Patent Publication Number: US-8978786-B2

Title: System and method for adjusting roller cone profile on hybrid bit

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     None. 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     REFERENCE TO APPENDIX 
     Not applicable. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present inventions relate in general to earth-boring drill bits and, in particular, to a bit having a combination of rolling and fixed cutters and cutting elements and a method of drilling with same. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,294,186 discloses the use of nickel shims for brazing of rock bit components. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,191 discloses a “rotary rock bit is constructed from a multiplicity of individual segments. Each individual segment includes two parting faces and a gage cutting surface. The individual segments are positioned adjacent each other with the parting faces of the adjacent segments in abutting relationship to one another. A ring gage is positioned around the segments and the individual segments are moved relative to one another causing the parting faces of an individual segment to slide against the parting faces of the adjacent segments. The segments are moved until the gage cutting surfaces of the segments contact the ring gage thereby insuring that the finished bit will have the desired gage size. The segments are welded together over a substantial portion of the parting faces.” 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,439,067 discloses a “rotary cone drill bit for forming a borehole having a one-piece bit body with a lower portion having a convex exterior surface and an upper portion adapted for connection to a drill string. A number of support arms are preferably attached to the bit body and depend therefrom. Each support arm has an inside surface with a spindle connected thereto and an outer surface. Each spindle projects generally downwardly and inwardly with respect to the associated support arm. A number of cone cutter assemblies equal to the number of support arms are mounted on each of the spindles. The support arms are spaced on the exterior of the bit body to provide enhanced fluid flow between the lower portion of the bit body and the support arms. Also, the length of the support arms is selected to provide enhanced fluid flow between the associated cutter cone assembly and the lower portion of the bit body. The same bit body may be used with various rotary cone drill bits having different gauge diameters.” 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,439,068 discloses a “rotary cone drill bit for forming a borehole having a one-piece bit body with a lower portion having a convex exterior surface and an upper portion adapted for connection to a drill string. The drill bit will generally rotate around a central axis of the bit body. A number of support arms are preferably attached to pockets formed in the bit body and depend therefrom. Each support arm has an inside surface with a spindle connected thereto and an outer surface. Each spindle projects generally downwardly and inwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the associated support arm and the central axis of the bit body. A number of cone cutter assemblies equal to the number of support arms are mounted respectively on each of the spindles. The spacing between each of the support arms along with their respective length and width dimensions are selected to enhance fluid flow between the cutter cone assemblies mounted on the respective support arms and the lower portion of the bit body. A lubricant reservoir is preferably provided in each support arm to supply lubricant to one or more bearing assemblies disposed between each cutter cone assembly and its associated spindle. Either matching openings and posts or matching keyways and keys may be used to position and align a portion of each support arm within its associated pocket during fabrication of the resulting drill bit. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,255 discloses a “rotary cone drill bit for forming a borehole having a bit body with an upper end portion adapted for connection to a drill string. The drill bit rotates around a central axis of the body. A number of support arms are preferably extend from the bit body. The support arms may either be formed as an integral part of the bit body or attached to the exterior of the bit body in pockets sized to receive the associated support arm. Each support arm has a lower portion with an inside surface and a spindle connected thereto and an outer shirttail surface. Each spindle projects generally downwardly and inwardly with respect to its associated support arm. A number of cutter cone assemblies equal to the number of support arms are mounted respectively on the spindles. A throat relief area is provided on the lower portion of each support arm adjacent to the associated spindle to increase fluid flow between the support arm and the respective cutter cone assembly.” 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,606,895 discloses a “rotary cone drill bit having a one-piece bit body with a lower portion having a convex exterior surface and an upper portion adapted for connection to a drill string. The drill bit will generally rotate around a central axis of the bit body to form a borehole. A number of support arms are preferably attached to pockets formed in the bit body and depend therefrom. The bit body and support arms cooperate with each other to reduce initial manufacturing costs and to allow rebuilding of a worn drill bit. Each support arm has an inside surface with a spindle connected thereto and an outer shirttail surface. Each spindle projects generally downwardly and inwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the associated support arm and the central axis of the bit body. A number of cone cutter assemblies equal to the number of support arms are mounted respectively on each of the spindles. The radial spacing of the support arms on the perimeter of the associated bit body along with their respective length and width dimensions are selected to enhance fluid flow between the cutter cone assemblies mounted on the respective support arms and the lower portion of the bit body. The resulting drill bit provides enhanced fluid flow, increased seal and bearing life, improved downhole performance and standardization of manufacturing and design procedures.” 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,002 discloses a “rotary cone drill bit having a one-piece bit body with a lower portion having a convex exterior surface and an upper portion adapted for connection to a drill string. The drill bit will generally rotate around a central axis of the bit body to form a borehole. A number of support arms are preferably attached to pockets formed in the bit body and depend therefrom. The bit body and support arms cooperate with each other to reduce initial manufacturing costs and to allow rebuilding of a worn drill bit. Each support arm has an inside surface with a spindle connected thereto and an outer shirttail surface. Each spindle projects generally downwardly and inwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the associated support arm and the central axis of the bit body. A number of cone cutter assemblies equal to the number of support arms are mounted respectively on each of the spindles. The radial spacing of the support arms on the perimeter of the associated bit body along with their respective length and width dimensions are selected to enhance fluid flow between the cutter cone assemblies mounted on the respective support arms and the lower portion of the bit body. The resulting drill bit provides enhanced fluid flow, increased seal and bearing life, improved downhole performance and standardization of manufacturing and design procedures.” 
     U.S. Design Pat. No. D372,253 shows a support arm and rotary cone for modular drill bit. 
     The inventions disclosed and taught herein are directed to an improved hybrid bit having a combination of rolling and fixed cutters and cutting elements. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The inventions disclosed and taught herein are directed to an earth boring drill bit designed for a specific performance, within a finished product tolerance, using components built to a looser manufacturing tolerance, and a method of assembling the bit. The bit may be assembled by selecting one or more legs from a plurality of pre-manufactured legs; selecting a bit body from a plurality of pre-manufactured bit bodies, the bit body having a slot for receiving the leg; placing the leg within the slot; and fixing the leg within the slot within the finished product tolerance by placing one or more shims between the leg and the slot. The leg and shims may be welded or bolted into the bit body. The number and/or thickness of the shims may be selected to bring the earth boring drill bit within the finished product tolerance. The shims may be used to adjust an axial position, a radial position, and/or circumferential position of the leg with respect to the slot, thereby adjusting the position of roller cone cutting elements associated with the leg with respect to fixed cutting elements secured to a blade of the bit body. The leg and the bit body may be selected, or produced, such that the leg will not fill the slot. For example, the bit body may be manufactured to ensure the bit will not meet the specification, given the manufacturing tolerance, without the shims. Additionally, or alternatively, the leg may be manufactured to ensure the leg will not meet the performance specification, given the manufacturing tolerance, without the shims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a bottom plan view of the embodiment of the hybrid earth-boring bit constructed in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a side elevation view of an embodiment of the hybrid earth-boring bit of  FIG. 1  constructed in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded view of another embodiment of the hybrid earth-boring bit of  FIG. 1  constructed in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the earth-boring bit of  FIG. 3 , illustrating the configuration of the axial slot in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a composite rotational side view of the hybrid earth-boring drill bit of  FIG. 1  constructed in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a simplified side view of the hybrid earth-boring drill bit of  FIG. 1  constructed in accordance with the present invention; and 
         FIG. 7  is a simplified cross-sectional view of the hybrid earth-boring drill bit of  FIG. 1  constructed in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  is an alternative simplified side view of the hybrid earth-boring drill bit of  FIG. 1  constructed in accordance with the present invention; and 
         FIG. 9  is a graph showing bit performance for different relative positions of roller cone cutting elements with respect to fixed cutting elements. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The Figures described above and the written description of specific structures and functions below are not presented to limit the scope of what Applicants have invented or the scope of the appended claims. Rather, the Figures and written description are provided to teach any person skilled in the art to make and use the inventions for which patent protection is sought. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that not all features of a commercial embodiment of the inventions are described or shown for the sake of clarity and understanding. Persons of skill in this art will also appreciate that the development of an actual commercial embodiment incorporating aspects of the present inventions will require numerous implementation-specific decisions to achieve the developer&#39;s ultimate goal for the commercial embodiment. Such implementation-specific decisions may include, and likely are not limited to, compliance with system-related, business-related, government-related and other constraints, which may vary by specific implementation, location and from time to time. While a developer&#39;s efforts might be complex and time-consuming in an absolute sense, such efforts would be, nevertheless, a routine undertaking for those of skill in this art having benefit of this disclosure. It must be understood that the inventions disclosed and taught herein are susceptible to numerous and various modifications and alternative forms. Lastly, the use of a singular term, such as, but not limited to, “a,” is not intended as limiting of the number of items. Also, the use of relational terms, such as, but not limited to, “top,” “bottom,” “left,” “right,” “upper,” “lower,” “down,” “up,” “side,” and the like are used in the written description for clarity in specific reference to the Figures and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or the appended claims. 
     Applicants have created an earth boring drill bit designed for a specific performance, within a finished product tolerance, using components built to a looser manufacturing tolerance, and a method of assembling the bit. The bit may be assembled by selecting one or more legs from a plurality of pre-manufactured legs; selecting a bit body from a plurality of pre-manufactured bit bodies, the bit body having a slot for receiving the leg; placing the leg within the slot; and fixing the leg within the slot within the finished product tolerance by placing one or more shims between the leg and the slot. The leg and shims may be welded or bolted into the bit body. The number and/or thickness of the shims may be selected to bring the earth boring drill bit within the finished product tolerance. The shims may be used to adjust an axial position, a radial position, and/or circumferential position of the leg with respect to the slot, thereby adjusting the position of roller cone cutting elements associated with the leg with respect to fixed cutting elements secured to a blade of the bit body. The leg and the bit body may be selected, or produced, such that the leg will not fill the slot. For example, the bit body may be manufactured to ensure the bit will not meet the specification, given the manufacturing tolerance, without the shims. Additionally, or alternatively, the leg may be manufactured to ensure the leg will not meet the performance specification, given the manufacturing tolerance, without the shims. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1-2 , an illustrative embodiment of a modular hybrid earth-boring drill bit is disclosed. The bit  11  the bit may be similar to that shown in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20090272582 and/or 20080296068, both of which are incorporated herein by specific reference. The bit  11  comprises a bit body  13  having a longitudinal axis  15  that defines an axial center of the bit body  13 . A plurality (e.g., two shown) of bit legs or heads  17  extend from the bit body  13  in the axial direction, parallel to the longitudinal axis  15 . Because the legs  17  are secured about the bit body  13 , the legs may also protrude radially from the bit body  13 . The bit body  13  also has a plurality of fixed blades  19  that extend in the axial direction. 
     Rolling cutters  21  are mounted to respective ones of the bit legs  17 . Each of the rolling cutters  21  is shaped and located such that every surface of the rolling cutters  21  is radially spaced apart from the axial center  15  by a minimal radial distance  23 . A plurality of rolling-cutter cutting inserts or elements  25  are mounted to the rolling cutters  21  and radially spaced apart from the axial center  15  by a minimal radial distance  27 . The minimal radial distances  23 ,  27  may vary according to the application, and may vary from cutter to cutter, and/or cutting element to cutting element. 
     In addition, a plurality of fixed cutting elements  31  are mounted to the fixed blades  19 . At least one of the fixed cutting elements  31  may be located at the axial center  15  of the bit body  13  and adapted to cut a formation at the axial center. In one embodiment, the at least one of the fixed cutting elements  31  is within approximately 0.040 inches of the axial center. Examples of rolling-cutter cutting elements  25  and fixed cutting elements  31  include tungsten carbide inserts, cutters made of super-hard material such as polycrystalline diamond, and others known to those skilled in the art. 
       FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate the modular aspect of the bit constructed according to the present invention.  FIG. 3  is an exploded view of the various parts of the bit  111  disassembled. The illustrative embodiment of  FIG. 3  is a three-cutter, three-blade bit. The modular construction principles of the present invention are equally applicable to the two-cutter, two-blade bit  11  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , and hybrid bits with any combination of fixed blades and rolling cutters. 
     As illustrated, bit  111  comprises a shank portion or section  113 , which is threaded or otherwise configured at its upper extent for connection into a drillstring. At the lower extent of shank portion  113 , a generally cylindrical receptacle  115  is formed. Receptacle  115  receives a correspondingly shaped and dimensioned cylindrical portion  117  at the upper extent of a bit body portion  119 . Shank  113  and body  119  portions are joined together by inserting the cylindrical portion  117  at the upper extent of body portion  119  into the cylindrical receptacle  115  in the lower extent of shank  113 . For the 12¼ inch bit shown, the receptacle is a Class 2 female thread that engages with a mating male thread at the upper extent of the body. The circular seam or joint is then continuously bead welded to secure the two portions or sections together. Receptacle  115  and upper extent  117  need not be cylindrical, but could be other shapes that mate together, or could be a sliding or running fit relying on the weld for strength. Alternatively, the joint could be strengthened by a close interference fit between upper extent  119  and receptacle  115 . Tack welding around, and/or fully welding, the seam could also be used. 
     A bit leg or head  121  (three are shown for the three-cutter embodiment of  FIG. 3 ) is received in an axially extending slot  123  (again, there is a slot  123  for each leg or head  121 ). As shown in greater detail in  FIG. 4 , slot  123  is dovetailed (and leg  121  correspondingly shaped) so that only axial sliding of leg  121  is permitted and leg  121  resists radial removal from slot  123 . A plurality (four) of bolts  127  and washers secure each leg  121  in slot  123  so that leg  121  is secured against axial motion in and removal from slot  123 . A rolling cutter  125  is secured on a bearing associated with each leg  121  by a ball lock and seal assembly  129 . The apertures in leg  121  through which bolts  127  extend may be oblong and/or oversized, to permit the axial and/or radial positioning of leg  121  within slot  123 , which in turn permits selection of the relative projection of the cutting elements on each rolling cutter. A lubricant compensator assembly  131  is also carried in each leg  121  and supplies lubricant to the bearing assembly and compensates for pressure variations in the lubricant during drilling operations. At least one nozzle  133  is received and retained in the bit body portion  119  to direct a stream of drilling fluid from the interior of bit  111  to selected locations proximate the cutters and blades of the bit. 
       FIG. 4  is a fragmentary section view of bit body  119  illustrating the configuration of slot  123 . As previously noted, slot  123  has a pair of adjacent opposing sides  135  that are inclined toward one another at an acute included angle (from vertical) to define a dovetail. A third side, which may be curved or flat, connects the two opposing sides  135 . A rectilinear recess  137  is formed within the third side for additional engagement between the bit leg and bit body. As stated, bit leg  121  is provided with a corresponding shape so that once assembled together, bit leg  121  resists removal from slot  123  except by axial force. Preferably, for the 12¼ inch bit illustrated, slot  123  is approximately 3.880 inches wide at its widest point, opposing sides  135  are inclined at an angle of approximately 15 degrees and converge to define an included angle of approximately 30 degrees. Recess  137  is approximately 1.880 inches wide and approximately 0.385 inches deep. The corresponding surfaces of bit leg  121  are similarly dimensioned, but between 0.005 and 0.010 inch smaller to provide a sliding or running fit within the slot. A close interference fit could also be used to enhance strength, at the cost of ease of assembly. A blind threaded hole or aperture  139  is formed in bit body  119  to receive each of the fasteners or bolts  127  ( FIG. 3 ). Alternatively, the opposed sides  135  of slot  123  could be “straight,” but such a construction will not be as strong as the “dovetailed” construction and may unduly strain bolts  127 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the roller cone cutting elements  25  and the fixed cutting elements  31  combine to define a cutting profile  41  that extends from the axial center  15  to a radially outermost perimeter  43  with respect to the axis. In one embodiment, only the fixed cutting elements  31  form the cutting profile  41  at the axial center  15  and the radially outermost perimeter  43 . However, the roller cone cutting elements  25  overlap with the fixed cutting elements  31  on the cutting profile  41  between the axial center  15  and the radially outermost perimeter  43 . The roller cone cutting elements  25  are configured to cut at the nose  45  and shoulder  47  of the cutting profile  41 , where the nose  45  is the leading part of the profile (i.e., located between the axial center  15  and the shoulder  47 ) facing the borehole wall and located adjacent the radially outermost perimeter  43 . 
     Thus, the roller cone cutting elements  25  and the fixed cutting elements  31  combine to define a common cutting face  51  ( FIG. 2 ) in the nose  45  and shoulder  47 , which are known to be the weakest parts of a fixed cutter bit profile. Cutting face  51  is located at a distal axial end of the hybrid drill bit  11 . In one embodiment, at least one of each of the roller cone cutting elements  25  and the fixed cutting elements  31  extend in the axial direction at the cutting face  51  at a substantially equal dimension. In one embodiment, are radially offset from each other even though they axially align. However, the axial alignment between the distal most elements  25 ,  31  is not required such that elements  25 ,  31  may be axially spaced apart by a significant distance when in their distal most position. For example, the roller cone cutting elements  25  or the fixed cutting elements  31  may extend beyond, or may not fully extend to, the cutting face  51 . In other words, the roller cone cutting elements  25  may extend to the cutting face  51  with the fixed cutting elements  31  axially offset from the cutting face  51 . 
     For example, assuming the fixed cutting elements  31  are fixed due to the integration of the blades  19  with the bit body  13 , one may wish to manipulate the axial and/or radial position of the legs  17 , thereby controlling the axial and/or radial position of the roller cone cutting elements  25  with respect to the fixed cutting elements  31  and/or the cutting profile  41 . As shown in  FIGS. 6 ,  7 , and  8 , the present invention provides this capability through the use of shims  200 . 
     More specifically, one or more shims  200  may be placed in any or all of the slots  123  between the leg  17  and an axial wall  150  of the slot  123  in the bit body  13  to adjust the axial position of the roller cone cutting elements  25  with respect to the fixed cutting elements  31  and/or the cutting profile  41 , as shown in  FIG. 6 . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more shims  200  may be placed in any or all of the slots  123  between the leg  17  and a radial wall  155  of the slot  123  in the bit body  13  to adjust the radial position of the roller cone cutting elements  25  with respect to the fixed cutting elements  31  and/or the cutting profile  41 , as shown in  FIG. 7 . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more shims  200  may be placed in any or all of the slots  123  between the leg  17  and either circumferential wall  160 , or opposed sides  135 , of the slot  123  in the bit body  13  to adjust the circumferential position, or position around the circumference of the bit  11  relative to the slots  123 , of the roller cone cutting elements  25  with respect to the fixed cutting elements  31  and/or the cutting profile  41 , as shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     The shims  200  may have two parallel opposing surfaces, as shown, such that the leg  17  is positioned substantially parallel to the bit body  13 , axis  15 , and/or the walls  150 , 155  of the slot  123 . Alternatively, the opposing surfaces may be convergent and/or divergent along the length of the shim  200 , such that an angle between the leg  17  and the bit body  13 , axis  15 , and/or the walls  150 , 155  of the slot  123  may be manipulated. The shims  200  preferably extend the entire length of the walls  135 , 150 , 155 , 160  of the slot  123 , but may be longer or shorter, as desired. 
     The shims  200  are preferably between 0.003 and 0.005 inches thick. However, the shims  200  may be between 0.003 and 0.015 inches thick. For example, the shims  200  may be between 0.005 and 0.015 inches thick. Alternatively, the shims  200  may be between 0.010 and 0.015 inches thick. 
     The shims  200  may also include apertures, such as those in leg  121  through which bolts  127  extend. The apertures may be oblong to allow adjustment of their position relative to the bolts  127 . Alternatively, the apertures may be circular, thereby fixing their position relative to the bolts  127 . In this case, the shims  200  may be fixed with respect to the bit body  13 , but still allow the legs  17  to move relative thereto. 
     Furthermore, rather than the legs  16  being bolted to the body  13 , the legs  17  may be welded, brazed, or otherwise fixedly secured to the bit body  13 . In this case, the shims  200  may act as filler and included in the welding, brazing, or other process. In some embodiments, each shim  200  may be individually welded in place, one after another and/or on top of another, as needed, with the leg  17  thereafter being welded to the shims  200  and/or weld bead built up with the shims  200 . 
     In any case, it can be seen how the shims  200  may be used to accommodate relatively loose manufacturing tolerances, and still allow the finished bit  11  to meet relatively tight finished product tolerances. This is done by selecting the number and/or thickness of shim(s)  200  necessary to meet a given finished product tolerance, with parts made to virtually any manufacturing tolerances. To further ensure this capability, the slots  123  may be oversized, i.e. larger, wider, and/or deeper than ultimately desired, and the legs  17  may be undersized, i.e. smaller, narrower, and/or shallower than ultimately desired, thereby allowing the excess space to be occupied, or made up, by more and/or thicker shims  200 . 
     The shims  200  allow adjustment of the axial position, radial position, and/or circumferential position up to approximately one tenth of an inch, or even one eighth of an inch. For example, using current manufacturing capabilities, most bits appear to need between 0.020 and 0.030 inches of adjustment. However, other ranges of adjustment are contemplated, such as between 0.010 and 0.075 inches of adjustment, between 0.020 and 0.030 inches of adjustment, between 0.010 and 0.050 inches of adjustment, between 0.020 and 0.050 inches of adjustment, or between 0.015 and 0.030 inches of adjustment. Furthermore, one bit  11  may require difference ranges of adjustment of each position, such that the axial position is adjusted a different amount than the circumferential position, etc. 
     In this manner, as shown in  FIG. 9 , the present invention allows the performance of the bit  11  to be fine tuned, given current manufacturing tolerances, which would not otherwise be able to produce such fine adjustment of the axial position, radial position, and/or circumferential position of the roller cone cutting elements  25  with respect to the fixed cutting elements  31  and/or the cutting profile  41 . The performance may be specified in terms of rate of penetration (ROP), aggressiveness, durability, and/or another performance measure. For example, when the roller cone cutting elements  25  lead more, precede or are deeper than, or are overexposed with respect to, the fixed cutting elements  31 , the resultant bit  11  is expected to be less aggressive, have a lower ROP, but be more durable. On the other hand when the fixed cutting elements  31  lead more, precede or are deeper than, or are overexposed with respect to, the roller cone cutting elements  25 , or the roller cone cutting elements  25  lag, or are underexposed with respect to, the fixed cutting elements  31 , the resultant bit  11  is expected to be more aggressive, have a higher ROP, but be less durable. These are relatively fine relationships, typically approximately within one tenth of an inch, or in some cases one eighth inch, either way, and are therefore beyond commonly attainable manufacturing tolerances. The shims  200  of the present invention provide this fine tuning of the performance characteristics of the bit  11 . 
     The use of the shims  200  also allows preassembly of multiple bits without the need of expensive and complex jigs to hold the assembled bit while waiting to be welded. In this regard, the legs  17 , with shims  200 , may be assembled and then bolted together and/or tack welded before final welding occurs. 
     Other and further embodiments utilizing one or more aspects of the inventions described above can be devised without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, the shims  200  may also be used along any of the walls of the slots  123 , to accommodate independent adjustment of the axial position, radial position, or circumferential position, or any combination thereof. Further, the various methods and embodiments of the present invention can be included in combination with each other to produce variations of the disclosed methods and embodiments. Discussion of singular elements can include plural elements and vice-versa. 
     The order of steps can occur in a variety of sequences unless otherwise specifically limited. The various steps described herein can be combined with other steps, interlineated with the stated steps, and/or split into multiple steps. Similarly, elements have been described functionally and can be embodied as separate components or can be combined into components having multiple functions. 
     The inventions have been described in the context of preferred and other embodiments and not every embodiment of the invention has been described. Obvious modifications and alterations to the described embodiments are available to those of ordinary skill in the art. The disclosed and undisclosed embodiments are not intended to limit or restrict the scope or applicability of the invention conceived of by the Applicants, but rather, in conformity with the patent laws, Applicants intend to fully protect all such modifications and improvements that come within the scope or range of equivalent of the following claims.