Patent Publication Number: US-2023149863-A1

Title: Submersible system for production of a stabilized gas flux

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     Not Applicable. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable. 
    
    
     REFERENCE TO A “SEQUENCE LISTING,” A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM 
     Not Applicable. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for injecting and predissolving gases into a liquid to produce high concentrations of microscopic (non-rising) gas bubbles in the invention’s liquid exit stream. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the Submersible System for Production of a Stabilized Flux, which may be embodied in various forms. It is to be understood that in some instances, various aspects of the invention may be shown exaggerated or enlarged to facilitate an understanding of the invention. Therefore, the drawings may not be to scale. 
         FIG.  1    is an embodiment of the submersible diffusion system for stable flow. 
         FIG.  2    shows the lower unit. 
         FIG.  3    shows the lower unit without the screening system. 
         FIG.  4    shows the water intake and ambient air intake systems. 
         FIG.  5    is an embodiment of the upper unit. 
         FIG.  6    is view of the upper unit shown in  FIG.  5   . 
         FIG.  7    is a cutaway view of  FIG.  5   . 
         FIG.  8    is a cutaway view of  FIG.  6   . 
         FIG.  9    is an embodiment of the nozzle and exiting flow. 
         FIG.  10    shows the aux feed (gas or liquid) point and backflow preventor. 
     
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Municipal and industrial water dischargers are regulated by state or federal environmental agencies to ensure the biological oxygen demand (“BOD”) has been reduced to an appropriate level before discharge. Achieving the proper BOD levels ensures that there is no deleterious effect to the dissolved oxygen content of the receiving body of water. 
     These water bodies have relied on aeration systems to maintain ecological health for decades. An evolution in technology has introduced gas dissolution systems to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency in treatment. In addition to lowering the BOD, gas dissolution has become an important tool in treating water in a host of other applications, such as eliminating algal blooms, controlling odors, and reducing nutrient levels. These effects are well known. 
     The principal of operation of diffusion techniques comprises the introduction of a gas under pressure into a liquid carrier to effectively dissolve the gas. An effective system will discharge a highly concentrated stream of microscopically sized gas bubbles in the exiting liquid (or “flux”). 
     Prior art gas dissolution systems rely almost exclusively on increasing the partial pressure applied above the gas to water interface to dissolve the oxygen gas into the desired fluid. That is, the systems use the general physical phenomena that the amount of a gas dissolved by a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas upon the liquid (referred to herein as “Henry’s Law”). This rule holds for dilute solutions with low gas pressure. 
     One example of prior art is a floating aeration system consisting of a water pump which forces water into the ambient air so that some air molecules are incorporated into the water before the fluid is returned back to the desired body of water. These types of systems are often used in stagnant semi-stagnant water bodies, such as a pond to decrease algae growth. Since no additional partial pressure was exerted in this technology, the gas bubbles formed will be too big in size, and therefore, buoyant to remain entrained in the water body. They will quickly rise to the surface and dissipate. 
     In other prior art systems, compressed or pressurized gases are pumped through a fine bubble diffuser positioned on the bottom of the pond. The bubbles created by these systems suffer from the same buoyancy issues described above. Pressure was applied to the gas, but the gas was not effectively mixed with the liquid carrier before its discharge into the water body. These bubbles will also be too big in size to stay in solution. They will also rise quickly and dissipate. Thus, the oxygen is not effectively entrained in the treated water body. 
     One example of a prior art gas dissolution system blends a steady flow of pressurized gas into a high flow and highly pressure liquid carrier to produce the desired microscopic bubble sizes. These pressurized systems are not submersible; instead, they rely on a large external liquid pump to force the liquid flow across a gas diffuser. The force of the water across the diffuser membrane pulls the oxygen gas feed into solution, before being discharged back into the water body. 
     Other prior art systems rely on large external liquid pumps to bring the liquid carrier into the top of a high-pressure tank where highly pressurized gases are also introduced. The mixing or blending of the pressurized (oxygen) gas with the pressurized liquid produces the desired effect of smaller bubbles entrained within the fluid. Moreover, the gases and liquids are transported as separated components, to a dedicated reaction zone for contact and then discharged. Because of this separation of travel, no gas dissolution occurs during their individual long runs of pipe prior to the reaction zone. Because of this, the reaction times (in the tank) become a limiting factor, with the average contact opportunity time being limited to less than one minute before discharge. The discharge product exits the tank and immediately losses the applied pressure it was subjected to in the tank.-Any bubbles that are larger than a microscopic size will begin to separate immediately. This is not ideal because it lowers the gas concentration in the exiting product. Like the previous art, these pressurized systems are not submersible. 
     Some prior art systems use in-line static mixers in an attempt to achieve the successful collisions under pressure to reach microscopic size and to address the shortcomings of the prior art discussed above. However, the static mixers are incapable of applying enough turbulent pressure to achieve the microscopic size. Shortly after the mixer location, the bubbles will grow large and float to the top of the pipe (“crowning effect”) reducing the effectiveness of the exiting product. Although these mixers achieve the mixing of gas and liquid, they lack the applied pressure necessary to entrain the gas bubbles over a longer duration and to maintain a microscopic scale of the bubbles. Thus, inline static mixers suffer from increased head loss across the system. This causes more strain on the water pumps, which shortens the operational life and increases the system’s energy consumption. 
     Thus, a system is needed that produces a consistent liquid product containing entrained, highly concentrated, microscopically sized gas bubbles for diffusion into a water body in need of treatment. This inventive system and method provides a diffusion system comprising an upper unit and a lower unit. The upper unit comprises a series of tubing that is situated so as to effectuate collision of the fluid and air molecules. The upper unit uses vortex winding and unwinding to avoid gas and liquid separation to quickly accomplish successful collisions between a gas and a liquid. Additionally, the upper unit configuration uses pressure drops and pressure gradient changes, in order to achieve successful collisions. The lower unit comprises a filtering system, liquid intake system, air intake system, and submersible liquid transportation system. The discharge system imparts a strong vortex which acts as a force multiplier for pond/tank mixing, which serves as a “free and effective” catalyst for biological and chemical reactions. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The subject matter of the present invention is described with specificity herein to meet statutory requirements. However, the description itself is not intended to necessarily limit the scope of claims. Rather, the claimed subject matter might be embodied in other ways to include different steps or combinations of steps similar to the ones described in this document, in conjunction with other present or future technologies. 
     This inventive system and method provide a collision chamber which induces vortex flow and forces collisions between air and water molecules. The resulting flow exiting the system comprises entrained bubbles that are nanoscopic or microscopic in size. This scale of the bubbles produces and suspended within the fluid is defined herein as a stabilized “flux.” The bubbles remain entrained, suspended, and dispersed through the flux as the stream is introduced into the waterbody. The bubbles in the flux also tend to be negatively charged, which aids in conglomeration and settling of suspended particles which are positively charged within the waterbody. 
     The system comprises an upper unit  101  and a lower unit  201 . The upper unit comprises a series of tubing  701  that is situated so as to effectuate collisions between the fluid and the gas molecules. The upper unit (sometimes referred to herein as the liquid/gas collision chamber, or “LGCC”)  701  uses vortex spins which are wound and unwound through the shape of the pipe to accomplish successful collisions between a gas and liquid. Additionally, the upper unit  701  configuration uses pressure drops and pressure gradient changes under Henry’s Law, to achieve successful collisions between the gas and liquid. As used herein “successful collisions” means that the gas molecules are collided with fluid molecules so that the gas molecules are compressed and form microscopic or nanoscopic (approx. 50 nm to 200 nm) bubbles, which in turn decreases the buoyancy of the resulting bubbles. 
     Because of the scale of the bubbles, they become negatively charged. This is helpful in waterbody purification applications. 
     The lower unit comprises a filtering system  301 , liquid or water intake system  401 , air intake system  501 , and submersible pump  601 . In one or more embodiments, the system may also comprise an auxiliary air system and compressor, which provides a second stream of either ambient air or other gas (or both) to the system. 
     Water is pulled in through the filter system  301  from a water body by the submersible pump  601 . In one or more embodiments, the filter system  301  comprises a metal mesh as a screen  302  encircling the lower unit  301  as shown in  FIG.  2   . The size of the mesh is preferably ¼ inch, however, in other embodiments, the mesh sizing is any size suitable to ensure larger particles do not enter the intake system  401 . In a preferred embodiment, the screen  301  is an inch away from the water intake system  401 . In other embodiments the filter system  301  may comprise more than an inch. 
     The submersible pump  601  may be any known in the industry suitable for pulling water from the waterbody and through the system. The pump  601  is cavitation and corrosion resistant through means known in the art, including controlling the RPM to a range up to 3500 rpm, installing an inducer, controlling the temperature of the pump, and through selected materials. 
     After passing through the filtering system  301 , the liquid is pulled into the liquid intake system  401 . One embodiments of the liquid intake system  401  is shown in  FIG.  4   . 
     Air is injected into the system through the air intake system. The main air intake system  501  comprises an air intake nozzle and attached breather tube  503 . The breather tube  503  is open to the ambient air at one end and, when in use, extends beyond the surface of the water to facilitate access to ambient air. The open end of the breather tube  503  may be attached to a float or may be extended to a nearby water shore. There may be a regulator  502  attached to the breather tube  503 . 
     The other end of the breather tube  503  is in fluid connection with the pump  601  and the air intake nozzle  504 , so that the ambient air is pulled into the system through the pump along with the fluid. Based on the shape of the intake of the pump  601 , a venturi uses the negative pressure generated to draw the air in as a second fluid to the primary flow. In particular, using the kinetic energy of the water flowing through the pump intake, a venturi effect is activated to induce air flow through the pump and to draw the air into the primary fluid, water. 
     In one or more embodiments, the system also includes an auxiliary air induction inlet on the upper unit  506 ,  507 .  FIG.  10    shows one embodiment. This auxiliary air induction system also comprises a compressor or pressurized tank. This allows the system to also pull in pressurized air or oxygen to further excite the flow through the LGCC  701 . As shown in  FIGS.  5  and  6   , the auxiliary air induction system connection  506  and back flow preventer  507  are shown. When the auxiliary air induction system is engaged, the ambient air side of the breather tube  503  is constricted, but not closed completely. 
     The LGCC  701  and lower unit  201  are connected with a modular connector  202  shown in  FIG.  2   . The LGCC  701  comprises a series of piping and clamp fittings. The flow direction is shown in  FIGS.  7  and  8    as it travels through the LGCC. In a preferred embodiment tri-clamp sanitary pipe and stainless-steel (SS) fittings are used. In one or more embodiments, high pressure  304  SS sections are used; however, any piping suitable to manufacture the flow pattern claimed herein and provide corrosion resistance may be used. In one or more embodiments, silicon gaskets are used to great a water-tight seal. 
     Successful collision is achieved based on the configuration of the tubing in the LGCC  701 . In short, the water and gas enter into the upper unit as vortex flow supplied by the submersible pump  601 . The first section of piping comprises a 90-degree elbow or turn, which provides further collision opportunities and assists in maintaining the vortex flow. After the 90-degree elbow, the flow is split at a y-shaped section. Splitting the flow in this manner reduces the velocity of the flow. A decrease in velocity increase the pressure on the flow under Henry’s Law and creates further turbulence within the flow. This turbulence results in more successful collisions. After the y-shaped section, the flow is directed through sections that turn the flow approximately 180-degrees, after which the flow is returned to a single stream through an inverted y-section and is then directed through a series of 90-degree turn sections to initiate and continue vortex flow. The flow is then directed through concentric circle piping nozzle, as more fully discussed below. 
     By directing the flow through the turn sections and y-sections, the vortex is “wound” and “unwound” which leads to more successful collision and ensures that the resulting gas bubbles do not crown at the top of the piping. The flow that results is defined herein as a “flux” and comprises a fluid with integrated microscopic or nanoscopic bubbles that maintain their shape and position within the flow. 
     In order to more fully describe an embodiment of the LGCC  701  discussed above,  FIG.  5    is now described. As depicted in  FIG.  5   , as the fluid leaves the pump it enters the intake section  702 . The intake section may also contain a “T” intake which can be used for injection of additional gas into the fluid. In one preferred embodiment intake section  702  will be constructed of 2-inch diameter stainless steel sanitary pipe that is approximately 8 inches long. 
     Upon leaving the intake section  702 , the fluid is then split into two separate flow paths by using a first Y section. The first Y section consist of a first Y straight section  703  and two first Y splits  704 ,  705  that diverge at 45 degrees from the Y straight section  703 . 
     After the first Y split, each path will include two 90-degree sections that create a 180 degree turn  706  as shown in  FIG.  6   . In a preferred embodiment, the 90-degree sections for each path will be constructed of tubing that is 2 inches in diameter and approximately 5 inches in length around the outside curve of the 90-degree section. This configuration is also known as a “Y connector.” 
     After the fluid has gone through the 90° sections of each path, the divergent fluid paths are converged in a second Y section  707  as shown in  FIGS.  7  and  8   . After the divergent fluid paths are converged through the Y section  707 , the fluid goes into a straight portion of the second Y section  708 . In a preferred embodiment, that straight portion is approximately 6 inches in length. 
     From there the fluid will go through a series of 90-degree street elbow fittings,  709 - 711 . The smooth and flowing street elbows maximize flow dynamics and reduce the pumping horsepower necessary to form a microscopic bubble flow. 
     After exiting the last 90-degree street elbow, the fluid goes into the Final Collision Chamber (FCC)  714 , which consists of an expander  714   a  which is 2 inches in diameter at the entry, 3 inches at the exit, and 5 inches in length. Following the expander is a first concentric reducer  714   b  which takes the diameter down from 3 inches to 2 inches and is 5 inches in length. A second concentric reducer  714   c  reduces the diameter from 2 inches to 1 inch and is 3 inches in length. This is the configuration designed and placed in-line for the creation of a strong spinning counter-clockwise vortex discharge. In some embodiments, the flow is discharged in a vortex from the second reducer. 
     The discharged fluid is a flux, which comprises nano or micro gas bubbles entrained in the water (or other fluid). The discharge flow exists in a vortex. 
     For the purpose of understanding the Submersible System for Production of a Stabilized Gas Flux, references are made in the text to exemplary embodiments of a Submersible System for Production of a Stabilized Gas Flux, only some of which are described herein. It should be understood that no limitations on the scope of the invention are intended by describing these exemplary embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that alternate but functionally equivalent components, materials, designs, and equipment may be used. The inclusion of additional elements may be deemed readily apparent and obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art. Specific elements disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but rather as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one of ordinary skill in the art to employ the present invention. 
     Although the invention has been described with reference to the above examples, it will be understood that modifications and variations are encompassed within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is limited only by the following claims