Patent Publication Number: US-2016225506-A1

Title: Unique magnetic effect and applications

Description:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention describes a unique magnetic attraction effect between two soft iron parts. One soft iron part is a profile, with a slot, having a conductor inside the profile. The second soft iron part, named the armature can have any shape or form, as long as it covers the slot in the profile 
     A short electrical pulse into the conductor permanently attracts the profile and the armature to each other, even after the pulse is removed. 
     This is a unique magnetic attraction, contrary to what is known today that two soft iron parts do not become permanent magnets even after some form of pulsing or charging. 
     If the armature, in this patent application, is made to rotate on a shaft and bearings, it can be a rotor for a motor that uses this magnetic effect. If this rotor is surrounded by a plurality of profiles which are having conductor/conductors inside the profiles, and are pulsed in synchronism with the rotors angular position, the rotor will continue to rotate as long as pulses are supplied. This motor is again unique because the armature/rotor has no copper windings, no magnets and has no laminations. It is also unique because the plurality of armatures or motor stators, which contains no multiplicities of copper windings, is only having inside conductors for pulse application. 
     This unique magnetic effect, can be either used to assemble soft iron parts into mechanical assemblies, or for toys or puzzles, or it can be used as an electric motor. Regardless of its future uses, it is both described here and in this Paten Application, as the “Gerfast effect”. 
     BACKGROUND AND RELATED ART 
     Many text books are describing the usual magnetic properties. 
     Bosorth in “Ferro magnetism” explains “magnetic attraction” as occurring when small magnetic domains align themselves” 
     John Mallinson in his book “Fundamentals of magnetic recording” explains it more precisely: Iron has 26 electrons orbiting around the proton. The electrons are organized in successive electron atomic shells: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, etc. with all these shells having an equal number of electrons spinning “up” as spinning “down”. 
     In shell 3d, however, 5 electrons is spinning “up” but only one electron is spinning “down” It is this un-balance that accounts for the unusual property of iron being a magnetic material that can be magnetized, and de-magnetized. 
     The Applicant postulates that a momentary pulse into a conductor in the slotted profile upsets the balance in the 3d electron shell to a possible 4 “up” 2 “down” or a 3 “up” 3 “down” and is describing this as “the Gerfast Effect”. 
     A momentary pulse in a conductor obeys the known “right hand rule” and “the left hand rule” shown in many text books, and also in  FIG. 5   
     It is also very well known that the magnetic flux lines has a “reluctance” to travel in air, and therefore travels in any magnetic material that surrounds the conductor. 
     In this Application the conductor is surrounded by a soft iron profile in which the flux lines is traveling, and is being enhanced by the soft iron. 
     However the profile has a slot, which is “air”, and therefore “urges” the magnetic lines to attract the adjacent “armature” to close any air gap. 
     All electrons are spinning at a tremendous speed around any proton, and it would be expected that any change from the normal “5 up-1 down” in iron would occur very rapidly. 
     However iron has a “known reluctance” before any magnetic change occurs. 
     This reluctance is described in the text books as: 
     The opposition offered by a magnetic potential difference, to opposite flux.” 
     It is therefore reasonable to expect that a current and voltage pulse of some time period is needed to overcome the reluctance and to achieve a magnetic attractive “bonding”. 
     This time period would of course depend on the pulse source&#39;s capability, the dimensions of the profile and the armature, and the resistance/impedense of the conductor. 
     The unique magnetic effect described in some claims in this Application are stated as “permanent”, but the Applicant can only state that the permanent attraction has been verified for approximately 9 months between a profile and an armature. After that the profile and the armature are pulled apart, they revert to their non-magnetic soft iron state. 
     Text books are stating the usual known fact that any magnetic effect, meaning that any magnetic attraction or repulsion, is governed by “magnetic square law”. A magnet will attract an iron part by a magnetic attractive force that is increasing by the square of the distance between the two parts. This fact can be used, for example, in a motors air gap between the rotor and the stator, If the motors air gap is decreased by half the magnetic flux in the gap increases by a factor of four. 
     In this Application it is stated: “in close proximity” or “ closely spaced” to make use of the square law. 
     In summary: The motor described in this invention does not have 
     1 any magnets 
     2 any laminations 
     3 any windings 
     4 any brushes 
     5 any commutator 
     For reference some magnetic fundamentals from text books are listed here: 
     Permeability of Materials 
     Permeability= 
     “The property of a magnetizable substance that determines the degree in which it modifies the magnetic flux in the region occupied by it, in a magnetic field.” 
     Iron=200 to 5,000 permeability. 
     “Cold rolled”=180 to 2,000 permeability. 
     Reluctance of Materials 
     Reluctance= 
     “The opposition offered by a magnetic potential difference, to the opposite flux.” (Which is the reciprocal of magnetic Permeability) 
     Magnetic field due to current I in a circular conductor with a radius r equals 
     
       
         
           
             
                 
             
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     (“Making soft iron into permanent magnets” is named “The Gerfast effect”) 
     Annealing is increasing magnetic flux 
     “Soft iron” includes cold rolled, silicon containing iron, purified iron, cast iron. 
     Square, round, oval, triangular, irregular profile having a slot in one face with a flat area next to the slot are to be considered in this Application. 
     Long section (24 inches, profile/armature) have usefully been magnetized. 
     “Armature” definition: “Soft iron that connects the poles of a magnet”  
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is showing a soft iron profile and a soft iron armature. The profile is having an inside conductor and also indicating a pulse source. 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of a motor having a rotor and four armatures in close proximity to the rotor with a shaft and bearings to rotate inside the armatures numbered  1  through  4 . A conductor is shown between  1  and  3  and another conductor is shown between  2  and  4 . This is all inside a motor housing. 
         FIG. 3  Is showing the side view of the same motor with the shaft and bearings with the motor housing opened up to show rotor and armatures. 
         FIG. 4  Is showing some of the possible profiles that can be used in this invention. 
         FIG. 5  Is a side view of a conductor with the classical “right hand rule” and the “left hand rule” magnetic flux lines explained in most text books. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is showing a soft iron profile  20  and a soft iron armature  30  and a conductor  40  inside the profile. A pulse source is shown at  50 . The overall device is numbered  10 . Lines  22  and  23  are indicating that both the profile and the armature can be increased or decreased in length to make a much longer assembly then what is shown in  FIG. 1   
       FIG. 2  is a top view of a motor  25  having a rotor  35  and four profiles  45  in close proximity to the rotor  35  with a shaft  55  and bearings  65  to rotate inside the profiles  45 . 
     The profiles  45  are numbered  1  trough  4 . A conductor  75  is shown between  1  and  3  and another conductor  85  is shown between  2  and  4 , carrying current between a pair of profiles  45  from a source  50 . 
     This is all inside a motor housing  95 . 
       FIG. 3  Is showing the side view of the same motor  25  with the shaft  55  and bearings  65  with the motor housing  95  opened up to show rotor  35  and profiles  45 . 
       FIG. 4  Is showing some of the possible profiles  45  that can be used in this invention. Profiles  45   a,    45   b,    45   c,    45   d,    45   e  and  45   f,  are shown. 
       FIG. 5  Is a side view of a conductor  40  with the classical “right hand rule” and the “left hand rule” magnetic flux lines explained in most text books. 
     Depending if the conductor  40  carries current towards the viewer or away from the viewer the “left or right hand” rule applies.