Patent Publication Number: US-9416921-B2

Title: Vapor lamp assembly technique

Description:
The present invention is related to, and claims priority to, U.S. Provisional Patent application No. 61/486,582 filed May 16, 2011. Application Ser. No. 61/486,582 is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to the field of LED lamps and more particularly to a vapor lamp assembly technique and power supply. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamps currently on the market usually consist of a fairly heavy aluminum base that incorporates a power supply and has LEDs mounted onto it (such as shown in  FIG. 1 ). The aluminum therefore is providing the heat sink for the power supply and also the LEDs. This generally results in a lamp that weighs 5 or 6 ounces due to the amount of aluminum used for the heatsink even for a lamp that only replaces a 40 watt incandescent lamp. 
     A totally different type of LED lamp which is a vapor cooled LED lamp has been described in a sister application having U.S. Published Patent Application Number 2011/0193479 naming the present inventors (which is U.S. application Ser. No. 13/020,909 filed Feb. 4, 2011—application Ser. No. 13/020,909 is hereby incorporated by reference). 
     It would be advantageous to have a way of assembling a vapor cooled LED lamp that uses existing designs for incandescent bulb manufacturing equipment with only minor modifications, and has an efficient, advanced power supply. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a new type of LED lamp, a vapor cooled LED lamp. The vapor cooled LED lamp couples a heatsink with LEDs mounted on it to a glass envelope with a surface area equivalent to approximately that of a conventional light bulb, and by using a coolant vapor within the glass envelop, the lamp can be made much lighter and more cheaply. The heat generated by the LEDs is dissipated primarily by the glass surface and not conducted into the heatsink. The heatsink can thus be made considerably smaller since it is mostly only used for cooling the power supply. This allows for a reduced operating temperature for the power supply components that will allow for a longer expected life for the power supply. In addition, the light bulb of the present invention can have the same shape and appearance as a standard incandescent bulb which has been in use for over 100 years. In addition, the LED lamp of the present invention can have an advanced flyback power supply. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       Attention is now directed to several drawings that illustrate features of the present invention: 
         FIG. 1  shows a prior art LED lamp. 
         FIG. 2  shows an LED mount that inserts into a glass bulb. 
         FIG. 3  shows an LED lamp of the present invention in an Edison base. 
         FIG. 4  shows a way of mounting and soldering LEDs to a thermally conductive substrate. 
         FIGS. 5A-5B  show use of a grooved substrate. 
         FIG. 6  shows an advanced flyback power supply circuit according to the present invention. 
     
    
    
     Several drawings and illustrations have been presented to aid in understanding the invention. The scope of the present invention is not limited to what is shown in the figures. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention relates to assembling a new type of vapor cooled LED lamp having a heatsink with LEDs mounted on it in a glass envelope with a surface area equivalent to approximately that of a conventional light bulb. The lamp is cooled by the vapor of a coolant within the glass envelope (described in U.S. 2011/0193479). The heat generated by the LEDs is dissipated by the glass surface and not conducted into the heatsink that is also the heatsink for the power supply. This construction permits the lamp to be either omni-directional or directional. 
     A power supply that converts AC voltage from the power lines to a DC current suitable for powering LEDs can be incorporated into the base of the lamp assembly. This is useful for a fixed voltage source such as the AC house mains. 
       FIG. 1  shows a prior art LED lamp. The lamp has a defusing cover  19 , and internal LEDs  2 , cooling fins  3  that are part of an aluminum heat sink  4 , an internally mounted power supply  5  and an Edison base  6 . The heat sink  4  is large and heavy since it must dissipate both the heat from the power supply and the heat from the LEDs  2 . 
       FIGS. 2-3  show an embodiment of a vapor cooled LED lamp. A first aspect of the present invention is to provide a cost effective way to assemble LED light bulbs, such as the bulb shown in  FIG. 3 , using a process that takes advantage of assembly equipment designs (with some modification) for the assembly of incandescent light bulbs. Using these existing, highly automated processes can significantly reduce the cost of the manufacturing process and provide a use for these, soon to be obsolete, equipment designs. 
       FIG. 2  shows an exploded view of an embodiment of the LED lamp of the present invention. A bulb  1  is a glass envelope. LEDs  11  are mounted on a thermally conducting structure  10  or internal stem. An optional wick  12  can be used to draw cooling fluid up into the bulb from an optional reservoir. The thermal structure  10  can have an optional glass base  9  to make it compatible with the incandescent manufacturing process. An evacuation tube  8  allows cooling fluid to be injected and/or air to be drawn out. Optionally, other gasses can be injected into the bulb. Electrical leads  7  lead to a DC power supply. The lamp can be assembled using almost the same type of tooling as that used to assemble conventional incandescent lamps.  FIG. 3  shows a finished lamp assembled according to the present invention. It resembles a classical incandescent lamp. The glass bulb  1  can be identical to that of a conventional lamp. The LED power supply  5  can be mounted internally in and above the standard Edison base  6 . The primary difference in the assembly process for the present invention over that of a conventional incandescent lamp is the injection of a small amount of cooling liquid or vapor into the lamp (the fluid will vaporize when heated). As stated, gases such as nitrogen, noble gases and other gases may also optionally be injected. The LEDs are mounted on the thermally conductive structure which can be fabricated separately for insertion during the manufacturing process. 
     Because the LED light bulb of the present invention typically includes an Edison base, a glass bulb and a glass or other base or stem just like a conventional light bulb. The LED light bulb can be assembled using the same manufacturing equipment used to manufacture incandescent light bulbs. Namely, the stem is mounted and electrically connected to the base; the bulb is sealed over the stem and base, and the bulb is evacuated through an evacuation tube. The LED light bulb additionally requires a power supply mounted in or above the base, and the injection of a small amount of cooling fluid. These additional steps require only minimal modifications to the existing manufacturing equipment designs. 
     A second aspect of the present invention, illustrated in  FIG. 4 , is to provide a way of mounting and soldering the LEDs  11  to a thermally conductive substrate panel  15  that can be flat, and then bending that substrate to form a hollow cylinder-like structure with three or more segments or sides  16 . The substrate may be a common printed circuit board, in which case, jumpers  13 ,  14  can be added before bending to hold the segments together, or the substrate can be metal such as aluminum. Some of the jumpers may be used to provide electrical connections  13  and others may be used to mechanically bind the segments together  14 . This would be used in the case where an epoxy based printed circuit board is used, and the board could break and lose continuity, or if bending the aluminum tends to break the printed circuit path at the point of bending. Electrical connections  17  can lead away from the substrate  15  to a DC power supply in the base. 
     In the case of a metal substrate  15  as shown in  FIGS. 5A-5B , the side  20  of the panel that does not have LEDs  11  mounted on it can be scored with one or more grooves  18  to facilitate bending and to control the line at which the bending occurs. In the case of either a metal substrate, or a common printed circuit board, holes or slots may be provided to facilitate bending or breaking along a specific line. 
     A final aspect of the present invention, illustrated in  FIG. 6 , is to provide a power supply circuit adapted to driving LEDs. When LED lamps are intended to replace incandescent light bulbs, even with the LEDs are connected in series, the total forward voltage drop is substantially less than the peak voltage value of the AC power line. Power supply topologies commonly used in the art for this purpose are the buck converter and the flyback converter using an isolated winding on the inductor to step-down the voltage. The present invention provides an alternative solution in situations where isolation is not required. This is accomplished by referencing the low or return side of the DC output voltage to the positive rail of the bridge rectifier. This eliminates the requirement that the minimum DC output voltage be greater than the maximum peak AC line voltage that exists with common non-isolated or non-tapped flyback converters. 
     Another feature of the topology of the present invention, which can be seen in  FIG. 6 , is that a capacitor can be used to signal when the stored energy of the flyback inductor has been transferred to the output load (which may or may not include a capacitor). When the energy transfer from the flyback inductor is complete, the voltage across transistor Q 1  begins to drop. This drop in voltage is fed through capacitor C 6  pulling pin  2  of IC 1  low. IC 1  can be a TLC555 circuit or equivalent. This causes pin  3  to go high turning on transistor Q 1  and starting a new cycle which pulls current through L 2  and through the transistor Q 1 . When C 3  charges to two thirds of the TLC555&#39;s supply voltage, pin  3  goes low turning off Q 1  and Q 1 &#39;s drain goes high. When this occurs, the charge on capacitor C 6  is transferred to capacitor C 7  to supply the DC voltage required by the control circuit. C 8  can be varied to control the ripple of the voltage applied to the LEDs. In some embodiments, C 8  can be omitted. 
     The following component values may be used in a particular example embodiment of the power supply of the present invention: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 IC1 
                 TLC555 
               
               
                   
                 D1-D4 
                 1N4004 
               
               
                   
                 D5, D6, D8 
                 1N4148 
               
               
                   
                 D7, D9 
                 1N4937 
               
               
                   
                 Q1 
                 IR9525 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 L1 
                 0.15  
                 mH 
               
               
                   
                 L2 
                 0.4  
                 mH 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 R1 
                  91K 
               
               
                   
                 R2 
                  7.5K 
               
               
                   
                 R3 
                 100K 
               
               
                   
                 R4 
                  1K 
               
               
                   
                 R5 
                  22K 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 C1 
                 .0047  
                 uF 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 .1  
                 uF 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 220  
                 pF 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 330  
                 pF 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 .0047  
                 uF 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 39  
                 pF 
               
               
                   
                 C7 
                 4.7  
                 uF 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 C8 
                 0 uF to 150 uf (0 uF meaning omitted) 
               
               
                   
                 LEDs 
                 CREE XPGWHT-L1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     While particular component values have been given for this example, numerous other values and/or variations in these values can be used. The circuit shown in  FIG. 6 , and the list of components above is simply for example. Numerous other circuits and component values are within the scope of the present invention. 
     The present invention provides a convenient solution to the problem of assembling and manufacturing LED lamps using techniques and equipment conventionally used for the manufacture of incandescent light bulbs. The solution includes a unique type of thermal mounting structure and a unique, efficient power supply. 
     Several descriptions and figures have been provided to aid in understanding the present invention. One with skill in the art will realize that numerous changes and variations may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Each of these changes and variations is within the scope of the present invention.