Patent Publication Number: US-2003236795-A1

Title: Method and system for identifying objects

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
     [0001] This application claims priority from European Patent Application No. 00303689.4, filed May 3, 2000, by Hunter Douglas Industries B. V., entitled “Method and System for Identifying Products”, and from U.S. Provisional Patent application Serial No. 60/253,167, filed Nov. 27, 2000, in the name of inventors Thomas D. Kemp and David Sonnenberg, entitled “Method and System for Identifying Products; the contents of both of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002] The present invention relates to a method and system for identifying objects. More specifically, the present invention provides a method and system for identifying objects of a selected type from a range of objects based upon the provisioning of at least one primitive identifying a type of object desired.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003] It has been known previously to store records of a range of objects, together with associated attributes. A user is able to search these records for particular attributes so as to identify objects of a desired type. For example, it is possible to store a database containing a range of cars for sale. Each car may have associated with it attributes defining, for example, the model, make, engine size and color. A user can then define the attributes of interest and search the records to identify cars of the desired type. Although this system can work effectively for some objects, it does have limitations.  
       [0004] For objects such as fabrics and home furnishings, there are no clear attributes to define the objects and allow the user to specify a desired type of object. Terms used to define these types of object are generally broad subjective terms. For instance, a user may wish to identify objects having a “Victorian” design. This term may have one meaning in the United Kingdom, for example, and different meanings elsewhere. Similarly, terms used for designs may vary from season to season according to fashion. It is impractical to provide records of all of the objects showing the different attributes for different countries and also to change the records season by season. Therefore, a method and system is needed which allows a user to define a desired object in terms familiar to the user, which may then be converted into terms common to suppliers of objects matching the user&#39;s definition, but not necessarily characterized in the same way. More specifically, a method and system is needed which describes objects or services (hereafter, collectively “objects”) and user requests for objects in terms of objective characteristics (hereafter, “Primitives”) such that objects meeting or possessing certain characteristics may be described and identified via their associated Primitives.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005] According to the present invention, there is provided a method of identifying objects of a selected type from a range of objects, the method comprising:  
       [0006] storing records of respective objects of a range of objects together with associated Primitives which define characteristics of the objects;  
       [0007] displaying a classification palette including a plurality of descriptors for identifying respective types of objects;  
       [0008] storing, in association with each descriptor, at least one Primitive for defining the characteristics of the descriptor;  
       [0009] determining selection of one of the descriptors in the classification palette, and  
       [0010] identifying objects having at least one Primitive associated with the selected descriptor.  
       [0011] According to the present invention there is also provided a system for identifying objects of a selected type from a range of objects, the system comprising:  
       [0012] a first memory for storing records of respective objects of a range of objects together with associated Primitives which define characteristics of the objects;  
       [0013] an image generator for providing for display a classification palette including a plurality of descriptors for identifying respective types of objects;  
       [0014] a second memory for storing, in association with each descriptor, at least one Primitive for defining the characteristics of the descriptor;  
       [0015] an input sensor for determining a selection of one of the descriptors in the classification palette; and  
       [0016] a controller for searching the stored records to identify objects having at least one Primitive associated with the selected descriptor.  
       [0017] Preferably the system further comprises a user interface including a display for displaying images provided by the image generator and an input for providing an input selection.  
       [0018] The system may be for use over a network and include a server having at least the first memory.  
       [0019] At least one user terminal may be provided on the network including the user interface.  
       [0020] Preferably the image generator, second memory, input sensor and controller are also provided in the server. However, it is possible to distribute these components as required between the server and the user terminal.  
       [0021] In this way, records of the complete range of objects may be kept together with Primitives which define objective unchanging characteristics of the objects, such as color content, formality and fussiness of the design, whether patterned or not, and size of pattern. Based on the same range of Primitives, descriptors for use by the user can be defined. These descriptors can vary from season to season, from country to country and from user to user while still using the same object records.  
       [0022] Preferably Primitives for defining related characteristics are associated together in dimensions. Where Primitives of a particular dimension define characteristics which are different degrees of a single property, the Primitives of the particular dimension may be associated in order of degree.  
       [0023] Preferably the characteristics of at least one descriptor are defined by at least one range of Primitives within a dimension.  
       [0024] Thus, by arranging Primitives of related properties in dimensions, it becomes easier for a user to understand how Primitives within a particular property relate to the various characteristics of that property. For a particular property, it becomes unnecessary for the user to individually identify and understand the Primitives and it is sufficient to pick a range within the minimum and maximum possible values of the property under consideration.  
       [0025] The characteristics of at least one descriptor may be defined by Primitives from a plurality of dimensions.  
       [0026] In this way, the dimensions together form a classification space within which multi-dimensional volumes may be defined to describe the descriptors.  
       [0027] In a similar way, the characteristics of at least one object may be defined by at least one range of Primitives within a dimension, and the characteristics of at least one object may be defined by Primitives from a plurality of dimensions.  
       [0028] Objects may be identified according to whether the respective ranges of Primitives for the selected descriptor overlap, are contained within, or are identical to the corresponding ranges of Primitives of the objects.  
       [0029] Preferably, the operation of comparison may be specified by the user. Further, preferably, it can be specified individually for different dimensions.  
       [0030] Preferably, a plurality of different classification palettes are selectively displayed, and each classification palette includes a respective plurality of descriptors.  
       [0031] In this way, different classification palettes may be provided, for example, for different aspects of the nature of the objects or for different countries. Indeed, it would be possible for a user to define custom descriptors having user defined Primitives and to arrange these together in a custom classification palette.  
       [0032] Each classification palette may have an associated classification space including a respective plurality of dimensions wherein the characteristics of each descriptor of a classification palette are defined by ranges of Primitives in the dimensions of the respective classification space.  
       [0033] Preferably, each one of the plurality of dimensions defining a particular descriptor is displayed as an array of the Primitives for that dimension together with a slider which may be moved to alter the range or selection of Primitives associated with the dimension.  
       [0034] The slider may be one or more bars movable alongside the array of Primitives or may comprise one or more highlighted Primitives.  
       [0035] In this way, the user is provided with a visual description of all of the Primitives within the various dimensions defining a descriptor.  
       [0036] Furthermore, by moving the sliders, the user can easily modify the selection of Primitives and hence the characteristics of a descriptor. The modified descriptors may be stored as custom descriptors and/or may be used to modify the search to identify objects.  
       [0037] Of course, the term “object” is used mostly with respect to physical objects. However, it is also intended to cover other items such as services. As such, the present invention provides a system and methodology which allows a user to describe an object utilizing a first set of terms and then identify objects provided by others which may be described using a second set of terms. 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES  
     [0038]FIG. 1 illustrates a system embodying a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
     [0039]FIG. 2 illustrates the server of FIG. 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
     [0040]FIG. 3 illustrates an object record according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
     [0041]FIG. 4 illustrates a descriptor record according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
     [0042]FIG. 5 illustrates a classification palette according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
     [0043]FIG. 6 illustrates a classification space according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
     [0044]FIG. 7 illustrates a color classification space according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
     [0045]FIG. 8 illustrates a graphical representation of a data structure utilized in the preferred embodiment to match and identify objects.  
     [0046]FIG. 9 illustrates a graphical representation of a second data structure utilized in an alternative embodiment to match and identify objects.  
     [0047]FIG. 10 illustrates the associations in a data structure between Objects, Cuboids, Strands, Ranges, and Dimensions for a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
     [0048]FIG. 11 illustrates a structure for a SearchGroup utilized by one embodiment of a search engine for the present invention.  
     [0049]FIG. 12 illustrates a method by which one embodiment of the present invention builds a search table to be utilized by a search engine.  
     [0050]FIG. 13 illustrates the structural relationships between a search engine and a search group for one embodiment of the present invention.  
     [0051]FIG. 14 illustrates one embodiment of a structural design of a search engine for the present invention.  
     [0052]FIG. 15 illustrates a screen shot of a Home Page for an Internet based embodiment of the present invention utilized to identify a tapestry desired by a user.  
     [0053]FIG. 16 illustrates a screen shot of a Member Home page which is suitably displayed to a user upon signing in using the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0054]FIG. 17 illustrates a screen shot of a Basic Search page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0055]FIG. 18 illustrates a screen shot of a Search by Reference page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0056]FIG. 19 illustrates a screen shot of a Color Search page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0057]FIG. 20A illustrates a screen shot of a Secondary Color Search page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0058]FIG. 20B illustrates a screen shot of a color contrast pages provided in injunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0059]FIG. 21 illustrates a screen shot of a Composition Selection page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0060]FIG. 22 illustrates a screen shot of a Composition (application) Selection page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0061]FIG. 23 illustrates a screen shot of a Design (dimension) Search Selection page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0062]FIG. 24A illustrates a screen shot of a Design (descriptors) Search Selection page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0063]FIG. 24B illustrates a series of slides which may be utilized to specify a type of fabric for the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0064]FIG. 25 illustrates a screen shot of a Workboard page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0065]FIG. 26 illustrates a screen shot of a View page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0066]FIG. 27 illustrates a screen shot of a Drape View page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0067]FIG. 28 illustrates a screen shot of an Upholstery View page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0068]FIG. 29 illustrates a screen shot of a Full Repeat View page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15.  
     [0069]FIG. 30 illustrates a screen shot of a Multiview page provided in conjunction with the Internet based embodiment identified in FIG. 15. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
     [0070] The present invention is preferably embodied on a network  4 , as illustrated in FIG. 1. In particular, the present invention may be embodied in a server  2  connected on a network  4 , such as the Internet. End users may make use of the server  2  remotely by means of terminals  6  having user interfaces with displays  8  and input keys  10 . Of course, the present invention could also be embodied as a stand alone unit, having its own display and input keys. Additionally, the present invention may also be embodied on a distributed network, as a single purpose device (for example, a kiosk at a home furnishings store) which includes a database of providers of objects satisfying user defined Primitives, or via any other system or network configuration. Similarly, the present invention may utilize any communications systems available to provide the features and functions identified herein. Such communications systems include the Internet, intranets, private networks, public networks, telecommunication networks (both wired and wireless), and any other suitable system which provides for the communication of data between a user and a system implementing the present invention.  
     [0071] Referring again to the preferred network embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the matching features and functions of the present invention are preferably provided by the server  2 . As shown in FIG. 2, the server  2  includes various functional components which may be embodied in hardware and/or software, as is commonly known in the art. One such functional component is an object records database  12 , which includes a database for storing records of each object in the range to be searched. Another functional component is the descriptor database  14 , which suitably includes a memory for storing associations of descriptor dimensions with Primitives. The server  2  further preferably includes a custom database  40  which allows a user to describe a descriptor in terms of custom Primitives rather than pre-set or pre-defined Primitives. Further, the server  2  includes at least one strand database  38  which provides associations of descriptors across a palette, as is explained in greater detail herein.  
     [0072] In addition to the various functional components, the server  2  also preferably includes various physical components including a controller  16  which receives inputs from a user (preferably via a user terminal  6  over the network), determines from which of the various databases searches are to be conducted, executes such searches, and generates results. Additionally, the server  2  includes a video driver  18  which may be used to produce a display on a local display screen or to produce display information to be transmitted over the network and displayed on a remote display  8 . Lastly, the server  2  preferably includes a sensor  24  which enables a user to interact with the server either directly or remotely. The sensor  24  may be any device which enables a user to specify search descriptors and/or Primitives to the server. Such devices include voice recognition devices and software, audio input devices (for example, to receive a sample of an artist whose additional works are desired), manual input devices (for example, a keyboard, mouse, trackball, and pointer), optical recognition devices (for example, scanners, bar code readers, textile analyzers, spectrophotometers, and various other character recognition hardware and software devices), and any other device which enables one to specify at least one descriptor to the server  2 .  
     [0073] As mentioned above, the server  2  also preferably includes an object records database  12 . FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a record for one object in the object records database. As shown, each record is intended to provide a list of objective characteristics (i.e., Primitives) for each respective object.  
     [0074] One example of a range of objects is a range or selection of fabrics. These may come in a range having different colors (i.e., the different colors to be found in the fabric), compositions (i.e., the way the fabric is made and its characteristics), different design (i.e., the aesthetics of the design), and different supply characteristics, (i.e., the aspects of buying and selling the fabric). Various and often numerous Primitives are used to define all of the different aspects of a specific type of fabric. Additionally, for a particular range of objects, a predetermined list of Primitives is prepared from which all fabrics/objects within that range can be defined. New fabrics/objects may be added to the range and are preferably defined by the same set of Primitives. Lastly, additional Primitives may be added, where necessary, to describe new fabrics/objects or better describe existing fabrics/objects.  
     [0075] For example, Primitives defining a set of fabrics/objects could include Primitives defining all colors, material types, characteristics (such as the nature of the weave), and aspects of buying and selling the fabric (such as availability and price). Other Primitives could define the design of the fabric and may include specific Primitives such as “stately,” “formal,” “refined,” “whimsical,” “informal,” “casual” and “shabby.” 
     [0076] Many Primitives relate to the same type of characteristic. For example, color may be defined using the “color space” known as CIELAB (an illustration of which is shown in FIG. 7). This is a three dimensional space where the first axis (the “a” axis) has green at one extreme and red at the other, the second axis (the “b” axis) runs from blue to yellow and the third axis (the “L” axis) indicates the lightness of a color, running from black to white. The Primitives for defining the color include three sets of Primitives running in each of the axial directions. Hence, the Primitives are associated together in groups which will be described as “Dimensions.” Since the color of a particular object may be measured, for instance using a spectrophotometer, the record for a particular object of a particular color generally will include one Primitive in each of the three color Dimensions. Additionally, a fourth axis, the Intensity axis, may also be utilized to define a color. The Intensity axis provides an indication of the brightness of a color along a predefined range.  
     [0077] In a similar way, for defining the design of a object, the present invention supports the use of other Dimensions and Primitives such as a “formality” Dimension which may include the following Primitives: stately, formal, refined, whimsical, informal, casual and shabby. Since these Primitives all represent degrees of formality, it is preferable that they are arranged in the Dimension in the order of their degree of formality. In this way, an object may be defined by a range of the Primitives within the Dimension. Indeed, it is not always necessary to have individual Primitives, since they may often merely represent the “degree” of a property represented by their Dimension. Those skilled in the art appreciate that depending upon processing speeds and database availability, any object may be defined my numerous Dimensions and Primitives to any desired level of detail and/or precision.  
     [0078] Referring again to FIG. 3, it will be seen that each object record defines the characteristics of the object by reference to all of the Primitives which best define that object. Preferably, related Primitives are arranged together in Dimensions and, where the Primitives are ordered within the Dimensions, ranges of Primitives can be defined. An object is thus defined by one or more points of volumes in the multi-dimensional space defined by the Dimensions.  
     [0079] Additionally, since objects are usually described with terms which are fairly subjective and ephemeral and have complex meanings, the present invention suitably allows the user to define a desired object by using their “own” terms (herein, “Descriptors”), as provided by the Descriptor database  14  (FIG. 2). For example, in the field of fabrics, a user might refer to a “Victorian” design as generally consisting of beige colors printed on man-made fibers. The terms “Victorian,” “beige” and “man-made” all encompass ranges of specific characteristics of an object (for example, a fabric), but would nevertheless identify recognized types of such objects.  
     [0080] To accommodate the various Descriptors, the present invention defines a series of Descriptors and stores them in a database  14  containing records which define the characteristics of the Descriptors. A possible arrangement for such a record is illustrated in FIG. 4. The characteristics of the Descriptors are defined in a manner similar to the characteristics of the objects. In particular, they are defined in terms of Primitives which may be arranged in Dimensions.  
     [0081] It will be appreciated that the Primitives used to define the characteristics of the objects will often be single Primitives, such as a particular material or type of weave. In contrast, by the nature of Descriptors being subjective, ranges or selections of Primitives will usually be used to define the Descriptors.  
     [0082] Referring again to FIG. 2, based upon the Descriptors selected by a user, the controller  16  searches for objects of a type defined by a particular Descriptor by determining the Primitives defining the characteristics of that Descriptor and searching for those Primitives in the object records database  12 . In order to facilitate the entry and selection of Descriptors, the controller  16  preferably directs the video driver  18  to produce and display a classification palette  20  (FIG. 5). The classification palette  20  preferably includes a plurality of Descriptors  22  which may be selected by a user. In particular, either locally or remotely, a user may select one of the Descriptors  22  using input keys, for instance on a keyboard or a mouse. The user is provided with a plurality of  
     [0083] Descriptors having broad meanings. Each of these can be selected by the user and encompasses a wide variety of characteristics defined by Primitives. The controller  16 , using a sensor  24 , determines a selection of a particular Descriptor and then searches the object records database  12 , as described above.  
     [0084] As illustrated in FIG. 5, a plurality of classification palettes  20 A,  20 B,  20 C,  20 D may be selectively available, as necessary, for display. Each classification palette preferably includes a different selection of Descriptors. More specifically, four classification palettes are provided: one each for color, composition, design and supply, respectively. As will be discussed further below, a great variety of classification palettes may be provided. For instance, different classification palettes may be provided for different countries according to current fashions in those countries. Similarly, customized classification palettes may be provided for individual users including the Descriptors required for those users. Further, any number of palettes may be utilized depending upon the objects, database specificity, degree of precision, or any other variable. The present invention is not limited to pre-set palette classifications, numbers of palettes, or arrangements of palettes. Additionally, the present invention is not limited to a fabrics and/or fashion embodiment Is it to be appreciated that the present invention may be utilized to identify, classify, search, and find any objects or services which possess an abstract component or feature. Examples of objects/services possessing abstract components or features include, but are not limited to, motion pictures, still pictures, music (both live and pre-recorded), objects of art or history, jewelry, dating services, medical services, and legal services.  
     [0085] According to a preferred embodiment, all of the Descriptors used in a single classification palette have their characteristics defined using the same selection of Dimensions and Primitives. Further, the preferred embodiment provides a classification space associated with each respective classification palette. FIG. 6 illustrates an example of such a classification space.  
     [0086] In each classification space, all of the Dimensions  28  required for defining the characteristics of the Descriptors  22  of the corresponding classification palette are displayed. For each Dimension  28 , all of its Primitives are listed in order alongside a slider  32 . Thus, upon selecting a particular Descriptor  22  in the classification palette  20  a (see FIG. 5), the corresponding classification space (for example,  26 A,  26 B,  26 C and  26 D of FIG. 6), will indicate the Primitives defining the characteristics of the selected Descriptor by means of the sliders  32  adjacent to the Primitives  30 .  
     [0087] Preferably the sliders  32  include upper levels  34  and lower levels  36  which define the upper and lower extremes of the range of Primitives selected for the respective Dimension  28 . Each classification palette and its associated classification space is identified herein as a “Strand.” 
     [0088] Referring to FIG. 2, it will be seen that a database  38  is provided for storing a record of all of the Descriptors associated with each Strand. As is commonly known in the art, the database  38  may be local or remote to the controller  16  and may be accessed via any appropriate system or network (for example, the Internet, intranet, private network, and public network) and may be provided on any device (for example, a hard disc drive, a network server, a compact disc, and a digital versatile disc). Thus, when a user selects a particular classification palette of a respective Strand, the controller  16  determines the Descriptors and dimensions required for that Strand and directs the video driver to display the appropriate classification palette.  
     [0089] According to a preferred embodiment, the levels  34  and  36  of the sliders  32  can be moved. Hence, when the system displays a classification space as illustrated in FIG. 6, a user can alter the Primitives of a particular Descriptor before the identification search is conducted. In this way, a user can modify a search to look for objects having a broader, narrower or different range of characteristics than the type specified by the Descriptor.  
     [0090] Additionally, the system is preferably provided with a database  40  (FIG. 2) for storing custom Descriptors. Thus, using a classification space as illustrated in FIG. 6, a user may adjust the upper and lower levels of the ranges of Primitives for each Dimension to provide a particular definition for a Descriptor. This Descriptor may then be stored in the custom database  40 . Similarly, a custom Strand may be stored in the database  38  including reference to the custom Descriptors. In the preferred embodiment, all of the custom Descriptors for a particular custom Strand would use the same selection of Dimensions.  
     [0091] The classification space of FIG. 6 may appear in various forms. For instance, the upper and lower levels of the Primitives  30  of a Dimension  28  may appear as highlighted Primitives themselves, rather than the adjacent bars illustrated in FIG. 6. Alternatively, the range can be indicated by a bar extending between the upper and lower levels, either adjacent to the Primitives or over them as some form of highlighting. It is not necessary for the Primitives to be identified specifically by name in the classification space. For example, since a particular Dimension may relate to the ornateness of a design or the fire retardant ability of an object, the Dimension can be described as “ornateness” or “fire retardant” and the upper  34  and lower  36  levels positioned as required between the minimum and maximum possible values for these Dimensions.  
     [0092]FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative scheme for a classification space. In particular, FIG. 7 illustrates a scheme for defining colors utilizing a CIELAB color space. As shown, the color classification palette will include a plurality of different colors defined by words or illustrated by example colors. Although only one color will be indicated by the Descriptor, usually a variety of colors around that color would be of interest to the user.  
     [0093] As mentioned above, the CIELAB color space has three Dimensions, a, b, and L. Hence, the particular color illustrated or described by the color Descriptor will be a particular point in the color space defined by Primitive values a, b and L for the three Dimensions. However, since, as mentioned above, the user will require colors around that particular value, the characteristics of the Descriptor will be defined by ranges of Primitives in the three Dimensions. Since there are only three Dimensions for the color, rather than the many Dimensions which may be used for other Descriptors, it is possible to illustrate the classification space defined for a Descriptor graphically as a three dimensional space.  
     [0094] As shown by the space illustrated in FIG. 7, each Dimension follows the values defined by the ranges of Primitives. However, other arrangements are also possible. The defined volumes may also be spherical or ellipsoidal to provide a more accurate representation of a user&#39;s perception. In this respect, rather than or as well as providing the three adjustment bars  72 ,  73 ,  74  illustrated in FIG. 7, the system allows the user to drag the illustrated color volume so as to alter its size, shape and position. Alternatively, adjustment bars could be provided for size, shape and position. Additionally, it is to be appreciated that more intuitive ways of adjusting the color other than the a, b, and L values exist, any of which may be utilized, as desired.  
     [0095] Since the perceived range of colors close to a particular color varies according to the particular color in question, preferably, the color volume generated for each color Descriptor varies in size depending on the position of the particular color in the color space. Thus, the default settings for color Descriptors may contain varying volumes according to the position of the basic color in the color space.  
     [0096] However, the present invention is not limited to using the CIELAB color classification scheme, and may utilize other schemes, as desired. For example, a user may wish to utilize a Color classification scheme which recognizes four Dimensions (i.e., the “a,” “b,” and “L” dimensions used in CIELAB plus a fourth Dimension for intensity). Upon determining the color classification scheme desired to be used, the user then must determine how to specify a color in an object, for example, with multiple shades of color. In the preferred embodiment, this classification is accomplished by identifying three “levels” of color, i.e., the dominant color, the secondary color and a highlight color. This embodiment assumes that a color is only recorded once (i.e., a color cannot be both the dominant and secondary color). Similarly, this embodiment assumes that a user is not concerned with minute differences between colors and thus utilizes a grouping scheme to classify colors.  
     [0097] Further, for the preferred embodiment a user may enter color information via one of two methods. The first method is to capture an RGB image of the object using, for example, a digital camera, a digital scanner, or similar devices. Once the RGB image exists, the user then selects specific areas of the captured object to represent one of the three color levels. At this point the imaging software then measures the RGB values for the selected area, averages the value, and obtains a single RGB value which is then converted into a CIELAB value. The classifying software then calculates the proportion of the object which is the color first selected, including those colors which are considered to be the same as the selected color even though, in reality, they are slightly different. By repeating this process for each of the colors (dominant, secondary, and highlight), the system generates a point in a twelve dimension color space (i.e., each color has three dimensions plus there are three colors (red, green, and blue) and the intensity dimension). More specifically, in the 12-tuple, the first four values represent the dominant color, the second four values represent the secondary color, and the last four values represent the highlight color.  
     [0098] A second method for measuring the amount of color in a object which may be utilized by the present invention, is to use a spectrophotometer, the usage of which is well known in the art. Based upon the readings of the spectrophotometer, the readings of the three color levels are obtained. While the present invention has been described in the context of obtaining measurements for three colors, it is to be appreciated that additional or fewer color measurements may be utilized, if at all, in identifying and matching objects.  
     [0099] As mentioned previously, the present invention preferably utilizes a data structure to provide a framework for the classification of objects and requests for identifications thereof. As shown, the data structure is based upon classifying a request based upon a Strand  800  (FIG. 8). For the preferred embodiment, four Strands are utilized: Color, Composition, Design, and Supply. The Strands are part of a classification scheme which allows one to divide a group of objects into meaningful categories and thereby classify objects as members of one or more specific groups. As is well known in the art, once a group of objects is classified, one may then analyze the categories and retrieve objects from the categories.  
     [0100] More specifically, each Strand preferably contains two sides, a classification space  802  and a classification palette  810 . The classification palette  810  contains Descriptors  818  which are commonly utilized in the given industry to describe an object. Such terms may come and go as the industry sees fit. For example, the color identified as Midnight Blue may exist one year and may not be available a next year (even though the actual color does not change). As such, Descriptors may change as industry needs dictate.  
     [0101] In contrast, the classification space contains much more objective terms which are not subject to industry, season, or fashion dictates. As mentioned previously, such terms are called Primitives  814 . As shown in FIG. 8, two types of Primitives  814  preferably exist: Continuous Primitives  824  and Discrete Primitives  826 . A Continuous Primitive  824  is preferably a real number utilized to represent a value upon a range of values, for example, a value utilized to represent a specific shade of green along the red-green axis of a color dimension. A Discrete Primitive  826  is a value which represents a discrete concept or object, for example, a type of material, such as cotton.  
     [0102] Further, each space  802  preferably arranges Primitives in terms of Dimensions  812 . A Dimension  812  may contain a list or hierarchy of Primitives and represent a single aspect of a Descriptor in a palette. Additionally, a Dimension  812  is either a Continuous Dimension  820  or a Discrete Dimension  822 . As for the Primitives, the Continuous Dimension represents a range of values, whereas the Discrete Dimension preferably represents a specific classification or set of classifications.  
     [0103] In addition to specifying Strands in terms of Dimensions and Primitives, the present invention also allows Strands to be defined in terms of Points  804  and Subspaces  806 . A Point  804  preferably is a list of Primitives for each dimension in the space. By providing a Point  804 , the present invention suitably allows a user to select from all the Primitives, or by using Definitions to select specific Primitives, when either defining an object or inputting a query for an object A Subspace  806  also facilitates the classifying and finding of objects. A Subspace  806  represents two things: (1) a classification for an object; and (2) a query to the controller  16  to find an object. Importantly, the Subspace  806  may be a combination of Cuboids  816 . Cuboids  816 , which represent n-dimensional cubes in space, may be suitably combined using boolean and other operations into a composite. More specifically, a Cuboid is a collection of related Ranges, where a Range is a set of values associated with a Dimension. For example, a Subspace may be a boolean combination of a texture, color, and durability of an object, wherein each of these variables are represented by Cuboids as a Range  828  of values over a spectrum. The Cuboid preferably provides the area within which the various ranges defining an object intersect. In short, the Subspace allows one to define an object in terms of other Primitives and/or Descriptors.  
     [0104] Lastly, the Strand  800  also includes an Address Book  808 . The Address Book  808  provides an association between a Descriptor  818  (whose definition may vary with time, local, and other variables) and a Primitive  814  (whose definition never varies). By classifying objects in terms of the before mentioned structure, the present invention enables one to quickly and efficiently find objects meeting specific criteria For example, in order to determine the flame retardness of a specific type of object, testers commonly have to actually test the object. By utilizing the present invention, such testing may be reduced and/or eliminated since characteristics of specific objects providing the desired level or flame retardness may be identified, classified, and easily located regardless of the name given to such objects over time.  
     [0105] Additionally, it is to be appreciated that the present invention may utilize numerous palettes to describe various objects. By comparing such palettes and the sub-classifications associated therewith, the present invention enables one to analyze differences between palettes and identify trends. Additionally, the classification scheme enables a user to search for objects in terms of Descriptors (for example, Victorian or a given design) and/or in terms of Primitives (e.g., a specific color, texture, composition, or intensity).  
     [0106] As mentioned previously, the present invention preferably utilizes four Strands (Color, Composition, Design, and Supply) to define objects. For the Color Strand, the present invention preferably utilizes the CIELAB color space. However, the present invention may also utilize various other standards well known in the art, such as the Pantone, NCS, RGB, and CMYK, as desired without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Additionally, since a particular color and its next closest neighboring color may contain differences so subtle that the human eye cannot perceive them, the present invention preferably groups such similar colors into “chunks” of color by utilizing CMC Tolerancing, wherein the CIELAB space is suitably cut up into three-dimensional ellipsoids. Such ellipsoids may vary in size and shape to account for perceptible differences between blues and reds, for example, by the human eye. Additionally, tolerance ranges may be utilized to identify like Primitives (or like colors). These tolerance ranges may also be set by individual users, thereby providing compensations for color blindness and other perception difficulties.  
     [0107] The Composition Strand is preferably devised as a two-sided structure. On a first side, the classification space identifies fundamental components of objects, such as the base material and materials added to the base material. Depending upon the level of sophistication provided by a supplier of an object, this classification space may vary over the range of being highly detailed to very vague.  
     [0108] The other side of the Composition Strand identifies, via classification palettes, the resulting characteristics of an object. The characteristics are the direct result of the way in which the object was made. Since for many objects it is impossible to precisely define a characteristic based upon the object&#39;s manufacture, Primitives are commonly utilized to describe such objects.  
     [0109] The Design Strand preferably contains a collection of terms commonly used in a given industry to describe object designs. Some of these terms include constant ideas, such as eras which represent designs common for particular historical periods. Other terms (Descriptors) may be more ephemeral and may last for limited time periods. Such terms are commonly referred to as buzzwords or trends. The classification space for the Design strand is preferably quite subtle, such that each Descriptor in a palette may be defined in terms of Primitives in the classification space. For example, the term Victorian may imply a historical period, a level of ornateness, a use of darker colors, or heavy designs. The present invention preferably captures all of these descriptions associated with a term, such as Victorian, by providing Dimensions associated with each description. For example, a Dimension, Temporality, may be used to define a historical period, whereas another Dimension, such as Formality, may be used to define a level of formality in an object. By defining such Dimensions as ranges of Primitives, the present invention allows one to easily associate a specific characteristic with an object Table 1 provides a listing of Dimensions and Descriptors commonly associated with the Design Strand.  
     [0110] The last strand provided in the preferred embodiment and geared to objects, is the Supply Strand. The Supply Strand is preferably one sided and is merely a classification space of Descriptors associated with the buying and selling of an object and does not directly relate to the actual identification of an object matching a user&#39;s request. For the fabrics embodiment of the present invention, Table 2 provides a listing of Descriptors commonly associated with such a Supply Strand.  
     [0111] Additionally, the preferred embodiment also supports a Composition Strand. The Composition Strand is suitably provided in a simplified form (see Table 3) and in a fully detailed form (see Table 4). As shown in Table 3, the simplified form allows a producer of an object (for this example, a fabric) to define the object in terms of a limited set of Dimensions and Descriptors. Such Dimensions include components used, construction, finishing, width, thickness, and weight, while the Descriptors include performance, protection, and environment. Similarly, the fully detailed form allows a producer to define an object in more precise terms. While reference has been made to the producers of objects, it is to be appreciated that similar levels of detail may be provided by a purchaser submitting a query for a object. Another embodiment for classifying objects and requests is shown in FIG. 9. As shown, this embodiment is geared towards a fabric classification scheme, however, it is to be appreciated that the embodiment may be utilized for other objects, as desired. In FIG. 9, the diagram arrows represent many-to-one relations between tables (the individual blocks in the diagram) in a database. For example, a table for Fabrics  902  exists as does a table for Dimensions  906 . Additionally, it is to be appreciated that many Dimensions, for example, may be attached to each Strand and that each Strand may contain many Descriptors which may contain palettes. As such, the relations between the various data sets are not limited to those shown in FIG. 9. Those skilled in the art appreciate that various connections and data sharing may occur between the blocks/tables in a database, as desired.  
     [0112] More specifically, this embodiment is preferred when one is implementing the most common uses of the fabric classification scheme of the present embodiment. Additionally, it is a more efficient embodiment than previous embodiments when one is dealing with subspaces which are cuboidal and where all dimensions are ordered, because a cuboidal subspace can be described as a list of pairs of maxima and minima. However, this embodiment may also be implemented in cases where subspaces consist of arbitrary sets of cuboidal subspaces and where the Dimensions may or may not be ordered.  
     [0113] The Address table, as shown below in Table 5, describes the place of each Descriptor in the n-dimensional space and those Primitives which represent a particular Descriptor. Note, for nonordered Dimensions, one record is needed for each Descriptor-Primitive pair. The Address table is represented in FIG. 9 by the Address block  910 .  
                           TABLE 5                       Column   Type   Description   Example                  Dimension   integer   Pointer to related    17               Dimensions record   (= Dominant L-axis)       Descriptor   integer   Pointer to related   5192               Descriptor record   (= Bordeaux Red)       Low value   float   The lowest value on    30               the dimension for               this Descriptor       High value   float   The highest value on    40               the dimension for               this Descriptor                  
 
     [0114] The Conclusions table, as shown below in Table 6, and as represented as the Conclusions block  916  (FIG. 9) links objects directly to Descriptors. In this embodiment, Descriptors are considered transient objects. As such, when classifying an object by selecting Descriptors, the sub-spaces corresponding to the Descriptors are preferably stored as the classification of the object. The Descriptors are considered mere labels for the particular subspaces. However, since a user is likely to want to search by Descriptors, rather than by Primitives, the present embodiment stores links between objects and Descriptors for as long as the Descriptor remains valid and as long as an address associated with the Descriptor does not change.  
                                   TABLE 6                                   Column   Type   Description   Example                          Object   integer   Pointer to related    87                   Objects record   (= object X)           Descriptor   integer   Pointer to related   5192 =                   Descriptors record   Bordeaux Red)           Intensity   float   Percentage to which     0.75                   the object is   (= 75%)                   accurately described                   by the Descriptor                      
 
     [0115] Additionally, the Conclusions table may be formed by an expert opinion (i.e., 75% of object X is Bordeaux Red) or based upon deriving the value from the facts, via the Addresses. For example, all of the measured CIELAB values of an object fall within the tolerance of the color called Bordeaux Red and the proportion of this color in the object is 75%. Further, it is to be appreciated that the “intensity” of a color or of any Descriptor is just another Dimension in the space for a particular Strand. Its minimum is 0% and its maximum is 100% and may be considered continuous or discrete, depending on the possible measurements. For example, because of its subjective nature, the intensity Dimension of the Design Strand should be discrete and its Primitives should be 0%, 10%, 20%, . . . , 100%. On the other hand, the Color Strand can use objective measurements and so its intensity dimension could be continuous, i.e., it may contain real values from 0% to 100%.  
     [0116] Additionally, when generating a Conclusions table  916  (for example, for a Color Strand), in order to accelerate the process, the present invention preferably attempts to store classifications of colors as descriptors. For example, suppose that a color “Bright Pink” is specified by a user on a Color palette and that Bright Pink has the CIELAB values of: L=58.3, a=89.5, b=−35, and the tolerance is set to 4 by the palette designer. The present invention preferably represents the toleranced subspace of Bright Pink as a cube whose center is the lab value and whose sides are each 8 units long (4 units from the center point to each face). Additionally, this subspace contains the dominant lab color of the fabric F. Based upon this information, the system creates a new Conclusions record by noting that the dominant color of F falls within the range specified by the tolerance of the palette for the color Bright Pink. More specifically, the present invention preferably utilizes an algorithm similar to that specified below to create the Conclusions records for the Color Strand. The algorithm is:  
                                  fir each palette p {        for each color level v {        for each lab color c = &lt;c_L, c_a, c_b&gt; on the palette        let t be the tolerance for this color on the palette;         the next three constants allow the shape of the         coboid to be surrounding a color point. If all three         values are 1 then the cuboid is a cube. Otherwise it         can be stretched or shrunk in each dimension for a         more redefined choice of color volumes.        let k_L = 1;        let k_a = 1;        let k_b = 1;        minimum_L = c_L − k_L * t;        maximu_L = c_L + k_L * t;        minimum_a = c_a − k_a * t;        maximum_a = c_a + k_a * t;        minimum_b = c_b − k_b * t;        maximum_b = c_b + k_b * t;        ind all Facts records x such that         (x.Dimension = “L” &amp;         x.maximum &gt;= minimum_L &amp;         x.minimum &lt;= maximum_L)         OR         (x.Dimension = “a” &amp;         x.maximum &gt;= minimum_a &amp;         x.minimum &lt;= maximum_a)         OR         (x.Dimension &#39;2 “b” &amp;         x.maximum &gt;= minimum_b &amp;         x,minim &lt;= maximum_b)         call this set of Facts records X;         find all those Facts records x in X such that there exists a y         and z in X such that         x.Dimension &#39;2 “L” &amp;         y.Dimension &#39;2 “a” &amp;         z.Dimension &#39;2 “b” &amp;         x.Fabric = y.Fabric &#39;2 z.Fabric         for each such Facts record x create a Conclusions record n,         where         n.Fabric &#39;2 x.Fabric;         n.Strand = “Color”;         // this next value is actually a pointer to a record in         the Descriptors table         n.Descriptor = &lt;v,c&gt;;         n.Intensity &#39;2 w.Intensity, where w is the Facts         records such that         w.Fabric = x.Fabric &amp;         w.Dimension &#39;2 v + “intensity”         // next Facts record        } // next palette color        } // next color level       } // next palette.                  
 
     [0117] While those skilled in the art appreciate that the above algorithm is rather simplistic, it is one example of how a Conclusions Table may be generated based upon entries, by a user, specifying an object  
     [0118] The Cuboids table, as shown in Table 7, and as represented as the Cuboids block  918  in FIG. 9, groups facts together into “cuboids.” A cuboid can be constructed in n dimensions by giving n ranges of values, one for each of the Dimensions. The cuboid consists of all the points which lie within all these ranges. For example, the cuboid for a rectangle in 2-dimensional space, where a given range exists for the x axis and a given range exists for the y axis, includes all the points whose x and y values fall within both of these ranges. Cuboids are preferred in this data model because via cuboids it is possible to classify an object as being composed of several such volumes. If a classifier selects Victorian and Art Deco as Descriptors for a single object design then the classification of this object in the Design strand is the union of the two cuboids represented by Victorian and Art Deco.  
                                   TABLE 7                                   Column   Type   Description   Example                          Identifier   integer   Primary key   101 (= Cuboid A)           Object   integer   Pointer to related    87 (= object X)                   objects record                      
 
     [0119] The Descriptors table, as shown in Table 8, and as represented as the Descriptors block  914  in FIG. 9, contains hierarchies (trees) of commonly used terms in a specific industry (for example, the design industry). Descriptors are accumulated on palettes (the “right hand side” of a classification strand).  
                           TABLE 8                       Column   Type   Description   Examples                                                    Identifier   integer   Primary key    65   5192       Name   string   Recognizable   Colonial   Bordeaux Red               name for the               Descriptor       Tolerance   float   how large a    0      3.4               subspace this               Descriptor               represents               (used only for               Color strand)       Parent   integer   Pointer to   172     0               parent record in   (= Theme)   (= noparent)               a hierarchy       Strand   integer   Pointer to    2     1               strand to which   (= Design)   (= Color)               the Descriptor               belongs       Image   string   path to an   ../Images/   ../Images/               image file   Colonial.jpg   BordeauxRed.gif               representing               this Descriptor                  
 
     [0120] The Dimensions table, as shown in Table 9, and represented as the Dimensions block  906  in FIG. 9, contains the names of various Dimensions which make up the different classification spaces.  
                           TABLE 9                       Column   Type   Description   Examples                                                    Identifier   integer   Primary key    82   700       Name   string   Recognizable name   Dominant   Formality               for the dimension   L-axis       Min value   float   The minimum value    0      0.0               allowed for this       (value of               dimension       smallest                       Formality                       Primitive)       Max value   float   The maximum value   100      7.0               allowed for this       (value of largest               dimension       Formality                       Primitive)       Strand   integer   Pointer to strand    1    2               to which the   (= Color)   (= Design)               Descriptor belongs                  
 
     [0121] The Facts table, as shown in Table 10, and as represented by the Facts block  904  in FIG. 9, describes where objects belong on each relevant Dimension, based on an objective measurement (e.g., CIELAB L value of the dominant color measured between 30.6 and 35.2), or an expert opinion (“the formality of this object is between Whimsical and Casual”). Note that Facts records are grouped together into cuboids. For each cuboid there should be one Facts record per Dimension.  
                           TABLE 10                       Column   Type   Description   Examples                                                    Cuboid   integer   Pointer to related   101     6                 Cuboids record   (= Cuboid   (= Cuboid B)                   A)       Dimension   integer   Pointer to related   82     700                  Dimensions record   (= Dominant   (= Formality)                   L-axis)       Min value   float   The minimum value   30.6   4.0               measured       (Whimsical)       Max value   float   The maximum value    5.2   6.0               measured       (Casual)                  
 
     [0122] The Palettes table, as shown in Table 11 and as represented by the Palettes block  922  in FIG. 9, contains records which describe a collection of Descriptors that can be taken from one or more Strands. A Strand may have many palettes and a palette can use many Strands.  
                                   TABLE 11                                   Column   Type   Description   Example                          Identifier   integer   Primary key    940           Name   string   Descriptive name   Next Year&#39;s                   of the palette   Trendy Colors           Date   date   Date when the   Jul. 16, 2000           Created       palette was made           Date   date   Date when the   36924           Modified       palette was last                   edited           Version   integer   Version number of     4                   this palette as it                   is altered           Created   string   Name of the palette   J. Smith           By       designer                      
 
     [0123] The Palettes Descriptors table, as shown in Table 12 and as represented by the Palette Descriptors block  920  in FIG. 9, contains the relations between Palettes and Descriptors. Each palette can contain many Descriptors and each Descriptor can appear on more than one palette. Note that each Descriptor preferably only belongs to a single Strand, however, the invention is not to be construed as being so limited.  
                           TABLE 12                       Column   Type   Description   Example                  Palette   integer   Pointer to a palette    940                   (= Next Year&#39;s                   Trendy Colors)       Descriptor   integer   Pointer to a Descriptor   5192                   (= Bordeaux Red)                  
 
     [0124] The Primitives table, as shown in Table 13 and as represented by the Primitives block  908  in FIG. 9, describes the ranges of non-numeric, discrete Dimensions.  
                           TABLE 13                       Column   Type   Description   Example                  Name   String   Descriptive name of   Shabby               the Primitive       Value   Float   Order (if dimension is    1               a spectrum of ordered               values)       Dimension   Integer   Pointer to the   700               dimension the   (= Formality)               Primitive belongs to       Image   String   path to an image file   ../Images/Shabby.jpg               representing this               Primitive                  
 
     [0125] The Strands table, as shown in Table 14 and represented by the Strands block  912  in FIG. 9, provides the different Strands used to break up the classification of an object into sensible parts. As mentioned previously, currently there are four Strands used in the fabric classification embodiment: Color, Composition, Design, and Supply.  
                                   TABLE 14                                   Column   Type   Description   Example                          Identifier   integer   Primary key   1           Name   string   Recognizable name   Color                   for the strand                      
 
     [0126] Upon a user inputting Descriptors, selecting Primitives from palettes, and otherwise inputting information related to a request for a specific object, the present invention preferably searches its existing databases to identify objects (previously defined by sellers) which match the user&#39;s request. More specifically, the present invention preferably utilizes a search engine to retrieve information on objects that meet the criteria specified by the user via the front-end application (i.e., the applications by which objects, Descriptors, Primitives, and the like are specified and/or selected). The design of the search engine utilized by the present invention is preferably specified such that it is compatible with the before mentioned object classification scheme and, for purposes of this specification, shall be so described. However, it is to be appreciated that the search engine may be designed to be compatible with any classification scheme, including ones for objects, designs in general (for example, graphic designs and architectural designs), and any other database in which objects or concepts are generally not precisely defined (i.e., objects or concepts where definitions and other Descriptors may vary based upon physical, functional, temporal, or other parameters).  
     [0127] For the preferred embodiment, the search engine is utilized in conjunction with a classification scheme which designates a place in an N-dimensional space for each object. These Dimensions are the characteristics that can be attributed to any object, such as primary color, depiction, lightness, etc. As discussed previously, these individual Dimensions are preferably grouped in one of three Strands: color, composition, and design. With the fourth Strand, supply, merely providing purchasing information after an object has been identified and selected. Further, each of these Strands is associated with its own Dimensions, such that the characteristics of an object for each Strand can be modeled as a set of one or more cuboids. FIG. 10 illustrates the associations, as previously described above, between Strands, objects, cuboids, ranges, and Dimensions.  
     [0128] When a user initiates a search for objects by specifying criteria that a particular object must meet, the system preferably creates an area for each Dimension called a SearchSpace (i.e., a collection of cuboids that represent the conditions that an object (which can be defined by a collection of cuboids) must meet in order to be selected in a search). The system also creates a SearchGroup which encompasses each of the SearchSpaces and a result set which contains objects, whose place in N-space overlap on more than one of the SearchSpaces in the SearchGroup. Since a search generally comprises one or more SearchSpaces and a collection of SearchSpaces is called a SearchGroup, the present invention suitably utilizes the logical operations (OR and AND) to merge two single SearchGroups into a combined SearchGroup. For example, a search is defined in terms of four Cuboids:  
     [0129] A: {plain, informal, mini, busy, 1920};  
     [0130] B: {Neutral, informal, mini, busy, 1920};  
     [0131] C: Victorian; and  
     [0132] D: Neo-Classical.  
     [0133] As such, the Cuboids are basically requests to the system to find those objects that satisfy (A OR B) AND C OR D). Additionally, the system preferably combines the SearchGroups as follows:  
     [0134] SearchGroup 1: SG1 is formed by the operation A OR B. The result is {A, B}; and  
     [0135] SearchGroup 2: SG2 is formed by the operation C OR D. The Result is {C, D}.  
     [0136] The final combined SearchGroup is formed by the operation AND(SG1, SG2). Which results in the following four groups: {A,C}, {A,D}, {B,C}, {B,D}, which are: (1) plain, informal, mini, busy, 1920, Victorian; (2) plain, informal, mini, busy, 1920, Neo-Classical; (3) neutral, informal, mini, busy, 1920, Victorian; and (4) neutral, informal, mini, busy, 1920, Neo-Classical.  
     [0137] Once the search is defined in terms of at least one SearchGroup, the system offers a SearchGroup object to the search-engine (preferably a software algorithm operated by the controller  16 ) in a structure  1100  as shown in FIG. 11. The search engine utilizes this structure as a basis for finding the objects that satisfy the given criteria. Since information on the objects is preferably stored in a relational database, the controller  16  searches for objects that match specified criteria by utilizing a combination of set operations, as is commonly known in the art In order to search for an object, the controller/search engine first transforms the search criteria specified in the SearchGroup into a table structure that can be processed by the relational database management system. More specifically, the table preferably identifies those SearchSpaces, cuboids in the SearchSpaces, and the range values and associated Dimensions in the cuboids. Since several searches might take place simultaneously, each SearchGoup is issued a unique SearchID. Table 15 provides an illustrative example of a search table.  
                           TABLE 15                                   SearchGroup   Description                          SearchID   An identifier for the search           SearchSpaceID   An identifier for the search space           CuboidID   An identifier for the search cuboid           DimensionID   An identifier for the dimension           HighVal   The highest value in the range           LowVal   The lowest value in the range                      
 
     [0138] The search engine retrieves the objects that meet the criteria by utilizing a combination of SQL statements, which are preferably implemented as parameterized views.  
     [0139] More specifically, the system is designed around a set of predetermined goals, for example, the goal of finding objects that meet the criteria specified by the user. In order to reach this goal, the system provides the necessary functionalities, such as the ability to define a new search, interpret search criteria, search for objects, and present objects to the user. To provide these functionalities, the system utilizes a SearchEngine object (the use of objects in relational databases is well known in the art and is not discussed further herein). The controller interfaces with the SearchEngine object preferably by utilizing the following coding:  
     [0140] SearchEngine.SearchObjects (SG: SearchGroup): SearchResult.  
     [0141] Upon entry of this coding in the relational database management system, the following preferably occurs: (1) a database connection is established; (2) the system then designates a Searchid; (3) at least one SearchGroup is converted into a table structure (as discussed previously); (4) queries are executed for getting the requested data; (5) the system Converts the query into a SearchResult object; (6) then the system removes the SearchGroup data from the table; (7) the connection to the database is closed; and (8) the results of the search are returned to the user.  
     [0142] As mentioned previously, the present invention preferably utilizes a SearchSpace table to retrieve objects from the relational database management system which satisfy the user&#39;s request. In order to develop the search table, the system preferably utilizes the Build Search Table method, as shown in FIG. 12. As shown, the Build Search Table method preferably begins with collecting the SearchSpaces that form the SearchGroups (as discussed previously, herein) (Block  1202 ). The collecting of the SearchSpaces may be a complex activity or a rather simple activity, depending upon the complexity of the objects being searched. After the SearchSpaces are collected, these are then issued a unique identification number which is suitably utilized by the system to track the SearchSpaces and associate search results therewith (Block  1204 ). The SearchSpace is then written with the unique ID into the search table (for example, as shown in Table 15) (Block  1206 ).  
     [0143]FIG. 13 illustrates the relationship between the search engine and a SearchSpace for the present invention. As shown, the search engine  1302  accepts a SearchGroup object  1306  as a search criteria, fills the search table, executes the query, and returns the SearchResult  1304 . Further, the SearchGroup object  1306  represents one or more SearchSpaces  1308  which are suitably derived from the subelements from which the SearchGroup is constructed.  
     [0144] As discussed previously, a SearchSpace is a derived object and a set of SearchSpace objects define a SearchGroup. Since SearchSpace objects generally consist of a set of value ranges, which are grouped together in range groups, a group of value ranges can be user determined (cuboids) or predetermined (named Descriptors). When a SearchSpace consists of more than one RangeGroup, the cuboids of the object must overlap each of these RangeGroups in order to satisfy the search criteria.  
     [0145]FIG. 14 illustrates one embodiment of a structural design of a search engine  1400  based upon the foregoing descriptions. As shown, the search engine  1400  preferably includes a SearchEngine  1402 , which (upon establishing a connection and receiving a request) generates a search, builds a search table, exits queries, builds results, and outputs the SearchResult  1404  to a user. As mentioned previously, the SearchEngine  1402  receives inputs from a SearchGroup  1406  which suitably constructs SearchSpaces  1408  based upon entries in a search table. Additionally, the SearchSpace  1408  utilizes RangeGroups  1410  to determine which values to place in the SearchTable. Similarly, the RangeGroups  1410  receive information from SearchCuboids  1414  which include additional search ranges  1416  and SearchDescriptors  1412 . Lastly, the SearchGroup  1406  may be configured, as particular searches require, to combine various other searches by performing logical Operations  1418  such as OrOperations  1420  and/or AndOperations  1422 . As such, the structure of the search engine  1400  preferably resembles the structure by which data is entered into the system to define object requests and to identify objects.  
     [0146] Additionally, in conducting the identification search, the controller  16  (FIG. 2) can use various different types of comparison. Preferably, these are selectable by the user. They may also be selected individually for different Dimensions. In particular, the controller  16  can look for a direct match between the Primitives defining the Descriptors and the Primitives defining the objects. Alternatively, the controller  16  could look for objects having Primitives within the ranges defined for the Descriptors or overlapping with the ranges defined for the Descriptors.  
     [0147] Thus, according to the described system, a user may search for a particular type of object using Descriptors by which the objects themselves are not defined. New Descriptors may be defined according to changes in fashion. For instance, a classification palette may include fashionable colors for a season or new terms in the trade may be introduced. Despite this, the object records may be used indefinitely without need for modification. The user may also define custom Descriptors according to the user&#39;s own needs. By providing the definition of the Descriptors as classification spaces having Dimensions for the various properties of the classification space, the user can easily change the definition of a Descriptor without the need for a particular textual definition.  
     [0148] Since the system provides a quantitative definition of the subjective Descriptors, it also becomes possible to monitor quantitatively the types of object for which users are looking. This information may be used by suppliers to provide objects according to demand.  
     [0149] Referring now to FIG. 15, one embodiment of a system implementing the features and functions of the present invention is depicted for a fabrics embodiment. In this embodiment, the present invention is hosted by an Internet Service Provider which is contacted by users via an Internet connection. As shown on the Home page  1500 , this embodiment requires a user to register as a member prior to gaining access to the features and functions provided therewith. However, the present invention is not to be construed as requiring users to register before use is permitted and may be utilized in an embodiment where a user&#39;s identity remains anonymous. Additionally, this embodiment preferably uses a username and password to identify user members. However, other recognition schemes such as audio and visual identifiers, coded representations and other information may be utilized.  
     [0150] Upon logging onto the Internet site, the embodiment then provides the Member with a customized Member Home page  1600 , as shown in FIG. 16. At this point, the embodiment suitably presents Special News for Members or other similar information in a first data field  1622  while presenting Order Info in a second data field  1624 . Thus, in addition to providing search and identification capabilities, the fabrics embodiment also provides back-end accounting and order management capabilities, such capabilities are well known in the art. Further, this embodiment provides a user with a menu bar of selections. For example, the user may return (from any other page on the system) to the member Home page by selecting button  1602 . Similarly, the Fabric Search button  1604  initiates fabrics searches. The Workboard button  1608  enables a user to review various aspects of a search and results returned thereto (the Workboard function is explained below in greater detail). A user may edit account information by selecting the My Account button  1608 , or may submit queries to member services via the Member Services Desk button  1610 . Additionally, the Swatch Orders button  1612 , Fabric Orders button  1616 , Contact button  1614 , Info button  1618 , and Logout buttons  1620  provide various self-explanatory functions.  
     [0151] When the Fabric Search button  1604  is selected, the system preferably displays the Basic Search page  1700 , as shown in FIG. 17. This page  1700  allows a user to specify various parameters for a fabric search in a Basics field  1704  when the Basics tab  1702  is selected. These parameters include a price, application, use, collection, Article Ids, and number available in stock. When the Search tab  1712  or Search button  1718  is selected, the system suitably identifies those fabrics meeting the input parameters and provides an indication of the number of results.  
     [0152] Further, when the Search by Reference tab  1714  is selected, this embodiment suitably displays the Search by Reference page  1800 , as shown in FIG. 18. This page  1800  allows a user to input an identifier into an Article Id field  1802  and then conduct searches for those fabrics matching the entered identifier.  
     [0153] Referring again to FIG. 17, this embodiment also allows a user to Open Save Search by selecting the tab  1716 , View Results on a Workboard by selecting button  1720 , and to Save Search via button  1722 . Further, search terms may be specified by selecting one of the three displayed Strands (Color, Composition, and Design) via the corresponding tabs  1706 ,  1708 , and  1710 , respectively.  
     [0154] When the Color tab  1706  is selected, the system displays the Color Search page  1900 , as shown in FIG. 19. This page  1900  allows the user to select a desired color via various approaches. One approach for selecting the color involves selecting a color from a table of color chips  1902 . The selections of color on the color chip may be modified by utilizing the scroll bar  1904 , or selecting a chip on the chip bar  1904 . Additionally, when a name for a color is known, the user may input such color name into the QuickSearch field  1908  and selecting the Find button  1910 . The system preferably displays the selected color in the bottom right portion of the screen display. Additionally, tab fields exist which allow a user to select a Base Color Range  1912  or the Secondary Colors  1914 . The system defaults to the user specifying the primary color first, however, any order for entering and specifying colors may be utilized.  
     [0155] Upon selecting the Secondary Colors tab  1914 , the system then preferably displays the Secondary Color Search page  2000 , as shown in FIG. 20A. This page  2000  preferably provides the user with choices for identifying how the secondary color appears in relation to the primary color. As shown, the user may select from a varying range of color contrasts  2002  and from varying ranges of color distribution  2004 .  
     [0156] Additionally, this embodiment allows a user to use a scroll bar  2008  which suitably varies the contrast between a primary color and a highlight color, as shown in FIG. 20B. The scroll bar  2008  suitably allows the user to change the contrast between a base color, which is selected via the Select Base Color buttons  2010 , and the highlight color. The Deselect button  2012  suitably enables the user to deselect colors.  
     [0157] When the user selects the Composition tab  1708 , the system displays the Composition Selection page  2100 , as shown in FIG. 21. This page  2100  provides the user, in field  2102 , with various check boxes which the user may select, as desired, to specify a specific type of composition for the desired fabric. Those skilled in the art appreciate that any number of fields and/or check boxes may be utilized, as desired, to identify a specific request. The present embodiment is not to be construed as being limited to searches for only fabrics, specific fields, or specific check boxes and may be modified as desired for a particular use or type of fabric identification.  
     [0158] When the user selects the Application tab  2104 , the system displays the Composition (application) selection page  2200 , as shown in FIG. 22. As shown, the system suitably displays in field  2202  a usage for a fabric in a home decorating environment. Other fields and uses may be specified, as desired, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.  
     [0159] When the Design tab  1710  is selected, the system displays the Design (dimension) search selection page  2300 , as shown in FIG. 23. As for the previous pages, this page  2300  also provides a field  2302  in which a user may further specify design characteristics desired for a given fabric. When the Descriptors field  2304  is selected, the system displays the Design (Descriptors) search selection page  2400 , as shown in FIG. 24A. This page  2400  also provides a field  2402  in which the user may select, designate, and/or identify characteristics for a given fabric, or a range of characteristics for a fabric. Further, as shown in FIG. 24B, the present embodiment may also be configured such that a plurality of sliders are provided which assist the user in further defining a search for fabrics. For example, sliders for pattern style  2404 , pattern repeat  2406 , pattern size  2408 , pattern complexity  2410 , and secondary color contrast  2412  are shown. Additionally, high and low values range for each of these colors may be set via buttons  2414  and  2416 , respectively.  
     [0160]FIG. 25 provides an illustration of the Workboard page  2500  presented by this embodiment when the user selects either the View Results on Workboard button  1720  (see FIG. 24A) or the Workboard tab  1606 . As shown in FIG. 25, this page  2500  returns results of searches based upon the criteria previously input by the user. The Workboard feature may preferably be selected at any stage of the request process, with varying levels of sophistication and screening occurring as more parameters are input on the various before mentioned pages. Additionally, the present embodiment provides all of those functions normally associated with Internet-based applications including the capabilities of selecting items for cutting, copying, pasting, enlarging, forwarding to others, etc. Additionally, when a user selects an image presented in the Workboard field  2502 , for example, the Boselli image  2504 , the system preferably provides a View page  2600  associated with the item selected, as shown in FIG. 26.  
     [0161] In addition to providing a field  2606  in which the specifications for the selected fabric are provided and a field  2602  in which an enlarged view of the fabric is provided, the system also provides the user with a selection box  2604  from which various views may be selected. Since this embodiment specifically pertains to tapestries commonly utilized for window coverings, the views provided are directed thereto. However, it is to be appreciated that other views may be generated or made available as specific needs dictate. FIGS.  27 - 30  show the various additional views selectable for this specific application of the present invention, that is FIG. 27 shows a Drape view, FIG. 28 shows an Upholstery view, FIG. 29 shows a Full Repeat view, and FIG. 30 shows a Multiview view. Lastly, by selecting the My Order button  2608 , the user is provided with online ordering features, which are well-known in the art and are not discussed further herein.  
     [0162] As such, the present invention provides a system and method for identifying objects. While the present invention has been described in the context of various data structures, search engines, and Internet applications, it is to be appreciated that the present invention is not to be construed as being limited to those systems and methods identified herein and may be modified, added to, or deleted from, as necessary, to encompass the spirit and scope of the present invention.  
               TABLE 1                          DIMENSIONS AND DESCRIPTORS FOR DESIGN STRAND                     DIMENSIONS   DESCRIPTORS               Category of Pattern (Major groups   ERA (Historical period evoked by       of design): Animal; Figure; Floral;   a design): Ancient; Pre-Christian;       Geometric; Novelty; Ornament;   Greco-Roman; Middle Ages;       Scenic   Renaissance; Elizabethan;       Colorfulness (How colors react in   Neo-Classical; Colonial; Victorian;       design): Plain; Tonal; Neutral;   1920; 1930/1940; Modern; 1960;       Colorful; Rich; Vivid; Brash;   1970; 1980; 1990; 2000+       Clashing   Ethnic Origin (Geographical origin       Depiction (Appearance of a design):   evoked by design): Africa; Egypt;       Fantasy; Photographic; Realistic;   Asia; Central Asia; East Asia;       Tromp L&#39;Oeil; Graphic; Stylized;   Japan; South Asia; India;       Abstract; Textured; Digital   Central &amp; South America; Europe;       Formality (Formality of a design):   Eastern Europe; Russia; Northern       Stately; Formal; Refined; Whimsical;   Europe; Britain; Scandinavia;       Informal; Casual; Shabby   Southern Europe; France; Italy;       Lightness (Measure of lightness of   North America       design): Pale; Pastel; Bright;   Theme (Standard design themes):       Subdued; Greyed; Aged; Dull; Dark   Coptic; Gothic; Gothic Revival;       Locale (How urban or rural is   Baroque; Rococo; Chinoiserie;       design): Metropolitan; Urban;   Colonial; Arts and Crafts;       Suburban; Country; Rural; Nomadic;   Art Nouveau; Bauhaus;       Isolated   Constructivism; Modern; French       Repeat Structure (Physical   Provincial; Country; Ethnic;       construction of repeat): Side-   Tropical; Animal Prints (safari)       by-side; Half over, Half Drop   Trend (Current or fashionable       Pattern Type (Resulting   design themes): Neo Traditional;       Appearance of Repeat): All over;   Geometrics; Anti-Symmetry;       Grid; Brick; Shell; Ogee;   Digital; Country; Asian       Diamond; Trail; Single Motif;       Panel; Border       Scale (Measure of size of repeat):       Micro; Mini; Small; Medium;       Large; Over scale       Density (Measure density of       repeated design): Open; Spacious;       Spot; Medium; Dense Packed       Simplicity (Measure of complexity of       design): Austere; Simple; Lively;       Ornate; Busy; Vibrant; Opulent;       Hectic       Strength (Measure of fragility of       a design): Light; Delicate; Intricate;       Animated; Energetic; Robust; Strong;       Monumental       Temporality (Measure of historical       period of design): Ancient;       Pre-Christian; Greco-Roman; Middle       Ages; Renaissance; Elizabethan;       Neo-Classical; Colonial; Victorian;       1920; 1930/1940; Modern; 1960;       1970; 1980; 1990; 2000+       Texture (Measure of surface texture       appearance): Matte; Faded; Wash;       Painterly; Stipple; Splatter; Faux;       Line; Shiny; Metallic; Loft                  
 
     [0163]               TABLE 2                          DESCRIPTORS FOR SUPPLY STRAND       DESCRIPTORS                         Article Number and Description: Generally a supplier specific identifier of       a fabric       Range Name: Range from which the fabric is taken       Supplier: name or identifier of supplier of fabric       Price: per meter or yard       Price Range: the relative price of a fabric (e.g., low, medium, or high)       Stepped Price List: price based upon length of fabric       Length Available: how many meters/yards of fabric are available for       purchase       Roll Length: the number of meters/yards on a roll of fabric       Color Ways: other color ways in the same range       Linked Coordinates: other fabrics designed to match with a fabric       Regions Served: regions or countries in which a fabric is available       Delayed Delivery Time: time taken to deliver a fabric when there are       unusual circumstances       Newness: how long a fabric has been in the system so that “Hot” or       “New” fabrics can be displayed       Special Promotion: supplier&#39;s text which is used to modify the fabric&#39;s       descriptions, e.g., discounts                    
     [0164]                       TABLE 3                                      Primitives                                         Yarn   Yarn Type   Fibre base       Dimensions   Threads/   Count   Filament/   material in % of       Component   cm   (D)Tex   Spun/Fancy   total fabric weight               Warp       Weft       Pile       Construction   Dobby   Jacquard   Single Fabric   Double fabric           Woven   Woven       Plain       Panama       Twill       Satin       Crèpe       Leno           Plain   Jacquard           Knitted   Knitted       Tricot       Raschel       Rasch + Weft                                 Non-Woven   Layer   N-layers       Spun-bond           N=       Thermo-bond           N=       Chem-bond           N=           Other technique       Finishing   Base Method   Base   Type of Dyestuff               Chemical       Fiber-dyed       Yard-dyed       Piece-dyed       Printed       Coated       Padded       Width       Thickness   Total Weight                         cm   mm   Gr/m2                         Performance                                             Cleaning   θ   ι   ζ   α   η       symbols                         Shrinkage   Length 1-2-3%   Width 1-2-3%                                     Drape-ability   Length   cm   Width   cm           Flexibility       Lightfastness       ISO 105 B02       (0-8)   Score:                 Light (380-780 nm visible light field)       EN: 410 1998                         In %   White   Color                         Transmission   —           Reflection   —                 Total solar energy transmittance       ISO 9050                         Solar factor   White   Color       Value “g tot”       Transparency   White   Color                                 Upholstery   CD   GD   SD   SC       BS 2543                     Abrasion   Rubs       BS 5690   (Martindale)       Piling   Rubs       BS 5690   (Martindale)                         Breakstrength   Length   Width                                 BS 2576   N       N                             Tearstrength   Length   Width                                 BS 4303   N       N                             Seamslippage   Length   Width                                 BS 3320 6 mm   N       N                                     Visible soiling   3   3   3-4   3-4       BS 4948               Protection               Flame retardant                         NFP 92-503   M1   M2       DIN 4102   B1   B2       BS 5852 Part 1   Yes   No       (cig)                 Anti static (there is no standard test for this)       Anti bacterial (there is no standard test for this)       Anti allergic (there is no standard test for this)       Anti fungal (there is no standard test for this)               Environment                             Water repellent           3M-method (1-9)   Score:       Oil repellent       3M-method (1-9)   Score:       Stain resistant (dry)       BASF-method (1-5)   Score:       Stain resistant (wet)       BASF-method (1-5)   Score:       Soil-release       BASF-method (1-5)   Score:       Recyclability       Warmth-/cold insulation       Sound insulation                    
     [0165]                       TABLE 4                          FUNDAMENTAL               COMPONENTS   PROPERTIES   VALUES, UNITS               Base Material       staple (mm) or       Natural   Length   filament (m)       Cellulose (Plant)       um, also dtex               (or denier)       Cotton   Fineness (Diameter)   smooth, scaly,       Flax (Linen)   Surface Character   twisted, lobal, etc.       Hemp       Sisal       rugs       Protein (Animal)       Wool       Specialty Hair Fibers       Mohair       Silk       Filament (Cultivated)       Staple       Waste cultivated       Douppioni (Dupion)       Wild Silk       Manufactured   Any may have           components added to           the liquid fiber-           forming material, or           (synthetics) included           in polymerization           (some also applied as           a finish):           Most NB:           UV blocking esp.           (Polyamide)           FR Flame Retardant           Antistatic           Crease Resistant           Bioactive           Various           Encapsulated           Hydrophilic           More dyeable           Dull, matt (white           pigment)           Cut Resistance           (ceramic particles           in fiber)           Metallic Particles       Cellulosic       Regenerated Cellulose       Viscose, Standard       Modal       Cupro (Cuprammonium)       Lyocell       Cellulose Compound       Acetate       Synthetic   Extruded filaments           may be Drawn           (oriented), for use as           Standard Filament           (yarn) or (from tow)           cut into Staple, then           can be Crimped; used           for Spun Yarn           Extruded filaments           may be Undrawn =           POY (partially           oriented yarn), for           Bulking or testuring—           see Textured Filament           Yarn       Polyester       Polyamide (Nylon)       Aramid       Polyolefin (Olefin)       Polypropylene       Polyethylene       Acrylic       Modacrylic       Chlorofibre       Polyvinylchloride (Vinyon)       Polyvinylidenechloride       (Saran)       Vinylal (Vinal)       Biocomponent       Layered, Different       Refractive Indices       Mineral       Glass       Metal       Yarn Construction       Standard       Continuous Filament Yarn       Fibers mess. In m               Thickness               (Gauge) + Width       Split-Film       Extruded       Monofilament       Multifilament       Standard       Textured or BCF (bulked       continuous filament)       Stretch   Heat Set       False-Twist       Knit-Deknit       Edge-Crimp       Some stretch, some bulk       Stuffer Box, Gear, Tunnel       Crimped, No Stretch       Air-Textured   No Heat Set       Loop-textured       Spun-like   Loops Very Small       Spun Yarn   Staple fibers   Fibers meas, in mm           Any may be Single,   2-30 t/cm           Ply, Cable Amount of           Twist varies       Conventional Carded       Conventional Carded +       Combed       Non-Conventional       Open-end       Air-Jet       Direct       Fancy Yarn       Irregular Ply   May have Core, Effect           Ply, Binder Effect Ply           forms one of:           Elongated thickening           Small thickening           Open Loop or Closed           One ply wraps           around another       Slub       Nub, Knop       Loop       Spiral or Corkscrew       Metallic       Film-coated aluminum   Film usually acetate or           polyester.       Chenille   Expensive, made by           weaving       Fabric Construction       Woven   For any, variations in   Warp/cm           fiber and yarn type,   Weft/cm           color, plus relative size   Thread count =           and closeness of yarns   Warp &amp; Weft/cm       Plain Weave       Balanced       Basket       Rib       Twill Weave       Warp-Face       Weft-Face       Irregular       Satin Weave       Warp-Face       Weft-Face       Dobby Weave       Crepe by weave       Structural Design   small, hard-edged   Max. 32 weft rows       Reversible and Double   3-4 sets warp/weft       Cloth   3 sets warp, 2 sets           weft       Pile Weave   Any vary in ground   Tufts/cm           weave: plain or twill,           how close; in pile           density       Warp Pile       Extra Warp Woven In   By Double Cloth (cut   Shot-terry           pile), (carpet)           Overwire (cut or           uncut), Slack Tension           Warp (cut or uncut)       Pile Hand-Tied (Oriental)       Type of know       Weft Pile       Extra Weft Woven In   With Wale (Corduroy)           Or Without           (Velveteen)       Chenille Yarn Weft       Leno Weave   Warp yarns crossed           in pairs       Figures Woven Extra Yarns       Extra Warp       Lappet       Clip-Spot       Extra-Weft       Swivel       Clip-Spot       Jacquard Weave-structural   2-5 sets warp/weft       desgin       Knit       Warp   Can be Structural   Stitch density           Design, especially           Raschel)           If yarns colored,   Wales/cm,           effect lengthwise       Tricot   Spring Beard needle,   Courses/cm           Limited Range, Type   (Equiv. Of Gauge)           Yarns       Raschel   Latch needle,           Unlimited Range,           Type Yarns       Simplex   Like a Double Tricot       Tufted       Stitch-Knit (with yarn)       Braided       Twisted (Net &amp; Leavers       type of lace       Felt       Nonwoven       Fiber Web Bonded       Adhesive-bonded       Heat-bonded       Needled       Spunbonded       Spunlaced       Stitch-Knit (no yarn)       Natural Fabric       Leather       Fur       Film       Foam       Compound—“Systems”       of fabrics joined together       Quilted       Laminated (Adhesive, Heat,       Foam + Heat)       Fabric Finish       Physical       Wash       Scour according to fiber       type       Stone Wash, Acid Wash,       etc.       Enzyme Wash (using       cellulase) = “biopolishing”       cotton       Full (wool)       Beetle (linen)       Sand (Emerize)       Tumble       Calender (press)       Nap, Brush, with or without       Shear       Singe, Gas       Heat Set       Chemical       Mercerize (Cotton)       Mothproof (Wool)       Impregnate   TTD: ISO 4880-1984       Flame Retardant       Stain, Soil Resistance       Water       Water &amp; Oil (Flurocarbon)       Soil Release       Resin       Crease Restance   Wrinkel Recovery       Durable Press       Coat       Waterproof       Leather-Like       Latex (Room Darken)       Flock Allover (Velvet-like,       Suede-like)       Reflective       Dye Color Technique       Spun-Dyed (Pigment, Dye       put in liquid fiber-forming       material)       Stock (fiber), Top,   Yarn can have       Tow-Dyed,   Uniform or           Variable Color       Yarn-Dyed   Yarn can have           Uniform or           Variable Color:       Skein   Variable:            Space-Dyed       Package-Dyed   Ikat (warp ikat,           weft ikat, couble ikat)       Atmospheric       Pressure       Piece-Dyed       Atmospheric       Pressure       Pigment-Dyed (pigment       or dye bound to fabric       surface)       Type of Dye       Acid       Mordant, esp,       Chrome       Metal Colplex       Basic (some called       Cationic)       Disperse       Reactive (Feber-Reactive)       Vat       Naphthol (Azoic)       Sulfur       Applied Design   (applied after fabric           construction—except           warp print)       Print       Color   Warp Print (Chine&#39;           Design) “bleeding           edge”: on yarns           beamed for weaving,           by rotary, screen.           Direct Print, Transfer           Print       Rotary       Screen       flat-screened       rotary-screened       Ink-Jet (Digital)       Block Print       Stencil       Transfer Print       Resist Print (followed by       Piece Dyeing)       Discharge Print       (followed by Direct)       Print Chemical       Burnt-out       Plisse&#39;       Flock   Adhesive, Type of           Process affect           durability       Pressure       Embossed       Moire&#39; (cross rib       weave, 2 layers)       Embroider       Pleat                             (1A) RESULTING CHARACTERISTICS   (1B) VALUES               Sensory Impact       Behavior to Light       Light Reflection   (0%-100%)       shiny/lustrous/glossy/polished, glazed,       dull/matte (US Prefers matte)       changeable (glitter, glimmer, iridescent,       pearlescent, shot, etc.)       Transparency       sheer       semi-sheer       opaque       Hand (Feel)       cool       warm       soft       smooth       Xx to slippery   friction test       rough       springy, wiry   crease recovery test       crisp       stiff       pliable, supple, fluid, limp, drapey   drape test       Surface Texture       Nap or Pile       Short Nap       Medium Nap   each of these       Long Nap (Hairy/Furry)   can be further       Short Pile   specified as       Medium Pile   woven, knit,       Long Pile   tufted, flocked,       Dense Pile   twisted, embroidered or       Medium Density Pile   embossed, or whatever       Sparse Pile       Rib or Cord       Lengthwise       Crosswise       Pattern in Relief on Surface       Texture From Fancy Yarn       Irregular Ply   Slubby, Nubby           (Knoppy),           Loopy, Spiral or           Corkscrew       Metallic   Glittering, Glimmering       Physical Characteristics and Performance       Weight   Grams per sq. metre           (g/m 2         Thickness   Yarn, Fabric; mm       Strength       Tensile Strength   newtons (N)       Tenacity (Fiber)   centinewtons per           decitex           (cN/dtex) close to grams           per denier (gpd)       upholstery Tearing Strength   N       Resistance to Abrasion   various tests       Resistance to Piling       Resistance to Snagging   Mace test, units, prob.           1-5 re photos       glass fiber       Resistance to Flexing       Seam Strength   N       Seam Slippage       Modulus   esp. Wet Modulus re           viscose       Elasticity   %       Crease Resistance   Crease Recovery test, or           photos 1-5       Dimensional Stability       Shrink Resistance   0%-18%       Soil Release       Resistance to Stretching, Sagging       Resistance to Static Electricity Generation       Flame Resistance   France: NF-P92-50;           Germany DIM 4102       Water Repellency   3M Method: 0-8       Oil Repellency   3M Method: 0-8       Stain Resistance   Gray or Stain Scale:           Grade 0 or 1-5       Heat Insulation   Tog       Bioactivity       Antibacterial       Antifungal       Resistance to Tendering by (UV) Light       Colorfastness       Fastness to Light   ISO 103B02 ‘blue scale’           0-8; AATCC 1-8       Fastness to Crocking   Gray or Stain Scale:           Grade 0 or 1-5       Fastness to Commercial Cleaning       Fastness to Dry Cleaning       Fastness to Wet Cleaning       Fastness to Home Laundering       Care Instructions       Recyclability       Conformity to, e.g., ISO 9000       Product       Window Covering       Curtain (includes all weights, net and glass       curtains, drapes, etc.)       Normal       Careful Domestic   Sheer       Domestic   Light Filtering       Severe Domestic (or Compact)   Semi-Sheer       Severe Contract   Opaque       In-Between   Room Darkening       Net       Blind   Differences according       Roman   to material made of and           style:       Panel   aluminum; smooth or           textured,       Vertical   PVC (vinyl): smooth or       Horizontal   woven-look, wood,           rattan,       Venetian   pleated       Roller       Upholstery, Slip Covers       Furniture       Cover Frame       Loose Cushions       Cushions       Filling       Trim       Table Linen       Table Cloth       Place Mat       Napkin       Silence Cloth       Bedding       Bed Spread       Sheets, Pillow Cases       Comforter, Duvet       Blanket       Mattress Covers (Ticking)       Bath       Towel, Wash Cloth       Bath Mat       Shower Curtain       Differences Face to Back as fabric       made = “Technical Face,”       “Technical Back“; not always the       same as “Right” vs “Wrong” Side       Reversible fabrics       Plain Weave, pattern such as check       yarn-dyed       Dobby Weave Reversible (compound weave)       Fabrics where technical Face is (usually)       Right Side       Twill weave fabrics of wool, silk       family Right Hand       (Cotton family may be Left or Right Hand)       Satin weave filament warp float       warpwise (Warp Face)       (Cotton family may be Weft Face or       Warp Face)       More marked Surface Texture on one side       (See preceding section on Surface       Texture)       Plain stitch knit with Lay-in on back of       yarn that is Napped (lay-in on back of       Fancy Yarn or if Silver Pile is used as       right side)       Tricot knit without colored or fancy       yarn knitted in, and not printed or       brushed       Fabric Right Side will (usually);       Be more lustrous       Be more closely constructed       Have tenter holes smaller       Have fewer imperfections       Be folded to inside as shipped       from manufacturer