Patent Publication Number: US-6986501-B2

Title: Control element, especially a pneumatic valve

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   Priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. §119 of Austrian Patent Application No. A 220/98 filed Feb. 6, 1998. Priority is also claimed under 35 U.S.C. §365 of PCT patent application No. PCT/AT99/00030 filed Feb. 4, 1999. The PCT patent application was not published in English under PCT article 21(2). U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/601,752 filed Sep. 22, 2000, is a 371 of said PCT/AT99/00030 filed Feb. 4, 1999. This patent application is a divisional patent application under 35 U.S.C. 120 and 35 U.S.C. 121 of copending parent patent application Ser. No. 10/265,124 filed Oct. 4, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,676,107, which in turn is a divisional patent application under 35 U.S.C. 120 and 35 U.S.C. 121 of co-pending grandparent patent application Ser. No. 09/601,752 filed Sep. 22, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,494,432. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The invention relates to control elements. 
   2. The Prior Art 
   Control elements for media are known in many varieties, in particular pneumatic valves which consist of a valve body that has a plurality of openings and bores or channels. A control element is located in at least one bore or channel, which releases or closes one or several bores or channels depending on the switching position. Such a control element is linearly and relatively movably controlled in a channel and has an armature that projects from the body of the valve into a driving device. Such a means for the relative movement of moving elements consists of a coil, to which current is admitted and which by means of magnetic force moves the armature and thus the moving element in the bore or the channel. In addition to the drawback that such a structure comprises a multitude of individual components, which has a negative effect on the manufacture and assembly of such control elements, the high component of moving mass is an additional drawback, which in particular increases the switching time of such control elements. This in turn leads to unfavorable or uneconomical cycle times especially in connection with automated assembly installations. 
   The invention, furthermore, also relates to means for the relative movement between a moving element and a valve body. 
   Such means, which are known, are formed by coils, which are manufactured by winding a thin conductor on a cylindrical body. The body has a bore, with a cylindrical armature arranged therein. Said armature is connected with the moving element via a connecting element. The coil, i.e. the body provided with the winding of a thin conductor, and the part of the armature projecting into the bore of said body, are mounted in this connection outside of a control element. The drawback of such a means is substantiated by the fact that the increased mass of the moving element, such mass being increased by the armature, also prolongs the time required for the relative movement. If one wants to reduce in connection with such a means the required time, this can be achieved only by increasing the energy, which has an adverse effect on the operating costs and the useful life of such means. 
   The invention, however, also concerns a moving element. 
   Such moving elements are usually formed by pistons, which permit short switching times by virtue of their mass. 
   Finally, the invention also concerns a method of producing a relative movement between a moving element and a valve body, whereby known methods effect such a relative movement by exerting a tensile force or a force of pressure on the moving element, such forces being produced by generating electromagnetic forces acting on an intermediate element, which disadvantageously increases the switching times because of the mass of the intermediate elements. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Therefore, an object of the invention is to provide a control element that comprises a low number of individual components; a means for the relative movement between a moving element and a valve body; a moving element for a control element; and a method of generating a relative movement, which permit the shortest possible switching times and which can be realized with the smallest possible dimensions. 
   The object of the invention is achieved by the present invention. The surprising advantage in this connection is that the switching time and the kinetic energy are reduced by the arrangement and design of the means as defined by the invention, through which a substantially reduced cycle time and lower operating costs are realized especially in connection with automated manufacturing installations. 
   Advantageous is in this connection a further development of the invention, by which the operating costs and in particular the energy costs are reduced. 
   However, advantageous is also an embodiment, through which it is made possible to provide the control element with a small structural size. 
   A design variation offers the advantage that the structural size of the control element can be reduced further, as well as the possibility of actuating the control element in a rapid manner. 
   However, possible are also the variations, through which components of the control element are saved and the manufacturing costs of the control element are consequently reduced accordingly. 
   Favorable, however, is also a further development of the invention, by which media are prevented from exiting from the transmission element. 
   A design variation is advantageous because the generation of kinetic energy is facilitated in this manner in a simple way. 
   A design variation is advantageous because it permits building the control element in a compact form. 
   A further development of the invention offers the advantage that standard elements can be used for the structure of the control element, so that the manufacturing costs of the control element can be substantially reduced. 
   Favorable, however, is also a design variation because it makes it possible to individually, i.e. separately control the actors that are actuated by the control element or control elements. 
   Possible is also a further development, through which wear is reduced in a simple way and the manufacturing and maintenance costs are consequently reduced. 
   A design variation is advantageous because the moving element can be positioned with greater accuracy, and precise coordination of the switching times in the switching routes is facilitated. 
   A design variation is advantageous in that it is characterized by high flexibility with respect to the individual switching possibilities of the control element. 
   The further development offers the advantage that media are prevented from circulating when the moving element is in its closing position. 
   A further possibility is described, through which the structural size of the control element can be reduced further. 
   Advantageous is also a design variation, through which a double functionality of the control element is achieved with respect to the control of the flow and in regard to exact positioning possibilities. 
   It describes an advantageous variation that permits even more positioning accuracy of the control element or moving element. 
   Possible is also a further development of the invention, which provides a line connection with stop means which, when energy is admitted, exert an electromagnetic force on the moving element and thereby lock the latter in a predetermined position. 
   The design variation offers the advantage that line connections can be installed that will not obstruct the relative movement of the moving element. 
   In the embodiment, a line connection to the means is established in a simple way. 
   Favorable, however, is also a further development of the invention, through which it is possible to prevent an undesirable relative movement of the moving element resulting from pressure admission. 
   The features specified facilitate the installation of the control element in an advantageous way. 
   Advantageous, however, is also a design variation, through which a spring effect is achieved, so that additional means for the relative movement can be saved. 
   The further development of the invention represents advantageous measures, through which the structural size of the control element can be minimized further. 
   It describes a favorable variation through which any unintentional relative movement of the moving element is prevented. 
   A further development is advantageous in that free mobility of the moving element is assured in the released state of the holding and/or locking device. 
   It describes an advantageous design variation through which the energy requirement of the holding and/or locking device is reduced by controlling the heating elements in a way occurring in the form of a star. 
   Favorable embodiments are described, through which the volume of the flow passing through the control element can be varied in a simple way. 
   Possible, however, is also a variation, through which a corresponding transmission element can be associated with each heating element, and the control element can be easily installed in this way. 
   An embodiment is advantageous in that a line connection can be made in a simple way, and in that the installation or removal of the control element is facilitated further in this manner. 
   Advantageous in this connection is a further development, through which the manufacture of the control element is facilitated further. 
   The tightness and the centering of the moving element are assured in a simple manner by the design variation. 
   Favorable design variations are described, through which automatic resetting of the moving element is achieved when the volume of the cover changes. 
   However, possible is also a further development of the invention, through which a multitude of switching possibilities are created that are independent of each other, and moving elements are not influenced by means for other moving elements. 
   Advantageous is a variation, through which any unintentional axial movement of the moving element is prevented. 
   Advantageous in this connection is an embodiment, through which elastic resetting of the holding and/or locking device is achieved. 
   Another favorable variation is achieved, through which the holding and/or locking device can be reset by means of current. 
   The embodiment provides for a desirable elastic deformation of the holding and/or locking device, which makes locking or cancellation of the lock easy. 
   However, the object of the invention is achieved also by the features described. The advantage in this connection is that no additional elements have to be mounted on the outside of the control element, which means the dimensions and structural sizes of such means or control elements can be reduced. 
   The object of the invention, however, is achieved also by the features described. The surprising advantage gained in this connection is that the moving element has only a low amount of mass, which means switching positions can be changed in the shortest possible time. 
   Advantageous is in this connection the design variation, through which an over-dead point position of the moving element is created and any automatic change of the switching position is prevented. 
   The further development of the invention is advantageous in that good tightness is assured in the respective switching position. 
   Favorable further developments of the invention are described, which assure movement of the moving element with low energy expenditure. 
   Finally, the object of the invention is achieved also by the features described. It is advantageous in this connection that the kinetic force can be generated directly within the zone of the moving element, the result being a reduction of switching times. 
   Advantageous is in this connection also a design variation, through which switching times can be reduced further. 
   Advantageous is a further development of the invention in that it reduces the energy expenditure. 
   Possible is finally a design variation, through which it is possible to achieve exact positioning of the moving elements. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention is described in greater detail in the following with the help of the exemplified embodiments shown in the drawings, in which: 
       FIG. 1  shows a sectional face view of a control element as defined by the invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a sectional face view of another design variation of a control element as defined by the invention. 
       FIG. 3  is a sectional view of the control element cut along the lines III—III in FIG.  2 . 
       FIG. 4  shows a face view of a moving element of the control element as defined by the invention. 
       FIG. 5  shows another design variation of a control element as defined by the invention, shown by a sectional face view. 
       FIG. 6  shows the control element as defined by the invention cut along lines VI—VI in FIG.  5 . 
       FIG. 7  shows another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention, by a section view. 
       FIG. 8  shows another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention, by a sectional face view. 
       FIG. 9  shows the control element with a section along lines IX—IX in FIG.  8 . 
       FIG. 10  shows another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention by a sectional face view. 
       FIG. 11  shows the control element with a section along lines XI—XI in FIG.  10 . 
       FIG. 12  shows the control element with a section along lines XII—XII in FIG.  11 . 
       FIG. 13  shows a top view of a means for the relative movement. 
       FIG. 14  shows the means with a section along lines XIV—XIV in FIG.  13 . 
       FIG. 15  shows a means and a moving element by a sectional face view. 
       FIG. 16  shows another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention, by a sectional face view. 
       FIG. 17  shows the control element with a section along lines XVII—XVII in FIG.  16 . 
       FIG. 18  shows another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention, by a sectional face view. 
       FIG. 19  shows another sectional face view of another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention. 
       FIG. 20  shows another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention, by a sectional face view. 
       FIG. 21  shows the control element as defined by the invention with a section along lines XXI—XXI in FIG.  20 . 
       FIG. 22  shows a closing piece of the control element as defined by the invention, by a sectional side view. 
       FIG. 23  shows the closing piece by a section along lines XXIII—XXIII in FIG.  22 . 
       FIG. 24  shows a sectional face view of another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention. 
       FIG. 25  shows the control element with a section along lines XXV—XXV in FIG.  24 . 
       FIG. 26  shows another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention, by a sectional face view. 
       FIG. 27  shows another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention, by a sectional face view. 
       FIG. 28  shows a sectional face view of a holding and/or locking device of the control element. 
       FIG. 29  shows another embodiment of the holding and/or locking device by a sectional face view. 
       FIG. 30  shows another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention, by a sectional face view. 
       FIG. 31  shows the control element with a section according to lines XXXI—XXXI in FIG.  30 . 
       FIG. 32  shows a sectional face view of another design variation of the holding and/or locking device. 
       FIG. 33  shows the holding and/or locking device with a section according to lines XXXIII—XXXIII in FIG.  32 . 
       FIG. 34  shows the holding and/or locking device with a section according to lines XXXIV—XXXIV in FIG.  32 . 
       FIG. 35  shows a sectional side view of another design variation of the control element as defined by the invention. 
       FIG. 36  shows the control element with a section along lines XXXVI—XXXVI in FIG.  35 . 
       FIG. 37  shows the control element with a section according to lines XXXVII—XXXVII in FIG.  35 . 
       FIG. 38  is a schematic representation of a controlling device with a medium-actuated consumer. 
       FIG. 39  is another embodiment of the control element as defined by the invention, by a sectional side view; and 
       FIG. 40  shows the control element with a section according to lines XXXX—XXXX in FIG.  39 . 
   

   It has to be noted here that identical parts in the various embodiments of the invention are denoted by the same reference numerals or the same component designations, whereby the disclosures contained in the entire description can be applied within the same meaning to identical parts with identical reference numerals or identical component designations. Furthermore, individual features of the different exemplified embodiments shown may also in and by themselves represent independent solutions as defined by the invention. 
   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1  shows a control element  1  for pressure media, in particular for a pneumatic valve  2 . Said pneumatic valve is made of, for example metal or plastic and designed in the form of a square building stone. It has a preferably plane top side  3 , a bottom side  5  extending parallel with the top side and spaced from the latter by a height  4 , as well as the side surfaces  6  extending at right angles in relation to said top and bottom sides, whereby the two side surfaces  6  opposing each other and facing away from each other are spaced from one another by a length  7  measured at right angles in relation to the height  4 . The control element  1  preferably has a plurality of channels  8 . 
   At least one channel  3  is designed with a center axis  9  as the guiding device for at least one moving element  11 , said axis extending parallel with the top side  3  and/or bottom side  5 . Said channel  8  forming the guide device  10  is preferably designed in this connection as a distribution channel  12  for the medium. The bore axes  13  extend in the centers of the cylindrical channels  8 , for example at right angles in relation to the top side  3  and/or the bottom side  5 . The channel  8  extending from the top side  3  up to the distribution channel  12  is connected with a cylinder not shown, for example a pneumatic cylinder, for example via a connection thread  14  and hose connections not shown. From the bottom side  5 , two channels  8 , for example, project up to the distribution channel  12 , whereby a channel  8  is designed as a feed channel  15  and another channel  8  as an exhaust channel  16 . Said channels are spaced from each other by a spacing  17 , which is, for example halved by a secondary channel  18  forming a channel  8  reaching from the bore axis  13  from the top side  3  up to the distribution channel  12 . 
   The moving element  11  is limited in the direction parallel with the center axis  9  by the faces  19  extending at right angles in relation to said center axis. A sealing element  22  designed, for example in the form of a sealing layer or sealing ring extending concentrically around the center axis  9 , is defined in this connection by an inside diameter  23  extending concentrically around the center axis  9 , the latter defining the distribution channel  12 . If two sealing elements  22  are used, such elements are spaced in the direction of the center axis  9  by a spacing  24 , which, for example, has the same size as a channel diameter  25  of a channel  8 , such channel diameter extending concentrically in relation to the bore axis  13 . 
   Now, when the medium present in the pneumatic cylinder, for example the compressed air is to be exhausted from said cylinder via the secondary channel  18 , which is connected, for example with a pneumatic cylinder not shown, the collar  20  having the sealing elements  22  is in the shown closing position, in which the connection between the feed channel  15  and the distribution channel  12  and/or the secondary channel  16  is blocked by the sealing elements  22 . With the moving element  11  in said position, a connection is simultaneously established between the secondary channel  18  and the exhaust channel  16 . 
   For reducing flow resistances, the two collars  20  are connected via an intermediate element  26  that has a diameter  27  extending concentrically around the center axis  9 , said diameter being smaller than a collar diameter  28  measured parallel with said diameter  27 . The collars  20  are spaced by the intermediate element  26  to such an extent that the faces  19  are spaced by a spacing  29  measured parallel with the center axis  9 . With the moving element in the position in which it closes the feed channel  15 , a face  19  is preferably in a position in which it abuts a means  30  for the relative movement between the moving element  11  and the valve body, said means being arranged adjacent to the feed channel  15 . 
   Said means  30  is arranged in the valve body and is formed in the present exemplified embodiment by a transmission element  31  that has an elastically deformable cover  32 , which completely encloses an interior space  33 . The cover  32  has the outer surfaces  34  that are facing away from the interior space  33 , whereby one outer surface  34  is, in the shown closing position of the moving element  11 , in a position in which it abuts the face  19  of a collar  30 . A heating device  35  is located on another outer surface  34  or in the interior space  33 , said heating device preferably being formed by one or by a plurality of heating elements  36 , in particular the heating resistors  37 . Electrically generated heating energy is transmitted via said heating device  35 , which can form a means  30  as well, to the transmission element  31 , in particular to rapidly evaporating liquid that is located in the interior space  33 . With a light change in temperature, said liquid changes its state preferably from the liquid to the gaseous state and thereby causes the interior space  33  to increase its volume. 
   Said state is shown in the present exemplified embodiment in connection with a means  30  that is also located in the distribution channel  12  adjacent to the drain channel  16 . It can be seen in connection with said means, which is realized in the form of a transmission element  31  as well, that the outer surfaces  34  of the cover  32 , said outer surfaces extending approximately at right angles in relation to the center axis  9  and approximately parallel with each other, are spaced from each other by a distance  38  measured approximately parallel with the center axis  9 . Said distance  38  is greater than the distance  38  of the outer surfaces  34  of a cover  32  whose rapidly evaporating liquid located in the interior space  33  did not undergo any change in its state due to the action of thermal energy. This other means  30 , too, has a heating device  35  preferably formed by the heating resistors  37 , said heating device heating the rapidly evaporating liquid located in the interior space  33  and causing a change in the state of said liquid. 
   With rapidly evaporating liquids, said change in the state takes place in such a way that at the instant at which the state is changing, i.e. when with an increase in the volume of the interior space  33 , cooling takes place and the change in the state from liquid to gaseous is thus reversed, the distance  38  is reduced again and the interior space  33  is caused to assume again its original volume. The brief change in volume causes a pulse to act on the face  19  of the moving element  11 , causing the latter to be displaced in the distribution channel  12  that forms the guide device  10  for the moving element  11 . The oppositely arranged means  30 , which is not acted upon, then forms a damping device for the moving element  11 . 
   The distribution channel  12  is designed, for example in the form of a blind hole and, in a zone disposed adjacent to the side surface  6 , has a receiving element  39  for receiving a closing element  40 . Said closing element has, for example a threaded section  41  having an outside diameter  42  extending concentrically around the center axis  9 , said outside diameter being larger than the inside diameter  23  of the distribution channel  12  and approximately corresponding with a core diameter  43  of an inside thread  44  of the receiving element  39 . A surface  45  of the closing element  40 , said surface facing the distribution channel  12  and extending at a right angle in relation to the center axis  9  and defining the thread section  41  is overtopped by a preferably cylindrically shaped projection  46  in the direction of the distribution channel  12 , said projection having a projection diameter  47  extending concentrically around the center axis  9 , and a projection length  48  measured at a right angle in relation to said projection diameter. Said projection length spaces apart a front surface  49  extending at a right angle in relation to the center axis  9 . Now, the heating element described above, which is supplied with electrical current via a line  50 , is located on said front surface  49  and extends outwards in the projection  46  and within the zone of the threaded section  41 . 
   Furthermore, the thread section  41  has, for example a hexagon receptacle  51  shown by dashed lines, which makes it possible to more or less insert the closing element  40  with its projection  46  in the guide device  10 , i.e. in the distribution channel  12  and to thereby change a spacing  52  of the outer surfaces  34  of two transmission elements  31 , said outer surfaces facing each other. This, in turn, makes it possible to exactly adapt the closing or the opening position of the moving element  11  to the channels  8  and to prevent in this way incorrect distribution of the medium to the different channels  8 . Furthermore, the control element may have the monitoring elements  53 , as shown by way of example, which are realized, for example in the form of the inductive approximation switches  54  that monitor the position of the moving element  11 . 
   The jointly described  FIGS. 2  to  4  show another design variation of a control element  1  as defined by the invention. The control element  1  has in the distribution channel  12 —which is designed as the guide device  10 —the moving element  11 . The moving element  11 , which is shown in greater detail in  FIG. 4 , has the two faces  19  that are facing away from each other and define the moving element in the direction of the center axis  9 , said faces  19  being spaced from one another by the spacing  29 . 
   The moving element  11  has a plurality of collars  20  that are spaced from one another in the direction of the spacing  29 . Each two collars  20  are spaced from one another by a distance  55 , which is measured parallel with the spacing  29 . The collars  20  have a collar diameter  28  that is measured concentrically around the center axis  9 . The collars  20  spaced from each other by the distance  55  form a receiving groove  56  for the sealing elements  22 . Additional collars  20  are located spaced from the collars  20  of a receiving groove  56  by a spacing  57 , said additional collars forming the holding grooves  58  for a holding and/or locking device that is shown in greater detail in FIG.  3 . Collars  20  are located also in the end zones of the moving element  11  that are spaced from each other by the spacing  29 , whereby collars may form a receiving groove  56  for a sealing element  22  as well. The outer surfaces  34  of the covers  32  of the means  30  designed as the transmitting elements  31  are spaced from each other by the spacing  52 , which in the present exemplified embodiment corresponds with the spacing  29 . 
   The control element  1  in turn has a plurality of channels  8 , whereby a channel  8  projecting from the top side  3  to the distribution channel  12  is designed as a secondary channel  18 , whereas a channel  8  projecting from the bottom side  55  to the distribution channel  12  is designed as a feed channel  15 , and another channel as an exhaust channel  16 . In the distribution channel  12 , the above-mentioned holding and/or locking device  59  is located both in the intermediate zone between the feed channel  15  and the secondary channel  18 , and between the exhaust channel  16  and the secondary channel  18 . 
   Said holding and/or locking device is shown in detail in FIG.  33  and has a heating device  35  concentrically extending around the center axis  9 . Said heating device is structured from a plurality of heating elements  36  that are arranged on an inner surface  60  defining the distribution channel  12  in the direction of the center axis  9 . Said heating elements are successively arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner surface  60  and are formed, for example by the heating resistors  37 . The moving elements  11  are located on an inner side  61  defining the heating elements  36  in the direction of the center axis  9 , whereby one moving element  1  is preferably associated with each heating element  36 . Said moving elements  11  have the covers  32  defining the inner spaces  33  in which a readily evaporating liquid is located. 
   Now, when thermal energy is admitted to a moving element  11  by means of the heating element  36 , the liquid contained in the inner space  33  evaporates and the cover  32  expands, whereby said process takes place, for example simultaneously with two moving elements  11  opposing each other diametrically. In the expanded condition, the surfaces  62  of the moving elements  11  opposing each other diametrically, said surfaces  62  facing each other, are spaced from one another by a spacing  63  that is greater than the diameter  27  of the intermediate elements  26  of the moving element  11  shown in  FIG. 4 , which are spaced from each other by the collars  20 . However, the spacing  62  is smaller than the collar diameter  28 , so that for example two moving elements  11  opposing each other diametrically as shown in  FIG. 3  engage the holding groove  58  and in this way prevent the moving element  11  shown in  FIG. 4  from axially moving in the direction of the center axis  9 . 
   Since the expansion of the cover  32  takes place for just a moment, the moving elements  11  arranged over the inner circumference of the inner side  61  of the heating device  35 , i.e. the heating elements  36  associated with said moving elements are successively controlled, so that for example only two covers  32  opposing each other diametrically expand for a short time. However, due to such successive control, two of the covers  32  opposing each other are always expanded, so that the piston-shaped moving element  11  shown in  FIG. 4  is always locked without the risk of any thermal destruction of the moving elements  11  or their covers  32  shown in FIG.  3 . The holding and/or locking devices  59  are arranged in the distribution channel  11  with such a spacing from each other that when the piston-shaped moving element  11  is in a position in which it prevents flow connection between the feed channel  15  and the secondary channel  18 , a holding and/or locking device  59  engages a holding groove  58 , whereas when the piston-shaped moving element  11  is in a position in which it prevents flow connection between the exhaust channel  16  and the secondary channel  18 , another holding and/or locking device engages another holding groove  58  of the piston-shaped moving element  11 . 
   The jointly described  FIGS. 5 and 6  show another design variation of a control element  1  for media, in particular a pneumatic valve  2 . The latter has a distribution channel  12  that has the center axis  9  and which is defined by the inside diameter  23  extending around the center axis  9 . 
   The control element  1  has a plurality of channels  8 , whereby one channel  8  is designed as a feed channel  15  and another channel  8  extending parallel with said channel is designed as an exhaust channel  16 . Said channels have the bore axes  13 , which extend parallel with each other and at right angles in relation to the center axis  9  and with a spacing  17  that is measured parallel with said center axis. Furthermore, said channels extend from the top side  3  up to the distribution channel  12  and, within the zone of the top side  3 , have the connection thread  14 . The secondary channel  18  extends by about the spacing  17  at right angles in relation to the center axis  9  and the bore axes  13 , from a back side  64  extending at a right angle in relation to the top side  3 , also up to the distribution channel  12 . For example two moving elements  11  are located in the distribution channel  12 , whereby one moving element  11  is associated with the feed channel  15  and one moving element  11  with the exhaust channel  16 . In the present exemplified embodiment, the moving elements  11  are formed by drops of liquid, which are forcibly guided in a cage-like housing  65 . 
   The housing  65  consists of a jacket  66  concentrically extending around the center axis  9  and the preferably plate-like face parts  67  extending at right angles in relation to the center axis  9 , said face parts being spaced from each other by a width  68  that is measured parallel with the center axis  9 . Said width is equal to or greater than the channel diameter  25  of the feed channel  15  and/or the exhaust channel  16  and approximately forms a width  69  of the drop-shaped moving element  11 . The housing  65 , and particularly the jacket  66  and the face parts  67  have the openings  70  permitting the medium to flow through. The means  30  for the relative movement and/or deformation of the moving element  11  are arranged opposite the feed channel  15  and/or the exhaust channel  16 . In the present exemplified embodiment, said means are realized in the form of the wave energy sources  71  and/or the wave generators  72 , in particular in the form of the microwave generators  73 . 
   Said microwave generators have the axes  74  extending parallel with each other and preferably are arranged aligned with the bore axes  13  of the feed channel  15  and the exhaust channel  16 . Now, if, for example, the exhaust channel  16  is to be blocked, i.e. if a flow passage is to be made available from the feed channel  15  to the secondary channel  18 , a microwave generator  73  is acted upon, for example via a central connection line  75  and a plug  76 . The moving element  11  is lifted off by the wave energy and, moved in the direction of the exhaust channel  16 , which is closed thereby. It is, of course, possible also to use instead of the moving element  11  a transmission element  31  as described in  FIG. 1 , of which the volume is changed by admitting microwave energy, and which thereby closes one of several of the channels  8 . 
   The wave energy sources  71  are screwed into a threaded bore  77 . In the present exemplified embodiment, the distribution channel  12  is realized in the form of a passage opening, whereby the receiving elements  39  for receiving the closing elements  40  are arranged within the zone of the side surfaces  6 . Said receiving elements have the threaded sections  41  via which the closing elements  40  are screwed into the receiving elements  39 . The present design variation offers the advantage that both the feed channel  15  and the exhaust channel  16  can be closed simultaneously. 
     FIG. 7  shows another variation of the control element  1  as defined by the invention, in particular of the pneumatic valve  2 . Said pneumatic valve is defined by the top side  3 , the bottom side  5  extending parallel with said top side, facing away from the latter, and by the side surfaces  6  extending parallel with each other. The center axis  9  extends parallel with the top aside  3  or bottom side  55 , and the inside diameter  23  of the distribution channel  12 , which is realized as a guide device  10 , is concentrically arranged around said center axis  9 . The secondary channel  18  extends with the bore axis  13  from the top side  3 , extending at a right angle in relation to the center axis  9 , said secondary channel having the connection thread  14  within the zone of the top side  3 . The channels  8  extend, for example from the bottom side  5  with the bore axes  13  at right angles in relation to the center axis  9 , whereby one channel  8  is realized as the feed channel  15  and another channel  8  as the exhaust channel  16 . The feed channel  15  is spaced from the exhaust channel  16  by the spacing  17  that extends parallel with the center axis  9 . 
   For example two moving elements  11  are located in the distribution channel  12 , said moving elements each having a collar  20 . The collar  20  has a deepening  21  serving the purpose of holding the sealing element  22  that concentrically extends around the center axis  9 . Connected with the collar  20  via the intermediate element  26 , the closing element  40  is arranged immovably in the distribution channel  12 , said closing element being detachably arranged with the threaded section  41  in the inside thread  44  of the receiving element  39 . The means  30  for the relative movement and/or the deformation of the moving element  11  is arranged, for example in or on the moving element  11 , the latter being formed by the collar  20  and the intermediate element  26 . Said means again may be formed by the heating device  35 . The moving element  11  may be made of metal and/or plastic material and may have different coefficients of thermal expansion by sections, so that by heating the intermediate element  26 , the length of the latter is changed in the direction of the center axis  9 . 
   In the undeformed condition, the intermediate element  26  has in this connection a length  78  that is limited by the surface  45  of the closing element  40  and by a back surface  79  of the collar  20 , said back surface extending parallel with the surface  45 , facing the latter. Now, when energy is admitted to the heating device  35 , the intermediate element  26  changes its expanse and reaches a final length  80  that is greater than the length  78 . In said extended position, a spacing  81  of the surface  45  up to a deepening edge  82  of the deepening  21 , said edge extending at a right angle in relation to the center axis  9 , is greater than the distance  83 , which is measured from the surface  45  up to a jacket line  86  located in the feed channel  15  adjacent to the exhaust channel  16 , so that the direction of flow-through from the feed channel  15  to the secondary channel  18  is blocked by the sealing element  22 . In the undeformed condition of the intermediate element  26 , the direction of flow-through from the secondary channel  18  to the exhaust channel  16  is clear and the collar  20  with the sealing element  22  is spaced from the exhaust channel  16  in the opposite direction to the feed channel  15 . 
   Another design variation of the control element  1  as defined by the invention is shown in the jointly described FIGS.  8  and  9 . Said control element has the distribution channel  12 , which is defined by the surfaces  88  extending parallel with the top side  3  and the bottom side  5 , said surfaces being spaced from each other by a channel height  87 , and by the side surfaces  89  facing each other, said side surfaces extending parallel with the back side  64 . An about rectangular cross section of the distribution channel  12  is formed in this way, which has a length  90  from the side surface  6  in the direction of another side surface  6  that is facing away from the former and extending parallel with the former. The pneumatic valve  2  again has a plurality of channels  8 , whereby a channel  8  extending from the bottom side  5  to the distribution channel  12  and in parallel with the side surface  6  is realized as the feed channel  5 , and the other channels  8  reach from the top side  3  to the distribution channel  12  and are realized as the secondary channels  18 . In the present exemplified embodiment, the control element  1  has the four secondary channels  18  that each are provided with a connection thread  14 . Said secondary channels also extend parallel with the side surfaces  6 , whereby the bore axes  13  of the secondary channels  18  are spaced by the spacing  17 . 
   The moving element  11  is located arranged in the distribution channel  12  and has a plurality of inner spaces  33  that are spaced in the direction of the length  90  and surrounded by at least one cover  32 . Said inner spaces are filled with a readily evaporating liquid. Within the zone of intersection with the distribution channel  12 , the secondary channels  18  form the openings  91 , whereby a chamber  92  forming the inner space is associated with each opening  91 . The moving element  11  is formed in this connection by the transmission element  31 . 
   The heating device  35  is arranged in the zone between the surface  88  and the outer surface  34  of the moving element  11  facing said surface, whereby a heating element  36  is associated with each chamber  92 . Preferably, however, the moving element  12  has more chambers  92  than secondary channels  18  are present, so that a chamber  92  is arranged also in the zone located between the feed channel  15  and the secondary channel  18  arranged adjacent to said feed channel, so that a main blocking element  93  is created in this way. As shown in  FIG. 9 , the moving element  11 , i.e. the cover  32 , in the undeformed state, has a width  94  measured parallel with the top side  3  that is greater than the channel diameter  25  of the secondary channel  18  and smaller than the width  95  spacing the side surfaces  89  apart. This creates between the cover  32  and the side surface  89  an intermediate space through which the medium can flow in the expanded state, so that each individual secondary channel  18  can be blocked separately. However, the width  94  of the main blocking element  93  can be realized in such a way that it corresponds in the expanded state with the width  95  and the last-mentioned intermediate space in the zone of the main blocking element  92  thus can be avoided. 
   Within the zone of the face  6 , the control element  1  again has the receiving element  39  for receiving the closing element  40  which, for example is joined with the heating device  35  as one single part. Said closing element  40 , furthermore, has at least one sealing element  22  and a line  50  that can be connected to further lines or to a central connection line, for example by way of a bus-plug  96 . 
   Furthermore, another design variation of the control element  1  as defined by the invention is shown in the  FIGS. 10  to  12 . Said control element consists of a basic body  97  and an additional body  98  that is arranged on the top side  3  of the basic body, forming a collecting element  99  for the medium. The basic body  97  has the distribution channel  12  as well as a feed channel  15  projecting from the distribution channel  12  up to the bottom side  5 . Several secondary channels  18 , which are spaced from each other by the spacing  17 , extend from the top side  3 , with their bore axes  13  extending at right angles in relation to the top side  3 . The moving element  11  is located in the distribution channel  12  and again has a plurality of inner spaces  33  that are spaced apart in the direction of the length  90  of the basic body  97 , said inner spaces being defined by at least one cover  32 . The inner spaces  33  are filled with a readily evaporating liquid. The heating device  35  is arranged in the zone between the surface  38  of the distribution channel  12  associated with the bottom side  5 , and the outer surface  34  of the moving element  11  or the cover  32  facing said surface. 
   The basic body  97  has a width  100  measured at a right angle in relation to the length  90 , said width  100  being greater than a width  95  of the distribution channel  12  measured parallel with said width  100 . The width  95  is realized in such a way that the basic body  97  has a plurality of secondary channels  18  also in the direction of the width  100 , such secondary channels also being spaced from each, for example by the spacing  17 . Said secondary channels reach from the top side  3  up to the surface  88  of the distribution channel  12  associated with said top side, and form the openings  91  in the zone of said surface  88 . A chamber  92  of the moving element  11  forming the inner space  33  is associated with each opening  91  and a heating element  36  of the heating device  35  is associated with each chamber  92 . 
   The secondary channels  18  of the basic body  97  are therefore arranged in the form of a grid, whereby for example five secondary channels  18 , i.e. in particular their bore axes  13  are disposed in each case in a transverse plane  101  extending in parallel with the side surface  6 , and the transverse planes are spaced from each other, for example by a spacing  17 . Four of the secondary channels  18 , i.e. their bore axes  13  are disposed for example in each case in a longitudinal plane  102  extending at right angles in relation to the transverse plane  101 , said longitudinal planes extending parallel with the back side  64  of the basic body  97  and being spaced from each other, for example by the spacing  17  as well. This results in a grid-like arrangement of the secondary channels  18 . 
   The moving element  11 , which has a plurality of chambers  92  both in the direction of the length  90  and also in the direction of the width  95 , has a width  94  that corresponds with the width  95  in the present exemplified embodiment. The openings  103  are formed in the zone of intersection of the secondary channels  18  with the top side  3 , whereby the openings  103  of the secondary channels  18  disposed, for example in a transverse plane  101 , feed into a groove-like deepening  104 . 
   Said deepening has an inner surface  105  facing the top side  3 , said inner surface being spaced from the top side  3  in the opposite direction towards the bottom side  5  by a groove depth  106 . The deepening  104  is defined by two inside surfaces  107  extending at right angles in relation to the inner surface  105 , and parallel with the side surface  6 , said inside surfaces  107  being spaced from one another by a groove width  108  measured at a right angle in relation to the side surface  6 . Said groove width is at least as large as the channel diameter  25  of the secondary channels  18 . The deepenings  104  are bound in a plane extending parallel with the top side  3  by at least one sealing element  109 . A connection opening  112  with a connection thread  113  projecting from the outer side  111  in the direction of the inner surface  105  extends from the inner surface  105  up to a outer side  111  spaced from said inner surface  105  by a height  110  in the opposite direction toward the top side  3 . In the present exemplified embodiment, the additional body  98 , i.e. the collecting element  99  is realized in such a way that five secondary channels  18  feed in each case into a deepening  104  having a connection opening  112 . It is, of course, possible also that the deepening  104  extends not parallel with the side surface  6  but at a right angle in relation to the latter, so that for example four secondary channels  18  disposed in each case in a longitudinal plane  102  feed into a deepening  104  and thus into a connection opening  112 . 
   Now, by closing one or several secondary channels  18  with the moving element  11  it is made possible by the present design variation to exactly adapt the amount of the medium passing through to a defined requirement and to combine, for example a multitude of the channels  8  to form one path of flow. 
   Now, the jointly described  FIGS. 13 and 14  show a means  30  for the relative movement and/or deformation of one or a plurality of moving elements  11 , which are not shown. The means  30 , which is forming a heating device  35 , consists in this connection of a, for example rectangular basic plate  114  that has a width  116  which is halved by a longitudinal plane  116  extending at a right angle in relation to said width. Parallel to the longitudinal plane  116 , the basic plate  114  has a length  117 . Said length spaces apart two transverse side surfaces  118  extending parallel with the width  115  and at right angles in relation to the longitudinal side surfaces  119 , the latter being spaced from each other by the width  115  and being arranged parallel with the longitudinal plane  116 . Furthermore, the basic plate  114  is defined by a bottom side  120  extending at a right angle in relation to the longitudinal side surface  119 , and by a top side  122  spaced from said bottom side by a height  121  and extending parallel with said bottom side. 
   A multitude of heating elements  36  which, for example, are realized in the form of the heating resistors  37 , and which by their totality form a heating device  35 , are located on the top side in the form of a grid. The heating elements  36  are arranged in this connection in such a way that five of the heating elements  36 , for example, have in each case a longitudinal plane  123  extending parallel with the longitudinal plane  116 , and for example five heating elements  36  have in each case a transverse plane  124  extending at a right angle in relation to said longitudinal plane  123  as well as in relation to the longitudinal plane  116 . The longitudinal planes  123  are spaced in each case by a spacing  125  measured parallel with the width  115 , and the transverse planes  124  are spaced by a spacing  126  measured at a right angle in relation to the spacing  125 . The spacings  125 ,  126  can be realized in such a way that they correspond with the spacing  17  of the secondary channels  18  shown in FIG.  10 . 
   The basic plate  114  has a face element  127  that has a face height  128  measured parallel with the height  121 , said face height  128  being greater than the height  121 . It spaces a face  129  from the bottom side  120 , said face  129  extending parallel with the top side  122 . The coupling receptacles  130  of a coupling device  131  are located in the face  129 , said coupling receptacles projecting from the face  129  in the direction of the bottom side  120 . Said coupling receptacle are realized, for example in the form of the plug sockets  132 , from which the lines  133  lead in the direction of the bottom side  120  and subsequently to the heating elements  36 . The lines  133  can be preferably realized in the zone of the top side  122  in the form of the conducting paths  134 , so that the means  30  can be realized in the form of an integrated circuit or of a pc motherboard  135 . 
   The coupling projections  136  are associated with the coupling receptacles  130  and arranged in a coupling element  137  located on the face  129 . Said coupling element  137  has, for example a bus plug  96  that are, via the lines  139 , in line connection with the coupling projections  136  which, for example, are realized in the form of the plug elements  138 . Now, this makes it possible to control the coupling device  131  via a bus line and the bus plug  96  and, furthermore, via the lines  139 , and furthermore to control individual heating elements  36  of several of the heating elements  36  via the lines  133  or the conductor paths  134 . Furthermore, the means  30  has a sealing element  22 . The heating elements  36  are arranged on the top side  122  in such a way that they are associated with the individual chambers  92  of a moving element  11  shown in  FIGS. 10 and 11 . 
     FIG. 15  shows another variation of a moving element  11 , which is realized, for example in the form of a lifting piston  140  that is arranged in a channel  8 , in particular in the secondary channel  8 . The lifting piston  140  has a sealing section  141  that is formed by a cone jacket  143  extending from a cylinder jacket  143 —which is arranged cylindrically around the bore axis  13 —in the direction of the distribution channel  12 , whereby the cylinder jacket  142  has a jacket diameter  144  that is larger than a diameter  145  of a bar  147  extending from a cone part  146 —which is bound by the cone jacket  143 —in the direction of the distribution channel  12 . In the opposite direction toward the cylinder jacket  142 , the bar  147  has a collar  149  spaced at a spacing  148  from the cone part  146 . Said collar  149  has a collar diameter  150  that is larger than the diameter  145  of the bar  147 . Adjoining the collar  149 , a tie rod  151  extends in the opposite direction toward the sealing section  141 , said tie rod having a threaded section  152  in an end zone facing away from the sealing section  141 . 
   The tie rod  151  is bound by a moving element  11  which, as described above, is formed by a cover  32 . Said cover encloses an inner space  33  in which again a high-boiling liquid is contained. In the zone between the cover  32  and the surface  88  of the distribution channel  12 , the means  30  is present, for example at least in the form of a heating element  36 . The tie rod  151  projects in this connection through the heating element  36  as well as through the surface  88  and projects into an opening  153 , in which a spring element  154  is arranged. A dish element  155  is screwed to the threaded section  152 . Within the zone of the surface  88  associated with the top side  3 , the secondary channel  18  has a seal seat  156  extending conically tapering in the direction of the distribution channel  12 , with the cone jacket  143  of the lifting piston  140  being associated with said seal seat  156 . 
   Now, when no thermal energy is admitted to the cover  32 , the spring element  154  applies a spring force to the dish element  155  that is detachably or undetachably connected with the tie rod  151 , and thereby causes the cone jacket  143  of the lifting piston  140  to be pressed against the sealing seat  156 , which interrupts the passage of flow from the distribution channel  12  into the secondary channel  18 . Now, if said passage of flow is to be opened, thermal energy is admitted into the cover  32  via the heating element  36 , which causes the high-boiling liquid contained in the inner space  33  to evaporate, and the cover  32  to be expanded. This causes a force of pressure directed against the spring force to be applied to the collar  149 , and the lifting piston  140 , i.e. the cone jacket  143  is lifted from the sealing seat  156  and the spring element  154  is tensioned, which, upon termination of the action of thermal energy and when the liquid contained in the inner space  33  changes its state from the gaseous to the liquid state, causes the lifting piston  140  to be automatically forced into the closing position by spring force. 
   The jointly described  FIGS. 16 and 17  show another exemplified embodiment of a control element  1  as defined by the invention, in particular a pneumatic valve  2 . The distribution channel  2  has the surfaces  88  extending parallel with the top side  3  and/or the bottom side  5 , said surfaces facing each other and being spaced apart by the channel height  87 . Furthermore, the distribution channel  12  is defined in the direction of the back side  64  and a front side  157  extending parallel with said back side by the side surfaces  89  facing each other. For example the two secondary air channels  18  extending parallel with each other and in relation to the side surface  6 , reach from the top side  3  up to the distribution channel  12 , with their bore axes  13  by spaced apart by the spacing  17 . The exhaust channel  16 , for example, which extends parallel with the side surface  6  and in relation to the secondary air channels  18 , reaches from the bottom side  5  up to the distribution channel  12 . 
   The moving element  11  and/or the means  30  for the relative movement and/or the deformation of the moving element  11  are formed by a multi-layer element  158  that has the elastically deformable, tongue-shaped elements  159  conforming to the channels  8  to be closed. Said elements project over a base plate  160  of the multi-layer element  158 , said base plate abutting, for example the surface  88  disposed adjacent to the bottom side  5 . The tongue-shaped elements  159  are in this connection at least in sections defined by the slot-like recesses  161  arranged in the base plate  160 , and have the sealing elements  22  on the top side  162  facing the secondary air channels  18 , said sealing elements each being formed, for example by an elastic sealing layer  163 . 
   The multi-layer element  158 , in particular the base plate  160  and the tongue-shaped elements  159  are structured, for example in two layers, whereby a first layer  164  disposed adjacent to the bottom side  5  is formed by a metallic or non-metallic material which, upon admission of electrical current or upon application of a voltage is deformed in the opposite direction toward the bottom side  5 . A layer  165  disposed adjacent to the top side  3  is formed by a material not having the properties of the layer  164 , which results in a resetting effect. 
   The tongue-shaped elements  159  or the sealing elements  22  arranged on said elements  159  are defined in the direction of the top side  3  by a sealing surface  166  which, in the undeformed state of the tongue-shaped elements  159 , is, in a zone or curvature that is disposed closest to the top side  3 , spaced from the surface  88  arranged adjacent to the bottom side  5  in the opposite direction toward the bottom side  5 , by a spacing  167  that is smaller than the channel height  87  of the distribution channel  12 . 
   Now, when a voltage or an electrical current is applied to the tongue-shaped element  159 ., the latter is deformed and moved in the direction of the top side  3 , so that the spacing  167  corresponds with the channel height  87  and the opening  91  of the secondary channel  18  is therefore closed by the sealing element  22 , in particular by the sealing layer  163 . In this way, only the air conducted via the second secondary channel  18  into the distribution channel  12  is discharged via the exhaust channel  16 , for example from a pneumatic driving device. In order to realize the mobility of the tongue-shaped elements  159 , the base plate  160  has the release positions  168  that space the tongue-shaped elements  159  from the base plate  160 . This, however, also creates in each case for one tongue-shaped element  159  a deformation zone  169 , for example in the form of a bending edge  170 . 
   A base plate thickness  171  measured parallel with the channel height  87  is not greater than the channel height  87 . One or several connection lines  75  extend in or on the base plate  160  and/or the tongue-shaped elements  159 , said lines serving the purpose of admitting electrical current or voltage to the tongue-shaped elements  159 . Furthermore, the pneumatic valve  2  again has the receiving element  39  in which the closing element  40  is arranged, the latter preferably being connected with the base plate  160  in the form of one single piece. However, instead of being formed by a multi-layer element  158 , the moving element  11  and/or the means  30  can be formed also by an element that is produced from a so-called memory metal which, w hen acted upon by energy, is moved into the sealing position, and which, upon termination of the admission of energy, is automatically reset to its original position because of the memory effect. 
     FIG. 18  shows another embodiment of the control element  1  as defined by the invention, for example in the form of a hydraulic valve  172 . The latter has the feed channel  15  and the exhaust channel  16 . Said channels project from the bottom side  55  into the distribution channel  12  and are spaced from one another by the spacing  17 . The secondary channel  18  extends from the top side  3  to the distribution channel  12 . The moving element  11  is located in the distribution channel  12  and has the two collars  20  extending at right angles in relation to the center axis  9 . Each of said collars has at least one deepening  21  for the sealing elements  22 . The collars are connected via the intermediate element  26  and are defined by the faces  19  facing each other, said faces being spaced from each other by an intermediate element length  173 . The diameter  27  of the intermediate element  26  is smaller than the collar diameter  28  of the collars  20 . 
   The distribution channel  12  realized in the form of a bore has the means  30  for the relative movement of the moving elements  11 . Which are realized, for example in the form of the electrically operated coils  174 . Said coils are spaced from each other by a spacing  175  measured parallel with the center axis  9 . Said coils, furthermore, have an inside diameter  176  measured at a right angle in relation to the center axis  9  and an outside diameter  177  measured parallel with said inside diameter, whereby the inside diameter  176  corresponds with the inside diameter  23  of the distribution channel  12 . The outside diameter  177  is larger than the inside diameter  176 . 
   The opening  91  of the secondary channel  18  is located, for example in the zone of the spacing  175 . Now, if the path of flow shown in  FIG. 18  from the feed channel  15  into the secondary channel  18  is to be changed in such a way that the secondary channel  18  is connected in terms of flow with the exhaust channel  16 , the coil  174  disposed adjacent to the exhaust channel  16  is switched to currentless and current is admitted to the coil  174  disposed adjacent to the feed channel  15 , which then causes the collar  20  disposed adjacent to the feed channel  125  to be moved by the electromagnetic force in the direction of the exhaust channel  16 , which moves the sealing element  22  into a position located between the feed channel  15  and the secondary channel  18 , which blocks this flow path and the flow path from the secondary channel  18  to the exhaust channel  16  is released in this way, i.e. the collar  20  disposed adjacent to the exhaust channel  16 , or the sealing element  22  arranged on said collar is moved into a position spaced from the exhaust channel  16  in the opposite direction in relation to the exhaust channel  16 . The hydraulic valve  172  again has the closing element  40  that closes the distribution channel  12 . 
     FIG. 19  shows another design variation of the control element  1  as defined by the invention. Said control element has a plurality of the moving elements  11  arranged in the distribution channel  12 , whereby the distribution channel  12  is divided in the distribution sections  178 , so that a sealing partition  179  is arranged between two adjacent distribution sections  178 . The moving element  11  has a plurality of collars  20  concentrically extending around the center axis  9 , whereby two collars  20  form a receiving groove  56  for the sealing element  22 , with additional collars  20  being spaced from said two collars in directions opposing each other. 
   The means  30  for the relative movement, said means being realized in the form of the coils  174 , are arranged in the distribution channel  12 . A collar  20  of the moving element  12  is associated in each case with one of the two coils  174  arranged in a distribution section  178 , so that when a coil  174  is acted upon, the collar  20  associated with that coil is attracted in the direction of said coil  174  and the moving element  12  is displaced in that way along the center axis  9 . Several secondary channels  18  are arranged on the top side  3 , such channels being combined, for example in one common medium main line  180 . Several feed channels  15  are located on the bottom side  5 , said channels being combined, for example in one common medium feed line  181 . Several exhaust channels  16 , which are arranged on the bottom side  5  as well, are combined in a common medium exhaust line  182  as well. It is now possible in this way to supply medium-actuated consumers with a larger volume of medium and to furthermore vary said volume. 
   The coils  174  are arranged in the distribution channel  12  in such a way that each two adjacent coils  174  of two adjacent distribution sections  178  are spaced from one another by a distance  183  that is greater than a parallel measured spacing  184  of a coil  178  from a collar  20  of a moving element  11  that is associated with such a coil but spaced from it, such moving element being located in a distribution section  178 . The coil  174  of a distribution section  178  is prevented in this way from influencing the moving element  11  of an adjacent distribution section  178 . 
   Another design variation of a control element  1  as defined by the invention is shown in the jointly described  FIGS. 20 and 21 . Said control element has two secondary channels  18  reaching from the top side  3  to the distribution channel  12 , as well as two channels  8  extending at right angles in relation to said secondary channels, with one of said channels  8  being a feed channel  15  and another an exhaust channel  16 . The distribution channel  12  is realized in the form of a cylindrical bore which, in a zone adjacent to the bottom side  5 , has a groove  185  with a groove bottom  186  extending parallel with the bottom side  5 . The transmission element  31  and/or the means  30  are arranged in said groove  185 . The distribution channel  12  is closed by a plate-like closing element  40 , which, in an inside surface  187  facing the distribution channel  123 , has a cylinder-shaped bolt  188  projecting beyond said inside surface at a right angle. 
   Said bolt has a bolt length  189  measured parallel with the center axis  9  and at a right angle in relation to the inner surface  187 , said bolt length preferably being greater than the length  90  of the distribution channel  12  measured parallel with said bolt length. The bolt  188  has a bolt diameter  190  measured at a right angle in relation to the bolt length  189 , said bolt diameter  190  being equal to or smaller than a recess diameter  191  of a recess  192 , the latter being arranged in an end zone  193  of the control element  1 , said end zone being arranged in the opposite direction in relation to the closing element  40 . A depth  194  of the recess  192  measured parallel with the bolt length  189  is selected in this connection in such a way that when added with the length  90  it is greater than the bolt length  189 . The bolt  188  forms the guide device  10  for the moving element  11 , which is arranged in the distribution channel  12 . Provision can be made in this connection between the bolt  188  and the moving element  11  for a longitudinal guide that prevents a radial movement of the moving element  11 . 
   The moving element  11  has one or several bearing elements  195  extending concentrically around the center axis  9 . Said bearing elements are particularly realized in the form of the sliding bearing bushes  196 , in which the bolt  188  is inserted. The moving element  11  has at least one sealing element  22  that is preferably realized as one single piece and that has two transverse bridges  197  as well as two peripheral bridges  198  extending approximately at right angles in relation to said transverse bridges. The transverse bridges  197  extend parallel with the center axis  9  and they are spaced from the groove bottom  186  in the opposite direction toward the bottom side  5  by a height  199 , the latter being greater than a width  200  of the groove sides  201  extending parallel with each other, facing each other, and at right angles in relation to the groove bottom  186 , said width  200  being measured parallel with said height  199 . The width  200  is defined in this connection by the groove bottom  186  and an intersection edge  202 , which is formed by the groove sides  201  and s cylindrical surface  203  of the distribution channel  12  that extends concentrically around the center axis  9 . However, the height  199  is smaller than an axis spacing  204  measured parallel with said height, said distance  204  spacing the bore axis  13  of the feed channel  15  and/or the exhaust channel  16  from the groove bottom  186 . The axis spacing  204  corresponds in this connection at least with the height  199  plus half of the channel diameter  25  of the feed channel  15  and/or the exhaust channel  16 . 
   In a zone facing the groove bottom  186 , the moving element  11  has the concave moldings  205  extending at right angles in relation to the center axis  9 . Said moldings project beyond a surface line  207  in the direction of the center axis  9  by a molding depth  208 , said surface line defining the moving element  11  in the direction of the groove bottom  186  and being disposed in a plane of symmetry extending through the center axis  9  and being located at right angles in relation to the inner surface  187  and to the top side  3 . The surface line  207  is removed from the groove bottom  186  by a spacing  209 , which is smaller than a height  210  of a segment  211  of the cover  32  of the transmission element  31 , whose chamber  92  is in the expanded condition. And end edge  212  of the moving element  11 , said end edge being disposed adjacent to the closing element  40 , is spaced from the inner surface  187  by a spacing  213 , which, in a final position of the moving element  11  closing the exhaust channel  16 , is greater than a spacing  214  of a surface zone of an expanded, segment  211  from the inner surface  187 , said surface zone being disposed closest to the center axis  9 . In this connection, the end edge  212  is spaced from the surface zone of the segment  211  disposed closest to the center axis  9  by a lateral offset  215  measured parallel with the center axis  9 . 
   Now, when the moving element  11  has to be moved in the opposite direction to the closing element  40 , the segment  211  of the transmission element  31  disposed adjacent to the closing element  40  is expanded, which causes the cover  32  to apply pressure to the adjacent end edge  212  and to exert in this way on the moving element  11  a component of axial force extending parallel with the center axis  9 . This causes another end edge  216  defining the first molding  205  at the opposite end to reach a position in which said end edge also has the lateral offset  215  in relation to the surface zone of the further segment  211  of the transmission element  31  that is disposed closest to the center axis  9 . Now, when said further segment  211  then expands, the moving element  11  carries out a farther-leading axial movement in accordance with the described procedure. 
   The axial movement of the moving element  11  is limited by a sleeve-like stop  217 , which is arranged extending concentrically around the bolt  188 . Said stop  217  has a ring-shaped stop surface  218  that faces the moving element  11  and that extends parallel with the face  219  of a recess  220  of the moving element  11 . When the moving element  11  is in a position in which the feed channel  15  is sealed by the means of the sealing elements  22 , the stop surface  218  and the face  219  are in abutting positions. 
   Now, when the moving element  11  is to be moved in the direction of the closing element  40 , i.e. into a position in which it seals the exhaust channel  16 , a component of an axial force is applied to an end edge  221  that limits the moving element  11  in the opposite direction in relation to the closing element  40 , such component of an axial force being generated by a expanding segment  211  associated with said end edge  221 . For the axial movement it is furthermore necessary that the segments  211  are not expanded simultaneously, but in each case in a successive sequence, so that when one segment  211  is expanded, the segments  211  adjacent to such expanded segment and preferably all other segments are in the relieved state. The expansion of the segments  211 , which in the chambers  92  again have a rapidly evaporating liquid, is caused by admitting heat to the segments  211  by means of the above-described heating device  35  consisting of the individual heating elements  36 , whereby a heating element  36  is associated with each of the segments  211 , and whereby each segment  211  can be supplied with electrical current independently of the other heating segments  36 . For the purpose of limiting the axial movement in the direction of the closing element  40 , a stop  217  is concentrically arranged around the bolt  188  as well. 
   The jointly described  FIGS. 22 and 23  show a closing element  40  of the control element  1  as defined by the invention that is shown by way of example in  FIGS. 20 and 21 . Said closing element has the bolt  188 , which is connected with a flange plate  222  preferably in the form of one single piece. The bolt  188  projects in this connection beyond the inner surface  187  of the flange plate  222  by a bolt length  189  and has the bolt diameter  190 . The bolt  188 , in particular an outer surface  223 , is arranged rotation-symmetrically around the center axis  9  and has, for example 2 deepening grooves  224  extending concentrically around the center axis  9 , said grooves  224  having a groove width  225  measured parallel with the center axis  9 , and a groove depth  226  projecting from the outer surface  223  in the direction of the center axis  9 . The deepening groove  224  disposed adjacent to the flange plate  222  is spaced from the inner surface  187  by a spacing  227 . The deepening groove  224  arranged in the opposite direction from said deepening groove  224  toward the flange plate  222  is spaced from the inner surface  187  by a distance  228 . A spacing  229  between the two deepening grooves  224  results from the difference between the distance  228  and the spacing  227 . 
   The contact elements  230  are located in the deepening grooves  224 . Each of said contact elements has a contact bridge  231  projecting beyond a groove bottom  232  in the direction of the center axis  9 , said groove bottom being spaced from the outer surface  223  in the direction of the center axis  9  by the groove depth  226 . Furthermore, the bolt  188  has an inner bore  233  extending from an outer surface  234  of the flange plate  222 , said outer surface facing away from the inner surface  187  and extending parallel with said inner surface, up to a bore depth  235  that is greater than the sum of the distance  228 , the groove width  225  and a flange thickness  236  spacing the outer surface  234  from the inner surface  187 . The inner bore  233  has a bore diameter  237  that is smaller than the bolt diameter  190 . 
   The contact bridges  231  are realized in such a way that they project up into the inner bore  233 , and they are line-connected via the line elements  238 , for example the flexible lines  239 , with a coupling device  240 , for example a multiple plug  241 , arranged in the flange plate  222 . This makes it possible to admit electrical current to the contact elements  230  via the coupling device  240 . On the inner surface  187 , the flange plate  222  has the additional contact elements  242  that may be connected to the multiple plug  241  of another coupling device  243 , and serve for contacting, for example the means  30  shown in  FIG. 20 , in particular the heating device  35 . The contact elements  230  arranged in the bolt  188  form in this connection the holding and/or locking device  59  to the extent that the stops  217  shown by the dashed lines generate an electromagnetic force as well when electrical current is admitted to a contact element  230  and electromagnetism is generated in that way, and thereby retain the moving element  11  shown in  FIG. 20 , for example on the face  219  of said moving element. It is prevented in this way that the moving element  11  is automatically moved by the pressure conditions prevailing in the distribution channel  12 . 
   The jointly described  FIGS. 24 and 25  show another design variation of a control element  1  as defined by the invention, in particular a pneumatic valve  2 , which has the distribution channel  12  extending parallel with the top side  3  or the bottom side  5 , with for example three secondary channels  18  extending from said distribution channel to the top side  3 , and with a feed channel  15  extending to the bottom side  5 . The bore axes  13  are again arranged at right angles in relation to the center axis  9 . Concentric receiving openings  244  extend with their axes aligned with the bore axes  13  from the distribution channel  12  up to the bottom side  5 . The heating devices  35  are inserted in said receiving openings. The heating device  35  projects in this connection through the receiving opening  244  and the distribution channel  12  and into the secondary channel  18 , whereby a device axis  245  of the heating device  35  extends at a right angle in relation to the center axis  9 . Within the zone of the secondary channel  18 , the heating device  35  has a cylinder-shaped projection  246  that forms the heating element  36 . Said heating element is limited in the direction of the top side  5  by a collar  247 . The transmission element  31  forming the moving element  11  is concentrically arranged around the projection  246 , said transmission element  31  being formed by the cover  32  having the chamber  92 . A rapidly evaporating liquid is again contained in the chamber  92 , by which the cover  32  is expanded when the temperature is increased by means of the heating element  36  and the liquid in the chamber  92  is evaporated, and thereby seals the secondary channel  18 . The heating devices  35  are controlled individually, for example via the common plug  76  and the line  50  which, for example, is realized in the form of a bus-line. The distribution channel  12  is again sealed by the closing element  40 . 
     FIG. 26  shows another embodiment of the control element  1  as defined by the invention, in particular a pneumatic valve  2  with a secondary channel  18 , a feed channel  15 , and an exhaust channel  16 . The moving element  11 , which again has the sealing elements  22  on the collars  20 , is pneumatically actuated in this connection via the further control elements  1 , in particular via the pre-control valves  248 . The damping elements  249  are located arranged on the faces  19  of the collars  20 . 
   The pre-control valve  248  is inserted, in particular screwed into the distribution channel  12  from the side surface  6 , and has a feed channel extending, for example at a right angle in relation to the center axis  9 , and a secondary channel  18  extending with its axis aligned with the center axis  9 . A heating device  35  is inserted in said secondary channel, said heating device having a bolt-shaped heating element  36  around which the moving element  111  in the form of a transmission element  31  is concentrically arranged. Said moving element  11  consists of a cover  32  with a chamber  92 , in which again a rapidly evaporating liquid is contained which, in the expanded state, seals the feed channel  15  and/or the secondary channel  18 . 
     FIG. 27  shows another design variation of the control element  1  as defined by the invention. The moving element  11  arranged in the distribution channel  12  again has a plurality of collars  20  forming or defining the receiving grooves  56  for the sealing elements  22 . One sealing element  22  is in each case arranged adjacent to a pre-control valve  248  as it was described by way of example in connection with FIG.  26 . The moving element  11 , in particular two faces  19  facing away from each other, are spaced from one another by the spacing  29 , whereby another receiving groove  56  for a sealing element  22  is arranged at about half of the spacing  29 , said additional sealing element  22  establishing either a flow connection between the secondary channel  18  and the feed channel  15 , or between the secondary channel  18  and the exhaust channel  16 . 
   Spaced from the collars  20  defining said receiving groove  56  by, for example an identical spacing  250 , the moving element  11 , in particular the intermediate elements  26  have the locking grooves  251  that concentrically extends around the center axis  9 . For example in each switching position of the moving element  11  in which a flow connection is established between the secondary channel  18  and the exhaust channel  16 , a locking element  252  of a holding and/or locking device  59  is in engagement with the locking groove  251  located adjacent to the exhaust channel  16 , thereby preventing the moving element  1  from carrying out an automatic relative movement due to the different pressure conditions in the distribution channel  12 . The locking grooves  251  are spaced from one another by a distance  253  measured parallel with the center axis  9 , said distance being formed by the sum of twice the distance  250  and a width  254 , by which the collars  20  of a receiving groove  56  are spaced from each other. 
   The holding and/or locking devices  59  have the center axes  255  extending at right angles in relation to the center axis  9  and at right angles to the top side  3 , said center axes  255  being spaced from each other by a width  256  that is halved, for example by the bore axis  13  of the secondary channel  18 . The width  256  is dimensioned in this connection in such a way that it approximately corresponds with the distance  253  of the two locking grooves  251  less a height of lift  257  of the moving element  11 . 
   A holding and/or locking device  59  is shown in greater detail in FIG.  28 . As described above, the moving element  11  has one or several locking grooves  251  that can be engaged by the locking element  252  of the holding and/or locking device  59 . The locking element  252  has a cylindrical locking pin  258  that projects through a bore  259  arranged in the control element  1 , and reaches up into the distribution channel  12 . Said bore  259  extends from a plane surface  260  of a recess  261  that extends concentrically around the center axis  255 , said recess reaching from the top side  3  up to the plane surface  260  and has an inside thread  262  within the zone of the top side  3 . The locking pin  258  is preferably joined as one single piece with a plate  263  extending concentrically around the center axis  255 , said plate being arranged in the recess  261 . A transmission element  31  and a means  30  are located in the zone between a face  264  facing the plane surface  260  and extending parallel with the latter, and the plane surface  260 . The transmission element  31  has a cover  32  enclosing the locking pin  258 , said cover enclosing an inner space  33  containing a high-boiling liquid. The means  30  is located in this connection between the cover  32  and the plane surface  260 . A closing element  265  is screwed into the inside thread  262  and has a face  266  extending concentrically around the center axis  255 , said face  266  facing a face  267  of the plate  264  that extends parallel with the face  264  of the plate  263  and is facing away from said face  264 . 
   A spring element  268  is located in a zone that is defined by the face  266  of the closing element  265  and the face  267  of the plate  263 . In the direction of the moving element  11  arranged in the distribution channel  12 , said spring element exerts a spring force on the plate  263  and thus on the locking element  252 , so that the latter is pressed either into the locking groove  251  or against a surface  269  of the moving element  11  arranged in the distribution channel  12 . Now, if the locking element  252  abuts the surface  269  and when the moving element  11  arranged in the distribution channel  12  is displaced along the center axis  9 , the locking pin  258  engages the locking groove  251  and the moving element  11  is preventing from an automatic relative movement. 
   Now, when the mobility of the moving element  11  is to be restored, the high-boiling liquid contained in the interior space  33  of the cover  32  is heated via the means  30 , which causes the volume of the liquid to increase and the cover  32  to expand, so that a force of pressure is then exerted on the face  264  of the plate  263  and the latter is moved in the direction of the closing element  265  against the force of the spring element  268 . The relative movement of the moving element  11  results in a lateral offset between the locking pin  258  and the locking groove  251 . Since the volume of the cover  32  is increased only for a very short time, the locking pin  258  is pressed against the surface  269  when the volume of the high-boiling liquid contained in the inner space  33  is reduced, i.e. when said liquid cools, and in this process causes the surface  269 , i.e. the moving element  11  from sliding off the locking pin  258 , in particular off a point  270 . 
     FIG. 29  shows another design variation of the holding and/or locking device  59 . Instead of the transmission element  31  with the cover  32  shown in  FIG. 28 , said holding and/or locking device has a piezo-element  271  that is arranged between the plane surface  260 , the recess  261  and the face  264  of the plate  263  and is connected with an energy source. 
   Now, when the locking pin  258  is to be removed from the locking groove  251 , an electric voltage is applied to the piezo-element  271 , which causes the volume of said piezo-element to change and the plate  263  to be moved against the spring force of the spring element  268  in the direction of the closing element  265 . When the piezo-element  271  is dead, it assumes again its original volume and the locking element  258  is moved via the spring element  268  either against the surface  269  of the moving element  11  arranged in the distribution channel  12 , or into the locking groove  251 . When the locking pin  258  rests against the surface  269  and when the moving element  11  is moved in the distribution channel  12  along the center axis  9 ; the locking pin  258  is caused by the spring element  268  to engage the locking groove  251  and the moving element  11  is retained in the desired position. 
     FIGS. 30 and 31  show another embodiment of the control element  1  as defined by the invention, which is defined by the top side  3 , the bottom side  5 , the side surfaces  6 , the back side  64  and the front side  157 . A secondary channel  18  with a bore axis  13  extends from the top side  3  in the direction of the bottom side  5 . Said bore axis  13  may be aligned with, for example another bore axis  13  of another secondary channel  18  that extents from the bottom side  5  in the direction of the top side  3 . Both secondary channels  18  feed into a distribution channel  12  that has a surface  88  that extends at a right angle in relation to the bore axes  13  and parallel with the top side  3  or the bottom side  5 . Another surface  88  is located spaced from said first surface  88  in the direction of the top side  3  by the channel height  87 . A feed channel  15  extends from the back side  64  up to the distribution channel  12 . A moving element  11  is present in the distribution channel  12 . Said moving element is realized in the form of an elastically deformable diaphragm  272  having, for example the sealing layers  163  on the top sides  162  facing the surfaces  28 . The openings  91  of the secondary channels  18 , which are located in the zone of the surfaces  88 , are associated with the top side  162  and the sealing layers  163 . The diaphragm  272  is connected with a closing element  40  preferably in a torsionally rigid manner, and said closing element has a threaded section  41  that is arranged in a female thread  44 . Furthermore, the closing element  40  has a face  273  extending parallel with the side surface  6 . The diaphragm  272  has a stretched length measured from the face  273  parallel with the surface  88  that is greater than the length  90  of the distribution channel  12  measured from the face  273  parallel with said length. 
   The coils  174 , which are realized, for example in the form of the flat coils  274 , are located in the distribution channel, in particular in the zone of the surfaces  88 . Said flat coils have the lines  50  that extend, for example from the distribution channel  12  to the back side  64  of the control element  1 . Furthermore, the flat coils  274  have the openings  274 ′ that preferably extend concentrically with the bore axes  13  and with the openings  91 , so that a flow path is made available by the flat coils  274 . 
   Now, when one of the two flat coils  274  is supplied with current via the line  50 , the diaphragm  272  is deformed in the direction of the flat coil  274  to which current is admitted, whereby the sealing layer  163  effects a sealing of the respective secondary channel  18 , which causes the medium—which has not to be limited only to air—to be passed on from the feed channel  15  to the other secondary channel  18 . Due to the fact that the stretched length of the diaphragm  272  is greater than the length  91 , the elasticity of the diaphragm  272  generates a component of force in the direction in the direction of the opening  91 , against which the sealing layer  163  is pressed and thus seals said opening. Now, when the other opening  91  is to be sealed, high-intensity current or high voltage is admitted briefly to the other flat coil  274 . This generates a magnetic force or an electrostatic force that is directed against the original component of force, and the diaphragm  272  is moved in the direction of the other opening  91 . Since the stretched length is greater than the length  90 , the diaphragm  272 , upon exceeding a dead point, snaps to the other opening  91  and seals the latter with the sealing layer  163 . As mentioned before, it is of course possible to use also other media instead of air. 
   Another design variation of the holding and/or locking device  59  is shown in the jointly described  FIGS. 32  to  34 . The moving element  11  is realized here in the form of a lifting piston  140  that is arranged in a lifting piston receptacle  276  that is arranged in the control element  11  and extends preferably cylindrically around a lifting piston axle  275 . The lifting piston axle  275  extends in this connection, for example at a right angle in relation to the surface  88  of the distribution channel  12 . Within the zone of the surface  88 , the lifting piston receptacle  276  has a seal seat  156  that has a sealing surface  277  extending in the form of a truncated cone. Said sealing surface extends rotation-symmetrically around the lifting piston axle  275  and is arranged conically tapering in the direction of the surface  88  from a plane surface  278  of a lifting piston bore  279  extending cylindrically around the lifting piston axle  275 , said plane surface  278  extending parallel with the surface  88 . 
   The lifting piston bore  279  extends from the plane surface  278  in the opposite direction to the surface  88  up to a height  280  with a diameter  281  that is larger than a sealing diameter  282  of the sealing seat  156  disposed in the plane surface  278 . The secondary channel  18  extends at a right angle in relation to the lifting piston axle  275  from the lifting piston bore  279  to the back side  64 . The bore axis  13  of said secondary channel is spaced from the plane surface  278  by a spacing  283 , said spacing, for example, being smaller than the height  280 . A guide bore  284  extends cylindrically around the lifting piston axle  275  from the height  280  to the top side  3  of the control element  1 . Said lifting piston axle  275  has a bore diameter  285  that is larger than the diameter  281  of the lifting piston bore  279 . A guide sleeve  286  is arranged in the guide bore  284 , said guide sleeve having an inside diameter  287 —measured parallel with the bore diameter  285 —that is smaller than the bore diameter  285  and, for example smaller than the diameter  281 . 
   A locking element  252  is arranged in the zone located between the guide sleeve  286  and the lifting piston bore  279 . A bottom side  288  of the locking element  252  facing the plane surface  278  is flatly abutting an annular surface  289  extending parallel with the plane surface  275 , said annular surface being formed by the guide bore  284 . The bore diameter  285  of the latter, as mentioned before, is greater than the diameter  281  of the lifting piston bore  279 . An ring surface  292  defining the guide sleeve  286  in the direction of the distribution channel  12  is abutting a top side  291  of the locking element  252 , said top side facing away from the bottom side  288  and being spaced from said bottom side by a thickness  290  in the opposite direction to the surface  88 . Said ring surface  292  is spaced from a ring surface  293  of the guide sleeve  286  by a sleeve height  294  in the opposite direction to the distribution channel  12 , said ring surface  293  facing away and extending parallel with said ring surface  293 . The ring surface  293  is spaced from the top side  3  by a depth  295  in the direction of the distribution channel  12 . 
   A projection  296  extending cylindrically around the lifting piston axle  275  engages a cylindrical zone formed by the depth  295  and the bore diameter  285 . Said projection protrudes beyond an inner side  297  of a cover plate  298  in the direction of the distribution channel  12 , said inner side facing the top side  3 . The projection  296  has an inward molding  299  in which the means  30 , in particular the heating device  35  is arranged, the latter being connected with torsional strength with a transmission element  31  formed by the cover  32 . The cover  32  projects in this connection beyond the heating device  35  or the ring surface  293  of the guide sleeve  286  in the direction of the distribution channel  12 . The locking element  252  has an outside diameter  300  that corresponds with the bore diameter  285  of the guide bore  284 . Said locking element furthermore has an inside diameter  301  that is smaller than the outside diameter  300 . The inside diameter  301  defines an inner face  302  extending concentrically around the lifting piston axle  275 . The slots  303  arranged in the form of a star around the lifting piston axle  275  extend from the inner face  302 . Said slots are spaced from one another by an angular offset  304 . The slots  303  have a slot depth  305  measured from the inner face  302  in the direction of the guide sleeve  286 . Said slot depth is selected in such a way that the sum of twice slot depth  305  and the inside diameter  301  is not greater than the outside diameter  300  of the locking element  252 . The slots  303  form the spring projection  306  that are thus arranged around the lifting piston axle  275  in the form of a star as well. 
   In a zone associated with the distribution channel  12 , the lifting piston  140  has a part in the form of a truncated cone, with a cone jacket  143  extending rotation-cylindrically around the lifting piston axle  275 , and with a cylinder jacket  142  that is arranged in the opposite direction from said cone jacket in the direction of the distribution channel  12 . A cylindrical projection  307  extends from the cone jacket  143  in the direction of the distribution channel  12 . Said projection  307  has a projection diameter  308  that is smaller than the sealing diameter  309  that defines the sealing surface  277  in the zone of the surface  88 . The cylinder jacket  142  has a jacket diameter  144  that is larger than the sealing diameter  282 , but smaller than the diameter  281  of the lifting piston bore  279 . The cylinder jacket  142  is defined in the opposite direction to the distribution channel  12  by a plane surface  310 . Spaced from said plane surface  310  by a width  311  measured parallel with the lifting piston axle  275  in the opposite direction to the distribution channel  12 , the lifting piston  140  has a locking collar  312  extending concentrically around the lifting piston axle  272 . Said locking collar is defined by a collar diameter  313  that corresponds, for example with the jacket diameter  144 . Within the zone of the width  311 , a connecting element  315  extends between the plane surface  310  and a collar surface  314  facing said plane surface. Said connecting element has a diameter  316  that is smaller than the collar diameter  313  and the inside diameter  301  of the locking element  252 . 
   Furthermore, the lifting piston  140  has a guide piston  317  extending cylindrically around the lifting piston axle  272 . Said guide piston is connected with the locking collar  312  via an intermediate element  318 , and said guide piston has on an outer side  319  a sliding element  320  that slides off along the inner side of the guide sleeve  286 . A transmission element  31  formed by the cover  32  is again located in the distribution channel  12 . Thermal energy can be admitted to said transmission element via a means  30 . Now, when a flow connection has to be established between the distribution channel  12  and the secondary channel  13 , the transmission element  31  arranged in the distribution channel  12  and formed by the cover  32  is thermally acted upon and expands, which causes the outer surface  34  of the cover  32  to come into contact with the projection  307 , and the lifting piston  140  to be moved in the opposite direction to the distribution channel  12 . In this process, the cone jacket  143  moves away from the sealing surface  277 , which opens a flow channel in the zone of the surface  88 , said flow channel being formed by the difference between the sealing diameter  309  and the projection diameter  308 . The locking collar  312  is simultaneously pressed against the bottom side  288  of the locking element  252 , which causes the spring projections  306  to be elastically pressed in the opposite direction to the distribution channel  12  until the inside diameter  301  has reached the size of the collar diameter  313  and the locking collar  312  is sliding off on about the inner face  302  of the locking element  252  in the opposite direction to the distribution channel  12  until the collar surface  314  is spaced from the ring surface  292  in the opposite direction to the distribution channel  22 . 
   Once the lifting piston  140  has reached said position, the spring projections  305  spring back into their original positions and the top side  291  of the locking element  252  is approximately located in one plane with the collar surface  314 . This prevents an automatic relative movement of the lifting piston  140  in the direction of the distribution channel  12 . Now, when the flow channel between the distribution channel  12  and the secondary channel  18  has to be closed, the heating device  35  located in the projection  296  is heated, so that the transmission element  31  formed by the cover  32  and connected with the heating device  35  is expanded and presses the guide piston  317  in the direction of the distribution channel  12 , which causes the locking collar  312  to be forced in the direction of the distribution channel  12 , with the effect that the spring projections  306  are moved in the direction of the distribution channel  12  and the cone jacket  143  will finally sealingly rest against the sealing surface  277 . 
   The jointly described  FIGS. 35  to  37  show another embodiment of the control element  1  as defined by the invention. The control element  1  has a housing part  321  that is detachably or undetachably connected with another housing part  322  in the inner surfaces  323 ,  324  facing each other. In the opposite direction to the housing part  322 , the housing part  321  is defined by an outer surface  325  extending parallel with the inner surface  323 , said outer surface being spaced from the inner surface  323  in the opposite direction of the housing part  322  by a housing part depth  326 . The housing parts  321 ,  322  have the center planes  327 ,  328  that are arranged at right angles in relation to the inner surface  323  and at right angles in relation to each other. The zone of intersection of the two center planes  327 ,  328  forms a center axis  329 . The housing part  321  has an attachment  330  extending concentrically around the center axis  329  in a zone facing away from the outer surface  325 . Said attachment is defined by an attachment diameter  331  that defines on the outside an attachment surface  332  extending concentrically around the center axis  329 . An inward molding  333  extends circularly around the center axis  329  extends from the attachment surface  332  in the opposite direction relative to the center axis  329 . Located in a plane that is disposed at a right angle in relation to the center axis  329 , said inward molding has a face  334  that is spaced from a plane surface  336  of the attachment  330  by a molding depth  337  in the direction of the outer surface  325 , said plane surface defining the attachment surface  332  in the opposite direction relative to the outer surface  325  and extending parallel with said outer surface. Said inward molding  333  is defined by an inner surface  338  in the opposite direction relative to the center axis  329 , said inner surface extending concentrically around the center axis  329  and facing the attachment surface  332 , and extending over a molding diameter  339  concentrically around the center axis  329 . The housing parts  321 ,  322  have a housing part height  340  and a housing part width  341 . The molding diameter  339  is in this connection smaller than the housing part height  340  or the housing part width  341  which, for example, have the same dimension. A channel  8  extends along the center axis  329 , whereby the center axis  329  forms the bore axis  13  of the channel  88 , the latter being realized as a secondary channel  8 . The latter has the connection thread  14  in the zone of the outer surface  325 . A sealing element  336  is arranged in the zone of the plane surface  336 , said element preferably extending concentrically around the center axis  329 . 
   The housing part  322  has an outer surface  343  that extends from the inner surface  324  spaced by a housing part depth  342  in the opposite direction relative to the housing part  321  and parallel with the outer surface  325 . Furthermore, said housing part has an inward molding  344  extending rotation-symmetrically around the center axis  329 , said molding having a first face  345  extending at a right angle in relation to the center axis  329 , and being spaced from the inner surface  324  by a face depth  346  in the opposite direction relative to the housing part  321 . Said first face is bound by a inner surface  347  in the opposite direction in relation to the center axis  329 , said inner surface extending rotation-symmetrically around the center axis  329 , said inner surface  347  extending over a first molding diameter  348  concentrically around the center axis  329 . The first molding diameter  348  corresponds in this connection with the molding diameter  339  of the molding  333  located in the housing part  321 . The molding  344  has a second face  349  extending parallel with the first face  345 , said second face being spaced from the first face  345  in the opposite direction relative to the inner surface  324  by a face depth  350  in the direction  350  in the direction of the outer surface  343 . Said second face  349  is defined by an inner surface  351  that has a second molding diameter  352  concentrically extending around the center axis  329 , said second molding diameter being smaller than the first molding diameter  348 , and being arranged concentrically in relation to the first molding diameter and concentrically with respect to the center axis. The channels  8  extend from the outer surface  343  up to the second face  349 , and their bore axes  13  extend parallel with the center axis  329  and at right angles in relation to the outer surface  343 . The bore axes  13  are disposed in a hole circle  353  extending concentrically around the center axis  329 , with a hole circle radius  354  measured from the center axis  329 . One channel  8  is realized in this connection as a feed channel  15  whose bore axis  13  is disposed, for example in the center plane  327 . The other channel  8  is realized, for example as an exhaust channel  16  whose bore axis  13  is spaced from the bore axis  13  of the feed channel  15  by an angle  355  of, for example 60 degrees. In the zone of the outer surface  343 , said channels  8  again have a connection thread  14 . 
   Furthermore, the housing part  322  has a deepening groove  356  that projects from the second face  349  in the direction of the outer surface  341 . The deepening groove  356  has a groove depth  357  measured at a right angle in relation to the second face  349 , and it is arranged in the form of a circle around the center axis  329 , whereby it has a circular center line  359  extending around the center axis  329  with a radius  358 . In the end zones, the deepening groove  356  extends in the form of a semi-circle with the center points  360 , which are disposed on the center line  359  and are spaced from each by the angle  355  as well. 
   An inner space is created by the inward molding  333  of the housing part  321  and the inward molding  344  of the housing part  322 . Said interior space contains, for example two moving elements  11  rotatably arranged therein as the rotational bodies  362 ,  363 , whereby for example the rotational body  362  is associated with the housing part  322  and the rotational body  363  with the housing part  321 . The rotational body  362  has an attachment  364  that has a plane attachment surface  365  that is facing the second face  349 , and which defined by an attachment diameter  366  that defines an attachment jacket surface  367  extending concentrically around the center axis  329 . The attachment jacket surface  367  projects in the opposite direction of the second face  249  of the plane attachment surface  365  by an attachment length  368  in the direction of the housing part  321  and is defined by a plane surface  369  extending parallel with the plane attachment surface  365 . 
   The rotational body  362 , furthermore, has a distribution channel  370  that consists of a longitudinal groove  371  arranged in the zone of the plane attachment surface  365 , and a bore  372 . The longitudinal groove  371  is realized in the form similar to an oblong hole and has two center axes  374 ,  375  that are spaced from one another by a length  373 , whereby the center axis  375  forms at the same time a bore axis  376  of the bore  372 , which in turn coincides with the bore axis  13  of the secondary channel  18  arranged in the housing: part  321 . The length  373  of the longitudinal groove  371  corresponds in this connection with the hole circle radius  354  of the channels  8  arranged in the housing part  322 . The longitudinal groove  371 , furthermore, is bound on the outside by a sealing element  22 . 
   Facing away from the plane surface  369  and extending parallel with the latter, the rotational body  362  has another plane surface  377  that is spaced from the plane surface  369  by a width  378  in the direction of the housing part  321 . The plane surface  377  has a cylindrical deepening  379  that is arranged eccentrically in relation to the center axis  329 . Furthermore, the plane surface  377  is overtopped in the direction of the housing part  321  by an attachment  380  extending cylindrically around the center axis  329 . Said attachment has a plane attachment surface  381  disposed in a plane disposed at a right angle in relation to the center axis  329 , said plane attachment surface  381  being spaced from the plane surface  377  by an attachment length  382  in the direction of the housing part  321 . Furthermore, the plane attachment surface  381  is defined by an attachment jacket surface  383  extending concentrically around the center axis  329  and being defined by an attachment diameter  384 . Said diameter corresponds in this connection with the attachment diameter  331  of the attachment  330  of the housing part  321 . The plane surfaces  369  and  377  are defined by a face  385  extending concentrically around the center axis  329 , said face  385  extending around the center axis  329  with a face diameter  386 . Furthermore, in the opposite direction in relation to the center axis  329 , the face  385  is overtopped by the tooth-shaped projections  387 . The latter are spaced from one another by 90 degrees, so that the rotational body  362  has a total of four tooth-like projections  387 . 
   The face  385  and the inner surface  347  of the inward molding  344  of the housing part  322  define an intermediate space  388  extending circularly around the center axis  329 . The means  30  and the transmission element  31  formed by the covers  32  are arranged in said intermediate space. The means  30  are preferably undetachably connected with a ring-shaped basic body  389  that concentrically extends around the center axis  329 , and have the heating surfaces  390  facing the rotational body  362 , said heating surfaces being overtopped by the covers  32  in the direction of the center axis  329 . Six heating elements  36 , for example, are combined to form a heating device group  391 , whereby four of such heating device groups  391  are present in the interior space  361 . A chamber  92  of the cover  32  is associated in each case with one heating element  36 . One chamber  92  is offset in this connection from an adjacent chamber  92  by an angle  392 , which, for example, amounts to 10 degrees. For example one cover  32  having six chambers  92  is combined in each case to form a transmission element group  393 , whereby the chambers  92  of said transmission element group  392  correspond with the heating elements  36  of the heating device group  391  associated with said transmission element group. 
   The transmission element groups  393  and thus also the heating device groups  391  are arranged in relation to each other in such a way that viewed clockwise, a first chamber  92  of a first transmission element group  393  is spaced from a first chamber  92  of the second transmission element group  393  by an angular offset  394  of 92.5 degrees. The layout is the same with the first chambers of the third and fourth transmission element groups  393 . The first chamber  92  of the fourth transmission element group  393  is offset from the second chamber  92  of the first transmission element group  393  by the angular offset  394  as well. One projection  387  of the rotational body  362  is associated with each transmission element group  393 . 
   Now, when the flow path from the feed channel  15  to the secondary channel  18  is to be changed in such a way that a flow path is made available between the exhaust channel  16  and the secondary channel  18 , the longitudinal groove  371  of the distribution channel  370  has to be moved into a position in which it coincides with the exhaust channel  16 . 
   For this purpose, the rotational body  362  is put into rotation clockwise around the center axis  329 . This is accomplished in that the first chamber  92  of the first transmission element group  393 , i.e the high-boiling liquid contained in said chamber is now thermally acted upon by means of the heating element  36  associated with that chamber. This causes the cover  32  defining said chamber  92  to expand and to exert a force of pressure on the flank  395  defining the projection  387 . This then turns the rotational body  362  clockwise, for example by 2.5 degrees, with the effect that the projection  387  associated with the second transmission element group  393  is moved by 2.5 degrees as well, with the result that the first chamber  92  of the second transmission element group  393 , i.e. a center axis of said chamber  92  has an angle of 2.5 degrees in relation to a center axis of the second projection  387 . 
   Now, when the liquid contained in the first chamber  92  of the second transmission element group  393  expands, the projection  387  associated with said chamber is acted upon by a force of pressure that moves the rotational body  362  by 2.5 degrees, so that the third projection  387  has an angular offset of 2.5 degrees with respect to the first chamber of the third moving group. Upon expansion of the first chamber  92  of the third transmission element group  393 , said angular offset is increased to 5 degrees, so that the fourth projection  387 , in the non-expanded position, has an angular offset of 2.5 degrees as well in relation to the first chamber  92  of the fourth transmission element group  393 , which is increased then to 5 degrees when said first chamber  92  of the fourth transmission element group  393  is expanded. This then, in turn causes the first projection  387  to be moved by 2.5 degrees, so that said projection then has an angular offset of 2.5 degrees in relation to the second chamber  92  of the first transmission element group  393 . This now makes it possible for the rotational body  362  to be rotated in each case by a fraction of the angular offset  394 , whereby a pin  396 , the latter overtopping the plane attachment surface  356  in the direction of the basic housing part  322 , and being arranged in the deepening groove  356 , is moved on in the deepening groove  356  that is forming a stop, so that when the distribution channel  370 , in particular the longitudinal groove  371 , is in a position coinciding with the exhaust channel  16 , any further rotational motion of the rotational body  362  is prevented. 
   For the purpose of rotational motion of the rotational body  362  anti-clockwise, i.e. for restoring the flow connection between the secondary channel  18  and the feed channel  15 , another rotational body  363  is arranged in the inner space  361 . Said rotational body has a driver pin  397  that projects into the rotational body  362 . Said second rotational body  363  also has the means  30  and the transmission elements  31  formed by the covers  32  as described above, which, however, function in the reverse direction. The rotational body  363  has a bore  398  arranged rotation-symmetrically in relation to the center axis  329 . Said bore has a bore diameter  399  that is larger than the attachment diameter  331 , whereby an intermediate space is arranged between the attachment diameter  331  and the bore diameter  399 . Said intermediate space contain, for example a sliding bearing  400  that is supported both on the attachment  380  and on the attachment  330 . Furthermore, the housing parts  321 ,  322  have the line ducts  401 , via which the lines  50  lead from the multiple plug  241  to the basic body  389 , in which, for example the conductor paths  134  (not shown) are arranged that lead to the individual heating elements  36  of the individual heating device groups  391 . Of course, the values for the angle  392  or the angular offset  394  or for the number of the chambers  92  of the transmission element group  393  as well as for the number of the projections  387  can be selected differently. 
     FIG. 38  is a schematic representation of a controlling device  402  for a medium-actuated consumer  403 , in particular for a pneumatic cylinder  404 . The pneumatic cylinder  404  is designed, for example as a double-action medium-actuated cylinder and has the two medium connections  405 , from which the connection lines  406 , in particular the compressed air lines  407  lead to the secondary channels  18  of the control elements  1 . The feed channels  15  of the control elements  1  are, for example, combined to form a common medium feed line  181 . The latter is connected with a pressure source  408 , for example a compressor. The exhaust channels  16  of the control elements  1  are, for example, combined to form a common medium exhaust line  182  as well, whereby the medium is exhausted into the environment, for example via a sound damper  409 . The holding or locking devices  59  as well as the pre-control valves  248 , in particular their heating devices  35  are connected via the lines  50  or the conductor paths  134  (shown by dashed lines) to a controlling unit  410 , for example a microprocessor. The latter controls the control elements  1  as required for the purposes or functions of the consumer  403 , whereby the control elements  1  or the controlling unit  410  can be directly integrated in the medium connection  405 , so that the connection lines  406  as well as the lines  50  or the conductor paths  134  can be omitted. 
   However, the pneumatic cylinder  404  can be designed also in such a way that a cylinder jacket  411  has the internally extending medium channels  412  that extend, for example from a connection zone  414  on the face side, to an inner zone  414  defined by the cylinder jacket  411 . The connection zone  413  contains, for example a control element group  415  that is formed by one or a plurality of the described control elements  1 , and which has the central connections  416  for the feed air and the exhaust air. Said connections are in turn connected to the medium feed line  181  and the medium exhaust line  182 . 
   The jointly described  FIGS. 39 and 40  show another embodiment of the control element  1  as defined by the invention. Said control element consists of a basic body  97  that has the closing elements  40  on the side surfaces  6 . The closing elements  40 , furthermore, have the cylindrical projections  417  extending preferably concentrically around the center axis  9 . Said projections have the end surfaces  418 , which are acing each other and which extend parallel with each other and parallel with the side surfaces  6 . The end surfaces  418  are overtopped by an electromagnetic element  419  in directions facing one another, said element  419  being line-collected via the lines  50  or the conductor paths  134  with a coupling device  131  arranged in the closing element  40 . The moving element  11  has the permanent-magnetic elements  420  on the faces  19  facing away from each other, said elements  420  having the outside diameters  421  and the inside diameters  422  extending concentrically around the center axis  9 . The outside diameter  421  corresponds in this connection, for example with a projection diameter  423  that extends concentrically around the central axis  9 , said projection diameter also defining the electromagnetic element  419 . The inside diameter  422  defines an inner face  424  of the permanent-magnetic element  420 , said face extending concentrically around the center axis  9  and being arranged at a right angle in relation to the face  19 . The inner face  424  and the face  19  and a contact surface  425  defining the electromagnetic element  419  in the opposite direction relative to the projection  417  define an inner zone  426 . Now, when the moving element  11  is to be displaced along the center axis  9 , current is admitted to an electromagnetic element  419  via the lines  50  or conductor paths  134  and to the coupling device  131 , and an electromagnetic force is exerted on the permanent-magnetic element  420  that is facing said electromagnetic element  419 . This attracts the moving element  11  and a detachable connection is made on the contact surface  425 . Now, when the moving element  11  is to be moved in the other direction, the other electromagnetic element  419  exerts an electromagnetic force on the other electromagnetic element  420  facing said electromagnetic element  419 . What is achieved in this connection by means of the inner zone  426  is that after the feed of current has been cancelled, the permanent-magnetic element  420  will not longer adhere to the electromagnetic element  419  due to electromagnetic attraction, so that this connection can be easily cancelled and mobility of the moving element  11  is made possible in the other direction. 
   Of course, the individual variations and details described herein can be realized in the form of standardized components that can be assembled to produce a modular entity. It is made possible in this way, for example to produce valve blocks with field bus connections, as they are offered in the market by manufacturers of pneumatic equipment at the time of the present application. In particular, the switching modules and, if necessary, the control modules for producing the valve blocks can be formed by using pneumatic distributor strips and/or electric distributor rails, as this has been described in detail in DE 30 42 205 C3 by the same Applicant. The content of said patent is wholly incorporated herein by reference as a disclosure of the present application. 
   For the sake of good order it is finally pointed out that for the purpose of better understanding of the structure of the control element  1 , the latter or its components are partly shown untrue to scale and/or enlarged and/or scaled down. 
   Most of all, the individual embodiments shown in  FIGS. 1  to  40  may form the object of independent inventive solutions as defined by the invention. The respective problems and solutions are disclosed in the detailed descriptions of said figures. 
   List of Reference Numerals 
   
       
         1  Control element 
         2  Pneumatic valve 
         3  Top side 
         4  Height 
         5  Bottom side 
         6  Side surface 
         7  Length 
         8  Channel 
         9  Center axis 
         10  Guide device 
         11  Moving element 
         12  Distribution channel 
         13  Bore axis 
         14  Connection thread 
         15  Feed channel 
         16  Exhaust channel 
         17  Spacing 
         18  Secondary channel 
         19  Face 
         20  Collar 
         21  Deepening 
         22  Sealing element 
         23  Inside diameter 
         24  Spacing 
         25  Channel diameter 
         26  Intermediate element 
         27  Diameter 
         28  Collar diameter 
         29  Spacing 
         30  Means 
         31  Transmission element 
         32  Cover 
         33  Inner space 
         34  Outer surface 
         35  Heating device 
         36  Heating elements 
         37  Heating resistor 
         38  Distance 
         39  Receptacle 
         40  Closing element 
         41  Threaded section 
         42  Outside diameter 
         43  Core diameter 
         44  Female thread 
         45  Surface 
         46  Projection 
         47  Projection diameter 
         48  Projection length 
         49  Front surface 
         50  Line 
         51  Hexagonal receptacle 
         52  Spacing 
         53  Monitoring element 
         54  Approximation switch 
         55  Distance 
         56  Receiving groove 
         57  Spacing 
         58  Holding groove 
         59  Holding and/or locking device 
         60  Inner surface 
         61  Inner side 
         62  Surface 
         63  Spacing 
         64  Back side 
         65  Housing 
         66  Jacket 
         67  Face parts 
         68  Width 
         69  Width 
         70  Opening 
         71  Wave energy source 
         72  Wave generator 
         73  Microwave generator 
         74  Axis 
         75  Connection line 
         76  Plug 
         77  Threaded bore 
         78  Length 
         79  Back surface 
         80  End length 
         81  Spacing 
         82  Deepening edge 
         83  Distance 
       
         84 
       
       
         85 
       
         86  Jacket line 
         87  Channel height 
         88  Surface 
         89  Side surface 
         90  Length 
         91  Opening 
         92  Chamber 
         93  Main blocking element 
         94  Width 
         95  Width 
         96  Bus-plug 
         97  Basic body 
         98  Additional body 
         99  Collecting element 
         100  Width 
         101  Transverse plane 
         102  Longitudinal plane 
         103  Opening 
         104  Deepening 
         105  Inner surface 
         106  Groove depth 
         107  Inner side surface 
         108  Groove width 
         109  Sealing element 
         110  Height 
         111  Outer side 
         112  Connection opening 
         113  Connection thread 
         114  Base plate 
         115  Width 
         116  Longitudinal plane 
         117  Length 
         113  Transverse side surface 
         119  Longitudinal side surface 
         120  Bottom side 
         121  Height 
         122  Top side 
         123  Longitudinal plane 
         124  Transverse plane 
         125  Spacing 
         126  Spacing 
         127  Face element 
         128  Face height 
         129  Face 
         130  Coupling receptacle 
         131  Coupling device 
         132  Plug socket 
         133  Line 
         134  Conductor path 
         135  Motherboard 
         136  Coupling projection 
         137  Coupling element 
         138  Plug element 
         139  Line 
         140  Lifting piston 
         141  Sealing section 
         142  Cylinder jacket 
         143  Cone jacket 
         144  Jacket diameter 
         145  Diameter 
         146  Cone part 
         147  Bar 
         148  Spacing 
         149  Collard 
         150  Collar diameter 
         151  Tie rod 
         152  Threaded section 
         153  Opening 
         154  Spring element 
         155  Dish element 
         156  Sealing seat 
         157  Front side 
         158  Multi-layer element 
         159  Element 
         160  Base plate 
         161  Recess 
         162  Top side 
         163  Sealing layer 
         164  Layer 
         165  Layer 
         166  Sealing surface 
         167  Spacing 
         168  Release 
         169  Deformation zone 
         170  Bending edge 
         171  Base plate thickness 
         172  Hydraulic valve 
         173  Intermediate element length 
         174  Coil 
         175  Spacing 
         176  Inside diameter 
         177  Outside diameter 
         178  Distribution section 
         179  Sealing partition 
         180  Medium main line 
         181  Medium feed line 
         182  Medium exhaust line 
         183  Distance 
         184  Spacing 
         185  Groove 
         186  Groove bottom 
         187  Inner surface 
         188  Bolt 
         189  Bolt length 
         190  Bolt diameter 
         191  Recess diameter 
         192  Recess 
         193  End zone 
         194  Depth 
         195  Bearing element 
         196  Sliding bearing bush 
         197  Transverse bridge 
         198  Circumferential bridge 
         199  Height 
         200  Width 
         201  Groove side 
         202  Intersection edge 
         203  Surface 
         204  Axis spacing 
         205  Inward molding 
         206  Plane of symmetry 
         207  Surface line 
         208  Inward molding depth 
         209  Spacing 
         210  Height 
         211  Segment 
         212  End edge 
         213  Spacing 
         214  Spacing 
         215  Lateral offset 
         216  End edge 
         217  Stop 
         218  Stop surface 
         219  Face 
         220  Alignment 
         221  End edge 
         222  Flange plate 
         223  Outer surface 
         224  Deepening groove 
         225  Groove width 
         226  Groove depth 
         227  Spacing 
         228  Distance 
         229  Spacing 
         230  Contact element 
         231  Contact bridge 
         232  Groove bottom 
         233  Inner bore 
         234  Outer surface 
         235  Bore depth 
         236  Flange thickness 
         237  Bore diameter 
         238  Line element 
         239  Line 
         240  Coupling device 
         241  Multiple plug 
         242  Contact element 
         243  Coupling device 
         244  Receptacle opening 
         245  Device axis 
         246  Projection 
         247  Collar 
         248  Pre-control valve 
         249  Damping element 
         250  Spacing 
         251  Locking groove 
         252  Locking element 
         253  Distance 
         254  Width 
         255  Center axis 
         256  Width 
         257  Stroke 
         258  Locking pin 
         259  Bore 
         260  Plane surface 
         261  Recess 
         262  Inside thread 
         263  Plate 
         264  Face 
         265  Closing element 
         266  Face 
         267  Face 
         268  Spring element 
         269  Surface 
         270  Point 
         271  Piezo-element 
         272  Diaphragm 
         273  Face 
         274  Flat coil 
         274 ′ Opening 
         275  Lifting piston axis 
         276  Lifting piston receptacle 
         277  Sealing surface 
         278  Plane surface 
         279  Lifting piston bore 
         280  Height 
         281  Diameter 
         282  Sealing diameter 
         283  Spacing 
         284  Guide bore 
         285  Bore diameter 
         286  Guide sleeve 
         287  Inside diameter 
         288  Bottom side 
         289  Ring surface 
         290  Thickness 
         291  Top side 
         292  Ring surface 
         293  Ring surface 
         294  Sleeve height 
         295  Depth 
         296  Projection 
         297  Inner side 
         298  Cover plate 
         299  Inward molding 
         300  Outside diameter 
         301  Inside diameter 
         302  Inner face 
         303  Slot 
         304  Angular offset 
         305  Slot depth 
         306  Spring projection 
         307  Projection 
         308  Projection diameter 
         309  Sealing diameter 
         310  Plane surface 
         311  Width 
         312  Locking collar 
         313  Collar diameter 
         314  Collar surface 
         315  Connecting element 
         316  Diameter 
         317  Guide piston 
         318  Intermediate element 
         319  Outer side 
         320  Sliding element 
         321  Housing part 
         322  Housing part 
         323  Inner surface 
         324  Inner surface 
         325  Outer surface 
         326  Housing part depth 
         327  Center plane 
         328  Center plane 
         329  Center axis 
         330  Attachment 
         331  Attachment diameter 
         332  Attachment surface 
         333  Inward molding 
         334  Face 
       
         335 
       
         336  Plane surface 
         337  Molding depth 
         338  Inner surface 
         339  Molding diameter 
         340  Housing part height 
         341  Housing part width 
         342  Housing part depth 
         343  Outer surface 
         344  Inward molding 
         345  Face (first) 
         346  Face depth 
         347  Inner surface 
         348  (first) molding diameter 
         349  (second) face 
         350  Face depth 
         351  Inner surface 
         352  (second) molding diameter 
         353  Hole circle 
         354  Hole circle radius 
         355  Angle 
         356  Deepening groove 
         357  Groove depth 
         358  Radius 
         359  Center line 
         360  Center point 
         361  Inner space 
         362  Rotational body 
         363  Rotational body 
         364  Attachment 
         365  Plane attachment surface 
         366  Attachment diameter 
         367  Attachment jacket surface 
         368  Attachment length 
         369  Plane surface 
         370  Distribution channel 
         371  Longitudinal groove 
         372  Bore 
         373  Length 
         374  Center axis 
         375  Center axis 
         376  Bore axis 
         377  Plane surface 
         378  Width 
         379  Deepening 
         380  Attachment 
         381  Plane attachment surface 
         382  Attachment length 
         383  Attachment jacket surface 
         384  Attachment diameter 
         385  Face 
         386  Face diameter 
         387  Projection 
         388  Intermediate space 
         389  Basic body 
         390  Heating surface 
         391  Heating device group 
         392  Angle 
         393  Transmission element group 
         394  Angular offset 
         395  Flank 
         396  Pin 
         397  Driver pin 
         398  Bore 
         399  Bore diameter 
         400  Sliding bearing 
         401  Line channel 
         402  Controlling device 
         403  Consumer 
         404  Pneumatic cylinder 
         405  Media connection 
         406  Connection line 
         407  Compressed air line 
         408  Pressure source 
         409  Sound damper 
         410  Controlling unit 
         411  Cylinder jacket 
         412  Media channel 
         413  Connection zone 
         414  Inner zone 
         415  Control element group 
         416  Connection 
         417  Projection 
         418  End surface 
         419  Element 
         420  Element 
         421  Outside diameter 
         422  Inside diameter 
         423  Projection diameter 
         424  Inner face 
         425  Contact surface 
         426  Inner zone.