Patent Publication Number: US-11022625-B2

Title: Physical quantity sensor having a movable portion including a frame surrounding a fixed portion fixed to a substrate

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/201,044, filed on Nov. 27, 2018, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-228266 filed on Nov. 28, 2017. The entire disclosures of the above applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to a physical quantity sensor, a physical quantity sensor device, a composite sensor device, an inertial measurement unit, a vehicle positioning apparatus, a portable electronic apparatus, an electronic apparatus, and a vehicle. 
     2. Related Art 
     For example, an acceleration sensor disclosed in JP-A-2007-139505 includes a substrate, a movable portion which is displaceable with respect to the substrate, a movable detection electrode provided at the movable portion, and a fixed detection electrode which is fixed to the substrate and forms an electrostatic capacitor with the movable detection electrode. In this configuration, in a case where acceleration is applied, the movable portion is displaced with respect to the substrate, as a result, the electrostatic capacitor between the movable detection electrode and the fixed detection electrode is displaced, and thus the acceleration can be measured on the basis of a change in a capacitance of the electrostatic capacitor. 
     However, in the acceleration sensor in JP-A-2007-139505, in a case where acceleration in a direction (Z axis direction) perpendicular to the substrate is applied, the movable portion is excessively displaced in the Z axis direction, and thus the movable portion is damaged due to stress caused by the displacement, or the movable portion is brought into contact with the substrate such that so-called “sticking” occurs in which the movable portion is stuck to the substrate. Therefore, there is a problem in that there is concern that the acceleration sensor may not function as an acceleration sensor. 
     SUMMARY 
     An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to provide a physical quantity sensor, a physical quantity sensor device, a composite sensor device, an inertial measurement unit, a vehicle positioning apparatus, a portable electronic apparatus, an electronic apparatus, and a vehicle, capable of reducing excessive displacement of a movable portion. 
     The invention can be implemented as the following configurations. 
     A physical quantity sensor includes a substrate; a fixed portion that is fixed to the substrate; a movable portion that includes a frame part surrounding the fixed portion in a plan view, is connected to the fixed portion, and is displaceable in a first direction with respect to the substrate; and a movable electrode that is supported at the movable portion, in which the frame part includes a first outer edge that is located on one side of the first direction, and is disposed along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and a second outer edge that is located on the other side of the first direction, and is disposed along the second direction, in which the fixed portion is disposed further toward the second outer edge than the first outer edge, and in which the substrate includes a first projection part that overlaps the first outer edge in a plan view, and is disposed to be separated from the first outer edge, and a second projection part that overlaps the second outer edge in a plan view, and is disposed to be separated from the second outer edge. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to reduce excessive displacement of the movable portion due to contact between the first projection part and the second projection part. 
     In the physical quantity sensor, it is preferable that the movable portion is displaced in a third direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction, so as to be brought into contact with the first projection part and the second projection part, and a contact area of the movable portion and the first projection part is larger than a contact area of the movable portion and the second projection part. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to reduce an impact during contact between the movable portion and the first projection part and thus to reduce damage of the movable portion or the first projection part. 
     In the physical quantity sensor, it is preferable that the first projection part and the second projection part are included in the movable portion in a plan view. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to reduce contact between the first projection part and the second projection part, and portions other than the movable portion. 
     It is preferable that the physical quantity sensor further includes an electrode that is disposed in at least a part of a region overlapping the movable portion in a plan view on a surface of the substrate on the movable portion side, and the electrode has the same potential as a potential of the movable portion. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to reduce unintended displacement of the movable portion. 
     It is preferable that the physical quantity sensor further includes a beam that has a longitudinal shape along the first direction and of which one end is connected to the fixed portion; and a spring that connects the other end of the beam to the movable portion, and the substrate includes a third projection part that overlaps the beams in a plan view, and is disposed to be separated from the beam. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to reduce excessive displacement of the movable portion. 
     In the physical quantity sensor, it is preferable that the movable portion includes a stem part that is located inside the frame part in a plan view, and has a longitudinal shape along the first direction, and the substrate includes a fourth projection part that overlaps the stem part in a plan view, and is separated from the stem part. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to reduce excessive displacement of the movable portion. 
     It is preferable that the physical quantity sensor measures acceleration. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to provide the highly convenient physical quantity sensor. 
     A physical quantity sensor device includes the physical quantity sensor; and a circuit element. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor, and thus to provide the physical quantity sensor device with high reliability. 
     A composite sensor device includes a first physical quantity sensor that is the physical quantity sensor; and a second physical quantity sensor that measures a physical quantity which is different from a physical quantity measured by the first physical quantity sensor. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor, and thus to provide the composite sensor device with high reliability. 
     An inertial measurement unit includes the physical quantity sensor; and a control circuit that controls driving of the physical quantity sensor. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor, and thus to provide the inertial measurement unit with high reliability. 
     A vehicle positioning apparatus includes the inertial measurement unit; a reception section that receives a satellite signal on which position information is superimposed from a positioning satellite; an acquisition section that acquires position information of the reception section on the basis of the received satellite signal; an operating section that calculates an attitude of a vehicle on the basis of inertial data output from the inertial measurement unit; and a calculation section that calculates a position of the vehicle by correcting the position information on the basis of the calculated attitude. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to achieve the effect of the inertial measurement unit, and thus to provide the vehicle positioning apparatus with high reliability. 
     A portable electronic apparatus includes the physical quantity sensor; a case in which the physical quantity sensor is accommodated; a processing section that is accommodated in the case and processes data output from the physical quantity sensor; a display section that is accommodated in the case; and a light transmissive cover that closes an opening of the case. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor, and thus to provide the portable electronic apparatus with high reliability. 
     It is preferable that the portable electronic apparatus includes a satellite positioning system, and measures a movement distance or a movement trajectory of a user. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to provide the more highly convenient portable electronic apparatus. 
     An electronic apparatus includes the physical quantity sensor; and a control section that performs control on the basis of a measurement signal output from the physical quantity sensor. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor, and thus to provide the electronic apparatus with high reliability. 
     A vehicle includes the physical quantity sensor; and a control section that performs control on the basis of a measurement signal output from the physical quantity sensor. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor, and thus to provide the vehicle with high reliability. 
     It is preferable that the vehicle includes at least one system among an engine system, a brake system, and a keyless entry system, and the control section controls the system on the basis of the measurement signal. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to control the system with high accuracy. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers reference like elements. 
         FIG. 1  is a plan view illustrating a physical quantity sensor according to a first embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a sectional view taken along a line A-A in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the physical quantity sensor illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating voltages applied to the physical quantity sensor illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 5  is a sectional view taken along a line B-B in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 6  is a sectional view taken along a line C-C in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 7  is a plan view illustrating a physical quantity sensor according to a second embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  is a sectional view taken along a line D-D in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 9  is a plan view illustrating a modification example of the physical quantity sensor illustrated in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 10  is a plan view illustrating a physical quantity sensor according to a third embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  is a sectional view taken along a line E-E in  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 12  is a plan view illustrating a modification example of the physical quantity sensor illustrated in  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 13  is a sectional view illustrating a physical quantity sensor device according to a fourth embodiment. 
         FIG. 14  is a plan view illustrating a composite sensor device according to a fifth embodiment. 
         FIG. 15  is a sectional view of the composite sensor device illustrated in  FIG. 14 . 
         FIG. 16  is an exploded perspective view illustrating an inertial measurement unit according to a sixth embodiment. 
         FIG. 17  is a perspective view of a substrate of the inertial measurement unit illustrated in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 18  is a block diagram illustrating the entire system of a vehicle positioning apparatus according to a seventh embodiment. 
         FIG. 19  is a diagram illustrating an operation of the vehicle positioning apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 20  is a perspective view illustrating an electronic apparatus according to an eighth embodiment. 
         FIG. 21  is a perspective view illustrating an electronic apparatus according to a ninth embodiment. 
         FIG. 22  is a perspective view illustrating an electronic apparatus according to a tenth embodiment. 
         FIG. 23  is a plan view illustrating a portable electronic apparatus according to an eleventh embodiment. 
         FIG. 24  is a functional block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the portable electronic apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 25  is a perspective view illustrating a vehicle according to a twelfth embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, a physical quantity sensor, a physical quantity sensor device, a composite sensor device, an inertial measurement unit, a vehicle positioning apparatus, a portable electronic apparatus, an electronic apparatus, and a vehicle will be described in detail on the basis of embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 
     First Embodiment 
     First, a physical quantity sensor according to a first embodiment will be described. 
       FIG. 1  is a plan view illustrating a physical quantity sensor according to the first embodiment.  FIG. 2  is a sectional view taken along a line A-A in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the physical quantity sensor illustrated in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating voltages applied to the physical quantity sensor illustrated in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 5  is a sectional view taken along a line B-B in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 6  is a sectional view taken along a line C-C in  FIG. 1 . Hereinafter, for convenience of description, three axes orthogonal to each other will be referred to as an X axis, a Y axis, and a Z axis, a direction parallel to the X axis will be referred to as an “X axis direction”, a direction parallel to the Y axis will be referred to as a “Y axis direction”, and a direction parallel to the Z axis will be referred to as a “Z axis direction”. A tip side of each axis in an arrow direction will be referred to as a “positive side”, and an opposite side thereto will be referred to as a “negative side”. A Z axis direction positive side will be referred to as an “upper side”, and a Z axis direction negative side will be referred to as a “lower side”. 
     In the present specification, the term “orthogonal” includes not only a case where two elements intersect each other at 90° but also a case where two elements intersect each other at an angle (for example, 90°±10°) which is slightly inclined from 90°. Specifically, a case where the X axis is inclined by about ±10° with respect to a normal direction to a YZ plane, a case where the Y axis is inclined by about ±10° with respect to a normal direction to an XZ plane, and a case where the Z axis is inclined by about ±10° with respect to a normal direction to an XY plane are also included in the term “orthogonal”. 
     A physical quantity sensor  1  illustrated in  FIG. 1  is an acceleration sensor which can measure an acceleration Ax in the X axis direction. The physical quantity sensor  1  includes a substrate  2 , a sensor element  3  which is provided on the substrate  2  and measures the acceleration Ax (physical quantity) in the X axis direction, and a lid  10  which is bonded to the substrate  2  so as to cover the sensor element  3 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the substrate  2  has a rectangular shape in a plan view. The substrate  2  has a depressed portion  21  which is open to an upper surface side thereof. The depressed portion  21  is formed to be larger than the sensor element  3  so as to include the sensor element  3  inside thereof in a plan view from the Z axis direction. The depressed portion  21  functions as a relief portion for preventing the sensor element  3  from being brought into contact with the substrate  2 . A plan view shape of the substrate  2  is not particularly limited, and may be any shape, for example, a triangular shape, a quadrangular shape such as a trapezoidal shape or a parallelogram shape, a polygonal shape such as a pentagonal shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or an irregular shape. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the substrate  2  includes a mount  22  having a protrusion shape provided on a bottom surface of the depressed portion  21 . The mount  22  is bonded to a first fixed electrode  41 , a second fixed electrode  42 , and a fixed portion  51  provided in the sensor element  3 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the substrate  2  includes groove portions  25 ,  26 , and  27  which are open to the upper surface side thereof, and wires  75 ,  76 , and  77  are respectively disposed in the groove portions  25 ,  26 , and  27 . 
     One end of each of the wires  75 ,  76 , and  77  is exposed to the outside of the lid  10 , and functions as a terminal P for electrical connection to an external device. As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the wire  75  is electrically connected to the first fixed electrode  41  on the mount  22 , the wire  76  is electrically connected to the second fixed electrode  42  on the mount  22 , and the wire  77  is electrically connected to the fixed portion  51  on the mount  22 . The wire  77  has an electrode  771  which is maintained in a state of being insulated from the wires  75  and  76  and is widely disposed on the bottom surface of the depressed portion  21 . 
     As the substrate  2 , a glass substrate made of a glass material (for example, borosilicate glass such as Pyrex glass or Tempax glass (all are registered trademarks)) containing alkali metal ions such as sodium ions may be used. Consequently, as will be described later, the sensor element  3  and the substrate  2  can be bonded together through anodic bonding, and can thus be firmly bonded to each other. However, the substrate  2  is not limited to a glass substrate, and, for example, a silicon substrate or a ceramic substrate may be used. In a case where a silicon substrate is used, from the viewpoint of preventing a short circuit, preferably, a high resistance silicon substrate is used, or a silicon substrate of which a silicon oxide film (insulating oxide) is formed on a surface through thermal oxidation or the like is used. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the lid  10  has a rectangular shape in a plan view. As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the lid  10  has a depressed portion  11  which is open to a lower surface side thereof. The lid  10  stores the sensor element  3  in the depressed portion  11 , and is bonded to the substrate  2 . A storage space S storing the sensor element  3  is formed by the lid  10  and the substrate  2 . A plan view shape of the lid  10  is not particularly limited, and is determined in accordance with a plan view shape of the substrate  2 , and may be any shape such as a triangular shape, a quadrangular shape such as a trapezoidal shape or a parallelogram shape, a polygonal shape such as a pentagonal shape, a circular shape, or an irregular shape. 
     The storage space S is enclosed with an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, or argon, and is preferably substantially in the atmospheric pressure at a usage temperature (−40° C. to 120° C.). In a case where the storage space S is in the atmospheric pressure, viscous resistance increases such that a damping effect is exhibited, and thus vibration of the sensor element  3  can be made to rapidly converge. Thus, the measurement accuracy of the physical quantity sensor  1  for the acceleration Ax is improved. 
     The lid  10  is configured with a silicon substrate in the present embodiment. However, the lid  10  is not limited to a silicon substrate, and, for example, a glass substrate or a ceramic substrate may be used. A method of bonding the substrate  2  and the lid  10  to each other is not particularly limited, and may employ a method which is selected as appropriate depending on a material of the substrate  2  or the lid  10 , and may employ, for example, anodic bonding, activation bonding in which bonding surfaces activated through plasma irradiation are bonded together, bonding using a bonding material such as glass frits, or diffusion bonding in which metal films formed on the upper surface of the substrate  2  and the lower surface of the lid  10  are bonded to each other. In the present embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the substrate  2  and the lid  10  are bonded to each other via glass frits  19  (low melting point glass). 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 3 , the sensor element  3  includes a fixed electrode  4  fixed to the substrate  2 , the fixed portion  51  fixed to the substrate  2 , a beam  59  connected to the fixed portion  51 , a movable portion  52  which is displaceable in the X axis direction with respect to the fixed portion  51 , springs  53  and  54  connecting the fixed portion  51  to the movable portion  52 , and a movable electrode  6  provided at the movable portion  52 . Among the elements, the fixed portion  51 , the beam  59 , the movable portion  52 , the springs  53  and  54 , and the movable electrode  6  are integrally formed. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, a virtual axis which passes through the center of the sensor element  3  and extends in the X axis direction in a plan view from the Z axis direction will be referred to as a “central axis L”. 
     The sensor element  3  may be formed, for example, by patterning a silicon substrate doped with an impurity such as phosphorus (P), boron (B), or arsenic (As) through etching (particularly, dry etching). The sensor element  3  is bonded to the mount  22  through anodic bonding. However, a material of the sensor element  3  or a method of bonding the sensor element  3  to the substrate  2  is not particularly limited. 
     The fixed portion  51  has a bonding part  511  bonded to the mount  22 . The beam  59  is located on the X axis direction positive side of the fixed portion  51 , and has a longitudinal shape along the X axis direction. An end of the beam  59  on the X axis direction negative side is connected to the fixed portion  51 . In other words, the beam  59  has a longitudinal shape which extends from the fixed portion  51  toward the X axis direction positive side. 
     The movable portion  52  has a frame shape in a plan view from the Z axis direction, and surrounds the fixed portion  51 , the springs  53  and  54 , and the first and second fixed electrodes  41  and  42 . As mentioned above, the movable portion  52  has a frame shape, and thus the mass of the movable portion  52  can be increased. Thus, the sensitivity of the physical quantity sensor  1  is improved, and thus the acceleration Ax can be measured with high accuracy. The movable portion  52  has a first opening part  528  in which the first fixed electrode  41  is disposed and a second opening part  529  in which the second fixed electrode  42  is disposed. 
     Regarding of a shape of the movable portion  52 , more specifically, the movable portion  52  has a frame part  521  which surrounds the fixed portion  51 , the springs  53  and  54 , and the first and second fixed electrodes  41  and  42 , a first Y-axis stem part  522  which is located on the X axis direction positive side of the first opening part  528  and extends from the frame part  521  toward the Y axis direction negative side, a first X-axis stem part  523  which extends from a tip of the first Y-axis stem part  522  toward the X axis direction negative side, a second Y-axis stem part  524  which is located on the X axis direction positive side of the second opening part  529  and extends from the frame part  521  toward the Y axis direction positive side, and a second X-axis stem part  525  which extends from a tip of the second Y-axis stem part  524  toward the X axis direction negative side. The first and second Y-axis stem parts  522  and  524  are provided along the spring  53 , and the first and second X-axis stem parts  523  and  525  are disposed along the beam  59 . 
     The movable portion  52  has a first protrusion part  526  which protrudes into the first opening part  528  from the frame part  521  so as to fill a remaining space of the first opening part  528 , and a second protrusion part  527  which protrudes into the second opening part  529  from the frame part  521  so as to fill a remaining space of the second opening part  529 . As mentioned above, the first and second protrusion parts  526  and  527  are provided, and thus the mass of the movable portion  52  can be increased without increasing a size of the movable portion  52 . Thus, it is possible to provide the physical quantity sensor  1  with higher sensitivity. 
     The springs  53  and  54  are elastically deformable. The springs  53  and  54  are elastically deformed, and thus the movable portion  52  can be displaced in the X axis direction with respect to the fixed portion  51 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the spring  53  is located on the X axis direction positive side with respect to the fixed portion  51 , and connects the frame part  521  of the movable portion  52  to the beam  59 . On the other hand, the spring  54  is located on the X axis direction negative side with respect to the fixed portion  51 , and connects the frame part  521  of the movable portion  52  to the fixed portion  51 . Consequently, the movable portion  52  can be supported on both sides in the X axis direction, and an attitude and a behavior of the movable portion  52  are stabilized. Thus, unnecessary vibration (particularly, vibration around the Z axis) other than vibration in the X axis direction can be reduced, and thus the acceleration Ax can be measured with higher accuracy. 
     The fixed electrode  4  includes the first fixed electrode  41  located in the first opening part  528  and the second fixed electrode  42  located in the second opening part  529 . 
     The first fixed electrode  41  has a first fixed portion  413  fixed to the substrate  2 , a first stem portion  411  supported at the first fixed portion  413 , and a plurality of first fixed electrode fingers  412  extending toward both sides in the Y axis direction from the first stem portion  411 . The first fixed portion  413  has a bonding part  413   a  bonded to the mount  22 . 
     The first stem portion  411  has a rod-like longitudinal shape, and one end thereof is connected to the first fixed portion  413 . The first stem portion  411  is inclined with respect to each of the X axis and the Y axis in a plan view from the Z axis direction. Specifically, the first stem portion  411  is inclined such that a separation distance with the central axis L increases toward a tip side thereof. An inclination of an axis L 411  of the first stem portion  411  with respect to the X axis is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10° or more and 45° or less, and is more preferably 10° or more and 30° or less. Consequently, it is possible to reduce spreading of the first fixed electrode  41  in the Y axis direction and thus to miniaturize the sensor element  3 . 
     The first fixed electrode fingers  412  extend toward both sides in the Y axis direction from the first stem portion  411 . In other words, the first fixed electrode fingers  412  have first fixed electrode fingers  412 ′ located on the Y axis direction positive side of the first stem portion  411 , and first fixed electrode fingers  412 ″ located on the Y axis direction negative side. The first fixed electrode fingers  412 ′ and  412 ″ are respectively provided to be separated from each other in a plurality along the X axis direction. 
     Lengths of the plurality of first fixed electrode fingers  412 ′ are gradually reduced toward the X axis direction positive side. On the other hand, lengths of the plurality of first fixed electrode fingers  412 ″ are gradually increased toward the X axis direction positive side. A total length of the first fixed electrode fingers  412 ′ arranged in the Y axis direction is substantially the same as a total length of the first fixed electrode fingers  412 ″ arranged in the Y axis direction. 
     The second fixed electrode  42  has a second fixed portion  423  fixed to the substrate  2 , a second stem portion  421  supported at the second fixed portion  423 , and a plurality of second fixed electrode fingers  422  extending toward both sides in the Y axis direction from the second stem portion  421 . The second fixed portion  423  has a bonding part  423   a  bonded to the upper surface of the mount  22 . 
     The second stem portion  421  has a rod-like longitudinal shape, and one end thereof is connected to the second fixed portion  423 . The second stem portion  421  is inclined with respect to each of the X axis and the Y axis in a plan view from the Z axis direction. More specifically, the second stem portion  421  is inclined such that a separation distance with the central axis L increases toward a tip side thereof. An inclination of an axis L 421  of the second stem portion  421  with respect to the X axis is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10° or more and 45° or less, and is more preferably 10° or more and 30° or less. Consequently, it is possible to reduce spreading of the second fixed electrode  42  in the Y axis direction and thus to miniaturize the sensor element  3 . 
     The second fixed electrode fingers  422  extend toward both sides in the Y axis direction from the second stem portion  421 . In other words, the second fixed electrode fingers  422  have second fixed electrode fingers  422 ′ located on the Y axis direction positive side of the second stem portion  421 , and second fixed electrode fingers  422 ″ located on the Y axis direction negative side. The second fixed electrode fingers  422 ′ and  422 ″ are respectively provided to be separated from each other in a plurality along the X axis direction. 
     Lengths of the plurality of second fixed electrode fingers  422 ′ are gradually increased toward the X axis direction positive side. On the other hand, lengths of the plurality of second fixed electrode fingers  422 ″ are gradually reduced toward the X axis direction positive side. A total length of the second fixed electrode fingers  422 ′ arranged in the Y axis direction is substantially the same as a total length of the second fixed electrode fingers  422 ″ arranged in the Y axis direction. 
     As mentioned above, in the physical quantity sensor  1 , the bonding part  413   a  of the first fixed portion  413  is located on one side of the bonding part  511  of the fixed portion  51 , and the bonding part  423   a  of the second fixed portion  423  is located on the other side thereof, and the three bonding parts  511 ,  413   a , and  423   a  are arranged in the Y axis direction and are provided to be adjacent to each other. Thus, it is possible to more effectively reduce a difference between deviations in the movable portion  52  and the fixed electrode  4  in a case where the substrate  2  is warped or bent due to heat, residual stress, or the like, specifically, among deviations in the X axis direction, the Y axis direction, and the Z axis direction between first movable electrode fingers  611  and the first fixed electrode fingers  412 , particularly, a difference with the deviation in the Z axis direction, and, among deviations in the X axis direction, the Y axis direction, and the Z axis direction between second movable electrode fingers  621  and the second fixed electrode fingers  422 , particularly, a difference with the deviation in the Z axis direction. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the movable electrode  6  includes a first movable electrode  61  located in the first opening part  528  and a second movable electrode  62  located in the second opening part  529 . 
     The first movable electrode  61  has a plurality of first movable electrode fingers  611  which are located on both sides of the first stem portion  411  in the Y axis direction and extend in the Y axis direction. In other words, the first movable electrode fingers  611  have first movable electrode fingers  611 ′ located on the Y axis direction positive side of the first stem portion  411  and first movable electrode fingers  611 ″ located on the Y axis direction negative side thereof. The first movable electrode fingers  611 ′ and  611 ″ are respectively provided to be separated from each other in a plurality along the X axis direction. The first movable electrode fingers  611 ′ extend from the frame part  521  toward the Y axis direction negative side, and the first movable electrode fingers  611 ″ extend from the first X-axis stem part  523  toward the Y axis direction positive side. 
     Each of the first movable electrode fingers  611  is located on the X axis direction positive side with respect to the corresponding first fixed electrode finger  412 , and faces the first fixed electrode finger  412  with a gap therebetween. An electrostatic capacitor is formed between the first movable electrode finger  611  and the first fixed electrode finger  412  during driving of the physical quantity sensor  1 . 
     Lengths of the plurality of first movable electrode fingers  611 ′ are gradually reduced toward the X axis direction positive side. On the other hand, lengths of the plurality of first movable electrode fingers  611 ″ are gradually increased toward the X axis direction positive side. A total length of the first movable electrode fingers  611 ′ arranged in the Y axis direction is substantially the same as a total length of the first movable electrode fingers  611 ″ arranged in the Y axis direction. 
     The second movable electrode  62  has a plurality of second movable electrode fingers  621  which are located on both sides of the second stem portion  421  in the Y axis direction and extend in the Y axis direction. In other words, the second movable electrode fingers  621  have second movable electrode fingers  621 ′ located on the Y axis direction positive side of the second stem portion  421  and second movable electrode fingers  621 ″ located on the Y axis direction negative side thereof. The second movable electrode fingers  621 ′ and  621 ″ are respectively provided to be separated from each other in a plurality along the X axis direction. The second movable electrode fingers  621 ′ extend from the second X-axis stem part  525  toward the Y axis direction negative side, and the second movable electrode fingers  621 ″ extend from the frame part  521  toward the Y axis direction positive side. 
     Each of the second movable electrode finger  621  is located on the X axis direction negative side with respect to the corresponding second fixed electrode finger  422 , and faces the second fixed electrode finger  422  with a gap therebetween. An electrostatic capacitor is formed between the second movable electrode finger  621  and the second fixed electrode finger  422  during driving of the physical quantity sensor  1 . 
     Lengths of the plurality of second movable electrode fingers  621 ′ are gradually increased toward the X axis direction positive side. On the other hand, lengths of the plurality of second movable electrode fingers  621 ″ are gradually reduced toward the X axis direction positive side. A total length of the second movable electrode fingers  621 ′ arranged in the Y axis direction is substantially the same as a total length of the second movable electrode fingers  621 ″ arranged in the Y axis direction. 
     As mentioned above, the sensor element  3  has been described, but a configuration of the sensor element  3  is not particularly limited. For example, each of the first stem portion  411  and the second stem portion  421  may be disposed along the X axis direction. The first fixed electrode fingers  412  may be disposed to extend from the first stem portion  411  toward one side in the Y axis direction. Similarly, the second fixed electrode fingers  422  may be disposed to extend from the second stem portion  421  toward one side in the Y axis direction. One of a set of the first movable electrode  61  and the first fixed electrode  41  and a set of the second movable electrode  62  and the second fixed electrode  42  may be omitted. 
     During an operation of the physical quantity sensor  1 , for example, a voltage V 1  in  FIG. 4  is applied to the movable electrode  6 , and each of the first fixed electrode  41  and the second fixed electrode  42  is connected to a QV amplifier (charge-voltage conversion circuit). An electrostatic capacitor Ca is formed between the first movable electrode finger  611  and the first fixed electrode finger  412 , and an electrostatic capacitor Cb is formed between the second movable electrode finger  621  and the second fixed electrode finger  422 . 
     In a case where the acceleration Ax is applied to the physical quantity sensor  1 , the movable portion  52  is displaced in the X axis direction while deforming the springs  53  and  54  on the basis of the magnitude of the acceleration Ax. The gap between the first movable electrode finger  611  and the first fixed electrode finger  412  and the gap between the second movable electrode finger  621  and the second fixed electrode finger  422  are changed due to the displacement, and capacitances of the electrostatic capacitors Ca and Cb are changed due to the changes of the gaps. Thus, it is possible to measure the acceleration Ax on the basis of the changes of the capacitances of the electrostatic capacitors Ca and Cb. 
     In a case where the capacitance of the electrostatic capacitor Ca increases, the capacitance of the electrostatic capacitor Cb decreases, and, conversely, in a case where the capacitance of the electrostatic capacitor Ca decreases, the capacitance of the electrostatic capacitor Cb increases. Thus, noise can be canceled through a differential operation (subtraction process: Ca−Cb) between a detection signal (a signal corresponding to the magnitude of the capacitance of the electrostatic capacitor Ca) obtained from the wire  75  and a detection signal (a signal corresponding to the magnitude of the capacitance of the electrostatic capacitor Cb) obtained from the wire  76 , and thus it is possible to measure the acceleration Ax with higher accuracy. 
     Here, there is a case where an electric field is applied to the substrate  2  during driving of the physical quantity sensor  1 , and thus movable ions (Na+) are moved in the substrate  2  such that the bottom surface of the depressed portion  21  is charged. Then, an electrostatic attractive force is generated between the bottom surface of the depressed portion  21  and the movable portion  52 , the movable portion  52  is pulled to the substrate  2  side by the electrostatic attractive force, and thus there is concern that an output drift may occur. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , an electrode  771  having the same potential as that of the movable portion  52  is disposed on the bottom surface of the depressed portion  21 , so as to overlap at least a part of the movable portion  52  in a plan view from the Z axis direction. Consequently, the influence of charging of the bottom surface of the depressed portion  21  is reduced, and thus the above-described problem hardly occurs. Particularly, in the present embodiment, the electrode  771  is disposed to overlap the substantially entire region of the movable portion  52  in a plan view from the Z axis direction. Thus, the above-described effect is remarkably exhibited. The electrode  771  is formed integrally with the wire  77 . Thus, the electrode  771  can be made to have the same potential as that of the movable portion  52  with a simple configuration. 
     Returning to the description of the substrate  2 , as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the substrate  2  includes a restriction portion  9  disposed to overlap the movable portion  52 . The restriction portion  9  functions as a stopper which restricts displacement of the movable portion  52  toward the Z axis direction negative side. Excessive displacement of the movable portion  52  toward the Z axis direction negative side can be reduced by providing the restriction portion  9 , and thus it is possible to reduce that excessive stress is applied to the sensor element  3 . Thus, damage of the sensor element  3  is reduced, and thus the physical quantity sensor  1  having high mechanical strength is provided. In a case where the restriction portion  9  is provided, a contact area of when the movable portion  52  is brought into contact with the substrate  2  can be reduced compared with a case where the restriction portion  9  is not provided. Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce the occurrence of so-called “sticking” in which the movable portion  52  is brought into contact with the substrate  2 , and is stuck thereto so as not to return to an original state. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the restriction portion includes a first projection part  91  and a second projection part  92 . Each of the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92  is disposed to overlap the movable portion  52  in a plan view from the Z axis direction. As illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , each of the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92  is disposed to be separated from the movable portion  52 . Consequently, it is possible to reduce contact between the first and second projection parts  91  and  92  and the movable portion  52  in a natural state (stoppage state), and thus the movable portion  52  is smoothly displaced in a case where the acceleration Ax is applied. On the other hand, in a case where an acceleration in the Z axis direction is applied, the movable portion  52  can be more reliably brought into contact with the first and second projection parts  91  and  92 . Thus, it is possible to reduce excessive displacement of the movable portion  52  toward the Z axis direction negative side, and thus to effectively reduce damage of the sensor element  3  due to the displacement. 
     Particularly, in the present embodiment, the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92  are included in the movable portion  52  in a plan view from the Z axis direction. Consequently, it is possible to reduce contact the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92 , and portions other than the movable portion  52 . Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce contact between portions having comparatively low rigidity such as the springs  53  and  54  and the first and second projection parts  91  and  92 , and thus to effectively reduce damage of the sensor element  3  due to contact with the first and second projection parts  91  and  92 . 
     Here, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the frame part  521  of the movable portion  52  has a first outer edge  521   a  which is located on the X axis direction positive side of the fixed portion  51  and is disposed along the Y axis direction, and a second outer edge  521   b  which is located on the X axis direction negative side of the fixed portion  51  and is disposed along the Y axis direction. The first projection part  91  is disposed to overlap the first outer edge  521   a  in a plan view from the Z axis direction, and the second projection part  92  is disposed to overlap the second outer edge  521   b . Consequently, when the movable portion  52  is displaced toward the Z axis direction negative side, both ends of the movable portion  52  in the X axis direction are brought into contact with the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92 , and thus it is possible to effectively reduce a disturbance in an attitude of the movable portion  52  during contact. In other words, unintended stress (stress caused by a disturbance in an attitude) hardly occurs in the sensor element  3  during contact with the restriction portion  9 , and damage of the sensor element  3  can be effectively reduced. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the fixed portion  51  is disposed further toward the second outer edge  521   b  side than the first outer edge  521   a . As a distance to the fixed portion  51  increases, a bending amount generated due to an acceleration in the Z axis direction increases, and thus greater and more powerful displacement occurs in the Z axis direction. In the present embodiment, bending of the beam  59  is applied, and thus the first outer edge  521   a  is more greatly and powerfully displaced in the Z axis direction than the second outer edge  521   b . Thus, the first outer edge  521   a  collides with the restriction portion  9  more powerfully than the second outer edge  521   b . Therefore, in the physical quantity sensor  1 , a contact area M 1  (an area of an upper surface of the first projection part  91 ) between the first outer edge  521   a  and the first projection part  91  is made larger than a contact area M 2  (an area of an upper surface of the second projection part  92 ) between the second outer edge  521   b  and the second projection part  92 . In other words, a relationship of M 1 &gt;M 2  is satisfied. 
     As mentioned above, since a relationship of M 1 &gt;M 2  is satisfied, the contact area M 1  can be sufficiently increased, and thus a contact impact can be distributed. Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce damage (particularly, crack) of the first outer edge  521   a  or the first projection part  91 . On the other hand, since a relationship of M 1 &gt;M 2  is satisfied, the contact area M 2  can be sufficiently decreased. As described above, since the second outer edge  521   b  is not displaced more powerfully than the first outer edge  521   a , even if the contact area M 2  is smaller than the contact area M 1 , it is possible to reduce damage (particularly, crack) of the second outer edge  521   b  or the second projection part  92 . Since the contact area M 2  is small, it is possible to effectively reduce sticking between the second outer edge  521   b  and the second projection part  92 . In other words, in the physical quantity sensor  1 , since appropriate contact areas M 1  and M 2  are set according to the magnitude of an impact caused by contact with the movable portion  52 , a contact area (a total area of the contact areas M 1  and M 2 ) of the restriction portion  9  and the movable portion  52  can be minimized, and thus it is possible to realize both a reduction of damage of the movable portion  52  or the restriction portion  9  and a reduction of sticking. Consequently, it is possible to provide the physical quantity sensor  1  having high reliability. 
     M 2 /M 1  differs depending on a difference between a separation distance between the fixed portion  51  and the first outer edge  521   a  and a separation distance between the fixed portion  51  and the second outer edge  521   b , but is preferably, for example, 0.01 or more and 0.5 or less, and is more preferably 0.03 or more and 0.2 or less. Such a value is taken, and thus the above-described effects can be more remarkably exhibited. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 5 , the first projection part  91  has a longitudinal shape along the Y axis direction, and is brought into contact with the substantially entire region of the first outer edge  521   a  in the longitudinal direction. With this configuration, it is possible to secure the sufficiently large contact area M 1  in a simple manner. Since the first projection part  91  is disposed along the Y axis direction, it is possible to effectively reduce a disturbance (particularly, swinging around the X axis) in an attitude of the movable portion  52  when colliding with the first projection part  91 . 
     On the other hand, as illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 6 , the second projection part  92  is divided into a plurality of division pieces, and the plurality of division pieces are disposed along the Y axis direction. Specifically, the second projection part  92  has a division piece  921  which is disposed to overlap the Y axis direction center of the second outer edge  521   b , a division piece  922  which is disposed to overlap an end of the second outer edge  521   b  on the Y axis direction positive side, and a division piece  923  which is disposed to overlap an end of the second outer edge  521   b  on the Y axis direction negative side. The division pieces  921 ,  922 , and  923  are disposed with gaps along the Y axis direction. With this configuration, the contact area M 2  can be made smaller than the contact area M 1  in a simple manner. Since the division pieces  922  and  923  are disposed to overlap both ends of the second outer edge  521   b  in the Y axis direction, it is possible to effectively reduce a disturbance (particularly, swinging around the X axis) in an attitude of the movable portion  52  when colliding with the second projection part  92 . 
     Each of a separation distance D 1  (refer to  FIG. 5 ) between the movable portion  52  and the first projection part  91  and a separation distance D 2  (refer to  FIG. 6 ) between the movable portion  52  and the second projection part  92  is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and is more preferably 2 μm or more and 5 μm or less. Consequently, it is possible to more relatively reduce contact between the first and second projection parts  91  and  92  and the movable portion  52  in a natural state (stoppage state), and also to rapidly bring the movable portion  52  into contact with the first and second projection parts  91  and  92  when the movable portion  52  is displaced toward the Z axis direction negative side. Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce that excessive stress is applied to the sensor element  3 . 
     The separation distances D 1  and D 2  may be the same as or different from each other. In other words, a relationship therebetween may be D 1 =D 2 , may be D 1 &lt;D 2 , and may be D 1 &gt;D 2 . However, as described above, the first outer edge  521   a  is more easily displaced in the Z axis direction than the second outer edge  521   b , and thus a relationship of D 1 &lt;D 2  is preferable. Consequently, it is possible to effectively reduce unintended contact between the movable portion  52  and the first projection part  91 . 
     As mentioned above, the physical quantity sensor  1  has been described. As described above, the physical quantity sensor  1  includes the substrate  2 , the fixed portion  51  fixed to the substrate  2 , the movable portion  52  which has the frame part  521  surrounding the fixed portion  51  in a plan view, and is connected to the fixed portion  51  and is displaceable in the X axis direction (first direction) with respect to the substrate  2 , and the movable electrode  6  which is supported at the movable portion  52 . The frame part  521  includes the first outer edge  521   a  which is located on the X axis direction positive side (one side) and is disposed along the Y axis direction (second direction) orthogonal to the X axis direction, and the second outer edge  521   b  which is located on the X axis direction negative side (the other side) and is disposed along the Y axis direction. The fixed portion  51  is disposed further toward the second outer edge  521   b  side than the first outer edge  521   a . The substrate  2  includes the first projection part  91  which overlaps the first outer edge  521   a  in a plan view and is disposed to be separated from the first outer edge  521   a , and the second projection part  92  which overlaps the second outer edge  521   b  and is disposed to be separated from the second outer edge  521   b . As mentioned above, since the first and second projection parts  91  and  92  are provided, it is possible to reduce excessive displacement of the movable portion  52  toward the Z axis direction negative side and thus to reduce that excessive stress is applied to the sensor element  3 . Thus, damage of the sensor element  3  is reduced, and thus the physical quantity sensor  1  having high mechanical strength is provided. In a case where the first and second projection parts  91  and  92  are provided, a contact area of when the movable portion  52  is brought into contact with the substrate  2  can be reduced compared with a case where the first and second projection parts  91  and  92  are not provided. Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce the occurrence of so-called “sticking” in which the movable portion  52  is brought into contact with the substrate  2 , and is stuck thereto so as not to return to an original state. 
     As described above, the movable portion  52  is displaced in the Z axis direction (third direction) orthogonal to the X axis direction and the Y axis direction so as to be brought into contact with the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92 , and the contact area M 1  of the movable portion  52  and the first projection part  91  is larger than the contact area M 2  of the movable portion  52  and the second projection part  92 . As mentioned above, since a relationship of M 1 &gt;M 2  is satisfied, the contact area M 1  can be sufficiently increased, and thus a contact impact can be distributed. Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce damage (particularly, crack) of the first outer edge  521   a  or the first projection part  91 . On the other hand, the contact area M 2  can be sufficiently decreased. Consequently, it is possible to effectively reduce sticking. 
     As described above, the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92  are included in the movable portion  52  in a plan view from the Z axis direction. In other words, each of the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92  is disposed not to exceed the movable portion  52  in a plan view from the Z axis direction. Consequently, it is possible to reduce contact between the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92 , and portions other than the movable portion  52 . Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce contact between portions having comparatively low rigidity such as the springs  53  and  54  and the first and second projection parts  91  and  92 , and thus to effectively reduce damage of the sensor element  3  due to contact with the first and second projection parts  91  and  92 . 
     As described above, the substrate  2  includes the electrode  771  which is disposed on a surface (the bottom surface of the depressed portion  21 ) of the substrate  2  on the movable portion  52  side in at least a part of a region overlapping the movable portion  52 . The electrode  771  has the same potential as that of the movable portion  52 . Consequently, it is possible to reduce that the movable portion  52  is pulled to the substrate  2  side by an electrostatic attractive force occurring between the substrate  2  and the movable portion  52 , and thus to effectively reduce an output drift. Particularly, in the present embodiment, the electrode  771  is also disposed on upper surfaces of the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92 . Since an electrostatic attractive force occurring between the substrate  2  and the movable portion  52  increases as a gap therebetween becomes smaller, the electrode  771  is disposed on the upper surfaces of the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92  between which a gap is smaller than that between other portions, and thus it is possible to more effectively reduce an output drift. 
     As described above, the physical quantity sensor  1  is a sensor which can measure acceleration. Consequently, a physical quantity sensor with high convenience is provided. 
     Second Embodiment 
     Next, a description will be made of a physical quantity sensor according to a second embodiment. 
       FIG. 7  is a plan view illustrating a physical quantity sensor according to the second embodiment.  FIG. 8  is a sectional view taken along a line D-D in  FIG. 7 .  FIG. 9  is a plan view illustrating a modification example of the physical quantity sensor illustrated in  FIG. 7 . 
     A physical quantity sensor  1  according to the present embodiment is the same as the physical quantity sensor  1  of the first embodiment except for a difference in a configuration of the restriction portion  9 . In the following description, regarding the physical quantity sensor  1  of the second embodiment, differences from the first embodiment will be focused, and a description of the same contents will be omitted. In  FIGS. 7 to 9 , the same constituent elements as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the restriction portion  9  has a third projection part  93  in addition to the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92 . The third projection part  93  is disposed to overlap the beam  59  in a plan view from the Z axis direction. As illustrated in  FIG. 8 , the third projection part  93  is disposed to be separated from the beam  59 . The third projection part  93  is brought into contact with the beam  59  which is bent toward the Z axis direction negative side due to an acceleration being applied, and thus functions as a stopper which restricts bending of the beam  59  more than that. Consequently, it is possible to reduce excessive bending of the beam  59  and thus to reduce damage of the sensor element  3 . Bending of the beam  59  is reduced by the third projection part  93 , and thus it is possible to suppress displacement of the first outer edge  521   a  toward the Z axis direction negative side. Thus, it is possible to reduce an impact when the first outer edge  521   a  is brought into contact with the first projection part  91 , and thus to effectively reduce damage of the sensor element  3 . 
     A contact time between the third projection part  93  and the beam  59  is preferably earlier than a contact time between the first projection part  91  and the first outer edge  521   a . In other words, preferably, the beam  59  is brought into contact with the third projection part  93  before the first outer edge  521   a  is brought into contact with the first projection part  91 . Consequently, the above-described effect is more remarkably exhibited. However, this is only an example, and a contact time between the third projection part  93  and the beam  59  may be the same as a contact time between the first projection part  91  and the first outer edge  521   a , and may be later than a contact time between the first projection part  91  and the first outer edge  521   a.    
     A separation distance D 3  (refer to  FIG. 8 ) between the beam  59  and the third projection part  93  is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and is more preferably 2 μm or more and 5 μm or less. Consequently, it is possible to more relatively reduce contact between the third projection part  93  and the beam  59  in a natural state (stoppage state), and also to rapidly bring the beam  59  into contact with the third projection part  93  when the beam  59  is displaced toward the Z axis direction negative side. Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce that excessive stress is applied to the sensor element  3 . The separation distance D 3  is preferably shorter than the separation distance D 1  between the first outer edge  521   a  and the first projection part  91 . In other words, a relationship of D 3 &lt;D 1  is preferable. Consequently, the beam  59  can be more reliably brought into contact with the third projection part  93  before the first outer edge  521   a  is brought into contact with the first projection part  91 . 
     The third projection part  93  is located to be closer to the fixed portion  51  than the first projection part  91 . Thus, a contact area M 3  (an area of an upper surface of the third projection part) of the third projection part  93  and the beam  59  is smaller than the contact area M 1  of the first projection part  91  and the first outer edge  521   a . Consequently, it is possible to reduce that the contact area M 3  is increased more than an area sufficient to resist against an impact, and thus to effectively reduce sticking between the beam  59  and the third projection part  93 . 
     As mentioned above, the physical quantity sensor of the present embodiment has been described. As described above, the physical quantity sensor  1  has a longitudinal shape along the X axis direction (first direction), and includes the beam  59  of which one end is connected to the fixed portion  51 , and the spring  53  which connects the other end of the beam  59  to the movable portion  52 . The substrate  2  includes the third projection part  93  which overlaps the beam  59  in a plan view, and is disposed to be separated from the beam  59 . With this configuration, it is possible to reduce excessive bending of the beam  59  and thus to effectively reduce damage of the sensor element  3 . 
     According to the second embodiment, it is also possible to exhibit the same effects as in the first embodiment. As a modification example of the present embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the substrate  2  may include a plurality of third projection parts  93 . In a configuration illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the three third projection parts  93  are disposed with gaps in the X axis direction, and, as a distance from the fixed portion  51  becomes longer, a contact area with the beam  59  increases. 
     Third Embodiment 
     Next, a physical quantity sensor according to a third embodiment will be described. 
       FIG. 10  is a plan view illustrating a physical quantity sensor according to the third embodiment.  FIG. 11  is a sectional view taken along a line E-E in  FIG. 10 .  FIG. 12  is a plan view illustrating a modification example of the physical quantity sensor illustrated in  FIG. 10 . 
     A physical quantity sensor  1  according to the present embodiment is the same as the physical quantity sensor  1  of the first embodiment except for a difference in a configuration of the restriction portion  9 . In the following description, regarding the physical quantity sensor  1  of the third embodiment, differences from the first embodiment will be focused, and a description of the same contents will be omitted. In  FIGS. 10 to 12 , the same constituent elements as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the restriction portion  9  has two fourth projection parts  941  and  942  in addition to the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92 . In a plan view from the Z axis direction, the fourth projection part  941  is disposed to overlap the first X-axis stem part  523  of the movable portion  52 , and the fourth projection part  942  is disposed to overlap the second X-axis stem part  525  of the movable portion  52 . As illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the fourth projection part  941  is disposed to be separated from the first X-axis stem part  523 , and the fourth projection part  942  is disposed to be separated from the second X-axis stem part  525 . The fourth projection parts  941  and  942  are brought into contact with the first and second X-axis stem parts  525  which are bent toward the Z axis direction negative side due to an acceleration being applied, and thus function as a stopper which restricts bending of the movable portion  52  more than that. As mentioned above, the fourth projection parts  941  and  942  are provided in addition to the first projection part  91  and the second projection part  92 , and thus the number of contact locations of the restriction portion  9  and the movable portion  52  is increased such that an impact at the time of contact can be distributed. Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce damage of the sensor element  3  due to contact with the restriction portion  9 . 
     Particularly, the first X-axis stem part  523  is a part supported at the frame part  521  in a cantilever manner via the first Y-axis stem part  522 , and is thus easily bent in the Z axis direction. Therefore, the fourth projection part  941  is disposed to be brought into contact with the first X-axis stem part  523 , and thus it is possible to reduce excessive bending of the first X-axis stem part  523 . Similarly, the second X-axis stem part  525  is a part supported at the frame part  521  in a cantilever manner via the second Y-axis stem part  524 , and is thus easily bent in the Z axis direction. Therefore, the fourth projection part  942  is disposed to be brought into contact with the second X-axis stem part  525 , and thus it is possible to reduce excessive bending of the second X-axis stem part  525 . Thus, it is possible to reduce damage of the sensor element  3 . 
     A separation distance D 4  between the first and second X-axis stem parts  523  and  525  and the fourth projection parts  941  and  942  is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and is more preferably 2 μm or more and 5 μm or less. Consequently, it is possible to more relatively reduce contact between the fourth projection parts  941  and  942  and the first and second X-axis stem parts  523  and  525  in a natural state (stoppage state), and also to rapidly bring the first and second X-axis stem parts  523  and  525  into contact with the fourth projection parts  941  and  942  when the first and second X-axis stem parts  523  and  525  are displaced toward the Z axis direction negative side. Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce that excessive stress is applied to the sensor element  3 . 
     The separation distance D 4  is not particularly limited, and may be at least one of the separation distances D 1  and D 2 . The separation distance D 4  may be longer or shorter than one of the separation distances D 1  and D 2 , and may be longer than one of the separation distances D 1  and D 2  and may be shorter than the other thereof. 
     The fourth projection parts  941  and  942  are located to be closer to the fixed portion  51  than the first projection part  91 . Thus, each of a contact area M 41  (an area of an upper surface of the fourth projection part  941 ) of the first X-axis stem part  523  and the fourth projection part  941  and a contact area M 42  (an area of an upper surface of the fourth projection part  942 ) of the fourth projection part  942  and the second X-axis stem part  525  is smaller than the contact area M 1  of the first projection part  91  and the first outer edge  521   a . Consequently, it is possible to reduce that the contact areas M 41  and M 42  are increased more than an area sufficient to resist against an impact, and thus to effectively reduce sticking between the fourth projection parts  941  and  942  and the first and second X-axis stem parts  523  and  525 . 
     As mentioned above, the physical quantity sensor of the present embodiment has been described. As described above, in the physical quantity sensor  1 , the movable portion  52  includes the first and second X-axis stem parts  523  and  525  (step parts) which are located inside the frame part  521  and have a longitudinal shape along the X axis direction in a plan view. The substrate  2  includes the fourth projection parts  941  and  942  which overlap the first and second X-axis stem parts  523  and  525  in a plan view, and are disposed to be separated from the first and second X-axis stem parts  523  and  525 . With this configuration, the number of contact locations of the restriction portion  9  and the movable portion  52  is increased, and thus an impact at the time of contact can be distributed. Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce damage of the sensor element  3  due to contact with the restriction portion  9 . 
     According to the third embodiment, it is also possible to exhibit the same effects as in the first embodiment. As a modification example of the present embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the substrate  2  may include a plurality of fourth projection parts  941  and  942 . In a configuration illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the three fourth projection parts  941  are disposed with gaps in the X axis direction, and, as a distance from the fixed portion  51  becomes longer, a contact area with the first X-axis stem part  523  increases. Similarly, the three fourth projection parts  942  are disposed with gaps in the X axis direction, and, as a distance from the fixed portion  51  becomes longer, a contact area with the second X-axis stem part  525  increases. 
     Fourth Embodiment 
     Next, a description will be made of a physical quantity sensor device according to a fourth embodiment. 
       FIG. 13  is a sectional view illustrating a physical quantity sensor device according to the fourth embodiment. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 13 , a physical quantity sensor device  5000  includes the physical quantity sensor  1 , a semiconductor element  5900  (circuit element), and a package  5100  storing the physical quantity sensor  1  and the semiconductor element  5900 . As the physical quantity sensor  1 , any physical quantity sensor of the above-described embodiments may be used. 
     The package  5100  includes a cavity-like base  5200 , and a lid  5300  bonded to an upper surface of the base  5200 . The base  5200  has a depressed portion  5210  which is open to the upper surface. The depressed portion  5210  includes a first depressed part  5211  which is open to the upper surface of the base  5200  and a second depressed part  5212  which is open to a bottom surface of the first depressed part  5211 . 
     On the other hand, the lid  5300  has a tabular shape, and is bonded to the upper surface of the base  5200  so as to close the opening of the depressed portion  5210 . As mentioned above, the opening of the depressed portion  5210  is closed by the lid  5300 , so that a storage space S 2  is formed in the package  5100 , and the physical quantity sensor  1  and the semiconductor element  5900  are stored in the storage space S 2 . A method of bonding the base  5200  to the lid  5300  is not particularly limited, and, in the present embodiment, seam welding using a seam ring  5400  is used. 
     The storage space S 2  is air-tightly sealed. An atmosphere of the storage space S 2  is not particularly limited, and is preferably the same as, for example, an atmosphere of the storage space S of the physical quantity sensor  1 . Consequently, even if the airtightness of the storage space S is broken, and thus the storage spaces S and S 2  communicate with each other, the atmosphere of the storage space S can be maintained without any change. Thus, it is possible to reduce a change in a measurement characteristic of the physical quantity sensor  1  due to a change in the atmosphere of the storage space S, and thus to exhibit a stable measurement characteristic. 
     A constituent material of the base  5200  is not particularly limited, and various ceramics such as alumina, zirconia, or titania may be used. A constituent material of the lid  5300  is not particularly limited, and a member having a linear expansion coefficient similar to that of a constituent material of the base  5200  may be used. For example, in a case where the above-described ceramic is used as a constituent material of the base  5200 , an alloy such as Kovar is preferably used. 
     The base  5200  includes a plurality of internal terminals  5230  disposed in the storage space S 2  (a bottom surface of the first depressed part  5211 ) and a plurality of external terminals  5240  disposed on a bottom surface thereof. Each internal terminal  5230  is electrically connected to a predetermined external terminal  5240  via an internal wire (not illustrated) disposed in the base  5200 . 
     The physical quantity sensor  1  is fixed to the bottom surface of the depressed portion  5210  via a die attach material DA, and the semiconductor element  5900  is disposed on the upper surface of the physical quantity sensor  1  via the die attach material DA. The physical quantity sensor  1  is electrically connected to the semiconductor element  5900  via a bonding wire BW 1 , and the semiconductor element  5900  is electrically connected to the internal terminals  5230  via a bonding wire BW 2 . 
     The semiconductor element  5900  includes, as necessary, for example, a drive circuit which applies a drive voltage to the sensor element  3 , a measurement circuit which measures the acceleration Ax on the basis of an output from the sensor element  3 , and an output circuit which converts a signal from the measurement circuit into a predetermined signal which is then output. 
     As mentioned above, the physical quantity sensor device  5000  has been described. The physical quantity sensor device  5000  includes the physical quantity sensor  1  and the semiconductor element  5900  (circuit element). Thus, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor  1 , and thus to provide the physical quantity sensor device  5000  with high reliability. 
     Fifth Embodiment 
     Next, a description will be made of a composite sensor device according to a fifth embodiment. 
       FIG. 14  is a plan view illustrating a composite sensor device according to the fifth embodiment.  FIG. 15  is a sectional view of the composite sensor device illustrated in  FIG. 14 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 14 and 15 , a composite sensor device  4000  includes a base substrate  4100 , a semiconductor element  4200  (circuit element) attached to an upper surface of the base substrate  4100  via a die attach material DA (resin adhesive), an acceleration sensor  4300  (first physical quantity sensor) and an angular velocity sensor  4400  (second physical quantity sensor) attached to an upper surface of the semiconductor element  4200  via a die attach material, and a resin package  4500  covering the semiconductor element  4200 , the acceleration sensor  4300 , and the angular velocity sensor  4400 . The acceleration sensor  4300  is a three-axis acceleration sensor which can separately measure accelerations in three axes (the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis) orthogonal to each other. The angular velocity sensor  4400  is a three-axis angular velocity sensor which can separately measure angular velocities in three axes (the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis) orthogonal to each other. The physical quantity sensor of the present embodiment may be used as the acceleration sensor  4300  and the angular velocity sensor  4400 . 
     The base substrate  4100  is provided with a plurality of connection terminals  4110  on an upper surface thereof, and is provided with a plurality of external terminals  4120  on a lower surface thereof. Each connection terminal  4110  is electrically connected to a corresponding external terminal  4120  via an internal wire or the like (not illustrated) disposed in the base substrate  4100 . The semiconductor element  4200  is disposed on the upper surface of the base substrate  4100 . 
     The semiconductor element  4200  includes, as necessary, for example, a drive circuit which drives the acceleration sensor  4300  and the angular velocity sensor  4400 , an acceleration measurement circuit which separately measures an acceleration in the X axis direction, an acceleration in the Y axis direction, and an acceleration in the Z axis direction on the basis of outputs from the acceleration sensor  4300 , an angular velocity measurement circuit which separately measures an angular velocity about the X axis, an angular velocity about the Y axis, and an angular velocity about the Z axis on the basis of outputs from the angular velocity sensor  4400 , and an output circuit which converts a signal from each of the acceleration measurement circuit and the angular velocity measurement circuit into a predetermined signal which is then output. 
     The semiconductor element  4200  is electrically connected to the acceleration sensor  4300  via bonding wires BW 3 , electrically connected to the angular velocity sensor  4400  via bonding wires BW 4 , and electrically connected to the connection terminals  4110  of the base substrate  4100  via bonding wires BW 5 . The acceleration sensor  4300  and the angular velocity sensor  4400  are disposed side by side on the upper surface of the semiconductor element  4200 . 
     As mentioned above, the composite sensor device  4000  has been described. As described above, the composite sensor device  4000  includes the acceleration sensor  4300  (first physical quantity sensor), and the angular velocity sensor  4400  (second physical quantity sensor) which measures a physical quantity which is different from that of the acceleration sensor  4300 . Consequently, it is possible to provide the composite sensor device  4000  which can measure different kinds of physical quantities and thus has high convenience. Particularly, in the present embodiment, the first physical quantity sensor is the acceleration sensor  4300  which measures accelerations, and the second physical quantity sensor is the angular velocity sensor  4400  which measures angular velocities. Thus, for example, it is possible to provide the composite sensor device  4000  which may be used for a motion sensor and thus has considerably high convenience. 
     Disposition of the acceleration sensor  4300  and the angular velocity sensor  4400  is not particularly limited, and, for example, the acceleration sensor  4300  and the angular velocity sensor  4400  may be attached to the upper surface of the base substrate  4100  with the semiconductor element  4200  interposed therebetween. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce a height of the composite sensor device  4000 . 
     Sixth Embodiment 
     Next, a description will be made of an inertial measurement unit according to a sixth embodiment. 
       FIG. 16  is an exploded perspective view illustrating an inertial measurement unit according to the sixth embodiment.  FIG. 17  is a perspective view of a substrate of the inertial measurement unit illustrated in  FIG. 16 . 
     An inertial measurement unit (IMU)  2000  illustrated in  FIG. 16  is an inertial measurement unit which detects an attitude or a behavior (moment of inertia) of a motion object (mounting apparatus) such as an automobile or a robot. The inertial measurement unit  2000  functions as a so-called six-axis motion sensor including a three-axis acceleration sensor and a three-axis angular velocity sensor. 
     The inertial measurement unit  2000  is a cuboid of which a planner shape is substantially a square shape. Screw holes  2110  as fixation parts are formed near two vertexes located in a diagonal direction of the square shape. The inertial measurement unit  2000  may be mounted to a mounting surface of a mounting object such as an automobile by inserting two screws into the two screw holes  2110 . The inertial measurement unit  2000  may be reduced to a size so as to be mountable on, for example, a smart phone or a digital camera through selection of components or a design change. 
     The inertial measurement unit  2000  includes an outer case  2100 , a bonding member  2200 , and a sensor module  2300 , and has a configuration in which the sensor module  2300  is inserted into the outer case  2100  via the bonding member  2200 . The sensor module  2300  has an inner case  2310  and a substrate  2320 . 
     An outer shape of the outer case  2100  is a cuboidal shape of which a planar shape is a square shape in the same manner as the entire shape of the inertial measurement unit  2000 , and the screw holes  2110  are formed near two vertexes located in the diagonal direction of the square. The outer case  2100  has a box shape, and stores the sensor module  2300  therein. 
     The inner case  2310  is a member supporting the substrate  2320 , and has a shape accommodated inside the outer case  2100 . The inner case  2310  is provided with a depressed portion  2311  for preventing contact with the substrate  2320  or an opening  2312  for exposing a connector  2330  which will be described later. The inner case  2310  is bonded to the outer case  2100  via the bonding member  2200  (for example, a packing impregnated with an adhesive). A lower surface of the inner case  2310  is bonded to the substrate  2320  via an adhesive. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 17 , the connector  2330 , an angular velocity sensor  2340   z  measuring an angular velocity about the Z axis, an acceleration sensor  2350  measuring an acceleration in each of the X axis direction, the Y axis direction, and the Z axis direction, and the like are mounted on an upper surface of the substrate  2320 . An angular velocity sensor  2340   x  measuring an angular velocity about the X axis, and an angular velocity sensor  2340   y  measuring an angular velocity about the Y axis are mounted on a side surface of the substrate  2320 . The physical quantity sensor of the present embodiment may be used as the sensors  2340   z ,  2340   x ,  2340   y , and  2350 . 
     A control IC  2360  is mounted on a lower surface of the substrate  2320 . The control IC  2360  is a micro controller unit (MCU), has a storage section including a nonvolatile memory or an A/D converter built thereinto, and controls each element of the inertial measurement unit  2000 . The storage section stores a program for defining an order and contents for measuring acceleration and angular velocity, a program for digitalizing measured data to be incorporated into packet data, accompanying data, and the like. A plurality of other electronic components are mounted on the substrate  2320 . 
     As mentioned above, the inertial measurement unit  2000  has been described. As described above, the inertial measurement unit  2000  includes angular velocity sensors  2340   z ,  2340   x , and  2340   y , and the acceleration sensor  2350  as physical quantity sensors, and the control IC  2360  (control circuit) controlling driving of the sensors  2340   z ,  2340   x ,  2340   y , and  2350 . Consequently, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor, and thus to provide the inertial measurement unit  2000  with high reliability. 
     Seventh Embodiment 
     Next, a description will be made of a vehicle positioning apparatus according to a seventh embodiment. 
       FIG. 18  is a block diagram illustrating the entire system of a vehicle positioning apparatus according to the seventh embodiment.  FIG. 19  is a diagram illustrating an operation of the vehicle positioning apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 18 . 
     A vehicle positioning apparatus  3000  illustrated in  FIG. 18  is an apparatus which is mounted on a vehicle and is used to perform positioning of the vehicle. A vehicle is not particularly limited, and may be any of a bicycle, an automobile (including a four-wheeled vehicle and a motorcycle), an electric train, an airplane, and a ship, and, in the present embodiment, a four-wheeled vehicle will be described. The vehicle positioning apparatus  3000  includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU)  3100 , a calculation processing section (calculation processor)  3200 , a GPS reception section  3300 , a reception antenna  3400 , a position information acquisition section  3500 , a position combination section  3600 , a processing section (processor)  3700 , a communication section  3800 , and a display section  3900 . The inertial measurement unit  2000  may be used as the inertial measurement unit  3100 . 
     The inertial measurement unit  3100  includes a three-axis acceleration sensor  3110  and a three-axis angular velocity sensor  3120 . The calculation processing section  3200  receives acceleration data from the acceleration sensor  3110  and receives angular velocity data from the angular velocity sensor  3120 , performs inertial navigation calculation process on the data, and outputs inertial navigation positioning data (data including acceleration and an attitude of the vehicle). 
     The GPS reception section  3300  receives a signal (a GPS carrier wave; a satellite signal on which position information is superimposed) from a GPS satellite via the reception antenna  3400 . 
     The position information acquisition section  3500  outputs GPS positioning data indicating a position (latitude, longitude, and altitude), velocity, and an azimuth of the vehicle positioning apparatus  3000  (vehicle) on the basis of the signal received by the GPS reception section  3300 . The GPS positioning data includes status data indicating a reception state, a reception time, and the like. 
     The position combination section  3600  calculates a position of the vehicle, specifically, a position where the vehicle is traveling on the ground on the basis of the inertial navigation positioning data output from the calculation processing section  3200  and the GPS positioning data output from the position information acquisition section  3500 . For example, in a case where positions of the vehicle included in the GPS positioning data are the same as each other, but attitudes of the vehicle are different from each other due to the influence of an inclination of the ground, the vehicle travels at different positions on the ground, as illustrated in  FIG. 19 . Thus, an accurate position of the vehicle cannot be calculated by using only the GPS positioning data. Therefore, the position combination section  3600  calculates a position where the vehicle travels on the ground by using the inertial navigation positioning data (particularly, data regarding an attitude of the vehicle). The determination can be relatively easily performed through calculation using a trigonometric function (an inclination θ for a vertical direction). 
     Position data output from the position combination section  3600  is subjected to a predetermined process in the processing section  3700 , and is displayed on the display section  3900  as a positioning result. The position data may be transmitted to an external apparatus via the communication section  3800 . 
     As mentioned above, the vehicle positioning apparatus  3000  has been described. As described above, the vehicle positioning apparatus  3000  includes the inertial measurement unit  3100 , the GPS reception section  3300  (reception section) which receives a satellite signal on which position information is superimposed from a positioning satellite, the position information acquisition section  3500  (acquisition section) which acquires position information of the GPS reception section  3300  on the basis of the received satellite signal, the calculation processing section  3200  (operating section) which calculates an attitude of a vehicle on the basis of inertial navigation positioning data (inertial data) output from the inertial measurement unit  3100 , and the position combination section  3600  (calculation section) which calculates a position of the vehicle by correcting the position information on the basis of the calculated attitude. Consequently, it is possible to achieve the effect of the inertial measurement unit  2000  and thus to provide the vehicle positioning apparatus  3000  with high reliability. 
     Eighth Embodiment 
     Next, a description will be made an electronic apparatus according to an eighth embodiment. 
       FIG. 20  is a perspective view illustrating an electronic apparatus according to the eighth embodiment. 
     A mobile type (or notebook type) personal computer  1100  illustrated in  FIG. 20  is an apparatus to which an electronic apparatus of the present embodiment is applied. The personal computer  1100  is configured with a main body section  1104  including a keyboard  1102  and a display unit  1106  including a display section  1108 , and the display unit  1106  is rotatably supported with respect to the main body section  1104  via a hinge structure section. The personal computer  1100  includes the physical quantity sensor  1 , and a control circuit  1110  (control unit (controller)) which performs control on the basis of a measurement signal output from the physical quantity sensor  1 . Any of the above-described physical quantity sensors of the respective embodiments may be used as the physical quantity sensor  1 . 
     Such a personal computer  1100  (electronic apparatus) includes the physical quantity sensor  1 , and the control circuit  1110  (control unit) which performs control on the basis of a measurement signal output from the physical quantity sensor  1 . Thus, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor  1  and thus to realize high reliability. 
     Ninth Embodiment 
     Next, a description will be made of an electronic apparatus according to a ninth embodiment. 
       FIG. 21  is a perspective view illustrating an electronic apparatus according to the ninth embodiment. 
     A mobile phone  1200  (including a PHS) illustrated in  FIG. 21  is a phone to which an electronic apparatus of the present embodiment is applied. The mobile phone  1200  includes an antenna (not illustrated), a plurality of operation buttons  1202 , an earpiece  1204 , and a mouthpiece  1206 , and a display section  1208  is disposed between the operation buttons  1202  and the earpiece  1204 . The mobile phone  1200  includes the physical quantity sensor  1 , and a control circuit  1210  (control section (controller)) which performs control on the basis of a measurement signal output from the physical quantity sensor  1 . 
     Such a mobile phone  1200  (electronic apparatus) includes the physical quantity sensor  1 , and the control circuit  1210  (control section) which performs control on the basis of a measurement signal output from the physical quantity sensor  1 . Thus, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor  1  and thus to realize high reliability. 
     Tenth Embodiment 
     Next, a description will be made of an electronic apparatus according to a tenth embodiment. 
       FIG. 22  is a perspective view illustrating an electronic apparatus according to the tenth embodiment. 
     A digital still camera  1300  illustrated in  FIG. 22  is a phone to which an electronic apparatus of the present embodiment is applied. The digital still camera  1300  includes a case  1302 , and a display section  1310  is provided on a rear surface of the case  1302 . The display section  1310  performs display on the basis of an imaging signal generated by a CCD, and functions as a view finder which displays a subject as an electronic image. A light reception unit  1304  which includes an optical lens (imaging optical system), a CCD, and the like is provided on a front surface side (the rear surface side in  FIG. 22 ) of the case  1302 . When a photographer confirms a subject image displayed on the display section  1310  and presses a shutter button  1306 , an imaging signal of the CCD at this point is transmitted to and stored in a memory  1308 . The digital still camera  1300  includes the physical quantity sensor  1 , and a control circuit  1320  (control section (controller)) which performs control on the basis of a measurement signal output from the physical quantity sensor  1 . The physical quantity sensor  1  is used for, for example, camera shaking correction. 
     The digital still camera  1300  (electronic apparatus) includes the physical quantity sensor  1 , and a control circuit  1320  (control section (controller)) which performs control on the basis of a measurement signal output from the physical quantity sensor  1 . Thus, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor  1  and thus to realize high reliability. 
     The electronic apparatus of the present embodiment is applicable not only to the personal computer and the mobile phone of the above-described embodiments and the digital still camera of the present embodiment but also to, for example, a smart phone, a tablet terminal, a watch (including a smart watch), an ink jet type ejection apparatus (for example, an ink jet printer), a laptop type personal computer, a television set, a wearable terminal such as a head mounted display (HMD), a video camera, a video tape recorder, a car navigation apparatus, a pager, an electronic organizer (including a communication function), an electronic dictionary, an electronic calculator, an electronic gaming machine, a word processor, a workstation, a videophone, a security television monitor, electronic binoculars, a POS terminal, a medical apparatus (for example, an electronic thermometer, a sphygmomanometer, a blood glucose monitoring system, an electrocardiographic apparatus, an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, or an electronic endoscope), a fish-finder, various measurement apparatuses, an apparatus for mobile terminal base station, meters and gauges (for example, meters and gauges of vehicles, aircrafts, and ships), a flight simulator, and a network server. 
     Eleventh Embodiment 
     Next, a description will be made of a portable electronic apparatus according to an eleventh embodiment. 
       FIG. 23  is a plan view illustrating a portable electronic apparatus according to the eleventh embodiment.  FIG. 24  is a functional block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the portable electronic apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 23 . 
     A wristwatch type activity meter  1400  (activity tracker) illustrated in  FIG. 23  is a wrist apparatus to which a portable electronic apparatus of the present embodiment is applied. The activity meter  1400  is mounted on a part (subject) such as a user&#39;s wrist via a band  1401 . The activity meter  1400  is provided with a display section  1402  performing digital display, and can perform wireless communication. A physical quantity sensor according to the present embodiment of the invention is incorporated into the activity meter  1400  as an acceleration sensor  1408  measuring acceleration or an angular velocity sensor  1409  measuring angular velocity. 
     The activity meter  1400  includes a case  1403  in which the acceleration sensor  1408  and the angular velocity sensor  1409  are accommodated, a processing section (processor)  1410  which is accommodated in the case  1403  and processes data output from the acceleration sensor  1408  and the angular velocity sensor  1409 , the display section  1402  which is accommodated in the case  1403 , and a light transmissive cover  1404  which closes an opening of the case  1403 . A bezel  1405  is provided outside the light transmissive cover  1404 . A plurality of operation buttons  1406  and  1407  are provided on a side surface of the case  1403 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 24 , the acceleration sensor  1408  measures respective accelerations in three axial directions which intersect (ideally, orthogonal to) each other, and outputs signals (acceleration signal) corresponding to magnitudes and directions of the measured three-axis accelerations. The angular velocity sensor  1409  measures respective angular velocities in three axial directions which intersect (ideally, orthogonal to) each other, and outputs signals (angular velocity signals) corresponding to magnitudes and directions of the measured three-axis angular velocities. 
     A liquid crystal display (LCD) configuring the display section  1402  displays, according to various measurement modes, for example, position information using a GPS sensor  1411  or a geomagnetic sensor  1412 , motion information such as a movement amount or a motion amount using the acceleration sensor  1408  or the angular velocity sensor  1409 , biological information such as a pulse rate using a pulse sensor  1413 , or time information such as the current time. An environment temperature using a temperature sensor  1414  may be displayed. 
     A communication section  1415  performs various pieces of control for establishing communication between a user terminal and an information terminal (not illustrated). The communication section  1415  is configured to include a transceiver conforming to a short-range radio communication standard such as Bluetooth (registered trademark) (including Bluetooth Low Energy (BILE)), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (registered trademark), Zigbee (registered trademark), near field communication (NFC), or ANT+(registered trademark), and a connector conforming to a communication bus standard such as Universal Serial Bus (USB). 
     The processing section (processor)  1410  is configured with, for example, a micro processing unit (MPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The processing section  1410  performs various processes on the basis of a program stored in a storage section  1416  and a signal which is input from an operation section  1417  (for example, the operation buttons  1406  and  1407 ). The processes in the processing section  1410  include, for example, a data process on an output signal from each of the GPS sensor  1411 , the geomagnetic sensor  1412 , a pressure sensor  1418 , the acceleration sensor  1408 , the angular velocity sensor  1409 , the pulse sensor  1413 , the temperature sensor  1414 , and a clocking section  1419 , a display process of displaying an image on the display section  1402 , a sound output process of outputting sounds from a sound output section  1420 , a communication process of performing communication with an information terminal via the communication section  1415 , and a power control process of supplying power to each section from a battery  1421 . 
     The activity meter  1400  may have at least the following functions. 
     1. Distance: A total distance is measured from measurement starting by using a highly accurate GPS function. 
     2. Pace: The current traveling pace is displayed through pace distance measurement. 
     3. Average speed: An average speed is calculated from average speed traveling starting to the current time, and is displayed. 
     4. Elevation: Elevation is measured and displayed by using the GPS function. 
     5. Stride: Strides are measured even in a tunnel or the like which GPS electric waves do not reach, and are displayed. 
     6. Pitch: The number of steps per minute is measured and displayed. 
     7. Pulse rate: A pulse rate is measured by using the pulse sensor, and is displayed. 
     8. Gradient: A gradient of the ground is measured and displayed in training or trailing in a mountainous region. 
     9. Auto lap: Lap measurement is automatically performed in a case where a user runs a predetermined distance or a predetermined time set in advance. 
     10. Motion calorie consumption: Calorie consumption is displayed. 
     11. Number of steps: A sum of the number of steps from motion starting is displayed. 
     The activity meter  1400  (portable electronic apparatus) includes the physical quantity sensor  1 , the case  1403  in which the physical quantity sensor  1  is accommodated, the processing section  1410  which is accommodated in the case  1403  and processes data output from the physical quantity sensor  1 , the display section  1402  which is accommodated in the case  1403 , and the light transmissive cover  1404  which closes the opening of the case  1403 . Thus, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor  1  and thus to realize high reliability. 
     As described above, the activity meter  1400  includes the GPS sensor  1411  (satellite positioning system), and can thus measure a movement distance or a movement trajectory of a user. Thus, it is possible to provide the highly convenient activity meter  1400 . 
     The activity meter  1400  may be widely applied to a running watch, a runner&#39;s watch, a multi-sports compatible runner&#39;s watch such as duathlon and triathlon, an outdoor watch, and a satellite positioning system, for example, a GPS watch with a GPS. 
     In the above description, a global positioning system (GPS) has been described as a satellite positioning system, but other global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) may be used. For example, one, or two or more satellite positioning systems such as a European geostationary-satellite navigation overlay service (EGNOS), a quasi zenith satellite system (QZSS), a global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), GALILEO, and a Beidou navigation satellite system (BeiDou) may be used. As at least one of the satellite positioning systems, a satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) such as a wide area augmentation system (WAAS) or a European geostationary-satellite navigation overlay service (EGNOS) may be used. 
     Twelfth Embodiment 
     Next, a description will be made of a vehicle according to a twelfth embodiment. 
       FIG. 25  is a perspective view illustrating a vehicle according to the twelfth embodiment. 
     An automobile  1500  illustrated in  FIG. 25  is an automobile to which a vehicle of the present embodiment is applied. In  FIG. 25 , the automobile  1500  includes at least one system  1510  among an engine system, a brake system, and a keyless entry system. The physical quantity sensor  1  is built into the automobile  1500 , and a measurement signal in the physical quantity sensor  1  is supplied to a control device  1502 . The control device  1502  may control the system  1510  on the basis of the signal. 
     Such an automobile  1500  (vehicle) includes the physical quantity sensor  1 , and the control device  1502  (control section (controller)) which performs control on the basis of a measurement signal output from the physical quantity sensor  1 . Thus, it is possible to achieve the effect of the physical quantity sensor  1  and thus to realize high reliability. The automobile  1500  includes at least one system  1510  among an engine system, a brake system, and a keyless entry system, and the control device  1502  controls the system  1510  on the basis of a measurement signal. Consequently, it is possible to control the system  1510  with high accuracy. 
     The physical quantity sensor  1  is widely applicable to electronic control units (ECUs) such as a car navigation system, a car air conditioner, an antilock brake system (ABS), an air bag, a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), engine control, and a battery monitor of a hybrid car or an electric car. 
     A vehicle is not limited to the automobile  1500 , and is applicable to, for example, an airplane, a rocket, an artificial satellite, a ship, an automated guided vehicle (AGV), a bipedal robot, and an unmanned aircraft such as a drone. 
     As mentioned above, although the physical quantity sensor, the physical quantity sensor device, the composite sensor device, the inertial measurement unit, the vehicle positioning apparatus, the portable electronic apparatus, the electronic apparatus, and the vehicle according to the embodiments have been described in detail, the invention is not limited thereto, and a configuration of each part may be replaced with any configuration having the same function. Any other configuration may be added to the invention. The above-described embodiments may be combined with each other as appropriate. 
     In the embodiments, a description has been made of a configuration in which the physical quantity sensor measures an acceleration in the X axis direction, but this is only an example, the physical quantity sensor may measure an acceleration in the Y axis direction, and may measure an acceleration in the Z axis direction. In the embodiments, a description has been made of a configuration in which the physical quantity sensor measures an acceleration, but a physical quantity measured by the physical quantity sensor is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an angular velocity. The physical quantity sensor may measure a plurality of physical quantities. The plurality of physical quantities may be physical quantities of an identical kind in different measurement axes (for example, an acceleration in the X axis direction, an acceleration in the Y axis direction, an acceleration in the Z axis direction, an angular velocity about the X axis, an angular velocity about the Y axis, and an angular velocity about Z axis), and may be different physical quantities (for example, an angular velocity about the X axis and an acceleration in the X axis direction).