Patent Publication Number: US-2023152340-A1

Title: System for prioritization of collecting and analyzing liquid samples

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/441,447, titled “SYSTEM FOR PRIORITIZATION OF COLLECTING AND ANALYZING LIQUID SAMPLES” filed Jun. 14, 2019, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/685,664, titled “SYSTEM FOR PRIORITIZATION OF COLLECTING AND ANALYZING LIQUID SAMPLES” filed Jun. 15, 2018. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/441,447 and Provisional Application No. 62/685,664 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     In many laboratory settings, it is often necessary to analyze a large number of chemical or biological samples at one time. In order to streamline such processes, the manipulation of samples has been mechanized. Such mechanized sampling can be referred to as autosampling and can be performed using an automated sampling device, or autos ampler. 
     Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometry is an analysis technique commonly used for the determination of trace element concentrations and isotope ratios in liquid samples. ICP spectrometry employs electromagnetically generated partially ionized argon plasma which reaches a temperature of approximately 7,000K. When a sample is introduced to the plasma, the high temperature causes sample atoms to become ionized or emit light. Since each chemical element produces a characteristic mass or emission spectrum, measuring the spectra of the emitted mass or light allows the determination of the elemental composition of the original sample. 
     Sample introduction systems may be employed to introduce the liquid samples into the ICP spectrometry instrumentation (e.g., an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP/ICP-MS), an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), or the like), or other sample detector or analytic instrumentation for analysis. For example, a sample introduction system may withdraw an aliquot of a liquid sample from a container and thereafter transport the aliquot to a nebulizer that converts the aliquot into a polydisperse aerosol suitable for ionization in plasma by the ICP spectrometry instrumentation. The aerosol is then sorted in a spray chamber to remove the larger aerosol particles. Upon leaving the spray chamber, the aerosol is introduced into the plasma by a plasma torch assembly of the ICP-MS or ICP-AES instruments for analysis. 
     SUMMARY 
     Systems and methods are described to determine a prioritization schedule for samples handled by a system with multiple remote sampling systems. A system embodiment includes, but is not limited to, an analysis system at a first location; one or more remote sampling systems at remote from the first location, the one or more remote sampling systems configured to receive a liquid segment and transfer a liquid sample to the analysis system via a transfer line; and a controller communicatively coupled with the analysis system and the one or more remote sampling systems, the controller configured to assign a priority value to a sample for analysis by the analysis system and to manage a queue of samples received from at the one or more remote sampling systems on the basis of the assigned priority value. 
     This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       The Detailed Description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. Any dimensions included in the accompanying figures are provided by way of example only and are not meant to limit the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  1    is a partial line diagram illustrating a system configured to analyze samples transported over long distances in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2 A  is an environmental view illustrating a remote sampling device used in a remote sampling system, in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2 B  is an environmental view illustrating a remote sampling device used in a remote sampling system, in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3 A  is an environmental view illustrating an analysis device used in an analysis system, in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3 B  is an environmental view illustrating an analysis device used in an analysis system, in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    is a partial line diagram illustrating an analysis system within the system configured to analyze samples transported over long distances in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    is a partial line diagram illustrating a detector that can be utilized within the analysis system shown in  FIG.  4    in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    is an environmental view illustrating an analysis system having a plurality of analysis devices to analyze a sample received from a remote sampling system in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    is a diagrammatic illustration of a system including a sample receiving line and detectors configured to determine when the sample receiving line contains a continuous liquid segment between the detectors in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    is a partial cross section of a sample transfer line containing multiple segments of a sample obtained by a remote sampling system in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  9    is timeline illustrating multiple liquid sample segments supplied to a sample receiving line and registered by two detectors in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  10    is a flow diagram illustrating a method for determining when a sample receiving line contains a continuous liquid segment between detectors in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  11    is a process flow diagram of a control system for monitoring and controlling process operations based on chemical detection limits in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  12    is a schematic diagram of a processing facility incorporating a plurality of remote sampling systems in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  13    is a chart illustrating metallic contamination of a chemical bath over time, with data points representing manual sampling and data points obtained with an automatic system in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  14    is a table illustrating prioritization list of priority values for sample identities in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring generally to  FIGS.  1  through  13   , example systems configured to analyze samples transported over long distances are described. In example embodiments, one or more samples can be analyzed by multiple analysis systems, where such analysis systems can comprise differing analysis techniques. A system  100  includes an analysis system  102  at a first location. The system  100  can also include one or more remote sampling systems  104  at a second location remote from the first location. For instance, the one or more remote sampling systems  104  can be positioned proximate a source of chemical, such as a chemical storage tank, a chemical treatment tank (e.g., a chemical bath), a chemical transport line or pipe, or the like (e.g., the second location), to be analyzed by the analysis system  102 , where the analysis system  102  can be positioned remote from the remote sampling system(s)  104 , such as an analysis hub for a production facility (e.g., the first location). The system  100  can also include one or more remote sampling system(s)  104  at a third location, a fourth location, and so forth, where the third location and/or the fourth location are remote from the first location. In implementations, the third location, the fourth location, and other locations of the remote sampling systems  104  can be remote from respective other locations of other remote sampling systems  104 . For example, one remote sampling system  104  can be positioned at a water line (e.g., a deionized water transport line), whereas one or more other remote sampling systems  104  can be positioned at a chemical storage tank, a chemical treatment tank (e.g., a chemical bath), a chemical transport line or pipe, or the like. In some embodiments, the system  100  also may include one or more remote sampling system(s)  104  at the first location (e.g., proximate to the analysis system  102 ). For example, a sampling system  104  at the first location may include an autosampler coupled with the analysis system  102 . The one or more sampling systems  104  can be operable to receive samples from the first location, the second location, the third location, the fourth location, and so forth, and the system  100  can be operable to deliver the samples to the analysis system  102  for analysis. 
     A remote sampling system  104  can be configured to receive a sample  150  and prepare the sample  150  for delivery (e.g., to the analysis system  102 ) and/or analysis. In embodiments, the remote sampling system  104  can be disposed various distances from the analysis system  102  (e.g., 1 m, 5 m, 10 m, 30 m, 50 m, 100 m, 300 m, 1000 m, etc.). In implementations, the remote sampling system  104  can include a remote sampling device  106  and a sample preparation device  108 . The sample preparation device  108  may further include a valve  148 , such as a flow-through valve. In implementations, the remote sampling device  106  can include a device configured for collecting a sample  150  from a sample stream or source (e.g., a liquid, such as waste water, rinse water, chemical, industrial chemical, etc., a gas, such as an air sample and/or contaminants therein to be contacted with a liquid, or the like). The remote sampling device  106  can include components, such as pumps, valves, tubing, sensors, etc., suitable for acquiring the sample from the sample source and delivering the sample over the distance to the analysis system  102 . The sample preparation device  108  can include a device configured to prepare a collected sample  150  from the remote sampling device  106  using a diluent  114 , an internal standard  116 , a carrier  154 , etc., such as to provide particular sample concentrations, spiked samples, calibration curves, or the like, and can rinse with a rinse solution  158 . 
     In some embodiments, a sample  150  may be prepared (e.g., prepared sample  152 ) for delivery and/or analysis using one or more preparation techniques, including, but not necessarily limited to: dilution, pre-concentration, the addition of one or more calibration standards, and so forth. For example, a viscous sample  150  can be remotely diluted (e.g., by sample preparation device  108 ) before being delivered to the analysis system  102  (e.g., to prevent the sample  150  from separating during delivery). As described herein, a sample that has been transferred from the remote sampling system  104  can be referred to as a sample  150 , where sample  150  can also refer to a prepared sample  152 . In some embodiments, sample dilution may be dynamically adjusted (e.g., automatically adjusted) to move sample(s)  150  through the system at a desired rate. For instance, diluent  114  added to a particular sample or type of sample is increased when a sample  150  moves through the system  100  too slowly (e.g., as measured by the transfer time from the second location to the first location). In another example, one liter (1 L) of seawater can be remotely pre-concentrated before delivery to the analysis system  102 . In a further example, electrostatic concentration is used on material from an air sample to pre-concentrate possible airborne contaminants. In some embodiments, in-line dilution and/or calibration is automatically performed by the system  100 . For instance, a sample preparation device  108  can add one or more internal standards to a sample delivered to the analysis system  102  to calibrate the analysis system  102 . 
     In embodiments of the disclosure, the analysis system  102  can include a sample collector  110  and/or sample detector  130  configured to collect a sample  150  from a sample transfer line  144  coupled between the analysis system  102  and one or more remote sampling systems  104 . The sample collector  110  and/or the sample detector  130  can include components, such as pumps, valves, tubing, ports, sensors, etc., to receive the sample  150  from one or more of the remote sampling systems  104  (e.g., via one or more sample transfer lines  144 ). For example, where the system  100  includes multiple remote sampling systems  104 , each remote sampling system can include a dedicated sample transfer line  144  to couple to a separate portion of the sample collector  110  or to a separate sample collector  110  of the analysis system  102 . Additionally, the analysis system  102  may include a sampling device  160  configured to collect a sample  150  that is local to the analysis system  102  (e.g., a local autosampler). 
     The analysis system  102  also includes at least one analysis device  112  configured to analyze samples to determine trace element concentrations, isotope ratios, and so forth (e.g., in liquid samples). For example, the analysis device  112  can include ICP spectrometry instrumentation including, but not limited to, an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP/ICP-MS), an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), or the like. In embodiments, the analysis system  102  includes a plurality of analysis devices  112  (i.e., more than one analysis device). For example, the system  100  and/or the analysis system  102  can include multiple sampling loops, with each sampling loop introducing a portion of the sample to the plurality of analysis devices  112 . As another example, the system  100  and/or the analysis system  102  can be configured with a multiposition valve, such that a single sample can be rapidly and serially introduced to the plurality of analysis devices  112 . For example,  FIG.  6    shows one remote sampling system  104  in fluid communication with the analysis system  102 , wherein the analysis system  102  includes a multiposition valve  600  coupled with three analysis devices (shown as ICPMS  602 , ion chromatograph (IC) Column  604 , and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)  606 ) for analysis of the sample received from the remote sampling system  104 . While  FIG.  6    shows an embodiment where the analysis system  102  includes three analysis devices, the analysis system  102  can include fewer (e.g., less than three) or more (e.g., more than three) analysis devices  112 . In embodiments, the analysis devices  112  can include, but are not limited to, ICPMS (e.g., for trace metal determinations), ICPOES (e.g., for trace metal determinations), ion chromatograph (e.g., for anion and cation determinations), liquid chromatograph (LC) (e.g., for organic contaminants determinations), FTIR infrared (e.g., for chemical composition and structural information determinations), particle counter (e.g., for detection of undissolved particles), moisture analyzer (e.g., for detection of water in samples), gas chromatograph (GC) (e.g., for detection of volatile components), or the like. In embodiments, the plurality of analysis devices  112  can be located at the same location as the remote sampling device  104 , while the system  100  can include one or more additional analysis devices  112  located remotely from the remote sampling system  104  for additional or differing sample analysis than those analys(es) performed by the plurality of analysis devices  112 . Alternatively or additionally, the plurality of analysis devices  112  can be located at a different location than the remote sampling system  104 . 
     The system  100  and/or analysis system  102  can be configured to report analyte concentration at a location over time (shown further below with reference to  FIG.  13   ). In some embodiments, the analysis device  112  may be configured to detect one or more trace metals in a sample  150 . In other embodiments, the analysis device  112  may be configured for ion chromatography. For example, ions and/or cations can be collected in a sample  150  and delivered to a chromatograph analysis device  112 . In further embodiments, organic molecules, proteins, and so on, can be collected in samples and delivered to a high resolution time-of-flight (HR-ToF) mass spectrometer analysis device  112  (e.g., using a nebulizer  156 ). Thus, systems as described herein can be used for various applications, including, but not necessarily limited to: pharmaceutical applications (e.g., with a central mass spectrometer analysis device connected to multiple pharmaceutical reactors), waste monitoring of one or more waste streams, semiconductor fabrication facilities, and so forth. For example, a waste stream may be continuously monitored for contaminants and diverted to a tank when a contaminant is detected. As another example, one or more chemical streams can be continuously monitored via analysis of the samples obtained by one or more of the remote sampling systems  104  linked to the analysis system  102 , whereby a contamination limit can be set for each of the chemical streams. Upon detection of a contaminant exceeding the contamination limit for a particular stream, the system  100  can provide an alert. 
     The remote sampling system  104  can be configured to selectively couple with at least one sample transfer line  144  so that the remote sampling system  104  is operable to be in fluid communication with the sample transfer line  144  for supplying a continuous liquid sample segment  150  to the sample transfer line  144 . For example, the remote sampling system  104  may be configured to collect a sample  150  and supply the sample  150  to the sample transfer line  144  using, for instance, a flow-through valve  148 , coupling the remote sampling system  104  to the sample transfer line  144 . The supply of the sample  150  to the sample transfer line  144  can be referred to as a “pitch.” The sample transfer line  144  can be coupled with a gas supply  146  and can be configured to transport gas from the second location (and possibly the third location, the fourth location, and so forth) to the first location. In this manner, liquid sample segments supplied by the remote sampling system  104  are collected in a gas stream, and transported to the location of the analysis system  102  using gas pressure sample transfer. 
     In some embodiments, gas in the sample transfer line  144  can include an inert gas, including, but not necessarily limited to: nitrogen gas, argon gas, and so forth. In some embodiments, the sample transfer line  144  may include an unsegmented or minimally segmented tube having an inside diameter of eight-tenths of a millimeter (0.8 mm). However, an inside diameter of eight-tenths of a millimeter is provided by way of example only and is not meant to limit the present disclosure. In other embodiments, the sample transfer line  144  may include an inside diameter greater than eight-tenths of a millimeter and/or an inside diameter less than eight-tenths of a millimeter. In some embodiments, pressure in the sample transfer line  144  can range from at least approximately four (4) bar to ten (10) bar. However, this range is provided by way of example only and is not meant to limit the present disclosure. In other embodiments, pressure in the sample transfer line  144  may be greater than ten bar and/or less than four bar. Further, in some specific embodiments, the pressure in the sample transfer line  144  may be adjusted so that samples  150  are dispensed in a generally upward direction (e.g., vertically). Such vertical orientation can facilitate transfer of a sample collected at a location that is lower than the analysis system  102  (e.g., where sample source(s) and remote sampling system(s) are located “downstairs” relative to the analysis system  102 ). 
     In some examples, the sample transfer line  144  can be coupled with a remote sampling system  104  in fluid communication with a first liquid bath (or chemical bath) and an analysis system  102  in fluid communication with a second liquid bath (or chemical bath). In embodiments of the disclosure, the system  100  may include one or more leak sensors (e.g., mounted in a trough) to prevent or minimize overflow at the first location and/or one or more remote locations (e.g., the second location, the third location, the fourth location, and so forth). A pump, such as a syringe pump or a vacuum pump, may be used to load sample into the sampling device  106 . A valve  148  may be used to select the sample  150  at the remote sampling system  104 , and the sample  150  can be supplied to the sample transfer line  144 , which can deliver the sample  150  to the analysis system  102  at the first location. Another pump, such as a diaphragm pump, may be used to pump a drain on the analysis system  102  and pull the sample  150  from the sample transfer line  144 . 
     The system  100  can be implemented as an enclosed sampling system, where the gas and samples in the sample transfer line  144  are not exposed to the surrounding environment. For example, a housing and/or a sheath can enclose one or more components of the system  100 . In some embodiments, one or more sample lines of the remote sampling system  104  may be cleaned between sample deliveries. Further, the sample transfer line  144  may be cleaned (e.g., using a cleaning solution) between samples  150 . 
     The sample transfer line  144  can be configured to selectively couple with a sample receiving line  162  (e.g., a sample loop  164 ) at the first location so that the sample loop  164  is operable to be in fluid communication with the sample transfer line  144  to receive a continuous liquid sample segment. The delivery of the continuous liquid sample segment to the sample loop  164  can be referred to as a “catch.” The sample loop  164  is also configured to selectively couple with the analysis device  112  so that the sample loop  164  is operable to be in fluid communication with the analysis device  112  to supply the continuous liquid sample segment to the analysis device  112  (e.g., when the system  100  has determined that a sufficient liquid sample segment is available for analysis by the analysis system  102 ). In embodiments of the disclosure, the analysis system  102  can include one or more detectors configured to determine that the sample loop  164  contains a sufficient amount of the continuous liquid sample segment for analysis by the analysis system  102 . In one example, a sufficient amount of the continuous liquid sample can include enough liquid sample to send to the analysis device  112 . Another example of a sufficient amount of the continuous liquid sample can include a continuous liquid sample in the sample receiving line  162  between a first detector  126  and a second detector  128  (e.g., as shown in  FIG.  7   ). In implementations, the first detector  126  and/or the second detector  128  may include a light analyzer  132 , an optical sensor  134 , a conductivity sensor  136 , a metal sensor  138 , a conducting sensor  140 , and/or a pressure sensor  142 . It is contemplated that the first detector  126  and/or the second detector  128  may include other sensors. For example, the first detector  126  may include a light analyzer  132  that detects when the sample  150  enters the sample loop  164 , and the second detector  128  may include another light analyzer  132  that detects when the sample loop  164  is filled. This example can be referred to as a “successful catch.” It should be noted that the light analyzers  132  are provided by way of example only and are not meant to limit the present disclosure. Other example detectors include, but are not necessarily limited to: optical sensors, conductivity sensors, metal sensors, conducting sensors, pressure sensors, and so on. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7   , systems  100  are described that can determine when a continuous liquid sample segment is contained in a sample receiving line  162  and/or when a sample loop  164  contains a sufficient amount of the continuous liquid sample segment for analysis (e.g., by the analysis system  102 ). In example embodiments, a first detector  126  can be configured to determine two or more states, which can represent the presence of liquid (e.g., a liquid sample segment) at a first location in the sample receiving line  162 , the absence of liquid at the first location in the sample receiving line  162 , and so forth. For example, a first state (e.g., represented by a first logic level, such as a high state) can be used to represent the presence of a liquid sample segment at the first location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., proximate to the first detector  126 ), and a second state (e.g., represented by a second logic level, such as a low state) can be used to represent the absence of a liquid sample segment at the first location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., a void or gas in the sample receiving line  162 ). 
     In some embodiments, a first detector  126  comprising a pressure sensor  142  can be used to detect the presence of liquid at the first location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., by detecting an increase in pressure in the sample receiving line  162  proximate to the first location when liquid is present). The first detector  126  can also be used to detect the absence of liquid at the first location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., by detecting a decrease in pressure in the sample receiving line  162  proximate to the first location). However, a pressure sensor is provided by way of example and is not meant to limit the present disclosure. In other embodiments, a first detector  126  comprising an optical sensor  134  can be used to detect the presence of liquid at the first location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., by detecting a reduction in light passing through the sample receiving line  162  proximate to the first location when liquid is present). The first detector  126  can also be used to detect the absence of liquid at the first location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., by detecting an increase in light passing through the sample receiving line  162  proximate to the first location). In these examples, the first detector  126  can report the presence of liquid sample at the first location as a high state and the absence of liquid sample at the first location as a low state. 
     In some embodiments, a system  100  may also include one or more additional detectors, such as a second detector  128 , a third detector, and so forth. For example, a second detector  128  can also be configured to determine two or more states, which can represent the presence of liquid (e.g., a liquid sample segment) at a second location in the sample receiving line  162 , the absence of liquid at the second location in the sample receiving line  162 , and so forth. For example, a first state (e.g., represented by a first logic level, such as a high state) can be used to represent the presence of a liquid sample segment at the second location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., proximate to the second detector  128 ), and a second state (e.g., represented by a second logic level, such as a low state) can be used to represent the absence of a liquid sample segment at the second location in the sample receiving line  162 . 
     In some embodiments, a second detector  128  comprising a pressure sensor  142  can be used to detect the presence of liquid at the second location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., by detecting an increase in pressure in the sample receiving line  162  proximate to the second location when liquid is present). The second detector  128  can also be used to detect the absence of liquid at the second location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., by detecting a decrease in pressure in the sample receiving line  162  proximate to the second location). However, a pressure sensor is provided by way of example and is not meant to limit the present disclosure. In other embodiments, a second detector  128  comprising an optical sensor  134  can be used to detect the presence of liquid at the second location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., by detecting a reduction in light passing through the sample receiving line  162  proximate to the second location when liquid is present). The second detector  128  can also be used to detect the absence of liquid at the second location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., by detecting an increase in light passing through the sample receiving line  162  proximate to the second location). In these examples, the second detector  128  can report the presence of liquid sample at the second location as a high state and the absence of liquid sample at the second location as a low state. 
     A controller  118  can be communicatively coupled with one or more detector(s)  126  and configured to register liquid at the first location in the sample receiving line  162 , the second location in the sample receiving line  162 , another location in the sample receiving line  162 , and so on. For example, the controller  118  initiates a detection operation using a first detector  126 , and liquid at the first location in the sample receiving line  162  can be registered by the controller  118  (e.g., when the controller  118  registers a change of state from low to high as determined by the first detector  126 ). Then, the first detector  126  may be monitored (e.g., continuously, at least substantially continuously), and the controller  118  can subsequently register an absence of liquid at the first location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., when the controller  118  registers a change of state from high to low as determined by the first detector  126 ). 
     Similarly, the controller  118  can also initiate a detection operation using a second detector  128 , and liquid at the second location in the sample receiving line  162  can be registered by the controller  118  (e.g., when the controller  118  registers a change of state from low to high as determined by the second detector  128 ). Then, the second detector  128  may be monitored (e.g., continuously, at least substantially continuously), and the controller  118  can subsequently register an absence of liquid at the second location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., when the controller  118  registers a change of state from high to low as determined by the second detector  128 ). 
     The controller  118  and/or one or more detectors  126  can include or influence the operation of a timer to provide timing of certain events (e.g., presence or absence of liquids at particular times at multiple locations in the sample receiving line  162 ) for the system  100 . As an example, the controller  118  can monitor the times at which changes of state are registered by the various detector(s) in order to make determinations as to whether to allow the liquid sample to be directed to the analysis system  102  (e.g., as opposed to directing the liquid to waste or a holding loop). As another example, the controller  118  can monitor the time that a liquid spends in the sample receiving line  162  and/or the sample loop  164  based upon the change of states registered by the controller  118  via the detector(s)  126 . 
     Liquid Sample Segment Interruption &amp; Determination of Suitable Liquid Segment 
     Generally, when a sample is obtained proximate an associated analysis device (e.g., an autosampler next to an analysis device), the sample can span the entire distance between the sample source and the analysis device without requiring substantial sample amounts. However, for long-distance transfer of a sample, filling the entire transfer line  144  between with the remote sampling system  104  and the analysis system  102  (e.g., up to hundreds of meters of sample length) could be prohibitive or undesirable, such as due to environmental concerns with disposing unused sample portions, viscosity of the sample, or the like. Accordingly, in embodiments, the remote sampling system  104  does not fill the entire transfer line  144  with sample, rather, a liquid sample segment representing a fraction of the total transfer line  144  volume is sent through the transfer line  144  for analysis by the analysis system  102 . For example, while the transfer line  144  can be up to hundreds of meters long, the sample may occupy about a meter or less of the transfer line  144  at any given time during transit to the analysis system  102 . While sending liquid sample segments through the line can reduce the amount of sample sent from the remote sample systems  104 , the sample can incur bubbles or gaps/voids in the sample transfer line  144  during transit to the analysis system  102 . Such bubbles or gaps/voids can form due to circumstances associated with long-distance transfer of the sample such as changes in orifices between tubing during transit, due to interaction with residual cleaning fluid used to clean the lines between samples, due to reactions with residual fluid in the lines, due to pressure differential(s) along the span of transfer line, or the like. For example, as shown in  FIG.  8   , a liquid sample  800  can be sent from the remote sampling system  104  through the transfer line  144  to the first location where the analysis system  102  is located. The volume of the total sample obtained by the remote sampling system  104  is represented by V TOT  in  FIG.  8   . As shown, gaps or voids  802  can form in the transfer line  144  during transit from the remote sampling system  104 . The gaps or voids  802  partition a number of sample segments  804  that do not contain sufficient amounts or volume of sample for analysis by the analysis system  102 . Such sample segments  804  can precede and/or follow a larger sample segment  806  having a volume (shown as V SAMPLE ) sufficient for analysis by the analysis system  102 . In embodiments, the quantity of sample collected by the remote sampling system  104  (e.g., V TOT ) is adjusted to provide a sufficient amount of sample  150  for analysis by the analysis device  112 . For instance, the volumetric ratio of the amount of sample  150  “pitched” to the amount of sample  150  “caught” (e.g., V TOT /V SAMPLE ) is at least approximately one and one-quarter (1.25). However, this ratio is provided by way of example only and is not meant to limit the present disclosure. In some embodiments the ratio is greater than one and one-quarter, and in other embodiments the ratio is less than one and one-quarter. In one example, two and one-half milliliters (2.5 mL) of sample  150  (e.g., concentrated sulfuric acid or nitric acid) is pitched, and one milliliter (1 mL) of sample  150  is caught. In another example, one and one-half milliliters (1.5 mL) of sample  150  is pitched, and one milliliter (1 mL) of sample  150  is caught. In embodiments of the disclosure, the amount of sample  150  “pitched” is adjusted to account for the distance between the first location and the second location, the amount of sample transfer line tubing between the first location and the second location, the pressure in the sample transfer line  144 , and so forth. In general, the ratio of V TOT /V SAMPLE  can be greater than one to account for the formation of the gaps/voids  802  and sample segments  804  in the sample transfer line  144  during transfer. 
     The system  100  can select which of a plurality of remote sampling systems  104  should transmit its respective sample to the analysis system  102  (e.g., “pitch”), whereby the detectors  126  facilitate determination of whether sufficient sample is present (e.g., V SAMPLE  in the sample loop  164 ) to send to the analysis system  102  (e.g., “catch”), or whether a void or gap is present in the line (e.g., between the detectors  126 ), such that the sample should not be sent to the analysis system  102  at that particular time. If bubbles or gaps were to be present (e.g., in the sample loop  164 ), their presence could compromise the accuracy of the analysis of the sample, particularly if the sample were to be diluted or further diluted at the analysis system  102  prior to introduction to the analysis device  112 , since the analysis device  112  could analyze a “blank” solution. 
     In some embodiments, a system  100  can be configured to determine when a continuous liquid sample segment (e.g., sample segment  806 ) is contained in a sample receiving line  162  and/or a sample loop  164 , such that the system  100  can avoid transferring a gap or void  802  or smaller sample segment  804  to the analysis device  112 . For example, the system  100  can include a first detector  126  at a first location along the sample receiving line  162  and a second detector  128  at a second location along the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., downstream from the first location). The system  100  may also include a sample loop  164  between the first detector  126  and the second detector  128 . In embodiments, a valve, such as a multi-port valve switchable between at least two flow path configurations (e.g., a first flow path configuration of valve  148  shown in  FIG.  3 A ; a second flow path configuration of valve  148  shown in  FIG.  3 B , etc.), can be positioned between the first detector  126  and the sample loop  164  and between the second detector  128  and the sample loop  164 . In embodiments of the disclosure, the system  100  can determine that a continuous liquid sample segment is contained in the sample receiving line  162  and/or the sample loop  164  by registering liquid at both the first location and the second location at the same time, while not registering a change of state from high to low via the first detector  126  at the first location. Stated another way, the liquid sample has transferred from the first detector  126  to the second detector  128  continuously, with no change in state detected by the first detector  126  until the second detector  128  recognizes the presence of the liquid sample. 
     In an example implementation in which two or more detectors are used to determine when a sample receiving line contains a continuous liquid segment between the detectors, a liquid segment is received in a sample receiving line. For example, with reference to  FIG.  7   , sample receiving line  162  receives a liquid sample segment. Then, the liquid segment is registered at a first location in the sample receiving line by initiating a detection operation using a first detector configured to detect a presence and/or an absence of the liquid segment at the first location in the sample receiving line. For example, with reference to  FIG.  7   , the first detector  126  detects a liquid sample segment at the first location in the sample receiving line  162  as a change of state from low to high. With reference to  FIG.  9   , liquid sample segments can be detected at the first location at times t 1  and t 5 . Then, subsequent to registering the liquid segment at the first location, the first detector is monitored. For instance, with reference to  FIG.  7   , the first detector  126  is monitored by the controller  118 , and the first detector  126  detects an absence of the liquid sample segment at the first location in the sample receiving line  162  as a change of state from high to low. With reference to  FIG.  9   , the first location is monitored (e.g., continuously, at least substantially continuously) beginning at times t 1  and t 5 , and an absence of the liquid sample segments can be detected at the first location at times t 3  and t 6 . 
     Similarly, the liquid segment is registered at a second location in the sample receiving line by initiating a detection operation using a second detector configured to detect a presence and/or an absence of the liquid segment at the second location in the sample receiving line. For instance, with reference to  FIG.  7   , the second detector  128  detects a liquid sample segment at the second location in the sample receiving line  162  as a change of state from low to high. With reference to  FIG.  9   , liquid sample segments can be detected at the second location at times t 2  and t 7 . Then, subsequent to registering the liquid segment at the second location, the second detector is monitored. For instance, with reference to  FIG.  7   , the second detector  128  is monitored by the controller  118 , and the second detector  128  detects an absence of the liquid sample segment at the second location in the sample receiving line  162  as a change of state from high to low. With reference to  FIG.  9   , the second location is monitored (e.g., continuously, at least substantially continuously) beginning at times t 2  and t 7 , and an absence of the liquid sample segments can be detected at the second location at times t 4  and t 8 . 
     When liquid is registered at both the first location and the second location at the same time, a continuous liquid segment is registered in the sample receiving line between the first detector and the second detector. For instance, with reference to  FIG.  7   , when a high state represents the presence of a liquid sample segment at each of the first detector  126  and the second detector  128 , the controller  118  registers a continuous liquid sample segment in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., as present between the first detector  126  and the second detector  128 ). With reference to  FIG.  9   , a continuous liquid sample segment can be registered at time t 2  when a liquid sample segment is detected at the second location. 
     In some embodiments, a logical AND operation can be used to determine when a continuous liquid segment is registered in the sample receiving line and initiate transfer of the continuous liquid segment from the sample receiving line to analysis equipment. For instance, with reference to  FIG.  7   , the controller  118  can use a logical AND operation on a high state at each of the first detector  126  and the second detector  128  and initiate a selective coupling of the sample loop  164  with the analysis device  112  using the valve  148  so that the sample loop  164  is operable to be in fluid communication with the analysis device  112  to supply the continuous liquid sample segment to the analysis device  112 . In some embodiments, the controller  118  may only determine whether to switch the valve  148  to supply a continuous liquid sample segment to the analysis device  112  when a state change from low to high is registered at the first detector  126  or the second detector  128 . In some embodiments, the system  100  requires that the high state at the second detector  128  is maintained for a period of time (e.g., t Δ  shown in  FIG.  9   ) prior to initiating selective coupling of the sample loop  164  with the analysis device. For example, a timer or timing functionality of the controller  118  and/or processor  120  can verify the period of time that the second detector  128  has maintained the high state, whereby once the second detector  128  has maintained the high state for time t Δ  (e.g., a threshold time) and where the first detector is in the high state, the controller  118  can determine that a sufficient liquid sample segment (e.g., segment  806  in  FIG.  8   ) has been caught, and can switch the valve  148  to supply the continuous liquid sample segment to the analysis device  112 . The duration of t Δ  can correspond to a time period beyond which it is unlikely for the second detector to be measuring a void or bubble, which can vary depending on flow rate of the sample or other transfer conditions. 
     In some embodiments, the controller  118  can monitor the timing of the first detector  126  at the high state and/or at the low state. For example, in embodiments where the flow characteristics of the sample being transferred from the remote sampling system  104  are known, the first detector  126  can be monitored to determine the length of time spent in the high state to approximate whether sufficient liquid sample would be present in the sample receiving line  162  and/or the sample loop  164  to cause the controller  118  to send the sample to the analysis device  112 , either with or without confirmation of a high state at the second detector  128 . For example, for a given flow rate of the sample, the volume of the sample can be approximated by monitoring the length of time that the first detector  126  has been in the high state. However, the flow rate of a sample may not be readily apparent due to fluctuations in pump functionality, type of sample transferred, viscosity of sample, duration of transfer, distance of transfer, ambient temperature conditions, transfer line  144  temperature conditions, or the like, so the functionality of the second detector  128  can be informative. 
     In embodiments of the disclosure, the systems and techniques described herein can be used to determine that a portion of a sample receiving line (e.g., a sample loop) between the first detector  126  and the second detector  128  is filled without the presence of bubbles. For example, the absence of liquid sample at the first location between times t 3  and t 5  as described with reference to  FIG.  9    may correspond to the presence of a bubble in the sample receiving line  162 . When the system  100  has reached a condition where no bubbles would be present in the sample receiving line  162 , the controller  118  switches the valve  148  to allow the fluid in the sample loop  164  to pass to the analysis device  112  (for analysis or sample conditioning prior to analysis). 
     Example Method 
       FIG.  10    depicts a procedure  810  in an example implementation in which two detectors are used to determine when a sample receiving line contains a sufficient amount of sample in a continuous liquid sample segment for analysis by an analysis system, with no gaps or voids in the continuous liquid sample segment. As shown, a liquid segment is received in a sample receiving line (Block  812 ). For example, the sample receiving line  162  can receive the sample obtained by the remote sampling system  104  and transferred through transit line  144 . The procedure  810  also includes registering the liquid segment at a first location in the sample receiving line with a first detector configured to detect the presence and/or absence of the liquid segment as it travels past the first location (Block  814 ). For example, the first detector  126  can measure the presence of the liquid sample segment at the first location in the sample receiving line  162 . With reference to  FIG.  9   , liquid sample segments are detected at the first location at times t 1  and t 5 . 
     Next, subsequent to registering the liquid segment at the first location, the first detector is monitored (Block  816 ). For instance, the first detector  126  can be monitored by the controller  118  to determine whether there is an absence of the liquid segment at the first location in the sample receiving line  162  (e.g., whether the first detector  126  has transitioned from a high state, indicating detection of sample fluid, to a low state, wherein no sample fluid is detected). With reference to  FIG.  9   , the first location is monitored (e.g., continuously, at least substantially continuously) beginning at times t 1  and t 5 . Then, a continuous liquid segment is registered in the sample receiving line when an absence of the liquid segment at the first location in the sample receiving line is not registered before registering the liquid segment at a second location in the sample receiving line downstream from the first location by performing a detection operation using a second detector configured to detect a presence and/or an absence of the liquid segment at the second location (Block  818 ). For example, with reference to  FIG.  9   , the first detector  126  detects the presence of the sample fluid at times t 1  and t 5 , whereas the second detector  128  detects the presence of the sample fluid at times t 2  and t 7 . Only the liquid sample segment between times t 1  and t 3  at the first detector would be registered by the second detector (beginning at time t 2 ) without the first detector  126  detecting an absence in the interim time before the second detector detected that sample segment. At such time, the controller  118  could directed the valve  148  to switch to send the sample contained in the sample loop  164  to the analysis device  112 . While the first detector  126  registers the presence of the liquid sample at t 5 , the first detector also detects the absence of the liquid sample at t 6 , before the second detector  128  subsequently detects the presence of the liquid sample at t 7 . As such, the system  100  will recognize that a gap or void (e.g., gap/void  802 ) is present in the sample loop  164  and will not switch the valve  148  for analysis, instead allowing the inadequate sample segment (e.g., liquid segment  804 ) to pass to waste. As described herein, a timer (e.g., implemented by the controller  118 ) can be used to cause the valve  148  to switch once the second detector  128  has maintained the high state for a certain period of time (e.g., t Δ ) after the first detector  126  has maintained the high state in the interim. 
     Control Systems 
     A system  100 , including some or all of its components, can operate under computer control. For example, a processor  120  can be included with or in a system  100  to control the components and functions of systems described herein using software, firmware, hardware (e.g., fixed logic circuitry), manual processing, or a combination thereof. The terms “controller,” “functionality,” “service,” and “logic” as used herein generally represent software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of software, firmware, or hardware in conjunction with controlling the systems. In the case of a software implementation, the module, functionality, or logic represents program code that performs specified tasks when executed on a processor (e.g., central processing unit (CPU) or CPUs). The program code can be stored in one or more computer-readable memory devices (e.g., internal memory and/or one or more tangible media), and so on. The structures, functions, approaches, and techniques described herein can be implemented on a variety of commercial computing platforms having a variety of processors. 
     For instance, one or more components of the system, such as the analysis system  102 , remote sampling system  104 , valves  148 , pumps, and/or detectors (e.g., the first detector  126 , the second detector  128 , the sample detector  130 ) can be coupled with a controller for controlling the collection, delivery, and/or analysis of samples  150 . For example, the controller  118  can be configured to switch a valve  148  coupling the sample loop  164  to the analysis system  102  and direct a sample  150  from the sample loop  164  to the analysis system  102  when a successful “catch” is indicated by the first detector  126  and the second detector  128  (e.g., when both sensors detect liquid). Furthermore, the controller  118  can implement functionality to determine an “unsuccessful catch” (e.g., when the sample loop  164  is not filled with enough of a sample  150  for a complete analysis by the analysis system  102 ). In some embodiments, an “unsuccessful catch” is determined based upon, for instance, variations in the signal intensity of a signal received from a sensor, such as the first detector  126  or the second detector  128 . In other embodiments, an “unsuccessful catch” is determined when the first detector  126  has indicated a sample  150  in the sample receiving line  162  and a predetermined amount of time had passed in which the second detector  128  has not indicated a sample  150  in the sample receiving line  162 . 
     In some embodiments, the controller  118  is communicatively coupled with an indicator at a remote location, such as the second location, and provides an indication (e.g., an alert) at the second location when insufficient sample  150  is received at the first location. The indication can be used to initiate (e.g., automatically) additional sample collection and delivery. In some embodiments, the indicator provides an alert to an operator (e.g., via one or more indicator lights, via a display readout, a combination thereof, etc.). Further, the indication can be timed and/or initiated based upon a one or more predetermined conditions (e.g., only when multiple samples have been missed). In some embodiments, an indicator can also be activated based upon conditions measured at a remote sampling site. For instance, a detector  130  at the second location can be used to determine when sample  150  is being provided to a remote sampling system  104 , and the indicator can be activated when sample  150  is not being collected. 
     In some embodiments, the controller  118  is operable to provide different timing for the collection of samples from different remote locations, and/or for different types of samples  150 . For example, the controller  118  can be alerted when a remote sampling system  104  is ready to deliver a sample  150  to the sample transfer line  144 , and can initiate transfer of the sample  150  into the sample transfer line  144 . The controller  118  can also be communicatively coupled with one or more remote sampling systems  102  to receive (and possibly log/record) identifying information associated with samples  150 , and/or to control the order that samples  150  are delivered within the system  100 . For example, the controller  118  can remotely queue multiple samples  150  and coordinate their delivery through one or more of the sample transfer lines  144 . In this manner, delivery of samples  150  can be coordinated along multiple simultaneous flow paths (e.g., through multiple sample transfer lines  144 ), one or more samples  150  can be in transfer while one or more additional samples  150  are being taken, and so on. For example,  FIG.  11    shows an example control flow diagram for system  100 , where the analysis system  102  is shown in fluid communication with two remote sample locations, shown as sample location  900  and sample location  902 , via two remote sampling systems  104   a  and  104   b  and associated transfer lines  144   a  and  144   b.  In the embodiment shown, the analysis system  102  sends commands to each of the remote sampling system  104   a  and the remote sampling system  104   b,  shown as  904   a  and  904   b , respectively. The remote sampling system  104   a  and the remote sampling system  104   b  each transfer the sample obtained at the respective sampling location (sampling location  900  for remote sampling system  104   a,  sampling location  902  for remote sampling system  104   b ) to the analysis system  102  via transfer line  144   a  and transfer line  144   b , respectively. The analysis system  102  then processes the samples to determine amounts of various chemical species contained therein. The analysis system  102  then determines whether any of the amounts of the chemical species exceeds an element-specific limit (e.g., a limit for a specific contaminant in the sample). In embodiments, the system  100  can set contamination limits independently for each sampling location and for particular chemical species at each sampling location independently. For example, the tolerance for a particular metal contaminant may decrease during processing, so downstream chemical samples may have lower limits for the particular chemical species than for chemical samples taken upstream. As shown in  FIG.  11   , the analysis system  102  determined that no chemical species exceeds any of the element-specific limits for the sample obtained at sampling location  900  by the remote sampling system  104   a.  The analysis system  102  then sends a CIM Host  906  an indication, shown as  908   a,  to permit continuation of process applications at the sampling location  900  due to operation of the process applications below the element-specific limits. The analysis system  102  has determined that at least one of the chemical species present in the sample obtained at sampling location  902  by the remote sampling system  104   b  exceeds the element-specific limit (e.g., a limit for a contaminant in the sample). The analysis system  102  then sends the CIM Host  906  an indication, shown as  908   b,  to send an alert directed to the process applications at the sampling location  902  due to operation of the process applications above the element-specific limits. The CIM Host  906  then directs, via a stop process command  910 , the processes at the sampling location  902  to stop operation based upon the analysis of the sample obtained by the remote sampling system  104   b  at the sampling location  902 . In embodiments, communication between the CIM Host  906  and the components of the system  100  can be facilitated by the SECS/GEM protocol. In embodiments, the system  100  can include context-specific actions when an element is determined to be above an element-specific limit in a sample for a particular sample location, where such context-specific actions can include, but are not limited to, ignoring an alert and continuing the process operation, stopping the process operation, running a system calibration and then re-running the over-limit sample, or the like. For example, upon a first alert, the analysis system  102  can perform a calibration (or another calibration) and then re-run the sample, whereas a subsequent alert (e.g., a second alert) would cause the CIM Host  906  to command the processes at the offending sampling location to halt operations. 
     The controller  118  can include a processor  120 , a memory  122 , and a communications interface  124 . The processor  120  provides processing functionality for the controller  118  and can include any number of processors, micro-controllers, or other processing systems, and resident or external memory for storing data and other information accessed or generated by the controller  118 . The processor  120  can execute one or more software programs that implement techniques described herein. The processor  120  is not limited by the materials from which it is formed or the processing mechanisms employed therein and, as such, can be implemented via semiconductor(s) and/or transistors (e.g., using electronic integrated circuit (IC) components), and so forth. 
     The memory  122  is an example of tangible, computer-readable storage medium that provides storage functionality to store various data associated with operation of the controller  118 , such as software programs and/or code segments, or other data to instruct the processor  120 , and possibly other components of the controller  118 , to perform the functionality described herein. Thus, the memory  122  can store data, such as a program of instructions for operating the system  100  (including its components), and so forth. It should be noted that while a single memory is described, a wide variety of types and combinations of memory (e.g., tangible, non-transitory memory) can be employed. The memory  122  can be integral with the processor  120 , can comprise stand-alone memory, or can be a combination of both. 
     The memory  122  can include, but is not necessarily limited to: removable and non-removable memory components, such as random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory (e.g., a secure digital (SD) memory card, a mini-SD memory card, and/or a micro-SD memory card), magnetic memory, optical memory, universal serial bus (USB) memory devices, hard disk memory, external memory, and so forth. In implementations, the system  100  and/or the memory  122  can include removable integrated circuit card (ICC) memory, such as memory  122  provided by a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a universal subscriber identity module (USIM) card, a universal integrated circuit card (UICC), and so on. 
     The communications interface  124  is operatively configured to communicate with components of the system. For example, the communications interface  124  can be configured to transmit data for storage in the system  100 , retrieve data from storage in the system  100 , and so forth. The communications interface  124  is also communicatively coupled with the processor  120  to facilitate data transfer between components of the system  100  and the processor  120  (e.g., for communicating inputs to the processor  120  received from a device communicatively coupled with the controller  118 ). It should be noted that while the communications interface  124  is described as a component of a controller  118 , one or more components of the communications interface  124  can be implemented as external components communicatively coupled to the system  100  via a wired and/or wireless connection. The system  100  can also comprise and/or connect to one or more input/output (I/O) devices (e.g., via the communications interface  124 ), including, but not necessarily limited to: a display, a mouse, a touchpad, a keyboard, and so on. 
     The communications interface  124  and/or the processor  120  can be configured to communicate with a variety of different networks, including, but not necessarily limited to: a wide-area cellular telephone network, such as a 3G cellular network, a 4G cellular network, or a global system for mobile communications (GSM) network; a wireless computer communications network, such as a Wi-Fi network (e.g., a wireless local area network (WLAN) operated using IEEE 802.11 network standards); an internet; the Internet; a wide area network (WAN); a local area network (LAN); a personal area network (PAN) (e.g., a wireless personal area network (WPAN) operated using IEEE 802.15 network standards); a public telephone network; an extranet; an intranet; and so on. However, this list is provided by way of example only and is not meant to limit the present disclosure. Further, the communications interface  124  can be configured to communicate with a single network or multiple networks across different access points. 
     Example 1—Example Monitoring System 
     Generally, the systems  100  described herein can incorporate any number of remote sampling systems  104  to take samples from any number of sampling locations. In an implementation, shown in  FIG.  12   , the system  100  includes five remote sampling systems  104  (shown as  104 A,  104 B,  104 C,  104 D,  104 E) positioned at five different locations of a process facility utilizing chemical baths, bulk chemicals, environmental effluents, and other liquid samples. The remote sampling systems  104  acquire samples at the different locations to transfer to the analysis system  102  positioned remotely from each of the five remote sampling systems  104 . A first remote sampling system  104 A is positioned proximate a deionized water pipeline  1000  and spaced from the analysis system  102  by a distance (shown as d 5 ) of approximately forty meters (40 m). A second remote sampling system  104 B is positioned proximate a distribution valve point  1002  and spaced from the analysis system  102  by a distance (shown as d 4 ) of approximately eighty meters (80 m). A third remote sampling system  104 C is positioned proximate a chemical supply tank  1004  and spaced from the analysis system  102  by a distance (shown as d 3 ) of approximately eighty meters (80 m). The chemical supply tank  1004  is positioned remotely from, and supplied with chemical from, a chemical storage tank  1008 . A fourth remote sampling system  104 D is positioned proximate a chemical supply tank  1006  and spaced from the analysis system  102  by a distance (shown as d 2 ) of approximately eighty meters (80 m). The chemical supply tank  1006  is positioned remotely from, and supplied with chemical from, the chemical storage tank  1008 . A fifth remote sampling system  104 E is positioned proximate the chemical storage tank  1004  and spaced from the analysis system  102  by a distance (shown as d 1 ) of approximately three hundred meters (300 m). While five remote sampling systems  104  are shown, the system  100  can utilize more than five remote sampling systems  104  to monitor ultra-trace impurities throughout the processing facility, such as at other process streams, chemical baths, bulk chemical storage, environmental effluents, and other liquid samples. In an implementation, the transfer of sample from the remote sampling systems  104  to the analysis system is provided at a rate of approximately 1.2 meters per second (1.2 m/s), providing near real-time analysis (e.g., ICPMS analysis) of the ultra-trace impurities throughout the processing facility. 
     Example 2—Reproducibility 
     In an implementation, the analysis system  102  was positioned one hundred meters (100 m) from a remote sampling system  104 . The remote sampling system  104  obtained twenty discrete samples and transported them to the analysis system  102  for determination of the signal intensity of each chemical specie present in each of the twenty discrete samples. Each discrete sample included the following chemical species: Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Germanium (Ge), Strontium (Sr), Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Indium (In), Tin (Sn), Antimony (Sb), Barium (Ba), Cerium (Ce), Hafnium (Hf), Tungsten (W), and Lead (Pb). Upon analysis by the analysis system  102 , it was determined that the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than three percent (&lt;3%) across all twenty discrete samples for all chemical species. Accordingly, the example system  100  at one hundred meters between the analysis system  102  and the remote sampling system  104  provided reliable reproducibility from obtaining the sample, transferring the sample one hundred meters to the analysis system  102  (e.g., via transfer line  144 ), and analyzing the samples with the analysis system  102 . 
     Example 3—Comparison with Manual Sampling—Semiconductor Process Example 
     Referring to  FIG.  13   , a chart showing metallic contamination of a chemical bath for semiconductor manufacturing processes (SC-1 bath) over time is provided. The chart includes a portion  1100  showing data points for metallic contamination measured from manual samples taken at three points in time. The chart also includes a portion  1102  showing the data points for metallic contamination measured from manual samples from portion  1100  superimposed on data points for metallic contamination measured from samples taken from the system  100  (e.g., from the remote sampling systems  104 ) at a sampling frequency exceeding that of the manual sampling method (e.g., at least sixteen to seventeen times more frequently). As shown in portion  1102 , a gradual increase in contaminants occurs over time in the semiconductor manufacturing process. Life time or life counts methods of determining when to exchange the chemicals in a particular semiconductor process (e.g., the manual sampling technique from portion  1100 ) are often unable to account for the particularities of the metallic contamination over time. As such, the chemicals are often exchanged without knowledge of the metal contaminants in the bath. This can result in over-exchanging, where the chemical bath could actually provide additional wafer processing but is changed out anyway (e.g., resulting in loss of process uptime), or in under-exchanging, where the chemical bath actually has an unacceptable metallic contamination but is not changed out until a later time (e.g., potentially jeopardizing the wafers produced by the process). As can be seen in portion  1102 , the metallic contamination can be tracked with the system  100  at a higher frequency automatically. A contamination limit  1104  is set to alert the CIM Host  906  when the contaminant limit is reached for the chemical bath. The system  100  can therefore automatically cause a stop in process operations when the contamination limit  1104  is reached (e.g., avoiding under-exchanging), while allowing the process to continue when the contamination limit  1104  is not reached, thereby providing process uptime when feasible (e.g., avoiding over-exchanging). 
     Dynamic Sample Prioritization 
     Generally, the systems  100  described herein can incorporate any number of remote sampling systems  104  to take samples from any number of sampling locations, such as the example implementation shown in  FIG.  12   , which includes five remote sampling systems  104  (shown as  104 A,  104 B,  104 C,  104 D,  104 E) positioned at five different locations of a process facility utilizing chemical baths, bulk chemicals, environmental effluents, and other liquid samples. The system  100  can therefore having multiple samples being taken, transferred, prepared, or the like at any given time within the system  100 , with the remote sampling systems  104  transitioning between various modes of operation, such as sample transfer operations, rinse operations, waiting operations, etc. 
     In implementations, the system  100  (e.g., via operation of system controllers) tracks the status and progression of samples received or expected to be received from the remote sampling systems  104  by the analysis system  102  and provides priority values to each sample to determine a queuing priority for samples to be analyzed by the analysis system  102 . For example, a sample to be analyzed by the analysis system  102  can be identified with a sample identifier as a standard calibration sample, a matrix calibration sample, a quality check sample, a sample, or a priority sample. The sample identifier is generally tied to a function of the sample for the system  100 . For example, samples identified as standard calibration samples are used to generate standard calibration curves to compare sample analyses against, samples identified as matrix calibration samples are used to generate matrix calibration curves to compare sample analyses against, samples identified as quality check samples are used as an internal check to determine the accuracy of current system operations, samples identified as samples are samples to be analyzed having unknown concentrations of analytes present, and priority samples are samples to have a prioritized handling by the system  100 . For example, a priority sample can be a sample that may be time sensitive, may be provided by a temporary source within a process facility (e.g., a delivery truck carrying fresh solutions for use in the process facility), or may be an unscheduled sample requiring analysis not typically scheduled for analysis within the system  100 . 
     Each sample can also be identified with a priority value to provide the system  100  with an identifier to determine how the sample is to be treated with respect to other samples within the system  100 . When the system  100  identifies a sample having a higher priority to be analyzed, the system  100  can take actions with respect to other samples having lower priority, depending on the current state of the lower priority sample analysis. Such actions can include, but are not limited to, canceling transfer from the remote sampling system  104 , permitting transfer from the remote sampling system  104 , allowing current analyses to complete, ceasing additional analyses of the sample, discarding incomplete calibration points, holding of the sample at the remote sampling system  104 , and the like. In implementations, the system  100  assigns a priority value to a sample based on the sample identity, however the system  100  can also assign a priority value based on manual input from an individual. 
     An example prioritization list of priority values is shown in  FIG.  14   . For a particular operation sequence of the system  100  (e.g., upon initialization of the system  100 , reset of the system  100 , etc.), the highest priority samples are those used for initial or primary calibration of the analysis system  102  (e.g., first calibration curve(s) for sequence given a priority value of 1; first sample matrix calibration curve samples for sequence given a priority value of 2). The next highest priority samples are those associated with samples actively being transferred from the remote sampling systems  104  through sample transfer line  144  (e.g., sample from remote sampling system  104  in sample transfer mode given a priority value of 10). The next highest priority samples are those associated with priority samples (e.g., higher priority samples given a priority value of 11 through 50). Priority samples can be samples associated with a desire for on demand analysis of samples that are not currently associated with a sample schedule. The priority samples can be assigned a priority value to differentiate priority of one priority sample as compared to another priority sample. For example, where a first chemical truck having a first chemical for delivery and a second chemical truck having a second chemical for delivery are positioned at a loading dock, the first chemical sample can be given a first priority value (e.g., 11) and the second chemical sample can be given a second priority value (e.g., 12) to indicate that the first chemical sample is a priority sample having a higher priority than that of the second chemical sample. Thus, when the system  100  reaches the first chemical sample in a prioritization queue, a remote sampling system  104  associated with sampling the first chemical is directed to transfer the first chemical to the analysis system  102  for analysis before a remote sampling system  104  associated with sampling the second chemical is directed to transfer the second chemical to the analysis system  102  for analysis. The next highest priority samples are those associated with the first quality check for the particular operation sequence (e.g., first quality check given a priority value of 51). The next highest priority samples are those associated with samples that failed an analysis (e.g., sample having analyte values that exceed threshold values, such as for contaminate concentrations). Such samples are handled at this priority level according to their original priority value according to their turn in the analysis queue. For example, if a fourth sample in a queue and a seventh sample in the queue each contain concentrations of analytes that exceed threshold concentration limits, the fourth sample will be rerun and then the seventh sample will be rerun prior to continuing on with samples having a priority value of 53 or higher. 
     The next highest priority samples following sample reruns in the example prioritization list of  FIG.  14    are samples associated with rerunning primary calibration curve(s) due to a quality control check being outside expected values (e.g., primary calibration curve rerun given a priority value of 53). For example, a quality check (QC) can be scheduled to determine whether the analysis system  102  generates a result that is within an expected range for a quality check sample (e.g., a sample having a known concentration). When the quality check is outside expected thresholds, the primary calibration curve can be rerun to provide an update calibration curve for current operating conditions of the analysis system  102 . The next highest priority samples are those associated with rerunning a single point of a calibration curve due to a quality control check being outside an expected value (primary calibration single point rerun given a priority value of 54). Similarly, reruns for matrix calibration curves or points due to a quality control check being outside expected values are given the next highest priority (e.g., matrix calibration curve rerun given a priority value of 56, matrix calibration single point rerun given a priority value of 57). The next highest priority samples are those associated with scheduled calibration curves (e.g., scheduled calibration curves given a priority value of 58). For example, a scheduled calibration curve is associated with running samples with known concentrations according to a scheduled time, as opposed to those implemented following a failed QC result. The next highest priority samples are those associated with scheduled quality checks (e.g., scheduled QC check given a priority value of 60. The next highest priority samples are those associated with urgent samples (e.g., urgent samples given a priority value of 65). For example, urgent samples can include samples manually brought to the analysis system  102  for sampling by a local autosampler at the analysis system  102  (e.g., sampling device  160 ). The next highest priority samples are those samples labeled as priority samples over regular samples in the queue (e.g., lesser priority samples given a priority value of 66 through 100). These priority samples are samples to be treated with a higher priority over regular samples in the queue, but do not rise to the level of higher priority samples (e.g., priority values of 11 through 50). As such, these samples are handled following calibration curve samples and quality control samples. The next highest priority samples are those associated with scheduled samples (e.g., scheduled samples are given the lowest priority values, according to their order in the sample schedule). 
     When the system  100  receives a priority sample for entry into a sampling queue, the system  100  checks the priority value assigned to the priority sample. If the scheduling queue has any samples associated with first calibration curve(s) or first sample matrix calibration curve, those samples are permitted to proceed uninterrupted by the system  100  (e.g., the samples are introduced to the analysis system  102  and data is gathered regarding the composition of the samples). Similarly, if any of the remote sampling systems  104  are currently transmitting a sample to the analysis system  102  within the sample transfer line  144 , those samples are permitted to proceed uninterrupted by the system  100  (e.g., the remote sampling system  104  continues to transfer the sample within the sample transfer line  144 , the sample is introduced to the analysis system  102 , and data is gathered regarding the composition of the sample). For other samples in the queue for analysis by the analysis system  102 , the system  100  checks the sample identity to determine which operations are appropriate for the system  100  to instruct how those other samples are to be treated. One such operation includes interrupting remote sampling systems  104  having samples in the queue having a lower priority than the priority sample to delay the time at which the remote sampling systems  104  draw a sample from their respective sample sources. For example, prior to entry of the priority sample into the queue, a particular remote sampling system  104  may have scheduled to draw a sample from its local sample source at a first time in order to deliver the sample to the analysis system  102  via the transfer line  144  (e.g., accounting for the transmit time of the sample within the transfer line  144 ). Once the higher priority sample enters the queue, the system  100  interrupts the remote sampling system  104  to delay sampling the sample from the local sample source to a second (later) time to account for sampling and analysis of the higher priority sample. In an implementation, a remote sampling system  104  may have drawn a sample from the sample source and is in the process of preparing the sample for transfer (e.g., introducing diluent, standard, chemical spike, etc.), but has not yet introduced the sample into the sample transfer line  144 . When the higher priority sample enters the queue, the system  100  may interrupt the remote sampling system  104  to cause the gathered sample to be held at the remote sampling system  104 , to be introduced to waste, to be rinsed from the remote sampling system  104 , or the like. 
     Another such operation includes permitting samples present at the analysis system  102  currently being sampled to be completed and measured by the analysis system  102 . For example, a local autosampler at the analysis system  102  (e.g., sampling device  160 ) currently operating to introduce samples from local sample sources (e.g., vials present on an autosampler deck of the analysis system  102 ) may be permitted to finish operation to introduce the samples to the analysis system  102  for measurement and data gathering. 
     As another example of an operation the system  100  may take to alter the queue for the higher priority sample may be to discard incomplete calibration points for calibration samples having a lower priority than the higher priority sample. Such samples can include samples for calibration sample reruns as a result of QC, scheduled calibration samples, etc. For example, the system  100  may maintain the data for calibration samples having been analyzed by the analysis system  102  that have been completed or are in the process of being completed by the system when the higher priority sample enters the queue, but calibration samples that are yet to be completed are delayed (e.g., reorganized into an updated queue) or discarded to account for the higher priority sample. 
     Example Dynamic Sample Prioritization 
     In an example operation, a chemical delivery truck arrives at a loading station for the example process facility shown in  FIG.  12    and an individual interacts with a user interface at a remote sampling system  104  (e.g., remote sampling system  104 E adjacent the chemical storage tank  1008 ) to indicate the presence of a priority sample, such as to test a sample from the chemical delivery truck to clear the delivery of chemical for use in the process facility. The system  100  assigns a priority value to the priority sample based on input from the individual via the user interface. In this instance, the sample is a higher priority sample and is assigned a priority value of 12 to indicate that the sample takes priority in analysis by the analysis system  102  over samples having a priority value exceeding 12 (e.g., samples not associated with first calibration curves for a given sequence and samples not currently being transferred in sample transfer lines  144 ). The system  100  organizes the priority sample into the sample queue, where the system  100  has been handling samples for a portion of the day (e.g., the first calibration curves and first matrix calibration curves are already completed), which currently has a sample in transit from remote sampling system  104 B, a sample for a primary calibration single point rerun due to a previous QC, and samples scheduled for transmission from the remote sampling system  104 A and remote sampling system  104 D. The system  100  permits the sample currently being transferred from remote sampling system  104 B to complete transfer and analysis by the analysis system  102 . The system  100  interrupts the scheduling of sampling by a local autosampler at the analysis system  102  (e.g., sampling device  160 ) for the primary calibration single point rerun due to a previous QC until after the higher priority sample is sampled by the remote sampling system  104 E, transferred to the analysis system  102  via sample transfer line  144 , and analyzed. The system also interrupts the scheduling of sampling by remote sampling system  104 A and remote sampling system  104 D until each of the higher priority sample and the primary calibration single point rerun are sampled and analyzed. 
     In an another example operation, an individual manually brings a sample for analysis at the analysis system  102  at the example process facility shown in  FIG.  12    and interacts with a user interface at the analysis system  102  to indicate the presence of an urgent sample, such as to test a sample from another portion of the process facility. The system  100  assigns a priority value to the urgent sample based on input from the individual via the user interface. In this instance, the sample is an urgent sample and is assigned a priority value of 65 to indicate that the sample takes priority in analysis by the analysis system  102  over samples having a priority value exceeding 65 (e.g., samples associated with calibrations, higher priority samples with a priority value of 11 through 50). The system  100  organizes the urgent sample into the sample queue, where the system  100  is in the process of initializing for a new process sequence (e.g., the first calibration curves and first matrix calibration curves have not completed), with samples scheduled for transmission from the remote sampling system  104 A and remote sampling system  104 D. Following completion of the analysis of samples associated with the first calibration curves and first matrix curves, an individual at remote sampling system  104 D enters a less priority sample assigned a priority value of 66, and an individual at remote sampling system  104 E enters a higher priority sample assigned a priority value of 11. While the sample queue previously had the urgent sample in the queue for sampling and analysis after the initial calibration samples were handled, the system  100  now interrupts the autosampler at the analysis system from sampling the urgent sample in favor of the higher priority sample from remote sampling system  104 E, in addition to interrupting remote sampling system  104 A and remote sampling system  104 D to delay sampling and transfer from the respective remote sampling systems  104 . The system  100  permits the urgent sample to be handled before the less priority sample from remote sampling system  104 D (e.g., priority value 65&lt;priority value 66). 
     While the above examples provide example operating environments, it is appreciated that many different operating environments and timelines for prioritization of samples are possible. 
     Conclusion 
     In implementations, a variety of analytical devices can make use of the structures, techniques, approaches, and so on described herein. Thus, although systems are described herein, a variety of analytical instruments may make use of the described techniques, approaches, structures, and so on. These devices may be configured with limited functionality (e.g., thin devices) or with robust functionality (e.g., thick devices). Thus, a device&#39;s functionality may relate to the device&#39;s software or hardware resources, e.g., processing power, memory (e.g., data storage capability), analytical ability, and so on. 
     Generally, any of the functions described herein can be implemented using hardware (e.g., fixed logic circuitry such as integrated circuits), software, firmware, manual processing, or a combination thereof. Thus, the blocks discussed in the above disclosure generally represent hardware (e.g., fixed logic circuitry such as integrated circuits), software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the instance of a hardware configuration, the various blocks discussed in the above disclosure may be implemented as integrated circuits along with other functionality. Such integrated circuits may include all of the functions of a given block, system, or circuit, or a portion of the functions of the block, system, or circuit. Further, elements of the blocks, systems, or circuits may be implemented across multiple integrated circuits. Such integrated circuits may comprise various integrated circuits, including, but not necessarily limited to: a monolithic integrated circuit, a flip chip integrated circuit, a multichip module integrated circuit, and/or a mixed signal integrated circuit. In the instance of a software implementation, the various blocks discussed in the above disclosure represent executable instructions (e.g., program code) that perform specified tasks when executed on a processor. These executable instructions can be stored in one or more tangible computer readable media. In some such instances, the entire system, block, or circuit may be implemented using its software or firmware equivalent. In other instances, one part of a given system, block, or circuit may be implemented in software or firmware, while other parts are implemented in hardware. 
     Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or process operations, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.