Patent Publication Number: US-10767329-B2

Title: Portable water inflatable barrier with anchoring support base

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation in part of U.S. Pat. No. 10,400,408, filed on Jun. 25, 2018. U.S. Pat. No. 10,400,408 is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 15/630,457, filed on Jun. 22, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,036,134. application Ser. No. 15/630,457 is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 15/382,965, filed on Dec. 19, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,719,225. application Ser. No. 15/382,965 is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 15/016,606, filed on Feb. 5, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,556,574. application Ser. No. 15/016,606 is a continuation of application Ser. No. 14/594,407, filed on Jan. 12, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,334,616. application Ser. No. 14/594,407 is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 13/663,756, filed on Oct. 30, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,956,077. application Ser. No. 13/663,756 claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/553,403, filed Oct. 31, 2011. All of these applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to temporary barriers, such as dikes used for flood control, and more particularly, to water-filled portable barriers. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Circumstances sometimes arise where a temporary dike, wall, or other barrier is needed to prevent a flood, landslide, or other threat from spreading and threatening lives and property. Often, such a temporary barrier is constructed from sandbags, whereby empty bags and a quantity of dirt or sand is brought to the site, and a crew of workers fills the bags with the dirt or sand and stacks the bags to form the barrier. With reference to  FIG. 1 , the bags are often stacked so as to form a barrier with a “pyramid” cross-section  100  that is widest at the base, and narrower at the top. 
     In some cases, the weight of the sand in the barrier  100  is sufficient to hold the barrier  100  in place during the flood or other threat. With reference to  FIG. 2 , in other cases a shallow trench  200  is prepared first, the trench having a depth that is approximately equal to the thickness of one sandbag. One or two rows of sandbags  202  are laid in the trench  200 , with the remainder of the barrier  100  being constructed on top of the initial one or two rows  202 . In this way, friction between the sandbags in the trench and the remainder of the sandbags further helps to hold the barrier in place. 
     A sandbag barrier is generally effective and the materials are relatively inexpensive. Furthermore, a sandbag barrier is easily adapted to extend between arbitrary locations, even if a curved, angled, or otherwise shaped barrier is required. However, there can be significant costs and construction time associated with a sandbag dike, due to the requirement to bring the sand or dirt to the construction site, which may weigh many tons, and due to the need to employ significant labor to fill and stack the bags. 
     In addition, after the flood or other threat has subsided, disposal of the sandbags can be time consuming and costly, especially if the sand and bags have become wet and contaminated by flood water and require special disposal procedures to avoid risks to health and to the environment. 
     What is needed, therefore, is a portable dike, wall, or other barrier that functions in a manner similar to a sandbag dike or wall and is easily adapted to extend between arbitrary locations, even if a curved, angled, or otherwise shaped barrier is required, but does not require delivery of large quantities of heavy materials to the construction site, does not require large amounts of labor to assemble, and is simple and inexpensive to remove when it is no longer needed. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A portable, modular, water-inflatable barrier system includes at least one barrier module that has an internal structure similar to a sandbag dike or wall, and functions in a similar manner, but does not require delivery of large quantities of heavy materials to the construction site, does not require large amounts of labor to assemble, and is simple and inexpensive to remove when no longer needed. The barrier comprises a plurality of interconnected, water-inflatable modules, each of which is made of a light, flexible material such as a heavy plastic or nanofiber. The modules can be transported to the construction site in a deflated state, after which they can be positioned, interconnected, and filled with locally available water. In embodiments, each module weighs less than 250 pounds, such that they can be lifted and carried without heavy machinery. The modules include substantially rectangular modules suitable for constructing straight sections of a barrier. Embodiments further include triangular, trapezoidal, and/or wedge-shaped modules suitable for forming a desired angle between straight segments of the barrier, so that the barrier can be easily adapted to extend between arbitrary locations, even if a curved, angled, or otherwise shaped barrier is required. 
     Each module of the barrier is a single unit that includes shaping and internal partitions which create an overall structure similar to a pile of sandbags in a sandbag wall. The interiors of the barrier modules are divided into pluralities of cells. Passages between the tops and bottoms of the cells in each module allow each of the modules to be filled from a single water inlet. Embodiments include a manifold that allows an entire assembly of modules to be simultaneously filled from a single water inlet. 
     In some embodiments, the cells in each module include passive automatic valves that seal the passages between the cells after the cells are filled with water, so that deflation of one cell in a module due to a puncture or some other cause will not cause the cells beneath it to deflate. In some embodiments, the outer shells of the barrier modules are made of a material that is thicker than the interior dividing walls, such as thick plastic, a synthetic rubber, or a thick layer of nanofiber, so as to better resist puncture by an external threat. In similar embodiments, the outer shells are double-walled, so that puncture of the outer wall does not affect the internal cells, so long as the inner wall remains intact. In certain embodiments the walls are coated with a protective material such as tyvec or liquid rubber that will seal punctures if they occur. 
     The internal structures of the barrier modules enable them to maintain their shape when the barrier is subjected to externally applied horizontal forces, such as pressure from flood waters. In some embodiments, the shape of the structure is made even more rigid by the inclusion within the cells of stiff, lightweight rods or plates made of plastic, bamboo, or a similar material. 
     In addition to maintaining their shapes and resisting punctures while in use, barrier modules must also resist horizontal displacement due to horizontal pressure from flood waters and due to impacts by floating objects that are carried by the flood waters. By themselves, the barrier modules are resistant to horizontal displacement due to friction between their bases and the underlying ground surface, as well as due to friction between adjoining modules. This can be enhanced, for example by providing a high-friction surface on the bottoms of the modules, and/or by providing an underlying sheet that can be installed between the modules and the ground. In embodiments, the underlying sheet can be folded over the front of the barrier, thereby providing additional protection against strikes from floating objects. 
     In embodiments, barrier modules can be attached to each other, for example by straps that interconnect between loops provided on the sides of the modules. Such attachment can provide additional resistance to horizontal displacement of modules relative to each other. In further embodiments, additional cells extend below the bases of the inflatable barrier modules, so that they can be placed in a trench prepared at the construction site, thereby further resisting horizontal dislodgement of the barrier by flood waters or other forces. In some embodiments, the barrier modules have interlocking ends that provide structural cooperation and a water-tight seal between adjacent barrier modules. 
     Embodiments of the present invention include an anchoring sheet that extends flat against the ground in front of the barrier, so that the weight of the water in front of the barrier presses the anchoring sheet against the ground and creates a high frictional resistance to movement, thereby anchoring the barrier in place. In some embodiments, the anchoring sheet can be folded over the water-facing surface of the barrier so as to prevent water from leaking between the modules. In some of these embodiments, the covering sheet is made from a material that naturally clings to the water-facing surface of the barrier due to static electrical attraction. In embodiments, the narrow end of a triangular or trapezoid shaped anchoring sheet can be placed beneath the narrow front of one or more trapezoid shaped modules and folded over the modules. 
     Other embodiments include a flexible underlying sheet that further resists puncture from beneath, and which seals to the ground so as to resist penetration of water beneath the barrier. In some of these embodiments, the underlying sheet includes a cushioning layer. In still other of these embodiments, the underlying sheet is filled with dry sand, foam or some other compliant material that will not get wet from the flood water. 
     Nevertheless, these mechanisms for resisting horizontal displacement of modules can prove insufficient in some cases. In particular, it is notable that displacement of a module even by a small amount relative to its neighbors can lead to leakage of water between the modules. This problem can be especially problematic for trapezoidal or wedge-shaped modules that serve to change the direction of a barrier, because even a slight displacement of such a wedge-shaped or trapezoidal module can open up a gap between the module and neighboring modules, thereby creating an opportunity for water to leak therebetween. 
     Accordingly, the barrier system of the present invention further includes one or more anchoring support bases that resist rear-ward horizontal displacement of barrier modules. Each anchoring support base includes an underlying horizontal portion that extends in front of a vertical portion. The horizontal underlying portion is configured to be installed beneath the bottom of one or more barrier modules, such that the vertical portion rises behind and abuts the one or more barrier modules. The anchoring support base further includes an anchoring portion extending behind the vertical portion and configured for attachment to the ground by stakes or spikes driven through openings provided in the anchoring portion. The vertical and anchoring base portions are made from a rigid or semi-rigid material, such as a hard rubber or plastic, such that the vertical portion strongly resists any tendency of an abutting barrier module to be horizontally displaced, while the underlying portion prevents any possible rotation or tipping backward of the vertical portion due to horizontal pressure from the abutting barrier module. 
     In some embodiments, the barrier modules can be initially inflated with air, so that they can be easily positioned and interconnected. The barrier modules can then be filled with water, while the displaced air is released through a pressure valve at the top of the barrier. In some of these embodiments, pre-inflation of the barrier modules with air allows interlocking barrier modules to be easily placed in their interlocking configuration before the air within the barrier modules is replaced by water. 
     One general aspect of the present invention is a water-inflatable barrier system that includes at least one barrier module. The at least one barrier module includes a first barrier module having first module flexible walls forming a first module shell configured to contain water within a first module interior of the first barrier module, said first module shell having a first module front, a first module rear, a substantially rectangular first module bottom, a first module length parallel to the first module front, a first module width perpendicular to the first module front, and a first module cross section that is wider at a first module bottom of the first barrier module than at a first module top of the first barrier module a plurality of substantially horizontal and substantially vertical first module partition walls dividing said first module interior into a plurality of adjacent, water-tight first module cells shaped as rectangular parallelepipeds, front and rear first module partition walls of each first module cell being substantially parallel to the first module front of the first module shell, said first module cells being arranged in a plurality of vertically stacked layers that are offset from each other such that none of the first module front and rear partition walls aligns with a first module front or rear partition wall in a vertically adjacent layer, a first module water inlet in liquid communication with the first module interior, and a plurality of first module passages between the first module cells, said first module passages being configured to allow filling of all of the first module cells with water from the first module water inlet. 
     The water inflatable barrier system further comprises an anchoring support base, which includes an underlying base portion configured for insertion beneath at least one of the barrier modules, a vertical base portion having a vertical base width, said vertical base portion being configured to extend upward behind at least one of the barrier modules in abutting relationship therewith when the underlying base portion is inserted beneath the at least one of the barrier modules, and an anchoring base portion configured for attachment of the anchoring support base to an underlying surface by installation of at least one stake or spike through at least one opening provided in said anchoring base portion such that said stake or spike penetrates into said underlying surface. 
     In embodiments, the anchoring base portion extends behind said vertical base portion. 
     In any of the above embodiments, the vertical base portion can also be the anchoring base portion, the at least one opening being provided in the vertical base portion, or the underlying base portion can also be the anchoring base portion, the at least one opening being provided in the underlying base portion. In any of the embodiments where the underlying base portion can also be the anchoring base portion, each opening of the at least one opening can be counter bored or countersunk, whereby when a stake or spike is installed therein a top of the stake or spike is substantially flush with a top surface of the underlying base portion. 
     In any of the above embodiments, the anchoring support base can be configured for insertion beneath the first barrier module, said vertical base width being substantially equal to a width of said first module rear. In some of these embodiments, dimensions of said underlying base portion are substantially identical to dimensions of said first module bottom of said first barrier module. 
     In any of the above embodiments, the barrier system can comprise a second barrier module that includes second module flexible walls forming a second module shell configured to contain water within a second module interior of the second barrier module, said second module shell having a second module front, a second module rear, and a substantially triangular or trapezoidal second module bottom, and a second module water inlet in liquid communication with the second module interior, said first and second barrier modules being configured for assembly together into a water barrier. In some of these embodiments, the anchoring support base is configured for insertion beneath the second barrier module, said vertical base width being substantially equal to a width of said second module rear. 
     Any of the above embodiments can further include a fastening mechanism configured for interconnection of the first and second barrier modules in a fixed, adjoining, aligned relationship. In some of these embodiments the fastening mechanism includes attachment features fixed to each of the first and second barrier modules. 
     In any of the above embodiments, at least one of the barrier modules can include at least one extended row of cells extending below other rows of cells in a bottom cell layer of the barrier module, the extended row being configured for placement in a trench prepared at a site where the barrier system is to be installed. 
     Any of the above embodiments can further include an underlying sheet configured for extending beneath at least one of the barrier modules and for attachment thereto, said underlying sheet being further configured to extend in front of at least one of the barrier modules so as to be pressed downward when in use against the underlying surface by water disposed against the barrier system, thereby increasing a resistance of the at least one of the barrier modules to horizontal displacement by the water. 
     A second general aspect of the present invention is a method of constructing a barrier assembly. The method includes providing a water inflatable barrier system according to the first general aspect, placing the anchoring support base at a desired location, installing at least one stake or spike through at least one of the openings provided in the anchoring base portion of the anchoring support base such that said at least one stake or spike penetrates into an underlying surface beneath the anchoring base portion, placing the at least one barrier module at the desired location so as to form a barrier having a desired shape and extent, whereby the underlying portion of the anchoring support base extends beneath at least one of the barrier modules, and wherein the vertical base portion of the anchoring support base extends upward behind and in abutting relationship with at least one of the barrier modules, and inflating the at least one barrier module with water. 
     Embodiments further include inflating the at least one barrier module with air before placement thereof at the desired location, and wherein inflating the barrier module with water includes removal of said air from said at least one barrier module. 
     In any of the above embodiments, at least one of the barrier modules can be an extended module that includes at least one extended row of cells extending below other rows of cells in a bottom cell layer of the barrier module, and the method can further include preparing a trench at the desired location and placing the at least one barrier module at the desired location includes placing the extended module such that the at least one extended row of cells extends into the trench. 
     The features and advantages described herein are not all-inclusive and, in particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and not to limit the scope of the inventive subject matter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is perspective view of a sandbag barrier of the prior art having a flat base; 
         FIG. 2  is perspective view of a sandbag barrier of the prior art having two rows of sandbags at its base that are placed in a trench prepared at the construction site; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a single module that is one cell in length in an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4A  is a cross sectional view of a module in an embodiment having a water inlet on top, a water outlet near the bottom, and simple passages between tops and bottoms of cells; 
         FIG. 4B  is a cross sectional view of a module in an embodiment similar to  FIG. 4A , but including only a water port at the top through which the barrier is both filled and emptied with water; 
         FIG. 5  is a partial cross sectional view of a module in an embodiment having passages between tops and bottoms of cells that are closable by passive valves; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view showing three of the modules of  FIG. 3  interconnected using loops and straps to form a partial barrier; 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of an embodiment similar to  FIG. 6 , but wherein a single strap extends through loops positioned on front faces of more than two of the modules; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a module in an embodiment where the module has interlocking ends; 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of an embodiment wherein the barrier has two additional rows of cells at its base that are placed in a trench prepared at the construction site; 
         FIG. 10  is a cross sectional view of an embodiment that includes stiffening rods within the cells and a series of bent metal rods located at intervals along the rear side of the barrier. 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of an embodiment that includes an anchoring sheet underlying the barrier and extending under the water to as to further resist lateral displacement of the barrier by the water; 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of an embodiment that includes a covering sheet that extends under the barrier and over the front face of the barrier, so as to inhibit leakage of water under and between the cells; 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a wedge-shaped module having a triangular base; 
         FIG. 14A  is a top view of the group of three adjacent modules of  FIG. 6A ; 
         FIG. 14B  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 13 ; 
         FIG. 15A  is a top view of a barrier assembled from groups of modules as shown in  FIGS. 14A and 14B ; 
         FIG. 15B  is a top view of a barrier similar to  FIG. 15A , but including wedge-shaped modules having a trapezoidal base; 
         FIG. 16  is a perspective view of the barrier of  FIG. 15A ; 
         FIG. 17  is a perspective view of a barrier similar to  FIG. 16 , except that wedge-shaped modules are installed therein in both a front-to-front configuration and a front-to-rear configuration; 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective view of a barrier formed from modules having vertical rear surfaces; 
         FIG. 19  is a top view of the barrier of  FIG. 15B  illustrating a gap formed in the barrier by horizontal displacement of a trapezoidal barrier module; 
         FIG. 20  is a side view of the barrier module of  FIG. 3  positioned on an anchoring support base according to an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 21A  is a top view of the anchoring support base of  FIG. 20 , shown without the barrier module; 
         FIG. 21B  is a top view of an anchoring support base similar to  FIG. 20 , but configured with a triangular underlying base portion; and 
         FIG. 22  is a top view of the barrier of  FIG. 15B  shown with anchoring support bases installed cooperative with each of the barrier modules, according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention is a portable, modular, water-inflatable barrier that has a structure similar to a sandbag dike or wall  100  and functions in a similar manner, but does not require delivery of large quantities of heavy materials to the construction site, does not require large amounts of labor to assemble, and is simple and inexpensive to remove when no longer needed. The barrier comprises one or more barrier modules  300 , each of which is made of a light, flexible material, such as a heavy plastic for nanofiber, and can be transported to the construction site in a deflated state, after which it is positioned and filled with locally available water. In embodiments, the modules  300  are coated with a material such as Tyvek or liquid rubber that will tend to seal any puncture of the material that may occur. In some embodiments, each module  300  weights less than 250 pounds, so that it can be lifted and carried without using heavy machinery. 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 3 , the interior of the module is divided into a plurality of approximately rectangular cells  302 . A port  304  for filing and/or emptying the module  300  is provided in the top surface. With reference to  FIG. 4A , passages  400  between the tops and bottoms of the cells  302  allow the entire barrier module  300  to be filled from a single water inlet  304 . In the illustrated embodiment, a separate water outlet  404  is provided at the base of the structure  300 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 4B , in some embodiments a separate water outlet  404  is not included, and instead water is both added and removed through a common port  304  at or near the top or bottom of the barrier module  300 . This allows water to be removed from the barrier module  300  without introducing air, so that removing the water causes the barrier module to be collapsed in preparation for packing and transport. 
     In some embodiments, lateral passages (not shown) are provided at least between adjoining cells in the bottom rear row, so that a single outlet can drain all of the cells  302  in the barrier module  300 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 5 , in some embodiments  500  the cells  302  include passive automatic valves  500  that seal the passages  400  after the cells  302  are filled with water, so that deflation of one cell due to a puncture or some other cause will not cause the cells beneath it to deflate. In the embodiment  500  of  FIG. 5 , the valves  502  are flaps of elastic material joined to the upper surfaces of the cells  302  by living hinges  504 . A small air bladder  506  is included in the region of the valve  502  that is positioned to cover the passage  400 . When the cell  302  is empty, gravity causes the valve  502  to fall away from the passage  400 , so that the cell  302  can fill with water. However, once the cell  302  is full of water, the air bladder  506  lifts the valve  502  into place and closes the passage  400 . Once the valves  502  are closed, if a cell should develop a leak and deflate, only the cells directly above it will be affected. 
     In addition, the embodiment  500  of  FIG. 5  includes lateral passages  508  between neighboring cells at the lowest level of the barrier, so that the entire barrier can be emptied through a single water outlet  404  located at the lower rear of the structure  500 . These lateral passages  508  include automatic valves  510  that will allow water to flow toward the rear as the cells empty from back to front, but will prevent water flowing from rear to front if one of the front cells is damaged. 
     Typically, the cells in the front row  302 ,  302 A will be the cells that are directly exposed to threats such as debris carried by flood waters. The front cells  302 ,  302 A are therefore the ones most likely to be damaged or punctured. In the embodiment of  FIG. 5 , if a cell  302 A in the bottom front row is punctured, the lateral valve  510  will prevent water from flowing out of the cell next to it  302 B and into the damaged cell  302 A. However, if the rear cells  302 B are drained first during the normal drainage process, then the lateral valves  510  will open and water from the front cells  302 A will flow out. 
     Embodiments of the present invention comprise a plurality of modules  300  that are arranged side-by-side and coupled to each other.  FIG. 6  illustrates the interconnection of three of the modules  300  illustrated in  FIG. 3  so as to form at least part of a barrier  600 . In this embodiment, the coupling mechanism that interconnects the modules  300  comprises loops  604  that are attached to the upper surfaces of the cells, whereby adjacent loops of adjoining modules are attached by straps  602 . In similar embodiments, the loops  604  are interconnected by clamps or other fastening means known in the art. 
       FIG. 7  is a perspective rear view of an embodiment  700  similar to  FIG. 6 , except that the loops  604  are located on both the front-facing and rear-facing surfaces of the modules  300 , and a single, continuous strap  702  is passed through the loops  604  and around the modules  300  so as to attach the modules  300  and form the barrier  700 . The embodiment of  FIG. 7  also includes a manifold  704  that can be used to fill all of the modules  300  simultaneously through fill-ports provided in the bases of the modules  300 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 8 , in some embodiments the barrier modules  800  have interlocking ends that provide structural cooperation and a water-tight seal between adjacent modules.  FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a single module  800  that is three cells wide. The module includes alternate rows of cells  802  that extend from the ends by a length of one cell, while the interleaved rows  804  do not. The opposite pattern is provided on the other end of the module  800 . It can be seen that a second module of the same configuration can be positioned so that its extended cells fit between the extended cells  802  of the adjacent module  800 . In some of these embodiments, as mentioned above, the modules  800  can be initially filled with air and positioned with the ends interlocking, after which the modules  800  are filled with water while the displaced air is allowed to escape through pressure valves  304  provided at the tops of the modules  800 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 9 , in further embodiments, additional rows  902  of cells extend below the base of the inflatable barrier  900  so that they can be placed in a trench  200  prepared at the construction site, thereby further resisting dislodgement of the barrier  900  by flood waters or other forces. 
     With reference to  FIG. 10 , in some embodiments the outer shell is made of a much thicker material than the internal cell walls  1008 , so as to better resist puncture by exterior threats. In similar embodiments, the outer shell  1006  is a double layer of material, so that penetration of the outer layer does not affect the adjacent cell, so long as the inner layer remains intact. In some embodiments, only the portion of the outer shell  1006  that will face the flood or other threat is thicker, double-walled, or otherwise reinforced. 
     In embodiments, the internal cell walls enable the barrier  300  to maintain its shape when it is subjected to externally applied, lateral forces, such as pressure from flood waters. As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , in some embodiments, the shape of the barrier  1000  is made even more rigid by including within the cells  302  stiff, lightweight rods  1002  or panels made of plastic, bamboo, or a similar material. 
     In certain embodiments, the shape of the barrier is supported by external reinforcing structures. The embodiment of  FIG. 10  includes a plurality of bent metal rods  1010  that can be located at intervals along the rear side of the barrier  1000 . The rods  1010  include vertical sections  1012  that can be placed against the back sides of cells at the rear of the barrier  1000  so as to provide further resistance to horizontal forces applied to the front of the barrier. 
     The embodiment of  FIG. 11  includes an anchoring sheet  1100  that is attached to the bottom of the barrier  600  and extends in front of the barrier  600 , where it is pressed against the ground by the water in front of the barrier, so that there is a high friction between the anchoring sheet  1100  and the ground that further inhibits horizontal displacement of the barrier  600  by flood water. 
     In embodiments, the flexible material of the barrier  600  allows the base of the barrier  600  to form a seal with ground even if the ground is rough. In the embodiment of  FIG. 11 , the underlying sheet  1100  also increases resistance to puncture of the barrier  600  from beneath, and also forms a seal with the ground so as to further resist penetration of water beneath the barrier  600 . In some of these embodiments, the underlying sheet  1100  includes a cushioning layer such as foam or a puncture-proof air bag that enables the underlying sheet to form a seal with very rough ground, and also further helps to avoid puncture of the barrier from beneath. In certain of these embodiments, the underlying sheet  1100  is filled with dry sand, foam or some other compliant material that will not get wet from the flood water. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a similar approach, wherein a cover sheet  1200  is placed beneath the barrier  600 , and is folded over the front of the barrier  600  to further protect the barrier  600  from punctures and other damage, and to help to prevent water from leaking between the modules  300 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 12 , the sheet  1200  is attached to the front surface of the barrier  600  by surrounding straps  1202 . 
     In embodiments, the cover sheet  1200  is sufficiently flexible to allow it to conform closely to the underlying shape of the water-facing surface of the barrier  600 . And in some of these embodiments, the cover sheet  1200  is made from a material that naturally clings to the water-facing surface of the barrier  600  due to static electrical attraction. 
     Barrier modules  300  as illustrated for example in  FIG. 3  are suitable for constructing barriers having an approximately rectangular footprint, for example to form a barrier or dike that extends in a straight line between opposing anchor locations. With reference to  FIG. 13 , embodiments of the present invention include modules  1300  that are shaped as triangular or trapezoidal wedges that can be included in a barrier assembly so as to bend and curve the resulting barrier into a desired shape.  FIG. 14A  is a top view illustrating three modules  300  of the type shown in  FIG. 3 . Cross-hatching is used to indicate the regions of different height.  FIG. 14B  is a top view of a wedge-shaped module  1300  having a triangular footprint that can be combined with the modules  300  of  FIG. 14A  to form a barrier with bends and curves. 
     In embodiments, wedge modules  1300  are provided having a convenient wedge angle, so that multiple wedge modules  1300  can be combined to obtain desired bend angles. For example, wedge modules  1300  having a 15 degree wedge angle can be combined to provide a bend or curve of 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, and 90 degrees. Providing wedge modules  1300  with small wedge angles also reduces the weight and the number of cells included in a single wedge. 
       FIG. 15A  is a top view of a barrier that includes two 30° wedge modules  1300  between groups of rectangular modules  300  to create a barrier having a bend of approximately 60 degrees.  FIG. 15B  is a top view of a similar barrier, in which the wedge modules  1500  have trapezoidal footprints rather than triangular footprints, thereby providing a more gradual bend (greater radius of curvature). 
       FIG. 16  is a perspective view of the barrier of  FIG. 15A . In the embodiment of  FIG. 17 , a barrier similar to  FIG. 16  includes a second pair of wedge modules  1700  included in a reversed orientation, thereby creating a barrier having two parallel ends that are offset from each other by a slanted middle section. In the embodiment of  FIG. 17 , the inverted wedge modules  1700  are structurally identical with the non-inverted wedge modules  1300 , and are simply installed in a different orientation. 
     It will be understood by those of skill in the art that the module shapes included in the present disclosure are not limited to only the shapes that are illustrated in the figures. In particular, the present invention includes embodiments wherein one side of each module  1800  is vertical, as shown for example in  FIG. 18 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 18 , rectangular modules  1800  and wedge modules  1802  are combined to form a barrier with a bend, where one side of the barrier is vertical and the other side is sloped. 
     According to the requirements of a given implementation, the sloped side of the barrier can be oriented either toward or away from the water that is being contained. Directing the sloped side toward the water can be advantageous because the weight of the water on top of the sloped surface can help to stabilize the barrier by pressing it against the underlying ground. On the other hand, directing the vertical side of the barrier toward the water can be advantageous if it is desirable to maintain a uniform depth of the contained water, or if the barrier is being used to temporarily raise the vertical sides of an existing waterway that is in danger of overflowing. 
     It will be understood by those of skill in the art that in embodiments the cells of the wedge module can be staggered laterally so as to interlock with the sides of rectangular modules such as those shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     Even when features such as the trench of  FIG. 9  and/or the underlying sheet of  FIG. 11  are implemented, these measures can be insufficient for resisting horizontal displacement of modules in some cases. In particular, it is notable that displacement of a module even by a small amount relative to its neighbors can lead to leakage of water between the modules. With reference to  FIG. 19 , this problem can be especially problematic for trapezoidal or wedge-shaped modules because even a slight horizontal displacement of such a wedge-shaped or trapezoidal module  1900  can open up a gap  1902  between the module and neighboring modules  300 ,  1500 , thereby creating an opportunity for water to leak therebetween. 
     Accordingly, with reference to  FIG. 20 , the barrier system of the present invention further includes one or more anchoring support bases  2000  that resist rear-ward horizontal displacement of barrier modules  300 . Each anchoring support base  2000  includes an underlying horizontal portion  2002  that extends in front of a vertical portion  2004 . The horizontal underlying portion  2000  is configured to be installed beneath the bottom of one or more barrier modules  300 , such that the vertical portion  2002  rises behind and abuts the one or more barrier modules  300 . 
     The anchoring support base  2000  further includes an anchoring portion  2006  extending behind the vertical portion  2004  and configured for attachment to the ground by stakes or spikes  2008  driven through openings  2010  provided in the anchoring portion  2006 . The vertical  2004  and anchoring  2006  base portions are made from a rigid or semi-rigid material or materials, such as a hard rubber or plastic, and can be formed as a single, monolithic element or as two or more elements that are rigidly fixed to each other, such that the vertical portion  2004  strongly resists any tendency of an abutting barrier module  300  to be horizontally displaced, while the underlying portion  2002  prevents any possible rotation or tipping backward of the vertical portion  2004  due to horizontal pressure from the abutting barrier module  300 . 
       FIG. 21A  is a top view of an anchoring support base configured such that the vertical portion  2004  is also the anchoring portion  2006 , the openings  2010  being provided in the vertical portion  2004 , and the underlying portion  2002  is configured to extend beneath a barrier module  300  having a rectangular base shape, where the shape of the underlying portion  2002  is substantially identical to the shape of the base of the barrier module  300 . 
       FIG. 21B  is a top view of an anchoring support base configured such that the underlying portion  2002  is also the anchoring portion, the openings  2010  being provided in the underlying portion  2002 , and the underlying portion  2002  is configured to extend beneath a barrier module  1802  having a triangular base shape, where the shape of the underlying portion  2002  is substantially identical to the shape of the base of the barrier module  1802 . 
       FIG. 22  is an illustration from above of an embodiment similar to  FIG. 15B , showing anchoring base modules  2000  installed cooperatively with each of the barrier modules  300 ,  1500 . 
     While  FIGS. 20 through 22  illustrate anchoring support bases  2000  that conform in shape to the bases of individual barrier modules  300 ,  1500 ,  1802 , it will be understood that other embodiments include one or more anchoring support bases that do not necessarily conform to the shapes of barrier modules. For example, embodiments include anchoring support bases that extend only partway under a barrier module, and/or anchoring support bases that are narrower that the rear width of a corresponding barrier module. In addition, some embodiments include anchoring base modules that are sufficiently wide to extend beneath more than one barrier module. 
     It should further be noted that the anchoring base portion need not extend behind the vertical base portion, and that in some embodiments openings are provided in the vertical base portion for insertion therethrough of stakes and/or spikes, so that the vertical base portion is the anchoring base portion. In still other embodiments, the underlying base portion serves as the anchoring base portion, in that openings are provided in the underlying base portion through which stakes and/or spikes can be inserted. In some of these embodiments tops of the stakes and/or spikes are contained within counter bored or countersunk portions of the openings so that the tops of the stakes and/or spikes are substantially flush with an upper surface of the underlying base portion. 
     The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of this disclosure. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.