Patent Publication Number: US-6984633-B2

Title: Method to treat cardiofibrosis with a combination therapy of an angiotensin II antagonist and epoxymexrenone

Description:
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/506,068 filed Feb. 17, 2000, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/317,237 filed May 24, 1999, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/181,586 filed Oct. 28, 1998, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/980,734, filed Dec. 1, 1997, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/783,404, filed on Jan. 13, 1997, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/486,085 filed Jun. 7, 1995, now abandoned. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     Therapeutic methods are described for treatment of cardiofibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy. Of particular interest are therapies using an epoxy-containing steroidal aldosterone receptor antagonist compound such as epoxymexrenone in combination with an angiotensin II receptor antagonist compound. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Myocardial (or cardiac) failure, whether a consequence of a previous myocardial infarction, heart disease associated with hypertension, or primary cardiomyopathy, is a major health problem of worldwide proportions. The incidence of symptomatic heart failure has risen steadily over the past several decades. 
     In clinical terms, decompensated cardiac failure consists of a constellation of signs and symptoms that arises from congested organs and hypoperfused tissues to form the congestive heart failure (CHF) syndrome. Congestion is caused largely by increased venous pressure and by inadequate sodium (Na + ) excretion, relative to dietary Na +  intake, and is importantly related to circulating levels of aldosterone (ALDO). An abnormal retention of Na +  occurs via tubular epithelial cells throughout the nephron, including the later portion of the distal tubule and cortical collecting ducts, where ALDO receptor sites are present. 
     ALDO is the body&#39;s most potent mineralocorticoid hormone. As connoted by the term mineralocorticoid, this steroid hormone has mineral-regulating activity. It promotes Na +  reabsorption not only in the kidney, but also from the lower gastrointestinal tract and salivary and sweat glands, each of which represents classic ALDO-responsive tissues. ALDO regulator Na +  and water resorption at the expense of potassium (K + ) and magnesium (M 1− ) excretion. 
     ALDO can also provoke response in nonepithelial cells. Elicited by a chronic elevation in plasma ALDO level that is inappropriate relative to dietary Na +  intake, these responses can have adverse consequences on the structure of the cardiovascular system. Hence, ALDO can contribute to the progressive nature of myocardial failure for multiple reasons. 
     Multiple factors regulate ALDO synthesis and metabolism, many of which are operative in the patient with myocardial failure. These include renin as well as non-rein-dependent factors (such as K + , ACTH) that promote ALDO synthesis. Hepatic blood flow, by regulating the clearance of circulating ALDO, helps determine its plasma concentration, an important factor in heart failure characterized by reduction in cardiac output and hepatic blood flow. 
     The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is one of the hormonal mechanisms involved in regulating pressure/volume homeostasis and also in the development of hypertension. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system begins with renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney and culminates in the formation of angiotensin II, the primary active species of this system. This octapeptide, angiotensin II, is a potent vasoconstrictor and also produces other physiological effects such as stimulating aldosterone secretion, promoting sodium and fluid retention, inhibiting renin secretion, increasing sympathetic nervous system activity, stimulating vasopressin secretion, causing positive cardiac inotropic effect and modulating other hormonal systems. 
     Previous studies have shown that antagonizing angiotensin II binding at its receptors is a viable approach to inhibit the renin-angiotensin system, given the pivotal role of this octapeptide which mediates the actions of the renin-angiotensin system through interaction with various tissue receptors. There are several known angiotensin II antagonists, most of which are peptidic in nature. Such peptidic compounds are of limited use due to their lack of oral bioavailability or their short duration of action. Also, commercially-available peptidic angiotensin II antagonists (e.g., Saralasin) have a significant residual agonist activity which further limit their therapeutic application. 
     Non-peptidic compounds with angiotensin II antagonist properties are known. For example, early descriptions of such non-peptidic compounds include the sodium salt of 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-1-(2-chlorobenzyl)imidazole-5-acetic acid which has specific competitive angiotensin II antagonist activity as shown in a series of binding experiments, functional assays and in vivo tests [P. C. Wong et al.,  J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,  247(1), 1-7 (1988)]. Also, the sodium salt of 2-butyl-4-chloro-1-(2-nitrobenzyl)imidazole-5-acetic acid has specific competitive angiotensin II antagonist activity as shown in a series of binding experiments, functional assays and in vivo tests [A. T. Chiu et al.,  European J. Pharmcol.,  157, 31-21 (1988)]. A family of 1-benzylimidazole-5-acetate derivatives has been shown to have competitive angiotensin II antagonist properties [A. T. Chiu et al.,  J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,  250(3), 867-874 (1989)]. U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,463 to Blankey et al describes a family of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazol(4,5-c)-tetrahydro-pyridine derivatives useful as antihypertensives, some of which are reported to antagonize the binding of labelled angiotensin II to rat adrenal receptor preparation and thus case a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure in conscious hypertensive rats. Other families of non-peptidic angiotensin II antagonists have been characterized by molecules having a biphenylmethyl moiety attached to a heterocyclic moiety. For example, EP No. 253,310, published Jan. 20, 1998, describes a series of aralkyl imidazole compounds, including in particular a family of biphenylmethyl substituted imidazoles, as antagonists to the angiotensin II receptor. EP No. 323,814 published Jul. 12, 1989 describes four classes of angiotensin II antagonists, namely, biphenylmethylpyrroles, biphenylmethylpyrazoles, biphenylmethyl-1,2,3-triazoles and biphenylmethyl 4-substituted-4H-1,2,4-triazoles, including the compound 3,5-dibutyl-4-[(2′-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole. U.S. Pat. No. 4,880,804 to Carini et al describes a family of biphenylmethylbenzimidazole compounds as angiotensin II receptor blockers for use in treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. 
     Many aldosterone receptor blocking drugs are known. For example, spironolactone is a drug which acts at the mineralocorticoid receptor level by competitively inhibiting aldosterone binding. This steroidal compound has been used for blocking aldosterone-dependent sodium transport in the distal tubule of the kidney in order to reduce edema and to treat essential hypertension and primary hyperaldosteronism [F. Mantero et al.,  Clin. Sinc. Mol. Med.,  45 (Suppl 1), 219s-224s (1973)]. Spironolactone is also used commonly in the treatment of other hyperalodsterone-related diseases such as liver cirrhosis and congestive heart failure (F. J. Saunders et al.,  Aldactone; Spironolactone: A Comprehensive Review,  Searle, N.Y. (1978)]. Progressively-increasing doses of spironolactone from 1 mg to 400 mg per day [i.e., 1 mg/day, 5 mg/day, 20 mg/day] were administered to a spironlactone-intolerant patient to treat cirrhosis-related ascites [P. A. Greenberger et al.,  N. Eng. Reg. Allergy Proc.,  7(4), 343-345 (Jul.-Aug., 1986)]. It has been recognized that development of myocardial fibrosis is sensitive to circulating levels of both Angiotensin II and aldosterone, and that the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone prevents myocardial fibrosis in animal models, thereby linking aldosterone to excessive collagen deposition [D. Klug et al.  Am. J. Cardiol.,  71 (3), 46A-54A (1993)]. Spironolactone has been shown in prevent fibrosis in animal models irrespective of the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and the presence of hypertension [C. G. Brilla et al.,  J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol.,  25(5), 563-575 (1993)]. Spironolactone at a dosage ranging from 25 mg to 100 mg daily is used to treat diuretic-induced hypokalemia, when orally-administered potassium supplements or other potassium-sparing regimens are considered inappropriate [ Physicians&#39; Desk Reference,  46th Edn., p. 2153, Medical Economics Company Inc., Montvale, N.J. (1992)]. 
     Previous studies have shown that inhibiting ACE inhibits the renin-angiotensin system by substantially complete blockade of the formation of angiotensin II. Many ACE inhibitors have been used clinically to control hypertension. While ACE inhibitors may effectively control hypertension, side effects are common including chronic cough, skin rash, loss of taste sense, proteinuria and neutropenia. 
     Moreover, although ACE inhibitors effectively block the formation of angiotensin II, aldosterone levels are not well controlled in certain patients having cardiovascular diseases. For example, despite continued ACE inhibition in hypertensive patients receiving captopril, there has been observed a gradual return of plasma aldosterone to baseline levels [J. Staessen et al.,  J. Endocrinol.,  91, 457-465 (1981)]. A similar effect has been observed for patients with myocardial infarction receiving zofenopril [C. Borghi et al.,  J. Clin. Pharmacol.,  33, 40-45 (1993)]. This phenomenon has been termed “aldosterone escape”. 
     Another series of steroidal-type aldosterone receptor antagonists is exemplified by epoxy-containing spironolactone derivatives. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,332 issued to Grob et al describes 9α,11α-epoxy-containing spironolactone derivatives as aldosterone antagonists useful as diuretics. These 9α,11α-epoxy steroids have been evaluated for endocrine effects in comparison to spironolactone [M. de Gasparo et al.,  J. Pharm. Exp. Ther.,  240(2), 650-656 (1987)]. 
     Combinations of an aldosterone antagonist and an ACE inhibitor have been investigated for treatment of heart failure. It is known that mortality is higher in patients with elevated levels of plasma aldosterone and that aldosterone levels increase as CHF progresses from activation of the Renin-Angiontensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). Routine use of a diuretic may further elevate aldosterone levels. ACE inhibitors consistently inhibit angiotensin II production but exert only a mild and transient antialdosterone effect. 
     Combining an ACE inhibitor and spironolactone has been suggested to provide substantial inhibition of the entire RAAS. For example, a combination of enalapril and spironolactone has been administered to ambulatory patients with monitoring of blood pressure [P. Poncelet et al.,  Am. J. Cardiol.,  65(2), 33K-35K (1990)]. In a 90-patient study, a combination of captopril and spironolactone was administered and found effective to control refractory CHF without serious incidents of hyperkalemia [U. Dahlstrom et al.,  Am. J. Cardiol.,  71, 29A-33A (Jan. 21, 1993)]. Spironolactone coadministered with an ACE inhibitor was reported to be highly effective in 13 of 16 patients afflicted with congestive heart failure [A. A. van Vliet et al.,  Am. J. Cardiol.,  71, 21A-28A (Jan. 21, 1993)]. Clinical improvements have been reported for patients receiving a co-therapy of spironolactone and the ACE inhibitor enalapril, although this report mentions that controlled trials are needed to determine the lowest effective doses and to identify which patients would benefit most from combined therapy [F. Cannad.  Am. J. Cardiol.,  71(3), 34A-39A (1993)]. 
     Combinations of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and aldosterone receptor antagonist, are known. For example, PCT Application No. US91/09362 published Jun. 25, 1992 describes treatment of hypertension using a combination of an imidazole-containing angiotensin II antagonist compound and a diuretic such as spironolactone. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A therapeutic method for treating or preventing the progression of cardiofibrosis or cardiac hypertrophy is provided by a combination therapy comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of an epoxy-steroidal aldosterone receptor antagonist and a therapeutically-effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. 
     The phrase “angiotensin II receptor antagonist” is intended to embrace one or more compounds or agents having the ability to interact with a receptor site located on various human body tissues, which site is a receptor having a relatively high affinity for angiotensin II and which receptor site is associated with mediating one or more biological functions or events such as vasoconstriction or vasorelaxation, kidney-mediated sodium and fluid retention, sympathetic nervous system activity, and in modulating secretion of various substances such as aldosterone, vasopressin and renin, to lower blood pressure in a subject susceptible to or afflicted with elevated blood pressure. Interactions of such angiotensin II receptor antagonist with this receptor site may be characterized as being either “competitive” (i.e., “surmountable”) or as being “insurmountable”. These terms, “competitive” and “insurmountable”, characterize the relative rates, faster for the former term and slower for the latter term, at which the antagonist compound dissociates from binding with the receptor site. 
     The phrase “epoxy-steroidal aldosterone receptor antagonist” is intended to embrace one or more agents or compounds characterized by a steroid-type nucleus and having an epoxy moiety attached to the nucleus and which agent or compound binds to the aldosterone receptor, as a competitive inhibitor of the action of aldosterone itself at the receptor site, so as to modulate the receptor-mediated activity of aldosterone. 
     The phrase “combination therapy”, in defining use of an angiotensin II antagonist and an epoxy-steroidal aldosterone receptor antagonist, is intended to embrace administration of each antagonist in a sequential manner in a regimen that will provide beneficial effects of the drug combination, and is intended to embrace co-administration of the antagonist agents in a substantially simultaneous manner, such as in a single capsule having a fixed ratio of active ingredients or in multiple, separate capsules for each antagonist agent. 
     The phrase “therapeutically-effective” is intended to qualify the amount of each antagonist agent for use in the combination therapy which will improve cardiac sufficiency by reducing or preventing the progression of myocardial fibrosis or cardiac hypertrophy. 
     Another combination therapy of interest would consist essentially of three active agents, namely, an AII antagonist, an aldosterone receptor antagonist agent and a diuretic. 
     For a combination of AII antagonist agent and an ALDO antagonist agent, the agents would be used in combination in a weight ratio range from about 0.5-to-one to about twenty-to-one of the AII antagonist agent to the aldosterone receptor antagonist agent. A preferred range of these two agents (AII antagonist-to-ALDO antagonist) would be from about one-to-one of about fifteen-to-one, while a more preferred range would be from about one-to-one to about five-to-one, depending ultimately on the selection of the AII antagonist the ALDO antagonist. The diuretic agent may be present in a ratio range of 0.1-to-one to about ten to one (AII antagonist to diuretic). 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Epoxy-steroidal aldosterone receptor antagonist compounds suitable for use in the combination therapy consist of these compounds having a steroidal nucleus substituted with an epoxy-type moiety. The term “epoxy-type” moiety is intended to embrace any moiety characterized in having an oxygen atom as a bridge between two carbon atoms, examples of which include the following moieties: 
                 
 
The term “steroidal”, as used in the phrase “epoxy-steroidal”, denotes a nucleus provided by a cyclopentenophenanthrene moiety, having the conventional “A”, “B”, “C” and “D” rings. The epoxy-type moiety may be attached to the cyclopentenophenanthrene nucleus at any attachable or substitutable positions, that is, fused to one of the rings of the steroidal nucleus or the moiety may be substituted on a ring member of the ring system. The phrase “epoxy-steroidal” is intended to embrace a steroidal nucleus having one or a plurality of epoxy-type moieties attached thereto.
 
     Epoxy-steroidal aldosterone receptor antagonists suitable for use in combination therapy include a family of compounds having an epoxy moiety fused to the “C” ring of the steroidal nucleus. Especially preferred are 20-spiroxane compounds characterized by the presence of a 9α,11α-substituted epoxy moiety. Table I, below, describes a series of 9α,11α-epoxy-steroidal compounds which may be used in the combination therapy. These epoxy steroids may be prepared by procedures described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,332 to Grob et al issued Dec. 17, 1985. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE I 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Compound # 
                 Structure 
                 Name 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Pregn-4-ene-7,21-dicarboxylic acid, 9,11-epoxy- 17-hydroxy-3-oxo-,γ-lactone, methyl ester, (7α,11.α.,17α)- 
               
               
                 2 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Pregn-4-ene-7,21-dicarboxylic acid, 9,11-epoxy- 17-hydroxy-3-oxo-dimethyl ester, (7α,11α,17α) 
               
               
                 3 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 3′H-cyclopropa[6,7]pregna-4,6-diene-21- carboxylic acid, 9,11-epoxy-6,7-dihydro-17- hydroxy-3-oxo-,γ-lactone, (6β,7β,11β,17β)- 
               
               
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Pregn-4-ene-7,21-dicarboxylic acid, 9,11- epoxy-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, 7-(1-methylethyl) ester, monopotassium salt, (7α,11α,17α)- 
               
               
                 5 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Pregn-4-ene-7,21-dicarboxylic acid, 9,11-epoxy- 17-hydroxy-3-oxo-,7-methyl ester, monopotassium salt, (7α,11α,17α)- 
               
               
                 6 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 3′H-cyclopropa[6,7]pregna-1,4,6-triene-21- carboxylic acid, 9,11-epoxy-6,7-dihydro-17- hydroxy-3-oxo-,γ-lactone(6α,7α,11.α)- 
               
               
                 7 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 3′H-cyclopropa[6,7]pregna-4,6-diene-21-carboxylic acid, 9,11-epoxy-6,7-dihydro-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, methyl ester, (6α,7α,11α,17α)- 
               
               
                 8 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 3′H-cyclopropa[6,7]pregna-4,6-diene-21-carboxylic acid, 9,11-epoxy-6,7-dihydro-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, monopotassium salt, (6α,7α,11α,17α) 
               
               
                 9 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 3′H-cyclopropa[6,7]pregna-4,6-diene-21-carboxylic acid, 9,11-epoxy-6,7-dihydro-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-,γ lactone, (6α,7α,11α.,17α)- 
               
               
                 10 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Pregn-4-ene-7,21-dicarboxylic acid, 9,11-epoxy- 17-hydroxy-3-oxo-,γ-lactone, ethyl ester, (7α,11α,17α)- 
               
               
                 11 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Pregn-4-ene-7,21-dicarboxylic acid, 9,11-epoxy- 17-hydroxy-3-oxo-,γ-lactone, 1-methylethyl ester, (7α,11α,17α)- 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Angiotensin II receptor antagonist compounds suitable for use in the combination therapy are described in Table II, below. Preferred compounds for use in the combination therapy may be generally characterized structurally as having two portions. A first portion constitutes a mono-aryl-alkyl moiety, or a bi-aryl-alkyl moiety, or a mono-heteroaryl-alkyl moiety, or a bi-heteroaryl-alkyl moiety. A second portion constitutes a heterocyclic moiety or an open chain hetero-atom-containing moiety. 
     Typically, the first-portion mono/bi-aryl/heteroaryl-alkyl moiety is attached to the second portion heterocyclic/open-chain moiety through the alkyl group of the mono/bi-aryl/hetercaryl-alkyl moiety to any substitutable position on the heterocyclic/open-chain moiety second portion. Suitable first-portion mono/bi-aryl/heteroaryl-alkyl moieties are defined by any of the various moieties listed under Formula I:
 
Ar-Alk-L Ar-L-Ar-Alk-L Het-L-Lar-Alk-L Het-L-Het-Alk-L Ar-L-Het-Alk-L Het-L-Alk-L  (I)
 
wherein the abbreviated notation used in the moieties of Formula I is defined as follows:
 
     “Ar” means a five or six-membered carbocyclic ring system consisting of one ring or two fused rings, with such ring or rings being typically fully unsaturated but which also may be partially or fully saturated. “Phenyl” radical most typically exemplifies “Ar”. 
     “Het” means a monocyclic or bicyclic fused ring system having from five to eleven ring members, and having at least one of such ring members being a hetero atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and with such ring system containing up to six of such hetero atoms as ring members. 
     “Alk” means an alkyl radical or alkylene chain linear or branched, containing from one to about five carbon atoms. Typically, “Alk” means “methylene”, i.e., —CH 2 —. 
     “L” designates a single bond or a bivalent linker moiety selected from carbon, oxygen and sulfur. When “L” is carbon, such carbon has two hydrido atoms attached thereto. 
     Suitable second-portion heterocyclic moieties of the angiotensin II antagonist compounds, for use in the combination therapy, are defined by any of the various moieties listed under Formula IIa or IIb: 
                 
 
wherein each of X 1  through X 6  is selected from —CH═, —CH 2 —, —N═, —NH—, O, and S, with the proviso that at least one of X 1  through X 6  in each of Formula IIa and Formula IIb must be a hetero atom. The heterocyclic moiety of Formula IIa or IIb may be attached through a bond from any ring member of the Formula IIa or IIb heterocyclic moiety having a substitutable or a bond-forming position.
 
     Examples of monocyclic heterocyclic moieties of Formula IIa include thienyl, furyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, isopyrrolyl, 3-isopyrrolyl, 2-isoimidazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2-dithiolyl, 1,3-dithiolyl, 1,2,3-oxathiolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 1,2,3,5-oxatriazolyl, 1,2,3-dioxazolyl, 1,2,4-dioxazolyl, 1,3,2-dioxazolyl, 1,3,4-dioxazolyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazolyl, 1,3-oxathiolyl, 1,2-pyranyl, 1,4-pyranyl, 1,2-pyronyl, 1,4-pyronyl, pyridinyl, piperazinyl, s-triazinyl, as-triazinyl, v-triazinyl, 1,2,4-oxazinyl, 1,3,2-oxazinyl, 1,3,6-oxazinyl, 1,2,6-oxazinyl, 1,4-oxazinyl, o-isoxazinyl, p-isoxazinyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazinyl, 1,2,6-oxathiazinyl, 1,4,2-oxadiazinyl, 1,3,5,2-oxadiazinyl, morpholinyl, azepinyl, oxepinyl, thiepinyl and 1,2,4-diazepinyl. 
     Examples of bicyclic heterocyclic moieties of Formula IIb include benzo[b]thienyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromenyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, qinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, thieno[2,3-b]furanyl, 2H-furo[3,2-pyranyl, 5H-pyrido[2,3-d][1,2]oxazinyl, 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]oxazolyl, 4H-imidazo[4,5-d]thiazolyl, pyrazino[2,3-d]pyridazinyl, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl, cyclopenta[b]pyranyl, 4H-[1,3]oxathiolo-[5,4-b]pyrrolyl, thieno[2,3-b]furanyl, imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazinyl and 4H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-d]imidazolyl. 
     The angiotensin II receptor antagonist compounds, as provided by the first-and-second-portion moieties of Formula I and II, are further characterized by an acidic moiety attached to either of said first-and-second-portion moieties. Preferably this acidic moiety is attached to the first-portion moiety of Formula I and is defined by Formula III:
 
—U n A  (III)
 
wherein n is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive, and wherein A is an acidic group selected to contain at least one acidic hydrogen atom, and the amide, ester and salt derivatives of said acidic moieties; wherein U is a spacer group independently selected from one or more of alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl and heteroaryl having one or more ring atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms.
 
     The phase “acidic group selected to contain at least one acidic hydrogen atom”, as used to define the —U n A moiety, is intended to embrace chemical groups which, when attached to any substitutable position of the Formula I-IIa/b moiety, confers acidic character to the compound of Formula I-IIa/b. “Acidic character” means proton-donor capability, that is, the capacity of the compound of Formula I-IIa/b to be a proton donor in the presence of a proton-receiving substance such as water. Typically, the acidic group should be selected to have proton-donor capability such that the product compound of Formula I-IIa/b has a pK a  in a range from about one to about twelve. More typically, the Formula I-IIa/b compound would have a pK a  in a range from about two about seven. An example of an acidic group containing at least one acidic hydrogen atom is carboxyl group (—COOH). Where n is zero and A is —COOH, in the —U n A moiety, such carboxyl group would be attached directly to one of the Formula I-IIa/b positions. The Formula I-IIa/b compound may have one —U n A moiety attached at one of the Formula I-IIa/b positions, or may have a plurality of such —U n A moieties attached at more than one of the Formula I-IIa/b positions. There are many examples of acidic groups other than carboxyl group, selectable to contain at least one acidic hydrogen atom. Such other acidic groups may be collectively referred to as “bioisosteres of carboxylic acid” or referred to as “acidic bioisosteres”. Specific examples of such acidic bioisoteres are described hereinafter. Compounds of Formula I-IIa/b may have one or more acidic protons and, therefore, may have one or more pK a  values. It is preferred, however, that at least one of these pK a  values of the Formula I-IIa/b compound as conferred by the —U n A moiety be in a range from about two to about seven. The —U n A moiety may be attached to one of the Formula I-IIa/b positions through any portion of the —U n A moiety which results in a Formula I-IIa/b compound being relatively stable and also having a labile or acidic proton to meet the foregoing pK a  criteria. For example, where the —U n A acid moiety is tetrazole, the tetrazole is typically attached at the tetrazole ring carbon atoms. 
     For any of the moieties embraced by Formula I and Formula II, such moieties may be substituted at any substitutable position by one or more radicals selected from hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, halo, oxo, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aralkylthio, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aroyl, cycloalkenyl, cyano, cyanoamino, nitro, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, mercapto, mercaptocarbonyl, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl having one or more ring atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, and amino and amido radicals of the formula 
                 
 
wherein W is oxygen atom or sulfur atom; wherein each of R 1  through R 5  is independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, YR 6  and 
                 
 
wherein Y is selected from oxygen atom and sulfur atom and R 6  is selected from hydro, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aralkyl and aryl; wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7  and R 8  is independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, aralkyl and aryl, and wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7  and R 8  is further independently selected from amino and amido radicals of the formula 
                 
 
wherein W is oxygen atom or sulfur atom; wherein each of R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13  and R 14  is independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aloxyalkyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, aralkyl and aryl, and wherein each of R 2  and R 3  taken together and each of R 4  and R 5  taken together may form a heterocyclic group having five to seven ring members including the nitrogen atom of said amino or amido radical, which heterocyclic group may further contain one or more hetero atom as ring members selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms and which heterocyclic group may be saturated or partially unsaturated; wherein each of R 2  and R 3  taken together and each of R 7  and R 8  taken together may form an aromatic heterocyclic group having five ring members including the nitrogen atom of said amino or amido radical and which aromatic heterocyclic group may further contain one or more hetero atoms as ring atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms; or a tautomer thereof or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
 
     The combination therapy of the invention would be useful in treating myocardial fibrosis or cardiac hypertrophy, particularly left ventricular hypertrophy. The combination therapy would also be useful with adjunctive therapies. For example, the combination therapy may be used in combination with other drugs, such as a diuretic, to aid in treatment of hypertension. 
     Table II, below, contains description of angiotensin II antagonist compounds which may be used in the combination therapy. Associated with each compound listed in Table II is a published patent document describing the chemical preparation of the angiotensin II antagonist compound as well as the biological properties of such compound. The content of each of these patent documents is incorporated herein by reference. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE II 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Angiotensin II Antagonists 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Compound # 
                 Structure 
                 Source 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 2 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 3 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 5 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 6 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 7 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 8 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 9 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 10 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 11 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 12 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 13 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 14 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 15 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 16 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 17 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 18 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 19 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 20 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 21 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 22 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 23 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 24 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 25 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 26 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 27 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 28 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 29 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 30 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 31 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 32 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 33 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 34 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 35 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 36 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 37 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 38 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 39 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 40 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 41 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 42 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 43 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 44 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 45 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 46 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 47 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 48 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 49 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 50 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 51 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 52 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 53 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 54 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 55 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 56 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 57 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 58 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 59 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 60 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 61 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 62 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 63 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 64 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 65 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 66 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 67 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 68 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 69 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 70 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 71 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 72 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 73 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 74 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 75 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 76 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 77 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/17148 pub. Nov. 14, 1991 
               
               
                 78 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 79 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 80 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 81 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 82 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 83 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 84 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 85 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 86 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 87 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 88 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 89 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 90 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 91 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 92 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 93 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 94 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 95 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 96 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 97 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 98 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 99 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 100 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 101 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 102 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 103 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 104 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 105 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 106 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 107 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/18888 pub. 
               
               
                 108 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 109 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 110 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 111 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 112 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 113 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 114 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 115 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 116 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 117 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 118 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 119 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 120 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 121 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 122 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 123 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 124 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 125 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #91/19715 pub. Dec. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 126 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/05161 pub. Apr. 2, 1992 
               
               
                 127 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/05161 pub. Apr. 2, 1992 
               
               
                 128 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/05161 pub. Apr. 2, 1992 
               
               
                 129 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/05161 pub. Apr. 2, 1992 
               
               
                 130 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/05161 pub. Apr. 2, 1992 
               
               
                 131 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/05161 pub. Apr. 2, 1992 
               
               
                 132 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/07834 pub. May 14, 1992 
               
               
                 133 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/07834 pub. May 14, 1992 
               
               
                 134 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/07834 pub. May 14, 1992 
               
               
                 135 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/07834 pub. May 14, 1992 
               
               
                 136 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/07834 pub. May 14, 1992 
               
               
                 137 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/07834 pub. May 14, 1992 
               
               
                 138 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/07834 pub. May 14, 1992 
               
               
                 139 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/11255 pub. Jul. 9, 1992 
               
               
                 140 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/11255 pub. Jul. 9, 1992 
               
               
                 141 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/11255 pub. Jul. 9, 19921 
               
               
                 142 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/11255 pub. Jul. 9, 1992 
               
               
                 143 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/11255 pub. Jul. 9, 1992 
               
               
                 144 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/11255 pub. Jul. 9, 1992 
               
               
                 145 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/11255 pub. Jul. 9, 1992 
               
               
                 146 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/11255 pub. Jul. 9, 1992 
               
               
                 147 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/15577 pub. Sep. 17, 1992 
               
               
                 148 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/15577 pub. Sep. 17, 1992 
               
               
                 149 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/15577 pub. Sep. 17, 1992 
               
               
                 150 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 151 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 152 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 153 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 154 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 155 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 156 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 157 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 158 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 159 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 160 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 161 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 162 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 163 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 164 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 165 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 166 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 167 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 168 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 169 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 170 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 171 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 172 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 173 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 174 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 175 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 176 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 177 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 178 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 179 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 180 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 181 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 182 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 183 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 184 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/16523 pub. Oct. 1, 1992 
               
               
                 185 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 186 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 187 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 188 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 189 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 190 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 191 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 192 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 193 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 194 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 195 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 196 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 197 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/17469 pub. Oct. 15, 1992 
               
               
                 198 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
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                 257 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
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                 259 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
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                 260 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
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                 263 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
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                 393 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/02,510 pub. Feb. 20, 1992 
               
               
                 394 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/09278 pub. Jun. 11, 1992 
               
               
                 395 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/10181 pub. Jun. 25, 1992 
               
               
                 396 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 397 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 398 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 399 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 400 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 401 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 402 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 403 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/10097 pub. Jun. 25, 1992 
               
               
                 404 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 405 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 406 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 407 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/20651 pub. Nov. 26, 1992 
               
               
                 408 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #93/03018 pub. Feb. 18, 1993 
               
               
                 409 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #94/00120 pub. Jan. 6, 1994 
               
               
                 410 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #459,136 pub. Dec. 4, 1991 
               
               
                 411 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #411,507 pub. Feb. 5, 1991 
               
               
                 412 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #425,921 pub. May 8, 1991 
               
               
                 413 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #430,300 pub. Jun. 5, 1991 
               
               
                 414 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #434,038 pub. Jun. 26, 1991 
               
               
                 415 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #442,473 pub. Aug. 21, 1991 
               
               
                 416 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #443,568 pub. Aug. 28, 1991 
               
               
                 417 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #459,136 pub. Dec. 4, 1991 
               
               
                 418 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #483,683 pub. May 5, 1992 
               
               
                 419 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #518,033 pub. Dec. 16, 1992 
               
               
                 420 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #520,423 pub. Dec. 30, 1992 
               
               
                 421 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #546,358 pub. Jun. 16, 1993 
               
               
                 422 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #93/00341 pub. Jan. 7, 1993 
               
               
                 423 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #92/06081 pub. Apr. 16, 1992 
               
               
                 424 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #93/00341 pub. Jan. 7, 1993 
               
               
                 425 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 U.S. Pat. No. 5,210,204 pub. May 11, 1993 
               
               
                 426 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 EP #343,654 pub. Nov. 28, 1989 
               
               
                 427 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #93/13077 pub. Jul. 8, 1993 
               
               
                 428 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 WO #93/15734 pub. Aug. 19, 1993 
               
               
                 429 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 U.S. Pat. No. 5,246,943 pub. Sep. 21, 1993 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The term “hydrido” denotes a single hydrogen atom (H). This hydrido group may be attached, for example, to an oxygen atom to form a hydroxyl group; or, as another example, one hydrido group may be attached to a carbon atom to form a 
                 
 
group, or, as another example, two hydrido atoms may be attached to a carbon atom to form a —CH 2 — group. Where the term “alkyl” is used, either alone or within other terms such as “haloalkyl” and “hydroxylalkyl”, the term “alkyl” embraces linear or branched radicals having one to about twenty carbon atoms or, preferably, one to about twelve carbon atoms. More preferred alkyl radicals are “lower alkyl” radicals having one to about ten carbon atoms. Most preferred are lower alkyl radicals having one to about five carbon atoms. The term “cycloalkyl” embraces cyclic radicals having three to about ten ring carbon atoms, preferably three to about six carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The term “haloalkyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with one or more halo groups, preferably selected from bromo, chloro and fluoro. Specifically embraced by the term “haloalkyl” are monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl groups. A monohaloalkyl group, for example, may have either a bromo, a chloro, or a fluoro atom within the group. Dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl groups may be substituted with two or more of the same halo groups, or may have a combination of different halo groups. A dihaloalkyl group, for example, may have two fluoro atoms, such as difluoromethyl and difluorobutyl groups, or two chloro atoms, such as a dichloromethyl group, or one fluoro atom and one chloro atom, such as a fluoro-chloromethyl group. Examples of a polyhaloalkyl are trifluoromethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluoroethyl and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl groups. The term “difluoroalkyl” embraces alkyl groups having two fluoro atoms substituted on any one or two of the alkyl group carbon atoms. The terms “alkylol” and “hydroxyalkyl” embrace linear or branched alkyl groups having one to about ten carbon atoms any one of which may be substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups. The term “alkenyl” embraces linear or branched radicals having two to about twenty carbon atoms, preferably three to about ten carbon atoms, and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which carbon-carbon double bond may have either cis or trans geometry within the alkenyl moiety. The term “alkynyl” embraces linear or branched radicals having two to about twenty-carbon atoms, preferably two to about ten carbon atoms, and containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The term “cycloalkenyl” embraces cyclic radicals having three to about ten ring carbon atoms including one or more double bonds involving adjacent ring carbons. The terms “alkoxy” and “alkoxyalkyl” embrace linear or branched oxy-containing radicals each having alkyl portions of one to about ten carbon atoms, such as methoxy group. The term “alkoxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having two or more alkoxy groups attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monoalkoxyalkyl and dialkoxyalkyl groups. The “alkoxy” or “alkoxyalkyl” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide haloalkoxy or haloalkoxyalkyl groups. The term “alkylthio” embraces radicals containing a linear or branched alkyl group, of one to about ten carbon atoms attached to a divalent sulfur atom, such as a methythio group. Preferred aryl groups are those consisting of one, two, or three benzene rings. The term “alkyl” embraces aromatic radicals such as phenyl, naphthyl and biphenyl. The term “aralkyl” embraces aryl-substituted alkyl radicals such as benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, phenyl-ethyl, phenylbutyl and diphenylethyl. The terms “benzyl” and “phenylmethyl” are interchangeable. The terms “phenalkyl” and “phenylalkyl” are interchangeable. An example of “phenalkyl” is “phenethyl” which is interchangeable with “phenylethyl”. The terms “alkylaryl”, “alkoxyaryl” and “haloaryl” denote, respectively, the substitution of one or more “alkyl”, “alkoxy” and “halo” groups, respectively, substituted on an “aryl” nucleus, such as a phenyl moiety. The terms “aryloxy” and “arylthio” denote radicals respectively, provided by aryl groups having an oxygen or sulfur atom through which the radical is attached to a nucleus, examples of which are phenoxy and phenylthio. The terms “sulfinyl” and “sulfonyl”, whether used alone or linked to other terms, denotes, respectively, divalent radicals SO and SO 2 . The term “aralkoxy”, alone or within another term, embraces an aryl group attached to an alkoxy group to form, for example, benzyloxy. The term “acyl” whether used alone, or within a term such as acyloxy, denotes a radical provided by the residue after removal of hydroxyl from an organic acid, examples of such radical being acetyl and benzoyl. “Lower alkanoyl” is an example of a more preferred sub-class of acyl. The term “amido” denotes a radical consisting of nitrogen atom attached to a carbonyl group, which radical may be further substituted in the manner described herein. The term “monoalkylaminocarbonyl” is interchangeable with “N-alkylamido”. The term “dialkylaminocarbonyl” is interchangeable with “N,N-dialkylamio”. The term “alkenylalkyl” denotes a radical having a double-bond unsaturation site between two carbons, and which radical may consist of only two carbons or may be further substituted with alkyl groups which may optionally contain additional double-bond unsaturated. The term “heteroaryl”, where not otherwised defined before, embraces aromatic ring systems containing one or two hetero atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in a ring system having five or six ring members, examples of which are thienyl, furanyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, pyrimidyl and isoxazolyl. Such heteroaryl may be attached as a substituent through a carbon atom of the heteroaryl ring system, or may be attached through a carbon atom of a moiety substituted on a heteroaryl ring-member carbon atom, for example, through the methylene substituent of imidazolemethyl moiety. Also, such heteroaryl may be attached through a ring nitrogen atom as long as aromaticity of the heteroaryl moiety is preserved after attachment. The any of the foregoing defined radicals, preferred radicals are those containing from one to about ten carbon atoms.
 
     Specific examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, methylbutyl, dimethylbutyl and neopentyl. Typical alkenyl and alkynyl groups may have one unsaturated bond, such as an allyl group, or may have a plurality of unsaturated bonds, with such plurality of bonds either adjacent, such as allene-type structures, or in conjugation, or separated by several saturated carbons. 
     Also included in the combination of the invention are the isomeric forms of the above-described angiotensin II receptor compounds and the epoxy-steroidal aldosterone receptor compounds, including diastereoisomers, regiosomers and the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof. The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salts” embraces salts commonly used to form alkali metal salts and to form addition salts of free acids or free bases. The nature of the salt is not critical, provided that it is pharmaceutically-acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salts may be prepared from an inorganic acid or from an organic acid. Examples of such inorganic acids are hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, carbonic, sulfuric and phosphoric acid. Appropriate organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic and sulfonic classes of organic acids, example of which are formic, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, glucuronic, maleic, fumaric, pyruvic, aspartic, glutamic, benzoic, anthranilic, p-hydroxybenzoic, salicyclic, phenylacetic, mandelic, embonc (pamoic), methansulfonic, ethanesulfonic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic, pantothenic, benzenesulfonic, toluenesulfonic, sulfanilic, mesylic, cyclohexylaminosulfonic, stearic, algenic, β-hydroxybutyric, malonic, galactaric and galacturonic acid. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable base addition salts include metallic salts made from aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc or organic salts made from N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine (N-methylglucamine) and procaine. All of these salts may be prepared by conventional means from the corresponding compound by reacting, for example, the appropriate acid or base with such compound. 
     BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION 
     In order to determine the probable effectiveness of a combination therapy for treating or preventing the progression of cardiofibrosis or cardiac hypertrophy, it is important to determine the potency of individual components of the combination therapy. Accordingly, in Assays “A” through “C”, the angiotensin II receptor antagonist profiles were determined for many of the compounds described in Table II, herein. In Assay “D”, there is described a method for evaluating a combination therapy of the invention, namely, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist of Table II and an epoxy-steroidal aldosterone receptor antagonist of Table I. The efficacy of each of the individual drugs, epoxymexrenone and the angiotensin II receptor blocker, and of these drugs given together at various doses, is evaluated in a rodent model. The methods and results of such assays are described below. 
     Assay A: Antiotensin II Binding Activity 
     Compounds of the invention were tested for ability to bind to the smooth muscle angiotensin II receptor using a rat uterine membrane preparation. Angiotensin II (AII) was purchased from Peninsula Labs.  125 I-angiotensin II (specific activity of 2200 Ci/mmol) was purchased from Du Pont-New England Nuclear. Other chemicals were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. This assay was carried out according to the method of Douglas et al ( Endocrinology,  106, 120-124 (1980)]. Rat uterine membranes were prepared from fresh tissue. All procedures were carried out at 4° C. Uteri were stripped of fat and homogenized in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.4 containing 5 mM EDTA. The homogenate was centrifuged at 1500×g for 20 min., and the supernatant was recentrifuged at 100,000×g for 60 min. The pellet was resuspended in buffer consisting of 2 mM EDTA and 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) to a final protein concentration of 4 mg/ml. Assay tubes were changed with 0.25 ml of a solution containing 5 mM MgCl 2 , 2 mM EDTA, 0.5% bovine serum albumin, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5 and  125 I-AII (approximately 10 5  cpm) in the absence or in the presence of unlabelled ligand. The reaction was initiated by the addition of membrane protein and the mixture was incubated at 25° C. for 60 min. The incubation was terminated with ice-cold 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) and the mixture was filtered to separate membrane-bound labelled peptide from the free ligand. The incubation tube and filter were washed with ice-cold buffer. Filters were assayed for radioactivity in a Micromedic gamma counter. Nonspecific binding was defined as binding in the presence of 10 μM of unlabelled AII. Specific binding was calculated as total binding minus nonspecific binding. The receptor binding affinity of an AII antagonist compound was indicated by the concentration (IC 50 ) of the tested AII antagonist which give 50% displacement of the total specifically bound  125 I-AII from the angiotensin II AT 1  receptor. Binding data were analyzed by a nonlinear least-squares curve fitting program. Results are reported in Table III. 
     Assay B: In Vitro Vascular Smooth Muscle-Response for AII 
     The compounds of the invention were tested for antagonist activity in rabbit aortic rings. Male New Zealand white rabbits (2-2.5 kg) were sacrificed using an overdose of pentobarbital and exsanguinated via the carotid arteries. The thoracic aorta was removed, cleaned of adherent fat and connective tissue and then cut into 3-mm ring segments. The endothelium was removed from the rings by gently sliding a rolled-up piece of filter paper into the vessel lumen. The rings were then mounted in a water-jacketed tissue bath, maintained at 37° C., between moveable and fixed ends of a stainless steel wire with the moveable end attached to an FT03 Grass transducer coupled to a Model 7D Grass Polygraph for recording isometric force responses. The bath was filled with 20 ml of oxygenated (95% oxygen/5% carbon dioxide) Krebs solution of the following composition (mM); 130 NaCl, 15 NaHCO 3 , 15 KCl, 1.2 NaH 2 PO 4 , 1.2 MgSO 4 , 2.5 CaCl 2 , and 11.4 glucose. The preparations were equilibrated for one hour before approximately one gram of passive tension was placed on the rings. Angiotensin II concentration-response curves were then recorded (3×10 −10  to 1×10 −5  M). Each concentration of AII was allowed to elicit its maximal contraction, and then AII was washed out repeatedly for 30 minutes before rechallenging with a higher concentration of AII. Aorta rings were exposed to the test antagonist at 10 −5  M for 5 minutes before challenging with AII. Adjacent segments of the same aorta ring were used for all concentration-response curves in the presence of absence of the test antagonist. The effectiveness of the test compound was expressed in terms of pA 2  values and were calculated according to H. O. Schild [ Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother.,  2, 189-206 (1947)]. The pA 2  value is the concentration of the antagonist which increases the EC 50  value for AII by a factor of two. Each test antagonist was evaluated in aorta rings from two rabbits. Results are reported in Table III. 
     Assay C: In Vivo Intragastric Pressor Assay Response for All Antagonists 
     Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 225-300 grams were anesthetized with methohexital (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and catheters were implanted into the femoral artery and vein. The catheters were tunneled subcutaneously to exit dorsally, posterior to the head and between the scapulae. The catheters were filled with heparin (1000 units/ml of saline). The rats were returned to their cage and allowed regular rate chow and water  ad libitum.  After full recovery from surgery (3-4 days), rats were placed in Lucite holders and the arterial line was connected to a pressure transducer. Arterial pressure was recorded on a Gould polygraph (mmHg). Angiotensin II was administered as a 30 ng/kg bolus via the venous catheter delivered in a 50 μl volume with a 0.1 ml saline flush. The pressor response in mm Hg was measured by the difference from pre-injection arterial pressure to the maximum pressure achieved. The AII injection was repeated every 10 minutes until three consecutive injections yielded responses within 4 mmHg of each other. These three responses were then averaged and represented the control response to AII. The test compound was suspended in 0.5% methylcellulose in water and was administered by gavage. The volume administered was 2 ml/kg body weight. The standard dose was 3 mg/kg. Angiotensin II bolus injections were given at 30, 45, 60, 75, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after gavage. The pressor response to AII was measured at each time point. The rats were then returned to their cage for future testing. A minimum of 3 days was allowed between tests. Percent inhibition was calculated for each time point following gavage by the following formula: [(Control Response—Response at time point)/Control Response]×100. Results are shown in Table III. 
     Assay “D”: Renal Hypertensive Rat Model 
     A combination therapy of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and an epoxy-steroidal aldosterone receptor antagonist may be evaluated for blood pressure lowering activity in the renal-artery ligated hypertensive rat, a model of high renin hypertension. In this model, six days after ligation of the left renal artery, both plasma renin activity and blood pressure are elevated significantly [J. L. Cangiano et al.,  J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,  206, 310-313 (1979)]. Male Sprague-Dawley rats are instrumented with a radiotelemetry blood pressure transmitter for continuous monitoring of blood pressure. The rats are anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine-HCl (100 mg/kg) and acepromazine maleate (2.2 mg/kg). The abdominal aorta is exposed via a midline incision. Microvascular clamps are placed on the aorta distal to the renal arteries and at the iliac bifurcation. The aorta is punctured with a 22-guage needle and the tip of a catheter is introduced. The catheter, which is held in place by a ligature in the psoas muscle, is connected to a radiotelemetry blood pressure transmitter (Mini-Mitter Co., Inc., Sunriver, Oreg.). The transmitter is placed in the peritoneal cavity and sutured to abdominal muscle upon closing of the incision. Rats are housed singly above a radiotelemetry receiver and are allowed standard rat chow and water  ad libitum.  At least 5 days are allowed for recovery from surgery. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate are measured on a Compaq DeskPro 286 AT computer. Data are sampled for 10 seconds at 200-500 hz at 2.5 to 10 min intervals 24 hours per day. After collecting control data for 24 hours, the rats are anesthetized with methohexital (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and supplemented as needed. A midline abdominal incision is made, approximately 2 cm in length to expose the left kidney. The renal artery is separated from the vein near the aorta, with care taken not to traumatize the vein. The artery is completely ligated with sterile 4-O silk. The incision is closed by careful suturing of the muscle layer and skin. Six days later, when MAP is typically elevated by 50-70 mmHg, an AII receptor antagonist: or an aldosterone receptor antagonist, or a combination of the two compounds are administered by gavage each day for about 8 weeks. Single drug dosing is carried out using 20 and 200 mg/kg/day of epoxymexrenone and 1,3,10,30 and 100 mg/kg/day of an AII receptor antagonist. Drug mixtures are obtained by administering a combination of a dose of 1,3,10,30 or 100 mg/kg/day of the AII receptor antagonist with a dose of either 20 or 200 mg/kg/day of the aldosterone antagonist. Blood pressure lowering is monitored by the radiotelemetry system and responses with the compounds are compared to responses obtained in vehicle-treated animals. Plasma and urinary sodium and potassium levels are monitored as a measure of the effectiveness of the aldosterone blockade. Urine samples are collected overnight using metabolic cages to isolate the samples. Plasma samples are obtained by venous catheterization. Sodium and potassium are measured by flame photometry. Cardiac fibrosis is determined by histological and chemical measurements of the excised hearts following perfusion fixation. Left and right ventricles are weighed, embedded and sectioned. Subsequently, sections are stained with picrosirius red and the red staining collagen areas are quantitated by computerized image analysis. The apex of the heart is acid digested and the free hydroxyproline measured colorimetrically. It is expected that MAP will be significantly lowered toward normal pressures in the test animals, treated with the combination therapy and that the condition of myocardial fibrosis will be arrested or avoided. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE III 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 In Vivo and In Vitro Angiotensin II 
               
               
                 Activity of Compounds of the Invention 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Test 
                   1 Assay A 
                   
                   3 Assay C 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Compound 
                 IC 50   
                   2 Assay B 
                 Dose 
                 Inhibition 
                 Duration 
               
               
                 Example # 
                 (nM) 
                 pA 2   
                 (mg/kg) 
                 (%) 
                 (min.) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 2 
                 95 
                 7.37/7.59 
                 10 
                 95 
                    60 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 30 
                 98 
                  90-120 
               
               
                 3 
                 5.4 
                 8.70 ± 0.2 
                 10 
                 50 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 30 
                 100  
                       200 +   
               
               
                 4 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 5 
                 200 
                 7.48/6.91 
                 30 
                 38 
                 20-30 
               
               
                 6 
                 1300 
                 6.55/6.82 
                 100  
                 90 
                   120 
               
               
                 7 
                 84 
                 8.01/8.05 
                 30 
                 90 
                   130 
               
               
                 8 
                 17,000 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 9 
                 700 
                 6.67/6.12 
                 30 
                 80 
                    75 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 100  
                 100  
                   130 
               
               
                 10 
                 4.9 
                 8.19/7.59 
                  3 
                 86 
                   100 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 30 
                 100  
                   240 
               
               
                 11 
                 160 
                 6.45/6.77 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 12 
                 6.0 
                 8.66/8.59 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 13 
                 17 
                 8.70/8.85 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 14 
                 7.2 
                 8.84/8.71 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 15 
                 16 
                 8.31/8.30 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 16 
                 6.4 
                 8.95/9.24 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 17 
                 4.0 
                 8.64/8.40 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 18 
                 970 
                 6.14/6.09 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 19 
                 12,000 
                 5.18/5.35 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 20 
                 78,000 
                 5.89/5.99 
                 100  
                 10 
                    45 
               
               
                 21 
                 87 
                 7.71.7.21 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 22 
                 460 
                 6.60/6.46 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 23 
                 430 
                 6.48/7.15 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 24 
                 10 
                 7.56/7.73 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 25 
                 480 
                 6.80/6.73 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 26 
                 3.2 
                 9.83/9.66 
                 10 
                 50 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 27 
                 180 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 28 
                 570 
                 5.57/6.00 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 29 
                 160 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 30 
                 22 
                 7.73/7.88 
                 30 
                 50 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 31 
                 14 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 32 
                 16 
                 7.68/7.29 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 33 
                 630 
                 6.73/6.36 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 34 
                 640 
                 5.34/5.69 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 35 
                 41 
                 7.25/7.47 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 36 
                 1400 
                 5.92/5.68 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 37 
                 340 
                 6.90/6.85 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 38 
                 10 
                 7.82/8.36 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 39 
                 10 
                 7.88/7.84 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 40 
                 83 
                 7.94/7.61 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 41 
                 3700 
                 5.68/5.96 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 42 
                 370 
                 6.56/6.26 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 43 
                 19 
                 8.97/8.61 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 44 
                 16 
                 8.23/7.70 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 45 
                 4.4 
                 8.41/8.24 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 46 
                 110 
                 6.80/6.64 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 47 
                 21 
                 7.85/7.58 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 48 
                 680 
                 6.27/6.75 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 49 
                 120 
                 7.06/7.67 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 50 
                 54 
                 7.71/7.89 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 51 
                 8.7 
                 8.39/8.51 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 52 
                 100 
                 8.14/8.12 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 53 
                 65 
                 7.56/7.83 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 54 
                 3100 
                 6.02 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 55 
                 80 
                 6.56/7.13 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 56 
                 5.0 
                 9.04/8.35 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 57 
                 2300 
                 6.00 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 58 
                 140 
                 6.45/6.57 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 59 
                 120 
                 7.23/7.59 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 60 
                 2200 
                 6.40/6.03 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 61 
                 110 
                 7.29/7.70 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 62 
                 26 
                 8.69/8.61 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 63 
                 61 
                 7.77/7.67 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 64 
                 54 
                 7.00/6.77 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 65 
                 23 
                 7.85/7.75 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 66 
                 12 
                 9.34/8.58 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 67 
                 3100 
                 5.88/5.78 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 68 
                 8.6 
                 8.19/8.65 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 69 
                 15 
                 7.80/8.28 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 70 
                 44 
                 7.71/8.05 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 71 
                 12,000 
                 * 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 72 
                 83 
                 6.11/6.10 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 73 
                 790 
                 7.65/7.46 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 74 
                 6.5 
                 8.56/8.39 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 75 
                 570 
                 6.00/5.45 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 76 
                 5400 
                 5.52/5.78 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 77 
                 15,000 
                 5.77 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 78 
                 101 
                 7.0 
                   
                 93 
                  60-100 
               
               
                 79 
                 4.9 
                 9.2 
                   
                 100  
                 &gt;200 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 50 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 80 
                 25 
                 8.1 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 81 
                 18 
                 8.0 
                   
                 40 
                   180 
               
               
                 82 
                 7.9 
                 8.5 
                   
                 20 
                   180 
               
               
                 83 
                 3.6 
                 8.3 
                   
                 15 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 84 
                 16 
                 7.1 
                   
                 20 
                    30 
               
               
                 85 
                 8.7 
                 8.9 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 86 
                 9 
                 7.8 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 87 
                 91 
                 7.8 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 88 
                 50 
                 7.7 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 89 
                 18 
                 7.9 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 90 
                 5.6 
                 9.0 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 91 
                 30 
                 8.6 
                   
                 40 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 92 
                 35 
                 7.9 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 93 
                 480 
                 NT 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 94 
                 5,800 
                 NT 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 95 
                 66 
                 8.2 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 96 
                 21 
                 8.0 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 97 
                 280 
                 7.7 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 98 
                 22 
                 8.1 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 99 
                 280 
                 6.5 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 100 
                 4.4 
                 9.4 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 101 
                 36 
                 7.8 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 102 
                 43 
                 7.7 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 103 
                 12 
                 8.0 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 104 
                 15 
                 8.0 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 105 
                 290 
                 6.6 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 106 
                 48 
                 7.7 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 107 
                 180 
                 8.3 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 108 
                 720 
                 5.3 
                 100  
                 45 
                    90 
               
               
                 109 
                 250 
                 7.3 
                 30 
                 50 
                    30 
               
               
                 110 
                 590 
                 6.4 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 111 
                 45 
                 9.0 
                 30 
                 87 
                   160 
               
               
                 112 
                 2000 
                 5.2 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 113 
                 12 
                 8.4 
                 10 
                 60 
                   180 
               
               
                 114 
                 400 
                 6.4 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 115 
                 11 
                 8.2 
                  3 
                 40 
                 &gt;240 
               
               
                 116 
                 230 
                 6.5 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 117 
                 170 
                 6.5 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 118 
                 37 
                 9.21/9.17 
                 10 
                 70 
                   120 
               
               
                 119 
                 16 
                 9.21/9.00 
                  3 
                 20 
                    60 
               
               
                 120 
                 25 
                 9.05/8.77 
                 10 
                 80 
                   240 
               
               
                 121 
                 46 
                 NT 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 122 
                 46 
                 NT 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 123 
                 50 
                 NT 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 124 
                 40 
                 9.42/9.12 
                  3 
                 45 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 125 
                 40 
                 9.25/8.80 
                  3 
                 35 
                 &gt;240 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 126 
                 240 
                 7.20/7.05 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 127 
                 12,000 
                 4.96 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 128 
                 16 
                 8.63/8.40 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 129 
                 6,700 
                 5.30 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 130 
                 40 
                 8.10/7.94 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 131 
                 9.5 
                 7.53/8.25 
               
               
                 132 
                 12 
                 8.6 
                   
                 NT 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 133 
                 10 
                 8.7 
                  3 
                 20 
                   180 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                  90-120 
               
               
                 134 
                 22 
                 9.3 
                  3 
                 35 
                   180 
               
               
                 135 
                 16 
                 8.5 
                  3 
                 35 
                 &gt;180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 136 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 137 
                 220 
                 8.3 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 138 
                 130 
                 8.2 
                   
                 NT 
               
               
                 139 
                 0.270 
                 6.3 
                   
                 NT 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 140 
                 0.031 
                 8.1 
                   
                 100  
                   160 
               
               
                 141 
                 0.110 
                 8.02 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 142 
                 2.000 
                 NA 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 143 
                 0.052 
                 7.7 
                   
                 85 
                    75 
               
               
                 144 
                 0.088 
                 7.7 
                   
                 50 
                   125 
               
               
                 145 
                 0.480 
                 6.7 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 146 
                 0.072 
                 6.4 
                   
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 147 
                 5.8 
                 5.6 
                  3 
                 74 
                  5-10 
               
               
                 148 
                 0.87 
                 5.8 
                  3 
                 92 
                 20-30 
               
               
                 149 
                 1.1 
                 6.1 
                  3 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                 150 
                 14 
                 8.03/7.80 
                  3 
                 25 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 151 
                 17 
                 7.76/7.97 
                  3 
                 15 
                   180 
               
               
                 152 
                 150 
                 7.46/7.23 
                  3 
                 10 
                   140 
               
               
                 153 
                 13 
                 8.30/7.69 
                  3 
                 25 
                 &gt;180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 154 
                 97 
                 8.19/8.38 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 155 
                 86 
                 7.60/7.14 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 156 
                 78 
                 8.03/7.66 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 157 
                 530 
                   —/6.22 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 158 
                 54 
                 8.23/8.14 
                  3 
                 30 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 159 
                 21 
                 7.92/7.56 
                  3 
                 10 
                   150 
               
               
                 160 
                 64 
                 7.87/7.71 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 161 
                 28 
                   
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 162 
                 380 
                 6.21/6.55 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 163 
                 420 
                 7.42/6.75 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 164 
                 1700 
                   
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 165 
                 410 
                 6.90/7.18 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 166 
                 160 
                 7.57/7.74 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 167 
                 370 
                 7.08/7.11 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 168 
                 420 
                 7.69/7.58 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 169 
                 150 
                 7.78/7.58 
                  3 
                 15 
                   180 
               
               
                 170 
                 26 
                 7.08/7.77 
                  3 
                 40 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 171 
                 28 
                 7.52/7.11 
                  3 
                  0 
                    0 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 172 
                 70 
                 7.15/7.04 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 173 
                 90 
                 7.49/6.92 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 174 
                 180 
                 7.29/7.02 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 175 
                 27 
                 NA 
                  3 
                  0 
                    0 
               
               
                 176 
                 9.8 
                 7.69/7.55 
                  3 
                 10 
                   150 
               
               
                 177 
                 26 
                 7.41/7.85 
                  3 
                 15 
                   180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 178 
                 88 
                 7.54/7.47 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 179 
                 310 
                 6.67/— 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 180 
                 20 
                 7.56/7.15 
                  3 
                 25 
                   180 
               
               
                 181 
                 21 
                 7.70/7.12 
                  3 
                 20 
                   180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 182 
                 59 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 183 
                 390 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 184 
                 1100 
                 6.78/— 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 185 
                 6.5 
                 8.82/8.53 
                  3 
                 50 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 186 
                 38 
                 8.33/7.40 
                  3 
                 25 
                   180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 187 
                 770 
                 7.46/6.95 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 188 
                 140 
                 7.72/7.09 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 189 
                 29 
                 8.64/8.23 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 190 
                 10 
                 7.87/7.89 
                  3 
                 10 
                   180 
               
               
                 191 
                 81 
                 7.75/7.76 
                  3 
                 10 
                   180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 192 
                 140 
                   
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 193 
                 11 
                 9.27/8.87 
                  3 
                 10 
                   180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 194 
                 47 
                 7.64/7.35 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 195 
                 34 
                 8.44/8.03 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 196 
                 31 
                 7.68/8.26 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 197 
                 14 
                 8.03/8.60 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 198 
                 7.6 
                 8.76/8.64 
                  3 
                 35 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 199 
                 10 
                 8.79/8.85 
                  3 
                 60 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 200 
                 20 
                 8.42/8.77 
                  3 
                 45 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 201 
                 17 
                 8.78/8.63 
                  3 
                 10 
                   180 
               
               
                 202 
                 12 
                 8.79/8.64 
                  3 
                 65 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 203 
                 9.2 
                 8.43/8.36 
                  3 
                 50 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 204 
                 16 
                 9.17/8.86 
                  3 
                 75 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 205 
                 20 
                 9.14/9.15 
                  3 
                 40 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 206 
                 5.4 
                 8.75/8.89 
                  3 
                 30 
                 &gt;180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 207 
                 99 
                 9.04/8.60 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 208 
                 22 
                 9.19/8.69 
                  3 
                 50 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 209 
                 5.0 
                 9.41/9.16 
                  3 
                 25 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 210 
                 3.6 
                 8.36/8.44 
                  3 
                 15 
                   180 
               
               
                 211 
                 18 
                 8.74/8.67 
                  3 
                 35 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 212 
                 23 
                 8.85/8.25 
                  3 
                 15 
                   180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 213 
                 51 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 214 
                 65 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 215 
                 45 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 216 
                 5.4 
                 8.80/9.04 
                  3 
                 50 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 217 
                 9.4 
                 NA 
                  3 
                 65 
                 &gt;180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 218 
                 9.0 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 219 
                 14 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 220 
                 7.0 
                 NA 
                  3 
                 75 
                   120 
               
               
                 221 
                 4.8 
                 NA 
                  3 
                 25 
                 &gt;180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 222 
                 5.0 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 223 
                 14 
                 7.45/7.87 
                  3 
                 20 
                 &gt;180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 224 
                 91 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 225 
                 160 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 226 
                 93 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 227 
                 89 
                 7.55/7.67 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 228 
                 4.5 
                 9.17/8.25 
                  3 
                 80 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 229 
                 19 
                 NT 
                  3 
                 40 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 230 
                 2.6 
                 8.23/8.69 
                  3 
                 25 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 231 
                 3.6 
                 NT 
                  3 
                 75 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 232 
                 4.4 
                 8.59/8.89 
                  3 
                 70 
                 &gt;180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 233 
                 84 
                 8.51/8.78 
                   
                 NT 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 234 
                 5.0 
                 8.49/9.00 
                  3 
                 20 
                 — 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 235 
                 34 
                 7.14/7.07 
                   
                 NT 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 236 
                 4.9 
                 NC 
                  3 
                 70 
                 &gt;180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 237 
                 3.6 
                 NT 
                   
                 NT 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 238 
                 1.7 
                 NT 
                  3 
                 15 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 239 
                 6.8 
                 7.88/8.01 
                  3 
                 20 
                 &gt;180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 240 
                 120 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 241 
                 6.9 
                 8.57/8.24 
                  3 
                 40 
                 &gt;180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 242 
                 110 
                 7.11/6.60 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 243 
                 250 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 244 
                 150 
                 7.17/7.17 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 245 
                 98 
                 6.64/7.04 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 246 
                 72 
                 7.46/7.59 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 247 
                 9.4 
                 8.26/8.41 
                  3 
                 20 
                   180 
               
               
                 248 
                 20 
                 7.68/7.50 
                  3 
                 10 
                 — 
               
               
                 249 
                 4.4 
                 NA 
                  3 
                 20 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 250 
                 43 
                 NA 
                  3 
                  0 
                 — 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 251 
                 25 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 252 
                 13 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 253 
                 2.6 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 254 
                 72 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 255 
                 12 
                 7.61/7.46 
                  3 
                 20 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 256 
                 4.1 
                 8.43/7.78 
                  3 
                 30 
                 &gt;180 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 257 
                 160 
                 6.63/6.68 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 258 
                 350 
                 6.84/6.84 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 259 
                 54 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 260 
                 220 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 261 
                 18 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 262 
                 530 
                   —/6.22 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 263 
                 57 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 264 
                 11 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 265 
                 110 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 266 
                 290 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 267 
                 25 
                 NA 
                  3 
                 25 
                 &gt;180 
               
               
                 268 
                 520 
                 NA 
                  3 
                  0 
                 — 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 269 
                 9.7 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
               
                 270 
                 21 
                 NA 
                   
                 NA 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 271 
                 14 
                 NC 
                  3 
                 20% 
                 — 
               
               
                 272 
                 97 
                 NC 
                  3 
                 70% 
                 &gt;180 min. 
               
               
                 273 
                 9.8 
                 8.53/8.61 
                  3 
                 25% 
                 &gt;180 min. 
               
               
                 274 
                 13 
                 9.06/8.85 
                  3 
                 35% 
                 &gt;180 min. 
               
               
                 275 
                 6.3 
                 9.07/— 
                  3 
                 40% 
                 &gt;180 min. 
               
               
                 276 
                 33 
                 8.71/8.64 
                  3 
                 &lt;20%   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 277 
                 190 
                   —/6.54 
                   
                 NT 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 278 
                 30 
                 8.49/8.51 
                  3 
                 50% 
                 &gt;180 min. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 279 
                 270 
                 8.06/8.25 
                   
                 NT 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 280 
                 480 
                 6.41/6.35 
                 NT 
                 NT 
                 NT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 NT = NOT TESTED  
               
               
                 NC = Non-Competitive antagonist  
               
               
                 * Antagonist Activity not observed up to 10 μM of test compound.  
               
               
                   1 Assay A: Angiotensin II Binding Activity  
               
               
                   2 Assay B: In Vitro Vascular Smooth Muscle Response  
               
               
                   3 Assay C: In Vivo Pressor Response  
               
               
                 Test Compounds administered intragastrically, except for compounds of examples #1-#2, #4-#25, #27-#29, #30-#79, #108-#109, #111, #118 and #139-#149 which were given intraduodenally.  
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Administration of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist and the aldosterone receptor antagonist may take place sequentially in separate formulations, or may be accomplished by simultaneous administration in a single formulation or separate formulations. Administration may be accomplished by oral route, or by intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. The formulation may be in the form of a bolus, or in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules having one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers or diluents, or a binder such as gelatin or hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose, together with one or more of a lubricant, preservative, surface-active or dispersing agent. 
     For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of, for example, a tablet, capsule, suspension or liquid. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably made in the form of a dosage unit containing a particular amount of the active ingredient. Examples of such dosage units are tablets or capsules. These may with advantage contain an amount of each active ingredient from about 1 to 250 mg, preferably from about 25 to 150 mg. A suitable daily dose for a mammal may vary widely depending on the condition of the patient and other factors. However, a dose of from about 0.01 to 30 mg/kg body weight, particularly from about 1 to 15 mg/kg body weight, may be appropriate. 
     The active ingredients may also be administered by injection as a composition wherein, for example, saline, dextrose or water may be used as a suitable carrier. A suitable daily dose of each active component is from about 0.01 to 15 mg/kg body weight injected per day in multiple doses depending on the disease being treated. A preferred daily dose would be from about 1 to 10 mg/kg body weight. Compounds indicated for prophylactic therapy will preferably be administered in a daily dose generally in a range from about 0.1 mg to about 15 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. A more preferred dosage will be a range from about 1 mg to about 15 mg per kilogram of body weight. Most preferred is a dosage in a range from about 1 to about 10 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. A suitable dose can be administered, in multiple sub-doses per day. These sub-doses may be administered in unit dosage forms. Typically, a dose or sub-dose may contain from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of active compound per unit dosage form. A more preferred dosage will contain from about 2 mg to about 50 mg of active compound per unit dosage form. Most preferred is a dosage form containing from about 3 mg to about 25 mg of active compound per unit dose. 
     In combination therapy, the aldosterone receptor antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 5 mg to about 400 mg, and the AII antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 1 mg to about 800 mg, which represents aldosterone antagonist-to-AII antagonist ratios ranging from about 400:1 to about 1:160. 
     In a preferred combination therapy, the aldosterone receptor antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 10 mg to about 200 mg, and the AII antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 5 mg to about 600 mg, which represents aldosterone antagonist-to-AII antagonist ratios ranging from about 40:1 to about 1:60. 
     In a more preferred combination therapy, the aldosterone receptor antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 20 mg to about 100 mg, and the AII antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 10 mg to about 400 mg, which represents aldosterone antagonist-to-AII antagonist ratios ranging from about 10:1 to about 1:20. 
     The dosage regimen for treating a disease condition with the combination therapy of this invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors, including the type, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient, the severity of the disease, the route of administration, and the particular compound employed, and thus may vary widely. 
     For therapeutic purposes, the active components of this combination therapy invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate to the indicated route of administration. If administered per os, the components may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, cellulose alkyl esters, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and then tableted or encapsulated for convenient administration. Such capsules or tablets may contain a controlled-release formulation as may be provided in a dispersion of active compound in hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. Formulations for parenteral administration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules having one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration. The components may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art. 
     Although this invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, the details of these embodiments are not to be construed as limitations.