Patent Publication Number: US-2023157901-A1

Title: Taped and pant diapers comprising substantially identical chassis

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/560,254, filed on Sep. 4, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/953,471, filed Nov. 30, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,441,476, granted Oct. 15, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/372,940, filed Feb. 14, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,226,861, granted Jan. 5, 2016, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/371,919, filed on Feb. 13, 2012, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/074,058, filed on Mar. 29, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/322,359, filed on Apr. 9, 2010, the substances of each of these are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present disclosure relates to converting lines for manufacturing disposable taped and pant absorbent articles. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Disposable, reusable and durable products such as diapers, adult incontinence articles, feminine hygiene tampons, sanitary napkins, underpants, shirts, shorts, swimsuits, gowns, pants, coats, gloves, scarves, surgical drapes, bibs, blankets, sheets, pillow cases, etc. may be manufactured on high speed converting lines. Such converting lines may utilize a web-based carrier to which many source materials, whether in a continuous web or discrete pieces, are processed and/or attached to the web to create a finished product. 
     Although a converting line may allow for high speed production of a specific type of absorbent article, some converting lines may be inflexible in that line changes that would be required to accommodate the production of different types of products would be so time consuming and/or expensive as to be economically impractical. For instance, some converting lines are custom designed and built to make specific products within a narrow range of parameters and operating conditions. For example, converting lines may be custom designed to make only taped diapers, whereas other converting lines may be custom designed to make only pant diapers. Thus, such custom converting lines may be used to produce particular types of diapers, e.g. taped or pant, in certain markets in an effort to provide a good match with business needs. However, the inflexibility of such converting lines to produce more than one type of product can place unwanted limitations on a manufacturer&#39;s ability to provide multiple product offerings in some markets. 
     In markets having consumer demand for both taped diapers and pant diapers, a manufacturer may be required to have separate converting lines, each custom designed to produce one of the two products. However, consumer demand of one or both of the products may not be high enough to justify the manufacturer&#39;s cost of having separate converting lines dedicated to each of the product types. For example, if the demand for pant diapers in a particular market is not high enough to justify the cost of a converting line that produces only pant diapers, the manufacture may decide not to offer pant diapers in the market. In such markets, the flexibility to produce both products on the same converting line and therefore produce the proper mix of product to meet the market needs may provide the most efficient and cost effective approach. 
     In some markets, disposable taped diapers are used for infants from birth to a point when infants begin potty training. As an alternative to taped diapers, disposable pant diapers may be desirable and useful products for children in the potty training stage. In yet other instances, the use of pant diapers may start at an earlier age than ages typically associated with potty training, and therefore, pant diapers may be used more like a taped diaper than a training pant. One difference between taped diapers and pant diapers is how the two products are delivered from the manufacturer to the consumer, i.e. packaged. In particular, both taped diapers and pant diapers can generally include an absorbent chassis having a liquid impervious outer cover, a liquid pervious body-side liner, and an absorbent structure. However, a taped diaper may not have a closed initial waist opening circumference or leg openings prior to being removed from the package, whereas the absorbent chassis and/or the side panels (when present) of a pant diaper may be pre-closed to form an initial waist opening circumference and two leg openings. Since the percentage of users that prefer taped diapers versus a pant style, pull-on, diaper varies market to market it may be advantageous for a manufacturer to have the flexibility to produce both a taped diaper and a pant, pull-on, diaper on the same converting line in any desired ratio to meet the needs to the intended market. 
     Some attempts have been made to create converting lines that are capable of producing more than one type of diaper, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0213678A1. 
     However, such converting lines represent a mere conglomeration or assembly of different converting lines designed to build specific types of diapers. These converting lines may utilize a relatively low number of the same processes and machinery when producing different types of diapers. Thus, a relatively large number of different processes and machinery in such converting lines are either turned-on or turned-off depending on what type of diaper is being produced. As such, a converting line that includes a relatively large number of processes that may not be used when producing different types of diapers may result in large capital costs, require large amounts of space and require additional maintenance. 
     Thus, there remains a need to develop a converting line that is capable of producing different types of diapers while at the same time utilizing a substantial number of the same processes and machinery to produce either the range of diaper types resulting in greater efficiency and lower overall cost. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a partially cut away plan view of a taped diaper with the portion of the diaper that faces away from a wearer oriented towards the viewer. 
         FIG.  1 A  is plan view of the taped diaper of  FIG.  1    with the portion of the diaper that faces away toward a wearer oriented towards the viewer. 
         FIG.  2    is a partially cut away plan view of a pant diaper with a pair of side panels. 
         FIG.  3    is a partially cut away plan view a pant diaper with front and rear side ear panels. 
         FIG.  4    is a perspective of the taped diaper shown in  FIG.  1    in a folded configuration. 
         FIG.  5    is a perspective view the pant diaper shown in  FIG.  2    with side panels connecting opposing waist regions. 
         FIG.  6    is a perspective view the pant diaper shown in  FIG.  3    with side seams connecting the ear panels and opposing waist regions. 
         FIG.  7    is a perspective view of a pant diaper with side panels tucked into the interior of a chassis. 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic side view of a converting apparatus in a first, taped diaper, configuration adapted to manufacture taped diapers. 
         FIG.  8 A  is a partial detailed view of  FIG.  8    showing transformations of particular processes. 
         FIG.  8 B  is a partial detailed view of  FIG.  8    showing transformations of particular processes. 
         FIG.  8 C  is an example flow diagram showing various transformations that may be used to construct a taped diaper as well as a pant diaper. 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic side view of a converting apparatus in a second, pant diaper, configuration adapted to manufacture pant diapers. 
         FIG.  10    is a schematic side view of a converting apparatus in a third, pant diaper, configuration adapted to manufacture pant diapers with side seams. 
         FIG.  11    is a perspective view of a side panel connection apparatus. 
         FIG.  12    shows a cross-sectional view of a side panel tucking apparatus and pant diaper. 
         FIG.  13    shows a cross-sectional view of the apparatus and a pant diaper of  FIG.  12    with the side panels being tucked. 
         FIG.  14    shows a cross-sectional view of a tucking apparatus utilizing rotating tucker blades and pant diaper of  FIG.  13    taken along line  14 - 14 . 
         FIG.  15    show a cross-sectional view of a tucking apparatus utilizing air jets and diaper pant of  FIG.  13    taken along line  14 - 14 . 
         FIG.  16    is a top plan view of a nonwoven specimen for an inner cuff. 
         FIG.  17 A  is the nonwoven specimen of  FIG.  16    including a glue pattern. 
         FIG.  17 B  is the nonwoven specimen of  FIG.  17 A  including elastic strands. 
         FIG.  18    is a cross-sectional view of an inner cuff with a continuous hem bond. 
         FIG.  19    is a top plan view of a nonwoven specimen for an outer cuff. 
         FIG.  20 A  is the nonwoven specimen of  FIG.  19    including a glue pattern. 
         FIG.  20 B  is the nonwoven specimen of  FIG.  20 A  including elastic strands. 
         FIG.  21    is a top plan view of a backsheet film specimen for an outer cuff. 
         FIG.  22    is an isometric view of an outer cuff specimen. 
         FIG.  23    is a dimensioned view of hook-shaped fixtures used in the waist stretch test (pants) method. 
         FIG.  24    is a view of the hook-shaped fixtures used in the waist stretch test (pants) method aligned in the same plane. 
         FIG.  25    is a plan view of an exemplary absorbent article laid out flat, suitable in one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  25 A  is a schematic cross section view of a back belt-like flap suitable in one embodiment of the invention, taken along  25 A- 25 A of  FIG.  25   . 
         FIG.  25 B  is a schematic cross section view of a front belt-like flap suitable in one embodiment of the invention, taken along  25 B- 25 B of  FIG.  25   . 
         FIG.  26    is a schematic cross section view of an exemplary absorbent article, suitable in one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  27    is a schematic cross section view of an exemplary absorbent article, suitable in one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  28    is a schematic cross section view of an exemplary absorbent article, suitable in one embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The following term explanations may be useful in understanding the present disclosure: 
     “Absorbent article” is used herein to refer to consumer products whose primary function is to absorb and retain soils and wastes. “Diaper” is used herein to refer to an absorbent article generally worn by infants and incontinent persons about the lower torso. The term “disposable” is used herein to describe absorbent articles which generally are not intended to be laundered or otherwise restored or reused as an absorbent article (e.g., they are intended to be discarded after a single use and may also be configured to be recycled, composted or otherwise disposed of in an environmentally compatible manner). 
     The term “disposed” is used herein to mean that an element(s) is formed (joined and positioned) in a particular place or position as a macro-unitary structure with other elements or as a separate element joined to another element. 
     As used herein, the term “joined” encompasses configurations whereby an element is directly secured to another element by affixing the element directly to the other element, and configurations whereby an element is indirectly secured to another element by affixing the element to intermediate member(s) which in turn are affixed to the other element. 
     The term “substrate” is used herein to describe a material which is primarily two-dimensional (i.e. in an XY plane) and whose thickness (in a Z direction) is relatively small (i.e. 1/10 or less) in comparison to its length (in an X direction) and width (in a Y direction). Non-limiting examples of substrates include a web, layer or layers or fibrous materials, nonwovens, films and foils such as polymeric films or metallic foils. These materials may be used alone or may comprise two or more layers laminated together. As such, a web is a substrate. 
     The term “nonwoven” refers herein to a material made from continuous (long) filaments (fibers) and/or discontinuous (short) filaments (fibers) by processes such as spunbonding, meltblowing, carding, and the like. Nonwovens do not have a woven or knitted filament pattern. The term “machine direction” (MD) is used herein to refer to the primary direction of material flow through a process. In various manufacturing and converting processes, such as a bi-fold process, it may be possible to have more than one machine direction when an article is undergoing simultaneous processes. In other words, a manufacturing line may have an overall machine direction, but an article may travel in directions other than the overall machine direction as it passes through various processes along the manufacturing line. For example, an article having a trailing end portion and a leading end portion, each portion being attached to the surface of a different roll and/or conveyor, may travel in two different directions simultaneously. In this example, both directions of travel may be considered the machine direction. The term “cross direction” (CD) is used herein to refer to a direction that is generally perpendicular to the machine direction. 
     The term “transformation” refers herein to a change or activity resulting in a change in a web, layer, article, plurality of articles, material or portions thereof with regard to the thickness, length, width, shape, relative position, texture, color, tackiness, etc. Transformations are: fiberization, core component mixing, core formation/deposition, slitting, cutting, notching, shaping, perforation, die cutting, trimming, thermal bonding, ultrasonic bonding, pressure bonding, radio frequency bonding, seaming, adhesive application, cohesive application, lotion application, folding, bi-folding, tucking, spacing, MD positioning, CD positioning, registration, activation, compression, nipping, calendaring, substrate combining, component combining, web combining, elastic tensioning, fastening element pre-fastening, product stacking, and packaging. 
     The term “transformation mechanism” refers herein to an apparatus adapted to produce a transformation. 
     The term “taped diaper” (also referred to as “open diaper”) refers to disposable absorbent articles having an initial front waist region and an initial back waist region that are not fastened, pre-fastened, or connected to each other as packaged, prior to being applied to the wearer. A taped diaper may be folded about the lateral centerline with the interior of one waist region in surface to surface contact with the interior of the opposing waist region without fastening or joining the waist regions together. Example taped diapers are disclosed in various suitable configurations are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,167,897, 5,360,420, 5,599,335, 5,643,588, 5,674,216, 5,702,551, 5,968,025, 6,107,537, 6,118,041, 6,153,209, 6,410,129, 6,426,444, 6,586,652, 6,627,787, 6,617,016, 6,825,393, and 6,861,571. 
     The term “pant” (also referred to as “training pant”, “pre-closed diaper”, “diaper-pant”, and “pull-on diaper”) refers herein to disposable absorbent articles having a continuous perimeter waist opening and continuous perimeter leg openings designed for infant or adult wearers. A pant can be configured with a continuous or closed waist opening and at least one continuous, closed, leg opening prior to the article being applied to the wearer. A pant can be preformed by various techniques including, but not limited to, joining together portions of the article using any refastenable and/or permanent closure member (e.g., seams, heat bonds, pressure welds, adhesives, cohesive bonds, mechanical fasteners, etc.). A pant can be preformed anywhere along the circumference of the article in the waist region (e.g., side fastened or seamed, front waist fastened or seamed, rear waist fastened or seamed). Example diaper pants in various configurations are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,246,433; 5,569,234; 6,120,487; 6,120,489; 4,940,464; 5,092,861; 5,897,545; 5,957,908; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0233082. 
     The term “initial waist opening circumference” refers herein to the circumference of the waist opening at the time the pant is placed in the package and subsequently when it is removed from the package by the consumer. 
     The present disclosure relates to converting lines for manufacturing absorbent articles, and in particular, converting lines that are reconfigurable to produce both taped diapers and pant diapers. As discussed in more detail below, an absorbent article converting line may include a combination of converting mechanisms that advance substrates and component materials through a manufacturing process. While advancing in the machine direction MD through the converting line, substrates may be modified and/or combined with the other substrates and/or discrete components to create a continuous length of absorbent articles. Various substrates can be used to construct various components of the absorbent articles, such as backsheets, topsheets, and absorbent cores. Exemplary descriptions of absorbent article components with respect to both taped diapers and pant diapers are provided below. At a downstream portion of the converting process, the continuous length of absorbent articles may be subjected to a final knife and cut to create separate and discrete absorbent articles. In addition, defective articles may be removed from the process by a rejection system. Articles that are not deemed to be defective may be subject to further processing steps, such as folding and packaging. 
     Aspects of the apparatuses and methods according to the present disclosure relate to a converting apparatus for the fabrication of absorbent articles and adapted to operate in a first configuration and a second configuration. As discussed in more detail below, the converting apparatus includes transformation mechanisms adapted to produce a series of transformations. In the first configuration, a first plurality of the transformation mechanisms are arranged to produce a plurality of taped diapers, wherein the first plurality of the transformation mechanisms produce a first number of transformations. In the second configuration, a second plurality of the transformation mechanisms are arranged to produce a plurality of pant diapers, wherein the second plurality of the transformation mechanisms produce a second number of transformations. The converting apparatus is configured with relatively high flexibility in changing between the first and second configurations, because greater than 70% of the second number of transformations are the same as the first number of transformations resulting in greater efficiency and equipment utilization. 
     In another form, the first configuration may include a first plurality of transformation mechanisms adapted to produce a first number of transformations, wherein the first number of transformations may be carried out in a first sequence advancing from a first transformation to a last transformation. In addition, the second configuration may include a second plurality of the transformation mechanisms adapted to produce a second number of transformations. The second number of transformations may be carried out in a second sequence advancing from a first transformation to a last transformation. Again, the converting apparatus is configured with relatively high flexibility in changing between the first and second configurations, because 70% of the second number of transformations is carried out in an identical order as the first number of transformations with respect to one or more of preceding transformations in the first number of transformations. 
     The following provides a general description of various types of taped diapers and pant diapers that may be produced with the methods and apparatuses disclosed herein to help provide additional context to the subsequent discussion of the reconfigurable converting lines. For example,  FIG.  1    shows one example of a plan view of a taped diaper  100 T, with the portion of the diaper that faces away from a wearer oriented towards the viewer. And  FIG.  1 A  shows a plan view of the taped diaper  100 T with the portion of the diaper that faces toward a wearer oriented towards the viewer. The taped diaper  100 T shown in  FIGS.  1  and  1 A  includes a chassis  102 , first and second back ears  104  and  106 ; and first and second front ears  108  and  110 .  FIG.  2    shows a diaper pant  100 P in a flat, unfolded condition, with the portion of the diaper that faces away from a wearer oriented towards the viewer. The pant diaper  100 P shown in  FIG.  2    also includes a chassis  102  and opposing first and second side panels  112  and  114  (the first and second side panels may also be referred to as first and second back ears).  FIG.  3    shows a diaper pant  100 P and chassis  102  in a flat, unfolded condition, with the portion of the diaper that faces away from a wearer oriented towards the viewer. However, the diaper pant  100 P of  FIG.  3    includes first and second rear ear panels  112   b  and  114   b , and first and second front ear panels  112   a  and  114   a.    
     Although pant and taped diapers may have distinct different features and components, it is to be appreciated that taped and pant diapers may include many features and components that are substantially the same or similar with regard to disposition, structure, dimension, physical appearance, etc. For the purposes of a specific illustration, various common components of taped and pant diapers shown in  FIGS.  1 - 6    are described below before discussing different features and/or components between the taped and pant diapers. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  1 - 3   , the diapers  100 T and  100 P are shown as having a first waist region  116 , a second waist region  118 , and a crotch region  120  disposed intermediate the first and second waist regions. The first waist region  116  may be configured as a front waist region, and the second waist region  118  may be configured as back waist region. In some embodiments, the length of each of the front waist region, back waist region, and crotch region may be ⅓ of the length of the absorbent article  100 P and  100 T. The absorbent articles  100 P and  100 T may each include a laterally extending front waist edge  121  in the front waist region  116  and a longitudinally opposing and laterally extending back waist edge  122  in the back waist region  118 . To provide a frame of reference for the present discussion, the diapers  100 T and  100 P in  FIGS.  1 - 3    are shown with a longitudinal axis  124  and a lateral axis  126 . The longitudinal axis  124  may extend through a midpoint of the front waist edge  121  and through a midpoint of the back waist edge  122 . And the lateral axis  126  may extend through a midpoint of a first longitudinal or right side edge  128  and through a midpoint of a second longitudinal or left side edge  130 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  1 - 3   , the diapers  100 T and  100 P each include an inner, body facing surface  132 , and an outer, garment facing surface  134 . The chassis  102  may include a backsheet  136  and a topsheet  138 . An absorbent assembly  140  including an absorbent core  142  may be disposed between a portion of the topsheet  138  and the backsheet  136 . As discussed in more detail below, the diapers  100 T and  100 P may also include other features, such as leg elastics, an elastic waist region, and/or flaps, e.g. side panels and/or ears, to enhance the fits around the legs and waist of the wearer. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS.  1 - 3   , the periphery of the chassis  102  may be defined by the first longitudinal side edge  128 , a second longitudinal side edge  130 ; a first laterally extending end edge  144  disposed in the first waist region  116 ; and a second laterally extending end edge  146  disposed in the second waist region  118 . Both side edges  128  and  130  extend longitudinally between the front waist edge  121  and the back waist edge  122 . The laterally extending end edges  144  and  146  of the chassis may form a portion of the laterally extending front waist edge  121  in the front waist region  116  and a portion of the longitudinally opposing and laterally extending back waist edge  122  in the back waist region  118 . When either the taped diaper  100 T or the pant diaper  100 P is worn on the lower torso of a wearer, the front waist edge  121  and the back waist edge  122  of the chassis  102  may encircle a portion of the waist of the wearer. At the same time, the chassis side edges  128  and  130  may encircle at least a portion of the legs of the wearer. And the crotch region  120  may be generally positioned between the legs of the wearer with the absorbent core  142  extending from the front waist region  116  through the crotch region  120  to the back waist region  118 . 
     It is to also be appreciated that a portion or the whole of the diapers  100 T and  100 P may also be made laterally extensible. The additional extensibility may help allow the diapers  100 T and  100 P to conform to the body of a wearer during movement by the wearer. The additional extensibility may also help, for example, allow the user of the diaper  100 T and  100 P including a chassis  102  having a particular size before extension to extend the front waist region  116 , the back waist region  118 , or both waist regions of the diaper  100 T and  100 P and/or chassis  102  to provide additional body coverage for wearers of differing size, i.e. to tailor the diaper to an individual wearer. Such extension of the waist region or regions may give the absorbent article a generally hourglass shape, so long as the crotch region is extended to a relatively lesser degree than the waist region or regions, and may impart a tailored appearance to the article when it is worn. 
     As previously mentioned, the taped and pant diapers  100 T and  100 P may include a backsheet  136 . The backsheet  136  may also define the outer surface  134  of the chassis  102 . The backsheet  136  may be impervious to fluids (e.g., menses, urine, and/or runny feces) and may be manufactured from a thin plastic film, although other flexible liquid impervious materials may also be used. The backsheet  136  may prevent the exudates absorbed and contained in the absorbent core from wetting articles which contact the diaper  100 T and  100 P, such as bedsheets, pajamas and undergarments. The backsheet  136  may also comprise a woven or nonwoven material, polymeric films such as thermoplastic films of polyethylene or polypropylene, and/or a multi-layer or composite materials comprising a film and a nonwoven material (e.g., having an inner film layer and an outer nonwoven layer). The backsheet may also comprise an elastomeric film. An example backsheet  140  may be a polyethylene film having a thickness of from about 0.012 mm (0.5 mils) to about 0.051 mm (2.0 mils). Exemplary polyethylene films are manufactured by Clopay Corporation of Cincinnati, Ohio, under the designation BR-120 and BR-121 and by Tredegar Film Products of Terre Haute, Ind., under the designation XP-39385. The backsheet  136  may also be embossed and/or matte-finished to provide a more clothlike appearance. Further, the backsheet  136  may permit vapors to escape from the absorbent core (i.e. the backsheet is breathable) while still preventing exudates from passing through the backsheet  136 . The size of the backsheet  136  may be dictated by the size of the absorbent core  142  and/or particular configuration or size of the diaper  100 T and  100 P. 
     Also described above, the taped and pant diapers  100 T and  100 P may include a topsheet  138 . The topsheet  138  may also define all or part of the inner surface  132  of the chassis  102 . The topsheet  138  may be compliant, soft feeling, and non-irritating to the wearer&#39;s skin. It may be elastically stretchable in one or two directions. Further, the topsheet  138  may be liquid pervious, permitting liquids (e.g., menses, urine, and/or runny feces) to penetrate through its thickness. A suitable topsheet  138  may be manufactured from a wide range of materials such as woven and nonwoven materials; apertured or hydroformed thermoplastic films; apertured nonwovens, porous foams; reticulated foams; reticulated thermoplastic films; and thermoplastic scrims. Suitable woven and nonwoven materials may comprise natural fibers such as wood or cotton fibers; synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene, or polyethylene fibers; or combinations thereof. If the topsheet  138  includes fibers, the fibers may be spunbond, carded, wet-laid, meltblown, hydroentangled, or otherwise processed as is known in the art. 
     Topsheets  138  may be selected from high loft nonwoven topsheets, apertured film topsheets and apertured nonwoven topsheets. Apertured film topsheets may be pervious to bodily exudates, yet non-absorbent, and have a reduced tendency to allow fluids to pass back through and rewet the wearer&#39;s skin. Example apertured films may include those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,628,097; 5,916,661; 6,545,197; and 6,107,539. 
     As mentioned above, the taped and pant diapers  100 P and  100 T may also include an absorbent assembly  140  that is joined to the chassis  102 . As shown in  FIGS.  1 - 3   , the absorbent assembly  140  may have a laterally extending front edge  148  in the front waist region  116  and may have a longitudinally opposing and laterally extending back edge  150  in the back waist region  118 . The absorbent assembly may have a longitudinally extending right side edge  152  and may have a laterally opposing and longitudinally extending left side edge  154 , both absorbent assembly side edges  152  and  154  may extend longitudinally between the front edge  148  and the back edge  150 . The absorbent assembly  140  may additionally include one or more absorbent cores  142  or absorbent core layers. The absorbent core  142  may be at least partially disposed between the topsheet  138  and the backsheet  136  and may be formed in various sizes and shapes that are compatible with the diaper  100 T, and  100 P. Exemplary absorbent structures for use as the absorbent core of the present disclosure are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,610,678; 4,673,402; 4,888,231; and 4,834,735. 
     Some absorbent core embodiments may comprise fluid storage cores that contain reduced amounts of cellulosic airfelt material. For instance, such cores may comprise less than about 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or even 1% of cellulosic airfelt material. Such a core may comprises primarily absorbent gelling material (AGM) in amounts of at least about 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or even about 100%, where the remainder of the core comprises a microfiber glue (if applicable). Such cores, microfiber glues, and absorbent gelling materials are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,599,335; 5,562,646; 5,669,894; and 6,790,798 as well as U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2004/0158212 and 2004/0097895. 
     As previously mentioned, the taped diapers  100 T and pant diapers  100 P may also include elasticized leg cuffs  156  and an elasticized waistband  158 . It is to be appreciated that the leg cuffs  156  can be and are sometimes also referred to as leg bands, side flaps, barrier cuffs, elastic cuffs or gasketing cuffs. The elasticized leg cuffs  156  may be configured in various ways to help reduce the leakage of body exudates in the leg regions. Example leg cuffs  156  may include those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,860,003; 4,909,803; 4,695,278; 4,795,454; 4,704,115; 4,909,803; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0312730A1. 
     The elasticized waistband  158  may provide improved fit and containment and may be that portion or zone of the diaper  100 T and  100 P that may elastically expand and contract to dynamically fit a wearer&#39;s waist. The elasticized waistband  158  may extend longitudinally inwardly from the waist edges  120 ,  122  of the diaper toward the lateral edges  148 ,  150  of the absorbent core  142 . The diaper  100 T and  100 P may also include two elasticized waistbands  158 , one positioned in the back waist region  118  and one positioned in the front wait region  116 , although other embodiments may be constructed with a single elasticized waistband  158 . The elasticized waistband  158  may be constructed in a number of different configurations including those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,515,595 and 5,151,092. 
     The elasticized waistbands  158  may include materials that have been “prestrained” or “mechanically prestrained” (i.e. subjected to some degree of localized pattern mechanical stretching to permanently elongate the material). The materials may be prestrained using deep embossing techniques as are known in the art. In some embodiments, the materials may be prestrained by directing the material through an incremental mechanical stretching system as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,330,458. The materials are then allowed to return to their substantially untensioned condition, thus forming a zero strain stretch material that is extensible, at least up to the point of initial stretching. Examples of zero strain materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,075,189; 3,025,199; 4,107,364; 4,209,563; 4,834,741; and 5,151,092. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  1 - 3   , the chassis  102  may have longitudinally extending and laterally opposing side flaps  160  that are disposed on the interior surface  132  of the chassis  102  that faces inwardly toward the wearer and contacts the wearer. Each side flap may have a proximal edge. The side flaps may also overlap the absorbent assembly  140 , i.e. the proximal edges extend laterally inward of the respective side edges of the absorbent assembly  152  and  154 . In some configurations, the side flaps may not overlap the absorbent assembly. It is to be appreciated that the side flaps may be formed in various ways, such as for example, by folding portions of the chassis  102  laterally inward, i.e. toward the longitudinal axis  124 , to form both the respective side flaps and the side edges  128  and  130  of the chassis  102 . In another example, the side flaps may be formed by attaching an additional layer or layers to the chassis at or adjacent to each of the respective side edges and of the chassis. Each of the side flaps may be joined to the interior surface  132  of the chassis and/or the absorbent assembly in side flap attachment zones in the front waist region  116  and in side flap attachment zones in the back waist region  118 . The side flaps may extend to the same longitudinal extent as the absorbent article or alternatively the side flaps may have a longitudinal extent that is less than the absorbent article. 
     As previously mentioned, pant and taped diapers may have distinct different features and/or components. And the following provides a general discussion of some such features and components with reference to accompanying figures showing embodiments of taped and pant diapers. 
     Taped diapers may be manufactured and provided to consumers in a configuration wherein the front waist region and the back waist region are not fastened, pre-fastened, or connected to each other as packaged, prior to being applied to the wearer. As shown in  FIG.  4   , for example, the taped diaper  100 T may be folded about a lateral centerline with the interior surface  132  of the first waist region  116  in surface to surface contact with the interior surface  132  of the second waist region  118  without fastening or joining the waist regions together. The back ears  104  and  106  and/or the front ears  108  and  110  when present may also be folded laterally inward toward the inner surfaces  132  of the waist regions  116  and  118 . 
     The taped diaper  100 T may include various configurations of fastening elements to enable fastening of the front waist region  116  and the back waist region  118  together to form a closed waist circumference and leg openings once the diaper is positioned on a wearer. For example, as shown in  FIG.  1 A , the taped diaper  100 T may include first and second back ears  104  and  106  and first and second front ears  108  and  110 , wherein the first and second back ears  104  and  106  are configured to include fastening components  162  and  164 . Each fastening component  162  and  164  may form a portion of or may be permanently bonded, adhered or otherwise joined directly or indirectly to the chassis  102  laterally inward from the side edge  128  and  130 , in one of the front waist region  116  or the back waist region  118 . Alternatively, the fastening component  162  and  164  may form a portion of or may be permanently bonded, adhered or otherwise joined directly or indirectly to the first and second back ears  104  and  106  at or adjacent the distal edge of the ear and/or the first and second front ears  108  and  110  at or adjacent the distal edge of the ear. The fastening components may also be permanently bonded or joined at or adjacent the side edges  128  and  130  of the absorbent article in various ways, such as for example, by adhesive bonds, sonic bonds, pressure bonds, thermal bonds or combinations thereof. 
     The first fastening component  162  and/or the second fastening component  164  may include various types of releasably engageable fasteners. The first and second fastening components  162  and/or  164  may also include various types of refastenable fastening structures. For example, the first and second fastening components  162  and  164  may include mechanical fasteners,  166 , in the form of hook and loop fasteners, hook and hook fasteners, macrofasteners, buttons, snaps, tab and slot fasteners, tape fasteners, adhesive fasteners, cohesive fasteners, magnetic fasteners, hermaphrodidic fasteners, and the like. Some examples of fastening systems and/or fastening components  162 ,  164  are discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,848,594; 4,662,875; 4,846,815; 4,894,060; 4,946,527; 5,151,092; 5,221,274; 6,251,097; 6,669,618; 6,432,098; and U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2007/0078427 and 2007/0093769. 
     As previously mentioned, the fastening components  162  and  164  may be adapted to releasably and/or refastenably engage or connect with another portion of the diaper  100 T. For example, as shown in  FIG.  1   , the diaper  100 T may include a connection zone  168 , sometimes referred to as a landing zone, in the first waist region  116 . As such, when the taped diaper  100 T is placed on a wearer, the fasteners  162  and  164  are pulled around the waist of the wearer and connected with the connection zone  168  in the first waist region  116  to form a closed waist circumference and a pair of laterally opposing leg openings. It is to be appreciated that the connection zone may be constructed from a separate substrate that is connected with the chassis  102  of the taped diaper. In some embodiments, the connection zone may be integrally formed as part of the backsheet  136  of the diaper  100 T or may be formed as part of the first and second ears in one or both of the waist regions, such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,735,840 and 5,928,212. 
     The taped diaper  100 T may further include a non-engagement zone disposed on the same surface and in the same waist region as the fastening components  166 . The non-engagement zone may be configured to help prevent the fastening component  166  from becoming engaged with other elements of the absorbent article. The non-engagement zone may comprise a film, coating or other material that does not attach to or engage with the fastening component  166 . In certain embodiments the non-engagement zone is in surface to surface contact with the fastening surface of the fastening component when the taped diaper  100 T is packaged. 
     In contrast to taped diapers, pant diapers may be manufactured and provided to consumers in a configuration wherein the front waist region and the back waist region are fastened, pre-fastened, or connected to each other as packaged, prior to being applied to the wearer. As such pant diapers may have a continuous perimeter waist opening and continuous perimeter leg openings designed for infant or adult wearers. As discussed in more detail below, a diaper pant can be preformed by various techniques including, but not limited to, joining together portions of the diaper using refastenable and/or permanent closure members (e.g., seams, heat bonds, pressure welds, adhesives, cohesive bonds, mechanical fasteners, etc.). In addition, pant diapers can be preformed anywhere along the circumference of the waist region (e.g., side fastened or connected, front waist fastened or connected, rear waist fastened or connected). 
     In some embodiments, pant diapers may be configured with side panels connected with the chassis in one or both of the waist regions. For example,  FIGS.  2  and  5    show a pant diaper  100 P including first and second side panels  112  and  114  connected with the rear waist region  118 . The side panels  112  and  114  may be attached at or adjacent the side edges  128  and  130  of the chassis  102 . The side panels  112  and  114  may be substantially rectangular in shape or the side panels may be shaped in such a way as to provide an integral tab for ease of opening and refastening. The side panels may be also be extensible in at least the lateral direction. The side panels may also be elastically extensible in the lateral direction. Furthermore, the side panels may be elastically extensible in both the longitudinal and lateral directions. The side panels may comprise a film, a nonwoven or a combination of film and nonwoven. The side panels may also comprise a plurality of strand-like filaments and a nonwoven. The strand-like elements may also be elastically extensible in at least the lateral direction. 
     As previously mentioned and with reference to  FIGS.  2  and  5   , the first and second side panels  112  and  114  may connect the first waist region  116  with the second waist region  118  of the chassis  102  to form a waist opening  170  and two leg openings  172 . For example, proximal end regions  174  of the first and second side panels  112  and  114  are connected with the rear waist region  118  of the chassis  102  and distal end regions  176  of the first and second side panels  112  and  114  are connected with the front waist region  116  of the chassis to the form the pant diaper  100 P. 
     It is to be appreciated that the either or both the distal and proximal regions of one or both the side panels  114  and  116  may be connected with the chassis in various ways. For example, in some configurations, the side panels are permanently connected with opposing waist regions and cannot be refastened once broken forming the leg and waist openings. Such permanent seams are pre-closed to provide a product that looks like underwear and can be applied like underwear, i.e. pulled-on. Disposable pant diapers with permanent seams may require a separate element for disposal such as a disposal tape disposed on the outer surface of the article. Other disposable pant diapers may have non-permanent seams and may be refastenable allowing the caregiver to open the initial waist opening circumference and leg openings and reclose them to facilitate application similar to a traditional tape style diaper. As such, the proximal regions and/or distal regions of the side panels may be permanently bonded, releasably connected, and/or refastenably connected with the chassis  102 , with for example, adhesives, cohesives, thermal bonding, ultrasonic bonding, mechanical bonding and mechanical fastening e.g. hook and loop type fasteners. For example, one or more fastener elements may be located on or form a portion of the side panels and may be adapted to refastenably connect with one or more corresponding fastening elements located in the first or second waist regions or alternatively the fastener elements may be adapted to refastenably connect with one or more components of the absorbent article including the side panels. The diaper pant  100 P can also include other features such as elastically extensible side panels that may each include one or more pieces of material. It should be appreciated that the side panels may also be formed as continuous extensions of the first and second waist regions of the chassis. 
     The ability to refasten an initially pre-fastened pant diaper may offer convenience to the caregiver. In some instances, it may be more convenient to apply the absorbent article like a traditional tape style diaper when away from home or when it is inconvenient to remove the clothing and/or shoes. Because it is difficult to predict when a change will be necessary and therefore when a particular mode of application will be needed, it is beneficial to have a disposable pant diaper that is adaptable to being applied either as a traditional tape style diaper or as a disposable pant diaper, pull-on. In addition, an absorbent article that can be applied like a traditional tape style diaper or a disposable pant diaper also permits inspection of the interior of the product without having to pull the product down. These refastenable structures may also provide dual functionality enabling the wrapping and disposal of the used product. 
     As previously mentioned, the side panels on pant diapers can be configured in different ways. Although the side panels  112  and  114  shown in  FIGS.  2  and  5    may be of a single unitary piece construction, it is to be appreciated that the side panels may be formed by connecting ear panels together. In some embodiments, pant diapers may be configured with side panels connected with the chassis in both of the waist regions. For example,  FIGS.  3  and  6    show a pant diaper  100 P wherein the first side panel  112  includes a first ear panel  112   a  connected with a second ear panel  112   b , and the second side panel  114  includes a first ear panel  114   a  connected with a second ear panel  114   b . The first ear panels  112   a ,  114   a  each include proximal regions  174   a  connected with the first waist region  116  of the chassis  102 . And second ear panels  112   b ,  114   b  each include proximal regions  174   b  connected with the second waist region  118  of the chassis  102 . A distal region  176   a  of the first ear panel  112   a  and a distal region  176   b  of the second ear panel  112   b  may be connected with each other along a first side seam  178  to form the first side panel  112 . And a distal region  176   a  of the first ear panel  114   a  and a distal region  176   b  of the second ear panel  114   b  may be connected with each other along a second side seam  180  to form the second side panel  114 . 
     It is to be appreciated that the proximal regions of the ear panels of  FIGS.  3  and  6    may be connected with the chassis in various ways, and the distal regions of the ear panels may be connected with each other in various ways. For example, the proximal regions and/or distal regions of the side panels may be permanently bonded, releasably connected, and/or refastenably connected with the chassis and/or each other, with for example, adhesives, cohesives, thermal bonding, ultrasonic bonding, mechanical bonding and mechanical fastening e.g. hook and loop type fasteners. For example, one or more fastener elements may be located on the side panels and may be adapted to refastenably connect with one or more corresponding fastening elements located in the first or second waist regions or alternatively the fastener elements may be adapted to refastenably connect with one or more components of the absorbent article including the side panels. The diaper pants can also include other features such as elastically extensible side panels that may each include one or more pieces of material. 
     It should also be appreciated that the side panels in one waist region may have the same lateral extent from the side edge of the chassis to the distal edge of the side panel as the longitudinally opposed side panels in the opposite waist region or alternatively the side panels disposed in a first waist region may have different lateral extent as measured from the side edge of the chassis to the distal edge of the side panel than the side panels disposed in a second waist region. 
     As such, for a pant diaper including side seams, a first portion of the pant diaper  100 P adjacent the first side edge  128  in the front waist region  116  and a second portion of the pant diaper adjacent the first side edge  128  in the back waist region  118  may be connected to form a first permanent side edge seam  178 . And a third portion of the pant diaper  100 P adjacent the second side edge  130  in the front waist region  116  and a fourth portion of the pant diaper adjacent the second side edge  130  in the back waist region  118  may be connected to form a second permanent side edge seam  180 . The connection of the side edge seams  178  and  180  define the initial waist opening  170  circumference and a pair of leg openings  172 . In another configuration, a pant diaper  100 P may include a first mating fastening component having a fastening surface and an opposing attachment surface wherein the attachment surface is joined directly to one of the interior or exterior surface of the pant diaper in a first waist region. The pant diaper may further comprise a second mating fastening component having a fastening surface and an opposing attachment surface wherein the attachment surface may be joined directly to the same surface of the pant diaper as the first fastening component. The second mating fastening component may be joined to or may form a portion of the surface to which the attachment surface of the first mating fastening component is joined. 
     In yet another configuration, the pant diaper may include a frangible separation zone that may be disposed laterally inward of the side edge seams  178  and  180  that allows the initial waist opening circumference  170  and leg openings  172  of the pant  100 P to be opened for removal or to enable application as a traditional tape style diaper. As discussed above, the pant diaper may further include a first fastening component and a second fastening component disposed in one of the front or back waist regions  116  and  118 . And each of the fastening components may be disposed on the same surface of the pant diaper  100 P, e.g., the exterior surface  134 . The fastening components may be capable of being fastened in a traditional tape style diaper fashion or fastened to reform a secondary waist opening circumference and leg openings after the initial waist opening circumference and leg openings have been broken. In addition, the fastening components can be used to aid disposal of a soiled pant. 
     As previously mentioned, the bonds of the side edge seams  178  and  180  may be permanent and can be formed in various ways appropriate for the specific materials employed. Thus, example bond types may include discrete bonds such as sonic sealed bonds, heat sealed bonds, high pressure bonds, radio frequency bonds, adhesive or cohesive bonds, sewed bonds, autogeneous bonds, and combinations thereof. In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, the permanent side edge seams  178  and  180  may be joined by a predetermined pattern of heat/pressure or ultrasonic welds which withstands the forces and stresses exacted onto the side edge seam  51  during application and wear of the pant  20 . The permanent side edge seams  178 ,  180  may be formed as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,779,831; 5,772,825; 5,607,537; 5,622,589; 5,662,638; 6,042,673; and 6,726,792. 
     Because the pant diaper  100 P may be configured with permanent side edge seams  178  and  180 , both permanent side edge seams may be pre-closed, meaning that the side edge seams are closed prior to removal of the diaper pant from its package, and therefore prior to being donned on the wearer. The pre-closed permanent side edge seams  178  and  180  may form an initial waist opening circumference and leg circumferences. The initial waist opening circumference and leg circumferences may be opened at predetermined frangible separation zones. The permanent side edge seams cannot be reclosed to form the secondary waist opening circumference and leg openings. 
     Additionally, various diaper pant configurations are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,246,433; 5,569,234; 6,120,487; 6,120,489; 4,940,464; 5,092,861; 5,897,545; 5,957,908; and U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2003/0233082; 2005/0234419; 2003/0088220; 2005/0130821; 2003/0233082; 2005/0215971; 2005/0215970; 2007/0078427; 2007/0093769; 2007/0074381; 2007/0078426; and 2008/0107861. 
     As previously discussed, converting apparatuses and methods for manufacturing taped and pant diapers according to the present disclosure are adapted to operate in at least a first configuration and a second configuration. And the converting apparatus includes transformation mechanisms adapted to produce a series of transformations. In a first configuration, a first plurality of the transformation mechanisms are arranged to produce a plurality of taped diapers, wherein the first plurality of the transformation mechanisms produce a first number of transformations. In a second configuration, a second plurality of the transformation mechanisms are arranged to produce a plurality of pant diapers, wherein the second plurality of the transformation mechanisms produce a second number of transformations. As discussed in more detail below with reference to  FIGS.  8 - 10   , the converting apparatus may be configured with relatively high flexibility in changing between the first and second configurations, because a relatively large percentage of transformations remain the same in both configurations. 
       FIG.  8    shows a schematic view of a converting apparatus  300  in a first configuration adapted to manufacture taped diapers  100 T. The method of operation of the converting apparatus  300  may described with reference to the various components of taped diapers  100 T described above and shown in  FIGS.  1 ,  1 A, and  4   . It is to be appreciated transformations shown and described herein can be carried out in various different orders than that which is depicted and described herein. As shown in  FIG.  8   , a topsheet assembly process is completed at step  1001 , and a core assembly process is completed at step  1002 . The core assembly is combined with the advancing topsheet substrate at transformation  2001 . In addition, a leg cuff assembly process is completed at step  1003  and is combined with the advancing topsheet at transformation  2002  forming the topsheet substrate. At the same time, a backsheet assembly process may be completed at step  1004 , and a leg elastic assembly process is completed at step  1005 . The leg elastics are combined with the advancing backsheet substrate at transformation  2003 . In addition, a back ear assembly process is completed at step  1006 T; a front ear assembly process is completed at step  1007 T; and a landing zone assembly process is completed at step  1008 T. The back ears, front ears, and landing zone are combined with the advancing backsheet substrate at transformations  2004 T,  2005 T, and  2006 T, respectively forming the backsheet substrate. Next, the advancing backsheet substrate and topsheet substrate are combined at transformation  2007  to create a continuous length of taped diapers. And the continuous length of taped diapers is subjected to a final forming process at step  1009 . 
     It is to be appreciated that one or more transformations may occur during each process step shown in  FIG.  8   . For example, as shown in  FIG.  8 A  the topsheet assembly process  1001  may include 2 transformations, such as for example: (1) Substrate CD positioning; and (2) Adhesive application. The core forming process  1002  may include 16 transformations, such as for example: (1) Disintegration/fiberization; (2) AGM/fiber mixing; (3) Bottom core wrap (BCW) CD positioning; (4) Adhesive application; (5) Core formation/deposition; (6) Top core wrap (TCW) CD positioning; (7) Adhesive application; (8) BCW, core and TCW combining; (9) Adhesive application; (10) Acquisition core deposition/formation; (11) Acquisition layer cutting; (12) Acquisition layer spacing; (13) Core and acquisition layer combining; (14) Absorbent core calendaring; (15) Absorbent core cutting; and (16) Absorbent core spacing. And the leg cuff assembly process  1003  may include 8 transformations, such as for example: (1) Cuff material slitting; (2) Cuff CD Positioning; (3) Elastic unwind/tensioning; (4) Adhesive application; (5) Cuff and elastic combining; (6) Cuff hem folding; (7) Cuff hem bonding; and (8) Adhesive application. 
     In other examples, such as shown in  FIG.  8 B , the backsheet assembly process  1004  may include 6 transformations, such as for example: (1) Backsheet nonwoven CD positioning; (2) Glue application; (3) Backsheet film CD positioning; (4) Film and nonwoven combining; (5) Backsheet laminate CD positioning; and (6) Adhesive application. The leg elastic assembly  1005  may include 2 transformations, such as for example: (1) Elastic unwind/tensioning; and (2) Adhesive application. The back ear assembly  1006 T may include 12 transformations, such as for example: (1) Release tape folding; (2) Fastening tape CD positioning; (3) Fastening tape shaping; (4) Release, hook and fastening tape combining; (5) Back ear CD positioning; (6) Back ear and tape combining; (7) Back ear with tape bonding; (8) Back ear with tape folding; (9) Back ear slitting; (10) Back ear CD positioning; (11) Back ear shaping; and (12) Back ear MD positioning. The front ear assembly  1007 T may include 7 transformations, such as for example: (1) CD positioning; (2) Ear Shaping; (3) CD positioning; (4) MD positioning; (5) Adhesive application; (6) Ear Cutting; and (7) Ear Spacing. And the landing zone assembly  1008 T may include 4 transformations, such as for example: (1) CD positioning; (2) Adhesive application; (3) Cutting; and (4) Spacing. 
     Referring back to  FIG.  8   , the final forming process  1009  may include 4 transformations. For example, the final forming process  1009  for taped diapers may include a front and back ear folding transformation  2008 T. In the front and/or back ear folding transformation  2008 T, the continuous length of taped diapers may be subjected to a process wherein folding bars or other type of mechanism folds the front ears  108  and  110  and/or back ears  104  and  106  laterally inward toward each other and onto the inner surfaces  132  of the taped diapers  100 T, such as shown in  FIG.  4   . The final forming process  1009  may also include a final knife cut transformation  2009  wherein the continuous length of taped diapers are cut into separate and discrete taped diapers  100 T. The discrete diapers may also be subjected to a folding transformation  2010  wherein each diaper is folded along a laterally extending fold line, such as shown in  FIG.  4   . Finally, the taped diapers may be subjected to stacking transformation  2011  wherein folded taped diapers are stacked and prepared for packing. 
     As previously mentioned, the core assembly process  1002  may include a number of different transformations. It is to be appreciated that these transformations may be dependent on the actual composition of the absorbent materials forming the absorbent core. For example, heterogeneous absorbent cores comprising a blend a fibrous material and a particulate material may be formed by a blending transformation that blends, mixes or combines the fibrous component and a particulate component to form a heterogeneous absorbent structure. Examples of such heterogeneous structures may include blends of cellulosic fibers and absorbent gelling material wherein the cellulosic material may be present in a percentage from about 5% to about 95% and the absorbent gelling material present a percentage from about 95% to about 5% respectively. In some embodiments, the heterogeneous structure may comprise a blend of adhesive fibers and absorbent gelling material wherein the adhesive fibers are present in a percentage from about 2% to about 70% and the absorbent gelling material is present in a percentage from about 98% to about 30% respectively. In such embodiments, the cellulosic fibrous material may be supplied to the production line in bale form and/or in drylap form. Both of these forms may require a fiberization step to separate the fibers into individual fibers or small groupings of fibers to facilitate blending/mixing of the fibers with other materials. The absorbent gelling material may be supplied to the production line in particulate form and no further manipulation is required prior to formation of the heterogeneous structure. The individual fibers or small groupings of fibers may be mixed with the absorbent gelling material to form a heterogeneous mixture. The mixture may also be deposited onto a vacuum conveyance such as a vacuum belt or a vacuum drum to form either a continuous web of absorbent material or alternatively a plurality of discrete absorbent cores. The formation of the heterogeneous fiber AGM absorbent core material therefore may include at least three distinct transformations as detailed herein above; fiberization, mixing and deposition. 
     It is to be appreciated that formation of an absorbent core from a material that is supplied to the production line in roll form is also possible. Examples of such web form absorbent materials include tissue laminates (laminates of tissue and absorbent gelling material), nonwoven laminates (laminates of nonwoven and absorbent gelling material), absorbent foams, high basis weight absorbent tissues, absorbent wadding, thermally bonded cellulosic fiber and absorbent gelling material composites, chemically bonded cellulosic fiber and absorbent gelling material composites and the like. The material may simply be unwound and subsequently severed in the cross machine direction at the desired machine direction length. The material may also be severed in the machine direction, either linearly or in a shaped pattern such as a repeating nested pattern. The cross machine direction cutting and/or the machine direction cutting and/or shaping may also form specific transformation steps as described herein. 
     The following provides additional explanation of “unwinding,” which may be a part of various process assemblies used in the converting line  300  shown in  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B  but is not considered to be a transformation. Many materials are supplied to the production line in the form of a continuous web disposed in roll form. Examples of such web materials include films, including polymeric films, elastomeric films, microporous films, monolithic films and the like as well as woven and nonwoven materials, including carded, meltblown and spunbond materials comprising polymeric fibers such as polyethylene, polypropylene and the like as well as fiber materials such as rayon. The materials may be delivered to the production line by means of a material unwind. The material unwind may comprise a splicing unit which splices the end of one roll comprising a continuous web material to the beginning of a subsequent roll of continuous web material. This process may be repeated such that the process may run uninterrupted. The splicing feature may form a transformation, i.e. splicing (e.g. bonding). If the splicing step includes a cutting step, the cutting step may form a separate transformation. 
     With further regard to unwinding, some materials may be supplied to the production line in the form of composite web, i.e. a web comprising two or more distinct layers or structures, disposed in roll form. Examples of such web materials include composites of films and nonwovens, including polymeric films, elastomeric films, microporous films, monolithic films and the like combined with woven and/or nonwoven materials, such as carded and/or spunbond materials comprising polymeric fibers such as polyethylene, polypropylene and the like. This type of unwind may also comprise a splicing feature. The material splicing feature forms transformations, i.e. splicing (e.g. bonding). If the splicing step includes a cutting step, the cutting step may form a separate transformation. 
     In addition, materials such as elastics may be supplied to a production line in the form of a film or a continuous strand disposed on a roll or spool. Examples of such strand materials include: lycra elastics, natural rubber elastics, threads, strings and the like. The materials may be delivered to the production line by means of a material unwind. The material unwind may comprise guides to properly space the strands and provide proper orientation of the strand relative to the absorbent article. The unwind may also comprise a tensioning device, metering control, which adds tension to the film or strand which in the case of an elastic extends the elastic thereby controlling the elastic contraction force once applied to the article. In some instances, the production line is stopped to splice in new rolls of strand materials. These materials, in particular, strand materials may have an extremely long run time and therefore the stoppage required for changeover may have a minimal impact on the efficiency of the converting process. A material unwind comprising a tensioning device may form a transformation. 
     The following provides additional explanation of the transformations referred to as “spacing,” which may be a part of various process assemblies used in the converting line  300  shown in  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B . Taped and pant diapers may include multiple components which may have different longitudinal, machine direction, extents as well as different lateral, cross machine direction, extents. For materials that have different machine direction extents certain elements may be spaced apart such that these elements are properly disposed relative to and correspond with other elements of the absorbent article. There are various processes by which these spaces may be created. One such process comprises a first conveyance, such as a vacuum conveyor, having a surface speed and a second conveyance, such as a vacuum conveyor, having a surface speed the surface speed of the second conveyance being greater than the surface speed of the first conveyance whereby transferring a discrete element from the first conveyance to the second conveyance increases the distance between the discrete elements. In such an embodiment the first and second conveyances may form a transformation since both are required to space the element. In another embodiment, the process may include a continuous web wherein the web has a surface speed and a first conveyance, such as a vacuum drum, having a surface speed the surface speed of the first conveyance being greater than the surface speed of the web wherein the web is severed in a cross machine direction transferring a discrete element from the web onto the first conveyance whereby the discrete element is subsequently transported at the higher speed to space the discrete elements appropriately relative to the remainder of the absorbent article. In such a configuration the first conveyance may form a transformation. Additionally severing the web in the cross machine direction may form a separate transformation as described herein. 
     The following provides additional explanation of the transformations referred to as “adhesive application,” and “bonding,” which may be a part of various process assemblies used in the converting line  300  shown in  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B . Adhesive bonding may be employed to create a bond within a specific element for example bonding two layers of a folded element together or alternatively to attach two separate elements of an absorbent article together. There are several types of adhesives that can be used to form the bonds including hotmelt adhesives, cohesives, A-B adhesives and the like. An adhesive bond may be disposed in a pattern that may be substantially continuous in one or both of the lateral or longitudinal directions across the absorbent article or it may form an intermittent pattern in one or both of those directions. The adhesive bond may also be in the form of one or more beads, one or more spirals, one or more repeating, e.g. zigzag, or random, e.g. spray, patterns, one or more slot coatings or may be formed by printing of the adhesive. Non-limiting examples of adhesive bonds that may be used in absorbent articles include: backsheet film to backsheet nonwoven bond, backsheet to absorbent assembly bond, absorbent core to core cover bond, storage core to acquisition core bond, absorbent assembly to topsheet bond, backsheet to topsheet bond, backsheet to barrier leg cuff bond, barrier leg cuff to topsheet bond, barrier leg elastic attachment bond, outer leg elastic attachment bond, side panel film to side panel nonwoven bond, waistband to absorbent article bond, side panel to chassis bond, landing zone to backsheet bond, and fastening component to absorbent article bond. Each of these examples may represent a separate transformation within the production line. Generally speaking the process to apply an adhesive bond comprises a reservoir to maintain a supply of the adhesive, a dispensing device such as a pump, a transport device, for example a hose, and an applicator, i.e. nozzle. In certain transformations comprising multiple adhesive bonds for example the process equipment may comprise a reservoir, pump, hose and an application head with one or more applicator nozzles disposed thereon. Alternatively, the transformation may comprise a reservoir, pump, hose and more than one application head with one or more applicator nozzles disposed thereon. It is also anticipated that one reservoir may supply multiple transformations for example of the same adhesive is used for two separate bonding applications the same reservoir may be used to hold the supply of adhesive. Adhesive bonding may comprise one or more of the following transformations, adhesive application, material combining, nipping and/or calendaring. 
     It is to be appreciated that many forms of bonding may be used to create a bond within a specific element for example bonding two layers of a folded element together or alternatively to attach two or more elements of an absorbent article together. For example, thermal bonding may be used to create such bonds. There are several specific types of thermal bonds including thermal bonds resulting from direct application of heat, thermal bonds generated by sonic waves for example, ultrasonic bonds and pressure bonds which generate heat by means of pressure. A thermal bond may be present in one position on the absorbent article or may be present in laterally or longitudinally opposing pairs. In embodiments wherein laterally or longitudinally opposing pairs of thermal bonds are present the pairs of bonds and the equipment used to create the pairs of bonds may form a transformation. In embodiments comprising multiple thermal bonds for example a continuous pattern of thermal bonds extending the length and/or the width of the absorbent article the equipment used to create such a continuous pattern of thermal bonds may form a transformation. 
     Although not specifically recited in the process steps shown in  FIGS.  8 - 8 B , it is to be appreciated that some process steps may include a transformation referred as activation. The activation of a web of material or a composite web of several materials can provide an activated web material that can be laterally extended beyond its original dimension with the application of relatively less force than that required to extend the same material to the same extent when unactivated. In certain embodiments, the result of activation is the creation of ridges and valleys in one or more layers forming the activated web material. Application of opposing divergent forces directed generally perpendicular to the ridges and valleys typically results in the extension of such a formed web material along an axis between the opposing forces. 
     The activation approaches described herein may be achieved by using a set, two or more, intermeshing opposing rolls comprising a staggered orientation of teeth such that when a material such a single web or composite web of material passes through the intermeshing rolls, at least a portion of the material is partially deformed to create the desired activation pattern in the web. The teeth of one or more of the rolls may be continuous around the circumference of the roll while the teeth on one or more of the intermeshing opposing rolls may be discontinuous forming intermittent activation (e.g. a structured elastic-like formed web) or a pitched continuous activation (e.g. continuously activated in the opposing waist regions and not the crotch region). One such process for activating materials to provide extensibility is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,518,801 issued on 21 May 1996 in the name of Chappell et al. The depth to which the teeth intermesh, i.e. depth of engagement, will determine to what degree the web is incrementally stretched and/or plastically deformed and therefore the degree of extensibility imparted to the web. In some embodiments, the absorbent article can be activated in a portion of the backsheet, the waist region, the waistband, the side panels and or the leg cuffs for example, to provide additional extensibility. 
     In some embodiments, a portion of the absorbent article may be continuously activated meaning that the teeth of two or more of the rolls may be continuous around the circumference of the roll while forming continuous activation (e.g., ring-rolled and thus rendered highly extensible as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,366,782 (issued Nov. 22, 1994 to Curro, et al)). Specifically, a ring-rolling apparatus which comprises opposing rolls having intermeshing teeth that incrementally stretch and thereby plastically deform the chassis (or a portion thereof) thereby rendering the chassis extensible in the ring-rolled regions. In some embodiments, the side panels that form a portion of at least one of the front and/or back waist regions may be activated by ring rolling while other regions of the absorbent article remain unactivated or are activated to form a structured elastic-like formed web material. 
     The converting methods and apparatuses herein may include various types of mechanisms to perform the folding transformation  2010  shown in  FIG.  8   , as well as the folding transformations  2010  discussed below with reference to  FIGS.  9  and  10   . For example,  FIGS.  8 - 10    show an arrangement that includes a folding apparatus  302  similar to those described in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2009/0094941A1 and 2009/0098995A1. The folding transformation herein may also utilize the folding methods and apparatuses described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/051,210 entitled “Apparatuses and Methods for Folding an Absorbent Article,” and filed on Mar. 18, 2011. 
     The method of operation of the folding apparatus  302  may be described with reference to the figures herein and in the context of a method for folding articles, such as taped diapers or pant diapers. The following provides various term explanations that may be useful in understanding the present discussion of the folding apparatus  302 . “Leading end portion” means that portion of an absorbent article prior to bi-folding that is disposed forward of the fold line in the machine direction. “Trailing end portion” refers to that portion of an absorbent article prior to bi-folding that is disposed after the fold line in the machine direction. “Fold line” means the portion of an article about which the article is intended to be bi-folded. The fold line typically extends from one longitudinal edge to the other longitudinal edge in the lateral direction. In certain embodiments, the fold line may correspond to the lateral centerline of the article. “Bi-fold” means the leading edge portion and the trailing edge portion of an article on a production line are brought together in a face-to-face configuration along a fold line as the article moves in the machine direction of travel. “Holding an article to the surface of a roll” means employing a holding force to one or more portions of an article in order to join the article at least temporarily to the surface of a roll such that the article is inhibited from traveling in a direction substantially orthogonal to the surface of the roll without reducing or removing the holding force and/or employing a peel-force. This definition is equally applicable to conveyors, e.g., the bi-fold conveyor assembly described herein below. “Peel force” means the force applied to an object in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the surface in which the object lies or on which the object rests. A force applied in a direction within 45° of the perpendicular direction may be considered a peel force. “Shear force” means the force applied to an object in a direction that is substantially parallel to the plane of the surface in which the object lies or on which the object rests. A force applied in a direction within 45° of the parallel direction may be considered a shear force. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  8 - 10   , the articles (i.e. taped and pant diapers  100 T and  100 P) advance in a machine direction and are to be folded along a cross directional fold line. Each article includes a leading end portion  200  that may correspond with the front waist region  116  and a trailing end portion  202  that may correspond with the rear waist region  118 . After the final knife cut  2009 , the articles are received onto a transfer roll  304 , and are subsequently received onto a rotating folding drum  306 . It is to be appreciated that some embodiments may not include a transfer roll. For example, in some embodiments, a continuous length of the articles may be received on the folding drum and cut into discrete articles directly thereon. As shown in  FIGS.  8 - 10   , the diapers  100 T and  100 P may be oriented on the outer surface of the folding drum  306  such that the garment facing surface  134 , such as defined by the backsheet  136 , is engaged with the outer surface of the folding drum. The folding drum  306  is rotated to move the outer surface at a first surface speed and transport the diaper  100 T and  100 P in the machine direction. A wearer facing surface  132 , such as defined by the topsheet  138 , of the leading end portion  200  of the diaper  100 T and  100 P engages an outer surface of a peel roll  308  traveling at the first speed. The leading end portion  200  is transferred from the folding drum  306  to the peel roll  308 . 
     With the leading end portion of the diaper  100 T and  100 P engaged with the peel roll  308 , the trailing end portion  202  of the diaper  100 T and  100 P remains on the rotating folding drum  306 . As the folding drum  306  continues to rotate, clamps from the folding drum may operate to hold diaper  100 T and  100 P onto the folding drum  306  and the clamped portion of the diaper  100 T and  100 P continues to move with the folding drum outer surface. When the clamps reach a particular position relative to the peel roll  308 , the clamps may exert a force such as, for example, a shear force on the leading end portion  200 . The shear force exerted on the leading end portion  200  may be in a direction that is substantially different from or even opposite the direction of travel of the outer surface of the peel roll  308 . Thus, the leading end portion  200  may begin to slow down and/or even stop moving. As the leading portion  200  decelerates and/or stops moving, the leading end portion  200  of the diaper  100 T and  100 P is transferred from the peel roll  308  to a vacuum conveyor  310  including a movable surface. And the movable surface of the vacuum conveyor is accelerated to a surface speed equal to or substantially equal to the surface speed of the folding drum. Next, the garment facing surface  132  of the leading end portion  200  of the diaper  100 T and  100 P is transferred along the vacuum conveyor and the leading end portion is brought into surface to surface contact with the trailing end portion  202  of the diaper  100 T and  100 P on the folding drum  306 . 
     It is to be appreciated that the folding apparatus can be configured in accordance with and may include various other features described in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2009/0094941A1 and 2009/0098995A1; as well as U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/051,210, entitled “Apparatuses and Methods for Folding an Absorbent Article,” and filed on Mar. 18, 2011. 
     The converting apparatus  300  is shown in  FIG.  8    in a first configuration adapted to manufacture taped diapers  100 T. As previously mentioned, the converting apparatus  300  can be placed in a second configuration wherein the transformation mechanisms are arranged to produce a plurality of pant diapers  100 P. As such, the second plurality of transformation mechanisms produce a second number of transformations. For example, the converting apparatus  300  is shown in  FIG.  9    in a second configuration adapted to produce pant diapers  100 P, such as shown and described above with respect to  FIGS.  2 ,  5 , and  7   . As discussed in more detail below with respect to  FIGS.  8  and  9   , a relatively large percentage of transformations remain the same in both configurations. 
     As mentioned above with respect to  FIG.  8   , it is to be appreciated transformations shown and described in  FIG.  9    can be carried out in various different orders than that which is depicted and described herein. As shown in  FIG.  9   , when the converting apparatus  300  is placed in the second configuration for producing pant diapers  100 P, the topsheet assembly process  1001 , core assembly  1002 , and leg cuff assembly and associated transformations  2001  and  2002  may be the same as discussed above with reference to the taped diaper configuration shown in  FIG.  8   . In addition, backsheet assembly  1004 , leg elastic assembly  1005  and associated transformations  2003  and  2007  shown in  FIG.  9    may be the same as discussed above with reference to  FIG.  8   . As such, the transformations associated with the process assemblies  1001 ,  1002 ,  1003 ,  1004  and  1005  discussed above with reference  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B  may also be the same as transformations associated with the process assemblies  1001 ,  1002 ,  1003 ,  1004  and  1005  shown in the pant diaper configuration of  FIG.  9   . 
     Although many of the processes and associated transformations may remain unchanged between the taped diaper configuration shown in  FIG.  8    and the pant diaper configuration shown in  FIG.  9   , there are some differences. For example, in  FIG.  9   , the front ear assembly  1007 T and landing zone assembly  1008 T as well as associated transformations  2005 T and  2006 T are shown in dashed lines to indicate these assemblies and transformations may not be used in the pant diaper configuration. In some embodiments of the converting apparatus  300 , the transformation mechanisms associated with  1007 T,  1008 T,  2005 T, and  2006 T need not be physically removed from the converting apparatus, but rather, simply disabled, “turned-off” or bypassed when the converting mechanism is placed in the pant configuration. It is to be appreciated that in some embodiments, the landing zone assembly  1008 T and associated transformation  2006 T may be utilized in some pant manufacturing configurations, such as for example, when manufacturing pant diapers  100 P having refastenable side panels. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9   , the converting apparatus in the second, pant diaper, configuration may include a side panel assembly process  1006 P to create side panels  112  and  114 , such as shown in  FIG.  2   . The panels  112  and  114  may also be combined with the backsheet substrate at transformation  2004 P. It is to be appreciated that the side panel assembly process  1006 P may also include various transformations. For example, the side panel assembly process  1006 P may include the identical transformations as discussed above with reference to the back ear assembly process  1006 T shown in  FIGS.  8  and  8 B . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  8  and  9   , the final forming process  1009  also may include some different transformations depending on whether the converting apparatus is in the first, taped diaper, configuration or the second, pant diaper, configuration. For example, the ear folding transformation  2008 T shown in  FIG.  8    is removed or disabled when the converting apparatus  300  is placed in the pant configuration shown in  FIG.  9   . As such, when the pant diapers  100 P in  FIG.  9    advance past the final knife transformation  2009 , the side panels  112  and  114  may be extended laterally outward from the longitudinal side edges  128  and  130  of the chassis  102 , such as shown in  FIG.  2   . In addition, as shown in  FIG.  9   , the pant diapers  100 P are subject to the same folding transformation  2010  as described with reference to the taped diaper configuration in  FIG.  8   . As such, the converting apparatus  300  may utilize the same folding apparatus  302 , such as described above, whether operating in the taped diaper configuration or the pant diaper configuration. However, when the pant diapers  100 P are folded  2010 , the side panels  112  and  114  remain in laterally extended positions. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9   , the folded pant diapers  100 P are subjected to additional transformations not applied to the taped diapers  100 T. In particular, the folded pant diapers  100 P are subjected to a side panel connection transformation  2012  and may be subjected to a side panel tucking transformation  2013  before advancing to the stacking transformation  2011 . 
     When the folded pant diapers  100 P advance from the folding transformation  2010  and through the side panel connection transformation  2012 , the distal end regions  176  of the laterally extending side panels  112  and  114  are connected with another portion of the pant diaper  100 P. For example, the proximal end regions  174  of the side panels  112  and  114  such as shown in  FIG.  2    may be connected with the rear waist region  118  at transformation  2004 P discussed above. As such, the side panel connection transformation  2012  of  FIG.  9    may be configured to connect the distal end regions  176  of the side panels  112  and  114  with the front waist region  116  of the diaper pant  100 P, such as shown in  FIG.  5   . 
     It is to be appreciated that various types of transformation mechanisms may be used to carry out the side panel connection  2012 . For example, a twisted conveyor arrangement, such as shown in  FIG.  11    may used to transport the pant diapers  100 P in the machine direction while at the same time bend and fold the side panels  112  and  114  to connect the distal end regions with the front waist region  116  of the chassis  102 . As shown  FIG.  11   , the chassis  100 P of the folded pant diapers  100 T may be transported in the machine direction away from the folding drum  306  by an upper vacuum conveyor  400  engaged with the rear waist region  118  of the chassis  102  and a lower vacuum conveyor  402  engaged with the front waist region of the  116  of the chassis. First and second twisted vacuum conveyor  404  and  406  may be laterally disposed on opposing sides of the upper and lower vacuum conveyors  400  and  402 . In particular, the first and second twisted vacuum conveyors may include a movable surface, such as an endless belt, that twists along the machine direction, MD. As such, the first twisted vacuum conveyor may apply a vacuum force to hold the first side panel  112 , and the second twisted vacuum conveyor may apply a vacuum force to hold the second side panel  114  as the pant diaper  100 P advances in the machine direction. Thus, as the pant diaper  100 P advances, the distal end regions  176  of the side panels  112  and  114  are folded over and placed in contact with the front waist region  116 . The distal end regions  176  of the side panels  112  and  114  may also be connected with front waist region  116 . As discussed above, the side panels may be refastenably, releasably, or permanently connected with the front waist region in various ways, such as with heat, cohesives, mechanical fasteners, adhesives, and the like. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9   , the pant diapers  100 P may advance from the side panel connection transformation  2012  to the side panel tucking transformation  2013  before advancing to the stacking transformation  2011 . The converting methods and apparatuses herein may include various types of mechanisms to perform the side panel tucking transformation  2012  shown in  FIG.  9   , as well as the side panel tucking transformation  2012  discussed below with reference to  FIG.  10   . For example, the side panel tucking transformation  2012  may utilize the tucking methods and apparatuses described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/051,241, entitled “Methods and Apparatuses for Tucking Side Panels of Absorbent Articles,” and filed on Mar. 18, 2011; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/051,231, entitled “Methods and Apparatuses for Tucking Side Panels of Absorbent Articles,” and filed on Mar. 18, 2011; as well as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,723,035 and 6,776,316. 
       FIG.  7    shows the diaper pant  100 P with opposing side panels  112  and  114  tucked into the chassis  102 . As shown in  FIG.  7   , portions of each side panel  112  and  114  are inserted into the chassis  102  of the diaper pant  100 P such that portions of the side panels are disposed between the interior surface  132  of the front waist region  116  and the rear waist region  118 . In addition, the insertion of the side panels  112  and  114  into the chassis  102  defines first longitudinal fold lines  250  along the first waist region  116  and second longitudinal fold lines  252  along the second waist region  118 . 
       FIGS.  12 - 15    show an example side panel tucking apparatus  500  that may be used to tuck the side panels  112  and  114  into the chassis  102 . The apparatus can include  500  a first conveyor  502 , a second conveyor  204 . Each conveyor  502  and  504  may include a movable surface  506  that may be in the form of a belt wrapped around rollers and configured in an endless loop. One or more of the belts may also be configured as a movable foraminous vacuum conveyor belt that exerts vacuum forces on the chassis  102  to receive, hold, and/or transfer the diaper pant  100 P. It is to be appreciated that the each conveyor may include more than conveyor, such as for example, multiple conveyors arranged in series along the machine direction and/or arranged in parallel along the cross direction. In addition, one or more conveyors can be configured as a rotating drum or vacuum drum. The conveyors  202 ,  204  and  205  advance diaper pants  100 P in a machine direction, MD, through a tucking zone represented generally by the side panel tucking transformation  2012  in  FIGS.  9  and  10   , wherein a side panel tucker pushes the side panels  112  and  114  into the chassis  102 . 
       FIG.  12    shows a cross-sectional view of the diaper pant  100 P and first and second conveyors  502  and  504 . As shown in  FIG.  5   , the belt  506  of the first vacuum conveyor  502  includes a vacuum zone  514  that exerts a downward vacuum force on the outer surface  134  of the first waist region  116  of the chassis  102 . And the belt  506  of the second vacuum conveyor  504  includes a vacuum zone  514  that exerts an upward vacuum force on the outer surface  134  of the second waist region  118  of the chassis  102 . As such, the opposing forces exerted by the vacuum zones  514  on chassis  102  hold the inner surfaces  132  of the first and second waist regions  116 ,  118  apart. In addition, the side panels  112  and  114  are shown in  FIG.  12    in a relatively elongated and untucked configuration. 
     As shown in  FIG.  12   , the vacuum zones  514  of the first and second conveyors  502  and  504  each define a lateral or cross directional, CD, width that may be less than the lateral width defined by the opposing longitudinal edges  128  and  130  of the chassis  102 . In addition, the lateral or cross directional, CD, width of the vacuum zones  514  may also be less than the lateral width defined by the opposing longitudinal edges of the absorbent core  142 . However it is to be appreciated that the vacuum zones may be configured with different lateral widths and may define lateral widths that are larger or smaller than what is depicted. For example, some embodiments may include vacuum zones having lateral widths that are equal to or greater than the lateral widths of the absorbent core and/or chassis. In addition, the conveyors may also be configured with more than one vacuum zone along the cross direction CD and/or machine direction MD. 
     As the diaper pant  100 P advances in the machine direction through the tucking zone, the opposing vacuum forces exerted by the first and second conveyors  502  and  504  may continue to hold the chassis or may be removed from the chassis. And a side panel tucker  516  pushes the side panels  112  and  114  into the chassis  102 , such as shown for example in  FIG.  13   . As the side panels  112  and  114  are pushed into the chassis  102 , the inner surfaces  132  of the first waist region  116  and the second waist region  118  may move toward each other. Tucking the side panels  112  and  114  into the chassis  102  also creates longitudinal fold lines  250  and  252  in the chassis  102 . In the configuration shown in  FIG.  13   , the longitudinal fold lines  250  and  252  may also coincide with and may be defined by the longitudinal side edges of the absorbent core  142 . It is to be appreciated that the longitudinal fold lines  250  and  252  may be created in various different locations depending on the particular tucking method and configuration. For example, in some embodiments, the longitudinal fold lines may correspond with lateral side edges of the vacuum zones. In some embodiments, the side panels may not be completely tucked inside the chassis, and as such, the longitudinal fold lines may be defined along the lengths of the side panels. 
     It is to be appreciated that side panel tuckers  516  may be configured in various different ways. For example, as shown in  FIG.  14   , the side panel tuckers  516  are configured as rotating blades  518 . As the diaper pant  100 P advances in the machine direction past the side panel tuckers  516 , a rotating blade or blades may impinge on each of the side panels  112  and  114  and push the side panels into the chassis  102 . In another embodiment, shown in  FIG.  15   , the side panel tuckers  516  are configured as air jets  520 . As the diaper pant  100 P advances in the machine direction past the side panel tuckers  516 , air discharged in the cross direction, CD, from the air jets  520  may impinge on each of the side panels  112  and  114  and push the side panels into the chassis  102 . In yet other embodiments, the side panel tuckers  516  may be configured as rails that converge toward each other in the cross direction, CD. The side panel tuckers may be in contact with the absorbent article over the complete machine direction length between the vacuum zone or zones created by the first conveyor  502  and second conveyor  504  through the non-vacuum zone to the vacuum zone or zones created by the first conveyor  502 . The side panel tuckers may be oriented in an overlapping orientation with one or more conveyors in the machine direction. Overlapping the side panel tucker and the conveyors may help maintain the side panels in a tucked position until the absorbent article is fully folded, i.e. interior surface  132  in the first waist region  116  is in contact with the interior surface  132  in the second waist region  118 . In sill other embodiments, the side panel tuckers may be configured as one of the aforementioned devices that also discharges air to push the side panels into the chassis. For example, the side panel tuckers may be configured to discharge air from rotating blades, blades that travel on tracks, and/or converging rails. Other side panel tucker configurations are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,723,035 and 6,776,316. 
     Once the side panels  112  and  114  are pushed into the chassis  102 , the diaper pant  100 P may continue to advance on the first conveyor  502  in the machine direction. The waist regions  116  and  118  of the diaper pant  100 P may also be further compressed together to help hold the side panels  112  and  114  in the tucked position, such as with conveyors that converge toward each other in the machine direction. 
     It is to be appreciated that the converting apparatus can be placed in other configurations to manufacture diaper pants having various other features. For example,  FIG.  10    shows the converting apparatus  300  in a third, pant diaper, configuration that may be adapted to produce pant diapers  100 P with side seams, such as shown and described above with respect to  FIGS.  3 ,  6 , and  7   . As discussed above with respect to  FIGS.  8  and  9   , a relatively large percentage of transformations also remain the same in the taped configurations of  FIG.  8    and the pant configuration of  FIG.  10   . 
     As mentioned above with respect to  FIG.  8   , it is to be appreciated transformations shown and described in  FIG.  10    can be carried out in various different orders than that which is depicted and described herein. As shown in  FIG.  10   , when the converting apparatus  300  is placed in the third configuration for producing pant diapers  100 P, the topsheet assembly process  1001 , core assembly  1002 , and leg cuff assembly and associated transformations  2001  and  2002  may be the same as discussed above with reference to the taped diaper configuration shown in  FIG.  8   . In addition, the backsheet assembly  1004 , leg elastic assembly  1005  and associated transformations  2003  and  2007  shown in  FIG.  10    may be the same as discussed above with reference to  FIG.  8   . As such, the transformations associated with the process assemblies  1001 ,  1002 ,  1003 ,  1004  and  1005  discussed above with reference  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B  may also be the same as transformations associated with the process assemblies  1001 ,  1002 ,  1003 ,  1004  and  1005  shown in the pant diaper configuration of  FIG.  10   . 
     Although many of the processes and associated transformations may remain unchanged between the taped diaper configuration shown in  FIG.  8    and the pant diaper configuration shown in  FIG.  10   , there are some differences. For example, in  FIG.  10   , the landing zone assembly  1008 T and associated transformation  2006 T are shown in dashed lines to indicate these assemblies and transformations are not used in the pant diaper configuration. In some embodiments of the converting apparatus  300 , the transformation mechanisms associated with  1008 T and  2006 T need not be physically removed from the converting apparatus, but rather, simply disabled or “turned-off” when the converting mechanism is placed in the pant configuration. 
     As shown in  FIG.  10   , the converting apparatus in the second, pant diaper, configuration may include a rear ear panel assembly process  1006 P and a front ear panel assembly  1007 P to create rear ear panels  112   b  and  114   b  and front ear panels  112   a  and  114   a , such as shown in  FIG.  3   . The rear ear panels  112   b  and  114   b  and front ear panels  112   a  and  114   b  may also be combined with the backsheet substrate at transformations  2004 P and  2005 P, respectively. It is to be appreciated that the ear panel assembly processes  1006 P and  1007 P may also include various transformations. For example, the rear ear panel assembly process  1006 P and the front ear panel assembly process may include the identical transformations as discussed above with reference to the back ear assembly process  1006 T and front ear assembly process  1007 T shown in  FIGS.  8  and  8 B . In other embodiments, a relatively large ear panel can be added using the transformations of the back ear assembly process  1006 T or the front ear assembly process  1007 T, wherein the large ear panel is later cut at the final knife  2009  into the back ear panel and the front ear panel. 
     As discussed above with reference to  FIGS.  8  and  9   , as shown in  FIG.  10   , the final forming process  1009  also may include some different transformations depending on whether the converting apparatus is in the first, taped diaper, configuration or the second, pant diaper, configuration. For example, the ear folding transformation  2008 T shown in  FIG.  8    is removed when the converting apparatus  300  is placed in the pant configuration shown in  FIG.  10   . As such, when the pant diapers  100 P in  FIG.  10    advance past the final knife transformation  2009 , the front ear panels  112   a  and  114   a  and rear ear panels  112   b  and  114   b  are extended laterally outward from the longitudinal side edges  128 ,  130  of the chassis  102 , such as shown in  FIG.  3   . 
     In addition, as shown in  FIG.  10   , the pant diapers  100 P are subject to the same folding transformation  2010  as described with reference to the taped diaper configuration in  FIG.  8   . As such, the converting apparatus  300  may utilize the same folding apparatus  302 , such as described above, whether operating in the taped diaper configuration or the pant diaper configuration shown in  FIG.  10   . However, when the pant diapers  100 P are folded  2010 , the front ear panels  112   a  and  114   a  and rear ear panels  112   b  and  114   b  remain in laterally extended positions. 
     As shown in  FIG.  10   , the folded pant diapers  100 P are subjected to additional transformations not applied to the taped diapers  100 T. In particular, the folded pant diapers  100 P are subjected to a side panel connection transformation  2012  and a side panel tucking transformation  2013  before advancing to the stacking transformation  2011 . The side panel tucking transformation  2013  and associated mechanisms may the same as discussed above with reference to  FIG.  9   . However, the side panel connection transformation  2012  in  FIG.  10    may have some difference from that discussed above with reference to  FIG.  9   . 
     When the folded pant diapers  100 P advance from the folding transformation  2010  and through the side panel connection transformation  2012 , the distal end regions  176   a  of the laterally extending front ear panels  112   a  and  114   a  are connected with the distal end regions  176   b  of the rear ear panels  112   b  and  114   b , such as shown for example in  FIGS.  3  and  6   . As such, the side panel connection transformation  2012  of  FIG.  10    may be configured to connect the distal end regions  176   a  of the front ear panels  112   a  and  114   a  with the distal end regions  176   b  of the rear ear panels  112   b  and  114   b  along side seams  178  and  180 . It is to be appreciated that various types of transformation mechanisms may be used to carry out the side panel connection  2012  in  FIG.  10   . For example, the distal end regions  176   a  and  176   b  may pass through bonding nips, such as high pressure rolls to refastenably or permanently bond the distal end regions with glue, cohesives, mechanical bonds, ultra-sonic bonds, mechanical fasteners, and the like. 
     It is to be appreciated that the laterally opposing side seams  178 ,  180  may be disposed at or adjacent the side edge  128 ,  130  in one or both waist regions  116 ,  118 . In embodiments wherein the lateral extent of the front waist region  116  is substantially equal to the lateral extent of the back waist region  118  during bonding of the permanent side edge seams  178 ,  180 , the side edge seams may be disposed at or adjacent the side edges of the absorbent article in both the front and back waist regions. In the embodiment, the absorbent article is folded at a laterally extending fold line disposed in the crotch region to bring the front waist region and the back waist region into an interior surface to interior surface face to face orientation. The permanent side edge seams are formed by placing the interior surface of one waist regions in an overlapping relationship with the exterior surface of the opposing waist region adjacent the side edges and subsequently bonding the waist regions together. The first fastening component may be applied to the article prior to forming the permanent side edge seam. The second fastening component may also be applied prior to forming the permanent side edge seam or after forming the permanent side edge seam. In this embodiment, the first fastening component and the non-engagement surface are disposed at least partially within the permanent side edge seam with the fastening surface of the first fastening component in a face to face surface to surface orientation with the non-engagement surface. As removed from the package, the absorbent article is in the form of a pant. The user may apply the absorbent article to the wearer as a pant or alternatively the user may apply the absorbent article as a taped diaper by first releasing the fastening component by separating the front waist region from the back waist region by breaking the permanent side edge seam thereby opening the initial waist opening circumference, then placing the back waist region of the article under the wearer and fastening the first fastening component to the second fastening component to reclose the pant on the wearer. 
     It is to be appreciated that in some embodiments, the converting apparatus may be configured such that changing from the first, taped diaper, configuration the second (or third), pant diaper, configuration may require the removal, replacement, and/or installation of various transformation mechanisms. Some such mechanisms may be associated with the final forming process  1009 . However, in other embodiments, the converting apparatus may be configured with alternate diaper travel paths in the final forming process such that changing from the first, taped diaper, configuration the second (or third), pant diaper, configuration does not require the removal, replacement, and/or installation of various transformation mechanisms associated with the final forming process  1009 . 
       FIG.  8 C  shows an example flow diagram showing various transformations that may be used to construct a taped diaper as well as a pant diaper. In a first configuration, 70 separate transformations are used to produce a first product, in this example a taped diaper. In a second configuration, 50 separate transformations are used to produce a second product, in this example a pant diaper. Of the 50 transformations utilized in the second configuration, 48 of those transformations, 96%, are the same as the transformations utilized in the first configuration. The plain boxes shown are the transformations that are present in both a first configuration, taped diaper, and a second configuration, pant diaper. The boxes with a 1 are those that are present only in a first configuration, taped diaper, and may be simply turned off or bypassed in the second configuration, pant diaper. The boxes with a 2 are those present in only the second configuration, pant diaper. It is to be appreciated that other converting line arrangements may have a first configuration with a first number of transformations and a second configuration with a second number of transformations, wherein various percentages of the first and second numbers of transformations are the same transformations. For example, in some embodiments, 70% or greater of the second number of transformations used in a second configuration may be the same transformations used in the first configuration. In another example, 80% or greater of the second number of transformations used in a second configuration may be the same transformations used in the first configuration. In yet another example, 90% or greater or even 95% or greater of the second number of transformations used in a second configuration may be the same transformations used in the first configuration. 
     In order to make two different product types, for example pant diapers and taped diapers, on the same converting line or converting lines comprising similar transformations, it may be important to maintain the line speeds for each of the product types within a specified operating line speed range. The converting lines are typically comprised of multiple transformations each of which may have a centerline defining its optimum operating condition and an operating range around the centerline where the transformation can operate without significant changes or modifications. Therefore, producing both taped and pant products on lines having common transformations requires a specific operating range derived as a function of overall line speed, products per minute. The following ranges have been established for products having a pitch length, length of the product along the longitudinal centerline, of between 480 mm to 550 mm. It should be understood that for a given linear speed the line speed, products per minute, will increase for shorter products and decrease for longer products. 
     For processes wherein one of the taped or pant diaper products is produced at a first line speed of less than 800 products per minute, the operating line speed range for the other product is defined as the first line speed+/−50%. In other words if a taped diaper is made at 500 products per minute then the pant diaper must be produced at a speed of between 250 products per minute and 750 products per minute. Preferably if the processes wherein one of the taped or pant diaper products is produced at a first line speed of less than 800 products per minute, the operating line speed range for the other product is defined as the first line speed+/−25%. In other words if a taped diaper is made at 600 products per minute then the pant diaper must be produced at a speed of between 450 products per minute and 750 products per minute. 
     For processes wherein one of the taped or pant diaper products is produced at a first line speed of between 800 and 960 products per minute, the operating line speed range for the other product is defined as the first line speed+/−30%. In other words if a taped diaper is made at 900 products per minute then the pant diaper must be produced at a speed of between 630 products per minute and 1170 products per minute. Preferably if the processes wherein one of the taped or pant diaper products is produced at a first line speed of between 800 and 960 products per minute, the operating line speed range for the other product is defined as the first line speed+/−10%. In other words if a taped diaper is made at 900 products per minute then the pant diaper must be produced at a speed of between 810 products per minute and 990 products per minute. 
     For processes wherein one of the taped or pant diaper products is produced at a first line speed of greater than 960 products per minute, the operating line speed range for the other product is defined as the first line speed+/−20%. In other words if a taped diaper is made at 1000 products per minute then the pant diaper must be produced at a speed of between 800 products per minute and 1200 products per minute. Preferably if the processes wherein one of the taped or pant diaper products is produced at a first line speed of greater than 960 products per minute, the operating line speed range for the other product is defined as the first line speed+/−5%. In other words if a taped diaper is made at 1000 products per minute then the pant diaper must be produced at a speed of between 950 products per minute and 1050 products per minute. Maintaining the process or processes within the desired operating line speed range may help minimize the down time to make adjustments between taped and pant products and will maximize the overall efficiency and synergy of the process. In addition, it may help simplify development since each of the multiple transformations needs to only be developed for one type of product and subsequently can be reapplied to the second type of product. 
     It is to be appreciated that various types of pant and taped diapers may be constructed in accordance with the aforementioned methods and apparatuses. As such, embodiments of such apparatuses and methods may be configured to construct pant and taped diapers having some elements that are configured with specified ranges of performance parameters. 
     In some embodiments, pant and taped diapers having inner leg cuffs may be constructed in accordance with the above-described methods and apparatuses, wherein the inner leg cuffs are configured to have a range of force characteristics, as described below. In one form, such as shown in  FIGS.  16 - 18   , an inner leg cuff may include a rectilinear specimen of a SMS (Spunbond-Meltblown-Spunbond) hydrophobic nonwoven  600  with a basis weight of about 15 g/m 2 , commonly known as Securon® manufactured by Fiberweb, which is cut with a CD width dimension, A, and a MD length dimension, B, shown in  FIG.  16   . In some embodiments, A may be 52 mm, and B may be 488 mm, wherein the long axis, B, of the specimen  600  is parallel to the machine direction MD of the nonwoven material, and the short axis, A, of the specimen  600  is parallel to the cross direction CD of the nonwoven material. As shown in  FIG.  16   , the specimen of nonwoven  600  has a first machine direction edge  602 , a second machine direction edge  604 , a first cross direction edge  606 , and a second cross machine direction edge  608 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  17 A , adhesive  610  (Bostik H2031) is applied in a spiral pattern at a basis weight of 9.3 g/m 2  uniformly in an area  612  defined by dimension, C, in the cross direction and by dimension, D, in the machine direction. In some embodiments, dimension C may be 8 mm, and dimension D may be 312 mm. The adhesive area  612  is aligned so that a first longitudinal edge  614  is located in a cross direction distance, E, from the first machine direction edge  602 , and a first lateral edge  616  is offset by distance, F, in a machine direction from the first cross machine direction edge  606  as shown in  FIG.  17 A . In some embodiments, distance E may be 10 mm, and distance F may be 75 mm. The adhesive  610  is applied at a suitable elevated temperature directly to the nonwoven substrate  600  (a mask may be used to obtain the desired adhesive area), or alternatively the adhesive  610  may be applied to silicone-coated release paper and transferred to the nonwoven  600  at room temperature after cutting the appropriate sized piece. 
     As shown in  FIG.  17 B , two elastic strands  618  (Invista 680 decitex Lycra T262P) each 135.5 mm long in their relaxed state are stretched uniformly to 488 mm (i.e. 260% extension) and adhesively bonded to the nonwoven  600  parallel to the first machine direction edge  602  of the specimen  600  by pressing the stretched strands  618  onto the specimen. A first elastic strand  618  may be located a distance, G, from the first machine direction edge  602 , and the second elastic strand  618  may be located a distance, H, first machine direction edge  602 . In some embodiments, distance G may be 11 mm, and distance H may be 13 mm A ¼″ (6.35 mm) wide by 488 mm strip of double sided tape identified as Medical Transfer Adhesive 1524 manufactured by the 3M Company is applied to the specimen  600  so that the nearest edge of the adhesive  620  is parallel to and located distance, J, from the first machine direction edge  602 . In some embodiments, distance J may be 2 mm. The second machine direction edge  604  of the nonwoven  600  is lifted and folded over the stretched elastic strands  618  and double sided tape  620  so that a fold line  622  is located a distance, K, from the first machine direction edge  602  as shown in  FIG.  17 B . In some embodiments, distance K may be 18 mm A cross section of the sample is shown in  FIG.  18   . Using a hand roller, an adequate pressure is applied to the entire specimen to make sure the adhesives  610 ,  620  bond to the elastics  618  and nonwoven  600 . The nonwoven  600  is bonded to the inner surface (e.g. a topsheet) of a diaper having a pitch length of 488 mm so that the cuff spans the entire length of the diaper. The inner cuff may be attached to the inner surface of the diaper 7 mm from any outer cuff or margin, substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the diaper, so that the inner cuff is attached along a line 30 mm from the fold line in the inner cuff. The inner leg cuff may be attached to the chassis of a taped or pant diaper by any means known to the art, such as for example, pressure, heat, and ultrasonic bonding. 
     The inner cuff specimen is tested according to the method for Inner Cuffs in the Cuff Tensile Test described in the Test Methods section below. In one embodiment of an inner cuff specimen that may be applied to a taped or pant diaper, the force value on the 2 nd  unload cycle at 85% extension may be between 0.25 N and 0.45 N and/or the strain value at 0.05 N on the 2 nd  unload cycle may be between 50% and 75%. 
     In some embodiments, pant and taped diapers having outer leg cuffs may be constructed in accordance with the above-described methods and apparatuses, wherein the outer leg cuffs are configured to have a range of force characteristics, as described below. In one form, such as shown in  FIGS.  19 - 22   , an outer leg cuff may include a rectilinear specimen  700  of a SMS (Spunbond-Meltblown-Spunbond) hydrophobic nonwoven with a basis weight of about 15 g/m 2 , commonly known as Securon® manufactured by Fiberweb, is cut with a CD width dimension, L, and a MD length dimension, M, shown in  FIG.  19   . In some embodiments, dimension L may be 40 mm and dimension M may be 488 mm, so that the long axis, M, of the specimen is parallel to the machine direction MD of the nonwoven material. The specimen of nonwoven  700  has a first machine direction edge  702  and a second machine direction edge  704 , a first cross direction edge  706 , and a second cross machine direction edge  708 , as shown in  FIG.  19   . 
     An adhesive  710  (Bostik H2031) is applied in a spiral pattern at a basis weight of 11 g/m 2  uniformly in an area  712  defined by dimension, N, in the cross direction and by dimension, O, in the machine direction (a mask may be used to obtain the desired adhesive area), or alternatively the adhesive  712  may be applied to silicone-coated release paper and transferred to the nonwoven  700  at room temperature after cutting the appropriate sized piece. In some embodiments, dimension N may be 15 mm, and dimension O may be 276 mm. The adhesive area  712  is aligned so a first longitudinal edge  714  is located a distance, P, from the first machine direction edge  702  of the nonwoven  700  and a first lateral edge  716  is offset a distance, Q, from the first cross direction edge  706 , as shown in  FIG.  20 A . In some embodiments, distance P may be 12.5 mm, and distance Q may be 85 mm. The adhesive  710  is applied at a suitable elevated temperature directly to the nonwoven substrate  700  (a mask may be used to obtain the desired adhesive area), or alternatively the adhesive  710  may be applied to silicone-coated release paper and transferred to the nonwoven at room temperature after cutting the appropriate sized piece. Three elastic strands  718  (Invista 680 decitex Lycra T262P) each 143.5 mm long in their relaxed state are stretched uniformly to 488 mm (i.e. 240% extension) and adhesively bonded to the nonwoven  700  parallel to the machine direction edge  702  of the specimen  700  spaced a distance, R, apart and centered on the nonwoven  700  in the cross direction as seen in  FIG.  20 B . In some embodiments, distance R may be 3 mm. 
     A suitable breathable backsheet film  800  layer with a basis weight of 16 g/m 2  such as a MicroPro™ Microporous Film available through Clopay Plastic Products is cut with a CD width dimension, S, and a MD length dimension, T, shown in  FIG.  21   . In some embodiments, dimension S may be 40 mm and dimension T may be 488 mm, so that the long axis, T, of the specimen is parallel to the machine direction MD of the backsheet film material. The specimen of backsheet film  800  has a first machine direction edge  802 , a second machine direction edge  804 , a first cross direction edge  806 , and a second cross machine direction edge  808 , as shown in  FIG.  21   . The backsheet film layer  800  is then applied to the assembled elastics  718  and cuff material  700  so that the first machine direction edges  702 ,  802  and the first cross machine direction edges  706 ,  806  of the nonwoven  700  and backsheet film  800  are aligned with the stretched elastics  718  between the nonwoven  700  and backsheet film  800 , as shown in  FIG.  22   . Using a hand roller, adequate pressure is applied to the entire sample to make sure the adhesives  710  bond to the elastics  718 , nonwoven  700 , and backsheet film layers  800 . 
     The outer cuff is tested according to the method for Outer Cuffs in the Cuff Tensile Test described in the Test Methods section below. The force value on the 2 nd  unload cycle at 85% extension may be between 0.35 N and 1.0 N and/or the strain value at 0.05N on the 2 nd  unload cycle may be between 60% and 80%. 
     In still another form, pant diapers having waist openings may be constructed in accordance with the above-described methods and apparatuses, wherein the waist openings are configured to have a range of force characteristics that may be measured according to the Waist Stretch Test (Pants) recited below. In some embodiments, the waist hoop length at 2000 gf may be between 200 and 800 mm; may be between 500 and 700 mm; and may be from 550 to 670 mm and/or the unload force at a waist hoop length of 530 mm may be between 250 and 2000 gf; may be between 300 and 1500 gf; and may be between 350 and 1150 gf. 
     In yet another form, taped diapers having back ears may be constructed in accordance with the above-described methods and apparatuses, wherein the back ears are configured to have a range of force characteristics that may be measured according to the Waist Stress-Relaxation Test (Taped Diapers) recited below. In some embodiments, the elongation values at 4N force during the loading cycle may be between 30 mm and 110 mm; may be between 50 mm and 100 mm; and may be between 70 mm and 90 mm. The elongation values at 10N force during the loading cycle may be between 60 mm and 180 mm; may be between 100 mm and 165 mm; and may be between 135 mm and 150 mm. The force at 60 minutes, F 60 , after reaching the maximum elongation as described below according to Step 2 of the Waist Stress-Relaxation Test (Taped Diapers) may be greater than 45% of the maximum force, F max , which may be measured at the maximum elongation. 
     Test Methods Section 
     Cuff Tensile Test 
     A suitable tensile tester such as an MTS Alliance with MTS Testworks version 4.0 or equivalent instrument is used. The tester is equipped with grips that are at least as wide as the width of specimens to be tested, lined with one rubber-coated face and one contact line face for both upper and lower grips. A load cell is used so that the maximum load measured is within 10-90% of the maximum capacity of the load cell. The instrument is calibrated according to the manufacturer&#39;s specification. 
     Pitch Length 
     A disposable product is held in a flat horizontal configuration by tapes or other suitable means. Two cuts are made along the entire length of the product 12.5 mm on either side of the longitudinal centerline. Each straight cut is made vertically through the entire product along its length from the front edge to the rear edge. The central 25 mm wide strip is removed and the topsheet is cut along the transverse centerline. The length of the specimen along the longitudinal centerline is determined to within ±1 mm under minimal tension. This is the measured pitch length of the product. The adjusted pitch length is the measured pitch length minus the combined length of any material held above or below the upper and lower grip lines in the tensile tester, respectively. Thus, if a specimen is mounted in the tensile tester so that 10 mm at each end of the specimen protrudes past the contact line in the clamps, then the adjusted pitch length is the measured pitch length minus 20 mm 
     Outer Cuffs: 
     A disposable product is held in a flat horizontal configuration by tapes or other suitable means. Outer cuff specimens are cut from the product using a sharp blade. The cuts are made parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the product between the inner and outer cuffs so that the specimens contain all of the outer cuff elastics, but none of the inner cuff material. Each straight cut is made vertically through the entire product along its entire length from the front edge to the rear edge, and all material in the specimen in addition to the cuff (including any nonwoven, topsheet, glue, core, backsheet, etc) is retained in the specimen. 
     Inner Cuffs: 
     A disposable product is held in a flat horizontal configuration by tapes or other suitable means. Inner cuff specimens are cut from the product using a sharp blade. The entire inner cuffs are cut along the length of the product immediately above the bond joining the cuff to the topsheet, backsheet or other diaper component. 
     Testing is performed at 23° C.±2° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity. 
     Test Procedure: 
     The gauge length is set to enable the specimen to be mounted with minimal slack so that approximately 10 mm at each end of the specimen protrudes past the contact line in the clamp. The load cell must read between 0 and 0.04 N of force after mounting the sample. If the value exceeds 0.04 N, then the gauge length is reduced in 1 mm increments until the force is between 0 and 0.04 N. A 5.0 gram-force pre-load is applied to the specimen using a crosshead speed of 0.5 inches/minute. The adjusted gauge length of the specimen is the distance between the grip lines when the five gram pre-load is reached. The sample is then extended to 95% of the adjusted pitch length at 254 mm/min (1 st  load cycle), and held at that elongation for 5 seconds. The crosshead is then returned to the adjusted gauge length at 254 mm/min (1 st  unload cycle) and held for 5 seconds. The sample is again extended to 95% of the adjusted pitch length at 254 mm/min (2 nd  load cycle), and held at that elongation for 5 seconds. The crosshead is then returned to the adjusted gauge length at 254 mm/min (2 nd  unload cycle). 
     Waist Stretch Test (Pants) 
     A suitable tensile tester such as an MTS Alliance with MTS Testworks version 4.0 or equivalent is used. The tester is equipped with hook-shaped fixtures  900 A,  900 B according to the dimensions specified in  FIG.  23   . The fixtures  900 A,  900 B are mounted and aligned on the tensile tester so that the arms A and B as shown in  FIG.  24    are horizontal and lie in the same vertical plane. A load cell is used so that the maximum load measured is within 10-90% of the maximum capacity of the load cell. The instrument is calibrated according to the manufacturer&#39;s specification. Testing is performed at 23° C.±2° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity. 
     Test Procedure: 
     Step 1: 
     A sample product is removed from its package and carefully opened to avoid stretching any portion of the product. The crosshead of the tensile tester is raised to a point where the product can be mounted on the upper fixture arm by inserting the free end of the arm through the waist opening of the product, and then through a first leg opening, so that the product hangs freely from the upper arm. The product is positioned on the arm so that the side-panel is centered with respect to the vertical axis of the load cell. 
     The load cell of the instrument is tared with the product hanging freely from the upper arm. The crosshead is then lowered to a point where the lower fixture arm can be inserted through the waist opening of the product and then through the second leg opening without stretching any portion of the product. The product is positioned so that both side panels are centered with respect to the vertical axis of the load cell, and there is no tension in the waist of the product (i.e. there is slack in the waist). The crosshead is then moved up at a speed of 254 mm/min until a load of 2000 gf is obtained (1 st  cycle load), and the position of the crosshead is recorded. The crosshead is stopped and held for 30 seconds, then returned to its original position at a speed of 254 mm/min (1 st  cycle unload). 
     Waist Stress-Relaxation Test (Taped Diapers) 
     A suitable tensile tester such as an MTS Alliance with MTS Testworks version 4.0 or equivalent instrument is used. The tester is equipped with grips that are at least as wide as the width of specimens to be tested, lined with one rubber-coated face and one contact line face for both upper and lower grips. A load cell is used so that the maximum load measured is within 10-90% of the maximum capacity of the load cell. The instrument is calibrated according to the manufacturer&#39;s specification. 
     Testing is performed at 23° C.±2° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity. 
     Test Procedure: 
     Step 1: 
     A sample product is removed from its package and carefully opened to avoid stretching any of the waist or side-panel materials. The gauge length of the tensile tester is set to 30 mm less than the width of the product at a line bisecting the tape tabs when the product is laid flat without stretching any of the waist or side-panel materials. This is the base gauge length. The tape tabs are opened and each tape is mounted in a separate grip on the tensile tester with the grip line immediately adjacent the bond attaching the tape to the rest of the product. 
     A 5.0 gram-force pre-load is applied to the sample using a crosshead speed of 0.5 inches/minute. When the five gram pre-load is reached this is the adjusted gauge length. The sample is then immediately extended at a crosshead speed of 508 mm/min [20 in/min] (load cycle) until a force of 15 N is observed. The crosshead is then stopped and returned to the base gauge length at a speed of 508 mm/min (unload cycle), and the sample is removed from the grips. The elongation values at 4 N and 10 N during the load cycle, based on the adjusted gauge length, are recorded. 
       Δ L   4N =(gauge length at 4  N  during load cycle)−(adjusted gauge length)
 
       Δ L   10N =(gauge length at 10 N  during load cycle)−(adjusted gauge length)
 
     Step 2: 
     A second identical product is removed from its package and carefully opened to avoid stretching any of the waist or side-panel materials. The tape tabs are opened and each tape is mounted in a separate grip on the tensile tester at the base gauge length as described in Step 1 above. The sample is then extended at a crosshead speed of 508 mm/min (load cycle) until the same % elongation is achieved as in Step 1, based on the adjusted gauge length in Step 1. The crosshead is then stopped and held in this position for 60 minutes. The maximum force observed during the Step 2 load cycle (F max ), and the force at 60 minutes after reaching the maximum % elongation in Step 2 (F 60 ) are recorded. 
     The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.” 
     Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern. 
     While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.