Patent Publication Number: US-2023156736-A1

Title: Multiple pdsch/pusch transmission scheduling with repetition

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Some aspects of data communication between a user equipment (UE) device (hereinafter “UE) and a base station (BS) (e.g., a gNB, a node of a serving cell, a network node, an eNB, and so on) are configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling. Other aspects of data communication are dynamically configured by control information carried by the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), respectively. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Some examples of circuits, apparatuses and/or methods will be described in the following by way of example only. In this context, reference will be made to the accompanying figures. 
         FIG.  1    is a flow diagram outlining an example of PDSCH/PUSCH configuration using RRC signaling and PUCCH/PDCCH. 
         FIG.  2 A  illustrates an exemplary time domain resource allocation table for downlink reception that includes a column for a number of repetitions and an outline of multiple PDSCH receptions that result from configuration according to a selected row of the table, in accordance with various aspects described. 
         FIG.  2 B  illustrates an exemplary time domain resource allocation table for uplink transmission that includes a column for a number of repetitions, in accordance with various aspects described. 
         FIG.  2 C  illustrates an exemplary Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) that enables simultaneous multi-PDSCH/PUSCH transmission scheduling with repetition as illustrated in  FIGS.  2 A and  2 B . 
         FIG.  3 A  illustrates an exemplary time domain resource allocation table for downlink reception that individually configures repetition for PDSCH; and an outline of multiple PDSCH receptions that result from configuration according to a selected row of the table, in accordance with various aspects described. 
         FIG.  3 B  illustrates an exemplary time domain resource allocation table for uplink transmission, in accordance with various aspects described. 
         FIG.  3 C  illustrates an exemplary Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) that enables simultaneous multi-PDSCH/PUSCH transmission scheduling with repetition as illustrated in  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B . 
         FIG.  4    is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary UE method for performing multi-PDSCH/PUSCH transmission with repetition, according to various aspects disclosed. 
         FIG.  5    is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary BS method for performing multi-PDSCH/PUSCH transmission with repetition, according to various aspects disclosed. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates an example communication network, in accordance with various aspects disclosed. 
         FIG.  7    illustrates an example of an infrastructure equipment device (e.g., BS, eNB, gNB), in accordance with various aspects disclosed. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates an example of a user equipment device (e.g., UE), in accordance with various aspects disclosed. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present disclosure is described with reference to the attached figures. The figures are not drawn to scale and they are provided merely to illustrate the disclosure. Several aspects of the disclosure are described below with reference to example applications for illustration. Numerous specific details, relationships, and methods are set forth to provide an understanding of the disclosure. The present disclosure is not limited by the illustrated ordering of acts or events, as some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts or events. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts or events are required to implement a methodology in accordance with the selected present disclosure. 
       FIG.  1    is a message flow diagram that provides an overview of a configuration process  100  that sets up data transfer between an UE and a BS in an exemplary context. When the UE first connects to the radio access network (RAN) or seeks to re-enter an RRC CONNECTED state, the UE transmits an RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message at  110 . At  120  the UE receives, in response, an RRC CONNECTION SETUP message that includes RRC parameters defining many aspects of the UE&#39;s communication with the BS. For example, the RRC parameters may include uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) time domain resource allocation (TDRA) tables that define several TDRA configuration options for UL and DL communication, respectively. The term “table” is used here conceptually, to describe any ordered manner of representing or communicating sets of parameter values. In the table representation, each parameter corresponds to a “column” and each set of parameter values are arranged in a “row” identified by a unique index value. 
     When the network has data to transmit to the UE, at  130  the BS transmits downlink control information (DCI) to the UE by way of the PDCCH. The DCI includes a DL TDRA Field Index that selects one of the DL TDRA configuration options (e.g., a row) from the DL TDRA table. The UE reads the DL TDRA table to identify the selected TDRA configuration and determine which PDSCH resources the UE should use to receive data from the BS. AT  140 , the UE receives the data on the PDSCH resources identified by the TDRA configuration. 
     When the UE has data to transmit to the network, the UE may employ a random access channel (RACH) process to synchronize with the BS for communication and communicate a scheduling request. At  160  the BS transmits downlink control information (DCI) and PUSCH allocation to the UE by way of the PDCCH. The DCI includes an UL TDRA Field Index that selects one of the UL TDRA configuration options (e.g., a row) from the UL TDRA table. The UE reads the UL TDRA table to identify the selected TDRA configuration and determine which PUSCH resources the UE should use to transmit data to the BS. AT  170 , the UE transmits the data on the PUSCH resources identified by the TDRA configuration. 
     The TDRA configuration options provide communication opportunities in variety of circumstances. For example, some TDRA configurations define multiple PDSCH/PUSCH allocations in a single configuration (e.g., row). Such “multi-PDSCH/PUSCH” configurations allow for several PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions to be allocated with a single PDCCH/PUCCH message, reducing the number of PDCCH/PUCCH messages that are exchanged when a relatively large amount of data is being transferred. This may be beneficial, for example, in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., New Radio Unlicensed NR-U) when a listen-before-talk (LBT) process is performed to confirm a clear channel prior to each PDCCH/PUCCH message. 
     Other TDRA configuration options include a number of repetitions for a given PDSCH/PUSCH transmission. In one example, the PDSCH/PUSCH is re-transmitted, in contiguous time resources, for the specified number of repetitions. These TDRA configurations may be beneficial in ultra-reliability low-latency communication (ULLRC) in which repeated transmission of the same data increases the likelihood of its successful reception. 
     While in 3GPP Release 16, multi-PDSCH/PUSCH TDRA configurations and also separate TDRA configurations that specify a number of repetitions is provided as captured in 3GPP TS 38.331 version 16.1, there is no mechanism for simultaneous allocation of time domain resources to support both multiple PDSCH/PUSCH transmission and repetitions per PDSCH/PUSCH transmission. Described herein are techniques for allocating time domain resources for multi-PDSCH/PUSCH transmission with repetition for each scheduled PDSCH or PUSCH transmission the multi-PDSCH/PUSCH. 
       FIG.  2 A  illustrates an exemplary DL TDRA table  200  that includes a row for each of multiple TDRA configurations (while only two rows are shown, many more will likely be present). Each row has a unique TDRA field index value that is used to select the TDRA configuration defined in the row. K0 is a latency-based parameter that defines a number of symbols to occur between a last symbol of a PDCCH and a first symbol of a PDSCH transmission that is scheduled by the PDCCH. A repetition number defines a number of times each PDSCH transmission is to be repeated. In one example, the repetitions of the PDSCH transmission occur in contiguous time resources. 
     The TDRA configurations List includes N columns, where N is the maximum number of PDSCH transmissions that can be scheduled by a single PDCCH. Each cell of the TDRA configurations List indicates a mappingType and startSymbolandLength (SLIV). The mapping type, which in one example can be either TypeA or TypeB, defines, for example, a location of demodulation reference signals (DMRS) within the PDSCH. The SLIV defines a starting symbol and length in symbols of the PDSCH. The number of PDSCH transmissions scheduled by a given TDRA configuration is signaled by the number of valid SLIVs in the row. For example, according to the DL TDRA table  200  two PDSCH transmissions are scheduled by each DCI that identifies TDRA field index 0. 
     An exemplary time resource allocation  250  is illustrated in  FIG.  2 A  in which the following parameter values were assigned by RRC signaling: K 0   0 =0, R 0 =4, Type 0   0 =Type 0   1 =TypeB, SLIV 0   0 =7, SLIV 0   1 =4. It can be seen that transmission of PDSCH(0) begins immediately after the last symbol of the PDCCH that included the DCI specifying TDRA field index 0 due to K 0   0  being set to 0. Time domain resources are allocated for two PDSCH transmissions (PDSCH0 and PDSCH1) using a single DCI format. 6 symbols are allocated for each PDSCH(0) transmission and 4 symbols are allocated for each PDSCH(1) transmission. In addition, the PDSCH(0) and PDSCH(1) are both repeated 4 times in contiguous time domain resources. This is because the “row level” repetition value R 0  is set to 4, meaning that this repetition number applies to all the PDSCH(0) and PDSCH(1) that are scheduled by the row indicated by the corresponding field in the DCI format. 
       FIG.  2 B  illustrates an exemplary UL TDRA table  280  that supports allocation of multiple PUSCH transmissions with a single PDCCH and also repetition of each scheduled PUSCH transmission. The parameters in the UL TDRA table  280  are analogous to those of the DL TDRA table  200  and the description will not be repeated here. It is noted that K2 is a latency-based parameter that defines a number of symbols to occur between a last symbol of a PDCCH and a first symbol of a PUSCH transmission that is scheduled by the PDCCH. It can be seen that in the multi-PDSCH/PUSCH transmission with repetition configuration technique outlined in  FIGS.  2 A and  2 B  the same repetition number is applied to all PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions scheduled by a row. 
       FIG.  2 C  is an ASN.1 listing that configures multi-PDSCH/PUSCH transmission with repetition as illustrated in  FIGS.  2 A and  2 B . The PDSCH-TimeDomanResourceAllocationList corresponds to the DL TDRA Table and includes a number of rows. Each row corresponds to a PDSCH-TimeDomainAllocationCombination. Each PDSCH-TimeDomainAllocationCombination includes a value for K0 and R (repetition number) as well as a sequence of PDSCH-TimeDomainAllocationAllocation (each corresponding to a separate PDSCH scheduling of possibly multiple PDSCH transmissions scheduled in the row (e.g., a single cell of the DL TDRA table). The UL TDRA table is also configured in the ASN.1 in a similar manner. It can be seen that the numberofRepetitions parameter is configured on a “per row” basis and as such will be applied to each PDSCH/PUSCH transmission scheduled in a row, as illustrated in  FIGS.  2 A and  2 B . 
       FIG.  3 A  illustrates an exemplary DL TDRA table  300  in which a different number of repetitions may be configured for different PDSCH transmissions scheduled by the same TDRA configuration (e.g., a single row). Each row has a unique TDRA field index value that is used to select the TDRA configuration defined in the row. K0 is a latency-based parameter that defines a number of symbols to occur between a last symbol of a PDCCH and a first symbol of a PDSCH transmission that is scheduled by the PDCCH. 
     The TDRA configurations List includes N columns, where N is the maximum number of PDSCH transmissions that can be scheduled by a single PDCCH. Each cell of the TDRA configurations List indicates a mappingType, SLIV, and repetition number R. The mapping type, which in one example can be either TypeA or TypeB, defines, for example, a location of demodulation reference signals (DMRS) within the PDSCH. The SLIV defines a starting symbol and length in symbols of the PDSCH. The number of PDSCH transmissions scheduled by a given TDRA configuration is signaled by the number of valid SLIVs in the row. For example, according to the DL TDRA table  300  two PDSCH transmissions are scheduled by each DCI that identifies TDRA field index 0. The repetition number defines the number of repetitions of the PDSCH transmissions scheduled by the particular cell of the TDRA table. 
     An exemplary time resource allocation  350  is illustrated in  FIG.  3 A  in which the following parameter values were assigned by RRC signaling: K 0   0 =0, R 0   0 =3, R 0   1 =4, Type 0   0 =Type 0   1 =TypeB, SLIV 0   0 =7, SLIV 0   1 =4. It can be seen that transmission of PDSCH(0) begins immediately after the last symbol of the PDCCH that included the DCI specifying TDRA field index 0 due to K 0   0  being set to 0. Resources are allocated for two PDSCH transmissions (PDSCH(0) and PDSCH (1)) with 6 symbols allocated for each PDSCH(0) and 4 symbols allocated for each PDSCH(1). PDSCH(0) is repeated 3 times in contiguous time domain resources because the “cell level” repetition value R 0   0  is set to 3. PDSCH(1) is repeated 4 times in contiguous time domain resources because the “cell level” repetition value R 0   1  is set to 4. 
       FIG.  3 B  illustrates an exemplary UL TDRA table  380  that supports allocation of multiple PUSCH transmissions with a single PUCCH and also repetition of each PUSCH transmission. The parameters in the UL TDRA table  380  are analogous to those of the DL TDRA table  300  and the description will not be repeated here. It is noted that K2 is a latency-based parameter that defines a number of symbols to occur between a last symbol of a PUCCH and a first symbol of a PUSCH that is scheduled by the PUCCH. It can be seen that in the multi-PDSCH/PUSCH transmission with repetition configuration technique outlined in  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B  a different repetition number may be applied to individual PDSCH/PUSCH transmission scheduled by a row. 
       FIG.  3 C  is an ASN.1 listing that configures multi-PDSCH/PUSCH transmission with repetition as illustrated in  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B . The PDSCH-TimeDomanResourceAllocationList corresponds to the DL TDRA Table and includes a number of rows. Each row corresponds to a PDSCH-TimeDomainAllocationCombination. Each PDSCH-TimeDomainAllocationCombination includes a value for K0 as well as a sequence of PDSCH-TimeDomainAllocationAllocation (each corresponding to a separate PDSCH scheduling of possibly multiple PDSCH transmissions scheduled in the row (e.g., a single cell of the DL TDRA table). Each TimeDomainAllocationAllocation includes its own numberofRepetitions. The UL TDRA table is also configured in the ASN.1 in a similar manner. It can be seen that the numberofRepetitions parameter is configured on a “per cell” basis and as such different numbers of repetitions can be applied to each PDSCH scheduled in a row, as illustrated in  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B . 
     Following are several flow diagrams outlining example methods. In this description and the appended claims, use of the term “determine” with reference to some entity (e.g., parameter, variable, and so on) in describing a method step or function is to be construed broadly. For example, “determine” is to be construed to encompass, for example, receiving and parsing a communication that encodes the entity or a value of an entity. “Determine” should be construed to encompass accessing and reading memory (e.g., lookup table, register, device memory, remote memory, and so on) that stores the entity or value for the entity. “Determine” should be construed to encompass computing or deriving the entity or value of the entity based on other quantities or entities. “Determine” should be construed to encompass any manner of deducing or identifying an entity or value of the entity. 
     As used herein, the term identify when used with reference to some entity or value of an entity is to be construed broadly as encompassing any manner of determining the entity or value of the entity. For example, the term identify is to be construed to encompass, for example, receiving and parsing a communication that encodes the entity or a value of the entity. The term identify should be construed to encompass accessing and reading memory (e.g., device queue, lookup table, register, device memory, remote memory, and so on) that stores the entity or value for the entity. 
     As used herein, the term select when used with reference to some entity or value of an entity is to be construed broadly as encompassing any manner of determining the entity or value of the entity from amongst a plurality or range of possible choices. For example, the term select is to be construed to encompass accessing and reading memory (e.g., lookup table, register, device memory, remote memory, and so on) that stores the entities or values for the entity and returning one entity or entity value from amongst those stored. The term select is to be construed as applying one or more constraints or rules to an input set of parameters to determine an appropriate entity or entity value. The term select is to be construed as broadly encompassing any manner of choosing an entity based on one or more parameters or conditions. 
     As used herein, the term derive when used with reference to some entity or value of an entity is to be construed broadly. “Derive” should be construed to encompass accessing and reading memory (e.g., lookup table, register, device memory, remote memory, and so on) that stores some initial value or foundational values and performing processing and/or logical/mathematical operations on the value or values to generate the derived entity or value for the entity. “Derive” should be construed to encompass computing or calculating the entity or value of the entity based on other quantities or entities. “Derive” should be construed to encompass any manner of deducing or identifying an entity or value of the entity. 
       FIG.  4    depicts a flow diagram outlining a method  400  to be performed by a UE. The method includes, at  410 , receiving, from a base station, control information that indicates i) time domain resources for communication of at least two physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or at least two physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions and ii) at least one repetition number indicating a number of times each of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions is repeated. Examples of configuration information are illustrated in  FIGS.  2 A,  2 C,  3 A, and  3 C . The method includes, at  420 , configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH transmissions or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions based on the time domain resources and repetition number. 
     In one example, the method  400  includes identifying a single repetition number in the control information, wherein the single repetition number is associated with all of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH, each repeated based on the single repetition number, or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the single repetition number. An illustration of this example can be found in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 C . 
     In another example, the method  400  includes identifying at least two repetition numbers in the control information, wherein each respective repetition number is associated with a respective one of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number, or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number. An illustration of this example can be found in  FIGS.  3 A- 3 C . 
       FIG.  5    depicts a flow diagram outlining a method  400  to be performed by a BS. The method includes, at  510 , transmitting, to a user equipment wireless communication device (UE), control information that indicates i) time domain resources for communication of at least two physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or at least two physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions and ii) at least one repetition number indicating a number of times each of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions is repeated. Examples of configuration information are illustrated in  FIGS.  2 A,  2 C,  3 A, and  3 C . At  520  the method includes configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH transmissions or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmissions based on the time domain resources and repetition number. 
     In one example, the method  500  includes identifying a single repetition number in the control information, wherein the single repetition number is associated with all of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH, each repeated based on the single repetition number, or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the single repetition number. An illustration of this example can be found in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 C . 
     In another example, the method  500  includes identifying at least two repetition numbers in the control information, wherein each respective repetition number is associated with a respective one of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH transmission, each repeated based on the associated repetition number, or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmission, each repeated based on the associated repetition number. An illustration of this example can be found in  FIGS.  3 A- 3 C . 
       FIG.  6    illustrates an example architecture of a system  600  of a communication network, in accordance with various embodiments. The following description is provided for an example system  600  that operates in conjunction with the LTE system standards and 5G or NR system standards as provided by 3GPP technical specifications. However, the example embodiments are not limited in this regard and the described embodiments may apply to other networks that benefit from the principles described herein, such as future 3GPP systems (e.g., Sixth Generation (6G)) systems, IEEE 702.16 protocols (e.g., WMAN, WiMAX, etc.), or the like. 
     As shown by  FIG.  6   , the system  600  includes UE  601   a  and UE  601   b  (collectively referred to as “UEs  601 ” or “UE  601 ”). In this example, UEs  601  are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks), but may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as consumer electronics devices, cellular phones, smartphones, feature phones, tablet computers, wearable computer devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), pagers, wireless handsets, desktop computers, laptop computers, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI), in-car entertainment (ICE) devices, an Instrument Cluster (IC), head-up display (HUD) devices, onboard diagnostic (OBD) devices, dashtop mobile equipment (DME), mobile data terminals (MDTs), Electronic Engine Management System (EEMS), electronic/engine control units (ECUs), electronic/engine control modules (ECMs), embedded systems, microcontrollers, control modules, engine management systems (EMS), networked or “smart” appliances, MTC devices, M2M, IoT devices, and/or the like. 
     In some embodiments, any of the UEs  601  may be IoT UEs, which may comprise a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications utilizing short-lived UE connections. An IoT UE can utilize technologies such as M2M or MTC for exchanging data with an MTC server or device via a PLMN, ProSe or D2D communication, sensor networks, or IoT networks. The M2M or MTC exchange of data may be a machine-initiated exchange of data. An IoT network describes interconnecting IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the Internet infrastructure), with short-lived connections. The IoT UEs may execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate the connections of the IoT network. 
     The UEs  601  may be configured to connect, for example, communicatively couple, with a RAN  610 . In embodiments, the RAN  610  may be an NG RAN or a 5G RAN, an E-UTRAN, or a legacy RAN, such as a UTRAN or GERAN. As used herein, the term “NG RAN” or the like may refer to a RAN  610  that operates in an NR or 5G system  600 , and the term “E-UTRAN” or the like may refer to a RAN  610  that operates in an LTE or 4G system  600 . The UEs  601  utilize connections (or channels)  603  and  604 , respectively, each of which comprises a physical communications interface or layer (discussed in further detail below). 
     In this example, the connections  603  and  604  are illustrated as an air interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular communications protocols, such as a GSM protocol, a CDMA network protocol, a PTT protocol, a POC protocol, a UMTS protocol, a 3GPP LTE protocol, a 5G protocol, a NR protocol, and/or any of the other communications protocols discussed herein. In embodiments, the UEs  601  may directly exchange communication data via a ProSe interface  605 . The ProSe interface  605  may alternatively be referred to as a SL interface  605  and may comprise one or more logical channels, including but not limited to a PSCCH, a PSSCH, a PSDCH, and a PSBCH. 
     The UE  601   b  is shown to be configured to access an AP  606  (also referred to as “WLAN node  606 ,” “WLAN  606 ,” “WLAN Termination  606 ,” “WT  606 ” or the like) via connection  607 . The connection  607  can comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 702.11 protocol, wherein the AP  606  would comprise a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi®) router. In this example, the AP  606  is shown to be connected to the Internet without connecting to the core network of the wireless system (described in further detail below). In various embodiments, the UE  601   b , RAN  610 , and AP  606  may be configured to utilize LWA operation and/or LWIP operation. The LWA operation may involve the UE  601   b  in RRC_CONNECTED being configured by a RAN node  611   a - b  to utilize radio resources of LTE and WLAN. LWIP operation may involve the UE  601   b  using WLAN radio resources (e.g., connection  607 ) via IPsec protocol tunneling to authenticate and encrypt packets (e.g., IP packets) sent over the connection  607 . IPsec tunneling may include encapsulating the entirety of original IP packets and adding a new packet header, thereby protecting the original header of the IP packets. 
     The RAN  610  can include one or more AN nodes or RAN nodes  611   a  and  611   b  (collectively referred to as “RAN nodes  611 ” or “RAN node  611 ”) that enable the connections  603  and  604 . As used herein, the terms “access node,” “access point,” or the like may describe equipment that provides the radio baseband functions for data and/or voice connectivity between a network and one or more users. These access nodes can be referred to as BS, gNBs, RAN nodes, eNBs, NodeBs, RSUs, TRxPs or TRPs, and so forth, and can comprise ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell). As used herein, the term “NG RAN node” or the like may refer to a RAN node  611  that operates in an NR or 5G system  600  (for example, a gNB), and the term “E-UTRAN node” or the like may refer to a RAN node  611  that operates in an LTE or 4G system  600  (e.g., an eNB). According to various embodiments, the RAN nodes  611  may be implemented as one or more of a dedicated physical device such as a macrocell base station, and/or a low power (LP) base station for providing femtocells, picocells or other like cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells. 
     According to various embodiments, the UEs  601  and the RAN nodes  611  communicate data (for example, transmit and receive) data over a licensed medium (also referred to as the “licensed spectrum” and/or the “licensed band”) and an unlicensed shared medium (also referred to as the “unlicensed spectrum” and/or the “unlicensed band”). The licensed spectrum may include channels that operate in the frequency range of approximately 400 MHz to approximately 3.8 GHz, whereas the unlicensed spectrum may include the 5 GHz band. 
     To operate in the unlicensed spectrum, the UEs  601  and the RAN nodes  611  may operate using LAA, eLAA, and/or feLAA mechanisms. In these implementations, the UEs  601  and the RAN nodes  611  may perform one or more known medium-sensing operations and/or carrier-sensing operations in order to determine whether one or more channels in the unlicensed spectrum is unavailable or otherwise occupied prior to transmitting in the unlicensed spectrum. The medium/carrier sensing operations may be performed according to a listen-before-talk (LBT) protocol. 
     LBT is a mechanism whereby equipment (for example, UEs  601  RAN nodes  611 , etc.) senses a medium (for example, a channel or carrier frequency) and transmits when the medium is sensed to be idle (or when a specific channel in the medium is sensed to be unoccupied). The medium sensing operation may include CCA, which utilizes at least ED to determine the presence or absence of other signals on a channel in order to determine if a channel is occupied or clear. This LBT mechanism allows cellular/LAA networks to coexist with incumbent systems in the unlicensed spectrum and with other LAA networks. ED may include sensing RF energy across an intended transmission band for a period of time and comparing the sensed RF energy to a predefined or configured threshold. 
     Typically, the incumbent systems in the 5 GHz band are WLANs based on IEEE 702.11 technologies. WLAN employs a contention-based channel access mechanism, called CSMA/CA. Here, when a WLAN node (e.g., a mobile station (MS) such as UE  601 , AP  606 , or the like) intends to transmit, the WLAN node may first perform CCA before transmission. Additionally, a backoff mechanism is used to avoid collisions in situations where more than one WLAN node senses the channel as idle and transmits at the same time. The backoff mechanism may be a counter that is drawn randomly within the CWS, which is increased exponentially upon the occurrence of collision and reset to a minimum value when the transmission succeeds. The LBT mechanism designed for LAA is somewhat similar to the CSMA/CA of WLAN. In some implementations, the LBT procedure for DL or UL transmission bursts including PDSCH or PUSCH transmissions, respectively, may have an LAA contention window that is variable in length between X and Y ECCA slots, where X and Y are minimum and maximum values for the CWSs for LAA. In one example, the minimum CWS for an LAA transmission may be 8 microseconds (μs); however, the size of the CWS and a MCOT (for example, a transmission burst) may be based on governmental regulatory requirements. 
     The LAA mechanisms are built upon CA technologies of LTE-Advanced systems. In CA, each aggregated carrier is referred to as a CC. A CC may have a bandwidth of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 MHz and a maximum of five CCs can be aggregated, and therefore, a maximum aggregated bandwidth is 100 MHz. In FDD systems, the number of aggregated carriers can be different for DL and UL, where the number of UL CCs is equal to or lower than the number of DL component carriers. In some cases, individual CCs can have a different bandwidth than other CCs. In TDD systems, the number of CCs as well as the bandwidths of each CC is usually the same for DL and UL. 
     CA also comprises individual serving cells to provide individual CCs. The coverage of the serving cells may differ, for example, because CCs on different frequency bands will experience different pathloss. A primary service cell or PCell may provide a PCC for both UL and DL, and may handle RRC and NAS related activities. The other serving cells are referred to as SCells, and each SCell may provide an individual SCC for both UL and DL. The SCCs may be added and removed as required, while changing the PCC may require the UE  601  to undergo a handover. In LAA, eLAA, and feLAA, some or all of the SCells may operate in the unlicensed spectrum (referred to as “LAA SCells”), and the LAA SCells are assisted by a PCell operating in the licensed spectrum. When a UE is configured with more than one LAA SCell, the UE may receive UL grants on the configured LAA SCells indicating different PUSCH starting positions within a same subframe. 
     The PDSCH carries user data and higher-layer signaling to the UEs  601 . The PDCCH carries information about the transport format and resource allocations related to the PDSCH channel, among other things. It may also inform the UEs  601  about the transport format, resource allocation, and HARQ information related to the uplink shared channel. Typically, downlink scheduling (assigning control and shared channel resource blocks to the UE  601   b  within a cell) may be performed at any of the RAN nodes  611  based on channel quality information fed back from any of the UEs  601 . The downlink resource assignment information may be sent on the PDCCH used for (e.g., assigned to) each of the UEs  601 . 
     The RAN  610  is shown to be communicatively coupled to a core network—in this embodiment, core network (CN)  620 . The CN  620  may comprise a plurality of network elements  622 , which are configured to offer various data and telecommunications services to customers/subscribers (e.g., users of UEs  601 ) who are connected to the CN  620  via the RAN  610 . The components of the CN  620  may be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes including components to read and execute instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium). In some embodiments, NFV may be utilized to virtualize any or all of the above-described network node functions via executable instructions stored in one or more computer-readable storage mediums (described in further detail below). A logical instantiation of the CN  620  may be referred to as a network slice, and a logical instantiation of a portion of the CN  620  may be referred to as a network sub-slice. NFV architectures and infrastructures may be used to virtualize one or more network functions, alternatively performed by proprietary hardware, onto physical resources comprising a combination of industry-standard server hardware, storage hardware, or switches. In other words, NFV systems can be used to execute virtual or reconfigurable implementations of one or more EPC components/functions. 
       FIG.  7    illustrates an example of infrastructure equipment  700  in accordance with various embodiments. The infrastructure equipment  700  (or “system  700 ”) may be implemented as a base station, radio head, RAN node such as the RAN nodes  611  and/or AP  606  shown and described previously, application server(s)  630 , and/or any other element/device discussed herein. In other examples, the system  700  could be implemented in or by a UE. 
     The system  700  includes application circuitry  705 , baseband circuitry  710 , one or more radio front end modules (RFEMs)  715 , memory circuitry  720 , power management integrated circuitry (PMIC)  725 , power tee circuitry  730 , network controller circuitry  735 , network interface connector  740 , satellite positioning circuitry  745 , and user interface  750 . In some embodiments, the device  700  may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, or input/output (I/O) interface. In other embodiments, the components described below may be included in more than one device. For example, said circuitries may be separately included in more than one device for CRAN, vBBU, or other like implementations. 
     Application circuitry  705  includes circuitry such as, but not limited to one or more processors (or processor cores), cache memory, and one or more of low drop-out voltage regulators (LDOs), interrupt controllers, serial interfaces such as SPI, I2C or universal programmable serial interface module, real time clock (RTC), timer-counters including interval and watchdog timers, general purpose input/output (I/O or IO), memory card controllers such as Secure Digital (SD) MultiMediaCard (MMC) or similar, Universal Serial Bus (USB) interfaces, Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI) interfaces and Joint Test Access Group (JTAG) test access ports. The processors (or cores) of the application circuitry  705  may be coupled with or may include memory/storage elements and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the system  700 . In some implementations, the memory/storage elements may be on-chip memory circuitry, which may include any suitable volatile and/or non-volatile memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory, solid-state memory, and/or any other type of memory device technology, such as those discussed herein. 
     The processor(s) of application circuitry  705  may include, for example, one or more processor cores (CPUs), one or more application processors, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs), one or more reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, one or more Acorn RISC Machine (ARM) processors, one or more complex instruction set computing (CISC) processors, one or more digital signal processors (DSP), one or more FPGAs, one or more PLDs, one or more ASICs, one or more microprocessors or controllers, or any suitable combination thereof. In some embodiments, the application circuitry  705  may comprise, or may be, a special-purpose processor/controller to operate according to the various embodiments herein. As examples, the processor(s) of application circuitry  705  may include one or more Apple® processors, Intel® processor(s); Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) Ryzen® processor(s), Accelerated Processing Units (APUs), or Epyc® processors; ARM-based processor(s) licensed from ARM Holdings, Ltd. such as the ARM Cortex-A family of processors and the ThunderX2@ provided by Cavium™, Inc.; a MIPS-based design from MIPS Technologies, Inc. such as MIPS Warrior P-class processors; and/or the like. In some embodiments, the system  700  may not utilize application circuitry  705 , and instead may include a special-purpose processor/controller to process IP data received from an EPC or 5GC, for example. 
     User interface circuitry  750  may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable user interaction with the system  700  or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral component interaction with the system  700 . User interfaces may include, but are not limited to, one or more physical or virtual buttons (e.g., a reset button), one or more indicators (e.g., light emitting diodes (LEDs)), a physical keyboard or keypad, a mouse, a touchpad, a touchscreen, speakers or other audio emitting devices, microphones, a printer, a scanner, a headset, a display screen or display device, etc. Peripheral component interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a nonvolatile memory port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an audio jack, a power supply interface, etc. 
     The components shown by  FIG.  7    may communicate with one another using interface circuitry, which may include any number of bus and/or interconnect (IX) technologies such as industry standard architecture (ISA), extended ISA (EISA), peripheral component interconnect (PCI), peripheral component interconnect extended (PCIx), PCI express (PCIe), or any number of other technologies. The bus/IX may be a proprietary bus, for example, used in a SoC based system. Other bus/IX systems may be included, such as an I2C interface, an SPI interface, point to point interfaces, and a power bus, among others. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates an example of a platform  800  (or “device  800 ”) in accordance with various embodiments. In embodiments, the computer platform  800  may be suitable for use as UEs  101 ,  601 , application servers  630 , and/or any other element/device discussed herein. The platform  800  may include any combinations of the components shown in the example. The components of platform  800  may be implemented as integrated circuits (ICs), portions thereof, discrete electronic devices, or other modules, logic, hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof adapted in the computer platform  800 , or as components otherwise incorporated within a chassis of a larger system. The block diagram of  FIG.  8    is intended to show a high level view of components of the computer platform  800 . However, some of the components shown may be omitted, additional components may be present, and different arrangement of the components shown may occur in other implementations. 
     Application circuitry  805  includes circuitry such as, but not limited to one or more processors (or processor cores), cache memory, and one or more of LDOs, interrupt controllers, serial interfaces such as SPI,  12 C or universal programmable serial interface module, RTC, timer-counters including interval and watchdog timers, general purpose I/O, memory card controllers such as SD MMC or similar, USB interfaces, MIPI interfaces, and JTAG test access ports. The processors (or cores) of the application circuitry  805  may be coupled with or may include memory/storage elements and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the system  800 . In some implementations, the memory/storage elements may be on-chip memory circuitry, which may include any suitable volatile and/or non-volatile memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory, solid-state memory, and/or any other type of memory device technology, such as those discussed herein. 
     As examples, the processor(s) of application circuitry  805  may include a general or special purpose processor, such as an A-series processor (e.g., the A13 Bionic), available from Apple® Inc., Cupertino, Calif. or any other such processor. The processors of the application circuitry  805  may also be one or more of Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) Ryzen® processor(s) or Accelerated Processing Units (APUs); Core processor(s) from Intel® Inc., Snapdragon™ processor(s) from Qualcomm® Technologies, Inc., Texas Instruments, Inc.® Open Multimedia Applications Platform (OMAP)™ processor(s); a MIPS-based design from MIPS Technologies, Inc. such as MIPS Warrior M-class, Warrior I-class, and Warrior P-class processors; an ARM-based design licensed from ARM Holdings, Ltd., such as the ARM Cortex-A, Cortex-R, and Cortex-M family of processors; or the like. In some implementations, the application circuitry  805  may be a part of a system on a chip (SoC) in which the application circuitry  805  and other components are formed into a single integrated circuit, or a single package. 
     The baseband circuitry  810  may be implemented, for example, as a solder-down substrate including one or more integrated circuits, a single packaged integrated circuit soldered to a main circuit board or a multi-chip module containing two or more integrated circuits. 
     The platform  800  may also include interface circuitry (not shown) that is used to connect external devices with the platform  800 . The external devices connected to the platform  800  via the interface circuitry include sensor circuitry  821  and electro-mechanical components (EMCs)  822 , as well as removable memory devices coupled to removable memory circuitry  823 . 
     A battery  830  may power the platform  800 , although in some examples the platform  800  may be mounted deployed in a fixed location, and may have a power supply coupled to an electrical grid. The battery  830  may be a lithium ion battery, a metal-air battery, such as a zinc-air battery, an aluminum-air battery, a lithium-air battery, and the like. In some implementations, such as in V2X applications, the battery  830  may be a typical lead-acid automotive battery. 
     While the methods are illustrated and described above as a series of acts or events, it will be appreciated that the illustrated ordering of such acts or events are not to be interpreted in a limiting sense. For example, some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts or events apart from those illustrated and/or described herein. In addition, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement one or more aspects or examples of the disclosure herein. Also, one or more of the acts depicted herein may be carried out in one or more separate acts and/or phases. In some examples, the methods illustrated above may be implemented in a computer readable medium using instructions stored in a memory. Many other examples and variations are possible within the scope of the claimed disclosure. 
     Examples 
     Example 1 is a user equipment (UE) device, including a processor configured to perform operations including receiving, from a base station (BS), control information that indicates i) time domain resources for communication of at least two physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or at least two physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions and ii) at least one repetition number indicating a number of times each of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions is repeated; and configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH transmissions or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions based on the time domain resources and repetition number. 
     Example 2 includes the subject matter of example 1, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the processor is configured to perform operations including identifying indication of a single repetition number in the control information, wherein single repetition number is associated with all of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the single repetition number, or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the single repetition number. 
     Example 3 includes the subject matter of example 1, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the processor is configured to perform operations including identifying, in the control information, indication of a respective repetition number associated with each respective one of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number, or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number. 
     Example 4 includes the subject matter of example 1, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the indication of at least one repetition number is configured by way of radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 
     Example 5 includes the subject matter of example 4, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the indication of at least one repetition number is configured for each set of multiple PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions indicated by the control information. 
     Example 6 includes the subject matter of example 4, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the indication of at least one repetition number is configured for each PDSCH/PUSCH transmission in a set of multiple PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions indicated by the control information. 
     Example 7 includes the subject matter of examples 1-3, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the control information includes downlink control information (DCI). 
     Example 8 is a base station (BS), including a processor configured to perform operations including transmitting, to a user equipment wireless communication device (UE), control information that indicates i) time domain resources for communication of at least two physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or at least two physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions and ii) at least one repetition number indicating a number of times each of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions is repeated; and configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH transmissions or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmissions based on the time domain resources and repetition number. 
     Example 9 includes the subject matter of example 8, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the processor is configured to perform operations including identifying indication of a single repetition number in the control information, wherein the single repetition number is associated with all of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the single repetition number, or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the single repetition number. 
     Example 10 includes the subject matter of example 8, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the processor is configured to perform operations including identifying, in the control information, indication of a respective repetition number associated with each respective one of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number, or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number. 
     Example 11 includes the subject matter of examples 8-10, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the indication of at least one repetition number is configured by way of radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 
     Example 12 includes the subject matter of example 11, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the indication of at least one repetition number is configured for each set of multiple PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions indicated by the control information. 
     Example 13 includes the subject matter of example 11, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the indication of at least one repetition number is configured for each PDSCH/PUSCH transmission in a set of multiple PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions indicated by the control information. 
     Example 14 includes the subject matter of examples 8-10, including or omitting optional subject matter, wherein the control information includes downlink control information (DCI). 
     Example 15 is a method, including receiving, from a base station, control information that indicates i) time domain resources for communication of at least two physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or at least two physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions and ii) at least one repetition number indicating a number of times each of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions is repeated; and configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH transmissions or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions based on the time domain resources and repetition number. 
     Example 16 includes the subject matter of example 15, including or omitting optional subject matter, further including identifying indication of a single repetition number in the control information, wherein the single repetition number is associated with all of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the single repetition number, or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the single repetition number. 
     Example 17 includes the subject matter of example 15, including or omitting optional subject matter, further including identifying indication of at least two repetition numbers in the control information, wherein each respective repetition number is associated with a respective one of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number, or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number. 
     Example 18 is a method, including transmitting, to a user equipment wireless communication device (UE), control information that indicates i) time domain resources for communication of at least two physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or at least two physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions and ii) at least one repetition number indicating a number of times each of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions is repeated; and configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH transmissions or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmissions based on the time domain resources and repetition number. 
     Example 19 includes the subject matter of example 18, including or omitting optional subject matter, further including identifying indication of a single repetition number in the control information, wherein the single repetition number is associated with all of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the repetition number, or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the repetition number. 
     Example 20 includes the subject matter of example 18, including or omitting optional subject matter, further including identifying indication of at least two repetition numbers in the control information, wherein each respective repetition number is associated with a respective one of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number, or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number. 
     Example 21 is a baseband processor including a processor configured to perform operations including receiving, from a base station, control information that indicates i) time domain resources for communication of at least two physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or at least two physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions and ii) at least one repetition number indicating a number of times each of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions is repeated; and configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH transmissions or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions based on the time domain resources and repetition number. 
     Example 22 includes the subject matter of example 21, including or omitting optional subject matter, further configured to perform operations including identifying indication of a single repetition number in the control information, wherein the single repetition number is associated with all of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the single repetition number, or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the single repetition number. 
     Example 23 includes the subject matter of example 21, including or omitting optional subject matter, further configured to perform operations including identifying indication of at least two repetition numbers in the control information, wherein each respective repetition number is associated with a respective one of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to receive the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number, or to transmit the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number. 
     Example 24 is a baseband processor including a processor configured to perform operations including transmitting, to a user equipment wireless communication device (UE), control information that indicates i) time domain resources for communication of at least two physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or at least two physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions and ii) at least one repetition number indicating a number of times each of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions is repeated; and configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH transmissions or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmissions based on the time domain resources and repetition number. 
     Example 25 includes the subject matter of example 24, including or omitting optional subject matter, further configured to perform operations including identifying indication of a single repetition number in the control information, wherein the single repetition number is associated with all of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the repetition number, or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the repetition number. 
     Example 26 includes the subject matter of example 24, including or omitting optional subject matter, further configured to perform operations including identifying indication of at least two repetition numbers in the control information, wherein each respective repetition number is associated with a respective one of the at least two PDSCH/PUSCH transmissions; and configuring operation to transmit the at least two PDSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number, or to receive the at least two PUSCH transmissions, each repeated based on the associated repetition number. 
     The term “couple” is used throughout the specification. The term may cover connections, communications, or signal paths that enable a functional relationship consistent with the description of the present disclosure. For example, if device A generates a signal to control device B to perform an action, in a first example device A is coupled to device B, or in a second example device A is coupled to device B through intervening component C if intervening component C does not substantially alter the functional relationship between device A and device B such that device B is controlled by device A via the control signal generated by device A. 
     It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.