Patent Publication Number: US-11396827-B2

Title: Control method for optimizing solar-to-power efficiency of solar-aided coal-fired power system under off-design working conditions

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
     Field of Invention 
     The present invention relates to a field of operational control of a multi-energy complementary power generation system, and more particularly to a control method for optimizing a solar-to-power efficiency of a solar-aided coal-fired power system under off-design working conditions. 
     Description of Related Arts 
     In recent years, in order to solve the environmental pollution problem caused by use of the fossil fuel, the renewable energy has developed rapidly. However, because the renewable energy such as solar energy is intermittent energy, its large-scale grid-connection will cause the severe fluctuations of the power grid, and therefore the thermal power unit is required for peak shaving. Thus, the multi-energy complementary power generation system becomes a vigorous development direction in China. Because the solar-aided coal-fired way is a typical way of multi-energy complementation, the solar-aided coal-fired power plant can reduce the influence of the external environment on the solar-aided coal-fired power system, so that the solar-aided coal-fired power system can stably convert solar energy into electricity, thereby achieving the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction. Meanwhile, the solar-aided coal-fired power plant can omit the devices such as the steam turbine in the traditional concentrated solar power plant, having the advantage of low investment. However, most of the conventional solar-aided coal-fired power systems are difficult to control. Most of the control methods only consider the operation under the design working conditions, without considering how to maintain the efficient utilization of solar energy under the solar irradiance fluctuations and the off-design working conditions of the solar-aided coal-fired power system. Thus, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the effect of solar energy in the solar-aided coal-fired power system, and it is also difficult to ensure the operation of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the off-design working conditions as well as the smooth consumption of the renewable energy. 
     SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
     In order to solve above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a control method for optimizing a solar-to-power efficiency of a solar-aided coal-fired power system under off-design working conditions. Through establishing a relationship between a solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio and the solar-to-power efficiency of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the off-design working conditions, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is regulated and a flow rate of water entering a solar collecting system to be heated is controlled, so that a control objective of optimizing the solar-to-power efficiency is realized, solar energy is fully utilized, and an energy utilization rate and economy of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the off-design working conditions are improved. 
     In order to accomplish the above objective, the present invention adopts technical solutions as follows. 
     A control method for optimizing a solar-to-power efficiency of a solar-aided coal-fired power system under off-design working conditions is provided, wherein: an operational control objective of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the off-design working conditions is to optimize the solar-to-power efficiency; the solar-to-power efficiency means a conversion ratio of solar radiation energy received by the solar-aided coal-fired power system into electricity, namely a ratio of additional power generation of the solar-aided coal-fired power system to the solar radiation energy received by the solar-aided coal-fired power system when the solar-aided coal-fired power system has the same boiler heat absorption as a conventional coal-fired power generation system uncoupled with solar energy; 
     the solar-to-power efficiency is calculated through steps of: firstly, through equation (1), calculating a specific enthalpy of mixing water heated by a solar collecting system and high-pressure heaters; then, combined with an off-design working condition calculation method of a thermodynamic system, through equation (2), calculating a generation power W SCPP  of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; next, assuming that the solar-aided coal-fired power system and the conventional coal-fired power generation system uncoupled with solar energy have the same boiler heat absorption, and calculating the solar-to-power efficiency η SE  according to equation (3) and equation (4);
 
 h   w(i−1),in =α TCS   ×h   s,out +(1−α TCS ) h   wi,out   (1)
 
     in the equation (1), h w(i−1),in  is the specific enthalpy of mixing water heated by the solar collecting system and the high-pressure heaters, i=1, 2, ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ , n, in unit of kJ/kg; n is a total number of regenerative heaters of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, wherein the regenerative heaters are numbered 1 to n consecutively from high pressure to low pressure; α TCS  is a solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio; h s,out  is a specific enthalpy of water heated by the solar collecting system, in unit of kJ/kg; and h wi,out  is a specific enthalpy of water heated by the high-pressure heaters, in unit of kJ/kg; 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     in the equation (2), W SCPP  is the generation power of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of MW; D 0  is a flow rate of main steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kg/s; h 0  is a specific enthalpy of main steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kJ/kg; D zr  is a flow rate of reheated steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kg/s; h zr  is a specific enthalpy of reheated steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kJ/kg; D i  is a flow rate of i th -stage extraction steam of a steam turbine for coal-fired power generation in the solar-aided coal-fired power system, i=1, 2, ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ , n, in unit of kg/s; h c  is a specific enthalpy of i th -stage extraction steam of the steam turbine for coal-fired power generation in the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kJ/kg; D c  is a flow rate of exhaust steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kg/s; h c  is a specific enthalpy of exhaust steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kJ/kg; D sg1  and D sg2  are flow rates of front shaft seal steam and back shaft seal steam of the steam turbine for coal-fired power generation in the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kg/s; h sg1  and h sg2  are specific enthalpies of front shaft seal steam and back shaft seal steam of the steam turbine for coal-fired power generation in the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kJ/kg;
 
 W   add   =W   SCPP   −W   eq   (3)
 
     in the equation (3), W add  is additional power of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the same boiler heat absorption, in unit of MW; W eq  is an equivalent generation power of the conventional coal-fired power generation system uncoupled with solar energy when having the same boiler heat absorption as the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the same power generation load requirement, in unit of MW; 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     in the equation (4), η SE  is the solar-to-power efficiency of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; DNI is a solar direct normal irradiance, in unit of W/m 2 ; A c  is a solar collecting area, in unit of m 2 ; 
     the control method for optimizing the solar-to-power efficiency of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the off-design working conditions comprises steps of: 
     (1) reading relevant information of the solar collecting system in parallel with the high-pressure heaters, a coal-fired power generation system and environmental conditions in the solar-aided coal-fired power system; 
     (2) reading working conditions of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; 
     (3) according to a working temperature range of heat transfer oil of a solar collecting unit and a safely working range of devices of the solar collecting unit, determining a water flow rate range able to be heated by the solar collecting unit; then, according to a ratio of the water flow rate range to a feedwater flow rate of the coal-fired power generation system, determining a solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio range of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; 
     (4) in the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio range calculated through the step (3), calculating a solar-to-power efficiency η SE  of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under current solar irradiance conditions and power load conditions, and establishing a relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; 
     (5) selecting an optimized solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio, specifically comprising steps of: in the relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio under required working conditions, which is established through the step (4), selecting a solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio corresponding to a maximum value of the solar-to-power efficiency as the optimized solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio; and 
     (6) according to the optimized solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio obtained through the step (5), regulating a flow rate of water entering the solar collecting system to be heated to an optimized flow rate D wTCS *, wherein D wTCS * is calculated through:
 
 D   wTCS *=α TCS   *·D   w ;
 
     in the above equation, D wTCS * is the optimized flow rate of water entering the solar collecting system to be heated, in unit of kg/s; α TCS * is the optimized solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio; and D w  is a feedwater flow rate under current working conditions, in unit of kg/s; 
     when the working conditions of the solar-aided coal-fired power system change or the solar irradiance changes, the steps (1)-(6) are repeated to achieve the control objective again. 
     Preferably, in the step (1), the read relevant information of the environmental conditions comprises a current solar irradiance and an environmental temperature; the read relevant information of the solar collecting system comprises relevant information of the solar collecting unit and relevant information of a heliostat field; the read relevant information of the coal-fired power generation system comprises main steam parameters, extraction steam parameters of the steam turbine for coal-fired power generation, and operation information of the high-pressure heaters and low-pressure heaters, which are required for calculation of the generation power. 
     Preferably, a design solar irradiance is an average solar direct normal irradiance of a typical meteorological year at an operation location of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; in the step (5), the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio corresponding to the maximum value of the solar-to-power efficiency is: under 80%-100% power load, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate at a lower limiting value; under 60%-80% power load, when the solar direct normal irradiance is not less than 85%-105% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate at the lower limiting value, while when the solar direct normal irradiance is less than 85%-105% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate between 0.2 and 0.3; under 40%-60% power load, when the solar direct normal irradiance is not less than 94%-110% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate between 0.4 and 0.45, while when the solar direct normal irradiance is less than 94%-110% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate between 0.25 and 0.3. 
     Preferably, the solar collecting system of the solar-aided coal-fired power system is connected in parallel with a second-stage high-pressure heater and a third-stage high-pressure heater. 
     Compared with the prior art, the present invention has advantages as follows. 
     (1) The present invention considers the operation of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the off-design working conditions. Through determining the relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, the flow rate of feedwater entering the solar collecting system to be heated is regulated, so that the objective of optimizing the solar-to-power efficiency is realized, and the energy utilization rate and economy of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the off-design working conditions are improved. 
     (2) The present invention is simple to operate and easily implemented, and has low investment and short recovery period. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a flow chart of a control method for optimizing a solar-to-power efficiency of a solar-aided coal-fired power system under off-design working conditions according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a connection sketch view of regenerative heaters of an implementation system for the control method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a sketch view of a correspondence relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and a solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio under a condition of 100% THA (Turbine Heat Acceptance) according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a sketch view of a correspondence relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio under a condition of 75% THA according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a sketch view of a correspondence relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio under a condition of 50% THA according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The present invention is further illustrated in detail with the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiment as follows. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a control method for optimizing a solar-to-power efficiency of a solar-aided coal-fired power system under off-design working conditions is provided, wherein: an operational control objective of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the off-design working conditions is to optimize the solar-to-power efficiency; the solar-to-power efficiency means a conversion ratio of solar radiation energy received by the solar-aided coal-fired power system into electricity, namely a ratio of additional power generation of the solar-aided coal-fired power system to the solar radiation energy received by the solar-aided coal-fired power system when the solar-aided coal-fired power system has the same boiler heat absorption as a conventional coal-fired power generation system uncoupled with solar energy; 
     the solar-to-power efficiency is calculated through steps of: firstly, through equation (1), calculating a specific enthalpy of mixing water heated by a solar collecting system and high-pressure heaters; then, combined with an off-design working condition calculation method of a thermodynamic system, through equation (2), calculating a generation power W SCPP  of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; next, assuming that the solar-aided coal-fired power system and the conventional coal-fired power generation system uncoupled with solar energy have the same boiler heat absorption, and calculating the solar-to-power efficiency η SE  according to equation (3) and equation (4);
 
 h   w(i−1),in =α TCS   ×h   s,out +(1−α TCS ) h   wi,out   (1)
 
     in the equation (1), h w(i−1),in  is the specific enthalpy of mixing water heated by the solar collecting system and the high-pressure heaters, i=1, 2, ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ , n, in unit of kJ/kg; n is a total number of regenerative heaters of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, wherein the regenerative heaters are numbered 1 to n consecutively from high pressure to low pressure; α TCS  is a solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio; h s,out  is a specific enthalpy of water heated by the solar collecting system, in unit of kJ/kg; and h wi,out  is a specific enthalpy of water heated by the high-pressure heaters, in unit of kJ/kg; 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     in the equation (2), W SCPP  is the generation power of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of MW; D 0  is a flow rate of main steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kg/s; h 0  is a specific enthalpy of main steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kJ/kg; D zr  is a flow rate of reheated steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kg/s; h zr  is a specific enthalpy of reheated steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kJ/kg; D i  is a flow rate of i th -stage extraction steam of a steam turbine for coal-fired power generation in the solar-aided coal-fired power system, i=1, 2, ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ , n, in unit of kg/s; h wi,in  is a specific enthalpy of i th -stage extraction steam of the steam turbine for coal-fired power generation in the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kJ/kg; D c  is a flow rate of exhaust steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kg/s; h c  is a specific enthalpy of exhaust steam of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kJ/kg; D sg1  and D sg2  are flow rates of front shaft seal steam and back shaft seal steam of the steam turbine for coal-fired power generation in the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kg/s; h sg1  and h sg2  are specific enthalpies of front shaft seal steam and back shaft seal steam of the steam turbine for coal-fired power generation in the solar-aided coal-fired power system, in unit of kJ/kg;
 
 W   add   =W   SCPP   −W   eq   (3)
 
     in the equation (3), W add  is additional power of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the same boiler heat absorption, in unit of MW; W eq  is an equivalent generation power of the conventional coal-fired power generation system uncoupled with solar energy when having the same boiler heat absorption as the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the same power generation load requirement, in unit of MW; 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     in the equation (4), η SE  is the solar-to-power efficiency of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; DNI is a solar direct normal irradiance, in unit of W/m 2 ; A c  is a solar collecting area, in unit of m 2 ; 
     the control method for optimizing the solar-to-power efficiency of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under the off-design working conditions comprises steps of: 
     (1) reading relevant information of the solar collecting system in parallel with the high-pressure heaters, a coal-fired power generation system and environmental conditions in the solar-aided coal-fired power system; 
     (2) reading working conditions of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; 
     (3) according to a working temperature range of heat transfer oil of a solar collecting unit and a safely working range of devices of the solar collecting unit, determining a water flow rate range able to be heated by the solar collecting unit; then, according to a ratio of the water flow rate range to a feedwater flow rate of the coal-fired power generation system, determining a solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio range of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; 
     (4) in the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio range calculated through the step (3), calculating a solar-to-power efficiency η SE  of the solar-aided coal-fired power system under current solar irradiance conditions and power load conditions, and establishing a relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; 
     (5) selecting an optimized solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio, specifically comprising steps of: in the relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio under required working conditions, which is established through the step (4), selecting a solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio corresponding to a maximum value of the solar-to-power efficiency as the optimized solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio; and 
     (6) according to the optimized solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio obtained through the step (5), regulating a flow rate of water entering the solar collecting system to be heated to an optimized flow rate D wTCS *, wherein D wTCS * is calculated through:
 
 D   wTCS *=α TCS   *·D   w ;
 
     in the above equation, D wTCS * is the optimized flow rate of water entering the solar collecting system to be heated, in unit of kg/s; α TCS * is the optimized solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio; and D w  is a feedwater flow rate under current working conditions, in unit of kg/s; 
     when the working conditions of the solar-aided coal-fired power system change or the solar irradiance changes, the steps (1)-(6) are repeated to achieve the control objective again. 
     In the preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the read relevant information of the environmental conditions comprises a current solar irradiance and an environmental temperature; the read relevant information of the solar collecting system comprises relevant information of the solar collecting unit and relevant information of a heliostat field; the read relevant information of the coal-fired power generation system comprises main steam parameters, extraction steam parameters of the steam turbine for coal-fired power generation, and operation information of the high-pressure heaters and low-pressure heaters, which are required for calculation of the generation power. 
     In the preferred embodiment, a design solar irradiance is an average solar direct normal irradiance of a typical meteorological year at an operation location of the solar-aided coal-fired power system; in the step (5), the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio corresponding to the maximum value of the solar-to-power efficiency is: under 80%-100% power load, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate at a lower limiting value; under 60%-80% power load, when the solar direct normal irradiance is not less than 85%-105% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate at the lower limiting value, while when the solar direct normal irradiance is less than 85%-105% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate between 0.2 and 0.3; under 40%-60% power load, when the solar direct normal irradiance is not less than 94%-110% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate between 0.4 and 0.45, while when the solar direct normal irradiance is less than 94%-110% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate between 0.25 and 0.3. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , in the preferred embodiment, the solar collecting system of the solar-aided coal-fired power system is connected in parallel with a second-stage high-pressure heater and a third-stage high-pressure heater. 
     In the preferred embodiment, Table 1 lists major parameters and major environmental information of the solar-aided coal-fired power system. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Major parameters and major environmental information  
               
               
                 of solar-aided coal-fired power system 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Parameter 
                 Value 
                 Unit 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Rated power of coal-fired power 
                 600 
                 MW 
               
               
                   
                 generation system 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Main steam flow rate 
                 469.81 
                 kg/s 
               
               
                   
                 Main steam temperature 
                 566.0 
                 ° C. 
               
               
                   
                 Main steam pressure 
                 24.2000 
                 MPa 
               
               
                   
                 Reheated steam flow rate 
                 387.52 
                 kg/s 
               
               
                   
                 Reheated steam temperature 
                 566.0 
                 ° C. 
               
               
                   
                 Reheated steam pressure 
                 3.6110 
                 MPa 
               
               
                   
                 Outlet temperature after heating  
                 350.0 
                 ° C. 
               
               
                   
                 heat transfer oil 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Solar collecting area 
                 134138 
                 m 2   
               
               
                   
                 Design solar irradiance 
                 638 
                 W/m 2   
               
               
                   
                 Environmental temperature 
                 20 
                 ° C. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The research shows that: the correspondence relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio under different working conditions is different and related to the solar irradiance. When the solar-aided coal-fired power system operates under the 80%-100% power load, with an example of 100% power load shown in  FIG. 3 , the correspondence relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is monotonically decreasing. Thus, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate at the lower limiting value. When the solar-aided coal-fired power system operates under the 60%-80% power load, with an example of 75% power load shown in  FIG. 4 , the correspondence relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is decreasing when the solar direct normal irradiance is not less than 85%-105% design solar irradiance; the correspondence relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is firstly increasing and then decreasing when the solar direct normal irradiance is less than 85%-105% design solar irradiance; and the maximum value occurs in a range of 0.2 to 0.3. Thus, when the solar direct normal irradiance is not less than 85%-105% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate at the lower limiting value; when the solar direct normal irradiance is less than 85%-105% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate between 0.2 and 0.3. When the solar-aided coal-fired power system operates under the 40%-60% power load, with an example of 50% power load shown in  FIG. 5 , the correspondence relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is decreasing when the solar direct normal irradiance is not less than 94%-110% design solar irradiance; the correspondence relationship between the solar-to-power efficiency and the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is firstly increasing and then decreasing when the solar direct normal irradiance is less than 94%-110% design solar irradiance. Thus, when the solar direct normal irradiance is not less than 94%-110% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate between 0.4 and 0.45; when the solar direct normal irradiance is less than 94%-110% design solar irradiance, the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio is controlled to operate between 0.25 and 0.3. 
     Through regulating the solar-coal feedwater flow distribution ratio and controlling the flow rate of feedwater entering the solar collecting system to be heated, the present invention ensures the solar-to-power efficiency to reach a maximum value, which provides clear guidance for optimization of the utilization rate of solar energy under the off-design working conditions, improves the energy utilization rate of the solar-aided coal-fired power system, and is simple to operate and easily implemented.