Patent Publication Number: US-2022236130-A1

Title: Pressure Sensor

Description:
The present invention relates to a pressure sensor having a housing with a control and evaluation unit, wherein a plurality of pressure ports are arranged at the housing of the pressure sensor. 
     In accordance with the prior art in industrial automation technology, a large number of one-channel sensors are used at a measurement site to evaluate a plurality of pressure measurement sites. The signals of the individual pressure sensors are collected and evaluated by one or more central controllers and the results are forwarded. 
     Large space requirements are thereby produced since a large number of one-channel sensors have to be arranged. A high assembly effort is likewise associated therewith since a large number of fastenings are required and a lot of assembly material is required in an expensive manner. There is furthermore disadvantageously a high cabling effort since every single one-channel sensor has to be electrically connected. Large controllers having a large number of inputs and outputs are required for the evaluation. A complex programming of the controller is furthermore required. Due to the dependence on a very large number of sensors, the mean time to failure (MTTF) is furthermore reduced. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 9,841,340 B1 discloses a pressure measurement apparatus comprising a plurality of air inlets that are configured to respectively receive one of a plurality of different air streams. A valve arrangement is provided that is configured to switch the operation of the pressure measurement device between a measurement operating mode and a servicing mode, with the valve arrangement comprising a plurality of inputs that are coupled to the respective air inlets and that are configured such that they receive the respective air inlets and a plurality of outputs. 
     It is an object of the invention to provide an inexpensive and compact sensor solution for the detection of a plurality of pressure channels. 
     The object is satisfied by a pressure sensor having a housing with a control and evaluation unit, wherein a plurality of pressure ports are arranged at the housing of the pressure sensor, wherein a pressure measuring cell is associated with every pressure port, wherein the pressure measurement cells are connected to the control and evaluation unit, wherein the pressure sensor has at least one digital output interface, and wherein at least one pressure port is a port for inserting a pressure line, with the pressure line being installable without tools and with the pressure line being surrounded by a seal of the pressure port and being secured against being pulled out. 
     The pressure sensor in accordance with the invention can be used wherever a large number of pressure measurements have to take place in a very tight space. In this respect, a plurality of pressure measurements of, for example, 4, 8, 16, 32, or more individual pressure measurements are possible. 
     An example for such a use or application is a matrix of pneumatic vacuum grippers. These grippers are arranged in a pattern of 4×8, for example. Such a system receives the feedback as to which gripping procedure has been successfully carried out. 
     A further application results from the context of Industry 4.0. In this respect, the recording of additional measurement data is relevant to obtain conclusions on the state of the system and its components. A simple and central provision of a number of pressure measurement points is also made possible here in accordance with the invention. 
     Only the data detection in the pressure sensor is multiplied in accordance with the invention. The data evaluation and the data output by means of the control and evaluation unit and the housing are only present in a single version. A plurality of pressure values or process values can thereby be detected in the same housing. 
     On the use of only one single control and evaluation unit for data evaluation and data output, considerable saving potentials result in the manufacturing costs and in space usage. The use of one housing for all the components simplifies the mechanical design and reduces the number of required plug-in connections and potential error sources. The accommodation of a plurality of pressure measurements in one housing therefore produces economies of scale. 
     The pressure port is a port for inserting a pressure line, with the pressure line being installable without tools and with the pressure line being surrounded by a seal of the pressure port and being secured against being pulled out. Such pressure ports are also called push-in fitting ports. An installation of the pressure line to be connected can take place simply manually without any tools being required. The pressure line is inserted into a circular cylindrical mount for this purpose. On the pushing in, the pressure line is surrounded by at least one annular seal and is simultaneously latched, for example by means of an annular latching ring having inwardly facing latching tongues that are displaced or bent over by the introduced pressure line. If the tube is pulled, the latching tongues cant or catch in the surface of the pressure line and prevent a pulling out. 
     To pull the pressure line out, an annular unlatching device that can likewise be actuated by hand without tools is provided at the pressure port. The annular unlatching device is pressed in the direction of the pressure port, whereby the latching tongues of the latching ring are removed from the surface of the pressure line, whereby the pressure line is no longer latched and the pressure line can be removed and pulled out of the pressure port simply by hand. 
     Due to the simplicity of the pressure port and due to flexible pressure lines, the pressure ports can be used simply without the pressure ports having to be exactly positioned and without threaded connections being provided, and the connection can be made without tools. 
     The pressure ports are provided for an absolute pressure measurement, for example. In this respect, every pressure measurement cell belonging to the pressure port is read in individually by the control and evaluation unit and the measured value is provided or output by the control and evaluation unit on the output interface. 
     A relative pressure measurement is, however, preferably predominantly provided, wherein the individual pressure measurement cells measure relatively against the environmental pressure. This relative measurement is very useful in pneumatics. 
     The pressure measurement cell is obtained as an SMD component, for example, and is mounted on a circuit board. An integrated pressure measurement cell can have the following appearance: 
     The adaptation to the process takes place by means of a mount at the upper side of the SMD component that is integrated with an exact fit and in a pressure tight manner in the housing. An O ring is for this purpose, for example, placed around a nose of the pressure measurement cell and takes care of the sealing between the housing, in particular the pressure port, and the SMD pressure measurement cell, in a cutout in the housing. The circuit board is then fixedly screwed to the housing in the region of the process port. 
     This adaptation has to compensate the location tolerances between the circuit board, the mounting tolerances of the SMD components on the circuit board, and component tolerances and housing tolerances, and must simultaneously ensure the compressive strength of the process pressure. 
     The pressure sensor in accordance with the invention having the housing and the plurality of pressure ports is a compact device that required less construction space than individual sensors in individual housings in accordance with the prior art. The pressure sensor in accordance with the invention is inexpensive in manufacture and so available more cheaply for users. An integration, that is an installation, into a plant is furthermore simpler since less wiring effort and less assembly effort is required. The pressure sensor is furthermore less susceptible to error since fewer individual components have to be installed. A smaller parameterization effort is furthermore also required since only one single control and evaluation unit is required. 
     In a further development of the invention, at least one pressure port is a G ¼ IG, G ¼ AG, or a ¼″ NPT pressure port of the pressure sensor. Different connections are thus provided at the pressure sensor, whereby the pressure sensor can be used in a more versatile manner. 
     A G ¼ IG connection is a connection having a ¼ inch internal thread for a high pressure connection. A stable pressure port that is, however, simple to release and suitable for high pressures is provided by the internal thread screw connection. 
     A G ¼ AG connection is a connection having a ¼ inch external thread for a high pressure connection. 
     A ¼ NPT connection is a connection having a ¼ inch external thread for a high pressure connection A stable pressure port that is, however, simple to release and suitable for high pressures is provided by the external thread screw connection. Such a high pressure connection can be designed for pressures up to a pressure of several hundred bar. 
     In a further development of the invention, different pressure ports are associated with different pressure ranges. Different pressure ranges can thereby be evaluated and monitored by a single pressure sensor. The pressure sensor can thereby be used more versatilely. 
     In a further development of the invention, at least one first pressure range has the range from 0 to 10 bar and at least one second pressure range has the range from 0 to 16 bar. A pressure range from 0 to 10 bar is, for example, the most favored pressure range for pneumatic applications in machines. The pressure in a plant typically amounts to 6 to 7 bar. To control pressure peaks that may occur, 0 to 10 bar should mostly be selected to have a more robust pressure sensor. A pressure range of 0 to 16 bar is present in the pneumatic supply, i.e. upstream of the pressure reducing devices of the individual plants. 
     In a further development of the invention, a differential pressure measurement can be carried out between two pressure ports. 
     In this process, for example, two pressure ports or two pressure channels are used for the differential pressure measurement. A digital differential pressure measurement takes place here, for example, with two pressure channels or two pressure measurement cells producing a digital differential pressure measurement value as an absolute value in each case. This is also called “electrical differential pressure”. It is, for example, possible for all pressure ports, with two pressure ports always forming a differential pressure channel. The differential pressure channel can also be provided for all the measurement ranges. 
     Two pressure ports or process connections are provided per pressure channel in a differential pressure measurement. The pressure sensor can also measure the difference between the two process connections using a single pressure measurement cell, that is a relative measurement. In contrast to the absolute measurement, this offers the advantage that only one single pressure measurement cell is required per pressure channel. The great advantage of a differential pressure measurement using a pressure measurement cell is that the differential pressure can be determined substantially more accurately since the errors of the individual measurements are not present and the measurement range can be selected as substantially smaller. A differential pressure measurement using two independent pressure measurement cells, that is a respective absolute pressure measurement, produces higher measurement accuracy. 
     A simple flow measurement between two pressure ports can furthermore be provided. A diaphragm is arranged between the pressure ports for this purpose and the pressure measurement cell is configured to determine a flow quantity. This is in particular provided for small measurement ranges from 0 to 0.5 bar. 
     A true differential pressure measurement is provided as the differential pressure measurement, for example. In this respect, a differential pressure measurement cell is used as the pressure measurement cell. It has two pressure ports and determines the differential pressure between these two pressures. This measurement is very precise and can also be used for small measurement ranges. This design requires two pressure ports or process connections and special measurement cells per pressure channel. This process is thus admittedly technically more accurate, but cannot be used for a classical relative pressure measurement. 
     Two relative pressure measurement cells are used as the pressure measurement cell in a digital differential pressure measurement. They are both evaluated individually. The difference formation takes place subsequently by offsetting the two pressure values. It is not possible to achieve such accurate measurement values in comparison with a true differential pressure measurement here. The method is thus less suitable for small measurement ranges. The function is implemented via the evaluation, for example evaluation software. The product can thus be individually adapted to customer wishes. 
     Said differential pressure measurement can be used in a flow measurement. A differential pressure is required for this kind of flow measurement. This differential pressure is detected between two measurement sites, with one measurement site being located upstream of a diaphragm, for example a defined interference point or a constriction in the measurement channel, and one measurement site being located downstream of the diaphragm. A conclusion on the flow rate can be made with knowledge of the information on the pressure drop and the model, namely a geometrical design of the diaphragm. Since the differential pressure is very small here, a real differential pressure measurement delivers better results. 
     A filter monitoring works according to the same principle. One pressure measurement is here carried out upstream of the filter and one pressure measurement is carried out downstream of the filter. The filter clogs and the resistance increases due to the contamination of the filter. The increased resistance provides a greater pressure drop over the filter 
     The use of differential pressure measurement cells enables better results for the flow measurement and for a filter monitoring. 
     In a further development of the invention, the output interface is at least one IO link interface. A communication system for linking intelligent sensors and actuators to an automation system in the standard IEC 61131-9 under the name “single-drop digital communication interface for small sensors and actuators” (SDCIs) is standardized under the name IO link. The standardization here comprises both the electrical connection data and a digital communication protocol via which the sensors and actuators enter into data exchange with the automation system. 
     An IO link system comprises an IO link master and one or more IO link devices, that is sensors, namely the pressure sensor or actuators. The IO link master provides the interface to, for example, a superposed controller (programmable logic controller, PLC) and controls the communication with the connected IO link devices, in particular with the pressure sensor. 
     An IO link master can have one or more IO link ports to which only one respective device can be connected. It can also be a hub that, as a concentrator, enables the connection of classically switching sensors and actuators. 
     An IO link device can be an intelligent sensor, namely the pressure sensor, an actuator, a hub, or, however, due to the bidirectional communication, also a mechatronic component, e.g. a gripper or a power pack having an IO link connection. With respect to IO link, intelligent means that a device, that is the pressure sensor, has identification data, e.g. a type designation and a serial number or parameter data, e.g. sensitivities, switching delays, or characteristics, that can be read or written over the IO link protocol. The changing of parameters can thus take place in part in ongoing operation by the PLC. But intelligent also means that the pressure sensor can deliver detailed diagnostic information. 
     The parameters of the sensors, in particular of the pressure sensor and of the actuators, are specific to the device and technology; there is therefore information on every device in the form of an IODD (IO device description) using the description language XML. 
     Up to 32 bytes can be mapped via IO link process data. The number of possible pressure values in the process datum scales in dependence on the transferred pressure values. The following table provides an overview of exemplary values: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Resolution 
                 Maximum number of 
                   
                   
               
               
                 of pressure 
                 pressure values in 
               
               
                 values in the 
                 the process datum 
                 Possible data 
               
               
                 process datum 
                 (32 bytes/256 bits) 
                 types 
                 Information 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 32 bit 
                 8 
                 Float32, Int32, 
                 Pressure value 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UInt32, etc. 
               
               
                 24 bit 
                 10 
                 Int24, UInt24, 
                 Pressure value 
               
               
                   
                   
                 etc. 
               
               
                 16 bit 
                 16 
                 Int16, UInt16, 
                 Pressure value 
               
               
                   
                   
                 etc. 
               
               
                  8 bit 
                 32 
                 Int8, UInt8, 
                 Pressure value 
               
               
                   
                   
                 etc. 
               
               
                  1 bit 
                 256 
                 Bool, etc. 
                 Switching state 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As already mentioned, handling units having a large number of pressure measurement sites represent an advantageous use of the multi-channel pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is here seated directly on the gripper or robot arm. An actuator system or a control element that has to be controlled by a machine control is also located at this position of the handling unit. The pressure sensor provides electrical output signals to further reduce the cabling effort between the handling unit and the control. 
     Parameter inputs for the pressure sensor by which a controller can switch the outputs of the pressure sensor are provided via an interface, in particular the IO link interface. 
     Pneumatic valves or electrical actuators can be switched by the output signals. Additional digital inputs signals can be advantageous to evaluate further sensor signals such as the location information of grippers. 
     The pressure sensor can, however, for example, also have digital inputs and digital outputs. If the pressure sensor, for example, has the IO link interface and, for example, eight digital inputs and outputs, a user can then control these eight inputs and outputs via IO link. 
     In a further development of the invention, an output interface is at least one 
     Ethernet interface. 
     Ethernet is a technology that specifies software (protocols, etc.) and hardware (cables, distributors, network cards, etc.) for cabled data networks and is also called a LAN technology. It allows the exchange of data in the form of data frames between the devices connected in a local network (LAN), namely the pressure sensor and other devices such as a higher ranking controller. Currently, transmission rates of 1, 10, 100 megabits/s (fast Ethernet), 1000 megabit/s (gigabit Ethernet), 2.5, 5, 10, 40, 50, 100, 200, and 400 gigabits/s are specified. 
     The Ethernet protocols comprise assessments for cable types and plugs as well as for transfer forms, namely the signals on the bit transfer layer, and packet formats. In the OSI model, both the physical layer (cf. OSI layer 1) and the data link layer (cf. ISO layer 2) are fixed by Ethernet. Ethernet vary largely corresponds to the IEEE standard 802.3. 
     An Ethernet device can be an intelligent sensor, namely the pressure sensor, an actuator, a hub, or, however, due to the bidirectional communication, also a mechatronic component, e.g. a gripper having an Ethernet connection. With respect to an Ethernet device, intelligent means that a device, that is the pressure sensor, has identification data, e.g. a type designation and a serial number or parameter data, e.g. sensitivities, switching delays, or characteristics, that can be read or written over the Ethernet protocol. The changing of parameters can thus take place in part in ongoing operation by the PLC. But intelligent also means that the pressure sensor can deliver detailed diagnostic information. 
     The parameters of the sensors, in particular of the pressure sensor and of the actuators, are specific to the device and technology; there is therefore information on every device in the form of a device description using the description language XML 
     Non-real time capable protocols such as htpp, MQTT, OPC. UA, and Modbus were be provided for monitoring applications here. 
     In a further development of the invention, an output interface is at least one fieldbus interface. A fieldbus is a bus system that connects field devices such as the pressure sensor or other sensors, sensing elements and control elements or actuators in a plant for communication with an automation device. If a plurality of communication participants transmit their messages over the same line, it must then be determined who transmits what, namely measured values and commands, when, and with which identification on the fieldbus. Standardized protocols are provided for this. 
     Provided fieldbuses are, for example Profibus, Interbus, CANopen, EtherCAT, Ethernet/IP, PROFINET, etc. 
     In a further development of the invention, at least control buttons are arranged at the housing. The pressure sensor can be simply operated, parameterized, or configured using the control buttons. The control buttons are, for example, formed as membrane keys or capacitive keys or similar. 
     In a further development of the invention, at least one planar display is arranged at the housing. The planar display is, for example, spatially associated with the control buttons. The display and the control buttons together form a user interface for inputting parameters or configurations and likewise for outputting diagnostic information. 
     In a further development of the invention, the control and evaluation unit is programmable. The control and evaluation unit has a memory for this purpose. The control and evaluation unit in particular also has an additional program memory to store and execute user programs. The user programs can be executed on the control and evaluation unit of the pressure sensor. Individual programs of the user or customer can thus be simply integrated on the pressure sensor. The output signals on the digital output interface can thus already be generated after the user program. 
     Provision can, however, also be made that the pressure sensor is also programmable via the anyway present firmware in the control and evaluation unit. A web-based or browser-based programming interface can be provided for this purpose. 
     In a further development of the invention, at least one temperature sensor is arranged in the housing, with the temperature sensor being connected to the control and evaluation unit. 
     The process temperature can, for example, be detected in this process. For example, the temperature of the pressure medium can be directly detected, whereby useful additional information on the process is available. 
     The environmental temperature can, for example, also be detected. An additional useful process parameter is thus likewise available. 
     The temperature or temperatures is/are detected and evaluated continuously or cyclically, for example. 
     In a further development of the invention, at least one vibration sensor is arranged in the housing, with the vibration sensor being connected to the control and evaluation unit. 
     The vibration sensor is, for example, directly connected to the housing of the pressure sensor. Vibrations of the process that have been caused can thus be recorded and analyzed. 
     In a further development of the invention, the pressure port of the pressure measurement cells is connected to the housing via a tube, with a plurality of pressure measurement cells being fastened to a common printed circuit board. 
     The tolerances between the PCB and the housing can be compensated by a flexible connection between the pressure measurement dell and the housing, for example via the tube. Mechanical displacements that occur can thus in particular be compensated on large temperature changes. 
     In a further development of the invention, the pressure port of the pressure measurement cell is directly connected to the housing and each pressure measurement cells is arranged on a respective separate printed circuit board. 
     The process connection of every pressure measurement cell is here directly screwed in the housing. The connection of a pressure measurement cell printed circuit board and of a base module printed circuit board takes place, for example, via plug connectors or flat ribbon cables that enable a tolerance compensation. 
     A cascadable solution is thereby provided with which pressure sensors having a different number of pressure ports can be implemented with an identical internal design. A number of different variants of pressure sensors can thereby be formed. For this purpose, a base module that is connected to or combined with a number of pressure measurement cells is provided for the production of the pressure sensor. A modular system is thus formed. 
     In a further development of the invention, the pressure port of the pressure measurement cells is directly connected to the housing, with a plurality of pressure measurement cells being fastened to a common printed circuit board, with the printed circuit board having connection webs between the printed circuit board parts of the pressure measurement cells. 
     All the components are mounted on one printed circuit board here. The tolerance compensation works, for example, by a mechanical relief of the printed circuit board by milled slots, whereby the connection that is left forms the connection web, or by partly flexible printed circuit boards e.g. at the connection sites, whereby the connection webs are formed. 
     Provision can, however, also be made to use only completely flexible printed circuit boards. 
    
    
     
       The invention will also be explained in the following with respect to further advantages and features with reference to the enclosed drawing and to embodiments. The Figures of the drawing show in: 
         FIG. 1  a schematic representation of a pressure sensor; 
         FIG. 2  a further schematic representation of a pressure sensor; 
         FIG. 3  a schematic representation of a pressure port; 
         FIG. 4  a schematic representation of a pressure sensor in an application; 
         FIG. 5  a housing of a pressure sensor; 
         FIG. 6  a housing of a pressure sensor with control buttons and a display; 
         FIG. 7  examples of pressure measurement cells; 
         FIG. 8  a schematic representation of a printed circuit board with a pressure measurement cell; 
         FIG. 9  a schematic representation of a printed circuit board with a pressure measurement cell; 
         FIG. 10  a schematic representation of printed circuit boards with pressure measurement cells; 
         FIG. 11  a schematic representation of a printed circuit board with connection webs and pressure measurement cells. 
     
    
    
     In the following Figures, identical parts are provided with identical reference numerals. 
       FIG. 1  shows a pressure sensor  1  having a housing  2  with a control and evaluation unit  3 , wherein a plurality of pressure ports  4  are arranged at the housing  2  of the pressure sensor  1 , wherein a pressure measurement cell  5  is associated with every pressure port  4 , wherein the pressure measurement cells  5  are connected to the control and evaluation unit  3 , wherein the pressure sensor  1  has at least one digital output interface  6 , and wherein at least one pressure port  4  is a port for inserting a pressure line  21 , with the pressure line  21  being installable without tools and with the pressure line  21  being surrounded by a seal  22  of the pressure port  4  and being secured against being pulled out. 
     In this respect, for example, a plurality of pressure measurements of, for example, four, eight, sixteen or thirty two, or more individual pressure measurements are possible. In accordance with  FIG. 1 , eight pressure ports  4  are shown. 
       FIG. 4  shows the pressure sensor  1  in an application having a vacuum gripper  28 , a programmable logic controller  29 , and a cloud  30 . An example for such a use or application is a matrix of pneumatic vacuum grippers. These grippers are arranged in a pattern of 4×8, for example. Such a system receives the feedback as to which gripping procedure has been successfully carried out. 
     The data evaluation and the data output by means of the control and evaluation unit  3  and the housing  2  are only present in a single version. A plurality of pressure values or process values can thereby be detected in the same housing  2 . 
       FIG. 5  shows by way of example a housing  2  having the pressure ports  4  on a mounting rail or top hat rail. 
       FIG. 6  shows by way of example a housing  2  having the pressure ports  4  on a mounting rail or top hat rail, wherein the housing has a display  15  and control buttons  14 . The pressure sensor  1  can be simply operated, parameterized, or configured using the control buttons  14 . The control buttons  14  are, for example, formed as membrane keys or capacitive keys or similar. The planar display  15  is, for example, spatially associated with the control buttons  14 . The display  15  and the control buttons  14  together form a user interface for inputting parameters or configurations and likewise for outputting diagnostic information, process data, pressure values, and/or temperature values. 
     In accordance with  FIG. 2 , the control and evaluation unit  3  is programmable. The control and evaluation unit  3  has a memory  23  for this purpose. The control and evaluation unit  3  in particular also has an additional program memory  24  to store and execute user programs. The user programs can be executed on the control and evaluation unit  3  of the pressure sensor  1 . Individual programs of the user or customer can thus be simply integrated on the pressure sensor  1 . The output signals on the digital output interface can thus already be generated after the user program. 
     Provision can, however, also be made that the pressure sensor  1  is also programmable via the anyway present firmware in the control and evaluation unit  3 . A web-based or browser-based programming interface can be provided for this purpose. 
     The pressure port  4  is, in accordance with  FIG. 3 , a port for inserting a pressure line  21 , with the pressure line  21  being installable without tools and with the pressure line being surrounded by a seal  22  of the pressure port  4  and being secured against being pulled out. Such pressure ports  4  are also called push-in fitting ports. An installation of the pressure line  21  to be connected can take place simply manually without any tools being required. The pressure line  21  is inserted into a circular cylindrical mount for this purpose. On the pushing in, the pressure line  21  is surrounded by at least one annular seal  22  and is simultaneously latched, for example by means of an annular latching ring  25  having inwardly facing latching tongues  26  that are displaced or bent over by the introduced pressure line  21 . If the tube is pulled, the latching tongues  26  cant or catch in the surface of the pressure line  21  and prevent a pulling out. 
     To pull the pressure line  21  out, an annular unlatching device  27  that can likewise be actuated by hand without tools is provided at the pressure port  4 . The annular unlatching device  27  is pressed in the direction of the pressure port  4 , whereby the latching tongues  26  of the latching ring  25  are removed from the surface of the pressure line  21 , whereby the pressure line  21  is no longer latched and the pressure line  21  can be removed and pulled out of the pressure port  4  simply by hand. 
     Due to the simplicity of the pressure port  4  and due to flexible pressure lines  21 , the pressure ports  4  can be used simply without the pressure ports  4  having to be exactly positioned and without threaded connections being provided, and the connection can be made without tools. 
     The pressure ports  4  are preferably provided for a relative pressure measurement, for example. A relative pressure measurement relative to the environment takes place here. In this respect, every pressure measurement cell  5  belonging to the pressure port  4  is read in individually by the control and evaluation unit  3  and the measured value is provided or output by the control and evaluation unit  3  on the output interface  6 . A processing, filtering, scaling, and/or calibration takes/take place between the reading and the output, for example. 
     The pressure measurement cell  5  is obtained, for example in accordance with  FIG. 7 , as an SMD component and is mounted on a printed circuit board  18  in accordance with  FIG. 8 . An integrated pressure measurement cell  5  can have the following appearance: 
     The adaptation to the process takes place by means of a mount at the upper side of the SMD component in accordance with  FIG. 7  that is integrated with an exact fit and in a pressure tight manner in the housing  2 . An O ring  31  is for this purpose, for example, placed around a nose of the pressure measurement cell  5  and takes care of the sealing between the housing  2 , in particular the pressure port  4 , and the SMD pressure measurement cell, in a cutout in the housing  2 . The printed circuit board  18  is then fixedly screwed to the housing  2  in the region of the process port. 
     This adaptation has to compensate the location tolerances between the printed circuit board  18 , the mounting tolerances of the SMD components on the printed circuit board  18 , and component tolerances and housing tolerances, and must simultaneously ensure the compressive strength of the process pressure. 
     In accordance with  FIG. 2 , at least one further pressure port is a G ¼ IG  8 , G ¼ AG  9  or ¼ NPT IO pressure port  4  of the pressure sensor  1 . Different connections are thus provided at the pressure sensor  1 , whereby the pressure sensor  1  can be used in a more versatile manner. 
     A G ¼ IG  8  connection is a connection having a ¼ inch internal thread for a high pressure connection. A G ¼ AG  9  connection is a connection having a ¼ inch external thread for a high pressure connection. A ¼″ NPT IO connection is a connection having a ¼ inch external thread for a high pressure connection 
     In accordance with  FIG. 2 , different pressure ports  4  are, for example, associated with different pressure ranges. Different pressure ranges can thereby be evaluated and monitored by a single pressure sensor  1 . For example, at least one first pressure range has the range from 0 to 10 bar and at least one second pressure range has the range from 0 to 16 bar. There for further, for example, also pressure ranges from 0 to 1 bar, 0 to 6 bar, 0 to 16 bar, −1 to 0 bar, −1 to 1 bar, or −1 to 10 bar. 
     A differential pressure measurement can, for example, be carried out between two pressure ports  4 . In this process, for example, two pressure ports  4  or two pressure channels are used for the differential pressure measurement. A digital differential pressure measurement takes place here, for example, with two pressure channels or two pressure measurement cells  5  producing a digital differential pressure measurement value as an absolute value in each case. It is, for example, possible for all pressure ports  4 , with two pressure ports  4  always forming a differential pressure channel. The differential pressure channel can also be provided for all the measurement ranges. 
     Two pressure ports  4  or two process connections are provided, for example, per pressure channel in a differential pressure measurement. The pressure sensor  1  can also measure the difference between the two process connections using a single pressure measurement cell  5 , that is a relative measurement. In contrast to the absolute measurement, this offers the advantage that only one single pressure measurement cell  5  is required per pressure channel. A differential pressure measurement using two independent pressure measurement cells  5 , that is a respective absolute pressure measurement, produces higher measurement accuracy. 
     A simple flow measurement between two pressure ports  4  can furthermore be provided. A diaphragm is arranged between the pressure ports  4  for this purpose and the pressure measurement cell  5  is configured to determine a flow quantity. This is in particular provided for small measurement ranges from 0 to 0.5 bar. 
     In accordance with  FIG. 4 , the output interface is, for example, an IO link interface  11 . Up to 32 bytes can be mapped via IO link process data. The number of possible pressure values in the process datum scales in dependence on the transferred pressure values. 
     As already mentioned, handling units having a large number of pressure measurement sites represent an advantageous use of the multi-channel pressure sensor  1 . The pressure sensor  1  is here seated directly on the gripper or robot arm. An actuator system that has to be controlled by a machine control is also located at this position of the handling unit. The pressure sensor  1  provides electrical output signals of the IO link interface  11  to further reduce the cabling effort between the handling unit and the control. 
     Parameter inputs for the pressure sensor  1  by which a controller can switch the outputs of the pressure sensor  1  are provided via an interface, in particular the IO link interface  11 . 
     Pneumatic valves or electrical actuators can be switched by the output signals of the ID link interface  11 . Additional digital input signals can be advantageous to evaluate further sensor signals such as the location information of grippers. 
     In accordance with  FIG. 4 , a further output interface is, for example, an Ethernet interface  12 . 
     An Ethernet device can be an intelligent sensor, namely the pressure sensor  1 , an actuator, a hub, or, however, due to the bidirectional communication, also a mechatronic component, e.g. a gripper having an Ethernet connection. With respect to an Ethernet device, intelligent means that a device, that is the pressure sensor  1 , has identification data, e.g. a type designation and a serial number or parameter data, e.g. sensitivities, switching delays, or characteristics, that can be read or written over the Ethernet protocol. The changing of parameters can thus take place in part in ongoing operation by the PLC. But intelligent also means that the pressure sensor  1  can deliver detailed diagnostic information. 
     The output interface is optionally a fieldbus interface. Provided fieldbuses are, for example Profibus, Interbus, CANopen, etc. 
     In accordance with  FIG. 2 , at least one temperature sensor  16  is arranged in the housing, with the temperature sensor  16  being connected to the control and evaluation unit  3 . 
     The process temperature can, for example, be detected in this process. For example, the temperature of the pressure medium can be directly detected, whereby useful additional information on the process is available. 
     The environmental temperature can, for example, also be detected. An additional useful process parameter is thus likewise available. 
     The temperature or temperatures are detected and evaluated continuously or cyclically, for example. 
     In accordance with  FIG. 2 , a vibration sensor  17  is arranged in the housing, with the vibration sensor  17  being connected to the control and evaluation unit  3 . 
     The vibration sensor  17  is, for example, directly connected to the housing of the pressure sensor  1 . Vibrations of the process that have been caused can thus be recorded and analyzed. 
     In accordance with  FIG. 2  the pressure port  4  of the pressure measurement cells  5  is connected to the housing  2  via a tube  19 , with a plurality of pressure measurement cells  5  being fastened to a common printed circuit board  18 , in accordance with  FIG. 9 . 
     Temperature influences and/or production tolerances between the PCB and the housing  2  can be compensated via a flexible connection between the pressure measurement cell  5  and the housing  2 , for example via the tube  19 . Mechanical displacements that occur can thus in particular be compensated on large temperature changes. 
     In accordance with  FIG. 10 , the pressure port  4  of the pressure measurement cell  5  is directly connected to the housing and each pressure measurement cell  5  is arranged on a respective separate printed circuit board  18 . 
     The pressure port  4  or process connection of every pressure measurement cell  5  is here directly screwed in the housing  2 . The connection of a pressure measurement cell printed circuit board and of a base module printed circuit board takes place, for example, via plug connectors or flat ribbon cables that enable a tolerance compensation. 
     A cascadable solution is thereby provided with which pressure sensors  1  having a different number of pressure ports  4  can be implemented with an identical internal design. A large number of different variants of pressure sensors  1  can thereby be formed. For this purpose, a base module that is connected to or combined with a number of pressure measurement cells  5  is provided for the production of the pressure sensor  1 . A modular system is thus formed. 
     In accordance with  FIG. 11  the pressure port  4  of the pressure measurement cells  5  is directly connected to the housing  2 , with a plurality of pressure measurement cells  5  being fastened to a common printed circuit board,  18  with the printed circuit board  18  having connection webs between the printed circuit board parts of the pressure measurement cells  5 . 
     All the components are mounted on one printed circuit board here  18 . The tolerance compensation works, for example, by a mechanical relief of the printed circuit board  18  by milled slots, whereby the connection that is left forms the connection web  20 , or by partly flexible printed circuit boards e.g. at the connection sites, whereby the connection webs  20  are formed. 
     Provision can, however, also be made to use only completely flexible printed circuit boards  18 . 
     REFERENCE NUMERALS 
       1  pressure sensor 
       2  housing 
       3  control and evaluation unit 
       4  pressure port 
       5  pressure measurement cell 
       6  digital output interface 
       8  G ¼ IG 
       9  G ¼ AG 
       10  ¼″ NPT 
       11  IO link interface 
       12  Ethernet interface 
       14  control buttons 
       15  display 
       16  temperature sensor 
       17  vibration sensor 
       18  printed circuit board 
       19  tube 
       20  connection webs 
       21  pressure line 
       22  seal 
       23  memory 
       23  program memory 
       25  latching ring 
       26  latching tongues 
       27  unlatching device 
       28  vacuum gripper 
       29  programmable logic controller 
       30  cloud 
       31  O ring