Patent Publication Number: US-2005115187-A1

Title: Building structure

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
      The present invention relates to an architectural structure through which, for instance, roofs, ceilings, floors and walls of large size can be formed while exhibiting quake-resistant and oscillation-absorbing properties and that is suitably employed as a large space structure such as a gymnasium, a school building or an exhibition hall.  
     BACKGROUND ART  
      In large space structures such as gymnasiums, school buildings or exhibition halls, planar structures such as roofs, ceilings, floors or walls are formed to be large size for securing a large internal space while it is necessary to support these planar structures by means of columns or similar that are collected at peripheries of the building. It was thus conventionally performed to form the planar structures themselves or frames such as beams and binding beams for supporting the same of rigid steel material to comprise rigid structures with improved flexural rigidity.  
      However, since the rigid structures are inferior in weight absorbability, there are possibilities that they are apt to deform upon application of excess load and that they receive unconsidered damages, and their arrangement as rigid structures lead to increased weight which makes the load applied to the columns or similar even larger.  
     DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION  
      The present invention has been worked out in view of the above problems, and the first invention of the present application aims to provide an architectural structure that is capable of forming planar structures that are suitable for use as roofs, ceilings and floors to be of large size while holding down increase in weight, and that is capable of absorbing, upon application of elastic functions to the planar structures, excess load through such elastic deformation for improving quake-resistant and oscillation-absorbing properties.  
      The second invention aims to provide an architectural structure that is capable of forming planar structures that are suitable for use as outer walls to be of large size while holding down increase in weight, and that is capable of absorbing, upon application of elastic functions to the planar structures, excess load through such elastic deformation for improving quake-resistant and oscillation-absorbing properties.  
      For achieving the above purposes, the architectural structure of the first invention is characterized in that it comprises architectural frameworks in which bent architectural members, each of which includes, in a successive manner, a horizontal frame portion and a longitudinal portion that succeeds from an end portion of the horizontal frame portion through an arc-like portion and that bends in a substantially right-angular manner with respect to the horizontal frame portion, are arranged in that joint portions including a multiple surface connecting portions for joining at least the longitudinal frame portions while facing each other at multiple surfaces of not less than three surfaces are used for sequentially joining the longitudinal frame portions so as to comprise a planar base portion in which the horizontal frame portions continue into each other and in which the joint portions are projecting out.  
      The architectural structure of the second invention is characterized in that it comprises an architectural framework in which bent architectural members, each of which includes, in a successive manner, a horizontal frame portion and a longitudinal portion that succeeds from an end portion of the horizontal frame portion through an arc-like portion and that is bent with respect to the horizontal frame portion, are arranged in that joint portions for double surface connection for joining the frame portions at two surfaces back to back for sequentially joining the frame portions so as to comprise a planar base portion in which the frame portions continue into each other and in which the joint portions are not projecting out. 
    
    
     BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view for conceptually illustrating one embodiment of the architectural structure according to the first invention.  
       FIG. 2  is a partial perspective view for illustrating a case in which the architectural frameworks are employed as a floor portion.  
       FIG. 3  is a side view thereof.  
      FIGS.  4 (A) to  4 (C) are horizontal sectional views in horizontal directions for illustrating examples of joint portions for longitudinal framework portions that are joined by using filler materials.  
      FIGS.  5 (A) and  5 (B) are a side view and a horizontal sectional view in a horizontal direction for illustrating examples of joint portions for longitudinal framework portions that are joined without using filler materials.  
      FIGS.  6 (A) and  6 (B) are side views for illustrating another embodiment of the bent architectural members and an architectural framework employing the same.  
      FIGS.  7 (A) to  7 (D) are diagrams for explaining definitions of “substantially right-angular”.  
       FIG. 8  is a partial perspective view illustrating an example in which the architectural framework is employed at a roof portion.  
       FIG. 9  is a side view thereof.  
       FIG. 10  is a side view illustrating another embodiment of the architectural frameworks employed at a roof portion.  
       FIG. 11  is a perspective view illustrating still another embodiment of the architectural frameworks employed at a roof portion.  
       FIG. 12  is a perspective view for conceptually illustrating an embodiment of the architectural structure according to the second invention.  
       FIG. 13  is a front view illustrating an example in which the architectural frameworks are employed as an outer wall portion.  
      FIGS.  14 ( a ) to  14 ( c ) are perspective views illustrating one example of bent architectural members.  
      FIGS.  15 ( a ) to  15 ( g ) are perspective views illustrating another example of bent architectural members.  
       FIG. 16  is a perspective view illustrating a condition in which the bent architectural members are dovetail joined.  
       FIG. 17  is an exploded perspective view thereof.  
       FIG. 18 ( a ) is a sectional view illustrating a condition prior to insertion of a placing tool at the dovetail joint.  
       FIG. 18 ( b ) is a sectional view illustrating a condition after insertion.  
       FIG. 19  is a perspective view illustrating another placing tool.  
       FIG. 20  is a sectional view illustrating still another placing tool.  
       FIG. 21  is a sectional view illustrating a fixing tool.  
       FIG. 22 ( a ) is a plan view illustrating another example of the architectural framework and (b) a plan view illustrating still another example of the architectural framework.  
       FIG. 23  is a front view of FIGS.  22 ( a ) and  22 ( b ).  
       FIG. 24  is a perspective view conceptually illustrating an architectural structure that is composed of the architectural frameworks of FIGS.  22 ( a ) and  22 ( b ).  
       FIG. 25  is a side view illustrating an architectural framework that gradually inclines in approaching the top.  
       FIG. 26  is a side view illustrating another architectural framework that gradually inclines in approaching the top.  
       FIG. 27  is a plan view of ring-like bodies in which a part of the architectural framework of  FIG. 28  is illustrated in exploded form.  
       FIG. 28  is a diagram illustrating another example of the architectural framework.  
      FIGS.  29  to  31  are diagrams for illustrating still another example of the architectural framework. 
    
    
     BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION  
      Embodiments for carrying out the present invention will now be explained on the basis with illustrated examples. In this respect, FIGS.  1  to  11  related to a first invention of the present application wherein  FIG. 1  is a perspective view for conceptually illustrating a case in which an architectural structure  1 A of the first invention is formed as a gymnasium representing one large space structure,  FIG. 2 a  perspective view illustrating a floor portion of a first floor portion of the architectural structure  1 A, and  FIG. 8 a  perspective view illustrating a roof portion. Further, FIGS.  12  to  31  are drawings for explaining an architectural structure according to a second invention of the present application.  FIGS. 12 and 13  are a diagram and a front view for explaining an outer wall portion thereof.  
      In  FIG. 1 , the architectural structure  1 A of the first invention is, in the present example, a two-storied gymnasium having an arc-like roof portion  7 , and includes upper and lower architectural frameworks  4 U,  4 L with planar base portions  3  that are composed by sequentially joining bent architectural members  2 .  
      The lower architectural frameworks  4 L are employed for forming a first planar structure S 1 , which comprises a floor portion  6  of the second floor portion, and the upper architectural frameworks  4 U are employed for forming a second planar structure S 2 , which comprises a roof portion  7 .  
      The floor portion  6  includes the lower architectural frameworks  4 L that are supported by frames (not shown) including, for instance, columnar bodies that are erected along an outer wall W and horizontal beam members that connect between the columnar bodies, and floor materials  9 A (as illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 ) are attached onto the lower architectural frameworks  4 L with floor wood sheathings  8 A being interposed therebetween.  
      As illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the lower architectural frameworks  4 L are further formed of the base portions  3  composed of bent architectural members  2  and shape retaining retention frame materials  10  for retaining the shape of the base portions  3  upon being fixed onto the upper surfaces of the base portion  3 .  
      As illustrated in  FIG. 3  in enlarged form, the bent architectural member  2  comprises, in a successive manner, a horizontal frame portion  11  and a longitudinal frame portion  13  that continues from an end portion of the horizontal frame portion  11  through an arc-like portion  12  and that is bent in a substantially right-angular manner with respect to the horizontal frame portion  11 . The present example illustrates a case in which longitudinal frame portions  13  are provided at both ends of the horizontal frame portion  11  to form a substantially U-shaped manner.  
      In the present example, each bent architectural member  2  is composed of a flat wood-based material having a rectangular section, wherein the arc-like portion  12  is formed such that a wide width surface thereof faces in and outward in the radial direction and such that its wooden fiber is deflected in a length direction. In this respect, while laminated wood and composite wood may be favorably used as the wood-based material besides solid wood material as in the present example, it is also possible to form them of other materials such as synthetic resin materials or metallic materials upon demand.  
      The above-mentioned term “substantially right-angular” denotes a case in which, when respective longitudinal frame portions  13  are respectively connected in a back-to-back aligned manner as illustrated in FIGS.  7 (A) to (D), the longitudinal frame portions  13  are orthogonal to a horizontal frame portion connecting line L that is formed by the respective horizontal frame portions  11  that are ranged serially. At this time, the connecting line of the horizontal frame portions L maybe a straight line ( FIG. 7 (A)), an arc-like curve ( FIG. 7 (B)), or a wave-like zigzag line (FIGS.  7 (C), (D)), and in case of a zigzag line, orthogonalization is made with respect to a center N of the zigzag.  
      As for the bent architectural members  2 , while it is preferable to form the horizontal frame portions  11  thereof in a straight-linear manner as in the present example when forming the floor portion  6 , it is alternatively possible, upon demand, to form the same in an arc-like shape with a large radius of curvature R as illustrated in  FIG. 7 (C). In this respect, an “arc-like shape with a large radius of curvature R” means an arc which radius of curvature R is not less than 2.5 times than the radius of curvature r of the arc-like portion  12 .  
      By mutually joining such bent architectural members  2 , the base portions  3  are formed in a planar shape. More particularly, the base portions  3  are formed by sequentially joining the longitudinal frame portions  13  by using connecting portions P each including a multiple surfaces connecting portion P 1  with at least longitudinal frame portions  13  being joined while facing each other at multiple surfaces of not less than three surfaces. In this manner, the base portion  3  will be arranged in that the horizontal frame portions  11  continue into each other and the joint portions P project downward.  
      The present example illustrates a case in which the horizontal frame portions  11  continue into each other in a grid-like manner. In such a case, each multiple surface connecting portion P 1  comprises, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 (A), a cross-shaped four surface connecting portion P 1   a  that comprises a major portion of the base portion  3  upon joining the longitudinal frame portions  13  upon facing each other at four surfaces and, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 (B), a T-shaped three surface connecting portion P 1   b  that comprises a side edge portion of the base portion  3  upon joining them while facing each other at three surfaces. The joint portion P may also include, other than the multiple surface connecting portion P 1 , as illustrated in  FIG. 4 (C), an L-shaped two surface connecting portion P 2  that comprises a corner portion of the base portion  3  upon joining the longitudinal frame portions  13  facing each other at two surfaces.  
      At this time, the joint portion P of the present invention is arranged in that filler materials  15  are interposed between the longitudinal frame portions  13  facing each other to thus achieve a firm joint while stabilizing intervals between the respective longitudinal frame portions  13 . However, it is also possible to directly join the clearances between the respective longitudinal frame portions  13  without interposing filler materials  15  as illustrated in FIGS.  5 (A) and (B). In this respect, while the present example illustrates a case in which the fastening tools  16  such as bolts or nuts are employed as the connecting means, it is also possible to suitably employ, for instance, various kinds of dovetail joints in which dovetail tenons and dovetail grooves (also including dovetail tenon holes) are fitted with each other.  
      Here, the bent architectural member  2  can exhibit superior elastic functions through its arc-like portion  12 , and as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , external force F (such as load or oscillation) acting thereon are converted in an in-plane direction while absorbing the same so that it is sequentially transmitted to adjoining bent architectural members  2  for dispersion. Accordingly, in the presence of a local destructive movement (such as oscillation) in the base portions  3  that are formed by the bent architectural members  2 , this movement will be sequentially attenuated through the elastic function of the bent architectural members  2  that are connected through the joint portions P to be dispersed in all directions. In the presence of a movement in the entire base portion  3 , all bent architectural members  2  will simultaneously exhibit elastic functions so that the movement is individually attenuated through the resistivity thereof.  
      Accordingly, also where the base portion  3  is of large size and its supporting span is long, destruction owing to load, impact or oscillation and others can be effectively restricted, and it is possible to remarkably improve the endurance strength. Moreover, since wood-based materials may be employed, it is possible to contribute to improvements in the endurance strength of the entire architectural structure in that increases in weight can be held down and in that reductions in the burden applied to columns and others can be achieved.  
      In the present example, the base portions  3  comprising the floor portion  6  comprise, at the same time, the ceiling portion of the ground floor portion. At this time, since the bent architectural members  2  are connected in a grid-like manner in the base portion  3 , the ceiling portion can be finished so as to have a coffered-ceiling-like pattern and thus leads to improvements in the appearance as well.  
      The retention frame material  10  for retaining the shape of the base portions  3  is, as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , a sub-frame in which bar member  10 A are connected in a grid-like manner along the bent architectural members  2 , and by fixing the horizontal frame portions  11  on an opposite side than the joint portions P (in this example, the upper surface), the shapes of the base portions  3  are retained. In this respect, while the present example is arranged in that the floor wood sheathings  8 A and the floor materials  9 A are sequentially attached onto the retention frame materials  10 , it is alternatively possible to directly connect the base portions  3  and the floor wood sheathings  8 A without interposing the retention frame materials  10 .  
      In this respect, another embodiment of the bent architectural member  2  is illustrated in FIGS.  6 (A) and (B). This bent architectural member  2  is arranged in a ring-like manner in which both ends of upper and lower horizontal frame portions  11 U,  11 L continue into each other at the longitudinal frame portions  13  through the arc-like portions  12 . In this respect,  FIG. 6 (A) illustrates a case in which respective longitudinal frame portions  13  are sequentially connected with filler materials  15  interposed between while  FIG. 6 (B) illustrates a case in which respective longitudinal frame portions  13  are directly connected. In case of such a ring-like arrangement, it will also be possible to mount ceiling plates  17  to the lower horizontal frame portions  11 L so as to hide the base portions  3 .  
      The roof portion  7  will now be explained. The roof portion  7  is formed, as illustrated in  FIGS. 8 and 9 , in that roof covering materials  9 B are attached onto an upper surface of the upper architectural frameworks  4 U that are supported by the frame with roof wood sheathings  8 B being interposed therebetween. Similarly to the lower architectural frameworks  4 L, the upper architectural frameworks  4 U include base portions  3  that are retained by the retention frame materials  10 .  
      As for the points that differ from those of the lower architectural frameworks  4 L, the base portions  3  of the upper architectural frameworks  4 U of the present example are arranged in that first bent architectural members  2 A in which the horizontal frame portions  11  are aligned in a straight line are employed similarly to  FIG. 3  in a ridge direction J 1  that is parallel to the ridge A, (illustrated in  FIG. 1 ) while second bent architectural members  2 B in which the horizontal frame portions  11  are deflected in an arc-like shape along the arch-like curve of the roof portion  7  as illustrated in  FIG. 9  are employed in the gable direction J 2  that is orthogonal to the ridge A. It also makes sense that it is possible to employ a structure for the first bent architectural members  2 A in which the horizontal frame portions  11  are deflected such that a center N of the zigzag of the horizontal frame portion connecting line L becomes a straight line as illustrated in  FIG. 7 (C). It is alternatively possible to employ an arrangement for the second bent architectural members  2 B in which the horizontal frame portions  11  are deflected such that a center N of the zigzag of the horizontal frame portion connecting line L faces along the arch-like curve of the roof portion  7  as illustrated in  FIG. 7 (D).  
      By sequentially connecting respective longitudinal frame portions  13  of the first and second bent architectural members  2 A,  2 B by using joint portions P, an arch-like base portion  3  is formed. In this respect, by employing base portions  3  that are of substantially the same structure as the lower architectural frameworks  4 L, the roof portion  7  may also be formed in a horizontal planar shape or an inclined planar shape. In this manner, it will be possible to comprise various roofs such as flat roofs, gabled roofs and rectangular hipped roofs.  
       FIG. 10  illustrates a case, similarly to  FIG. 6 , in which the second bent architectural members  2 B are formed in a ring-like manner. When the base portion  3  is formed of the second bent architectural members  2 B alone, it is, for instance, possible to form the roof portion  7  in a circular dome-like shape as illustrated in  FIG. 11 .  
      The architectural structure  1 B according to the second invention will now be explained by using FIGS.  12  to  31 .  
      In  FIG. 12 , the architectural structure  1 B of the second invention is a rectangular structure in which four surfaces thereof are surrounded by wall body portions  20  for forming outer walls, wherein at least one of planar structures SW composing the wall body portions  20 , in the present example, four planar structures SW, are formed by using planar side architectural frameworks  26 W in which bent architectural members  22 A,  22 B (generally referred to as “bent architectural members  22 ”) are mutually joined as illustrated in  FIG. 13 .  
      The side architectural frameworks  26 W are supported by a frame including, for instance, columnar bodies  40  that are erected along an outer wall and horizontal beam materials  39  that connected between the columnar bodies  40 . The planar structures SW (wall body portions  20 ) are formed by attaching outer wall materials (not shown) or similar either with a wood sheathing being interposed therebetween or directly onto the side architectural frameworks  26 W.  
      Here, each of the bent architectural members  22 A,  22 B comprises, as illustrated in FIGS.  14 ( a ) and ( b ), a linear horizontal frame portion  31   a  and a linear longitudinal frame portion  31   b  that continues from an end portion of the horizontal frame portion  31   a  with an arc-portion  32  having a relatively large radius r being interposed therebetween and that bents from the horizontal frame portion  31   a.  The present example illustrates a case in which the horizontal and longitudinal frame portions  31   a,    31   b  (generally referred to as “frame portions  31 ”) are respectively bent at right angles, that is, the arc-like portion  32  comprises a ¼ arc with a central angle θ being 90° and an outward facing surface  31 S is parallel to a central line C that passes through a bending center of the arc. Among these, the bent architectural member  22 A is of isosceles shape in which the frame portions  31   a,    31   b  are relatively short and of identical size while the bent architectural member  22 B is of L-shaped form in which one frame portion  31   b  is of longer size than that of the other frame portion  31   a.    
      In this respect, the bent architectural member  22  is formed by bending a flat wood-based material having a rectangular section such that its wooden fiber is deflected in a length direction, similar to the bent architectural member  2  employed in the first invention.  
      In the present example, such bent architectural members  22  are employed for forming ring-like bodies  25  (illustrated in  FIG. 13 ), and the outward-facing faces  31 S of the ring-like bodies  25  are mutually joined as facing surfaces S that are faced back-to-back. With this arrangement, the side architectural frameworks  26 W including planar base portions  27  with frame portions  31  continuing into each other are composed. At this time, unlike the first invention, the joint portions P, which is a double surface connecting portion P 2 , at which the facing surfaces S, S are joined will be aligned on the same plane as the base portion  27  without projecting.  
      As particularly illustrated at the rectangular ring-like body  25  on the upper left end of  FIG. 13 , the L-shaped bent architectural members  22 B are disposed at diagonal corners c 1 , c 3 , and the isosceles-shaped bent architecture members  22 A are disposed at the other diagonal corners c 2 , c 4 . With this arrangement, a rectangular ring-like body  25 A 1  with four sides thereof being surrounded by longitudinal and horizontal ring pieces with seams a 1 , a 2 , a 3  and a 4  is formed.  
      In the present example, the ring-like body  25 A 1  further comprises a firm rectangular ring-like body  25 A 1  upon mutually joining the same to a beam material  39  upward thereof, to a columnar body  40  on the left-hand side thereof, to a ring-like body  25 A 2  on the right-hand side thereof, and to a ring-like body  25 B 1  downward thereof. In this respect, there are also cases in which no members such as the columnar bodies and beam materials are employed, and also cases in which they are only joined to peripheral ring-like bodies  25  such as the ring-like body  25 B 2  adjoining the lower ring-like body  25 B 1 .  
      For solidifying the joint between ring-like bodies  25 , one seam a 4  of one ring-like body  25 A 1  is shifted in its position either upward or downward with respect to a seam a 2  of another ring-like body  25 A 2  as illustrated in  FIG. 13  in summarized form at opposing longitudinal ring pieces of adjoining ring-like bodies  25 ,  25 . Seam a 3  and seam a 1  are similarly shifted in position also at opposing horizontal ring pieces of upper and lower ring-like bodies  25 ,  25 . With this arrangement, decoupling owing to overlapping seams a, a or degradations in strength owing to approaching thereof are prevented. It is therefore favorable to remote the seams a, a by approximately ⅕ to ½ of the length of the longitudinal and horizontal ring pieces.  
      In this manner, it is possible to exhibit elastic functions through the arc-like portions  32  in the second invention, similar to the first invention, to sequentially transmit external force acting in an in-plane direction and to disperse the same to adjoining bent architectural members  22  while absorbing the same, and to improve the quake-resistant and vibration-absorbing properties.  
      For joining respective ring pieces of respective ring-like bodies  25  with adjoining members (including ring pieces, beam-materials  39  and columnar bodies  40 ) to form the side architectural frameworks  26 W, the present example employs dovetail joint as illustrated in FIGS.  16  to  18 .  
      In the dovetail joint, from among the respective outward facing surfaces  31 S of the straight-linear frame portions  31   a,    31   b,  surface portions that are in contact with adjoining members are defined to be facing surfaces S. Dovetail grooves  42  extending in longitudinal directions are formed on both of the mutually contacting facing surfaces to face each other (in this respect, the dovetail grooves  42  are omitted in FIGS.  14  and  15 ). The dovetail grooves  42  include expanded width portions  41 , which groove widths increase in approaching the groove bottom (illustrated in  FIG. 18 ).  
      Into such dovetail grooves  42 , usually, dovetail tenons  44  that are smaller than a minimum width of the dovetail grooves  42  and that are divided in a width direction are inserted. The dovetail tenons  44  have a width that bridges over opposing facing surfaces S, S (and that preferably contacts the groove bottoms) and their sectional shape assumes a butterfly shape in which dovetail portions that meet the expanded width portions  41  are provided on both sides.  
      The dovetail tenons  44  are inserted into dovetail grooves  42  of at least either bent architectural member  22  and after matching the other bent architectural member  22 , as illustrated in  FIG. 18 , a placing tool  45  that is inserted from a non-facing plane is used for dividing the dovetail tenon material  44  to expand the same in a width direction. With this arrangement, the dovetail portions are made to closely fit the expanded width portion  41  for joining both of these members. In this respect, the dovetail grooves  42  can be easily formed by using a so-called dovetail groove milling cutter or similar.  
      Further, in such a dovetail joint of the present example, a region y 1  from the top to the upper seam a 4 , a region y 2  from the seam a 4  to the lower seam a 2 , and a region y 3  below the seam a 2  are respectively formed individually as illustrated in FIG.  16 . Moreover, by setting the respective length of the dovetail groove  42  and the dovetail tenon  44  to be identical, relatively positional shift between the bent architectural members  22 A,  22 B in axial directions can be prevented and decoupling through seams can be eliminated to achieve a firm joint. Even though dovetail joint is employed, two bent architectural members  22  can be easily joined without relative movements between these members in axial directions or without inserting a dovetail tenon  24  in axial directions.  
      In the embodiment of  FIGS. 12 and 13 , by sequentially aligning a side architectural framework  26 W, which is formed by aligning a plurality of ring-like bodies  25  between column bodies  40  or similar, with respect to another side architectural framework  26 W at right angles, the architectural structure  1 B having a rectangular outer wall is formed as illustrated in  FIG. 12 . In this respect, in case of the architectural structure  1 B, it is possible to further provide a roof portion according to the first invention or a roof portion of a conventional structure onto the upper beam materials  39 .  
      In this respect, such dovetail joint is not limited to joints between bent architectural members or to joints between such bent architectural members and linear architectural members such as columns or beams, but may be suitably used for joining between facing surfaces of all kinds of architectural members such as between linear architectural members.  
      As the placing tool  45  for the dovetail joint, it is also possible to employ a flat-plate like one that extends in the tenon length direction (illustrated in  FIG. 19 ) besides one of the above-described pin-like body. Further, it is also possible to employ one of screw-like type in which a pin portion  46   b  for pushing and expanding the tenon is provided at a head portion  46   a  of an outer peripheral screw as illustrated in  FIG. 20 , wherein this type is capable of expanding the width of the dovetail tenon  44  through threading and of decomposing through back threading.  
      As illustrated in  FIG. 21 , various joining means employing fixing tools  48  such as bolts and nuts, screws or nails or adhesive and similar can be employed simultaneously with the dovetail joint or instead of the dovetail joint. In this respect, it is preferable to employ such fixing tools  48  for the region y 2  (illustrated in  FIG. 16 ) for reliably preventing positional shifts in the longitudinal direction.  
      In this respect, it is possible to employ, instead of the bent architectural members  22 A,  22 B, a U-shaped bent architectural member  22 C in which linear horizontal frame portions  31   a,    31   a  of short length are provided on both sides of the linear longitudinal frame portion  31   b  via arc-like portions  32 ,  32  as illustrated in  FIG. 14 ( c ), and by combining two of these, it is possible to form the rectangular ring-like body  25 .  
      Another embodiment of the side architectural framework  26 W (wall body portion  20 ) is illustrated in FIGS.  22  to  24 .  
      In  FIG. 22 ( a ) and  FIG. 23 , by joining the rectangular ring-like bodies  25 , a side architectural framework  26 W having an arc-like surface as illustrated in  FIG. 22 ( a ) is formed, and by connecting such architectural frameworks  26 W, the architectural structure  1 Ba having a circular cage-like outer wall as illustrated in  FIG. 24  is formed. By employing the same in a partial manner, it is possible to form a corner portion of a parallelepiped architectural structure  1 B of  FIG. 12  to be of arc-like shape.  
      For forming such architectural frameworks  26 W with arc-like surfaces, bent architectural members  22 D with only frame portions  31   a  located at upper sides and lower sides being deflected in an arc-like manner of a radius of R as illustrated, for instance, in  FIG. 15 ( a ) to comprise the ring-like bodies  25 .  
       FIG. 22 ( b ) further illustrates an architectural framework  26 W that is deflexed in a polygonal manner along the arc-like surface. As illustrated in  FIG. 15 ( b ), this architectural framework  26 W can be formed by employing bent architectural members  22 E of which only horizontal frame portions  31   a  located at upper sides and lower sides are twisted at angle a within a horizontal plane with respect to the longitudinal frame portion  31   b  that becomes orthogonal thereto. The architectural framework  26 W of  FIG. 22 ( b ) can also be formed through another method in which bent architectural members  22 A,  22 B or  22 C are employed while an interposing member  47  having a tapered slope as illustrated in  FIG. 15 ( c ) is interposed between the longitudinal frameworks  31   b.  In this respect, the interposing members  47  can be short-sized to be provided only at joint regions.  
       FIG. 25  illustrates an embodiment in which the architectural framework  26 W gradually inclines either inward or outward in approaching the top. In such a case, bent architectural members  22 G, in which outward facing surface  31 S is inclined at an angle β with respect to a central line C extending through a flexural center of the arc-like portion  32 , are employed at the horizontal frame portions  31   a  that are located, for instance, at the upper sides and lower sides as illustrated in  FIG. 15 ( d ). In this respect, by interposing the interposing members  47  between the horizontal frame portions  31   a  as illustrated in  FIG. 26  in addition to employing the bent architectural members  22 A,  22 B or  22 C, it is similarly possible to comprise a hog-backed architectural structure or the arch-like roof portion  7  in which the architectural frameworks  26 W are inwardly inclined in approaching the top.  
       FIG. 27  illustrates apart of the architectural framework  26 W of a regular dodecahedron body as illustrated in  FIG. 28  expanded in a planar form. In this respect, the arc-like portion  25  is omitted herein for sake of convenience. In such a a case, a bent architectural member  22 H having a conical outer surface in which long and short frame portions  31   a,    31   b  are provided through the arc-like portions  32  with an interior angle θ of 108° as illustrated in  FIG. 15 ( e ), and respective outward facing surfaces  31 S of the frame portions  31   a,    31   b  are inclined at angle β with respect to a central line C extending through a flexural center of the arc-like portions  32  is employed. By combining these members, the ring-like body  25  having a regular pentagonal shape as illustrated in  FIG. 27  is formed, and the ring-like bodies  25  are mutually joined with each other. With this arrangement, it is possible to comprise an architectural structure  1 Bb comprised of a single architectural framework  26  of regular dodecahedron shape in which the outer walls and the roof are integral with each other.  
      In this respect, it is possible to comprise the same while interposing the interposing members  47 , and by further using bent architectural members  22 I having a trapezoid section with one wide width surface being inclined in a section as illustrated in  FIG. 15 ( f ), it is possible to comprise a ring-like body  25  in which all outward facing surfaces  31 S are inclined with respect to the central line C.  
      By further employing bent architectural members  22  of various shapes such as a bent architectural member  22 J having not less than three arc-like portions  32  or which angle θ, α, or β is changed as illustrated in  FIG. 15 ( g ), it is possible to comprise architectural structures  1 Bc to  1 Be that are formed of architectural frameworks  26 W of various spatial shapes such as one octahedral shape with an obliquely cut head (upper half) as illustrated in  FIG. 29 , a delta icosahedral body as illustrated in  FIG. 30 , a cuboctahedral shape (half) as illustrated in  FIG. 31 , or spherical shell-like such as a circular, an elliptic or a fan-like shape.  
      In the polygonal shapes of FIGS.  27  to  31 , it is possible to separate respective surfaces into a plurality of surface portions and to form the surface portions of triangular or rectangular ring-like bodies employing architectural members  22 . In such a case, the respective surfaces will be formed of architectural frameworks  26 W in which ring-like bodies, which correspond to the separated surface portions, are joined.  
      While particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention have been explained in details so far, the architectural structure according to the present invention is not limited to large space structures alone, but the present invention may be embodied upon various modifications such as forming the structure as normal houses and similar.  
      As described above, the present invention enables it to form surface structures such as roofs, ceilings, floors and walls of large size while holding down increases in weight. Moreover, the surface structure is capable of dispersing and absorbing stress through its elastic function when load is acting thereon, and also when the surface structure is of large size and the supporting span is long, it is possible to hold down deformation or impact with respect to load in the out-of-plane direction or in-plane direction to prevent breaking and damages and to improve the endurance strength.  
      When the architectural frameworks are to be exposed as ceilings or similar, it is possible to achieve geometric beauty of figuration and patterns like a coffered ceiling, and when the architectural frameworks are used as outer walls, it is possible to form the architectural structure of free dimensional shape so as to largely contribute to improvements in the performance of external appearance.  
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY  
      As explained so far, the present invention is capable of forming surface structures that are favorably used as roofs, ceilings, floors or walls of large size while holding down increases in weight, and it will also be possible to apply elastic functions to the surface structures for absorbing excess load through elastic deformation thereof, and the quake-resistant and oscillation-absorbing properties of architectural structures can accordingly be improved.