bottom end  50 B. The surrounding wall  51  may also define a top aperture  52 A that is defined at the top end  50 A of the outer body  40 B. The surrounding wall  51  may also define a bottom aperture  52 B that is defined at the bottom end  50 B of the outer body  40 B where the bottom aperture  52 B has a diameter greater than the top aperture  52 A. The surrounding wall  51  may also define a cavity  53  that extends from the bottom end  50 B to the top end  50 A where the cavity  52  is accessible via the top aperture  52 A or the bottom aperture  52 B. The surrounding wall  51  may also define an internal surface  54  that extends from the bottom end  50 B to the top end  50 A. The internal surface  54  of the surrounding wall  51  operably engages with the exterior surface  47 A of the circumferential wall  42 A such that the inner body  40 A is able to slidably move or translate axially inside of the outer body  40 B during a dampening operation. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  3   , the surrounding wall  51  may also define a slot  56  that extends along the surrounding wall  51  parallel to the longitudinal axis of the outer body  40 B. The slot  56  provides fluid communication between the cavity  53  and the external environment surrounding the first dampening assembly  14 A. The slot  56  may have a top end  56 A disposed proximate to the top end  50 A of the outer body  40 B and an opposing bottom end  56 B disposed proximate to the bottom end  50 B of the outer body  40 B. Such use and purpose of the slot  56  is described in more detail below. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  3   , the first dampening assembly  14 A may include a shaft  60  that extends into both the inner body  40 A and the outer body  40 B of the housing  40  where the shaft  60  is operably engaged with the housing  40  and adapted to be movable relative to the housing  40 . The shaft  60  may have a top end  60 A, an opposing bottom end  60 B, and a longitudinal axis defined therebetween. The shaft  60  may include top mount  62  that is operably engaged with the front bracket  24 A of the plate  12  via an attachment mechanism “AM”; a shaft  60  of the second dampening assembly  14 B may be operably engaged with the rear bracket  24 B of the plate  12  via an attachment mechanism “AM.” In the illustrated embodiment, the attachment mechanism “AM” of each of the dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B is a retaining pin that passes through the front bracket  24 A of the platform and the top mount  62  of the shaft  60  via through-holes  25  of the front bracket  24 A and through-hole (not illustrated) of the top mount  62 . In this illustrated embodiment, the attachment mechanism “AM” being a retaining pin or a similar device allows the first dampening assembly  14 A and the second dampening assembly  14 B to freely rotate relative to the plate  12  during a ballistic event. This free rotation is considered advantageous at least because the rotation allows the apparatus  10  to absorb a ballistic shock created by a ballistic device and to protect the optical instrument  2  and its associated electrical components and assemblies. However, other exemplary attachment mechanisms may be provided for operably engaging at least one dampening assembly with a plate. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  3   , the shaft  60  may define a circumferential groove  64  positioned between the top end  60 A and the bottom end  60 B. The circumferential groove  64  extends into the shaft  60  in which the diameter of the circumferential groove  64  is less than the diameter of the shaft  60 . The use and purpose of this circumferential groove  64  is described in more detail below. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , the first dampening assembly  14 A may include a plunger  70  operably engaged with the bottom end  60 B of the shaft  60  where the plunger  70  is adapted to control the movement of the shaft  60  inside of the housing  40 , specifically inside of the lower chamber  45 B of the inner body  40 A of the housing  40 . The plunger  70  may include a top surface  70 A that is operably engaged with the bottom end  60 B of the shaft  60 , an opposing bottom surface  70 B, and a vertical axis defined therebetween. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  4   , the plunger  70  may define a first passageway  71  and an opposing second parallel passageway  72  relative to the vertical axis of the plunger  70 . 
     The first passageway  71  extends from a top opening  71 A defined at the top surface  70 A of the plunger  70  to a bottom opening  71 B defined at the bottom surface  70 B of the plunger  70 . In the illustrated embodiment, the first passageway  71  defines a first diameter “D 1 ” that extends from the top opening  71 A to a shoulder  73  defined inside of the first passageway  71  between the top and bottom surfaces  70 A,  70 B of the plunger  70 . The first passageway  71  also defines a second diameter “D 2 ” that extends from the bottom opening  71 B to the shoulder  73  defined inside of the first passageway  71  where the second diameter “D 2 ” is greater than the first diameter “D 1 ” as shown in  FIG.  4   . 
     Similarly, second passageway  72  extends from an upper opening  72 A defined at the top surface  70 A of the plunger  70  to a lower opening  72 B defined at the bottom surface  70 B of the plunger  70 . In the illustrated embodiment, the second passageway  72  defines a third diameter “D 3 ” that extends from the upper opening  72 A to a shoulder  73  defined inside of the second passageway  72  between the top and bottom surfaces  70 A,  70 B of the plunger  70 . The second passageway  72  also defines a fourth diameter “D 4 ” that extends from the lower opening  72 B to the shoulder  73  defined inside of the second passageway  72  where the fourth diameter “D 4 ” is less than the third diameter “D 3 ” as shown in  FIG.  4   . Such uses of the first and second passageways  71 ,  72  are described in more detail below. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  4   , the diameter of the plunger  70  is substantially equal to the inner diameter of the inner body  40 A to prevent the leakage or escapement of fluid or material around the plunger  70  during a dampening operation. In other words, the circumferential edge of the plunger  70  acts as a seal when operably engaging with the interior surface  47 B of the inner body  40 A to only allow the fluid or material to pass through either the first passageway  71  or the second passageway  72 . Such passage of fluid or material through one of the first passageway  71  or the second passageway  72  during a dampening operation is described in more detail below. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  4   , the plunger  70  may include a check valve assembly  74 . The check valve assembly  74  of the plunger  70  may include a first check valve  74 A operably engaged with the plunger  70  proximate to the bottom surface  70 B and the first passageway  71 . The check valve assembly  74  of the plunger  70  may also include an opposing second check valve  74 B operably engaged with the plunger  70  proximate to the top surface  70 A and the second passageway  72 . The first and second check valves  74 A,  74 B are configured to allow fluid or material to pass through one of the first and second passageways  71 ,  72  of the plunger  70  to dampen and reduce the ballistic shock created during a ballistic event, which is described in more detail below. The first and second check valves  74 A,  74 B are substantially similar to one another and are engaged with the plunger  70  in a mirrored-image orientation. Inasmuch as the check valves  74 A,  74 B are substantially similar, the following description will relate to the first check valve  74 A. It should be understood, however, that the description of the first check valve  74 A applies equally to the second check valve  74 B. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  4   , the first check valve  74 A may include a support arm  75  that extends downwardly from the bottom surface  70 B of the plunger  70 . The first check valve  74 A may also include a casing  76  that is operably engaged with the support arm  75 . As illustrated in  FIG.  4   , the casing  76  is aligned with the first passageway  71  and is partially disposed inside of the first passageway  71  through the bottom opening  71 B. The casing  76  may include a first end  76 A that is operably engaged with the support arm  75 . The casing  76  may also include an opposing second end  76 B disposed inside of the first passageway  71  and defining a lip  76 C extends laterally into the casing  76  defining a reduced opening. Still referring to  FIG.  4   , the first check valve  74 A includes a moveable ball  77  that includes a collar  77 A. The collar  77 A defines a larger diameter than the lip  76 C of the casing  76 , which is adapted to limit the movement of the ball  77  inside of the casing  76 . The first check valve  74 A may also include a biaser  78  that is operably engaged with the first end  76 A inside of said casing  76  and operably engaged with the ball  77 . Such engagement between the ball  77  and the biaser  78  provides a biasing mechanism to the ball  77  where the ball  77  is adapted to be moveable from a sealed position (see  FIGS.  4  and  6 B ) to an unsealed position ( FIG.  6 A ). The ball  77  may be moveable between positions when fluid and/or material pressure is exerted into the first passageway  71  at the top opening  71 A during a ballistic event. Such linear movement of the ball  77  for the first check valve  74 A is denoted by a double arrow labeled “LM 1 ” in  FIG.  4   . Such linear movement of the ball  77  for the second check valve  74 B is denoted by a double arrow labeled “LM 2 ” in  FIG.  4   . Such uses of the first and second check valves  74 A,  74 B during a ballistic event are described in more detail below. 
     While the first and second check valves  74 A,  74 B utilize spring-loaded mechanisms for sealing and unsealing positions, any suitable mechanism may be used to seal and unseal first and second check valves of a dampening assembly based on various considerations, including the size, shape, and configuration of the check valves, the amount of dampening and reduction of movement needed during a ballistic event, and other suitable considerations. Examples of suitable mechanisms used for sealing and unsealing first and second check valve of a dampening assembly include hydraulic mechanisms, friction mechanisms, magnetic mechanisms, electrical mechanisms, and any other suitable mechanisms used for sealing and unsealing first and second check valve of a dampening assembly during a ballistic event. 
     While the first and second check valves  74 A,  74 B are spring-loaded ball check valves, any suitable check valve may be used for a dampening assembly based on various considerations, including the size, shape, and configuration of the check valves, the amount of dampening and reduction of movement needed during a ballistic event, and other suitable considerations. Examples of suitable check valves used for a dampening assembly include diaphragm check valves, duckbill check valves, flapper check valves, in-line check valves, lift-check valves, pneumatic check valves, reed valves, swing check valves, and other suitable check valves for a dampening assembly. 
     While the first and second check valves  74 A,  74 B utilize a compression spring to bias the ball  77  between a sealed position and an unsealed position, any suitable spring or biaser may be used to bias a ball between a sealed position and an unsealed position for a check valve based on various considerations, including the size, shape, and configuration of the check valves, the amount of dampening and reduction of movement needed during a ballistic event, and other suitable considerations. Examples of suitable springs or biasers that may be used to bias a ball between a sealed position and an unsealed position for a check valve include tension or extension springs, torsion springs, constant springs, variable springs, flat springs, machined springs, serpentine springs, coiled or helical springs, volute springs, V-springs, and any other suitable springs or biasers that may be used to bias a ball between a sealed position and an unsealed position for a check valve. 
     While not illustrated herein, the plunger  70  may include a peripheral seal that extends along the outermost edge of the plunger  70 . During operation, the peripheral seal may prevent the escapement of liquid or gas along the outermost edge of the plunger  70  when the plunger  70  is transitioning inside of the interior housing  40 A. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3  and  6 A- 6 B , the first dampening assembly  14 A may include at least one biaser  80  that is operably engaged with the housing  40  and the shaft  60  where the at least one biaser  80  is adapted to return the shaft  60  to a neutral position (see  FIGS.  3 - 3 B and  6 B ) after a ballistic event. In the illustrated embodiment, the first dampening assembly  14 A may include an upper biaser  80 A that is operably engaged with cross member  42 B of the inner body  40 A and operably engaged with the top surface  70 A of the plunger  70 . In addition, the first dampening assembly  14 A may include an opposing lower biaser  80 B that is operably engaged with the bottom end  41 B of the inner body  40 A and operably engaged with the bottom surface  70 B of the plunger  70 . Each of the upper biaser  80 A and the lower biaser  80 B is a compression-type spring that exerts outwardly directed forces (see  FIGS.  6 A- 6 B ) to position the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  at the neutral position after receiving a ballistic force. Such uses of the biasers  80 A,  80 B during a ballistic event are described in more detail below. 
     While the upper biaser  80 A and the lower biaser  80 B are compression springs to bias the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  from a translated position (see  FIG.  6 A ) to a neutral position ( FIGS.  3 - 3 B and  6 B ), any suitable springs or biasers for upper and lower biasers may be used for biasing a shaft and a plunger from a translated position to a neutral position based on various considerations, including the size, shape, and configuration of the biasers, the amount of dampening and reduction of movement needed during a ballistic event, and other suitable considerations. Examples of suitable biasers to bias a shaft and a plunger from a translated position to a neutral position include tension or extension springs, torsion springs, constant springs, variable springs, flat springs, machined springs, serpentine springs, coiled or helical springs, volute springs, V-springs, and any other suitable springs or biasers to bias a shaft and a plunger from a translated position to a neutral position. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3   , the first dampening assembly  14 A may include at least one stabilizing assembly  90  that is operably engaged with the housing  40  and the shaft  60  where the at least one stabilizing assembly  90  is adapted to maintain the shaft  60  at the neutral position during normal, non-ballistic events. In other words, the at least one stabilizing assembly  90  maintains and stabilizes the shaft  60  during dynamic or vibration movements (e.g., driving the platform  1 ) to eliminate delayed motion sway to the driver of the platform when viewing through the optimal instrument  2 . In the illustrated embodiment, the first dampening assembly  14 A includes a single stabilizing assembly  90 . In other exemplary embodiments, any suitable number of stabilizing assemblies may be provided in a first dampening assembly based on various considerations, including the number of circumferential grooves defined in a shaft, the amount of dampening and reduction of movement needed during non-ballistic events, and other considerations of the like. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3   , the stabilizing assembly  90  includes a casing  91  that is operably engaged with the inner body  40 A inside of the through-hole  48  and operably engaged with the outer body  40 B inside of the slot  56 . In addition, the stabilizing assembly includes a spring-loaded ball detent  92  operably engaged with the casing  91  where the ball detent  92  is adapted to be moveable relative to the casing  91  (see  FIGS.  6 A and  6 B ). The ball detent  92  is also operably engaged with the shaft  60  inside of the circumferential groove  64  by creating a stabilizing mechanism between the stabilizing assembly  90  and the shaft  60 . In addition, the spring-loaded ball detent  92  may use a compression-type spring. 
     During non-ballistic events, the ball detent  92  maintains the shaft  60  at the neutral position due to the ball detent  92  remaining operably engaged with the shaft  60  inside of the circumferential groove  64  (see  FIGS.  3  and  6 B ). During ballistic events, however, the ballistic force created by a ballistic device on the platform  1  may overcome the spring tension of the spring-loaded ball detent  92  causing the shaft  60  to move from the neutral position to a translated position (see  FIG.  6 A ). As such, the shaft  60  may cause the spring-loaded ball detent  92  to transition away from the shaft  60  and into the casing  91  due to the circumferential groove  64  moving upwardly or downwardly away from the ball detent  92 . Once the ballistic force has dissipated and the spring tension is greater than said ballistic force, the spring-loaded ball detent  92  may operably engage with the shaft  60  inside of the circumferential groove  64  once the shaft  60  is returned to the neutral position (explained below) and the force of the spring-loaded ball detent  92  is greater than the force of the dissipated ballistic force. 
     While the stabilizing assembly  90  utilizes a spring-loaded mechanism for the ball detent  92 , any suitable mechanism may be used for a ball detent of a stabilizing assembly based on various considerations, including the size, shape, and configuration of the ball detent, the amount of stabilization and reduction of movement needed during a non-ballistic events, and other suitable considerations. Examples of suitable mechanisms used for a ball detent of a stabilizing assembly include hydraulic mechanisms, friction mechanisms, magnetic mechanisms, electrical mechanisms, and any other suitable mechanisms suitable mechanisms used for a ball detent of a stabilizing assembly. 
     While the spring-loaded ball detent  92  uses a compression spring to maintain the shaft  60  at the neutral position during non-ballistic events, any suitable spring or biaser for a ball detent may be used to maintain a shaft at a neutral position during non-ballistic events based on various considerations, including the size, shape, and configuration of the biaser, the amount of stabilization and reduction of movement needed during a non-ballistic events, and other suitable considerations. Examples of suitable springs or biasers for a ball detent used to maintain a shaft at a neutral position during non-ballistic events include tension or extension springs, torsion springs, constant springs, variable springs, flat springs, machined springs, serpentine springs, coiled or helical springs, volute springs, V-springs, and any other suitable springs or biasers for a ball detent used to maintain a shaft at a neutral position during non-ballistic events. 
     Having now described the components and assemblies of the apparatus  10 , the method of use and/or operation of the apparatus  10  is described below. 
     Prior to a ballistic event, the ball detent  92  of the stabilizing assembly  90  is operably engaged with the shaft  60  inside of the circumferential groove  64  (see  FIG.  6 A ). As described above, the stabilizing mechanism created between the ball detent  92  and the shaft  60  inside of the circumferential groove  64  allows the optical instrument  2  to be stabilized and maintained at a neutral position to prevent against swaying or oscillation. Such swaying or oscillation of at least one optical instrument  2  may result in motion sickness when the driver of the platform  1  is viewing through the at least one optical instrument  2  during non-ballistic events. In addition, a first length “M 1 ” of the top biaser  80 A and the second length “M 2 ” of the bottom biaser  80 B for the first dampening assembly  14 A are equal to one another in the neutral position (see  FIGS.  3  and  6 B ). Similarly, a first length “N 1 ” of the top biaser  80 A and the second length “N 2 ” of the bottom biaser  80 B for the second dampening assembly  14 B are equal to one another in the neutral position (see  FIGS.  3  and  6 B ). 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  5   , a ballistic event occurs upon the platform  1  via a ballistic device “BD” impacting the platform  1  from the front end  1 A. As such, the ballistic device “BD” may detonate on or proximate to the platform  1  generating a ballistic event or force/shock “BF” (i.e., generating an external force on or proximate the platform  1 ). During this event, each apparatus  10  provided on the platform  1  is adapted to absorb and dampen the ballistic force “BF” from the optical instrument  2  via the dampening mechanism created between the plate  12  and the first and second dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B. In other instances, the ballistic device “BD” may detonate and generate a ballistic force or shock “BF” proximate to or near the platform  1 . In other words, the ballistic device “BD” may detonate and generate a ballistic force or shock “BF” at a distance away from the platform  1  while still affecting the platform  1 . Such absorption and dampening of the ballistic force “BF” is considered advantageous at least because the reduction in force exerted on the optical instrument  2  may reduce the likelihood of damage and impairment of any electrical components, mechanical components, or other viable components provided in the optical instrument  2  that allows the optical instrument  2  to operate. 
     Upon receiving the external force from the ballistic device “BE”, an apparatus  10  that is positioned proximate to the front end  10 A of the platform  1  transitions from a neutral position ( FIG.  3   ) to a translated position ( FIG.  6 A ). In the translated position, the optical instrument  2  along with the plate  12  rotate towards the front end  1 A of the platform  1  upon receiving the ballistic force “BF” from the ballistic device “BD”, which is shown in  FIG.  5   . As illustrated in  FIG.  6 A , the front end  12 A of the plate  12  rotates towards the platform  1  and the first dampening assembly  14 A while the rear end  12 B of the plate  12  rotates away from the second dampening assembly  14 B due to the ballistic force “BF” being directed from the front end  1 A of the platform  1  towards the rear end  1 B of the platform  1 . The rotation of the plate  12  along with the optical instrument  2  from the neutral position to the translated position is denoted by arrows labeled “R 1 ” in  FIG.  6 A . 
     Still referring to  FIG.  6 A , the first dampening assembly  14 A and the second dampening assembly  14 B are configured to dampen and absorb the rotation and movement of the plate  12  and the optical instrument  2 . As for the first dampening assembly  14 A, the optical instrument  2  and the plate  12  apply a pressing force onto the top end  60 A of the shaft  60  causing the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  to transition downwardly towards the bottom end  41  B of the inner body  40 A. This vertical pressing force on the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  is denoted by an arrow labeled “VM 1 ” shown in  FIG.  6 A . This pressing force exerted by the optical instrument and the plate  12  also transitions the outer body  40 B along the inner body  40 A where the outer body  40 B is adapted to slidably move along the exterior surface  47 A of the inner body  40 A towards the bottom end  41  B of the inner body  40 A. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  6 A , the pressing force exerted by the optical instrument  2  and the plate  12  also transitions the second check valve  74 B of the first dampening assembly  14 A from the sealed position (see  FIG.  4   ) to the unsealed position where the ball  77  disengages the shoulder  73 . The unsealing of the second check valve  74 B causes the material inside of the inner body to enter the second passageway  72  through the lower opening  72 B and exit the second passageway  72  through the upper opening  72 A. As such, the material (i.e., air) loaded into the lower chamber  45 B of the inner body  40 A exerts a greater amount of force on the ball  77  than the biaser  78  causing the ball  77  to move away from the second passageway  72  and allowing material to escape through the plunger  70 . Additionally, no material is able to escape around the plunger  70  due to the outer diameter of the plunger  70  being substantially equal to the inner diameter of the inner body  40 A. Such transitioning of the second check valve  74 B allows the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  to move through the inner body  40 A at a regulated speed based on the diameters of the second passageway  72 , the compression strength of the biaser  78  operably engaged with the ball  77 , and the type of material or fluid loaded into the inner body  40 A. Moreover, the first check valve  74 A remains in the sealed position and directly abuts the shoulder  73  inside of the first passageway  71  due to the material exerting a force in the same direction of the compression force exerted by the biaser  78  on the ball  77 . 
     As the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  move towards the bottom end  41 B of the inner body  40 A, the lower biaser  80 B compresses from the neutral length “M 2 ” (see  FIGS.  3  and  6 B ) to a translated length “M 2 ′” that is less than the neutral length “M 2 .” In addition, the upper biaser  80 A expands from the neutral length “M 1 ” (see  FIGS.  3  and  6 B ) to a translated length “M 1 ” that is greater than the neutral length “M 1 .” In this position, the lower biaser  80 B is dampening and absorbing the pressing force exerted by the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  along with the pressing force exerted by the optical instrument  2  and the plate  12  to reduce the rotation and movement of the optical instrument  2 . The dampening and reduction of rotation and movement of the optical instrument  2  can be varied based on various structural configurations, including the compression strength of the lower biaser  80 B, the length of the lower biaser  80 B, and the positioning of the lower biaser  80 B. 
     As the shaft  60  and plunger  70  move towards the bottom end  41 B of the inner body  40 A, the ball detent  92  of the stabilizing assembly  90  disengages from the shaft  60  inside of the circumferential groove  64 . Such disengagement between the shaft  60  and the stabilizing assembly is caused by the pressing force exerted by the plate  12  and the optical instrument  2  being greater than the compression strength exerted on the ball detent  92 . As such, the ball detent  92  moves inwardly into the casing  91  and away from the shaft  60  causing the shaft  60  to freely move inside of the housing  40  to dampen the ballistic force “BF.” The inward horizontal movement of the ball detent  92  is denoted by an arrow labeled “HM 1 ” in  FIG.  6 A . 
     On the opposing side, the optical instrument  2  and the plate  12  exert a pulling force on the second dampening assembly  14 B (see  FIG.  6 A ). This opposing vertical pulling force on the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  of the second dampening assembly  14 B is denoted by an arrow labeled “VM 2 ” shown in  FIG.  6 A . This pulling force exerted by the optical instrument  2  and the plate  12  also transitions the outer body  40 B along the inner body  40 A where the outer body  40 B is adapted to slidably move along the exterior surface  47 A of the inner body  40 A away from the inner body  40 A. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  6 A , the pulling force exerted by the optical instrument  2  and the plate  12  also transitions the first check valve  74 A of the second dampening assembly  14 B from the sealed position (see  FIG.  4   ) to the unsealed position. The unsealing of the first check valve  74 A causes the material inside of the inner body  40 A to enter the first passageway  71  through top opening  71 A and exit the first passageway  71  through the bottom opening  71 B. As such, the material (i.e., air) loaded into the lower chamber  45 B of the inner body  40 A exerts a greater amount of force on the ball  77  than the biaser  78  causing the ball  77  to move away from the shoulder  73  and the second passageway  72  and allowing material to escape through the plunger  70 . Additionally, no material is able to escape around the plunger  70  due to the outer diameter of the plunger  70  being substantially equal to the inner diameter of the inner body  40 A. Such transitioning of the first check valve  74 A allows the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  to move through the inner body  40 A and towards the top end  41 A of the inner body  40 A at a regulated speed based on the diameters of the first passageway  71 , the compression strength of the biaser  78  operably engaged with the ball  77 , and the type of material or fluid loaded into the inner body  40 A. Moreover, the second check valve  74 B remains in the sealed position and operably engaged with the shoulder  73  due to the material exerting a force in the same direction of the compression force exerted by the biaser  78  on the ball  77 . 
     As the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  move towards the top end  41 A of the inner body  40 A, the upper biaser  80 A compresses from the neutral length “N 1 ” (see  FIGS.  3  and  6 B ) to a translated length “N 1 ′” that is less than the neutral length “N 1 .” In addition, the lower biaser  80 B expands from the neutral length “N 2 ” (see  FIGS.  3  and  6 B ) to a translated length “N 2 ′” that is greater than the neutral length “N 2 .” In this position, the upper biaser  80 A of the second dampening assembly  14 B is dampening and absorbing the pulling force exerted by the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  along with the pulling force exerted by the optical instrument  2  and the plate  12  to reduce the rotation and movement of the optical instrument  2 . The dampening and reduction of rotation and movement of the optical instrument  2  can be varied based on various structural arrangements, including the compression strength of the upper biaser  80 A, the length of the upper biaser  80 A, and the positioning of the upper biaser  80 A. 
     As the shaft  60  and plunger  70  move towards the top end  41 A of the inner body  40 A, the ball detent  92  of the stabilizing assembly  90  disengages from the shaft  60  inside of the circumferential groove  64 . Such disengagement between the shaft  60  and the stabilizing assembly  90  is caused by the pulling force exerted by the plate  12  and the optical instrument  2  being greater than the compression strength exerted on the ball detent  92 . As such, the ball detent  92  moves inwardly into the casing  91  and away from the shaft  60  causing the shaft  60  to freely move inside of the housing  40 . The inward horizontal movement of the ball detent  92  is denoted by an arrow labeled “HM 2 ” in  FIG.  6 A . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  6 B , the apparatus  10  transitions from the translated position to the neutral position when the absorption mechanism exerted by the first dampening assembly  14 A and the second dampening assembly  14 B is greater than the dissipated ballistic force “BF” shown in  FIG.  5   . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  4  and  6 B , the lower biaser  80 B applies an expansion force on the bottom surface  70 B of the plunger  70  that is greater than the ballistic force “BF” when the ballistic force “BF” has dissipated enough that the compression strength is greater than the ballistic force “BF.” As such, the lower biaser  80 B transitions from the translated length “M 2 ′” to the neutral length “M 2 ” causing the plunger  70  and the shaft  60  to move towards the neutral position. The vertical transitioning of the lower biaser  80 B causing the shaft  60  and plunger  70  to move upwardly is denoted by an arrow labeled “VM 1 ′” shown in  FIG.  6 B . Additionally, the upper biaser  80 A of the first dampening assembly  14 A also applies an expansion force on the top surface  70 A of the plunger  70  that is greater than the ballistic force “BF” when the ballistic force “BF” has dissipated enough that the compression strength is greater than the ballistic force “BF.” Similar to the lower biaser  80 B, the upper biaser  80 A transitions from the translated length “M 1 ” to the neutral length “M 1 ” causing the plunger  70  and the shaft  60  to be maintained at the neutral position. As such, the upper and lower biasers  80 A,  80 B are configured to return the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  to the neutral position upon the happening of a ballistic event. 
     As the shaft  60  and plunger  70  are moving back towards the neutral position, the first and second check valves  74 A,  74 B transition to different positions based on the pressure being exerted by the material inside of the inner body  40 A. During this transitioning period, the pushing force exerted by the lower biaser  80 B transitions the first check valve  74 A of the first dampening assembly  14 A from the sealed position (see  FIG.  4   ) to the unsealed position by disengaging the ball  77  from the shoulder  73 . The unsealing of the first check valve  74 A causes the material inside of the inner body  40 A to enter the first passageway  71  through top opening  71 A and exit the first passageway  71  through the bottom opening  71 B. As such, the material (i.e., air) loaded into the lower chamber  45 B of the inner body  40 A exerts a greater amount of force on the ball  77  than the biaser  78  causing the ball  77  to move away from the first passageway  71  and allowing material to escape through the plunger  70 . Additionally, no material is able to escape around the plunger  70  due to the outer diameter of the plunger  70  being substantially equal to the inner diameter of the inner body  40 A. Such transitioning of the first check valve  74 A allows the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  to move through the inner body  40 A and towards the top end  41 A of the inner body  40 A at a regulated speed based on the diameters of the first passageway  71 , the compression strength of the biaser  78  operably engaged with the ball  77 , and the type of material or fluid loaded into the inner body  40 A. Moreover, the second check valve  74 B of the first dampening assembly  14 A transitions from the unsealed position to the sealed position due to the material exerting a force in the same direction of the compression force exerted by the biaser  78  on the ball  77 . 
     As the shaft  60  and plunger  70  move towards the top end  41 A of the inner body  40 A, the ball detent  92  of the stabilizing assembly  90  operably engages with the shaft  60  inside of the circumferential groove  64 . Such engagement between the shaft  60  and the stabilizing assembly  90  is caused by the pressing force exerted by the plate  12  and the optical instrument  2  being less than the compression strength exerted on the ball detent  92  via the biaser of the stabilizing assembly  90 . As such, the ball detent  92  moves outwardly from the casing  91  and into circumferential groove  64  of the shaft  60  causing the shaft  60  to freely move inside of the housing  40 . The outward horizontal movement of the ball detent  92  is denoted by an arrow labeled “HM 1 ′” in  FIG.  6 B . 
     On the opposing side, the upper biaser  80 A of the second dampening assembly  14 B applies an expansion force on the top surface  70 A of the plunger  70  that is greater than the ballistic force “BF” when the ballistic force “BF” has dissipated enough that the compression strength is greater than the ballistic force “BF.” As such, the upper biaser  80 A transitions from the translated length “N 1 ′” to the neutral length “N 1 ” causing the plunger  70  and the shaft  60  to move towards the neutral position. The vertical transitioning of the upper biaser  80 A causing the shaft  60  and plunger  70  to move downwardly is denoted by an arrow labeled “VM 2 ′” shown in  FIG.  6 B . Additionally, the lower biaser  80 B of the second dampening assembly  14 B also applies an expansion force on the bottom surface  70 B of the plunger  70  that is greater than the ballistic force “BF” when the ballistic force “BF” has dissipated enough that the compression strength is greater than the ballistic force “BF.” Similar to the upper biaser  80 A, the lower biaser  80 B transitions from the translated length “N 2 ′” to the neutral length “N 2 ” causing the plunger  70  and the shaft  60  to be maintained at the neutral position. As such, the upper and lower biasers  80 A,  80 B are configured to return the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  to the neutral position upon the happening of a ballistic event. 
     As the shaft  60  and plunger  70  are moving back towards the neutral position, the first and second check valves  74 A,  74 B of the second dampening assembly  14 B transition to different positions based on the pressure being exerted by the material inside of the inner body  40 A. During this transitioning period, the pushing force exerted by the upper biaser  80 B transitions the second check valve  74 B of the second dampening assembly  14 B from the sealed position (see  FIG.  4   ) to the unsealed position by disengaged in the ball  77  from the shoulder  73 . The unsealing of the second check valve  74 B causes the material inside of the inner body  40 A to enter the second passageway  72  through lower opening  72 B and exit the second passageway  72  through the upper opening  72 A. As such, the material (i.e., air) loaded into the lower chamber  45 B of the inner body  40 A exerts a greater amount of force on the ball  77  than the biaser  78  causing the ball  77  to move away from the second passageway  72  and allowing material to escape through the plunger  70 . Additionally, no material is able to escape around the plunger  70  due to the outer diameter of the plunger  70  being substantially equal to the inner diameter of the inner body  40 A. Such transitioning of the second check valve  74 A allows the shaft  60  and the plunger  70  to move through the inner body  40 A and towards the bottom end  41  B of the inner body  40 A at a regulated speed based on the diameters of the second passageway  72 , the compression strength of the biaser  78  operably engaged with the ball  77 , and the type of material or fluid loaded into the inner body  40 A. Moreover, the first check valve  74 A of the second dampening assembly  14 B transitions to the sealed position due to the material exerting a force in the same direction of the compression force exerted by the biaser  78  on the ball  77 . 
     As the shaft  60  and plunger  70  move towards the bottom end  41 B of the inner body  40 A, the ball detent  92  of the stabilizing assembly  90  of the second dampening assembly  14 B operably engages with the shaft  60  inside of the circumferential groove  64 . Such engagement between the shaft  60  and the stabilizing assembly  90  is caused by the pressing force exerted by the plate  12  and the optical instrument  2  being less than the compression strength exerted on the ball detent  92 . As such, the ball detent  92  moves outwardly from the casing  91  and into circumferential groove  64  of the shaft  60  causing the shaft  60  to remain stationary inside of the housing  40 . The outward horizontal movement of the ball detent  92  is denoted by an arrow labeled “HM 2 ′” in  FIG.  6 B . 
     In combination, the first and second dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B are considered advantageous at least because the first and second dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B apply opposing dampening mechanisms to the optical instrument  2  and the plate  12  by reducing the rotation and movement in two axes. As described above, this dampening mechanism prevents against damaging or impairing electrical components, mechanical components, or other components of the optical instrument  2  during a ballistic event. As described above, any suitable number of dampening assemblies, such as the first and second dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B, may be used to dampen and absorb ballistic force from an optical instrument any suitable number of axes. 
       FIG.  7    illustrates another apparatus  110 . The apparatus  110  is similar to the apparatus  10  described above and illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 6 B , except as detailed below. The apparatus  110  includes a plate  112  that operably engages with an optical instrument, such as optical instrument  2 , and at least one dampening assembly  114 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the apparatus  110  includes a first dampening assembly  114 A and an opposing second dampening assembly  114 B. In other exemplary embodiments, any suitable number of dampening assemblies may be used for a single apparatus when dampening the movement and rotation of an optical instrument in more than one axis. Each of the first and second dampening assemblies  114 A,  114 B has a housing  140 , a shaft  160 , a plunger  170 , at least one spring  180 , and at least one stabilizing assembly  190  substantially similar to the first and second dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B of the apparatus  10  described above. Additionally, the first and second dampening assemblies  114 A,  114 B are substantially similar to one another and are engaged with plate  112  in a mirrored-image orientation. Inasmuch as the dampening assemblies  114 A,  114 B are substantially similar, the following description will relate to the first dampening assembly  114 A. It should be understood, however, that the description of the first dampening assembly  114 A applies equally to the second dampening assembly  114 B. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7   , the first dampening assembly  114 A may include a housing  140  that is substantially similar to the housing  40  described and illustrated above, except as detailed below. The housing  140  includes an inner body  140 A and an outer housing  140 B. The inner body  140 A may have a top end  141 A, an opposing bottom end  141 B, and a longitudinal axis defined therebetween. The inner body  140 A may also have a circumferential wall  142 A that extends from the top end  141 A to the bottom end  141 B and disposed about the longitudinal axis of the inner body  140 A. The inner body  140 A may also have cross member  142 B operably engaged with the circumferential wall  142 A interior to the inner body  40 A and extends orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the inner body  140 A. As illustrated in  FIG.  7   , the inner body  140 A also defines a lower chamber  145 B via the circumferential wall  142 A and the cross member  142 B that extends between the bottom end  141 B of the inner body  140 A and the cross member  142 B. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  7   , the inner body  140 A of the first dampening assembly  114 A may define an upper inlet  149 A that extends entirely through the circumferential wall  142 A and is proximate to the cross member  142 B. The inner body  140 A may also define a lower inlet  149 B that extends entirely through the circumferential wall  142 A and is proximate to the bottom end  141 B of the inner body  140 A. Each of the upper inlet  149 A and the lower inlet  149 B is in fluid communication with the lower chamber  145 B of the inner body  140 A. Such uses of the upper inlet  149 A and the lower inlet  149 B are described in more detail below. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  7   , the first dampening assembly  114 A may include an upper check valve  174 A that is operably engaged with the inner body  140 A inside of the upper inlet  149 A. The first dampening assembly  114 A may also include an opposing lower check valve  174 B that is operably engaged with the inner body  140 A inside of the lower inlet  149 B. In this illustrated embodiment, the check valves  174 A,  174 B are operably engaged with the housing  140  rather than the plunger  170  as described in apparatus  10  in  FIGS.  1 - 6 B . In this illustrated embodiment, the upper check valve  174 A and the lower check valve  174 B may be a two-way check valve for transporting fluid or material above and below the plunger  170  inside of the lower chamber  145 B. Any suitable two-way check valve or similar valve may be used herein for transporting fluid or material from a lower chamber and/or into a lower chamber. 
     Additionally, a conveying member  179  may be operably engaged with the upper check valve  174 A and the lower check valve  174 B where the upper check valve  174 A and the lower check valve  174 B are in fluid communication with one another. In the illustrated embodiment, the conveying member  179  may be a conduit or tubing component operably engaged with the upper check valve  174 A and the lower check valve  174 B. Any suitable conduit, tubing, or similar component may be used herein to operably engage with upper and lower check valves and to provide fluid communication between said upper and lower check valves. In other exemplary embodiments, any suitable number of conveying members may be used depending on various considerations, including the type of the check valve being used in a dampening assembly, the number of check valves provided in a dampening assembly, and other considerations of the like. In one exemplary embodiment, two conveying members may be operably engaged with a one-way check valve for transporting fluid above and below a plunger inside of an inner body. In another exemplary embodiment, at least one conveying member may be operably engaged with a two-way check valve for transporting fluid above and below a plunger inside of an inner body. 
     During operation, the conveying member  179  may be adapted to transport fluid or material between each of the upper check valve  174 A and the lower check valve  174 B based on the pressure exerted by the shaft  160  and the plunger  170  during a dampening operation. In one instance, the conveying member  179  may convey fluid or material from lower check valve  174 B to the upper check valve  174 A when the shaft  160  and plunger  170  collectively exert a downward force towards the bottom end  141 B of the inner body  140 . In this instance, the fluid or material provided below the plunger  170  flows into the lower check valve  174 B (due to the lower check valve  174 B moving to an unsealed position based on the material pressure), flows through the conveying member  179 , flows through the upper check valve  174 A (due to the upper check valve  174 A moving to an unsealed position based on the material pressure), and flows into the lower chamber  145 B above the plunger  170 . As such, a greater amount of material or fluid is provided above the plunger  170 . The fluid or material provided in the lower chamber  145 B may also flow from the upper check valve  174 A to the lower check valve  174 B (via the conveying member  179 ) when the shaft  160  and the plunger  170  collectively exert an upward force directed towards the top end  141 A of the inner body  140 . As such, a greater amount of material or fluid is provided below the plunger  170 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, a portion of the upper and lower check valves  174 A,  174 B and the conveying member  179  are disposed exterior to the lower chamber  145 B of the inner body  140 A. In other exemplary embodiments, any suitable configuration between upper and lower check valves and a conveying member may be used. In one exemplary embodiment, a portion of upper and lower check valves and a conveying member are disposed interior to a lower chamber of an inner body. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates an another apparatus  210 . The apparatus  210  is similar to the apparatus  10  and apparatus  110  described above and illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 7   , except as detailed below. The apparatus  210  includes a plate  212  that operably engages with an optical instrument, such as optical instrument  2 , and at least one dampening assembly  214 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the apparatus  210  includes a first dampening assembly  214 A and an opposing second dampening assembly  214 B. In other exemplary embodiments, any suitable number of dampening assemblies may be used for a single apparatus when dampening the movement and rotation of an optical instrument in more than one axis. Each of the first and second dampening assemblies  214 A,  214 B has a housing  240 , a shaft  260 , a plunger  270 , at least one spring  280 , and at least one stabilizing assembly  290  substantially similar to the first and second dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B of the apparatus  10  described above. Additionally, the first and second dampening assemblies  214 A,  214 B are substantially similar to one another and are engaged with plate  212  in a mirrored-image orientation. Inasmuch as the dampening assemblies  214 A,  214 B are substantially similar, the following description will relate to the first dampening assembly  214 A. It should be understood, however, that the description of the first dampening assembly  214 A applies equally to the second dampening assembly  214 B. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8   , the first dampening assembly  214 A omits the structural configuration of inner and outer bodies for housing  240 . Rather, the first dampening assembly  214 A uses a single, unibody housing  240  substantially similar to the structural configuration of the inner body  40 A described above and illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 6 B . As such, the housing  240  may operate substantially similar to the inner body  40 A of the housing  40  as described above. Still referring to  FIG.  8   , the at least one stabilizing assembly  290  is similar to the stabilizing assemblies  90 ,  190  as described above, excepted as detailed below. In the illustrated embodiment, a single stabilizing assembly  290  is provided with the first dampening assembly  114 A and the second dampening assembly  114 B. In other exemplary embodiments, any suitable number of stabilizing assemblies may be provided on a dampening assembly based on various considerations. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  8   , the stabilizing assembly  290  is operably engaged with an exterior surface  242 A of the housing  240  while still being adapted to maintain the shaft  260  at the neutral position during normal, non-ballistic events. The stabilizing assembly  290  includes a stabilizing arm  294  that is adapted to maintain a casing  291  and a spring-loaded ball detent  292  at a position to stabilize the shaft  260 . The stabilizing arm  294  may have a first end  294 A that is operably engaged with the housing  240  proximate to a top end  241 A of the housing  240 A. The stabilizing arm  294  may also have an opposing second end  294 B that is operably engaged with the casing  291  inside a cavity  295  defined by the stabilizing arm  294 . As such, a portion of the casing  291  may be disposed inside of the cavity  295 . While the structural configuration of the stabilizing assembly  290  is different from the structural configuration of the stabilizing assemblies  90 ,  190 , the stabilizing assemblies  90 ,  190 ,  290  provide a substantially similar stabilizing mechanism to a shaft during non-ballistic events. 
     In the embodiments described and illustrated herein, additional structural components and/or assemblies may be provided in any one of the embodiments or all of embodiments. 
     In one exemplary embodiment, at least one dampening assembly of an apparatus may include a bleeder valve operably engaged to any component of the at least one dampening assembly, including a housing or a plunger. The bleeder valve may be configured to transition from a closed position to an opened position during a high ballistic shock event to allow the plunger of the at least one dampening assembly to return to the neutral position once the high ballistic shock event is concluded. As such, the bleeder valve described above may be included into any of one of the apparatuses  10 ,  110 ,  210  described herein or illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8   . 
     In another exemplary embodiment, active control systems may be included into check valves and dampening components of an apparatus where the active control systems are adapted to control said check valves and dampening components in response to a ballistic shock input caused by a ballistic device. In other words, the active control systems may dampen and reduce the ballistic shock input via logic devices. As such, the active control systems may include programmable electronic logic controllers, accelerometers, and other devices of the like to control dampening of the apparatus upon receiving a ballistic shock input. 
     While the apparatus  10  described and illustrated herein is mounted on the platform  1 , an apparatus may be operably engaged with a platform is any suitable configuration based on various considerations, including type of platform using at least one apparatus, the overall footprint of the apparatus on a platform, and other various considerations. In one exemplary embodiment, an apparatus may be hung downwardly from a platform. In another exemplary embodiment, an apparatus may be hung laterally off of a side of a platform. 
     While the first and second dampening assemblies  14 A,  14 B are operably engaged at a bottom surface  22  of the plate  12  via front and rear brackets  24 A,  24 B provided on the bottom surface  22 , first and second dampening assemblies may be operably engaged along any suitable point or position of a plate. In one exemplary embodiment, first and second dampening assemblies may be operably engaged with a top surface of a plate via front and rear brackets provided on the top surface of the plate. In another exemplary embodiment, first and second dampening assemblies may be operably engaged between top and bottom surfaces of a plate via front and rear brackets provided between the top and bottom surfaces of the plate. 
       FIG.  9    illustrates a method  300 . An initial step  302  of method  300  comprises receiving a ballistic force created by a ballistic device on a platform. Another step  304  comprises exerting a first dampening force on the optical device, via at least one dampening assembly, in a first direction. Another step  306  comprises exerting an opposing second dampening force on the optical device, via the at least one dampening assembly, in an opposing second direction. Another step  308  comprises maintaining the optical device at a neutral position subsequent to the ballistic event. 
     In other exemplary embodiments, method  300  may include additional steps. Optional steps may further comprise exerting a ballistic force on a shaft of the at least one dampening assembly; transitioning a first check valve of a plunger of the at least one dampening assembly from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of a housing of the at least one dampening assembly; moving the shaft from a neutral position to a transitioned position; exerting a first biasing force on the plunger, via at least one biaser, inside of the housing; transitioning a second check valve of the plunger from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of the housing; and moving the shaft from the transitioned position to the neutral position. Optional steps may further comprise exerting a ballistic force on a shaft of the at least one dampening assembly; transitioning a first check valve of a plunger of the at least one dampening assembly from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of a housing of the at least one dampening assembly; moving the shaft from a neutral position to a transitioned position; exerting a first biasing force on the plunger, via a first biaser, inside of the housing for reducing travel of the shaft; transitioning a second check valve of the plunger from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of the housing; and exerting a second biasing force on the plunger, via a second biaser, inside of the housing for readjusting position of shaft; moving the shaft from the transitioned position to the neutral position. Another optional step may further comprise that wherein the step of maintaining the optical device at a neutral position further comprises a stabilizing assembly of the at least one dampening assembly maintaining a shaft of the at least one dampening assembly at the neutral position during non-ballistic events. Optional steps may further comprise exerting a ballistic force on a shaft of the at least one dampening assembly; transitioning a first check valve of a housing of the at least one dampening assembly from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of the housing; moving the shaft from a neutral position to a transitioned position; exerting a first biasing force on the plunger, via a first biaser, inside of the housing for reducing travel of the shaft; transitioning a second check valve of the housing from a sealed position to an unsealed position via material disposed inside of the housing; exerting a second biasing force on the plunger, via a second biaser, inside of the housing for readjusting position of shaft; and moving the shaft from the transitioned position to the neutral position. Optional steps may further comprise exerting a third dampening force on the optical device, via a second dampening assembly, in a third direction; and exerting an opposing fourth dampening force on the optical device, via the second dampening assembly, in an opposing fourth direction. 
     Various inventive concepts may be embodied as one or more methods, of which an example has been provided. The acts performed as part of the method may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments. 
     While various inventive embodiments have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and/or structures for performing the function and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and/or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the inventive embodiments described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the inventive teachings is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific inventive embodiments described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure. 
     The above-described embodiments can be implemented in any of numerous ways. For example, embodiments of technology disclosed herein may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. When implemented in software, the software code or instructions can be executed on any suitable processor or collection of processors, whether provided in a single computer or distributed among multiple computers. Furthermore, the instructions or software code can be stored in at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium. 
     Also, a computer or smartphone utilized to execute the software code or instructions via its processors may have one or more input and output devices. These devices can be used, among other things, to present a user interface. Examples of output devices that can be used to provide a user interface include printers or display screens for visual presentation of output and speakers or other sound generating devices for audible presentation of output. Examples of input devices that can be used for a user interface include keyboards, and pointing devices, such as mice, touch pads, and digitizing tablets. As another example, a computer may receive input information through speech recognition or in other audible format. 
     Such computers or smartphones may be interconnected by one or more networks in any suitable form, including a local area network or a wide area network, such as an enterprise network, and intelligent network (IN) or the Internet. Such networks may be based on any suitable technology and may operate according to any suitable protocol and may include wireless networks, wired networks or fiber optic networks. 
     The various methods or processes outlined herein may be coded as software/instructions that is executable on one or more processors that employ any one of a variety of operating systems or platforms. Additionally, such software may be written using any of a number of suitable programming languages and/or programming or scripting tools, and also may be compiled as executable machine language code or intermediate code that is executed on a framework or virtual machine. 
     In this respect, various inventive concepts may be embodied as a computer readable storage medium (or multiple computer readable storage media) (e.g., a computer memory, one or more floppy discs, compact discs, optical discs, magnetic tapes, flash memories, USB flash drives, SD cards, circuit configurations in Field Programmable Gate Arrays or other semiconductor devices, or other non-transitory medium or tangible computer storage medium) encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more computers or other processors, perform methods that implement the various embodiments of the disclosure discussed above. The computer readable medium or media can be transportable, such that the program or programs stored thereon can be loaded onto one or more different computers or other processors to implement various aspects of the present disclosure as discussed above. 
     The terms “program” or “software” or “instructions” are used herein in a generic sense to refer to any type of computer code or set of computer-executable instructions that can be employed to program a computer or other processor to implement various aspects of embodiments as discussed above. Additionally, it should be appreciated that according to one aspect, one or more computer programs that when executed perform methods of the present disclosure need not reside on a single computer or processor, but may be distributed in a modular fashion amongst a number of different computers or processors to implement various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     Computer-executable instructions may be in many forms, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. 
     Also, data structures may be stored in computer-readable media in any suitable form. For simplicity of illustration, data structures may be shown to have fields that are related through location in the data structure. Such relationships may likewise be achieved by assigning storage for the fields with locations in a computer-readable medium that convey relationship between the fields. However, any suitable mechanism may be used to establish a relationship between information in fields of a data structure, including through the use of pointers, tags or other mechanisms that establish relationship between data elements. 
     All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms. 
     “Logic”, as used herein, includes but is not limited to hardware, firmware, software and/or combinations of each to perform a function(s) or an action(s), and/or to cause a function or action from another logic, method, and/or system. For example, based on a desired application or needs, logic may include a software controlled microprocessor, discrete logic like a processor (e.g., microprocessor), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmed logic device, a memory device containing instructions, an electric device having a memory, or the like. Logic may include one or more gates, combinations of gates, or other circuit components. Logic may also be fully embodied as software. Where multiple logics are described, it may be possible to incorporate the multiple logics into one physical logic. Similarly, where a single logic is described, it may be possible to distribute that single logic between multiple physical logics. 
     Furthermore, the logic(s) presented herein for accomplishing various methods of this system may be directed towards improvements in existing computer-centric or internet-centric technology that may not have previous analog versions. The logic(s) may provide specific functionality directly related to structure that addresses and resolves some problems identified herein. The logic(s) may also provide significantly more advantages to solve these problems by providing an exemplary inventive concept as specific logic structure and concordant functionality of the method and system. Furthermore, the logic(s) may also provide specific computer implemented rules that improve on existing technological processes. The logic(s) provided herein extends beyond merely gathering data, analyzing the information, and displaying the results. Further, portions or all of the present disclosure may rely on underlying equations that are derived from the specific arrangement of the equipment or components as recited herein. Thus, portions of the present disclosure as it relates to the specific arrangement of the components are not directed to abstract ideas. Furthermore, the present disclosure and the appended claims present teachings that involve more than performance of well-understood, routine, and conventional activities previously known to the industry. In some of the method or process of the present disclosure, which may incorporate some aspects of natural phenomenon, the process or method steps are additional features that are new and useful. 
     The articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.” The phrase “and/or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims (if at all), should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with “and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” of the elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc. As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and/or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and/or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of” or “exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of.” “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law. 
     As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “at least one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and/or B”) can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc. 
     When a feature or element is herein referred to as being “on” another feature or element, it can be directly on the other feature or element or intervening features and/or elements may also be present. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being “directly on” another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements present. It will also be understood that, when a feature or element is referred to as being “connected”, “attached” or “coupled” to another feature or element, it can be directly connected, attached or coupled to the other feature or element or intervening features or elements may be present. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being “directly connected”, “directly attached” or “directly coupled” to another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements present. Although described or shown with respect to one embodiment, the features and elements so described or shown can apply to other embodiments. It will also be appreciated by those of skill in the art that references to a structure or feature that is disposed “adjacent” another feature may have portions that overlap or underlie the adjacent feature. 
     Spatially relative terms, such as “under”, “below”, “lower”, “over”, “upper”, “above”, “behind”, “in front of”, and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is inverted, elements described as “under” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “over” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “under” can encompass both an orientation of over and under. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated  90  degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. Similarly, the terms “upwardly”, “downwardly”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “lateral”, “transverse”, “longitudinal”, and the like are used herein for the purpose of explanation only unless specifically indicated otherwise. 
     Although the terms “first” and “second” may be used herein to describe various features/elements, these features/elements should not be limited by these terms, unless the context indicates otherwise. These terms may be used to distinguish one feature/element from another feature/element. Thus, a first feature/element discussed herein could be termed a second feature/element, and similarly, a second feature/element discussed herein could be termed a first feature/element without departing from the teachings of the present invention. 
     An embodiment is an implementation or example of the present disclosure. Reference in the specification to “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “one particular embodiment,” “an exemplary embodiment,” or “other embodiments,” or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least some embodiments, but not necessarily all embodiments, of the invention. The various appearances “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “one particular embodiment,” “an exemplary embodiment,” or “other embodiments,” or the like, are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiments. 
     If this specification states a component, feature, structure, or characteristic “may”, “might”, or “could” be included, that particular component, feature, structure, or characteristic is not required to be included. If the specification or claim refers to “a” or “an” element, that does not mean there is only one of the element. If the specification or claims refer to “an additional” element, that does not preclude there being more than one of the additional element. 
     As used herein in the specification and claims, including as used in the examples and unless otherwise expressly specified, all numbers may be read as if prefaced by the word “about” or “approximately,” even if the term does not expressly appear. The phrase “about” or “approximately” may be used when describing magnitude and/or position to indicate that the value and/or position described is within a reasonable expected range of values and/or positions. For example, a numeric value may have a value that is +/−0.1% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−1% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−2% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−5% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−10% of the stated value (or range of values), etc. Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. 
     Additionally, the method of performing the present disclosure may occur in a sequence different than those described herein. Accordingly, no sequence of the method should be read as a limitation unless explicitly stated. It is recognizable that performing some of the steps of the method in a different order could achieve a similar result. 
     In the claims, as well as in the specification above, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” “holding,” “composed of,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, as set forth in the United States Patent Office Manual of Patent Examining Procedures. 
     In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clearness, and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed. 
     Moreover, the description and illustration of various embodiments of the disclosure are examples and the disclosure is not limited to the exact details shown or described.