Patent Publication Number: US-RE46651-E

Title: Apparatus and methods for organizing and/or presenting data

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/002,793, filed Nov. 15, 2001 and entitled “Apparatus and Method for Organizing and/or Presenting Data”, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,961,731 and which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/248,802, filed Nov. 15, 2000 and entitled “Apparatus, Storage Medium, System and Methods for Organizing and/or Presenting Data”, which is also hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. This application is a Reissue application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/129,938, filed May 16, 2005 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,054,870) and entitled “Apparatus and Methods for Organizing and/or Presenting Data,” which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/002,793, filed Nov. 15, 2001 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,961,731) and entitled “Apparatus and Method for Organizing and/or Presenting Data,” which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/248,802, filed on Nov. 15, 2000, and entitled “Apparatus, Storage Medium, System and Methods for Organizing and/or Presenting Data,” each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the organization and/or presentation of data. In some embodiments, the present invention relates to the presentation of database search results by a graphical user interface. 
     Many known Internet search engines, for example, accept a search request, such as a search string query, over Internet communication links from a user via a user&#39;s browser. The user&#39;s query initiates a search by a search of a database of web sites, or information about the content of various web sites, and returns “matching” web sites to the user. One such popular search engine is Yahoo.com. Internet search engines are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,933,822 to Braden-Harder et al, issued on Aug. 3, 1999, assigned to Microsoft Corporation, entitled “Apparatus and Methods from an Information Retrieval System that Employs Natural Language Processing of Search Results to Improve Overall Precision,” and which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     Typically, Internet search engines rank search results in numerical order based upon some relevance criteria. Search engines typically download their search results comprising a numerical ranking as a sequential textual list of matching web sites, which is subsequently displayed by the user&#39;s browser. For example, the first page of a search result may provide a numerically ordered listing of the first 10 or 20 web sites matching a user&#39;s search criteria. To view a listing of the next 10 or 20 web sites, a new page of the search results typically must be downloaded, and so on. The user typically accesses the list of the next 10 or 20 web sites by clicking on “next” icon at the bottom of the browser display page. 
     The textual list for each matching web site usually includes a short description of each respective web site and a “hyperlink” to the site to enable the user to access the web site. This typical prior art presentation of search results provides no further grouping of matching web sites. The numerically ordered group is presented in a textual long list. Oftentimes, the search results are altered to place certain results at the top of the list for a fee, whether or not they are most relevant to the user&#39;s query. 
     Some search engines are capable of searching one or more databases of web sites that include numerous categories and subcategories among which the web sites are grouped. The categories can be organized, for example, in multiple layers, or levels, each such layer or level being more specific than the previous one, such as in a hierarchical “category tree”. For example, near the top level of such a tree, e.g., the first level below the root level, may contain numerous, perhaps 10 or 20 general or “parent” categories. For instance, Arts, Business, Sports, and Science may be examples of such parent categories. Each parent category may be further divided into more specific subcategories. For instance, a Sports category can be further subdivided into subcategories such as Baseball, Basketball, Football, and Hockey. Each first level subcategory can be further subdivided into even more specific (lower level) subcategories. For instance, the first level subcategory, Baseball, can be divided into second level subcategories, such as College, Fantasy, Major League, and Minor League. Some or all of the second level subcategories may be further divided into third level subcategories, and so on. This branching of the category tree continues as far as the web directory or database provides, until all categories and subcategories are included. 
     With the use of the category tree generally described above, each web site in the database can be assigned or has a “category path.” For instance, for a search under the query “cars”, a search engine may identify numerous category paths for the matching web sites that satisfy the query. The following are examples of such category paths: 
     SPORTS: AUTO RACING: DRAG RACING: FUNNY CARS 
     HOME: CONSUMERS: INFORMATION: PRODUCT REVIEWS: AUTOS 
     ARTS: MUSIC: BANDS AND ARTISTS: C: THE CARS 
     SPORTS: AUTO RACING: DRAG RACING: PERSONAL 
     Referring to the first exemplary category path above, the first listed term “SPORTS” is referred to herein as the “parent category”, the next term “AUTO RACING” being the “first level subcategory” followed by the “second level subcategory” “DRAG RACING” and so on, each category/subcategory separated by a colon “:”. 
     Some search engines are capable of downloading and presenting the user with the category paths associated with the matching web sites in the format of a list spanning numerous pages. This category path format provides a second conventional option for displaying search results, in addition to the aforementioned method of listing the matching web sites in numerically ranked order. Instead of presenting the user with a list of ranked web sites, this category path option presents a textual list of category paths. 
     Prior art search engines may combine these two search result presentation formats. For example, the first exemplary format may be incorporated into the second format with the use of a hyperlink to a listing of the matching web sites that fall within a particular category path. In one example, text, such as “5 matches found”, may be shown adjacent the category path, such as “SPORTS: AUTO RACING: DRAG RACING: FUNNY CARS (5 matches found).” Selecting or clicking on the text “5 matches found” could lead to a listing of the web sites and links to the sites. Another known data presentation format lists the matching web sites of the category path directly underneath the category path name. Some existing search engines provide access to a listing of all web sites in the entire web directory that fall within a particular category path, such as by the user selecting or clicking on the category path itself. 
     Considering existing database search presentation, organization and navigation technology, there is a need for a data presentation and/or navigation method or apparatus that concisely presents relevant data to the user, aggregates the data elements, enables the user to efficiently evaluate and review the data, addresses one or more other concern stated or inferred anywhere in this patent, Or includes one or more feature of the present invention described or shown herein, or otherwise advances the technology of data organization, presentation or navigation. 
     (It should be noted that the above-described prior art and the features are only examples. Merely by mentioning such example prior art features, it is not intended that each claim of this patent be limited to exclude each such feature and disadvantage. Accordingly, none of the appended claims should be limited in any way by the above discussion or construed to include or exclude the cited prior art features, except and only to the extent as may be expressly stated in a particular claim. Further, the example of Internet search engines and searching web sites is only one implementation of the present invention—the present invention can be used with any taxonomy-based, category tree or hierarchical-structured database.) 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In various embodiments, the present invention involves a computer-implemented method of allowing navigation of and access to a plurality of data elements residing within a category-tree database, the category-tree database being structured with a plurality of parent categories and at least one plurality of subcategories. The plurality of subcategories directly below the parent categories in the category tree are “first level subcategories”. Any subcategories directly below the first level subcategories in the category tree are “second level subcategories”, and so on. Each data element has a category path that includes a parent category and at least one subcategory. Each data element resides within the category-tree database at a subcategory included in its category path. The method includes providing a distinct parent category symbol on a single primary web page for each parent category in the category paths of the plurality of data elements. A distinct data element symbol is provided for each data element of the plurality of data elements, each data element symbol including a link to the data element it represents. On the primary web page, for each data element, the corresponding data element symbol is associated with the parent category symbol of its parent category. 
     For each parent category represented on the primary web page, a distinct first level web page is provided that includes a first level subcategory symbol for each first level subcategory in each category path of the data element(s) associated with that parent category, along with the data element symbol for each such data element. Each such data element symbol is shown associated with its respective first level subcategory symbol. For each depicted first level subcategory having at least one associated data element that includes a second level subcategory in its category path, a distinct second level web page is provided that includes a second level subcategory symbol for each such second level subcategory and the data element symbol for each such at least one associated data element. 
     In some embodiments, the present invention involves a computer-implemented method for representing a plurality of data elements on a first web page and capable of representing particular subsets of the data elements on additional respective web pages. Each data element has at least one characteristic. On the first web page, a data element symbol is provided for each data element and the data element symbols are arranged into a first set of groups based upon the commonality of at least one characteristic of each data element included in each respective group. If it is desired to display, in separate groups, the data elements of any group among the first set of groups, a second level web page is provided that includes the data element symbols of such group separated into a second set of groups based upon the commonality of at least one characteristic of each data element included in each respective second set of groups. The first web page is hyper-linked to each second level web page. If it is desired to display, in separate groups, the data elements of any group among any of the second set of groups, a third level web page is provided that includes the data element symbols of such group separated into a third set of groups based upon the commonality of at least one characteristic of each data element included in each respective group of such third set of groups. Each second level web page is hyper-linked with its corresponding third level web pages. 
     There are embodiments of the preset invention that involve a computer-implemented method of allowing access to the results of a search of a hierarchical category-tree database. The category-tree database is arranged with at least two levels of categories, the search results including a plurality of data elements. Each data element resides at a category in the category-tree database and has a category path of the category-tree database. A separate category symbol is provided for each category appearing in any category path of the plurality of data elements, each category symbol being provided on at least one among a plurality of web pages based upon the category level at which the category it represents belongs, whereby at least one such web page is provided for each pertinent category level. At each category symbol, access is provided to all data elements residing at the category represented by such category symbol and all other of the plurality of data elements having such category in its category path and residing at a lower category in the category-tree database. 
     In various embodiments, the present invention involves a computer-implemented method for representing and allowing the navigation of database search results. The database search results include a plurality of data elements. Each data element has at least one characteristic. On a single page, the plurality of data elements is displayed in groups based upon the commonality of at least one characteristic among the data elements in each such group. Each data element is represented by a distinct symbol and each group is represented by a distinct symbol. At least one item of information is provided about each data element within its respective group symbol. At least one item of information is provided about each separate group within its respective symbol. For each group, a hyperlink is provided to a distinct second level page showing the data elements of such group displayed in sub-groups based upon the commonality of at least one characteristic among the data elements in each such sub-group. On each page, a hyperlink is provided to each data element shown on such page. 
     In some embodiments, the present invention involves a computer-implemented method of creating a multi-level graphical user interface for displaying and allowing the navigation of database search results. The database has a taxonomy category-tree structure, the database search results being in the form of a plurality of data elements, each data element having a URL and a category path. A limited category tree of the search results is created based upon the category paths of data elements. A plurality of hyperlinked web pages is created for displaying the data elements in the context of each level of the limited category tree, including, on a single web page, displaying the plurality of data elements in the context of the first level of the limited category tree. For all data elements having a common first level in their respective category paths, such data elements are displayed in the context of the second level categories in their respective category paths on a distinct second level web page. For all data elements displayed on a second level web page, such data elements are displayed in the context of the third level categories in their respective category paths on a distinct third level web page. A hyperlink is provided to each data element on any web page where such data element is displayed. 
     In accordance with the present invention, some embodiments involve a computer-implemented method of displaying multiple clusters of search result icons on the desired display space of a web page. Each search result icon represents a data element residing within a database and selected based upon a search of the database. At least twenty search result icons are displayed. The search result icons are arranged in clusters, each cluster including the search result icons representing data elements having at least one common characteristic. A first cluster, being the cluster having the fewest number of search result icons, is positioned generally in the upper right hand corner of the display space on the web page. A second cluster, being the cluster having the greatest number of search result icons, is positioned generally diagonally downwardly and to the left of the first cluster on the display space on the web page. A third cluster, being the remaining cluster having the fewest number of search result icons, is positioned generally below the first cluster. If there are any remaining clusters, a fourth cluster, being the remaining cluster having the fewest number of search result icons, is positioned generally below the second cluster. If there are any remaining clusters, a fifth cluster, being the remaining cluster having the greatest number of search result icons, is positioned generally below the third cluster. If there are any remaining clusters, a sixth cluster, being the remaining cluster having the fewest number of search result icons, is positioned generally below the fourth cluster. If there are any remaining clusters, a seventh cluster, being the remaining cluster having the fewest number of search result icons, is positioned generally below the fifth cluster. If there are any remaining clusters. an eighth cluster, being the remaining cluster having the greatest number of search result icons, is positioned generally below the sixth cluster. 
     Accordingly, the present invention includes features and advantages which are believed to enable it to advance data organization, presentation or navigation technology. Characteristics and advantages of the present invention described above and additional features and benefits will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of preferred embodiments and referring to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a detailed description of presently preferred embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an example computer system; 
         FIG. 2  is an illustration of an example short screen; 
         FIG. 3  is an illustration of an example search results presentation; 
         FIG. 4  is an illustration of an example search results presentation; 
         FIG. 5  is an illustration of an example search results presentation; 
         FIG. 6  is an illustration of an example search results presentation; 
         FIG. 7  is an illustration of an option in an example presentation; 
         FIG. 8  is an illustration of an option in an example presentation; 
         FIG. 9  is an illustration of an example textual presentation; 
         FIG. 10  is an illustration of an example GUI software script; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a flow chart for an example embodiment; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a flow chart for an example embodiment; 
         FIG. 13  illustrates an example code segment; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates an example code segment; 
         FIG. 15a  illustrates an example code segment; 
         FIG. 15b  illustrates an example code segment; 
         FIG. 16  illustrates an example GUI; 
         FIG. 17  illustrates an example GUI; 
         FIG. 18  illustrates an example code segment for rendering an example GUI; 
         FIG. 19  illustrates an example code segment for rendering an example GUI; 
         FIG. 20  illustrates an example code segment for rendering an example GUI; 
         FIG. 21  is an illustration of an example presentation showing an extended list of matching categories; 
         FIG. 22  is an illustration showing an alternative example presentation; 
         FIG. 23  is an illustration showing an alternative example presentation; 
         FIG. 24  is an illustration showing an alternative example presentation; 
         FIG. 25  illustrates an example code segment; 
         FIG. 26  illustrates an example code segment; 
         FIG. 27  illustrates an example code segment; 
         FIG. 28  illustrates an example category search list; 
         FIG. 29  illustrates an example flow chart; 
         FIG. 30  illustrates an example generic XML API 
         FIG. 31  illustrates an example XML; 
         FIG. 32  illustrates an example XML API; 
         FIG. 33  illustrates an example XML API; 
         FIG. 34  illustrates two example levels of hierarchy presented with aggregate data. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Presently preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the above-identified figures and described in detail below. It should be understood that the appended drawings and description herein are of preferred embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention or the appended claims. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. In showing and describing the preferred embodiments, like or identical reference numerals are used to identify common or similar elements. The figures are not necessarily to scale and certain features and certain views of the figures may be shown exaggerated in scale or in schematic in the interest of clarity and conciseness. 
     As used herein and throughout all the various portions (and headings) of this patent, the terms “invention”, “present invention” and variations thereof mean one or more embodiment, and are not intended to mean the claimed invention of any particular appended claim(s) or all of the appended claims. Accordingly, the subject or topic of each such reference is not automatically or necessarily part of, or required by, any particular claim(s) merely because of such reference. For example, the following DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS sections of this patent discuss non-limiting examples, or embodiments, of the invention. Such discussions and the details thereof are not intended and should not be construed to be required by any claim unless and only to the extent expressly required in the claim itself. 
     As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings: 
     The term “user” and variations thereof means one or more persons, entity or electronic media conducting a search, interested in search results or viewing search results of a database. The present invention is not and should not be limited in any way by who or what is or can be a user. 
     The terms “select”, “clicking” and variations thereof means any action resulting in the selection of an option or variable provided to a user or depicted (such as by demarcated text or an icon) on a computer display, screen or other mechanism and can be accomplished in any suitable manner, such as without limitation by the user clicking the computer pointer device on the area of the screen where an option is displayed, by touch, by voice or by using one or more keys on the computer keyboard. The present invention is not and should not be limited in any way by the methods or mechanisms used for selecting or clicking. 
     The term “Internet” and variations thereof means the Internet or World Wide Web, such as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,960,411 to Harman et al, issued on Sep. 28, 1999 and entitled “Method and System for Placing a Purchase Order Via a Communications Network”, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The Internet is used herein as merely an example of an information retrieval system with which the present invention can be used. The present invention can be used with any suitable information retrieval system, communications or computer network (such as a LAN or WAN) and is not and should not be limited in any way by the database, system or methods or mechanisms with which it is used. 
     The terms “search engine”, “conventional search engine” and variations thereof mean computer programs or code, program instructions, software or other media capable of performing a search of data or making information accessible via the Internet conducted. Conventional search engines typically reside on “server” computers. A person having access to the Internet can access and use such search engines through browser, or other, software that may reside, for example, on a “client” computer. Client and server computers are connected as is known in the art, such as by communication links over the Internet. The browser or other software on the client computer is capable of sending requests to server computers and displaying web pages downloaded from server computers. There are or in the future may be other methods of accessing search engines and conducting searches on the Internet or other computer networks or information retrieval systems. This aspect is also not limiting upon the present invention or the appended claims. 
     The present invention includes one or more of the following features, capabilities or attributes; provides a user-friendly, intuitive graphical user interface for the presentation and review of search results from any hierarchically organized database; provides a graphical user interface (GUI) that enables the navigation of an unstructured list of data elements, e.g., search results of a database; provides data elements are classified within the leaf-nodes or intermediate nodes of a hierarchical category node tree; e.g., a library structure; provides an engine for building a GUI that utilizes only the two attributes per data element, a text string indicating the category path, and a URL for accessing the data element—if desired, a data element description or excerpt (e.g., JPEG, MPEG, or audio) may also be included; enables implementation of a simple API utilizing the aforementioned two GUI attributes; includes a GUI engine that operates independently of the library structure associated with the accessed database; includes a GUI that displays one hierarchical level at a time; presents all aggregate data elements for a displayed category with paths that are implied; displays all matching sibling category nodes at each level; any displayed category node can be “drilled-down” to the next lower hierarchical level of the category tree or “drilled out” to immediately access a data element; each category node may be presented as a circle with the node&#39;s corresponding category name; if desired, the size of the category node circle indicates the number of elements aggregate to that node, relative to the total number of data elements; the relative size of the category nodes may be linear, logarithmic or based on another relative sizing formula to enable a visualization of all displayed category nodes on a single display; the aggregate data elements of a category node are those elements that are classified within any leaf-node or intermediate level node that falls below the displayed category node in the hierarchical order; the aggregate number of data elements may also be displayed within the circle; includes a GUI that displays a subset of the list of data elements, e.g., the first 50, with the elements aggregate to a category node explicitly displayed as icons arranged in a cluster around the node&#39;s category name; category members or data elements with category icons displayed may be shape or color coded to indicate subsequent sub-categories with the displayed category icon; at any point during the GUI navigation, selecting any displayed category member icon will either display an optional element description or excerpt or enable the user to “drill-out” (access the data) on a desired element without having to completely “drill-down” (successively visit each subsequent level of the categories to access the lowest level node and data element) the GUI; downloads a program or script to generate HTML at the client to display each and every GUI graphical data presentation without having to access the server again for additional HTML instructions; provides a navigable, multi-tiered set of web pages or screens, and, if desired, also showing matching web sites or data base elements by rank number; is capable of accomplishing at least one of the following: (1) separating, categorizing and/or graphically displaying numerous web sites or data elements based upon their respective parent categories, subcategories, category paths or a combination thereof; (2) distinguishing various web sites or other data elements from each other for display on one or more web pages or screens using text, images, color coding, other methods or any combination thereof; (3) displaying representations of matching web sites or data base elements to a search query on a single web page or screen; (4) providing multiple web pages or screens showing matching web sites in different formats, such as graphically and textually, and/or in different contexts, such as in the context of parent categories and all or some levels of subcategories; (5) graphically displaying aggregate data with implied path information with drill down and drill out capability; other features evidence from the following description or the appended drawings. 
     Some embodiments of the present invention may be useful, for example, with any type of automated, electronic or computerized information retrieval system and any mechanism or method, such as computer program instructions or software, or other technology, for searching data accessible therewith and is not limited in any way thereby. 
     Some embodiments of the present invention may be useful to traverse and graphically display any hierarchical file structure, for example, Windows Explorer or a genealogical family tree. Files or data elements may comprise video, picture, text or sound. Some embodiments of the present invention may hide explicit downward path information, however, downward path information is implied and made explicit in graphical format as an option by left clicking on a category member icon and selecting a downward path option. Some embodiment of the present invention may be useful to provide advertisements within category icons to increase click through for advertisers therein. 
     The present invention may be advantageously applied to other uses. For example, Microsoft® Windows® visually presents computer files in a folder-subfolder format. In this format, folders and subfolders must be consecutively selected to ultimately reach the resident data files. In contrast, the present invention may be used to immediately display the same resident files, but with implied paths. Thus, the present invention may be an effective substitute or alternative to the folder-subfolder scheme. In still another application, the present invention may be configured as a software application that is used to access files such as scanned photographs. “Thumbnails” of those photographs can, for example, be shown in the pop-up menu that appears as a mouse scrolls over the category members. In still another application, the present invention may be configured as a software application that tracks and presents information relating to the genealogy of a family. For example, conventional genealogy-related software applications generate pyramid or tree shaped charts that depict the genealogical relationship between members of a family. The present invention may also be used to show genealogical relationships. The present invention could be designed to illustrate the relationship between family members without the clutter of intermediate family members; i.e., all the great-grand children of a person may be shown can be shown without showing the children and grandchildren of that person (of course, those family members are the “implied paths”). 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating the overall general computer configuration of one embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited in any way to the following description or any particular computer configuration. Further, the hardware and/or software and/or other apparatus or medium used to practice the present invention in no way limits the present invention. The server side  104  of the exemplary computer network  100  of  FIG. 1  includes one or more server computer systems  104 a or other hardware capable of storing and allowing operation of Common Gateway Interface (CGI) computer software  105 a as well as the storage of various data files  105 b for retrieval by the client&#39;s browser  102 , according to the present invention, and one or more server computer systems  104 b or other hardware for storing and allowing the operation of a search engine computer program  108 . Path  106  indicates a network connection between the CGI software  105 a and the search engine program  108 , such as via the Internet as is or becomes known in the art. Any other suitable hardware for storing, allowing the operation and intercommunication of the CGI software  105 a and search engine  108  may be used. 
     The client side  101  (where the user operates) of this embodiment includes browser computer software  102 , such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0, operating on a typical computer system  101 a. The browser program  102  is capable of receiving web pages from and sending requests to the server side  104 . The computer system  101 a of this embodiment can be any system suitable for use with the browser software. For example, the computer system  101 a may include one or more of various input devices and capabilities, such as a keyboard, pointer device, touch screen and/or voice activated mechanisms. The pointer device can be a mouse, track ball, touch screen, cursor, control key(s) and/or any other input mechanism or method that is or becomes known in the art. The computer system  101 a of this embodiment also includes a monitor with a screen display and a processor, such as a CPU. The processor may, for example, be a general purpose processor or a special purpose processor with image processing capabilities. The system  101 a may also include any among various types of internal memory, including RAM and ROM, and/or external storage, such as disks, CD ROMs, ASICs, external RAM or external ROM. 
     The server and client sides  104 ,  101  of  FIG. 1  interact as is or becomes known in the art, such as via conventional communications lines or links  103  and  109  over the Internet or some other communication path to any search engine and database. The user preferably accesses the CGI software  105 a or search engine  108  with the browser  102  via the Internet by conventional methods and with the use of computer hardware and software, or other devices or methods, as is or become known in the art. 
     The CGI software  105 a of this particular embodiment may be written in any computer language suitable for interaction with a search engine computer program  108  and browser  102  over the Internet, such as Visual Basic. The search engine  108  can be a conventional statistical based Internet search engine, as described above, or any other computer software or program instructions capable of interacting with the user, e.g., via CGI software  105 a and a browser  102  as described herein. One example of a search engine  108  that the present invention can be used with is the search engine located at URL address “www.dmoz.org.” However, any suitable search engine computer program that is or becomes known can be used with this embodiment. 
     The CGI software  105 a and search engine  108  can be made accessible to the user in any suitable manner. For example, the browser  102  can be connected with the CGI software  105 a and search engine  108  by the user connecting with the Internet and inputting, calling or selecting a URL address designated for the CGI software  105 a. 
       FIG. 2  shows an example of a start screen, or front page,  200  that could appear on the user&#39;s computer screen, such as by being downloaded from the server computer  104 a to the browser  102  of  FIG. 1  after the user accesses the URL address which points to the server computer  104 a and downloads the front page file which is one of the files indicated by  105 b. The user can interact with the front page  200  and provide input or select among various options. For example, the front page  200  can include a search query text area  201  where the user can enter a search string query, such as by typing in the key words to be searched. Any other suitable format or method for entering, inputting or selecting a search request with or without a front page  200  can be used. 
     The front page  200  can include other features or user options, such as a search quantity window  202  in which the user indicates the quantity of matching web sites from the search to be displayed or recovered. For example, the window  202  in this particular embodiment shows two textual alternatives from which the user selects, either the first numerically ranked matching “1-50 sites”, “1-100 sites” (not shown) or “all” (not shown), per search to be displayed. Different quantities of search results or a different format or mechanism for determining the number of matching web sites to be presented can be used. Further, other or different information can be requested on the front page  200 , which can have any desirable format. 
     Still with reference to the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , after entering information in area  201  and selecting the quantity from window  202 , the user can have the search executed, such as by selecting the text, or button, “Website Search”  203 , or positioning the user&#39;s computer pointer over the text “Website Search”  203  and clicking, as is conventionally known. Alternatively, the user can select the text, or button, “Category Search”  204 , or positioning the user&#39;s computer pointer over the text “Category Search”  204  and clicking, as is conventionally known. In this embodiment, selecting either the text “Website Search”  203  or “Category Search”  204  transmits the inputted information to the server side  104  for having the search engine  108  conduct a search based on the search string query entered in box  201 . Any suitable method for enabling a user to have a search executed and for executing the search that is or becomes known in the art can be used. The present invention is not limited in any way to the information on, format or method of use of start screen  200  shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     If desired, features could be included so that at any time during viewing of unique web pages or screens provided in accordance with the present invention, the user can change the search. In the embodiment shown, the user can enter a different search string or select a different quantity of search results than previously entered and selected, execute a new search and view the corresponding search results. For example, items  201 ,  202 ,  203 , and  204  can be included on numerous or every unique web page or screen provided to the user (see e.g.  FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 22, 23, and 24 ). 
     If desired, the search results may be presented in multiple formats appearing simultaneously or on different web pages or viewing screens. For example, in the embodiment of  FIG. 3 , the search results are presented on the user&#39;s computer display in two formats: in frame  301 , the search results are presented in the prior art search engine format(s) as generally described above, and in frame  302 , the search results are presented in a format unique to the present invention. In this example, the contents of frame  301  can be downloaded directly from the search engine  108  in  FIG. 1  to the browser  102  and the contents of frame  302  can be downloaded from the CGI software  105 a to the browser  102 . 
     Frame  301  of the embodiment of  FIG. 3  includes both of the general search result formats described above with respect to prior art search engines, or variations thereof. For example, frame  301  of  FIG. 3  shows the standard search results page downloaded from the search engine that is accessible via URL address “www.dmoz.org”. First, frame  301  of this embodiment shows the entire textual list of ranked matching web sites (not shown) in numerical order with hyperlinks to each web site. 
     Second, frame  301  shows a textual list of category paths of the search results that matched the search query (“cars”). Each category path can include a hyperlink to all web sites (matching and not matching) having that path, as is known in the art. For example, the words of the category path can be such a hyperlink. Alternately or additionally, a hyperlink to the matching web sites having that category path can be provided, such as a textual reference to the web sites, such as the textual reference “5 matches” or the numerical reference “30” shown in frame  301  of  FIG. 3 . However, frame  301  can be in any suitable format or need not even be included. The search results need not be displayed in multiple formats on the same screen, or web page. The present invention is thus not limited to having two frames, such as frames  301  and  302  of  FIG. 3 , and can have one frame, or more than two frames, or any other suitable format. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 3 , the right frame  302  of this embodiment is used to display the search results in a format in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In accordance with the present invention, graphics, color, text, organization, sound, location and other attributes are used to display search results and, if it is desired, to lead to or present additional information. For example, an extended list of matching web sites for the selected search can be depicted in a single web page. Further, each such web site can, if desired, be shown in the context of its parent category. An example of such a format is web page  305  shown in frame  302  of  FIG. 3 , which is a “Website Search” results page. Another example would be where an extended list of matching categories for the selected search can be depicted in a single page. An example of such a format is web page  2105  shown in frame  302  of  FIG. 21 , which is a “Category Search” results page. 
     The example page  305  of  FIG. 3  (“Website Search”) is shown in its entirety in  FIG. 4 , which may be referred to herein as a “category page” or “parent category page”  305 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , each matching web site for the search request in this embodiment is represented by its rank number. In the example shown, each matching web site or data element is represented by a bulb-like category member icon  402  having the web site&#39;s relative rank number depicted therein, such graphical representation referred to herein as a “web site icon or category member icon,” 
     Still referring to the embodiment of  FIG. 4 , each depicted web site  402  is shown on page  305  as being a member of the parent category  420  within which it belongs. Referring to  FIG. 4 , for example, the web site icons  402  for all of the selected number of matching web sites falling within each parent category  420  (“REGIONAL”, “BUSINESS”, “HOME”, etc. . . ) are grouped together and have the same color. Thus, color and organization are used in this example as indicating membership in a certain parent category. Adjacent each grouping of web site icons  402  in this embodiment is a textual representation of the parent category name  403 . A category icon is preferably a border, such as a circle,  410 , shown surrounding each group of web site icons  402  and parent category name  403 . Category icons may be shaped to represent the category they represent, that is, the shape of a telephone for a category comprising a group of telephone numbers, a football for a category comprising a group of football players, or an icon shaped like a baseball, shopping basket or car for relevant categories. The entire display for each depicted parent category  420  in this embodiment includes the border  410 , one or more matching web site icons  402  and the parent category name  403 , and may be referred to herein as a “parent category cluster”  420  or category icon. Advertisements may be placed inside of the category icons  420  or activated when a user places a cursor over a category icon  420  or category member  402 . 
     The web site of each depicted web site icon  402  can, if desired, be made accessible to the user. In the embodiment of  FIG. 4 , each web site icon  402  is a hyperlink to the web site being represented thereby, so that a user can access that web site upon selecting the icon  402 . In such case, the web site will be downloaded to the browser  102  ( FIG. 1 ) and its home page will appear on the user&#39;s computer display upon the user clicking or selecting the icon  402 . Any other suitable format or method can be used to show or provide access to matching web sites, if these features are desired. 
     In another aspect of some embodiments of the invention, pop-up windows and the like can be generated to appear on the user&#39;s computer display to provide information, links to other web pages or web sites, or other features such as picture, video and sound excerpts from the underlying total data or relevant advertisements. Pop-up windows can be generated as is known in the art, such as with the use of any suitable pop-up window software that is or becomes known, such as the publicly available “OVERLIB” freeware written in Java Script. For example, in  FIG. 4 , positioning the user&#39;s computer mouse or pointer over any web site icon  402  (or other suitable access method) will cause a window  404  (shown for web site  39 ) to appear. In this embodiment, window  404  shows a description of and hyperlink to the web site, but can provide any desirable information in any suitable format. In a preferred embodiment, positioning the cursor over any category member icon alternatively produces a thumbnail picture, video or audio excerpt representative of the underlying data element resident within the category member represented by the icon. A category member can be accessed by clicking on the icon representing the member. Category members that have been examined visibly change, e.g., from a color to a gray scale or change shape to eliminate unnecessary repetitive examination by the user. Unviewed element can also be made to emit a beeping sound that grows louder as the curser becomes nearer to them within the category icon. These features may be particularly useful when viewing or reviewing 1000&#39;s of data elements which may cover a wide display area larger than the user screen when zoomed down to the data element level. For example, a search may turn up 1000 suspects pictures which a crime witness must review individually to make a positive identification. The ability to discern reviewed and unreviewed elements could speed up the task by eliminating a second review of data elements. Data elements which are viewed and deemed relevant for further review can be marked to appear in a third color or shape for further review. 
     Some embodiments of the present invention can also place thousands of data elements in a hierarchical order by category by reviewing the elements and entering a category name. The data elements are subsequently displayed in category and subcategory icons. For example, a reviewer can look at 1000 pictures and classify them in 6 categories such as Man, Woman, Child, White, Black, Asian, etc. for subsequent display. As shown in  FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 , the category members or data elements of these examples are each represented explicitly by a category member icon. The presentation method is referred to as the “explicit” GUI option. As shown in  FIGS. 22, 23, and 24 , the category members or data elements of these examples are represented implicitly by a number representing the quantity of data elements or category members within the category. The presentation method is referred to as the “implicit” GUI option. 
     In another aspect of some embodiments of the invention, color may, if desired, be used to indicate whether any of the matching web sites in a depicted (parent or child) category have any uncommon subcategories. In the embodiment of  FIG. 4 , each of the parent category names  403  (or abbreviations thereof) are shown enclosed in a parent category icon  406 . The color of the parent category icon  406  can be color coded, e.g., black (such as shown in  FIG. 4 ) to indicate that at least one of the depicted matching web sites in that cluster  420  has a first (or lower) level subcategory in its category path that differs from at least one other depicted matching web site in that cluster  420 . The parent category icon  406  can be a different color, such as gray (not shown), if there are no uncommon subcategories among the depicted matching web sites within a parent category or cluster  420  (see e.g.,  FIG. 5 , subcategory icon  506  “AUCTIONS”). 
     In another example, matching web sites may be shown in the context of their respective first (or first uncommon) level subcategories. This can be accomplished in any suitable manner. In the embodiment of  FIG. 4 , for example, positioning the user&#39;s computer mouse or pointer over a parent category name  403  will cause a pop-up window to appear identifying the first uncommon level subcategories of the web sites of that parent category. For example, positioning the user&#39;s cursor over the parent category name  403  “SHOPPING” in the black category icon  406  will cause window  405  to appear. Window  405  includes a heading  408 , which is the parent category name (“Shopping”) and the common category path of the depicted web sites. 
     Below the heading  408  is a textual listing of all of the first level subcategory names (or abbreviations thereof) for the depicted web sites in the “SHOPPING” category, namely “Vehicles”, “Recreation and Hobbies”, “Auctions”, and “Sports.” If all of the depicted matching web sites in that group were instead to have the same first level subcategory and possibly also the same further level subcategories, the heading  408  will include all such common subcategory name(s) (not shown), and the first uncommon, or next, level subcategories of the web sites will be listed in window  405  (see e.g. window  505 ,  FIG. 5 ). 
     The example category icon  406  is color coded, e.g., gray, thus, the present invention is designed to indicate that additional web sites exist in the database(s) searched that matched the search query, or request, additional to the selected number (such as 1-50) of ranked sites, provides access to such additional matching web sites. For example, in the embodiment of  FIG. 5 , a pop-up window  504  will appear when the user positions the mouse cursor or pointer over the first level subcategory name  503  appearing in a first level subcategory icon  506  that is gray, such as the exemplary first level subcategory name  503  “AUCTIONS.” In this example, the window  504  indicates that there are “10 MORE” additional matching web sites beyond the depicted matching web sites for that subcategory. This embodiment also provides a link to a list of all matching web sites. For example, the subcategory name  503  can be such a link. Thus, selecting or clicking on the name  503  will cause a list of the depicted and additional web sites to appear, such as shown in web page  701  of  FIG. 7 . Page  701  shows a textual listing of the previously depicted matching web site(s) for “AUCTIONS” (web site # 33) and the additional matching web sites. The textual listing of each web site of this embodiment includes a description of and a hyperlink to each web site. In this embodiment, page  701  can be downloaded directly to the user&#39;s browser  102  ( FIG. 1 ), such as to frame  302  ( FIG. 3 ), from the search engine  108 . However, the invention is not limited to this method of delivery. 
     Still referring to the example of  FIG. 4 , the depicted matching web sites of a parent category can also be depicted graphically, or with icons, in the context of their respective first (or first uncommon) level subcategories by selecting or clicking on a parent category name  403 . This causes a new web page, or screen,  501  ( FIG. 5 ) to appear on the user&#39;s display (such as by being downloaded to frame  302  of the user&#39;s browser), showing the depicted matching web sites icons  402  of the selected parent category of  FIG. 4  in the context of their respective first (or first uncommon) level subcategories. In this example, the new first level subcategory page  501  appears upon the user selecting the parent category name “SHOPPING” of  FIG. 4 , page  501  showing the web site icons  402  of parent category “SHOPPING” arranged in the context of their first level subcategories, which, in this example, includes “VEHICLES”, “SPORTS”, etc. The user of this embodiment can select any parent category name of parent category page  305  ( FIG. 4 ) to cause a first level subcategory page (such as page  501  of  FIG. 5 ) to appear. Any other or additional suitable format or method for depicting matching web sites in the context of their respective subcategories can be used, if this feature is desired. 
     The subcategory pages, such as first level subcategory page  501 , can have any desired format, features and capabilities, such as those described above with respect to page  305  and shown in  FIG. 4 . Thus, the features, format and capabilities of page,  305  and the entire description of the embodiment of  FIG. 4  and page  305  above apply to  FIG. 5  and page  501 , except in the context of the first level subcategories instead of the parent categories. 
     For example, the general format of page  501  ( FIG. 5 ) of this embodiment is similar to the format of the web page, or display,  305  of  FIG. 4 , except the depicted web sites in  FIG. 5  are shown in the context of their respective first level subcategories. The web site icons  402  of the selected parent category are thus shown in groups formed around their respective first level subcategory names (or abbreviations thereof)  503 , forming “first level subcategory clusters”  520 . 
     In another example, in the embodiment of  FIG. 5 , the web site icons  402  of each parent category is depicted in a common color, such as the same color used on page  305 , as shown in  FIG. 4 . In another example, a pop-up window (not shown) is provided in the same manner and with the same general information and features of window  404  of  FIG. 4 . In yet another example, the first level subcategory name  503  of each first level subcategory cluster  520  is shown in the same general manner and has similar general features as described above with respect to the parent category names  403 , icons  406  and clusters  420  of page  305 . 
     Similarly as explained above for page  305  and shown in  FIG. 4 , the depicted matching web sites on a page  501  of this embodiment can be viewed in the context of their respective second or lower level subcategories. If at least one of the depicted web sites in a first level subcategory cluster  520  has a second (or lower uncommon) level subcategory, the first level subcategory icon  506  is black. A pop-up window  505  showing a textual list of the second, or lower, level subcategory names (or abbreviations thereof) will appear in this embodiment upon positioning the user&#39;s mouse cursor or pointer over the first level subcategory name  503 . For example, positioning the user&#39;s pointer over the first level subcategory name  503  “RECREATION” causes window  505  to appear. In window  505 , the heading  508  includes “RECREATION AND HOBBIES: MODELS”, indicating that the complete first level subcategory name is “RECREATION AND HOBBIES” and that each of the four depicted web sites has a common second level subcategory “MODELS”. Thus, the textual list in window  505 , “Cars”, “Slot Cars” and “Radio Control”, are the third level subcategories for the depicted matching web sites. 
     Also similarly as described above with respect to  FIG. 4 , the depicted matching web sites of a first level subcategory can also be shown graphically, or with icons, in the context of their respective second (or next uncommon) level subcategories by selecting or clicking on a first level subcategory name  503 . In this embodiment, a new web page, or screen, such as page  601  ( FIG. 6 ), will appear on the user&#39;s screen display (such as by being downloaded to frame  302  of the user&#39;s browser), showing the depicted matching web sites icons  402  of the selected first level subcategory of  FIG. 5  in the context of their respective second (or next uncommon) level subcategories. 
     In the depicted example, selecting the first level subcategory name  503  “RECREATION” on page  501  ( FIG. 5 ) will cause page  601  ( FIG. 6 ) to appear. In this particular instance, the depicted matching web sites (#8, 10, 16 and 27) are shown in the context of their third level subcategories (“Cars”, “Slot Cars”, “Radio Control”), because they have a common second level subcategory “Models”, as explained above. The invention can be designed so that a similar formatted page, or screen, would appear showing the respective matching web sites for each first level subcategory shown in  FIG. 5 . Thus, the user of this embodiment can select any first level subcategory name  503  of page  501  ( FIG. 4 ) to cause the next uncommon level subcategory page (similar to page  601  of  FIG. 6 ) to appear. Any other or additional suitable format or method for depicting matching web sites in the context of their respective various level subcategories can be used, if this feature is desired. 
     In another aspect of the illustrated embodiment of the invention, referring again to  FIG. 5 , if desired, the common portion of the respective category path (or an abbreviation thereof) for each depicted matching web site on a page may be shown. In this embodiment, the heading “SHOPPING”  509  reflects the common portion of the category path of all web sites shown on page  501 . In  FIG. 6 , the common portion of the category path of the depicted web sites is shown as heading  609 . In the example shown, the heading  609  is “Shopping: Recreation and Hobbies: Models”, which reflects the common parent category and first and second subcategories for the depicted web sites and is shown in the same color as the web site icons  402 . 
     The headings  509 ,  609  etc. of this embodiment may be used to access further information. For example, referring to  FIG. 5 , the heading  509  is a hyperlink that can be selected to cause a textual list (web page  1201 ,  FIG. 12 ) of all subcategories of the common category path or heading  509  to appear on the user&#39;s computer display. On exemplary page  1201 , all subcategories of the parent category “SHOPPING” in the entire database(s) searched by the search engine are listed. In the preferred embodiment, page  1201  is downloaded to frame  302  of the user&#39;s browser  102  ( FIG. 1 ) directly from the search engine  108 , such as via path  109 . Further, each subcategory name on page  1201  is a hyperlink to another page showing further information. For example, selecting a subcategory name on page  1201  causes a list of all of the subcategories of the selected subcategory to be shown. The new page (not shown) can be in the same general format and have the same general features as page  1201 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6 , page  601  has the same basic format, features and capabilities as described above and shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . Thus, the entire description of  FIGS. 4 and 5  above applies to  FIG. 6  and page  601 , but in the context of the third level subcategories. From page  601 , matching web sites could be shown in the context of their next uncommon level subcategories and so on, until the last subcategory for each matching web site is shown. In each case and for each new page, the above formats and capabilities could, if desired, be applied. 
     In another aspect of the illustrated embodiment of present invention, the user of this embodiment can navigate back and forth between previously viewed pages or screens, such as with the use of the “BACK” and “FORWARD” buttons or arrows typically appearing on a user&#39;s computer display or provided by the browser software, or by any other method that is or becomes known. New or different pages, or screens, can be viewed or a new or different path navigated through the search results pages, or category tree, such as by using methods described above. 
     In yet another aspect of the invention, the user of the illustrated embodiment is notified when there are no further matching web sites for a subcategory in the entire database(s) searched. For example, on web page  801  of  FIG. 8 , the color of the subcategory name  803  is shown in a different color, such as black (the other subcategory names are shown in this embodiment in white). In  FIG. 8 , the subcategory name  803  “TOURING CARS” is shown in black, which indicates that there are no additional matching web sites in that subcategory in the database(s) searched. Thus, in the example shown, only web site  6  matched the search query having the category path “Sports: Auto Racing: Touring Cars”. 
     Any other suitable method or format may be used to show when there are no additional matching web sites for a category path or subcategory, if such feature is desired. For example, in the embodiment of  FIG. 8 , positioning the user&#39;s mouse cursor or pointer over a subcategory name  803  for category path having no further sub-categories or matching web sites will cause pop-up window  802  to appear. As shown, the window  802  includes a textual statement that there are no further matching web sites. 
     In still another aspect of the exemplary embodiment of the invention, search results may be viewable in various alternate formats, such as graphical, textual, and/or mixed graphical/textual formats. For example, the embodiments of pages  305  ( FIG. 4 ),  501  ( FIG. 5 ),  601  ( FIGS. 6 ) and  801  ( FIG. 8 ) are web pages or screens that are generated, downloaded and shown in a primarily graphical format. In contrast,  FIG. 9  shows an example of a web page  900  in primarily textual format. Page  900  shows the same search results as shown on page  501  of  FIG. 5  and has the same general features. In the example of page  900 , the depicted matching web sites are grouped together by their respective first level subcategories, similar to those shown in  FIG. 5 . The respective subcategory names  503  appear at the top of each grouping, such as “SPORTS: AUTO RACING”, “VEHICLES”, “AUCTIONS”. Each matching web site is indicated by the site&#39;s rank number  901  and the web sites in each subcategory group are listed sequentially in numerical rank order. A hyperlink  902  to the web site and a description  903  of the site is also included. Further, each subcategory name  503  of this embodiment, possesses the same features, link properties and pop-up window capabilities as the subcategory names  503  on page  501  of  FIG. 5 . Primarily textual pages similar to page  900  can be included for each parent category and subcategory in addition to or instead of the corresponding primarily graphical pages, such as pages  305 ,  501 ,  601  and  801 . However, any other suitable format and capabilities for showing search results may be used, if this feature is desired. 
     The present invention can, if desired, be designed so that the user can move back and forth between different formats. In the embodiments shown, the user can move between graphical and textual formats of the same search results, such as between pages  501  and  900 . For example, each primarily graphical page, such as page  501  of  FIG. 5  can include a mechanism, such as the “TEXT” button, or icon,  407 , that the user can select to view the search results in a primarily textual format, such as page  900  of  FIG. 9 . Clicking on “TEXT” icon  407  of page  501  in  FIG. 5 , for example, results in the downloading and subsequent display of page  900  of  FIG. 9 . The reverse occurs in this embodiment by the user selecting the “GRAPHICS” button, or icon,  906  shown on page  900 . Clicking on the “GRAPHICS” icon  906  will cause the same search results to be shown in a graphical format, such as page  501  of  FIG. 5 . 
     It should be understood that any of the above features and/or capabilities can be applied to any page or display provided in frame  302 , or for any parent category or subcategory. However, none of the above features is required. Different formats, features and methods may be used to provide the same or other information or capabilities. The present invention is thus not limited to the methods, formats and capabilities described above. For example, page  2105  of  FIG. 21  (“Category Search”) is shown in its entirety in  FIG. 22 . This method of displaying the search results is similar to the “Website Search” method ( FIG. 4 ) except that there are no matching websites icons displayed along with the matching categories. By excluding the first 50 (or 100) matching websites, there is no longer the restriction of displaying only those categories which contain one of the first 50 (or 100) matching websites. This allows for more categories to be displayed and thus ultimately more matching websites. Note that in this embodiment of the present invention this method of search results display utilizes only the first 100 unique category paths, which in this case corresponds to the 11 parent categories shown in  FIG. 22 . A larger number or all of the unique category paths may be selected for display. This “Category Search” page correlates to  FIG. 4  for the “Website Search” page. Note that in this method a circle  2210  surrounds each parent category  403  and site total  2205  to form a “parent category circle”  2220 . The site total  2205  shows the total number of matching websites within this parent category. By positioning the mouse cursor over a parent category  403  a pop-up window  405  appears in the same fashion as the “Website Search” page shown in  FIG. 4 . This pop-window displays the parent category  408  followed by the second-level subcategories below the current parent category. Identical to the “Website Search” page in  FIG. 4 , by clicking on the category name  403 , for example “Shopping”, a new web page  2301  will be downloaded into frame  302  as seen in  FIG. 23  which correlates to  FIG. 5  for the “Website Search” page. If a category has no more than 1 subcategory path below it, then this is indicated by a circle  2310  with a black ring and dark colored center as opposed to the usual dark colored ring and light center color (eg. “Auctions”). If the user positions the mouse cursor over such a category, for example “Auctions”, a pop-up window  504  will appear which will indicate that the user can view the total number of matching websites  2305  in this category path. Identical to the “Website Search” page in  FIG. 5 , by clicking on such a “dead end” category name  503 , for example “Auctions”, a new web page  701  will be displayed listing the matching websites for the current category path. This is the identical web page displayed for the “Website Search” link in  FIG. 4  for the “Auctions” category. Just as before, the names of the listed websites are linked to their web page addresses, therefore if the user clicks on one of these website names, that website will be downloaded to the user&#39;s browser. Referring again to  FIG. 23 , by positioning the mouse cursor over a second-level category  503 , for example “Recreation”, a pop-up window  505  appears in the same fashion as the “Website Search” page shown in  FIG. 5 . This pop-window displays the category name  508  followed by the subcategories below the current category. By clicking on this category a new web page  2401  in  FIG. 24  will be displayed. This web page corresponds to  FIG. 6  for the “Website Search”. 
     In one embodiment, the present invention includes Graphical User Interface script software (“GUI script software”) (not shown), which can be written, for example in Visual Basic Script or any other suitable programming language. Generally, the GUI script software is at least partially generated, or written, by the CGI software  105 a ( FIG. 1 ) based upon the search results from the search engine  108  and contains the HTML code for all unique web pages for the search results. The GUI script software, in this example, is downloaded from the CGI software  105 a to the client system  101 . Upon the user&#39;s request for a particular unique web page, the GUI script software of this embodiment provides the browser  102  with the HTML code for that page for the browser  102  to render, or create, the web page in frame  302 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the GUI script software in this example is downloaded from the CGI software  105 a into a “hidden” frame  304  ( FIG. 3 ) in the user&#39;s browser software  102 . The hidden frame  304  could be designed with a very small width and physically located proximate to the far left margin  303  of frame  301  ( FIG. 3 ) so that it is not visible to the naked eye. The embodiment of  FIG. 3  thus utilizes a total of three frames, hidden frame  304 , frame  301  showing search results in prior art format and frame  302  showing search results in unique formats in accordance with the invention (and possibly also in prior art and other formats). The hidden frame  304  could be identified as “Frame 1”, frame  302  identified as “Frame 2” and frame  301  identified as “Frame 3.” Any other suitable alternate software or other mechanism for generating and downloading the desired web pages may be used. 
       FIG. 10  depicts the general format of an example of GUI script software that may be used with the present invention. Although the contents of this frame (as shown in  FIG. 10 ) have been described up until now as one script program, technically the “program” consists of four distinct script modules. Each of these modules is written in the vbscript language. The distribution of these modules are as follows: module #1 consists of section  1001  in  FIG. 10 ; module 2 consists of section  1002  in  FIG. 10 ; module 3 consists of section  1003 a in  FIG. 10  as well as each subroutine as denoted by items  1003 b in  FIG. 10 ; and module 4 consists of section  1004  in  FIG. 10 . Referring to  FIG. 10 , there are “n” number of subroutines  1003 b, each such subroutine associated with one unique web page provided by the present invention for the search results, such as pages  305  and  501  described above, out of a total of “n” possible web pages for the search results of a particular search. The function of each subroutine  1003 b is to output the appropriate HTML code for its corresponding web page into frame  302 . 
     As a reference in describing the operation of one embodiment of the invention, a complete list if all items  105 a and  105 b (in  FIG. 1 ) residing on server  104 a (in  FIG. 1 ) is denoted in TABLE 1- 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 1. 
                 Search.exe (Main CGI program—105a) 
               
               
                 2. 
                 Presearch.exe (small CGI program which returns initial 
               
               
                   
                 frameset web page upon entering a search string—105a) 
               
               
                 3. 
                 Sublink.htm (Initial page returned to Frame #2—105b) 
               
               
                 4. 
                 Sublink.exe (small CGI program which returns all subsequent pages 
               
               
                   
                 to Frame #2—105a) 
               
               
                 5. 
                 ktsubs.vbs (Subroutines called by script program in Frame #1—105b) 
               
               
                 6. 
                 overlib.js (Script program that generates popup windows— 
               
               
                   
                 freeware—105b) 
               
               
                 7. 
                 index.htm (Front page—105b) 
               
               
                 8. 
                 Assorted graphics files used in presentation of GUI. (105b) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In operation in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, when the user accesses the URL address for the server computer  104 a of  FIG. 1  of the present invention, the front page file, index.htm (ITEM 7 of TABLE 1), is downloaded to the user&#39;s browser  102  of  FIG. 1 . As demonstrated before, the generic representation of this type of page is indicated by  FIG. 2 . The HTML code for the Form on this page is shown in Table 2. 
                         TABLE 2                      &lt;FORM action=“/cgi-bin/presearch.exe” method=“GET”&gt;           &lt;INPUT TYPE=“TEXT” NAME=“search” SIZE=“35”&gt;           &lt;INPUT TYPE=“SUBMIT” VALUE=“Search”&gt;           &lt;SELECT NAME=“nsites” SIZE=“1”&gt;                         &lt;option&gt;1-50 sites           &lt;option&gt;1-100 sites                         &lt;/SELECT&gt;           &lt;/FORM&gt;                    
This Form passes the search string (eg. “cars”) to Presearch.exe (ITEM 2 of TABLE 1 and contained within  105 a of  FIG. 1 ) on the server using the GET method, with the search string set to parameter search and the number of sites (“1-50 sites” or “1-100 sites”) set to parameter nsites. Presearch.exe returns the following web page shown below in Table 3 for the previous example in which a search is performed on “cars”-
 
                         TABLE 3                      &lt;html&gt;           &lt;frameset cols=“.001%,33%,*”&gt;                             &lt;frame name=“frame1”   src=“/cgi-bin/search.exe?search=cars”                     frameborder=“no” scrolling=“no”   noresize&gt;                         &lt;frame name=“frame3” src=“http://search.dmoz.org/           cgi-bin/search?search=cars”&gt;           &lt;frame name=“frame2” src=“/sublink.htm”&gt;           &lt;/frameset&gt;           &lt;/html&gt;                    
This page constitutes the frameset from which the three previously described frames are defined. The src for Frame 1 is the main GUI program, Search.exe (ITEM 1 in TABLE 1 and contained within  105 a of  FIG. 1 ), with the search string set to “cars”. The src for Frame 3 is a direct call to the search engine (dmoz.org which corresponds to  108  in  FIG. 1 ). The src for Frame 2 is the file, Sublink.htm (ITEM 3 in TABLE 1 and contained within  105 b of  FIG. 1 ). This file appears below in Table 4.
 
                     TABLE 4                  &lt;html&gt;       &lt;body&gt;       &lt;form name=“hform” method=“GET” action=“/cgi-bin/sublink.exe”&gt;       &lt;input type=“hidden” name=“sub” value=“1”&gt;       &lt;input type=“hidden” name=“style” value=“0”&gt;       &lt;/form&gt;       &lt;/body&gt;       &lt;/html&gt;                    
This file only contains a hidden form hform which links to the Sublink.exe program (ITEM 4 in TABLE 1 and contained within  105 a of  FIG. 1 ). When this form is submitted, it passes the parameter sub with a value of 1 and the parameter style with a value of 0 to Sublink.exe using the GET method. sub=1 indicates Sub link 1  ( 1003 b in  FIG. 10 ) which will render the very first interface page; and style=0 indicates a GUI versus a textual user interface. This hidden form is submitted by Frame 1 once all four script modules are completely downloaded. This is implemented by monitoring the Top.Status variable in Frame 1. As indicated by section  1001  in  FIG. 10 , which is script module 1, initially Frame 1 resets Top.Status (by storing the null string “ ”). This is shown in more detail by  FIG. 13  (“Website Search”) and  FIG. 25  (“Category Search”) both of which lists the first 34 and 21 lines, respectively, of the contents of Frame 1. Section  1001  of  FIG. 10 , script module 1, is embodied by LINES  1303 - 1305  of  FIG. 13  and LINES  2503 - 2505  of  FIG. 25 . Once all four script modules are downloaded into Frame 1, Frame 2 is “reloaded” and the Top.Status variable is set to “ok1”, as indicated by section  1004  of  FIG. 10 , which is script module 4. The code for script module 4 appears in  FIG. 14 . When the contents of all three frames (Frame 1, Frame 2, and Frame 3) are initially downloaded, Top.frame2.History.Length is 0. Therefore, LINE  1403  of  FIG. 14  is executed—which submits hform in Frame 2, which currently contains sublink.htm. Submitting this form represents the “reloading” of Frame 2. Top.Status is then set to “ok1” (LINE  1409 ) to indicate that Frame 1 has completely downloaded. As mentioned above, when hform is submitted, it passes the parameter sub with a value of 1 and the parameter style with a value of 0 to Sublink.exe on the server. Then Sublink.exe returns the web page listed in  FIG. 15a  to Frame 2. LINE  1503  sets up a style sheet ID called overDiv. This ID is utilized by the popup window program for positioning the popup windows over the other graphics on the displayed page.
 
     In LINE  1504  of  FIG. 15a , the script program overlib.js (ITEM 6 in TABLE 1) is downloaded from the server. This script program, which is written in the javascript language, displays the popup windows as indicated by  404  and  405  in  FIG. 4  and  FIG. 22 . This is a freeware program whose only function is to display popup windows. 
     LINES  1505 - 1508  in  FIG. 15a  contain a hidden form hform which links to the Sublink.exe program on the server passing the parameter sub with a value of 1 and the parameter style with a value of 0. This indicates Sub link 1  (sub=1) and a GUI (style=0). 
     LINES  1509 - 1512  in  FIG. 15a  contain a hidden form hform 1  which links to the Sublink.exe program on the server passing the parameter sub with a value of 1 and the parameter style with a value of 1. This indicates Sub link 1  (sub=1) and a textual user interface (style=1). LINES  1513 - 1519  in  FIG. 15a  contain a script program (written in the vbscript language) which is automatically executed upon the loading of this web page. Since Top.Status has been set to “ok1” at this point (as described above), then LINE  1515  is executed. This command calls Sub link 1  in Frame 1 passing a value of 0. This value is the style parameter and indicates a GUI as opposed to a textual user interface. At this point Sub link 1  in Frame 1 writes the HTML code, which is necessary to render the first GUI ( FIG. 4  or  FIG. 22 ), to Frame 2. 
     When the user clicks on the TEXT button ( 407  in  FIG. 4 ), hidden form hform 1  (LINES  1509 - 1512 ) will be submitted. This form calls the Sublink.exe program on the server passing the parameter sub with a value of 1 (Sub link 1 ) and the parameter style with a value of 1 (textual user interface). Sublink.exe will return a new web page which appears in  FIG. 15b . The only difference between  FIG. 15a  and  FIG. 15b  is that the style parameter is reversed in LINES  1507 ,  1511 , and  1515 . If the value is 0 in  FIG. 15a  then it is 1 in  FIG. 15b  and vice versa. Just as with the web page of  FIG. 15a , the script program in LINES  1513 - 1519  of  FIG. 15b  is automatically executed upon loading of the web page. Since Top.Status is still set to “ok1”, LINE  1515  is executed. This command calls Sub link 1  in Frame 1 passing a value of 1. This value is the style parameter and indicates a textual user interface as opposed to a GUI. At this point Sub link 1  in Frame 1 writes the HTML code, which is necessary to render the first textual user interface, to Frame 2. Note that for the “Category Search” situation, only  FIG. 15a  will be utilized since there is no “TEXT” or “GRAPHICS” buttons on any such GUI pages from which hform 1  could be submitted. 
     If the user, after viewing the initial interface page, subsequently links to another interface page or website, and then clicks the Back button on the browser, then all three frames will be reloaded simultaneously. LINE  1304  of  FIG. 13  (“Website Search”) or LINE  2504  of  FIG. 25  (“Category Search”), which is the single command of script module 1 that resides in Frame 1, will almost certainly be executed before LINE  1514  of  FIG. 15a  (or  FIG. 15b ), which resides in Frame 2. It is also apparent that LINE  1514  is likely to be executed before LINE  1402  of  FIG. 14 .  FIG. 14  shows script module 4 of Frame 1. This script program is not loaded until the previous three script modules in Frame 1 are loaded. Thus, when LINE  1514  is executed, Top.Status will have been reset (at LINE  1304  or LINE  2504 ), and therefore, LINE  1517  is executed which sets Top.Status to “ok2”. Then when LINE  1402  is executed Top.frame2.History.Length will be greater than 0 since at least one page (sublink.htm) has been loaded into Frame 2. Hence, LINE  1405  will be executed and since Top.Status has been set to “ok2” then LINE  1406  will be executed followed by the execution of LINE  1409  which sets Top.Status to “ok1”. When LINE  1406  is executed then hidden form hform in Frame 2 is submitted. If the previous interface page was a GUI style interface then hform is shown in LINES  1505 - 1508  in  FIG. 15a , else if the previous page was a textual style interface then hform is shown in LINES  1505 - 1508  in  FIG. 15b . When submitted, this form calls the Sublink.exe program on the server passing the parameter sub with a value of 1 (Sub link 1 ) and the parameter style with a value of 0 (GUI) in  FIG. 15a  or a value of 1 (textual user interface) in  FIG. 15b . Sublink.exe will return a new web page which is an absolute duplicate of the current page in Frame 2. By the time this new web page is loaded into Frame 2, LINE  1409  (as previously mentioned) will have already executed in Frame 1. So when LINE  1514  is executed in Frame 2 Top.Status is set to “ok1”. Therefore, LINE  1515  will be executed. The execution of this command, as explained earlier, calls Sub link 1  in Frame 1 passing a value of 0 (GUI) for  FIG. 15a  or a value of 1 (textual user interface) for  FIG. 15b . At this point Sub link 1  in Frame 1 writes the HTML code, which is necessary to render the GUI or textual user interface, to Frame 2. 
     It should be noted that while the previous explanation of the interaction between Frame 1 and Frame 2, while utilizing  FIG. 15a  (or  FIG. 15b ), has been restricted to the first interface (Sub link 1 ), the function is the same with all other interface pages. The only difference would be the setting of the sub parameter in the forms (hform and hform 1 ) and the spelling of the subroutine call (LINE  1515 ). For instance, for Sub link 2 , LINES  1506  and  1510  would set value=“2” and the subroutine call in LINE  1515  would be spelled as parent.frame1.link2. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10  and  FIG. 13  or  FIG. 25 , after script module 1 (Section  1001  in  FIG. 10  and LINES  1303 - 1305  in  FIG. 13  or LINES  2503 - 2505  in  FIG. 25 ) is loaded in Frame 1, script module 2 is loaded (Section  1002  in  FIG. 10  and LINE  1306  or LINE  2506 ). This script module is stored in a separate file on the server—ktsubs.vbs (ITEM 5 in TABLE 1) -and is downloaded from there. This file contains several standard subroutines which are called by each main subroutine ( 1003 b in  FIG. 10 ). The reason these standard subroutines are stored in a separate file is because they are static—they never change. These standard subroutines are listed in TABLE 5. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 1. OutputHeader 
               
               
                   
                 2. OutputRing 
               
               
                   
                 3. OutputOval 
               
               
                   
                 4. OutputDots 
               
               
                   
                 5. OutputCircle 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     After this file is downloaded, script module 3 is loaded beginning at LINE  1307  of  FIG. 13  (“Website Search”) or LINE  2507  of  FIG. 25  (“Category Search”). As described earlier, this script module contains all of the subroutines which render each and every possible interface page for the search results. For simplicity,  FIG. 13  only lists the declaration of the global variables and the initialization of the pertinent global variables (capray, textray, linkray, and catray) for the first 5 websites, out of a total of 50 websites, for a “Website Search” (Section  1003 a in  FIG. 10  and LINES  1308 - 1336  in  FIG. 13 ). There are seven global variables (LINES  1308 - 1314 ) which are one-dimensional arrays that store various information for each website. There are no global website variables to initialize for a “Category Search” since there are no websites to display, therefore  FIG. 25  only lists the first GUI subroutine, Sub link 1  (Section  1003 a in  FIG. 10  and LINES  2508 - 2521  in  FIG. 25 ). Note that the complete listing of all of the GUI subroutines would be too long to list. 
     In  FIG. 13  (“Website Search”), the global arrays contain 50 elements each, since there are a maximum of 50 websites in this example (since the 1-50 websites option was chosen). capray stores the title/caption of the website. textray stores the general text description of the site. linkray stores the URL link which is the internet address for the website. catray stores the category path for the website. dotindx stores the list of indexes of the particular websites contained in any given cluster at the time that cluster is output. The two remaining global variables, xray and yray, store the 2-dimensional location (relative to the center of each cluster) of each website icon on the screen. The values of these two variables are set inside of each subroutine ( 1003 b in  FIG. 10 ) since the position of each website icon changes with each GUI page. LINES  1315   1334  in  FIG. 13  show how the pertinent global variables for defining each web site (excluding xray and yray) are initialized for the first 5 websites. 
     After initializing all of the pertinent global variables in Frame 1, all of the subroutines for rendering each and every GUI page are exported to Frame 1. These subroutines are indicated as items  1003 b in  FIG. 10 . 
     Using the GUI page indicated in  FIG. 5  (“Website Search”) as an example, the subroutine for rendering this page is listed in  FIG. 18 . Notice that the first line (LINE  18001 ) of this subroutine calls subroutine OutputHeader (ITEM 1 of TABLE 2). Note that in this instance the style parameter would be set to 0 to indicate a GUI interface. This standard subroutine outputs the portion of HTML, represented in  FIG. 5 , from the top of the page down to the line, “4 subcategories: 11 sites”. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 18 , each of the four clusters in  FIG. 5  is indicated by three subroutine calls in  FIG. 18 : first a call to OutputRing (ITEM 2 of TABLE 2), next a call to OutputOval (ITEM 3 of TABLE 2), and then, after initializing the website index and the x-y position of each dot, a call to OutputDots (ITEM 4 of TABLE 2). Note that the method used for positioning the graphics in an x-y grid in the browser frame window is the Cascading Style Sheets model, or CSS. 
     Now referring to the GUI page indicated in  FIG. 23  (“Category Search”) as an example, the subroutine for rendering this page is listed in  FIG. 26 . Note that for each “Category Search” subroutine call, the style parameter is set to 0 to indicate a GUI interface. Notice that the first link of this subroutine calls subroutine OutputHeader (ITEM 1 of TABLE 2). In this instance this subroutine outputs the portion of HTML, represented in  FIG. 23 , from the top of the page down to the line, “8 subcategories: 565 sites”. Referring again to  FIG. 23  and  FIG. 26 , each instance of a circle is represented by a call to subroutine OutputCircle (ITEM 5 of TABLE 2). 
       FIG. 11  is a flowchart showing various methods and capabilities of one embodiment of the invention utilizing CGI software and GUI script software as utilized from the client side ( 101  of  FIG. 1 ). In item  1101 , a request page, or screen (see e.g.  FIG. 2  or ITEM 7 of TABLE 1), is downloaded to the user&#39;s browser software  102  ( FIG. 1 ) from the CGI software  105 a residing on the server  104 a ( FIG. 1 ). This download can be caused when the user enters the URL address of server  104 a in the browser&#39;s address box, or other suitable methods. In item  1102 , in this embodiment, a user enters information, such as a search string, selects the number of results to display (for a “Website Search”, such as 50 or 100), and then selects either the “Website Search” button or the “Category Search” button, such as shown in  FIG. 2  and described above. 
     In this embodiment, in accordance with items  1103 ,  1104  and  1107 , the CGI software downloads three frames to the user&#39;s browser, via Presearch.exe (ITEM 2 in TABLE 1). Item  1104  of this embodiment involves downloading a minimal web page, Sublink.htm (ITEM 3 in TABLE 1), to Frame 2, which as described earlier contains a hidden form, hform. This form could be described as an “initiation command”. Item  1107  of this example includes downloading Frame 3 (e.g. frame  301 ,  FIG. 3 ), which can include a standard search results page of the search engine and have all the capabilities thereof. Item  1107 , however, is not necessary for the present invention. 
     Item  1103  involves downloading Frame 1 (e.g. hidden frame  304  in  FIG. 3 ) from the CGI software. This includes downloading GUI script software for providing the various screen images and text for the web pages that will be contained in Frame 2 (e.g. frame  302  in  FIG. 3 ). The downloaded GUI script software includes subroutines Sub link 1 , Sub link  2 , Sub link  3 , etc. Sub link 1  of this embodiment will generate the initial web page shown in Frame 2 (see e.g. page  305 ,  FIG. 4 ), and each remaining subroutine will generate a separate web page to represent a different category or subcategory of the category tree of the search results, such as shown in  FIGS. 5, 6, 8 . 
     In this embodiment, as shown in items  1105  and  1106 , when item  1103  is complete (all necessary GUI script subroutines for rendering all possible web pages for Frame 2 are downloaded into Frame 1), then script module  4  (see  1004  in  FIG. 10  and  FIG. 14 ) is downloaded into Frame 1 and executed. When this module is executed, as described earlier, hform in Frame 2 is submitted, indicating the execution of the “initiation command”. Upon submission of this form, Sublink.exe (ITEM 4 in TABLE 1) is called on the server ( 104  of  FIG. 1 ), which returns the web page indicated in  FIG. 15a . This page includes basic header information, a link to overlib.js (ITEM 6 in TABLE 1), which contains computer software code for generating pop-up windows and a command, Call parent.frame1.link1(0), which calls “Sub link1” located in the GUI script software in Frame 1. As described earlier, this command is executed and as a result, Sub link1 in Frame 1 is executed. As a result an initial category, or search results, web page (e.g. page  305 ,  FIG. 4 ) is downloaded and shown in Frame 2. Thereafter, in accordance with this embodiment, the user may view any pertinent subsequent or alternate category web pages in Frame 2, available pop-up windows, web sites or other linked pages, or any other information available via Frames 2 or 3 (such as those activities shown in the bottom half of the flowchart of  FIG. 11 ). 
     For example, in the case of a “Website Search”, as indicated by item  1117 , item  1108  shows three of the events that the user can initiate in accordance with this embodiment. In item  1109 a, the user can cause the downloading and thus appearance of the web site of any matching web site indicated on a category page (Frame 2) by selecting a web site icon  402  or other link. This will initiate item  1109 , where the selected web site will be downloaded to the user&#39;s browser. The user can move back up to item  1108  by conventional methods, such as with the “BACK” command or arrow associated with the user&#39;s browser. 
     Referring to item  1110 , the user can move between different category page formats. In this embodiment, according to item  1110 , the user can move between generally graphical and textual formats by clicking on a “GRAPHICS” or “TEXT” button appearing on the depicted web page. As shown in item  1111 , if the user clicks on a “TEXT” button, the GUI script software will execute the same subroutine that was called to render the current page (appearing in Frame 2), but instead with the command style=“TEXT”. This will cause the GUI script software to generate and load in Frame 2 a textual category page (see, e.g.,  FIG. 9 ) showing the same results as the previous graphical category page. Conversely, as shown in item  1112 , if the user clicks on a “GRAPHICS” button, the same subroutine will again be called, except with style=“GRAPHICS”. This will cause the script software to generate and load in Frame 2, a generally graphical category page (see, e.g.,  FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 8 ) showing the same results as the previous textual category page. In either case, with this embodiment, after the new category page is loaded in Frame 2, the user is returned to item  1108 . 
     Referring to item  1113 , which applies to either a “Website Search” or a “Category Search” in this example, search results shown on a category page of this embodiment may be shown in the context of the next pertinent subcategory level. In item  1113 , with regards to a “Website Search”, when the user selects a parent category name or a subcategory name (such as names  403  of  FIG. 4, 503  of  FIG. 5 ) in white lettering, on a category icon (such as icons  406 ,  506 ) appearing in black, item  1114  will occur, indicating a “Live” category which has further subcategories beneath it. Similarly, in item  1113 , with regards to a “Category Search”, when the user selects a parent category name or a subcategory name (such as names  403  of  FIG. 22, 503  of  FIG. 23 ) in a circle with a colored rim, item  1114  will also occur. In item  1114 , a new subroutine of the GUI script software in Frame 1 will be called to render a new category page, which will be downloaded into Frame 2. This page will be displayed in the same format, either graphical or textual, as the format displayed on the previous page (where the selection was made). After the new page is loaded in Frame 2, the user is returned to state  1108 . 
     As provided in item  1115 , with regards to a “Website Search”, if the user clicks on a category or subcategory name over a category/subcategory icon shown in gray, indicating a “Dead” or “dead-end” category which has no more subcategories beneath it, a new category page (see e.g.  FIG. 7 ) showing a list of all web sites in that category/subcategory that matched the search query will be downloaded to the browser. Similarly, in item  1115 , with regards to a “Category Search”, if the user clicks on a category or subcategory name in a black-rimmed circle, a new category page (see e.g.  FIG. 7 ) showing a list of all web sites in that category/subcategory that matched the search query will be downloaded to the browser. In item  1116 , if the user clicks on a web site link included in the list, that web site will be downloaded to the browser as in item  1109 . Each above act need not be included or occur in the above order; additional or different acts may be included. 
     Now referring to ITEM 1 in TABLE 1, Search.exe, the main CGI program of this embodiment which resides on the server ( 105 a of  FIG. 1 ) and which imports the search results from the dmoz.org search engine ( 109  of  FIG. 1 ) and exports to the user&#39;s browser ( 102  of  FIG. 1 ), the various script programs and subroutines to render the previously described GUI and textual user interface pages. The search results from the dmoz.org search engine are imported using a WINSOCK interface using the URL for a standard search results web page. 
     Referring to the “Website Search” method, the dmoz.org search results page for the first 20 matching web sites using “cars” as the search query is shown in  FIG. 19 . Note that after a listing of the first 5 matching “Open Directory Categories” is the first 20 matching “Open Directory Sites” of which the first 3 are shown in this figure. These “Open Directory Sites” are utilized for the “Website Search”. This page is accessed by the URL “http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=cars”. The HTML which is returned, is parsed to extract the following five characteristics of each website and storing them into the appropriate array variables- 
     capray—The caption for the website ( 1901  in  FIG. 19 ) textray—The textual description for the website ( 1902  in  FIG. 19 ) linkray—The URL for the website ( 1903  in  FIG. 19 ) catray—The category path for the website ( 1904  in  FIG. 19 ) catcntray—The total number of matching websites in this category—used for dead-ends ( 1905  in  FIG. 19 ) 
     To obtain the next 20 matching websites the URL “http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=cars&amp;istart=21” is accessed, and then the URL “http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=cars&amp;jstart=41” is accessed to obtain the next 20 matching websites of which only the first 10 are parsed since in this example we are assuming “1-50” sites. Note that these arrays (excluding catcntray) are exported to Frame #1 as indicated by  1003 a in  FIG. 10  and also as represented by the first 5 websites in LINES  1315 - 1334  in  FIG. 13 . 
     Referring to the “Category Search” method, the dmoz.org search results page for the first 25 matching category paths using “cars” as the search query is shown in  FIG. 27 . This page is accessed by the URL “http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=cars&amp;morecat=1”. The HTML which is returned, is parsed to extract the following two characteristics of each category path and storing them into the appropriate array variables- 
     catray—The category path ( 2701  in  FIG. 27 ) 
     catcntray—The total number of matching websites in this category—used for dead-ends ( 2702  in  FIG. 27 ) 
     To obtain the next 25 matching websites the URL “http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=cars&amp;morecat=26” is accessed, and then the URL “http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=cars&amp;morecat=51” is accessed to obtain the next 25 matching websites, and then the URL “http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=cars&amp;morecat=76” is accessed to obtain the last 25 matching websites for a total of 100. 
     Referring only to the catray array for the “Website Search” method—the category path for each website from 1-50 is listed in  FIG. 20 . First this list is sorted into groups of common parent categories, as shown in Tables 6-11. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 catray(4) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: Suffolk: 
               
               
                   
                 Ipswich: Business and Economy: Shopping: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(18) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: 
               
               
                   
                 Bristol: Business and Economy: Shopping: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(20) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: Recreation 
               
               
                   
                 and Sports: Sports: Motorsport: Touring Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(21) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: 
               
               
                   
                 Bedfordshire: Bedford: Business and Economy: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(22) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: Business 
               
               
                   
                 and Economy: Shopping: Vehicles: Parts and Accessories” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(25) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: 
               
               
                   
                 Suffolk: Ipswich: Business and Economy: Shopping: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(30) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: 
               
               
                   
                 Bristol: Business and Economy: Shopping: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(31) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: Recreation 
               
               
                   
                 and Sports: Sports: Motorsport: Touring Cars” 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 catray(32) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: 
               
               
                   
                 Bedfordshire: Bedford: Business and Economy: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(34) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: 
               
               
                   
                 Suffolk: Ipswich: Business and Economy: Shopping: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(37) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: 
               
               
                   
                 Bristol: Business and Economy: Shopping: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(39) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: 
               
               
                   
                 Suffolk: Ipswich: Business and Economy: Shopping: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(40) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: Recreation 
               
               
                   
                 and Sports: Sports: Motorsport: Touring Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(41) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: 
               
               
                   
                 Bedfordshire: Bedford: Business and Economy: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(43) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: Business 
               
               
                   
                 and Economy: Shopping: Vehicles: Parts and Accessories: 
               
               
                   
                 catray(46) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: 
               
               
                   
                 Bristol: Business and Economy: Shopping: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(48) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: Recreation 
               
               
                   
                 and Sports: Sports: Motorsport: Touring Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(49) =“Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: 
               
               
                   
                 Bedfordshire: Bedford: Business and Economy: Cars” 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 catray(7 =“Shopping: Vehicles: Autos: Internet Sales” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(8) =“Shopping: Recreation and Hobbies: Models: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(9) =“Shopping: Vehicles: Directories” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(10) =“Shopping: Recreation and Hobbies: Models: Slot Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(11) =“Shopping: Vehicles: Autos: Parts and Accessories: 
               
               
                   
                 European Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(12) =“Shopping: Vehicles: Autos: Parts and Accessories: 
               
               
                   
                 American Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(16) =“Shopping: Recreation and Hobbies: Models: Radio 
               
               
                   
                 Control: Cars and Trucks” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(26) =“Shopping: Vehicles: Autos: Classic” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(27) =“Shopping: Recreation and Hobbies: Models: Slot Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(33) =“Shopping: Auctions: Autos” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(50) =“Shopping: Sports: Auto Racing” 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 catray(1) =“Recreation: Autos: Enthusiasts: Kit Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(2) =“Recreation: Models: Scale: Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(3) =“Recreation: Models: RC: RC Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(13) =“Recreation: Autos: Enthusiasts: Exotic Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(29) =“Recreation: Collecting: Toys: Cars and Trucks” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(35) =“Recreation: Autos: Enthusiasts: Muscle Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(44) =“Recreation: Travel: Reservations: Vehicles: Car 
               
               
                   
                 Rentals: Exotic Cars” 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 catray(5) =“Sports: Auto Racing: Sprint Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(6) =“Sports: Auto Racing: Touring Cars” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(14) =“Sports: Auto Racing: Drag Racing” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(45) =“Spoils: Auto Racing: Drag Racing” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(15) =“Arts: Music: Bands and Artists: C: Cars, The” 
               
               
                   
                 catray(19) =“Arts: Genres: Automotive: Art Cars” 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 catray(17) =“Home: Consumer Information: Automobiles: Advocacy 
               
               
                 and Protection” 
               
               
                 catray(23) =“Home: Consumer Information: Automobiles: Purchasing: 
               
               
                 By Class: Sports Cars” 
               
               
                 catray(24) =“Home: Consumer Information: Automobiles: Purchasing: 
               
               
                 By Class: Luxury Cars” 
               
               
                 catray(36) =“Business: Industries: Transportation: Auto Transport” 
               
               
                 catray(38) =“Business: Industries: Transportation: Trucking: Truck 
               
               
                 Transport: Pilot Car Companies” 
               
               
                 catray(42) =“Business: Industries: Transportation: Auto Transport” 
               
               
                 catray(28) =“Society: Issues: Transportation: Roads, Cars and Trucks:  
               
               
                 Road Safety” 
               
               
                 catray(47) =“Society: Issues: Transportation: Roads, Cars and Trucks” 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     These groups of websites are used to create Sub link 1  ( 1003 b in  FIG. 10 ) which is exported to Frame 1 and is represented by the GUI page in  FIG. 4 . Note that as far as positioning the dots around the ovals, in this embodiment, for clusters with less than 7 dots, the dots are arranged symmetrically around and as close to the oval as possible. For clusters with at least 7 dots, the dots are arranged in a circle, or if needed, two circles around the oval. Note also that a ring is chosen for each cluster that has a diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the dots. Note also that the method for positioning the clusters on the web page, is as follows—starting from the upper right corner, the clusters are positioned vertically in a zig-zag pattern, starting with the smallest cluster, “Society”, followed by the largest cluster, “Regional”, followed by the next 2 largest clusters after “Society”, which are “Arts” and “Business”, followed by the next smallest cluster after “Regional”, which is “Shopping”, followed by the next 2 largest clusters after “Business”, which are “Home” and “Sports”, followed by the next smallest cluster after “Shopping”, which is “Recreation”, then there are no more clusters left. So the zig-zag pattern is- 
     1. The Smallest cluster 
     2. The Largest cluster (of the remaining clusters) 
     3. The Smallest cluster (of the remaining clusters) 
     4. The Smallest cluster (of the remaining clusters) 
     5. Repeat 2-5 until no more clusters remain. 
     After Sub link 1  is exported to Frame #1, each of the clusters is subdivided into further subcategory groups. For instance, referring to the above “Shopping” group of websites—after stripping of the parent category, “Shopping”, and sorting this list into groups of common second-level category names, you would have the following result shown in Table 12. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 catray(7) = “Vehicles: Autos: Internet Sales” 
               
               
                 catray(9) = “Vehicles: Directories” 
               
               
                 catray(11) = “Vehicles: Autos: Parts and Accessories: European Cars” 
               
               
                 catray(12) = “Vehicles: Autos: Parts and Accessories: American Cars” 
               
               
                 catray(26) = “Vehicles: Autos: Classic” 
               
               
                 catray(8) = “Recreation and Hobbies: Models: Cars” 
               
               
                 catray(10) = “Recreation and Hobbies: Models: Slot Cars” 
               
               
                 catray(16) = “Recreation and Hobbies: Models: Radio Control: Cars and 
               
               
                 Trucks” 
               
               
                 catray(27) = “Recreation and Hobbies: Models: Slot Cars” 
               
               
                 catray(33) = “Auctions: Autos” 
               
               
                 catray(50) = “Sports: Auto Racing” 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     These groups of websites are used to create Sub link 12  ( 1003 b in  FIG. 10 ) which is exported to Frame 1 and was previously listed in  FIG. 18 . This subroutine is represented by the GUI page in  FIG. 5 . Each one of these second-level groups is further subdivided into third-level, then fourth-level, etc. until every website&#39;s category path has reached a “dead end”. 
     Referring only to the catray array for the “Category Search” method—the category path for the first 50 out of 100 matching categories is listed in  FIG. 28 . Note that the methodology for parsing, and sorting the “Category Search” category list is substantially the same as that used for the “Website Search” method. The method for arranging the circles on the web page are also similar to the arrangement of the rings for the “Website Search” method, without the website icons since they are not applicable to the “Category Search” method. However, it should be understood that the above discussion applies to one or more embodiment of the invention, but is not required for all embodiments of the invention or limiting upon the appended claims. 
       FIG. 29  is a flowchart showing various methods and capabilities of one embodiment of the invention utilizing CGI software and GUI script software as utilized from the server side ( 104  of  FIG. 1 ). In item  2901 , the main CGI program Search.exe (ITEM 1 in TABLE 1) receives the search string, the number of websites (1-50 or 1-100), and the search type (“Website Search” or “Category Search”) after the user enters a search string, selects the number of websites, and clicks on one of the search buttons in his browser (see  201 ,  202 ,  203 , and  204  in  FIG. 2 ). In item  2902  the Search.exe program exports script module 1 to Frame 1 (see  1001  in  FIG. 10  and LINES  1303 - 1305  of  FIG. 13 ). In item  2903  Search.exe exports the ktsubs.vbs file (see  1002  in  FIG. 10  and LINE  1306  of  FIG. 13 ). In item  2904  Search.exe imports one page of search results from the dmoz.org search engine. As indicated in item  2905 , this process is repeated until the total number of required results are obtained. For a “Website Search” this number is either 50 or 100 matching websites depending on the selection of the user (see  202  of  FIG. 2 ). For a “Category Search”, in the embodiment of the invention a total of 100 matching categories is the requisite total. Item  2906  and  2907  indicates that in the case of a “Website Search”, Search.exe will export the necessary global variables which characterize each matching website (see  103 a in  FIG. 10  and LINES  1307 - 1334  in  FIG. 13 ). 
     Item  2908  represents the initialization of the subroutine count, n, which will be used to delineate each subroutine (see  103 b in  FIG. 10 ) which will define each and every possible GUI/textual user interface page. Item  2909  represents the parsing of the categories of the matching websites (“Website Search”) or simply the matching categories (“Category Search”), and then the grouping of the matching categories into common parent-level groups. As indicated in item  2910 , after graphically arranging these groups of websites (“Website Search”) into clusters or categories (“Category Search”) into circles and arranging those clusters or circles on the web page (as described earlier), n is incremented and Sub link 1  is exported to Frame #1. As indicated in item  2911 , the largest of these groups is selected. As indicated in item  2912 , if this group is not a “dead-end” category (further subcategories), then the current top-level category is stripped off, as indicated by item  2913 , and the process of items  2909 ,  2910 ,  2911 , and  2912  are repeated. If the current group is a “dead-end” category (no more subcategories) then if there are more groups remaining at the current category level, as indicated in item  2914 , then items  2911  and  2912  are repeated. If there are not anymore remaining groups at the current category level, then if the current category level is not the parent category level (the initial level of categories), as indicated by item  2915 , then the current category level is “backed-up” by one category level to the category level which preceded it, as indicated by item  2916 , and then item  2914  is repeated. If the current category level is the parent category level then all possible interface pages have been created and their corresponding subroutines have been exported to Frame 1. As indicated by item  2917  the Search.exe program exports script module 4 to Frame 1 (see  1004  in  FIG. 10  and  FIG. 14 ). Search.exe finishes execution, as indicated by item  2918 . 
       FIG. 30  illustrates a generic XML Application Program Interface to import a list of “n” data elements from a database query engine. This API is useful with both the Implicit and Explicit GUI options of the embodiment shown.  FIGS. 31 and 32  illustrate a specific XML API which may be used by the Implicit GUI option and which conserves bandwidth by importing “n” matching leaf nodes as shown in  FIG. 31 , rather than “n” discrete data elements. The second attribute is a URL to access the particular list of matching data elements which are resident within that leaf node. When that URL is implemented a list of “n” data elements are returned as indicated in  FIG. 32 .  FIG. 33  illustrates an example generic representation of a typical interface with a database query engine versus the particular search engine indicated in  FIG. 1 .  FIGS. 16 and 17  illustrate a representation of a hybrid GUI option whereby any category within of a category search (“Implicit” GUI) which contain no more than 25 data elements, are implemented by the “Explicit” GUI option.  FIG. 16  is a combination of presentation modes shown in  FIGS. 4 and 22 , while  FIG. 17  is a combination of presentation modes shown in  FIGS. 5 and 23 .  FIG. 34  is a particular implementation whereby two levels of the hierarchy are presented at one time while still maintaining the aggregate data element presentation.  FIG. 34  represents the “Shopping” mode with it&#39;s matching children modes presented with it&#39;s circle, along with it&#39;s matching aggregate data elements. However, nothing in the preceding exemplary software code descriptions, examples and operation are limiting upon the present invention or the appended claims. 
     While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, modifications thereof can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or teachings of this invention. For example, in one embodiment of this invention, a textual, graphical, or aural advertisement may be integrated into each GUI page by adding one more ring (or circle) and placing an advertiser&#39;s icon or a brief description of the advertisement inside. By placing the mouse cursor over the description a pop-up window would appear with a more detailed description of the advertisement. By clicking on the description, the advertiser&#39;s web page would be downloaded. For another example, in some embodiments, the top 10 ranked website icons could be graphically delineated from the rest of the ranked websites. For another example, the bulbs for the top 10 ranked sites could have black rings surrounding them so that the user could readily distinguish the top 10 websites from the rest of the bulbs. 
     In yet other embodiments of the invention, for example, the website descriptions could be downloaded from the server separately from the rest of the script software in Frame 1 and all of the content necessary to render all of the GUI pages, except for the descriptions of each website, are downloaded into Frame 1. Note that these descriptions are the text displayed in the pop-up window whenever the mouse cursor is positioned over a website icon. After all of the subroutines for rendering each and every GUI is downloaded into Frame 1, the first GUI interface (eg.  FIG. 4 ) is rendered in Frame 2 just as before. Each website icon could, for example, be white with a colored ring to indicate that the descriptions for each website is not yet available for viewing. If a user were to position the mouse cursor over such an icon, a pop-up window would indicate “Still downloading description” or something to that effect. Also, until all website descriptions are downloaded, the “TEXT” button would be inactive. Immediately upon rendering the first GUI page, the downloading of all of the website descriptions could begin downloading into a fourth frame, Frame 4. After each website description is downloaded the corresponding website icon would turn into the standard solid colored bulb to indicate that the description for that website is available. If the user were to position the mouse cursor over such a website icon, a pop-up window would appear with the corresponding textual description displayed. Note that in this embodiment, while the website descriptions are downloading, the user would still be able to navigate the GUI page(s) in all other aspects, excluding only the viewing of website descriptions (via pop-up windows) not yet downloaded and the linking to the corresponding website page. 
     Preferred embodiments of the present invention thus offer advantages over the prior art and are well adapted to carry out one or more of the objects of the invention. However, the present invention does not require each of the acts and components described above. Any one or more of the above features, acts, steps, processes or components may be employed in any suitable configuration without inclusion of other such features, acts, steps, processes or components. Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and methods of operation. Additional features, capabilities, components, functions, methods, uses and applications may be included. 
     The methods described above and any other methods which may fall within the scope of any of the appended claims can be performed in any desired suitable order and are not necessarily limited to the sequence described herein or as may be listed in any of the appended claims. Moreover, the methods of the present invention do not require use of the particular components or embodiments shown and described in the present specification, but are equally applicable with any other suitable structure, form and configuration of components. 
     Accordingly, while preferred embodiments of this invention have been shown and described, many variations, modifications and/or changes of the system, apparatus and methods of the present invention, such as in the components, details of construction and operation, arrangement of parts and/or methods of use, are possible, contemplated by the patentee, within the scope of the appended claims, and may be made and used by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit or teachings of the invention and scope of appended claims. Thus, all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings should be interpreted as illustrative and not limiting, and the scope of the invention and the appended claims is not limited to the embodiments described and shown herein.