Patent Publication Number: US-6981670-B2

Title: Reel having apparatus for improved connection of linear material

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The invention relates to reels for spooling linear material and, in particular, to apparatus for connecting the linear material to the reel. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   The spooling of linear material has wide applicability in a number of fields. A linear material reel may be a small component of a large complex machine or may be used alone as an independent device. Linear materials that can be spooled also vary widely, and include steel cable, hose, electrical cord, and other materials. 
   In practice, linear material is typically connected to a reel drum such that an end portion or “connection portion” of the linear material is generally perpendicular to the outer surface of the drum. In order to be wrapped around the drum, the linear material begins to turn immediately from the connection point, causing a degree of “kinking” and/or twisting of the linear material. As a result, the linear material is subjected to stress at the region of kinking and/or twisting. In addition, the perpendicularly protruding connection portion of the linear material creates a protrusion or bump, which causes uneven layering of the linear material as it is spooled over the point of connection to the drum. The bump can cause a motorized reel assembly to experience damaging vibrations and jolts whenever the linear material is layered upon the bump created by the protruding perpendicular connector. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   A linear material reel is provided offering improved connection of linear material to the reel drum. The present invention seeks to advance the art by providing one or more features that address the aforementioned problems. 
   In one aspect, the present invention provides a linear material reel comprising a reel drum upon which linear material can be spooled, the drum having a generally cylindrical outer surface. In addition, a connector ramp is located on the outer surface of the drum, the ramp having a connector face extending generally perpendicularly from the outer surface of the drum. The connector ramp is configured to position a connecting portion of the linear material generally parallel to the outer surface of the drum. 
   In another aspect, the invention provides a linear material reel comprising a reel drum, two spooling end plates, and a retraction limiting band. The reel drum has an outer surface upon which linear material can be spooled, the drum having two ends. Each of the spooling end plates is positioned on one of the ends of the drum. The retraction limiting band is configured to prevent a portion of an innermost layer of spooled linear material from completely unwinding from the reel drum. The band is configured to reside between the innermost layer of spooled linear material and a layer of spooled linear material positioned radially outward from the innermost layer. 
   In another aspect, the invention provides a linear material reel comprising a reel drum upon which linear material can be spooled, a connector ramp, and a retraction limiting band. The reel drum has a generally cylindrical outer surface, on which the connector ramp is located. The ramp has a connector face extending generally perpendicularly from the outer surface of the drum. The ramp also has a connector on the connector face, the connector being configured to be connected to an end of a linear material. The connector is configured to position a connecting portion of the linear material generally parallel to the outer surface of the drum. The retraction limiting band is configured to prevent a portion of an innermost layer of spooled linear material from completely unwinding from the reel drum. The band is also configured to reside between the innermost layer of spooled linear material and a layer of spooled linear material positioned radially outward from the innermost layer. The outer surface of the drum has a helical guide groove encircling the drum, the groove being configured to receive linear material. The groove extends generally from the connector face toward the center of the reel drum. 
   In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method of reeling a linear material onto a reel drum having a ramp located on an outer surface of the drum. The ramp includes a connector face oriented generally perpendicularly with respect to the outer surface of the drum. The ramp also includes a connector on the connector face. The ramp is configured so that when a connecting end of a linear material is connected to the connector, the connecting end is generally parallel to the outer surface of the drum. The method comprises attaching a linear material to the connector and rotating the reel drum to reel the linear material onto the drum. 
   In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method of unspooling linear material from a reel. A reel drum is rotated to unwind a linear material from the drum. A retraction limiting band is utilized to prevent only a portion of an innermost layer of the spooled linear material from completely unspooling from the drum. The band is positioned radially exterior of the outer surface of the drum and extends generally parallel to an axis of rotation of the drum. The band is secured to the outer surface of the drum. 
   For purposes of summarizing the invention and the advantages achieved over the prior art, certain objects and advantages of the invention have been described herein above. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all such objects or advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein. 
   All of the above-noted aspects are intended to be within the scope of the invention herein disclosed. These and other aspects of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments having reference to the attached figures, the invention not being limited to any particular preferred embodiment(s) disclosed. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a hose reel according to one embodiment of the present invention, having a hose connector ramp and a guide groove; 
       FIG. 2A  is a perspective view of a reel according to another embodiment of the present invention, having a hose connector ramp, a guide groove, and a retraction limit band; 
       FIG. 2B  is an enlarged view of the hose retraction limit band of  FIG. 2A , which can also be employed in other embodiments; 
       FIG. 3A  is a perspective view of the hose reel of  FIG. 2A , with a hose spooled thereupon; 
       FIG. 3B  is a perspective view of a cord reel, having a cord connector ramp and a guide grooves, constructed in accordance with another embodiment; 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a hose reel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, having a wheeled, spherical housing; and 
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart describing a method of spooling a linear material onto a reel drum according to one embodiment of the present invention, the drum having a retraction limiting band, a guide groove, and a connector ramp; and 
       FIG. 6  is a flowchart describing a method of spooling a linear material onto a reel drum according to another embodiment of the present invention, the drum having a retraction limiting band that can be opened and closed. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   As explained above, linear material reels, especially motorized reels, often subject the connecting portions of linear materials to potentially damaging stress. Also, there is a chance that the linear material will disconnect from the reel when the linear material is completely unwound from the reel drum. Preferred embodiments of the present invention seek to advance the art with regard to these problems. 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 , a reel  2  is shown having features that help to overcome the aforementioned problems. While the illustrated reel  2  is designed for the spooling of hose, those of skill in the art will understand that the reels disclosed herein can be modified to spool any of a variety of linear materials. The reel  2  has a reel drum  4  flanked by two spooling end plates  6 . The reel  2  is preferably designed to rotate about an axis  7 . A connector ramp  8  preferably is configured to orient a connector  10  so that when a linear material (not shown) is attached to the connector  10 , the connecting portion of the linear material is oriented substantially parallel to the outer surface of the reel drum  4 . In the illustrated embodiment, the connector  10  is a rigid cylindrical tube threaded to receive a complementarily threaded connecting end of a hose so that the hose and the connector  10  are fluidly coupled and fluidly sealed. However, the skilled artisan will appreciate that the connector  10  can have any of a variety of forms, depending upon the nature of the linear material. For example, if the linear material is electrical cord, the connector  10  can be configured to be similar to an electrical outlet. The connector ramp  8  is preferably located on the outer surface of the drum  4  and, more preferably, proximate one of the ends of the reel drum  4 . Preferably, the connector ramp face  12  abuts the inner face of one of the spooling end plates  6 . In the preferred embodiment, the drum  4  and ramp  8  are formed separately from the end plates  6 , the plates and drum being secured together. Of course, the drum  4 , ramp  8 , and end plates  6  can be formed together as one piece, such as by molding or the like. Preferably, the connector ramp face  12  is generally perpendicular to both a spooling end plate  6  and the drum outer surface. The connector  10  preferably protrudes from the face  12  of the connector ramp  8 . 
   Preferably, a helical guide groove  14  is located on the outer surface of the reel drum  4 . More preferably, this guide groove  14  is integrated with the connector ramp  8  so that, when the linear material is attached to the connector  10 , the linear material is aligned with the guide groove  14 . Channeling the linear material into the guide groove  14  has the effect of initiating even and orderly wrapping of the linear material around the reel drum  4 . Preferably, the guide groove  14  extends at least one wrap, more preferably at least 2 wraps, and more preferably within a range of 1–3 wraps around the reel drum  4 . The groove  14  can extend across a portion of the drum  4  surface, or even across the entire drum surface. In a preferred embodiment, the groove  14  encircles the outer surface of the drum  4  at least once, but not more than five times. In another embodiment, the guide groove  14  is non-helical. For example, the drum  4  can include multiple side by side guide grooves oriented parallel to the end plates  6 . 
   The hose connection ramp  8  is preferably also helical and thus gradually increases not only in height above the drum face (i.e., spiral shaped), but also in thickness away from the end plate as the ramp  8  curves toward the connector ramp face  12  (i.e., helical shaped). Accordingly, the connector ramp  8  also preferably serves to begin guiding the hose to start the proper winding pattern by gradually protruding from the flange or side wall of the spool out towards the center of the reel in a helical fashion, completing preferably 75 to 95 percent of a revolution. Desirably, the connection means do not at all intrude onto the drum face. However, since this is not possible without kinking the hose, the preferred embodiments minimize the impact of the connector ramp  8 . By ghosting the first revolution of the reel in a helical fashion from the reel flange or end plate, the hose connection means simply transitions from the reel material (e.g., plastic, or metal) to the hose material without interrupting the natural helical form that occurs when winding linear material. It should be noted that the function of the helical groove  14  can thus be served by the helical connector ramp  8 , such that the groove  14  can be omitted. It should also be noted that although the helical shaped connector ramp  8  is the preferred shape, a simple spiral ramp, either formed into the reel or added on as a separate piece, also serves to connect a hose to the reel in a fashion that is less likely to kink than traditional means; however, such a simple spiral ramp would not serve to guide the preferred helical winding pattern of the hose upon the drum. 
   By orienting the connection portion of the hose generally parallel to the drum  4  outer surface, the connector ramp  8  and the connector  10  advantageously prevent the connection section of the hose from protruding radially from the outer surface of the reel drum  4  to an extent significantly greater than the width of the linear material itself. This reduces the stress on the connecting portion of the hose in comparison to prior art reels, in which the hose typically extends radially from the drum and then bends sharply to begin wrapping around the drum. Thus, the connector ramp  8 , with its spiral, gradually increasing radius, prevents the formation of the protrusion or “bump” associated with prior art reels, described above in the Background section. As explained above, the guide groove  14  facilitates more uniform spooling. In operation, the linear material is first connected to the connector  10  so that the linear material is substantially parallel to the outer surface of the reel drum  4 . The reel drum is configured such that when the linear material is connected to the connector  10 , the linear material is advantageously placed within a preferably helical guide groove  14 . As the reel  2  is rotated about its axis  7 , the first few wraps of the linear material are spiraled by the guide groove  14  in such a way as to provide a uniform and even starting pattern for the rest of the linear material to follow as it is spiraled across the outer surface of the reel drum  4 . In the illustrated embodiment, the guide groove  14  extends across only a small portion of the outer surface of the drum  4 . However, the skilled artisan will appreciate that the groove  14  can extend across a large portion or even the entirety of the outer surface of the drum  4 . 
     FIG. 2A  shows a reel similar to that of  FIG. 1 , the difference being that the reel of  FIG. 2A  further includes a retraction limiting band  16  configured to span the width of at least one helical coil of the guide groove  14 . Herein, each helical or non-helical encirclement of the groove  14  around the drum  4  is referred to as one of the “coils” of the groove  14 . The retraction limiting band  16 , shown more closely in  FIG. 2B , is preferably configured to prevent a minimum number of wraps of the linear material located closest to the reel drum outer surface from fully unwinding from the reel drum  4 . As used herein, a “wrap” of linear material refers to one helically wound segment of the linear material wrapped around the reel drum, beginning and ending at the same angular position on the reel drum outer surface, so that the wrap has a length approximately equal to the circumference of the outer layer of wrapped material. As a result of maintaining a minimum number of warps of an innermost linear material layer against the real drum surface, potentially damaging stress on both the connecting section of linear material and the connector  10  itself is reduced. The band  16  also reduces the likelihood of the linear material disconnecting from the connector  10  when the linear material is completely unspooled. At complete unspooling, the band effectively transfers tension stress from the connector  10  to the portion of the linear material under the band  16 . The retraction band  16  is preferably configured to prevent 0.1–3 wraps, more preferably 0.5–3 wraps, and even more preferably at least 1.25 wraps of the linear material from unspooling from the reel drum  4 . At about 1.25 wraps, the band ensures a full wrap of the hose on other linear material stays on the drum, with minimal lost use of hose length. 
   Preferably, the retraction limiting band  16  is attached at one end to one of the spooling end plates  6 , while the other end attaches to the outer surface of the reel drum  4 . In an alternate embodiment, the retraction limiting band  16  is attached to a lip of one of the coils of the guide groove  14 , such as the one located furthest from the connector ramp  8 . The retraction limiting band  16  may be selectively opened and closed via an opening mechanism such as a hinge (in the case of a rigid band  16 ), or a snap-on or button/button hole attachment (in the case of a flexible band  16 ). Such a mechanism facilitates both attachment and detachment of the linear material from the ramp connector  10  without having to feed or withdraw the linear material from underneath the retraction limiting band. The retraction limiting band  16  can be formed a rigid material, such as metal. Preferably, however, the band  16  is formed of more flexible materials, such as nylon to minimize stress and risk of the retraction limiting band  16  from biting into the hose and cutting it as the hose is “completely” unwound to the limit established by the band  16 . 
   In operation, an initial length of the linear material is wrapped around the drum  4  within the guide groove  14  and positioned between the limiting band  16  and the outer surface of the drum  4 . For example, if the retraction limiting band  16  is fixed and spans two coils of the guide groove  14 , as shown in  FIG. 2A , then a connecting end (not shown) of the linear material is preferably fed underneath the retraction limiting band  16  within each coil of the guide groove  14 , starting with the coil of the groove  14  located furthest away from the connector ramp  8 . The connecting end of the linear material is then channeled in the guide groove  14  and wrapped around the drum  4  so that the linear material is again fed underneath the band  16  within the groove  14  directly in line with the connector  10 . Next, the linear material connector is joined with the connector  10  on the face  12  of the ramp  8 . The operation of the reel  2  then continues in a similar fashion to the operation of the reel  2  shown in  FIG. 1 , except that when the linear material is completely unspooled the retraction limiting band  16  prevents an initial length of the linear material (about 1.25 wraps in the illustrated embodiment) from unwrapping from the reel drum ( FIG. 2A ). In alternate arrangements, employing an openable retraction limiting band  16 , as described above, the band can be first opened to facilitate laying the linear material into the coils of the guide groove  14  and connecting the linear material to the connector  10 . Once the linear material is positioned within the coils of the groove  14  and connected to the connector  10 , the band  16  can be closed. 
   Although the preferred embodiment shown in  FIG. 2A  employs the connector ramp  8 , guide groove  14 , and retraction limiting band  16 , it should be understood that alternate embodiments employ different combinations of these three particular aspects, such as only the retraction band and the connector ramp. Alternate embodiments employ the guide groove in combination with the retraction limiting band without a connector ramp. Other embodiments employ only a connector ramp. Some embodiments make use of only the retraction limiting band. 
   With reference to  FIG. 3A , the reel of  FIG. 2A  is shown with a linear material  18 , here a garden hose, spooled onto the reel drum. The proximal end  20  of the garden hose is preferably threaded or otherwise fitted onto the connector  10 , here a garden hose connector, extending from the connector ramp  8 . The retraction limit band  16  preferably extends over the first 1.25 wraps of the hose. 
     FIG. 3B  shows the linear material reel  2  of  FIG. 1  with a different linear material  18 , here an electrical cord, spooled thereon. Preferably, the male proximal end  20  of the electrical cord is plugged into an outlet located on the connector ramp face  12 , which is generally perpendicular to the outer cylindrical surface of the drum  4  ( FIG. 2A ). In addition, the width of each coil of the guide groove  14  is preferably adjusted for the width of the linear material  18 . For example, the coil width of the guide groove  14  employed in  FIG. 3B  for an electrical cord is preferably narrower than the coil width of the guide groove  14  employed for a garden hose ( FIG. 3A ). In addition, a retraction limiting band (not shown), as described above with respect to the garden hose embodiment, is preferably employed in order to prevent an initial length of electrical cord from completely unspooling from the reel drum. Alternative means of preventing tension stress to the connection upon “complete” cord retraction include the use “zip” ties or the like. 
     FIG. 4  shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention having a linear material reel  2  located in a housing  22 , which is illustrated with a spherical shape. Such a housing is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,279,848 B1, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Preferably, the reel  2  contained within the housing  22  is either motorized or, in alternate embodiments, is manually operated. In addition, the spherical housing  22  can be made mobile, such as by the provision of wheels  24 . In a preferred embodiment, the reel  2  of the invention is provided with a reciprocating mechanism to reciprocate a hose aperture for uniformly spooling the linear material across the drum, such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,279,848 B1. 
   Although the linear materials illustrated in preferred embodiments are electrical cords and garden hoses, it should be understood that the present invention has utility as to a variety of linear materials, including, but not limited to, air hoses, straps, cables, rope, wires and other linear materials. 
     FIG. 5  illustrates a method of reeling a linear material utilizing a retraction limiting band, a guide groove, and a connector ramp. The linear material is first fed  100  under a retraction limiting band at least once. Next, the linear material is channeled  110  into a guide groove. The linear material connector is then attached  120  to a connector ramp. Thereafter, the linear material is reeled  130  onto the drum by rotating the reel about its axis. In alternate embodiments, the method shown in  FIG. 5  is practiced without the use of a retraction limiting band. In yet other embodiments, the method of  FIG. 5  is practiced without the use of a guide groove. In yet another embodiment, the connector ramp is used but the guide groove and the retraction limiting band are both omitted from the design. In another embodiment, the retraction limiting band is used but the guide groove and the connector ramp are both omitted from the design. 
     FIG. 6  illustrates a method of reeling a linear material, similar to the method illustrated in  FIG. 5 . The difference is that the method of  FIG. 6  utilizes a retraction limiting band that can be opened and closed, as described above. In the method of  FIG. 6 , a retraction limiting band is first opened  200  and the linear material is connected  210  to the ramp connector. The linear material is then wrapped  220  around the drum so that when the band is subsequently closed, the band maintains a desired number of wraps of the linear material on the drum. Next, the band is closed  230  and the reel drum is rotated  240  to reel the linear material onto the drum. In some embodiments, the linear material is channeled into a guide groove when wrapping the linear material around the drum. 
   Advantageously, the preferred embodiments facilitate uniform spooling of linear material using a reel system that is not overly expensive or complex. An additional advantage of the preferred embodiments is reduction of stress on both the connecting section of a linear material and the connector itself. 
   Although this invention has been disclosed in the context of certain preferred embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of the invention and obvious modifications thereof. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the present invention herein disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments described above, but should be determined only by a fair reading of the claims that follow.