Patent Publication Number: US-11388939-B2

Title: Earless filter mask

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/271,688, filed on Sep. 21, 2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Air pollution occurs when undesirable gases or particles are introduced into the air that humans breathe. Common pollutants include, for example, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ground-level ozone, lead, sand, dust particles, and other particulate matter. In large cities around the world, man-made air pollution and pollution related ailments tend to increase with population density. Common pollution related ailments include respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and even death. Conventional pollution masks seek to protect the wearer from inhaling certain gases or particles in polluted areas. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to one aspect of one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask includes an inner fabric layer, a first filter layer, a second filter layer, an outer fabric layer, an elastic material, and an exhalation valve. The inner fabric layer, the first filter layer, the second filter layer, and the outer fabric layer are stacked together and aligned, the elastic material is folded over an edge of the layers, and sewn together along the edge. The elastic material conforms the mask to a shape of a wearer&#39;s face and a first tapered end of the mask is removably connected to a second tapered end of the mask by a closure device that sits at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck. 
     Other aspects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a perspective view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  shows an exploded perspective view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  shows a front elevation view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  shows a rear elevation view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  shows a left side elevation view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  shows a right side elevation view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  shows a top plan view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  shows a bottom plan view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  shows a front elevation environmental view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  shows a rear perspective environmental view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  shows a front perspective environmental view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 12A and 12B  show a perspective view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 13A and 13B  show an exploded perspective view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 14A and 14B  show a front elevation view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 15A and 15B  show a rear elevation view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 16A and 16B  show a left side elevation view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 17A and 17B  show a right side elevation view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 18A and 18B  show a top plan view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 19A and 19B  show a bottom plan view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 20  shows a front elevation environmental view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 21A and 21B  show a rear perspective environmental view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 22A and 22B  show a front perspective environmental view of an earless filter mask in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     One or more embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures. For consistency, like elements in the various figures are denoted by like reference numerals. In the following detailed description of the present invention, specific details are set forth in order to provide a detailed understanding of the present invention. In other instances, well-known features to one of ordinary skill in the art are not described to avoid obscuring the description of the present invention. 
     Conventional pollution masks suffer from a number of functional, ergonomic, and aesthetic issues that prevent their widespread adoption and use. These pollution masks are typically made of a bulky and non-breathable material that is poorly fitted to a wearer&#39;s face by pulling elastic loops around the wearer&#39;s ears. In addition to being uncomfortable to wear, these pollution masks fail to conform completely to the contours of the wearer&#39;s face, thereby allowing for the unintended inhalation of polluted air. Some commercially available masks include a metal bracket that the wearer may pinch over the bridge of the nose to help hold the mask in place. However, even with these brackets, these masks do not conform completely and pollution may still enter the interior breathing area of the mask. 
     Conventional pollution masks are typically made of a non-breathable material that poses a number of issues including the build-up of moisture on the interior facing portion of the mask and a warm sensation for the wearer that makes long term wear unpleasant. While non-breathable, fine particulate matter may still traverse the barrier of the non-breathable material and enter the interior breathing area of the mask. For these and other reasons, tolerance of conventional pollution masks is very low and most wearers prefer not to wear them for extended periods of time. Moreover, conventional pollution masks lack aesthetic appeal and are not appealing to women. For example conventional pollution masks typically have a masculine appearance, interfere with the wearing of earrings, and do not match well with a female ensemble. 
     Accordingly, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask provides a small profile mask made of a soft breathable material that conforms to the shape of a wearer&#39;s face, is comfortable to wear for extended periods of time, prevents the unintentional inhalation of polluted air, and is aesthetically pleasing. In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask may include a multi-layer construction that, at least partially, wraps around and conforms to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face and tapers down in size to fasten at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck below the ears, without loops that are secured to the ears. One or more filter layers may prevent the inhalation of polluted air through the fabric layers of the mask, while remaining constructed of breathable material, and a single exhalation valve may allow a wearer to breathe out while wearing the mask without the buildup of gases within the interior breathing area of the mask or a warm sensation for the wearer. 
       FIG. 1  shows a perspective view of an earless filter mask  100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  100  may include an inner fabric layer  110 , one or more filter layers (not shown), an outer fabric layer  120 , a plurality of buttons  130   a  and  130   b,  and an exhalation valve  140  (outer portion  142  shown). A conforming band (not independently illustrated) may be sewn into an upper and a lower edge of mask  100  through in-seam sleeves  160   a  and  160   b  with a first exposed portion  152   a  extending beyond a first tapered end of mask  100  and a second exposed portion  152   b  extending beyond a second tapered end of mask  100 . The conforming band (not independently illustrated) may conform mask  100  to a shape of the wearer&#39;s face (not shown) and a first tapered end of mask  100  may be removably connected to a second tapered end of mask  100  at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck (not shown) below the wearer&#39;s ears (not shown). For example, first exposed portion  152   a  of the conforming band that extends beyond the first tapered end of mask  100  may be pulled around button  130   b  disposed on the opposing tapered end of mask  100 . Similarly, second exposed portion  152   b  of the conforming band that extends beyond the second tapered end of mask  100  may be pulled around button  130   a  disposed on the opposing tapered end of mask  100 , thereby securing mask  100  around the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck (not shown). 
     In certain embodiments, mask  100  may include a decorative layer (not shown), such as, for example, lace accoutrements, disposed on the outer facing surface of outer fabric layer  120 , that may be aesthetically pleasing and coordinated with the wearer&#39;s ensemble. In certain embodiments, secondary pieces of fabric such as, for example, a coordinating scarf (not shown) with buttonholes may be attached to mask  100  by buttoning over buttons  130   a  and  130   b.  For example, a secondary piece of fabric (not shown) may be attached to buttons  130   a  and  130   b  at the tapered ends of mask  100 , and then crossed at the back to then wrap from the back of neck to the front of the neck to tie at the front of the neck, thereby covering the neck. Alternatively, a secondary piece of fabric (not shown) may be crossed at the back of the neck and brought up the sides of the face, over or behind the ears, to tie on the top of the head or on one side of the head as a decorative feature. Larger pieces of secondary fabric may also be attached to mask  100 , crossed and wrapped to cover the hair and chest area entirely, providing a modesty cover for religious or other purposes. 
       FIG. 2  shows an exploded perspective view of an earless filter mask  100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  100  may include an inner fabric layer  110  having a first tapered end (left side), a protruding portion (center), and a second tapered end (right side). An interior facing portion (not shown) of inner fabric layer  110  may be in contact with a wearer&#39;s face (not shown) when mask  100  is worn. In certain embodiments, inner fabric layer  110  may be composed of soft and breathable cotton or cotton blended fabric material. In other embodiments, inner fabric layer  110  may be composed of non-woven fabric material. In still other embodiments, inner fabric layer  110  may be composed of synthetic or synthetic blended fabric material. In still other embodiments, inner fabric layer  110  may be composed of cotton and synthetic blended fabric material. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other soft and breathable materials may be used in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
     Earless filter mask  100  may also include an outer fabric layer  120 . Outer fabric layer  120  may be the exterior facing portion of mask  100  having a first tapered end (left side), a protruding portion (center), and a second tapered end (right side) substantially similar in size and shape to inner fabric layer  110 . In certain embodiments, outer fabric layer  120  may be composed of soft and breathable cotton or cotton blended fabric material. In other embodiments, outer fabric layer  120  may be composed of non-woven fabric material. In still other embodiments, outer fabric layer  120  may be composed of synthetic or synthetic blended fabric material. In still other embodiments, outer fabric layer  120  may be composed of cotton and synthetic blended fabric material. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other soft and breathable materials may be used in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. A plurality of buttons  130   a,    130   b  may be disposed on an outer facing surface of outer fabric layer  120 . In certain embodiments, a first button  130   a  may be disposed on an outer facing portion of a first tapered end of outer fabric layer  120  and a second button  130   b  may be disposed on an outer facing surface of a second tapered end of outer fabric layer  120 . The plurality of buttons may be used to secure first  152   a  and second exposed  152   b  portions of a conforming band  150  when mask  100  is worn. 
     Earless filter mask  100  may also include one or more filter layers  115 . Filter layer  115  may be an interior layer disposed between inner fabric layer  110  and outer fabric layer  120 . Filter layer  115  may have a first tapered end (left side), a protruding portion (center), and a second tapered end (right side) that is substantially similar in size and shape to inner fabric layer  110  and outer fabric layer  120 . Filter layer  115  may be composed of a material configured to substantially filter out one or more pollutants, while allowing inner fabric layer  110  and outer fabric layer  120  to remain breathable. In certain embodiments, filter layer  115  may be composed of a carbon filter material. In other embodiments, filter layer  115  may be composed of a micro-particle filter material. In still other embodiments, filter layer  115  may be composed of non-woven fabric. In still other embodiments, filter layer  115  may be composed of synthetic fabric material. In still other embodiments, filter layer  115  may be composed of blended fabric material. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the type or kind of filter layer may vary based on an application or design in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
     Inner fabric layer  110 , filter layer  115 , and outer fabric layer  120  may be stacked together and aligned and sewn together along an upper and a lower edge (not independently illustrated) of mask  100 . An upper in-seam sleeve  160   a  may be formed along the upper edge of mask  100  and a lower in-seam sleeve  160   b  may be formed along the lower edge of mask  100 , where sleeves  160   a  and  160   b  are configured to receive a conforming band  150 . In  FIG. 2 , conforming band  150  is shown as it may appear once installed in mask  100 . In practice, a first end (not independently illustrated) of conforming band  150  may be threaded through one or more of upper and lower in-seam sleeves  160   a  and  160   b  and then connected to a second end (not independently illustrated) such that a first exposed portion  152   a  may be exposed beyond a first tapered end of mask  100  and a second exposed portion  152   b  may be exposed beyond a second tapered end of mask  100 . First exposed portion  152   a  may include one or more loops, formed by twisting band  150 , that may be used to connect to button  130   b  and second exposed portion  152   b  may include one or more loops, formed by twisting band  150 , that may be used to connect to button  130   a.  One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the number of loops may vary to accommodate fit and size in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Conforming band  150  may be composed of a flexible, semi-rigid, and bendable material that provides a limited amount of stretching ability. In certain embodiments, conforming band  150  may be composed of an elastic material. In other embodiments, conforming band  150  may be composed of a non-woven fabric material. In still other embodiments, conforming band  150  may be composed of synthetic fabric material. In still other embodiments, conforming band  150  may be composed of blended fabric material. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other flexible, semi-rigid, and bendable materials may be used in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
     Inner fabric layer  110 , filter layer  115 , and outer fabric layer  120  may include cutouts  112 ,  117 , and  122  at a location corresponding to the approximate location of the nose and mouth of the wearer (not shown) that are configured to receive an exhalation valve  140  ( 142 ,  144 , and  146  collectively referred to as  140 ). Exhalation valve  140  may allow the wearer (not shown) to breathe out while wearing mask  100  without the buildup of gases within the interior breathing area of mask  100 . In addition, exhalation valve  140  may minimize moisture buildup inside mask  100  and the associated fogging of eyewear (not shown) while wearing mask  100 . Exhalation valve  140  may include an outer facing portion  142  disposed on, or otherwise secured to, an outer facing portion of outer fabric layer  120 , around cutout  122  of outer fabric layer  120 . Exhalation valve  140  may also include an inner facing portion  144  having a first distal end  144   a  exposed on an interior facing portion of inner fabric layer  110  and a second distal end  144   b  that extends through cutouts  112 ,  117 , and  122  in inner fabric layer  110 , filter layer  115 , and outer fabric layer  120 . Inner facing portion  144  may be removably attached to outer facing portion  142  of exhalation valve  140  with a removable valve flap  146  disposed between inner facing portion  144  and outer facing portion  142 . In certain embodiments, valve flap  146  may be composed of a rubber material. In other embodiments, valve flap  146  may be composed of non-woven or other fabric material. In still other embodiments, valve flap  146  may be composed of synthetic fabric or blended fabric material. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other filter materials may be used in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
       FIG. 3  shows a front elevation view of an earless filter mask  100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the front elevation view, the protruding portion (center) of mask  100  that covers the wearer&#39;s nose and mouth (not shown) is shown. A conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) may be disposed within the upper  160   a  and lower  160   b  in-seam sleeves. The conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) allows mask  100  to conform to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face (not shown). The portion of the conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) disposed within upper in-seam sleeve  160   a  allows mask  100  to conform, for example, to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face from the bridge of the nose to the cheeks (not shown) and the portion of the conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) disposed within lower in-seam sleeve  160   b  allows mask  100  to conform, for example, to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face from the jaw to where the neck meets the jaw (not shown). 
       FIG. 4  shows a rear elevation view of an earless filter mask  100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the rear elevation view, an interior breathing area of mask  100  is shown. An inner facing portion  144  of exhalation valve  140  and a portion of valve flap  146  are shown. A first tapered end (right tapered side in view) of mask  100  may be connected to a second tapered end (left tapered side in view) of mask  100 . For example, a first exposed portion  152   a  of the conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) that extends beyond the first tapered end of mask  100  from in-seam sleeves  160   a  and  160   b  may be secured around button  130   b  disposed on the opposing tapered end of mask  100 . Similarly, a second exposed portion  152   b  of the conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) that extends beyond the second tapered end of mask  100  from in-seam sleeves  160   a  and  160   b  may be secured around button  130   a  disposed on the opposing tapered end of mask  100 . As discussed above, the conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) allows mask  100  to conform to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face (not shown) including around the jaw and neck to the point where the first and second tapered ends of mask  100  are secured to one another at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck (not shown). 
       FIG. 5  shows a left side elevation view of an earless filter mask  100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the left side elevation view, protruding portion  510  of mask  100  that may be configured to cover the wearer&#39;s nose and mouth (not shown) and first tapered end  520  of mask  100  are shown. The tapering down from protruding portion  510  to first tapered end  520  allows first tapered end  520  to be secured to the second tapered end (not shown) at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck (not shown) below the wearer&#39;s ears (not shown) while still providing full coverage of the wearer&#39;s nose and mouth (not shown). The conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) disposed in upper in-seam sleeve  160   a  and lower in-seam sleeve  160   b  allows mask  100  to conform to the wearer&#39;s face (not shown). 
       FIG. 6  shows a right side elevation view of an earless filter mask  100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the right side elevation view, protruding portion  510  of mask  100  and second tapered end  610  of mask  100  are shown. The tapering down from protruding portion  510  to second tapered end  610  allows the first tapered end ( 520  of  FIG. 5 ) to be secured to second tapered end  610  at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck (not shown) below the wearer&#39;s ears (not shown) while still providing full coverage of the wearer&#39;s nose and mouth (not shown). The conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) disposed in upper in-seam sleeve  160   a  and lower in-seam sleeve  160   b  allows mask  100  to conform to the wearer&#39;s face (not shown). 
       FIG. 7  shows a top plan view of an earless filter mask  100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the top plan view, first tapered end  520  is shown secured to second tapered end  610  as if a wearer (not shown) is wearing mask  100 . 
       FIG. 8  shows a bottom plan view of an earless filter mask  100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the bottom plan view, first tapered end  520  is shown secured to second tapered end  610  as if a wearer (not shown) is wearing mask  100 . 
       FIG. 9  shows a front elevation environmental view of an earless filter mask  100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. A method of filtering air with mask  100  may include placing earless filter mask  100  over a wearer&#39;s  910  nose and mouth (not independently illustrated). The method may also include conforming earless filter mask  100  to a shape of the wearer&#39;s  910  face. The wearer  910  may run a finger (not shown) along the conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) disposed in upper in-seam sleeve  160   a  and lower in-seam sleeve  160   b  of mask  100  to conform mask  100  to the shape of the wearer&#39;s  910  face. Because the conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) is disposed along the upper and the lower edges of mask  100 , mask  100  forms a tight seal with the wearer&#39;s  910  face including the area from the bridge of the nose to the cheeks and the area along the bottom jawline of the wearer  910 . As such, air may enter the mask through the outer fabric layer ( 120  of  FIG. 2 ), is then filtered by the filter layer ( 115  of  FIG. 2 ), and then traverses the inner fabric layer ( 110  of  FIG. 2 ) such that the wearer may breathe the filtered air disposed within the interior breathing area of mask  100 . 
     Continuing,  FIG. 10  shows a rear perspective environmental view of an earless filter mask  100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. The method may also include connecting a first tapered end  520  of mask  100  to a second tapered end  610  of mask  100  at the nape  1020  below the wearer&#39;s  1010  ears  1030 . For example, wearer  1010  may pull a first loop (not independently illustrated) of first exposed portion  152   a  of the conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) that extends beyond the first tapered end  520  of mask  100  around button  130   b  disposed on the opposing tapered end  610  of mask  100 . Similarly, wearer  1010  may pull a second loop (not independently illustrated) of second exposed portion  152   b  of the conforming band ( 150  of  FIG. 2 ) that extends beyond the second tapered end  610  of mask  100  around button  130   a  disposed on the opposing tapered end  520  of mask  100 , thereby securing mask  100  around the nape  1020  of the wearer&#39;s  1010  neck. First exposed portion  152   a  may include one or more loops, formed by twisting band  150 , that may be used to connect to button  130   b  and second exposed portion  152   b  may include one or more loops, formed by twisting band  150 , that may be used to connect to button  130   a.  One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the number of loops may vary to accommodate fit and size in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
       FIG. 11  shows a front perspective environmental view of an earless filter mask  100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the front perspective environmental view, wearer  1110  is shown wearing mask  100 . Mask  100  in situ provides a small profile and is made of a soft breathable material that conforms to the shape of the wearer&#39;s  1110  face. Mask  100  may be comfortable to wear for extended periods of time, prevents the unintentional inhalation of polluted air, and is aesthetically pleasing. The filter layer ( 115  of  FIG. 2 ) may prevent the inhalation of polluted air through the fabric layers of the mask, while remaining constructed of breathable material, and a single exhalation valve (portion  142  shown) may allow a wearer to breathe out while wearing the mask without the buildup of gases within the interior breathing area of the mask  100  or a warm sensation for the wearer  1110 . 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an improved earless filter mask  200  provides improved fit, comfort, and filtering performance. In contrast to earless filter mask  100 , earless filter mask  200  uses an elastic material (e.g.,  1210 ) rather than a conforming band (e.g.,  160 ) that improves fit and comfort. In addition, the tapered ends of earless filter mask  200  do not extend to the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck. Instead, the first tapered end of mask  200  may be connected to the second tapered end by a closure device (e.g.,  1230 ,  1240 ) that sits at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck and improves fit and comfort. In addition, earless filter mask  200  may include a plurality of filter layers, in any desired arrangement, that improves the filtering performance. For example, in certain embodiments, a stack of a micro-particle filtering layer and a carbon filtering layer may provide improved filtering performance from micro particulate matter, viruses, bacteria, fumes, pollen, odors, and particles. In other embodiments, a redundant stack of either micro-particle filtering layers or carbon filtering layers may be used. 
       FIG. 12A  shows a perspective view of an earless filter mask  200   a  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   a  may include an inner fabric layer  110 , a first filter layer (not shown), a second filter layer (not shown), an outer fabric layer  120 , an elastic material  1210 , and an exhalation valve  140  (outer portion  142  shown). A closure device  1230  may be used to secure a first tapered end of mask  200   a  to a second tapered end of mask  200   a.  In the certain embodiments, closure device  1230  may be an elastic shoelace, or spiral, material. A first distal end of closure device  1230  may be pulled through a first connection eyelet  1220   a  and a second distal end of closure device  1230  may be pulled through a second connection eyelet  1220   b.  The fit of earless filter mask  200   a  may be tightened or loosened by adjusting an amount of closure device  1230  that is pulled through one or more of the connection eyelets  1220   a,    1220   b.  The inner fabric layer  110 , the first filter layer (not shown), the second filter layer (not shown), and the outer fabric layer  120  may be stacked together and aligned for sewing or attachment. The elastic material  1210  may be folded over an edge of the layers and sewn or otherwise attached together along the edge. The elastic material  1210  may conform mask  200   a  to a shape of the wearer&#39;s face (not shown) and a first tapered end of mask  200   a  may be removably connected to a second tapered end of mask  200   a  by closure device  1230  that sits at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck (not shown) below the wearer&#39;s ears (not shown). In contrast to earless filter mask  100 , the first and second tapered ends of earless filter mask  200   a  do not meet at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck (not shown), but instead sit along the jaw or bottom portion of the wearer&#39;s face (not shown) and closure device  1230  sits at the nape of the neck below the ears. Advantageously, this may improve fit and comfort. In certain embodiments, mask  200   a  may include a decorative layer (not shown), such as, for example, lace accoutrements, disposed on the outer facing surface of outer fabric layer  120 , that may be aesthetically pleasing and coordinated with the wearer&#39;s ensemble. In certain embodiments, a secondary piece of fabric (not shown) may be crossed at the back of the neck and brought up the sides of the face, over or behind the ears, to tie on the top of the head or on one side of the head as a decorative feature. Larger pieces of secondary fabric may also be attached to mask  200   a,  crossed and wrapped to cover the hair and chest area entirely, providing a modesty cover for religious or other purposes. 
     Continuing,  FIG. 12B  shows a perspective view of an earless filter mask  200   b  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   b  may be earless filter mask  200   a  with an alternative closure device  1240 . In certain embodiments, closure device  1240  may be a cord  1243  and cord lock  1241 . A first distal end of the cord  1243  of closure device  1240  may be pulled through connection eyelet  1220   a  and knotted to stay in place. A second distal end of the cord  1243  of closure device  1240  may be pulled through connection eyelet  1220   b  and knotted to stay in place. The fit of earless filter mask  200   a  may be tightened or loosened by adjusting the amount of cord  1243  pulled through cord lock  1241 . 
       FIG. 13A  shows an exploded perspective view of an earless filter mask  200   a  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   a  may include an inner fabric layer  110  having a first tapered end (left side), a protruding portion (center), and a second tapered end (right side). Each tapered end may include a connection eyelet  1220   a,    1220   b.  An interior facing portion (not shown) of inner fabric layer  110  may be somewhat in contact with a wearer&#39;s face (not shown) when mask  200   a  is worn. In certain embodiments, inner fabric layer  110  may be composed of soft and breathable cotton or cotton blended fabric material. In other embodiments, inner fabric layer  110  may be composed of non-woven fabric material. In still other embodiments, inner fabric layer  110  may be composed of synthetic or synthetic blended fabric material. In still other embodiments, inner fabric layer  110  may be composed of cotton and synthetic blended fabric material. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other soft and breathable materials may be used in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
     Earless filter mask  200   a  may also include a first filter layer  1310 . First filter layer  1310  may be an interior layer disposed between inner fabric layer  110  and second filter layer  115 . First filter layer  1310  may have a first tapered end (left side), a protruding portion (center), and a second tapered end (right side) that is substantially similar in size and shape to inner fabric layer  110 , second filter layer  115 , and outer fabric layer  120 . First filter layer  1310  may be composed of a material configured to substantially filter out one or more pollutants, while allowing inner fabric layer  110  and outer fabric layer  120  to remain breathable. In certain embodiments, first filter layer  1310  may be composed of a carbon filter material. For example, certain activated carbon filter materials may be used that protect against viruses, bacteria, and filters fumes, pollen, odors, and small particles. In other embodiments, first filter layer  1310  may be composed of a micro-particle filter material. In still other embodiments, first filter layer  1310  may be composed of non-woven fabric. In still other embodiments, first filter layer  1310  may be composed of synthetic fabric. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the type or kind of filter layer may vary based on an application or design in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
     Earless filter mask  200   a  may also include a second filter layer  115 . Second filter layer  115  may be an interior layer disposed between first filter layer  1310  and outer fabric layer  120 . Second filter layer  115  may have a first tapered end (left side), a protruding portion (center), and a second tapered end (right side) that is substantially similar in size and shape to inner fabric layer  110  and outer fabric layer  120 . Second filter layer  115  may be composed of a material configured to substantially filter out one or more pollutants, while allowing inner fabric layer  110  and outer fabric layer  120  to remain breathable. In certain embodiments, second filter layer  115  may be composed of a micro-particle filter material. For example, certain micro-particle filter materials may be used that filter fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less, commonly referred to as PM2.5. In other embodiments, second filter layer  115  may be composed of a carbon filter material. In still other embodiments, second filter layer  115  may be composed of non-woven fabric. In still other embodiments, second filter layer  115  may be composed of synthetic fabric. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the type or kind of filter layer may vary based on an application or design in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In addition, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the arrangement of filter layers may vary based on an application or design. 
     Earless filter mask  200   a  may also include an outer fabric layer  120 . Outer fabric layer  120  may be the exterior facing portion of mask  200   a  having a first tapered end (left side), a protruding portion (center), and a second tapered end (right side) substantially similar in size and shape to inner fabric layer  110 . In certain embodiments, outer fabric layer  120  may be composed of soft and breathable cotton or cotton blended fabric material. In other embodiments, outer fabric layer  120  may be composed of non-woven fabric material. In still other embodiments, outer fabric layer  120  may be composed of synthetic or synthetic blended fabric material. In still other embodiments, outer fabric layer  120  may be composed of cotton and synthetic blended fabric material. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other soft and breathable materials may be used in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
     Inner fabric layer  110 , first filter layer  1310 , second filter layer  115 , and outer fabric layer  120  may be stacked together and aligned for sewing or attachment, an elastic material  1210  may be folded over the edge of the layers, and sewn or otherwise attached together along the edge. In  FIG. 13A , elastic material  1210  is shown as it may appear once sewn in place on mask  200   a.  Elastic material  1210  conforms the mask to a shape of the wearer&#39;s face. In certain embodiments, elastic material  1210  may be composed of a flexible material that stretches in an elastic manner. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other materials that conform mask  200   a  to the wearer&#39;s face (not shown) may be used in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Inner fabric layer  110 , first filter layer  1310 , second filter layer  115 , and outer fabric layer  120  may include cutouts  112 ,  1311 ,  117 , and  122  at a location corresponding to the approximate location of the nose and mouth of the wearer (not shown) that are configured to receive an exhalation valve  140  (e.g.,  142 ,  144 , and  146  may be collectively referred to as  140 ). Exhalation valve  140  may allow the wearer (not shown) to breathe out while wearing mask  200   a  without the buildup of gases within the interior breathing area of mask  200   a.  In addition, exhalation valve  140  may minimize moisture buildup inside mask  200   a  and the associated fogging of eyewear (not shown) while wearing mask  200   a.  Exhalation valve  140  may include an outer facing portion  142  disposed on, or otherwise secured to, an outer facing portion of outer fabric layer  120 , around cutout  122  of outer fabric layer  120 . Exhalation valve  140  may also include an inner facing portion  144  having a first distal end  144   a  exposed on an interior facing portion of inner fabric layer  110  and a second distal end  144   b  that extends through cutouts  112 ,  1311 ,  117 , and  122  in inner fabric layer  110 , first filter layer  1310 , second filter layer  115 , and outer fabric layer  120 . Inner facing portion  144  may be removably attached to outer facing portion  142  of exhalation valve  140  with a removable valve flap  146  disposed between inner facing portion  144  and outer facing portion  142 . In certain embodiments, valve flap  146  may be composed of a rubber material. In other embodiments, valve flap  146  may be composed of non-woven fabric or material. In still other embodiments, valve flap  146  may be composed of synthetic fabric or material. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other filter materials may be used in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Inner fabric layer  110 , first filter layer  1310 , second filter layer  115 , and outer fabric layer  120  may include connection eyelets  1220   a  and  1220   b  configured to receive a closure device  1230 . In certain embodiments, closure device  1230  may be an elastic shoelace, or spiral, material. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the type or kind of closure device  1230  may vary based on an application or design in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
     Continuing,  FIG. 13B  shows an exploded perspective view of an earless filter mask  200   b  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   b  may be earless filter mask  200   a  with an alternative closure device  1240 . In certain embodiments, closure device  1240  may be a cord  1243  and cord lock  1241 . One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the type or kind of closure device  1240  may vary based on an application or design in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
       FIG. 14A  shows a front elevation view of an earless filter mask  200   a  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the front elevation view, the protruding portion (center) of mask  200   a  that covers the wearer&#39;s nose and mouth (not shown) is shown. An elastic material (not shown) may be folded around the edge of the fabric and filter layers of mask  200   a  and sewn or otherwise attached together. The elastic material (not shown) allows mask  200   a  to comfortably conform to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face (not shown). The portion of the elastic material (not shown) disposed on a top potion of mask  200   a  allows mask  200   a  to conform, for example, to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face from the bridge of the nose to the cheeks (not shown) and the portion of the elastic material (not shown) disposed on a bottom portion of mask  200   a  allows mask  200   a  to conform, for example, to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face from the jaw to where the neck meets the jaw (not shown). Continuing,  FIG. 14B  shows a front elevation view of an earless filter mask  200   b  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   b  may be earless filter mask  200   a  with an alternative closure device  1240 . 
       FIG. 15A  shows a rear elevation view of an earless filter mask  200   a  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the rear elevation view, an interior breathing area of mask  200   a  is shown. An inner facing portion  144  of exhalation valve  140  and a portion of valve flap  146  are shown. A first tapered end (right tapered side in view) of mask  200   a  may be connected to a second tapered end (left tapered side in view) of mask  200   a  by a closure device  1230 . As discussed above, elastic material  1210  allows mask  200   a  to conform to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face (not shown) including around the jaw and neck to the point where the first and second tapered ends of mask  200   a  are secured to one another by closure device  1230  at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck (not shown). Continuing,  FIG. 15B  shows a rear elevation view of an earless filter mask  200   b  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   b  may be earless filter mask  200   a  with an alternative closure device  1240 . 
       FIG. 16A  shows a left side elevation view of an earless filter mask  200   a  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the left side elevation view, protruding portion  510  of mask  200   a  that may be configured to cover the wearer&#39;s nose and mouth (not shown) and first tapered end  520  of mask  200   a  are shown. The tapering down from protruding portion  510  to first tapered end  520  allows first tapered end  520  to be secured to the second tapered end (not shown) by closure device  1230  at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck (not shown) below the wearer&#39;s ears (not shown) while still providing full coverage of the wearer&#39;s nose and mouth (not shown). Elastic material  1210  allows mask  200   a  to conform to the wearer&#39;s face (not shown). Continuing,  FIG. 16B  shows a left side elevation view of an earless filter mask  200   b  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   b  may be earless filter mask  200   a  with an alternative closure device  1240 . 
       FIG. 17A  shows a right side elevation view of an earless filter mask  200   a  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the right side elevation view, protruding portion  510  of mask  200   a  and second tapered end  610  of mask  200   a  are shown. The tapering down from protruding portion  510  to second tapered end  610  allows the first tapered end ( 520  of  FIG. 5 ) to be secured to second tapered end  610  by closure device  1230  at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck (not shown) below the wearer&#39;s ears (not shown) while still providing full coverage of the wearer&#39;s nose and mouth (not shown). The elastic material  1210  allows mask  200   a  to conform to the wearer&#39;s face (not shown). Continuing,  FIG. 17B  shows a right side elevation view of an earless filter mask  200   b  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   b  may be earless filter mask  200   a  with an alternative closure device  1240 . 
       FIG. 18A  shows a top plan view of an earless filter mask  200   a  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the top plan view, first tapered end  520  is shown secured to second tapered end  610  by closure device  1230  as if a wearer (not shown) is wearing mask  200   a.  Continuing,  FIG. 18B  shows a top plan view of an earless filter mask  200   b  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   b  may be earless filter mask  200   a  with an alternative closure device  1240 . 
       FIG. 19A  shows a bottom plan view of an earless filter mask  200   a  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the bottom plan view, first tapered end  520  is shown secured to second tapered end  610  by closure device  1230  as if a wearer (not shown) is wearing mask  200   a.  Continuing,  FIG. 19B  shows a bottom plan view of an earless filter mask  200   b  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   b  may be earless filter mask  200   a  with an alternative closure device  1240 . 
       FIG. 20  shows a front elevation environmental view of an earless filter mask  200   a  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   a  may be placed over a wearer&#39;s  2010  nose and mouth (not independently illustrated). Because elastic material  1210  is sewn or otherwise attached around the edge of mask  200   a,  a tight seal is formed with the wearer&#39;s  2010  face including the area from the bridge of the nose to the cheeks and the area along the bottom jawline of the wearer  2010 . As such, air may enter the mask through the outer fabric layer  120 , is then filtered by the second filter layer ( 115  of  FIG. 13 ), then the first filter layer ( 1310  of  FIG. 13 ), and then traverses the inner fabric layer ( 110  of  FIG. 2 ) such that the wearer may breathe the filtered air disposed drawn into the interior breathing area of mask  2001 . The wearer  2010  may exhale through the exhalation valve  142 . 
       FIG. 21A  shows a rear perspective environmental view of an earless filter mask  200   a  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. A first tapered end (e.g.,  520 ) of mask  200   a  may be secured to a second tapered end (e.g.,  610 ) of mask  200   a  with closure device  1230  that sits at the nape  2120  below the wearer&#39;s  2110  ears  2130 . For example, wearer  2110  may pull a first distal end (not independently illustrated) of closure device  1230  through connection eyelet (not shown) and a second distal end of closure device  1230  through connection eyelet  1220   b.  The wearer  2110  may tighten or loosen the fit by adjusting the amount of elastic material of closure device  1230  that is pulled through one or more of the connection eyelets  1220   a,    1220   b.  Continuing,  FIG. 21B  shows a rear perspective environmental view of an earless filter mask  200   b  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   b  may be earless filter mask  200   a  with an alternative closure device  1240 . The wearer  2110  may tighten or loosen the fit of mask  200   b  by adjusting the amount of cord  1243  pulled through cord lock  1241 . 
       FIG. 22A  shows a front perspective environmental view of an earless filter mask  200   a  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. From the front perspective environmental view, wearer  2210  is shown wearing mask  200   a.  Mask  200   a  in situ provides a small profile and is made of a soft breathable material that conforms to the shape of the wearer&#39;s  2210  face. Mask  200   a  may be comfortable to wear for extended periods of time, prevents the unintentional inhalation of polluted air, and is aesthetically pleasing. The filter layers (e.g.,  115 ,  1310 ) may prevent the inhalation of polluted air through the fabric layers of the mask, while remaining constructed of breathable material, and a single exhalation valve (portion  142  shown) may allow a wearer to breathe out while wearing the mask without the buildup of gases within the interior breathing area of the mask  200   a  or a warm sensation for the wearer  2210 . Continuing,  FIG. 22B  shows a front perspective environmental view of an earless filter mask  200   b  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Earless filter mask  200   b  may be earless filter mask  200   a  with an alternative closure device  1240 . 
     Advantages of one or more embodiments of the present invention may include one or more of the following: 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask may include a multi-layer construction, including one or more interior filter layers, which wraps around and conforms to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face and tapers down in size to fasten at the nape of the wearer&#39;s neck below the ears. In certain embodiments, a conforming band may be sewn into the upper and the lower edges of the mask to conform the mask to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face and to secure each tapered end of the mask to a button disposed on the opposing tapered end of mask at the nape. In other embodiments, an elastic material may be sewn around an outer edge of the mask and also confirms the mask to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face. The first tapered end may be secured to the second tapered end with a closure device. The earless filter mask does not require attachment to the ears and promotes comfortable wear for extended periods of time. 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask provides a unique shape that includes, in certain embodiments, a conforming band on upper and lower edges of the mask that allow the mask to conform to a wearer&#39;s face, and in other embodiments, an elastic material sewn around the edge of the mask. In addition to conforming along a front facing portion of the wearer&#39;s face, the mask conforms to the bottom and jawline of the wearer&#39;s face as the mask is pulled on and then secured around the nape of the neck. 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask may include inner and outer fabric layers made of soft and breathable material. 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask may include one or more filter layers, disposed between the fabric layers, that prevents the unintentional inhalation of polluted air through the fabric layers. 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask may include, in certain embodiments, a conforming band that, in addition to being used to secure each tapered end of the mask to other tapered end, may be used to gather the fabric layers and conform the mask to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face and, in other embodiments, an elastic material that conforms the mask to the shape of the wearer&#39;s face and a closure device that connects the tapered ends to one another for a secure fit. 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask may include a single exhalation valve that allows a wearer to breathe out while wearing the mask, allows exhaled breath to escape without the buildup of gases within the interior facing portion of the mask, and minimizes moisture buildup inside the mask and the associated fogging up of eyewear. 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask is comfortable to wear for extended periods of time. 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask is aesthetically pleasing. 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask may include a decorative layer disposed on an exterior facing portion of all or part of an outer fabric layer and one or more buttons. 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an earless filter mask provides improved fit, improved comfort, and improved filtering while being aesthetically appealing. 
     While the present invention has been described with respect to the above-noted embodiments, those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, will recognize that other embodiments may be devised that are within the scope of the invention as disclosed herein. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the appended claims.