Patent Publication Number: US-2023133491-A1

Title: Non-invasive physiological sensor cover

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/804,219, filed May 26, 2022, titled “NON-INVASIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR COVER,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/789,145, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,369,293, filed Feb. 12, 2020, titled “NON-INVASIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR COVER,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/968,393, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,588,556, filed May 1, 2018, titled “NON-INVASIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR COVER,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/046,954, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,980,667, filed Feb. 18, 2016, titled “NON-INVASIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR COVER,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/512,945, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,295,421, filed Oct. 13, 2014, titled “NON-INVASIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR COVER,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/919,692, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,886,271, filed Jun. 17, 2013, titled “NON-INVASIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR COVER,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/844,720, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,473,020, filed Jul. 27, 2010, titled “NON-INVASIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR COVER,” which claims priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/229682, filed Jul. 29, 2009, titled “Non-invasive Physiological Sensor Cover.” All of the above referenced applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The present invention relates to a sensor for measuring oxygen content in the blood, and, in particular, relates to an apparatus and method for preventing sensor activity when the sensor is not in use. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Non-invasive physiological sensors are applied to the body for monitoring or making measurements indicative of a patient&#39;s health. One application for a non-invasive physiological sensor is pulse oximetry, which provides a noninvasive procedure for measuring the oxygen status of circulating blood. Oximetry has gained rapid acceptance in a wide variety of medical applications, including surgical wards, intensive care and neonatal units, general wards, and home care and physical training. A pulse oximetry system generally includes a patient monitor, a communications medium such as a cable, and a physiological sensor having light emitters and a detector, such as one or more LEDs and a photodetector. The sensor is attached to a tissue site, such as a finger, toe, ear lobe, nose, hand, foot, or other site having pulsatile blood flow which can be penetrated by light from the emitters. The detector is responsive to the emitted light after attenuation by pulsatile blood flowing in the tissue site. The detector outputs a detector signal to the monitor over the communication medium, which processes the signal to provide a numerical readout of physiological parameters such as oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate. 
     High fidelity pulse oximeters capable of reading through motion induced noise are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,770,028, 6,658,276, 6,157,850, 6,002,952 5,769,785, and 5,758,644, which are assigned to Masimo Corporation (“Masimo”) and are incorporated by reference herein. Advanced physiological monitoring systems may incorporate pulse oximetry in addition to advanced features for the calculation and display of other blood parameters, such as carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), methemoglobin (HbMet) and total hemoglobin (Hbt), total Hematocrit (Hct), oxygen concentrations and glucose concentrations, as a few examples. Advanced physiological monitors and corresponding multiple wavelength optical sensors capable of measuring parameters in addition to SpO 2 , such as HbCO, HbMet and Hbt are described in at least U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,013, filed Mar. 1, 2006, titled  Multiple Wavelength Sensor Emitters  and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/366,208, filed Mar. 1, 2006, titled  Noninvasive Multi - Parameter Patient Monitor , assigned to Masimo Laboratories, Inc. and incorporated by reference herein. Further, noninvasive blood parameter monitors and optical sensors including Rainbow™ adhesive and reusable sensors and RAD57™ and Radical-7™ monitors capable of measuring SpO 2 , pulse rate, perfusion index (PI), signal quality (SiQ), pulse variability index (PVI), HbCO and HbMet, among other parameters, are also commercially available from Masimo. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Optical sensors are widely used across clinical settings, such as operating rooms, emergency rooms, post anesthesia care units, critical care units, outpatient surgery and physiological labs, to name a few. In some situations, such as in operating rooms, emergency rooms or critical care units, sensors can be kept attached to monitors to reduce the setup time needed to begin monitoring a patient. While attached, the sensor can generate false readings by detecting ambient light even though the sensor is not in use. The sensor can also cause the monitor to emit alarms or otherwise make noise due to false readings, which can be distracting to medical personnel. 
     As such, a method and apparatus for preventing false readings are desirable. A sensor cover, according to embodiments of the disclosure, prevents or reduces false readings until the sensor is in use. 
     Further, in certain embodiments, the sensor cover can prevent damage to the sensor. For example, the sensors cover can protect the emitters and the detector during shipment or prior to use. In certain embodiments, a sensor cover decreases the likelihood of contamination by keeping covered portions of the sensor clean. Sensors in hospitals and other clinical environments are subject to exposure to infectious agents, dust or other foreign matter from depositing on the emitters or detector. The sensor cover can reduce or prevent exposure to these contaminants. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a sensor cover attached to a sensor of a physiological measurement system according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIGS.  2 A- 2 C  are top cover-attached, top cover-detached, and bottom cover-attached perspective views, respectively, of the sensor cover and sensor of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  2 D  illustrates a first and second sensor covers over the emitters and detector according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  3 A  illustrates a non-protruding sensor cover according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  3 B  illustrates a non-protruding sensor cover having an opaque border and a removable opaque center according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  3 C  illustrates a sensor cover having a clear “window” according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  3 D  illustrates a sensor cover integrated with an adhesive cover according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  3 E  illustrates a sensor cover covering an adhesive sensor according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIGS.  4 A- 4 B  are a top view and a close up view, respectively, of an integrated sensor cover according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  4 C  illustrates the sensor cover of  FIGS.  4 A- 4 B  covering a sensor component; 
         FIG.  5 A  is a front view a sensor cover attachable to a reusable sensor according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  5 B  illustrates the mating of the sensor cover of  FIG.  5 A  with a sensor; 
         FIG.  6    illustrates a sensor cover attachable to a sensor via one or more tabs according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  7    illustrates a sensor cover configured to block both the emitters and the detector according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  8    illustrates a sensor cover attachable to a sensor via an attachment arm according to an embodiment of the disclosure; and 
         FIGS.  9 A- 9 D  illustrates embodiments of the sensor covers configured for attachment to a bioacoustic sensor, according to embodiments of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     A sensor cover according to embodiments of the disclosure is capable of being used with a non-invasive physiological sensor. Certain embodiments of the sensor cover reduce or eliminate false readings from the sensor when the sensor is not in use. Further, embodiments of the sensor cover can prevent damage to the sensor. Additionally, embodiments of the sensor cover prevent contamination of the sensor. 
     The tissue site of the illustrated embodiments is a finger and the following description therefore refers specifically to the tissue site as a finger for the purposes of clarity. This is not intended to be limiting and, as described herein, the sensor cover of certain embodiments can be used with sensors attachable to other types of tissue sites, such as a toe, ear lobe, nose, hand, foot, forehead or the like. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates an embodiment of a sensor cover attached to a physiological measurement system  100  having a monitor  110  and an optical sensor  120 . The optical sensor  120  comprises one or more light emitters and a detector. The optical sensor  120  is configured to plug into a monitor sensor port  112  via a patient cable  130 . Monitor keys  114  provide control over operating modes and alarms, to name a few. A display  116  provides readouts of measured parameters, such as oxygen saturation, pulse rate, HbCO, HbMet and Hbt to name a few. Other blood parameters that can be measured to provide important clinical information are fractional oxygen saturation, bilirubin and blood glucose, to name a few. 
     In the illustrated embodiment of  FIG.  1   , the sensor cover  140  protrudes outside the sensor. The cover can be made from an opaque material, such as, for example, plastic, polyester, polypropylene, rubber, vinyl, cling vinyl and/or the like. The sensor cover  140  can obstruct the detector and prevent the detector from detecting light, thereby reducing or eliminating false readings. For example, the sensor  120  can sometimes be left attached to a monitor  110  to facilitate quick monitoring of a patient, even when not currently in use. The opaque cover  140  can prevent or reduce false readings caused by the emitters or the ambient light, even if the sensor is active, by preventing the sensor from receiving light. In an embodiment, the opaque material can block all wavelengths of light used by a particular sensor. Other embodiments can block different ranges of wavelengths depending on the type of sensor the cover is used for. In an embodiment, the sensor cover  140  is placed over the emitters to prevent the sensor from emitting light receivable by the detector. In an embodiment, both the detector and emitter are covered. 
     In some embodiments, the sensor cover  140  can be removed before placement at a measurement site. For example, once a patient arrives, medical personnel can remove the sensor cover  140  and attach the now fully operational sensor  120  to the patient. In some embodiments, the medical personnel can attach the sensor  120  with the cover  140  still in place. The opaque cover prevents measurements from being taken until the sensor  120  is generally secure and the medical personnel are ready to take measurements. For example, movement can generate artifacts for some sensors; therefore waiting until the patient is stable can reduce measurement of inaccurate data. Once the sensor  120  is generally secured to an attachment site, the cover  140  can be removed from the sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor cover  140  can be removed before and/or after placement at a measurement site. The sensor cover  140  can be removed by peeling it off from the sensor or by pulling on the protruding portion. 
     As will be appreciated by skilled artisans from the disclosure provided herein, various attachment mechanisms can be used. For example, the sensor cover can be attached with an adhesive. In certain embodiments, a restorable adhesive can be used to facilitate reattachments of the sensor cover. The restorable adhesive layer can be rejuvenated by application of alcohol to the adhesive. The cover can then be reattached to the sensor. This can be useful where the sensor is moved to a new location or tissue site because the cover can prevent the sensor from taking false readings while the sensor is moved. In some embodiments, no adhesive is used on the sensor cover to leave no residue. In some embodiments, the sensor cover can be made from static cling vinyl, plastic film, or other “clingy” material with no adhesive used. In some embodiments, the sensor cover can be attached through static electricity allowing the cover to cling to the sensor without any adhesive and/or allowing the sensor cover to be reapplied. In other configurations, the sensor cover can be attached with Velcro, fasteners, tabs, clips, slots, or the like. 
     As will also be appreciated by skilled artisans from the disclosure provided herein, the sensor cover can be detached in various ways. In some embodiments, the sensor cover can be peeled off from the sensor before the sensor is placed at a measurement site. In some embodiments, the sensor can be pulled off from the sensor after placement by pulling on a protruding portion. Depending on the attachment mechanism, the detachment of the sensor cover can expose an adhesive layer or can leave no adhesive residue on the sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor cover can be unclipped or unhooked. 
     In certain embodiments, the sensor covers are reusable. For example, the sensor cover can be reused if the sensor is temporarily removed for repositioning or for cleaning. The sensor cover can also be replaced on the sensor when the sensor is no longer in use. In some embodiments, the sensor covers are disposable and are disposed of once removed from the sensor. 
     Although disclosed with reference to the sensor of  FIG.  1   , an artisan will recognize from the disclosure herein a wide variety of oximeter sensors, optical sensors, noninvasive sensors, medical sensors, or the like that may benefit from the sensor cover disclosed herein. In various embodiments, the sensor can be adapted to receive a tissue site other than a finger such as a, toe, ear lobe, nose, hand, foot, neck, or other site having pulsatile blood flow which can be penetrated by light from the emitter. In addition, the sensor cover  140  can be used with a portable monitor and associated sensor components in certain embodiments. Such monitors, including the sensor components, can be integrated into a hand-held device such as a PDA and typically do not include cables or separate monitors. Portable monitors are often used by first responders in emergency situations, in part because of their portability and ease of use. As such, sensor covers  140  which can protect the sensor components according to embodiments herein can be of particular benefit when used with spot-check monitors. 
       FIGS.  2 A- 2 C  are top cover-attached, top cover-detached, and bottom cover-attached perspective views, respectively, of the sensor cover and sensor of  FIG.  1   .  FIG.  2 D  illustrates a first  140  and second  240  sensor covers placed over the detector  210  and emitters  230 , respectively.  FIG.  2 A  illustrates a view of a side of the sensor placed in contact with a tissue site. In  FIG.  2 A , the sensor cover  140  attaches to the sensor  120  and covers the detector  210 , with a protruding portion  220  extending past the sensor. The sensor cover  140  can be a generally elongated shape made of an opaque material. In an embodiment, one side of the sensor cover can include an adhesive layer over the portion of the cover designed to block the detector  210  while the remainder of the cover can be adhesive free. Thus, the cover  140  does not catch on other objects and cause the cover  140  to be prematurely removed. The cover  140  can be removed by pulling on the protruding portion  220  either before or after the sensor  120  has been placed onto a measurement site.  FIG.  2 B  illustrates the sensor  120  with the sensor cover  140  removed.  FIG.  2 C  illustrates a view of an opposite side of the sensor of  FIG.  2 A . 
       FIG.  3 A  illustrates a non-protruding sensor cover  310  according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The opaque sensor cover  310  fits within the sensor  120  and blocks a sensor component  210 , such as the emitters or the detector. By staying within the sensor edges, the chance of accidental removal of the cover can be reduced. When the sensor  120  is ready for use, the sensor cover  310  can be removed. 
       FIG.  3 B  illustrates a non-protruding sensor cover having an opaque border  314  and a removable opaque center  312 . The opaque center  312  can be removed separately from the opaque border  314 , leaving an opaque material surrounding the sensor component  210 . When the sensor is attached to the patient, the opaque border  314  can minimize light piping, thereby increasing accuracy of the readings. For example, the opaque border  314  can prevent reflected or scattered light that has not passed through tissue from entering into the detector and/or prevent the detector from picking up light from the emitters that fall around instead of on the detector. In an embodiment, the sensor cover can have adhesive on one both sides. Adhesive on both sides of the sensor cover allows the cover to stick to a patient, further preventing light piping or movement of the sensor. In an embodiment the sensor cover can have a clear window section in addition to or instead of a removable center  312 . 
       FIG.  3 C  illustrates a sensor cover  316  having a clear “window”  317  over the sensor component. In an embodiment, the sensor cover can be used to protect the sensor component, provide a new adhesive layer, and/or reduce light piping while allowing the light through the “window.” By using a clear window, the sensor cover does not have to be removed when sensor is attached to the patient. In some embodiments, a removable opaque portion can be placed over the window. 
       FIG.  3 D  illustrates a sensor cover integrated with an opaque adhesive cover  320  for the sensor. An adhesive sensor generally has one or more adhesive covers  320  covering one or more adhesive portions  330  of the sensor. In  FIG.  3 D , the opaque adhesive cover  320  is extended to cover the sensor component  210 . The adhesive cover  320  can be peeled off to reveal the adhesive layer  330  and uncover the sensor component  210 . 
       FIG.  3 E  illustrates a sensor cover  340  covering an adhesive sensor. In  FIG.  3 E , the opaque sensor cover  340  has adhesive material on both sides of the sensor cover in order to allow reattachment of a sensor where the original adhesive material  330  has lost its adhesiveness. The sensor cover  340  can be placed on the sensor using a first adhesive layer  350  while the sensor is detached from a patient. An adhesive cover (not shown) protects a second adhesive layer  360  and can be removed before the sensor is placed on the patient. The second adhesive layer allows the sensor to be reattached to the patient. The sensor cover can cover both the detector and emitters of the sensor. The sensor cover  322  can have removable or clear sections  370 ,  380  over the detector and/or emitters to allow light to pass through. 
       FIGS.  4 A- 4 B  are a top view and a close up view, respectively, of an integrated sensor cover according to an embodiment of the disclosure.  FIG.  4 A  illustrates an embodiment of the sensor cover where the sensor cover  410  is integrated with the sensor  400 . The sensor has a slot  420  positioned near an emitter or a detector. The slot allows an arm  410 ,  430  to be folded over a sensor component  435 , which can be the emitters or the detector, thereby covering it. In certain embodiments, the sensor  400  is an adhesive sensor. The use of a slot allows an adhesive arm  410  to be used as a sensor cover without having to remove the arm&#39;s adhesive cover. Once a patient is available, the adhesive arm  410  can be removed from the slot, the adhesive cover can be removed, and the adhesive arms  410 ,  430  used to secure the adhesive sensor to the patient.  FIG.  4 B  illustrates a close up view of the slot  420  and sensor cover  410  of  FIG.  4 A .  FIG.  4 C  illustrates the sensor cover  410  folded over the sensor component  435  with the end of the sensor cover inserted into the slot. A portion of the sensor cover extends into the slot and to the back side of the sensor. The slot keeps the sensor cover  410  generally secure against the sensor component  435 . 
       FIG.  5 A  is a front view a sensor cover  510  attachable to a reusable sensor according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The sensor cover  510  includes a recess  515  into which a sensor housing can be inserted. The sensor housing generally fits closely in the recess  515 . Friction between the inner surfaces of the sensor cover  510  and the sensor housing generally secures the housing with the sensor cover  510 .  FIG.  5 B  illustrates the mating of the sensor cover  510  of  FIG.  5 A  with a sensor  520 . In the illustrated embodiment, the sensor  520  is a reusable clip-style sensor. The sensor cover  510  fits over a lower sensor housing  525 . The sensor housings  525 ,  545  can contain sensor components  530 ,  540 , such as the emitters or the detector. In certain embodiments, the sensor component  530  is a detector and the sensor cover  510  prevents the detector from receiving light. The sensor cover  510  can be removed when the sensor  520  is in use and reattached once the sensor  520  is not in use. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates a sensor cover  610  attachable to a sensor  520  via one or more tabs or attachment arms  620  according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The tabs  620  fit over the sides of an upper housing  545  of the sensor and generally secure the sensor cover  610  against the upper housing  545 . The sensor cover  610  covers the sensor component, such as the emitters or the detector, located in the upper housing  545 . 
       FIG.  7    illustrates an embodiment of the sensor cover  700  configured to block both the emitters and the detector. An upper arm  710  secures against an upper housing of a sensor. A lower arm  720  secures against a lower housing of a sensor. The upper  710  and lower  720  arms are connected by a hinge portion  725 . The arms  710 ,  720  can be attached via a press fit. The lower arm  720  can also include an attachment arm  730  to better secure the sensor cover  700  against the lower housing of the sensor. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates an embodiment of the sensor cover  800  attachable to a sensor housing via an attachment arm  810 . The attachment arm  810  is configured to secure the sensor cover  800  in place when applied to the sensor. Upon application to a sensor, the front portion of the sensor housing may occupy the space defined by the attachment arm  810  and the underside of the lower portion  805  of the sensor cover  800 . The attachment arm  810  helps to releasably secure the sensor, via a friction fit, for example. One or more other features, such as the lip  815  disposed on the side of the sensor cover proximal to the sensor can be included to further secure the sensor cover  800  in the sensor. Upon insertion of the sensor cover  800  into the sensor, the sides of the sensor housing abut the lip  815 . Accordingly, the lip  815  can help ensure that the sensor cover  800  is positioned appropriately deep within the sensor. 
     Although the above embodiments have been described with respect to an opaque material intended to optically insulate the optical sensor, as will be appreciated by skilled artisans from the disclosure provided herein, sensor covers made of different insulative materials can be used as appropriate for different types of sensors. For example, sonically insulative materials, such as foam, rubber, cotton, and/or other sound deadening materials can be used to cover sensors that employ sound, such as a bioacoustic or ultrasound sensor. In some embodiments, electrically insulative materials, such as rubber, polyethylene, silicone and/or other insulators can be used to cover sensors that employ electrical signals, such as bioimpedance sensors. In some embodiments, mechanically insulative materials, such as hard plastic, metal, rubber, silicone, and/or other rigid or dampening materials can be used to cover mechanical sensors to prevent sensor actuation. In some embodiments, chemically insulative material, such as plastic, metal, polyethylene or the like can be used to cover chemical sensors and prevent their exposure to the environment. 
       FIGS.  9 A- 9 D  illustrate embodiments of sensor covers for a bioacoustic sensor.  FIG.  9 A  illustrates one embodiment of a bioacoustic sensor. The bioacoustic sensor  900  is configured for placement against a patient&#39;s skin. The contact surface  903  of the sensor  900  is placed against the skin. The bioacoustic sensor picks up sound waves from the patient&#39;s body and converts them into electrical signals for transmission to a monitoring device. In one embodiment, the bioacoustic sensor can use a piezoelectric transducer as the sensing element to detect sound waves. In  FIG.  9 A  a sensor cover  905  made of a sound-deadening material, such as foam, rubber, and/or cotton, is attached to the contact surface to prevent sound waves from being detected by the bioacoustic sensor  900 . The sound-deadening material can be attached by adhesive, tabs, clips, friction fit, and/or other connection mechanism. In  FIG.  9 A , the bioacoustic sensor has a bump  910  on the contact surface  903  positioned to apply pressure to the sensing element so as to bias the sensing element in tension and improve the receptivity of the sensing element to sound waves. Where such a bump  910  exists on the contact surface  903  of the sensor, embodiments of sensor cover  905  can be provided with a corresponding recess. 
       FIG.  9 B  illustrates an embodiment of the sensor cover  920  made of shaped sound-deadening material to increase the surface area available to absorb sound. In one embodiment, a plurality of wedge shaped protrusions  925  is formed on the surface of the sensor cover  920 . In other embodiments, different shaped protrusions can be used, such as waveform, pyramid, egg crate, and/or other shapes to increase the surface area. 
       FIG.  9 C  illustrates a bioacoustic sensor cover having one or more attachment arms according to an embodiment of the disclosure. An attachment arm  935  is configured to releasably secure the sensor cover  930  when applied to the sensor via a friction fit, for example. A second attachment arm  936  can be provided to further secure the sensor cover  930  to the sensor  900 . A recess  940  can also be formed on the interior surface of the sensor cover  930  in order to conform to protrusions on the contact surface of the sensor  900 . Where the contact surface of the sensor  900  is flat, the interior surface can also be flat. 
       FIG.  9 D  illustrates a bioacoustic sensor having conductive leads according to an embodiment of the disclosure. In  FIG.  9 D , the illustrated bioacoustic sensor  900  has one or more apertures  950 ,  955  exposing the sensing element  960  to the contact surface  903 . In one embodiment, the sensor cover  962  prevents the bioacoustic sensor from taking readings by creating an electrical short in the sensor. One or more conductive leads or wires  965 ,  970  configured to fit into the apertures  950 ,  955  in the sensor housing are disposed on the sensor cover  962 . The conductive leads  965 ,  970  abut the negative and positive electrical poles of the sensing element  960 . The conductive leads can be formed of copper or other conductive material. In one embodiment, the conductive leads  965 ,  970  can abut internal wiring that connects to the negative and positive electrical poles, such that a direct connection is not required. The conductive leads  965 ,  970  are joined by a connector lead or wire  975  to generate a short circuit in the sensor  900 . In an embodiment, the conductive leads  965 ,  970  and connector lead  975  are a single connected structure. In an embodiment, the sensor cover  962  further comprises one or more attachment arms  980 ,  982  for releasably securing the sensor cover  962  to the sensor  900 . In an embodiment, the sensor cover  962  further comprises a recess  985  to conform against a protrusion  910  on the contact surface  903  of the sensor. In one embodiment, the sensor cover  962  is formed out of a sound deadening material, such as foam or rubber. In one embodiment, the sensor cover  962  is made of hard plastic or other types of plastic materials. 
     Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. 
     Various sensor covers have been disclosed in detail in connection with various embodiments. These embodiments are disclosed by way of examples only and are not to limit the scope of the claims that follow. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate the many variations, modifications and combinations. For example, in various embodiments, adhesive, snap-fit, friction-fit, clips, tabs, and other attachment mechanisms can be employed. In addition, in various embodiments the sensor covers are used with a sensor that can measure any type of physiological parameter. In various embodiments, the sensor covers can be for any type of medical device or sensor. In various embodiments, adhesive can be placed on both sides of the sensor cover to aid in the reattachment of sensors where the sensor adhesive has grown weak. In various embodiments, sensors covers can be made in whole or in part of materials such as foam, polyester, polypropylene, rubber, vinyl, cling vinyl, urethane rubber plastic or other plastic materials, cloth, metal, combinations of the same or the like.