Patent Publication Number: US-11645295-B2

Title: Pattern search box

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY UNDER 35 U.S.C. § 119 
     The present application for patent claims priority to Provisional Application No. 62/824,142 entitled “Pattern Search Box” filed Mar. 26, 2019, and assigned to the assignee hereof and hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This disclosure relates generally to the field of searching database, and, in particular, to establishing a pattern search box for searching one or more documents in a database. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In current document files, it is known that many documents with similar or even identical words exist. Thus, with the commonality of words and phrases in different documents or even different versions of the documents, it is time consuming to find an exact document quickly and efficiently. Often, a keyword search could produce a list of many documents with the same word and even include all the various versions of the different documents containing the keyword. This is especially problematic if the keyword used in the search is a common word for a particular application. Additionally, documents may include patterns in their pages that a user would like to use as a search criteria. Thus, there is a need to combine keyword(s) and pattern(s) in searching for documents. 
     SUMMARY 
     The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects of the present disclosure, in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated features of the disclosure, and is intended neither to identify key or critical elements of all aspects of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of any or all aspects of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the disclosure in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. 
     In one aspect, the disclosure provides establishing a pattern search box for searching one or more documents in a database. Accordingly, a method for searching a database for one or more documents with at least one pattern element, the method including dividing a pattern search box into a plurality of sections; inputting the at least one pattern element to one or more of the plurality of sections of the pattern search box; and searching the database for the one or more documents with the at least one pattern element to the one or more of the plurality of sections of the pattern search box to produce a search result. 
     In one example, the method further includes displaying the search result in a result display with at least one display type. In one example, the method further includes inputting a first keyword in a keywords-in-document search box prior to searching the database; inputting a second keyword in a keywords-on-page search box prior to searching the database; and wherein the searching the database uses the at least one pattern element, the first keyword and the second keyword. 
     In one example, the result display comprises more than two display types. In one example, one of the more than two display types presents all documents that include the first keyword, the second keyword and a prescribed characteristic defined in the pattern search box. In one example, one of the more than two display types presents all documents that include the first keyword and a prescribed characteristic defined in the pattern search box. In one example, one of the more than two display types presents all documents that include the second keyword and a prescribed characteristic defined in the pattern search box. In one example, one of the more than two display types presents all documents that include a prescribed characteristic defined in the pattern search box. 
     In one example, the method further includes inputting a first keyword in a keywords-in-document search box prior to searching the database; inputting a second keyword in a keywords-on-page search box prior to searching the database; and wherein the searching the database uses the at least one pattern element, the first keyword and the second keyword. 
     In one example, the method further includes inputting at least one keyword in a keywords-in-document search box prior to searching the database; and wherein the searching the database uses the at least one pattern element and the at least one keyword inputted in the keywords-in-document search box. 
     In one example, the method further includes inputting at least one keyword in a keywords-on-page search box prior to searching the database; and wherein the searching the database uses the at least one pattern element and the at least one keyword inputted in the keywords-on-page search box. 
     These and other aspects of the present disclosure will become more fully understood upon a review of the detailed description, which follows. Other aspects, features, and implementations of the present disclosure will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, upon reviewing the following description of specific, exemplary implementations of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures. While features of the present invention may be discussed relative to certain implementations and figures below, all implementations of the present invention can include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, while one or more implementations may be discussed as having certain advantageous features, one or more of such features may also be used in accordance with the various implementations of the invention discussed herein. In similar fashion, while exemplary implementations may be discussed below as device, system, or method implementations it should be understood that such exemplary implementations can be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    illustrates an example of a pattern search page. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an example result display of a search using the pattern search box. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates an example of a flow diagram for searching a database for one or more documents with one or more pattern elements and displaying a search result on a result display. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts. 
     While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more aspects, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement a methodology in accordance with one or more aspects. 
     The present disclosure relates to establishing a pattern search box for searching one or more documents in a database. In one example, the database includes a plurality of documents, wherein each of the documents may include one or more pages. An object of the search is to find one or more documents with one or more pages that resembles a search page. 
     In one aspect, the searcher establishes a pattern search box by choosing one or more pattern elements that identify the search page.  FIG.  1    illustrates an example of a pattern search page 100. In the pattern search page, the following are included: 
     a pattern search box  110 , 
     a keywords-in-document search box  160 , 
     a keywords-on-page search box  170 , and 
     a list of pattern elements  180 . 
     In one example, the pattern search box  110  is divided into a plurality of sections  120 . As an example, the pattern search box  110  is shown to be divided into six (6) sections  121 ,  122 ,  123 ,  124 ,  125 ,  126 . Each of the sections can be populated by one or more pattern elements  180 . Examples of pattern elements  180  include text, pictures/drawings (which may include photos), tables, charts/graphs, video clips and/or audio clips. 
     One skilled in the art would understand that the list of pattern elements shown in  FIG.  1    is not exclusive, and the list may include other pattern elements not explicitly listed herein. Also, in another example, the pattern elements listed in  FIG.  1    may not all be included. One skilled in the art would understand that although six sections are shown in  FIG.  1   , the quantity of sections may vary within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     In one example, a user populates one or more sections with one or more pattern elements  180 . In the example shown, the pattern search box  110  is populated with three pattern elements: text, picture and table. As shown in  FIG.  1   , the pattern element “Text” populates sections  121  and  124 , the pattern element “Picture” populates section  125 , and the pattern element “Table” populates section  123 . In one example, a document with one or more pages that includes the pattern elements in the populated sections will be included in the search result even if none of the keywords in the keywords-in-document search box  160  is found. In another example, a document with one or more pages that includes the pattern elements in the populated sections will be included in the search result even if none of the keywords in the keywords-on-page search box  170 . 
     In yet another example, a document with one or more pages that includes the pattern elements in the populated sections will be included in the search result only if the keyword (s) in the keywords-in-document search box  160  and/or the keyword(s) in the keywords-on-page search box  170  is found. In one example, a user has the option of choosing if the keywords-in-document search box  160  or the keyword(s) in the keywords-on-page search box  170  are optional or required for a document to be included in the search result. 
     In one example, one or more keywords may be entered in the keywords-in-document search box  160 . If one or more keywords are entered in the keywords-in-document search box  160 , then any search result of documents would include only documents in the database that have the one or more keywords entered in the keywords-in-document search box  160 . In one example, entering one or more keywords in the keywords-in-document search box  160  is optional. 
     In one example, one or more keywords may be entered in the keywords-on-page search box  170 . If one or more keywords are entered in the keywords-on-page search box  170 , then any search result of documents would include only documents in the database that have the one or more keywords entered in the keywords-on-page search box  170  that appears on a page that has the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110 . In one example, entering one or more keywords in the keywords-on-page search box  170  is optional. 
     In one example, if no keyword is entered in both the keywords-in-document search box  160  or the keywords-on-page search box  170 , then the search is confined to finding documents with one or more pages that have the characteristics of the pattern search box  110 . 
     The term “keyword” for inputting in the keywords-in-document search box  160  may include terms for searching that are found in the metadata. That is, in one example, a keyword that is entered into the keywords-in-document search box  160  is searched in not only the content of the documents in the database, but also the metadata associated with the documents in the database being searched. Metadata may include the title and other information associated with the documents. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates an example result display  200  of a search using the pattern search box. In one example, the result display includes four display types  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240 . In display type  210 , presented are all documents that satisfy the keyword requirement of the keywords-in-document search box  160 , the keyword requirement of the keywords-on-page search box  170  and the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110 . That is, all the documents presented in display type  210  includes the one or more keywords entered in the keywords-in-document search box  160 , and includes the one or more keywords entered in the keywords-on-page search box  170 . In addition, all the documents presented in the display type  210  include one or more pages with the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110 . For example, if the prescribed characteristics is the example shown in the pattern search box  110  of  FIG.  1   , then all the documents in display type  210  must include one or more pages with text appearing in sections  121  and  124 , a picture in section  125  and a table in section  123 . 
     In one example, the documents in the result display  200  are presented in common image format (CIF). In one example, the CIF representation of each document in the result display  200  shows one of the pages that satisfies the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110 . In one example, the documents in the result display  200  are presented in scaled original document format (e.g., WORD, Excel, Power Point, PDF, Web page, drawing, etc.). In one example, a page of the document that satisfies the criteria of the display type (e.g., display type  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240 ) is the page that is displayed as a representation of the document found in the search. In one example, the first page of the document that satisfies the criteria of a display type is shown as a representative of the document in the display type. 
       FIG.  2    shows that there are X quantity of documents that are displayed in display type  210 . One skilled in the art would understand that the quantity X can be 1 document or multiple documents. 
     In display type  220 , presented are all documents that satisfy the keyword requirement of the keywords-on-page search box  170  and the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110 . However, the documents presented in display type  220  do not satisfy all the keyword requirement of the keywords-in-document search box  160 . Word Box  222  lists the keyword(s) entered into the keywords-in-document search box  160  that is not found in each of the documents presented in display type  220 . In one example, since there are M quantity of documents in the display type  220 , Word Box  222  is divided into M partitions with partition  222   1  corresponding to document 1 and partition  222   M  corresponding to document M of display type  220 . In one example, the user may chose to display only the Word Box  222  in display type  220 . 
     That is, each of the documents presented in display type  220  includes the one or more keywords entered in the keywords-on-page search box  170  and may or may not include the keyword(s) entered in the keywords-in-document search box  160 . In addition, all the documents presented in the display type  220  include one or more pages with the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110 . For example, if the prescribed characteristics are the example shown in the pattern search box  110  of  FIG.  1   , then all the documents in display type  220  must include one or more pages with text appearing in sections  121  and  124 , a picture in section  125  and a table in section  123 . 
     In one example, the display type  220 , “Word A 1 ” through “Word Z 1 ” represent the keywords entered in keywords-in-document search box  160  that do not appear in Document 1 of display type  220 . In display type  220 , “Word A M ” through “Word Z M ” represent the keywords entered in keywords-in-document search box  160  that do not appear in Document M of display type  220 . Each document from Document 1 through Document M includes a corresponding Word Box. In yet another example, each Word Box that correspond to one document of the Document 1 through Document M may include multiple pages, wherein each of the multiple pages correspond to a page of the one document. For example, Document 1 includes 5 pages, then the Word Box  222   1  would include 5 pages with each page of the Word Box  222   1  corresponding to each page of Document 1. Thus, in this example, page 3 of Word Box  222   1  would the keywords-in-document search box  160  that do not appear on page 3 of Document 1. 
     In another example, the display type  220 , “Word A 1 ” through “Word Z 1 ” represent the keywords entered in keywords-in-document search box  160  that do appear in Document 1 of display type  220 . In display type  220 , “Word A M ” through “Word Z M ” represent the keywords entered in keywords-in-document search box  160  that do appear in Document M of display type  220 . Each document from Document 1 through Document M includes a corresponding Word Box. In yet another example, each Word Box that correspond to one document of the Document 1 through Document M may include multiple pages, wherein each of the multiple pages correspond to a page of the one document. For example, Document 1 includes 5 pages, then the Word Box  222   1  would include 5 pages with each page of the Word Box  222   1  corresponding to each page of Document 1. Thus, in this example, page 3 of Word Box  222   1  would the keywords-in-document search box  160  that do appear on page 3 of Document 1. 
       FIG.  2    shows that there are M quantity of documents that are displayed in display type  220 . However, one skilled in the art would understand that the quantity M can be 1 document or multiple documents. 
     In display type  230 , presented are all documents that satisfy the keyword requirement of the keywords-in-document search box  160  and the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110 . However, the documents presented in display type  230  do not satisfy all the keyword requirement of the keywords-on-page search box  170 . Word Box  232  lists the keyword(s) entered into the keywords-on-page search box  170  that is not found in each of the documents presented in display type  230 . In one example, since there are N quantity of documents in the display type  230 , Word Box  232  is divided into N partitions with partition  232   1  corresponding to document 1 and partition  232   N  corresponding to document N of display type  230 . 
     That is, each of the documents presented in display type  230  includes the one or more keywords entered in the keywords-in-document search box  160  and may or may not include the keyword(s) entered in the keywords-on-page search box  170 . In addition, all the documents presented in the display type  230  include one or more pages with the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110 . For example, if the prescribed characteristics is the example shown in the pattern search box  110  of  FIG.  1   , then all the documents in display type  230  must include one or more pages with text appearing in sections  121  and  124 , a picture in section  125  and a table in section  123 . 
     In one example, the display type  230 , “Word AA 1 ” through “Word ZZ 1 ” represent the keywords entered in keywords-on-page search box  170  that do not appear in Document 1 of display type  230 . In display type  230 , “Word AA N ” through “Word ZZ N ” represent the keywords entered in keywords-on-page search box  170  that do not appear in Document N of display type  230 . Each document from Document 1 through Document M includes a corresponding Word Box. In yet another example, each Word Box that correspond to one document of the Document 1 through Document M may include multiple pages, wherein each of the multiple pages correspond to a page of the one document. For example, Document 1 includes 5 pages, then the Word Box  222   1  would include 5 pages with each page of the Word Box  222   1  corresponding to each page of Document 1. Thus, in this example, page 3 of Word Box  222   1  would the keywords-on-page search box  170  that do not appear on page 3 of Document 1. 
     In another example, the display type  230 , “Word AA 1 ” through “Word ZZ 1 ” represent the keywords entered in keywords-on-page search box  170  that do appear in Document 1 of display type  230 . In display type  230 , “Word AA N ” through “Word ZZ N ” represent the keywords entered in keywords-on-page search box  170  that do appear in Document N of display type  230 . Each document from Document 1 through Document M includes a corresponding Word Box. In yet another example, each Word Box that correspond to one document of the Document 1 through Document M may include multiple pages, wherein each of the multiple pages correspond to a page of the one document. For example, Document 1 includes 5 pages, then the Word Box  222   1  would include 5 pages with each page of the Word Box  222   1  corresponding to each page of Document 1. Thus, in this example, page 3 of Word Box  222   1  would the keywords-on-page search box  170  that do appear on page 3 of Document 1. 
       FIG.  2    shows that there are N quantity of documents that are displayed in display type  230 . However, one skilled in the art would understand that the quantity N can be 1 document or multiple documents. 
     In display type  240 , presented are all documents that satisfy the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110 , but do not satisfy the keyword requirement of the keywords-in-document search box  160  and the keyword requirement of the keywords-on-page search box  170 . 
     That is, all the documents presented in display type  240  do not include any of the keywords entered in the keywords-in-document search box  160 , and do not include any of the keywords entered in the keywords-on-page search box  170 . But, all the documents presented in the display type  240  include one or more pages with the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110 . For example, if the prescribed characteristics is the example shown in the pattern search box  110  of  FIG.  1   , then all the documents in display type  240  must include one or more pages with text appearing in sections  121  and  124 , a picture in section  125  and a table in section  123 . 
       FIG.  2    shows that there are Q quantity of documents that are displayed in display type  240 . However, one skilled in the art would understand that the quantity Q can be 1 document or multiple documents. 
     In one example, some (but not all) of the keywords entered in the keywords-in-document search box  160 , and some (but not all) of the keywords entered in the keywords-on-page search box  170  are found in the documents presented in a display result. In this example, the display type may include two Word Boxes to correspond to each document displayed in the display type. A first Word Box for a particular document presents the word(s) of the keywords-in-document search box  160  not found in the particular document while a second Word Box for the particular document presents the word(s) of the keywords-on-page search box  170  not found in the pages of the particular document. 
     In an alternative example, the display type may include two Word Boxes to correspond to each document displayed in the display type with a first Word Box for a particular document presents the word(s) of the keywords-in-document search box  160  found in the particular document and a second Word Box for the particular document presents the word(s) of the keywords-on-page search box  170  found in the pages of the particular document. In one example, the second Word Box may include multiple pages to correspondent to the quantity of pages of the particular document. 
     In one example, each of the four display types  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240  of the result display shown in  FIG.  2    is associated with an enabling/disabling option whereby the display type may be disabled so that it is not displayed. For example if display types  220  and  230  are disabled and display types  210  and  240  are enabled, then the result display  200  would only show display types  210  and  240 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  2   , presentation (i.e., displaying) the Word Boxes is optional. In the example of  FIG.  2   , one or more pattern element may be specified without the specification of a section in the pattern search box. That is, the pattern element(s) that is specified without an associated section need only appear in a page of a document for the document to be presented in the search result. 
     In one example, the matching of a page in a document to the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110  need not be exact. That is, partial matching may be defined by the user. For example, a user may have the option to define that a particular pattern element in a plurality of pattern elements in the pattern search box  110  may be optional for a particular section or sections. 
     In one example, the presentation of documents in the display type may be subject to a presentation order. The presentation order may be predefined or may be defined by a user prior to the start of each search session. An example of a presentation order may be that a document with the most exact matching of the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110  and with the most quantity of keywords-in-document search box  160  and the most quantity of keywords-on-page search box  170  are presented in the result display  200  first or more prominently than another document with less exact matching of the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110  and with less quantity of keywords-in-document search box  160  and/or less quantity of keywords-on-page search box  170 . 
     In one example, a presentation order may be weighted based on how 1) closely matched the pages in a document are to the prescribed characteristics defined in the pattern search box  110 ; 2) how many of the keywords in the keywords-in-document search box  160  are found in the document; and/or 3) how many of the keywords in the keywords-on-page search box  170  are found in the document. In one example, a weighting function may apply to the above three requirements to determine the presentation order. 
     In one example, if a document has a first page that meets the criteria of being displayed in display type  210 , a second page that meets the criteria of being displayed in display type  220 , a third page that meets the criteria of being displayed in display type  230  and/or a fourth page that meets the criteria of being displayed in display type  240 , that document may only appear in one of the four display types. In one example, the display type that meets the most criteria for searching is where the document will be presented. In another example, a user may choose the display type for the document. 
     In one example, the display of a document will include all pages of the document that meet the search criteria for the display type that the document will be displayed in. 
     In one example, the display of a document will include all pages of the document that meet the search criteria for all display types even though the document is being displayed in the window of one display type. As an example for illustration only, if a document includes a first page that meets the criteria for displaying in display type  210 , a second page that meets the criteria for displaying in display type  220  and a third page that meets the criteria for displaying in display type  230 , the document may be displayed in display type  210  showing the first, the second and the third page. One skilled in the art would understand that other examples for displaying when different pages of a document meets the different criteria of the different display types are also within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates an example of a flow diagram  300  for searching a database for one or more documents with one or more pattern elements and displaying a search result on a result display. 
     In box  310 , input at least one keyword in a keywords-in-document search box. In one example, the at least one keyword must appear in a document for the document to be included in a search result. 
     In box  320 , input at least one keyword in a keywords-on-page search box. In one example, the at least one keyword must appear in a page of a document for the document to be included in a search result. 
     In box  330 , divide a pattern search box into a plurality of sections. In on example, a user may construct the borders of each of the plurality of sections in the pattern search box. In one example, one of the plurality of sections may have different border shapes and/or a different size (i.e., area foot print) to another of the plurality of sections. 
     In box  340 , input at least one pattern element to one or more of the plurality of sections of the pattern search box. 
     In box  350 , search the database for the one or more documents with the at least one pattern element to the one or more of the plurality of sections of the pattern search box to produce an intermediate search result. In one example, the intermediate search result includes all documents in the database that include at least one page with the at least one pattern element located on the one or more of the plurality of sections of the pattern search box. 
     In box  360 , search the intermediate search result for the one or more documents with either the at least one keyword in the keywords-in-document search box or the at least one keyword in the keywords-on-page search box to produce a search result. In one example, the search result includes only documents in the intermediate search result that includes either at least one keyword in the document that has been entered in the keywords-in-document search box and/or at least one keyword in a page of the document that has been entered in the keywords-on-page search box. 
     In box  370 , display the search result in a result display wherein each document of the search result is displayed in either a common image format (CIF) or in a scaled original document format. In one example, the result display includes one or more of the display types  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240  as disclosed in  FIG.  2   . 
     In one aspect, one or more of the steps for searching documents with one or more pattern elements and displaying a search result on a result display in  FIG.  3    may be executed by one or more processors which may include hardware, software, firmware, etc. In one aspect, one or more of the steps illustrated in  FIG.  3    may be executed by one or more processors which may include hardware, software, firmware, etc. The one or more processors, for example, may be used to execute software or firmware needed to perform the steps in the flow diagram of  FIG.  3   . Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. 
     The software may reside on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes, by way of example, a magnetic storage device (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strip), an optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (CD) or a digital versatile disc (DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, or a key drive), a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), a register, a removable disk, and any other suitable medium for storing software and/or instructions that may be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium may also include, by way of example, a carrier wave, a transmission line, and any other suitable medium for transmitting software and/or instructions that may be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium may reside in a processing system, external to the processing system, or distributed across multiple entities including the processing system. The computer-readable medium may be embodied in a computer program product. By way of example, a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium in packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may include software or firmware for searching documents with one or more pattern elements and displaying a search result on a result display. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system. 
     Any circuitry included in the processor(s) is merely provided as an example, and other means for carrying out the described functions may be included within various aspects of the present disclosure, including but not limited to the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium, or any other suitable apparatus or means described herein, and utilizing, for example, the processes and/or algorithms described herein in relation to the example flow diagram. 
     Within the present disclosure, the word “exemplary” is used to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation or aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects of the disclosure. Likewise, the term “aspects” does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation. The term “coupled” is used herein to refer to the direct or indirect coupling between two objects. For example, if object A physically touches object B, and object B touches object C, then objects A and C may still be considered coupled to one another—even if they do not directly physically touch each other. For instance, a first die may be coupled to a second die in a package even though the first die is never directly physically in contact with the second die. The terms “circuit” and “circuitry” are used broadly, and intended to include both hardware implementations of electrical devices and conductors that, when connected and configured, enable the performance of the functions described in the present disclosure, without limitation as to the type of electronic circuits, as well as software implementations of information and instructions that, when executed by a processor, enable the performance of the functions described in the present disclosure. 
     One or more of the components, steps, features and/or functions illustrated in the figures may be rearranged and/or combined into a single component, step, feature or function or embodied in several components, steps, or functions. Additional elements, components, steps, and/or functions may also be added without departing from novel features disclosed herein. The apparatus, devices, and/or components illustrated in the figures may be configured to perform one or more of the methods, features, or steps described herein. The novel algorithms described herein may also be efficiently implemented in software and/or embedded in hardware. 
     It is to be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed is an illustration of exemplary processes. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods may be rearranged. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless specifically recited therein. 
     The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. A phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a; b; c; a and b; a and c; b and c; and a, b and c. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase “step for.”