Patent Publication Number: US-2017371846-A1

Title: Document scale and position optimization

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/058,139 entitled “Document Scale and Position Optimization.” filed on Oct. 18, 2013, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/791,525 entitled “Document Scale And Position Optimization.” filed on Mar. 15, 2013, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     The present disclosure generally relates to the transmission of data over a network, and more particularly to the use of a computing device to provide for display data communicated over a network. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Portable electronic devices often have a limited viewing region (or “viewport”) within which to display content. Due to the relatively large amount of content for display in a document or other file, typically a portion of the content in the document may be displayed within the viewport while the remaining content of the document remains outside of the viewport. Alternatively, to display all of the content of the document, the document may be scaled to a very small degree in order to fit within the viewport. As a result, a user viewing the content will need to scroll (or “pan”) or scale (or “zoom”) the document to view content currently outside the viewport, or content within the viewport that is difficult to read. It is, however, often very difficult for the user to accurately scroll or scale the document to an optimal scale and position to view content the user intends to view. This difficulty is exacerbated when the document to view includes content having different optimal scales and positions. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a computer-implemented method for optimizing a scale and position of a document in response to a user input is provided. The method includes receiving an initial input request to scale a document to display a target portion of the document, and identifying at least one relevant portion of content at or near the target portion of the document. The method also includes adjusting a position and scale of the document while receiving the initial input request to an optimal position and to an optimal scale for viewing the at least one relevant portion. 
     According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a system for optimizing a scale and position of a document in response to a user input is provided. The system includes a memory that includes a document for display, and a processor. The processor is configured to execute instructions to receive an initial input request to scale the document to display a target portion of the document, and identify at least one relevant portion of content at or near the target portion of the document. The processor is also configured to execute instructions to provide, for display, a visual identification of the at least one relevant portion while receiving the initial input request, and adjust a position and scale of the document while receiving the initial input request to an optimal position and to an optimal scale for viewing the at least one relevant portion. 
     According to a further embodiment of the present disclosure, a machine-readable storage medium includes machine-readable instructions for causing a processor to execute a method for optimizing a scale and position of a document in response to a user input is provided. The method includes receiving an initial input request to scale a document to display a target portion of the document, and identifying at least one relevant portion of content at or near the target portion of the document. The method also includes adjusting a position and scale of the document while receiving the initial input request to an optimal position and to an optimal scale for viewing the at least one relevant portion, and receiving a further input request includes an amount by which to scale the document, wherein a single multi-touch pinch or spread input request includes the initial input request and the further input request. When a threshold portion of the amount by which to scale the document is not exceeded by the further input request, the method includes maintaining the document in the optimal position and at the optimal scale when receiving the further input request. When the threshold portion of the amount by which to scale the document is exceeded by the further input request, the method includes adjusting the position and scale of the document to a non-optimal position for viewing the at least one relevant portion in response to the further input request. 
     It is understood that other configurations of the subject technology will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, wherein various configurations of the subject technology are shown and described by way of illustration. As will be realized, the subject technology is capable of other and different configurations and its several details are capable of modification in various other respects, all without departing from the scope of the subject technology. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide further understanding and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate disclosed embodiments and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosed embodiments. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example architecture for optimizing a scale and position of a document in response to a user input. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an example client from the architecture of  FIG. 1  according to certain aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  illustrate example processes for optimizing a scale and position of a document in response to various user inputs using the example client of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIGS. 4A-4G  are example illustrations associated with the example processes of  FIGS. 3A and 3B . 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating an example computer system with which the client and server of  FIG. 2  can be implemented. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a full understanding of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, to one ordinarily skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without some of these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the disclosure. 
     The disclosed system facilitates a user&#39;s ability to scroll or scale a document to view intended content in the document by predicting content or groups of content the user would view. The system then both scrolls and scales the document to an optimal level to view the content, as well as restrains (but does not preclude) the user from scrolling and scaling the document to a non-optimal position and scale. Specifically, the disclosed system identifies relevant content within a document. The identification may occur before or after receiving an initial input request from the user to scroll or scale the document. 
     If the initial input request is for scaling the document at or near a portion of the document, then relevant identified content at least partially within the portion of the document based on the input request is determined. The document is scaled during the initial input request to an optimal scale and position to view the relevant identified content. If the initial input request is for scrolling the document to a target portion of the document, then relevant identified content at least partially within the target portion of the document is determined. For either a scaling input request or a scrolling input request, the document is scaled and scrolled during the initial input request to an optimal scale and position to view the relevant identified content. In both instances, the disclosed system may, for example, provide graphical feedback to indicate to the user that an optimal scale and position has been reached. The graphical feedback can be, for example, shadowing, a change of color, a change of gradient, blinking, stretching, or snapping. 
     If a further input request is received for either scaling or scrolling the document as part of a single continuous input with the initial input request, then the system restrains, up to a certain degree, the user from scrolling or scaling the document beyond the current optimal scale and position. For example, if the initial input request is a touch input from a user to scroll the document, then the document may initially scroll and scale to an optimal scale and position to view relevant identified content while the user is still scrolling using the touch input. If the user continues the touch input to provide a further input request to scroll beyond the optimal scale and position of the relevant identified content, then the system will not scroll the document until after a certain distance of the further input request is received. Additional graphical feedback can be provided while the user provides the further input request to indicate that the further input request would change the scale and position of the document to a non-optimal scale and non-optimal position. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example architecture  100  for optimizing a scale and position of a document in response to a user input. The architecture  100  includes servers  130  and clients  110  connected over a network  150 . 
     Each of the clients  110  is configured to load and execute an application for viewing a document. The document includes portions of content that may be of interest to a user viewing the document. The clients  110  can be, for example, desktop computers, mobile computers, tablet computers (e.g., including e-book readers), mobile devices (e.g., a smartphone or PDA), set top boxes (e.g., for a television), video game consoles, or any other devices having appropriate processor, memory, and communications capabilities. One of the many servers  130  to which the clients  110  are connected over the network  150  may be configured to host a document information repository that identifies, for a certain document, the interesting portions of content in that document. For purposes of load balancing, multiple servers  130  can host the document information repository. The servers  130  can be any device having an appropriate processor, memory, and communications capability for hosting data encoder service. The network  150  can include, for example, any one or more of a personal area network (PAN), a local area network (LAN), a campus area network (CAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), a broadband network (BBN), the Internet, and the like. Further, the network  150  can include, but is not limited to, any one or more of the following network topologies, including a bus network, a star network, a ring network, a mesh network, a star-bus network, tree or hierarchical network, and the like. 
     The application is configured to receive a scroll or scale (e.g., zoom) input request from a user for a document displayed in the application. The request can be, for example, a touch input request received via a touchscreen. While the application is receiving the input request, the application adjusts a position and scale of the document to optimal levels to view content that is determined to be the intended content the user seeks to view by providing the input request. As discussed herein, an optimal scale and optimal position for viewing a document includes adjusting the zoom level and position of the document to facilitate visibility or readability of the content by a user. For instance, if a user seeks to scroll to a certain target position of the document, the application will identify intended content the user seeks to view and optimally position and scale the document to view the content while the user&#39;s input request is being received. Similarly, if a user seeks to scale to a certain target scale of the document, the application will identify intended content the user seeks to view and optimally position and scale the document to view the content while the user&#39;s input request is being received. Content that may be relevant to a user input request may be identified prior to receiving the input request or while receiving the input request. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an example server  130  and client  110  in the architecture  100  of  FIG. 1  according to certain aspects of the disclosure. The client  110  and the server  130  are connected over the network  150  via respective communications modules  218  and  238 . The communications modules  218  and  238  are configured to interface with the network  150  to send and receive information, such as data, requests, responses, and commands to other devices on the network. The communications modules  218  and  238  can be, for example, modems or Ethernet cards. 
     The client  110  includes a processor  212 , the communications module  218 , and a memory  220  that includes an application  222  and a document  224  for viewing in the application  222 . The client  110  also includes an input device  216 , such as a touch input (e.g., touchpad or touchscreen), keyboard, or mouse, and an output device  214 , such as a display. The processor  212  of the client  110  is configured to execute instructions, such as instructions physically coded into the processor  212 , instructions received from software in memory  240  (e.g., from the application  222 ), or a combination of both for optimizing a scale and position of the document  224  in response to a user input. For example, the processor  212  of the client  110  executes instructions to receive an initial input request to scroll (or “pan”) a document to a target position of the document  224 , and identify at least one relevant portion of content at or near the target position of the document  224 . 
     The relevant portion of content in the document  224  can be identified prior to receiving the initial input request or during receipt of the initial input request. For example, the processor  212  can be instructed by the application  222  to identify relevant portions of content when the document  224  is first loaded into memory  220 , such as by updating a list of relevant portions of content for the document  224  incrementally as the document  224  loads. The processor  212  can be instructed by the application  222  to identify relevant portions of content when the initial input request to scroll or scale the document  224  is received. For instance, portions of content near where the input request originated with respect to the document  224  may be considered rather than the entire document  224 . 
     Relevant portions (or “interesting boxes”), such as boxes, columns, regions, or objects of content in the document  224  can be identified using various approaches, including graphical and semantic approaches. The identified relevant portions of content for the document  224  can be stored in a document information repository  234  in a memory  232  of a server  130  in order to facilitate an efficient identification of relevant portions of content for a document  224  by saving the results of an analysis of the document  224  to the server  130 , thereby avoiding repeatedly analyzing the same document  224  on different clients  110  to identify the same relevant portions of content in the document  224 . The relevant portions of content may then be provided to the application  222  on the client  110  when the document  224  is loaded in the application  222  via respective communications modules  218  and  238  of the client  110  and server  130  using their respective processors  212  and  236 . 
     A graphical approach to identifying relevant portions of content in the document  224  may consider portions of content that are separated by visual margins, borders, or other separators from other portions of content. Spatial cues like size and position may also be considered. 
     A semantic approach can also be used to identify relevant portions of content in the document  224 . For many software applications such as the application  222 , the rendering displayed for a document such as document  224  is commonly derived from a data model. Consequently, by linking interesting (e.g., significant, contextually relevant, or an exhaustive list of) entities or groups thereof in the data model to the portion of the document  224  in which they appear and based on the type of the application  222 , relevant portions of content and their positions in the document  224  may be identified. For example, in an application  222  configured for mapping, towns, roads and other entities can be found and optionally prioritized based on their geometric size, population, or other measures of significance. As another example, in an application  222  configured for web browsing, several approaches to semantically identify relevant portions of content may be used. For instance, when the document  224  is a web page, the structure of the Document Object Model (DOM) tree of the web page can be used to derive a hierarchy that may be broken down based on the size, position, layout properties, and other properties of elements in the hierarchy. A web browser configured to use text autosizing may also have partial information as to the blocks of text on a page from which cues may be taken. A web browser configured with a reader mode may use the reader mode to identify relevant portions of content in a web page. Additionally, a web page may be segmented according to various approaches to identify relevant portions of content. 
     All of the content in a document  224  may be segmented in its entirety to identify relevant portions of content, or in certain aspects a subset of the content in a document  224  deemed to be most relevant may be identified as relevant portions of content. With the express authorization of a user, a relevancy of portions of content may further be identified using eye tracking or cursor or finger tracking to determine what the user is likely paying attention to. For content such as an image that has no known explicit boxes, columns, or objects, image recognition may be used to identify relevant portions or content. In certain aspects, relevant portions may be identified in a document  224  using such techniques to weigh importance without a need to divide the document  224  into discrete segments. Such relevant portions may be associated together to determine an optimal viewing scale and position. 
     Using the identified relevant portions of content in the document  224 , the processor  212  is configured to adjust a position and scale of the document, while receiving the initial input request, to an optimal position and an optimal scale for viewing the relevant portion of the document  224 . As a result, a user does not need to provide a scale input (e.g., a pinch to zoom input on a touch interface) for the application  222  to adjust the scale and position of the document  224 . This feature is particularly useful when different portions of the document  224  have different optimal scales for viewing, as is the case for an application  222  using a text autosizing algorithm. In certain aspects, instead of scaling the document  224  to view relevant text content, the application  222  may instead adjust a font size of the text to an optimal reading size for reading the text (e.g., while receiving the initial input request). 
     For instance, while the user is providing an input request to scroll the document  224 , the processor  212  can identify relevant portions of content within the viewport of the client  110 . In certain aspects, content in the document  224  near the center of the viewport may be provided greater relevance weight (e.g., by being analyzed first) as a user commonly terminates the input request with content they are interested in approximately centered within the viewport. If the user scrolls along a single axis, whether vertically or horizontally in the document  224 , the user may have centered relevant content along the single axis, and the processor  212  may use other information and heuristics to estimate a position of the relevant content along the other axis. In certain aspects, the processor  212  may predict that the relevant portion of content is to be centered along the other axis or aligned with corresponding edges of the output device  214 . 
     When the provided input request scrolls a display of the document  224  within the viewport to reach an edge of the document  224 , the processor  212  may identify that the user is interested in content near the edge of the document  224 , but may be unable to center the content of the document  224  within the viewport because the positioning of the document is near the edge, such as where the application  222  does not permit scrolling of the document  224  past the edge of a document  224 . In such cases, when identifying relevant content near the edge of the document  224 , the processor  212  is configured to provide greater weight in determining relevance to content near the scrolled to edge of the document  224 . 
     If the input request to scroll the document  224  is a manual scroll (e.g., on a touch input device  216 , this is while the user&#39;s finger is touching the input device  216 ) rather than a momentum scroll (or “fling to scroll”), the processor  212  may highlight or otherwise visually indicate relevant portions of content in the document  224  on the output device  214 . A visual indicator identifying the relevant portions of content in the document  224  may be provided that further indicates a confidence value associated with the relevant portion of content. 
     A visual indicator identifying relevant portions of content in the document  224  may be provided in various ways, such as by highlighting the relevant content or adjusting tracking or speed of movement of the document  224  in response to the input request, or a combination thereof. Relevant content may be highlighted using borders around the content, coloring of the relevant content or its background, adjusting a font size or appearance of the relevant content, or animating the relevant content (e.g., using blinking text). 
     The tracking of the document  224  may be adjusted to indicate relevant content by having the position of the document  224  adjust away from the direction of the user&#39;s input request and in the direction of the relevant content that would be followed once the user ends the input request. The tracking adjustment can be visually indicated by, for example, a line from the position of the input request (e.g., from the position of the user&#39;s finger on a touchscreen interface) to the relevant portion of content. The tracking adjustment can also be visually indicated by distorting or otherwise deforming the rendering of the document  224  at or near the position of the input request with respect to the document  224  (e.g., at or near where a finger is pressing on a touchscreen interface), as if the document  224  was being stretched at the position of the input request. A confidence value of the relevant content may be indicated by a degree by which the relevant content pulls away. For example, a zero degree pull away would appear as the document not stretching, thereby indicating that when the input request is released the document  224  will not be snapped to. In certain aspects, the tracking of the document  224  may be adjusted to indicate relevant content by having the position and scale of the document  224  adjust completely to the optimal position and scale for viewing the relevant content to be used once the user ends the input request. 
     The speed of movement of the document  224  in response to an input request to scroll may also be adjusted to indicate relevant content. For example, the movement speed may be increased when the document  224  is being scrolled in the direction of the relevant content, and the movement speed may be decreased when the document  224  is being scrolled away from the relevant content (e.g., such that movement of the document  224  lags slightly behind or ahead of the positioning of the input request). When adjusting the speed of movement of the document  224  in response to the input request, snapping of the document  224  may be limited to when the input request is released near relevant content. 
     Once the visual indicator for a relevant portion of content is provided, the processor  212  is configured to permit the user to scale and position the document  224  to a more optimal level and position for viewing the relevant portion of content. The processor  212  may alternatively automatically scale and position (or “snap”) the document  224  to an optimal level and position. In certain aspects, snapping a document  224  does not require both optimization of the scale and position of the document  224  to view the relevant portion of content within the viewport, but may instead be limited to optimizing the scale of the document  224  without adjusting the position of the document  224  (e.g., for relevant portions of content that are relatively small in size at an optimal scale as compared to the viewport). 
     In certain aspects where the user is permitted to scale and position the document  224 , in order to provide a visual indicator for relevant content that the user may intend to view, the relevant content may be visually identified using, for example, shadowing, a change of color, a change of gradient, blinking, stretching, or snapping visual effects. In order to provide a visual indicator for relevant content that is larger or otherwise outside the viewport of the output device  214 , a radial gradient outline may be provided for display that is fully opaque at each edge of the relevant content, and gradually becomes more translucent in a direction towards the center of the relevant content. In such cases, even if the edge of the relevant content is outside the viewport of the client  110 , a user may easily estimate how far away portions of the relevant content are outside the viewport. 
     In certain aspects where the processor  212  is configured to snap the document  224  to an optimal scale and position, a visual effect for the snapping can include a smooth animation or springing to convey to the user what occurred. In certain aspects, the processor  212  is configured to snap the document  224  to the optimal scale and position for a relevant portion of content when a confidence value for the relevant portion of content in the document  224  meets or exceeds a threshold confidence value. This approach is effective for aspects where a user may not desire the processor  212  to regularly snap the document  224  to content the processor  212  identifies as relevant. 
     The confidence value for a relevant portion of content may be based on whether the relevant portion of content is at or near (in scale and position) to where the user ended the input request, or when the relevant portion of content in the document  224  is deemed to be sufficiently relevant as discussed above (e.g., using eye tracking). 
     A user may be provided with an interface for canceling snapping behavior by the application  222 . For example, a confidence value associated with a relevant portion of content may decrease over time if the user provides a further input request to scroll or scale the document  224  (e.g., by continuing the input request) after the document  224  has been snapped. A single input request may include the initial input request and the further input request, such that both the initial input request and the further input request are part of one continuous input request. For example, with a touch interface input device  216 , a user may touch the input device  216  with the user&#39;s finger and drag the finger across the input device  216  in a direction to provide the initial input request. The user may then pause movement of the user&#39;s finger, and then resume dragging the user&#39;s finger in the direction to provide the further input request without ever having raised the user&#39;s finger from the input device  216 . After providing the further input request, the user may then lift the user&#39;s finger  216  from the input device. As another example, with a touch interface input device  216 , a user may provide a multi-touch pinch action to the input device  216  with the user&#39;s fingers to provide the initial input request to zoom out of the document  224  (or multi-touch spread action to zoom in to the document  224 ). The user may then pause movement of the user&#39;s fingers, and then resume the pinching action to provide the further input request without ever having raised the user&#39;s fingers from the input device  216 . 
     As such, if a further input request to scroll the document is received for a distance that exceeds a threshold distance value, then the document  224  may be scrolled to a non-optimal position for viewing the relevant portion of content. If, however, the further input request does not exceed the threshold distance value, the document  224  may maintain its optimal position for viewing the relevant portion of content. Similarly, if a further input request to scale the document is received for a scaling level that exceeds a threshold scale value, then the document  224  may be scaled to a non-optimal position for viewing the relevant portion of content. If, however, the further input request does not exceed the threshold scale value, the document  224  may maintain its optimal scale for viewing the relevant portion of content. 
     A confidence value associated with a relevant portion of content may also decrease over time if the user provides an alternative input request other than scrolling or scaling (e.g., a cancellation input request, such as shaking a position of a finger on a touch interface). If the further input request is received after the document  224  has been positioned to an optimal position or scaled to an optimal scale for viewing the relevant content, then the processor  212  is configured to display graphical feedback indicating the document  224  is in an optimal position and/or optimal scale for viewing the relevant portion of content. The graphical feedback can include, for example, a shadowing effect, a change of color, a change of gradient, a blinking effect, a stretching effect, or a snapping effect. 
     A confidence value associated with a relevant portion of content may be graphically indicated. For example, a thickness, opaqueness, or other visual indicator associated with the visual identification of the relevant portion of content may be changed so that a user can see how likely the application  222  is to adjust the scaling and positioning of the document  224 . 
     If the input request to scroll the document  224  is a momentum scroll, the processor  212  is configured to calculate a target position for displaying the document  224 , and then identify relevant portions of content at or near the target position for displaying the document  224 . A distance to a target destination of the momentum scroll in the axis direction of the momentum scroll may be adjusted in length if necessary to position the document  224  in an optimal position for viewing relevant content. In certain aspects, if a confidence value associated with relevant content near a target destination is high, a position of the document  224  along the axis perpendicular to the axis direction of the momentum may be adjusted as well. Additionally, the scale (e.g., zoom level) of the document  224  may be adjusted in addition to the position of the document  224  in order to provide an optimal scale for viewing relevant content. Such document position and scale adjustments in response to an input request (e.g., on-axis scroll distance, off-axis scroll offset, and zoom level) may be done smoothly over the course of the momentum scroll, although in certain aspects the adjustments may be provided to a greater degree towards the end of the momentum scroll in case the user attempts to prematurely end the momentum scroll. 
     In addition to receiving an input request to scroll the document  224 , the processor  212  of the client  110  is also configured to execute instructions to receive an initial input request to scale the document  224  to display a target portion of the document  224 , identify at least one relevant portion of content at or near the target portion of the document  224 , and adjust a position and scale of the document  224  while receiving the initial input request to an optimal position and to an optimal scale for viewing the relevant portion. 
     For instance, the user may indicate using an input request to scale the document  224  that the user would like to zoom in or out of the document  224 . The input request to scale the document  224  can be, for example, an instantaneous scaling action such as tapping the touch interface, a keyboard shortcut, or mouse-wheel scroll. The input request to scale the document  224  can also be an action performed over a period of time, such as a pinch gesture on a touch interface input device  216  or other touch gestures. 
     For instantaneous scaling actions, such as a pressing a keyboard shortcut, the processor  212  is configured to determine relevant content at or near the target region of the scaling action (e.g., within a smaller area than the viewport when zooming in, or within a larger area than the viewport when zooming out). The processor  212  then adjusts the scale in the direction the user has requested via the instantaneous scaling action, but rather than adjusting the scale by a preset amount for the instantaneous scaling action, the processor  212  adjusts the scale of the document  224  to a level that is optimal for viewing the relevant content and adjusts the position of the document  224  to an optimal viewing position (e.g., having the relevant content within the viewport). For example, if the relevant content is displayed primarily at the top-left of the output device  214 , the processor  212  is configured to adjust the scale and position of the document  224  for the top left region of the output device  214 . 
     For input requests to scale the document  224  performed over a period of time, such as a pinch to zoom action, continuous visual feedback may be provided to assist guiding the user towards a relevant portion of the document  224 . Continuous visual feedback may be provided by either permitting the user to scale and position the document  224  to a more optimal level and position for viewing the relevant portion of content, or automatically snapping the document  224  to an optimal level and position, as discussed above. 
     If the input request to scale the document  224  is performed quickly, a confidence value associated with relevant content within the intended scaled region of the document  224  may be assigned based on the speed of the input request. For example, a greater confidence value may be assigned when an input request to scale is performed quickly because the user is likely not being careful in scaling to content, as compared to when the input request to scale the document  224  is performed slowly which may indicate the user is performing a careful scaling towards specific content in the document  224 . Configuration of whether an input request to scale is considered fast or slow may be calibrated manually or automatically for each user. Relevant content having higher confidence values are more likely to be snapped to than relevant content having lower confidence values. 
     In certain aspects, if the input request is to scroll the document  224  to a target position from an initial position having an initial scale, the processor  212  can be configured to identify another relevant portion of content between the initial position of the document  224  and the target position of the document  224 . If the other relevant portion of content has a different optimal scale for viewing than the optimal scale for viewing the initially identified relevant portion, then the processor  212  can maintain the initial scale of the document  224  while receiving the initial input request and providing the other relevant portion of content for display, until the target position of the document is provided for display  224 . As a result, the document  224  is not scaled to various degrees multiple times during positioning of a document when the positioning of a document passes over or across other relevant portions of content. 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates an example process  300  for optimizing a scale and position of the document  224  in response to a user input to scale the document  224  using the example client  110  of  FIG. 2 . While  FIG. 3A  is described with reference to  FIG. 2 , it should be noted that the process steps of  FIG. 3A  may be performed by other systems. 
     The process  300  begins by proceeding from beginning step  301  when a document  224  is loaded in the application  222  to step  302  when an initial input request to scale the document  224  to display a target portion of the document  224  is received. Next, in step  303 , at least one relevant portion of content at or near the target portion of the document  224  is identified, and in step  304 , while still receiving the initial input request, a position and scale of the document  224  is adjusted to an optimal position and an optimal scale for viewing the relevant portion of the document  224 . The process  300  then ends in step  305 . 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates an example process  350  for optimizing a scale and position of the document  224  in response to a user input to scroll the document  224  using the example client  110  of  FIG. 2 . While  FIG. 3B  is described with reference to  FIG. 2 , it should be noted that the process steps of  FIG. 3B  may be performed by other systems. 
     The process  350  begins by proceeding from beginning step  351  when a document  224  is loaded in the application  222  to step  352  when an initial input request to scroll the document  224  to a target position of the document  224  is received. Next, in step  353 , at least one relevant portion of content at or near the target position of the document  224  is identified, and in step  354 , while still receiving the initial input request, a position and scale of the document  224  is adjusted to an optimal position and an optimal scale for viewing the relevant portion of the document  224 . The process  350  then ends in step  355 . 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  set forth an example process  300  for optimizing a scale and position of a document in response to a user input using the example client  110  of  FIG. 2 . Examples will now be described using the example processes  300  and  350  of  FIGS. 3A and 3B , an application  222  that is a web browser, and a document  224  that is a web page. 
     With reference to the process  300  of  FIG. 3A , the process  300  begins by proceeding from beginning step  301  when a web page  224  is loaded in the web browser  222 . As provided in the example illustration  400  of  FIG. 4A , the web page  224  has two relevant portions  402  and  404  of content. One relevant portion of content  402  towards the left side of the web page  224  is displayed in a larger font size than the other relevant portion of content  404  on the right side of the web page  224 , which is displayed in a smaller font size. In step  302 , an initial input request is received from a user that is for a multi-touch spread input  406  to scale the web page  224  to display a target portion of the web page  224  at a more magnified scale. Next, in step  303 , the relevant portion of content  404  at or near the target portion of the web page  224  to be scaled is identified, and in step  304 , while still receiving the initial multi-touch spread input request, a position and scale of the web page  224  is adjusted to an optimal position and an optimal scale for viewing the relevant portion of the web page  224 , as provided in the example illustration  410  of  FIG. 4B . If the user provides a further multi-touch spread input request  424  after the optimal scale and position for viewing the relevant portion of content  404  have been reached, the web browser  222  provides a visual indicator  422  indicating that the current viewing scale and position of the web page  224  is an optimal viewing scale and position for the relevant content  404 . The process  300  then ends in step  305 . 
     With reference to the process  350  of  FIG. 3B , the process  350  begins by proceeding from beginning step  351  when a web page  224  is loaded in the web browser  222  to step  352  when an initial touch input request  432  to scroll the web page  224  from an initial position viewing content  404  having a first, smaller size to a target position of the web page  224  is received as provided in the example illustration  430  of  FIG. 4D . The content  402  at the target position of the web page  224  has a larger size than the content  402  at the initial position of the web page  224 . Next, in step  353 , at least one relevant portion of content at or near the target position of the document  224  is identified.  FIG. 4E  provides an example illustration  440  of the web page  224  being scrolled while receiving the initial touch input request  432 . The relevant content  402  at the target position of the web page  224  is indicated using a visual indicator  442  that is a dotted line outlining the relevant content  402 . In step  354 , while still receiving the initial touch input request  432 , a position and scale of the web page  224  is adjusted to an optimal position and an optimal scale for viewing the relevant portion of content  402  of the web page  224  as provided in the example illustration  450  of  FIG. 4F . If the user provides a further touch input request  432  after the optimal scale and position for viewing the relevant portion of content  402  have been reached, the web browser  222  provides a visual indicator  422  indicating that the current viewing scale and position of the web page  224  is an optimal viewing scale and position for the relevant content  402 . The process  350  then ends in step  355 . 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating an example computer system  500  with which the client  110  and server of  FIG. 2  can be implemented. In certain aspects, the computer system  500  may be implemented using hardware or a combination of software and hardware, either in a dedicated server, or integrated into another entity, or distributed across multiple entities. 
     Computer system  500  (e.g., client  110  and servers  130 ) includes a bus  508  or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a processor  502  (e.g., processor  212  and  236 ) coupled with bus  508  for processing information. By way of example, the computer system  500  may be implemented with one or more processors  502 . Processor  502  may be a general-purpose microprocessor, a microcontroller, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a state machine, gated logic, discrete hardware components, or any other suitable entity that can perform calculations or other manipulations of information. 
     Computer system  500  can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them stored in an included memory  504  (e.g., memory  220  and  232 ), such as a Random Access Memory (RAM), a flash memory, a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), an Erasable PROM (EPROM), registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD, or any other suitable storage device, coupled to bus  508  for storing information and instructions to be executed by processor  502 . The processor  502  and the memory  504  can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry. 
     The instructions may be stored in the memory  504  and implemented in one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, the computer system  500 , and according to any method well known to those of skill in the art, including, but not limited to, computer languages such as data-oriented languages (e.g., SQL, dBase), system languages (e.g., C, Objective-C. C++, Assembly), architectural languages (e.g., Java, .NET), and application languages (e.g., PHP, Ruby, Perl, Python). Instructions may also be implemented in computer languages such as array languages, aspect-oriented languages, assembly languages, authoring languages, command line interface languages, compiled languages, concurrent languages, curly-bracket languages, dataflow languages, data-structured languages, declarative languages, esoteric languages, extension languages, fourth-generation languages, functional languages, interactive mode languages, interpreted languages, iterative languages, list-based languages, little languages, logic-based languages, machine languages, macro languages, metaprogramming languages, multiparadigm languages, numerical analysis, non-English-based languages, object-oriented class-based languages, object-oriented prototype-based languages, off-side rule languages, procedural languages, reflective languages, rule-based languages, scripting languages, stack-based languages, synchronous languages, syntax handling languages, visual languages, wirth languages, embeddable languages, and xml-based languages. Memory  504  may also be used for storing temporary variable or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor  502 . 
     A computer program as discussed herein does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, subprograms, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network. The processes and logic flows described in this specification can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. 
     Computer system  500  further includes a data storage device  506  such as a magnetic disk or optical disk, coupled to bus  508  for storing information and instructions. Computer system  500  may be coupled via input/output module  510  to various devices. The input/output module  510  can be any input/output module. Example input/output modules  510  include data ports such as USB ports. The input/output module  510  is configured to connect to a communications module  512 . Example communications modules  512  (e.g., communications module  218  and  238 ) include networking interface cards, such as Ethernet cards and modems. In certain aspects, the input/output module  510  is configured to connect to a plurality of devices, such as an input device  514  (e.g., input device  216 ) and/or an output device  516  (e.g., output device  214 ). Example input devices  514  include a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which a user can provide input to the computer system  500 . Other kinds of input devices  514  can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well, such as a tactile input device, visual input device, audio input device, or brain-computer interface device. For example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback. e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback, and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, tactile, or brain wave input. Example output devices  516  include display devices, such as a LED (light emitting diode), CRT (cathode ray tube), or LCD (liquid crystal display) screen, for displaying information to the user. 
     According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the client  110  and server  130  can be implemented using a computer system  500  in response to processor  502  executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in memory  504 . Such instructions may be read into memory  504  from another machine-readable medium, such as data storage device  506 . Execution of the sequences of instructions contained in main memory  504  causes processor  502  to perform the process steps described herein. One or more processors in a multi-processing arrangement may also be employed to execute the sequences of instructions contained in memory  504 . In alternative aspects, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement various aspects of the present disclosure. Thus, aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software. 
     Various aspects of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back end component, e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, e.g., an application server, or that includes a front end component, e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the subject matter described in this specification, or any combination of one or more such back end, middleware, or front end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication, e.g., a communication network. The communication network (e.g., network  150 ) can include, for example, any one or more of a personal area network (PAN), a local area network (LAN), a campus area network (CAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), a broadband network (BBN), the Internet, and the like. Further, the communication network can include, but is not limited to, for example, any one or more of the following network topologies, including a bus network, a star network, a ring network, a mesh network, a star-bus network, tree or hierarchical network, or the like. The communications modules can be, for example, modems or Ethernet cards. 
     Computing system  500  can include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. Computer system  500  can be, for example, and without limitation, a desktop computer, laptop computer, or tablet computer. Computer system  500  can also be embedded in another device, for example, and without limitation, a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile audio player, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, a video game console, and/or a television set top box. 
     The term “machine-readable storage medium” or “computer readable medium” as used herein refers to any medium or media that participates in providing instructions or data to processor  502  for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including, but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media include, for example, optical disks, magnetic disks, or flash memory, such as data storage device  506 . Volatile media include dynamic memory, such as memory  504 . Transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wire, and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise bus  508 . Common forms of machine-readable media include, for example, floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, DVD, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, an EPROM, a FLASH EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, or any other medium from which a computer can read. The machine-readable storage medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more of them. 
     As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” preceding a series of items, with the terms “and” or “or” to separate any of the items, modifies the list as a whole, rather than each member of the list (i.e., each item). The phrase “at least one of” does not require selection of at least one item; rather, the phrase allows a meaning that includes at least one of any one of the items, and/or at least one of any combination of the items, and/or at least one of each of the items. By way of example, the phrases “at least one of A. B. and C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” each refer to only A, only B. or only C; any combination of A, B, and C; and/or at least one of each of A, B. and C. 
     Terms such as “top,” “bottom.” “left.” “right” and the like as used in this disclosure should be understood as referring to an arbitrary frame of reference, rather than to the ordinary gravitational frame of reference. 
     Furthermore, to the extent that the term “include,” “have,” or the like is used in the description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprise” as “comprise” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. 
     A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically stated, but rather “one or more.” All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various configurations described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and intended to be encompassed by the subject technology. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the above description. 
     While this specification contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of particular implementations of the subject matter. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination. 
     Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the aspects described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all aspects, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. 
     The subject matter of this specification has been described in terms of particular aspects, but other aspects can be implemented and are within the scope of the following claims. For example, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. As one example, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Other variations are within the scope of the following claims. 
     These and other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.