Patent Publication Number: US-9903344-B2

Title: Power generation system including wind power generation and solar thermal power generation

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of prior International Application No. PCT/JP2013/004589 filed on Jul. 29, 2013, which is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Applications No. 2012-175413 filed on Aug. 7, 2012, No. 2012-175414 filed on Aug. 7, 2012, and No. 2012-175415 filed on Aug. 7, 2012; the entire contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     Embodiments described herein relate generally to a power generation system. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A power generation system including a wind power generation apparatus, a solar photovoltaic power generation apparatus, and the like performs power generation by means of renewable energy to output electric power to an electric power system. In such a power generation system, due to natural conditions to change irregularly, the power generation output does not stabilize and fluctuates. That is, a power generation amount sometimes fluctuates greatly. As a result, fluctuations of electric power are sometimes caused in the electric power system to degrade the quality of electric power. 
     Therefore, it has been proposed that electric power should be stabilized by means of a storage battery to improve the quality of electric power. Concretely, when electric power generated by a power generation device described above is surplus, a storage battery is charged with a surplus, and when it is insufficient, the storage battery is discharged, and thereby fluctuations of electric power are compensated. 
     However, the storage battery has advantages of good conversion efficiency of electric power and the like, but its aged deterioration caused by repeated charge and discharge needs to be considered, resulting in that a running cost increases due to exchange of batteries. In consideration of such a background, in the power generation system using renewable energy, how effectively generated electric power having large fluctuations is used results in an important factor. 
     Further, when power generation is performed on a large scale in the power generation system described above, a large-scale storage battery is required, so that a considerable expense is required. Due to such circumstances, it is not easy to smooth power generation output at low cost, and it is sometimes difficult to stabilize electric power. 
     An object to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power generation system capable of effectively using electric power obtained by wind power generation and capable of easily achieving stabilization of electric power. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a constitution view of a power generation system according to a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram functionally illustrating an electrothermal converting unit in the power generation system according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is a waveform chart of each signal to be transmitted to the electrothermal converting unit in the power generation system according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a view used for explaining a time constant set in a high-pass filter provided in the electrothermal converting unit in the power generation system according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram functionally illustrating a temperature control system of a heating medium in a power generation system according to a second embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a constitution view of a power generation system according to a third embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  is a view illustrating a constitution of a power generation control device in the power generation system according to the third embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  is a view used for explaining how tower shadow effect electric power is calculated in the power generation system according to the third embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  is a view illustrating an operation to detect a fluctuation position in the power generation system according to the third embodiment; 
         FIG. 10  is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the power generation system in the power generation system according to the third embodiment; 
         FIG. 11  is a view illustrating how an envelope is generated with respect to wind power generated electric power to fluctuate for a short term in the power generation system according to the third embodiment; 
         FIG. 12  is a conceptual diagram illustrating a concept of a power generation system according to a fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 13  is a block diagram illustrating a control device and members to perform input and output of data with the control device in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 14  is a view illustrating a function to be used in a first function unit in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 15  is a view illustrating a function to be used in a second function unit in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 16A  is a view illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 16B  is a view illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 16C  is a view illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 17A  is a view illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 17B  is a view illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 18A  is a view illustrating data on electric power to be output to an electric power system from a wind power generation apparatus in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 18B  is a view illustrating data on the electric power to be output to the electric power system from the wind power generation apparatus in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 18C  is a view illustrating data on the electric power to be output to the electric power system from the wind power generation apparatus in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 19  is a block diagram illustrating a control device and members to perform input and output of data with the control device in a power generation system according to a fifth embodiment; 
         FIG. 20A  is a view illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the fifth embodiment; 
         FIG. 20B  is a view illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the fifth embodiment; 
         FIG. 20C  is a view illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the fifth embodiment; 
         FIG. 20D  is a view illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the fifth embodiment; 
         FIG. 21A  is a view illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the fifth embodiment; and 
         FIG. 21B  is a view illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the fifth embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A power generation system in an embodiment includes: a wind power generation apparatus, a solar thermal power generation apparatus; and an electrothermal converting unit. The solar thermal power generation apparatus includes: a heater heating a heating medium by solar heat; and a heat exchanger exchanging heat of the heating medium heated by the heater and heat of a working fluid to operate a drive mechanism of a power generator. The electrothermal converting unit converts part of electric power generated by the wind power generation apparatus into heat to heat the heating medium. 
     Hereinafter, there will be explained embodiments based on the drawings. 
     First Embodiment 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a power generation system  1  in this embodiment is a hybrid power generation system in which a wind power generation apparatus  2  and a solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  are combined. 
     The wind power generation apparatus  2  includes: as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a propeller windmill; a plurality of wings  2   a  (blades) supported by a rotor (whose illustration is omitted); a nacelle  2   b ; and a tower  2   c . Incidentally, in the wind power generation apparatus  2 , the part of the rotor and the wings  2   a  is also called a “windmill.” 
     In the nacelle  2   b  and the like, as illustrated in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 2 , a speed-increasing gear (whose illustration is omitted), a power generator  21  (WTG: Wind Turbine Generator), a power conditioner  22  (PCS: Power Conditioning System), and the like are housed. 
     The plural wings  2   a  rotate by wind power, and their rotational force is transmitted to the power generator  21  via respective units such as a rotation shaft and the speed-increasing gear (whose illustration is omitted). The power generator  21  is driven by the transmitted rotational force to perform power generation. The power conditioner  22  is a direct current-alternating current converter, and converts electric power generated by the power generator  21  to alternating current electric power at a predetermined frequency (for example, 60 Hz or 50 Hz) to output it. 
     On the other hand, the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3 , as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , includes: a circulating system  3   a  on the turbine side where a working fluid F2 to operate a turbine  15  circulates; and a circulating system  3   b  where a heating medium F1 to heat the working fluid F2 circulates. 
     In the circulating system  3   b  of the heating medium F1, a heating medium circulation channel  10 , a heater  5 , a heating medium transfer pump  9 , a heat exchanger  14 , and a solar heat collector  7  are provided. The heating medium F1 is a heating medium oil capable of being heated to a temperature of 200° C. to 300° C. or so, for example. 
     The solar heat collector  7  is a heater to heat the heating medium F1 by collecting solar heat. The solar heat collector  7  is provided with a plurality of mirrors  6  and a pipe  8 . The pipe  8  constitutes part of the heating medium circulation channel  10 , and inside the pipe  8 , the heating medium F1 flows. 
     The relative orientation of the mirrors  6  with respect to the sun and the pipe  8  is appropriately changed (adjusted) by a mirror driving unit (whose illustration is omitted). The solar heat collector  7  collects solar heat by collecting sunlight onto a circumferential surface of the pipe  8  installed in front of the mirrors  6 . Then, by the collected solar heat, the heating medium F1 flowing through the pipe  8  is heated. 
     The heater  5  is an electric heater to be driven (operated) by electric power. The heater  5  is provided at any place of the heating medium circulation channel  10 , and further heats the heating medium F1 flowing through the heating medium circulation channel  10 . The heating medium circulation channel  10  includes the pipe  8  installed in front of the mirrors  6  as part of the channel. In the heating medium circulation channel  10 , the heating medium F1 flows and circulates via the solar heat collector  7 , an electrothermal converting unit  30  including the heater  5  (to be described later), and the heat exchanger  14 . The heating medium transfer pump  9  transfers the heating medium F1 to the heating medium circulation channel  10 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the circulating system  3   a  on the turbine side applies a binary power generation system, for example, in which a low-boiling-point medium having a boiling point lower than that of water (for example, an organic medium such as pentane, a mixed fluid of ammonia and water) circulates as the working fluid F2. Incidentally, the circulating system  3   a  on the turbine side may also be constituted by a system including a steam turbine using steam as the working fluid F2. 
     In the circulating system  3   a  on the turbine side, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a working fluid circulation channel  12 , the heat exchanger  14 , the turbine  15 , a power generator  16 , a condenser  17 , a cooling tower  18 , a cooling water transfer pump  19 , and a working fluid transfer pump  20  are provided. The turbine  15  is a drive mechanism to drive the power generator  16  and operates by the working fluid F2. 
     The working fluid circulation channel  12  constitutes a channel where the working fluid F2 flows from the turbine  15  and flows back to the turbine  15  through the condenser  17 , the working fluid transfer pump  20 , and the heat exchanger  14 . The working fluid F2 that is pressurized by the working fluid transfer pump  20  is transferred to the heat exchanger  14 . In the heat exchanger  14 , heat exchange is performed between the heating medium F1 heated by at least the solar heat collector  7  and the working fluid F2. That is, in the heat exchanger  14 , the working fluid F2 is heated by heat of the heating medium F1, while the heating medium F1 is cooled. 
     The working fluid F2 heated in the heat exchanger  14  flows into the turbine  15  through the high pressure side. The turbine  15  rotates by motive power obtained by the working fluid F2. A rotation shaft of the turbine  15  is coupled to the power generator  16 . The power generator  16  is driven by means of the rotation shaft of the turbine  15 , to thereby perform power generation. The solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  has a time delay of several minutes or so between heat input and power generation. That is, a time delay is created while heat input is performed by heating the heating medium F1, the heat of the heating medium F1 is transmitted to the working fluid, the turbine  15  operates by the inflow of the working fluid F2, and thereby power generation is performed by the power generator  16 . 
     The working fluid F2 discharged from the turbine  15  on the low pressure side is in a gas state mainly and flows into the condenser  17 . The discharged working fluid F2 is cooled by a cooling water in the condenser  17  to turn into a liquid to be led to the working fluid transfer pump  20 . The cooling water flows between the condenser  17  and the cooling tower  18  by the cooling water transfer pump  19  to circulate therebetween. 
     Next, the electrothermal converting unit  30  provided in the power generation system  1  in this embodiment will be explained. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the electrothermal converting unit  30  converts part of electric power generated by the wind power generation apparatus  2  into heat to heat the heating medium F1. In the wind power generation apparatus  2 , a power generation amount greatly varies (fluctuates) depending on the scale of wind power that the wings  2   a  receive. Therefore, the electrothermal converting unit  30  smoothes generated electric power having large fluctuations to output the smoothed electric power to an electric distribution system. 
     As described above, the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  has a time delay of several minutes or so between heat input and power generation. By means of this characteristic, the electrothermal converting unit  30  extracts a high-frequency component higher than a predetermined frequency (a relatively fast output fluctuation component) from the electric power generated by the wind power generation apparatus  2  and supplies the extracted high-frequency component electric power to the heater  5  to heat the heating medium F1. 
     Concretely, the electrothermal converting unit  30 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , includes: a current transformer  23  (CT: Current Transformer); an electric power converting section  33 ; and an electric power conversion control section  31 , in addition to the above-described heater  5 . 
     The electric power converting section  33  converts (part) of the electric power output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  to electric power to drive the heater  5 . Specifically, the electric power converting section  33  includes what is called an inverter power supply circuit  24  in a pulse width modulation (PWM: Pulse Width Modulation) control system. 
     The current transformer  23  measures the alternating-current electric power output from the power conditioner  22  of the wind power generation apparatus  2 . Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the current transformer  23  inputs a signal S 1  of this measurement to the electric power conversion control section  31 . 
     The electric power conversion control section  31  controls an operation of the electric power converting section  33  provided with the inverter power supply circuit  24  so that the high-frequency component of the generated electric power of the wind power generation apparatus  2  may be converted into electric power to drive the heater  5 . 
     Here, the electric power conversion control section  31  includes: a high-pass filter  26 ; an adder  29 ; and a function unit  32 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . 
     The high-pass filter  26  of the electric power conversion control section  31  is constituted by combining a smoothing filter  27  (a low-pass filter) and a subtracter  28 . 
     The signal S 1  output from the current transformer  23  is input to the smoothing filter  27  and the subtracter  28  in the high-pass filter  26 . 
     With regard to an output of the smoothing filter  27 , as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , a signal S 2  obtained by removing the high-frequency component from the signal S 1  (a low-frequency component) is output. 
     The subtracter  28 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 , outputs a signal S 3  obtained by subtracting the signal S 2  from the signal S 1  (a difference signal). 
     That is, the high-pass filter  26  (the subtracter  28 ) outputs the high-frequency component of the signal S 1  input from the current transformer  23 . Here, in order to extract the previously described high-frequency component (the relatively fast output fluctuation component) from the electric power generated by the wind power generation, a time constant smaller than, for example, 1 minute that corresponds to this usage is set in the high-pass filter  26 . 
     The adder  29 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 , outputs a signal S 4  obtained by adding a heater input bias B with a value set beforehand to the signal S 3  output from the subtracter  28 . In order to enable the control by the previously described inverter power supply circuit  24 , the adder  29  obtains the signal S 4  by adding the heater input bias B to the signal S 3  so that a negative component lower than a reference potential (for example, 0 V) may be shifted to a component on the positive side, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . That is, a signal value of the signal S 4  becomes larger than 0. 
     To the function unit  32 , the signal S 4  as a variable is input from the adder  29  as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . Then, the function unit  32  converts the input signal S 4  to a signal S 5  corresponding to the inverter power supply circuit  24  side (changes the level or the like of the signal, for example). Then, the function unit  32  outputs the converted signal S 5  (a function). 
     In the electric power converting section  33 , the inverter power supply circuit  24  performs PWM control based on the signal S 5  output by the function unit  32 . Thereby, the inverter power supply circuit  24  converts the high-frequency component of the generated electric power output from the power conditioner  22  of the wind power generation apparatus  2  (the output fluctuation component) into the driving electric power to drive the heater  5 . Then, the heater  5  is driven by the driving electric power supplied from the inverter power supply circuit  24 . Thereby, the heating medium F2 flowing through the heating medium circulation channel  10  is heated. 
     Thermal energy of the heating medium F1 heated in this manner is effectively used as energy for power generation performed by the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3 . On the other hand, as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the electric power smoothed by removing the high-frequency component (the output fluctuation component) from the generated electric power output from the power conditioner  22  of the wind power generation apparatus  2  is increased in voltage to a predetermined voltage via a transformer  25  to then be transmitted to the electric distribution system (an electric power system). 
     Here, the time constant of the high-pass filter  26  will be explained with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
       FIG. 4  is a view illustrating the relationship between a time constant τ of the high-pass filter  26  (a fluctuation time period of generated electric power) and an adjustable width of rated power generation output. In  FIG. 4 , the horizontal axis indicates the time constant τ (the fluctuation time period of generated electric power), and the vertical axis indicates an adjustable width X of rated power generation output. Further, in  FIG. 4 , characteristics of power generator governor control (feedback control of a rotor rotation speed of a power generator), LFC (Load Frequency Control/load frequency control), ELDC (Economic Load Dispatch Control), and conventional hybrid control (hybrid power generation control) including power generation using renewable energy are illustrated as examples. 
     As is clear from  FIG. 4 , in the power generation system  1  in this embodiment, the time constant τ of the high-pass filter  26  is set to a value smaller than 1 minute, thereby making it possible to suppress generation of the fluctuation component of the generated electric power and to output stable generated electric power with reduced fluctuations. 
     As above, in the power generation system  1  in this embodiment, the fluctuation component of the electric power generated by the wind power generation apparatus  2  is converted into the thermal energy used for power generation on the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  side. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to effectively use the electric power obtained by the wind power generation and to output stable electric power with suppressed fluctuations. Further, in the power generation system  1  in this embodiment, it is possible to smooth the generated electric power by using the heater  5  substantially. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to reduce a running cost as compared to the case where a storage battery with a durability problem is used for smoothing of generated electric power. 
     Second Embodiment 
     There will be explained a second embodiment with reference to  FIG. 5 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , a power generation system in this embodiment further includes: as a temperature control system of the heating medium F1, a temperature sensor  51 ; a heating medium heating control unit  52 ; and a mirror driving unit, (which is not illustrated in the first embodiment),  53 , in addition to the constitution of the power generation system  1  according to the first embodiment. 
     The temperature sensor  51  detects a temperature of the heating medium F1 circulating through the heating medium circulation channel  10 . The temperature sensor  51  is installed at the heating medium circulation channel  10  (see  FIG. 1 ). For example, the temperature sensor  51  is installed on a downstream side (a subsequent stage side) of the solar heat collector  7 , on a downstream side of the heater  5 , or the like. Practically, the temperature sensor  51  is installed at the position where the heating medium F1 becomes the highest temperature on the entire path of the heating medium circulation channel  10 . The temperature sensor  51 , for example, indirectly detects the temperature of the heating medium F1 by detecting a surface temperature of the pipe, for example, or the like constituting the heating medium circulation channel  10 . Additionally, it is also possible that the temperature sensor  51  is inserted into the heating medium circulation channel  10  to directly detect the temperature of the heating medium F1. 
     The heating medium heating control unit  52  controls one or both of the mirror driving unit  53  and the heating medium transfer pump  9  based on a detection result of the temperature sensor  51 . More specifically, the heating medium heating control unit  52  includes: a heating medium heatproof temperature storage section  52   a ; and a heating medium heating state prediction section  52   b.    
     The heating medium heatproof temperature storage section  52   a  stores a heatproof temperature of the heating medium F1 (a temperature capable of obtaining a physical property as an oil) therein. 
     The heating medium heating state prediction section  52   b  predicts (determines) whether or not the temperature (the maximum temperature) of the heating medium F1 detected by the temperature sensor  51  exceeds a threshold value temperature with, for example, a predetermined margin secured with respect to the heatproof temperature of the heating medium F1. 
     When the maximum temperature of the heating medium F1 detected by the temperature sensor  51  is predicted to exceed the threshold value, the heating medium heating control unit  52  controls the mirror driving unit  53  so that each focal position of the mirrors  6  where sunlight is collected may deviate from, for example, the center core position of the pipe  8 . Besides, the heating medium heating control unit  52  controls the drive of the heating medium transfer pump  9  so that a transfer speed of the heating medium F1 circulating through the heating medium circulation channel  10  may increase. The heating medium heating control unit  52  may perform one of the control of the mirror driving unit  53  and the control of the heating medium transfer pump  9 , or may also perform the both. By these controls, the heating medium heating control unit  52  suppresses a temperature increase of the heating medium F1. 
     Thus, according to the power generation system in this embodiment, it is possible to suppress excessive heating in addition to the effect of the power generation system  1  according to the first embodiment. In this embodiment, physical destruction of the heating medium F1 and the like can be prevented. 
     Third Embodiment 
       FIG. 6  is a view illustrating a constitution of a power generation system according to a third embodiment. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , a power generation system  1  in this embodiment is a power generation system in which wind power generation to generate electric power by rotation of a windmill and solar thermal power generation in which the heating medium F1 circulating through the heating medium circulation channel  10  including the pipe  8  is heated by heat collected by the solar heat collector  7  and the heated heating medium F1 is used for power generation are combined. That is, the power generation system  1  is a hybrid power generation system in which the wind power generation apparatus  2  and the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  are connected, similarly to the case of the above-described embodiments. In this embodiment, descriptions of portions overlapping the above-described embodiments are omitted as necessary. Incidentally, the number of the wings  2   a  is set to three for convenience of explanation only in this embodiment, but the number is not limited to this. 
     In this embodiment, inside the nacelle  2   b  or the tower  2   c , a rotary encoder (whose illustration is omitted) is housed. The rotary encoder measures the rotation speed of the rotor to output the resultant as a windmill rotation speed Wr. 
     Further, in this embodiment, the heater  5  is driven by electric power (heater driving electric power Ph) supplied from a power generation control device  600 , for example. 
     There will be explained details of the power generation control device  600  with reference to  FIG. 7  to  FIG. 9 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the power generation control device  600  includes: a wind fluctuation follower  621  (a smoothed electric power signal generation unit); a tower shadow effect observer  622  (a tower shadow effect electric power generation unit); and a short-term fluctuating electric power extraction unit  626 . 
     The wind fluctuation follower  621  is a secondary delay filter for wind power generated electric power containing fluctuations (to be referred to as “windmill electric power Pmessure” hereinafter) measured by the wind power generation apparatus  2 . Here, the wind fluctuation follower  621  is explained on the condition that it is a secondary filter, but it is not limited to this. The wind fluctuation follower  621  smoothes the windmill electric power Pmessure by (Expression 1) below, to thereby generate smoothed electric power Pwd (a smoothed electric power signal) being smoothed wind power generation output and output it. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
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     The delay filter is constituted by, for example, a low-pass filter, and the like. The delay filter has a time constant not causing a tower shadow effect. Concretely, the delay filter has a time constant of 1 second to 60 seconds or so, for example, and delays and smoothes power generation output of the wind power generation with this time constant to output it. 
     The tower shadow effect observer  622  includes: as a rotation angle observation section, an observer section  623 ; a tower shadow effect electric power calculation section  624 ; and a memory  625 . 
     The tower shadow effect observer  622  obtains a torque reduction amount of which torque reduces when each of the wings  2   a  of the rotating windmill passes by the tower  2   c , based on both the windmill rotation speed Wr measured by using the rotary encoder and previously stored design data (blade model) expressing the relationship between the wing  2   a  of the windmill and the tower  2   c  supporting the windmill. Then, the tower shadow effect observer  622  generates tower shadow effect electric power Psh from the obtained torque reduction amounts of the three wings  2   a  and the smoothed electric power Pwd generated by the wind fluctuation follower  621 . 
     The memory  625  stores wind power generation facility data and calculation expressions (Expression 1 to Expression 4, and the like) therein. The memory  625  stores, as the wind power generation facility data, the design data such as the wings  2   a  of the windmill, the tower  2   c  supporting the windmill, the torque generated by rotation of the wing  2   a , and generated electric power generated by rotation of the wing  2   a , for example, therein. The design data contains, for example, data expressing the positional relationship between the wing  2   a  of the windmill and the tower  2   c  supporting the windmill, a blade model being a program simulating the rotation of the wing  2   a  of the windmill, and the like. The blade model simulates a mechanism in which when the rotating wing  2   a  overlaps the tower  2   c  in a direction along the rotation shaft, the torque reduces and the power generation output reduces. 
     The observer section  623  calculates (estimates) a rotation angle δ of the wing  2   a  of the windmill by using the measured windmill electric power Pmessure and the windmill rotation speed Wr. An angle at which the wing  2   a  rotates with, for example, a standing direction of the tower  2   c  (a vertical direction) or a horizontal direction set to 0° is 
     The tower shadow effect electric power calculation section  624  calculates (estimates) the tower shadow effect electric power Psh being electric power by the tower shadow effect from the rotation angle δ calculated by the observer section  623  and the smoothed electric power Pwd obtained by the wind fluctuation follower  621 . 
     Specifically, the tower shadow effect electric power calculation section  624  calculates timing (time) at which the wing  2   a  of the windmill goes behind the tower  2   c . Then, the tower shadow effect electric power calculation section  624  calculates a torque reduction at the calculated timing and calculates a reduction amount of a power generation amount with the calculated torque reduction. 
     The tower shadow effect electric power calculation section  624 , in order to calculate the tower shadow effect electric power Psh, first calculates (estimates) a reduction in electric power caused by each of the three wings  2   a  of the windmill passing by the position of the tower  2   c.    
     The reduction in electric power made by electric power reducing when the wing  2   a  of the rotating windmill passes by the tower  2   c  is expressed by a cosine function (cos θ). 
     Further, the power generation amount of the wind power generation can be approximated by a total value Ptw of electric powers generated by using the respective wings  2   a  with (Expression 2) below. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                       
                   
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     Here. ε represents a width of the tower  2   c , δ represents a rotation angle of the single wing  2   a  constituting the windmill. Twind represents torque of the windmill, and ω represents a rotation angle speed. The rotation angle δ can be expressed by (Expression A) below. 
     [Mathematical Expression 3]
 
δ=∫ω dt  . . . (   A )  (Expression A)
 
     Incidentally, δ′ and δ″ in (Expression 2) above represent rotation angles of the other wings  2   a  constituting the windmill. The three wings  2   a  are disposed at regular intervals in a rotation direction. Therefore. δ′ and δ″ become an angle obtained by subtracting 120 degrees from δ and an angle obtained by subtracting 240 degrees from δ respectively. Further, ε represents a range affected by the tower shadow effect, namely represents the width of the tower  2   c , and is a parameter determined by the thickness of the tower  2   c.    
     With respect to each term inside parentheses in (Expression 2), the upper stage portion (the portion in which “(1−cos(δ/ε))” and the like are described) expresses the case of a time period during which the wing  2   a  passes by the tower  2   c . Then, the lower stage portion (the portion in which “1 . . . otherwise” is described) expresses the case of a time period other than the time period during which the wing  2   a  passes by the tower  2   c . As is clear from (Expression 2), in the time period during which the wing  2   a  passes by the tower  2   c , the power generation output reduces, while in the other time period, the power generation output does not change. 
     Concretely, in the time period during which the wing  2   a  passes by the tower  2   c , as described in the upper stage portion of each term inside parentheses of (Expression 2), the absolute values of the rotation angles δ, δ′, and δ″ of the respective wings  2   a  are each smaller than a value expressed by ((π/2)ε), and the values inside the parentheses become (1−cos(δ/ε)), (1−cos(δ′/ε)), and (1−cos(δ″/ε)). In contrast to this, in the time period other than the time period during which the wing  2   a  passes by the tower  2   c , as described in the lower stage portion in which “1 . . . otherwise” is described of each term inside parentheses of (Expression 2), the values inside the parentheses are each “1.” This is because when the wings  2   a  each pass by an end portion of the tower  2   c , the rotation angles δ, δ′, and δ″ of the respective wings  2   a  are each become (π/2)ε, and thus inside the parentheses, the values of cos(δ/ε), cos(δ′/ε) and cos(δ″/ε) each become 0 (that is, δ=δ′=δ″=(π/2)ε is satisfied and cos(δ/ε)=cos(δ′/ε)=cos(δ″/ε)=0 is satisfied). That is, in the time period other than the time period during which the wing  2   a  passes by the tower  2   c , no tower shadow effect appears. 
     Of the power generation amount of the wind power generation expressed by (Expression 2), the reduction amount of electric power reduced by the tower shadow effect can be calculated (estimated) by (Expression 3) below. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                       
                   
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     As expressed in (Expression 3), the tower shadow effect can be approximately obtained by the sum of three functions included in the right side. This is illustrated in  FIG. 8 . In (Expression 3) as well, in each term inside parentheses, the upper stage portion expresses the case of a time period during which the wing  2   a  passes by the tower  2   c  and the lower stage portion expresses the case of a time period other than the time period during which the wing  2   a  passes by the tower  2   c , similarly to (Expression 2). Incidentally, Expression (2) corresponds to the resultant obtained by subtracting the reduction in power generation amount caused by the tower shadow effect expressed by Expression (3) from the original power generation amount that is not affected by the tower shadow effect. 
     Next, there will be explained calculation operations (estimation processing) of the rotation angles δ, δ′, and δ″ of the windmill (the wings  2   a ) performed by the observer section  623 . 
     As described above, as long as the rotation angle δ of the single wing  2   a  is calculated (estimated), the rotation angles δ′ and δ″ of the other two wings  2   a  can be calculated easily in a manner that the rotation angles δ′ and δ″ are moved from the rotation angle δ by 120 degrees and 240 degrees. 
     In order to calculate (estimate) the rotation angle δ, the observer section  623 , as illustrated in  FIG. 9 , passes an electric power fluctuation signal having a cycle of, for example, 1 second or so mainly in the measured windmill electric power Pmessure through a band-pass filter or high-pass filter, to thereby generate the short-term fluctuation component. 
     Then, the observer section  623  counts a point fluctuating in the direction in which electric power reduces by the tower shadow effect by a peak counter by using the obtained short-term fluctuation component to obtain peak counter output pulses P1. 
     Then, the observer section  623  counts one pulse by a δ counter for every three pulses counted by the peak counter and obtains δ counter output pulses P2, to thereby extract the timing at which the wing  2   a  passes by the tower. 
     An occurrence instant of the δ counter output pulse P2 output by the δ counter corresponds to an instant when it passes by δ=0. 
     Then, the rotation angle δ, as expressed in (Expression 4) below, is calculated (estimated) by integrating an angular speed ω of the windmill derived from the windmill rotation speed Wr (a measurement value) from the instant when it passes by δ=0. 
     [Mathematical Expression 5]
 
δ=∫ t     0     t   ωdt   (Expression 4)
 
     The short-term fluctuating electric power extraction unit  626  includes: an envelope generation section  627 ; a short-term fluctuation component separation section  628 ; a control section  629 ; an inverter  630  (to be referred to as “INV  630 ” hereinafter); and so on. The short-term fluctuating electric power extraction unit  626  extracts electric power of the short-term fluctuation component from the windmill electric power Pmessure. 
     The envelope generation section  627  generates an envelope Sh connecting lower limit values (minimum values) of the windmill electric power Pmessure to fluctuate for a short term, based on the tower shadow effect electric power Psh output from the tower shadow effect observer  622  and the smoothed output Pwd output from the wind fluctuation follower  621 . 
     Concretely, the envelope generation section  627  obtains an electric power signal by adding the tower shadow effect electric power Psh to the original windmill electric power Pmessure. Then, the envelope generation section  627  subtracts amplitudes of the tower shadow effect electric power Psh from the obtained electric power signal, to thereby generate the envelope Sh. 
     That is, the envelope Sh is obtained by values obtained by subtracting half the amplitudes of the tower shadow effect electric power Psh from the smoothed output Pwd output from the wind fluctuation follower  621 . The wind power generated electric power larger than the envelope Sh calculated as above is short-term output fluctuations that should be smoothed. 
     The short-term fluctuation component separation section  628  separates the short-term fluctuation component from the windmill electric power Pmessure by using the envelope Sh generated by the envelope generation section  627 . 
     The INV  630  converts the short-term fluctuation component separated by the short-term fluctuation component separation section  628  into the heater driving electric power Ph to supply the converted heater driving electric power Ph to the heater  5 . Thereby, the heater  5  is driven and the heating medium F1 flowing through the heating medium circulation path  10  is heated. 
     The control section  629  controls drivings of the heater  5  and the INV  630 . 
     More concretely, the control section  629  detects the temperature of the heating medium F1 flowing through the pipe  8  of the solar heat collector  7  or the heating medium circulation path  10  by a thermometer (whose illustration is omitted). Then, the control section  629  stops the driving of the heater  5  by a heater control signal Hc when the temperature of the heating medium F1 exceeds a threshold value set beforehand. The control section  629  may also control the INV  630  to stop the driving when the temperature of the heating medium F1 exceeds the threshold value. Further, in order to limit the temperature of the heating medium F1 flowing through the heating medium circulation path  10  including the pipe  8 , the control section  629  may also perform control to drive the mirror driving unit (whose illustration is omitted) of the solar heat collector  7 , for example, to thereby move the focal point of the mirrors  8 . 
     Hereinafter, there will be explained an operation of this embodiment with reference to  FIG. 10  and  FIG. 11 . 
     In this embodiment, in the power generation control device  600 , the tower shadow effect observer  622  and the wind fluctuation follower  621  observe an operation state of the wind power generation apparatus  2 , and detect (acquire) various data generated by wind power generation (the windmill electric power Pmessure, the windmill rotation speed Wr, and the like) (Step S 101  in  FIG. 10 ). 
     The wind fluctuation follower  621  smoothes the acquired windmill electric power Pmessure to generate the smoothed electric power Pwd, and outputs it to the short-term fluctuating electric power extraction unit  626  and the tower shadow effect observer  622  (Step S 102 ). 
     In the tower shadow effect observer  622 , the observer section  623  acquires the windmill rotation speed Wr to output it to the tower shadow effect electric power calculation section  624 . 
     The tower shadow effect electric power calculation section  624  calculates the tower shadow effect electric power Psh by using the smoothed electric power Pwd input from the wind fluctuation follower  621 , the windmill rotation speed Wr from the observer section  623 , and the data in the memory  625  (the blade model, calculation expressions, and the like) (Step S 103 ), and outputs the tower shadow effect electric power Psh to the short-term fluctuating electric power extraction unit  626 . 
     In the short-term fluctuating electric power extraction unit  626 , the envelope generation section  627  generates, as illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the envelope Sh of the windmill electric power Pmessure from the smoothed electric power Pwd input from the wind fluctuation follower  621  and the tower shadow effect electric power Psh input from the tower shadow effect observer  622  (Step S 104 ) to output the envelope Sh to the short-term fluctuation component separation section  628 . 
     The short-term fluctuation component separation section  628  separates the short-term fluctuation component from the fluctuating windmill electric power Pmessure with the envelope Sh input from the envelope generation section  627  (Step S 105 ), and outputs the separated short-term fluctuation component to the INV  630 . 
     The INV  630  converts the short-term fluctuation component into the heater driving electric power Ph (Step S 106 ), and supplies the heater driving electric power Ph to the heater  5 . 
     As described above, according to this embodiment, in consideration of the tower shadow effect that the wing  2   a  of the wind power generation apparatus  2  approaches the tower  2   c  and the torque reduces, the short-term fluctuation component of the wind power generated electric power is calculated highly accurately. Then, the short-term fluctuation component is separated from the wind power generated electric power and is supplied to other power facilities (the heater  5  and the like). Thereby, it is possible to efficiently use the electric power obtained by the wind power generation. 
     Further, in this embodiment, the solar thermal power generation and the wind power generation are combined, and the high-frequency component of the wind power generated electric power that has been cut conventionally (a fast output fluctuation component for about several seconds or shorter of the wind power generation) is supplied to the solar thermal power generation apparatus. Therefore, it is possible to generate larger electric power and to achieve power generation efficiency improvement as the whole power generation system. 
     Further, the facilities such as the heater  5  do not deteriorate easily as compared to a storage battery and their initial cost and their maintenance cost are low, so that it is possible to achieve a cost reduction of the facilities rather than the case of using a storage battery. 
     As a result, it is possible to efficiently generate electric power at low cost without using a storage battery in the power generation by natural energy (renewable energy) such as the wind power generation and the solar thermal power generation. 
     Fourth Embodiment 
     [A] Overall Constitution 
       FIG. 12  is a conceptual diagram illustrating a concept of a power generation system according to a fourth embodiment. 
     A power generation system  1 , as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , includes: a wind power generation apparatus  2 ; a solar thermal power generation apparatus  3 ; an inverter  40 ; an output control device  50 ; and a control device  100 . Hereinafter, there will be sequentially explained respective units constituting the power generation system  1 . 
     [A-1] Wind Power Generation Apparatus  2   
     The wind power generation apparatus  2  includes: a propeller-type windmill; a rotor  21   a ; a power generator  21 ; and a power conditioner  22 , as illustrated in  FIG. 12 . 
     Of the wind power generation apparatus  2 , the rotor  21   a  includes: a hub  211 ; a plurality of blades  212  (wings); and a shaft  213 . The rotor  21   a  is that the plural blades  212  are installed around the hub  211  in a rotation direction at regular intervals. Then, one end of the shaft  213  is fixed to the hub  211 . The rotor  21   a  rotates about the shaft  213  as a rotation shaft. The rotor  21   a  is rotatably supported by a nacelle installed at an upper end portion of a tower, of which the illustration is omitted. The wind power generation apparatus  2  includes a propeller windmill. 
     Of the wind power generation apparatus  2 , the power generator  21  is coupled to the shaft  213  of the rotor  21   a  and is driven by rotation of the shaft  213  to perform power generation. 
     Of the wind power generation apparatus  2 , the power conditioner  22  is electrically connected to the power generator  21 . The power conditioner  22  converts a frequency of electric power output by the power generator  21  and outputs the electric power to a first power transmission line  200 . 
     Then, in the wind power generation apparatus  2 , data of electric power E1 (first electric power) output from the power generator  21  via the power conditioner  22  are detected by using a current transformer  23 , and the detected data are output to the control device  100  as a wind power generation output signal Sα. 
     Further, electric power E12 being part of the electric power E1 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  is output to the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  through the first power transmission line  200 , and electric power E11 being the rest is output to an electric power system (an alternating-current electric power system) from the first power transmission line  200  via a transformer  25  (trans.). 
     [A-2] Solar Thermal Power Generation Apparatus  3   
     The solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  is a parabolic trough system, for example, and includes: a heat collection unit  3 A; and a power generation unit  3 B as illustrated in  FIG. 12 . 
     Of the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3 , the heat collection unit  3 A, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , includes: a first pipe  131 ; curved mirrors  132 ; a heater  133 ; a heat exchanger  134 ; and a first pump  135 , and heats a heating medium F1 by collecting solar heat. 
     Concretely, in the heat collection unit  3 A, the heating medium F1 flows inside the first pipe  131 . The heating medium F1 is heated by heat collected by sunlight collected to the first pipe  131  by the curved mirrors  132 . Additionally, the heating medium F1 is further heated by the heater  133 . Thereafter, the heated heating medium F1 flows into the heat exchanger  134 . Then, the heating medium F1 is discharged from the first pump  135 . In this manner, the heating medium F1 circulates inside the first pipe  131 . 
     In the heat collection unit  3 A, an actuator to rotationally move the curved mirrors  132  is installed, of which the illustration is omitted. The actuator rotates the curved mirrors  132  according to a control signal (whose illustration is omitted) output from the control device  100 , and thereby a relative angle between a heat collecting surface of the curved mirrors  132  and the sun is changed. According to a control signal calculated based on the temperature of the heating medium F1, for example, the curved mirrors  132  are rotationally moved, and thereby the temperature of the heating medium F1 is controlled. 
     Of the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3 , the power generation unit  3 B, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , includes: a second pipe  301 ; a turbine  302 ; a power generator  303 ; a condenser  304 ; a cooling tower  305 ; a second pump  306 ; a third pump  307 ; and a steam valve  308 , and performs power generation by a working fluid F2 heat exchanged with the heating medium F1. 
     Concretely, in the power generation unit  3 B, the working fluid F2 flows inside the second pipe  301 . The working fluid F2 is heat exchanged with the heating medium F1 in the heat exchanger  134  and is heated. Then, the heated working fluid F2 flows into the inside of the turbine  302  via the steam valve  308 , and a turbine rotor (whose illustration is omitted) rotates. Then, by the rotation of the turbine rotor, the power generator  303  performs power generation. Then, electric power E2 (second electric power) is output to the electric power system via a second power transmission line  300  from the power generator  303 . Then, the working fluid F2 is discharged from the turbine  302 , and then is condensed in the condenser  304 . To the condenser  304 , a cooling medium cooled in the cooling tower  305  is supplied by the second pump  306 , and in the condenser  304 , the working fluid F2 is condensed by the cooling medium. Then, the condensed working fluid F2 is discharged from the third pump  307 , to thereby circulate inside the second pipe  301 . 
     The solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  performs power generation as described above, to thus need a time for several minutes or so between heat input and power generation. 
     [A-3] Inverter  40  and Output Control Device  50   
     The inverter  40  is a semiconductor converter, and operates based on a control signal output by the control device  100 . The output control device  50  controls the output of the power generation unit  3 B. 
     Concretely, the inverter  40  receives a first control signal S 10  from the control device  100 . The inverter  40  converts the frequency of the electric power E1 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  according to the first control signal S 10 , to thereby output the electric power E12 being part of the electric power E1 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  to the heater  133  from the first power transmission line  200 . 
     Further, the output control device  50  receives a second control signal S 20  from the control device  100 . The output control device  50  adjusts the output of the power generator  303  of the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  by the main steam valve  308  according to the second control signal S 20 . That is, the output control device  50  adjusts the opening degree of the main steam valve  308  based on the second control signal S 20 , to thereby adjust the amount of the electric power E2 output by the power generator  303 . The electric power E2 output by the power generator  303  of the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  is output to a transformer  321  through the second power transmission line  300 . 
     Then, this electric power E2 is output to the first power transmission line  200  via the transformer  321  to be combined with the electric power E11 obtained by subtracting the electric power E12 being part of the electric power E1 from the electric power E1 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2 . 
     [A-4] Control Device  100   
     The control device  100 , as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , receives the wind power generation output signal Sα from the current transformer  23  (a potential transformer). Then, the control device  100  outputs the first control signal S 10  to the inverter  40  based on the wind power generation output signal Sα. Additionally, the control device  100  outputs the second control signal S 20  to the output control device  50  based on the wind power generation output signal Sα. 
       FIG. 13  is a block diagram illustrating the control device and members to perform input and output of data with the control device in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the control device  100  includes: a high-pass filter  111 ; a first function unit  112  (a first control signal calculation unit); and a second function unit  120  (a second control signal calculation unit). 
     [A-4-1] High-Pass Filter  111   
     Of the control device  100 , the high-pass filter  111 , as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , receives the wind power generation output signal Sα from the current transformer  23 . Then, the high-pass filter  111  high-pass filters the wind power generation output signal Sα and extracts a high-frequency component signal S 1  contained in the wind power generation output signal Sα to output the high-frequency component signal S 1 . 
     Concretely, the high-pass filter  111 , as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , includes: a low-pass filter  111   a ; and an adder-subtracter  111   b . The low-pass filter  111   a  low-pass filters the wind power generation output signal Sα, to thereby calculate a low-frequency component signal S 1   a  contained in the wind power generation output signal Sα. Then, the adder-subtracter  111   b  performs processing of subtracting the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  from the wind power generation output signal Sα. In this manner, the high-pass filter  111  calculates the high-frequency component signal S 1 . The high-pass filter  111  preferably has a time constant smaller than 1 minute, similarly to the cases described in the above-described embodiments. 
     [A-4-2] First Function Unit  112   
     Of the control device  100 , to the first function unit  112 , as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the high-frequency component signal S 1  is input from the high-pass filter  111 . Then, the first function unit  112  performs processing of calculating the first control signal S 10  from the input high-frequency component signal S 1  by using a previously stored function, and outputs the first control signal S 10  to the inverter  40 . 
       FIG. 14  is a view illustrating the function to be used in the first function unit in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment. 
     In  FIG. 14 , the horizontal axis indicates a value of the high-frequency component signal S 1  to be input to the first function unit  112 . Then, the vertical axis indicates a value of the first control signal S 10  to be output from the first function unit  112 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 14 , the first function unit  112  increases the value of the first control signal S 10  to output in proportion to the absolute value of the high-frequency component signal S 1  when the value of the input high-frequency component signal S 1  is zero or more (positive) (in the case of S 1 ≧0, S 10 =S 1  is set, for example). On the other hand, when the value of the input high-frequency component signal S 1  is less than zero (negative), the first function unit  112  decreases the value of the first control signal S 10  to output to zero regardless of the value of the high-frequency component signal S 1  (in the case of S 1 &lt;0. S 10 =0·S 1  is set). 
     As above, in this embodiment, the first function unit  112  is a first control signal calculation unit, and extracts a positive component from the high-frequency component signal S 1 , to thereby calculate the first control signal S 10 . 
     Incidentally, it is also possible to calculate the first control signal S 10  by using a plurality of adder-subtracters to perform addition processing or subtraction processing on plural signals without using the first function unit  112 . 
     [A-4-3] Second Function Unit  120   
     Of the control device  100 , to the second function unit  120 , as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the high-frequency component signal S 1  is input from the high-pass filter  111 . Then, the second function unit  120  calculates the second control signal S 20  from the input high-frequency component signal S 1  by using a previously stored function, and outputs the second control signal S 20  to the output control device  50 . 
       FIG. 15  is a view illustrating the function to be used in the second function unit in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment. 
     In  FIG. 15 , the horizontal axis indicates a value of the high-frequency component signal S 1  to be input to the second function unit  120 . Then, the vertical axis indicates a value of the second control signal S 20  to be output from the second function unit  120 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 15 , when the value of the input high-frequency component signal S 1  is zero or more (positive), the second function unit  120  decreases the value of the second control signal S 20  to output to zero regardless of the value of the high-frequency component signal S 1  (in the case of S 1 ≧0, S 20 =0·S 1  is set, for example). On the other hand, when the value of the input high-frequency component signal S 1  is less than zero (negative), the second function unit  120  increases the value of the second control signal S 20  to output in proportion to the absolute value of the high-frequency component signal S 1  (in the case of S 1 &lt;0, S 20 =−S 1  is set, for example). 
     As above, in this embodiment, the second function unit  120  is a second control signal calculation unit, and extracts a negative component from the high-frequency component signal S 1 , to thereby calculate the second control signal S 20 . 
     Incidentally, in the second function unit  120 , it is also possible that the resultant obtained by further adding a fixed value as a bias to data extracting the negative component from the high-frequency component signal S 1  is output to the output control device  50  as the second control signal S 20  (that is, it is also possible that in the case of S 1 ≧0, S 20 =0·S 1 +b1 is set, for example, and in the case of S 1 &lt;0, S 20 =−S 1 +b1 (b1≧0 and in  FIG. 15 , b1=0) is set, for example). In this case, in the first function unit  112 , in the case of S 1 −b1&gt;0, S 10 =S 1 −b1 is set, and in the case of S 1 −b1&lt;0, S 10 =0 is set correspondingly. 
     Further, it is also possible to calculate the second control signal S 10  by using a plurality of adder-subtracters to perform addition processing or subtraction processing on plural signals without using the second function unit  120 . 
     The above-described control device  100  may also be constituted to have a program making a computer achieve functions of the above-described respective units. 
     [B] Operation 
       FIG. 16A ,  FIG. 16B ,  FIG. 16C ,  FIG. 17A , and  FIG. 17B  are views illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment. 
       FIG. 16A  illustrates the wind power generation output signal Sα,  FIG. 16B  illustrates the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  output by the low-pass filter  111   a  constituting the high-pass filter  111 , and  FIG. 16C  illustrates the high-frequency component signal S 1  output by the adder-subtracter  111   b  constituting the high-pass filter  111 . Further,  FIG. 17A  illustrates the first control signal S 10 , and  FIG. 17B  illustrates the second control signal S 20 . In each of the drawings, the horizontal axis indicates a time t, and the vertical axis indicates a data value P. 
     Hereinafter, there will be explained an operation of the control device  100  illustrated in  FIG. 13  in detail by using  FIG. 16A ,  FIG. 16B ,  FIG. 16C ,  FIG. 17A , and  FIG. 17B . 
     First, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , in the control device  100 , the wind power generation output signal Sα is input to the low-pass filter  111   a  constituting the high-pass filter  111 . With regard to the wind power generation output signal Sα, as illustrated in  FIG. 16A , the data value P greatly fluctuates according to the time t due to the cause of wind power fluctuations or the like. 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the low-pass filter  111   a  low-pass filters the wind power generation output signal Sα, to thereby calculate the low-frequency component signal S 1   a . The low-frequency component signal S 1   a , as illustrated in  FIG. 16B , corresponds to a low-frequency component contained in the wind power generation output signal Sα (see  FIG. 16A ). 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the adder-subtracter  111   b  calculates the high-frequency component signal S 1  from the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  output by the low-pass filter  111   a  and the wind power generation output signal Sα. As illustrated in  FIG. 16C , the high-frequency component signal S 1  is the resultant obtained by subtracting the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  (see  FIG. 16B ) from the wind power generation output signal Sα (see  FIG. 16A ) (S 1 =Sα−S 1   a ), and is a high-frequency component contained in the wind power generation output signal Sα. 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the first function unit  112  calculates the first control signal S 10  from the high-frequency component signal S 1  output by the high-pass filter  111 . As illustrated in  FIG. 17A , the first control signal S 10  corresponds to data of a positive component extracted from the high-frequency component signal S 1  (see  FIG. 16C ). 
     Additionally, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the second function unit  120  calculates the second control signal S 20  from the high-frequency component signal S 1  output by the high-pass filter  111 . As illustrated in  FIG. 17B , the second control signal S 20  corresponds to data in which a negative component is extracted from the high-frequency component signal S 1  (see  FIG. 16C ) and then the sign of data of the extracted negative component is inverted. In other words, the second control signal S 20  is a signal in which by subtracting the first control signal S 10  (see  FIG. 17A ) from the high-frequency component signal S 1  (see  FIG. 16C ), the negative component of the high-frequency component signal S 1  is extracted, and then the positive and negative of the negative component of the high-frequency component signal S 1  are inverted. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the first control signal S 10  calculated described above is output to the inverter  40 . At this time, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the inverter  40  outputs the electric power E12 being part of the electric power E1 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  to the heater  133  from the first power transmission line  200  according to a signal value of the first control signal S 10 . Then, the heater  133  generates heat by the output electric power E12 to heat the heating medium F1 flowing inside the first pipe  131 . 
     Concretely, as illustrated in  FIG. 17A , when the first control signal S 10  is in excess of zero, the electric power E12 being part of the electric power E1 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  is output to the heater  133 . On the other hand, when the first control signal S 10  is zero, the electric power E12 is not output to the heater  133 . 
     Further, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the second control signal S 20  calculated described above is output to the output control device  50 . At this time, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the output control device  50  adjusts the opening degree of the main steam valve  308  according to a signal value of the second control signal S 20  and adjusts the amount of the working fluid F2 to flow into the turbine  302 . Here, the opening degree of the main steam valve  308  is adjusted to increase as the signal value of the second control signal S 20  becomes larger. Thereby, the amount of the electric power E2 generated by the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  to be output to the second power transmission line  300  is adjusted. Then, the electric power E2 whose output is adjusted is output to the first power transmission line  200 . This electric power E2 is combined with the electric power E11 obtained by subtracting the electric power E12, being part of the electric power E1, output to the heater  133  from the electric power E1 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  to be output to an electric power system. 
     Concretely, as illustrated in  FIG. 17B , when the second control signal S 20  is in excess of zero, the output control device  50  adjusts the opening degree of the main steam valve  308  so that the opening degree of the main steam valve  308  may become larger than a predetermined reference value according to the signal value of the second control signal S 20 . On the other hand, when the second control signal S 20  is zero, the output control device  50  maintains the opening degree of the main steam valve  308  to a predetermined reference value. 
     Incidentally, when a signal obtained by adding a bias to the second control signal S 20  is output to the output control device  50 , according to a value of the bias, the electric power E2 is further supplied. 
       FIG. 18A ,  FIG. 18B , and  FIG. 18C  are views illustrating data on electric power to be output to the electric power system from the wind power generation apparatus in the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment. 
       FIG. 18A , similarly to  FIG. 16A , illustrates the wind power generation output signal Sα of the electric power E1 (see  FIG. 12 ).  FIG. 18B  illustrates a wind power generation output signal Sα 1  of the electric power E11 (E11=E1−E12) (see  FIG. 12 ).  FIG. 18C  illustrates a wind power generation output signal Sαt of electric power E3 (E3=E11+E2) (see  FIG. 12 ). In  FIG. 18A ,  FIG. 18B , and  FIG. 18C , the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  (see  FIG. 16B ) output by the low-pass filter  111   a  is illustrated in an overlapping manner. 
     Hereinafter, there will be explained in detail electric power to be output to the electric power system through the first power transmission line  200  from the wind power generation apparatus  2  in the power generation system  1  illustrated in  FIG. 12  by using  FIG. 18A .  FIG. 18B , and  FIG. 18C . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the data value P of the electric power E11 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  greatly fluctuates due to the cause of wind power fluctuations or the like as is the wind power generation output signal Sα illustrated in  FIG. 18A . 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , when the first control signal S 10  is output to the inverter  40  from the control device  100 , the electric power E12 being part of the electric power E1 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  is output to the heater  133  from the first power transmission line  200  via the inverter  40 . This electric power E12 corresponds to the absolute value of a positive component Sα(+) larger than the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  of the wind power generation output signal Sα (see  FIG. 18A ). 
     Therefore, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the electric power E11 obtained after the electric power E12 being part of the electric power E1 is output to the heater  133  is brought into a state where the positive component Sα(+), of the wind power generation output signal Sα (see  FIG. 18A ), larger than the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  is cut off, as is the wind power generation output signal Sα 1  illustrated in  FIG. 18B . That is, it is brought into a state where of the wind power generation output signal Sα, the portion of the positive component Sα(+) larger than the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  output by the low-pass filter  111   a  is smoothed. 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , when the second control signal S 20  is output to the output control device  50 , the opening degree of the main steam valve  308  is adjusted, and thereby adjustment of the electric power E2 is performed. Then, the adjusted electric power E2 is output to the first power transmission line  200  from the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  to be combined. This electric power E2 is brought into a form in which the absolute value of a negative component Sα(−), of the wind power generation output signal Sα (see  FIG. 18A ), smaller than the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  is added to the low-frequency component signal S 1   a.    
     Therefore, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the electric power E3 obtained by combination of the electric power E2 is brought into a state similar to that of the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  output by the low-pass filter  111   a  as is the wind power generation output signal Sαt illustrated in  FIG. 18C . That is, the electric power E3 is brought into a state where of the wind power generation output signal Sα (see  FIG. 18A ), the positive component Sα(+) larger than the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  is cut off and the negative component Sα(−) smaller than the low-frequency component signal S 1   a  is added. 
     As above, the electric power E3 to be finally output to the electric power system through the first power transmission line  200  from the wind power generation apparatus  2  is smoothed to be in a state with reduced fluctuations. 
     [C] Summary 
     As above, in the power generation system  1  in this embodiment, the electric power E1 (first electric power) generated by wind power in the wind power generation apparatus  2  is output to the first power transmission line  200 . Besides, in the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3 , the electric power E2 (second electric power) generated by the working fluid F2 heat exchanged with the heating medium F1 heated by solar heat and the heater  133  is output to the second power transmission line  300 . At this time, in this embodiment, the inverter  40  outputs the electric power E12 being part of the electric power E1 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  to the heater  133  according to the first control signal S 10 . Additionally, the output control device  50  adjusts the electric power E2 output by the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  according to the second control signal S 20  to output the electric power E2 to the first power transmission line  200  through the second power transmission line  300 . The control device  100 , based on the wind power generation output signal Sα obtained according to the electric power E1, outputs the first control signal S 10  to the inverter  40  and outputs the second control signal S 20  to the output control device  50 . Concretely, in the control device  100 , the high-pass filter  111  extracts the high-frequency component signal S 1  contained in the wind power generation output signal Sα. Then, the first function unit  112  (the first control signal calculation unit) extracts the positive component from the high-frequency component signal S 1 , to thereby calculate the first control signal S 10 . Then, the second function unit  120  (the second control signal calculation unit) extracts the negative component from the high-frequency component signal S 1 , to thereby calculate the second control signal S 20 . 
     As above, in this embodiment, with respect to the power generation output of the wind power generation apparatus  2 , fast fluctuations for several seconds or so or lower can be absorbed, and in the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3 , electric power can be output by slow power generation of several minutes or so. Therefore, as described above, in this embodiment, the electric power E3 to be finally output to the electric power system through the first power transmission line  200  from the wind power generation apparatus  2  can be smoothed (see  FIG. 18A ,  FIG. 18B , and  FIG. 18C , for example). 
     Consequently, in this embodiment, smoothing of power generation output is easy, and stabilization of electric power can be achieved easily. Further, in this embodiment, power generation is performed in the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3 , so that electric power larger than a cut portion of the electric power generated in the wind power generation apparatus  2  can be output. 
     Besides, in this embodiment, the high-pass filter  111  has the time constant τ smaller than 1 minute. Therefore, the stabilization of electric power can be further achieved. This reason is explained by using the drawing. 
     As is clear from  FIG. 4  described above, when the time constant τ of the high-pass filter  111  (the fluctuation time period) is 1 minute or so, generated electric power with the time constant τ (the fluctuation time period) of 1 minute or longer is adjustable in thermal power generation. Therefore, together with the present control, demand control is enabled in the whole region and good electric power quality can be achieved. 
     Fifth Embodiment 
     [A] Constitution 
       FIG. 19  is a block diagram illustrating a control device and members to perform input and output of data with the control device in a power generation system according to a fifth embodiment, 
     With respect to this embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 19 , part of the constitution of a control device  100  is different from the case of the fourth embodiment (see  FIG. 13 ). Further, this embodiment is similar to the above-described embodiments except for these points and related points. Therefore, in this embodiment, descriptions of portions overlapping the above-described embodiments are omitted as necessary. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 19 , to the control device  100 , the wind power generation output signal Sα is input from the current transformer  23  (the potential transformer), similarly to the fourth embodiment. Besides, to the control device  100 , a solar thermal power generation output signal Sβ is input from a current transformer  313 , unlike the fourth embodiment. The solar thermal power generation output signal Sβ is not illustrated in  FIG. 12 , but is data on the electric power E2 (see  FIG. 12 ) output from the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3 . 
     Then, the control device  100  outputs the first control signal S 10  to the inverter  40  based on the input wind power generation output signal Sα and solar thermal power generation output signal Sβ. Additionally, the control device  100  outputs the second control signal S 20  to the output control device  50  based on the input wind power generation output signal Sα and solar thermal power generation output signal Sβ. 
     Further, in this embodiment, the control device  100 , in addition to the high-pass filter  111 , the first function unit  112 , and the second function unit  120 , includes: an envelope estimation unit  112   b ; a first adder-subtracter  113   b ; and a second adder-subtracter  114   b , unlike the fourth embodiment. 
     Of the control device  100 , the envelope estimation unit  112   b  receives the high-frequency component signal S 1  from the high-pass filter  111 . Then, the envelope estimation unit  112   b  performs processing of estimating, of an envelope of the high-frequency component signal S 1 , the envelope on the minimum value side, to thereby calculate an envelope signal S 2   b . The envelope estimation unit  112   b  detects plural minimum values of the high-frequency component signal S 1  and performs fitting processing by using data of the plural minimum values, to thereby calculate the envelope signal S 2   b . For example, the envelope estimation unit  112   b  connects a first minimum value detected immediately and a second minimum value detected immediately before the detection of the first minimum value by a straight line to be extrapolated, to thereby calculate the envelope signal S 2   b.    
     Of the control device  100 , the first adder-subtracter  113   b  receives the high-frequency component signal S 1  from the high-pass filter  111  and receives the envelope signal S 2   b  from the envelope estimation unit  112   b . Then, the first adder-subtracter  113   b  performs processing of subtracting the envelope signal S 2   b  from the high-frequency component signal S 1 , to thereby calculate a first adder-subtracter output signal S 3   b.    
     Of the control device  100 , the second adder-subtracter  114   b  receives the first adder-subtracter output signal S 3   b  and receives the solar thermal power generation output signal Sβ from the current transformer  313 . Then, the second adder-subtracter  114   b  performs processing of subtracting the solar thermal power generation output signal Sβ from the first adder-subtracter output signal S 3   b , to thereby calculate a second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b . Then, the second adder-subtracter  114   b  outputs the calculated second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b  to the first function unit  112  and the second function unit  120 . 
     Then, the first function unit  112 , similarly to the case of the fourth embodiment, performs processing of calculating the first control signal S 10  from the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b  by using the function illustrated in  FIG. 14 . Then, the first function unit  112  outputs the first control signal S 10  to the inverter  40 , as illustrated in  FIG. 19 . 
     On the other hand, the second function unit  120 , similarly to the case of the fourth embodiment, performs processing of calculating the second control signal S 20  from the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b  by using the function illustrated in  FIG. 15 . Then, the second function unit  120  outputs the second control signal S 20  to the output control device  50 , as illustrated in  FIG. 19 . 
     [B] Operation 
       FIG. 20A ,  FIG. 20B ,  FIG. 20C ,  FIG. 20D ,  FIG. 21A , and  FIG. 21B  are views illustrating data to be used in the control device in the power generation system according to the fifth embodiment. 
       FIG. 20A  illustrates the envelope signal S 2   b ,  FIG. 20B  illustrates the first adder-subtracter output signal S 3   b ,  FIG. 20C  illustrates the solar thermal power generation output signal Sβ, and  FIG. 20D  illustrates the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b . Further,  FIG. 21A  illustrates the first control signal S 10 , and  FIG. 21B  illustrates the second control signal S 20 . In each of the drawings, the horizontal axis indicates the time t and the vertical axis indicates the data value P. 
     Hereinafter, there will explained an operation of the control device  100  illustrated in  FIG. 19  in detail with reference to  FIG. 20A ,  FIG. 20B ,  FIG. 20C ,  FIG. 20D ,  FIG. 21A , and  FIG. 21B . 
     First, as illustrated in  FIG. 19 , in the control device  100 , similarly to the case of the fourth embodiment, the wind power generation output signal Sα (see  FIG. 16A ) is input to the high-pass filter  111 . Then, the high-pass filter  111  high-pass filters the input wind power generation output signal Sα, to thereby calculate the high-frequency component signal S 1  (see  FIG. 16C ), and then outputs the high-frequency component signal S 1  to the envelope estimation unit  112   b.    
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 19 , the envelope estimation unit  112   b  calculates the envelope signal S 2   b  from the high-frequency component signal S 1  output by the high-pass filter  111 . As illustrated in  FIG. 20A , the envelope signal S 2   b  corresponds to data of the envelope on the minimum value side of the envelope of the high-frequency component signal S 1  (see  FIG. 16C ). 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 19 , the first adder-subtracter  113   b  calculates the first adder-subtracter output signal S 3   b  from the envelope signal S 2   b  and the high-frequency component signal S 1 . As illustrated in  FIG. 20B , the first adder-subtracter output signal S 3   b  corresponds to data obtained by subtracting the envelope signal S 2   b  from the high-frequency component signal S 1  (S 3   b =S 1 −S 2   b ). 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 19 , the second adder-subtracter  114   b  calculates the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b  from the first adder-subtracter output signal S 3   b  and the solar thermal power generation output signal Sβ. As illustrated in  FIG. 20C  and  FIG. 20D , the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b  corresponds to data obtained by subtracting the solar thermal power generation output signal sβ from the first adder-subtracter output signal S 3   b.    
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 19 , the first function unit  112  calculates the first control signal S 10  from the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b . As illustrated in  FIG. 21A , the first control signal S 10  corresponds to data of a positive component extracted from the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b  (see  FIG. 20D ). 
     Additionally, as illustrated in  FIG. 19 , the second function unit  120  calculates the second control signal S 20  from the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b . As illustrated in  FIG. 21B , the second control signal S 20  corresponds to data in which a negative component is extracted from the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b  (see  FIG. 20D ) and then the sign of data of the extracted negative component is inverted. In other words, the second control signal S 20  is a signal in which by subtracting the first control signal S 10  (see  FIG. 21A ) from the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b  (see  FIG. 20D ), the negative component of the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b  is extracted, and then the positive and negative of the negative component of the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b  are inverted. 
     Thereafter, as illustrated in  FIG. 19 , the first control signal S 10  calculated described above is output to the inverter  40 . At this time, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the inverter  40 , similarly to the case of the fourth embodiment, outputs the electric power E12 being part of the electric power E1 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  to the heater  133  from the first power transmission line  200  according to the first control signal S 10 . Then, the heater  133  heats the heating medium F1 flowing inside the first pipe  131  by the output electric power E12. 
     Further, as illustrated in  FIG. 19 , the second control signal S 20  calculated described above is output to the output control device  50 . At this time, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the output control device  50 , similarly to the case of the fourth embodiment, adjusts the electric power E2 output by the solar thermal power generation apparatus  3  according to the second control signal S 20  and outputs the electric power E2 to the first power transmission line  200  through the second power transmission line  300 . The electric power E2 is combined with the electric power E11 obtained by subtracting the electric power E12, being part of the electric power E1, output to the heater  133  from the electric power E1 output by the wind power generation apparatus  2  to be output to the electric power system. 
     Therefore, in this embodiment, similarly to the case of the fourth embodiment, the electric power E3 to be finally output to the electric power system from the wind power generation apparatus  2  is smoothed to be in a state with reduced fluctuations. 
     [C] Summary 
     As above, in this embodiment, the control device  100 , based on the wind power generation output signal Sec obtained according to the electric power E1 and further the solar thermal power generation output signal Sβ obtained according to the electric power E2, outputs the first control signal S 10  to the inverter  40  and outputs the second control signal S 20  to the output control device  50 . Concretely, in the control device  100 , the envelope estimation unit  112   b  performs processing of estimating the envelope on the minimum value side of the envelope of the high-frequency component signal S 1 , to thereby calculate the envelope signal S 2   b . Then, the first adder-subtracter  113   b  performs processing of subtracting the envelope signal S 2   b  from the high-frequency component signal S 1 , to thereby calculate the first adder-subtracter output signal S 3   b . Then, the second adder-subtracter  114   b  performs processing of subtracting the solar thermal power generation output signal Sβ from the first adder-subtracter output signal S 3   b , to thereby calculate the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b . Thereafter, the first function unit  112  (the first control signal calculation unit) extracts the positive component from the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b , to thereby calculate the first control signal S 10 . Additionally, the second function unit  120  (the second control signal calculation unit) extracts the negative component from the second adder-subtracter output signal S 4   b , to thereby calculate the second control signal S 20 . 
     Therefore, in this embodiment, similarly to the case of the fourth embodiment, the electric power E3 to be finally output to the electric power system through the first power transmission line  200  from the wind power generation apparatus  2  can be smoothed. 
     Consequently, in this embodiment, smoothing of power generation output is easy, and stabilization of electric power can be achieved easily. 
     Further, in this embodiment, the envelope estimation unit  112   b  connects, of the high-frequency component signal S 1 , the first minimum value detected immediately and the second minimum value detected immediately before the detection of the first minimum value by a straight line to be extrapolated, to thereby calculate the envelope signal S 2   b . In this case, electric power of the wind power generation that is converted into heat by the heater  133  reduces. When the electric power is converted into heat, only the part multiplied by power generation efficiency of the solar thermal power generation returns to electric power, so that the efficiency becomes 20 to 30% or so generally. Thus, 70 to 80% or so of the electric power results in a loss. Thus, when the electric power to be converted into heat by the heater  133  reduces, the entire loss reduces to be quite preferable. 
     In the foregoing, while certain embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel methods described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modification examples as would fall within the scope and sprit of the inventions. 
     Further, the respective components described in the above-described embodiments may also be fabricated by programs installed into a storage such as a hard disk device of a computer, and further it is also possible that the above-described programs are stored in computer readable electronic media, and the programs are read by a computer from the electronic media, and thereby the computer achieves the functions of the present invention. As the electronic media, for example, a recording medium such as CD-ROM, a flash memory, removable media, and the like are included. Further, the functions of the present invention may also be achieved in a manner that the components are dispersively stored in a different computer connected via a network and communication is performed with the computer in which the respective components are made to function.