Patent Publication Number: US-2022232689-A1

Title: Smart wall-plate system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application makes reference to and claims the benefit of the filing date of pending U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/861,449, filed Jun. 14, 2019, entitled “Smart Wall-Plate System,” which application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The present disclosure relates generally to a wall-plate, more particularly, to a smart wall-plate system having customizable device controls. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     In-wall electrical devices such as, for example, an in-wall load control device generally include a toggle switch, a dimmer switch, etc. and can be used to control one or more loads such as, for example, a lighting load. Typically, each in-wall electrical device includes a conventional wall-plate. Conventional wall-plates are essentially decorative and provide no function other than to aesthetically cover any holes within a wall used to install the in-wall electrical device. As spaces begin to include more smart devices that can be controlled wirelessly, either directly or indirectly or through cloud services or using a local hub or controller, additional convenient control surfaces are needed throughout a space to provide interfaces for controlling the smart devices. While conventional wall-plates are often found throughout spaces in accessible locations, conventional wall-plate surfaces are very limited in functionality. 
     Thus, it would be desirable to provide a smart wall-plate system that includes smart device controls that can be customized by a user and that can be easily installed and configured by the user. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
     The present disclosure is directed to a smart wall-plate system having customizable device controls to initiate automations including functions, routines, actions, activities, or controls (used interchangeably herein without the intent to limit) to be performed by a single device or a variety of local or remote devices. The smart wall-plate system may comprise a wall plate cover (often referred to as a wall plate), a mounting bracket, or a combination of a wall plate and a mounting bracket to couple with an electrical junction box or an in-wall device. The wall plate may cover an opening in a floor, wall, or ceiling of an electrical junction box of an in-wall device or even a blank plate to cover wiring access within a wall, ceiling, or floor. The in-wall device may be any type of device that may be installed in or about a junction box such as a lighting device, a lighting fixture, a breaker, a light switch, a power receptacle, a data outlet, an audio outlet, and/or the like. 
     The wall plate, mounting bracket, or combination of the wall plate and the mounting bracket may include circuitry on a printed circuit board (PCB). The circuitry may be integrated with a housing of the wall plate, the mounting bracket, or a combination of the wall plate and the mounting bracket, or may be applied to the housing of the same. 
     The smart wall-plate system may wirelessly connect directly or indirectly with any number and type of local and remote devices as well as various cloud service platforms and home service hubs or assistants. The local and remote devices can include, for example, lighting devices, smart devices, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. The wall-plate system may receive an input from a user. The wall-plate system may transmit a signal to a remote device based on the received input to implement an instruction associated with the received input or may determine and implement an instruction corresponding to the received input. The instruction may specify an automated activity to be performed. The wall-plate system or the remote device may implement the instruction by transmission of one or more signals indicating the instruction to one or more devices, cloud service platforms, and/or home service hubs, thereby initiating or triggering performance of the automated activity. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       By way of example, specific embodiments of the disclosed device will now be described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an operating environment for a smart wall-plate system; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a block diagram of functional components of the smart wall-plate system of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a first logic flow associated with the smart wall-plate system of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a second logic flow associated with the smart wall-plate system of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a first embodiment of the smart wall-plate system depicted in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 6A  illustrates a second embodiment of the smart wall-plate system depicted in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 6B  illustrates a third embodiment of the smart wall-plate system depicted in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 7A  illustrates a fourth embodiment of the smart wall-plate system depicted in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 7B  illustrates a fifth embodiment of the smart wall-plate system depicted in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a sixth embodiment of the smart wall-plate system depicted in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an embodiment of a wireless transceiver, radio, and antenna array for the smart wall-plate system depicted in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 10  depicts an embodiment of a flowchart to generate and transmit frames for communications between wireless communication devices for the smart wall-plate system depicted in  FIG. 1 ; and 
         FIG. 11  depicts an embodiment of a flowchart to receive and interpret frames for communications between wireless communication devices for the smart wall-plate system depicted in  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Devices, systems, and methods in accordance with the present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the devices, systems, and methods are shown. The disclosed devices, systems, and method, however, may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the devices, systems, and methods to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, like numbers refer to like elements throughout. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an operating environment  100  for a smart wall-plate system  102 . The smart wall-plate system  102  may provide customizable control of a variety of local and/or remote devices through a user interface provided on a surface positioned around an opening for an in-wall device  104 . In some embodiments, the in-wall device  104  may be an electrical device such as, for example, a load control device such as, for example, a paddle switch, a toggle switch, a dimmer switch, a slide switch, a rocker switch, a push button, a capacitive touch switch, a touchscreen, etc. For example, the in-wall device  104  may be a light switch that may be coupled to any type of load such as, for example, a lighting load, a power receptacle, or a motor load such as a Fan. 
     In other embodiments, the in-wall device  104  may be a light fixture, a lighting device, an electrical receptacle or outlet, a blank, a sensor, a nightlight, an audio outlet, a data outlet, a phone line outlet, a breaker, etc. While in-wall devices, such as the in-wall device  104 , may be described and illustrated in some embodiments herein as load control devices, embodiments are not so limited. The in-wall devices discussed herein can be any now known or hereafter developed in-wall device. 
     The operating environment  100  illustrates some of the types of devices, services, platforms, and/or networking components to which the wall-plate system  102  may connect, either directly or indirectly. A direct connection or link, for instance, may comprise a direct wireless link or channel between the smart wall-plate system  102  and another device such as a computing device  110  or a local device  112 . The direct connection or link is possible when devices are within wireless communication range of one another. An indirect connection or link, for instance, may involve a wireless link via a relay device such as a wireless router, wireless switch, or wireless hub. An indirect connection or link, for example, may also involve communication with a controller to cause the controller to issue instructions to other devices wired to the controller or wirelessly connected to the controller. 
     The operating environment  100  may represent multiple networks such as ad hoc networks between local devices such as devices  102   110 ,  112 , and  114  within wireless communication range, a local area network (LAN) with an access point to manage devices on the LAN and establish communications between devices within the wireless communication range of the access point, an Internet  120  to provide remote access between local networks and other networks coupled with the Internet  120 , and one or more remote networks represented by the proprietary cloud  116  and remote device  122  as well as the third-party cloud  118  and remote device  124 . 
     The wall-plate system  102  and portions of the operating environment  100  may reside within the same physical space such as, for example, a home, an office, a retail space, a warehouse, etc. The wall-plate system  102  enables a user  106  to control local and remote devices as well as local and remote third-party devices (collectively referred to herein as “devices” without intent to limit). The wall-plate system  102  may further provide the user  106  with access to proprietary (e.g., affiliated with the wall-plate system  102 ) and/or third-party service platforms  116  and  118 , respectively, such as, for example, cloud service platforms as described further herein (collectively referred to herein as “cloud service platforms” without intent to limit). The wall-plate system  102  may control the devices with any type of automation function, routine, action, activity, or control such as, for example, implementing a predetermined lighting scene with lighting devices that are not powered off by an in-wall device such as the in-wall device  104 . For instance, the in-wall device  104  may comprise a light switch coupled with one or more lighting devices. While the lighting devices remain powered through the in-wall device  104 , the wall-plate system  102  may control brightness and/or color of one or more of the lighting devices as a group or individually. 
     The user  106  may also interact with the cloud service platforms to engage services provided by the cloud service platforms and/or to control remote devices to implement automation through the cloud service platforms. In various embodiments, a user input component of the user interface of the wall-plate system  102  may be associated or linked to a predetermined automation activity. When the user input component receives an input from the user  106 , the wall-plate system  102  may cause transmission of one or more instructions to one or more devices to implement the automation activity, including an instruction to be handled by a cloud service platform. In some embodiments, for instance, the wall-plate system  102  may comprise a processor and memory to process an input from the user  106  to determine one or more instructions to transmit to one or more devices. In other embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may transmit a signal in response to the input from the user  106  and a local or remote device may interpret the signal to determine one or more instructions to transmit to one or more devices. In such embodiments, the signal may comprise a packet including, e.g., an identifier for the wall-plate system  102  such as an address, an identifier for the local or remote device to which the signal is being transmitted such as an address. The addresses may be in any form such as a medium access control (MAC) address, a basic service set identifier (BSSID), a service set identifier (SSID), an assigned address, a compressed address, a truncated address, a hashed address, and/or the like. In further embodiments, the signal may include additional data such as audio data from the user  106 , an instruction, a type of input, an address associated with an input, and/or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the wall-plate system  102  may comprise a wireless communications interface  108  (illustrated as the antenna coupled with the wall-plate system  102 ). The wireless communications interface  108  may comprise a baseband module coupled with one or more wireless transceivers, one or more radios, and one or more antennas, or antenna elements, to facilitate communication with wireless devices and/or cloud services platforms via one or more wireless communication protocols. In some embodiments, the wireless communications interface  108  may implement Bluetooth communications. In other embodiments, the wireless communications interface  108  may implement Wi-Fi communications. In still other embodiments, the wireless communications interface  108  may implement more than one type of wireless communications such as a Bluetooth communications and Wi-Fi communications. 
     To illustrate, some embodiments of the wall-plate system  102  may include a wireless communications interface  108  configured for Bluetooth communications and is designed to connect to one or more cloud service platforms via the Internet by pairing with a local device  112  that connects to the Internet via an area network such as a LAN. When the wall-plate system  102  is first powered on, the wall-plate system  102  may either actively seek a Bluetooth connection with the local device  112  or wait for a request from the local device  112 . For instance, a user may have an application on a computer or smart phone to manage connections with the local device  112  and once the wall-plate system  102  is powered on and Bluetooth communications become available, the user request the local device  112  to detect new and available Bluetooth devices such as the wall-plate system  102 . Once detected, the user may pair the local device  112  with the wall-plate system  102  by, e.g., entering a standard pairing code for the wall-plate-system  102  into the application for the local device  112 . In other embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may automatically pair with the local device  112  based on identification of the local device  112  as a recognized device. In still other embodiments, the user may use an application to communicate with the wall-plate system  102  and may pair the wall-plate system  102  with the local device  112  via a Bluetooth connection with the wall-plate system  102 . 
     Once paired with the local device  112 , the wall-plate system  102  may interact with the local device  112  and/or a cloud service platform via the local device  112  to set up functionality or automated routines with one or more user inputs built into the wall-plate system  102 . In some embodiments, the user may provide commands to the local device  112  to assign functionality or automated routines to each of the one or more user inputs in the wall-plate system  102 . For example, one user input on the wall-plate system  102  may comprise a capacitive switch and the user may assign a weather announcement to the capacitive switch. As a result, when the user activates the capacitive switch, the wall-plate system  102  may transmit an indication that the user selected the capacitive switch to the local device  112 . The local device  112  may associate the user input of selection of the capacitive switch with annunciating the weather, communicate with a cloud services platform to obtain weather information or an audio weather announcement for a user-selected location or the local area of the location of the local device  112 , and output an announcement of the weather either through a speaker within the local device  112  or a speaker communicatively coupled with the local device  112 . 
     For both Bluetooth and Wi-Fi communications, the baseband module of the wireless communications interface of the wall-plate system  102  may generate or receive packets that include a packet header, a payload, and a data integrity check. The data check may be optional for some communications. 
     The baseband module of the wireless communications interface of the wall-plate system  102  may comprise a baseband processor or processing circuitry to perform medium access control (MAC) layer functionality and form MAC layer packets or frames that are referred to as MAC service data units (MSDUs) in some embodiments. The baseband module may pass the MSDUs to the physical layer (PHY) logic as MAC protocol data units (MPDUs) for inclusion in PHY packets or frames that are referred to as PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) in some embodiments. The wireless transceiver may comprise transmitter circuitry to form the PHY packets with one or more of the MPDUs and encode and modulate PHY packets for transmission. The wireless transceiver may also comprise receiver circuitry to demodulate and decode PHY packets received to provide the baseband module with MPDUs received in the PHY packets. The radio may comprise radio frequency circuitry to transmit packets and receive packets on a carrier frequency and the radio may couple with an array of antenna elements to transmit directional or omni-directional signals that include the PHY packets to one or more other devices. 
     For Bluetooth, the packet header may include fields such as a sequence number field, an acknowledgement number field, a data integrity check present field, a reliable field, a packet type field, a payload length field, and a header checksum field. The baseband module may calculate a sequence number for the packet and include that sequence number in the sequence number field. The baseband module may also calculate the next sequence number expected and include the next sequence number expected in the acknowledgement number field. The packet type may describe the type of the packet as, e.g., an acknowledgement packet, a command packet, a data packet, or other packet type. The payload length field may include a number of, e.g., octets of the payload data include in the packet. Furthermore, the packet header checksum may include a value to calculate to verify the validity of the packet header data received. 
     For Wi-Fi, the packet (or frame) header may include a frame control field with fields such as a protocol version field to indicate the protocol version associated with the MSDU, a type field and possibly a subtype field to indicate the format of the MSDU, and possibly other fields. The packet header may also include one or more addresses such as a BSSID, a source address and a destination address. The frame body may include a payload such as an instruction associated with the user input, an indication of a user input, and the like. For instance, if the wall-plate system  102  includes more than one user input such as two or more buttons or switches, the frame body may include an indication of receipt of input from one or more of the user inputs. To illustrate further, a combination of multiple inputs from the user may indicate a different automation routine or function than a single input from the user so the data to identify each of the user inputs may be included in the frame body of the MSDU. 
     The PHY packet typically includes a PHY preamble, a PHY header and a PHY body. In many embodiments, the PHY preamble provides a repetitive sequence of bits, referenced in some embodiments as short training sequences in a short training field, to inform the receiving device of the incoming communication. The PHY preamble may also include repetitive long training sequences in a long training field to train the antenna array of the receiving device to receive the incoming communication. In several embodiments, the PHY header includes a signal field to provide information about the incoming communication and the PHY body or payload may include one or more MPDUs. 
     In some embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may transmit one or more PHY packets including one or more MSDUs to transmit information about a user input to a receiving device such as the computing device  110 , the proprietary cloud  116 , the third-party cloud  118 , and/or any other device in the operating environment  100 . For example, the user input to the wall-plate system  102  may involve a tap by the user on a button or touch of a capacitive touch switch to wake an audio record function in the wall-plate system  102 . The user may then provide a command to the wall-plate system  102  in the form of a voice command such as “Lighting scene 1”. The wall-plate system  102  may record the audio and form audio packets to, e.g., transmit to the third-party cloud  118  to translate the audio command. 
     In some embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may form audio packets at the MAC layer as, e.g., one or more MSDUs. The MAC layer may pass the MSDUs to the PHY to transmit to the third-party cloud  118  to translate the audio command. In some embodiments, the third-party cloud  118  may translate the command and provide the command to the wall-plate system  102  for execution. In other embodiments, the third-party cloud  118  may provide the command to the proprietary cloud  116  for execution. In further embodiments, the third-party cloud  118  may provide the command to a local controller  112  for execution. In still other embodiments, the third-party cloud  118  determine the command and execute the command via transmission of one or more instructions to one or more devices associated with the wall-plate system  102 . 
     In further embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may receive a user input such as a touch of a capacitive touch switch and transmit one or more instructions based on the user input. For instance, the wall-plate system  102  may associate an identifier for the wall-plate system  102  or an identifier for the specific capacitive touch switch that the user touched. In response to the user input, the wall-plate system  102  may transmit a packet directly to a single other device, broadcast the packet to a group of devices, or broadcast the packet to all devices in the operating environment  100 . For example, if the wall-plate system  102  has a single capacitive touch switch, the wall-plate system  102  may transmit a null data packet (NDP) to a local controller  112 . The local controller  112  may be another device in the operating environment such as another wall-plate system, the computing system, or any other device such as a remote device, the proprietary cloud  116 , or a third-party cloud  118 . In several embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may transmit a packet to another device through a network such as a personal area network, a local area network, a wide area network, a cellular network, the Internet, and/or the like. In many embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may associate with one of the networks through a local device such as an Internet router or a wireless switch coupled with a local area network. 
     The wall-plate system  102  may transmit the NDP in the form of a MAC packet or a PHY packet. For instance, the NDP may include a MSDU with no frame body (no payload) or a PHY protocol data unit (PPDU) in the form of a PHY header with no payload. The MAC NDP may identify the wall-plate system  102  with, e.g., a source address. The PHY NDP may identify the wall-plate system  102  as data coded into the PHY header such as one or more training sequences that differ from typical training sequences via one or more phase shifts of the training sequences. 
     Some embodiments implement one or more Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (sometimes collectively referred to as “Wi-Fi”). Such standards may include, for instance, the IEEE 802.11-2016, published Mar. 29, 2012, and the IEEE 802.11ax/D1.4, published August 2017. Some embodiments implement the IEEE standards in accordance with a Wi-Fi Alliance specification such as the Wi-Fi Peer-to-Peer (P2P) technical specification version 1.7 published in 2017. Some embodiments implement other wireless communication protocols such as Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy in accordance with, e.g., the Bluetooth Core Specification v5.0 published Dec. 6, 2016, Bluetooth Mesh, Near Field Communication, Zigbee, Z-wave, one or more cellular communication standards such as one or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3GPP LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), 4G LTE, and/or 5G New Radio (NR), technologies and/or standards, one or more infrared communication protocols, etc. Some embodiments implement a combination of one or more protocols of one or more of the standards and/or specifications. The embodiments are not limited to these standards. 
     The wall-plate system  102  may communicate wirelessly over any frequency within any licensed or unlicensed frequency band (e.g., over a 2.4 GHz operating frequency band or a 5 GHz operating frequency band). The wall-plate system  102  may implement any known security or encryption protocol or standard such as, for example, WEP, WPA or WPA2. The in-wall device  104  may also communicate, either directly or indirectly, with other devices including, for example, those depicted in  FIG. 1  (e.g., over a wired or wireless connection) and/or may communicate with other devices depicted in  FIG. 1  through one or more intermediate devices (such as, for example, a cellular base station, a Wi-Fi router, a cloud service platform, etc.). 
     As further shown in  FIG. 1 , the operating environment  100  may include a local computing device  110 , a first local device  112 , and a second local device  114 . The local computing device  110  may be any type of computing device now known or hereafter developed including, for example, a desktop, a smartphone, a tablet, a notebook, a laptop, a netbook, or other computing device capable of communicating wirelessly with one or more wireless communication networks. The first and second local devices  112 ,  114  may be any type of lighting device such as, for example, a smart bulb and/or a Wi-Fi enabled lighting device. Alternatively, the first and second local devices  112 ,  114  may be any type of non-lighting device such as any type of smart device, Wi-Fi-enabled device, Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, etc. including, for example, a smart thermostat, a smart sensor, a smart device, or any other type of smart appliance. In various embodiments, the first local device  112  may be a smart home control hub or voice service hub (collectively referred to herein as “home service hub” without intent to limit) that is linked to a home and/or remote cloud service platform such as, for example, an Amazon Alexa hub, a Google Home hub, etc. The computing device  110  and the first and second local devices  112 ,  114  may be physically located within the same area or environment as the wall-plate system  102 —for example, within the same room, home, office, retail space, or warehouse. 
     The wall-plate system  102  may be communicatively coupled to a proprietary cloud service platform  116 . The proprietary cloud service platform  116  may be any proprietary cloud service platform associated or affiliated with the wall-plate system  102  and/or the in-wall device  104  (e.g., load control device) such as, for example, a company&#39;s proprietary cloud service platform (herein referred to as the “My Leviton Platform”). The wall-plate system  102  may also be connected to one or more third-party cloud service platforms  118  including, for example, the Amazon cloud service platform or the Google cloud service platform. Other third-party cloud service platforms  118  may include security systems or services (e.g., ADT, etc.) or environmental control systems (e.g., NEST, Honeywell, etc.). The wall-plate system  102  may also be connected to the Internet  120  via, e.g., a wireless router and/or an Internet gateway. 
     The wall-plate system  102  may operate to transmit and receive data from each of the My Leviton platform  116 , any third-party cloud service platform  118 , and the Internet  120 , or any device connected thereto. As shown in  FIG. 1 , in various embodiments, the My Leviton platform  116  may be connected to the cloud service platform  118  so that data may be transmitted between the My Leviton platform  116  and the third-party cloud service platform  118 . For example, data (such as instructions or an indication of the user input received) may be transmitted from the wall-plate system  102  to the My Leviton platform  116  and then to the third-party cloud service platform  118  and/or from the wall-plate system  102  to the third-party cloud service platform  118  and then to the My Leviton platform  116  to control one or more local or remote devices and/or to engage any service provided by the My Leviton platform  116  or the third-party cloud service platform  118 . 
     As further shown in  FIG. 1 , the My Leviton platform  116  may be coupled to a first remote device  122  and the third-party cloud service platform  118  may be coupled to a second remote device  124 . The first and second remote devices  122 ,  124  may be any type of electronic device including any type of computing device. In various embodiments, the first and second remote device  122 ,  124  may be any type of lighting device. Alternatively, in various embodiments, the first and second remote devices  122 ,  124  may be any type of non-lighting device such as any type of smart device, Wi-Fi-enabled device, IoT device, etc. including, for example, a smart thermostat, a smart sensor, a smart device, or any other type of smart appliance. Further, in various embodiments, the first and second remote devices  122 ,  124  may be any type of server, computer storage device, or computer networking system associated with the My Leviton platform  116  or third-party cloud service platform  118 , respectively. The first and second remote devices  122 ,  124  may be located in a location that is remote from or outside of the physical space occupied by the wall-plate system  102 . 
     The wall-plate system  102  may communicate with and/or control the first remote device  122  through connectivity with the My Leviton platform  116  and/or through connectivity with any other device or component depicted in  FIG. 1 . Similarly, the wall-plate system  102  may communicate with and/or control the second remote device  122  through connectivity with the third-party cloud service platform  118  and/or through connectivity with any other device or component depicted in  FIG. 1 . The local device  114  may also be controlled by the wall-plate system  102  directly or indirectly by communicating through a wireless local area network (LAN), communicating through the local controller  112  operating as a home service hub, and/or communicating through the My Leviton platform  116  or third-party cloud services platform  118 . In this manner, any automation function, routine, actions, activity, or control for any number and combination of local and/or remote devices may be initiated by the user  1026  engaging the user interface of the wall-plate system  102 . 
     In various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may include a user interface having one or more user input components that may be engaged by the user  106 . When the user  106  engages a specific user input component, the wall-plate system  102  may determine a predetermined automation activity associated with the user input component engaged by the user  106 . The wall-plate system  102  may then generate an instruction for implementing the automation activity in some embodiments and may transmit an indication of the received user input to another device such as the local controller  112  to interpret and implement the automation activity in other embodiments. The wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , or cloud services platform may then transmit a signal indicating the instruction to one or more devices or components depicted in  FIG. 1  to implement the automation activity. The wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , or cloud services platform may transmit the instruction directly or indirectly to any of the devices or components depicted in  FIG. 1 . Any type of automation activity may be implemented based on the user  106  engaging the wall-plate system  102  including any of the following example activities:
         Implement a local lighting scene—for example, the wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , or cloud services platform may transmit an instruction to the local device  114  (which may be a lighting device) to turn ON, turn OFF, to adjust a dimming setting, etc. The same or related instructions may be issued to other local lighting devices that may also be controlled in order to participate in the same local lighting scene. The instructions may be issued directly, indirectly, or through a combination of directly and indirectly transmitted instructions, including through a cloud services platform.   Implement a remote lighting scene—for example, the wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , or cloud services platform may transmit an instruction to the remote device  122  (which may be a lighting device) to turn ON, turn OFF, to adjust a dimming setting, etc. The same or related instructions may be issued to other remote lighting devices that may also be controlled in order to participate in the same remote lighting scene. The instructions may be transmitted indirectly through the local controller  112  (which may be a home service hub) and/or though the My Leviton platform  116 .   Initiate playback of music—for example, the wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , or cloud services platform may transmit an instruction to a local device  114  (which may be a home service hub) or the computing device  110  (which may be a smartphone) to play music (e.g., from a predetermined playlist).   Order food—for example, the wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , or cloud services platform may transmit an instruction to the to the local device  114  (which may be a home service hub) and/or the third-party cloud service platform  118  to place a predetermined order (e.g., a predetermined pizza order) from a predetermined restaurant or delivery service.   Remote start a car—for example, the wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , or cloud services platform may transmit an instruction to the to the local device  114  (which may be a home service hub) or another device to start up a car.   Implement a return home routine—for example, the wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , or cloud services platform may transmit an instruction to the local device  114  (which may be a home service hub) and/or one or more other devices to implement actions when the user  106  enters a home (e.g., turn ON lights, adjust a thermostat, etc.)   Implement a leave home routine—for example, the wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , or cloud services platform may transmit an instruction to the local device  114  (which may be a home service hub) and/or one or more other devices to implement actions when the user  106  leaves a home (e.g., turn OFF lights, adjust a thermostat, etc.)   Lock a door—for example, the wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , or cloud services platform may transmit an instruction to the local device  114  (which may be a home service hub) and/or one or more other devices to cause a door to be locked.       

     In general, upon engagement of a user input component, the wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , or cloud services platform may issue any number of instructions to any number of local or remote devices, either directly or indirectly, to implement any functionality or to engage any service of any device capable of receiving and processing the instruction. 
     In various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102 , local controller  112 , and/or cloud services platform may be configured by the computing device  110  or the local device  114  operating as a home service hub. As an example, the computing device  110  may be a mobile computing device such as, for example, a smartphone that provides an application (app) that may be used to assign a user input component of the wall-plate system  102  to a particular automated activity. As a further example, the local controller  112  or local device  114  may operate as a home service hub may be used to assign a user input component of the wall-plate system  102  to a particular automated activity. 
     In various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may include a user interface that may receive and process physical inputs and/or verbal inputs from the user  102  to initiate transmission of one or more instructions to implement an automated activity. 
     In various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may control any local or remote device (e.g., the local device  114 ) by transmitting an instruction directly or indirectly including, for example, over local networking communications (including, for example, but not limited to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-Wave control within a space (e.g., a home, a commercial space, a hotel, an office, etc.). In various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may control any local or remote device (e.g., the local device  114  operating as a Wi-Fi enabled lighting device) through the My Leviton platform  116 , through the third-party cloud service platform  118 , the Internet  120 , etc., or any combination thereof. For example, an instruction to turn on the local device  114  (operating as a lighting device) may be issued to one or more of the My Leviton platform  116  or the third-party cloud service  118  (e.g., through the local controller  112  operating as a home service hub) which may, in turn, issue a command to control the local device  114  as desired. Accordingly, connectivity with any device depicted in  FIG. 1  may be direct or indirect including through any cloud service platform. 
     In use, the user  106  may interact with the wall-plate system  102  through the user interface provided by the wall-plate system  102 . The user interface of the wall-plate system  102  may include one or more user input components to facilitate interaction with the user  106 . For example, the wall-plate system  102  may include one or more microphones for receiving voice commands from the user  106 . The wall-plate system  102  may also include one or more actuators, such as, for example, a capacitive touch switch, a touch sensitive device, a touch screen (including capacitive touch switches) or one or more buttons or other physically manipulated inputs, for receiving commands from the user  106 . The wall-plate system  102  may also include one or more sensors such as, for example, a motion sensor, a photocell, a proximity sensor, etc. The sensors, in some embodiments, can provide input in conjunction with the user input to determine the automated activity associated with the user input. The wall-plate system  102  may also include one or more lights such as, for example, an LED, a nightlight, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the user input may be input from a sensor rather than from a button or switch. For instance, the wall-plate system  102  may include a motion sensor or proximity sensor to detect movement by a person in hallway, a room, an entry way, or the like. The user may, for instance, associate the detection of motion or proximity with an automated function to light an area. In some embodiments, the intensity of the lighting upon detection by the sensor may vary based on the time of day. To illustrate, the wall-plate system  102  may comprise one or more sensors as user inputs and the user may program a motion sensor with turning on one or more lights in an area. In response to detection of motion near a wall-plate system  102  at the entrance of a hallway late at night, the wall-plate system  102  may transmit an indication to the local device  112  via, e.g., Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, that the motion sensor detected motion. In response, the local device  112  may, autonomously or via communication with a cloud services platform, turn on lighting at a low level of intensity throughout the entire hallway. On the other hand, if the time of day is early morning, the user may program the light levels to turn on at full intensity. In other embodiments, the light intensity may not vary with the time of day. 
     The wall-plate system  102  provides various advantages over conventional wall-plates. As described herein, the wall-plate system  102  provides customizable device controls on an existing lighting control surface such as, for example, a wall-plate placed around one or more light switches. The wall-plate system  102  utilizes previously unused real estate found on conventional wall-plates and/or mounting brackets for wall plates to add built-in controls that provide an additional smart home control surface or interface. Further, as described herein, in various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may include all of the electronics and/or components related to providing customizable device controls and related functionality. As a result, the wall-plate system  102  may easily replace any existing wall-plate and can be installed without any need to cut holes in the wall and without any need for a neutral or other complex wiring in some embodiments. The wall-plate system  102  may therefore be installed by any user without the need for an electrician in some embodiments. Once installed, the wall-plate system  102  provides the user with built-in smart controls in a convenient location within a space (e.g., a residential or home space, a commercial space, an office, a hotel, etc.), thereby creating a new and dynamic control surface for triggering automated activities and routines. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an embodiment of the wall-plate system  102 . Specifically,  FIG. 2  provides a block diagram of functional components of the wall-plate system  102 . As shown, the wall-plate system  102  may include a voice control interface  202 . The voice control interface  202  may receive and determine voice commands from the user  106 . The voice control interface  202  may be used by the user  106  to control a device through the wall-plate system  102 . 
     The voice control interface  202  may include one or more microphones  203 . The microphones  203  may detect audible commands from the user  106 . The voice control interface  202  may further include one or more speakers  205 . The speakers  205  may output audio information to the user  106 . The audio information may include synthesized voices from the voice control interface  202  and other audible information such as music or an alarm. For example, the wall-plate system  102  may receive an audio packet from a local device  112  or from a cloud services platform via the local device  112  and may output the audio from the audio packet via the one or more speaker  205 . 
     The wall-plate system  102  may include a wireless communications interface  204  such as the wireless communications interface  108  in  FIG. 1 . The wireless communications interface  204  may include the wireless communication connection. The wireless communications interface  204  may provide interfaces for communicating with any local or remote device or network through any one or more wireless communications technology. The wireless communications interface  204  may include one or more transceivers and/or one or more antennas to facilitate communications over any wireless communication technology. 
     The wall-plate system  102  may include an interface such as, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) interface  206 . The LED interface  206  may include one or more LEDs. The LED interface  206  may provide and adjust a visual display based on an operational state of the wall-plate system  102  (e.g., to indicate processing of a command, powering up, powering off, etc.). The LED interface  206  may provide a way for communicating information to the user  106  visually by adjusting the visual state of any LEDs coupled thereto. As an example, the LED interface  206  may provide a low power (e.g., low battery) indicator. As another example, one or more LEDs about a switch such as a capacitive switch may illuminate in response to activation of the switch by the user. In some embodiments, the LEDs may illuminate different colors to provide additional information or feedback to the user. 
     The wall-plate system  102  may include a physical input interface  208  for interfacing with one or more physical inputs that may be manipulated by the user  106 . The physical input interface  208  may include or may be coupled to a variety of inputs including a keyboard, a push button, a slide, a capacitive touch switch or other touch-sensitive switch, and/or the like. The physical input interface  208  may provide a way for the user  106  to provide a command to the wall-plate system  102  to initiate an automated activity. The physical input interface  208  may include any type of input component that may be physically engaged by a user including components that are physically moved by the user  106  (e.g., a push button) or simply physically touched by the user  106  (e.g., capacitive touch switches). 
     The wall-plate system  102  may include a display  210 . The display  210  may include a visual display that may render visual information and a display controller for controlling the rendering of any visual information. The visual information may be any graphical or textual information. The display  210  may include a touchscreen or a touch-sensitive display. Accordingly, the display  210  may provide visual information to the user  106  and/or may receive input from the user  106 . In various embodiments, any capacitive touch switches of the physical input interface  208  may be provided through the display  210  or a pad or switch indication on a wall plate. The display  210  may be part of the LED interface  206  or may be separate therefrom. The physical input interface  208  and/or the display  210  may form a portion of the user interface component of the wall-plate system  102 . 
     The wall-plate system  102  may include a power source  212 . The power source  212  may include electrical power connections and/or a battery. The power source  212  may provide power to any of the constituent functional components of the wall-plate system  102  depicted in  FIG. 2 . In various embodiments, the power source  212  may be an electrical connection coupled to the in-wall device  104  (e.g., load control device). 
     The wall-plate system  102  may include one or more input/output ports  214 . The input/output ports  214  may include any number and type of input and/or output ports including USB, HDMI, A/V, and/or a speaker/headphone jack. The input/output ports  214  provide alternative manners for communicating with the constituent functional components of the wall-plate system  102  depicted in  FIG. 2  or provide alternative ways of providing outputs from any of the same. 
     The wall-plate system  102  may further include a processor circuit  216  and an associated memory component  218 . The memory component  218  may store one or more programs for execution by the processor circuit  216  to implement one or more functions or features of the wall-plate system  102  as described herein. The processor circuit  21  may be implemented using any processor or logic device including a microcontroller. The memory component  218  may be implemented using any machine-readable or computer-readable media capable of storing data, including both volatile and non-volatile memory, and may reside internal or external to the wall-plate system  102 . 
     The processor circuit  216  may implement the functionalities of any of the components depicted in  FIG. 2  or may control or adjust operation of any of the depicted components. Each component depicted in  FIG. 2  may be coupled to the processor circuit  216  as well as any other depicted component. The depicted components may be implemented in hardware or software as appropriate, or any combination thereof. 
     The wall-plate system  102  may further include one or more sensors  220  such as, for example, a motion sensor, a photocell, etc. In use, the sensors  220  may be used to trigger automation. For example, in one embodiment, upon detecting motion, the wall-plate system  102  may initiate one or more actions. In addition, and/or alternatively, in one embodiment, upon detecting a certain light level, the wall-plate system  102  may initiate one or more actions. 
     One or more of the components depicted in  FIG. 2 , also referred as circuitry, may be provided on a medium such as a printed circuit board (PCB) including, for example, the wireless communications interface  204 , the processor circuit  216 , and/or the memory component  218 . The PCB may be implemented in any manner including as a rigid PCB, a flexible PCB, a thermo-formed PCB, in-mold electronics, etc. 
     The PCB may be integrated with a housing of a wall plate of the wall-plate system  102 , with a housing of a mounting bracket of the wall-plate system  102 , partially with a housing of the wall plate and partially with a housing of a mounting bracket for the wall plate of the wall-plate system  102 , or may couple with the wall plate and/or the mounting bracket. In further embodiments, the PCB may be applied to or otherwise coupled with a housing of the wall plate or the mounting bracket, or may be applied partially to a housing of the wall plate and partially to a housing of a mounting bracket for the wall plate of the wall-plate system  102 . For instance, in one embodiment, the PCB may snap into the back of the wall plate or, in other embodiments, the mounting bracket may hold the PCB in contact with the wall plate when mounted to a wall, floor, ceiling, electrical junction box, or the like. 
     Some embodiments may not comprise a mounting bracket or may comprise a mounting bracket that does not include any circuitry. In other embodiments, the PCB is integrated with a mounting bracket of the wall-plate system  102  and the wall plate of the wall-plate system  102  may not include any circuitry. 
     The wall plate of the wall-plate system  102  may be arranged and configured to operatively couple with an electrical junction box for an in-wall device or operatively couple with the in-wall device. In some embodiments, the wall plate of the wall-plate system may be arranged and configured to operatively couple with the electrical junction box for an in-wall device via a mounting bracket. In such embodiments, the mounting bracket may operatively couple with the electrical junction box for an in-wall device and the wall plate may couple with the mounting bracket. 
     In some embodiments, a mounting bracket may operatively couple with an electrical junction box or an in-wall device via one or more openings for screws to attach the mounting bracket with the electrical junction box or an in-wall device. In other embodiments, the mounting bracket may snap on to the electrical junction box or an in-wall device. 
     In some embodiments, the mounting bracket and the wall plate may comprise connection components to electrically interconnect or physically interconnect circuitry on the mounting bracket with circuitry on the wall plate to form the wall plate system  102 . In some embodiments, the mounting bracket and/or the wall plate may include connectors to interconnect with wiring in the electrical junction box such as terminals, leads coupled with the PCB, electrically conductive pads, or any other type of connectors. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a logic flow  300  associated with the smart wall-plate system  102 . The logic flow  300  may begin with block  302 . However, the logic flow  300  may begin with a different block other than the block  302 . Furthermore, the logic flow  300  is not illustrated in a particular order. A different order other than that illustrated may be used. Some or all of the communications and operations associated with the logic flow  300  may be embodied as one or more computer executable instructions. Such computer executable instructions may be stored in a storage medium, such the memory component  218  depicted in  FIG. 2 . A computing device, such as the processor circuit  216  depicted in  FIG. 2 , may execute the stored computer executable instructions. The logic flow  300  may represent operations performed by the wall-plate system  102  when operating within the operating environment  100  in relation to any of the other devices or components depicted in  FIG. 1 . 
     In various embodiments, the logic flow  300  may represent a method of configuring the wall-plate system  102  through a provisioning platform. In various embodiments, the provisioning platform may be the computing device  110  (e.g., including an app running on the computing device  110 ), the local device  112  (e.g., operating as a home service hub providing connectivity to a cloud services platform), and or a cloud services platform (e.g., the My Leviton platform  116  and/or the third-party cloud services platform  118 ). 
     At  302 , a power source may be coupled to the wall-plate system  102 . In various embodiments, a line voltage may be coupled to the wall-plate system  102 . The line voltage may be a line voltage coupled to the in-wall device  104  (e.g., load control device) and/or coupled to, for example, a load (e.g., a lighting load) controlled by the in-wall device  104 . In various embodiments, the power source may be a battery. The battery may be any type of battery now known or hereafter developed including, for example, a cylindrical battery, a coin-cell, etc. The battery may be coupled to the wall-plate system  102  by the user  106  removing a tab or strip blocking electrical connectivity between the battery and the wall-plate system  102  such that when the tab is removed, the wall-plate system  102  (e.g., any component depicted in  FIG. 2 ) may receive power from the battery. In some embodiments, the battery may comprise a rechargeable battery that may or may not be removable and/or swappable. 
     At  304 , the wall-plate system  102  may transmit a first identification signal. The first identification signal may be transmitted wirelessly. The first identification signal may be a broadcast signal that may be received by any device within range to receive the first identification signal. The first identification signal may be transmitted automatically by the wall-plate system  102  in response to the wall-plate system  102  being coupled to the power source at  302 . The first identification signal may include an identifier identifying the wall-plate system  102 . The first identification signal may also indicate that the wall-plate system  102  is new to the operating environment  100 , may indicate that the wall-plate system  102  is ready to be connected to another device or network, and/or may indicate that the wall-plate system  102  is ready to be configured for operation in accordance with the functionalities disclosed herein. 
     In some embodiments, the first identification signal may include a probe request or similar packet transmitted by the MAC layer of the wireless communications interface  108  to actively seek a compatible network within a wireless range of the wall-plate system  102 . For example, a baseband module of the wall-plate system  102  may generate an MSDU in the form of a probe request frame. The probe request or similar packet may include capabilities information associated with the wireless communications interface  108  of the wall-plate system  102  such as modulation and coding rates, bandwidths, and/or the like. In some embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may transmit a probe request or similar packet that includes a service set identifier (SSID) that can be an identifier for a specific network with which the wall-plate system  102  will associate or a wildcard value that identifies one or more networks or any network that can receive the first identification signal. 
     In other embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may passively wait to receive a packet such as a beacon or other packet that identifies an SSID, a basic SSID (BSSID), or otherwise identifies a network within range of the wall-plate system  102 . 
     The wall-plate system  102  may provide an indication that the first identification signal is being transmitted. For example, in various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may control illumination of one or more LEDs to indicate the wall-plate system  102  is transmitting the first identification signal. The first identification signal may be transmitted using any wireless communication technology. 
     At  306 , the user  106  may operate a provisioning platform—for example, the computing device  110 , the local device  112 , the cloud services platform, etc. For purposes of explanation only, the logic flow  300  is described in relation to the user  106  using the computing device  110  to configure the wall-plate system  102  without intent to limit, it will be appreciated that the logic flow  300  could equally use the local device (or local controller)  112 , local device  114 , the cloud services platform, or any other now known or hereafter developed provisioning platform. The computing device  110  may execute an app to configure the wall-plate system  102 . The app of the computing device  110  may request the user  106  to confirm which device transmitted the first identification signal. Accordingly, in response thereto, the user  106  may engage a user input component of a user interface of the wall-plate system  102  to verify the wall-plate system  102  is to be configured by the computing device  110 . The user  106  may engage a physical user input component of the wall-plate system such as, for example, a physically movable button (e.g., a push button) or a capacitive touch switch, or a capacitive touch switch that may be provided through a touch screen of the wall-plate system  102 . 
     At  308 , the wall-plate system  102  may transmit a second identification signal. The second identification signal may be transmitted wirelessly. The second identification signal may be a broadcast signal that may be received by any device within range to receive the second identification signal. The second identification signal may be transmitted automatically by the wall-plate system  102  in response to the user  106  engaging the user input component of the wall-plate system at  306 . 
     In various embodiments, the second identification signal may be the same signal as the first identification signal. In various embodiments, the second identification signal may indicate that the second identification signal is being transmitted in response to the user input received at  306 , may indicate that it is the device that transmitted the first identification signal, and/or may otherwise indicate that the wall-plate system  102  is ready to be configured. The second identification signal may be transmitted using any wireless communication technology. 
     In some embodiments, the second identification signal may comprise an association request or other similar packet that requests association with a network identified as a response to the first identification signal. The association request or other similar packet may include an identifier of the specific network with which the wall-plate system  102  requests to associate as well as an identifier for the wall-plate system  102 . In further embodiments, the second identification signal may involve negotiation of a security policy to establish authentication credentials for secure wireless links between the wall-plate system  102  and the computing device  110 , proprietary cloud  116 , third-party cloud  118 , local devices  112  and  114 , an access point for an area network such as a local area network (LAN), personal area network (PAN), peer-to-peer (P2P) network, and/or the like. 
     Note that negotiation of a security policy may involve generation of one or more keys such as group keys, pairwise keys, and/or the like, and may, in some embodiments, require knowledge of other keys such as a preshared key, username and password, certificate, one time password, token and/or the like. In some embodiments, MAC layer may add the preshared key, username and password, certificate, one time password, token and/or the like, in the frame body of the MSDU such as a management frame or the like. 
     At  310 , the wall-plate system  102  may receive a setup signal from, for example, the computing device  110 . Alternatively, as previously mentioned, the setup signal may come from any other provisioning platform such as the local device  112 , the cloud services platform, etc. In one alternate embodiment, for example, the setup signal came from a voice command received at, for example, a third party hub, the third party hub may then transmit the setup signal to the wall-plate system  102 . Thus arranged, the wall-plate system  102  can be fully configured using voice. In one embodiment, the wall-plate system  102  may be configured via a voice driven setup process without the need of an app or local smart phone. The setup signal may be received wirelessly by the wall-plate system  102 . The setup signal may include an identification of the computing device  110 —e.g., an identification of the provisioning platform that transmitted the setup signal and may include authentication credentials to access a network and to facilitate secure links between the wall-plate system and the computing device  110  and/or other devices on the network. The setup signal may include an identification of a wireless LAN such as an association response, beacon, or similar packet. 
     At  312 , the wall-plate system  102  may process the received setup signal. The wall-plate system  102  may process the setup signal to establish a communication link to the computing device  110 . In various embodiments, the communication link may be a direct communication link between the wall-plate system  102  and the computing device  110  such as a peer-to-peer (P2P) link, a personal area network link, or a Bluetooth link. In various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may process the received setup signal to communicatively couple the wall-plate system  102  to the LAN (e.g., join the LAN) such that the communication link involves communicating through the LAN. Processing the received setup signal may involve detection of the signal by a receiver of a wireless communications interface, decoding the signal field of a PHY header of a PPDU, demodulating and decoding the payload of the PPDU, including one or more MPDUs, and passing the MPDUs to the MAC layer in the baseband module for parsing and interpretation. Note that in some digital implementations of the PHY, one or more of the encoding/decoding and modulation/demodulation functions can be implemented in code executed in processor circuitry of the baseband module. Alternatively, for example, the wall-plate system  102  may process the received setup signal to communicatively couple the wall-plate system  102  whether that be, for example, Wi-Fi or a cloud services platform. 
     At  314 , the wall-plate system  102  may receive a configuration signal from the computing device  102 . The configuration signal may indicate a user instruction to assign to a user input component of the user interface of the wall-plate system  102 . The wall-plate system  102  may process the received configuration signal such that when the specified user input component of the wall-plate system  102  is engaged by the user  106 , the wall-plate system  102  is aware of what automation settings are desired by the user  102 . Accordingly, the wall-plate system  102  may transmit one or more instruction signals to one or more devices within the operating environment  100  to implement the automation settings specified by the user  102 . 
     In alternative embodiments, the setup signal may indicate identifiers for each of the user input components in the wall-plate system  102  or confirm receipt of identifiers for each of the user input components. The identifiers may comprise addresses or other identifiers for each of the input components to facilitate distinct identification of each of the user input components. For example, the identifiers may include one or more bits added or included with the address of the wall-plate system  102 . In other words, the combination of the address or identifier for the wall-plate system and a two-bit identifier for user input components may facilitate unique identifiers for each of four different user input components in the wall-plate system  102 . 
     The distinct identifications for each of the user input components may provide a second device such as a local controller, a proprietary cloud  116 , a third party cloud  118 , and/or the like, with a capability to associate functionality, or automated activity, with each of the user input components individually and/or in combination. The local controller may comprise another wall-plate system, a computing device, or any other device in the operating environment  100  and that has the capability to associate functionality with the user input components of the wall-plate system  102 . 
     In other embodiments, each user input component may have a unique identification known to the wall-plate system  102  and the wall-plate system  102  may communicate the unique identifiers for each of the user input components of the wall-plate system  102  to a second device such as a local controller, a proprietary cloud  116 , a third party cloud  118 , and/or the like to associate functionality with each of the user input components. 
     For embodiments in which a second device associates identifiers of each of the user input components with functionality, the wall-plate system  102  may respond to user input by transmitting the identifier for the user input component to the second device. The second device may, in response to receipt of a communication from the wall-plate system  102 , associate functionality such as instructions with the user input via the user input component and execute the functionality (automated activity) by, e.g., changing the brightness and/or color of lighting devices in a particular area about the wall-plate system  102  or in another area within the control of the wall-plate system  102 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a logic flow  400  associated with the smart wall-plate system  102 . The logic flow  400  may begin with block  402 . However, the logic flow  400  may begin with a different block other than the block  402 . Furthermore, the logic flow  400  is not illustrated in a particular order. A different order other than that illustrated may be used. Some or all of the communications and operations associated with the logic flow  400  may be embodied as one or more computer executable instructions. Such computer executable instructions may be stored in a storage medium, such the memory component  218  depicted in  FIG. 4 . A computing device, such as the processor circuit  216  depicted in  FIG. 4 , may execute the stored computer executable instructions. The logic flow  400  may represent operations performed by the wall-plate system  102  when operating within the operating environment  100  in relation to any of the other devices or components depicted in  FIG. 1 . 
     At  402 , the wall-plate system  102  may receive an input from the user  106 . The input may be received through a user interface of the wall-plate system  102 . The input may be an audible input (e.g., a voice command) or may be a physical input (e.g., the user may engage a push button or capacitive touch switch). 
     At  404 , the wall-plate system  102  may determine an instruction corresponding to the received input. In some embodiments, the instruction may involve transmission of an identifier for the received input to a second device such as a local device, local controller, a proprietary cloud, and/or a third party cloud at element  406 . In other embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may associate the instruction corresponding to the received input with an automation function, routine, action, activity, or control desired by the user  106 . In such embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may determine the instruction (or set of instructions) corresponding to implementing the desired automation activity. 
     At  406 , the wall-plate system  102  may generate a signal that, in some embodiments, indicates the received input via a user input component so that a second device can associate the received input with functionality or, in other embodiments, indicates the determined instruction or set of instructions. The signal may be a broadcast signal, or a signal directed to one or more devices of the operating environment  100 . Furthermore, the signal may comprise one or more MPDUs in a PPDU, a NDP MPDU in a PPDU, or a NDP PPDU that indicates, for example, an identifier for the wall-plate system  102  and an identifier for the user input component(s) activated by the user  106 . In some embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may also accept a combination of more than one received inputs via the same user input component, one or more sensors, and/or different user input components within a predefined period of time or as long as the inputs are not separated by more than a specified delay time period. For example, the wall-plate system  102  may accept as a single user input, a combination of multiples actuations of one or more user input components as long as the delay between actuations are no longer than, e.g., 10 milliseconds apart, 100 milliseconds apart, 1 second apart, or the like and such a delay may be customizable by setting a preference, slide switch, dip switch, and/or the like. In such embodiments, the actionable combinations of one or more user inputs and/or sensors may also be associated with unique identifiers. 
     To illustrate further, a first user input component of the wall-plate system  102  may function as a dimmer switch. The first user input component may comprise a capacitive touch switch. The longer that a user  106  touches the first user input component, the more activations that the wall-plate system  102  identifies with the received input. Thereafter, either the wall-plate system  102  or a second system may interpret the number of actuations of the first input component as increases or decreases in the level of brightness of one or more lighting devices associated with the wall-plate system  102 . 
     At  408 , the wall-plate system  102  may transmit the generated signal. The signal may be transmitted wirelessly using any wireless communication technology. In some embodiments, the signal may indicate the receive input to a second device so the second device may identify functionality associated with the received input and transmit corresponding instructions to one or more devices in the operating environment  100 . In other embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may transmit the signal to a device for execution of the determined instruction to implement the desired automation activity. In various embodiments, the signal may be transmitted to one or more devices. In various embodiments, one or more signals containing one or more instructions (e.g., a first signal indicating a first instruction, a second signal indicating a second instruction, etc.) may be transmitted to different devices by the second device in some embodiments or by the wall-plate system  102  in other embodiments. 
     The one or more signals transmitted by the wall-plate system  102  may be transmitted to any device or component depicted in  FIG. 1  including, for example, a local device, a remote device, a cloud services platform, a lighting device, a non-lighting device, an IoT device, a smart device, and/or a home service hub. The one or more signals transmitted by the wall-plate system  102  may be transmitted directly to an intended device or indirectly (e.g., through a wireless network, a home services hub, a cloud services platform, etc.). 
     In various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may include a mounting bracket and a wall-plate cover (or wall-plate for simplicity). In other embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may only include a wall plate. The wall-plate may be positioned around the in-wall device  104  and may have an opening to accommodate, for example, a protruding switch of a load control device, a power receptacle, a cable outlet, a phone line outlet, a data outlet, and audio outlet, a universal serial bus (USB) charger, and/or the like. The wall-plate system  102  may be sized and configured with a single opening for surrounding a single in-wall device  104 , a multiple opening for surrounding two or more in-wall devices  104 , or any number of ganged devices such as: single gang, dual gang, three-gang, four-gang, five-gang, etc. For example, the wall-plate system  102  may be sized and configured for a four-gang switch bank of four (4) light switches. In use, the wall plate may be any wall plate as conventionally known or hereafter developed and the wall-plate system  102  may fit around any standard opening size such as, for example, as set by NEMA (the National Electrical Manufacturers Association) and may include a Decora-style opening, a toggle-style opening, etc. As such, and as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the present disclosure should not be limited to any particular type of wall-plate unless specifically claimed. 
     In various embodiments, the mounting bracket may be placed into position using a variety of mechanisms including, for example, mounting screws. In various embodiments, the wall plate may snap onto the mounting bracket or an in-wall device  104 , or otherwise attached with the mounting bracket or an in-wall device  104  with or without the use of screws. In various embodiments, the wall plate may be screwed into the mounting bracket or an in-wall device  104 . In various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may include a cover that may be attached to a wall using a variety of mechanisms including, for example, an adhesive. 
     The surface of the wall-plate (e.g., an outer exposed portion of the wall-plate system  102 ) may provide a dynamic control surface for triggering activities to be performed by any type of device such as, for example, a smart device, an IoT device, a lighting device, etc., as described herein. The surface of the wall-plate may provide the user interface for the wall-plate system  102 . The components of the wall-plate system  102  may be distributed in any manner between the mounting bracket and the wall-plate of the wall-plate system  102 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an embodiment of the wall-plate system  102 . As shown, the wall-plate system  102  may include a wall-plate  502  and a mounting bracket  504 . The mounting bracket  504  may include a first opening  506  to accommodate a first mounting screw and a second opening  508  to accommodate a second mounting screw, enabling the mounting bracket to be attached to a wall or an electrical junction box. The mounting bracket  504  may include an opening  510  to accommodate or provide access to an in-wall device  104  such as, for example, a load control device, a power receptacle, a cable outlet, a phone line outlet, a data outlet, and audio outlet, a universal serial bus (USB) charger, and/or the like. In various embodiments, the mounting bracket  504  may be screwed into a strap of the in-wall device  104  (e.g., into the strap of a switch or dimmer). As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the smart wall-plate system  102  may be arranged and configured to receive a user interface. In use, the user interface may be any now known or hereafter developed user interface such as, for example, a dimmer switch, a toggle switch, a paddle switch, a push-button, a capacitive touch switch, a touchscreen, etc. As such, the opening formed in the smart wall-plate system  102  may be appropriate sized and configured. 
     The wall plate  502  may be attached to the mounting bracket  504  in a variety of manners. In an embodiment, the wall-plate  502  may snap onto the mounting bracket  504 . The wall-plate  502  may also include an opening  512  to accommodate or provide access to the in-wall device  104  such that the wall plate  502  fits around the in-wall device  104 . The wall plate  502  may be provided in a variety of shapes, sizes, and form factors and may accommodate any type of in-wall device (e.g., any type of load control device like a switch or dimmer control including one or more switch or dimmer controls, any type of outlet or receptacle, and/or a combination thereof). In other embodiments, the wall plate may comprise a blank plate (no opening for an in-wall device  104 ) to cover a junction box and/or other wall opening. The wall-plate  502  may also be provided in a variety of color and/or finish options. 
     In various embodiments, the components of the wall-plate system  102  depicted in  FIG. 2  may be distributed between the wall-plate  502  and the mounting bracket  504  in any manner. In various embodiments, all of the components of the wall-plate system  102  depicted in  FIG. 2  may be provided on the wall plate  502 . In various embodiments, the surface of the wall plate  502  may include one or more user input components including, for example, one or more physical buttons and/or one or more areas for capacitive touch switches, proximity sensors, and/or the like. In various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may include a power regulator and/or may include an electrical connection between the wall plate  502  and the mounting bracket  504 . In various embodiments, the wall-plate system  102  may not include a power regulator and/or may not include an electrical connection between the wall plate  502  and the mounting bracket  504 . 
       FIGS. 6A and 6B  illustrate embodiments of a smart wall-plate system  602  and  608 . The smart wall-plate systems  602  and  608  may represent the smart wall-plate system  102  as depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 2  and/or the smart wall-plate system  502  depicted in  FIG. 5 .  FIGS. 6A and 6B  illustrates physical components and features of the smart wall-plate systems  602  and  608 , respectively.  FIGS. 6A and 6B  illustrate exemplary form factors of the smart wall-plate systems  602  and  608 , respectively. The smart wall-plate systems  602  and  608  are not limited to the form factors shown in  FIGS. 6A and 6B , respectively, as the arrangement of the constituent components of the smart wall-plate systems  602  and  608  may be varied in size, shape, and position as will be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6A , the smart wall-plate system  602  may include a wall-plate cover  604  with an opening  606  and a user input component  610 . The wall-plate cover  604  may fit over and/or attach to a mounting bracket of the smart wall-plate system  602  (not shown in  FIG. 6A  for simplicity) or directly to an in-wall device or an electrical junction box within which an in-wall device is mounted. The opening  606  may allow the wall plate  604  to fit over an in-wall device (e.g., any type of load control device like a switch or dimmer control including one or more switch or dimmer controls, any type of outlet or receptacle, and/or a combination thereof). The user interface component  610  may be a component of a user interface of the smart wall-plate system  602 . The user interface component  610  may be any now known or hereafter developed user interface component such as, for example, a toggle switch, a push button, a capacitive touch switch, a paddle switch, proximity sensor, or the like. In some embodiments, the user interface component  610  comprises a pad, target, opening, or the like for a toggle switch, a push button, a capacitive touch switch, a paddle switch, proximity sensor, or the like. When a user engages the user interface component  610 , an automated function, routine, or activity as described herein may be implemented by the wall-plate system  102  or by a combination of the wall-plate system  102  and a second device such as a, local device, a local controller, or a remote device such as a proprietary cloud  116  or a third-party cloud  118 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6B , the smart wall-plate system  608  may include a wall-plate cover  612  with a first opening  614  and a second opening  616 , a first user input component  618 , and a second user input component  620 . As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the smart wall-plate system  608  may include any now known or hereafter developed wall-plate cover  612  such as, for example, a paddle switch, a toggle style, etc. The wall-plate cover  612  may fit over and/or attach to a mounting bracket of the smart wall-plate system  608  (not shown in  FIG. 6B  for simplicity) or directly to an in-wall device or one or more electrical junction boxes. The first opening  614  may allow the wall-plate cover  608  to fit over a first in-wall device (e.g., a load control device or outlet such as a first switch) and the second opening  616  may allow the wall-plate cover  608  to fit over a second in-wall device (e.g., a second load control or outlet such as a second switch), such that the first and second switches may be two distinct switches or part of the same ganged or combined switch). Note also that each in-wall device  104  may include one or more switches, outlets, or other. 
     The first and second user interface components  618  and  620  may be components of a user interface of the smart wall-plate system  608 . The first and second user interface components  618  and  620  may each be a push button. When a user engages the first user interface component  618 , a first automated routine or activity as described herein may be implemented while when the user engages the second user interface component  620 , a second automated routine or activity as described herein may be implemented by the wall-plate system  104  directly or via a second device such as a local controller, a local device, a cloud, and/or the like. 
       FIGS. 7A and 7B  illustrate embodiments of a smart wall-plate system  702  and  710 . The smart wall-plate systems  702  and  710  may represent the smart wall-plate system  102  as depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 2  and/or the smart wall-plate system  502  depicted in  FIG. 5 .  FIGS. 7A and 7B  illustrates physical components and features of the smart wall-plate systems  702  and  710 , respectively.  FIGS. 7A and 7B  illustrate exemplary form factors of the smart wall-plate systems  702  and  710 , respectively. The smart wall-plate systems  702  and  710  are not limited to the form factors shown in  FIGS. 7A and 7B , respectively, as the arrangement of the constituent components of the smart wall-plate systems  702  and  710  may be varied in size, shape, and position as will be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art. The smart wall-plate systems  702  and  710  may be an alternative design of either of the wall-plate systems  602  and  608  and may include substantially the same components and capabilities—as such, a detailed discussion of the constituent components of the smart wall-plate systems  702  and  710  is not provided herein but is instead made in reference to similar components described in relation to  FIGS. 6A and 6B . 
     As shown in  FIG. 7A , the smart wall-plate system  702  may include a wall-plate cover  704 , an opening  706 , and a user input component  708 . The wall-plate cover  704  may fit over and/or attach to a mounting bracket of the smart wall-plate system  702  (not shown in  FIG. 7A  for simplicity). The opening  706  may allow the wall-plate cover  704  to fit over an in-wall device (e.g., a load control device (e.g., a switch)) that is larger than the in-wall device that may fit through the opening  606  as shown in  FIG. 6A . The user interface component  708  may be a component of a user interface of the smart wall-plate system  702 . The user interface component  708  may be any now known or hereafter developed user interface component such as, for example, a toggle switch, a push button, a capacitive touch switch, a paddle switch, a proximity sensor, or the like. In some embodiments, the user interface component  708  comprises a pad, target, opening, or the like for a toggle switch, a push button, a capacitive touch switch, a paddle switch, a proximity sensor, or the like. When a user engages the user interface component  708 , an automated routine or activity as described herein may be implemented. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the smart wall-plate system  702  may include any now known or hereafter developed wall plate  704  such as, for example, a paddle switch, a toggle style, etc. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7B , the smart wall-plate system  710  may include a wall-plate cover  712 , a first opening  714 , a second opening  716 , a first user input component  718 , and a second user input component  720 . The wall-plate  712  may fit over and/or attach to a mounting bracket of the smart wall-plate system  710  (not shown in  FIG. 7B  for simplicity). The first opening  714  may allow the wall-plate  710  to fit over a first in-wall device such as a first switch or outlet and the second opening  716  may allow the wall-plate cover  710  to fit over a second in-wall device such as a second switch or outlet, such that the first and second switches or outlets are part of the same ganged in-wall device or a combined in-wall device, with the first and second in-wall devices having smaller, accessible actuators or device to access than those that may fit within the openings  614  and  616  of  FIG. 6B . The first and second user interface components  718  and  720  may be components of a user interface of the smart wall-plate system  710 . The first and second user interface components  718  and  720  may each be a push button or a target or pad for a capacitive switch or a capacitive proximity sensor. When a user engages the first user interface component  718 , a first automated routine or activity as described herein may be implemented while when the user engages the second user interface component  720 , a second automated routine or activity as described herein may be implemented. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates an embodiment of a smart wall-plate system  802 . The smart wall-plate systems  802  may represent the smart wall-plate system  102  as depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 2  and/or the smart wall-plate system  502  depicted in  FIG. 5 .  FIG. 8  illustrates physical components and features of the smart wall-plate system  802 .  FIG. 8  illustrates an exemplary form factor of the smart wall-plate system  802 . The smart wall-plate system  802  is not limited to the form factor shown in  FIG. 8 , as the arrangement of the constituent components of the smart wall-plate system  802  may be varied in size, shape, and position as will be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art. The smart wall-plate system  802  may be an alternative design of either of the wall-plate systems  602 ,  608 ,  702 , and  710  and may include substantially the same components and capabilities—as such, a detailed discussion of the constituent components of the smart wall-plate systems  802  is not provided herein but is instead made in reference to similar components described in relation to  FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B . 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , the smart wall-plate system  802  may include a wall plate  804  with an opening  806 , a first user interface component  808 , a second user interface component  810 , a third user interface component  812 , and a fourth user interface component  814 . The wall-plate cover  804  may fit over and/or attach to a mounting bracket of the smart wall-plate system  802  (not shown in  FIG. 8  for simplicity), an in-wall device  104 , and/or an electrical junction box for an in-wall device  104 . The opening  806  may allow the wall plate  804  to fit over an in-wall device (e.g., any type of load control device like a switch or dimmer control including one or more switch or dimmer controls, any type of outlet or receptacle, and/or a combination thereof). The first, second, third, and fourth user interface components  808 ,  810 ,  812 , and  814  may be components of a user interface of the smart wall-plate system  802 . The first, second, third, and fourth user interface components  808 ,  810 ,  812 , and  814  may each be a target, a pad, or an opening for a capacitive touch switch, a push button, or other switch like a breaker. When a user engages the first user interface component  808 , a first automated routine or activity as described herein may be implemented. When a user engages the second user interface component  810 , a second automated routine or activity as described herein may be implemented. When a user engages the third user interface component  812 , a third automated routine or activity as described herein may be implemented. When a user engages the first user interface component  814 , a fourth automated routine or activity as described herein may be implemented. 
       FIG. 9  depicts an embodiment of an apparatus such as the wireless communications interfaces  108  and  204  to generate, transmit, receive, and interpret or decode PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) and MAC protocol data units (MPDUs). The apparatus comprises a baseband module  901 , a transceiver  900  coupled with the baseband module  901 , and an antenna array  918  couple with the transmitter front end module (TX FEM)  940  and coupled with the receiver front end module (RX FEM)  950 . The baseband module  901  may include processing circuitry to perform various wireless protocols in accordance with a standard and/or specification such as the IEEE 802.11 standards. In many embodiments, the baseband module  901  includes a baseband processor to execute code to perform MAC layer functionality. The MAC logic circuitry and PHY logic circuitry may represent circuitry to execute code in the baseband processor  901  and/or another processor; in other circuitry to implement logical operations of functionality of the MAC layer or the PHY; or a combination of both. The MAC logic circuitry may generate a MAC frame such as a management frame as a MSDU and the PHY logic circuitry may generate the physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) by prepending the MAC frame or multiple MAC frames as MPDUs with a PHY preamble and a PHY header for transmission. 
     The transceiver  900  comprises a receiver  904  and a transmitter  906 . Embodiments have many different combinations of modules to process data because the configurations are deployment specific.  FIG. 3  illustrates some of the modules that are common to many embodiments. 
     Note that a wireless communications interface such as the wireless communications interface  108  in  FIG. 1  may comprise multiple transmitters to facilitate concurrent transmissions on multiple contiguous and/or non-contiguous carrier frequencies. 
     The transmitter  906  may comprise one or more of an encoder  908 , a stream deparser  966 , a frequency segment parser  907 , an interleaver  909 , a modulator  910 , a frequency segment deparser  960 , an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) module  912 , an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module  915 , a GI module  945 , and a transmitter front end  940 . The encoder  908  of transmitter  906  receives and encodes a data stream destined for transmission from the MAC logic circuitry with, e.g., a binary convolutional coding (BCC), a low-density parity check coding (LDPC), and/or the like. After coding, scrambling, puncturing and post-FEC (forward error correction) padding, a stream parser  964  may optionally divide the data bit streams at the output of the FEC encoder into groups of bits. The frequency segment parser  907  may receive data stream from encoder  908  or streams from the stream parser  964  and optionally parse each data stream into two or more frequency segments to build a contiguous or non-contiguous bandwidth based upon smaller bandwidth frequency segments. The interleaver  909  may interleave rows and columns of bits to prevent long sequences of adjacent noisy bits from entering a BCC decoder of a receiver. 
     The modulator  910  may receive the data stream from interleaver  909  and may impress the received data blocks onto a sinusoid of a selected frequency for each stream via, e.g., mapping the data blocks into a corresponding set of discrete amplitudes of the sinusoid, or a set of discrete phases of the sinusoid, or a set of discrete frequency shifts relative to the frequency of the sinusoid. In some embodiments, the output of modulator  910  may optionally be fed into the frequency segment deparser  960  to combine frequency segments in a single, contiguous frequency bandwidth. Other embodiments may continue to process the frequency segments as separate data streams for, e.g. a non-contiguous bandwidth transmission. 
     After the modulator  910 , the data stream(s) are fed to an OFDM  912 . The OFDM  912  may comprise a space-time block coding (STBC) module  911 , and a digital beamforming (DBF) module  914 . The STBC module  911  may receive constellation points from the modulator  910  corresponding to one or more spatial streams and may spread the spatial streams to a greater number of space-time streams. Further embodiments may omit the STBC. 
     The OFDM module  912  impresses or maps the modulated data formed as OFDM symbols onto a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers so the OFDM symbols are encoded with the subcarriers or tones. The OFDM symbols may be fed to the DBF module  914 . Generally, digital beam forming uses digital signal processing algorithms that operate on the signals received by, and transmitted from, an array of antenna elements. Transmit beamforming processes the channel state to compute a steering matrix that is applied to the transmitted signal to optimize reception at one or more receivers. This is achieved by combining elements in a phased antenna array in such a way that signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. 
     The IFFT module  915  may perform an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the OFDM symbols to map on the subcarriers. The guard interval (GI) module  945  may insert guard intervals by prepending to the symbol a circular extension of itself. The GI module  945  may also comprise windowing to optionally smooth the edges of each symbol to increase spectral decay. 
     The output of the GI module  945  may enter the transmitter front end module (TX FEM)  940 . The transmitter front end  940  may comprise a radio  942  with a power amplifier (PA)  944  to amplify the signal and prepare the signal for transmission via the antenna array  918 . In many embodiments, entrance into a spatial reuse mode by a communications device such as a station or AP may reduce the amplification by the PA  944  to reduce channel interference caused by transmissions. 
     The transceiver  900  may also comprise duplexers  916  connected to antenna array  918 . The antenna array  918  radiates the information bearing signals into a time-varying, spatial distribution of electromagnetic energy that can be received by an antenna of a receiver. In several embodiments, the receiver  904  and the transmitter  906  may each comprise its own antenna(s) or antenna array(s). 
     The transceiver  900  may comprise a receiver  904  for receiving, demodulating, and decoding information bearing communication signals. The receiver  904  may comprise a receiver front-end module (RX FEM)  950  to detect the signal, detect the start of the packet, remove the carrier frequency, and amplify the subcarriers via a radio  952  with a low noise amplifier (LNA)  954 . 
     The receiver  904  may comprise a GI module  955  and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module  919 . The GI module  955  may remove the guard intervals and the windowing and the FFT module  919  may transform the communication signals from the time domain to the frequency domain. 
     The receiver  904  may also comprise an OFDM  922 , a frequency segment parser  962 , a demodulator  924 , a deinterleaver  925 , a frequency segment deparser  927 , a stream deparser  966 , and a decoder  926 . An equalizer may output the weighted data signals for the OFDM packet to the OFDM  922 . The OFDM  922  extracts signal information as OFDM symbols from the plurality of subcarriers onto which information-bearing communication signals are modulated. 
     The OFDM  922  may comprise a DBF module  920 , and an STBC module  921 . The received signals are fed from the equalizer to the DBF module  920 . The DBF module  920  may comprise algorithms to process the received signals as a directional transmission directed toward to the receiver  904 . And the STBC module  921  may transform the data streams from the space-time streams to spatial streams. 
     The output of the STBC module  921  may enter a frequency segment parser  962  if the communication signal is received as a single, contiguous bandwidth signal to parse the signal into, e.g., two or more frequency segments for demodulation and deinterleaving. 
     The demodulator  924  demodulates the spatial streams. Demodulation is the process of extracting data from the spatial streams to produce demodulated spatial streams. The deinterleaver  925  may deinterleave the sequence of bits of information. The frequency segment deparser  927  may optionally deparse frequency segments as received if received as separate frequency segment signals or may deparse the frequency segments determined by the optional frequency segment parser  962 . The decoder  926  decodes the data from the demodulator  924  and transmits the decoded information, the MPDU, to the MAC logic circuitry of the baseband module  901 . 
     The MAC logic circuitry may parse the MPDU based upon a format defined in the communications device for a frame to determine the particular type of frame by determining the type value and the subtype value. The MAC logic circuitry may then interpret the remainder of MPDU. 
     While the description of  FIG. 9  focuses on a single spatial stream system for simplicity, some embodiments are capable of multiple spatial stream transmissions and use parallel data processing paths for multiple spatial streams from the PHY logic circuitry through to transmission. Further embodiments may include the use of multiple encoders to afford implementation flexibility. 
       FIGS. 10-11  depict embodiments of flowcharts  1000  and  1100  to transmit communications with a MAC frame. Referring to  FIG. 10 , the flowchart  1000  may begin with a wireless communications interface of a communications device such as the wall-plate system  102  in  FIG. 1 , generating an 802.11 preamble and PHY header for transmission on a channel (element  1010 ) such as a high-efficiency preamble or the legacy 802.11 preamble. The legacy 802.11 preambles may include, for instance, 802.11a preambles, 802.11n preambles, 802.11ac preambles, and/or other older standard preambles. 
     For example, a MAC layer logic circuitry of the wireless communications interface may generate a MAC frame in response to a user input via a user input component coupled with the wall-plate system  102  to transmit to one or more other devices of a network. The MAC frame may include a MAC header, a frame body, and a frame check sequence (FCS). The frame header may include, e.g., a basic service set identifier (BSSID) to identify an access point of a local area network or a PCP of a PBSS area network and a source address to identify the wall-plate system  102  as the source of the communications. In some embodiments, the frame header may include additional addresses to, e.g., relay the MAC frame through a relay station. 
     The frame body of the MAC frame may include an indication of the user input received by the wall-plate system  102 . The indication may comprise an audio file, a code, and instruction, an identifier for the user input component through which the wall-plate system  102  received the user input, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, for instance, the frame body may indicate multiple successive user inputs via the same or different user input components. 
     The MAC layer logic circuitry may pass the MAC frame as a MAC protocol data unit (MPDU) to a PHY logic circuitry of the wireless communications interface. The PHY logic circuitry may transform or convert the data into a packet of, e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols that can be transmitted to another device communicatively coupled with the area network after transmission of a PHY preamble and header. 
     The wireless communications interface may transmit a MPDU as a payload of a PHY frame, or PHY protocol data unit (PPDU) (element  1020 ). For example, a PHY device of the wireless communications interface may pass OFDM symbols to a radio to transmit the PPDU on one or more subcarriers of a carrier frequency via and antenna array. 
     Referring to  FIG. 11 , the flowchart  1100  begins with receipt of a wireless communication signal such as a setup signal from a device such as a local controller or a computing device  110 . A receiver of wireless communications interface such as the receiver  904  in  FIG. 9  may receive the wireless communication signal via one or more antenna(s) such as an antenna element of antenna array  918  (element  1110 ). The receiver may convert the communication signal into an MPDU in accordance with the process described in the preamble (element  1115 ). More specifically, the received signal is fed from the one or more antennas to a an OFDM module such as the OFDM module  922 . The OFDM module extracts signal information from the plurality of subcarriers onto which information-bearing signals are modulated. Then, the demodulator such as the demodulator  924  demodulates the signal information via, e.g., BPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, QPSK, or SQPSK. And the decoder such as the decoder  926  decodes the signal information from the demodulator via, e.g., BCC or LDPC, to extract the MPDU (element  1115 ) and passes the MPDU to MAC sublayer logic such as MAC sublayer logic in the baseband module  901  (element  1120 ). 
     The MAC sublayer logic may parse the MPDU to determine MAC frame field values from the MPDU (element  1125 ) such as the MAC frame header  1060  fields like a protocol version field to verify compatibility, a frame type field and frame subtype field to determine the specific MAC frame format of the MPDU, the MAC frame body to obtain setup data such as authentication credentials (e.g., username and password) for the area network, and a frame check sequence (FCS) to verify the integrity of the MPDU as received. 
     While certain embodiments of the disclosure have been described herein, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.