Patent Publication Number: US-2007117906-A1

Title: Use of polyolefin waxes in hot melt compositions

Description:
The present invention is described in the German priority application No. 10 2005 055 020.7, filed 18 Nov. 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference as is fully disclosed herein.  
      The invention relates to hot melt compositions based on isotactic, low molecular mass, low viscosity homopolymer or copolymer waxes and atactic polyalpha-olefins (APAOs) and a resin fraction below 20% by weight.  
      Hot melt compositions or hot melts are thermoplastic materials which are solid at ambient temperature and in the liquid melt state are applied layerwise to suitable substrate surfaces where, following solidification, they exert different functions. They are constructed preferably on the basis of resins, waxes, thermoplastics, and elastomers, and may include additions of fillers, pigments, and additives such as stabilizers, etc.  
      By way of example, hot melt compositions can be used as solvent-free adhesives for bonding. On account of their multifarious advantages, hot melt adhesives of this kind are increasingly being used in the production of products including hygiene articles and care articles and also in the paper, packaging, furniture, textiles, footwear, and construction industries as an economic and eco-friendly alternative to conventional, solvent-based adhesives.  
      Hot melt compositions are also used in road construction as thermoplastic binders for producing visual traffic guidance marks, such as “zebra stripes” at pedestrian crossings, center lines or boundary lines, or other signal indications for controlling traffic flow. Besides waxes, the binders employed for this purpose may comprise thermoplastics, resins, and plasticizers. For roadmarking application these binders are generally blended with fillers such as sand or lime, pigments such as titanium dioxide, and light-reflecting additions, e.g., glass beads.  
      Constituents of typical hot melt adhesive formulas are polar and apolar polymers, resins, and waxes.  
      The bond strength, which derives from the remanent, post-solidification adhesiveness of a pressure sensitive hot melt adhesive, depends on the one hand on the interaction of the adhesive with the substrate to which bonding is to take place, i.e., on the adhesion between pressure sensitive hot melt adhesive and substrate. In addition, however, the bond strength is also based on the cohesion (internal strength) of the pressure sensitive hot melt adhesive itself.  
      The polar and apolar polymers of the pressure sensitive hot melt adhesive serve as scaffold material. They ensure the cohesion of the adhesive and at the same time contribute to adhesion to the substrate.  
      The resin addition enhances the adhesion and may promote compatibility between the various components of the adhesive. Waxes are used for modification in fractions, based on the hot melt adhesive compositions, of generally less than 10% by weight. They regulate important physical properties of the adhesives, such as hardness, melt viscosity, and softening point, and, in their effect on open time, adhesion, cohesion, etc., they decisively influence the performance characteristics. Use of wax in amounts of more than 10% by weight, however, has generally been found to date to be accompanied by a deterioration in the properties, particularly a reduction in the bond strength of the hot melt adhesive.  
      EP 0 890 584 describes the preparation of homopropylene waxes and propylene copolymer waxes by means of metallocene catalysts, and their use in hot melt compositions, among other systems. The hot melt compositions contain essentially three components: a polymer, a resin (tackifier), and a wax.  
      WO 2004/104 128 describes hot melt compositions containing as polyolefin waxes copolymer waxes of propylene, 0.1% to 30% by weight of ethylene, and 0.1% to 50% by weight of a branched or unbranched 1-alkene having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.  
      U.S. Pat. No. 5,397,843 describes hot melt compositions comprising high molecular mass ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers and low molecular mass atactic polyalpha-olefins (APAOs).  
      US 2004/0 115 456 and US 2004/0 081 795 describe hot melt compositions containing 4% to 50% by weight of isotactic propylene copolymers and 20% to 65% by weight of a resin component (tackifier), examples being hydrocarbon resins, natural and modified resins, resin esters, and synthetic polyterpenes, and also, optionally, atactic polyalpha-olefins (APAOs), plasticizers, wax, stabilizers, filler material, and, optionally, a secondary polymer, examples being poly(meth)acrylates, etc. The hot melt composition examples set out in the two specifications comprise isotactic propylene copolymers with 1.5% to 20% by weight of ethylene or higher a-olefins, the copolymers having average molar masses M w , of between about 170 000 and 240 000 g/mol and number-average molar masses M n  of between about 60 000 and 80 000 g/mol.  
      Such high molecular mass olefin copolymers are plastic-like, of high viscosity to solid, and show very little, if any, adhesion. The hot melt compositions claimed in US 2004/0 115 456 and US 2004/0 081 795 therefore contain, as well as isotactic propylene copolymers, 20% to 65% by weight of a resin. The use of such large amounts of resin is expensive; it can lead easily to corrosion, odor, and an adverse effect on operations of recycling the products provided with such hot melt compositions. 
    
    
      It was an object of the present invention to provide hot melt compositions which satisfy the very different performance requirements imposed on hot melt compositions in respect of adhesion, cohesion, melt viscosity, low-temperature and high-temperature stability, flexibility, tensile load and stretching load, etc., and which at the same time contain as little resin as possible.  
      Completely surprisingly it has been found that this object is achieved through a combination of isotactic, low molecular mass, low-viscosity homopolymer or copolymer waxes with atactic polyalpha-olefins (APAOs) and resin, the weight fraction of the resin or resins being below 20% by weight, based on the weight of the hot melt composition.  
      Mixtures of isotactic, low molecular mass, low-viscosity homopolymer or copolymer waxes, atactic polyalpha-olefins (APAOs), and one or more resins, with a resin fraction of less than 20% by weight, have a viscosity at a temperature of 170° C. of 500 to 10 000 mPa·s, preferably between 1000 and 5000 mPa·s. They can be applied easily to surfaces and exhibit very good cohesion.  
      The invention provides hot melt compositions comprising 
      a) one or more isotactic homopolymer and/or copolymer waxes comprising the monomers ethylene and/or propylene and/or higher linear or branched alpha-olefins having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, the copolymer wax or waxes, based on the total weight of the copolymer wax or waxes, containing 0.1% to 30% by weight of structural units originating from one monomer and 70% to 99.9% by weight of structural units from the other monomer or monomers, and the homopolymer and copolymer wax(es) possessing a weight-average molecular weight M w  of less than or equal to 40 000 g/mol, having been obtained by metallocene catalysis, having a dropping point or ring &amp; ball softening point of between 80 and 165° C., possessing a melt viscosity, measured at a temperature of 170° C., of between 20 and 40 000 mPa·s, and having a glass transition temperature, T g , of not more than −20° C.,     b) one or more amorphous, atactic polyalpha-olefins (APAOs),     c) one or more resins, the weight fraction of resin, based on the hot melt composition, being below 20% by weight, preferably between 1% and 18% by weight, more preferably between 5% and 15% by weight, very preferably between 8% and 12% by weight, and most preferably between 10% and 12% by weight.    

      The invention preferably provides hot melt compositions comprising 
      a) one or more isotactic homopolymer and/or copolymer waxes comprising the monomers ethylene and/or propylene, the copolymer waxes, based on the total weight of the copolymer waxes, containing 0.1% to 30% by weight of structural units originating from one monomer and 70% to 99.9% by weight of structural units from the other monomer and 
 
 Hot melt compositions further preferred in accordance with the invention comprise 
    a) one or more isotactic propylene homopolymer waxes and/or propylene copolymer waxes, the propylene copolymer waxes, based on the total weight of the copolymer waxes, containing 0.1% to 30% by weight of structural units originating from ethylene and 70% to 99.9% by weight of structural units from propylene.    

      In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the polyolefin waxes present in the hot melt compositions are copolymer waxes originating from ethylene and at least one branched or unbranched 1-alkene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, the amount of structural units from the one or more 1-alkenes having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the copolymer waxes being in the range from 0.1% to 30% by weight.  
      Hot melt compositions further preferred in accordance with the invention comprise  
     
         
          a) one or more isotactic ethylene homopolymer waxes and/or ethylene copolymer waxes, the ethylene copolymer waxes, based on the total weight of the copolymer waxes, containing 70% to 99.9% by weight of structural units originating from ethylene and 0.1% to 30.0% by weight of structural units from propylene.  
       
    
      In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the polyolefin waxes present in the hot melt compositions are copolymer waxes of propylene and one or more further monomers selected from ethylene and branched or unbranched 1-alkenes having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, the amount of structural units originating from ethylene in the copolymer waxes being in the range from 0.1% to 30% by weight and the amount of structural units originating from the one or more 1-alkenes having 4 to 20 carbon atoms in the copolymer waxes being in the range from 0.1% to 50% by weight.  
      Hot melt compositions of the invention which are further preferred comprise homopolymer and/or copolymer waxes which have a number-average molar mass M n  of between 500 and 20 000 g/mol, preferably between 800 and 10 000 g/mol, more preferably between 1000 and 5000 g/mol, and a weight-average molar mass M w  of between 1000 and 40 000 g/mol, preferably between 1600 and 30 000 g/mol, and more preferably between 2000 and 25 000 g/mol.  
      In one preferred embodiment the hot melt compositions of the invention comprise  
     
         
          a) 0.1% to 39%, preferably 5% to 35%, more preferably 10% to 30%, and most preferably 20% to 25% by weight of one or more isotactic homopolymer and/or copolymer waxes comprising the monomers ethylene and/or propylene and/or higher linear or branched alpha-olefins having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, the copolymer wax or waxes, based on the total weight of the copolymer waxes, containing 0.1% to 30% by weight of structural units originating from one monomer and 70% to 99.9% by weight of structural units from the other monomer or monomers, and the homopolymer and copolymer wax(es) possessing a weight-average molecular weight M w  of less than or equal to 40 000 g/mol, having been obtained by metallocene catalysis, having a dropping point or ring &amp; ball softening point of between 80 and 165° C., possessing a melt viscosity, measured at a temperature of 170° C., of between 20 and 40 000 mPa s, and having a glass transition temperature, T g , of not more than −10° C., and  
          b) 61% to 95%, preferably 62% to 90%, more preferably 65% to 85%, and very preferably 70% to 80% by weight of one or more amorphous, atactic polyalpha-olefins (APAOs), and  
          c) one or more resins in a fraction of less than 20% by weight, preferably between 1% and 18% by weight, more preferably between 5% and 15% by weight, very preferably between 8% and 12% by weight, and most preferably between 10% and 12% by weight. 
 
 In a further embodiment the hot melt compositions of the invention are composed of 
 
          a) one or more isotactic homopolymer and/or copolymer waxes of the monomers ethylene and/or propylene and/or higher linear or branched alpha-olefins having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, the copolymer wax or waxes, based on the total weight of the copolymer waxes, containing 0.1% to 30% by weight of structural units originating from one monomer and 70% to 99.9% by weight of structural units from the other monomer or monomers.  
       
    
      The atactic polyalpha-olefins (APAOs) used in accordance with the invention in hot melt compositions are predominantly amorphous and have a crystallinity of less than 30%, determined by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). The APAOs employed may be homopolymers of propylene or copolymers of propylene with one or more alpha-olefins, examples being ethylene, 1-butene, 1-propene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, and 1-octene. The weight-average molar mass M w  of the APAOs employed is in the range from 4000 to 150 000 g/mol, preferably between 10 000 and 100 000 g/mol. Their softening points are between 80 and 170° C., their glass transition temperatures T g  between −5° C. and −40° C.  
      Among the APAOs it is preferred to use propylene homopolymers, propylene-ethylene copolymers, propylene-1-butene copolymers, and propylene-ethylene-1-butene terpolymers. APAO polymers are obtainable under the trade names ®Eastoflex from Eastman Chemical Company, under the trade names ®Rextac from Huntsman Corporation or under the trade name ®Vestoplast from Degussa Corporation.  
      Resins available are aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons having softening points of 10° C. to 160° C., determined by ASTM method E28-58T. They may be prepared by polymerizing aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic olefins and diolefins. Likewise suitable are hydrogenated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons from mineral oil, examples being the resins obtainable from Eastman Chemical Company under the trade name Eastoflex, RegalREZ, Kristalex, Eastotac or Piccotac or from ExxonMobil Chemical Company as Escoreze.  
      Likewise suitable are aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum and their hydrogenated derivatives, and also aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum and their hydrogenated or acid-functionalized derivatives, aromatically modified cycloaliphatic resins and their hydrogenated derivatives, polyterpene resins having softening points between 110° C. and 140° C., which are prepared by polymerizing terpenes, pinene, for example, in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, hydrogenated polyterpenes, copolymers and terpolymers of natural terpenes, examples being styrene/terpene, α-methylstyrene/terpene, and vinyltoluene/terpene. Additionally suitable are natural and modified rosins, especially resin esters, glycerol esters of tree resins, pentaerythritol esters of tree resins and tall oil resins, and their hydrogenated derivatives, and also phenol-modified pentaerythritol esters of resins, and phenol-modified terpene resins.  
      The hot melt compositions of the invention may further comprise polyolefin polymers, waxes, plasticizers, polar or apolar polymers, pigments, fillers, stabilizers and/or antioxidants.  
      The polyolefin waxes used in accordance with the invention are prepared using metallocene compounds of the formula I.  
                 
 
      This formula also embraces compounds of the formula Ia  
                 
 
 of the formula Ib  
                 
 
 and of the formula Ic  
                 
 
      In formulae I, Ia and Ib, M 1  is a metal from group IVb, Vb or VIb of the periodic system, examples being titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten, preferably titanium, zirconium or hafnium.  
      R 1  and R 2  are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 10 , preferably C 1 -C 3  alkyl group, especially methyl, a C 1 -C 10 , preferably C 1 -C 3  alkoxy group, a C 6 -C 10 , preferably C 6 -C 8  aryl group, a C 6 -C 10 , preferably C 6 -C 8  aryloxy group, a C 2 -C 10 , preferably C 2 -C 4  alkenyl group, a C 7 -C 40 , preferably C 7 -C 10  arylalkyl group, a C 7 -C 40 , preferably C 7 -C 12  alkylaryl group, a C 8 -C 40 , preferably C 8 -C 12  arylalkenyl group, or a halogen atom, preferably chlorine atom.  
      R 3  and R 4  are identical or different and are a mononuclear or polynuclear hydrocarbon radical which together with the central atom M 1  may form a sandwich structure. Preferably R 3  and R 4  are cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, tetrahydroindenyl, benzoindenyl or fluorenyl, it being possible for the parent structures to carry additional substituents or to be bridged with one another. It is also possible for one of the radicals R 3  and R 4  to be a substituted nitrogen atom, with R 24  having the definition of R 17  and being preferably methyl, tert-butyl or cyclohexyl.  
      R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10  are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, preferably a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, a C 1 -C 10 , preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl group, a C 6 -C 10 , preferably C 6 -C 8  aryl group, a C 1 -C 10 , preferably C 1 -C 3  alkoxy group, a radical —NR 2   16 —, —SR 16 —, —OSiR 3   16 —, —SiR 3   16 — or —PR 2   16 —, in which R 16  is a C 1 -C 10 , preferably C 1 -C 3  alkyl group or C 6 -C 10 , preferably C 6 -C 8  aryl group or else, in the case of radicals containing Si or P, is a halogen atom, preferably chlorine atom, or pairs of adjacent radicals R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , or R 10  form a ring with the carbon atoms connecting them. Particularly preferred ligands are the substituted compounds of the parent structures cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, tetrahydroindenyl, benzoindenyl or fluorenyl.  
      R 13  is  
                 
 
 ═BR 17 , ═AlR 17 , —Ge—, —Sn—, —O—, —S—, ═SO, ═SO 2 , ═NR 17 , ═CO, ═PR 17  or ═P(O)R 17 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19  being identical or different and being a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, preferably a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, a C 1 -C 30 , preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl, especially methyl, group, a C 1 -C 10  fluoroalkyl, preferably CF 3  group, a C 6 -C 10  fluoroaryl, preferably pentafluorophenyl group, a C 6 -C 10 , preferably C 6 -C 8  aryl group, a C 1 -C 10 , preferably C 1 -C 4  alkoxy, especially methoxy group, a C 2 -C 10 , preferably C 2 -C 4  alkenyl group, a C 7 -C 40 , preferably C 7 -C 10  aralkyl group, a C 8 -C 40 , preferably C 8 -C 12  arylalkenyl group or a C 7 -C 40 , preferably C 7 -C 12  alkylaryl group, or R 17  and R 18 , or R 17  and R 19 , each form a ring together with the atoms connecting them. 
 
      M 2  is silicon, germanium or tin, preferably silicon and germanium. R 13  is preferably ═CR 17 R 18 , ═SiR 17 R 18 , ═GeR 17 R 18 , —O—, —S—, ═SO, ═PR 17  or ═P(O)R 17 .  
      Rhu  11  and R 12  are identical or different and have the definition stated for R 17 . m and n are identical or different and denote zero, 1 or 2, preferably zero or 1, with m plus n being zero, 1 or 2, preferably zero or 1.  
      R 14  and R 15  have the definition of R 17  and R 18 .  
      Examples of suitable metallocenes are:  
      bis(1,2,3-trimethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(1,2,4-trimethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(1,2-dimethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(1,3-dimethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(1-methylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(1-n-butyl-3-methylcyclopentad ienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(2-methyl-4,6-diisopropylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(2-methylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(4-methylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(5-methylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(alkylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(alkylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(methylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(octadecylcyclopentad ienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, biscyclopentadienylzirconium dibenzyl, biscyclopentadienylzirconium dimethyl, bistetrahydroindenylzirconium dichloride, dimethylsilyl-9-fluorenylcyclopentadienylzirconium dichloride, dimethylsilylbis-1-(2,3,5-trimethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium d ichloride, dimethylsilylbis-1-(2 ,4-d imethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium d ichloride, dimethylsilylbis-1-(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl)zirconium dichloride, dimethylsilylbis-1-(2-methyl-4-ethylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, dimethylsilylbis-1-(2-methyl-4-isopropylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, dimethylsilylbis-1-(2-methyl-4-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, dimethylsilylbis-1-(2-methylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, dimethylsilylbis-1-(2-methyltetrahyd roindenyl)zirconium dich loride, dimethylsilylbis-1-indenylzirconium dichloride, dimethylsilylbis-1-indenylzirconium dimethyl, dimethylsilylbis-1-tetrahydroindenylzirconium dichloride, diphenylmethylene-9-fluorenylcyclopentadienylzirconium dichloride, diphenylsilylbis-1-indenylzirconium dichloride, ethylenebis-1-(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl)zirconium dichloride, ethylenebis-1-(2-methyl-4-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichioride, ethylenbis-1-(2-methyltetrahydroindenyl)zirconium dichiorde, ethylenebis-1-(4,7-dimethylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, ethylenebis-1-indenylzirconium dichloride, ethylenebis-1-tetrahydroindenylzirconium dichloride, indenylcyclopentadienylzirconium dichloride isopropylidene(1-indenyl)(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, isopropylidene(9-fluorenyl)(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, phenylmethylsilylbis-1-(2-methylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, and the alkyl or aryl derivatives of each of these metallocene dichlorides.  
      The single-center catalyst systems are activated using suitable cocatalysts. Suitable cocatalysts for metallocenes of the formula I are organoaluminum compounds, especially aluminoxanes, or else aluminum-free systems such as R x   20 NH 4-x BR 4   21 , R x   20 PH 4-x BR 4   21 , R 3   20 CBR 4   21  or BR 3   21 . In these formulae x is a number from 1 to 4, the radicals R 20  are identical or different, preferably identical, and are C 1 -C 10  alkyl or C 6 -C 18  aryl, or two radicals R 20  form a ring together with the atom connecting them, and the radicals R 21  are identical or different, preferably identical, and are C 6 -C 18  aryl which may be substituted by alkyl, haloalkyl or fluorine. In particular R 20  is ethyl, propyl, butyl or phenyl and R 21  is phenyl, pentafluorophenyl, 3,5-bistrifluoro-methylphenyl, mesityl, xylyl or tolyl.  
      Additionally a third component is often necessary in order to maintain protection against polar catalyst poisons. Suitable for this purpose are organoaluminum compounds such as triethylaluminum, tributylaluminum, etc., and also mixtures.  
      Depending on process it is also possible for supported single-center catalysts to be used. Preference is given to catalyst systems in which the residual amounts of support material and cocatalyst do not exceed a concentration of 100 ppm in the product.  
      The invention further provides for the use of the hot melt compositions of the invention as hot melt adhesives.  
      Further possible constituents are resins, waxes, and apolar or polar polymers such as, for example, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyacrylates, polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyurethanes, polyolefins, and rubber polymers, such as nitrile or styrene/butadiene rubbers.  
      Polyisobutylene, styrene-butadiene-styrene block polymers or styrene-isoprene-styrene block polymers, and, for particularly heavy-duty bonds, polyamides or polyesters. Examples of resin components which may be present include rosins and their derivatives or hydrocarbon resins, while possible waxes are hydrocarbon waxes such as Fischer-Tropsch paraffins, and polyolefin waxes not prepared using metallocene catalysts, it being possible for said waxes to have undergone apolar or polar modification, by means, for example, of oxidation or of grafting with polar monomers such as maleic anhydride. The hot melt adhesive compositions may further comprise fillers or auxiliaries such as plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers, such as antioxidants or light stabilizers.  
      The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the invention to the person skilled in the art but not to restrict it to specific embodiments.  
      The melt viscosities were determined in the working examples in accordance with DIN 53019 using a rotational viscometer, the dropping points in accordance with DIN 51801/2, the ring &amp; ball softening points in accordance with DIN EN 1427, and the glass transition temperatures by means of differential thermoanalysis in accordance with DIN 51700. The weight-average molar mass M w , the number-average molar mass M n , and the resulting quotient M w /M n  were determined by gel permeation chromatography at 135° C. in 1,2-dichlorobenzene.  
      Working Examples  
      The metallocene-polyolefin waxes 1, 2 and 3 listed in Table 1 and employed in accordance with the invention have been prepared by copolymerization of propylene with ethylene in the presence of the metallocene dimethylsilylbisindenylzirkonium-dichloride as catalyst pursuant to the general procedure described in EP 384 264 (see examples 1 to 16). The differences in softening points and viscosities resulted from variations in the ethylene supply and different polymerization temperatures.  
               TABLE 1                          Composition of polyolefin waxes                             Ethylene   Propylene       Polyolefin wax   [% by weight]   [% by weight]                                 1   9   91       2   10   90       3   6   94                  
 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Softening/dropping point, viscosity, weight-average 
               
               
                 molecular weights, and density of polyolefin waxes 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Weight- 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 average 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Softening/ 
                 Viscosity at 
                 molecular 
               
               
                   
                   
                 dropping 
                 170° C. 
                 weight M w   
                 Density 
               
               
                   
                 Product type 
                 point [° C.] 
                 [mPa · s] 
                 [g/mol] 
                 [g/cm 3 ] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Propylene- 
                 92** 
                 1600 
                 13 300 
                 0.88 
               
               
                   
                 ethylene 
               
               
                   
                 copolymer wax 
               
               
                   
                 (metallocene) 
               
               
                 3 
                 Propylene- 
                 90** 
                 4500 
                 18 000 
                 0.88 
               
               
                   
                 ethylene 
               
               
                   
                 copolymer wax 
               
               
                   
                 (metallocene) 
               
               
                 2 
                 Propylene- 
                 110**  
                 3000 
                 16 850 
                 0.88 
               
               
                   
                 ethylene 
               
               
                   
                 copolymer wax 
               
               
                   
                 (metallocene) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   *) Dropping point    
               
               
                   **Softening point    
               
            
           
         
       
     
      Performance results  
               TABLE 3                          Cohesions of hot melt adhesives in comparison to individual components                                             Wax 1   Wax 3   Wax 2   Vestoplast 703   Eastotac 130   Cohesion       Example   [% by wt.]   [% by wt.]   [% by wt.]   [% by wt.]   [% by wt.]   [N/mm 2 ]                                                 1   60           30   10   3.4       2       60       30   10   22       3           60   30   10   3.55       4   100                   1.1       5       100               1.0                  
 
      The hot melt adhesive compositions listed in Table 3 were prepared from the copolymer waxes 1, 2 and 3 indicated in Table 1, the atactic alpha=olefins (APAOs) available under the trade name Vestoplast 703 (Degussa), and the product available under the trade name Eastotac 130 (Eastman), with the mixing proportions being 60% by weight copolymer wax, 30% by weight APAO, and 10% by weight resin. The individual components were jointly melted and stirred at 180° C. for a period of 1 h.  
      The cohesions were determined in accordance with DIN 53455 by casting moldings and testing their mechanical stability in a tensile test.