Patent Publication Number: US-2021195559-A1

Title: Physical downlink control channel candidates related to physical downlink control channel repetitions

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE 
     The present application for patent claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/952,211 by KHOSHNEVISAN et al., entitled “PHYSICAL DOWNLINK CONTROL CHANNEL CANDIDATES RELATED TO PHYSICAL DOWNLINK CONTROL CHANNEL REPETITIONS,” filed Dec. 20, 2019, assigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY 
     The following relates generally to wireless communications and more specifically to physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) candidates related to PDCCH repetitions. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE). 
     SUMMARY 
     Various aspects of the described techniques relate to configuring a communication device, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE), to support repetition of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) information in fifth generation (5G) systems. The described techniques may also be used to configure the communication device to support a combined PDCCH candidate, which may relate to multiple search space sets. The described techniques may be used to configure the communication device to monitor for and decode the combined PDCCH candidate in addition to individual PDCCH candidates related to the multiple search space sets. In some examples, the communication device may monitor for and decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on one or more factors, such as a PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or a control resource threshold (e.g., a control channel element (CCE) limit), or both. 
     The described techniques may be used to configure the communication device to determine how the combined PDCCH candidate impacts the PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or the control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both. The communication device may thus include or exclude the combined PDCCH candidate from a blind decoding operation. Thereby the communication device may provide increased flexibility for control information and improvements to the reliability of PDCCH in 5G systems. The described techniques may include features for improvements to power consumption and, in some examples, may promote enhanced efficiency for high reliability and low latency operations in 5G systems, among other benefits. 
     A method of wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include combining a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate, assigning an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates, where the additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate, and monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate based on the assigning. 
     An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to combine a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate, assign an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates, where the additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate, and decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the assigning. 
     Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for combining a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate, assigning an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates, where the additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate, and monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate based on the assigning. 
     A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to combine a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate, assign an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates, where the additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate, and decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the assigning. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the set of PDCCH candidates including the additional PDCCH candidate, the first PDCCH candidate, the second PDCCH candidate, and the combined PDCCH candidate satisfies a threshold, the threshold including a threshold number of PDCCH candidates within a time interval, and where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate may be based on the set of PDCCH candidates including the additional PDCCH candidate satisfying the threshold. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a first control resource set associated with the first search space set, identifying a first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate may be based on the first pool index configuration, and determining a threshold for PDCCH candidates in the first control resource set associated with the first pool index configuration. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a second control resource set associated with the second search space set, identifying a second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate may be based on the second pool index configuration, and determining a threshold for PDCCH candidates in the second control resource set associated with the second pool index configuration. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the first pool index configuration may be different than the second pool index configuration, and assigning the additional PDCCH candidate to the first pool index configuration, or the second pool index configuration, or both, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate may be based on determining that the first pool index configuration may be different than the second pool index configuration. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the first pool index configuration and the second pool index configuration may have a same pool index configuration, assigning the additional PDCCH candidate to the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set or the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set, and where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate may be based on determining that the first pool index configuration and the second pool index configuration may have the same pool index configuration. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying that the UE may be configured with a number of PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates including the additional PDCCH candidate, determining that the number of PDCCH candidates satisfies a threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for a primary serving cell or a threshold number of CCEs for the primary serving cell, or both, and where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate may be based on the number of PDCCH candidates satisfying the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell or the threshold number of CCEs for the primary serving cell, or both. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying blind decoding PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates or CCEs in the set of PDCCH candidates, or both associated with a common search space set, and excluding the blind decoding PDCCH candidates or the CCEs, or both associated with the common search space set from the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell or the threshold number of CCEs for the primary serving cell, or both. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a UE-specific search space set associated with a lowest search space index, identifying a number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates or a number of CCEs, or both associated with the UE-specific search space set, and where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate may be based on the number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates or the number of CCEs, or both associated with the UE-specific search space set. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a remainder of PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on the excluding, determining a difference between the remainder of PDCCH candidates and the number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates associated with the UE-specific search space set, and allocating the remainder of PDCCH candidates and applying the number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates associated with the UE-specific search space set to the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set may be different than the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set, determining that the combined PDCCH candidate may be for a UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell, and applying the combined PDCCH candidate to the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate may be based on the applying. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combined PDCCH candidate is allocated to the UE based at least in part on determining that the first pool index configuration is different than the second pool index configuration and that the combined PDCCH candidate is for a UE-specific search space. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combined PDCCH is counted for overbooking of PDCCH candidates for the primary search cell and satisfies a threshold number of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combined PDCCH candidate may be counted for overbooking of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combined PDCCH candidate may be allocated, based on determining that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set may be different than the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set, to the UE and satisfies the threshold number of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combined PDCCH candidate may be allocated, based on determining that the combined PDCCH candidate may be for the UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell, to the UE and satisfies the threshold number of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set and the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set may have a same pool index configuration, and determining that the combined PDCCH candidate may be for a UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate may be based on the UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for excluding the combined PDCCH candidate from the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell based on one or more of that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set and the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set may have the same pool index configuration, or that the combined PDCCH candidate may be for the UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell, or both. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combined PDCCH candidate is not counted for overbooking of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combined PDCCH candidate may be not counted for overbooking of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a first priority associated with a first search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate, and determining a second priority associated with a second search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate may be based on the first priority or the second priority, or both. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a sum of the first search space set index and the second search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate, determining that the first search space set index or the second search space set index is a lowest or a highest search space set index of a set of search space set indices, and ordering the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based at least in part on the first priority associated with the first search space set index, the second priority associated with the second search space set index, the lowest or the highest search space index of the combined PDCCH candidate, the sum of the first search space set index and the second search space set index, or any combination thereof, wherein monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based at least in part on the first priority, the second priority, the ordering, or any combination thereof. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for ordering the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on the first priority associated with the first search space set index or the second priority associated with the second search space set index, or both of the combined PDCCH candidate. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first search space set index or the second search space set index may be a lowest search space set index of a set of search space set indices, where ordering the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates may be based on the lowest search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first search space set index or the second search space set index may be a highest search space set index of a set of search space set indices, where ordering the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates may be based on the highest search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a sum of the first search space set index and the second search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate, where ordering the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates may be based on the sum. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combined PDCCH candidate may be defined over one or more search space indices of a set of search space set indices. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for ordering jointly the combined PDCCH candidate and one or more PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on corresponding search space set indices associated with the combined PDCCH candidate and search space set indices associated with the one or more PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates, wherein the search space set indices associated with the combined PDCCH candidate have a higher priority than the search space set indices associated with the one or more PDCCH candidates. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the search space set indices associated with the combined PDCCH candidate may have a higher priority than the search space set indices associated with the one or more PDCCH candidates. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for ordering the combined PDCCH candidate based on a sum of search space indices of the combined PDCCH candidate. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a PDCCH demodulation reference signal scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate, and where the PDCCH demodulation reference signal scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate may have a same value as a PDCCH demodulation reference signal scrambling identifier associated with the first search space set or the second search space set, or both. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for refraining from separately counting CCEs of the combined PDCCH candidate for a nonoverlapping control channel threshold per slot. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that a PDCCH demodulation reference signal scrambling identifier associated with the first search space set or the second search space set, or both, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based at least in part on the determining. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate may be based on determining that the PDCCH demodulation reference signal scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate may be different than the PDCCH demodulation reference signal scrambling identifier associated with the first search space set or the second search space set, or both. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for separately counting CCEs of the combined PDCCH candidate for a nonoverlapping control channel threshold per slot. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first search space set may be different than the second search space set. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for combining the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate may be based on a capability of the UE. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates within a time interval may be based on the capability of the UE. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates may be per slot or PDCCH span. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates may be per PDCCH span. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first search space set and the second search space set may have a same search space type. 
     A method of wireless communication at a base station is described. The method may include configuring an association between a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate and transmitting an indication of the association between the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate. 
     An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to configure an association between a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate and transmit an indication of the association between the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate. 
     Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for configuring an association between a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate and transmitting an indication of the association between the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate. 
     A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a base station is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to configure an association between a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate and transmit an indication of the association between the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for configuring a priority between the first PDCCH candidate corresponding to the first search space set and the second PDCCH candidate corresponding to the second search space set, the threshold number of PDCCH candidates within the time interval is per slot or PDCCH span, and transmitting a second indication of the priority between the first PDCCH candidate corresponding to the first search space set and the second PDCCH candidate corresponding to the second search space set. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for allocating PDCCH candidates to a set of PDCCH candidates, and transmitting a second indication of the allocated PDCCH candidates of the set of PDCCH candidates. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a UE capability, configuring a threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates within a time interval based on the UE capability, and transmitting a second indication of the threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a threshold number of PDCCH candidates within the time interval may be per slot. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a threshold number of PDCCH candidates within the time interval may be per PDCCH span. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first search space set may be different than the second search space set. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a first control resource set associated with the first search space set may have a different pool index configuration than a second control resource set associated with the second search space set. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a first control resource set associated with the first search space set and a second control resource set associated with the second search space set may have a same pool index configuration. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first search space set and the second search space set may have a same search space type. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1 and 2  illustrate examples of a wireless communications system that support physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an example of a process flow that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 4 and 5  show block diagrams of devices that support PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  shows a block diagram of a UE communications manager that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 8 and 9  show block diagrams of devices that support PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  shows a block diagram of a base station communications manager that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 11  shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 12 through 16  show flowcharts illustrating methods that support PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Wireless communications systems may include multiple communication devices such as user equipment (UEs) and base stations, which may provide wireless communication services to the UEs. For example, such base stations may be next-generation NodeBs or giga-NodeBs (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) that may support multiple radio access technologies including fourth generation (4G) systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, as well as fifth generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. The described techniques may be used to configure the UEs to support repetition of various physical channels, such as physical downlink shared channels (PDSCH) to improve reliability of various types of communication. In some examples, the described techniques may be used to configure the UEs to support repetition of other physical channels, such as physical downlink control channels (PDCCH) to extend the reliability of the various types of communication (e.g., control information, data). 
     The described techniques may be used to configure the UEs to support a combined PDCCH candidate, which may relate to multiple search space sets. For example, a UE may combine a PDCCH candidate corresponding to a search space set and another PDCCH candidate corresponding to another search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The described techniques may be used to configure the UEs to monitor for and decode the combined PDCCH candidate in addition to individual PDCCH candidates related to the multiple search space sets. In some examples, the UEs may monitor for and decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on one or more factors, such as a PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or a control resource threshold (e.g., a control channel element (CCE) limit), or both. 
     In some examples, the described techniques may be used to configure the UEs to determine how the combined PDCCH candidate may impact the PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or the control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both. The UEs may thus include or exclude the combined PDCCH candidate from a blind decoding operation. Thereby the UEs may provide extended flexibility for control information and improvements to the reliability of PDCCH in 5G systems. The described techniques may include features for improvements to power consumption and, in some examples, may promote enhanced efficiency for high reliability and low latency operations in 5G systems, among other benefits. 
     Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to process flows that illustrate PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a wireless communications system  100  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system  100  may include one or more base stations  105 , one or more UEs  115 , and a core network  130 . In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof. 
     The base stations  105  may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system  100  and may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. The base stations  105  and the UEs  115  may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links  125 . Each base station  105  may provide a coverage area  110  over which the UEs  115  and the base station  105  may establish one or more communication links  125 . The coverage area  110  may be an example of a geographic area over which a base station  105  and a UE  115  may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies. 
     The UEs  115  may be dispersed throughout a coverage area  110  of the wireless communications system  100 , and each UE  115  may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs  115  may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs  115  are illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The UEs  115  described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs  115 , the base stations  105 , or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relay devices, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment), as shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     The base stations  105  may communicate with the core network  130 , or with one another, or both. For example, the base stations  105  may interface with the core network  130  through one or more backhaul links  120  (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or other interface). The base stations  105  may communicate with one another over the backhaul links  120  (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations  105 ), or indirectly (e.g., via core network  130 ), or both. In some examples, the backhaul links  120  may be or include one or more wireless links. 
     One or more of the base stations  105  described herein may include or may be referred to by a person having ordinary skill in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology. 
     A UE  115  may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE  115  may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE  115  may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples. 
     The UEs  115  described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs  115  that may sometimes act as relays as well as the base stations  105  and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in  FIG. 1 . The UEs  115  and the base stations  105  may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links  125  over one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links  125 . For example, a carrier used for a communication link  125  may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system  100  may support communication with a UE  115  using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE  115  may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. 
     In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration), a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN)) and may be positioned according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs  115 . A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode where initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs  115  via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode where a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different radio access technology). 
     The communication links  125  shown in the wireless communications system  100  may include uplink transmissions from a UE  115  to a base station  105 , or downlink transmissions from a base station  105  to a UE  115 . Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode). A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system  100 . For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a number of determined bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz)). Devices of the wireless communications system  100  (e.g., the base stations  105 , the UEs  115 , or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications over a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications over one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may include base stations  105  or UEs  115  that support simultaneous communications via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE  115  may be configured for operating over portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth. 
     Signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may consist of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Thus, the more resource elements that a UE  115  receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be for the UE  115 . A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of a radio frequency spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE  115 . 
     One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, where a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE  115  may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE  115  may be restricted to one or more active BWPs. The time intervals for the base stations  105  or the UEs  115  may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of T s =1/(Δf max −N f ) seconds, where Δf max  may represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and N f  may represent the maximum supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023). 
     Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of slots, and the number of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). A slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., N f ) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation. A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system  100  and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system  100  may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)). 
     Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set) for a physical control channel may be defined by a number of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions may be configured for a set of the UEs  115 . For example, one or more of the UEs  115  may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to a number of control channel resources (e.g., CCEs) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs  115  and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE  115 . 
     The UEs  115  may support repetition of various physical channels, such as PDSCH to improve reliability of various types of communication. In some examples, the UEs  115  may support repetition of other physical channels, such as PDCCH to extend the reliability of the various types of communication (e.g., control information, data). The UEs  115  may also support a combined PDCCH candidate, which may relate to multiple search space sets. For example, a UE  115  may combine a PDCCH candidate corresponding to a search space set and another PDCCH candidate corresponding to another search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The UEs  115  may monitor for and decode the combined PDCCH candidate in addition to individual PDCCH candidates related to the multiple search space sets. In some examples, the UEs  115  may monitor for and decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on one or more factors, such as a PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or a control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both. In some examples, the UEs  115  may determine how the combined PDCCH candidate may impact the PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or the control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both. The UEs  115  may thus include or exclude the combined PDCCH candidate from a blind decoding operation. Thereby the UEs  115  may provide extended flexibility for control information and improvements to the reliability of PDCCH in 5G systems, such as the wireless communications system  100 . 
     Each base station  105  may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station  105  (e.g., over a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or others). In some examples, a cell may also refer to a geographic coverage area  110  or a portion of a geographic coverage area  110  (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the base station  105 . For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with geographic coverage areas  110 , among other examples. 
     A macro cell covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs  115  with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower-powered base station  105 , as compared with a macro cell, and a small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs  115  with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs  115  having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs  115  in a closed subscriber group (CSG), the UEs  115  associated with users in a home or office). A base station  105  may support one or multiple cells and may also support communications over the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers. In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access for different types of devices. 
     In some examples, a base station  105  may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographic coverage area  110 . In some examples, different geographic coverage areas  110  associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas  110  may be supported by the same base station  105 . In other examples, the overlapping geographic coverage areas  110  associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations  105 . The wireless communications system  100  may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the base stations  105  provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas  110  using the same or different radio access technologies. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations  105  may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations  105  may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations  105  may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations  105  may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations. 
     Some UEs  115 , such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a base station  105  without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that makes use of the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs  115  may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging. 
     Some UEs  115  may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception simultaneously). In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs  115  include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs  115  may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system  100  may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) or mission critical communications. The UEs  115  may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions (e.g., mission critical functions). Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more mission critical services such as mission critical push-to-talk (MCPTT), mission critical video (MCVideo), or mission critical data (MCData). Support for mission critical functions may include prioritization of services, and mission critical services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, mission critical, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein. 
     In some examples, a UE  115  may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs  115  over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link  135  (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol). One or more UEs  115  utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage area  110  of a base station  105 . Other UEs  115  in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area  110  of a base station  105  or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station  105 . In some examples, groups of the UEs  115  communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each UE  115  transmits to every other UE  115  in the group. In some examples, a base station  105  facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications are carried out between the UEs  115  without the involvement of a base station  105 . 
     The D2D communication link  135  may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs  115 ). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations  105 ) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both. 
     The core network  130  may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network  130  may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs  115  served by the base stations  105  associated with the core network  130 . User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the network operators IP services  150 . The operators IP services  150  may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service. 
     Some of the network devices, such as a base station  105 , may include subcomponents such as an access network entity  140 , which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity  140  may communicate with the UEs  115  through one or more other access network transmission entities  145 , which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission/reception points (TRPs). Each access network transmission entity  145  may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, various functions of each access network entity  140  or base station  105  may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station  105 ). 
     The wireless communications system  100  may operate using one or more frequency bands, in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). The region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. The UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs  115  located indoors. The transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz), also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs  115  and the base stations  105 , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system  100  may employ License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, devices such as the base stations  105  and the UEs  115  may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples. 
     A base station  105  or a UE  115  may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a base station  105  or a UE  115  may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station  105  may be located in diverse geographic locations. A base station  105  may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station  105  may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE  115 . Likewise, a UE  115  may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, an antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port. 
     The base stations  105  or the UEs  115  may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase the spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices. 
     Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a base station  105 , a UE  115 ) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation). 
     A base station  105  or a UE  115  may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beam forming operations. For example, a base station  105  may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE  115 . Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a base station  105  multiple times in different directions. For example, the base station  105  may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a base station  105 , or by a receiving device, such as a UE  115 ) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the base station  105 . 
     Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station  105  in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE  115 ). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, a UE  115  may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station  105  in different directions and may report to the base station  105  an indication of the signal that the UE  115  received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality. 
     In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a base station  105  or a UE  115 ) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a base station  105  to a UE  115 ). The UE  115  may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The base station  105  may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)), which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE  115  may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station  105 , a UE  115  may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE  115 ) or for transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device). 
     A receiving device (e.g., a UE  115 ) may try multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from the base station  105 , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned in a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions). 
     The wireless communications system  100  may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE  115  and a base station  105  or a core network  130  supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the physical layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels. 
     The UEs  115  and the base stations  105  may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly over a communication link  125 . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions). In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, where the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received in a previous symbol in the slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a wireless communications system  200  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communications system  200  may implement aspects of the wireless communications system  100 . For example, the wireless communications system  200  may include a base station  105  and a UE  115  within a geographic coverage area  110 . The base station  105  and the UE  115  may be examples of the corresponding devices described with reference to  FIG. 1 . In some examples, the wireless communications system  200  may support multiple radio access technologies including 4G systems such as LTE systems, LTE-A systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and 5G systems which may be referred to as NR systems. The wireless communications system  200  may support improvements to power consumption, spectral efficiency, higher data rates and, in some examples, may promote enhanced efficiency for high reliability and low latency search space operations, among other benefits. 
     The base station  105  may configure the UE  115  by transmitting a configuration message  210  via one or more directional beams  205  (e.g., downlink directional beams). In some examples, the base station  105  may transmit the configuration message  210  on a downlink channel (e.g., a PDCCH) via the one or more directional beams  205 . The configuration message  210  may include a configuration of one or more multiple search space sets. For example, the configuration may define a search space set for a downlink control channel (e.g., a PDCCH). In some examples, the configuration may be a semi-static configuration. The base station  105  may provide the semi-static configuration to the UE  115  via RRC signaling. Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105  may provide the configuration of the one or more multiple search space sets via downlink control signaling. 
     A search space set may include a common search space set configured for multiple UEs or a specific search space set configured for a specific UE (e.g., for the UE  115 ). The UE  115  may monitor one or more control regions of a search space set to receive, from the base station  105 , and decode control information or data, or both on a physical channel (e.g., a PDCCH, a PDSCH). A control region (e.g., a control resource set) for a physical channel may be defined by a number of symbol durations, a number of minislot durations, or a number of slot durations. One or more control regions (e.g., one or more control resource sets) may be configured for multiple UEs. For example, multiple UEs may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates (e.g., PDCCH candidates) in one or more aggregation levels. An aggregation level for a PDCCH candidate may refer to a number of control channel resources (e.g., CCEs). 
     In some examples, such as in 5G systems, the base station  105  may configure the UE  115  with one or multiple PDCCH candidates in a search space set. The UE  115  may, in some examples, experience a decrease in efficiency of blind decoding of the one or multiple PDCCH candidates in the search space set. That is, some of the one or multiple PDCCH candidates in the search space may not be useful to the UE  115  due to communication operations by the base station  105 , and therefore decrease the efficiency of blind decoding by the UE  115 . The communication operations may include control information or data, or both associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels). Control channels may include a PDCCH, a physical control channel may include physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), among other examples. Data channels may include a PDSCH, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), among other examples. 
     The wireless communications system  200  may, in some cases, support repetition of various physical channels, such as PDSCH, to improve reliability of various types of communication. The wireless communications system  200  may also support repetition of other physical channels, such as PDCCH to further improve the reliability of the various types of communication (e.g., control information, data) in the wireless communications system  200 . For example, by supporting PDCCH repetition, the UE  115  may experience an increase in efficiency of blind decoding of one or multiple PDCCH candidates in one or multiple search space sets. In some examples, the base station  105  may configure the UE  115  to support one or multiple PDCCH candidates between multiple (e.g., two or more) search space sets. For example, the UE  115  may be configured to determine and combine different PDCCH candidates between multiple search space sets, and perform blind decoding of a combined PDCCH candidate. In some examples, the UE  115  may be configured to decode the combined PDCCH candidate in addition to individual PDCCH candidates, thereby providing increased flexibility for control information and improving the reliability of PDCCH. 
     The UE  115  may be configured to monitor for and decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on one or more factors, such as a PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or a control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both. In some examples, the UE  115  may determine whether to count or not to count a PDCCH candidate for a search space set as a monitored PDCCH candidate. For example, the UE  115  may be configured to not count a first PDCCH candidate for a first search space set using a set of CCEs in a first control resource set for a serving cell (e.g., the base station  105 ) as a monitored PDCCH candidate, if there is a second PDCCH candidate for a second search space set using a same set of CCEs or has a same PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier, or both. Otherwise, the UE  115  may count the first PDCCH candidate as a monitored PDCCH candidate. In some examples, the UE  115  may be configured to monitor for and decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on a subcarrier spacing configuration (μ). 
     The UE  115  may be configured to support one or more subcarrier spacing configuration (μ) for a component carrier. A component carrier may relate to one or more BWPs having same or different numerologies. In some examples, the UE  115  may be configured with multiple BWPs. A BWP may be a downlink BWP or an uplink BWP. In some examples, the UE  115  may be configured with a threshold number of monitored PDCCH candidates for one or more multiple BWPs. For example, the UE  115  may be configured according to Table. 1. 
     Table 1 provides a maximum number of monitored PDCCH candidates, M PDCCH   max,slot,μ , for a subcarrier spacing configuration (μ) for the UE  115  per slot. The UE  115  may be configured to operate according to the subcarrier spacing configuration (μ) for a single serving cell (e.g., the base station  105 ). The maximum number of monitored PDCCH candidates may, in some examples, be per slot for a downlink BWP. As such, the maximum number of monitored PDCCH candidates may be a threshold number of PDCCH candidates that the UE  115  is configured to monitor over a period (e.g., a PDCCH span, a slot). In some examples, the UE  115  may be configured with separate maximum number of monitored PDCCH candidates per downlink serving cell for each component carrier when the UE  115  has more than four downlink serving cells or fewer. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Maximum number M PDCCH   max, slot, μ  of monitored 
               
               
                 PDCCH candidates per slot for a downlink BWP with subcarrier 
               
               
                 spacing configuration configuration μ ∈ 
               
               
                 {0, 1, 2, 3} for a single serving cell 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Maximum number of monitored PDCCH candidates 
               
               
                   
                 μ 
                 per slot and per serving cell M PDCCH   max, slot, μ   
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 0 
                 44 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 36 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 22 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In some examples, the UE  115  may be configured with a threshold number of monitored CCEs for one or more multiple BWPs. For example, the UE  115  may be configured according to Table.  2 , which provides a maximum number of nonoverlapped CCEs, C PDCCH   max,slot,μ , for a subcarrier spacing configuration (μ) that the UE  115  may monitor over a period (e.g., a PDCCH span, a slot). The UE  115  may be configured to operate according to the subcarrier spacing configuration (μ) for a single serving cell (e.g., the base station  105 ). In some examples, the UE  115  may be configured to support carrier aggregation with more than four downlink serving cells. In such examples, the UE  115  may provide, to the base station  105 , a UE capability message including an indication that the UE  115  supports more than four downlink serving cells. 
     For example, the indication may be an information element in the UE capability message. In some examples, the information element may be a PDCCH blind detection carrier aggregation (PDCCH-BlindDetectionCA) information element. In some examples, the maximum number of monitored PDCCH candidates or the maximum number of nonoverlapped CCEs, or both may be defined across one or more multiple downlink serving cells with a same subcarrier spacing configuration (μ) based on the UE capability message. In some other examples, the maximum number of monitored PDCCH candidates or the maximum number of nonoverlapped CCEs, or both may be defined across one or more multiple downlink serving cells with a same subcarrier spacing configuration (μ) based on a number of downlink component carriers associated with the subcarrier spacing configuration (μ). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2  
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Maximum number C PDCCH   max, slot, μ  of nonoverlapped 
               
               
                 CCEs per slot for subcarrier spacing configuration configuration 
               
               
                 μ ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3} for a single serving cell 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Maximum number of nonoverlapped CCEs 
               
               
                   
                 μ 
                 per slot and per serving cell C PDCCH   max, slot, μ   
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 0 
                 56 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 56 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 48 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 32 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     With reference to Tables 1 and 2, the UE  115  may be configured to support carrier aggregation with a maximum of four downlink serving cells. The UE  115  may be configured with N cells   DL,μ  downlink cells for each corresponding subcarrier spacing configuration (μ), where Σ μ=0   3 N cells   DL,μ ≤4. In some examples, for scheduling on a same serving cell (e.g., the base station  105 ), the UE  115  may be configured to monitor M PDCCH   max,slot,μ  PDCCH candidates for control information (e.g., downlink control information (DCI)) and C PDCCH   max,slot,μ  nonoverlapped CCEs per slot per serving cell with a subcarrier spacing configuration (μ). 
     In some examples, the UE  115  may be configured to support carrier aggregation with more than four downlink serving cells, and the UE  115  may indicate through a UE capability message (e.g., PDCCH-BlindDetectionCA) a capability to monitor PDCCH candidates for downlink serving cells. As such, when the UE  115  is configured with N cells   DL,μ  with a subcarrier spacing configuration (μ), the UE  115  may be configured to monitor a total of M PDCCH   max,slot,μ  PDCCH candidates for control information (e.g., DCI) and C PDCCH   max,slot,μ  nonoverlapped CCEs per slot per serving cell with a subcarrier spacing configuration (μ). The UE  115  may, in some examples, not be configured with search space sets (e.g., common search space sets) that result to corresponding total number of monitored PDCCH candidates and nonoverlapped CCEs per slot that exceed a corresponding maximum numbers per slot. 
     The base station  105  may overbook the UE  115  with PDCCH candidates. That is, the base station  105  may configure the UE  115  with PDCCH candidates that may result in exceeding the PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or the control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both for the base station  105  (e.g., a primary serving cell). In some examples, the base station  105  and the UE  115  may not be configured to support overbooking for secondary serving cells. The UE  115  may be configured to monitor PDCCH candidates and CCEs up to the PDCCH candidate threshold or the control resource threshold, or both. For example, the UE  115  may be configured to monitor PDCCH candidates and CCEs up to the PDCCH candidate threshold or the control resource threshold, or both according to the following pseudocode. In other words, the UE  115  may allocate monitored PDCCH candidates to search space sets (e.g., UE-specific search space sets) of a primary serving cell (e.g., the base station  105 ) with a subcarrier spacing configuration (μ) according to the following operations (e.g., pseudocode). The UE  115  is not expected to monitor PDCCH in a UE-specific search space set without monitored PDCCH candidates. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Set M PDCCH   uss  = min(M PDCCH   max,slot,μ , M PDCCH   total,slot,μ ) − M PDCCH   css   
               
               
                 Set C PDCCH   uss  = min(C PDCCH   max,slot,μ , C PDCCH   total,slot,μ ) − C PDCCH   css   
               
               
                 Set j = 0 
               
               
                 while Σ L  M P     uss     (j),S     uss     (j)   (L),monitor  ≤ M PDCCH   uss  and C(V CCE (S uss (j)) ≤ C PDCCH   uss   
               
               
                  allocate Σ L  M P     uss     (j),S     uss     (j)   (L),monitor  monitored PDCCH candidates for  
               
               
                 monitoring to UE-specific search space (USS) set S uss (j) 
               
               
                  M PDCCH   uss  = M PDCCH   uss  − Σ L  M P     uss     (j),S     uss     (j)   (L),monitor ; 
               
               
                  C PDCCH   uss  = C PDCCH   uss  − C(V CCE (S uss (j)); 
               
               
                  j = j + 1; 
               
               
                 end while. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The V CCE  (S uss (j)) may include a set of nonoverlapping CCEs for a search space set S uss (j), and C(V CCE (S uss (j)) may define a cardinality of V CCE (S uss (j)) where nonoverlapping CCEs for the search space set S uss (j) are determined considering the monitored PDCCH candidates for the common search space sets and the monitored PDCCH candidates for all search space sets S uss (k) for 0≤k≤j. 
     The UE  115  may thus, according to the above operations, exclude PDCCH candidates or CCEs, or both that correspond to common search space sets from the PDCCH candidate threshold or the control resource threshold, or both. In some examples, excluding the PDCCH candidates or the CCEs, or both, that correspond to the common search space sets, from the PDCCH candidate threshold or the control resource threshold, or both may be because the common search space sets have a higher priority compared to UE-specific search space sets. In some examples, the UE  115  may begin with UE-specific search space sets, and more specifically with a lowest search space set index in the UE-specific search space sets. If the remaining PDCCH candidates or CCEs, or both is greater than a number of PDCCH candidates or CCEs, or both configured for the UE-specific search space sets, the UE  115  may allocate and subtract the number of PDCCH candidates or CCEs, or both configured for the UE-specific search space sets from the remaining PDCCH candidates or CCEs, or both. The UE  115  may cover one or more UE-specific search space sets and repeat the above operations. Thus, overbooking may be with respect to the per scheduled cell PDCCH candidate threshold or control resource threshold, or both. 
     The base station  105  may configure the UE  115  with one or more control resource set pool indices (also referred to as control resource pool index configuration) per control resource set. In some examples, each control resource set may have a separate control resource set pool index. In some examples, the base station  105  may increase or decrease the PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or the control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both by a factor. For example, the UE  115  may provide a value in a UE capability message, and the base station  105  may increase or decrease the PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or the control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both based on the indicated value. The increased or decreased PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or the increased or decreased control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both may be over all control resource sets for an active BWP associated with the base station  105  (e.g., a primary serving cell). 
     Additionally, the PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or the control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both may be defined per control resource set pool index configuration. In some examples, for overbooking in a primary serving cell (e.g., the base station  105 ), when the PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or the control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both per control resource set pool index configuration is smaller than the PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or the control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both for the primary serving cell, search space sets associated with the control resource set that have a control resource set pool index configuration of zero (CORESETPoolIndex=0) may be considered for overbooking. The control resource set pool index configuration may have a value of 0 or 1. The UE  115  may be configured to determine how a combined PDCCH candidate impacts the PDCCH candidate threshold or the control resource threshold, or both per slot. In some examples, the UE  115  may also be configured to determine how a combined PDCCH candidate impacts overbooking. Additionally or alternatively, the UE  115  may be configured to determine how a combined PDCCH candidate impacts a control resource set pool index configuration. 
     The UE  115  may be configured to count each combined PDCCH candidate as an additional PDCCH candidate toward a PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or a control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both, per serving cell. The UE  115  may also be configured to count each combined PDCCH candidate as an additional PDCCH candidate toward a total PDCCH candidate threshold (e.g., a blind decoding limit) or a total control resource threshold (e.g., a CCE limit), or both. In some examples, the UE  115  may determine that a first control resource set pool index configuration (CORESETPoolIndex) of a first control resource set i is not equal to a second control resource set pool index configuration (CORESETPoolIndex) of a second control resource set j. The UE  115  may count an additional PDCCH candidate for both the first control resource set pool index configuration and the second control resource set pool index configuration. 
     Alternatively, the UE  115  may count an additional PDCCH candidate exclusively for the first control resource set pool index configuration or the second control resource set pool index configuration. In some examples, the UE  115  may be configured to count the additional PDCCH candidate for a control resource set pool index configuration of zero (CORESETPoolIndex=0). In some examples, if the first control resource set pool index configuration (CORESETPoolIndex) of the first control resource set i is equal to the second control resource set pool index configuration (CORESETPoolIndex) of the second control resource set j, the UE  115  may count an additional PDCCH candidate only for that control resource set pool index configuration (CORESETPoolIndex). 
     In some examples, the UE  115  may be configured to exclude a combined PDCCH candidate from a control resource threshold (e.g., a nonoverlapped CCE threshold). The UE  115  may perform channel estimation as part of monitoring for individual PDCCH candidates in one or multiple search space sets. In some examples, there may not be separate PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifiers (PDCCH-DMRS-ScramblingID) for the combined PDCCH candidate. If a separate PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier (different than a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier for the first control resource set i and the second control resource set j), the UE  115  may be configured to count CCEs of the combined PDCCH candidate non-overlapped CCE limit. 
     A control resource set pool index may be configured and a combined PDCCH candidate may be for a UE-specific search space set of a primary serving cell (e.g., the base station  105 ). In some examples, the UE  115  may determine that a first control resource set pool index configuration (CORESETPoolIndex) of a first control resource set i is not equal to a second control resource set pool index configuration (CORESETPoolIndex) of a second control resource set j. Alternatively, the UE  115  may determine that the first control resource set pool index configuration (CORESETPoolIndex) of the first control resource set i is equal to the second control resource set pool index configuration (CORESETPoolIndex) of the second control resource set j, which may have a value of zero. As a result, the UE  115  may count the combined PDCCH candidate for overbooking because overbooking may be performed for CORESETPoolIndex=0 when per-CORESETPoolIndex threshold (also referred to as a blind decoding (BD)/CCE limit (or monitored PDCCH candidates/non-overlapped CCEs limit) is smaller than a per-cell threshold. In some examples, the UE  115  may determine that the first control resource set pool index configuration (CORESETPoolIndex) of the first control resource set i is equal to the second control resource set pool index configuration (CORESETPoolIndex) of the second control resource set j, which may have a value of one. Here, the UE  115  may not count the combined PDCCH candidate for overbooking because overbooking may be performed for CORESETPoolIndex=0 when per-CORESETPoolIndex threshold is smaller than a per-cell threshold. 
     In some examples, the UE  115  may manage UE-specific search space sets with respect to search space set indices for prioritization of monitored PDCCH candidates and nonoverlapped CCEs for overbooking. For example, a combined PDCCH candidate may be associated with two search space set indices. The UE  115  may be configured to support ordering for prioritization of monitored PDCCH candidates relative to regular PDCCH candidates associated with one search space set index, as well as among the combined PDCCH candidates associated with different pair of search space set indices. 
     The UE  115  may manage combined PDCCH candidates after regular PDCCH candidates (i.e., non-combined PDCCH candidates). In some examples, the UE  115  may be configured to manage (e.g., order) combined PDCCH candidates and regular PDCCH candidates according to search space set index pairs (ss N , ss M ) associated with combined PDCCH candidates or a search space set index (ss N ) associated with regular PDCCH candidates. Table 3 shows various ordering of combined PDCCH candidates and regular PDCCH candidates based on search space set indices. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 PDCCH candidate ordering 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Search Space 
                 PDCCH candidate Ordering 
               
               
                 Index 
                 {1, 2, 3, 4 (1,2), (3,1), (2,3), (1,4)} 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 (1,2) 
                 (1,4) 
                 (3,1) 
                 (2,3) 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 (1,2) 
                 (1,4) 
                 (2,3) 
                 (3,1) 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 (1,2) 
                 (3,1) 
                 (1,4) 
                 (2,3) 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 2 
                 (1,2) 
                 3 
                 (3,1) 
                 (2,3) 
                 4 
                 (1,4) 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 (1,2) 
                 (1,4) 
                 2 
                 (2,3) 
                 3 
                 (3,1) 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 (1,2) 
                 4 
                 (3,1) 
                 (1,4) 
                 (2,3) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In some examples, among the combined PDCCH candidates (e.g. among the set of search space set pairs), the UE  115  may order each combined PDCCH candidate with respect to a smallest (or a largest) search space set index of a search space set index pair. If the smallest search space set index of a first search space set index pair is the same as the smallest search space set index of a second search space set index pair, the UE  115  may order the combined PDCCH candidates with respect to the other search space index of the search space set index pairs. Additionally or alternatively, among the combined PDCCH candidates, the UE  115  may order each combined PDCCH candidate with respect to a first search space set index of a search space set index pair. If the first search space set index of a first search space set index pair is the same as the first search space set index of a second search space set index pair, the UE  115  may order the search space set indices of the pairs with respect to the second search space set index of each pair. In s examples, among the combined PDCCH candidates, the UE  115  may order each combined PDCCH candidate with respect to a sum of indices of a search space set index pair. Additionally or alternatively, combined PDCCH candidates may have a higher priority than regular PDCCH candidates. The UE  115  may thus order jointly the combined PDCCH candidates and the regular PDCCH candidates. For regular PDCCH candidates, a search space set index is considered, while for combined PDCCH candidates if the search space set index for a regular PDCCH candidate is the same as the calculated search space set index for a combined PDCCH candidate, the UE  115  may be configured to manage the regular PDCCH candidate before the combined PDCCH candidates. 
     The operations performed by the base station  105  and the UE  115 , for example, may provide improvements to search space operations in the wireless communications system  200 . Furthermore, the operations performed by the base station  105  and the UE  115  may provide benefits and enhancements to the operation of the UE  115 . For example, by supporting combined PDCCH search space operations, the UE  115  may reduce a number of PDCCH retransmission and blind decodes associated with its search space while simultaneously supporting higher reliability and lower latency communications, resulting in enhanced power efficiency and network throughput in the wireless communications system  200 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an example of a process flow  300  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow  300  may implement aspects of the wireless communications system  100  and  200  described with reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , respectively. For example, the process flow  300  may be based on a configuration by a base station  105  or a UE  115 , and implemented by the UE  115 , for reduced power consumption, decreased blind decoding, and improved search space utilization, and may promote low latency for wireless communications, among other benefits. The base station  105  and the UE  115  may be examples of a base station  105  and a UE  115 , as described with reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 . In the following description of the process flow  300 , the operations between the base station  105  and the UE  115  may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown, or the operations performed by the base station  105  and the UE  115  may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow  300 , and other operations may be added to the process flow  300 . 
     At  305 , the base station  105  may configure an association between PDCCH candidates associated with one or multiple search space sets. The one or multiple search space sets may include common search space sets or UE-specific search space sets, or both. At  310 , the base station  105  may transmit a message to the UE  115 , which may include an indication of the association between PDCCH candidates associated with one or multiple search space sets. In some examples, the message may be a semi-static configuration. The base station  105  may provide the semi-static configuration to the UE  115  via RRC signaling. 
     At  315 , the UE  115  may combine a first PDCCH candidate and a second PDCCH candidate to form a combined PDCCH candidate. In some examples, the first PDCCH candidate may correspond to a first search space set and the second PDCCH candidate may correspond to a second search space set. The first search space set may be different than the second search space set. In some examples, the first search space set and the second search space set have a same search space type. For example, both the first search space set and the second search space set may be a common search space set or a UE-specific search space set. The UE  115  may assign an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates. The additional PDCCH candidate may be the combined PDCCH candidate. At  320 , the base station  105  may transmit control information via PDCCH to the UE  115 . At  325 , the UE  115  may monitor one or multiple PDCCH candidates including the combined PDCCH candidate, and decode the combined PDCCH candidate to receive the control information. 
     In some examples, the UE  115  may combine the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate to form a combined PDCCH candidate based on a capability (i.e., UE capability) of the UE  115 . For example, the UE may identify a threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates within a time interval (e.g., a PDCCH span, a slot) based on the capability of the UE  115 . As such, the threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates may be per PDCCH span or slot. In some examples, the threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates may be per PDCCH span. As such, the UE  115  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the set of PDCCH candidates including the additional PDCCH candidate satisfying the threshold. 
     The UE  115  may determine a first control resource set associated with the first search space set, and identify a first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set. In some examples, the UE  115  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the first pool index configuration. The UE  115  may determine a threshold for PDCCH candidates in the first control resource set associated with the first pool index configuration. In some examples, the UE  115  may determine a second control resource set associated with the second search space set, and identify a second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set. The UE  115  may thus decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the second pool index configuration. In some examples, the UE  115  may determine a threshold for PDCCH candidates in the second control resource set associated with the second pool index configuration. 
     In some examples, the UE  115  may determine that the first pool index configuration is different than the second pool index configuration, and assign the additional PDCCH candidate to the first pool index configuration, or the second pool index configuration, or both. In such examples, the UE  115  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on determining that the first pool index configuration is different than the second pool index configuration. In some other examples, the UE  115  may determine that the first pool index configuration and the second pool index configuration have a same pool index configuration, and the UE  115  may assign the additional PDCCH candidate to the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set or the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set. As such, the UE  115  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on determining that the first pool index configuration and the second pool index configuration having the same pool index configuration, as described in  FIG. 2 , respectively. 
     The UE  115  may also identify that the UE  115  is configured with a number of PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates including the additional PDCCH candidate, and determine that the number of PDCCH candidates satisfies a threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for a primary serving cell (e.g., the base station  105 ) or a threshold number of CCEs for the primary serving cell, or both. The UE  115  may thus decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the number of PDCCH candidates satisfying the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell or the threshold number of CCEs for the primary serving cell, or both, as described in  FIG. 2 , respectively. In some examples, the UE  115  may identify blind decoding PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates or CCEs in the set of PDCCH candidates, or both associated with a common search space set, and exclude the blind decoding PDCCH candidates or the CCEs, or both associated with the common search space set from the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell or the threshold number of CCEs for the primary serving cell, or both. 
     In some examples, the UE  115  may identify a UE-specific search space set associated with a lowest search space index, and identify a number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates or a number of CCEs, or both associated with the UE-specific search space set. The UE  115  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates or the number of CCEs, or both associated with the UE-specific search space set. In some examples, the UE  115  may determine a remainder of PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on the excluding, and determine a difference between the remainder of PDCCH candidates and the number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates associated with the UE-specific search space set. As a result, the UE  115  may allocate the remainder of PDCCH candidates and apply the number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates associated with the UE-specific search space set to the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell (e.g., the base station  105 ), as described in  FIG. 2 , respectively. 
     The UE  115  may determine that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set is different than the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set, and determine that the combined PDCCH candidate is for a UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell. As such, the UE  115  may apply the combined PDCCH candidate to the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell, and decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the applying. The combined PDCCH candidate may be counted for overbooking of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. In some examples, the combined PDCCH candidate may be allocated, based on determining that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set is different than the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set, to the UE  115  and satisfies the threshold number of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. In some other examples, the combined PDCCH candidate may be allocated, based on determining that the combined PDCCH candidate is for the UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell, to the UE  115  and satisfies the threshold number of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     In some examples, the UE  115  may determine that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set and the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set have a same pool index configuration, and determine that the combined PDCCH candidate is for a UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell. As such, the UE  115  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell. In some examples, the UE  115  may exclude the combined PDCCH candidate from the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell based on one or more of determining that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set and the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set have the same pool index configuration, or determining that the combined PDCCH candidate is for the UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell, or both. Accordingly, the combined PDCCH candidate may not be counted for overbooking of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     In some examples, the UE  115  may determine a first priority associated with a first search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate, and determine a second priority associated with a second search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate, as described in  FIG. 2 , respectively. The UE  115  may thus decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the first priority or the second priority, or both. In some examples, the UE  115  order the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on the first priority associated with the first search space set index or the second priority associated with the second search space set index, or both of the combined PDCCH candidate. The first search space set index or the second search space set index may be a lowest search space set index of a set of search space set indices. As such, the UE  115  may order the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on the lowest search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate. In some examples, the first search space set index or the second search space set index may be a highest search space set index of a set of search space set indices, and the UE  115  may order the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on the highest search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate. 
     In some examples, the UE  115  may determine a sum of the first search space set index and the second search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate, and order the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on the sum. The combined PDCCH candidate may be defined over one or more search space indices of a set of search space set indices. In some examples, the UE  115  may order jointly the combined PDCCH candidate and one or more individual PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on corresponding search space set indices associated with the combined PDCCH candidate and search space set indices associated with the one or more individual PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates. The search space set indices associated with the combined PDCCH candidate may have a higher priority than the search space set indices associated with the one or more individual PDCCH candidates. 
     The UE  115  may, in some examples, identify a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate. The PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate may have a same value as a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the first search space set or the second search space set, or both. The UE  115  may thus decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on determining that the PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate has a same value as a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the first search space set or the second search space set, or both. The UE  115  may refrain, in some examples, from separately counting CCEs of the combined PDCCH candidate for a nonoverlapping control channel threshold (e.g., a control resource threshold) per PDCCH span or slot. The UE  115  may determine that a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate has a different value than a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the set of PDCCH candidates. Here, the UE  115  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on determining that the PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate is different than the PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the first search space set or the second search space set, or both. The UE  115  may separately count CCEs of the combined PDCCH candidate for a nonoverlapping control channel threshold per slot. 
     The operations performed by the base station  105  and the UE  115  as part of, but not limited to, the process flow  300  may provide improvements to UE  115  blind decoding procedures and search space operations. Furthermore, the operations performed by the base station  105  and the UE  115  as part of, but not limited to, the process flow  300  may provide benefits and enhancements to the operation of the UE  115 . For example, the described search space operations in the process flow  300  may support reduced power consumption, decreased blind decoding, among other advantages. 
       FIG. 4  shows a block diagram  400  of a device  405  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  405  may be an example of aspects of a UE  115  as described herein. The device  405  may include a receiver  410 , a UE communications manager  415 , and a transmitter  420 . The device  405  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  410  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  405 . The receiver  410  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  720  described with reference to  FIG. 7 . The receiver  410  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     The UE communications manager  415  may combine a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The UE communications manager  415  may also assign an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates, where the additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate. The UE communications manager  415  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the assigning. The UE communications manager  415  may be an example of aspects of the UE communications manager  710  described herein. 
     The UE communications manager  415  as described may be implemented as an integrated circuit or chipset for a mobile device modem, and the receiver  410  and transmitter  420  may be implemented as analog components (e.g., amplifiers, filters, antennas) coupled with the mobile device modem to enable wireless transmission and reception over one or more bands. The UE communications manager  415  may as described herein be implemented to realize one or more potential advantages. One implementation may allow the device  405  to save power and increase battery life by communicating with a base station  105  (as shown in  FIGS. 1 through 3 ) more efficiently. For example, the device  405  may reduce retransmissions of control information by extending a number of PDCCH candidates associated with a search space. In addition, the device  405  may experience reduced complexity, better throughput through faster blind decoding operations. Another implementation may promote higher reliability and lower latency communications at the device  405  due to control channel (e.g., PDCCH) scheduling flexibility of the device  405 , as a result of supporting combined PDCCH candidates. 
     The UE communications manager  415 , or its sub-components, may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the UE communications manager  415 , or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure. 
     The UE communications manager  415 , or its sub-components, may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components. In some examples, the UE communications manager  415 , or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the UE communications manager  415 , or its sub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     The transmitter  420  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device  405 . In some examples, the transmitter  420  may be collocated with a receiver  410  in a transceiver component. For example, the transmitter  420  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  720  described with reference to  FIG. 7 . The transmitter  420  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG. 5  shows a block diagram  500  of a device  505  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  505  may be an example of aspects of a device  405 , or a UE  115  as described herein. The device  505  may include a receiver  510 , a UE communications manager  515 , and a transmitter  530 . The device  505  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  510  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  505 . The receiver  510  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  720  described with reference to  FIG. 7 . The receiver  510  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     The UE communications manager  515  may be an example of aspects of the UE communications manager  415  as described herein. The UE communications manager  515  may include a control channel component  520  and a decode component  525 . The UE communications manager  515  may be an example of aspects of the UE communications manager  710  described herein. The control channel component  520  may combine a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate and assign an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates, where the additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate. The decode component  525  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the assigning. 
     The transmitter  530  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device  505 . In some examples, the transmitter  530  may be collocated with a receiver  510  in a transceiver component. For example, the transmitter  530  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  720  described with reference to  FIG. 7 . The transmitter  530  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG. 6  shows a block diagram  600  of a UE communications manager  605  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE communications manager  605  may be an example of aspects of a UE communications manager  415 , a UE communications manager  515 , or a UE communications manager  710  described herein. The UE communications manager  605  may include a control channel component  610 , a decode component  615 , a resource component  620 , a search space component  625 , an order component  630 , and an identifier component  635 . Each of these component may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The control channel component  610  may combine a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. In some examples, the control channel component  610  may assign an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates. The additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate. In some examples, the control channel component  610  may identify that the UE is configured with a number of PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates including the additional PDCCH candidate. The control channel component  610  may determine that the number of PDCCH candidates satisfies a threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for a primary serving cell or a threshold number of CCEs for the primary serving cell, or both where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based on the number of PDCCH candidates satisfying the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell or the threshold number of CCEs for the primary serving cell, or both. 
     The control channel component  610  may identify blind decoding PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates or CCEs in the set of PDCCH candidates, or both associated with a common search space set. In some examples, the control channel component  610  may exclude the blind decoding PDCCH candidates or the CCEs, or both associated with the common search space set from the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell or the threshold number of CCEs for the primary serving cell, or both. In some examples, the control channel component  610  may combine the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate based on a capability of the UE. 
     In some cases, the combined PDCCH candidate is defined over one or more search space indices of a set of search space set indices. In some cases, the first search space set is different than the second search space set. In some cases, a threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates within a time interval are based on the capability of the UE. In some cases, a threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates are per slot. In some cases, a threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates are per PDCCH span. In some cases, the first search space set and the second search space set have a same search space type. 
     The decode component  615  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the assigning. In some examples, the decode component  615  may determine that the set of PDCCH candidates including the additional PDCCH candidate, the first PDCCH candidate, the second PDCCH candidate, and the combined PDCCH candidate satisfies a threshold satisfies a threshold, the threshold including a threshold number of PDCCH candidates within a time interval, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based on the set of PDCCH candidates including the additional PDCCH candidate satisfying the threshold. The resource component  620  may determine a first control resource set associated with the first search space set. In some examples, the resource component  620  may identify a first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based on the first pool index configuration. In some examples, the resource component  620  may determine a threshold for PDCCH candidates in the first control resource set associated with the first pool index configuration. 
     The resource component  620  may determine a second control resource set associated with the second search space set. In some examples, the resource component  620  may identify a second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based on the second pool index configuration. In some examples, the resource component  620  may determine a threshold for PDCCH candidates in the second control resource set associated with the second pool index configuration. The resource component  620  may determine that the first pool index configuration is different than the second pool index configuration. 
     In some examples, the resource component  620  may assign the additional PDCCH candidate to the first pool index configuration, or the second pool index configuration, or both, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based on determining that the first pool index configuration is different than the second pool index configuration. In some examples, the resource component  620  may determine that the first pool index configuration and the second pool index configuration have a same pool index configuration. In some examples, the resource component  620  may assign the additional PDCCH candidate to the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set or the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based on determining that the first pool index configuration and the second pool index configuration have the same pool index configuration. 
     The search space component  625  may identify a UE-specific search space set associated with a lowest search space index. In some examples, the search space component  625  may identify a number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates or a number of CCEs, or both associated with the UE-specific search space set, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based on the number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates or the number of CCEs, or both associated with the UE-specific search space set. In some examples, the search space component  625  may determine a remainder of PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on the excluding. In some examples, the search space component  625  may determine a difference between the remainder of PDCCH candidates and the number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates associated with the UE-specific search space set. In some examples, the search space component  625  may allocate the remainder of PDCCH candidates and applying the number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates associated with the UE-specific search space set to the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     In some examples, the search space component  625  may determine that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set is different than the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set. In some examples, the search space component  625  may determine that the combined PDCCH candidate is for a UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell. In some examples, the search space component  625  may apply the combined PDCCH candidate to the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based on the applying. 
     In some examples, the search space component  625  may determine that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set and the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set have a same pool index configuration. In some examples, the search space component  625  may determine that the combined PDCCH candidate is for a UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based on the UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell. In some examples, the search space component  625  may exclude the combined PDCCH candidate from the threshold number of blind decoding PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell based on one or more of that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set and the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set have the same pool index configuration, or that the combined PDCCH candidate is for the UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell, or both. In some cases, the combined PDCCH candidate is counted for overbooking of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     In some cases, the combined PDCCH candidate is allocated, based on determining that the first pool index configuration associated with the first control resource set is different than the second pool index configuration associated with the second control resource set, to the UE and satisfies the threshold number of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. In some cases, the combined PDCCH candidate is allocated, based on determining that the combined PDCCH candidate is for the UE-specific search space associated with the primary serving cell, to the UE and satisfies the threshold number of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. In some cases, the combined PDCCH candidate is not counted for overbooking of PDCCH candidates for the primary serving cell. 
     The order component  630  may determine a first priority associated with a first search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate. In some examples, the order component  630  may determine a second priority associated with a second search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate, where monitoring the combined PDCCH candidate is based on the first priority or the second priority, or both. In some examples, the order component  630  may order the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on the first priority associated with the first search space set index or the second priority associated with the second search space set index, or both of the combined PDCCH candidate. In some examples, the order component  630  may determine a sum of the first search space set index and the second search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate, where ordering the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates is based on the sum. 
     In some examples, the order component  630  may order jointly the combined PDCCH candidate and one or more PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on corresponding search space set indices associated with the combined PDCCH candidate and search space set indices associated with the one or more PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates. In some examples, the order component  630  may order the combined PDCCH candidate based on a sum of search space indices of the combined PDCCH candidate. In some cases, the first search space set index or the second search space set index is a lowest search space set index of a set of search space set indices, where ordering the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates is based on the lowest search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate. In some cases, the first search space set index or the second search space set index is a highest search space set index of a set of search space set indices, where ordering the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates is based on the highest search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate. In some cases, the search space set indices associated with the combined PDCCH candidate have a higher priority than the search space set indices associated with the one or more PDCCH candidates. 
     The identifier component  635  may identify a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate, where the PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate has a same value as a PDCCH demodulation reference signal scrambling identifier associated with the first search space set or the second search space set, or both. In some examples, the identifier component  635  may refrain from separately counting CCEs of the combined PDCCH candidate for a nonoverlapping control channel threshold per slot. In some examples, the identifier component  635  may determine that a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate has a different value than a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the set of PDCCH candidates. In some examples, the identifier component  635  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate is based on determining that the PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate is different than the PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the first search space set or the second search space set, or both. In some examples, the identifier component  635  may separately count CCEs of the combined PDCCH candidate for a nonoverlapping control channel threshold per slot. 
       FIG. 7  shows a diagram of a system  700  including a device  705  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  705  may be an example of or include the components of device  405 , device  505 , or a UE  115  as described herein. The device  705  may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a UE communications manager  710 , an I/O controller  715 , a transceiver  720 , an antenna  725 , memory  730 , and a processor  740 . These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus  745 ). 
     The UE communications manager  710  may combine a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The UE communications manager  710  may assign an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates, where the additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate. The UE communications manager  710  may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the assigning. 
     The I/O controller  715  may manage input and output signals for the device  705 . The I/O controller  715  may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device  705 . In some cases, the I/O controller  715  may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I/O controller  715  may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS/2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. In other cases, the I/O controller  715  may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I/O controller  715  may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with the device  705  via the I/O controller  715  or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller  715 . 
     The transceiver  720  may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver  720  may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver  720  may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas. In some examples, the device  705  may include a single antenna  725 . However, in some examples, the device  705  may have more than one antenna  725 , which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. 
     The memory  730  may include random-access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory  730  may store computer-readable, computer-executable code  735  including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory  730  may contain, among other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. 
     The code  735  may include instructions to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions to support wireless communications. The code  735  may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code  735  may not be directly executable by the processor  740  but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. 
     The processor  740  may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor  740  may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor  740 . The processor  740  may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory  730 ) to cause the device  705  to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions). 
       FIG. 8  shows a block diagram  800  of a device  805  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  805  may be an example of aspects of a base station  105  as described herein. The device  805  may include a receiver  810 , a base station communications manager  815 , and a transmitter  820 . The device  805  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  810  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  805 . The receiver  810  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1120  described with reference to  FIG. 11 . The receiver  810  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     The base station communications manager  815  may configure an association between a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The base station communications manager  815  may transmit an indication of the association between the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate. The base station communications manager  815  may be an example of aspects of the base station communications manager  1110  described herein. 
     The base station communications manager  815 , or its sub-components, may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the base station communications manager  815 , or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure. 
     The base station communications manager  815 , or its sub-components, may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components. In some examples, the base station communications manager  815 , or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the base station communications manager  815 , or its sub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     The transmitter  820  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device  805 . In some examples, the transmitter  820  may be collocated with a receiver  810  in a transceiver component. For example, the transmitter  820  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1120  described with reference to  FIG. 11 . The transmitter  820  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG. 9  shows a block diagram  900  of a device  905  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  905  may be an example of aspects of a device  805 , or a base station  105  as described herein. The device  905  may include a receiver  910 , a base station communications manager  915 , and a transmitter  930 . The device  905  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  910  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  905 . The receiver  910  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1120  described with reference to  FIG. 11 . The receiver  910  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     The base station communications manager  915  may be an example of aspects of the base station communications manager  815  as described herein. The base station communications manager  915  may include a configuration component  920  and a message component  925 . The base station communications manager  915  may be an example of aspects of the base station communications manager  1110  described herein. The configuration component  920  may configure an association between a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The message component  925  may transmit an indication of the association between the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate. 
     The transmitter  930  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device  905 . In some examples, the transmitter  930  may be collocated with a receiver  910  in a transceiver component. For example, the transmitter  930  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1120  described with reference to  FIG. 11 . The transmitter  930  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG. 10  shows a block diagram  1000  of a base station communications manager  1005  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The base station communications manager  1005  may be an example of aspects of a base station communications manager  815 , a base station communications manager  915 , or a base station communications manager  1110  described herein. The base station communications manager  1005  may include a configuration component  1010 , a message component  1015 , a priority component  1020 , a control channel component  1025 , and a capability component  1030 . Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The configuration component  1010  may configure an association between a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. In some cases, the first search space set is different than the second search space set. In some cases, a first control resource set associated with the first search space set has a different pool index configuration than a second control resource set associated with the second search space set. In some cases, a first control resource set associated with the first search space set and a second control resource set associated with the second search space set have a same pool index configuration. In some cases, the first search space set and the second search space set have a same search space type. 
     The message component  1015  may transmit an indication of the association between the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate. The priority component  1020  may configure a priority between the first PDCCH candidate corresponding to the first search space set and the second PDCCH candidate corresponding to the second search space set. In some examples, the priority component  1020  may transmit a second indication of the priority between the first PDCCH candidate corresponding to the first search space set and the second PDCCH candidate corresponding to the second search space set. 
     The control channel component  1025  may allocate PDCCH candidates to a set of PDCCH candidates. In some examples, the control channel component  1025  may transmit a second indication of the allocated PDCCH candidates of the set of PDCCH candidates. The capability component  1030  may receive a UE capability. In some examples, the capability component  1030  may configure a threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates within a time interval based on the UE capability. In some examples, the capability component  1030  may transmit a second indication of the threshold number of combined PDCCH candidates. In some cases, a threshold number of PDCCH candidates within the time interval are per slot. In some cases, a threshold number of PDCCH candidates within the time interval are per PDCCH span. 
       FIG. 11  shows a diagram of a system  1100  including a device  1105  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  1105  may be an example of or include the components of device  805 , device  905 , or a base station  105  as described herein. The device  1105  may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a base station communications manager  1110 , a network communications manager  1115 , a transceiver  1120 , an antenna  1125 , memory  1130 , a processor  1140 , and an inter-station communications manager  1145 . These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus  1150 ). 
     The base station communications manager  1110  may configure an association between a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The base station communications manager  1110  may transmit an indication of the association between the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate. 
     The network communications manager  1115  may manage communications with the core network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communications manager  1115  may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs  115 . 
     The transceiver  1120  may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver  1120  may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver  1120  may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas. In some examples, the device  1105  may include a single antenna  1125 . However, in some examples, the device  1105  may have more than one antenna  1125 , which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. 
     The memory  1130  may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. The memory  1130  may store computer-readable code  1135  including instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., the processor  1140 ) cause the device to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory  1130  may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. 
     The code  1135  may include instructions to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions to support wireless communications. The code  1135  may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code  1135  may not be directly executable by the processor  1140  but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. 
     The processor  1140  may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor  1140  may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some cases, a memory controller may be integrated into processor  1140 . The processor  1140  may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory  1130 ) to cause the device  1105  to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions). 
     The inter-station communications manager  1145  may manage communications with other base station  105 , and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs  115  in cooperation with other base stations  105 . For example, the inter-station communications manager  1145  may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs  115  for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, the inter-station communications manager  1145  may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between base stations  105 . 
       FIG. 12  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1200  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1200  may be implemented by a UE  115  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1200  may be performed by a UE communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1205 , the UE may combine a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1205  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1205  may be performed by a control channel component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1210 , the UE may assign an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates, where the additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1210  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1210  may be performed by a control channel component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1215 , the UE may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the assigning. The operations of  1215  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1215  may be performed by a decode component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
       FIG. 13  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1300  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1300  may be implemented by a UE  115  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1300  may be performed by a UE communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1305 , the UE may combine a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1305  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1305  may be performed by a control channel component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1310 , the UE may assign an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates, where the additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1310  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1310  may be performed by a control channel component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1315 , the UE may determine a first priority associated with a first search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1315  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1315  may be performed by an order component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1320 , the UE may determine a second priority associated with a second search space set index of the combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1320  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1320  may be performed by an order component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1325 , the UE may order the combined PDCCH candidate with respect to other combined PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates based on the first priority associated with the first search space set index or the second priority associated with the second search space set index, or both of the combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1325  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1325  may be performed by an order component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1330 , the UE may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the first priority or the second priority, or both. The operations of  1330  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1330  may be performed by a decode component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
       FIG. 14  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1400  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1400  may be implemented by a UE  115  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1400  may be performed by a UE communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1405 , the UE may combine a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1405  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1405  may be performed by a control channel component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1410 , the UE may assign an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates, where the additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1410  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1410  may be performed by a control channel component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1415 , the UE may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on the assigning. The operations of  1415  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1415  may be performed by a decode component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1420 , the UE may identify a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate, where the PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate has a same value as a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the first search space set or the second search space set, or both. The operations of  1420  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1420  may be performed by an identifier component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1425 , the UE may refrain from separately counting CCEs of the combined PDCCH candidate for a nonoverlapping control channel threshold per slot. The operations of  1425  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1425  may be performed by an identifier component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
       FIG. 15  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1500  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1500  may be implemented by a UE  115  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1500  may be performed by a UE communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1505 , the UE may combine a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1505  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1505  may be performed by a control channel component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1510 , the UE may assign an additional PDCCH candidate to a set of PDCCH candidates, where the additional PDCCH candidate includes the combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1510  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1510  may be performed by a control channel component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1515 , the UE may determine that a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate has a different value than a PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the set of PDCCH candidates. The operations of  1515  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1515  may be performed by an identifier component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
     At  1520 , the UE may decode the combined PDCCH candidate based on determining that the PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the combined PDCCH candidate is different than the PDCCH DMRS scrambling identifier associated with the first search space set or the second search space set, or both. The operations of  1520  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1520  may be performed by an identifier component as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 7 . 
       FIG. 16  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1600  that supports PDCCH candidates related to PDCCH repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1600  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1600  may be performed by a base station communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 8 through 11 . In some examples, a base station may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1605 , the base station may configure an association between a first PDCCH candidate corresponding to a first search space set and a second PDCCH candidate corresponding to a second search space set to form a combined PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1605  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1605  may be performed by a configuration component as described with reference to  FIGS. 8 through 11 . 
     At  1610 , the base station may transmit an indication of the association between the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate. The operations of  1610  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1610  may be performed by a message component as described with reference to  FIGS. 8 through 11 . 
     It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined. 
     Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein. 
     Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof. 
     The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). 
     The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. 
     Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
     As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.” 
     In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label. 
     The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples. 
     The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.