Patent Publication Number: US-2021169387-A1

Title: Sterile bodily-fluid collection device and methods

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/728,318, filed Jun. 2, 2015, entitled, “Sterile Bodily-Fluid Collection Device and Methods,” which is a continuation of International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/073080, filed Dec. 4, 2013, entitled, “Sterile Bodily-Fluid Collection Device and Methods,” and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/096,826 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,251,590), filed Dec. 4, 2013, entitled, “Sterile Bodily-Fluid Collection Device and Methods,” each of which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/733,199, filed Dec. 4, 2012, entitled, “Sterile Bodily-Fluid Collection Device and Methods,” the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Embodiments described herein relate generally to the parenteral procurement of bodily-fluid samples, and more particularly to devices and methods for parenterally-procuring bodily-fluid samples with reduced contamination from microbes or other contaminants exterior to the bodily-fluid source, such as dermally-residing microbes. 
     Health care practitioners routinely perform various types of microbial tests on patients using parenterally-obtained bodily-fluids. In some instances, patient samples (e.g., bodily-fluids) are tested for the presence of one or more potentially undesirable microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, or yeast (e.g.,  Candida ). Microbial testing may include incubating patient samples in one or more sterile vessels containing culture media that is conducive to microbial growth, real-time diagnostics, and/or molecular PCR-based approaches. Generally, when such microbes are present in the patient sample, the microbes flourish over time in the culture medium. After a variable amount of time (e.g., a few hours to several days), organism growth can be detected by automated, continuous monitoring. Such automated monitoring can detect carbon dioxide produced by organism growth. The culture medium can then be tested for the presence of the microbes. The presence of microbes in the culture medium suggests the presence of the same microbes in the patient sample which, in turn, suggests the presence of the same microbes in the bodily-fluid of the patient from which the sample was obtained. Accordingly, when microbes are determined to be present in the culture medium, the patient may be prescribed one or more antibiotics or other treatments specifically designed to treat or otherwise remove the undesired microbes from the patient. 
     Patient samples, however, can become contaminated during procurement and/or can be otherwise susceptible to false positive results. One way in which contamination of a patient sample may occur is by the transfer of microbes from a bodily surface (e.g., dermally-residing microbes) dislodged during needle insertion into a patient and subsequently transferred to a culture medium with the patient sample. The bodily surface and/or other undesirable external microbes may be dislodged either directly or via dislodged tissue fragments, hair follicles, sweat glands and other skin adnexal structures. Another possible source of contamination is from the person drawing the patient sample. For example, a doctor, phlebotomist, nurse, etc. can transfer contaminants from their body (e.g., finger, arms, etc.) to the patient sample and/or to the equipment containing the patient sample. Expanding further, equipment and/or devices used during a patient sample procurement process (e.g., patient to needle, needle/tubing to sample vessels, etc.) often include multiple fluidic interfaces that can each introduce points of potential contamination. The use of such equipment and/or devices typically includes manual intervention to connect and/or fluidically couple various interfaces. Since these interfaces are not preassembled and sterilized as a single fluidically coupled system, external contaminants can be introduced to the patient sample via the user (e.g., doctor, phlebotomist, etc.) and/or other sources (e.g. ambient air, contaminants on surfaces of tables and counters in patient room, microbes transferred from linens or clothing, etc.). In some instances, such contaminants may thrive in a culture medium and eventually yield a positive microbial test result, thereby falsely indicating the presence of such microbes in vivo. 
     In some instances, false positive results and/or false negative results can be attributed to a specific volume of the patient sample. For example, overfilling of volume-sensitive blood culture bottles can lead to false positive results as noted in the instructions for use and/or warning labeling from manufacturers of such culture bottles, as well as associated automated continuous monitoring microbial detection systems. On the other hand, as another example, insufficient patient sample volume within a culture medium can result in false negative results. By way of example, in a study performed by the Mayo Clinic entitled, “Optimized Pathogen Detection with 30- Compared to 20-Milliliter Blood Culture Draws,” published in the December 2011 issue of Journal of Clinical Microbiology, a patient sample volume of 20 milliliters (mL) can result in detection of about 80% of bacteremias present in a patient sample, a patient sample volume of 40 mL can result in detection of about 88% of the bacteremias, and a patient sample volume of 60 mL can result in detection of about 99% of the bacteremias. 
     Such inaccurate results as a result of contamination, insufficient patient sample volume, and/or the like are a concern when attempting to diagnose or treat a suspected illness or condition. For example, false negative results from microbial tests may result in a misdiagnosis and/or delayed treatment of a patient illness which, in some cases, could result in the death of the patient. Conversely, false positive results from microbial tests may result in the patient being unnecessarily subjected to one or more anti-microbial therapies, which may cause serious side effects to the patient including, for example, death, as well as produce an unnecessary burden and expense to the health care system due to extended length of patient stay and/or other complications associated with erroneous treatments. Additionally, the use of diagnostic imaging equipment attributable to these false positive results is also a concern from both a cost as well as patient safety perspective as unnecessary exposure to concentrated radiation associated with a variety of imaging procedures (e.g., CT scans) has many known adverse impacts on long-term patient health. 
     As such, a need exists for sterile “all-in-one” bodily-fluid collection devices and methods that reduce microbial contamination in bodily-fluid test samples by, for example, minimizing exposure of the patient sample and/or fluidic interfaces to ambient non-sterile conditions and/or other sources of external contamination. Additionally, a need exists for such bodily-fluid collection devices to include a means for accurately metering, measuring, and/or otherwise assessing and confirming a volume of bodily-fluid transferred from a patient to a sample reservoir or culture medium that can be visually, tactically, or otherwise communicated to a healthcare practitioner procuring the patient sample in substantially real-time (e.g. at the patient bedside). 
     SUMMARY 
     Devices for parenterally-procuring bodily-fluid samples with reduced contamination from microbes exterior to the bodily-fluid source, such as dermally-residing microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants, are described herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus for obtaining a bodily fluid sample from a patient includes a pre-sample reservoir, a diversion mechanism, and a flow metering mechanism. The pre-sample reservoir is configured to receive a first volume of bodily-fluid withdrawn from the patient. The diversion mechanism includes an inlet port, a first outlet port, and a second outlet port, and defines a first fluid flow path and a second fluid flow path. The inlet port can be coupled to a lumen-defining device for receiving bodily-fluids from the patient. The first outlet port and the second outlet port are configured to fluidically couple the pre-sample reservoir and a sample reservoir, respectively, to the diversion mechanism. The first fluid flow path is configured to place the first outlet port in fluid communication with the inlet port and a second fluid flow path configured to place the second outlet port in fluid communication with the inlet port. The flow metering mechanism is in fluid communication with the first fluid flow path and the second fluid flow path. The flow metering mechanism is configured to meter a flow of the first volume of bodily-fluid through the first fluid flow path into the pre-sample reservoir and to meter a flow of a second volume of bodily-fluid through the second fluid flow path into the sample reservoir. The flow metering mechanism is configured to display a volumetric indicator associated with the first volume and the second volume. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of a bodily-fluid collection device according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the bodily-fluid collection device according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional side view of a housing included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 2 , taken along the line X 1 -X 1  in  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of a movable member included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 2 , taken along the line X 2 -X 2  in  FIG. 3 . 
         FIGS. 6 and 7  are cross-sectional views of a flow controller included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 2 , taken along the line X 3 -X 3  and X 4 -X 4  in  FIG. 3 , respectively. 
         FIG. 8  is a top view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 2  in a first configuration. 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 2  in the first configuration, taken along the line X 5 -X 5  in  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 10  is a top view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 2  in a second configuration. 
         FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 2  in the second configuration, taken along the line X 6 -X 6  in  FIG. 10 . 
         FIGS. 12 and 13  are cross-sectional views of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 2 , in a third configuration and a fourth configuration, respectively, taken along the line X 6 -X 6  in  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a bodily-fluid collection device according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional side view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 14 , taken along the line X 7 -X 7 . 
         FIG. 16  is a perspective view of a bodily-fluid collection device according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 17  is an exploded perspective view of a diversion mechanism included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 18  is a cross-sectional side view of a distribution member included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 16 , taken along the line X 8 -X 8  in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 19  is a top view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 16  in a first configuration. 
         FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional view of a portion the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 16  in the first configuration, taken along the line X 9 -X 9  in  FIG. 19 . 
         FIG. 21  is a top view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 16  in a second configuration. 
         FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 16  in the second configuration, taken along the line X 10 -X 10  in  FIG. 21 . 
         FIG. 23  is a perspective view of a bodily-fluid collection device according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 24  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 23  taken along the line X 11 -X 11  in a first configuration. 
         FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 23  taken along the line X 11 -X 11  in a second configuration. 
         FIG. 26  is a perspective view of a bodily-fluid collection device according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 27  is an exploded perspective view of a diversion mechanism included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 28  is a cross-sectional view of a distribution member included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 26  taken along the line X 13 -X 13  in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 29  is a cross-sectional view of a coupling member included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 26  taken along the line X 14 -X 14  in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 30  is a cross-sectional view of a dial included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 26  taken along the line X 15 -X 15  in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 31  is a cross-sectional view of a valve included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 26  taken along the line X 16 -X 16  in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 32  is a cross-sectional view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 26  in a first configuration, taken along the line X 12 -X 12 . 
         FIG. 33  is a cross-sectional view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 26  in a second configuration, taken along the line X 12 -X 12 . 
         FIG. 34  is a perspective view of a bodily-fluid collection device according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 35  is an exploded perspective view of a diversion mechanism included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 34 . 
         FIG. 36  is a cross-sectional view of a distribution member included in the diversion mechanism of  FIG. 35  taken along the line X 17 -X 17 . 
         FIG. 37  is a top view of a portion of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 34  in a first configuration. 
         FIG. 38  is a cross-sectional view of the portion the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 37  in the first configuration, taken along the line X 18 -X 18 . 
         FIG. 39  is a top view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 33  in a second configuration. 
         FIG. 40  is a cross-sectional view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 33  in the second configuration, taken along the line X 19 -X 19  in  FIG. 39 . 
         FIG. 41  is a perspective view of a bodily-fluid collection device in a first configuration according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 42  is an exploded perspective view of a portion of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 41 . 
         FIG. 43  is a cross-sectional view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 41  in a first configuration, taken along the line X 20 -X 20 . 
         FIG. 44  is a cross-sectional view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 41  in a second configuration, taken along the line X 20 -X 20 . 
         FIG. 45  is a cross-sectional view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 41  in a third configuration, taken along the line X 20 -X 20 . 
         FIG. 46  is a perspective view of a bodily-fluid collection device in a first configuration according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 47  is an exploded perspective view of a portion of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 45 . 
         FIG. 48  is a cross-sectional side view of a distribution member included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 46 , taken along the line X 21 -X 21  in  FIG. 47 . 
         FIG. 49  is a cross-sectional view of a movable member included in the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 46 , taken along the line X 22 -X 22  in  FIG. 47 . 
         FIG. 50  is a top view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 46  in a first configuration. 
         FIG. 51  is a cross-sectional view of a portion the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 46  in the first configuration, taken along the line X 23 -X 23  in  FIG. 50 . 
         FIG. 52  is a top view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 46  in a second configuration. 
         FIG. 53  is a cross-sectional view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 46  in the second configuration, taken along the line X 24 -X 24  in  FIG. 52 . 
         FIG. 54  is a perspective view of a bodily-fluid collection device according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 55  is a top view of the bodily-fluid collection device of  FIG. 54 . 
         FIG. 56  is a flowchart illustrating a method of obtaining a bodily-fluid sample with reduced contamination using a collection device according to an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Devices for parenterally-procuring bodily-fluid samples with reduced contamination from microbes exterior to the bodily-fluid source, such as dermally-residing microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants, are described herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus for obtaining a bodily fluid sample from a patient includes a pre-sample reservoir, a diversion mechanism, and a flow metering mechanism. The pre-sample reservoir is configured to receive a first volume of bodily-fluid withdrawn from the patient. The diversion mechanism includes an inlet port, a first outlet port, and a second outlet port, and defines a first fluid flow path and a second fluid flow path. The inlet port can be coupled to a lumen-defining device for receiving bodily-fluids from the patient. The first outlet port and the second outlet port are configured to fluidically couple the pre-sample reservoir and a sample reservoir, respectively, to the diversion mechanism. The first fluid flow path is configured to place the first outlet port in fluid communication with the inlet port and a second fluid flow path configured to place the second outlet port in fluid communication with the inlet port. The flow metering mechanism is in fluid communication with the first fluid flow path and the second fluid flow path. The flow metering mechanism is configured to meter a flow of the first volume of bodily-fluid through the first fluid flow path into the pre-sample reservoir and to meter a flow of a second volume of bodily-fluid through the second fluid flow path into the sample reservoir. The flow metering mechanism is configured to display a volumetric indicator associated with the first volume and the second volume. 
     In some embodiments, an apparatus for obtaining a bodily-fluid sample from a patient includes a pre-sample reservoir, a diversion mechanism, a flow controller, and a movable member. The pre-sample reservoir is configured to receive a first volume of bodily-fluid withdrawn from the patient. The diversion mechanism includes an inlet port, a first outlet port, and a second outlet port. The inlet port is couplable to a lumen-defining device for receiving bodily-fluids from the patient. The first outlet port fluidically couples the pre-sample reservoir to the diversion mechanism and the second outlet port fluidically couples a sample reservoir to the diversion mechanism. The flow controller is at least partially disposed within the diversion mechanism and can be moved between a first configuration, in which the flow controller defines at least a portion of a fluid flow path between the inlet port and the first outlet port, and a second configuration, in which the flow controller defines at least a portion of a fluid flow path between the inlet port and the second outlet port. The movable member movably coupled to the diversion mechanism and movable through the second outlet port between a first configuration, in which the sample reservoir is fluidically isolated from the fluid flow path between the inlet port and the second outlet port, and a second configuration, in which the sample reservoir is in fluid communication with the fluid flow path between the inlet port and the second outlet port. The sample reservoir is configured to receive a second volume of bodily-fluid withdrawn from the patient when the flow controller is in its second configuration and the movable member is in its second configuration. 
     In some embodiments, an apparatus for obtaining a bodily-fluid sample from a patient includes a pre-sample reservoir, a diversion mechanism, and a flow controller. The pre-sample reservoir is configured to receive a first volume of bodily-fluid withdrawn from the patient. The diversion mechanism includes a housing and a distribution member. The housing defines a first aperture in fluid communication with the pre-sample reservoir and a second aperture. The distribution member is at least partially disposed within the housing and defines a fluid flow channel in fluid communication with the second aperture. The distribution member includes a coupling portion that is in fluid communication with the flow channel and is configured to be physically and fluidically coupled to a sample reservoir. The flow controller includes an inlet port couplable to a lumen-defining device for receiving bodily-fluids from the patient. The flow controller is rotatably coupled to the diversion mechanism and movable between a first configuration, in which the inlet port is in fluid communication with the first aperture, and a second configuration, in which the inlet port is in fluid communication with the second aperture. 
     In some embodiments, a method of using a flow-metering transfer device having a diversion mechanism with an inlet port configured to be selectively placed in fluid communication with a pre-sample reservoir and a sample reservoir, and a flow-metering mechanism configured to meter a flow of bodily-fluid from the patient to the pre-sample reservoir and to the sample reservoir includes establishing fluid communication between the patient and the inlet port of the flow-metering transfer device. Fluid communication is then established between the port and the pre-sample reservoir. A flow of bodily-fluid transferred from the patient to the pre-sample reservoir is metered. The method includes verifying a pre-sample volume of bodily-fluid disposed in the pre-sample reservoir is a first pre-sample volume of bodily-fluid via the flow-metering mechanism of the flow-metering transfer device. With the pre-sample volume disposed in the pre-sample reservoir, the pre-sample reservoir is fluidically isolated from the port to sequester the pre-sample volume of bodily-fluid in the pre-sample reservoir. With the pre-sample reservoir fluidically isolated, the method includes establishing fluid communication between the port and the sample reservoir. A flow of bodily-fluid transferred from the patient to the sample reservoir is metered. The method includes verifying a sample volume of bodily-fluid disposed in the sample reservoir is a first sample volume of bodily-fluid via the flow-metering mechanism of the flow-metering transfer device. 
     In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a diversion mechanism and a flow controller. The diversion mechanism can define an inlet port, a first outlet port, a second outlet port, and a third outlet port. The first outlet port is fluidically coupled to a pre-sample reservoir, the second outlet port is fluidically coupled to a first sample reservoir, and the third outlet port is fluidically coupled to a second sample reservoir, and so forth. All of the fluid reservoirs can be fluidically isolated from each other. The flow controller includes various fluidic channels that can allow fluidic movement in specified directions and can be configured to be operably coupled to the diversion mechanism. In use, when the diversion mechanism is at a first configuration, the flow controller can allow a flow of bodily-fluid to enter the pre-sample reservoir. The diversion mechanism can be moved to a second configuration, where the flow controller can allow a flow of bodily-fluid to enter the first sample reservoir. Additionally, the diversion mechanism can then be moved to a third configuration, whereby the flow controller can allow a flow of bodily-fluid to enter the second sample reservoir. 
     In some embodiments, a bodily-fluid collection device can be configured to selectively divert a first, predetermined volume of a bodily-fluid to a pre-sample reservoir before permitting the flow of a second volume of the bodily-fluid into a first sample reservoir and/or a third volume of the bodily-fluid into a second sample reservoir. In this manner, the second and/or third volumes of bodily-fluid can be used for diagnostic or other testing, while the first volume of bodily-fluid, which may contain microbes from a bodily surface or other source external to the patient from which the sample is procured, is isolated. In some embodiments, the bodily-fluid collection device can include additional sample reservoirs (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6 or more) depending on the analysis and/or testing protocols to be performed. 
     In some embodiments, a bodily-fluid collection device can include flow metering to ensure the proper volume of bodily-fluid is collected from a patient and/or transferred into a specific pre-sample and/or sample reservoir. The bodily-fluid collection device can be configured to automatically divert and/or control the fluid flow after metered volumes of bodily-fluid are collected. For example, after a first metered pre-sample volume is collected, a diversion mechanism can be configured to divert the bodily-fluid flow to a first sample reservoir and then after a first metered sample volume is collected, the diversion mechanism can be configured to divert the bodily-fluid flow to a second sample reservoir and so on. In some embodiments, the bodily-fluid collection device can include a metered volume display such as, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), to provide a visual indication to the user of how much bodily-fluid has been collected into each specific, individual sample reservoir. In some embodiments, multiple displays can be provided to allow for customized pre-sample and/or sample volume collection. 
     As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, the term “a member” is intended to mean a single member or a combination of members, “a material” is intended to mean one or more materials, or a combination thereof. 
     As used herein, “bodily-fluid” can include any fluid obtained from a body of a patient, including, but not limited to, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, bile, lymph, saliva, synovial fluid, serous fluid, pleural fluid, amniotic fluid, and the like, or any combination thereof. 
     As used herein, the terms “first, predetermined amount,” “first amount,” and “first volume” describe an amount of bodily-fluid configured to be received or contained by a first reservoir or a pre-sample reservoir. While the terms “first amount” and “first volume” do not explicitly describe a predetermined amount, it should be understood that the first amount is the first, predetermined amount unless explicitly described differently. 
     As used herein, the terms “second amount” and “second volume” describe an amount of bodily-fluid configured to be received or contained by a second reservoir or sample reservoir. The second amount can be any suitable amount of bodily-fluid and need not be predetermined. Conversely, when explicitly described as such, the second amount received and contained by the second reservoir or sample reservoir can be a second, predetermined amount. 
     As used herein, the term “set” can refer to multiple features or a singular feature with multiple parts. For example, when referring to set of walls, the set of walls can be considered as one wall with distinct portions, or the set of walls can be considered as multiple walls. Similarly stated, a monolithically constructed item can include a set of walls. Such a set of walls can include, for example, multiple portions that are in discontinuous from each other. A set of walls can also be fabricated from multiple items that are produced separately and are later joined together (e.g., via a weld, an adhesive or any suitable method). 
     As used herein, the terms “proximal” and “distal” refer to the direction closer to and away from, respectively, a user who would place the device into contact with a patient. Thus, for example, the end of a device first touching the body of the patient would be the distal end, while the opposite end of the device (e.g., the end of the device being manipulated by the user) would be the proximal end of the device. 
     As used herein, the terms “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially” when used in connection with a numerical value is intended to convey that the value so defined is nominally the value stated. Said another way, the terms about, approximately, and substantially when used in connection with a numerical value generally include the value stated plus or minus a given tolerance. For example, in some instances, a suitable tolerance can be plus or minus 10% of the value stated; thus, about 0.5 would include 0.45 and 0.55, about 10 would include 9 to 11, about 1000 would include 900 to 1100. In other instances, a suitable tolerance can be plus or minus an acceptable percentage of the last significant figure in the value stated. For example, a suitable tolerance can be plus or minus 10% of the last significant figure; thus, about 10.1 would include 10.09 and 10.11, approximately 25 would include 24.5 and 25.5. Such variance can result from manufacturing tolerances or other practical considerations (such as, for example, tolerances associated with a measuring instrument, acceptable human error, or the like). 
     When describing a relationship between a predetermined volume of bodily-fluid and a collected volume of bodily-fluid it is to be understood that the values include a suitable tolerance such as those described above. For example, when stating that a collected volume of bodily-fluid is substantially equal to a predetermined volume of bodily-fluid, the collected volume and the predetermined volume are nominally equal within a suitable tolerance. In some instances, the tolerances can be determined by the intended use of the collected volume of bodily-fluid. For example, in some instances, an assay of a blood culture can be about 99% accurate when the collected volume of blood is within 1.0% to 5.0% of the manufacturer&#39;s (or evidence-based best practices) recommended volume. By way of an example, a manufacturer&#39;s recommended volume for an assay of a bodily-fluid can be 10 milliliters (mL) per sample collection bottle, with a total of four or six collection bottles used (i.e., an aggregate volume of 40ml to 60 ml) plus or minus 5% for about 99% confidence. Thus, a collected volume of 10.5 mL would provide results with over about 99% confidence, while a collected volume of 11 mL would provide results with less than about 99% confidence. In other instances, a suitable tolerance can be 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0%, 8.0%, 9.0%, 10.0%, or any fraction of a percent therebetween. In still other instances, a tolerance can be greater than 10.0%. Thus, any of the embodiments described herein can include and/or can be used in conjunction with any suitable flow-metering mechanism and/or device that is configured to meter a flow and/or otherwise measure a volume of bodily-fluid within a suitable tolerance. Moreover, the flow-metering mechanism and/or device can be arranged such as to minimize or eliminate tolerance stacking that can result from a combination of inaccurate measurement, human error, and/or the like. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of a portion of a bodily-fluid collection device  100 , according to an embodiment. Generally, the bodily-fluid collection device  100  (also referred to herein as “fluid collection device” or “collection device”) is configured to permit the withdrawal of bodily-fluid from a patient such that a first portion or volume of the withdrawn fluid is diverted away from a second and/or third portion or volume of the withdrawn fluid that is to be used as a biological sample, such as for testing for the purpose of medical diagnosis and/or treatment. In other words, the collection device  100  is configured to transfer a first, predetermined volume of a bodily-fluid to a pre-sample collection reservoir and a second and third volume (or, in some embodiments, a fourth, fifth and so on) of bodily-fluid to one or more sample collection reservoirs fluidically isolated from the pre-sample collection reservoir, as described in more detail herein. 
     The collection device  100  includes a diversion mechanism  120 , a flow controller  140 , a pre-sample reservoir  170 , a first sample reservoir  180 , and a second sample reservoir  190 , different than the first sample reservoir  180 . The diversion mechanism  120  includes an inlet port  121  and at least two outlet ports, such as a first outlet port  125 , and a second outlet port  126  as shown in  FIG. 1 . In some embodiments, the diversion mechanism  120  can include a set of outlet ports equal to a total number of pre-sample reservoirs and sample reservoirs. For example, the diversion mechanism  120  can include five outlet ports when the collection device  100  has one pre-sample reservoir and four sample reservoirs. In some embodiments, the diversion mechanism  120  can be operatively coupled to an actuator (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) which can facilitate the movement of the diversion mechanism  120  between multiple configurations. The inlet port  121  is configured to be fluidically coupled to a medical device defining a pathway X for withdrawing and/or conveying the bodily-fluid from the patient to the collection device  100 . For example, the inlet port  121  can be fluidically coupled to a needle or other lumen-defining device (e.g., flexible sterile tubing). In this manner, the diversion mechanism  120  can receive the bodily-fluid from the patient via the needle or any other lumen-defining device. 
     The first outlet port  125  of the diversion mechanism  120  can be fluidically coupled to the pre-sample reservoir  170 . In some embodiments, the pre-sample reservoir  170  is monolithically formed with the first outlet port  125  and/or a portion of the diversion mechanism  120 . In other embodiments, the pre-sample reservoir  170  can be mechanically and/or fluidically coupled to the diversion mechanism  120  via an adhesive, a resistance fit, a mechanical fastener, any number of mating recesses, a threaded coupling, and/or any other suitable coupling or combination thereof. Similarly stated, the pre-sample reservoir  170  can be physically (e.g., mechanically) coupled to the diversion mechanism  120  such that an interior volume defined by the pre-sample reservoir  170  is in fluid communication with the first outlet port  125  of the diversion mechanism  120 . In still other embodiments, the pre-sample reservoir  170  can be operably coupled to the first outlet port  125  of the diversion mechanism  120  via an intervening structure (not shown in  FIG. 1 ), such as flexible sterile tubing. More particularly, the intervening structure can define a lumen configured to place the pre-sample reservoir  170  in fluid communication with the first outlet port  125 . 
     The pre-sample reservoir  170  is configured to receive and contain the first, predetermined volume of the bodily-fluid. In some embodiments, the pre-sample reservoir  170  is configured to contain the first volume of the bodily-fluid such that the first volume is fluidically isolated from a second and/or third volume of the bodily-fluid (which can be the same or different than the first volume of bodily-fluid) that is subsequently withdrawn from the patient. The pre-sample reservoir  170  can be any suitable reservoir for containing a bodily-fluid, such as a pre-sample reservoir described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 8,197,420 entitled, “Systems and Methods for Parenterally Procuring Bodily-Fluid Samples with Reduced Contamination,” issued Jun. 12, 2012 (referred to henceforth as the “&#39;420 patent”), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     In some embodiments, the second outlet port  126  of the diversion mechanism  120  is configured to be fluidically coupled to a lumen-defining device that can be coupled to the first sample reservoir  180  and the second sample reservoir  190 . Optionally, in other embodiments, the second outlet port  126  of the diversion mechanism  120  can be coupled to the first sample reservoir  180  and the diversion mechanism  120  can have a third outlet port (not shown) coupled to the second sample reservoir  190 . In some embodiments, the first sample reservoir  180  can be monolithically formed with the second outlet port  126  and/or a portion of the diversion mechanism  120 . In other embodiments, the first sample reservoir  180  can be mechanically coupled to the second outlet port  126  or operably coupled to the second outlet port  126  via an intervening structure, such as described above with reference to the pre-sample reservoir  170 . The first sample reservoir  180  is configured to receive and contain the second volume of the bodily-fluid. For example, the second volume of bodily-fluid can be an amount withdrawn from the patient subsequent to withdrawal of the first pre-sample volume. In some embodiments, the first sample reservoir  180  is configured to contain the second volume of the bodily-fluid in such a manner that the second volume is fluidically isolated from the first volume of the pre-sample bodily-fluid. 
     The first sample reservoir  180  and the second sample reservoir  190  can be any suitable sterile reservoir for containing a bodily-fluid including, for example, a sample reservoir as described in the &#39;420 patent incorporated by reference above. In some embodiments, the second volume can be any suitable volume of bodily-fluid and need not be predetermined. In other embodiments, the transfer of the bodily-fluid to the first sample reservoir  180  and/or the second sample reservoir  190  can be metered or the like such that the second volume is a second predetermined volume. 
     The second sample reservoir  190  can be any suitable sample reservoir. In some embodiments, the second sample reservoir  190  can be substantially similar to the first sample reservoir  180  described above. The second sample reservoir  190  can be fluidically coupled to the second output port  126  as described above. The fluidic coupling of the second outlet port  126  to the second sample reservoir  190  can be substantially similar to the fluidic coupling of the second outlet port  126  to the first sample reservoir  180 , as described in detail above. Therefore, such portions are not described in further detail herein and should be considered substantially similar unless explicitly described differently. Furthermore, additional outlet ports of the diversion mechanism  120  and sample reservoirs (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) can be substantially similar to the second outlet port  126  and the first sample reservoir  180 . 
     In some embodiments, the pre-sample reservoir  170 , the first sample reservoir  180 , and the second sample reservoir  190  can be coupled to (or formed with) the diversion mechanism  120  in a similar manner. In other embodiments, the pre-sample reservoir  170 , the first sample reservoir  180 , and the second sample reservoir  190  need not be similarly coupled to the diversion mechanism  120 . For example, in some embodiments, the pre-sample reservoir  170  can be monolithically formed with the diversion mechanism  120  (e.g., the first outlet port  124 ) and the first sample reservoir  180  and/or the second sample reservoir  190  can be operably coupled to the diversion mechanism  120  (e.g., the second outlet port  126 ) via an intervening structure, such as a flexible sterile tubing or any combination thereof. 
     In some embodiments, the collection device  100  can further include an actuator (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) and a flow controller  140  that defines a first fluid flow path  142 , a second fluid flow path  144 , and optionally additional fluid flow paths (not shown in  FIG. 1 ). In some embodiments, the actuator can be included in or otherwise operably coupled to the diversion mechanism  120 . In this manner, the actuator can be configured to control fluid movement within the flow controller  140  (e.g., between different configurations). For example, the actuator can be movable between a first position corresponding to a first configuration of the flow controller  140 , a second position, different than the first position, corresponding to a second configuration of the flow controller  140 , and so on. In some embodiments, the actuator can be configured for uni-directional movement. For example, the actuator can be moved from its first position to its second position, but cannot be moved from its second position to its first position. Similarly, the actuator can be moved from its second position to a third position, but cannot be moved from its third position back to its second position. In this manner, the flow controller  140  is prevented from being moved into its second or third configuration before its first configuration, thus requiring that the first amount of the bodily-fluid be directed to the pre-sample reservoir  170  and not the sample reservoirs  180  and/or  190  which is designed to contain the second and/or third volume of the withdrawn fluid that is to be used as a biological sample, such as for testing for the purpose of medical diagnosis and/or treatment. 
     The flow controller  140  is configured such that when in the first configuration, the first fluid flow path  142  fluidically couples the inlet port  121  to the first outlet port  125 , and when in the second configuration, the second fluid flow path  144  fluidically couples the inlet port  121  to the second outlet port  126 . In some embodiments, an actuator as described above can be configured to move the flow controller  140  in a translational motion between the first configuration, and the second configuration, and optionally a third or fourth configuration. For example, in some embodiments, the flow controller  140  can be in the first configuration when the flow controller  140  is in a distal position relative to the collection device  100 . In such embodiments, the actuator can be actuated to move the flow controller  140  in the proximal direction to a proximal position relative to the collection device  100 , thereby placing the flow controller  130  in the second configuration. In other embodiments, the actuator can also be actuated to move the flow controller  140  in a rotational motion between the first configuration and the second configuration or optionally a third or fourth configuration. 
     Accordingly, when the flow controller  140  is in the first configuration, the second outlet port  126  (and optionally additional outlet ports coupled to sample reservoirs) is fluidically isolated from the inlet port  121 . Similarly, when the flow controller  140  is in the second configuration, the first outlet port  125  is fluidically isolated from the inlet port  121 . And optionally, if the flow controller  140  is in a third configuration (not shown in  FIG. 1 ), the first outlet port  125  and the second outlet port  126  are fluidically isolated from the inlet port  121 . In this manner, the flow controller  140  can direct, or divert the first amount of the bodily-fluid to the pre-sample fluid reservoir  170  via the first outlet port  125  when the flow controller  140  is in the first configuration and can direct, or divert the second amount of the bodily-fluid to the first sample fluid reservoir  180  via the second outlet port  126  when the flow controller  140  is in the second configuration. 
     In some embodiments, at least a portion of the actuator can be operably coupled to the pre-sample fluid reservoir  170 . In this manner, the actuator (or at least the portion of the actuator) can be configured to introduce or otherwise facilitate the development of a vacuum within the “pre-sample” fluid reservoir  170 , thereby initiating flow of the bodily-fluid through the collection device  100  and into the pre-sample fluid reservoir  170  when the diversion mechanism  120  is in its first configuration. The actuator can include any suitable mechanism for actuating the flow of bodily-fluid into the collection device  100 , such as, for example, a rotating disc, a plunger, a slide, a dial, a button, a handle, a lever, and/or any other suitable mechanism or combination thereof. Examples of suitable actuators are described in more detail herein with reference to specific embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the diversion mechanism  120  can be configured such that the first amount of bodily-fluid need to be conveyed to the pre-sample fluid reservoir  170  before the diversion mechanism  120  will permit the flow of the second amount of bodily-fluid to be conveyed through the diversion mechanism  120  to the first sample fluid reservoir  180  and/or to the second sample fluid reservoir  190 . In this manner, the diversion mechanism  120  can be characterized as requiring compliance by a health care practitioner regarding the collection of the first, predetermined amount (e.g., a pre-sample) prior to a collection of the second and/or third amount (e.g., a sample) of bodily-fluid. Similarly stated, the diversion mechanism  120  can be configured to prevent a health care practitioner from collecting the second amount, or the sample, of bodily-fluid into the first sample fluid reservoir  180  without first diverting the first amount, or pre-sample, of bodily-fluid to the pre-sample reservoir  170 . In this manner, the health care practitioner is prevented from including (whether intentionally or unintentionally) the first amount of bodily-fluid, which is more likely to contain bodily surface microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants, in the bodily-fluid sample to be used for analysis. In other embodiments, the fluid collection device  100  need not include a forced-compliance feature or component. 
     In some embodiments, the diversion mechanism  120  can have a fourth configuration (not shown in  FIG. 1 ), different than the first, second, and third configurations. When in the fourth configuration, the diversion mechanism  120  can fluidically isolate the inlet port  121  from the first outlet port  125 , the second outlet port  126 , and optionally a third outlet port simultaneously. Therefore, when the diversion mechanism  120  is in its fourth configuration, flow of bodily-fluid from the inlet port  121  to the pre-sample fluid reservoir  170 , the first sample fluid reservoir  180 , and the second sample fluid reservoir  190  is prevented. In use, for example, the diversion mechanism  120  can be actuated (e.g., manually or automatically) to place the diversion mechanism  120  in the first configuration such that a bodily-fluid can flow from the inlet port  121  to the pre-sample fluid reservoir  170 , then moved to the second configuration such that the bodily-fluid can flow from the inlet port  121  to the first sample fluid reservoir  180 , and optionally moved to the third configuration such that the bodily-fluid can flow from the inlet port  121  to the second sample fluid reservoir  190 , then moved to the fourth configuration to stop the flow of bodily-fluid into and/or through the diversion mechanism  120 . In this manner, the device is effectively “locked” and self-contained in the fourth configuration such that any residual bodily-fluid in the device  100  is prevented from being communicated and/or otherwise exposing health care practitioner and/or patient to potential dangerous fluids. This optional safety feature can prevent potential exposure to bodily-fluid samples that can be infected with pathogens such as HIV, Hepatitis C, etc. 
     In some embodiments, one or more portions of the collection device  100  are disposed within a housing (not shown in  FIG. 1 ). For example, in some embodiments, at least a portion of one or more of the diversion mechanism  120 , the first pre-sample reservoir  170 , and the sample reservoirs  180  and  190  can be disposed within the housing. In such an embodiment, at least a portion of the diversion mechanism  120  is accessible through the housing to allow the user to actuate the flow controller  140  to control the flow of bodily-fluid from the patient (e.g., a vein) to the collection device  100 . Examples of suitable housings are described in more detail herein with reference to specific embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the collection device  100  can optionally include one or more flow metering devices that can meter a flow of bodily-fluid through the collection device. For example, a flow metering device can be in fluid communication with the first fluid flow path  142  and/or the second fluid flow path  144  to meter a flow of bodily-fluid therethrough. In other embodiments, a flow metering device can be in fluid communication with and/or otherwise disposed in the first port  125  and/or the second port  126 . The flow metering device can include an indicator or the like (e.g., a dial, a display, color, a haptic output device, an electrical signal output device such as a wireless radio signal, Bluetooth radio signal, etc.) that can be configured to provide an indication to a user that is associated with a predetermined volume being transferred to the pre-sample reservoir  170 , the first sample reservoir  180 , and/or the second sample reservoir  190 . In some embodiments, the flow metering device can be operably coupled to, for example, an actuator or the like such as those described above. In such embodiments, the flow metering device can be operable in actuating the actuator to move the flow controller  140  between its first configuration and its second configuration based on a desired volume of bodily-fluid having flown through the flow metering device. Thus, the flow metering device can be used to ensure a desired volume of bodily-fluid is transferred to the pre-sample reservoir  170 , the first sample reservoir  180 , and/or the second sample reservoir  190 , which in turn, can prevent insufficient, inaccurate and/or false results in, for example, microbial testing to the patient sample or the like. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 2-13 , a collection device  200  includes a diversion mechanism  220 , a flow controller  240 , a pre-sample reservoir  270 , a first sample reservoir  280 , and a second sample reservoir  290 , different than the first sample reservoir  280 . As further described herein, the collection device  200  can be moved between a first, a second, and a third configuration to deliver a flow of a bodily-fluid that is substantially free from microbes exterior the body, such as, for example, dermally residing microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants. The collection device  200  can be any suitable shape, size, or configuration. For example, while shown in  FIGS. 2-13  with the sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290  as being oriented vertically with respect to the housing  201 , the collection device  200  can have the sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290  oriented in a plane with respect to the housing  201 , or conically disposed with respect to the housing  201 , and/so forth. 
     The diversion mechanism  220  includes a housing  201  and movable members  250  and  250 ′. As shown in  FIGS. 2-4 , the housing  201  is coupled to the pre-sample reservoir  270 , the first sample reservoir  280 , and the second sample reservoir  290 . The housing  201  includes an inlet port  221 , a first outlet port  230 , a second outlet port  231 , a third outlet port  232 , and defines an inner flow channel  235  that can define a fluid flow path for collecting bodily-fluids from the patient. The inlet port  221  can be selectively placed in fluid communication with the inner flow channel  235 . More specifically, the inlet port  221  defines an inlet lumen  202  that can be placed in fluid communication with the inner flow channel  235 . In this manner, the inlet port  221  extends from a portion of the housing  201  such that the inner flow channel  235  can be placed in fluid communication with a volume substantially outside the housing  201 , via the inlet lumen  202 . The inlet port  221  can be fluidically coupled to a medical device (not shown) that defines a fluid flow pathway for withdrawing and/or conveying bodily-fluid from a patient to the collection device  200 . For example, the inlet port  221  can be fluidically coupled to a needle or other lumen-defining device (e.g., flexible sterile tubing) either directly or indirectly via an adapter  204 . Similarly stated, the inlet lumen  202  defined by the inlet port  221  is placed in fluid communication with a lumen defined by a lumen-defining device, when the lumen-defining device is coupled to the inlet port  221 . Expanding further, when the lumen-defining device is disposed within a portion of a body of the patient (within a vein or the spinal cavity of a patient, for example), the inner flow channel  235  of the housing  201  can be placed in fluid communication with the portion of the body of the patient. 
     The inner flow channel  235  defined by the housing  201  is a central lumen that extends along a length of the housing  201  and that can be placed in fluid communication with the bodily-fluid of the patient following venipuncture (other method employed to gain access to bodily-fluid) as described herein. The inner flow channel  235  forms a fluid flow pathway for transferring bodily-fluid between the inlet port  221  and the first outlet port  230 , the second outlet port  231 , and the third outlet port  232 . More specifically, when the inner flow channel  235  is placed in fluid communication with the patient (e.g., via the medical device coupled to the inlet port  221 ), the first outlet port  230 , the second outlet port  231 , and the third outlet port  232  can be selectively placed in fluid communication with the inner flow channel  235  to allow bodily-fluid to flow into at least one of the pre-sample reservoir  270 , the first sample reservoir  280 , or the second sample reservoir  290 . In some embodiments, the bodily-fluid is prevented from flowing to the second outlet port  231  and the third outlet port  232  prior to a predetermined volume of bodily-fluid being collected in the pre-sample reservoir  270 . In some embodiments, the second outlet port  231  and the third outlet port  232  can be placed in fluid communication with the inner flow channel  235  simultaneously. In some embodiments, the second outlet port  231  and the third outlet port  232  can be placed in fluid communication with the inner flow channel  235  sequentially. 
     The movable members  250 ,  250 ′ are configured to be actuated (e.g., moved) by the user from a first position and a second position relative to the housing  201  to direct fluid flow into the first sample reservoir  280  and the second sample reservoir  290 . The movable members  250  and  250 ′ are substantially the same and therefore are described with reference to a single movable member  250 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , the movable member  250  includes a boss  251  that defines an inner cavity  252 , an inlet port  253 , a first outlet port  254 , and a piercing member  255  that defines a lumen  256  fluidically coupled to the inner cavity  252 . The inlet port  253  and the outlet port  254  extend through the walls of the boss  251  that defines the inner chamber  252  of the movable member  250 . The movable member  250  is configured to be mounted on a support  257  of the housing  201  (see  FIG. 4 ) such that the boss  251  is disposed within a bore  258  (see  FIG. 4 ) and at least a portion of the movable member  250  is received in an annular chamber  260 . Optionally, a bias member  259  (e.g., a spring) can be disposed in the annular chamber  260  to return the movable member  250  back to its first position after being actuated by the user. In some embodiments, the movable member  250 , the annular chamber  260 , the bore  258  or the boss  251  can include mechanical locking features configured to hold the movable member  250  in the second position (e.g., a depressed position) after being actuated by the user. 
     As described herein, in the first configuration, the movable member  250  is disposed in a manner such that the movable member  250  is spaced apart from the inner flow channel  235 . In such a configuration, no fluid flow path can be established between a part of the body of a patient (e.g., a vein, spinal cavity, etc.) and the sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290 . Said another way, when in the movable member  250  is in its first configuration, the first sample reservoir  280  and the second sample reservoir  290  are fluidically isolated from the inner flow channel  235  defined by the housing  201 . The movable member  250  can be actuated by the user to move the movable member  250  from the first configuration to the second configuration and into alignment with the inner flow channel  235 . The force exerted by the user can be sufficient to deform (e.g., compress) the bias member  259 , thereby allowing the piercing member  255  to be inserted into the sample reservoir  280  and/or  290 . In the second configuration, the inlet port  253  and the outlet port  254  are substantially aligned with the inner flow channel  235  placing the inner cavity  252  in fluid communication with the inner flow channel  235 . Thus, with the movable member  250  in the second configuration, a fluid flow pathway is established between the inner flow channel  235 , the inner cavity  252 , the lumen  256  of the piercing member  255 , and the sample reservoir  280 . Said another way, in such a configuration, bodily-fluid can flow from the patient (e.g., a vein, spinal cavity, etc.), through the diversion mechanism  220 , and into the first sample reservoir  280  and/or the second sample reservoir  290  as described in greater detail herein. 
     The pre-sample reservoir  270  can be any suitable reservoir for containing a bodily-fluid such as, for example, single use disposable collection tubes, vacuum based collection tubes, and/or the like. The pre-sample reservoir  270  is configured to be fluidically coupled to the first outlet port  230  of the collection device  200  (either directly or via an intervening structure such as sterile flexible tubing) in any suitable manner. For example, in some embodiments, a portion of the pre-sample reservoir  270  can form a friction fit within a portion of the first outlet port  230 . In other embodiments, the pre-sample reservoir  270  can be coupled to the first outlet port  230  via a threaded coupling, an adhesive, a snap fit, a mechanical fastener and/or any other suitable coupling method. In some embodiments, the pre-sample reservoir  270  can be monolithically formed with the housing  201 . The pre-sample reservoir  270  can be configured to maintain negative pressure conditions (vacuum conditions) inside (the pre-sample reservoir  270 ) that can allow drawing of bodily-fluid from the inlet port  221  to the pre-sample reservoir  270  through outlet port  230  via vacuum suction. The pre-sample reservoir  270  is configured to contain the first amount of the bodily-fluid, where the first amount of bodily-fluid can be a predetermined or undetermined amount, such that the first amount of bodily-fluid is fluidically isolated from a second and/or third amount of the bodily-fluid that is subsequently withdrawn from the patient. 
     The sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290  can be any suitable reservoirs for containing a bodily-fluid, including, for example, single use disposable collection tubes, vacuum based collection tubes, a sample reservoir as described in the &#39;420 patent incorporated by reference above, and/or the like. In some embodiments, sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290  can be substantially similar to or the same as known sample containers such as, for example, a Vacutainer®, or the like. The sample reservoir  280  and  290  include a sample container  282  and  292 , respectively, and a vacuum seal  284  and  294 , respectively. The vacuum seal  284  or  294  maintains negative pressure conditions (vacuum conditions) inside the sample container  282  or  292 , respectively, that can allow drawing of bodily-fluid from the inner flow channel  235  to the sample container  282  or  292 , respectively via vacuum suction. The sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290  can be configured to be fluidically coupled to the second outlet port  231  and third outlet port  232 , respectively, of the collection device  200  (either directly or via an intervening structure such as sterile flexible tubing) in any suitable manner. The sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290  can be moved relative to the outlet ports  231  and/or  232  to place the sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290  in fluid communication with the outlet ports  231  and/or  232 . The sample reservoirs  280  and  290  can be configured to contain a second or third amount of the bodily-fluid. The second or third amount of bodily-fluid can be a predetermined or undetermined amount, such that the second or third amount of bodily-fluid is fluidically isolated from the first amount of the bodily-fluid that is withdrawn from the patient. In some configurations, the sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290  can be coupled to the collection device  200  by being monolithically formed with the housing  201  in a manner similar to the pre-sample reservoir  270 , thus, they are not described in detail herein. In some instances, the sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290  can be transparent such that the user can have visual feedback to confirm bodily-fluid flow into the sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290 . 
     In some embodiments, the sample reservoirs  280  and  290  and the diversion mechanism  220  (and/or the portions of the collection device  200  other than the sample reservoirs  280  and  290 ) are independently formed (e.g., not monolithically formed) and coupled together during, for example, a manufacturing process. In some instances, the sample reservoirs  280  and  290  can be coupled to the diversion mechanism  220  in a substantially sterile or hermetic environment (e.g., an environment filled with ethylene oxide or the like). Thus, the interface between the sample reservoirs  280  and  290  and the diversion mechanism  220  is substantially sterilized prior to use. Moreover, the collection device  200  can be shipped and/or stored in a pre-assembled manner such as to maintain the substantially sterile interface between the sample reservoirs  280  and  290  and the diversion mechanism  220 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , the flow controller  240  includes a first member  241  and a second member  245 . The first member  241  is configured to be disposed in a recess  266  of the housing  201  (see e.g.,  FIG. 4 ), and can be made of any number of materials that are biocompatible such as, for example, titanium, graphite, pyrolytic carbon, polyester, polycarbonate, polyurethane, elastomeric material and/or the like. In some embodiments, the second member  245  serves as an actuator to move the first member  241  from a first configuration to a second configuration. More specifically, when the first member  241  is disposed in the recess  266 , the second member  245  can be moved between a first position and a second position to move the flow controller  240  between the first and second configuration. In some embodiments, the housing  201  can selectively limit movement of the second member  245  from its first position to its second position. In some embodiments, the housing  201  can be configured to prevent movement of the second member  245  once it has been moved to the second position. Said another way, the housing  201  can include a locking mechanism that prevents the second member  245  from being moved from the second position back to the first position. The second member  245  and/or the housing  201  can also include mechanical detents and/or other indicators that provide visual or tactile feedback to ensure precise positioning of the second member  245 . 
     The first member  241  can include multiple channels for directing fluid flow following a venipuncture (and/or other method of accessing a patient&#39;s bodily-fluid). For example, as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , the first member  241  includes a first flow channel  242  and a second flow channel  244 . When the second member  245  is in the first position (see e.g.,  FIGS. 8 and 9 ), the flow controller  240  is placed in the first configuration and the first flow channel  242  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  221  and the first outlet port  230  while fluidically isolating the inlet port  221  from the inner flow channel  235 . When the second member  245  is in the second position (see e.g.,  FIGS. 10-13 ), the flow controller  240  is placed in the second configuration and the second flow channel  244  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  221  and the inner flow channel  235  while fluidically isolating the inlet port  221  from the first outlet port  230 . Additional second member  245  positions corresponding to additional first member  241  flow channels and/or flow controller  240  configurations can be included to further direct/isolate fluid flow between the patient and the collection device  200 . For example, the second member  245  can have a third position corresponding to a third configuration of the flow controller  240  that substantially prevents fluid flow between the patient and the collection device  200  altogether. Said another way, in some embodiments, the dial can be moved to a third position after all bodily-fluid samples are taken from the patient to substantially seal the samples in the collection device  200  from the external environment. 
     In operation, the collection device  200  can be used to collect bodily-fluids (e.g., blood) from a patient with reduced contamination from dermally-residing microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants. For example, the inlet port  221  of the collection device  200  is fluidically coupled to a needle or other lumen-defining device (e.g., flexible sterile tubing) via the adapter  204 . Following venipuncture (or other bodily-fluid access method), the second member  245  is rotated until it reaches the first position as shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . Alternatively, the second member  245  can be pre-set in the first position and the collection device  200  can be otherwise sealed to preserve the vacuum in the pre-sample reservoir  270  and the sterility of the collection device  200 . For example, the inlet port  221  and/or the adapter  204  can include a valve that is opened when the collection device  200  is coupled to the needle or other lumen-defining device. 
     As described above, when the second member  245  is in the first position, the flow controller  240  is placed in the first configuration and the first flow channel  242  of the first member  241  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  221  and the first outlet port  230  while fluidically isolating the inlet port  221  from the inner flow channel  235 . Additionally, the first and second sample reservoirs  280  and  290  are fluidically isolated from the inlet port  221  in the first configuration and a fluid flow path is defined between a portion of the body of a patient (e.g. a vein) and the pre-sample reservoir  270  as indicated by the arrow AA in  FIG. 9 . As described above, fluid reservoirs used in the collection device  200  such as the pre-sample reservoir  270 , and the sample reservoirs  280  and  290  can be configured to define a negative pressure (i.e., a pressure less than the fluid pressure of the portion of the body that the collection device  200  is being used to withdraw bodily-fluid from) so that once fluid communication is established between a portion of the body of the patient (e.g., a vein) and the pre-sample reservoir  270 , the negative pressure within the pre-sample reservoir  270  is such that the pressure differential between the pre-sample reservoir  270  and the portion of the body of the patient draws the bodily-fluid into the pre-sample reservoir  270 . In this first configuration, the flow controller  240  also fluidically isolates the pre-sample reservoir  270  from the inner flow channel  235 . Thus, a first amount (predetermined or undetermined) of bodily-fluid can be received into the pre-sample reservoir  270  immediately after venipuncture (for example) and isolated from subsequent samples. In this manner, the collection device  200  can be used to prevent the first amount of bodily-fluid, which is most likely to contain bodily surface microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants, from contaminating subsequent amounts of the bodily-fluid samples that are collected and used for diagnostic or other testing that can be impacted by the contaminants. 
     Following collection of the volume of bodily-fluid pre-sample in the pre-sample reservoir  270 , the second member  245  can be rotated until it reaches the second position as shown in  FIGS. 10 and 11 . When the second member  245  is in the second position, the flow controller  240  is placed in the second configuration and the second flow channel  244  of the first member  241  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  221  and the inner flow channel  235 , while fluidically isolating the first outlet port  230  (i.e., the pre-sample reservoir  270 ) from the inlet port  221 . Said another way, in the second configuration, the flow controller  240  establishes a fluid flow path between a portion of the body of a patient (e.g. a vein) and the inner flow channel  235  via the second flow channel  244  as indicated by arrow BB in  FIG. 11 . 
     With the flow controller  240  in the second configuration, the movable members  250  and/or  250 ′ can be actuated (i.e., depressed) from the first position to the second position by the user to establish fluid communication between a part of the body of a patient (e.g., a vein) and the first sample reservoir  280  and/or the second sample reservoir  290 . More specifically, the movable member  250  is moved from its first position to its second configuration to pass the piercing member  255  through the outlet port  231  in such a manner that the piercing member  255  can puncture the vacuum seal  284  of the first sample reservoir  280  to be disposed inside the sample container  282 , as indicated by the arrow CC in  FIG. 12 . While in the second position, the inlet port  253  and the outlet port  254  of the movable member  250  are substantially aligned with, and in fluid communication with, the inner flow channel  235 , which allows the bodily-fluid to flow from the inner flow channel  235 , into the inner cavity  252  of the movable member  250 , and out the lumen  256  of the piercing member  255  into the first sample reservoir  280 . The pressure differential between the sample reservoir  280  (e.g., vacuum or negative pressure) and the inner flow channel  235  draws the bodily-fluid into the sample reservoir  280 . Said another way, in the second configuration, the movable member  250  establishes a fluid flow path between the inner flow channel  235  and the first sample reservoir  280  as indicated by the arrow DD in  FIG. 12 . Once a desired volume of bodily-fluid (e.g., the second amount) is collected in the first sample reservoir  280 , the user can release the movable member  250  allowing the bias member  259  to move the button  250  back to its first position. With the movable member  250  back in its first position, the piercing member  255  is removed from the first sample reservoir  280  and the seal  284  (e.g., a self sealing septum) fluidically isolates the first sample reservoir  280  from the inner flow channel  235 . 
     In a similar manner, while the flow controller  240  is in the second configuration, the movable member  250 ′ can be actuated (depressed) from its first position to its second position by the user, as indicated by the arrow EE in  FIG. 13 . In this manner, fluid communication is established between a part of the body of a patient (e.g., a vein) and the second sample reservoir  290  (via the outlet port  232 ) in a manner similar to that of the movable member  250  and first sample reservoir  280  described above. Said another way, in the second configuration, the movable member  250 ′ establishes a fluid flow path between the inner flow channel  235  and the second sample reservoir  290  as indicated by the arrow FF in  FIG. 13 . Once a desired volume of bodily-fluid (e.g., the third amount) is collected in the second sample reservoir  290 , the user can release the movable member  250 ′ allowing the bias member  259 ′ to move the button  250 ′ back to its first position. Although shown and described as being a sequential process, the order of fill and/or sequencing is not necessarily required (i.e., sample reservoir  280  does not necessarily have to be filled before sample reservoir  290 , etc.). Said another way, once the flow controller  240  is moved to the second configuration, the first sample reservoir  280  and the second sample reservoir  290  (and any additional sample reservoirs) can be filled in any order, at the same time (e.g., simultaneously), and/or at overlapping time intervals. For example, the user can begin to fill the first sample reservoir  280  and then after the first sample reservoir  280  is partially filled, the user can depress the movable member  250 ′ to being filling the second sample reservoir  290  while the first sample reservoir  280  is finished filling. Additionally, adjustments in the volume of the bodily-fluid collected in the sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290  can be made possible by actuating (inserting) the movable members  250  and/or  250 ′ repeatedly. As described above, the second member  245  can have a third position corresponding to a third configuration of the flow controller  240  that can substantially prevent fluid flow between the patient and the collection device  200  altogether to substantially seal the samples in the collection device  200  from the external environment. 
     Although not shown in  FIGS. 2-13 , the collection device  200  can include a flow metering device or the like that can be configured to meter a volume of bodily-fluid that is transferred to the pre-sample reservoir  270 , the first sample reservoir  280 , and/or the second sample reservoir  290 . For example, in some embodiments, the first member  241  of the flow controller  240  can include a flow metering device that is in fluid communication with the first flow channel  242  and the second flow channel  244 . In other embodiments, a flow metering device can be disposed within the inner cavity  252  of the movable members  250  and/or  250 ′. Thus, a volume of bodily-fluid sample transferred to and disposed in the first sample reservoir  280  and the second sample reservoir  290  can be metered and/or controlled such that the volume of bodily-fluid sample disposed in each sample reservoir  280  and  290  is a predetermined volume such as, for example, 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL, etc. 
     Although the collection device  200  is shown and described as including a first sample reservoir  280  and a second sample reservoir  290 , in other embodiments, a collection device can include any number of pre-sample and/or sample reservoirs. For example,  FIGS. 14 and 15  illustrate a collection device  300  according to an embodiment. As shown, certain aspects of the collection device  300  can be substantially similar to corresponding aspects of the collection device  200  described above with reference to  FIGS. 2-13 . Thus, similar aspects are not described in further detail herein. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 14 and 15 , the collection device  300  includes a diversion mechanism  320 , a flow controller  340 , a pre-sample reservoir  370 , a first sample reservoir  380 , a second sample reservoir  380 ′, a third sample reservoir  390 , and a fourth sample reservoir  390 ′. The pre-sample reservoir  370  can be substantially similar to the pre-sample reservoir  270  described in detail above. In some embodiments, the sample reservoirs  380 ,  380 ′,  390 , and  390 ′ can be substantially similar to the sample reservoirs  280  and  290  described in detail above. In some embodiments, the sample reservoirs  380 ,  380 ′,  390 , and  390 ′ can have substantially the same shape and size and can include, for example substantially the same culture medium. In other embodiments, the sample reservoirs  380 ,  380 ′,  390 , and  390 ′ can have substantially the same shape and size and can include one of an aerobic culture medium or an anaerobic culture medium. For example in some embodiment, the first sample reservoir  380  and the third sample reservoir  390  can include an aerobic culture medium, while the second sample reservoir  380 ′ and the fourth sample reservoir  390 ′ can include an anaerobic culture medium. In other embodiments, the sample reservoirs  380 ,  380 ′,  390 , and  390 ′ can each include an aerobic or an anaerobic culture medium in any arrangement or combination. 
     The diversion mechanism  320  includes a housing  301  and a set of movable members  350 ,  350 ′,  350 ″, and  350 ′″. The movable members  350 ,  350 ′,  350 ″, and  350 ′″ are, for example, substantially similar to the movable member  250  described above with reference to  FIG. 5 . Thus, the movable members  350 ,  350 ′,  350 ″, and  350 ′″ can be moved between a first position and a second position relative to the housing  301  to be placed in fluid communication with the sample reservoirs  380 ,  380 ′,  390 , and  390 ′, respectively. The housing  301  includes and/or defines an inlet port  321 , a first outlet port  330  configured to be placed in fluid communication with the pre-sample reservoir  370 , a second outlet port  331  configured to be placed in fluid communication with the first sample reservoir  380 , a third outlet port  332  configured to be placed in fluid communication with the second sample reservoir  380 ′, a fourth outlet port  333  configured to be placed in fluid communication with the third sample reservoir  390 ′, and a fifth outlet port  334  configured to be placed in fluid communication with the fourth sample reservoir  390 ′. Moreover, the housing  301  defines an inner flow channel  335  that can be selectively placed in fluid communication with the inlet port  321  and the outlet ports  331 ,  332 ,  333 , and  334  in a similar manner as described above with reference to the inner flow channel  235  of the housing  201 . 
     The flow controller  340  is, for example, substantially similar to the flow controller  240  described above with reference to  FIGS. 6-13 . Thus, the flow controller  340  can be rotated between a first configuration and a second configuration to selectively define a portion of a fluid flow path between the patient and the pre-sample reservoir  370  or the sample reservoirs  380 ,  380 ′,  390 , and  390 ′. In this manner, a user can manipulate the collection device  300  in a similar manner as described above with reference to the collection device  200  in  FIGS. 8-13 . Thus, a first volume of bodily-fluid can be transferred to and disposed in the pre-sample reservoir  370  and subsequent volumes of bodily-fluid can be transferred to and disposed in the sample reservoirs  380 ,  380 ′,  390 , and  390 ′. 
       FIGS. 16-22  illustrate a collection device  400  according to an embodiment. The collection device  400  includes a diversion mechanism  420 , a flow controller  440 , and sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490  and  490 ′. As further described herein, the collection device  400  can be moved between a first, a second, a third, a fourth, and a fifth configuration to deliver a flow of a bodily-fluid that is substantially free from microbes exterior the body, such as, for example, dermally residing microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants. The collection device  400  can be any suitable shape, size, or configuration. For example, while shown in  FIGS. 16-22  with the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490  and  490 ′ oriented vertically with respect to the housing  401 , the collection device  400  can have the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490  and  490 ′ oriented in any suitable plane with respect to the housing  401 , or conically disposed with respect to the housing  401 , and/so forth. 
     The sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490  and  490 ′ are substantially similar or the same in form and function to the sample reservoirs  280  and/or  290  of the collection device  200  and thus, are not described in detail herein. As discussed above, the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490  and  490 ′ maintain negative pressure conditions (vacuum conditions) that can allow drawing of bodily-fluid from a patient to the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490  and  490 ′ via suction. In some embodiments, sample reservoirs  480  and  480 ′ can be aerobic culture bottles and sample reservoirs  490  and  490 ′ can be anaerobic culture bottles and the collection device  400  can be used to collect multiple aerobic and multiple anaerobic blood culture samples from a single venipuncture. As described in further detail herein, the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490  and  490 ′ can each be placed in fluid communication with at least a portion of the diversion mechanism  420  to receive a volume of a bodily-fluid sample. The volume of the bodily-fluid samples can be a predetermined or undetermined amount. Moreover, once a desired volume of bodily-fluid is disposed in the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490 ,  490 ′, each sample reservoir  480 ,  480 ′,  490 , and  490 ′ can be fluidically isolated from at least a portion of the diversion mechanism  420 , as described in further detail herein. 
     The diversion mechanism  420  includes a housing  401  and a distribution member  429 . The housing  401  of the diversion mechanism  420  is physically and fluidically coupled to the distribution member  429 , and provides and/or defines a set of fluid flow pathways for collecting bodily-fluids from the patient. The housing  401  defines a recess  466  and a set of outlet apertures  403 . The recess  466  is configured to receive a seal member  441  included in the flow controller  440 , as described in further detail herein. The set of outlet apertures  403  includes a first outlet aperture  403   a,  a second outlet aperture  403   b,  a third outlet aperture  403   c,  a fourth outlet aperture  403   d,  and a fifth outlet aperture  403   e  that are each configured to define a different fluid flow path in fluid communication with different portions of the distribution member  429 . More specifically, the distribution member  429  defines and/or forms at least a portion of a pre-sample reservoir  470  in fluid communication with the first outlet aperture  403   a,  and a first flow channel  435   a  in fluid communication with the second outlet aperture  403   b,  second flow channel  435   b  in fluid communication with the third outlet aperture  403   b,  a third flow channel  435   c  in fluid communication with the fourth outlet aperture  403   d,  and a fourth flow channel  435  in fluid communication with the fifth outlet aperture  403   e.    
     As shown in  FIGS. 17 and 18 , the distribution member  429  defines a chamber or volume that defines at least a portion of the pre-sample reservoir  470 . The pre-sample reservoir  470  is configured to contain bodily-fluids such as, for example, blood, plasma, urine, and/or the like. The first outlet aperture  403   a  of the housing  401  can be substantially aligned with an open portion of the pre-sample reservoir  470  to allow the pre-sample reservoir  470  to receive a flow of bodily-fluid from the patient. For example, the pre-sample reservoir  470  can receive and contain a first amount or volume of the bodily-fluid, where the first amount of bodily-fluid can be a predetermined or undetermined amount. Moreover, the arrangement of the diversion mechanism  420  can be such that the pre-sample reservoir  470  is maintained in fluidic isolation from the flow channels  435   a,    435   b,    435   c,  and  435   d  and/or subsequent volumes of bodily-fluid withdrawn from the patient, as described in further detail herein. While the pre-sample reservoirs  270  and  370  are described above as maintaining a negative pressure, the pre-sample reservoir  470  does not maintain negative pressure conditions (vacuum conditions), and hence other mechanisms such as, for example, gravitational pull can be used to draw the bodily-fluid into the pre-sample reservoir  470 . 
     The flow channels  435   a - 435   d  extend radially from a center of the distribution member  429  and are arranged such that each flow channel  435   a,    435   b,    435   c,  and  435   d  is fluidically isolated from the pre-sample reservoir  470  and the other flow channels. In this manner, the flow channels  435   a,    435   b,    435   c,  and  435   d  can direct and/or otherwise define a fluid flow path between a first end portion that is substantially aligned with the outlet apertures  403   b,    403   c,    403   d,  and  403   e,  respectively, and a second end portion. As shown in  FIGS. 17 and 18 , the distribution member  429  defines a first outlet port  431  disposed at the second end portion of the first flow channel  435   a,  a second outlet port  432  disposed at the second end portion of the second flow channel  435   b,  a third outlet port  433  disposed at the second end portion of the third flow channel  435   c,  and a fourth outlet port  434  disposed at the second end portion of the fourth flow channel  435   d.  Moreover, the distribution member  429  includes a first piercing member  455   a,  a second piercing member  455   b,  a third piercing member  455   c,  and a fourth piercing member  455   d  that are physically and fluidically coupled to the first outlet port  431 , the second outlet port  432 , the third outlet port  433 , and the fourth outlet port  434 , respectively. As such, the piercing members  455   a - 355   d  can be used to puncture a vacuum seal of the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490  and  490 ′which can initiate a flow of bodily-fluid, as described in further detail herein. Although not shown in  FIGS. 17 and 18 , the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490  and  490 ′ can be physically coupled to a portion of the distribution member  429  (either directly or via an intervening structure such as sterile flexible tubing) in any suitable manner that can allow the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490 , and  490 ′ to be placed in fluid communication with the outlet ports  431 ,  432 ,  433 , and  434 , respectively 
     The flow controller  440  includes a dial  445  and a seal member  441 . The seal member  441  is disposed in the recess  466  of the housing  401  (see e.g.,  FIG. 20 ). More particularly, the flow controller  440  can be coupled to the housing  401  such that the seal member  441  is disposed between and in contact with a surface of the housing  401  defining the recess  466  and a surface of the dial  445 . Moreover, the seal member  441  can have a size and a shape such that, when the flow controller  440  is coupled to the housing  401 , the seal member  441  forms a substantially fluid tight seal with the surface of the dial  445  and the surface of the housing  401  that defines the recess  466  (see e.g.,  FIG. 20 ), as described in further detail herein. The seal member  441  can be made of any number of materials that are biocompatible such as, for example, silicone, polylactides, polyglycolides, polylactide-co-glycolides (PLGA), polyanhydrides, polyorthoesters, polyetheresters, polycaprolactones, polyesteramides, poly(butyric acid), poly(valeric acid), polyurethanes, nylons, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, polymers of ethylene-vinyl acetates and other acyl substituted cellulose acetates, polystyrenes, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, poly(vinyl imidazole), chlorosulphonate polyolefins, polyethylene oxide, and/or blends and copolymers thereof. 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , the seal member  441  defines a set of apertures  444  that can direct a flow of bodily-fluid following a venipuncture (or other method of accessing bodily-fluid). For example, the set of apertures  444  defined by the seal member  441  includes a first aperture  444   a,  a second aperture  444   b,  a third aperture  444   c,  a fourth aperture  444   d,  and a fifth aperture  444   e.  The arrangement of the seal member  441  is such that when the seal member  441  is disposed in the recess  466 , the first aperture  444   a,  the second aperture  444   b,  the third aperture  444   c,  the fourth aperture  444   d,  and the fifth aperture  444   e  are substantially aligned with the first outlet aperture  403   a,  the second outlet aperture  403   b,  the third outlet aperture  403   c,  the fourth outlet aperture  403   d,  and the fifth outlet aperture  403   e  of the housing  401 , respectively. 
     The dial  445  of the flow controller  440  is rotatably coupled to the housing  401  and movable between a first position, a second position, a third position, a fourth position, and a fifth position relative to the housing  401 . The dial  445  includes an inlet port  421  that defines a lumen  402 . The inlet port  421  can be fluidically coupled to a medical device (not shown) that defines a fluid flow pathway for withdrawing and/or conveying bodily-fluid from a patient to the collection device  400 . For example, the inlet port  421  can be fluidically coupled to a needle or other lumen-defining device (e.g., flexible sterile tubing) either directly or indirectly via an adapter  404 . Similarly stated, the inlet lumen  402  defined by the inlet port  421  is placed in fluid communication with a lumen defined by a lumen-defining device, when the lumen-defining device is coupled to the inlet port  421 . In this manner, the inlet port  421  can be configured to selectively place the pre-sample reservoir  470 , the first sample reservoir  480 , the second sample reservoir  480 ′, the third sample reservoir  490 , and the fourth sample reservoir  490 ′ in fluid communication with the patient, as described in further detail herein. 
     As described above, the dial  445  is movable between the first, the second, the third, the fourth, and the fifth positions. When the dial  445  is in the first position, the flow controller  440  is placed in a first configuration and the inlet port  421  can be substantially aligned with the first aperture  444   a  of the seal member  441  and the first outlet aperture  403   a  of the housing  401 . In this manner, first aperture  444   a  of the seal member  441  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  421  and the first outlet aperture  403   a  while fluidically isolating the inlet port  421  from the outlet apertures  403   b,    403   c,    403   d,  and  403   e  which in turn, fluidically isolates the inlet port  421  from the flow channels  435   a - 335   d.  With the first outlet port  403   a  aligned with an open portion of the pre-sample reservoir  470 , the first aperture  444   a  and the first outlet aperture  403   a  establish fluid communication between the inlet port  421  and the pre-sample reservoir  470 . When the dial  445  is rotated (or actuated) to the second position, the flow controller  440  is placed in a second configuration and the second outlet aperture  444   b  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  421  and the second outlet aperture  403   b  while fluidically isolating the inlet port  421  from the outlet apertures  403   a,    403   c,    403   d,  and  403   e.  With the second outlet aperture  403   b  aligned with the first end portion of the first flow channel  435   a,  the second aperture  444   b  and the second outlet aperture  403   b  establish fluid communication between the inlet port  421  and the first flow channel  435   a.    
     The collection device  400  works in a similar manner when the dial  445  is rotated to the third, fourth and fifth positions. Thus, when the inlet lumen  402  is placed in fluid communication with the patient (e.g., via the medical device coupled to the inlet port  421 ), the first outlet port  430 , the second outlet port  431 , the third outlet port  432 , the fourth outlet port  433 , and the fifth outlet port  434  can be selectively placed in fluid communication with the inlet lumen  402  to allow all the bodily-fluid to flow into at least one of the pre-sample reservoir  470 , or one or more of the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490  and  490 ′. In some embodiments, additional dial  445  positions corresponding to additional seal outlet apertures and/or flow controller  440  configurations can be included to further direct/isolate fluid flow between the patient and the collection device  400 . For example, the dial  445  can have a sixth position corresponding to a sixth configuration of the flow controller  440  that substantially prevents fluid flow between the patient and the collection device  400  altogether. Said another way, in some embodiments, the dial  445  can be moved to a sixth position after all bodily-fluid samples are taken from the patient to substantially seal the samples in the collection device  400  from the external environment. 
     In some embodiments, the bodily-fluid is prevented from flowing to the outlet ports associated with the sample reservoirs (e.g., outlet ports  431 - 434 ) until after a predetermined volume of bodily-fluid is collected in the pre-sample reservoir  470 . In some embodiments, the outlet ports associated with the sample reservoirs (e.g., outlet ports  431 - 434 ) can only be placed in fluid communication with the inlet lumen  402  sequentially (e.g., outlet port  431  must be in fluid communication with the inlet lumen  402  before outlet port  432 , and so on). In some embodiments, the outlet ports associated with subsequent sample reservoirs (e.g., outlet ports  432 - 434 ) can only be placed in fluid communication with the inlet lumen  402  after a confirmed volume of bodily-fluid has been collected. In some embodiments, the outlet ports associated with the sample reservoirs (e.g., outlet ports  431 - 434 ) can be placed in fluid communication with the inlet lumen  402  in any random manner without any preference for order (e.g., outlet port  434  can be in fluid communication with the inlet lumen  402  before outlet port  431 , outlet port  432  can be in fluid communication with the inlet lumen  402  before outlet port  433 , and so on). 
     In some embodiments, the housing  401  can selectively limit movement of the dial  445  from its first position to its second, third, fourth, and fifth positions. In some embodiments, the housing  401  can be configured to prevent movement of the dial  445  once it has been moved to the fifth position. Said another way, the housing  401  can include a locking mechanism that prevents the dial  445  from being moved from the fifth position back to the first position. The dial  445  and/or the housing  401  can also include mechanical detents and/or other indicators that provide visual or tactile feedback to ensure precise positioning of the dial  445  with respect to the outlet apertures  403   a - 403   e  of the housing  401 . 
     In operation, the collection device  400  can be used to collect bodily-fluids (e.g., blood, plasma, urine, and/or the like) from a patient with reduced contamination. For example, the inlet port  421  of the collection device  400  can be fluidically coupled to a needle or other lumen-defining device (e.g., flexible sterile tubing). Following venipuncture (or other method of accessing bodily-fluid), the dial  445  is actuated (or rotated) until it reaches the first position, as shown in  FIGS. 19 and 20 . Alternatively, the dial  445  can be pre-set in the first position and the collection device  400  can be otherwise sealed to preserve the sterility of the collection device  400 . For example, the inlet port  421  can include a valve that is opened when the collection device  400  is coupled to the needle or other lumen-defining device. 
     As described above, when the dial  445  is in the first position, the flow controller  440  is placed in the first configuration and the first aperture  444   a  of the seal member  441  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  421  and the first outlet port  430  (contained within the housing  401 ) while fluidically isolating the inlet port  421  from the four flow channels  435   a - 335   d.  Additionally, the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490  and  490 ′ are fluidically isolated from the inlet port  421  in the first configuration and a fluid flow path is defined between a portion of the body of a patient (e.g. a vein) and the pre-sample reservoir  470  as indicated by the arrow GG in  FIG. 20 . In this first configuration, the bodily-fluid flows (e.g., by gravitation force, vacuum, etc.) from the portion of the body of the patient through the inlet lumen  402  of the inlet port  421 , the first aperture  444   a  of the seal member  441 , the first outlet port  430 , and into the pre-sample reservoir  470 . In the first configuration, the flow controller  440  also fluidically isolates the pre-sample reservoir  470  from the flow channels  435   a - 335   d.  Thus, a first amount (predetermined or undetermined) of bodily-fluid can be received into the pre-sample reservoir  470  immediately after venipuncture and isolated from subsequent samples. In this manner, the collection device  400  can be used to prevent the first amount of bodily-fluid, which is most likely to contain bodily surface microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants, from contaminating subsequent amounts of the bodily-fluid samples that are collected and used for diagnostic or other testing that can be impacted by the contaminants. 
     Following collection of the bodily-fluid pre-sample in the pre-sample reservoir  470 , the dial  445  can be actuated (or rotated) until it reaches the second position as shown in  FIGS. 21 and 22 . When the dial  445  is in the second position, the flow controller  440  is placed in the second configuration and the second aperture  444   b  of the seal member  441  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  421  and the flow channel  435   a,  while fluidically isolating the pre-sample reservoir  470  from the inlet port  421 . Said another way, in the second configuration, the flow controller  440  establishes a fluid flow path between a portion of the body of a patient (e.g. a vein) and the flow channel  435   a,  as indicated by the arrow HH in  FIG. 22 . With the flow controller  440  in the second configuration, the sample reservoir  480  can be actuated by the user (e.g., pushed against the piercing member  455   a ) from a first configuration to a second configuration to establish fluid communication between a part of the body of a patient (e.g., a vein) and the first sample reservoir  480 . 
     As described above, moving the sample reservoir  480  to the second configuration results in the piercing member  455   a  puncturing the vacuum seal of the sample reservoir  480  to be disposed inside the sample reservoir  480 . In this second configuration, the part of the body of a patient (e.g., a vein) is exposed to vacuum suction force from the sample reservoir  480  due to the negative pressure conditions (vacuum) therein. The pressure differential between the sample reservoir  480  (e.g., vacuum or negative pressure) and the part of the body of the patient draws the bodily-fluid into the sample reservoir  480 . The bodily-fluid flows from the part of the body of a patient through the inlet lumen  402  of the inlet port  421 , the second aperture  444   b  of the seal member  441 , the second outlet aperture  403   b  of the housing  401 , and into the first flow channel  435   a.  The vacuum suction draws the flow of bodily-fluid through the first flow channel  435   a  into the sample reservoir  480  via the second outlet port  431  and the piercing member  455   a.  Said another way, in the second configuration, the flow controller  440  establishes a fluid flow path between the inlet port  421  and the sample reservoir  480 . Once a desired volume of bodily-fluid (e.g., the second amount) is collected in the sample reservoir  480 , the user can actuate (rotate) the flow controller  440  to the third position and/or move the sample reservoir  480  back to its first configuration to isolate the first sample reservoir  480  from the flow channel  435   a.  When the sample reservoir  480  is back in the first configuration, the piercing member  455   a  is removed from the sample reservoir  480  and the seal of the sample reservoir  480  (e.g., a self sealing septum) fluidically isolates the first sample reservoir  480  from the flow channel  435   a.  Filling the other sample reservoirs is done in a similar manner with the flow controller  440  being placed in the third, fourth and fifth configurations respectively. 
     Note that the order of fill and/or sequencing is not necessarily required (i.e., sample reservoir  480  does not necessarily have to be filled before sample reservoir  490 , etc.). Said another way, the first sample reservoir  480  and the second sample reservoir  490  (and any additional sample reservoirs) can be filled in any order. For example, the user can begin to fill the first sample reservoir  480  and then after the first sample reservoir  480  is partially filled, the user can fill the second sample reservoir  490 . Additionally, adjustments in the volume of the bodily-fluid collected in the sample reservoirs  480  and/or  490  can be made possible by repeated filling of the sample reservoirs  480  and/or  490 . However, in other embodiments, the order of fill can be mechanically manipulated such that the second sample reservoir cannot be accessed until a specified amount of bodily-fluid is confirmed to have been placed into the first reservoir and so on. As described above, the dial  445  can have a sixth position corresponding to a sixth configuration of the flow controller  440  that can substantially prevent fluid flow between the patient and the collection device  400  altogether to substantially seal the samples in the collection device  400  from the external environment. 
     Although the collection device  400  is shown and described above as including and/or otherwise coupling to a set of four sample reservoirs (e.g., the first sample reservoir  480 , the second sample reservoir  480 ′, the third reservoir  490 , and the fourth reservoir  490 ′), in other embodiments, a collection device can include and/or can be coupled to any suitable number of sample reservoirs. For example  FIGS. 23-25  illustrate a collection device  500  according to an embodiment. As shown, certain aspects of the collection device  500  can be substantially similar to corresponding aspects of the collection device  500  described above with reference to  FIGS. 16-22 . Thus, similar aspects are not described in further detail herein. 
     The collection device  500  includes a diversion mechanism  520 , a flow controller  540 , a first sample reservoir  580 , and a second sample reservoir  590 . The sample reservoirs  580  and  590  can be substantially similar to the sample reservoirs described in detail above. In some embodiments, the sample reservoirs  580  and  590  can have substantially the same shape and size and can include substantially the same culture medium. In other embodiments, the sample reservoirs  580  and  590  can have substantially the same shape and size and can include one of an aerobic culture medium or an anaerobic culture medium. In still other embodiments, the first sample reservoir  580  can have a first size that is substantially larger than a size of the second sample reservoir  590 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 24 and 25 , the diversion mechanism  520  includes a housing  501  and a distribution member  529 . The housing  501  of the diversion mechanism  520  is physically and fluidically coupled to the distribution member  529 , and provides and/or defines a set of fluid flow pathways for collecting bodily-fluids from the patient. As described above with reference to the housing  401 , the housing  501  can defines a recess and a first outlet aperture  503   a,  a second outlet aperture  503   b,  and a third outlet aperture  503   c.  The recess is configured to receive a seal member  541  included in the flow controller  540 , as described in detail above. The first outlet aperture  503   a,  the second outlet aperture  503   b,  and the third outlet aperture  503   c  can be substantially similar in form and function as the first outlet aperture  403   a,  the second outlet aperture  403   b,  and the third outlet aperture  403   c,  respectively, defined by the housing  401 . Similarly, the distribution member  529  defines a pre-sample reservoir  570 , a first flow channel  535   a,  and a second flow channel  535   b  that are substantially similar to the pre-sample reservoir  470 , the first flow channel  435   a,  and the second flow channel  435   b  included in the diversion member  429 . As such, the pre-sample reservoir  570  is in fluid communication with the first outlet aperture  503   a,  the first flow channel  535   a  is in fluid communication with the second outlet aperture  503   b,  and the second flow channel  535   b  is in fluid communication with the third outlet aperture  503   c,  as described above with reference to the diversion mechanism  420 . As shown in  FIG. 25 , the distribution member  529  defines a first outlet port  531  in fluid communication with the first flow channel  535   a  and a first piercing member  555   a,  and a second outlet port  532  in fluid communication with the second flow channel  535   b  and a second piercing member  555   b.  As described above, the piercing members  555   a  and  555   b  can be used to puncture a vacuum seal of the sample reservoirs  580  and  590  which can initiate a flow of bodily-fluid, as described in further detail herein. 
     The flow controller  540  includes a dial  545  and a seal member  541 . The seal member  541  is disposed in the recess of the housing  501 , as described above. In this manner, when the flow controller  540  is coupled to the housing  501 , the seal member  541  forms a substantially fluid tight seal with a surface of the dial  545  and the surface of the housing  501  that defines the recess. As shown in  FIGS. 24 and 25 , the seal member  541  defines a first aperture  544   a,  a second aperture  544   b,  and a third aperture  544   c  that are substantially aligned with the first outlet aperture  503   a,  the second outlet aperture  503   b,  and the third outlet aperture  503   c,  respectively, as described in detail above with reference to the seal member  441 . 
     The dial  545  of the flow controller  540  can be substantially similar in form and function as the dial  445 , while having a size that is suitable for coupling to the housing  501 . As such, the dial  545  can be rotatably coupled to the housing  501  and movable between a first position, a second position, and a third position relative to the housing  501 . The dial  545  includes an inlet port  521  that defines a lumen  502  and that can be fluidically coupled to a medical device (not shown) that defines a fluid flow pathway for withdrawing and/or conveying bodily-fluid from a patient to the collection device  500 . In this manner, the inlet port  521  can be configured to selectively place the pre-sample reservoir  570 , the first sample reservoir  580 , and the second sample reservoir  590 . More particularly, when the dial  545  is in the first position, the flow controller  540  is placed in a first configuration and the inlet port  521  is substantially aligned with the first aperture  544   a  of the seal member  541  and the first outlet aperture  503   a  of the housing  501 . In this manner, the first aperture  544   a  of the seal member  541  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  521  and the first outlet aperture  503   a  and hence, places the inlet port  521  in fluid communication with the pre-sample reservoir  570 , as described in detail above with reference to the collection device  400 . Similarly, when the dial  545  is rotated (or actuated) to the second position, the flow controller  540  is placed in a second configuration and the second outlet aperture  544   b  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  521  and the second outlet aperture  503   b  and hence, the first flow channel  535   a;  and when the dial  545  is rotated to the third position, the flow controller  540  is placed in a third configuration and the third outlet aperture  544   c  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  521  and the third outlet aperture  503   c  and hence, the second flow channel  535   a.  In this manner, the collection device  500  can be used to transfer a first volume of a bodily-fluid to the pre-sample  570  and subsequently used to transfer a second volume and a third volume of the bodily-fluid to the first sample reservoir  580  and the second sample reservoir  590 , respectively, as described in detail above with reference to the collection device  400 . 
       FIGS. 26-33  illustrate a collection device  600  according to an embodiment. The collection device  600  includes a diversion mechanism  620 , a flow controller  640 , and sample reservoirs  680 ,  680 ′,  690  and  690 ′. As further described herein, the collection device  600  can be moved between a first, a second, a third, a fourth, and a fifth configuration to deliver a flow of a bodily-fluid that is substantially free from microbes exterior the body, such as, for example, dermally residing microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants. The collection device  600  can be any suitable shape, size, or configuration. For example, aspects and/or portions of the collection device  600  can be substantially similar in form and/or function as corresponding aspects and/or portions of any of the collection devices  100 ,  200 ,  300 ,  400 , and/or  500  described above. Thus, such similar aspects and/or portions are not described in further detail herein. By way of example, in some embodiments, the sample reservoirs  680 ,  680 ′,  690 , and  690 ′ of the collection device  600  can be substantially similar and/or the same in form and function as the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490 , and  490 ′, respectively, included in the collection device  400  of  FIGS. 16-22 . 
     The diversion mechanism  620  includes a distribution member  629  and a set of coupling members  637   a,    637   b,    637   c,  and  637   d  (see e.g.,  FIG. 27 ). The distribution member  629  is in fluid communication with the coupling members  637   a,    637   b,    637   c,  and  637   d  and is configured to provide and/or define a set of fluid flow pathways for collecting bodily-fluids from the patient. As shown in  FIGS. 27 and 28 , the distribution member  629  defines and/or forms a first outlet port  630  in fluid communication with a pre-sample reservoir  670 , a second outlet port  631  in fluid communication with the first coupling member  637   a,  a third outlet port  632  in fluid communication with the second coupling portion  637   b,  a fourth outlet port  633  in fluid communication with the third coupling portion  637   c,  and a fifth outlet port  634  in fluid communication with the fourth coupling portion  637   d.    
     As shown in  FIG. 28 , the distribution member  629  defines a chamber or volume that defines at least a portion of the pre-sample reservoir  670 . The pre-sample reservoir  670  is configured to contain bodily-fluids such as, for example, blood, plasma, urine, and/or the like. For example, the pre-sample reservoir  670  can receive and contain a first amount or volume of the bodily-fluid from the patient, where the first amount of bodily-fluid can be a predetermined or undetermined amount. Moreover, the arrangement of the diversion mechanism  620  and the flow controller  640  can be such that the pre-sample reservoir  670  is maintained in fluidic isolation from the coupling portions  637   a,    637   b,    637   c,  and  637   d  and/or subsequent volumes of bodily-fluid withdrawn from the patient, as described in further detail herein. In this manner, the outlet ports  631 ,  632 ,  633 , and  634  can direct and/or otherwise define a fluid flow path between the flow controller  640  and the coupling members  637   a,    637   b,    637   c,  and  637   d,  respectively, as described in further detail herein. In some embodiments, the arrangement of the first outlet port  630  and the pre-sample reservoir  670  can be substantially similar in form and function as the pre-sample reservoirs  470  and/or  570 . Thus, the pre-sample reservoir  670  is not described in further detail herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 29 , the first coupling member  637   a  defines a flow channel  638   a  that is fluidically coupled to a piercing member  655   a.  As described above, the coupling member  637   a  can be physically and fluidically coupled to the distribution member  629 . For example, the flow channel  638   a  can receive a portion of the second outlet port  631  of the distribution member to physically and fluidically couple the coupling member  637   a  thereto. In some embodiments, a surface of the second outlet port  631  can form a substantially fluid tight seal with an inner surface of the coupling portion  637   a  defining the flow channel  638   a  (e.g., a friction fit that can form a substantially hermetic seal). The piercing member  655   a  of the coupling portion  637   a  can be substantially similar in form and function as the piercing member  455   a  included in the collection device  400  of  FIGS. 16-22 . Thus, the piercing member  655   a  is not described in further detail herein. The second coupling member  637   b,  the third coupling member  637   c,  and the fourth coupling member  637   d  are similarly arranged. As such, the second coupling member  637   b,  the third coupling member  637   c,  and the fourth coupling member  637   d  each include a piercing member  655   b,    655   c,  and  655   d,  respectively, and each define a flow channel  638   b,    638   c,  and  638   d,  respectively. As described in further detail herein, the first coupling member  637   a,  the second coupling member  637   b,  the third coupling member  637   c,  and the fourth coupling member  637   d  can be used to selectively place the diversion mechanism  620  in fluid communication with the first sample reservoir  680 , the second sample reservoir  680 ′, the third sample reservoir  690 , and the fourth sample reservoir  690 ′, respectively. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 30 and 31 , the flow controller  640  includes a dial  645  and a seal member  641 . The dial  645  of the flow controller  640  is rotatably disposed within the distribution member  629  (see e.g.,  FIGS. 32 and 33 ) and is movable between a first position, a second position, a third position, and a fourth position. The dial  645  includes an inlet port  621 , a first outlet port  647 , and a second outlet port  648  that are each in fluid communication with an inner volume  646  (see e.g.,  FIG. 30 ). The inner volume  646  is configured to receive a portion of the seal member  641 , as described in further detail herein. The inlet port  621  can be fluidically coupled to a medical device (not shown) that defines a fluid flow pathway for withdrawing and/or conveying bodily-fluid from a patient to the collection device  600 . For example, the inlet port  621  can be fluidically coupled to a needle or other lumen-defining device (e.g., flexible sterile tubing) either directly or indirectly via an adapter  604  (see e.g.,  FIGS. 26 and 27 ). The first outlet port  647  is in fluid communication with the pre-sample reservoir  670 . For example, the first outlet port  647  can be rotatably disposed in the first outlet port  630  of the distribution member  629 . The second outlet port  648  can be selectively placed in fluid communication with the second outlet port  631 , the third outlet port  632 , the fourth outlet port  633 , and the fifth outlet port  634  when the dial  645  is in its first position, second position, third position, and fourth position, respectively. In this manner, the inner volume  646  of the dial  645  can be selectively placed in fluid communication with the pre-sample reservoir  670 , the first sample reservoir  680 , the second sample reservoir  680 ′, the third sample reservoir  690 , and the fourth sample reservoir  690 ′, as described in further detail herein. 
     At least a portion of the seal member  641  of the flow controller  640  is rotatably disposed in the inner volume  646  of the dial  645  and movable between a first position and a second position. Moreover, the seal member  641  can have a size and a shape such that an outer surface of the seal member  641  forms a substantially fluid tight seal with an inner surface of the dial  645  that defines at least a portion of the inner volume  646 . As shown in  FIG. 31 , the seal member  641  defines a first flow channel  642  and a second flow channel  644 . When the seal member  641  is in its first position within the inner volume  646 , the first flow channel  642  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  621  and the first outlet port  647  while fluidically isolating the inlet port  621  from the second outlet port  648 . Similarly, when the seal member  641  is in its second position within the inner volume  646 , the second flow channel  644  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  621  and the second outlet port  648  while fluidically isolating the inlet port  621  from the first outlet port  647 . The collection device  600  works in a similar manner when the dial  645  is rotated to the second, third, and fourth positions within the distribution member  629 . Thus, when the inlet port  621  is placed in fluid communication with the patient (e.g., via the medical device coupled to the inlet port  621  and/or he adapter  604 ), the first outlet port  630 , the second outlet port  631 , the third outlet port  632 , the fourth outlet port  633 , and the fifth outlet port  634  of the distribution member  629  can be selectively placed in fluid communication with the inlet port  621  to allow the bodily-fluid to flow into the pre-sample reservoir  670 , the first sample reservoir  680 , the second sample reservoir  680 ′, the third sample reservoir  690 , and the fourth sample reservoir  690 ′, respectively. 
     In operation, the collection device  600  can be used to collect bodily-fluids (e.g., blood, plasma, urine, and/or the like) from a patient with reduced contamination. For example, the inlet port  621  of the collection device  600  can be fluidically coupled to a needle or other lumen-defining device (e.g., flexible sterile tubing). Following venipuncture (or other method of accessing bodily-fluid), the seal member  641  can be actuated (or rotated) until in its first position, as shown in  FIG. 32 . Alternatively, the seal member  641  can be pre-set in the first position and the collection device  600  can be otherwise sealed to preserve the sterility of the collection device  600 . When the seal member  641  is in its first position, the flow controller  640  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  621  and the first outlet port  630  of the distribution member  629  while fluidically isolating the inlet port  621  from the coupling members  637   a,    637   b,    637   c,  and  637   d.  Thus, as indicated by the arrow II in  FIG. 32 , bodily-fluid can be transferred from the patient, through the inlet port  621 , the first flow channel  642 , the first outlet port  647  of the dial  645 , and the first outlet port  630  of the distribution member  629 , and into the pre-sample reservoir  670  in a similar manner as described above with reference to the collection device  400 . 
     Following collection of the bodily-fluid pre-sample in the pre-sample reservoir  670 , the seal member  641  can be actuated (e.g., rotated) from its first position to its second position relative to the dial  645 . Similarly, the dial  645  can be actuated (or rotated) until it reaches the second position relative to the distribution member  629 , as shown in  FIG. 33 . When the seal member  641  and the dial  645  are in the second position, the flow controller  640  is placed in a second configuration and the second flow channel  644  of the seal member  641  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  621  and the flow channel  638   a  of the first coupling member  637   a,  while fluidically isolating the pre-sample reservoir  670  from the inlet port  621 . With the flow controller  640  in the second configuration, the sample reservoir  680  can be actuated by the user (e.g., pushed against the piercing member  655   a ) from a first configuration to a second configuration to establish fluid communication between a part of the body of a patient (e.g., a vein) and the first sample reservoir  680 . As described in detail above, moving the sample reservoir  680  to the second configuration results in the piercing member  655   a  puncturing the vacuum seal of the sample reservoir  680  to be disposed inside the sample reservoir  680 . In this second configuration, the part of the body of a patient (e.g., a vein) is exposed to vacuum suction force from the sample reservoir  680  due to the negative pressure conditions (vacuum) therein. Thus, bodily-fluid can be urged to flow from the part of the body of a patient through the inlet port  621 , the second flow channel  644 , the second outlet port  631 , and the flow channel  638   a  and piercing member  655   a  of the first coupling member  637   a,  and into the first sample reservoir  680 , as indicated by the arrow JJ in  FIG. 33 . 
     Once a desired volume of bodily-fluid (e.g., the second amount) is collected in the sample reservoir  680 , the user can actuate (rotate) the flow controller  640  to the third position and/or move the sample reservoir  680  back to its first configuration to isolate the first sample reservoir  680  from the second flow channel  644 . When the sample reservoir  680  is back in the first configuration, the piercing member  655   a  is removed from the sample reservoir  680  and the seal of the sample reservoir  680  (e.g., a self sealing septum) fluidically isolates the first sample reservoir  680  from the flow channel  635   a.  Filling the other sample reservoirs is done in a similar manner with the flow controller  640  being placed in the third, fourth and fifth configurations respectively. 
       FIGS. 34-40  present a collection device  700  according to an embodiment. The collection device  700  includes a diversion mechanism  720 , a flow controller  740 , and sample reservoirs  780  and  790  (although there are holders present for four sample reservoirs, only two sample reservoirs are included in the figures for purposes of clarity and additional sample reservoirs (e.g. a fifth, sixth and so on) may be included as part of the collection device  700 ). As further described herein, the collection device  700  can be moved between a first, a second, a third, a fourth, and a fifth configuration to deliver a flow of a bodily-fluid that is substantially free from microbes exterior to the body, such as, for example, dermally residing microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants. The collection device  700  can be any suitable shape, size, or configuration. For example, aspects and/or portions of the collection device  700  can be substantially similar in form and/or function as corresponding aspects and/or portions of any of the collection devices  100 ,  200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  500 , and/or  600  described above. Thus, such similar aspects and/or portions are not described in further detail herein. By way of example, in some embodiments, the sample reservoirs  780  and  790  of the collection device  700  can be substantially similar and/or the same in form and function as the sample reservoirs  480  and  490 , respectively, included in the collection device  400  of  FIGS. 16-22 . 
     The diversion mechanism  720  includes a housing  701 , a distribution member  729 , and a base plate  771 . As described above with reference to the collection device  400 , the housing  701  defines a first outlet aperture  703   a,  a second outlet aperture  703   b,  a third outlet aperture  703   c,  a fourth outlet aperture  703   d,  and a fifth outlet aperture  703   e  that are each configured to be in fluid communication with a different portion of the distribution member  729 . More specifically, the distribution member  729  defines and/or forms at least a portion of a pre-sample reservoir  770  in fluid communication with the first outlet aperture  703   a,  and a first fluid chamber  735   a  in fluid communication with the second outlet aperture  703   b,  a second fluid chamber  735   b  in fluid communication with the third outlet aperture  703   b,  a third fluid chamber  735   c  in fluid communication with the fourth outlet aperture  703   d,  and a fourth fluid chamber  735   d  in fluid communication with the fifth outlet aperture  703   e.  Furthermore, the housing  701  defines a recess  766  that is configured to movably receive at least a portion of the flow controller  740 , as described in further detail herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 36 , the distribution member  729  defines a chamber or volume that forms at least a portion of the pre-sample reservoir  770 . The pre-sample reservoir  770  is configured to contain bodily-fluids such as, for example, blood, plasma, urine, and/or the like. The first outlet aperture  703   a  of the housing  701  can be substantially aligned with an open portion of the pre-sample reservoir  770  to allow the pre-sample reservoir  770  to receive a flow of bodily-fluid from the patient, as described in detail above. Expanding further, the distribution member  729  includes a set of walls  736  that can, for example, divide an inner volume of the distribution member  729  into portions and/or volumes that are fluidically isolated from one another. For example, as shown in  FIG. 36 , the set of walls  736  can divide an inner volume of the distribution member  729  into the pre-sample reservoir  770 , the first fluid chambers  735   a,  the second fluid chamber  735   b,  the third fluid chamber  735   c,  and the fourth fluid chamber  735   d.  In some embodiments, the walls  736  can define and/or form the pre-sample reservoir  770  and the fluid chambers  735   a - 735   d  equally. In other embodiments, the pre-sample reservoir  770  can have define a volume that is different from a volume defined by the fluid chambers  735   a - 735   d.    
     The distribution member  729  further includes a first piercing member  755   a,  a second piercing member  755   b,  a third piercing member  755   c,  and a fourth piercing member  755   d  that are in fluid communication with the first fluid chamber  735   a,  the second fluid chamber  735   b,  the third fluid chamber  735   c,  and the fourth fluid chamber  735   d,  respectively. As such, the piercing members  755   a - 355   d  can be used to puncture a vacuum seal of the sample reservoirs  780  and  790  (and corresponding sample reservoirs not shown in  FIGS. 34-40 ) which can initiate a flow of bodily-fluid, as described in further detail herein. 
     The flow controller  740  of the collection device  700  includes a dial  745  and a seal member  741 . The seal member  741  is disposed in the recess  766  of the housing  701  (see e.g.,  FIGS. 38 and 40 ). More particularly, the flow controller  740  can be coupled to the housing  701  such that the seal member  741  is disposed between and in contact with a surface of the housing  701  defining the recess  766  and a surface of the dial  745 . The seal member  741  can be configured to form a substantially fluid tight seal with the surface of the dial  745  and the surface of the housing  701  that defines the recess  766 , as described in detail above. As shown in  FIG. 35 , the seal member  741  defines a first aperture  744   a,  a second aperture  744   b,  a third aperture  744   c,  a fourth aperture  744   d,  and a fifth aperture  744   e.  The arrangement of the seal member  741  is such that when the seal member  741  is disposed in the recess  766 , the first aperture  744   a,  the second aperture  744   b,  the third aperture  744   c,  the fourth aperture  744   d,  and the fifth aperture  744   e  are substantially aligned with the first outlet aperture  703   a,  the second outlet aperture  703   b,  the third outlet aperture  703   c,  the fourth outlet aperture  703   d,  and the fifth outlet aperture  703   e  of the housing  701 , respectively. 
     The dial  745  of the flow controller  740  is rotatably coupled to the housing  701  and movable between a first position, a second position, a third position, a fourth position, and a fifth position relative to the housing  701 . The dial  745  includes an inlet port  721  that can be fluidically coupled to a medical device (either directly or indirectly via an adapter  704 ) that defines a fluid flow pathway for withdrawing and/or conveying bodily-fluid from a patient to the collection device  700 . In this manner, the inlet port  721  can be configured to selectively place the pre-sample reservoir  770 , the first sample reservoir  780 , the second sample reservoir  780 ′, the third sample reservoir  790 , and the fourth sample reservoir  790 ′ in fluid communication with the patient, as described in further detail herein. When the dial  745  is in the first position, the flow controller  740  is placed in a first configuration and the inlet port  721  can be substantially aligned with the first aperture  744   a  of the seal member  741  and the first outlet aperture  703   a  of the housing  701 . In this manner, first aperture  744   a  of the seal member  741  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  721  and the first outlet aperture  703   a  while fluidically isolating the inlet port  721  from the outlet apertures  703   b,    703   c,    703   d,  and  703   e  which in turn, fluidically isolates the inlet port  721  from the fluid chambers  735   a - 335   d.  When the dial  745  is rotated (or actuated) to the second position, the flow controller  740  is placed in a second configuration and the second outlet aperture  744   b  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  721  and the second outlet aperture  703   b  while fluidically isolating the inlet port  721  from the pre-sample reservoir  770  and the fluid chambers  735   b - 735   d.  The collection device  700  works in a similar manner when the dial  745  is rotated to the third, fourth and fifth positions. Thus, when the inlet port  721  is placed in fluid communication with the patient (e.g., via the medical device coupled to the inlet port  721 ), the first outlet aperture  703   a,  the second outlet aperture  703   b,  the third outlet aperture  703   c,  the fourth outlet aperture  703   d,  and the fifth outlet aperture  703   e  can be selectively placed in fluid communication with the inlet port  721  to allow all the bodily-fluid to flow into at least one of the pre-sample reservoir  770 , first sample reservoir  780 , or the second sample reservoir  790  (or any other fluid reservoir coupled thereto). 
     In some embodiments, the housing  701  can selectively limit movement of the dial  745  from its first position to its second, third, fourth, and fifth positions. In some other embodiments, the housing  701  can be configured to prevent movement of the dial once it has been moved to the fifth position. Said another way, the housing  701  can include a locking mechanism to that prevents the dial  745  from being moved from the fifth position back to the first position. This feature can reduce the risk of contaminating the bodily-fluid collected in the flow chambers  735   a - 735   d  and/or sample reservoirs  780  and  790  from the bodily-fluid contained in the pre-sample reservoir  770  (which has a high risk of containing surface bound microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants). This locking mechanism can also protect health care practitioners from exposure to blood-borne pathogens in patient samples which can include HIV, Hepatitis C, etc. The dial  745  and/or the housing  701  can also include mechanical detents and/or other indicators that provide visual or tactile feedback to ensure precise positioning of the dial  745  with respect to the outlet port  703   a  and outlet apertures  703   a - 703   d  in the housing  701 . 
     Similar to the embodiments of the collection device  400  presented in  FIGS. 16-22 , the collection device  700  includes a pre-sample reservoir  770  that is a chamber contained within the distribution member  729 . The pre-sample reservoir  770  can contain bodily-fluids such as, for example, blood, plasma, urine, and/or the like. The pre-sample reservoir  770  is configured to be fluidically coupled to the first outlet port  703   a  of the collection device  700  (located in the housing  701 ). During operation of the collection device  700 , when the flow controller  740  is in the first position, bodily-fluid is drawn from a part of the body of a patient (e.g., a vein) into the pre-sample reservoir  770 , the aperture for the pre-sample reservoir  744   a  located in the seal member  741 , and the first outlet port  703   a,  via the inlet port  721 . The pre-sample reservoir  770  is configured to contain the first amount of the bodily-fluid withdrawn from the patient, where the first amount of bodily-fluid can be a pre-determined or undetermined amount, such that the first amount of bodily-fluid is fluidically isolated from a second and/or third and/or fourth and/or fifth amount of the bodily-fluid that is subsequently withdrawn from the patient. 
     In operation, the collection device  700  can be used to collect bodily-fluids (e.g., blood, plasma, urine, etc.) from a patient with reduced contamination. For example, the inlet port  721  of the collection device  700  can be fluidically coupled to a needle or other lumen-defining device (e.g., flexible sterile tubing). Following venipuncture, the dial  745  is rotated until it reaches the first position, as shown in  FIGS. 37 and 38 . Alternatively, the dial  745  can be pre-set in the first position and the collection device  700  can be otherwise sealed to preserve the sterility of the collection device  700 , as described above. With the dial  745  in the first position, the flow controller  740  is placed in a first configuration and the first outlet aperture  744   a  of the seal member  741  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  721  and the first outlet port  703   a  (contained within the housing  701 ) while fluidically isolating the inlet port  721  from the four sample flow channels  735   a - 735   d.  In this first configuration, the bodily-fluid flows from the portion of the body of the patient through the inlet port  721 , the first outlet aperture  744   a  of the seal member  741 , the first outlet port  703   a  of the housing  701 , and into the pre-sample reservoir  770  defined by the distribution member  770 , as indicated by the arrow KK in  FIG. 38 . Thus, a first amount (pre-determined or undetermined) of bodily-fluid can be received into the pre-sample reservoir  770  immediately after venipuncture and isolated from subsequent samples, as described in detail above. 
     Following collection of the bodily-fluid pre-sample in the pre-sample reservoir  770 , the dial  745  can be actuated (or rotated) until it reaches the second position as shown in  FIGS. 39 and 40 . When the dial  745  is in the second position, the flow controller  740  is placed in a second configuration and the second outlet aperture  744   a  of the seal member  741  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  721  and the first fluid chamber  735   a  while fluidically isolating the pre-sample reservoir  770  from the inlet port  721 . Once the first fluid chamber  735   a  is filled with the bodily-fluid, the flow controller  740  can be moved to a third position to isolate and seal the first fluid channel  735   a  from an external environment. Additionally, the sample reservoir  780  can be actuated from the first configuration to the second configuration to transfer the bodily-fluid from the first fluid chamber  735   a  to the sample reservoir  780 . For example, the sample reservoir  780  can be actuated (pushed against the piercing member  755   a ) from the first configuration to the second configuration by the user, or automatically, to establish fluid communication between a part of the body of a patient (e.g., a vein) and the sample reservoir  780 . As described above, moving the sample reservoir  780  to the second configuration causes the piercing member  755   a  to puncture the vacuum seal of the sample reservoir  780 , and be disposed inside the sample reservoir  780 . In the second configuration, the part of the body of a patient (e.g., a vein) is exposed to vacuum suction from the sample reservoir  780  due to the negative pressure conditions (vacuum) that in certain embodiments exist inside the sample reservoir  780 . Thus, bodily-fluid flows from the part of the body of the patient through the inlet port  721 , the second outlet aperture  744   b  of the seal member  741 , the second outlet aperture  703   b  of the housing  701 , the second fluid chamber  735   b,  and into the first sample reservoir  780 , as indicated by the arrow LL in  FIG. 40 . 
     Once a desired volume of bodily-fluid (e.g., the second amount) is collected in the sample reservoir  780 , the user can actuate (rotate) the flow controller  740  to the third position and/or move the sample reservoir  780  back to its first configuration to isolate the first sample reservoir  780  from the inlet port  721 . When the sample reservoir  780  is back in the first configuration, the piercing member  755   a  is removed from the sample reservoir  780  and the seal of the sample reservoir  780  (e.g., a self sealing septum) fluidically isolates the first sample reservoir  780  from the second fluid chamber  735   b  and the external environment. Filling the other sample reservoirs is done in an identical manner with the flow controller  740  in the third, fourth and fifth configurations respectively. 
     In some embodiments, the collection device  700  can be constructed such that the set of walls  736  separating the different fluid chambers  735   a - 735   d  in the distribution member  729  are not present (see detailed cross-sectional view in  FIG. 16 ). In such embodiments, the distribution member  729  is divided between a pre-sample reservoir  770  and a combined fluid chamber  735  (i.e. the fluid chambers are not separated into four separate sections by the walls  736 ). In such embodiments, the user can fill all four sample reservoirs at one time by actuating (rotating) the dial  745  to either the second, third, fourth or fifth positions. 
     Any of the embodiments described herein can be used with, for example, a metering device that can be used to meter (e.g., quantify) a flow of bodily-fluid into a pre-sample reservoir and/or a sample reservoir. In some instances, laboratory standard practices do not ensure consistent compliance with accurate inoculation volumes of bodily-fluids (e.g., blood specimens) due to the fact that the fill volume is visually determined by the clinician and/or phlebotomist and is thus subject to human error. The fact that the volume indicators on the blood collection bottle are difficult to read when being held and that often the collection bottle is not held upright during the draw procedure can contribute to inaccurate volumes of a bodily-fluid sample received from a patient. Insufficient sample volumes (e.g., below the manufacturer&#39;s recommendation) can decrease the sensitivity of culture tests, leading to false-negative results. Additionally, fill volumes above manufacturer&#39;s recommendations can cause false-positivity as is indicated in overview materials and instructions for use for specific types of testing supplies and apparatuses (e.g., blood culture bottles designed for use with automated microbial detection systems produced by manufacturers such as Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, N.J.). Thus, flow metering and volume display features can allow a lab technician and/or a health care practitioner (e.g. phlebotomist) to confirm the volume of bodily-fluid that is collected into each individual sample reservoir before placing the sample reservoirs in an incubator or into other laboratory test equipment depending on how the sample needs to be processed. The lab technician and/or phlebotomist can also record (e.g., in a medical record, database, spreadsheet, etc.) the precise volume information for a clinician to evaluate when results are received, thereby helping reduce the possibility of misinterpretation of false-negative and/or false-positive results. 
     By way of example,  FIGS. 41-45  illustrate a collection device  800  that can include one or more metering devices. The collection device  800  includes a diversion mechanism  820 , a flow controller  840 , a display  875 , and a sample reservoir  880 . As further described herein, the collection device  800  can be moved between a first, a second, and a third configuration to deliver a flow of a bodily-fluid that is substantially free from microbes exterior to the body, such as, for example, dermally residing microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants. The collection device  800  can be any suitable shape, size, or configuration. For example, aspects and/or portions of the collection device  600  can be substantially similar in form and/or function as corresponding aspects and/or portions of any of the collection devices  100 ,  200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  500 ,  600 , and/or  700  described above. Thus, such similar aspects and/or portions are not described in further detail herein. By way of example, in some embodiments, the sample reservoir  880  of the collection device  800  can be substantially similar and/or the same in form and function as the sample reservoir  480  included in the collection device  400  of  FIGS. 16-22 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 41-43 , the diversion mechanism  820  includes an actuator portion  822  (e.g., a first portion), a medial portion  823  (e.g., a second portion), and a coupling portion  824  (e.g., a third portion). The actuator portion  822  of the diversion mechanism  820  is substantially cylindrical including a set of annular walls that define an inner volume  806 . More specifically, the actuator portion  822  includes a first end portion that is substantially closed and a second end portion, opposite the first end portion, that is substantially open to allow access to the inner volume  806 . In this manner, the actuator portion  822  can movably receive at least a portion of the flow controller  840 , as described in further detail herein. The actuator portion  822  further includes an inlet port  821  and an outlet port  831 . The inlet port  821  can be fluidically coupled to a medical device (either directly or indirectly via an adapter  804 ) that defines a fluid flow pathway for withdrawing and/or conveying bodily-fluid from a patient to the collection device  800 , as described in detail above. 
     The outlet port  831  of the actuator portion  822  can selectively place a portion of the inner volume  806  of the actuator portion  822  in fluid communication with an inner volume  807  defined by the medial portion  823 . As shown in  FIG. 43 , the medial portion  823  is disposed between the actuator portion  822  and the coupling portion  824 . Although not shown in  FIGS. 41-45  the medial portion  823  can include a metering device that can be configured to meter a volume of bodily-fluid that is transferred, for example, to the sample reservoir  880 . For example, in some embodiments, the flow metering device can be fluidically coupled to the outlet port  831  to meter a flow of bodily-fluid therethrough. As shown in  FIGS. 41 and 42 , the medial portion  823  includes a display  875  that can provide, to a user, a visual indicator and/or information that is associated with, for example, a volume of bodily-fluid that has flowed through the outlet port  831 . In other embodiments, the flow metering device can be positioned at any other suitable position in or along the diversion mechanism  820 . 
     The coupling portion  824  can be physically and fluidically coupled to the medial portion  823 . For example, in some embodiments, the coupling portion  824  can be partially disposed in the inner volume  807  of the medial portion  823  and at least temporarily coupled thereto via a friction fit, a press fit, a snap fit, a threaded coupling, an adhesive, and/or the like. The coupling portion  824  is configured to receive a portion of the sample reservoir  880  and includes a piercing member  855  that can be used to puncture a vacuum seal of the sample reservoir  880  which can initiate a flow of bodily-fluid, as described in detail above. 
     The flow controller  840  of the collection device  800  is at least partially disposed in the inner volume  806  defined by the actuator portion  822  and is movable between a first configuration, a second configuration, and a third configuration. As shown in  FIGS. 42 and 43 , the flow controller  840  includes a movable member  850  having a first seal member  861 , a second seal member  862 , and a third seal member  863 , and a bias member  859  (e.g., a spring or the like). The seal members  861 ,  862 , and  863  are in contact with an inner surface of the actuator portion  822  that defines the inner volume  806 . As such the seal members  861 ,  862 , and  863  can each form a substantially fluid tight seal with the inner surface that can, for example, divide the inner volume  806  of the actuator portion  822  into fluidically isolated portions, as described in further detail herein. 
     The movable member  850  is movable within the inner volume  806  between a first position, a second position, and a third position. The arrangement of the movable member  850  can be such that as the movable member  850  is moved between its first, second, and third positions, the seal members  861 ,  862 , and  863  are selectively moved within the inner volume  806 . More specifically, the first seal member  861  can be moved concurrently with the movable member  850  as the movable member  850  is moved between its first position, second position, and third position. The second seal member  862  and the third seal member  863  can be fixedly coupled to each other (e.g., disposed at a fixed distance from each other) and slidably disposed about a portion of the movable member  850  which can allow the movable member  850  to move from its first position (see e.g.,  FIG. 43 ) to its second position (see e.g.,  FIG. 44 ), while the second seal member  862  and the third seal member  863  remain in a substantially fixed position relative to the actuator portion  822 . For example, the second seal member  862  and the third seal member  863  can remain in a substantially fixed position as the movable member  850  is moved between its first position and the second position such that the inlet port  821  is disposed on a first side of the second seal member  862 , while the outlet port  831  is disposed on a second side, opposite the first side, of the second seal member  862 . Thus, when the movable member  850  is in its first position ( FIG. 43 ) and its second position ( FIG. 44 ), the inlet port  821  is in fluid communication with a portion of the inner volume  806  defined between a first seal member  861  and the second seal member  862  and the outlet port is in fluid communication with the a portion of the inner volume  806  defined between the second seal member  862  and the third seal member  863 , as described in further detail herein. 
     The arrangement of the flow controller  840  can be such that the first seal member  861  is moved relative to the second seal member  862  and the third seal member  863  when the movable member  850  is moved from its first position to its second position. The movement of the first seal member  861  relative to the second seal member  862  can be such that a space defined therebetween is increased, which can form and/or otherwise define a pre-sample reservoir  870 . Moreover, with the seal members  861  and  862  forming substantially fluid tight seals with the inner surface of the actuator portion  822 , the pre-sample reservoir  870  defined between the first seal member  861  and the second seal member  862  is fluidically isolated from other portions of the inner volume  806 . Thus, the inlet port  821  can be in fluid communication with the pre-sample reservoir  870  when the movable member  850  is moved from its first position to its second position. When the movable member  850  is moved from its second position (see e.g.,  FIG. 44 ) to its third position (see e.g.,  FIG. 45 ), a portion of the movable member  850  can contact the third seal member  863  to move the first seal member  861 , the second seal member  862 , and the third seal member  863  substantially concurrently within the inner volume  806 . As such, the second seal member  862  can be moved relative to the inlet port  821  such that both the inlet port  821  and the outlet port  831  are in fluid communication with the portion of the inner volume  806  defined between the second seal member  862  and the third seal member  863 , as described in further detail herein. 
     In operation, the collection device  800  can be used to collect bodily-fluids (e.g., blood, plasma, urine, etc.) from a patient with reduced contamination. For example, the inlet port  821  of the collection device  800  can be fluidically coupled to a needle or other lumen-defining device (e.g., flexible sterile tubing). With the inlet port  821  coupled to the lumen-defining device, the flow controller  840  can be moved from its first configuration to its second configuration. In this manner, a user can exert a force to move the movable member  850  from its first position to its second position, as indicated by the arrow MM in  FIG. 44 . As described above, the first seal member  861  is moved concurrently with the movable member  850  such that a space defined between the first seal member  861  and the second seal member  862  is increased, thereby forming and/or defining the pre-sample reservoir  870 . With the first seal member  861  and the second seal member  862  forming a substantially fluid tight seal with the inner surface of the actuator portion  822  that defines the inner volume  806 , the increase in volume between the first seal member  861  and the second seal member  862  produces a negative pressure in the pre-sample reservoir  870 . Thus, once fluid communication is established between a portion of the body of the patient (e.g., a vein) and the pre-sample reservoir  870  (e.g., via the inlet port  821  in  FIG. 44 ), the negative pressure differential between the pre-sample reservoir  870  and the portion of the body of the patient draws the bodily-fluid through the inlet port  821  and into the pre-sample reservoir  870 , as indicated by the arrow NN in  FIG. 44 . In this first configuration, the flow controller  840  also fluidically isolates the pre-sample reservoir  870  from the outlet port  831 . Therefore, a first amount (predetermined or undetermined) of bodily-fluid can be received into the pre-sample reservoir  870  immediately after venipuncture (for example) and isolated from subsequent samples. In this manner, the collection device  800  can be used to prevent the first amount of bodily-fluid, which is most likely to contain bodily surface microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants, from contaminating subsequent amounts of the bodily-fluid samples that are collected and used for diagnostic or other testing that can be impacted by the contaminants. In some embodiments, the metering device can meter the volume of bodily-fluid disposed in the pre-sample reservoir  870  and present a value associated with the volume on the display  875 . 
     Following collection of the volume of bodily-fluid pre-sample in the pre-sample reservoir  870 , the movable member  850  can be moved from its second position to its third position to place the flow controller in its third configuration, as indicated by the arrow OO in  FIG. 45 . As described above, when the movable member  850  is moved from its second position to its third position, the portion of the movable member  850  is placed in contact with the third seal member  863 . Thus, the movable member  850  moves the first seal member  861 , the second seal member  862 , and the third seal member  863  substantially concurrently within the inner volume  806 . As such, the second seal member  862  can be moved relative to the inlet port  821  such that both the inlet port  821  and the outlet port  831  are in fluid communication with the portion of the inner volume  806  defined between the second seal member  862  and the third seal member  863 . Moreover, with the volume of bodily-fluid fluidically isolated in the pre-sample reservoir  870 , movement of the second seal member  862  and the third seal member  863  in the direction of the first seal member  861  is limited (i.e., the bodily-fluid is a substantially incompressible fluid). In this manner, the pre-sample volume of bodily-fluid is sequestered in the pre-sample reservoir  870  and the space defined between the second seal member  862  and the third seal member  863  defines a fluid flow path between the inlet port  821  and the outlet port  831 . In addition, the arrangement of the flow controller  840  is such that when in its third configuration, the first seal member  861  is placed in contact with the bias member  859  and at least a portion of a force exerted by a user on the movable member  850  is operable in deforming, compressing, bending, and/or otherwise reconfiguring the bias member  859 . Thus, the bias member  859  can exert a reaction force on the first seal member  861  that resists the movement of the flow controller  840  from its second configuration to its third configuration, as described in further detail herein. 
     The sample reservoir  880  can be positioned relative to the collection device  800  such that the piercing member  855  punctures the vacuum seal of the sample reservoir  880  to be disposed inside the sample reservoir, as described in detail above. The pressure differential between the sample reservoir  880  (e.g., vacuum or negative pressure) and the portion of the body draws the bodily-fluid into the sample reservoir  880 . Said another way, in the second configuration, the flow controller  840  and the diversion mechanism  820  establish a fluid flow path such that bodily-fluid can drawn from the patient, through the inlet port  821 , the portion of the inner volume  806  defined between the second seal member  862  and the third seal member  863 , and the outlet port  831  of the actuator portion  822 , through the medial portion  823  and the piercing member  855  of the coupling portion  824  and into the sample reservoir  880  as indicated by the arrow PP in  FIG. 45 . As described above, the metering device (not shown) can meter the volume of bodily-fluid transferred through, for example, the outlet port  831  and can present a value associated with the volume of the bodily-fluid on the display  875 . 
     Once a desired volume of bodily-fluid (e.g., the second amount) is collected in the sample reservoir  880 , the user can remove and/or decrease the force exerted on the movable member  850 , thereby allowing the bias member  859  to move the first seal member  861  and the movable member  850  from their third positions towards their second positions. Moreover, with the bodily-fluid disposed in the pre-sample reservoir  870  being substantially incompressible, the movement of the first seal member  861  transfers a force through the volume of bodily-fluid to move the second seal member  862  and the third seal member  863  from their third positions towards their second positions. In some embodiments, the bias member  859  can exert a force on the first seal member  861  that can be operable in moving the second seal member  862  to a fourth position relative to the actuator portion  822  that can, for example, substantially obstruct the inlet port  821 . Thus, the inlet port  821  can be fluidically isolated from the inner volume  806  of the actuator portion  822 . Furthermore, the piercing member  855  can be removed from the sample reservoir  880  and a seal (e.g., a self sealing septum) can fluidically isolate the bodily-fluid sample from a volume outside of the sample reservoir  880 . Filling subsequent sample reservoirs can be similarly performed by disposing the piercing member  855  into a sample reservoir and moving the flow controller  840  to the third configuration to allow a flow of bodily-fluid from the patient to the sample reservoir. 
       FIGS. 46-53  illustrate a collection device  900  according to an embodiment. The collection device  900  includes a diversion mechanism  920 , a flow controller  940 , and sample reservoirs  980 ,  980 ′,  990  and  990 ′. As further described herein, the collection device  900  can be moved between a first, a second, a third, a fourth, and a fifth configuration to deliver a flow of a bodily-fluid that is substantially free from microbes exterior the body, such as, for example, dermally residing microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants. The collection device  900  can be any suitable shape, size, or configuration. For example, aspects and/or portions of the collection device  900  can be substantially similar in form and/or function as corresponding aspects and/or portions of any of the collection devices  100 ,  200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  500 ,  600 ,  700 , and/or  800  described above. Thus, such similar aspects and/or portions are not described in further detail herein. By way of example, in some embodiments, the sample reservoirs  980 ,  980 ′,  990 , and  990 ′ of the collection device  900  can be substantially similar and/or the same in form and function as the sample reservoirs  680 ,  680 ′,  690 , and  690 ′, respectively, included in the collection device  600  of  FIGS. 26-33 . 
     The diversion mechanism  920  includes a housing  901 , a distribution member  929 , and movable members  950   a,    950   b,    950   c,  and  950   d.  The housing  901  is physically and fluidically coupled to the distribution member  929 , and provides and/or defines a set of fluid flow pathways for collecting bodily-fluids from the patient. The housing  901  includes a set of displays  975 ′ (e.g., liquid crystal displays (LCDs) or the like) that can be included in and/or otherwise coupled (e.g., electrically and/or mechanically) to a flow metering device, as described in further detail herein. The housing  901  defines a recess  966 , outlet apertures  903   a,    903   b,    903   c,    903   d,    903   e,  and movable member openings  950   a,    950   b,    950   c,    950   d  (also referred to herein as “openings”). The recess  966  is configured to receive a seal member  941  included in the flow controller  940 , as described in further detail herein. The first outlet aperture  903   a,  the second outlet aperture  903   b,  the third outlet aperture  903   c,  the fourth outlet aperture  903   d,  and the fifth outlet aperture  903   e  are each configured to define a different fluid flow path in fluid communication with different portions of the distribution member  929 . More specifically, the distribution member  929  defines and/or forms at least a portion of a pre-sample reservoir  970  in fluid communication with the first outlet aperture  903   a,  and a first flow channel  935   a  in fluid communication with the second outlet aperture  903   b,  second flow channel  935   b  in fluid communication with the third outlet aperture  903   b,  a third flow channel  935   c  in fluid communication with the fourth outlet aperture  903   d,  and a fourth flow channel  935  in fluid communication with the fifth outlet aperture  903   e.    
     As shown in  FIGS. 47 and 48 , the distribution member  929  defines a chamber or volume that defines at least a portion of the pre-sample reservoir  970 . The pre-sample reservoir  970  is configured to contain bodily-fluids such as, for example, blood, plasma, urine, and/or the like. The first outlet aperture  903   a  of the housing  901  can be substantially aligned with an open portion of the pre-sample reservoir  970  to allow the pre-sample reservoir  970  to receive a flow of bodily-fluid from the patient, as described in detail above with reference to the pre-sample reservoir  470  in  FIGS. 16-22 . The flow channels  935   a - 935   d  extend radially from a center of the distribution member  929  and are arranged such that each flow channel  935   a,    935   b,    935   c,  and  935   d  is fluidically isolated from the pre-sample reservoir  970  and the other flow channels. In this manner, the flow channels  935   a,    935   b,    935   c,  and  935   d  can direct and/or otherwise define a fluid flow path between a first end portion that defines an opening substantially aligned with the outlet apertures  903   b,    903   c,    903   d,  and  903   e,  respectively, and a second end portion that defines an opening or port configured to receive the movable members  950   a,    950   b,    950   c,  and  950   d,  respectively. Although the distribution member  929  is shown in  FIGS. 47 and 48  as including flow channels  935   a - 935   d  that are substantially closed, in other embodiments, the flow channels  935   a - 935   d  can be substantially open as shown and described above with reference to the distribution member  429  of  FIGS. 17 and 18 . As such, the distribution member  929  of the collection device  900  can function in a substantially similar manner as the distribution member  429  of the collection device  400 . 
     The movable members  950   a,    950   b,    950   c,  and  950   d  are movably disposed in the openings  905   a,    905   b,    905   c,  and  905   d,  respectively, of the housing  901  and the corresponding openings defined by the second end portion of the distribution member  929 . Although not shown in  FIGS. 46-53 , in some embodiments, the movable members  950   a,    950   b,    950   c,  and  950   d  can be operably coupled to a bias member or the like, as described in detail above with reference to the movable members  250  and  250 ′ of the collection device  200 . In this manner, the movable members  950   a,    950   b,    950   c,  and  950   d  can be actuated (e.g., moved) by the user from a first position and a second position relative to the housing  901  and distribution member  929  to direct fluid flow into the first sample reservoir  980 , the second fluid reservoir  980 ′, the third fluid reservoir  990 , and the fourth sample reservoir  990 ′, respectively. The movable members  950   a,    950   b,    950   c,  and  950   d  are substantially the same and therefore are described with reference to a single movable member  950  in  FIG. 49 . Moreover, portions of the movable member  950  can be substantially similar to the movable members  250  and  350  described above. Thus, portions of the movable member  950  are not described in further detail herein. The movable member  950  defines an inner cavity  952  that is in fluid communication with an inlet port  953  and a piercing member  955 . The piercing member is substantially similar to those described in detail above. The inlet port  953  extends through a set of walls that defines the inner chamber  952  to selectively place the inner volume  952  of the movable member  950  in fluid communication with the corresponding flow channel  935   a,    935   b,    935   c,  or  935   d.    
     As shown in  FIG. 49 , the movable member  950  includes a flow control mechanism  967  rotatably disposed in the inner volume  952  and in substantially direct fluid communication with the inlet port  953 . The flow metering mechanism  967  can be, for example, a wheel or the like that can include a set of spokes or fins. In this manner, bodily-fluid can enter the inlet port  953  of the movable member  950  and flow past the flow metering device  967 , which in turn, can result in a rotation of the flow metering device  967  relative to the movable member  950 . Thus, characteristics of the rotation of the flow metering device  967  can be operable in determining a volume of bodily-fluid transferred to the inner volume  952  of the movable member  950 , a volumetric flow rate, and/or the like. Although not shown in  FIGS. 46-53 , the flow control mechanism  967  of the movable member  950  is operably coupled to the display  975 ′ of the housing  901 . Thus, as bodily-fluid is transferred, for example, to the sample reservoirs  980 ,  980 ′,  990 , and/or  990 ′, volumetric information associated with the flow of bodily-fluid can be presented on the displays  975 ′. In this manner, a user can manipulate the collection device  900  to collect a bodily-fluid sample from a patient and can visualize at least one of the displays  975 ′ to determine a precise volume of the bodily-fluid sample transferred to, for example, the sample reservoir  980 . 
     The flow controller  940  of the collection device  900  includes a dial  945  and a seal member  941 . The seal member  941  is disposed in the recess  966  of the housing  901 . More particularly, the flow controller  940  can be coupled to the housing  901  such that the seal member  941  is disposed between and in contact with a surface of the housing  901  defining the recess  966  and a surface of the dial  945 . The seal member  941  can be configured to form a substantially fluid tight seal with the surface of the dial  945  and the surface of the housing  901  that defines the recess  966 , as described in detail above. As shown in  FIG. 47 , the seal member  941  defines a first aperture  944   a,  a second aperture  944   b,  a third aperture  944   c,  a fourth aperture  944   d,  and a fifth aperture  944   e.  The arrangement of the seal member  941  is such that when the seal member  941  is disposed in the recess  966 , the first aperture  944   a,  the second aperture  944   b,  the third aperture  944   c,  the fourth aperture  944   d,  and the fifth aperture  944   e  are substantially aligned with the first outlet aperture  903   a,  the second outlet aperture  903   b,  the third outlet aperture  903   c,  the fourth outlet aperture  903   d,  and the fifth outlet aperture  903   e  of the housing  901 , respectively. 
     The dial  945  of the flow controller  940  is rotatably coupled to the housing  901  and movable between a first position, a second position, a third position, a fourth position, and a fifth position relative to the housing  901 . The dial  945  includes an inlet port  921  that can be fluidically coupled to a medical device (either directly or indirectly via an adapter  904 ) that defines a fluid flow pathway for withdrawing and/or conveying bodily-fluid from a patient to the collection device  900 . In this manner, the inlet port  921  can be configured to selectively place the pre-sample reservoir  970 , the first sample reservoir  980 , the second sample reservoir  980 ′, the third sample reservoir  990 , and the fourth sample reservoir  990 ′ in fluid communication with the patient, as described in further detail herein. The dial  945  can be configured to rotate through the first position, the second position, the third position, the fourth position, and the fifth position in a substantially similar manner as described above with reference to the dial  445  of the collection device  400  and is therefore, not described in further detail herein. 
     As shown, the dial  945  can further include a display  975  that can be configured to present volumetric information associated with a flow of bodily-fluid. For example, although not shown in  FIGS. 46-53 , the dial can include a flow metering device or the like such as the flow metering device  967  included in the movable member  950 . In this manner, the flow metering device can meter a flow of bodily-fluid through, for example, the inlet port  921  and can be operably coupled to the display  975  such that volumetric information associated with the flow of bodily-fluid through the inlet port  921  is presented on the display  975  of the dial  945 . 
     In operation, the collection device  900  can be used to collect bodily-fluids (e.g., blood, plasma, urine, and/or the like) from a patient with reduced contamination. For example, the inlet port  921  of the collection device  900  can be fluidically coupled to a needle or other lumen-defining device (e.g., flexible sterile tubing). Following venipuncture (or other method of accessing bodily-fluid), the dial  945  is actuated (or rotated) until it reaches the first position, as shown in  FIGS. 50 and 51 . Alternatively, the dial  945  can be pre-set in the first position and the collection device  900  can be otherwise sealed to preserve the sterility of the collection device  900 . 
     As described above, when the dial  945  is in the first position, the flow controller  940  is placed in the first configuration and the first aperture  944   a  of the seal member  941  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  921  and the first outlet port  930  (contained within the housing  901 ) while fluidically isolating the inlet port  921  from the four flow channels  935   a - 335   d.  Additionally, the sample reservoirs  980 ,  980 ′,  990  and  990 ′ are fluidically isolated from the inlet port  921  in the first configuration and a fluid flow path is defined between a portion of the body of a patient (e.g. a vein) and the pre-sample reservoir  970  as indicated by the arrow QQ in  FIG. 51 . In this first configuration, the bodily-fluid flows (e.g., by gravitation force, vacuum, etc.) from the portion of the body of the patient through the inlet port  921 , the first aperture  944   a  of the seal member  941 , the first outlet port  903   a  of the housing  901 , and into the pre-sample reservoir  970 . In the first configuration, the flow controller  940  also fluidically isolates the pre-sample reservoir  970  from the flow channels  935   a - 935   d.  Thus, a first amount (predetermined or undetermined) of bodily-fluid can be received into the pre-sample reservoir  970  immediately after venipuncture and isolated from subsequent samples. In this manner, the collection device  900  can be used to prevent the first amount of bodily-fluid, which is most likely to contain bodily surface microbes and/or other undesirable external contaminants, from contaminating subsequent amounts of the bodily-fluid samples that are collected and used for diagnostic or other testing that can be impacted by the contaminants. Moreover, the display  975  can present, for example, information received from the flow control mechanism (not shown) that is associated with a volume of bodily-fluid transferred to the pre-sample reservoir  970 . Thus, a precise volume of bodily-fluid can be transferred to and fluidically isolated within the pre-sample reservoir. 
     Following collection of the bodily-fluid pre-sample in the pre-sample reservoir  970 , the dial  945  can be actuated (or rotated) until it reaches the second position as shown in  FIGS. 52 and 53 . When the dial  945  is in the second position, the flow controller  940  is placed in the second configuration and the second aperture  944   b  of the seal member  941  establishes fluid communication between the inlet port  921  and the flow channel  935   a,  while fluidically isolating the pre-sample reservoir  970  from the inlet port  921 . With the flow controller  940  in the second configuration, the movable member  950   a  can be actuated (i.e., depressed) from the first position to the second position by the user to establish fluid communication between the patient (e.g., a vein) and the first sample reservoir  880 . More specifically, the movable member  950  is moved from its first position to its second configuration to pass the piercing member  955  through a vacuum seal of the first sample reservoir  980  to be disposed therein, as indicated by the arrow RR in  FIG. 53 . 
     While in the second position, the inlet port  953  of the movable member  950  is substantially aligned with, and in fluid communication with, the first flow channel  935   a,  which allows the bodily-fluid to flow from the first flow channel  935   a,  into the inner cavity  952  of the movable member  950 , and out of the piercing member  955  into the first sample reservoir  980 . The pressure differential between the sample reservoir  980  (e.g., vacuum or negative pressure) and the first flow channel  935   a  draws the bodily-fluid into the sample reservoir  980 . Said another way, in the second configuration, the flow controller  940  and the movable member  950   a  establish a fluid flow path between the inlet port  921  of the dial  945  and the first sample reservoir  980 , as indicated by the arrow SS in  FIG. 53 . Moreover, the flow of bodily-fluid through the movable member  950   a  rotates the flow metering mechanism  967  relative to the movable member  950 . Thus, the rotation of the flow metering mechanism  967  can be operable in determining a volume of bodily-fluid sample transferred to the sample reservoir  980 . In addition, the display  975 ′ can present, for example, information received from the flow control mechanism  967  that is associated with a volume of bodily-fluid transferred to the sample reservoir  980 . Therefore, a precise volume of bodily-fluid can be transferred to the sample reservoir  980 . For example, in some instances, the collection device  900  can be used to collect three sample volumes of 20 mL each in the first sample reservoir  980 , the second sample reservoir  980 ′, and the third sample reservoir  990  (i.e., 60 mL of total sample volume collected). 
     Once a desired volume of bodily-fluid (e.g., the second amount) is collected in the first sample reservoir  980 , the user can release the movable member  950  allowing the bias member (not shown) to move the back to its first position. With the movable member  950  back in its first position, the piercing member  955  is removed from the first sample reservoir  980  and the seal (e.g., a self sealing septum) fluidically isolates the first sample reservoir  980  from the inner flow channel  935 . The collection device  900  can be used to transfer a second sample volume to the second sample reservoir  980 ′, a third sample volume to the third sample reservoir  990 , and a fourth sample volume to the fourth sample reservoir  990 ′ in the same manner by rotating the dial  945  to its third position, fourth position, and fifth position, respectively. 
     In some instances, the bodily-fluid collection device  900  can allow a clinician and/or a phlebotomist to open the package containing the bodily-fluid collection device  900  and remove only the housing  901  (that contains the distribution member  929 ) and take the housing  901  to a patient&#39;s bedside. The clinician and/or a phlebotomist can perform venipuncture (or employ any other method of accessing patient&#39;s bodily-fluid) on the portion of the body of a patient (e.g. a vein) using any standardized technique. Following venipuncture, the clinician and/or a phlebotomist can collect the total blood volume required for all samples. For example, the clinician and/or a phlebotomist can collect a 2.5 mL pre-sample diversion volume and a 10 mL sample volume for each of the four sample reservoirs that amounts to a total of 42.5 mL of collected bodily-fluid (e.g., blood). Following collection of the desired amount of bodily-fluid, the hypodermic needle can be removed from the portion of the body of a patient (e.g. a vein) and the clinician and/or a phlebotomist can place the housing  901  (that contains the bodily-fluid) on top of a 4-pack (or 2-pack) of pre-sterilized sample reservoirs with septum tops that are pre-positioned in a custom tray that matches the geometry of housing  901 . By using such a pre-sterilized pack of sample reservoirs, the clinician does not need to perform the process step of “wiping” the top of the sample reservoirs with a sterilizing agent, thereby reducing the likelihood of contamination if, for example, the reservoir tops are improperly and/or insufficiently sterilized. The clinician and/or a phlebotomist can then activate the automated inoculation of the sample reservoirs with the bodily-fluid with precise volume control. In certain embodiments, after the inoculation of the sample reservoirs is complete, the entire device  900  with volume information displayed for each individual sample reservoir can be sent to the laboratory for analysis. It other embodiments, sample reservoirs  980  and/or  990  can be removed individually and sent to the laboratory for analysis. 
     Although, the collection device  900  is shown and described with reference to  FIGS. 46-53  as including a set of displays  975  and  975 ′ that can present volumetric data associated with a volume of bodily-fluid transferred through a portion of the collection device, in other embodiments, a collection device can include any suitable flow metering mechanism having any suitable output indicator. For example,  FIGS. 54 and 55  illustrate a diversion mechanism  1020  and a flow controller  1040  according to an embodiment. The diversion mechanism  1020  and the flow controller  1040  can be substantially similar in form and function as the diversion mechanism  920  and the flow controller  940 , respectively. Therefore, similar portions are not described in further detail herein. The diversion mechanism  1020  and the flow controller  1040  can differ, however, in the arrangement of a set of displays  1075 . For example, the diversion mechanism  1020  includes a housing  1001  that is configured to movably receive a set of movable members  1050   a,    1050   b,    1050   c,  and  1050   d  that can each include a flow metering mechanism as described above with reference to the movable member  950 . Thus, the movable members  1050   a,    1050   b,    1050   c,  and  1050   d  can be used to determine a precise volume of bodily-fluid transferred therethrough. As shown in  FIG. 55 , the displays  1075  of the housing  1001  can include a set of three lights with a first light with low volume (e.g., 5 mL), a second light associated with medium volume (e.g., 20 mL), and a third light associated with acceptable and/or high volume (e.g., 40 mL). In this manner, as a flow of bodily-fluid is transferred through the flow controller  1040  and the diversion mechanism  1020 , and into, for example, the first movable member  1050   a,  the flow metering mechanism included therein can send a signal or the like to the display that is operable in lighting the first light, the second light, and/or the third light according to a volume of bodily-fluid that is transferred through the movable member  1050 . 
     In other embodiments, the movable members  1050   a,    1050   b,    1050   c,  and  1050   d  can be moved from a first position to a second, third, or fourth position, relative to the housing  1001 . In such embodiments, the positions can be associated with, for example, an intended volume of bodily-fluid to be transferred to a sample reservoir. For example, in some embodiments, a user can actuate (e.g., move) the movable member  1050   a  from its first position to its second position. In such embodiments, the second position can be associated with, for example, a low volume of bodily-fluid (e.g., 10 mL) to be transferred to a sample reservoir. In some embodiments, the housing  1001  and/or the movable member  1050   a  can include a detent, lock, catch, protrusion, recess, and/or the like that can temporarily retain the movable member  1050   a  in the second position until the low volume amount of sample has been transferred to the sample reservoir. Moreover, once placed in the second position, the display  1075  can be configured to illuminate the first light associated with the low volume to indicate to the user the preset volume of bodily-fluid to be transferred to the sample reservoir. Once the desired volume of bodily fluid is transferred to and fluidically isolated in the sample reservoir, the diversion mechanism  1020  can be configured to automatically return the movable member  1050   a  back to its first position. In this manner, the diversion mechanism  1020  and the flow controller  1040  can be physically and fluidically coupled to any number of sample reservoirs and used to transferred a precise volume of bodily-fluid to each sample reservoir. 
       FIG. 56  is a flowchart illustrating a method  1190  of using a flow-metering transfer device to obtain a predetermined sample volume of a bodily-fluid from a patient. The flow metering transfer device can be any of the transfer devices (also referred to herein as “collection devices”) described herein. By way of example, in some embodiments, the transfer device can be the collection device  900  described above with reference to  FIGS. 46-53 . As such, the transfer device can include a diversion mechanism with an inlet port configured to be selectively placed in fluid communication with the patient, a pre-sample reservoir and a sample reservoir, and a flow-metering mechanism configured to meter a flow of bodily-fluid from the patient to the pre-sample reservoir and to the sample reservoir. The method  1190  includes establishing fluid communication between the patient and the port of the flow-metering transfer device, at  1191 . For example, the port can be fluidically coupled to a needle or other lumen-defining device (e.g., flexible sterile tubing), which in turn can be inserted into the patient (e.g., a venipuncture event or other method of accessing bodily-fluid). 
     With the port in fluid communication with the patient, fluid communication between the port and the pre-sample reservoir is established, at  1192 . In some embodiments, the flow-metering transfer device can include a flow controller or the like (e.g., such as the flow controller  940  included in the collection device  900 ) that can be actuated and/or manipulated (e.g., rotated) to a position that establishes fluid communication between the port and the pre-sample reservoir (e.g., a first position). In some embodiments, the actuating of the flow controller can be such that the flow controller and the diversion mechanism collectively define at least a portion of a fluid flow path between the port and the pre-sample reservoir. In some embodiments, the pre-sample reservoir can include a negative pressure or the like that can, for example, initiate a flow of bodily-fluid from the patient to the pre-sample reservoir. In other embodiments the flow of bodily-fluid can be initiated in any other suitable manner (e.g., gravity or the like). 
     The flow of bodily-fluid transferred from the patient to the pre-sample reservoir is metered, at  1193 . For example, in some embodiments, the port can include the flow control mechanism which can be meter a flow of bodily-fluid that passes through the port (e.g., in a similar manner as described above with reference to the flow control mechanism  967  of the collection device  900 ). Thus, a pre-sample volume of bodily-fluid is transferred to the pre-sample reservoir. The method  1190  includes verifying the pre-sample volume of bodily-fluid disposed in the pre-sample reservoir is a predetermined pre-sample volume of bodily-fluid via the flow metering mechanism of the flow-metering transfer device, at  1194 . For example, the flow metering mechanism can include and/or can be operably coupled to a display of the like (e.g., the display  975  and/or  975 ′ of the collection device  900 ). The flow metering mechanism can be configured to present on the display volumetric information, as described above. 
     Once the pre-sample volume of bodily-fluid is disposed in the pre-sample reservoir, the pre-sample reservoir is fluidically isolated from the port to sequester the pre-sample volume of bodily-fluid in the pre-sample reservoir, at  1195 . For example, in some instances, the flow controller and/or the diversion mechanism can be actuated (or rotated) from the first position and/or configuration to a second position and/or configuration. With the flow controller and/or diversion mechanism in the second configuration, the pre-sample reservoir is fluidically isolated from a volume outside of the pre-sample reservoir. In some embodiments, when the flow controller and/or diversion mechanism is actuated to its second position and/or configuration, fluid communication is established between the port and a sample reservoir, at  1196 . For example, in some embodiments, the flow-metering transfer device can include a movable member (e.g., the movable member  950 ) or the like that can include a piercing member configured to pierce a portion of the sample reservoir (e.g., a septum or the like). Therefore, with the flow controller and/or diversion mechanism in its second position and/or configuration, the piercing of the portion of the sample reservoir places the sample reservoir in fluid communication with the port. As described above, the sample reservoir can include a negative pressure or the like that can, for example, initiate a flow of bodily-fluid from the patient to the sample reservoir. 
     The flow of bodily-fluid transferred from the patient to the pre-sample reservoir is metered, at  1197 . For example, as described above, the port can include the flow control mechanism which can be meter a flow of bodily-fluid that passes through the port (e.g., in a similar manner as described above with reference to the flow control mechanism  967  of the collection device  900 ). In some embodiments, the flow control mechanism can be included in, for example, a movable member or the like such as the movable member  950  of  FIG. 49 . Thus, a sample volume of bodily-fluid is transferred to the sample reservoir. The method  1190  includes verifying the sample volume of bodily-fluid disposed in the sample reservoir is a predetermined sample volume of bodily-fluid via the flow metering mechanism of the flow-metering transfer device, at  1198 . For example, the display or the like can be configured to present volumetric information, as described above. 
     In this manner, the predetermined pre-sample volume of bodily-fluid is collected that can contain, for example, externally residing microbes. For example, in some embodiments, the predetermined pre-sample volume can be about 0.1 mL, about 0.3 mL, about 0.5 mL, about 1.0 mL, about 2.0 mL, about 3.0 mL, about 4.0 mL, about 5.0 mL, about 10.0 mL, about 20 mL, about 50 mL, and/or any volume or fraction of a volume therebetween. In other embodiments, the pre-sample volume can be greater than 50 mL or less than 0.1 mL. In other embodiments, the predetermined pre-sample volume can be between about 2 mL and about 5 mL. In one embodiment, the predetermined pre-sample volume can be about 3 mL. Furthermore, by collecting the predetermined pre-sample volume, the predetermined sample volume disposed in one or more sample reservoirs can be substantially free-from externally residing microbes. In some embodiments, the predetermined sample volume can be between 10 mL and 60 mL. In other embodiments, the predetermined sample volume can be between 30 mL and 60 mL. In still other embodiments, the predetermined sample volume can be 60 mL. Although described above as transferring the sample volume of the bodily-fluid to a single sample reservoir, in other embodiments, the flow-metering transfer device can be used to transfer a predetermined sample volume to more than one sample reservoir. For example, in some embodiments, a pre-determined pre-sample volume of bodily-fluid can be collected and fluidically isolated in a pre-sample reservoir, as described above. With the pre-sample volume fluidically isolated, the flow-metering transfer device can be used to transfer a predetermined sample volume to a first sample reservoir, the predetermined sample volume to a second sample reservoir, and the predetermined sample volume to a third sample reservoir. In such instances, the predetermined sample volume can be, for example, 20 mL such that a total sample volume disposed in the first, second, and third sample reservoirs is 60 mL. 
     The various embodiments of the bodily-fluid collection devices described herein can allow the collection of two (or more) sets of bodily-fluids (e.g., blood) samples from a single venipuncture. The current standard of care dictates that certain tests (e.g. blood cultures) be conducted with samples procured from distinct, separate bodily-fluid access points (e.g. via two separate venipunctures, via a catheter +a venipuncture and/or any combination thereof). Embodiments described herein can facilitate the procurement of multiple samples for specific diagnostic testing (e.g. blood culture test) from a single bodily-fluid access point (e.g. venipuncture), which can reduce the annual number of venipunctures required for procurement of these samples by a factor of  2 . This benefits both patients and health care practitioners alike. A reduction in the number of venipunctures (and/or other bodily-fluid access procedures) can significantly reduce the risk of needle stick injury to heath care practitioners and reduce patient associated complications which result from these procedures (e.g. hematoma, thrombosis, phlebitis, infection, etc.). Additionally, reducing the number of bodily-fluid access procedures (e.g. venipunctures) reduces the utilization of supplies, labor and waste associated with these procedures. The decreased costs realized by the healthcare system are material and represent an opportunity to drive more efficient consumption of resources as well as enhanced patient outcomes due to improved sample integrity which results in more accurate patient diagnoses which inform development and implementation of treatment plan(s). The bodily-fluid collection devices also significantly reduce the occurrence of false-positives from post-collection analysis. The bodily-fluid collection devices described herein can also streamline the bodily-fluid collection process and reduce the number of manual steps and “touch points”, thereby decreasing opportunities for external contamination. The devices described herein can also minimize the risk for needle stick injuries and infection for the lab technicians and/or phlebotomists. 
     In some embodiments, the bodily-fluid collection devices described herein (e.g.,  100 ,  200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  500 ,  600 ,  700 ,  800 , and  900 ) can include and/or be partially formed from antisepsis saturated materials (e.g., housing  401 ). Current standards rely on health care practitioners placing individual antisepsis materials (e.g. isopropyl alcohol swabs) on the top of individual sample reservoirs (e.g.,  480 ,  480 ′,  490 , and  490 ′). To ensure compliance with this protocol, the device  400  (for example) can include antisepsis materials positioned in the device  400  such that when the housing  401  is placed on top of the 4-pack (or 2-pack) of bottles as illustrated in  FIG. 16 , the first point of contact from the hosing  401  and the tops of the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490 ,  490 ′ is the antisepsis material. In this manner, the tops of the sample reservoirs  480 ,  480 ′,  490 ,  490 ′ are assured to have an appropriate antisepsis applied prior to inoculation of the bodily-fluid into the sample reservoirs. 
     While various embodiments have been particularly shown and described, various changes in form and details may be made. For example, while the dial  445  (actuator) is shown and described with respect to  FIGS. 19-22  as being rotated in a single direction, in other embodiments, the dial  445  (actuator) can be rotated in a first direction and a second direction, opposite the first. In such embodiments, the rotation in the second direction can be configured to move a collection device through any number of configurations. In other embodiments, the rotation of the actuator in the second direction can be limited. In some embodiments, the dial can include a mechanical stop or lock to fluidically isolate the first volume of bodily-fluid received from the patient (i.e., the contaminated sample). Said another way, once the first reservoir (pre-sample reservoir) is filed with a predetermined volume of bodily-fluid and the user has rotated the dial (actuator) to begin drawing additional sample, the dial (actuator) cannot be moved back to establish fluid communication with the first sample volume (contained in the pre-sample reservoir). 
     While embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Although various embodiments have been described as having particular features and/or combinations of components, other embodiments are possible having any combination or sub-combination of any features and/or components from any of the embodiments described herein. For example, while the collection device  700  is shown and described with respect to  FIGS. 34-40  as having a first, second, third, fourth, or fifth configuration, in other embodiments, the collection devices described herein may have more or fewer configurations. In addition, while the collection device  200  is shown and described with respect to in  FIGS. 2-13  as having a vacuum based collection tube as the pre-sample reservoir  270 , in other embodiments, the collection device  200  can have a chamber contained within the housing  201  similar to the collection device  400  of the embodiment presented in  FIGS. 16-22 , which includes a pre-sample reservoir  470  that is a chamber contained within the distribution member  429 , and vice versa. 
     The specific configurations of the various components can also be varied. For example, the size and specific shape of the various components can be different than the embodiments shown, while still providing the functions as described herein. More specifically, the size and shape of the various components can be specifically selected for a desired rate of bodily-fluid flow into a fluid reservoir. Furthermore, while the flow metering mechanism  967  is particularly shown in  FIG. 49 , any of the collection devices described herein can be used with any suitable flow metering mechanism. For example, in some embodiments, a collection device can include a flow metering mechanism and/or any other mechanism, device, or method configured to measure volumetric characteristics of a bodily-fluid such as, for example, a pressure sensor, a voltage sensor, a photo sensor, a velocity sensor, a flow meter, a strain gauge, a valve, a turbine, a float, displacement analysis, density analysis, weight analysis, optical analysis, ultrasound analysis, thermal analysis, Doppler analysis, electromagnetic field (emf) analysis, reflection analysis, obstruction analysis, area analysis, venturi analysis, coriolis analysis, visual analysis, and/or any other suitable sensor, analysis, and/or calculation (e.g., applying and/or using, for example, Boyle&#39;s law, ideal gas law, force calculation (force=mass*acceleration), and/or the like).