Patent Publication Number: US-2023163110-A1

Title: Display apparatus

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwanese application no. 110144075, filed on Nov. 25, 2021. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     The disclosure relates to an optoelectronic device. In particular, the disclosure relates to a display apparatus. 
     Description of Related Art 
     With the evolution of display technology, thinned display apparatuses with high resolution are favored by the mainstream market. In recent years, due to technological breakthrough in the process of light-emitting diode (LED) elements, a micro-LED display or a millimeter-scale LED display that can be manufactured by arranging LED elements into an array and need not be provided with a liquid crystal layer or a color filter has been developed, and can further reduce a thickness of the display apparatus. In addition, compared to an organic LED display, the micro-LED display is more power-saving and has a longer lifespan. 
     Currently during the process of manufacturing the micro-LED display, a large number of LED elements need to be transferred to a driving backplane through mass transfer. Some of the LED elements transferred to the driving backplane may be abnormal and need to be removed. Then, LED elements for repair are transferred to the driving backplane to complete repair. However, during repair, a transfer element that picks up the LED elements for repair may damage normal LED elements that have been transferred to the driving backplane, affecting the yield of the micro-LED display. 
     SUMMARY 
     The disclosure provides a display apparatus, for which repair is relatively easy. 
     The disclosure provides another display apparatus, for which is repair also relatively easy. 
     According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a display apparatus includes a driving backplane and a plurality of light-emitting elements. The driving backplane includes a substrate, a plurality of pixel driving circuits, and a conductive layer. The pixel driving circuits are disposed on the substrate. The conductive layer has a plurality of conductive patterns. The conductive patterns are respectively electrically connected to the pixel driving circuits. The light-emitting elements are respectively electrically connected to the conductive patterns. Each of the light-emitting elements has a top surface facing away from the substrate. The light-emitting elements include a first light-emitting element and a second light-emitting element. The conductive patterns include a first conductive pattern and a second conductive pattern. The first light-emitting element and the second light-emitting element are respectively electrically connected to the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern. A first distance is between the top surface of the first light-emitting element and the first conductive pattern. A second distance is between the top surface of the second light-emitting element and the second conductive pattern. The second distance is greater than the first distance. 
     According to another embodiment of the disclosure, a display apparatus includes a driving backplane and a plurality of light-emitting elements. The driving backplane includes a substrate, a plurality of pixel driving circuits, and a pad layer. The pixel driving circuits are disposed on the substrate. The pad layer has a plurality of pad sets. The pad sets are respectively electrically connected to the pixel driving circuits. The light-emitting elements are respectively electrically connected to the pad sets. The light-emitting elements include a first light-emitting element and a second light-emitting element. The pad sets include a first pad set and a second pad set. The first light-emitting element and the second light-emitting element are respectively electrically connected to the first pad set and the second pad set. A distance between at least one pad of the second pad set and the substrate is greater than a distance between at least one pad of the first pad set and the substrate. 
     To make the aforementioned more comprehensible, several embodiments accompanied with drawings are described in detail as follows. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  2 A  to  FIG.  2 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  3 A  to  FIG.  3 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  4 A  to  FIG.  4 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  5 A  to  FIG.  5 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  6 A  to  FIG.  6 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  7 A  to  FIG.  7 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  8 A  to  FIG.  8 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or similar parts. 
     It should be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being “on”, or “connected to” another element, it may be directly on or connected to said another element, or intermediate elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” or “directly connected to” another element, no intermediate elements are present. As used herein, the term “connection” may refer to physical connection and/or electrical connection. Furthermore, “electrical connection” or “coupling” may encompass the presence of other elements between two elements. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by people of ordinary skill in the art. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the disclosure and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly so defined herein. 
       FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     With reference to  FIG.  1 A , a display apparatus  10  includes a driving backplane  100 . The driving backplane  100  includes a substrate  110 . For example, in this embodiment, the material of the substrate  110  may be glass, quartz, an organic polymer, or other applicable materials. 
     The display apparatus  10  further includes a plurality of pixel driving circuits SPC disposed on the substrate  110 . For example, in this embodiment, each pixel driving circuit SPC may include a data line (not shown), a scan line (not shown), a power line (not shown), a common line (not shown), a first transistor (not shown), a second transistor T 2 , and a capacitor (not shown). The first end of the first transistor is electrically connected to the data line, the control end of the first transistor is electrically connected to the scan line, the second end of the first transistor is electrically connected to the control end T 2   c  of the second transistor T 2 , the first end T 2   a  of the second transistor T 2  is electrically connected to the power line, and the capacitor is electrically connected to the second end of the first transistor and the first end T 2   a  of the second transistor T 2 . Nonetheless, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The driving backplane  100  further includes a conductive layer  130  having a plurality of conductive patterns  131  and  132 . The conductive patterns  131  and  132  are respectively electrically connected to the pixel driving circuits SPC. For example, in this embodiment, each of the conductive patterns  131  and  132  may be electrically connected to the second end T 2   b  of the second transistor T 2  corresponding to one pixel driving circuit SPC, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In this embodiment, the conductive layer  130  is, for example, a transparent conductive layer, and includes metal oxide such as indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, indium germanium zinc oxide, other suitable oxides, or a stacked layer of at least two of the above, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The driving backplane  100  further includes a pad layer  140  having a plurality of pad sets  141  and  142 . The pad sets  141  and  142  are respectively electrically connected to the pixel driving circuits SPC. Each of the pad sets  141  and  142  includes a plurality of pads  140   a . One pad  140   a  of each of the pad sets  141  and  142  is electrically connected to a corresponding one of the conductive patterns  131  and  132 , and another one pad  140   a  of each of the pad sets  141  and  142  is electrically connected to the common line (not shown) of a corresponding pixel driving circuit SPC. 
     In this embodiment, the conductive layer  130  may be disposed on the pixel driving circuits SPC, and the driving backplane  100  may further include a dielectric layer  120  disposed between the conductive layer  130  and the pixel driving circuits SPC. In this embodiment, the pad layer  140  is disposed on the conductive layer  130 , and the driving backplane  100  may further include another dielectric layer  150  disposed between the pad layer  140  and the conductive layer  130 . In this embodiment, the materials of the dielectric layers  120  and  150  may be inorganic materials (e.g., silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or a stacked layer of at least two of the above materials), organic materials, or a combination thereof. 
     The display apparatus  10  further includes a plurality of light-emitting elements LED. Each light-emitting element LED has a top surface LEDa facing away from the substrate  110 . In this embodiment, each light-emitting element LED includes a die D, a plurality of electrodes  240 , and a plurality of conductive bumps  250 . The die D includes a first-type semiconductor layer  210 , a second-type semiconductor layer  220 , and an active layer  230  disposed between the first-type semiconductor layer  210  and the second-type semiconductor layer  220 . The electrodes  240  are respectively electrically connected to the first-type semiconductor layer  210  and the second-type semiconductor layer  220 , and the conductive bumps  250  are respectively electrically connected to the electrodes  240 . The conductive bumps  250  of each light-emitting element LED are respectively electrically connected to the pads  140   a  of the corresponding ones of the pad sets  141  or  142 . 
     The light-emitting elements LED are respectively electrically connected to the conductive patterns  131  and  132 . To be specific, in this embodiment, the light-emitting elements LED are respectively electrically connected to the pad sets  141  and  142 , and the pad sets  141  and  142  are respectively electrically connected to the conductive patterns  131  and  132 . In this embodiment, the light-emitting elements LED may include micro-LEDs (μLEDs), but the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     With reference to  FIG.  1 A  and  FIG.  1 B , in this embodiment, detection may be performed on the display apparatus  10  to detect whether the light-emitting elements LED that have been transferred to the driving backplane  100  are normal. A normal light-emitting element LED (i.e., a first light-emitting element LED 1 ) may be retained on the driving backplane  100 , and an abnormal light-emitting element (not shown) may be removed. After that, a light-emitting element LED for repair (i.e., a second light-emitting element LED 2 ) is transferred to and electrically connected to the driving backplane  100 . 
     In this embodiment, compared to the normal light-emitting element LED (i.e., the first light-emitting element LED 1 ) that is retained on the driving backplane  100 , the light-emitting element LED for repair (i.e., the second light-emitting element LED 2 ) further includes a color conversion pattern  260 . The color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  is disposed on the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2 . 
     When the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair is transferred to the driving backplane  100  by utilizing a transfer element  1 , due to the color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  has, when pressed down to connect the second light-emitting element LED 2  with the driving backplane  100 , the transfer element  1  is not likely to damage the first light-emitting element LED 1  that is normal and retained on the driving backplane  100 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  1 B  and  FIG.  1 C , after the repair above is completed, an encapsulation layer  300  may be formed on the driving backplane  100  to cover the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2 , and complete a repaired display apparatus  10 ′. The light-emitting elements LED of the display apparatus  10 ′ include the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The conductive patterns  131  and  132  of the driving backplane  100  of the display apparatus  10 ′ include a first conductive pattern  131  and a second conductive pattern  132 . The first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2  are respectively electrically connected to the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . A first distance D 1  is between the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . A second distance D 2  is between the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The second distance D 2  is greater than the first distance D 1 . 
     In this embodiment, the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  has the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . The first distance D 1  is between a top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . The second light-emitting element LED 2  includes the die D and the color conversion pattern  260 . The color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  is disposed on the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  has the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2 . Furthermore, the second distance D 2  is between a top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . In other words, in this embodiment, the distance (i.e., the second distance D 2 ) between the top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132  is greater than the distance (i.e., the first distance DO between the top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . The top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  are in direct contact with the encapsulation layer  300 . 
     Note that, the reference numerals and part of the content of the embodiments above remain to be used in the embodiments below, where the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same or similar elements, and the description of the same technical content is omitted. Reference may be made to the embodiments above for the description of the omitted part, which will not be repeated in the embodiments below. 
       FIG.  2 A  to  FIG.  2 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     Display apparatuses  10 A and  10 A′ of  FIG.  2 A  to  FIG.  2 C  are similar to the display apparatuses  10  and  10 ′ of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C , and their difference lies in: the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  2 A  to  FIG.  2 C  are different from the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C . 
     With reference to  FIG.  2 A , specifically, in this embodiment, the first light-emitting element LED 1  that is normal retained on the driving backplane  100  includes the die D and the color conversion pattern  260 , and the color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1  is disposed on the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1 ; the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair includes the die D and a light transmitting pattern  270 , and the light transmitting pattern  270  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  is disposed on the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2 . 
     A thickness T 270  of the light transmitting pattern  270  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  is greater than a thickness T 260  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . With reference to  FIG.  2 A  and  FIG.  2 B , accordingly, when the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair is transferred to the driving backplane  100  by utilizing the transfer element  1 , due to the greater thickness of the light transmitting pattern  270  of the second light-emitting element LED 2 , when pressed down to connect the second light-emitting element LED 2  with the driving backplane  100 , the transfer element  1  is not likely to damage the first light-emitting element LED 1  that is normal and retained on the driving backplane  100 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  2 C , the light-emitting elements LED of the repaired display apparatus  10 A′ include the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The conductive patterns  131  and  132  of the driving backplane  100  of the display apparatus  10 A′ include the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2  are respectively electrically connected to the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . A first distance D 1  is between the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . A second distance D 2  is between the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The second distance D 2  is greater than the first distance D 1 . 
     In this embodiment, the light transmitting pattern  270  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  has the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1  has the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . The first distance D 1  is between the top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . Furthermore, the second distance D 2  is between a top surface  270   a  of the light transmitting pattern  270  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . In other words, in this embodiment, the distance (i.e., the second distance D 2 ) between the top surface  270   a  of the light transmitting pattern  270  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132  is greater than the distance (i.e., the first distance DO between the top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . The top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the top surface  270   a  of the light transmitting pattern  270  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  are in direct contact with the encapsulation layer  300 . 
     For example, in this embodiment, the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  are both configured to emit a same first color light (e.g., blue light). The color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1  is configured to convert the first color light (e.g., blue light) into a second color light (e.g., red light or green light). The light transmitting pattern  270  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  allow the first color light (e.g., blue light) to pass without converting the color of the first color light. Nonetheless, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  3 A  to  FIG.  3 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     Display apparatuses  10 B and  10 B′ of  FIG.  3 A  to  FIG.  3 C  are similar to the display apparatuses  10  and  10 ′ of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C , and their difference lies in: the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  3 A  to  FIG.  3 C  are different from the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C . 
     With reference to  FIG.  3 A , specifically, in this embodiment, the first light-emitting element LED 1  that is normal and retained on the driving backplane  100  includes the die D and the color conversion pattern  260 , and the color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1  is disposed on the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1 ; the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair further includes the die D and the color conversion pattern  260 , and the color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  is disposed on the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2 . 
     A thickness T 260 - 2  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair is greater than a thickness T 260 - 1  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . With reference to  FIG.  3 A  and  FIG.  3 B , accordingly, when the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair is transferred to the driving backplane  100  by utilizing the transfer element  1 , due to the greater thickness of the color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2 , when pressed down to connect the second light-emitting element LED 2  with the driving backplane  100 , the transfer element  1  is not likely to damage the first light-emitting element LED 1  that is normal and retained on the driving backplane  100 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  3 C , the light-emitting elements LED of the repaired display apparatus  10 B′ include the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The conductive patterns  131  and  132  of the driving backplane  100  of the display apparatus  10 B′ include the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2  are respectively electrically connected to the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . A first distance D 1  is between the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . A second distance D 2  is between the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The second distance D 2  is greater than the first distance D 1 . 
     In this embodiment, the color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  has the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1  has the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . The first distance D 1  is between the top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . Furthermore, the second distance D 2  is between the top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . In other words, in this embodiment, the distance (i.e., the second distance D 2 ) between the top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132  is greater than the distance (i.e., the first distance DO between the top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . The top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the top surface  260   a  of the color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  are in direct contact with the encapsulation layer  300 . 
     For example, in this embodiment, the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  are both configured to emit a same first color light (e.g., blue light). The color conversion pattern  260  of the first light-emitting element LED 1  is configured to convert the first color light (e.g., blue light) into a second color light (e.g., red light). The color conversion pattern  260  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  is configured to convert the first color light (e.g., blue light) into a third color light (e.g., green light). 
     Nonetheless, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  4 A  to  FIG.  4 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     Display apparatuses  10 C and  10 C′ of  FIG.  4 A  to  FIG.  4 C  are similar to the display apparatuses  10  and  10 ′ of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C , and their difference lies in: the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  4 A  to  FIG.  4 C  are different from the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C . 
     With reference to  FIG.  4 A , specifically, in this embodiment, a thickness T 250 - 2  of at least one of the conductive bumps  250  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  is greater than a thickness T 250 - 1  of at least one of the conductive bumps  250  of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . With reference to  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B , accordingly, when the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair is transferred to the driving backplane  100  by utilizing the transfer element  1 , due to the greater thickness of the conductive bump  250  of the second light-emitting element LED 2 , when pressed down to connect the second light-emitting element LED 2  with the driving backplane  100 , the transfer element  1  is not likely to damage the first light-emitting element LED 1  that is normal and retained on the driving backplane  100 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  4 C , the light-emitting elements LED of the repaired display apparatus  10 C′ include the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The conductive patterns  131  and  132  of the driving backplane  100  of the display apparatus  10 C′ include the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2  are respectively electrically connected to the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . A first distance D 1  is between the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . A second distance D 2  is between the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The second distance D 2  is greater than the first distance D 1 . 
     In this embodiment, the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  has the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  has the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . The first distance D 1  is between the top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . Furthermore, the second distance D 2  is between the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . In other words, in this embodiment, the distance (i.e., the second distance D 2 ) between the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132  is greater than the distance (i.e., the first distance DO between the top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . The top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  are in direct contact with the encapsulation layer  300 . 
       FIG.  5 A  to  FIG.  5 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     Display apparatuses  10 D and  10 D′ of  FIG.  5 A  to  FIG.  5 C  are similar to the display apparatuses  10  and  10 ′ of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C , and their difference lies in: the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  5 A  to  FIG.  5 C  are different from the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C . 
     With reference to  FIG.  5 A , specifically, in this embodiment, a thickness T 210 - 2  of the first-type semiconductor layer  210  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  is greater than a thickness T 210 - 1  of the first-type semiconductor layer  210  of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . With reference to  FIG.  5 A  and  FIG.  5 B , accordingly, when the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair is transferred to the driving backplane  100  by utilizing the transfer element  1 , due to the greater thickness of the first-type semiconductor layer  210  of the second light-emitting element LED 2 , when pressed down to connect the second light-emitting element LED 2  with the driving backplane  100 , the transfer element  1  is not likely to damage the first light-emitting element LED 1  that is normal and retained on the driving backplane  100 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  5 C , the light-emitting elements LED of the repaired display apparatus  10 D′ include the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The conductive patterns  131  and  132  of the driving backplane  100  of the display apparatus  10 D′ include the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2  are respectively electrically connected to the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . A first distance D 1  is between the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . A second distance D 2  is between the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The second distance D 2  is greater than the first distance D 1 . 
     In this embodiment, the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  has the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  has the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . The first distance D 1  is between the top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . Furthermore, the second distance D 2  is between the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . In other words, in this embodiment, the distance (i.e., the second distance D 2 ) between the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132  is greater than the distance (i.e., the first distance DO between the top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . The top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  are in direct contact with the encapsulation layer  300 . 
       FIG.  6 A  to  FIG.  6 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     Display apparatuses  10 E and  10 E′ of  FIG.  6 A  to  FIG.  6 C  are similar to the display apparatuses  10  and  10 ′ of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C , and their difference lies in: the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  6 A  to  FIG.  6 C  are different from the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C . 
     With reference to  FIG.  6 A , specifically, in this embodiment, a thickness T 230 - 2  of the active layer  230  of the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair is greater than a thickness T 230 - 1  of the active layer  230  of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . With reference to  FIG.  6 A  and  FIG.  6 B , accordingly, when the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair is transferred to the driving backplane  100  by utilizing the transfer element  1 , due to the greater thickness of the active layer  230  of the second light-emitting element LED 2 , when pressed down to connect the second light-emitting element LED 2  with the driving backplane  100 , the transfer element  1  is not likely to damage the first light-emitting element LED 1  that is normal and retained on the driving backplane  100 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  6 C , the light-emitting elements LED of the repaired display apparatus  10 E′ include the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The conductive patterns  131  and  132  of the driving backplane  100  of the display apparatus  10 E′ include the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2  are respectively electrically connected to the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . A first distance D 1  is between the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . A second distance D 2  is between the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The second distance D 2  is greater than the first distance D 1 . 
     In this embodiment, the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  has the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  has the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . The first distance D 1  is between the top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . Furthermore, the second distance D 2  is between the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . In other words, in this embodiment, the distance (i.e., the second distance D 2 ) between the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132  is greater than the distance (i.e., the first distance DO between the top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . The top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  are in direct contact with the encapsulation layer  300 . 
       FIG.  7 A  to  FIG.  7 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     Display apparatuses  10 F and  10 F′ of  FIG.  7 A  to  FIG.  7 C  are similar to the display apparatuses  10  and  10 ′ of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C , and their difference lies in: the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  7 A  to  FIG.  7 C  are different from the light-emitting elements LED of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C . 
     With reference to  FIG.  7 A , specifically, in this embodiment, a thickness T 240 - 2  of at least one of the electrodes  240  of the second light-emitting element LED for repair is greater than a thickness T 240 - 1  of at least one of the electrodes  240  of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . With reference to  FIG.  7 A  and  FIG.  7 B , accordingly, when the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair is transferred to the driving backplane  100  by utilizing the transfer element  1 , due to the greater thickness of the electrode  240  of the second light-emitting element LED 2 , when pressed down to connect the second light-emitting element LED 2  with the driving backplane  100 , the transfer element  1  is not likely to damage the first light-emitting element LED 1  that is normal and retained on the driving backplane  100 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  7 C , the light-emitting elements LED of the repaired display apparatus  10 F′ include the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The conductive patterns  131  and  132  of the driving backplane  100  of the display apparatus  10 F′ include the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2  are respectively electrically connected to the first conductive pattern  131  and the second conductive pattern  132 . A first distance D 1  is between the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . A second distance D 2  is between the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . The second distance D 2  is greater than the first distance D 1 . 
     In this embodiment, the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  has the top surface LEDa of the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  has the top surface LEDa of the first light-emitting element LED 1 . The first distance D 1  is between the top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . Furthermore, the second distance D 2  is between the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132 . In other words, in this embodiment, the distance (i.e., the second distance D 2 ) between the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  and the second conductive pattern  132  is greater than the distance (i.e., the first distance DO between the top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the first conductive pattern  131 . The top surface Da of the die D of the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the top surface Da of the die D of the second light-emitting element LED 2  are in direct contact with the encapsulation layer  300 . 
     In  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C ,  FIG.  2 A  to  FIG.  2 C ,  FIG.  3 A  to  FIG.  3 C ,  FIG.  4 A  to  FIG.  4 C ,  FIG.  5 A  to  FIG.  5 C ,  FIG.  6 A  to  FIG.  6 C , and  FIG.  7 A  to  FIG.  7 C , the second light-emitting element LED 2  may serve for on-site repair or off-site repair. 
       FIG.  8 A  to  FIG.  8 C  show a repair process of a display apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     A display apparatus  10 G of  FIG.  8 A  to  FIG.  8 C  is similar to the display apparatus  10  of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C , and their difference lies in: a driving backplane  100 G of the embodiment of  FIG.  8 A  to  FIG.  8 C  is different from the driving backplane  100  of the embodiment of  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 C . 
     With reference to  FIG.  8 A , specifically, in this embodiment, the dielectric layer  120  of the driving backplane  100 G is disposed between the pad layer  140  and the substrate  110 . In particular, the dielectric layer  120  includes a flat part  121  and a protrusive part  122  protruding from the flat part  121 . In this embodiment, the region where the flat part  121  of the driving backplane  100 G is located serves for disposing the first light-emitting element LED 1  that is transferred to the driving backplane  100 G for the first time, and the region where the protrusive part  122  of the driving backplane  100 G is located serves for off-site repair. 
     With reference to  FIG.  8 A , detection may be performed on the display apparatus  10 G to detect whether the light-emitting elements LED that have been transferred to the driving backplane  100 G is normal. A normal light-emitting element LED (i.e., the first light-emitting element LED 1 ) may be retained on the driving backplane  100 G, and an abnormal light-emitting element (not shown) may be removed. After that, the light-emitting element LED for repair (i.e., the second light-emitting element LED 2 ) is transferred to and electrically connected to the driving backplane  100 G. 
     In this embodiment, the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair is transferred to the protrusive part  122  of the dielectric layer  120 . Therefore, when pressed down to connect the second light-emitting element LED 2  with the driving backplane  100 , the transfer element  1  is not likely to damage the first light-emitting element LED 1  that is normal and retained on the driving backplane  100 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  8 B  and  FIG.  8 C , after the repair above is completed, the encapsulation layer  300  may be formed on the driving backplane  100 G to cover the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2 , and complete a repaired display apparatus  10 G′. With reference to  FIG.  8 C , the second light-emitting element LED 2  for repair of the display apparatus  10 G′ overlaps the protrusive part  122  of the dielectric layer  120 , and the first light-emitting element LED 1  of the display apparatus  10 G′ overlaps the flat part  121  of the dielectric layer  120 . The light-emitting elements LED of the display apparatus  10 G′ include the first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2 . The pad sets  141  and  142  of the display apparatus  10 G′ include a first pad set  141  and a second pad set  142 . The first light-emitting element LED 1  and the second light-emitting element LED 2  are respectively electrically connected to the first pad set  141  and the second pad set  142 . A distance A 2  between the at least one pad  140   a  of the second pad set  142  and the substrate  110  is greater than a distance A 1  between the at least one pad  140   a  of the first pad set  141  and the substrate  110 . 
     In this embodiment, the dielectric layer  120  having the protrusive part  122  may be selectively located between the conductive layer  130  and the pixel driving circuits SPC. The second conductive pattern  132  may be located on the protrusive part  122  of the dielectric layer  120 . The first conductive pattern  131  may be located on the flat part  121  of the dielectric layer  120 . A distance B 2  between the second conductive pattern  132  and the substrate  110  may be greater than a distance B 1  between the first conductive pattern  131  and the substrate  110 . Nonetheless, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the protrusive part for disposing the second light-emitting element LED 2  for off-site repair may also be formed by using other film layers (e.g., the dielectric layer  150 ). 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the disclosure covers modifications and variations provided that they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.