Patent Publication Number: US-2021172469-A1

Title: Fastener lock mechanisms with lock arms

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/946,141, filed Dec. 10, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The field of the disclosure relates generally to fasteners, and more specifically to lock mechanisms for fasteners. 
     Fasteners commonly include mechanisms or design features for ensuring that fastener elements do not loosen over time, potentially allowing joined elements to loosen or separate. Examples of mechanisms include thread bore inserts and screw thread profiles that deform when tightened. Fasteners accessories like lock members, cotter pins, and lock wires are also commonly used with fasteners to prevent fastener elements from loosening. Adhesive materials, like epoxy, can be applied to fastener threads to stake fastener elements and prevent fastener elements from loosening. However, conventional fastener mechanisms, accessories, and adhesive materials may not be suitable for some applications, such as high temperature environments or with structures subject to extreme vibration. 
     In addition, some elements, such as header assemblies for manifolds, include openings that are only accessible from a single side, i.e., blind openings. Fastener assemblies for such elements cannot rely on nuts or other lock mechanisms on an opposite side of the opening to provide a secure connection. Also, elements with blind openings have different shapes, sizes, and configurations and at least some fastener assemblies do not accommodate the shapes, sizes, or configurations of the elements. Accordingly, at least some elements with blind openings require specialized fastener assemblies which can be expensive and difficult to assemble. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for improved lock mechanisms for fasteners. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION 
     In one aspect, a fastener assembly is provided. The fastener assembly includes a threaded member including a threaded body portion having a longitudinal axis. The fastener assembly also includes a first lock member coupled to the threaded member. The first lock member includes a plurality of ratchet teeth. The fastener assembly further includes a second lock member including at least one lock tooth configured to engage the plurality of ratchet teeth of the first lock member. The fastener assembly has a locked configuration in which the at least one lock tooth engages the plurality of ratchet teeth and an unlocked configuration in which the at least one lock tooth is spaced from the plurality of ratchet teeth. The fastener assembly also includes at least one lock arm coupled to the second lock member. The at least one lock arm extends at least in part radially outward of the second lock member. The at least one lock arm is configured to engage a surface to inhibit rotation of the second lock member. 
     In another aspect, a lock assembly for a threaded member is provided. The lock assembly includes a first lock member including an inner portion and a plurality of ratchet teeth extending from the inner portion. The inner portion defines an aperture to receive the threaded member. The lock assembly also includes a second lock member including at least one lock tooth configured to engage the plurality of ratchet teeth of the first lock member. The lock assembly has a locked configuration in which the at least one lock tooth engages the plurality of ratchet teeth and an unlocked configuration in which the at least one lock tooth is spaced from the plurality of ratchet teeth. The lock assembly further includes at least one lock arm coupled to the second lock member and extending at least in part radially outward of the second lock member. The at least one lock arm is configured to engage a surface to inhibit rotation of the second lock member. 
     In yet another aspect, a method of assembling a lock assembly for a fastener assembly is provided. The fastener assembly includes a threaded member. The method includes forming a first lock member including an inner portion and a plurality of ratchet teeth extending from the inner portion. The inner portion defines an aperture to receive the threaded member. The method also includes forming a second lock member including an inner portion and at least one tab extending from the inner portion, and forming at least one lock tooth on the at least one tab. The at least one lock tooth is configured to engage the plurality of ratchet teeth of the first lock member. The lock assembly has a locked configuration in which the at least one lock tooth engages the plurality of ratchet teeth and an unlocked configuration in which the at least one lock tooth is spaced from the plurality of ratchet teeth. The method further includes forming at least one lock arm configured to couple to the second lock member and extend at least in part radially outward of the second lock member. The at least one lock arm is configured to engage a surface to inhibit rotation of the second lock member. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a fastener assembly; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a threaded member of the fastener assembly of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a first lock member of the fastener assembly of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a lock assembly of the fastener assembly of  FIG. 1 , the lock assembly including a second lock member, a third lock member, and a fourth lock member; 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the second lock member of the lock assembly of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of the third and fourth lock members of the lock assembly of  FIG. 4 , showing lock arms of the third and fourth lock members; 
         FIG. 7  is a top view of the third and fourth lock members; 
         FIG. 8  is a bottom view of the third and fourth lock members; 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of the third lock member; 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of the fourth lock member; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of the fastener assembly of  FIG. 1 , secured to a header assembly; 
         FIG. 12  is a side view of the fastener assembly of FIG. land a portion of the header assembly of  FIG. 11 ; 
         FIG. 13  is a top view of the fastener assembly of FIG. land a portion of the header assembly of  FIG. 11 ; 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of another embodiment of a fastener assembly; 
         FIG. 15  is an exploded perspective view of the fastener assembly of  FIG. 14 , the fastener assembly including a threaded member, a first lock member, a second lock member, pins, a third lock member, and a washer; 
         FIG. 16  is an upper perspective view of the third lock member of the fastener assembly of  FIGS. 14 and 15 , showing a lock arm of the third lock member; 
         FIG. 17  is a lower perspective view of the third lock member; 
         FIG. 18  is a side view of the third lock member; 
         FIG. 19  is a perspective view of a pair of the fastener assemblies of  FIG. 14  secured to a header assembly; 
         FIG. 20  is a side view of one of the fastener assemblies of  FIG. 14  and a portion of the header assembly of  FIG. 19 ; 
         FIG. 21  is a top view of one of the fastener assemblies of  FIG. 14  and a portion of the header assembly of  FIG. 19 ; 
         FIG. 22  is a sectional view of the fastener assembly of  FIG. 14  secured to the header assembly, taken along line  22 - 22  in  FIG. 21 ; 
         FIG. 23  is a perspective view of another embodiment of a fastener assembly, the fastener assembly including a third lock member having a pair of lock arms; 
         FIG. 24  is a perspective view of the third lock member of the fastener assembly of  FIG. 23 ; 
         FIG. 25  is a top view of the third lock member; 
         FIG. 26  is a bottom view of the third lock member; 
         FIG. 27  is a side view of the third lock member; 
         FIG. 28  is a perspective view of a pair of the fastener assemblies of  FIG. 23  secured to a header assembly; 
         FIG. 29  is a side view of one of the pair of fastener assemblies of  FIG. 23  and the header assembly of  FIG. 28 ; 
         FIG. 30  is a perspective view of another embodiment of a fastener assembly, the fastener assembly including a threaded member, a first lock member, and a second lock member; 
         FIG. 31  is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the fastener assembly of  FIG. 30 , showing ratchet teeth of the first lock member engaged with at least one lock tooth of the second lock member; 
         FIG. 32  is a side view of the threaded member and the first lock member of the fastener assembly of  FIG. 30 ; 
         FIG. 33  is a perspective view of the second lock member of the fastener assembly of  FIG. 30 , the second lock member including at least one lock arm; 
         FIG. 34  is a top view of the second lock member; 
         FIG. 35  is a side view of the second lock member; 
         FIG. 36  is a perspective view of a plurality of the fastener assemblies of  FIG. 30  secured to a header assembly; 
         FIG. 37  is a top view of a plurality of the fastener assemblies of  FIG. 36  and the header assembly of  FIG. 36 ; and 
         FIG. 38  is an enlarged top view of one of the plurality of fastener assemblies of  FIG. 36  and a portion of the header assembly of  FIG. 36 . 
     
    
    
     Unless otherwise indicated, the drawings provided herein are meant to illustrate features of embodiments of the disclosure. These features are believed to be applicable in a wide variety of systems comprising one or more embodiments of the disclosure. As such, the drawings are not meant to include all conventional features known by those of ordinary skill in the art to be required for the practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following specification and the claims, reference will be made to a number of terms, which shall be defined to have the following meanings. 
     The singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. 
     “Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event occurs and instances where it does not. 
     Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms such as “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially” are not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Here and throughout the specification and claims, range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged; such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or language indicates otherwise. 
     The fastening devices and systems described herein are typically used to fixedly connect two or more components in a variety of applications such as, and without limitation, surgical implants, industrial applications, aerospace applications, building applications, and military applications. Among other features and benefits, the disclosed fastening devices and systems can provide one or more of quick and easy installation and/or removal, and/or vibration resistant secured tightness. 
     Embodiments of the fastener assemblies described herein provide a fastener assembly that is simple to install and provides a secure attachment between two or more components. For example, in some embodiments, the fastener assemblies are used to secure elements such a header and a manifold. In some embodiments, a fastener assembly includes at least one arm that engages the element and prevents rotation of a lock member of the fastener assembly. The lock member allows selective tightening of the fastener assembly and prevents loosening of the fastener assembly when the lock member is in a locked configuration. The at least one arm is adjustable to accommodate different positions, orientations, shapes, and sizes of the element relative to the fastener assembly. For example, some embodiments include a pair of arms that define an angle therebetween and the angle is adjustable based on the position of the fastener assembly relative to a surface contacting the arms. The pair of arms may be separate pieces from each other or a single piece. The arms may be coupled to inner portions that selectively engage each other to fix the position of the arms relative to each other. In further embodiments, each arm includes a tab that extends at least partly in the axial direction and engages a surface of the manifold. In some embodiments, each arm is adjustable to adjust the position of the tab. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, a fastener assembly includes a threaded member including a threaded body portion and a head portion. The fastener assembly also includes a first lock member including at least one tooth and a second lock member including an inner portion and at least one tab extending from the inner portion. The at least one tab has a proximal end joined to the inner portion and a free end opposite the proximal end. The second lock member is positionable between a locked configuration in which the free end of the at least one tab is configured to engage the at least one tooth and an unlocked configuration in which the free end of the at least one tab is spaced from the at least one tooth. 
     The first lock member includes any tooth that enables the fastener assembly to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, the first lock member includes a plurality of radially extending ratchet teeth. In further embodiments, the first lock member includes at least one axially extending tooth. 
     In some embodiments, the first lock member or the second lock member is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the threaded member. In further embodiments, the first lock member or the second lock member is integrally formed with the threaded member as a single piece. 
     The fastener assembly also includes a first arm and a second arm extending from the second lock member and configured to engage a surface to inhibit rotation of the second lock member when the second lock member is in the locked configuration. The first arm and the second arm extend radially outward from the inner portion of the second lock member and define an angle therebetween. For example, in some embodiments, the angle is in a range of 1 degree to 180 degrees. In addition, the angle between the first arm and the second arm is adjustable by repositioning the arms relative to each other. 
     In some embodiments, the first and second arms are separate pieces that are coupled to each other and to the inner portion of the second lock member. The first and second arms are configured to engage each other to maintain the selected angle. For example, the first and second arms may include intermeshing teeth that are configured to engage at a plurality of different positions of the arms. 
     In another exemplary embodiment, a fastener assembly includes a threaded member, a first lock member including at least one tooth, a second lock member configured to engage the tooth in a locked configuration, and at least one arm extending from the second lock member and configured to engage a surface to inhibit rotation of the second lock member when the second lock member is in the locked configuration. 
     For example, the second lock member includes an inner portion defining an aperture extending therethrough. The aperture is sized to receive the threaded body portion. In addition, the second lock member includes at least one tab extending from the inner portion. The at least one tab has a proximal end joined to the inner portion and a free end opposite the proximal end. The second lock member is positionable between a locked configuration in which the free end of the at least one tab is configured to engage the at least one tooth and an unlocked configuration in which the free end of the at least one tab is spaced from the at least one tooth. 
     In some embodiments, the second lock member and the at least one arm are integrally formed as a single piece. In further embodiments, the at least one arm is included in a third lock member. The third lock member includes the at least one arm and an inner portion coupled to the second lock member. For example, the inner portion and the second lock member may be coupled by pins and/or engagement features formed on at least one of the inner portion of the second lock member and the inner portion of the third lock member. In some embodiments, the at least one arm comprises a plurality of arms extending radially outward from an outer edge of the inner portion. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one arm includes an axially extending tab configured to contact the surface. For example, the at least one arm may include a proximal end coupled to the inner portion and a distal end spaced from the inner portion. The tab may extend axially downward and be configured to contact a surface to prevent rotation of the at least one arm. The at least one arm may be repositionable to adjust the position of the axially extending tab relative to the surface. For example, the at least one arm may slide radially outward/inward to adjust the radial reach of the at least one arm. In some embodiments, the tab extends/retracts axially. In further embodiments, the at least one arm is configured to pivot about a hinge. 
     In some embodiments, a method of securing the fastener assembly generally includes aligning a first arm with a surface such that clockwise rotation is constrained. Next, the first arm is coupled to a second arm. For example, teeth on the second arm are positioned in intermeshing engagement with teeth on the first arm. Accordingly, the first arm acts as a spacer to position the second arm in a desired position. Coupling the first arm and the second arm maintains a desired orientation of the arms and forms an angle between the arms. A lock member is coupled to the first arm and the second arm such that the lock member is constrained against rotation by the arms. A threaded member is tightened relative to the lock member using a tool that positions the lock member to an unlocked configuration. When the tool is disengaged, the lock member is in the locked configuration and the fastener assembly is secured by the lock member and the arms to prevent rotation of the fastener assembly relative to the surface. 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a fastener assembly designated generally by reference numeral  100 . Fastener assembly  100  includes a threaded member  102 , a first lock member  104 , a second lock member  106 , a third lock member  108 , and a fourth lock member  110 . In alternative embodiments, fastener assembly  100  includes any component that enables fastener assembly  100  to function as described herein. 
     In the exemplary embodiment, first lock member  104  is configured to couple to threaded member  102  for rotation therewith. For example, first lock member  104  and threaded member  102  are separate pieces and at least one of first lock member  104  and threaded member  102  includes engagement features such as corresponding flat sections that fix first lock member  104  for rotation with threaded member  102  when first lock member  104  is positioned on threaded member  102 . In alternative embodiments, first lock member  104  is coupled to threaded member  102  in any manner that enables fastener assembly  100  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, first lock member  104  and threaded member  102  are integrally formed or otherwise permanently joined together. 
     In the exemplary embodiment, first lock member  104  includes a plurality of ratchet teeth  112 . Second lock member  106  includes at least one lock tooth  118  configured to engage ratchet teeth  112  of first lock member  104 . Fastener assembly  100  has a locked configuration in which at least one lock tooth  118  of second lock member  106  engages ratchet teeth  112  of first lock member  104  and an unlocked configuration in which at least one lock tooth  118  is spaced from ratchet teeth  112 . 
     Also, in the exemplary embodiment, second lock member  106  is coupled to third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110  to form a lock assembly  120 . Second lock member  106 , third lock member  108 , and fourth lock member  110  are coupled together in any manner that enables fastener assembly  100  to operate as described herein. In the exemplary embodiment, third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110  include intermeshing teeth  122 ,  124 . Second lock member  106  is coupled to third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110  by one or more engagement features such as pins. In some embodiments, two or more of second lock member  106 , third lock member  108 , and/or fourth lock member  110  are integrally formed as a single piece. 
     In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, lock assembly  120  includes at least one lock arm  126  configured to engage a surface to inhibit rotation of fastener assembly  100  when fastener assembly  100  is in a locked configuration. In some embodiments, at least one lock arm  126  extends radially or axially outward from lock assembly  120  when lock assembly  120  is positioned on threaded member  102 . Accordingly, fastener assembly  100  is able to be used with elements having blind holes such as a header assembly for a manifold. Fastener assembly  100  provides a locked configuration that prevents loosening of fastener assembly  100  without requiring a nut. Moreover, at least one lock arm  126  is able to engage surfaces on the joined elements. In addition, in some embodiments, the position of at least one lock arm  126  is adjustable to accommodate elements having different shapes, sizes, and configurations. 
     Moreover, in the exemplary embodiment, threaded member  102 , first lock member  104 , second lock member  106 , third lock member  108 , and fourth lock member  110  are fabricated from a metal, for example and without limitation, steel, aluminum, titanium, or a superalloy. Alternatively, threaded member  102 , first lock member  104 , second lock member  106 , third lock member  108 , and fourth lock member  110  are fabricated from any material that enables fastener assembly  100  to function as described herein, such as, without limitation, composite materials, resins, fiber reinforced resins, plastics, and fiber reinforced plastics. 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view of threaded member  102  of fastener assembly  100  (shown in  FIG. 1 ). In the exemplary embodiment, threaded member  102  has a head  128  and a threaded body portion  130  extending along a longitudinal axis  132 . In the exemplary embodiment, threaded body portion  130  and head  128  are integrally formed as a single piece. Head  128  is shaped and sized for threaded member  102  to be engaged and turned by a tool. For example, head  128  is hexagonal. Threaded body portion  130  includes threads  134  extending about and along longitudinal axis  132  in a helical arrangement. Accordingly, threaded body portion  130  is configured to engage a threaded bore (not shown in  FIG. 2 ). In the exemplary embodiment, threads  134  extend along at least a portion of threaded body portion  130 . In some embodiments, threads  134  extend along substantially the entirety of threaded body portion  130 . In the exemplary embodiment, threaded body portion  130  includes an engagement feature  136  such as a flat surface. In alternative embodiments, fastener assembly  100  includes any threaded member  102  that enables fastener assembly  100  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, head  128  of threaded member  102  is releasably coupled to threaded body portion  130 . In further embodiments, head  128  is omitted. 
       FIG. 3  is a perspective view of first lock member  104  of fastener assembly  100  (shown in  FIG. 1 ). In the exemplary embodiment, first lock member  104  is a ring and includes an inner circumferential surface  138  and an outer circumferential surface  140  configured to extend about longitudinal axis  132  when first lock member  104  is coupled to threaded member  102  (shown in  FIG. 2 ). First lock member  104  includes at least one engagement feature  142  arranged to engage threaded body portion  130  of threaded member  102  (shown in  FIG. 2 ) to fix first lock member  104  for conjoint rotation with threaded member  102 . For example, engagement feature  142  includes a flat portion on inner circumferential surface  138  that engages engagement feature  136  of threaded member  102 . 
     Also, in the exemplary embodiment, ratchet teeth  112  extend radially outward from outer circumferential surface  140 . Each ratchet tooth  112  is triangular having an angled surface (i.e., a hypotenuse)  144  across which at least one lock tooth  118  (shown in  FIG. 1 ) can slide when threaded member  102  (shown in  FIG. 1 ) is rotated in a tighten direction (clockwise in the exemplary embodiment) and a radially extending leg  146  which prevents movement of at least one lock tooth  118  in a loosen direction (counter-clockwise in the exemplary embodiment) when fastener assembly  100  is in the locked configuration. In alternative embodiments, first lock member  104  includes any ratchet teeth  112  that enable fastener assembly  100  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, teeth  112  extend axially from an upper or lower surface of first lock member  104  to engage at least one axially extending lock tooth  118 . 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view of lock assembly  120 . Lock assembly  120  includes second lock member  106 , third lock member  108 , and fourth lock member  110 . In the exemplary embodiment, second lock member  106 , third lock member  108 , and fourth lock member  110  are formed as separate pieces. Second lock member  106  is configured to couple to third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110 . For example, second lock member  106  and third lock member  108  include a plurality of engagement features, e.g., holes  148  that receive pins (not shown in  FIG. 4 ), to retain second lock member  106 , third lock member  108 , and fourth lock member  110  together for conjoint rotation. In alternative embodiments, second lock member  106  is coupled to third lock member  108  and/or fourth lock member  110  in any manner that enables fastener assembly  100  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, second lock member  106  is permanently attached to third lock member  108  and/or fourth lock member  110 . In some embodiments, at least one of second lock member, third lock member  108 , and fourth lock member  110  is omitted. 
       FIG. 5  is a perspective view of second lock member  106 . In the exemplary embodiment, second lock member  106  includes an inner portion  150  and an outer portion  152 . Inner portion  150  defines an aperture  154  extending therethrough. Aperture  154  is sized to receive threaded member  102  (shown in  FIG. 1 ). Outer portion  152  includes at least one tab  156  extending circumferentially about and axially from inner portion  150 . In the exemplary embodiment, outer portion  152  includes a pair of diametrically opposite tabs  156 . Each tab  156  has a proximal end  158  joined to inner portion  150  and a free end  160  opposite proximal end  158 . Each free end  160  includes a plurality of lock teeth  118 . In addition, each tab  156  includes bends  162  between proximal end  158  and free end  160 . Bends  162  are configured such that lock teeth  118  on free ends  160  of tabs  156  extend radially inward toward ratchet teeth  112  of first lock member  104 . For example, each bend  162  defines an angle of 45° or greater. In alternative embodiments, second lock member  106  includes any tab  156  that enables second lock member  106  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, tabs  156  are configured such that lock teeth  118  extend radially outward to engage ratchet teeth  112  that extend radially inward. In further embodiments, lock teeth  118  extend axially from tabs  156 . 
       FIG. 6  is a perspective view of third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110 , showing first lock arm  126  of third lock member  108  and a second lock arm  164  of fourth lock member  110 .  FIG. 7  is a top view of third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110 .  FIG. 8  is a bottom view of third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110 . Third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110  are releasably coupled together. For example, third lock member  108  includes first engagement teeth  122  and fourth lock member  110  includes second engagement teeth  124 . First engagement teeth  122  are configured to engage second engagement teeth  124  to provide conjoint rotation of third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110 . In the exemplary embodiment, first engagement teeth  122  and second engagement teeth  124  enable third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110  to be coupled together in a plurality of different positions to adjust the orientation and spacing of first lock arm  126  and second lock arm  164 . In alternative embodiments, third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110  are coupled together in any manner that enables fastener assembly  100  (shown in  FIG. 1 ) to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110  are integrally formed as a single piece or otherwise permanently joined together. 
       FIG. 9  is a perspective view of third lock member  108 . Third lock member  108  includes first lock arm  126  and an inner portion  166 . Inner portion  166  is annular and defines an aperture  168  extending therethrough. Aperture  168  is sized to receive threaded member  102  (shown in  FIG. 1 ). First lock arm  126  extends radially outward from inner portion  166 . In alternative embodiments, fastener assembly  100  includes any third lock member  108  that enables fastener assembly  100  to function as described herein. In some embodiments, third lock member  108  is omitted. 
     Also, in the exemplary embodiment, first lock arm  126  is substantially triangular. For example, first lock arm  126  includes a proximal side coupled to inner portion  166  and two sides extending radially outward from inner portion  166 . At least one of the radially extending sides defines an edge that is configured to engage a surface and inhibit rotation of third lock member  108 . In alternative embodiments, first lock arm  126  is any shape that enables first lock arm  126  to function as described herein. 
     In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, first engagement teeth  122  extend radially outward from inner portion  166  on a side of inner portion  166  opposite first lock arm  126 . In the exemplary embodiment, first engagement teeth  122 , inner portion  166 , and first lock arm  126  are substantially planar. 
       FIG. 10  is a perspective view of fourth lock member  110 . Fourth lock member  110  includes second lock arm  164  and an inner portion  170 . Inner portion  170  is annular and defines an aperture  172  extending therethrough. Aperture  168  is sized to receive threaded member  102  (shown in  FIG. 1 ). Second lock arm  164  extends radially outward from inner portion  170 . In alternative embodiments, fastener assembly  100  includes any fourth lock member  110  that enables fastener assembly  100  to function as described herein. In some embodiments, fourth lock member  110  is omitted. 
     In the exemplary embodiment, second lock arm  164  is substantially triangular. For example, second lock arm  164  includes a proximal side coupled to inner portion  170  and two sides extending radially outward from inner portion  170 . At least one of the radially extending sides defines an edge that is configured to engage a surface and inhibit rotation of fourth lock member  110 . In alternative embodiments, second lock arm  164  is any shape that enables second lock arm  164  to function as described herein. 
     In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, second engagement teeth  124  extend at least partly radially outward from inner portion  170  on a side of inner portion  170  spaced from second lock arm  164 . Inner portion  170  and second lock arm  164  are substantially planar. In the exemplary embodiment, second engagement teeth  124  are curved and extend at least partly axially. Accordingly, second engagement teeth  124  are non-planar with inner portion  170  and second lock arm  164 . Second engagement teeth  124  are arranged to engage first engagement teeth  122  of third lock member  108  (shown in  FIG. 6 ). 
       FIG. 11  is a perspective view of fastener assembly  100  secured to a header assembly  180 .  FIG. 12  is a side view of fastener assembly  100  and a portion of header assembly  180 .  FIG. 13  is a top view of fastener assembly  100  and a portion of header assembly  180 . Fastener assembly  100  is configured to secure two or more elements such as header assembly  180  and a manifold assembly together. Fastener assembly  100  is configured to engage a surface of header assembly  180 , or another element, to prevent loosening of fastener assembly  100  when fastener assembly  100  is in a locked configuration. For example, fastener assembly  100  includes lock arms  126 ,  164  that extend radially outward from fastener assembly  100  to contact a surface of header assembly  180 . 
     In the exemplary embodiment, lock arms  126 ,  164  are arranged to engage opposite sides of header assembly  180  to prevent rotation of fastener assembly  100  in two directions. In addition, first lock arm  126  acts as a spacer to position second lock arm  164  relative to header assembly  180 . Accordingly, lock arms  126 ,  164  prevent rotation of lock assembly  120  when threaded member  102  is tightened and prevent loosening of fastener assembly  100  when fastener assembly  100  is in the locked configuration. Lock arms  126 ,  164  each have a length that allows lock arms  126 ,  164  to contact a surface that is spaced from other components of fastener assembly  100 . For example, in some embodiments, lock arms  126 ,  164  each have a length that is greater than a width of head  128  of threaded member  102  and greater than a radius of second lock member  106  and third lock member  108 . As a result, lock arms  126  extend beyond the radial extents of other components of fastener assembly  100 . Accordingly, lock arms  126 ,  164  are able to contact surfaces that are spaced apart from head  128  to allow clearance for a tool to engage fastener assembly  100 . 
     In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, lock arms  126 ,  164  define an angle  184 . For example, in some embodiments, angle  184  is in a range of about 1° to about 180°. In further embodiments, angle  184  is in a range of about 35° to about 90°. In some embodiments, the positions of lock arms  126 ,  164  are adjustable to change angle  184 . In the exemplary embodiment, angle  184  is adjustable by changing the position of third lock member  108  relative to fourth lock member  110 . For example, engagement teeth  122 ,  124  are arranged to engage each other and couple third lock member  108  and fourth lock member  110  together in a plurality of different positions. Accordingly, lock arms  126 ,  164  are able to accommodate elements having different sizes and shapes. In some embodiments, first lock arm  126  and/or second lock arm  164  are positionable relative to inner portions  166 ,  170 . For example, in some embodiments, first lock arm  126  and/or second lock arm  164  includes a flexible portion that enables bending of first lock arm  126  or second lock arm  164 . In further embodiments, first lock arm  126  and/or second lock arm  164  are positioned in any manner that enables fastener assembly  100  to function as described herein. 
       FIG. 14  is a perspective view of another embodiment of a fastener assembly designated generally by reference numeral  200 .  FIG. 15  is an exploded perspective view of fastener assembly  200 . Fastener assembly  200  includes a threaded member  202 , a first lock member  204 , a second lock member  206 , pins  208 , a third lock member  210 , and a washer  212 . Threaded member  202  has a threaded body portion  214  extending along a longitudinal axis  216 . First lock member  204 , second lock member  206 , third lock member  210 , and washer  212  each include an aperture sized to receive threaded body portion  214 . First lock member  204  is configured to engage threaded member  202  for rotation therewith. In alternative embodiments, fastener assembly  200  includes any components that enable fastener assembly  200  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, at least one of threaded member  202 , first lock member  204 , second lock member  206 , pins  208 , third lock member  210 , and washer  212  is omitted. 
     In the exemplary embodiment, first lock member  204  includes a plurality of ratchet teeth  218  and second lock member  206  includes at least one lock tooth  220  on at least one tab  222 . Fastener assembly  200  has a locked configuration in which at least one lock tooth  220  of second lock member  206  engages ratchet teeth  218  of first lock member  204  and an unlocked configuration in which at least one lock tooth  220  is spaced from ratchet teeth  218 . Also, in the exemplary embodiment, second lock member  206  is coupled to third lock member  210 . For example, pins  208  engage openings in second lock member  206  and third lock member  210  to releasably secure second lock member  206  and third lock member  210  together. 
     In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, third lock member  210  includes at least one lock arm  224  configured to engage a surface to prevent rotation of third lock member  210  and second lock member  206 . In the exemplary embodiment, lock arm  224  includes an axially extending tab. Lock arm  224  prevents loosening of fastener assembly  200  when fastener assembly  200  is in a locked configuration. In some embodiments, lock arm  224  extends radially or axially outward from third lock member  210  when third lock member  210  is positioned on threaded member  202 . 
       FIG. 16  is an upper perspective view of third lock member  210 .  FIG. 17  is a lower perspective view of third lock member  210 .  FIG. 18  is a side view of third lock member  210 . Third lock member  210  includes lock arm  224  and an inner portion  226 . Inner portion  226  defines an aperture  228  sized to receive threaded member  102  therein and a plurality of openings  230  sized to receive pins  208  (shown in  FIG. 15 ). Inner portion  226  is substantially planar. In alternative embodiments, third lock member  210  includes any inner portion  226  that enables third lock member  210  to function as described herein. 
     In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, lock arm  224  and inner portion  226  are permanently joined together. For example, lock arm  224  and inner portion  226  are integrally formed as a single piece. In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, the position of lock arm  224  is fixed relative to inner portion  226 . In alternative embodiments, lock arm  224  is coupled to inner portion  226  in any manner that enables fastener assembly  200  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, lock arm  224  is positionable relative to inner portion  226 . In further embodiments, lock arm  224  is releasably coupled to inner portion  226 . 
     Also, in the exemplary embodiment, lock arm  224  extends at least partly in an axial direction such that lock arm  224  and inner portion  226  form an angle  232 . In some embodiments, angle  232  is in a range of about 45° to about 135°. In the exemplary embodiment, angle  232  is approximately 90°. 
     Moreover, in the exemplary embodiment, lock arm  224  is shaped to extend beyond the radial extents of other components of fastener assembly  200  and engage a surface (for example, a side of base  182  shown in  FIG. 19 ). For example, lock arm  224  extends radially outward from inner portion  226  and beyond the radial extents of other components of fastener assembly  200 . In addition, lock arm  224  curves generally downward at a bend  225  such that a free end of lock arm  224  is spaced axially from inner portion  226 . Lock arm  224  is substantially planar between bend  225  and the free end of lock arm  224  and includes a radial facing surface that is configured to engage a surface of an element. In alternative embodiments, lock arm  224  is any shape that enables third lock member  210  to function as described herein. 
       FIG. 19  is a perspective view of a pair of fastener assemblies  200  secured to header assembly  180 .  FIG. 20  is a side view of fastener assembly  200  and a portion of header assembly  180 .  FIG. 21  is a top view of fastener assembly  200  and a portion of header assembly  180 .  FIG. 22  is a sectional view of fastener assembly  200  secured to header assembly  180 , taken along line  22 - 22  in  FIG. 21 . Fastener assembly  200  is configured to engage a surface of header assembly  180 , or another component, to prevent loosening of fastener assembly  200  when fastener assembly  200  is in a locked configuration. For example, fastener assembly  200  includes a lock arm  224  that extends axially to contact a surface of header assembly  180 . 
     In the exemplary embodiment, lock arm  224  is arranged to engage a base  182  of header assembly  180 . For example, lock arm  224  has a length that enables lock arm  224  to contact and extend along a side of base  182 . In the exemplary embodiment, the length of lock arm  224  in the axial direction is greater than a thickness of washer  212 . Lock arm  224  includes a relatively flat tab that engages a planar surface of header assembly  180 . Accordingly, lock arm  224  prevents rotation of third lock member  210  and second lock member  206  when second lock member  206  is coupled to third lock member  210 . In some embodiments, the position of lock arm  224  is adjustable. 
       FIG. 23  is a perspective view of another embodiment of a fastener assembly designated generally by reference numeral  242 . Fastener assembly  242  is similar to fastener assembly  200  (shown in  FIG. 14 ) except fastener assembly  242  includes a third lock member  244  having a pair of lock arms  246 . Third lock member  244  is configured to couple to second lock member  206  for rotation therewith. In alternative embodiments, fastener assembly  242  includes any components that enable fastener assembly  242  to function as described herein. 
       FIG. 24  is a perspective view of third lock member  244 .  FIG. 25  is a top view of third lock member  244 .  FIG. 26  is a bottom view of third lock member  244 .  FIG. 27  is a side view of third lock member  244 . Third lock member  244  includes lock arms  246  and an inner portion  248 . Inner portion  248  defines an aperture  250  sized to receive threaded member  102  (shown in  FIG. 23 ) and a plurality of openings  252  sized to receive pins  208  (shown in  FIG. 23 ). Inner portion  248  is substantially planar. In alternative embodiments, third lock member  244  includes any inner portion  248  that enables third lock member  244  to function as described herein. 
     In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, lock arms  246  and inner portion  248  are permanently joined together. For example, lock arms  246  and inner portion  248  are integrally formed as a single piece. In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, the positions of lock arms  246  are fixed relative to inner portion  248 . In alternative embodiments, lock arms  246  are coupled to inner portion  248  in any manner that enables fastener assembly  200  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, at least one of lock arms  246  is positionable relative to inner portion  248 . In further embodiments, lock arms  246  are releasably coupled to inner portion  248 . 
     Also, in the exemplary embodiment, lock arms  246  extend from an outer edge of inner portion  248  at least partly in an axial direction. Lock arms  246  are positioned on opposite sides of inner portion  248 . Inner portion  248  and each lock arm  246  define an angle  254 . In some embodiments, angle  254  is in a range of about 45° to about 135°. In the exemplary embodiment, angle  254  is approximately 90°. In alternative embodiments, third lock member  244  includes any lock arm  246  that enables third lock member  244  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, third lock member  244  includes three or more lock arms  246 . 
       FIG. 28  is a perspective view of a pair of fastener assemblies  242  secured to header assembly  180 .  FIG. 29  is a side view of fastener assembly  242  and header assembly  180 . In the exemplary embodiment, lock arms  246  are arranged to engage sides of header assembly  180  and prevent rotation of third lock member  244  in two directions. Accordingly, lock arms  246  prevent rotation of third lock member  244  when threaded member  202  is tightened and prevent loosening of fastener assembly  242  when fastener assembly  242  is in the locked configuration. 
       FIG. 30  is a perspective view of another embodiment of a fastener assembly, designated generally by reference numeral  300 . Fastener assembly  300  includes a threaded member  302 , a first lock member  304 , and a second lock member  306 . In alternative embodiments, fastener assembly  300  includes any components that enable fastener assembly  300  to function as described herein. 
       FIG. 31  is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of fastener assembly  300 , showing ratchet teeth  308  of first lock member  304  engaged with at least one lock tooth  310  of second lock member  306 . Fastener assembly  300  has a locked configuration in which at least one lock tooth  310  of second lock member  306  engages ratchet teeth  308  of first lock member  304  and an unlocked configuration in which at least one lock tooth  310  is spaced from ratchet teeth  308 . For example, second lock member  306  includes a pair of diametrically opposite tabs  312  having lock teeth  310 . Tabs  312  are deflectable to switch fastener assembly  300  between the locked configuration and the unlocked configuration. In some embodiments, a tool (not shown) is used to switch fastener assembly  300  between the locked configuration and the unlocked configuration. 
       FIG. 32  is a side view of threaded member  302  and first lock member  304  of fastener assembly  300 . Threaded member  302  includes a head  314  and a threaded body portion  316  extending along a longitudinal axis  318 . Also, in the exemplary embodiment, threaded member  302  and first lock member  304  are integrally formed as a single piece. Accordingly, fastener assembly  300  may be simpler to assemble than fastener assemblies including multiple pieces. 
     In the exemplary embodiment, first lock member  304  includes an outer circumferential surface  320  extending about longitudinal axis  318 . Ratchet teeth  308  extend radially outward from outer circumferential surface  320 . In alternative embodiments, fastener assembly  300  includes any first lock member  304  that enables fastener assembly  300  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, ratchet teeth  308  extend axially from a surface of first lock member  304  to engage at least one axially extending lock tooth  310 . 
       FIG. 33  is a perspective view of second lock member  306 .  FIG. 34  is a top view of second lock member  306 .  FIG. 35  is a side view of second lock member  306 . Second lock member  306  includes an inner portion  322  and an outer portion  324 . Inner portion  322  defines an aperture  326  extending therethrough. Aperture  326  is sized to receive threaded member  302  (shown in  FIG. 32 ). In alternative embodiments, fastener assembly  300  includes any second lock member  306  that enables fastener assembly  300  to function as described herein. 
     Also, in the exemplary embodiment, outer portion  324  includes at least one tab  312  and at least one lock arm  328 ,  330 . In the exemplary embodiment, outer portion  324  includes a pair of diametrically opposite tabs  312  extending circumferentially about and axially from inner portion  322 . Each tab  312  has a free end  332  and a proximal end  334  joined to inner portion  322 . Each free end  332  includes a plurality of lock teeth  310 . In addition, each tab  312  includes bends  336  between proximal end  334  and free end  332 . Bends  336  are configured such that lock teeth  310  on free ends  332  of tabs  312  extend radially inward toward ratchet teeth  308  of first lock member  304  (shown in  FIG. 31 ). 
     In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, outer portion  324  includes a first lock arm  328  and a second lock arm  330 . Each lock arm  328 ,  330  extends radially outward from inner portion  322 . First lock arm  328  extends from a location on inner portion  322  adjacent to proximal end  334  of one of tabs  312 . Second lock arm  330  extends from a location on inner portion  322  adjacent to proximal end  334  of another one of tabs  312 . First lock arm  328  and second lock arm  330  extend at oblique angles to each other and along axes that do not intersect longitudinal axis  318 . In alternative embodiments, second lock member  306  includes any lock arm,  328 ,  330  that enables second lock member  306  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, second lock member  306  includes a single lock arm  328 ,  330 . In further embodiments, second lock member  306  includes three or more lock arms  328 ,  330 . 
     Moreover, in the exemplary embodiment, inner portion  322 , first lock arm  328 , and second lock arm  330  are substantially planar. In the exemplary embodiment, tabs  312  extend at least partly axially from inner portion  322 . Accordingly, tabs  312  are non-planar with inner portion  322 , first lock arm  328 , and second lock arm  330  when second lock member  306  is in a lock configuration. Tabs  312  are deflectable into a space defined about inner portion  322 . In alternative embodiments, second lock member  306  has any configuration that enables second lock member  206  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, first lock arm  328  and/or second lock arm  330  extend at least in part axially from inner portion  322 . 
     Also, in the exemplary embodiment, first lock arm  328  and second lock arm  330  are rectangular. For example, first lock arm  328  and second lock arm  330  each have a proximal end  338 , a free end  340 , and a pair of parallel sides  342  extending between proximal end  338  and free end  340 . At least one side  342  of each lock arm  328 ,  330  is configured to engage a surface and inhibit rotation of second lock member  306 . In addition, first lock arm  328  and second lock arm  330  each have a length and a width. In the illustrated embodiment, first lock arm  328  is longer than second lock arm  330 . The widths of first lock arm  328  and second lock arm  330  are substantially equal. 
     Also, in some embodiments, first lock arm  328  and second lock arm  330  define a plurality of notches extending between sides  342 . The notches may facilitate adjusting the length of first lock arm  328  and second lock arm  330 . For example, notches may allow one or more sections of first lock arm  328  or second lock arm  330  to be removed to adjust the length of the lock arm. Accordingly, second lock member  306  may accommodate elements having different shapes and sizes and second lock member  306  may be used in a variety of applications. 
     In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, first lock arm  328  and second lock arm  330  define an angle  344 . For example, in some embodiments, angle  344  is in a range of about 1° to about 180°. In further embodiments, angle  344  is in a range of about 35° to about 90°. In alternative embodiments, second lock member  306  includes any lock arm  328 ,  330  that enables second lock member  306  to function as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, the position of first lock arm  328  and/or second lock arm  330  is adjustable. 
       FIG. 36  is a perspective view of a plurality of fastener assemblies  300  secured to a header assembly  346 .  FIG. 37  is a top view of fastener assemblies  300  and header assembly  346 .  FIG. 38  is an enlarged top view of one of the plurality of fastener assemblies and a portion of the header assembly  346 . Fastener assembly  300  is configured to secure two or more elements, such as header assembly  346  and a manifold assembly, together. Fastener assembly  300  is configured to engage a surface of header assembly  346 , or another element, to prevent loosening of fastener assembly  300  when fastener assembly  300  is in a locked configuration. For example, fastener assembly  300  includes lock arms  328 ,  330  that extend radially outward from fastener assembly  300  to contact a surface of header assembly  346 . 
     In the exemplary embodiment, lock arms  328 ,  330  are arranged to engage a circumferential wall of header assembly  346  to prevent rotation of fastener assembly  300 . In some embodiments, first lock arm  328  or second lock arm  330  acts as a spacer to position the other lock arm  328 ,  330  relative to header assembly  346 . For example, first lock arm  328  and second lock arm extend on opposite sides of fastener assembly  300  and contact the surface of header assembly  346  at circumferentially spaced apart locations. Lock arms  328 ,  330  prevent rotation of fastener assembly  300  when threaded member  302  is tightened and prevent loosening of fastener assembly  300  when fastener assembly  300  is in the locked configuration. 
     The fastener components as described herein provide locking and vibration resistant fastener assemblies. For example, as described in the embodiments herein, when a tool is removed from the associated fastener assembly, teeth on the lock member and/or fastener engage the notches or teeth of the respective lock washer. When the teeth are engaged, the fastener and/or member is rotationally locked due to the rotational locking relationship of the lock washer to the teeth. When the tool is applied to the fastener assembly, the lock member is displaced to disengage the teeth from the notches. When the teeth are disengaged from the notches, the fastener and/or member is rotationally free relative to the lock washer and the fitting body. The fastener assembly may include one or more lock arms that engage a surface to prevent rotation of the fastener assembly relative to the surface when the fastener assembly is in the locked configuration. 
     Exemplary embodiments of systems and methods for rotationally locked fastener assemblies are described above. The systems and methods are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein but, rather, components of the systems and/or operations of the methods may be utilized independently and separately from other components and/or operations described herein. Further, the described components and/or operations may also be defined in, or used in combination with, other systems, methods, and/or devices, and are not limited to practice with only the systems described herein. 
     Although specific features of various embodiments of the disclosure may be shown in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience only. In accordance with the principles of the disclosure, any feature of a drawing may be referenced and/or claimed in combination with any feature of any other drawing. 
     This written description uses examples to disclose the embodiments, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the embodiments, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.