Patent Publication Number: US-2016223059-A1

Title: Ball Screw

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a ball screw. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Ball screws are devices including a nut having a spiral groove formed in an inner peripheral surface, a screw shaft having a spiral groove formed in an outer peripheral surface, balls arranged between a raceway formed by the spiral groove of the nut and the spiral groove of the screw shaft; and a ball return passage for returning the balls from an end point of the raceway to a start point. The ball screw is configured such that via the balls that roll within the raceway, the nut moves relatively to the screw shaft and coverts a linear motion into a rotational motion or converts a rotational motion into a linear motion. 
     Such ball screws are used not only for positioning devices or the like of general industrial machines but also for electric actuators mounted on vehicles, such as automobiles, two-wheeled vehicles, and ships. Such electric actuators are demanded to be low in vibration and small in noise. 
     PTL 1 discloses a linear motion actuator including a rotational motion element and a linear motion element, and a ball screw mechanism that converts a rotational motion transmitted to the rotational motion element into a linear motion. The ball screw mechanism has a guide protrusion that is provided in the linear motion element and protrudes in a radial direction, and a guide groove that guides the guide protrusion. The guide groove is arranged at a fixing portion facing the linear motion element so as to engage with the guide protrusion to guide the guide protrusion in an axial direction. The detent of the linear motion element is performed by the engagement between the guide groove and the guide protrusion. 
     Additionally, in the above ball screw mechanism, the axial length of the guide protrusion is set to a length capable of protruding from the guide groove by a predetermined length while engaging with the guide groove. Additionally, a locking portion capable of locking the guide protrusion to the rotational motion element is provided. At the stroke end of the axial motion element, the guide protrusion protrudes from the guide groove by a predetermined length while engaging with the guide groove, and a protruding portion of the guide protrusion is locked to the locking portion. That is, the guide protrusion has not only the detent function of the linear motion element but also the stopper function for the rotational motion element. 
     Additionally, PTL 1 discloses an example of a nut in which the rotational motion element constitutes the ball screw mechanism and which has a columnar body protruding from an axial end surface as the locking portion. When the shape of the nut of the ball screw is not a simple cylindrical member as in this example, the center of gravity of the nut deviates from the rotational center line of the nut. If the center of gravity of the nut deviates from the rotational center line of the nut, the nut rotates unevenly when the ball screw is driven. Along with this, a load applied to the balls that roll within a raceway becomes uneven. As a result, since the circulation of the balls becomes uneven, vibration is generated in the ball screw. 
     Meanwhile, in a ball screw including a return tube as a member that forms the ball return passage, the return tube is attached to a flat surface provided on the outer peripheral surface of the nut. Therefore, the center of gravity of the nut deviates from the rotational center line of the nut. 
     In contrast, PTL 2 discloses that the center of gravity of a nut is brought close to a rotational center line of a nut by forming the shape of the nut in a shape in which a flat portion (attachment seat) for attaching a return tube, and plural thinning machined portions (cut-off portions of an outer peripheral portion) are provided at a cylindrical member or by providing the attachment seat with a weight member. 
     It is to be noted that in a ball screw including a piece as a member that forms the ball return passage, the piece in which a recessed portion that forms the ball return passage is formed is fitted into a through-hole that is provided in the nut and extends in the radial direction of the nut. Generally, the piece allows a start point and an end point of a raceway equivalent to one circulation of the ball screw to communicate with each other and allows a ball at the end point of the ball screw to ride over the screw thread (land portion) of the spiral groove to return the ball to the start point. Usually, plural the pieces are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the nut. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     
         
         PTL 1: JP 2013-100921 A 
         PTL 2: JP 2010-38217 A 
       
    
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     As mentioned above, in the ball screw mechanism described in PTL 1, the nut has a protruding portion that protrudes from the axial end surface in one place in the circumferential direction. As a result, there is a problem that the nut rotates unevenly when the ball screw is driven, and vibration is generated. 
     If the method described in PTL 2 is applied in order to solve this problem, the thickness of the nut becomes small due to the thinning machined portions. Therefore, the strength needed for the nut may not be ensured. If the strength of the nut is ensured by thickening the thinning machined portions, portions other than the thinning machined portions become excessively thick. As a result, there are concerns about enlargement of the entire nut and an increase in the weight of the nut. Besides, the manufacturing cost of the nut is increased by forming the thinning machined portions. 
     An object of the present invention is to bring the center of gravity of a nut close to a rotational center line of the nut without forming a thinning machined portion in the nut, in a ball screw including the nut having a protruding portion protruding from an axial end surface in a portion in a circumferential direction. 
     Solution to Problem 
     In order to solve the above problems, the ball screw in one embodiment of the present invention has the following configurations (a) to (d). 
     (a) The ball screw is a device including a nut having a spiral groove formed on an inner peripheral surface; a screw shaft having a spiral groove formed on an outer peripheral surface; balls arranged between a raceway formed by the spiral groove of the nut and the spiral groove of the screw shaft; and a ball return passage configured to return the balls from an end point of the raceway to a start point of the raceway. In the above-described device, the balls roll within the raceway and the screw shaft moves in an axial direction when the nut rotates. 
     (b) The nut includes a protruding portion configured to protrude from an axial end surface. 
     (c) The ball return passage is a recessed portion formed on the inner peripheral surface of the nut. 
     (d) A center of gravity of the nut deviates from a rotational center line due to the protruding portion, and deviation is made smaller by the recessed portion. 
     That is, the ball screw in one embodiment of the present invention may have the above configuration (d) in the ball screw having the above configuration (a) to (c). 
     A portion of the nut in which the recessed portion is formed is lighter than the other portions of the nut, and a portion of the nut in which the protruding portion is formed is heavier than the other portions of the nut. In the aspect of the present invention, the deviation of the center of gravity of the nut from the rotational center line caused by the protruding portion is made small by appropriately combining a light portion resulting from the recessed portion with a heavy portion resulting from the protruding portion. 
     The recessed portion may be formed by a piece being fitted into a through-hole passing through the nut in a radial direction, and may be formed in an inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical nut material by a forging process. In any case, the ball screw of this aspect has the following configurations (e) to (f). Accordingly, the deviation of the center of gravity of the nut from the rotational center line caused by the protruding portion is able to be made small by the configuration of the recessed portion. 
     (e) The nut may include one recessed portion, and the recessed portion is arranged at a position same as the position of the protruding portion in a circumferential direction of the nut. 
     (f) The nut includes the two recessed portions may be arranged at the positions where central angles with the protruding portion being as a reference become 90 degrees or less in a circumferential direction of the nut. 
     In the above-described ball screw, when the recessed portion may be formed by the piece being fitted into the through-hole passing through the nut in the radial direction, the piece may be made of synthetic resin. This is because, generally, the nut is made of metal, and the protruding portion is made of metal because of being integrated with the nut. Therefore, if the piece is made of metal when the protruding portion is large or when the piece is large, sufficient effects may not be obtained. 
     Synthetic resins that form the piece include polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyacetal (POM), and the like. Additionally, the piece may be manufactured using resin compositions in which a reinforcing material consisting of glass fibers, potassium titanate fibers, or the like is mixed with these synthetic resins. 
     The ball screw in the above-described embodiment may have the following configurations (g) to (h) when the recessed portion is formed by the piece being fitted into the through-hole passing through the nut in the radial direction. Accordingly, the deviation of the center of gravity of the nut from the rotational center line caused by the protruding portion is able to be made small by the configuration of the recessed portion. 
     (g) The nut may include at least three pieces, all the pieces have the same dimensions and may be arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction of the nut, and a first one of the pieces may be arranged at the position same as the position of the protruding portion in the circumferential direction of the nut and is made of a material with a specific gravity smaller than the specific gravities of the other pieces. 
     For example, a piece made of synthetic resin is able to be used as the first piece made of the material with a smaller specific gravity, and a metallic piece is able to be used as the other pieces. As an example of the metallic piece, a piece formed by a metal powder injection molding method (MIM) is able to be used. An alloy for the MIM to be used includes, for example, Fe—Ni—C (1 to 8% Ni and 0.8% C). 
     (h) The nut may include at least three pieces, all the pieces may be arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction of the nut, and a first one of the pieces may be arranged at the position same as the position of the protruding portion in the circumferential direction of the nut, and has dimensions smaller than the dimensions of the other pieces. 
     The method for forming the above configurations (e) to (h) does not increase the manufacturing cost of the nut unlike the method of PTL 2 that forms a thinning machined portion in the nut. 
     The ball screw in the present invention is able to be used for a wide range of applications, such as in automobile parts, outboard motors, and positioning devices, and particularly, is able to be suitably used for actuators for brakes of automobiles. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     According to the present invention, in the ball screw including the nut having the protruding portion protruding from the axial end surface in a portion in the circumferential direction, the center of gravity of the nut can be brought close to the rotational center line of the nut without forming a thinning machined portion in the nut. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view illustrating a ball screw in a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 2A  is a right perspective view illustrating a ball screw in a second embodiment; 
         FIG. 2B  is a left perspective view of the ball screw; 
         FIG. 2C  is a front view of the ball screw; 
         FIG. 3A  is a perspective view illustrating a ball screw in a third embodiment; 
         FIG. 3B  is a front view of the ball screw; 
         FIG. 4A  is a perspective view illustrating a ball screw in a fourth embodiment; and 
         FIG. 4B  is a front view of the ball screw. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, although embodiments of the present invention will be described, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. 
     First Embodiment 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a ball screw of this embodiment has a nut  1 , a screw shaft  2 , and a single piece  3 . 
     The nut  1  has a cylindrical portion  11 , a flange portion  12  formed at the center of the cylindrical portion  11  in an axial direction, and a protruding portion  13  that protrudes from one end surface in the axial direction. The cylindrical portion  11  is divided into a first portion  11   a  in which the protruding portion  13  is formed in the axial direction of the nut  1 , and a second portion  11   b  excluding the first portion, by the flange portion  12 . A peripheral groove  14  is formed at the boundary of the first portion  11   a  between the first portion  11   a  and the flange portion  12 . A through-hole  15  passing through the nut  1  in a radial direction is a portion including the peripheral groove  14  of the first portion  11   a  in the axial direction, and is formed at the same position as the protruding portion  13  in a circumferential direction. 
     An inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion  11  has a spiral groove  110 . An outer peripheral surface of the screw shaft  2  is formed with a spiral groove  21 . Plural balls are arranged between raceways formed by the spiral groove  110  of the nut  1  and the spiral groove  21  of the screw shaft  2 . 
     The piece  3  has an elongated small piece shape, both ends of the piece in a longitudinal direction are formed in a substantially semicircular arc shape, a recessed portion along the longitudinal direction that forms a ball return passage is formed in one surface of the piece, and the other surface of the piece becomes a circumferential surface concentric with the cylindrical portion  11 . The piece  3  is obtained by an injection molding method using PPS. The piece  3  is fitted to the through-hole  15  of the nut  1  such that a recessed portion side is directed to the screw shaft  2  side. Accordingly, the piece  3  is arranged at the same position as the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction of the nut  1 , and the inner peripheral surface of the nut  1  is formed with the ball return passage consisting of the recessed portion of the piece  3 . 
     The protruding portion  13  is made of steel and is formed integrally with the cylindrical portion  10 . That is, the shape of the nut  1  is given by cutting a cylindrical material made of a steel material. A portion of the nut  1  in which the piece  3  is fitted to the through-hole  15  is lighter than the other portions of the nut  1 , and a portion of the nut  1  in which the protruding portion  13  is formed is heavier than the other portions of the nut  1 . 
     In the ball screw of this embodiment, the deviation of the center of gravity of the nut  1  from a rotational center line caused by the protruding portion  13  is eliminated or is made small by the recessed portion of the piece  3  being arranged at the same position as the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction of the nut  1  (that is, the configuration of the recessed portion that constitutes the ball return passage). 
     Second Embodiment 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , a ball screw of this embodiment has the nut  1 , the screw shaft  2 , and two pieces  3 . 
     The nut  1  has the cylindrical portion  11 , the flange portion  12  formed at the center of the cylindrical portion  11  in the axial direction, and the protruding portion  13  that protrudes from one end surface in the axial direction. The cylindrical portion  11  is divided into the first portion  11   a  in which the protruding portion  13  is formed in the axial direction of the nut  1 , and the second portion  11   b  excluding the first portion, by the flange portion  12 . 
     The nut  1  has two through-holes  15   a  and  15   b  passing through the nut  1  in the radial direction. One through-hole  15   a  is the portion of the first portion  11   a  including the flange portion  12  in the axial direction, and is formed at a position where a central angle θ 1  based on the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction becomes 57 degrees. The other through-hole  15   b  is the portion of the second portion  11   b  including the flange portion  12  in the axial direction, and is formed at a position where a central angle θ 2  based on the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction becomes 57 degrees. 
     The inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion  11  is formed with the spiral groove  110 . The outer peripheral surface of the screw shaft  2  is formed with the spiral groove  21 . The plurality of balls is arranged between the raceways formed by the spiral groove  110  of the nut  1  and the spiral groove  21  of the screw shaft  2 . 
     The two pieces  3  are the same and have an elongated small piece shape, both ends of each piece in a longitudinal direction are formed in a substantially semicircular arc shape, a recessed portion along the longitudinal direction that forms a ball return passage is formed in one surface of the piece, and the other surface of the piece becomes a circumferential surface concentric with the cylindrical portion  11 . The pieces  3  are manufactured by a metal powder injection molding method using Fe—Ni—C (1 to 8% Ni and 0.8% C). The pieces  3  are fitted to the through-holes  15   a  and  15   b  of the nut  1  such that recessed portion sides are directed to the screw shaft  2  side. Accordingly, the two pieces  3  are arranged at positions where central angles θ 1  and θ 2  based on the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction of a nut  1  become 57 degrees, respectively, and the inner peripheral surface of the nut  1  is formed with two ball return passages consisting of the recessed portions of the respective pieces  3 . 
     The protruding portion  13  is made of steel and is formed integrally with the cylindrical portion  10 . That is, the shape of the nut  1  is given by cutting a cylindrical material made of a steel material. Portions of the nut  1  in which the pieces  3  are fitted to the through-holes  15   a  and  15   b  are lighter than the other portions of the nut  1 , and a portion of the nut  1  in which the protruding portion  13  is formed is heavier than the other portions of the nut  1 . 
     In the ball screw of this embodiment, the deviation of the center of gravity of the nut  1  from the rotational center line caused by the protruding portion  13  is eliminated or is made small by the recessed portions of the pieces  3  being arranged at positions where the central angles based on the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction of the nut  1  become equal to or lower than 90 degrees (that is, the configuration of the recessed portions that constitute the ball return passages). 
     Third Embodiment 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , a ball screw of this embodiment has the nut  1 , the screw shaft  2 , and three pieces  3   a  to  3   c.    
     The nut  1  has the cylindrical portion  11 , the flange portion  12  formed at the center of the cylindrical portion  11  in the axial direction, and the protruding portion  13  that protrudes from one end surface in the axial direction. The cylindrical portion  11  is divided into the first portion  11   a  in which the protruding portion  13  is formed in the axial direction of the nut  1 , and the second portion  11   b  excluding the first portion, by the flange portion  12 . The peripheral groove  14  is formed at the boundary of the first portion  11   a  between the first portion  11   a  and the flange portion  12 . 
     The nut  1  is formed with three through-holes  15   a  to  15   c  passing through the nut in the radial direction. A first through-hole  15   a  is a portion including the peripheral groove  14  of the first portion  11   a  in the axial direction, and is formed at the same position as the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction. A second through-hole  15   b  is formed in the second portion  11   b  in the axial direction. A third through-hole  15   c  is formed in the second portion  11   b  in the axial direction. The three through-holes  15   a  to  15   c  are formed at equal intervals (θ 1 =θ 2 =θ 3 =120 degrees) in the circumferential directions of the nut  1 . 
     The three pieces  3  have an elongated small piece shape, both ends of each piece in a longitudinal direction are formed in a substantially semicircular arc shape, a recessed portion along the longitudinal direction that forms a ball return passage is formed in one surface of the piece, and the other surface of the piece becomes a circumferential surface concentric with the cylindrical portion  11 . Although the three pieces  3  have the same dimensions, the first piece  3   a  is obtained by an injection molding method using PPS, and the second piece  3   b  and the third piece  3   c  are manufactured by a metal powder injection molding method using Fe—Ni—C (1 to 8% Ni and 0.8% C). The pieces  3   a  to  3   c  are respectively fitted to the through-holes  15   a  to  15   c  of the nut  1  such that recessed portion sides are directed to the screw shaft  2  side. Accordingly, the first piece  3   a  is arranged at the same position as the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction of the nut  1 , and the three pieces  3  are arranged at equal intervals (θ 1 =θ 2 =θ 3 =120 degrees) in the circumferential directions of the nut  1 , and the inner peripheral surface of the nut  1  is formed with three ball return passages consisting of the recessed portions of the respective pieces  3 . 
     The protruding portion  13  is made of steel and is formed integrally with the cylindrical portion  10 . That is, the shape of the nut  1  is given by cutting a cylindrical material made of a steel material. Portions of the nut  1  in which the pieces  3   a  to  3   c  are fitted to the through-holes  15   a  to  15   c  are lighter than the other portions of the nut  1 , and a portion of the nut  1  in which the protruding portion  13  is formed is heavier than the other portions of the nut  1 . 
     In the ball screw of this embodiment, the nut  1  has the three pieces  3   a  to  3   c , all the pieces  3   a  to  3   c  have the same dimensions and are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the nut  1 , the first piece  3   a  is arranged at the same position as the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction of the nut  1 , and the deviation of the center of gravity of the nut  1  from the rotational center line caused by the protruding portion  13  is eliminated or is made small by the first piece  3   a  being made of a material with a smaller specific gravity than the second piece  3   b  and the third piece  3   c  (that is, the configuration of the recessed portions that constitute the ball return passages). 
     Additionally, by forming the first piece  3   a  using a material with a smaller specific gravity than the second piece  3   b  and the third piece  3   c , even if all the pieces  3   a  to  3   c  are made to have the same dimensions, all the pieces  3   a  to  3   c  are able to be arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the nut  1 . Therefore, the distribution of load in the axial direction of the ball screw is able to be made uniform. 
     Fourth Embodiment 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , a ball screw of this embodiment has the nut  1 , the screw shaft  2 , and the three pieces  3   a  to  3   c.    
     The nut  1  has the cylindrical portion  11 , the flange portion  12  formed at the center of the cylindrical portion  11  in the axial direction, and the protruding portion  13  that protrudes from one end surface in the axial direction. The cylindrical portion  11  is divided into the first portion  11   a  in which the protruding portion  13  is formed in the axial direction of the nut  1 , and the second portion  11   b  excluding the first portion, by the flange portion  12 . The peripheral groove  14  is formed at the boundary of the first portion  11   a  between the first portion  11   a  and the flange portion  12 . 
     The nut  1  is formed with the three through-holes  15   a  to  15   c  passing through the nut in the radial direction. The first through-hole  15   a  is a portion including the peripheral groove  14  of the first portion  11   a  in the axial direction, and is formed at the same position as the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction. The second through-hole  15   b  is formed in the second portion  11   b  in the axial direction. The third through-hole  15   c  is formed in the second portion  11   b  in the axial direction. The three through-holes  15   a  to  15   c  are formed at equal intervals (θ 1 =θ 2 =θ 3 =120 degrees) in the circumferential directions of the nut  1 . The second through-hole  15   b  and the third through-hole  15   c  have the same dimensions, and the dimensions of the first through-hole  15   a  are smaller than those of the second through-hole  15   b  and the third through-hole  15   c.    
     The three pieces  3  have an elongated small piece shape, both ends of each piece in a longitudinal direction are formed in a substantially semicircular arc shape, a recessed portion along the longitudinal direction that forms a ball return passage is formed in one surface of the piece, and the other surface of the piece becomes a circumferential surface concentric with the cylindrical portion  11 . The three pieces  3  are manufactured by a metal powder injection molding method using the same Fe—Ni—C (1 to 8% Ni and 0.8% C). The second piece  3   b  and the third piece  3   c  have the same dimensions, and the dimensions of the first piece  3   a  are smaller than the dimensions of the second piece  3   b  and the third piece  3   c.    
     The pieces  3   a  to  3   c  are respectively fitted to the through-holes  15   a  to  15   c  of the nut  1  such that recessed portion sides are directed to the screw shaft  2  side. Accordingly, the first piece  3   a  is arranged at the same position as the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction of the nut  1 , and the three pieces  3  are arranged at equal intervals (θ 1 =θ 2 =θ 3 =120 degrees) in the circumferential directions of the nut  1 , and the inner peripheral surface of the nut  1  is formed with three ball return passages consisting of the recessed portions of the respective pieces  3 . 
     The protruding portion  13  is made of steel and is formed integrally with the cylindrical portion  10 . That is, the shape of the nut  1  is given by cutting a cylindrical material made of a steel material. Portions of the nut  1  in which the pieces  3   a  to  3   c  are fitted to the through-holes  15   a  to  15   c  are lighter than the other portions of the nut  1 , and a portion of the nut  1  in which the protruding portion  13  is formed is heavier than the other portions of the nut  1 . 
     In the ball screw of this embodiment, the nut  1  has the three pieces  3   a  to  3   c , all the pieces  3   a  to  3   c  are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the nut  1 , the first piece  3   a  is arranged at the same position as the protruding portion  13  in the circumferential direction of the nut  1 , and the deviation of the center of gravity of the nut  1  from the rotational center line caused by the protruding portion  13  is eliminated or is made small by the first piece  3   a  having smaller dimensions than the second piece  3   b  and the third piece  3   c  (that is, the configuration of the recessed portions that constitute the ball return passages). 
     Additionally, by making the dimensions of the first piece  3   a  smaller than those of the second piece  3   b  and the third piece  3   c , all the pieces  3   a  to  3   c  are able to be arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the nut  1  while all the pieces  3   a  to  3   c  are made of the same material. Therefore, the distribution of load in the axial direction of the ball screw is able to be made uniform. 
     In addition, when the dimensions of the first piece  3   a  are not able to be made much smaller than those of the second piece  3   b  and the third piece  3   c , and when the deviation of the center of gravity of the nut  1  from the rotational center line caused by the protruding portion  13  is not eliminated if all the pieces  3   a  to  3   c  are formed of the same material, the deviation is also able to be eliminated by forming the first piece  3   a  using a material with a smaller specific gravity than the second piece  3   b  and third piece  3   c.    
     In addition, the present invention relates to the ball screw which has the protruding portion protruding from the axial end surface, in which the center of gravity of the nut deviates from the rotational center line of the nut. However, even in the ball screw in which the groove that extends in an axial direction is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the nut, the center of gravity of the nut deviates from the rotational center line of the nut. In the case of such a ball screw, the deviation of the center of gravity of the nut from the rotational center line is able to be made small also by forming the recessed portion, which constitutes the ball return passage formed in the inner peripheral surface of the nut, at a suitable position outside of the formation position of the groove. 
     Additionally, the axial end of the spiral groove formed in the inner peripheral surface of the nut is an incomplete threaded portion, and the presence of the incomplete threaded portion becomes a cause by which the center of gravity of the nut deviates from the rotational center line of the nut. However, the deviation of the center of gravity of the nut from the rotational center line is able to be made small also by forming the recessed portion, which constitutes the ball return passage formed in the inner peripheral surface of the nut, at a position outside of the incomplete threaded portion. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
         
           
               1  nut 
               11  cylindrical portion 
               11   a  first portion 
               11   b  second portion 
               12  flange portion 
               13  protruding portion 
               14  peripheral groove 
               15  through-hole 
               15   a  first through-hole 
               15   b  second through-hole 
               15   c  third through-hole 
               110  spiral groove of nut 
               2  screw shaft 
               21  spiral groove of screw shaft 
               3  segment 
               3   a  first segment 
               3   b  second segment (other segment) 
               3   c  third segment (other segment)