Patent Publication Number: US-2022225571-A1

Title: Autonomous bale retrieval system

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention pertains to agricultural machines, and more particularly, to autonomous bale retrievers for locating and retrieving crop material bales in a field. 
     Agricultural harvesting machines, such as balers, are used to consolidate and package crop material so as to facilitate the storage and handling of the crop material for later use. In the case of hay, a mower-conditioner is typically used to cut and condition the crop material for windrow drying in the sun. In the case of straw, an agricultural combine discharges non-grain crop material from the rear of the combine defining the straw (such as wheat or oat straw) which is to be picked up by the baler. After the crop material has sufficiently dried, a baler which is typically towed by an agricultural vehicle will pick up the crop material and form it into bales. 
     A round baler may generally include a frame, supported by wheels, a pickup unit to engage and lift the crop material into the baler, a cutting unit, a main bale chamber for forming a bale, and a wrapping mechanism for wrapping or tying a material around the bale after it has been formed in the main bale chamber. As the baler is towed over a windrow, the pickup unit lifts the crop material into the baler. Then, the crop material may be cut into smaller pieces by the cutting unit. As the crop material enters the main bale chamber, multiple carrier elements, e.g. rollers, chains and slats, and/or belts, will begin to form a bale of hay within the chamber. These carrier elements are movable so that the chamber can initially contract and subsequently expand to maintain an appropriate amount of pressure on the periphery of the bale. After the bale is formed and wrapped by the wrapping mechanism, the bale is ejected out of the rear of the baler and onto the field. 
     Once the bale is formed, it needs to be transported from the field to a different location, such as a staging area, where the bale is stored. A bale retriever that includes a bale fork or similar pick up mechanism may be used to pick up multiple bales and move the bales to the staging area. Some bale retrievers are autonomous in that they automatically relocate the bales without direct operator control. However, such bale retrievers may not be capable of accurately identifying the locations of the bales in the field. 
     What is needed in the art is an autonomous bale retrieving system for efficiently locating and transporting bales. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Exemplary embodiments disclosed herein provide an autonomous bale retriever with a bale location sensor and a controller which is operably coupled to the bale location sensor. The controller is configured to receive bale drop location information and receive at least one bale feature signal from bale location sensor. The controller is also configured to identify an exact bale location of the bale based at least partially on the bale drop location information and the at least one bale feature signal from the at least one sensor, generate a steering control signal based at least partially on the exact bale location, and output the steering control signal to the steering assembly. 
     In one exemplary embodiment formed in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a bale retriever for retrieving bales. The bale retriever includes a chassis, a bale pick up carried by the chassis and configured to contact and pick up a bale, a steering assembly carried by the chassis and configured to steer the bale retriever, at least one sensor carried by the chassis and configured to sense at least one bale feature of the bale and provide at least one bale feature signal, and a controller operatively coupled to the steering assembly and the at least one sensor. The controller is configured to receive bale drop location information, receive the at least one bale feature signal from the at least one sensor, identify an exact bale location of the bale based at least partially on the bale drop location information and the at least one bale feature signal from the at least one sensor, generate a steering control signal based at least partially on the exact bale location, and output the steering control signal to the steering assembly. 
     In another exemplary embodiment formed in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a system for producing and retrieving bales. The system includes at least one baler which includes a frame, a crop collector connected to the frame and configured to collect crop material from a field, and a bale chamber connected to the frame and configured to bale crop material collected by the crop collector. The system also includes at least one bale retriever. The at least one bale retriever includes a chassis, a steering assembly carried by the chassis and configured to steer the at least one bale retriever, and a bale pick up carried by the chassis and configured to contact and pick up a bale. The system also includes at least one sensor carried by the chassis. The at least one sensor is configured to sense at least one bale feature of the bale and provide at least one bale feature signal. The system also includes a controller operatively coupled to the steering assembly and the at least one sensor. The controller is configured to receive bale drop location information, receive the at least one bale feature signal from the at least one sensor, identify an exact bale location of the bale based at least partially on the bale drop location information and the at least one bale feature signal from the at least one sensor, generate a steering control signal based at least partially on the exact bale location, and output the steering control signal to the steering assembly. 
     In another exemplary embodiment formed in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for retrieving bales. The method includes receiving, by a controller, bale drop location information and sensing, by at least one sensor, at least one bale feature of a bale. The at least one sensor is configured to provide at least one bale feature signal. The method also includes receiving, by the controller, the at least one bale feature signal from the at least one sensor, identifying, by the controller, an exact bale location of the bale based at least partially on the bale drop location information and the at least one bale feature signal from the at least one sensor, and generating, by the controller, a steering control signal based at least partially on the exact bale location. The method further includes outputting, by the controller, the steering control signal to the steering assembly. 
     One possible advantage that may be realized by exemplary embodiments disclosed herein is that the system may generate a bale location map and subsequently determine the exact location of the bales in order to facilitate the automatic retrieval of bales in a field. 
     Another possible advantage that may be realized by exemplary embodiments disclosed herein is that the controller of the bale retriever may generate 3D image data of the bale by sensing the amount of light emitted by the wrapping material and/or the crop material within the bale. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For the purpose of illustration, there are shown in the drawings certain embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements, dimensions, and instruments shown. Like numerals indicate like elements throughout the drawings. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic view of a bale forming and retrieval system, the system including an agricultural vehicle, a baler, and a bale retriever, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a bale in one orientation; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates another bale in another orientation; and 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method for retrieving a bale, provided in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The terms “forward”, “rearward”, “left” and “right”, when used in connection with the agricultural vehicle and/or baler are usually determined with reference to the direction of forward operative travel of the agricultural vehicle, but they should not be construed as limiting. The term bale drop location information may refer to any information concerning the ejection cycle of the baler, including a heading, travel speed, coordinates of the bale ejection location, etc. The bale drop location information may include sensed bale feature(s) from the baler at the drop location. The term bale feature may refer to any characteristic or parameter concerning the bale, including the shape, size, weight, winding or rolling geometry, or density of the bale, the wrapping material around the bale, and/or the crop material within the bale. 
     Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to  FIG. 1 , there is shown a bale forming and retrieval system  100  for forming and retrieving bales B in a field. The system  100  generally includes at least one agricultural work vehicle  110 , which tows a baler  120  in a forward direction of travel, and at least one bale retriever  140 . The system  100  may automatically produce, locate, and retrieve the bales B. It should be appreciated that the system  100  may generally be utilized with work vehicles, balers, and/or baler retrievers which any suitable configuration. Additionally, for purposes of providing an example of a bale production and collection operation, the system  100  will generally be described herein with reference to performance of the bale production and collection operation following the example baling operation described herein. However, it should be appreciated that the system  100  may generally be utilized to perform a bale collection and transportation operation following the performance of any suitable baling operation within any suitable field. 
     The work vehicle  110  may include front and rear wheels and/or tracks  112 ,  114 , a chassis  116 , a prime mover, and a steering assembly  118  carried by the chassis  116 . The work vehicle  110  may or may not include a cab for housing an operator. The steering assembly  115  may include variously configured valves and cylinders for steering the wheels and/or tracks  112 ,  114 . As shown, the work vehicle  110  is configured as an agricultural tractor, such as an autonomous, semi-autonomous, or operator-driven tractor. However, in some embodiments, the work vehicle  110  may correspond to any other suitable vehicle configured to tow a baler across a field or that is otherwise configured to facilitate the performance of a baling operation itself, including an autonomous baling vehicle. 
     The work vehicle  110  may also include a controller  160 , with a memory  162 , and one or more sensor(s)  164  for sensing various operating parameters of the work vehicle  110 . For example, the work vehicle  110  may include a positioning sensor or device  164 , such as a global positioning system (GPS) or the like, which tracks the position of the work vehicle  110 . The work vehicle  110  may also include a speed sensor, inclinometer, moisture content sensor, etc. 
     The baler  120  produces crop material bales and deposits the bales onto the field. As shown, the baler  120  is configured as a round baler configured to generate round bales. However, in some embodiments, the baler  120  may have any other suitable configuration, including being configured to generate square or rectangular bales. It should be further appreciated that the baler  120 , while shown as being towed by a work vehicle  110 , may also be a self-propelled baler that does not rely on a separate vehicle for propulsion and/or power to function. In such a configuration, the work vehicle  110  may not be included as part of the system  100 . 
     As is generally known, the baler  120  generally includes a frame  122 , a hitch or tongue  124  pivotally connected to the agricultural vehicle  110 , a baler PTO shaft, and wheels  126 . The baler  120  further includes a crop collector or pickup unit  128  connected to the frame  122 , a bale chamber  130  connected to the frame  122 , a wrapper  132 , and a tailgate  134  (as shown schematically in  FIG. 1 ). 
     In a bailing operation, crop material is lifted from windrows into the baler  120 . The crop material is moved rearwardly toward the bale chamber  130 , wherein the crop material is rolled into a bale of a predetermined size. The bale chamber  130  may be in the form of a continuously variable bale chamber  130 . Hence, the bale chamber  130  may include multiple rolls or rollers, one or more cylinders and/or pivot arms coupled to the movable rollers, at least one belt, and a bale density pressure mechanism. Together, the rollers and the belt(s) may create a round circulating chamber which expands in between an empty bale position and a full bale position for engaging and rolling the bale B. When the bale reaches a predetermined size, the bale is wrapped with a wrapping material M by the wrapping mechanism or wrapper  132 . The wrapping material M may be a mesh, twine, or stretchable net wrap. The wrapping material M may or may not be embedded with a reflective material. Once wrapped, the tailgate  134  opens to allow the bale B to roll out of the bale chamber  130  and onto a bale ejection mechanism, such as a kicker or a ramp. The ramp may move the bale rearwardly and deposit the bale onto the field or onto a bale holding device which is connected to the baler. 
     The baler  120  further includes a controller  170 , with a memory  172 , and one or more sensor(s)  174 ,  176  for sensing operational parameters of the baler  120  and/or features of the bale B. The baler controller  170  can be operably connected to the tractor controller  160  via an ISOBUS communication interface. 
     The baler  120  may include a positioning sensor or device  174 . Additionally, the baler  120  may or may not include one or more baler sensor(s)  176  for sensing at least one bale feature of the bale B at its drop location. Thereby, after bale ejection, the sensor  176  may determine where the bale stopped relative to the baler  120 . Each sensor  176  may be mounted to the baler  120 , for example on the tailgate  134 . Each sensor  176  may provide at least one bale feature signal to the baler controller  170  and/or vehicle controller  160 , which may then correct or otherwise update the estimated bale drop location information in order to provide the actual bale location after it has stopped rolling after being ejected from the baler  120 . Each sensor  176  may be in the form of any desired sensor, such as an optical sensor or a LIDAR sensor. It should be appreciated that the baler  120  may not include the bale detection sensor  176 ; and thereby, the baler  120  and/or the work vehicle  110  may only record the locations of the bale ejections. Additionally, each sensor  176 , or another sensor of the baler  120 , may also identify the rolling direction of a bale B during bale formation. 
     The bale retriever  140  may include front and rear wheels and/or tracks  142 ,  144 , a chassis  146 , a prime mover, a steering assembly  148  carried by the chassis  146 , and a bale pick up or carrier  150  which contacts and picks up the bale B. As shown, the bale retriever  140  is a separate vehicle, distinct from the work vehicle  110  or baler  120 , which may operate simultaneously within a field to produce and collect crop material bales. However, the bale retriever  140  may include any vehicle that can be used to collect bales standing within the field, including any suitable autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle. In some embodiments, the bale retriever  140  may be in the form of the work vehicle  110 , as discussed above, which has a bale pick up  150  attached thereto. For example, upon completion of the baling operation, the baler  120  may be unhitched from the work vehicle  110  and a suitable bale pick up  150  may be installed on the work vehicle  110  to allow for the collection of bales from the field. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the bale retriever  140  may be in the form of a self-propelled bale carrier. 
     The steering assembly  148  may be configured to be automatically and/or autonomously controlled to allow the bale retriever  140  to be directed along a predetermined path(s) across the field, either additionally or alternatively to manual control of the steering assembly  148 . For example, in some embodiments, the steering assembly  148  may include or form part of an auto-guidance system for automatically steering the bale retriever  140 . In such a configuration, the bale retriever  140  may correspond to a fully autonomous vehicle, a semi-autonomous vehicle, or an otherwise manually operated vehicle having one or more autonomous functions (e.g., automated steering or auto-guidance functions). 
     The bale pick up  150  can be removably connected to and carried by the chassis  146  of the bale retriever  140 . The pick up  150  can be in the form of any desired mechanism. For instance, the pick up  150  can be in the form of forks, a bale spear, arms which may be actuated by one more actuators, or the like. The bale retriever  140  may also include additional devices, such as a holding platform or trailer, which operates in tandem with the bale pick up  150 . For instance, the bale pick up  150  may lift the bales B from the field and, for example, place the bales B on a holding platform (which may include a conveyor). 
     Each bale retriever  140  further includes a controller  180 , with a memory  182 , and one or more retriever sensor(s)  184 ,  186  for sensing various operational parameters of the bale retriever  140  and/or features of the bale B. The bale retriever  140  may include a positioning sensor or device  184  which tracks the position of the bale retriever  140 . Additionally, each bale retriever  140  may also include one or more sensor(s)  186  for sensing at least one bale feature of the bale B. 
     The retriever controller  180  is operatively coupled to the steering assembly  148  and the sensors  184 ,  186 . The controller  180  is also operatively coupled to the steering assembly  148  and, in some embodiments, one or more other components of the bale retriever  140  (e.g., the engine and/or the transmission) for electronically controlling the operation of such component(s) (e.g. electronic control based on inputs received from the operator and/or automatic electronic control for executing one or more autonomous control functions). 
     The controller  180  may further be operatively coupled to one or more other work vehicle controller(s), vehicle controller(s)  160 , baler controller(s)  170 , and/or a data center  190  by way of a network  192  of the system  100 . The data center  190  may also be configured to receive, process, and record data concerning with the system  100 . The data center  190  may include at least one processor, such as an image processor, which conducts an algorithm, including a machine learning algorithm or other deep-learning artificial intelligence algorithm, to at least partially generate a bale location map  194  which indicates an exact and/or estimated location of the bales B on the field. It should be appreciated that the vehicle controller  160 , the baler controller  170 , the retriever controller  180 , and/or the data center  190  may solely or collectively generate the bale location map  194  and/or conduct imaging processing for processing the signals, e.g. image data, from the sensors  176 ,  186 . The bale location map  194  may be generated for the entire field or portions thereof such that the map may be created and updated in real-time as the baling operating is being carried out in the field. It should be appreciated that the network  192  may be any suitable network, including a wireless network having one or more processors or nodes. Additionally, the network  192  may broadly represent any combination of one or more data communication networks including local area networks, wide area networks, neural networks, etc., using a wired or wireless connection. 
     Each sensor  186  may be carried by the chassis  146  and connected to the front of the bale retriever  140 . It is possible for each sensor  186  to be mounted onto a portion of the bale pick up  150 . Each sensor  186  may provide at least one bale feature signal to the retriever controller  180 . Each sensor  186  may sense one or more areas on the bale B. For instance, each sensor  186  may sense a reflectance of the wrapping material M and a reflectance of crop material in the bale B, which may be less reflective than the wrapping material M. Additionally or alternatively, the reflectance of a first area and a second area, for example an area of the bale B which receives less visible light and/or nonvisible light, may be sensed. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the reflectance of a reflective material placed on one or more sides of a round bale or square bale may be sensed. Hence, each sensor  176  and/or sensor  186  may sense the reflection of visible light and/or nonvisible of one or more areas on the bale B. 
     Each sensor  186  may be in the form of an optical sensor, such as a camera or RGB sensor, or a wave-ranging sensor, such as a radar or LIDAR sensor. If the sensor  186  is configured as a LIDAR sensor, then the LIDAR sensor may create a 3D image of the bale B to determine the specific bale location and orientation relative to the bale retriever  140 . Therein, the sensor may use LIDAR technology to identify the flat surface versus the round surface of a round bale. Alternatively, the sensor  186  may be in the form of a camera which may generate image data to identify the location and/or orientation of the bale B. Each bale retriever  140  may include a single sensor  186 . It should be appreciated that the bale retriever  140  may include two or more sensors  186 , such as a LIDAR sensor and a camera. It should also be appreciated that each bale retriever  140  may not include the sensor(s)  186  for sensing bale feature(s). In such a configuration, the sensor  176  on the baler  120  may be the only sensor which senses the bale feature(s). 
     Each bale retriever  140  may also include one or more lighting device(s)  152  for emitting nonvisible light onto the bale B, as shown in phantom in  FIG. 1 . Each lighting device  152  may be carried by the chassis  146  and operably connected to the controller  180 . If the wrapping material M is embedded with a fluorescent material, the nonvisible light may interact with the wrapping material M of the bale B which may cause the wrapping material M to fluoresce. If the sensor  186  is in the form of a camera, the additional nonvisible light from the lighting device  152  will help the camera more easily identify the wrapping material M and accordingly the round side or the long side of a bale. Each lighting device may be in the form of a light emitting diode (LED) or similar light. It is noted that each bale retriever  140  may or may not include the lighting device  152 . Thus, the sensor  186  may sense visible light and/or nonvisible light which is reflected from the bale B. In another embodiment, one or more lighting device(s)  152  can be located on the baler  120 , in addition or alternatively to the lighting device(s)  152  on each bale retriever  140 . 
     In some embodiments, the controller  180  can receive the bale drop location information, the at least one bale feature signal from one or both of the sensors  176 ,  186 , and any other desired information from the data center  190 , the vehicle controller  160 , and/or the baler controller  170 . For instance, the controller  180  may also receive a time of day or estimated position of the sun, or other light source, in order to determine the orientation of the bale B. Thereafter, the controller  180  may identify an exact bale location and/or bale orientation of the bale B based at least partially on the bale drop location information and/or the at least one bale feature signal from one or both of the sensors  176 ,  186 . The controller  180  can also generate the bale location map  194  independent of or in conjunction with the data center  190 . 
     The controller  180  can identify the location and orientation of the bale so that the bale retriever  140  may engage the bale B on the desired side for proper transport. For a round bale, the controller  180  will identify and distinguish between the flat surface and the round surface. For a square bale, the controller  180  will identify and distinguish between a first, long side and a second, short side which has a smaller cross-sectional area than the long side. In the case of round bales, the controller  180  may identify the curved line corresponding to the outer perimeter of the bale B. The height H and the radius of curvature R of the vertical wall can be used to determine the orientation of the bale B. For instance, the radius of curvature R will be smaller if the round surface of the bale B is substantially facing the bale retriever  140  ( FIG. 2 ) and larger if the flat surface is substantially facing the bale retriever  140  ( FIG. 3 ). Hence, the controller  180  may correlate a given radius of curvature R to a corresponding bale orientation. 
     The controller  180  can also receive and/or identify the rolling direction of the bale B during bale formation. As can be appreciated, the wrap will have a tail hanging loose from the bale, and it may be advantageous to identify which direction the bale was rotated during formation to help retain the integrity of this tail during transport of the wrapped bale B. It should be appreciated that the rolling direction and/or tale orientation could be determined by the baler controller  170 , being documented the bale ejection point, and/or by the retriever controller  180 . For instance, the rolling direction of the bale B may be sensed by one or both sensors  176 ,  186  through identifying a color of the wrapping material M on a specific side of the bale B or by capturing image data and subsequently conducting image processing to identify the winding geometry on the flat surface of the bale B. 
     The controller  180  may also generate and output a steering control signal based at least partially on the exact bale location and/or the exact bale orientation to the steering assembly  148 . Therein, the controller  180  automatically controls the operation of the bale retriever  140  via control of the steering assembly  148  such that the bale retriever  140  is moved across the field without any operator input (e.g., for autonomous vehicle operation and/or when otherwise operating in an autonomous mode). Additionally or alternatively, the controller  180  may be connected to the control mechanism, e.g. one or more hydraulic cylinders, of the pick up  150  so that the controller  180  may reposition the pick up  150 , e.g. reorient an angle thereof relative to the bale retriever  140 , to contact and lift the bale B. 
     In some embodiments, various data pertaining to the system and/or the field may be stored in one or more data centers, such as the remote data center  190  and/or the memory  182  of the retriever controller  180 . Such data may, for instance, include any data collected during the performance of the prior baling operation, such as the position data associated with the location of the baling paths relative to the field, the heading data associated with the heading of the vehicle/baler along each baling path, and/or the position data associated with the specific location of each bale within the field. In addition, such data may include one or more operator inputs, one or more user-defined system preferences, and/or other system inputs relevant to one or more aspects of the present disclosure, such as data associated with the specific type of bales being collected (e.g., round bales vs. square/rectangular bales), data associated with the specific size of bales being collected (e.g., 4×5, 5×5, or 6×5), data associated with a desired or selected location for the staging area at which the bales will be aggregated, data associated with a desired spacing or arrangement of the collected bales within the staging area, and/or any other relevant data. Furthermore, such data can also include field data associated with the characteristics of the field, such as the topography of the field. 
     In some embodiments, the work vehicle controller  160  and/or the baler controller  170  may, for example, record the current GPS coordinates of the baler  120  each time the baler  120  ejects a bale B and output such GPS coordinates as the bale drop location information to the network  192 . While the bale B may roll slightly after being ejected by the baler  120 , the expected location of the bale B can be defined to be an area surrounding the GPS coordinates of the baler  120  at the bale drop location so the bale retriever  140  can head toward the expected location of the bale B and get relatively close to the bale B for retrieval. 
     In some embodiments, the controller  180  and/or data center  190  is configured to define the expected location of a bale B based at least partially on the baler travel path and one or more operating parameters of the work vehicle  110 , the baler  120 , and/or the field, such as a travel speed, a heading, a volume or weight of the bales B, an inclinometer reading of the work vehicle  110 , topography data of the field, etc. The controller  180  may generate an expected zone or perimeter around respective GPS coordinates to signify the expected area for location of the bale B. For instance, the controller  180  may generate a circular perimeter of 5 meters, or approximately 16 feet circumferentially surrounding the GPS coordinates. Additionally, the controller  180  may alter the perimeter if data indicates a hill or slope is present. For instance, the controller  180  may generate an ellipsoidal perimeter to accommodate the slope of the field and projected movement of the bale B due to the slope of the field. However, it should be appreciated that the controller  180  and/or data center  190  may not be required define the zones or expected locations of the bales B. For instance, the baler  120  may deposit the bales B on one of their flat ends so that the bales B are not likely to move after being deposited onto the field. 
     In some embodiments, the controller  180  can operate the bale retriever  140  in various operating modes. For instance, the controller  180  can operate the bale retriever  140  in an energy-saving mode wherein the sensor  186  is turned off until the bale retriever  140  nears the estimated bale location, for example the zone surrounding the GPS coordinates. Then, the controller  180  may operate the bale retriever  140  in an active bale-searching mode wherein the sensor  186  is turned on and the controller  180  processes the sensor signals to identify the location and orientation of the bale B. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4 , there is shown an exemplary embodiment of a method  400  for retrieving bales or otherwise operating the system  100 . The bale location map  194  may be generated (at block  402 ). For instance, the data center  190  may generate the bale location map  194  from the bale drop location information, including bale ejection coordinates. Alternatively, if the data center  190  does not generate the bale location map  194 , the controller  180  may generate the bale location map  194  from the bale drop location information. The controller  180  may receive any desired information from the vehicle controller  160 , the bale controller  170 , and/or the data center  194 , such as the bale drop location information and/or the bale location map  194  of the estimated locations of the bales B (at block  404 ). The controller  180  may then steer or otherwise direct the bale retriever  140  to the general or estimated location of the bale B (at block  406 ). Thereafter, the sensor(s)  186  of the bale retriever  140  may sense at least one bale feature of the bale B (at block  408 ). The controller  180  may then receive the at least one bale feature signal from the sensor(s)  186  (at block  410 ). Then, the controller  180  may identify the exact bale location and/or the exact bale orientation of the bale B based at least partially on the bale drop location information, the bale location map  194 , and/or the feature signal(s) from one or both of the sensors  176 ,  186  (at block  412 ). Thereafter, the controller  180  may generate a steering control signal based at least partially on the exact bale location (at block  414 ). Then, the controller  180  can output the steering control signal to the steering assembly  148  and accordingly steer the bale retriever  140  to the bale B ( 416 ). The controller  180  may also generate and output a bale pick up signal for adjusting a position of the pick up  150 . The bale retriever  140  may then retrieve the bale B. Therein, the bale retriever  140  may collect one or more bale(s) B and transport the bale(s) B to the desired location. 
     It is to be understood that one or more of the steps of the method  400  can be performed by the retriever controller  180 , the baler controller  170 , the vehicle  160 , and/or the data center  190  upon loading and executing software code or instructions which are tangibly stored on a tangible computer readable medium, such as on a magnetic medium, e.g., a computer hard drive, an optical medium, e.g., an optical disc, solid-state memory, e.g., flash memory, or other storage media known in the art. Thus, any of the functionality performed by the controller(s)  160 ,  180 ,  180  and/or data center  190  described herein, such as the method  400 , is implemented in software code or instructions which are tangibly stored on a tangible computer readable medium. The controller(s)  160 ,  180 ,  180  and/or data center  190  load(s) the software code or instructions via a direct interface with the computer readable medium or via a wired and/or wireless network. Upon loading and executing such software code or instructions, the controller(s)  160 ,  180 ,  180  and/or data center  190  may perform any of the functionality of the controller controller(s)  160 ,  180 ,  180  and/or data center  190  described herein, including any step(s) of the method  400  described herein. 
     The term “software code” or “code” used herein refers to any instructions or set of instructions that influence the operation of a computer or controller. They may exist in a computer-executable form, such as machine code, which is the set of instructions and data directly executed by a computer&#39;s central processing unit or by a controller, a human-understandable form, such as source code, which may be compiled in order to be executed by a computer&#39;s central processing unit or by a controller, or an intermediate form, such as object code, which is produced by a compiler. As used herein, the term “software code” or “code” also includes any human-understandable computer instructions or set of instructions, e.g., a script, that may be executed on the fly with the aid of an interpreter executed by a computer&#39;s central processing unit or by a controller. 
     These and other advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing specification. Accordingly, it is to be recognized by those skilled in the art that changes or modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the broad inventive concepts of the invention. It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is intended to include all changes and modifications that are within the scope and spirit of the invention.