Patent Publication Number: US-11045625-B2

Title: Medical devices, methods, and kits for delivering medication to a bodily passage

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/456,670, filed Mar. 13, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/725,274, filed May 29, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/832,800, which was filed Mar. 15, 2013 and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/612,604, filed Mar. 19, 2012. The entire disclosure of each of these related applications is hereby incorporated into this disclosure by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The disclosure relates generally to medical devices. More particularly, the disclosure relates to catheters useful in delivering a medication to a bodily passage, such as a sinus cavity. The disclosure also relates to delivery systems, methods and kits. 
     BACKGROUND 
     It is sometimes necessary or otherwise desirable to deliver a medication to a bodily passage, such as a sinus cavity. For example, when sinus cavities become infected or inflamed, delivering a medication to the affected area provides an approach to address the infection or inflammation. Conventional procedures include performing nasal rinses and using nebulizers to deliver a medication, such as therapeutic agents, into the nasal passages with hopes that some therapeutic agent will reach the infected or inflamed sinus cavity. These approaches, however, are minimally effective at delivering the medication to the sinus cavity because they rely on indirect delivery of the medication to the cavity. 
     While some methods of treatment achieve direct delivery of the medication to the cavity, these methods also have disadvantages. For example, a tube with an anchoring member at its distal end can be placed into the cavity to provide access for delivery. These devices and techniques, however, lack sufficient structure to achieve a uniform distribution of the medication throughout the cavity and placement of the tube must be done without the aid of a delivery system, which increases the complexity and time required to position the tube in the cavity. Also, the anchoring member occludes the sinus opening through which the tube has been deployed, which can block the natural outflow of material from the cavity. 
     A further alternative method of treatment involves the systemic administration of oral antibiotics and/or steroids. This approach, however, can have limited effectiveness and may lead to systemic consequences. For example, long-term use of corticosteroids has been associated with spasms of the large airways, fungus infection, decreased bone thickness, and/or growth impediments. 
     Therefore, a need exists for improved medical devices, methods and kits for delivering a medication to a bodily passage, such as a sinus cavity. 
     SUMMARY 
     Various exemplary medical devices, catheters, delivery systems, and methods are described. 
     An exemplary medical device for treating a sinus cavity comprises a delivery system and a catheter. The delivery system comprises a housing, a cannula, and a pusher. The housing has a housing proximal end, a housing distal end, and defines a first housing opening, a second housing opening, and a housing lumen. The housing lumen extends between the first housing opening and the second housing opening. The cannula has a cannula proximal end, a cannula distal end, and defines a first cannula opening, a second cannula opening, and a cannula lumen. The cannula lumen extends between the first cannula opening and the second cannula opening. The cannula is attached to the housing such that the housing lumen and the cannula lumen are in communication. The pusher has a pusher proximal end and a pusher distal end that is slidably disposed in the cannula lumen. The catheter has at least a portion disposed in the cannula lumen and has a catheter proximal end, a catheter distal end, and a catheter length that extends between the catheter proximal end and the catheter distal end. The catheter defines a first catheter opening, a second catheter opening, a bend, a coil, and a catheter lumen that extends between the first catheter opening and the second catheter opening. The pusher distal end is adapted to engage with the catheter proximal end to transfer axial movement to the catheter. The catheter is adapted to move between a first configuration in which the portion of the catheter that is disposed within the cannula lumen is substantially straight when disposed in the cannula lumen and a second configuration in which the catheter defines the bend and the coil along the catheter length when the catheter is free of the cannula lumen. 
     Another exemplary medical device for treating a sinus cavity comprises a delivery system and a catheter. The delivery system comprises a housing, a cannula, and a pusher. The housing has a housing proximal end, a housing distal end, and defines a first housing opening, a second housing opening, and a housing lumen. The housing lumen extends between the first housing opening and the second housing opening. The cannula has a cannula proximal end, a cannula distal end, and defines a first cannula opening, a second cannula opening, and a cannula lumen. The cannula lumen extends between the first cannula opening and the second cannula opening. The cannula is attached to the housing such that the housing lumen and the cannula lumen are in communication. The pusher has a pusher proximal end and a pusher distal end that is slidably disposed in the cannula lumen. The catheter has at least a portion disposed in the cannula lumen and has a catheter wall, a catheter proximal end, a catheter distal end, and a catheter length that extends between the catheter proximal end and the catheter distal end. The catheter defines a first catheter opening, second catheter opening, a plurality of apertures, a bend, a coil, and a catheter lumen. The first catheter opening is disposed on the catheter proximal end. The plurality of apertures is disposed along the catheter length and each aperture of the plurality of apertures extends through the catheter wall and is in communication with the catheter lumen. The coil and the plurality of apertures is disposed distal to the bend and the catheter lumen extends between the first catheter opening and the plurality of apertures. The pusher distal end is adapted to engage with the catheter proximal end to transfer axial movement to the catheter. The catheter is adapted to move between a first configuration in which the portion of the catheter that is disposed within the cannula lumen is substantially straight when disposed in the cannula lumen and a second configuration in which the catheter defines the bend and the coil along the catheter length when the catheter is free of the cannula lumen. 
     An exemplary method of deploying a medical device into a sinus cavity comprises the following steps: advancing a delivery system into a nasal passage such that a portion of the delivery system is disposed within the nasal passage, the delivery system comprising a housing, cannula, pusher, and a catheter; navigating the cannula toward a point of treatment; applying a distal force on the pusher such that the catheter is advanced into said sinus cavity and the catheter moves from the first substantially straight configuration to the second configuration; introducing medication into the catheter lumen and said sinus cavity; and withdrawing the delivery device from the nasal passage. 
     Kits useful in the performance of methods of treatment are also described. 
     An exemplary kit comprises a catheter and delivery system according to an embodiment. 
     Kits can optionally include more than one catheter and/or delivery system according to an embodiment; one or more vials of medication, tools for introducing medication into a sinus cavity, instructions for use, and/or adaptors. 
     Additional understanding of the exemplary medical devices can be obtained by review of the detailed description, below, and the appended drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a side view of an exemplary catheter. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a side view of another exemplary catheter. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a side view of another exemplary catheter. 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates a side view of another exemplary catheter. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a sectional view of an exemplary delivery system and catheter. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates a side view of the distal end of another exemplary delivery system and catheter. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a partial sectional view of another exemplary delivery system and catheter. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a side view of another exemplary delivery system. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a side view of another exemplary delivery system. 
         FIG. 8A  illustrates a sectional view of another exemplary delivery system and catheter. 
         FIG. 8B  illustrates a sectional view of the exemplary delivery system and catheter illustrated in  FIG. 8A  in a deployed configuration. 
         FIG. 8C  illustrates an exemplary elongate member free of a delivery system. 
         FIG. 9A  illustrates a partial sectional view of a patient with a delivery system disposed in a nasal passage. 
         FIG. 9B  illustrates a partial sectional view of a patient with a delivery system disposed in a nasal passage in a partially deployed configuration. 
         FIG. 9C  illustrates a partial sectional view of a patient with a delivery system disposed in a nasal passage in a deployed configuration. 
         FIG. 9D  illustrates a partial sectional view of a patient with a portion of a catheter disposed in a sinus cavity. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates an exemplary kit. 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart representation of an exemplary method of deploying a medical device. 
         FIG. 12  is a flowchart representation of another exemplary method of treatment. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a side view of the distal end of another exemplary delivery system and catheter. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a side view of an exemplary pusher free of a delivery system. 
         FIG. 14A  illustrates a sectional view of the pusher illustrated in  FIG. 14 , taken along line  14 A- 14 A. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description and the appended drawings describe and illustrate various exemplary medical devices, kits and methods. The description and drawings are exemplary in nature and are provided to enable one skilled in the art to make and use one or more exemplary medical devices, kits, and/or practice one or more exemplary methods. They are not intended to limit the scope of the claims in any manner. 
     The use of “e.g.,” “etc.,” “for instance,” “in example,” and “or” and grammatically related terms indicates non-exclusive alternatives without limitation, unless otherwise noted. The use of “optionally” and grammatically related terms means that the subsequently described element, event, feature, or circumstance may or may not be present/occur, and that the description includes instances where said element, event, feature, or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not. As used herein, the terms “proximal” and “distal” are used to describe opposing axial ends of the particular elements or features being described. The use of “bodily passage” or “body passage” refers to any passage within the body of an animal, including, but not limited to, humans, and includes elongate passages. The term “sinus passage” refers to the nasal passages and includes, but is not limited to, eustachian tube(s), primary ostium, accessory ostium, and/or an opening defined by a ventilation tube. The term “sinus cavity” refers to the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and/or maxillary sinus. The term “medication” refers to any fluid, drug, agent, and/or therapeutic agent used to treat a patient. The use of “exemplary” refers to “an example of” and is not intended to convey a meaning of an ideal or preferred embodiment. The use of “attached” refers to the fixed, releasable, or integrated association of two or more elements and/or devices. Thus, the term “attached” includes releasably attaching or fixedly attaching two or more elements and/or devices. The term “coil” refers to a length of an element that is arranged in one or more complete or partial spirals, loops, and/or rings. The term “coil” does not require regularity in the arrangement of the one or more spirals, loops, and/or rings and does not require that an entire spiral, loop, and/or ring be formed. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a first exemplary catheter  10  having a catheter proximal end  12 , a catheter distal end  14 , and a catheter wall  15 . Catheter  10  defines a first catheter opening  16 , a second catheter opening  18 , a lumen  20 , a bend  22 , a coil  24 , and a catheter length that extends from the catheter proximal end  12  to the catheter distal end  14 . Catheter  10  is adapted to move between a first configuration in which the catheter is substantially straight (e.g., when the catheter is disposed within a delivery system) and a second configuration in which the catheter defines bend  22  and coil  24  (e.g., when the catheter is free of the delivery system).  FIG. 1  illustrates catheter  10  in the second configuration. 
     Catheter  10  can comprise any suitable tubular member having any suitable outside diameter and any suitable inside diameter defining a lumen, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable tubular member according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be used. The inventors have determined that catheters having an outside diameter between about 0.05 inches to about 0.1 inches are suitable. In addition, the inventors have determined that catheters having an outside diameter about, equal to, or substantially equal to 0.077 inches are also suitable. Furthermore, the inventors have determined that catheters having an inside diameter between about 0.025 inches to about 0.075 inches are suitable. Moreover, the inventors have determined that catheters having an inside diameter about, equal to, or substantially equal to 0.050 inches are also suitable. 
     Catheter  10  can be formed of any suitable flexible, or substantially flexible, material, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material for a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be used. The material selected for a catheter need only be biocompatible, or able to be made biocompatible, and able to move between a first configuration and a second configuration, as described herein. Also, it is considered advantageous to select a material for a catheter that is relatively soft and/or supple at least because such a material allows for the catheter to be passed through tortuous bodily passages and reduces irritation when the catheter is disposed in a bodily passage. Example materials considered suitable include, but are not limited to, polymers, such as urethane, polyurethane, polyethylene, Pebax (Pebax is a registered trademark of Ato Chimie Corporation of Allee des Vosges, Courbevoie, France), silicone, and nylon. 
     Catheter  10  can optionally include a radiopaque marker disposed at catheter proximal end  12 , catheter distal end  14 , and/or along any portion, or the entirety, of the catheter length (e.g., at bend  22 , at coil  24 ), to facilitate tracking and positioning of catheter  10  during, or subsequent to, deployment. Alternative, or in combination, with providing a radiopaque marker disposed on catheter  10 , the material forming catheter  10  can include a radiopaque filler to facilitate tracking and positioning of catheter  10 . Any suitable radiopaque material can be used, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable radiopaque material according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Examples of suitable radiopaque materials include, but are not limited to, cadmium, tungsten, gold, tantalum, bismuth, platinum, iridium, and rhodium. Visualization, tracking, and/or positioning of catheter  10  can be accomplished using any suitable method, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable method according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example methods considered suitable to facilitate visualization, tracking, and/or positioning of a catheter include, but are not limited to, using x-ray, fluoroscopy, ultrasound, direct visualization with a scope, and magnetic resonance imaging. 
     The first catheter opening  16  is defined on the catheter proximal end  12  and the second catheter opening  18  is defined on the catheter distal end  14 . Each of the first catheter opening  16  and the second catheter opening  18  are in communication with lumen  20  and can have any suitable diameter. While the first catheter opening  16  and the second catheter opening  18  have been described and illustrated as defined on the catheter proximal end  12  and the catheter distal end  14 , respectively, a first catheter opening and a second catheter opening can be positioned at any suitable location along the catheter length. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable position for each of a first catheter opening and a second catheter opening according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be used. For example, either, or both of a first catheter opening and a second catheter opening can be defined along the length of a catheter between the catheter proximal end and the catheter distal end and extend through the wall of a catheter. 
     Lumen  20  extends between the first catheter opening  16  and the second catheter opening  18 . Lumen  20  can have any suitable inner diameter along the catheter length, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable inner diameter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be used. Example inner diameters considered suitable include, but are not limited to, inner diameters that are continuous, or substantially continuous, along the catheter length, and inner diameters that vary along the catheter length. 
     When in the second configuration, catheter  10  defines bend  22  and coil  24  along the catheter length. In the illustrated embodiment, bend  22  defines an angle  23  greater than 90 degrees between the portion of the catheter  10  proximal to bend  22  and the portion of the catheter distal to bend  22 . A length of catheter  10  is disposed distal to bend  22  that defines a distance between the portion of the catheter distal to bend  22  (e.g., coil  24 ) and the portion of the catheter  10  proximal to bend  22  when the catheter  10  is in the second configuration. This is considered advantageous at least because it allows the catheter  10  to be positioned such that coil  24  is disposed within a first bodily passage (e.g., a sinus cavity) and the portion of the catheter proximal to bend  22  is disposed within a second, different, bodily passage (e.g., a nasal passage). 
     While catheter  10  has been described and illustrated as defining a bend  22  at a particular angle, any suitable angle can be defined by a catheter, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable angle for a bend according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be used. The inventors have determined that angles between about 1 degree to about 180 degrees are suitable. Also, the inventors have determined that angles between about 10 degrees and about 170 degrees are suitable. In addition, the inventors have determined that angles between about 45 degrees and about 135 degrees are suitable. Furthermore, the inventors have determined that an angle of about, equal to, or substantially equal to 90 degrees is also suitable. Moreover, the inventors have determined that an angle of about, equal to, or substantially equal to 150 degrees is also suitable. 
     In addition, while catheter  10  has been described and illustrated as defining a distance between the portion of the catheter distal to bend  22  (e.g., coil  24 ) and the portion of the catheter  10  proximal to bend  22  when the catheter  10  is in the second configuration, other structural arrangements are considered suitable. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structural arrangement for a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. For example, alternative to defining a distance between a portion of the catheter distal to bend and a portion of the catheter proximal to bend when the catheter is in the second configuration, the catheter can omit the inclusion of a length of catheter distal to the bend such that the portion of the catheter distal to the bend (e.g., coil  24 ) overlaps, or extends over, the portion of the catheter proximal to the bend. 
     Catheter  10  defines coil  24  distal to bend  22 . Coil  24  advantageously provides a structure for maintaining the position of the catheter  10  within a bodily passage upon deployment, as described in more detail herein. When the catheter  10  is in the second configuration, coil  24  is free of the portion of catheter  10  disposed proximal to bend  22  such that it does not wrap around the portion of catheter  10  disposed proximal to bend  22 . 
     Alternatively, or in combination with the other structural details described herein (e.g., bend, coil), a catheter can include additional structure that is capable, or adapted to, maintain the catheter within a bodily passage. Example structures considered suitable to include on a catheter include, but are not limited to, malecot structures, cuffs, one or more balloons, and any other structure considered suitable for a particular application. The additional structure can be positioned on the catheter at any suitable location, proximal to a bend, distal to a bend, at a bend, at a coil, in place of a coil, in place of a bend, between the proximal and distal end, and any other location considered suitable for a particular application. For example, if a balloon is used to maintain the position of a catheter within a bodily passage, the catheter can define a second lumen that is in communication with a chamber defined by the balloon such that fluid can be introduced into the balloon chamber to inflate the balloon. 
     Coil  24  can comprise any suitable length, define any suitable outside diameter, define any suitable number of coils, and extend in any suitable arrangement, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable length, outside diameter, number of coils, and arrangement for a coil according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be used. The inventors have determined that catheters defining a coil having an outside diameter between about 0.35 inches to about 0.85 inches are suitable. In addition, the inventors have determined that catheters defining a coil having an outside diameter about, equal to, or substantially equal to 0.59 inches are also suitable. It is considered advantageous for a catheter to define a single coil at least because this increases the manufacturability of the catheter. In addition, a catheter that defines multiple coils requires a greater catheter length and a longer delivery system than a catheter that defines a single coil. 
     In use, catheter  10  provides a mechanism for introducing a medication, or other material or fluid, into a bodily passage (e.g., sinus cavity). For example, subsequent to deployment, a syringe, or other structure, can be attached to the catheter proximal end  12  and used to introduce a medication or fluid through first catheter opening  16 , the catheter lumen  20 , and the second catheter opening  18 . 
     Cather  10  can be formed using any suitable technique to achieve a desired structural arrangement (e.g., bend  22 , coil  24 ), and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable technique to form a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the bodily passage within which the device is intended to be used. An example technique considered suitable to form a catheter includes, but is not limited to, using heat to import memory into the catheter. For example, a forming plate can be used to force the catheter into a desired shape. This can be accomplished by placing a material into the catheter lumen to prevent its collapse during formation, placing the catheter in the forming plate, and then heating the catheter to a suitable temperature. Subsequently, the catheter is cooled to room temperature and removed from the forming plate. Any suitable temperature can be used to form a catheter, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable temperature according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the material that forms the catheter. For example, the inventors have determined that when a catheter is formed of urethane, suitable temperatures to achieve a desired structural arrangement include temperatures between about 108 degrees Celsius to about 158 degrees Celsius. In addition, the inventors have determined that when a catheter is formed of urethane, a suitable temperature to achieve a desired structural arrangement includes a temperature about, equal to, or substantially equal to 133 degrees Celsius. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a second exemplary catheter  110 . The catheter  110  is similar to catheter  10  illustrated in  FIG. 1 , and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in  FIG. 2  refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in  FIG. 1 , offset by 100. Thus, catheter  110  has a catheter proximal end  112 , a catheter distal end  114 , and defines a first catheter opening  116 , a second catheter opening  118 , and a lumen  120 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, catheter  110  defines a flared catheter proximal end  112  and flared lumen  120  at the catheter proximal end  112 , a tapered catheter distal end  114 , a bend  122 , a first coil  124 , a second coil  126 , and a plurality of apertures  128 . In addition, catheter  110  includes a marker  130  disposed at bend  122 . Catheter  110  is adapted to move between a first configuration in which the catheter  110  is substantially straight (e.g., when the catheter is disposed within a delivery system) and a second configuration in which the catheter  110  defines bend  122 , first coil  124 , and second coil  126  (e.g., when the catheter is free of the delivery system).  FIG. 2  illustrates catheter  110  in the second configuration. 
     Including a flared catheter proximal end  112  and flared lumen  120  at the catheter proximal end  112  is considered advantageous at least because it provides a structural arrangement that allows for the introduction of another device (e.g., syringe, adaptor) into the first catheter opening  116  to pass a medication or fluid through lumen  120  and the plurality of apertures  128 . Including a tapered catheter distal end  114  is considered advantageous at least because it provides a structural arrangement that allows for the dilation of an opening of a bodily passage during deployment of the catheter  110 , ease of insertion atraumatically, and/or reduces the likelihood of the catheter distal end  114  from catching on a structure. For example, when the catheter  110  is advanced over a previously placed wire guide and into a bodily passage, providing a tapered catheter distal end  114  provides a mechanism for dilating the bodily passage and advancing past structures during deployment. Optionally, in instances where a catheter has been formed of a soft material (e.g., urethane), a stiffer material can be bonded to the softer material along a portion, or the entirety, of the catheter length to assist with dilation and positioning of the catheter within a bodily passage. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, catheter  110  defines bend  122  at an angle  123  equal to, substantially equal to, or about 90 degrees. It is considered advantageous for catheter  110  to define bend  122  at an angle equal to, substantially equal to, or about 90 degrees at least to provide a structural arrangement that allows catheter  110  to be held in place upon deployment. For example, when a portion, or the entirety, of catheter  110  is deployed in a sinus passage and/or sinus cavity, defining bend  122  at an angle equal to, substantially equal to, or about 90 degrees allows for a portion, or the entirety, of the catheter proximal to bend  122  to extend through the sinus passage and out of the nostril and a portion, or the entirety, of the catheter distal to bend  122  to be disposed within the sinus passage and/or sinus cavity, while preventing obstruction of the sinus passage and irritation. 
     While bend  122  has been illustrated as defining a curve along the length of catheter  110 , a bend can define any suitable structure and/or feature along the length of a catheter, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structure and/or feature to include in a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which the catheter is to be deployed. Example structures and/or features considered suitable to include on a catheter include, but are not limited to, defining a corner at a right angle at a bend in the catheter, defining a curve at a right angle at a bend in the catheter, defining a corner at any suitable angle at a bend in the catheter, defining a curve at any suitable angle at a bend in the catheter, defining a hard corner at a right angle at a bend in the catheter such that at least one point is defined along the catheter length at the corner, and defining a hard corner at any suitable angle at a bend in the catheter such that at least one point is defined along the catheter length at the corner. 
     Catheter  110  defines the first coil  124  distal to bend  122 . First coil  124  advantageously provides a structural arrangement for maintaining the position of the catheter  110  within a bodily passage upon deployment, as described herein. When the catheter  110  is in the second configuration, first coil  124  is free of the portion of catheter  110  disposed proximal to bend  122  such that it does not wrap around the portion of catheter  110  disposed proximal to bend  122 . 
     The plurality of apertures  128  is disposed distal to bend  122 , extend through the wall  115  of the catheter  110  and each aperture of the plurality of apertures  128  is in communication with the catheter lumen  120 . In the illustrated embodiment, the a first set and a second set of the plurality of apertures  128  are disposed linearly on first coil  124 . This arrangement is considered advantageous at least because it positions the plurality of apertures  128  along the first coil  124  such that a first set of apertures from the plurality of apertures  128  is disposed on an outwardly facing side  121  of the first coil  124  and a second set of apertures from the plurality of apertures  128  is disposed on an inwardly facing side  119  of the first coil  124 . 
     While the plurality of apertures  128  has been described and illustrated as arranged linearly along the first coil  124 , any suitable arrangement of a plurality of apertures is considered suitable, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable arrangement for a plurality of apertures according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired amount of medication or fluid to be delivered to a bodily passage, such as a sinus cavity. Example arrangements considered suitable to arrange a plurality of apertures, or a set thereof, along a portion, or the entirety, of a catheter and/or coil include, but are not limited to, arranging the apertures circumferentially, linearly, spirally, randomly, regularly, in a grid, and/or staggered. 
     Also, while a plurality of apertures  128  has been described and illustrated, any suitable number of apertures can be included in a catheter and each aperture can define any suitable diameter and/or shape. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable number of apertures for a catheter and a suitable diameter and/or shape for each aperture according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the treatment intended to be performed. Example numbers of apertures considered suitable include one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten and any number determined suitable for a particular application. Example diameters considered suitable include, but are not limited to, diameters where at least two of the plurality of apertures  128  vary in diameter (e.g., have different diameters). Further example diameters considered suitable include, but are not limited to, diameters which are about, equal to, less than, greater than, or substantially equal to the inside diameter of the tubular member (e.g., diameter of lumen). Example shapes considered suitable to define an aperture include, but are not limited to, circular, oval, oblong, and any suitable polygonal shape. For example, when delivery of a medication or fluid at a greater flow rate is desired, a catheter can define an aperture having an oval or oblong shape which is longer on its lengthwise axis than the inside diameter of the catheter. 
     Catheter  110  defines the second coil  126  proximal to bend  122 . Second coil  124  is adapted to move between a first straight, or substantially straight, configuration and a second coiled configuration.  FIG. 2  illustrates the second coil  126  in the second coiled configuration. The second coil  126  advantageously provides a structural arrangement for maintaining a length of catheter  110  proximal to bend  122  within a bodily passage when catheter  110  is in its second configuration. For example, when the first coil  124  has been deployed in a sinus cavity and the second coil  126  has been positioned in a nasal passage, a user can place a proximal force on the catheter proximal end  112  to move the second coil  126  from its second coiled configuration to its first straight, or substantially straight, configuration such that the catheter proximal end  112  extends out of the nostril. This advantageously allows for a user to extend the catheter  110  out of the nostril to pass a medication or fluid through the lumen  120  of the catheter  110 , while allowing the second coil  126  to move back to its second coiled configuration and into the nasal passage upon the release of the proximal force on the catheter  110 . 
     Marker  130  is disposed at bend  122 , can extend around a portion, or the entirety, of catheter  110 , and can have any suitable length along the catheter length. Marker  130  can be formed in any suitable manner. For example, marker  130  can be embedded within, or disposed on the inner diameter of catheter lumen  120 , and/or on the exterior surface of catheter  110 . It is considered advantageous to include marker  130  at least to assist a user in accurately placing the catheter  110  within a bodily passage. Also, marker  130  advantageously indicates the location of bend  122  during deployment of catheter  110  and provides an indication as to when coil  124  has been deployed. While a single marker  130  has been illustrated and described, a catheter can have any suitable number of markers, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable number of markers according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the desired bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be deployed. Example numbers of markers considered suitable include, but are not limited to, one, two, three, four and any other number considered suitable for a particular application. 
     Alternative to, or in combination with, using a marker  130 , a catheter can comprise a first portion having a first color (e.g., red) and a second portion having a second color (e.g., blue) that is different than the first color. The first portion having a first color and a second portion having a second color can be disposed at any suitable location along the length of a catheter. Example locations considered suitable include, but are not limited to, positioning a first portion having a first color along a portion, or the entirety, of the length of a catheter disposed proximal to a bend or coil and positioning a second portion having a second color along a portion, or the entirety, of the length of the catheter disposed distal to a bend or coil. Any suitable number of portions of a catheter can have any suitable color to assist with placement of a catheter within a bodily passage. A color can be disposed on a surface of the catheter (e.g., painted) or comprise part of the material forming a catheter. 
     Alternative to including a single marker, a catheter can include more than one marker or an elongated marker that extends along a portion, or the entirety, of the length of catheter disposed proximal to a bend or coil. For example, a first marker can be positioned at a bend or coil and a second marker can be positioned proximal to the first marker (e.g., on catheter proximal end, between catheter proximal end and a bend or coil) or an elongated marker can be positioned between a catheter proximal end and a bend or coil, or from a bend or coil to the catheter proximal end or a location between the bend or coil and the catheter proximal end. Inclusion of an elongated marker or more than one marker is considered advantageous at least because it provides a mechanism for indicating placement of the catheter relative to a particular portion of a bodily passage (e.g., frontal recess, marker can be disposed adjacent to the frontal recess and/or a coil can be positioned in a frontal sinus). 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a third exemplary catheter  210 . The catheter  210  is similar to catheter  110  illustrated in  FIG. 2 , and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in  FIG. 3  refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in  FIG. 2 , offset by 100. Thus, catheter  210  has a catheter proximal end  212 , a catheter distal end  214 , and defines a first catheter opening  216 , a second catheter opening  218 , and a lumen  220 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, catheter  210  defines a tapered catheter distal end  214 , a first bend  222 , a coil  224 , a second bend  225 , and a plurality of apertures  228 . In addition, catheter  210  includes a marker  230  disposed at bend  222 . Catheter  210  is adapted to move between a first configuration in which the catheter  210  is substantially straight (e.g., when the catheter is disposed within a delivery system) and a second configuration in which the catheter  210  defines first bend  222 , coil  224 , and second bend  225  (e.g., when the catheter is free of the delivery system).  FIG. 3  illustrates catheter  210  in the second configuration. 
     Catheter  210  defines first bend  222  at a first angle  223  and defines second bend  225  at a second angle  227 . A length of catheter  229  is disposed between the first bend  222  and the second bend  225 . It is considered advantageous to include a second bend  225  to complement the natural anatomy of the bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be deployed (e.g., sinus cavity). The length of catheter  229  disposed between the first bend  222  and second bend  225  can be any suitable length, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable length according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be disposed. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, catheter  210  defines bend  222  at an angle  223  equal to, substantially equal to, or about 90 degrees and defines bend  225  at an angle  227  greater than 90 degrees. While catheter  210  has been described and illustrated as defining first bend  222  and second bend  225  at particular angles, a catheter can define a first bend and a second bend at any suitable angle, such as those described herein, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable angle for a first bend and/or a second bend according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be used. Example angles considered suitable to form a first bend and a second bend include, but are not limited to, defining a first bend at an angle greater than, less than, equal to, or substantially equal to, the angle of a second bend. 
     In addition, while catheter  210  has been described and illustrated as defining a first bend  222  and a second bend  225 , a catheter can define any suitable number of bends along the catheter length, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable number of bends according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be used. Example number of bends considered suitable include, but are not limited to, one, two, three, four, five, and any other number considered suitable for a particular application. For example, catheter  210  can optionally omit the inclusion of second bend  225 . 
     Any of the herein described catheters can be deployed in a bodily passage using any suitable method of delivery, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable method of delivery according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be used. Example methods of deployment considered suitable, include, but are not limited to, delivering a catheter over a previously placed guide wire, delivering a catheter using a trocar, and delivering a catheter using a delivery system, such as one of the delivery systems described herein. 
     Any of the herein described catheters can optionally include one or more coatings disposed on a portion, or the entirety, of the catheter to prevent biofilm formation (e.g., on the catheter, within the bodily passage), prevent or reduce microbial colonization (e.g., on the catheter, within the bodily passage), and/or reduce the coefficient of friction between the outer surface of a catheter and the surface in which the outer surface of the catheter is intended to, or may, contact. Any suitable coating capable of preventing biofilm formation on a catheter and/or capable of reducing the coefficient of friction is considered suitable, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable coating according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be used. A coating can be included along any suitable portion, or the entirety, of the catheter length. Example coatings considered suitable include, but are not limited to, rifampin, minocycline, chitosan, antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracyclines, and beta-lactams, antifungals such as azoles, and/or antiseptics. Examples lubricious coatings considered suitable to reduce the coefficient of friction include, but are not limited to, hydrophilics, polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and any other polymer or substance having properties that result in the lowering of the coefficient of friction between the outer surface of a catheter and the surface in which the outer surface of the catheter is intended to, or may, contact. 
     Any of the elements, features, and/or structural arrangements described herein with respect to any catheter can be combined in any suitable manner, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable element, feature, and/or structural arrangement for a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the desired bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be deployed. 
     For example,  FIG. 3A  illustrates a fourth exemplary catheter  310 . The catheter  310  is similar to catheter  210  illustrated in  FIG. 3 , and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in  FIG. 3A  refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in  FIG. 3 , offset by 100. Thus, catheter  310  has a catheter proximal end  312 , a catheter distal end  314 , and defines a first catheter opening  316 , a second catheter opening  318 , and a lumen  320 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, catheter  310  defines a plurality of apertures  328  such that a first set of apertures is disposed on an inwardly facing side  319  of coil  324  and a second set of apertures is disposed on an outwardly facing side  321  of coil  324 . The first set of apertures disposed on the inwardly facing side  319  of coil  324  is staggered relative to the second set of apertures disposed on the outwardly facing side  321  of coil  324 . This arrangement is considered advantageous at least because it positions the plurality of apertures  328  along the coil  324  such that delivery of a medication or fluid can be accomplished throughout the bodily passage within which the catheter  310  is disposed. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a first exemplary delivery system  232  and catheter  210 . The delivery system  232  comprises a housing  234 , cannula  236 , and a pusher  238 . 
     The housing  234  has a housing proximal end  240 , a housing distal end  242 , a wall  243 , and defines a first housing opening  244 , a second housing opening  246 , and a housing lumen  248 . The first housing opening  244  is disposed on the housing proximal end  240  and the second housing opening  246  is disposed on the housing distal end  242 . The housing lumen  248  extends between the first housing opening  244  and the second housing opening  246 . 
     Housing  234  can be formed of any suitable material and have any suitable structural arrangement, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material and structural arrangement to form a housing according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is to be deployed. Example materials considered suitable include, but are not limited to, polymers, such as nylon, polyethylene, and polycarbonate, a mixture thereof, or any other suitable material. 
     Cannula  236  has a cannula proximal end  250 , a cannula distal end  252 , and defines a first cannula opening  254 , a second cannula opening  256 , and a cannula lumen  258 . The first cannula opening  254  is disposed on the cannula proximal end  250  and the second cannula opening  256  is disposed on the cannula distal end  252 . The cannula lumen  258  extends between the first cannula opening  254  and the second cannula opening  256 . Cannula proximal end  250  is attached to housing distal end  242  such that housing lumen  248  and cannula lumen  258  are in fluid communication. 
     Cannula  236  is rigid, or substantially rigid, and can be formed of any suitable material, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material to form a cannula according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is to be deployed. Example materials considered suitable include, but are not limited to, metals, such as stainless steel, titanium, nickel titanium, nickel titanium alloys (e.g., nitinol), and plastics, such as nylon, polyethylene, and polycarbonate. 
     Cannula  236  can optionally include any suitable structure disposed along the cannula length to assist with maintaining catheter  210  within cannula lumen  258  and/or to provide a user with a mechanism to achieve fine motor control of the delivery system  232 , and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structure according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example structures considered suitable include, but are not limited to, a collet, a control handle such as any of those described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/533,190 (filed Sep. 10, 2011), and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, and any other structure capable of providing a releasable radially inward force on a cannula. For example, a control handle can be disposed on the cannula along the portion of the cannula length that contains a catheter. 
     The pusher  238  has a first portion  260  and a second portion  262 . The first portion  260  has a first proximal end  264  and a first distal end  266  and the second portion  262  has a second proximal end  268  and a second distal end  270 . The pusher  238  has a pusher length that extends from the first proximal end  264  to the second distal end  270 . 
     The first portion  260  is slidably disposed within the housing  234  and extends through the first housing opening  244  such that the first proximal end  264  is disposed proximal to the housing proximal end  240  and the first distal end  266  is disposed within housing lumen  248 . The second proximal end  268  is attached to the first distal end  266  and the second distal end  270  is slidably disposed in cannula lumen  258 . The second portion  262  is attached to the first portion  260  such that when a force is applied to the first portion  260  (e.g., first proximal end  264 ) axial movement of the first portion  260  is transferred to the second portion  262 . 
     The second distal end  270  defines a distal surface  271  that is adapted to engage the catheter proximal end  212  to deploy the catheter  210  upon the application of a distal force on pusher  238 . Thus, the second distal end  270  is adapted to engage the proximal end  212  of catheter  210  such that upon the application of a distal force on pusher  238 , axial movement of pusher  238  is transferred to catheter  210 . The transfer of axial movement between pusher  238  and catheter  210  allows for catheter  210  to move from a first straight, or substantially straight, configuration when the catheter  210  is housed within cannula lumen  258 , to a second configuration, which defines bend and coil when catheter  210  is free, or substantially free, of cannula lumen  258 . 
     Therefore, pusher  238  has a first configuration and a second configuration. In the first configuration, the second distal end  270  of pusher  238  is positioned such that the catheter  210  is disposed within cannula lumen  258 . In the second configuration, the second distal end  270  of pusher  238  is positioned such that catheter  210  is free, or can become free, of cannula lumen  258 . Thus, in the second configuration, the second distal end  270  of pusher  238  can be positioned at various locations along the length of cannula  236 , depending on the catheter length, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable position for a second distal end according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the catheter length. Example locations considered suitable for placement of a second distal end of a pusher when the pusher is in a second configuration include, but are not limited to, positioning a second distal end proximal to a cannula distal end, positioning a second distal end at a cannula distal end, and positioning a second distal end distal to a cannula distal end. 
     While delivery system  232  has been described and illustrated as having catheter  210  disposed in cannula  236 , it is considered suitable to include any suitable catheter within cannula  236 . Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired treatment intended to be performed. Example catheters considered suitable include, but are not limited to, any catheter described herein (e.g., catheter  10 , catheter  110 , catheter  210 , catheter  310 , catheter  810 ), and any other suitable catheter. 
     While catheter  210  has been described as being disposed within cannula lumen  258  and substantially straight when pusher  238  is in the first configuration, any suitable length of a catheter can be disposed within a cannula when a pusher is in the first configuration, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable length of a catheter to position within a cannula lumen according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be deployed. Example lengths of a catheter to position within a cannula lumen when a pusher is in a first configuration include, but are not limited to, at least a portion of a catheter, the entire length of a catheter, the portion of the catheter proximal to a bend, the portion of the catheter distal to a bend, the portion of the catheter proximal to a coil, and the portion of the catheter distal to a coil. The portion of the catheter that is disposed within the cannula lumen has a first configuration and a second configuration. In the first configuration, the portion of the catheter that is disposed within the cannula lumen is straight, or substantially straight. In the second configuration, the catheter is free, or substantially free, of the cannula and defines a bend(s) and coil(s). 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 4A , when pusher  238 ′ is in the first configuration, the second distal end  270 ′ of pusher  238 ′ is positioned such that a portion of catheter  210 ′ is disposed within cannula lumen  258  and a portion of catheter  210 ′ (e.g., catheter distal end  214 ′) is disposed distal to the cannula distal end  252 ′. In the illustrated embodiment, the portion of catheter  210 ′ that is disposed distal to the cannula distal end  252 ′ forms a bend (e.g., bend is disposed distal to coil) relative to cannula  236 ′. It is considered advantageous to position a portion of catheter  210 ′ distal to cannula distal end  252 ′ at least because it provides a mechanism for introducing the distal end  214 ′ of the catheter  210 ′ into a bodily passage through an opening prior to applying an axial force to pusher  238 ′. 
     The first portion  260  of pusher  238  is rigid, or substantially rigid, and can be formed out of any suitable material, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material for a first portion of a pusher according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the material forming the second portion of a pusher. Example materials considered suitable to form the first portion of a pusher include, but are not limited to metals, such as stainless steel, titanium, nickel titanium, nickel titanium alloys (e.g., nitinol), and plastics, such as nylon, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, and polycarbonate. 
     The second portion  262  of pusher  238  is flexible, or substantially flexible, and can be formed of any suitable material that allows for second portion  262  to travel through cannula lumen  258 . Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material for a second portion of a pusher according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the material forming the first portion of a pusher. Example materials considered suitable to form the second portion of a pusher include, but are not limited to metals, such as stainless steel, titanium, nickel titanium, nickel titanium alloys (e.g., nitinol), and plastics, such as nylon, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, and polycarbonate, or a combination of metal and plastic. When a second portion is formed of a metal, it is considered advantageous to form the second portion of a flexible metal and/or coiled wire such that navigation through the cannula lumen of a delivery system can be accomplished. 
     Attachment of the second portion  262  of pusher  238  to the first portion  260  of pusher  238  can be accomplished using any suitable method of attachment, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable method of attachment according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. An example method of attachment considered suitable between a second portion and a first portion includes, but is not limited to, insert molding. 
     Alternative to pusher  238  having a first portion  260  and a second portion  262 , a delivery system can include a pusher that includes only a first portion. In this alternative delivery system the catheter length is greater than the catheter length of a catheter when the pusher includes a second portion, allowing the catheter to extend into the housing lumen. It is considered advantageous to reduce the diameter of the housing lumen when a pusher only includes a first portion to increase the structural stability of a catheter having a length disposed within the housing lumen. 
     While the distal end  270  of pusher  238  has been described and illustrated as defining a distal surface  271 , any suitable structural arrangement for transferring axial movement between a pusher and a catheter and/or capable of releasably attaching a catheter to a pusher is considered suitable. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structural arrangement based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be disposed. 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , alternative to defining a distal surface  271  as shown in  FIG. 4 , the distal end  1270  of the second portion  1262  of pusher  1238  is adapted to extend distal to the cannula distal end  1252  and defines a collet  1272 . Collet  1272  defines recess  1273 , has a plurality of notches  1274 , and has a first configuration and a second configuration.  FIG. 13  illustrates collet  1272  in a first configuration in which collet  1272  is free, or substantially free, of cannula  1236  such that collet  1272  defines a first outer diameter  1275 . In the second configuration, not shown, collet  1272  is disposed within, or substantially within, cannula lumen  1258  and defines a second outer diameter that is less than the first outer diameter  1275 . Moving the pusher  1238  from the first configuration to the second configuration can be accomplished by applying a proximal force on pusher  1238 . 
     Catheter  1210  can be releasably attached to pusher  1238  by positioning catheter distal end  1212  within the recess  1273  of collet  1272  when collet  1272  is in the first configuration and subsequently moving collet  1272  to the second configuration. Releasing catheter  1210  from collet  1272  can be accomplished by applying a distal force on pusher  1238  to move collet  1272  from its second configuration to its first configuration. 
     While collet  1272  has been illustrated as having a tapered outer surface and a plurality of notches  1274  (e.g., kerfs), any suitable number of notches or structural arrangement capable of exerting a clamping force on a catheter is considered suitable to include in a delivery system. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable number of notches and/or structural arrangement according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the structural arrangement of a catheter. 
     Optionally, any of the herein described pushers can include a reinforcing member, as illustrated in  FIGS. 14 and 14A .  FIG. 14  illustrates pusher  1338 , which is similar to pusher  238 , except as described, free of a housing. The pusher  1338  has a first portion  1360 , a second portion  1362 , and a reinforcing member  1363 . In the illustrated embodiment, reinforcing member  1363  extends through the second portion  1362  of pusher  1338  and into the distal end  1366  of the first portion  1360 . 
     The reinforcing member  1363  can be formed of any suitable material and be positioned within the pusher  1338  using any suitable method. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material for a reinforcing member and method of positioning a reinforcing member within a pusher according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example materials considered suitable for a reinforcing member include, but are not limited to, metals, such as stainless steel, titanium, nickel titanium, and nickel titanium alloys (e.g., nitinol). Example methods of positioning a reinforcing member within a pusher include, but are not limited to, creating a passageway through the second portion of a pusher and into the first portion of the pusher and inserting a reinforcing member within the passageway, and forming the pusher around a reinforcing member (e.g., insert molding, gluing). 
     While  FIG. 14  has been illustrated and described as including a reinforcing member  1363  through the length of the second portion  1362  of pusher  1338  and into the distal end  1366  of the first portion  1360  of pusher  1338 , any suitable length of a reinforcing member can be included in a pusher. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable length of a reinforcing member and a suitable location to position a reinforcing member according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example lengths of a reinforcing member considered suitable include, but are not limited to, a reinforcing member that extends from the distal end of a pusher, or a location proximal to the distal end of a pusher, to the proximal end of the pusher, to the proximal end of the second portion of the pusher, to a location between the proximal end of the second portion of the pusher and the proximal end of the first portion of the pusher, and to a location between the proximal end of the second portion of the pusher and the distal end of the second portion of the pusher. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a second exemplary delivery system  332  and catheter  210 . The delivery system  332  is similar to delivery system  232  illustrated in  FIG. 4 , and described above, except as detailed below. With respect to delivery system  332 , reference numbers in  FIG. 5  refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in  FIG. 4 , offset by 100. Thus, the delivery system  332  has a housing  334 , cannula  336 , and a pusher  338 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, housing  334  defines a slot  372 , protuberances  374 , finger flanges  376 , and grooves  378 . Pusher  338  defines a raised track  382 , protuberances  384 , and finger flange  386 . In addition, cannula  336  defines a bend  380  along the cannula length. 
     Slot  372  is elongated and extends from the housing proximal end  340  towards the housing distal end  342  and through the wall  343  of the housing  334 . Slot  372  provides access to housing lumen  348 . Slot  372  can comprise any suitable length and width that allows raised track  382  to be slidably disposed within slot  372 , as described below. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structural arrangement for a slot according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the structural arrangement of a pusher intended to be used with the housing. 
     Each of the protuberances  374  extends into slot  372  and tapers from the distal end of the protuberance to the proximal end of the protuberance. Protuberances  374  can have any suitable length and define any suitable taper such that protuberances  384  can pass through the length of housing  334  that defines protuberances  374  in at least the distal direction. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structural arrangement for the protuberances of a housing according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the structural arrangement of a pusher intended to be used with the housing. 
     Each of the finger flanges  376  extends radially outward from housing  334  and defines a curve along its length. Finger flanges  376  advantageously provide structure for a user to grasp delivery system  332  and initiate axial movement between housing  334  and pusher  338 . 
     Each of the grooves  378  defines a depression that extends into the wall  343  of housing  334  and provides a mechanism for a user to place the delivery system  332  between one or more fingers such that rotation of the delivery system  332  can be achieved. While particular structural arrangements have been described and illustrated for finger flanges  376  and grooves  378 , other structural arrangements are considered suitable. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structural arrangement for a finger flange and a groove according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the structural arrangement of a pusher intended to be used with the housing. Optionally, finger flanges  376  and/or grooves  378  can be omitted from delivery system  332 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, cannula  336  has a cannula length that extends from the cannula proximal end  350  to the cannula distal end  352  and defines a bend  380  along the cannula length. Bend  380  can be disposed at any suitable angle  381  on cannula  336  and can be formed at any suitable location along the cannula length. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable angle and location for a bend according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the bodily passage within which a catheter is to be deployed. The inventors have determined that angles between about 1 degree to about 180 degrees are suitable. In addition, the inventors have determined that angles between about 110 degrees to about 170 degrees are suitable. Furthermore, the inventors have determined that an angle of about, equal to, or substantially equal to 150 degrees is also suitable. 
     In addition, while a cannula defining a single bend has been illustrated and described, a cannula of a delivery system can define any suitable number of bends along the cannula length, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable number of bends for a cannula according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example numbers of bends considered suitable for a cannula include, but are not limited to, one, two, three, four and any other number considered suitable for a particular application. For example, a cannula can define a proximal bend and a distal bend along the cannula length and the bends can be defined at angles that are equal to, substantially equal to, or different from one another (e.g., a distal bend that is less than a proximal bend, a distal bend that is greater than a proximal bend). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the first portion  360  of pusher  338  defines a raised track  382 , protuberances  384 , and finger flange  386 . Raised track  382  extends radially outward from the first portion  360 , along a portion, or the entirety, of the length of pusher  338  and defines a structural arrangement that complements slot  372 . Raised track  382 , or a portion thereof, is adapted to be slidably disposed within slot  372  such that pusher  338  moves axially along the length of housing  334  when axial force is applied to pusher  338 . Raised track  382  can comprise any suitable length and width such that it can be slidably disposed within slot  372 . Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structural arrangement for a raised track according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the structural arrangement of a housing intended to be used with the pusher. 
     Protuberances  384  are defined on the distal end of raised track  382  and each protuberance extends radially outward from raised track  382 . Each protuberance  384  tapers from the proximal end of the protuberance  384  to the distal end of the protuberance  384 . Protuberances  384  can have any suitable length and define any suitable taper such that protuberances  384  can pass through the length of housing  334  that defines protuberances  374  in at least the distal direction. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structural arrangement for the protuberances of a pusher according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the structural arrangement of a housing intended to be used with the pusher. 
     Raised track  382  and protuberances  384  have a structural arrangement that complements slot  372  and protuberances  374  such that raised track  382  and protuberances  384  can be slidably disposed within slot  372 . Protuberances  384  are adapted to pass protuberances  374  in a distal direction, illustrated by arrow  385 , such that once protuberances  384  are positioned distal to protuberances  374 , the distal end of protuberances  374  and proximal end of protuberances  384  interact to limit proximal movement of pusher  338 . The distal end of slot  372  limits distal movement of pusher  338 , illustrated by arrow  385 . Thus, slot  372  advantageously provides a track for guiding proximal and distal axial movement of pusher  338  along the length of housing  334 . For example, when raised track  382  is inserted into slot  372 , the distance between each protuberance  374  across slot  372  increases from a first distance to a second, greater, distance to allow protuberances  384  to pass distally past protuberances  374 . Once protuberances  384  have past, and are positioned distal to protuberances  374 , the distance between each protuberance  374  across slot  372  returns to the first distance such that interaction (e.g., interference) between the distal end of protuberances  374  and proximal end of protuberances  384  can occur. 
     Finger flange  386  is disposed along the length of raised track  382  and extends radially outward from raised track  382 . Finger flange  386  advantageously provides a mechanism for advancing pusher  338  axially in the proximal or distal direction upon the application of force. It is considered advantageous to provide finger flange  386  along the length of pusher  338 , between the first proximal end  364  and the first distal end  366 , at least to provide additional structure to move pusher  338  in a proximal and distal direction (e.g., by a user with small hands). While a single finger flange  386  has been described and illustrated as disposed along the length of raised track  382 , any suitable number of finger flanges can be positioned at any suitable location along the length of pusher  338 , and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable number of finger flanges and a suitable location to position each finger flange  386  according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the structural arrangement of a pusher intended to be used with the finger flange. Example number of finger flanges considered suitable to include, but are not limited to, one, two, three, four and any other number considered suitable for a particular application. 
     While delivery system  332  has been described and illustrated as having catheter  210  disposed in cannula  336 , it is considered suitable to include any suitable catheter within cannula  336 . Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired treatment intended to be performed. Example catheters considered suitable include, but are not limited to, any catheter described herein (e.g., catheter  10 , catheter  110 , catheter  210 , catheter  310 , catheter  810 ), and any other suitable catheter. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a third exemplary delivery system  432 . The delivery system  432  is similar to delivery system  332  illustrated in  FIG. 5 , and described above, except as detailed below. With respect to delivery system  432 , reference numbers in  FIG. 6  refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in  FIG. 5 , offset by 100. Thus, the delivery system  432  has a housing  434 , cannula  436 , and a pusher  438 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, protuberances  374 , raised track  382 , and protuberances  384 , as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , have been omitted and housing  434  defines a second slot  473  that extends through the wall  443  of housing  434 . Second slot  473  extends from a slot first end  475  disposed between the housing proximal end  440  and the housing distal end  442  to a slot second end  477  disposed distal to the slot first end  475  and between the housing distal end  442  and the slot first end  475 . Pusher  438  includes a pin  439  that extends radially outward from the first portion  460  of pusher  438 . Pin  439  is adapted to be disposed within second slot  473  and provides a mechanism for limiting proximal and distal movement of pusher  438  between the length disposed between slot first end  475  and the slot second end  477 . 
     Pin  439  can be attached to pusher  438  using any suitable method and at any suitable time during the manufacturing process, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable method and time to attach a pin to a pusher according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the structural arrangement of the housing of a delivery system. While delivery system  432  has been described as omitting the inclusion of protuberances  374 , raised track  382 , and protuberances  384 , as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , these elements can optionally be included in delivery system  432 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a fourth exemplary delivery system  532 . The delivery system  532  is similar to delivery system  332  illustrated in  FIG. 5 , and described above, except as detailed below. With respect to delivery system  532 , reference numbers in  FIG. 7  refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in  FIG. 5 , offset by 200. Thus, the delivery system  532  has a housing  534 , cannula  536 , and a pusher  538 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, slot  372 , protuberances  374 , finger flanges  376 , raised track  382 , and protuberances  384 , as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , have been omitted and housing  534  defines slot  573  that extends through the wall  543  of housing  534 . Slot  573  extends from a slot first end  575  disposed between the housing proximal end  540  and the housing distal end  542  to a slot second end  577  disposed distal to the slot first end  575  and between the housing distal end  542  and the slot first end  575 . Pusher  538  includes two finger flanges  541  each of which has a first portion that extends radially outward from the first portion  560  of pusher  538  and a second portion disposed outside of slot  573 . The first portion of each finger flanges  541  is adapted to be disposed within slot  573  and provides a mechanism for limiting proximal and distal movement of pusher  538  between the length disposed between slot first end  575  and the slot second end  577 . The second portion is adapted to slide along the outer surface of housing  534  and provides a mechanism for a user to transfer axial movement to pusher  538 . 
     Finger flanges  541  can be attached to pusher  538  using any suitable method and at any suitable time during the manufacturing process, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable method and time to attach a flinger flange to a pusher according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the structural arrangement of the housing of a delivery system. While delivery system  532  has been described as omitting the inclusion of slot  372 , protuberances  374 , raised track  382 , and protuberances  384 , as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , these elements can optionally be included in delivery system  532 . 
     While two finger flanges  541  have been illustrated, any suitable number of finger flanges can be included on a delivery device, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable number of finger flanges according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the length of the delivery device. Example number of finger flanges considered suitable to include on delivery device include, but are not limited to, one, at least one, two, a plurality, three, and any other number considered suitable for a particular application. 
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  illustrate a fifth exemplary delivery system  632  and catheter  210 . The delivery system  632  is similar to delivery system  332  illustrated in  FIG. 5 , and described above, except as detailed below. With respect to delivery system  632 , reference numbers in  FIGS. 8A  and  8 B refer to the same structural element or feature referenced by the same number in  FIG. 5 , offset by 300. Thus, the delivery system  632  has a housing  634 , cannula  636 , and a pusher  638 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the pusher  638  further comprises an elongate member  700 , spring  702 , and cap  704 . 
     The first portion  660  of pusher  638  defines passageway  661  and notches  663 . Passageway  661  extends along the length of the first portion  660  from an opening on the first proximal end  664  to an opening on the first distal end  666 . Notches  663  extend through the body of the first portion and are in communication with passageway  661 . The second portion  662  of pusher  638  defines passageway  665  that extends along the length of the second portion  662  from an opening on the second proximal end  668  to an opening on the second distal end  670 . 
     Elongate member  700  comprises a proximal end  706 , a distal end  708 , a body  710 , and flanges  712  that extend radially outward from body  710 . Body  710  is slidably disposed through passageway  661  and within passageway  665 . Flanges  712  are slidably disposed in notches  663  defined by first portion  660 . It is considered advantageous for elongate member  700  to be formed of a flexible, or substantially flexible, material such that advancement through the lumen of a cannula can be achieved. 
     While elongate member  700  has been described as formed of particular materials, elongate member can be formed of any suitable material, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable material for an elongate member according to a particular member based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example materials considered suitable to form an elongate member include, but are not limited to, polymers, such as nylon, polyethylene, polycarbonate, and mixtures thereof, metals such as stainless steel, nickel titanium, coiled materials, or other suitable materials. 
     In addition, while elongate member  700  has been illustrated as a unitary structure, any suitable number of components can be used to form an elongate member, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable number of components according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 8C , an elongate member  730  comprises a body  732 , retaining member  734 , and a snap pin  736 . In the illustrated embodiment, the retaining member  734  replaces flanges  712 , as illustrated and described with respect to  FIGS. 8A and 8B , and body  732  is rotatable with respect to retaining member  734 , as described below. 
     Body  732  has a proximal end  738 , a distal end  740 , and defines a first diameter  742 , a second diameter  744 , shoulder  746 , and a recess  748 . The first diameter  742  extends from the proximal end  738  and towards the distal end  740  to shoulder  746 . The second diameter  744  extends from shoulder  746  to the distal end  740 . Recess  748  extends radially into the portion of body  732  that defines the first diameter  742  and is disposed between the proximal end  738  and shoulder  746 . 
     Retaining member  734  has a proximal side  750 , a distal side  752 , and defines an outside diameter  754  and a passageway  756  that extends from an opening on the proximal side  750  to an opening on the distal side  752 . 
     The first diameter is less than the diameter of passageway  756  and the second diameter is greater than the diameter of passageway  756 . The portion of body  732  that defines the first diameter  742  is disposed through passageway  756  of the retaining member  734 . The length of the body  732  that defines the first diameter  742  can vary and need only position proximal end  738  and recess  748  proximal to the proximal side  750  of retaining member  734 . Snap pin  736  is disposed within recess  748  to rotatably attach body  732  to retaining member  734 . 
     It is considered advantageous to include a body  732  that is free to rotate with respect to retaining member  734  at least because this configuration allows body  732  and a releasably attached catheter (not shown) to freely rotate with respect to the delivery system when in use. The ability of a catheter to rotate with respect to the delivery system is considered advantageous at least because the catheter can adjust to the anatomy of a bodily passage during deployment. 
     While a snap pin  736  has been illustrated and described as providing an attachment between body  732  and retaining member  734 , any suitable component and/or structure capable of maintaining a body within a passageway of a retaining member is considered suitable, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable component and/or structure according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example components and/or structures considered suitable include, but are not limited to, O-rings, cotter pins, and retaining rings. 
     Spring  702  is disposed in passageway  661  proximal to flanges  712  and distal to cap  704 . Thus, spring  702  is disposed between flanges  712  and cap  704 . In the illustrated embodiment, spring  702  is a compression spring, which exerts a force resisting compression proportional to the distance the spring has been compressed. While spring  702  has been described as a particular type of spring, any suitable spring, formed of any suitable material, and having any suitable compressed and/or uncompressed lengths is considered suitable. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable spring, material to form a spring, and suitable compressed and/or uncompressed lengths according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. 
     Cap  704  comprises any suitable member capable of retaining spring  702  and elongate member  700  within passageway  661 , and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable member according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. In the illustrated embodiment, cap  704  comprises a proximal end  720 , distal end  722 , body  724 , and defines recess  726  that extends into body  724  from the distal end  722  towards the proximal end  720 . Cap  704  is adapted to releasably attach to the first proximal end  664  of pusher  638 . Releasable attachment between cap  704  and first proximal end  664  can be accomplished using any suitable method of attachment, such as an interference fit between the elements. 
     Delivery system  632  has a first configuration and a second configuration.  FIG. 8A  illustrates delivery system  632  in the first configuration in which spring  702  exerts a force on the proximal end  706  of elongate member  700  such that flanges  712  interact with the distal end of notches  663 . In this configuration, catheter  210  is releasably attached to the distal end  708  of elongate member  700 . Releasable attachment between the catheter  210  and elongate member  700  is accomplished by an interference fit between the distal end  708  of elongate member  700  and catheter  210 , in which the distal end  708  of elongate member  700  is disposed within catheter lumen  220 . 
       FIG. 8B  illustrates delivery system  632  in a second, deployed configuration. In this configuration, a distal force has been placed on pusher  638  such that pusher  638  has advanced distally through housing lumen  648 . 
     As pusher  638  is moved distally from the first configuration to the second configuration, flanges  712  come into contact with housing proximal end  640  such that spring  702  begins to compress. As pusher  638  continues to move distally, the first portion  660  and second portion  662  of pusher  638  advance distally over elongate member  700  such that the second distal end  670  interacts with and transfers axial movement of pusher  638  to the proximal end  212  of catheter  210 . The transfer of axial movement from pusher  638  to catheter  210 , and the interaction of flanges  712  with housing proximal end  640 , causes catheter  210  to become free of elongate member  700  by moving the second portion  662  over the distal end  708  of elongate member  700 . Once moved to the second configuration, as shown in  FIG. 8B , the catheter  210  is free of elongate member  700  such that catheter  210  can be deployed within a bodily passage, as described in further detail herein. 
     Optionally, delivery system  632  can include a collar that can be positioned on pusher  638  proximal to flanges  712  and distal to first proximal end  664 . Thus, the collar can be positioned between flanges  712  and first proximal end  664 . The collar is adapted to releasably attach to pusher  638  using any suitable method (e.g., snap fit) and is considered advantageous at least because when attached to pusher  638  it prevents the elongate member  700  from moving in a proximal direction. Thus, including a collar provides a mechanism for attaching a catheter to the distal end  708  of the elongate member  700 . 
     While particular delivery systems have been described and illustrated herein, any suitable delivery system, having any suitable structural arrangement, is considered suitable to deliver a catheter. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable delivery system according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be used. 
     In addition, any of the elements, features, and/or structural arrangements described herein with respect to any delivery system can be combined in any suitable manner, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable element, feature, and/or structural arrangement for a delivery system according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. 
       FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, and 9D  illustrate the deployment of a catheter  810  within the maxillary sinus cavity  894  using delivery system  332 . Catheter  810  is similar to catheter  10  illustrated in  FIG. 1 , and described above, except as detailed below. Reference numbers in  FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, and 9D  refer to the same structural element or feature reference by the same number in  FIG. 1 , offset by 800. Thus, catheter  810  has a catheter proximal end  812 , a catheter distal end  814 , and defines a catheter lumen  820 , a bend  822 , and a coil  824 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the catheter distal end  814  is tapered and catheter  810  defines a plurality of apertures  828  and has a marker  830  disposed at bend  822 . Catheter  810  defines bend  822  at an angle equal to, or substantially equal to, 90 degrees and the plurality of apertures  828  is disposed along the length of coil  824 , distal to bend  822 . 
     While deployment of the catheter  810  is being described and illustrated as accomplished with delivery system  332 , deployment of catheter  810  can be accomplished using any suitable delivery system and any suitable method, such as those described herein. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable delivery system and method to deploy a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the bodily passage within which the catheter is intended to be used. Example methods of delivering a catheter considered suitable include, but are not limited to, using one of the delivery systems described herein, and delivering a catheter over a previously placed guide wire. 
     In addition, while deployment of catheter  810  is being described and illustrated with respect to the maxillary sinus cavity  894 , deployment of a catheter can be accomplished in any suitable bodily passage, sinus passage, or sinus cavity. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable location to deploy a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired treatment that is intended to be performed. 
     Furthermore, while delivery system  332  has been described and illustrated as deploying catheter  810 , it is considered suitable to deploy any suitable catheter within a bodily passage, such as maxillary sinus  894 . Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable catheter to deploy in a bodily passage according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired treatment intended to be performed. Example catheters considered suitable include, but are not limited to, any catheter described herein (e.g., catheter  10 , catheter  110 , catheter  210 , catheter  310 , catheter  810 ), and any other suitable catheter. 
       FIG. 9A  illustrates a cannula distal end  352  of delivery system  332  that has been passed through nostril  890  and disposed within nasal passage  892 . Catheter  810  is disposed within the cannula lumen  358  in a first, straight, or substantially straight, configuration and catheter distal end  814  is disposed within cannula lumen  358 . 
     In  FIG. 9B  the second distal end  370  of pusher  338  has been advanced axially in the distal direction, illustrated by arrow  385 , and catheter  810  is in a partially deployed configuration, such that catheter distal end  814  is free of cannula lumen  358 . As can be seen in  FIG. 9B , once the catheter distal end  814  is free of the cannula lumen  358 , the catheter  810  begins to move to its second configuration and curves relative to cannula  336  to begin defining coil  824 . This is considered advantageous at least because as the catheter  810  moves to the second configuration, the catheter distal end  814  can be navigated into a desired bodily passage, in this case the maxillary sinus cavity  894  through the maxillary sinus ostium  896 . 
     While passing catheter  810  through the maxillary sinus ostium  896  has been described and illustrated, a catheter can be passed through any suitable opening and into any suitable bodily passage, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable opening and bodily passage according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, include the treatment intended to be performed. Example openings considered suitable to pass a catheter through including, but are not limited to, an auxiliary ostium, natural ostium, sinus passage, and the opening of a ventilation tube, such as any of those described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/158,063 (filed Jun. 10, 2011), and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     In  FIG. 9C  pusher  338  has been advanced axially in the distal direction, illustrated by arrow  385 , such that catheter  810  has been advanced through the cannula second opening  356  to expose marker  830 . The catheter distal end  814  has advanced into the maxillary sinus cavity  894  and catheter  810  has defined coil  824 . It is considered advantageous to define coil  824  along a portion of the catheter length at least because it provides a mechanism for holding catheter  810  in place within the maxillary sinus cavity  894  and because it allows catheter  810  to be removed from the maxillary sinus cavity  894  without the application of a great amount of force. In addition, coil  824  is considered advantageous at least because it provides additional structure within the maxillary sinus cavity  894  to introduce a medication or fluid (e.g., through the plurality of apertures  828 ). 
       FIG. 9D  illustrates catheter  810  in a fully deployed second configuration in which catheter  810  defines bend  822  and coil  824 . Coil  824  is positioned within the maxillary sinus  894  and the portion of the catheter  810  proximal to bend  822  extends through the nasal passage  892  and out of nostril  890 . It is considered advantageous to include bend  822  at least to position the portion of the catheter  810  proximal to the bend  822  down the nasal passage  892 , to minimize discomfort, and to allow the catheter proximal end  812  to be positioned such that a user can introduce a medication or fluid into the catheter lumen  820  through the catheter first opening  816  and into the maxillary sinus cavity  894 . 
     Any excess length of catheter  810  extending out of nostril  890  can be trimmed to any suitable length, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable length to trim the proximal end of a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the length of the nasal passage. Example lengths considered suitable include, but are not limited to, trimming the proximal end of a catheter such that the proximal end is disposed within the nasal passage (e.g., distal to the nostril), trimming the proximal end of a catheter such that the proximal end is disposed at the opening of the nasal passage (e.g., nostril), and trimming the proximal end of a catheter such that the proximal end is disposed proximal to the opening of the nasal passage (e.g., nostril). 
       FIG. 10  illustrates an exemplary kit  900  comprising a delivery system  902  according to an embodiment, such as delivery system  332  illustrated in  FIG. 5 ; a plurality of catheters  904 ,  906 , and  908  according to an embodiment, such as catheter  10 , catheter  110 , catheter  210 , catheter  310 , catheter  810 , as illustrated and described herein; a plurality of vials of medication or fluid  910 ; a first applicator tip  912 , a second applicator tip  913 ; a tool  914  for introducing medication or fluid into a catheter; and instructions for use  916 . 
     While a single delivery system  902 , a plurality of catheters  904 ,  906 , and  908 , and a plurality of vials of medication or fluid  910  have been described and illustrated in kit  900 , any suitable number of delivery systems, catheters, and vials of medication or fluid can be included in kit  900 . Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable number of delivery systems, catheters, and vials of medication or fluid according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example numbers of delivery systems, catheters, and/or vials of medication or fluid considered suitable to include in a kit include, but are not limited to, one, two, three, four and any other number considered suitable for a particular application. 
     Furthermore, while delivery system  902  and catheters  904 ,  906 , and  908  have been described and illustrated in kit  900 , any suitable delivery system and any suitable catheter can be included in kit  900 . Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable delivery system and catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example delivery systems considered suitable to include in kit  900  include, but are not limited to, delivery system  232 , delivery system  332 , delivery system  432 , delivery system  532 , delivery system  632 , a wire guide, and/or any other delivery system considered suitable for a particular application. Example catheters considered suitable to include in kit  900  include, but are not limited to, catheter  10 , catheter  110 , catheter  210 , catheter  310 , catheter  810 , and/or any other catheter considered suitable for a particular application. 
     The first applicator tip  912  and second applicator tip  913  are adapted to be releasably attached to a catheter proximal end such that the applicator tip is in communication with the catheter first opening (e.g., catheter first opening  16 ) of a provided catheter. Each of the first applicator tip  912  and second applicator tip  913  allows for a user to add additional structure (syringe) to the catheter proximal end to pass medication or fluid through the catheter lumen. Each of the first applicator tip  912  and second applicator tip  913  can have any suitable structural arrangement and be formed of any suitable material, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable structural arrangement and material for an applicator tip according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. For example, an applicator tip can be formed out of a flexible material and be tapered such that a seal is provided when the applicator tip is positioned on the proximal end of a catheter (e.g., within lumen of catheter). Alternatively, an applicator tip may have an outside diameter that is less than the inside diameter of a catheter lumen such that applicator tip can be inserted into a catheter lumen and a medication or fluid can be passed through the catheter lumen. 
     Any suitable tool  914  for introducing medication or fluid into a catheter can be included in kit  900 , and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable tool according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example tools considered suitable include, but are not limited to, syringes, and any other suitable device capable of introducing a medication or fluid into the lumen of a catheter. 
       FIG. 11  is a flowchart representation of an exemplary method  1000  of deploying a medical device, such as catheter  810  as described herein, into a sinus cavity. An initial step  1002  comprises advancing a delivery system, such as delivery system  332  having a catheter  810  disposed in cannula  336 , into a nasal passage such that the cannula distal end  352  is disposed within the nasal passage. Thus, the delivery system has a delivery system proximal end and a delivery system distal end and a portion of the delivery system (e.g., the delivery system distal end) is disposed within the nasal passage. Another step  1004  comprises navigating the cannula distal end  352  towards a point of treatment. Another step  1006  comprises applying a distal force on pusher  338  such that the catheter distal end  814  passes through the cannula second opening  356  and begins to move from a first straight, or substantially straight, configuration to a second configuration that defines coil  824 . Another step  1008  comprises continuing the application of a distal force on pusher  338  such that the catheter distal end  814  passes through the sinus passage and into the sinus cavity and catheter  810  defines coil  824  within the sinus cavity. Another step  1010  comprises visualizing marker  830 . Another step  1012  comprises withdrawing the delivery device (e.g., cannula distal end  352 ) from the nasal passage. Another step  1014  comprises confirming placement of catheter  810 . Another step  1016  comprises trimming the catheter length. 
     The step  1002  of advancing a delivery system, such as delivery system  332  having a catheter  810  disposed in cannula  336 , into a nasal passage such that the cannula distal end  352  is disposed in the nasal passage can be accomplished using any suitable delivery system or structure capable deploying a catheter into a bodily passage, such as a sinus cavity. While method  1000  has been described as using delivery system  332  to deploy a catheter in a sinus cavity, it is considered suitable to use any suitable delivery system to deploy a catheter. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable delivery system according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired treatment intended to be performed. Example delivery systems considered suitable include, but are not limited to, delivery system  232 , delivery system  332 , delivery system  432 , delivery system  532 , delivery system  632 , a wire guide, and any other suitable delivery system. 
     Furthermore, while method  1000  has been described as deploying catheter  810  into a sinus cavity, it is considered suitable to deploy any suitable catheter into any suitable bodily passage. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable catheter and bodily passage to deploy a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired treatment intended to be performed. Example catheters considered suitable include, but are not limited to, catheter  10 , catheter  110 , catheter  210 , catheter  310 , catheter  810 , and any other suitable catheter. 
     The step  1004  of navigating the cannula distal end  352  towards a point of treatment can be accomplished by navigating the cannula distal end  352  through the nasal passage and towards a point of treatment (e.g., maxillary sinus ostium, maxillary sinus cavity). 
     The step  1006  of applying a distal force on pusher  338  such that the catheter distal end  814  passes through the cannula second opening  356  and begins to move from a first straight, or substantially straight, configuration to a second configuration that defines coil  824  can be accomplished by a user applying a distal force on the pusher proximal end  364 , or other portion of the pusher  338 . The application of a distal force on the pusher proximal end  364 , or other portion of the pusher  338 , axially advances the pusher  338  in the distal direction such that the pusher distal end  370  engages the catheter proximal end  812  to advance the catheter distal end  814  through cannula second opening  356 . When the catheter distal end  814  passes through the cannula second opening  356  it begins to move to its second configuration in which catheter  810  defines coil  824 . Thus, the length of catheter  810  that is free of cannula  336  forms a curve, or angle, with respect to cannula  336 , which allows for the catheter distal end  814  to be navigated towards, and/or through, a nasal passage, sinus passage, and/or sinus cavity. 
     An optional step comprises confirming placement of the cannula distal end  352  and/or that the catheter distal end  814  is being passed through a desired sinus passage and/or into a desired sinus cavity. This optional step can be accomplished using any suitable method of visualization, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable method to visualize a cannula and/or catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example methods of visualization include, but are not limited, using direct visualization, fluoroscopy, a scope (e.g., endoscope), transcutaneously, and/or taking an x-ray. 
     A further example method of visualizing the position of a catheter prior to, during, or subsequent to deployment, includes inserting an optical fiber through the catheter lumen and activating the optical fiber via a light source to determine placement of the catheter transcutaneously (e.g., transilluminating a sinus cavity or other bodily passage). To accomplish passing an optical fiber through a catheter lumen, any of the pushers described herein can define an optical fiber lumen that extends between an opening at, or near, the proximal end of the pusher and an opening at, or near, the distal end of the pusher. The optical fiber can be introduced and passed through the optical fiber lumen of the pusher and also introduced into and/or passed through the catheter lumen. 
     Any suitable optical fiber defining a light path along its length can be used to accomplish visualization, and a skilled artisan will be able to select a suitable optical fiber according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Commercially available optical fibers considered suitable include, but are not limited to, plastic optical fibers and glass optical fibers, with or without cladding. For example, an optical fiber having a proximal end operatively connected, and/or attached, to a light source can be used. The optical fiber can be configured to emit light axially and/or radially and can optionally define one or more curves and/or bends along the optical fiber length. 
     The step  1008  of continuing the application of a distal force on pusher  338  such that the catheter distal end  814  passes through the sinus passage and into the sinus cavity and catheter  810  defines coil  824  within the sinus cavity can be accomplished by a user continuing to apply a distal force on the pusher proximal end  364 , or other portion of the pusher  338 , until marker  830  is observed distal to the cannula distal end  352 , the pusher has been fully advanced in the distal direction, and/or a suitable length of catheter has been deployed from delivery system  332 . It is considered advantageous to include marker  830  on a catheter proximal to coil  824  at least to allow a user to determine when the length of catheter  810  defining coil  824  is free of cannula  336  and has been deployed. 
     The step  1010  of visualizing marker  830  can be accomplished by direct visualization, x-ray, with a scope, or as otherwise described herein. Step  1010  is considered optional and can be omitted from method  1000 . 
     The step  1012  of withdrawing the cannula distal end  352  from the nasal passage can be accomplished by placing a proximal force on the housing  334 , or other portion of the delivery system  332  (e.g., finger flanges  376 ) to remove the cannula distal end  352  from the nasal passage. 
     The step  1014  of confirming placement of catheter  810  can be accomplished via any suitable method of visualization, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable method to visualize a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example methods of visualizing a catheter during, or subsequent to, deployment to confirm its placement include, but are not limited, using direct visualization, fluoroscopy, a scope (e.g., endoscope), transcutaneously, and/or taking an x-ray. Optionally, step  1014  can be omitted from method  1000 . 
     The step  1016  of trimming the catheter length can be accomplished by removing any suitable catheter length from the catheter proximal end using any suitable tool. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable catheter length to remove from a catheter and a suitable tool to accomplish such removal according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example lengths considered suitable to remove from the proximal end of a catheter include, but are not limited to, trimming the proximal end of a catheter such that the proximal end is disposed within the nasal passage (e.g., distal to the nostril), trimming the proximal end of a catheter such that the proximal end is disposed at the opening of the nasal passage (e.g., nostril), and trimming the proximal end of a catheter such that the proximal end is disposed proximal to the opening of the nasal passage (e.g., nostril). Example tools considered suitable to remove a portion of the catheter length include, but are not limited to, scissors, cutting implements, and any other device capable of removing a portion of the catheter length. Step  1016  is considered optional and can be omitted from method  1000 . 
     It is considered advantageous to complete method  1000  in the order illustrated and/or described. It is noted, however, that any order is considered suitable. 
     While various steps, alternative steps, and optional steps have been described above with respect to deploying a medical device in a sinus passage, these steps, alternative steps, and optional steps can be included in, accomplished concurrently with, and/or accomplished in the alternative to, the method, steps, alternative steps, and/or optional steps described below with respect to method  1100 , or any other method described herein. 
     Alternative to deploying a medical device using a delivery system, a medical device can be deployed over a wire guide, as described herein. 
     A step comprises advancing a catheter over a wire guide having a wire guide proximal end and a wire guide distal end such that a portion, or the entirety, of the catheter is disposed on the wire guide (e.g., catheter distal end). Thus, the catheter is in a straight, or substantially straight, configuration. Another step comprises advancing the wire guide into a nasal passage such that the wire guide distal end and the catheter distal end are disposed within the nasal passage. Another step comprises navigating the wire guide distal end toward a point of treatment. Another step comprises applying a distal force on the catheter such that it is advanced distally over the wire guide and into an opening, such as those described herein (e.g., sinus passage), and begins to move from a first straight, or substantially straight, configuration to a second configuration that defines a coil. Another step comprises continuing the application of a distal force on the catheter such that the catheter distal end passes through the opening (e.g., sinus passage) and into the sinus cavity and catheter defines the coil within the sinus cavity. Another step comprises withdrawing the wire guide from the nasal passage. Another step comprises confirming placement of catheter. Another step comprises trimming the catheter length. 
     An optional step that can be completed when a catheter is advanced over a wire guide includes confirming placement of, or visualizing, a marker, or the color of a portion of the catheter. For example, if a marker is disposed at a bend defined by the catheter, then an optional step can comprise confirming that the marker is disposed at, near, or adjacent, to the opening (e.g., sinus passage). Another optional step comprises continuing the application of a distal force on the catheter until the marker is disposed at the opening. 
     An alternative method of deploying a medical device over a wire guide can be accomplished as described below. 
     A step comprises advancing a catheter over a wire guide having a wire guide proximal end and a wire guide distal end such that a portion, or the entirety, of the catheter is disposed on the wire guide (e.g., catheter distal end). Thus, the catheter is in a straight, or substantially straight, configuration. Another step comprises advancing the wire guide into a nasal passage such that the wire guide distal end and the catheter distal end are disposed within the nasal passage. Another step comprises navigating the wire guide distal end toward a point of treatment. Another step comprises navigating the wire guide distal end and catheter distal end into an opening, such as those described herein (e.g., sinus passage). Another step comprises withdrawing the wire guide from the nasal passage and maintaining the position of, or applying a distal force on the catheter, such that it is moved from a first straight, or substantially straight, configuration to a second configuration that defines a coil within the sinus cavity. This step can be accomplished by confirming that a marker disposed on the catheter is disposed at the opening. Another step comprises confirming placement of catheter. Another step comprises trimming the catheter length. 
     If a wire guide is used to deploy a catheter, any suitable wire guide formed of any suitable material and having any suitable structural arrangement can be used. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable wire guide and material for a wire guide according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the bodily passage being treated. Example wire guides considered suitable to accomplish one or more steps or methods described herein include, but are not limited to, wire guides having a coiled shaft, wire guides having a mandril shaft with a coiled tip, wire guides having coated coils or mandril, illuminating wire guides, and any other wire guide considered suitable for a particular application. Example materials considered suitable to form a wire guide include but are not limited to, stainless steel, nickel titanium, titanium, platinum, palladium, combinations of materials described herein, and any other material considered suitable for a particular application. It is considered advantageous to use an illuminating wire guide to complete one or more steps or methods described herein to assist with placement of a catheter within a bodily passage. Alternatively, wire guides that have a fiber optic disposed through a lumen defined by the wire guide can be used. 
     Suitable structural arrangements for a wire guide considered suitable include, but are not limited to, a wire guide that is straight, or substantially straight, along its axial length, a wire guide that defines a bend at an angle about 30 degrees, 60 degree, 90 degrees, or about 180 degrees along its length (e.g., between the wire guide proximal end and wire guide distal end, near the wire guide distal end), and any other structural arrangement considered suitable for a particular application. 
       FIG. 12  is a flowchart representation of an exemplary method of treatment  1100 . Method  1100  is similar to that described above with respect to method  1000 , except as described below. An initial step  1102  comprises advancing a delivery system, such as delivery system  332  having a catheter  810  disposed in cannula  336 , into a nasal passage such that the cannula distal end  352  is disposed within the nasal passage. Another step  1104  comprises navigating the cannula distal end  352  towards a point of treatment. Another step  1106  comprises applying a distal force on pusher  338  such that the catheter distal end  814  passes through the cannula second opening  356  and begins to move from a first straight, or substantially straight, configuration to a second configuration that defines coil  824 . Another step  1108  comprises continuing the application of a distal force on pusher  338  such that the catheter distal end  814  passes through the sinus passage and into the sinus cavity and catheter  810  defines coil  824  within the sinus cavity. Another step  1110  comprises withdrawing the cannula distal end  352  from the nasal passage. Another step  1112  comprises confirming placement of catheter  810 . Another step  1114  comprises introducing medication or fluid into catheter lumen  820  and into the sinus cavity. Another step  1116  comprises allowing an interval of time to pass. Another step  1118  comprises introducing medication or fluid into catheter lumen  820  and into the sinus cavity. Another step  1120  comprises allowing for the patient having catheter  810  disposed within the sinus cavity to travel from a first location to a second location. Another step  1122  comprises introducing medication or fluid into catheter lumen  820  and into the sinus cavity. Another step  1124  comprises removing catheter  810  from the sinus cavity and nasal passage. 
     The step  1112  of confirming placement of catheter  810  can be accomplished via any suitable method of visualization, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable method to visualize a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, such as the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example methods of visualizing a catheter during, or subsequent to, deployment to confirm its placement include, but are not limited, using direct visualization, fluoroscopy, a scope (e.g., endoscope), transcutaneously, and/or taking an x-ray. Optionally, step  1014  can be omitted from method  1100 . 
     Each of steps  1114 ,  1118 , and  1122  of introducing medication or fluid into catheter lumen  820  and into the sinus cavity can be accomplished using any suitable device and/or medication. For example, a syringe in communication with the first catheter opening  816  can be used to pass medication or fluid through the catheter lumen  820  and into the sinus cavity through the plurality of openings  828 . Alternatively, if a catheter defines a single opening (e.g., second catheter opening  18 ), the medication or fluid can be introduced into the sinus cavity through such opening. Each of steps  1114 ,  1118 , and  1120  can optionally be completed by any suitable individual (e.g., physician and/or a patient). 
     Any suitable medication or fluid can be used to accomplished each of steps  1114 ,  1118 , and  1122  and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable medication or fluid according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired treatment intended performed. Example medications and/or fluids considered suitable include, but are not limited to, saline, steroids, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-fungals, surfactants, and antihistamines. 
     The step  1116  of allowing an interval of time to pass can be accomplished by completing step  1114  and waiting for an interval of time to pass before completing step  1118 ,  1120  and/or step  1122 . Any suitable interval of time is considered suitable, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable interval of time according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the condition being treated, and the desired medication or fluid to be used. Example intervals of time considered suitable include, but are not limited to, allowing one or more seconds, one or more minutes, one or more hours, one or more days, one or more weeks, and/or one or more months to pass. 
     The step  1120  of allowing for the patient having catheter  810  disposed within the sinus cavity to travel from a first location to a second location can be accomplished by the patient traveling from a first location (e.g., physician&#39;s office) to a second location (e.g., patient&#39;s home). Any suitable location is considered suitable for a first location and a second location, and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable location according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the condition being treated, and the desired medication or fluid to be used. Step  1120  is considered optional and can be omitted from method  1100 . 
     Each of steps  1114 ,  1116 ,  1118 ,  1120 ,  1122  can be accomplished one or more times such that a medication or fluid can be introduced into a sinus cavity at one or more times, and/or at one or more locations. 
     The step  1124  of removing catheter  810  from the sinus cavity and nasal passage can be accomplished by placing a proximal force on the catheter proximal end  812 , or other portion of catheter  810 , such that the length of catheter  810  disposed within the sinus cavity passes proximally through the sinus passage, through the nasal passage, and out of the nostril. 
     An optional step comprises trimming the proximal end of the catheter and can be accomplished by removing any suitable catheter length from the catheter proximal end using any suitable tool. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable catheter length to remove from a catheter and a suitable tool to accomplish such removal according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. Example lengths considered suitable to remove from the proximal end of a catheter include, but are not limited to, trimming the proximal end of a catheter such that the proximal end is disposed within the nasal passage (e.g., distal to the nostril), trimming the proximal end of a catheter such that the proximal end is disposed at the opening of the nasal passage (e.g., nostril), and trimming the proximal end of a catheter such that the proximal end is disposed proximal to the opening of the nasal passage (e.g., nostril). Example tools considered suitable to remove a portion of the catheter length include, but are not limited to, scissors, cutting implements, and any other device capable of removing a portion of the catheter length. This step can be completed prior, or subsequent, to any suitable step within method  1100 , and skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable time to complete this optional step according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired bodily passage within which a catheter is intended to be deployed. For example, the optional step of trimming a catheter can be accomplished prior, or subsequent, to step  1112  of confirming placement of catheter, step  1114  of introducing medication or fluid into catheter lumen, step  1116  of allowing an interval of time to pass, step  1118  of introducing medication or fluid into catheter lumen, step  1120  of allowing for travel from a first location to a second location, and/or step  1122  of introducing medication or fluid into catheter lumen. 
     While method  1100  has been described as using delivery system  332  to deploy a catheter in a sinus cavity, it is considered suitable to use any suitable delivery system to deploy a catheter. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable delivery system according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired treatment intended to be performed. Example delivery systems considered suitable include, but are not limited to, delivery system  232 , delivery system  332 , delivery system  432 , delivery system  532 , delivery system  632 , a wire guide, and any other suitable delivery system. 
     While method  1100  has been described as deploying catheter  810  in a sinus cavity, it is considered suitable to deploy any suitable catheter into any suitable bodily passage. Skilled artisans will be able to select a suitable catheter and suitable bodily passage to deploy a catheter according to a particular embodiment based on various considerations, including the desired treatment intended to be performed. Example catheters considered suitable include, but are not limited to, catheter  10 , catheter  110 , catheter  210 , catheter  310 , catheter  810 , and any other suitable catheter. 
     It is considered advantageous to complete method  1100  in the order illustrated and/or described. It is noted, however, that any order is considered suitable. 
     While various steps, alternative steps, and optional steps have been described above with respect to method of treatment  1100 , these steps, alternative steps, and optional steps can be included in, accomplished concurrently with, and/or accomplished in the alternative to, the method, steps, alternative steps, and/or optional steps described above with respect to method  1000 , or any other method described herein. 
     The foregoing detailed description provides exemplary embodiments of the invention and includes the best mode for practicing the invention. The description and illustration of embodiments is intended only to provide examples of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention, or its protection, in any manner.