Patent Publication Number: US-7710383-B2

Title: Electro-optical device, method of driving electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus

Description:
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-294582 filed Oct. 7, 2004. The entire disclosure of the prior application is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
   BACKGROUND 
   The present invention relates to an electro-optical device that can change a display resolution. 
   In an electronic apparatus, such as a cellular phone, with an increase of the information amount, it is necessary to display an image with a high density. Accordingly, a resolution of a display device has been increasing every year. On the other hand, since the information transfer rate in a communication apparatus is insufficient and thus it is difficult to distribute high-resolution moving pictures, there are cases in which low-resolution images are distributed. 
   When the low-resolution images are displayed on a high-resolution display device, the display is made using only a portion of a screen, and thus a resolution conversion device is required. As the resolution conversion device, generally, a digital signal processor (DSP) or the like has been used. In this case, however, an increase in cost, a delay of the conversion process, or the like may occur. 
   For this reason, a technique has been suggested, in which a modulated clock signal is used as a clock signal to a shift register in order to select scanning lines and the scanning lines are sequentially selected two by two, such that the resolution in a scanning direction becomes a half (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-249639 (FIG. 4)). 
   However, in the above-described configuration, the modulated clock signal, which is used to display the low-resolution image, needs to have a different duty ratio from a reference clock signal, which is used to display a normal high-resolution image. For this reason, actually, the modulated clock signal needs to be generated from the reference clock signal or needs to be separately generated from the reference clock signal. As a result, the configuration is complicated. 
   SUMMARY 
   An advantage of the invention is that it provides an electro-optical device that can implement a configuration for converting a resolution with ease and simplicity and an electronic apparatus. 
   According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of driving an electro-optical device that has a plurality of pixel circuits provided so as to correspond to intersections of a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of data lines, a first scanning line driving circuit for selecting odd-numbered scanning lines in a predetermined sequence among the plurality of scanning lines, a second scanning line driving circuit for selecting even-numbered scanning lines in the predetermined sequence among the plurality of scanning lines, and a data line driving circuit for supplying data signals corresponding to grayscale levels of pixels to pixel circuits corresponding to the selected scanning line through the data lines. Each of the first and second scanning line driving circuits has a shift register that generates logic signals for selecting the scanning lines in the predetermined sequence through a shift operation of a pulse signal by a clock signal and an output control circuit that narrows the logic signals to pulse widths of enable signals and outputs the logic signals as scanning signals for selecting the scanning lines. The method of driving an electro-optical device includes, in a first mode, supplying enable signals having different phases to the first and second scanning line driving circuits, respectively, so as to alternately select odd-numbered and even-numbered scanning lines, and, in a second mode different from the first mode, supplying enable signals having the substantially same phase to the first and second scanning line driving circuits, respectively, so as to simultaneously select adjacent odd-numbered and even-numbered scanning lines two by two. In accordance with the aspect of the invention, only by adjusting the phase of the clock signal or the enable signal, the resolution in the vertical scanning direction can be changed. 
   According to the aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the clock signals in the first and second scanning line driving circuits have the substantially same phase in the first and second modes. In this case, the enable signals may be pulse signals having a duty ratio of about 50%. Further, the phase of the enable signal supplied to the second scanning line driving circuit may be shifted by about 180 degrees with respect to the phase of the enable signal supplied to the first scanning line driving circuit. 
   Further, the output control circuit may have a first circuit group that narrows the logic signals to a pulse width of a first enable signal so as to select a first group of scanning lines and a second circuit group that narrows the logic signals to a pulse width of a second enable signal having a phase shifted by 180 degrees from the phase of the first enable signal so as to select a second group of scanning lines. In the first mode, the output control circuit may shift the phases of the first and second enable signals supplied to the first scanning line driving circuit and the phases of the first and second enable signals supplied to the second scanning line driving circuit by about 90 degrees and may supply the first and second enable signals to the first and second scanning line driving circuits. Further, in the second mode, the output control circuit may cause the phases of the first and second enable signals supplied to the first scanning line driving circuit and the phases of the first and second enable signals supplied to the second scanning line driving circuit to be the substantially same phase and may supply the first and second enable signals to the first and second scanning line driving circuits. 
   Moreover, the invention can be conceptualized as an electro-optical device and an electronic apparatus, in addition to the method of driving an electro-optical device. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers reference like elements, and wherein: 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing a configuration of an electro-optical device according to a first embodiment of the invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a pixel circuit in the electro-optical device shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3  is a diagram showing a configuration of a Y driver for driving odd-numbered scanning lines; 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram showing a configuration of a Y driver for driving even-numbered scanning lines; 
       FIG. 5  is a timing chart showing an operation in a normal resolution mode; 
       FIG. 6  is a timing chart showing an operation in a low resolution mode; 
       FIG. 7  is a timing chart showing a modification of the operation of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 8  is a diagram showing a configuration of a Y driver for driving odd-numbered scanning lines according to a second embodiment of the invention; 
       FIG. 9  is a diagram showing a configuration of a Y driver for driving even-numbered scanning lines; 
       FIG. 10  is a timing chart showing an operation in a normal resolution mode; 
       FIG. 11  is a timing chart showing an operation in a low resolution mode; and 
       FIG. 12  is a perspective view showing a configuration of a cellular phone to which an electro-optical device is applied. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
   Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. An electro-optical device according to the present embodiment has a configuration that an element substrate, on which various transistors or pixel electrodes are formed, and a transparent counter substrate having a common electrode are bonded to each other at a constant gap and liquid crystal is interposed in the gap. 
     FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of an electro-optical device  10  according to the present embodiment. 
   As shown in  FIG. 1 , the electro-optical device  10  has a control circuit  12 , Y drivers  13  and  14 , and an X driver  16 . In the electro-optical device  10 , 360 scanning lines  112  extend in a horizontal direction (X direction) and 480 data lines  114  extend in a vertical direction (Y direction). In addition, pixel circuits  100  are arranged so as to correspond to intersections of the scanning lines  112  and the data lines  114 . Therefore, the pixel circuits  100  according to the present embodiment are arranged in a matrix shape of 360 rows×480 columns so as to form a pixel region  100   a.    
   According to the present embodiment, there are two resolution modes, that is, a normal resolution mode (first mode) in which a vertical resolution is a resolution corresponding to 360 lines and a low resolution mode (second mode) in which the vertical resolution is a resolution corresponding to a half of the normal resolution mode, that is, 180 lines. Further, a control circuit  12  controls the modes according to an instruction from an external circuit (not shown). 
   The control circuit  12  controls vertical scanning and horizontal scanning in the display region  100   a  and supplies to an X driver  16  display data for designating grayscale levels of pixels for one row which are subjected to horizontal scanning. More particularly, according to the present embodiment, the control circuit  12  supplies a transfer start signal SPL, a clock signal φL, an inverted clock signal φLinv, and an enable signal EnL to the Y driver  13 . In addition, the control circuit  12  supplies a transfer start signal SPR, a clock signal φR, an inverted clock signal φRinv, and an enable signal EnR to the Y driver  14 . 
   As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the transfer start signals SPL and SPR are pluses whose logical levels become H levels when a vertical scanning period is started. The clock signal φL and the inverted clock signal φLinv have cycles which are twice as much as one horizontal scanning period and duty ratios of 50%. The clock signal φL and the inverted clock signal φLinv are logically inverted to each other, as shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . 
   According to the present embodiment, the transfer start signals SPL and SPR are the same, regardless of the mode, but, for convenience, they are divided to be separately supplied to the Y drivers  13  and  14 . In addition, the clock signals φL and φR (inverted clock signals φLinv and φRinv) are the same, regardless of the mode, but, for convenience, they are divided to be separately supplied to the Y drivers  13  and  14 . 
   The enable signal EnL has a frequency which is twice as much as that of the clock signal φL and has a duty ratio of 50%. As shown in  FIG. 5 , in the normal resolution mode, a logical level of the enable signal EnL becomes a low level just after a logical level of the clock signal φL (inverted clock signal φLinv) is transited and then becomes a high level. In the low resolution mode, the enable signal EnL is also changed, as shown in  FIG. 6 . 
   In the normal resolution mode, the enable signal EnR is a signal which is obtained by inverting the logical level of the enable signal EnL, as shown in  FIG. 5 . However, in the low resolution mode, the enable signal EnR and the enable signal EnL are the same, as shown in  FIG. 6 . 
   Returning to  FIG. 1 , the Y driver (first scanning line driving circuit)  13  selects the odd-numbered (1, 3, 5, . . . , and 359) scanning lines  112  from the top in the predetermined sequence according to the mode, which will be described in detail below. In addition, the Y driver (second scanning line driving circuit)  14  selects the even-numbered (2, 4, 6, . . . , and 360) scanning lines  112  from the top in the predetermined sequence according to mode, which will be described in detail below. 
   The X driver  16  converts display data of pixels for one row corresponding to the selected scanning line  112  into data signals, each having a voltage suitable for driving liquid crystal, and supplies the data signals to the pixel circuits  100  through the data lines  114 . Here, the data signals supplied to the data lines  114  from the first column to 480-th column are represented by X -1 , X -2 , X -3 , . . . , and X -480 . 
   Next, the configuration of the pixel circuit  100  will be described with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 2 , in the pixel circuit  100 , a source of an n-channel TFT (thin film transistor)  116  is connected to the data line  114 , a drain thereof is connected to the pixel electrode  118 , and a gate thereof is connected to the scanning line  112 . 
   Further, a common electrode  108  is commonly provided with respect to all pixels so as to face the pixel electrodes  118  and is applied with a time-constant voltage LCcom. In addition, a liquid crystal layer  105  is interposed between the pixel electrodes  118  and the common electrode  108 . For this reason, for each pixel, a liquid crystal capacitor having the pixel electrode  118 , the common electrode  108 , and the liquid crystal layer  105  is formed. 
   Though not shown, alignment films subjected to a rubbing treatment are respectively provided on opposite surfaces of both substrates, such that major-axis directions of liquid crystal molecules are continuously twisted by about 90 degrees between both substrates. Further, polarizers are respectively provided on rear surfaces of both substrates alignment directions. 
   When an effective value of a voltage applied to the liquid crystal capacitor is zero, light passing through the pixel electrode  118  and the common electrode  108  is optically activated by about 90 degrees according to the twisted liquid crystal molecules. On the contrary, when the effective voltage value increases, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined in a direction in which an electric field is applied. As a result, the optical activity is cancelled. For this reason, in a transmission type, polarizers having polarization axes orthogonal to each other according to the alignment directions are respectively arranged on the incident side and the rear surface side. In this case, if the effective voltage value approximates zero, the transmittance of light becomes the maximum, so that a white display is performed. In addition, when the effective voltage value increases, an amount of transmitted light is decreased, such that a black display having the minimum transmittance is performed (normally white mode). 
   In addition, in order to reduce an amount of charge leakage from the liquid crystal capacitor through the TFT  116 , a storage capacitor  109  is provided for each pixel. One end of the storage capacitor  109  is connected to the pixel electrode  118  (the drain of the TFT  116 ) and the other end thereof is commonly connected to a lower potential Vss of a power supply over all pixels. 
   Moreover, the TFT  116  in the pixel circuit  100  is formed with the same manufacturing process as the transistor constituting the Y drivers  13  and  14  or the X driver  16 , which results in a small device at low cost. 
   Here, the configuration of the Y driver  13  for driving the odd-numbered scanning lines  112  will be described with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 3 , the Y driver  13  has a shift register  131 , an output control circuit  133 , and a level shifter/buffer circuit group  135 . 
   Among them, the shift register  131  has the configuration that odd-numbered-stage transfer circuits  1310  and even-numbered-stage transfer circuits  1320  are alternately connected at ‘181’ stages larger than ‘180’, which is half of the total number of the scanning lines  112 , by ‘1’ and the transfer start signal SPL is supplied to the first stage transfer circuit  1310  as an input signal. 
   The odd-numbered-stage transfer circuits  1310  output forward the input signals when the clock signal φL is the high level (when the inverted clock signal φLinv is the low level) and, when the clock signal φL is changed to the low level (when the inverted clock signal φLinv is changed to the high level), latch and output the output signals just before the change. 
   On the other hand, the even-numbered-stage transfer circuits  1320  output forward the input signals when the clock signal φL is the low level (when the inverted clock signal φLinv is the high level), and, when the clock signal φL is changed to the high level (when the inverted clock signal φLinv is changed to the low level), latch and output the output signals just before the change. 
   Here, for convenience, the output signals of the first, second, third, . . . , and 181-th-stage transfer circuits  1310  (or  1320 ) are represented by PL 1 , PL 2 , PL 3 , . . . , and PL 181 . 
   In the shift register  131 , when the transfer start signal SPL becomes the high level first during in the vertical scanning period, the signal PL 1  becomes the high level during one cycle of the clock signal φL after the clock signal φL becomes the high level (when the inverted clock signal φLinv becomes the low level) and then the signals PL 2 , PL 3 , . . . , and PL 181  are sequentially shifted by a half of the cycle of the clock signal φL with respect to the signal PL 1  to be outputted, as shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 3 , the output control circuit  133  has the configuration that a group of a NAND circuit  1331  and a NOR circuit  1332  is provided so as to correspond to each of the odd-numbered scanning lines  112 . Of them, a NAND circuit  1331  corresponding to an i-th scanning line  112  from the top calculates a negative logical product between an output signal from a {(i+1)/2}-th-stage transfer circuit in the shift register  131  and an output signal from a [{(i+1)/2}+1]-th-stage transfer circuit which is next to the {(i+1)/2}-th-stage transfer circuit and outputs it as a signal QL i . Here, i is a reference character which is used for convenience when the row of the scanning line  112  is not specified and is an integer satisfying the condition 1≦i≦360. However, in the Y driver  13  that drives the odd-numbered scanning lines  112 , i is an odd number. 
   For example, since i is 7, a NAND circuit  1331  corresponding to a seventh scanning line  112  calculates a negative logical product between an output signal PL 4  from a fourth-stage transfer circuit  1320  and an output signal PL 5  from a fifth-stage transfer circuit  1310  and outputs it as a signal QL 7 . 
   In addition, a NOR circuit  1332  corresponding to an i-th scanning line  112  calculates a negative logical sum between an output signal from a NAND circuit  1331  which is provided in a pair along with the NOR circuit  1332  and the enable signal EnL. 
   The level shifter/buffer circuit group  135  has the configuration that a pair of a level shifter  1351  and an inverter circuit group  1352  is provided so as to correspond to each of the odd-numbered scanning lines  112 . Of them, the level shifter  1351  converts a logical signal having a low amplitude into a logical signal having a high amplitude. In addition, the even number of inverters of the inverter circuit group  1352  are connected at multi-stages, sequentially increase driving capability of the high-amplitude logical signal from the level shifter  1351 , and supply the high-amplitude logical signal as a scanning signal. 
   Here, the high level of the high-amplitude signal is a voltage Vdd and the low level of the high-amplitude signal is a voltage Vss. Further, when an i-th scanning signal is represented by Y -i  for convenience, the logical level of the scanning signal Y -i  of the odd-numbered scanning line is equal to that of a negative logical sum signal from the i-th NOR circuit  1332 . 
   As seen from  FIG. 4 , the Y driver  14  for driving even-numbered scanning lines  112  and the Y driver  13  are symmetric on a basis of the display region  100   a.    
   Specifically, the Y driver  14  has a shift register  141 , an output control circuit  143 , and a level shifter/buffer circuit group  145 . Of them, like the shift register  131 , the shift register  141  has the configuration that odd-numbered-stage transfer circuits  1410  and even-numbered-stage transfer circuits  1420  are alternately connected at ‘181’ stages larger than ‘180’, which is a half of the total number of the scanning lines  112 , by ‘1’ and the transfer start signal SPR is supplied to the first-stage transfer circuit  1410  as an input signal. 
   Here, for convenience, the output signals of the first, second, third, . . . , and 181-th-stage transfer circuits  1410  (or  1420 ) are represented by PR 1 , PR 2 , PR 3 , . . . , and PR 181 . In the shift register  141 , similarly, when the transfer start signal SPR becomes the high level first in the vertical scanning period, the signal PR 1  becomes the high level during one cycle of the clock signal φR after the clock signal φR becomes the high level (when the inverted clock signal φRinv becomes the low level) and then the signals PR 2 , PR 3 , . . . , and PR 181  are sequentially shifted by a half of the cycle of the clock signal φR with respect to the signal PR 1  to be outputted, as shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 4 , the output control circuit  143  has the configuration that a group of a NAND circuit  1431  and a NOR circuit  1432  is provided so as to correspond to each of the odd-numbered scanning lines  112 . Of them, a NAND circuit  1431  corresponding to an i-th scanning line  112  from the top calculates a negative logical product between an output signal from a (i/2)-th-stage transfer circuit in the shift register  141  and an output signal from a {(i/2)+1}-th-stage transfer circuit which is next to the (i/2)-th-stage transfer circuit and outputs the negative logical product as a signal QR i . Here, since the description of the Y driver  14  for driving the odd-numbered scanning lines  112  is given, i is an even number. 
   For example, since i is 8, a NAND circuit  1431  corresponding to an eighth scanning line  112  calculates a signal of a negative logical product between an output signal PR 4  from a fourth-stage transfer circuit  1420  and an output signal PR 5  from a fifth-stage transfer circuit  1410  and outputs that signal as a signal QR 8 . 
   In addition, a NOR circuit  1432  corresponding to the i-th scanning line  112  calculates a negative logical sum between an output signal from a NAND circuit  1431  which is provided in a pair along with the NOR circuit  1432  and an enable signal EnR. 
   The level shifter/buffer circuit group  145  has the configuration that a group of a level shifter  1451  and an inverter circuit group  1452  is provided so as to correspond to each of the even-numbered scanning lines  112 . Output signals of the inverter circuit groups  1452  are supplied as the scanning signals of the even-numbered scanning lines. In addition, in the Y driver  14 , the logical level of the scanning signal Y -i  of the even-numbered scanning line is equal to that of a negative logical sum signal from the i-th NOR circuit  1432 . 
   Next, the operation of the electro-optical device  10  will be described, laying emphasis on the Y drivers  13  and  14 . 
   In the normal resolution mode, the control circuit  12  supplies the enable signal EnL to the Y driver  13  and supplies the enable signal EnR to the Y driver  14  such that the enable signal EnL and the enable signal EnR become the exclusive logical relationship, that is, have phases shifted by 180 degrees. 
   As such, in the output control circuit  133  of the Y driver  13 , the i-th (odd-numbered) NAND circuit  1331  outputs a positive logical product between an output signal PL (i+1)/2  from a {(i+1)/2}-th-stage transfer circuit in the shift register  131  and an output signal PL {(i+1)/2}+1  from a [{(i+1)/2}+1]-th-stage transfer circuit which is next to the {(i+1)/2}-th-stage transfer circuit as a signal QL i , as shown in  FIG. 5 . Therefore, of the output signals from the respective stage transfer circuits  1310  and  1320 , an overlap portion of adjacent high level pulses is calculated by the NAND circuit  1331  as a low level pulse. 
   Further, the i-th NOR circuit  1332  outputs a signal which becomes the high level only when the signal of the i-th NAND circuit  1331  and the enable signal EnL becomes the low level. As a result, the width of the low level pulse obtained by the NAND circuit  1331  narrows to the width of the low level pulse of the enable signal EnL to be inverted, such that a high level pulse is generated. The signals are outputted as scanning signals Y -1 , Y -3 , Y -5 , . . . , and Y -359  after the high amplitude conversion and buffering by the level shifter/buffer circuit group  135 . 
   On the other hand, in the output control circuit  143  of the Y driver  14 , the I-th (even-numbered) NAND circuit  1431  outputs a positive logical product between an output signal PR i/2  from a (i/2)-th-stage transfer circuit in the shift register  131  and an output signal PR (i/2)+1  from a {(i/2)+1}-th-stage transfer circuit which is next to the (i/2)-th-stage transfer circuit as a signal QR i . Therefore, of the output signals from the respective stage transfer circuits  1410  and  1420 , an overlap portion of adjacent high level pulses is calculated by the NAND circuit  1431  as a low level pulse. 
   Further, the i-th NOR circuit  1432  outputs a signal which becomes the high level only when the signal of the i-th NAND circuit  1431  and the enable signal EnR become the low level. As a result, the width of the low level pulse obtained by the NAND circuit  1431  narrows to the width of the low level pulse of the enable signal EnR to be inverted, such that a high level pulse is generated. The signals are outputted as scanning signals Y -2 , Y -4 , Y -6 , . . . , and Y -360  after the high amplitude conversion and buffering by the level shifter/buffer circuit group  145 . 
   Since the shift register  131  in the Y driver  13  and the shift register  141  in the Y driver  14  have the same clock signal and the same transfer start signal, the output signals PL 1 , PL 2 , PL 3 , . . . , and PL 181  of the respective stage transfer circuits have the same waveforms as the output signals PR 1 , PR 2 , PR 3 , . . . , and PR 181  of the respective stage transfer circuits, as shown in  FIG. 5 . However, since the enable signal EnR is delayed by a half of the cycle with respect to the enable signal EnL, the scanning signals Y -2 , Y -4 , . . . , and Y -360  are also delayed by a half of the cycle of the enable signal EnL with respect to the scanning signals Y -1 , Y -3 , and Y -359 . 
   For this reason, in the normal resolution mode, the odd-numbered and even-numbered scanning lines  112  are alternately selected. More particularly, the scanning lines  112  are selected in an order of the first, second, third, fourth, . . . , 359-th, and 360-th. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, in the normal resolution mode, as viewed from the same column, since a different data signal is written for each row, the vertical resolution becomes 360 lines. 
   Here, in the normal resolution mode, when any scanning line  112  is selected and the scanning signal of the corresponding scanning line becomes the high level, the TFT  116  is turned on in the pixel circuit  100  located at the selected scanning line  112 . Therefore, the voltage of the data signal is written in the pixel electrode  118 . Then, even though the selection state of the corresponding scanning line is released and the TFT  116  is turned off, the voltage applied to the pixel electrode  118  is held. Therefore, in the liquid crystal element, the amount of transmitted light is determined according to an effective voltage value determined by the difference between the voltage of the data signal written in the pixel electrode  118  and the voltage applied to the common electrode  108 . When the writing operation is performed over all the pixel circuits  100  by sequentially selecting the scanning lines  112  one by one, that is, vertical scanning, predetermined display is performed in the display region  100   a.    
   In the low resolution mode, the control circuit  12  supplies the enable signal EnL to the Y driver  13  and supplies the enable signal EnR to the Y driver  14  such that the enable signal EnL and the enable signal EnR have the same logic, that is, the same phase. 
   In the low resolution mode, the shift register  131  in the Y driver  13  and the shift register  141  in the Y driver  14  are supplied with the same clock signal and transfer start signal as those in the normal resolution mode. As a result, the output signals PL 1 , PL 2 , PL 3 , . . . , and PL 181  and PR 1 , PR 2 , PR 3 , . . . , and PR 181  of the respective stage transfer circuits are the same waveforms as those in the normal resolution mode, as shown in  FIG. 6 . Therefore, of the negative logical product signals QL 1 , QL 2 , QL 3 , QL 4 , . . . , and QL 359  and the negative logical product signals QR 2 , QR 4 , QR 6 , . . . , and QR 360 , adjacent signals have the same waveform, as shown in  FIG. 6  (for example, the first and second rows and the third and forth rows). 
   Here, in the low resolution mode, the enable signal EnR is equal to the enable signal EnL. For this reason, of the scanning signals Y -1 , Y -3 , Y -5 , . . . , and Y -359  obtained by exciting and inverting the negative logical product signals QL 1 , QL 3 , QL 5 , . . . , and QL 359  with the low level pulse of the enable signal EnL and the scanning signals Y -2 , Y -4 , Y -6 , . . . , and Y -360  obtained by exciting and inverting the negative logical product signals QR 2 , QR 4 , QR 6 , . . . , and QL 360  with the low level pulse of the enable signal EnR, adjacent signals have the same waveform. 
   For this reason, in the low resolution mode, the scanning lines  112  are selected two by two in such a manner that the odd-numbered scanning line and the subsequent even-numbered scanning line are simultaneously selected. That is, as viewed from the same column, since the same data signal is written in the pixel circuits  100  disposed in the odd-numbered scanning line and the subsequent even-numbered scanning lines, the vertical resolution becomes 180 lines in the low resolution mode which is a half of 360 lines in the normal resolution mode. 
   Therefore, according to the present embodiment, even in the normal resolution mode or the low resolution mode, the clock signal φR and the inverted clock signal φRinv supplied to the Y driver  14  are not changed together with the clock signal φL and the inverted clock signal φLinv supplied to the Y driver  13 . Further, the enable signal EnR and the enable signal EnL are the same in the low resolution mode and have the logical inversion relationship in the high resolution mode. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, even when the resolution is changed, the clock signal and the enable signal do not need to be separately generated. Therefore, the configuration can be prevented from being complicated. 
   Further, according to the first embodiment, in the normal resolution mode, the clock signal φR (the inverted clock signal φRinv) and the transfer start signal SPR have the same phase as the clock signal φL (the inverted clock signal φLinv) and the transfer start signal SPL. However, the invention is not limited to this configuration. As shown in  FIG. 7 , in the normal resolution mode, the clock signal φR (the inverted clock signal φRinv) and the transfer start signal SPR may be delayed by 90 degrees with respect to the clock signal φL (the inverted clock signal φLinv) and the transfer start signal SPL. According to this configuration, the same advantages as those in the first embodiment can be obtained. 
   Next, a second embodiment of the invention will be described. An electro-optical device  10  according to the second embodiment is different from the electro-optical device according to the first embodiment in portions of Y drivers  13  and  14 . More particularly, in a Y driver  13 , the number of transfer circuits  1310  and  1320  in a shift register  131  is ‘180’ which is a half of the total number of scanning lines  112 . In addition, an output control circuit  133  has the configuration in which a plurality of NAND circuits  1336  are provided to correspond to the scanning lines  112 , respectively. Further, in the output control circuit  133 , a logical product signal between an output signal from an odd-numbered-stage transfer circuit  1310  and a negative signal of a first enable signal EnL 1  is calculated and a logical product signal between an output signal from an even-numbered-stage transfer circuit  1320  and a negative signal of a second enable signal EnL 2  is calculated. The logical product signals are respectively supplied to level shifters  1351  of level shifter/buffer circuit groups  135 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 9 , the Y driver  14  is symmetric to the Y driver  13  with a display region  100   a  interposed therebetween. The Y driver  14  is supplied with a first enable signal EnR 1  and a second enable signal EnR 2 , instead of the first enable signal EnL 1  and the second enable signal EnL 2 . 
   According to the second embodiment, in a normal resolution mode, the control circuit  12  supplies to the Y driver  13 , as the first enable signal EnL 1 , the following signal. That is, as shown in  FIG. 10 , the first enable signal EnL 1  is a signal which becomes the low level during a half of a cycle of a high level pulse of a clock signal φL from a rising edge of the clock signal φL (that is, a quarter of a cycle of the clock signal φL). Further, the control circuit  12  delays the first enable signal EnL 1  by a half of the cycle of the clock signal φL and supplies the delayed signal to the Y driver  13  as the second enable signal EnL 2 . Furthermore, the control circuit  12  delays the first enable signal EnL 1  by a quarter of the cycle of the clock signal φL (that is, a cycle of a low level pulse of the first enable signal EnL 1 ) and supplies the delayed signal to the Y driver  14  as the first enable signal EnR 1 . In the same manner, the control circuit  12  delays the second enable signal EnL 2  by a quarter of the cycle of the clock signal φL and supplies the delayed signal to the Y driver  14  as the second enable signal EnR 2 . 
   According to the second embodiment, in a low resolution mode, the control circuit  12  does not change the first enable signal EnL 1  and the second enable signal EnL 2 , unlike the normal resolution mode, as shown in  FIG. 11 . However, in the low resolution mode, the control circuit  12  allows the first enable signal EnR 1  and the second enable signal EnR 2  supplied to the Y driver  14  to be the same as the first enable signal EnL 1  and the second enable signal EnL 2  supplied to the Y driver  13 . 
   Like the first embodiment, according to the second embodiment, in the normal resolution mode, the odd-numbered scanning line and the even-numbered scanning line are alternately selected. More particularly, the scanning lines are selected in an order of the first, second, third, fourth, . . . , 359-th, and 360-th, as shown in  FIG. 10 . As a result, the vertical resolution becomes 360 lines. In addition, in the low resolution mode, the odd-numbered scanning line  112  and the subsequent even-numbered scanning line  112  are simultaneously selected two by two, as shown in  FIG. 11 . Therefore, the vertical resolution becomes 180 lines in the low resolution mode which is a half of 360 lines in the normal resolution mode. 
   Therefore, according to the second embodiment, the clock signal φR (inverted clock signal φRinv) equal to the clock signal φL (inverted clock signal φLinv) can be used, regardless of the change of the resolution. In addition, in the normal resolution mode, the first enable signal EnR 1  and the second enable signal EnR 2  supplied to the Y driver  14  are obtained by delaying the first enable signal EnL 1  and the second enable signal EnL 2  supplied to the Y driver  13  by a quarter of the cycle of the clock signal φL. For this reason, like the first embodiment, according to the second embodiment, since the clock signal or enable signal does not need to be separately generated at the time of the change of the resolution, the configuration can be prevented from being complicated. 
   In addition, the first embodiment may have the configuration that, in the low resolution mode, the enable signal EnL (EnR) constantly has the low level and the negative logical sum signal of the NOR circuit  1332  ( 1432 ) is supplied to the level shifter/buffer circuit group  135 . According to this configuration, the selection period of the odd-numbered scanning line and the subsequent even-numbered scanning line can be doubled. 
   In the same manner, in the second embodiment, if the first enable signal EnL 1  (EnR 1 ) has the same waveform as the inverted clock signal φLinv (φRinv) and the second enable signal EnL 2  (EnR 2 ) has the same waveform as the clock signal φL (φR), the selection period of the odd-numbered scanning line and the subsequent even-numbered scanning line can be doubled. 
   In the above-described embodiments, positive logic circuits are basically provided, but negative logic circuits may be provided. In addition, according to the respective embodiments, the normally white mode is used, in which, when the effective voltage values of the common electrode  108  and the pixel electrode  118  are small, a white display is performed. However, a normally black mode for performing a black display may be used. 
   In addition, according the above-described embodiments, the TN-type liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal. Alternatively, bi-stable liquid crystal having a memory property, such as BTN (bi-stable twisted nematic) liquid crystal and ferroelectric liquid crystal, polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, and GH (guest host)-type liquid crystal which is obtained by dissolving a pigment (guest) having anisotropy in absorbing visible light in a major-axis direction and a minor-axis direction of molecules into liquid crystal having constant molecule arrangement (host) and by arranging dye molecules to be parallel to the liquid crystal molecules, can be used. 
   In addition, a vertical alignment (homeotropic alignment) may be used, in which, when a voltage is not applied, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a vertical direction with respect to both substrates and, when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a horizontal direction with respect to both substrates. Further, a horizontal alignment (homogeneous alignment) may be used, in which, when a voltage is not applied, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a horizontal direction with respect to both substrates and, when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a vertical direction with respect to both substrates. As such, the invention can be applied to various configurations with respect to the liquid crystal or alignment direction. 
   In the above-described embodiments, the liquid crystal device has been described. However, the invention is not limited to the liquid crystal device. For example, the invention may be applied to a device using an EL (electronic luminescent) element, an electron emission element, an electrophoresis element, and a digital mirror element, or a plasma display device. 
   Next, as described above, an example of an electronic apparatus to which the above-described electro-optical device  10  is applied will be described.  FIG. 12  is a perspective view showing the configuration of a cellular phone to which the above-described electro-optical device  10  is applied as a display unit. 
   In  FIG. 12 , the cellular phone  1200  includes a plurality of operating buttons  1202 , a receiver  1204 , a transmitter  1206 , and the electro-optical device  10 . In addition, as the electronic apparatus, in addition to the cellular phone shown in  FIG. 12 , direct-view-type devices, such as a liquid crystal television, a view-finder-type or monitor-direct-view-type video tape recorder, a car navigation device, a pager, an electronic organizer, an electronic calculator, a word processor, a workstation, a video phone, a POS terminal, and a touch panel, and a projection-type device, such as a projector in which reduced images are formed and projected in enlarged scales can be exemplified.