Patent Publication Number: US-2022233319-A1

Title: Artificial acetabular cup and manufacturing method thereof

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to the field of medical devices, in particular to orthopedic implants. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Artificial hip joints usually comprise an artificial acetabular cup to be fixed to the upper limb of a human body, a hemispherical plastic part mounted in the artificial acetabular cup, and a ball head fixed to the lower limb of the human body by a fastener. The existing artificial acetabular cup usually comprises a solid metal seat and a solid metal dome extending from the solid metal seat. The outer layer of the dome of some existing artificial acetabular cups is also covered with a porous structure layer. 
     The inventor of the present application found that, since the solid metal part is too thick, when a force is applied to the existing artificial acetabular cup, most of the force will be absorbed by the solid metal part and is difficult to be transmitted to the bones of the human body, resulting in very little force stimulation, or even no force stimulation to the human bones. And when there is no or very little force stimulation to the human bones, the bones will stop growing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a better artificial acetabular cup. 
     The inventor of the present application also found that, in the existing orthopedic implants, portions in contact with the human bones are still difficult to match with the human bones, and not able to promote the bones growing well. Therefore, there is a need to develop better orthopedic implant structures. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide an artificial acetabular cup with better performance. 
     In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an artificial acetabular cup having an annular base and a dome extending from the annular base, wherein the dome has an inner layer and an outer layer covering the inner layer, at least a part of the inner layer of the dome is a solid layer, at least a part of the outer layer of the dome is a porous structure layer, and the thickness of the inner layer is less than that of the porous structure layer. 
     In an embodiment, the inner layer of the dome has a plurality of solid beams extending between the annular base and the top of the dome in the longitude direction, the plurality of solid beams is spaced apart from each other in the latitude direction, and a porous structure is arranged between two adjacent solid beams, and the outer surface of the dome is provided with a porous structure. 
     In an embodiment, at least a part of the inner layer of the dome is a porous layer, and the porous layer portion of the inner layer of the dome is concave relative to the solid beam. 
     In an embodiment, the entire inner layer of the dome is a solid layer. 
     In an embodiment, the entire outer layer of the dome is a porous structure layer. 
     In an embodiment, the thickness of the inner layer is 1/50˜½ of that of the outer layer. 
     In an embodiment, at least one of the solid beams is provided with a mounting hole. 
     In an embodiment, the dome has a solid cylindrical portion integrally extending from the upper end surface of the annular base and a plurality of solid beams extending from the solid cylindrical portion in the longitudinal direction. 
     In an embodiment, the inner side edge of the annular base is provided with a plurality of opening grooves spaced apart in the latitude direction that is open to the inner side of the dome. 
     In an embodiment, the outer surface of the outer layer of the dome is distributed with spikes. 
     In an embodiment, the spike is integrally formed on the outer surface of the outer layer of the dome. 
     In an embodiment, the distance between two adjacent spikes is 300 μm 1000 μm. In an embodiment, the angle between the central axis of the spike and the tangent to the outer surface of the outer layer of the dome is 65°˜110°. 
     In an embodiment, the outer surface of the outer layer of the dome is arcuate surface. Preferably, the outer surface of the outer layer of the dome is a spherical surface. In an embodiment, the artificial acetabular cup is formed by 3D printing. 
     In an embodiment, the artificial acetabular cup is made of titanium alloy, pure titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy, or stainless steel. 
     According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a manufacturing method of an artificial acetabular cup, comprising the following steps: 
     S1. building a digital model of an artificial acetabular cup, which has an annular base and a dome extending from the annular base, at least a part of the inner layer of the dome is a solid layer, and at least a part of the outer layer of the dome is a porous structure layer, and the thickness of the inner layer is less than that of the porous structure layer; 
     S2. 3D printing the digital model of the artificial acetabular cup. In an embodiment, the step S1 comprises the following sub-steps: 
     S11. building a digital model of a porous substrate and a digital model of a solid substrate; 
     S12. adding a digital model of spike to the digital model of the porous substrate, resulting in the digital model of the spike and the digital model of the porous substrate overlapping; 
     S13. arraying the digital model of the spike to obtain a plurality of digital models of the spike; 
     S14. merging the plurality of digital models of the spike obtained by arraying with the digital model of the porous substrate, and merging the digital model of the porous substrate with the digital model of the solid substrate. 
     In an embodiment, the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps: before performing 3D printing, further merging a digital model with a digital model of a porous foam, wherein the digital model is obtained by merging the plurality of the digital models of the spike obtained by arraying with the digital model of the porous substrate. 
     In an embodiment, the merging of the plurality of the digital models of the spike obtained by arraying with the digital model of the porous substrate is performed by Boolean operation. 
     In an embodiment, the step S1 comprises: cutting grooves on the outer surface of the porous structure of the outer layer to obtain spikes, and controlling the thickness and height of the spikes by adjusting the pitch and the depth of the grooves. 
     The present application also provides an artificial acetabular cup having an annular base and a dome extending from the annular base, wherein the dome is entirely porous structure layer. 
     In an embodiment, the inner side edge of the annular base is provided with an opening groove that is open to the inner side of the dome. 
     In an embodiment, the outer surface of the outer layer of the dome is distributed with spikes. 
     In an embodiment, the spike is integrally formed on the outer surface of the outer layer of the dome. 
     In an embodiment, the distance between two adjacent spikes is 300 μm˜1000 μm. 
     In an embodiment, the angle between the central axis of the spike and the tangent to the outer surface of the outer layer of the dome is 65°˜110°. 
     In an embodiment, the outer surface of the outer layer of the dome is arcuate surface. Preferably, the outer surface of the outer layer of the dome is a spherical surface. 
     In an embodiment, the artificial acetabular cup is formed by 3D printing. In an embodiment, the artificial acetabular cup is formed of titanium alloy, pure titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy, or stainless steel. 
     The volume of the solid part of the artificial acetabular cup of the present application is minimized, while the porous part occupies most of the volume, and because of using 3D printing technology, the artificial acetabular cup with the same rigidity has a lighter weight, a lower 3D Printing cost (less powder usage and shorter printing time), and is more conducive to promote the growth of the human bones. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an artificial acetabular cup according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of the artificial acetabular cup of  FIG. 1  with some parts thereof removed. 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view of an artificial acetabular cup according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of the artificial acetabular cup of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  is an enlarged view of part A of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing an orthopedic implant according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 7 ˜ 10  are microscope images of a variety of different spike structures on the porous structure surface of an orthopedic implant manufactured according to the manufacturing method of  FIG. 6 . 
     
    
    
     THE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the purposes, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and is only used for illustrating the essential spirit of the technical solution of the present invention. 
     In the following description, for the purpose of illustrating various disclosed embodiments, some specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of various disclosed embodiments. However, those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the embodiments may be embodied without one or more of these specific details. In other situations, well-known devices, structures, and technologies associated with the present application may not be shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments. 
     Unless the context has other requirement, throughout the specification and claims, the words “comprising” and its variations, such as “including” and “having” should be understood as open and inclusive meanings, that is, should be interpreted as “including, but not limited to”. 
     Throughout the specification, reference to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in combination with the embodiment is involved in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the appearances of “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various positions throughout the specification are not all refer to the same embodiment. In addition, specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any manner in one or more embodiments. 
     As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a” and “the” comprise plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should be noted that the term “or” is usually used in its meaning including “and/or”, unless the context clearly stipulates otherwise. 
     In the following description, in order to clearly demonstrate the structure and working mode of the present invention, many directional words will be used for description, but the words “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, “outer”, “inner” , “outward”, “inward”, “upper”, “lower” and other words should be understood as convenient terms and should not be understood as restrictive terms. 
     The present invention relates to orthopedic implants and manufacturing method thereof, in particular to artificial hip joints and manufacturing method thereof. Artificial hip joints usually comprises artificial acetabular cup, liner and a ball head. Artificial acetabular cup is used to be implanted into the acetabular of the pelvic cavity. and is usually made of titanium alloy or cobalt-chromium alloy. Liner is used as an interface of artificial hip joints, and is usually made of polyethylene, ceramic, metal, and etc. The ball head is joined to femoral stem through a fastener and cooperates with the liner to form a joint interface. The ball head is generally made of ceramic or metal materials. The present invention mainly relates to artificial acetabular cup. A large amounts of porous structures are used in the artificial acetabular cup. In particular, a large amounts of porous structures are used in the dome part of the artificial acetabular cup. Therefore, the weight of the artificial acetabular cup can be greatly reduced, production cost is lower, and the growth of the human bones are promoted. 
       FIGS. 1-2  show a structural diagram of an artificial acetabular cup  100  according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIGS. 1-2 , the artificial acetabular cup  100  has an annular base  101  and a dome  102  integrally extending from the annular base  101 . The inner diameter and outer diameter of the annular base  101  can be set according to different acetabular cup specifications to match the different acetabulum of the pelvic cavity of human bodies. The annular base  101  has a predetermined height, as long as meeting the demand of the strength, the lower the height, the better, so as to reduce the weight and production cost. In this application, the height H of the annular base  101  may be 10 mm to 40 mm. Preferably, the height H of the annular base  101  may be 19 mm to 38 mm. 
     The inner side edge of the annular base  101  is provided with a plurality of opening grooves  1011  spaced apart from each other in the latitude direction and open to the inner side of the dome  102 . The shape of the opening groove  1011  matches with and can receive the outer peripheral edge of the corresponding artificial hip joint liner when assembling them together. In this embodiment, the radial cross section of opening groove  1011  is triangular. The outer side edge of the annular base  101  is also provided with a protruding piece  12  integrally extending outwardly from the outer side edge in the radial direction of the annular base  101  for holding during mounting. 
     The dome  102  integrally extends from the upper end surface of the annular base  101  and has a hemispherical shape. The dome  102  has an inner layer  1021  and an outer layer  1022  covering the inner layer  1021 . The thickness of the inner layer  1021  is less than that of the outer layer  1022 . The inner layer  1021  of the dome  102  comprises a solid layer  1023  and a porous structure layer  1024 . The solid layer  1023  has a solid cylindrical portion  1025  integrally extending from the upper end surface of the annular base  101  and a plurality of solid beams  1026  extending from the solid cylindrical portion  1025  in the longitudinal direction. The plurality of solid beams  1026  are spaced apart from each other in the latitude direction. A porous structure  1027  is arranged between two adjacent solid beams  1026 . The porous layer portion of the inner layer  1021  of the dome  102 , that is, the porous structure  1027  is concave relative to the solid beam  1026 . As a result, materials can be reduced. One or more mounting holes  1028  are provided in the solid beam  1026  for fixing the artificial acetabular cup to the human body. The top of the dome  102  is also provided with an assembling hole  1031 , which is used to cooperate with corresponding tools when assembling the artificial acetabular cup to the human body. The solid portions provided with the mounting hole  1028  and the assembling hole  1031  respectively may be thicker than other solid portions, so that these solid portions have sufficient strength. It is understood that the above-mentioned solid beams  1026  may also directly extending from the upper end surface of the annular base  101  to the top of the dome  102 , that is, the solid cylindrical portion  1025  can be cancelled. As a result, the amount of material used can be further reduced. 
     The outer layer  1022  of the dome  102  integrally formed over the inner layer  1021 . At least a part of the outer layer  1022  is a porous structure layer  1024 . In this embodiment, except for the mounting holes and assembling holes, the rest of the outer layer  1022  is the porous structure layer  1024 . In this case, the entire outer layer  1022  can be regarded as a porous structure layer  1024 . The thickness of the inner layer  1021  is less than that of the outer layer  1022 . The thickness T 1  of the inner layer  1021  may be 1/50˜½ of the thickness T 2  of the outer layer  1022 . Preferably, the thickness of the inner layer  1021  is 1/20 to ⅕ of the thickness of the outer layer  1022 . In this application, since the thickness of the solid layer  1023  is less than the thickness of the porous structure layer  1024 , the thickness of the solid metal portion is very thin, and can be as thin as 0.05 mm, when a force is applied to the acetabulum, the force is less blocked by the solid metal portion, and most of the force can be transmitted to the human bones, that is, the thinner solid metal portion can reduce the stress shielding to the acetabular bone, thereby stimulating the growth of the human bones, and then enabling the artificial acetabulum to better embed into the human body. 
     Furthermore, compared with the prior art wherein the thickness of the solid layer  1023  is much greater than that of the porous layer  1024 , the weight of the acetabular cup of the present application can be greatly reduced, thereby greatly reducing the production cost. Table 1 below is a weight comparison of artificial acetabular cups made of titanium alloys with the same specifications and different structures. It can be seen that the total weight of the artificial acetabular cup in this application is only about ⅔ of that of the artificial acetabular cup in the prior art. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Sample 
                   
                   
                 The reduced amount of 
               
               
                 No. 
                 Characteristic 
                 Weight 
                 Ti 6Al4V ELI powder 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 No. 1 
                 no beam, a porous layer 
                 63.4 g 
                 0 
               
               
                 controlled 
                 with a thickness of 
               
               
                 50 mm 
                 1.5 mm, a solid layer with 
               
               
                 shell 
                 a thickness of 3.5 mm, 
               
               
                 No. 2, 
                 having beam, a porous 
                 45.2 g 
                 ΔW = −18.2 
               
               
                 50 mm 
                 layer with a thickness of 
                   
                 g(Δ$9.1/shell) 
               
               
                 shell 
                 4.0 mm, a solid layer with 
               
               
                   
                 a thickness of 1.0 mm 
               
               
                 No. 3, 
                 having beam, a porous 
                 49.0 g 
                 ΔW = −14.4 
               
               
                 50 mm 
                 layer with a thickness of 
                   
                 g(Δ$7.1/shell) 
               
               
                 shell 
                 4.0 mm, a solid layer with 
               
               
                   
                 a thickness of 0.5 mm 
               
               
                 No. 4, 
                 entirely porous solid seat 
                 24.3 g 
                 ΔW = −39.1 
               
               
                 50 mm 
                 body with a thickness of 
                   
                 g(Δ$19.55/shell) 
               
               
                 shell 
                 5.0 mm 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The outer surface of the outer layer  1022  of the dome  102  is arcuate surface, and its specific shape matches the acetabulum of the human body. Preferably, the outer surface of the outer layer  1022  of the dome  102  is a spherical surface. The outer surface of the outer layer  1022  of the porous structure of the dome  102  can have spike structures  1029  distributed on it. Preferably, the spikes are integrally formed on the outer surface of the outer layer  1022  of the dome  102  by 3D printing. The distance D between two adjacent spikes may be 300 μm˜1000 μm. Preferably, the distance D between two adjacent spikes may be 400 μm˜800 μm. The angle a between the spike and the outer surface of the outer layer  1022  of the dome  102  is 65°˜110°, that is, the angle between the central axis of the spike and the tangent to the outer layer  1022  of the dome  102  at the location of the spike is 65°˜110°. By providing the spikes on the outer surface of the dome  102 , the friction coefficient of the artificial acetabular cup can be greatly improved. 
     The spikes can be generated by cutting grooves in the outer surface of the digital porous structure via software, and the thickness and the height of the spikes can be controlled by adjusting the pitch of the grooves and the depth of the grooves. For porous structure spherical surfaces, the pitch of the spikes can be adjusted by adjusting the dimensions of grooves along the longitude and latitude directions; the height of the spikes can controlled by adjusting the depth of the grooves in the radius direction of the spherical surface. For the porous plane of the cube, the pitch of the spikes can be adjusted by adjusting the width of grooves; the height of the spikes can be controlled by adjusting the depth of grooves. The cube sample has a surface extending in a plane, and the friction coefficient thereof is easier to measure than a spherical surface. Table 2 below shows the measured static friction coefficients and dynamic friction coefficients of five different cubic samples, wherein No.P-00250 is a sample with spikes on the outer surface of the porous structure, the height of the spike is 0.5 mm and the pitch of the spike is 0.5 mm. 
     Wherein No.P-00248 sample has a spike with a height of 0.25 mm and a pitch of 0 mm. No.P-00249 sample has a spike with a height of 0.5 mm and a pitch of 0 mm. No.P-00250 sample has a spike with a height of 0.5 mm and a pitch of 0.7 mm. No.P-00250EDM side sample is cut in the porous surface with electric spark, and the surface has no spikes, that is, the sample has a spike with a height of 0 mm and a pitch of 0 mm. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Friction test data 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Sample ID 
                 Sample ID 
                 Sample ID 
                 Sample ID 
                 Sample ID 
               
               
                 Operating 
                 P-00248 
                 P-00249 
                 P-00250 
                 P-00251 
                 P-00250 EDM side 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 data 
                 static 
                 dynamic 
                 static 
                 dynamic 
                 static 
                 dynamic 
                 static 
                 dynamic 
                 static 
                 dynamic 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 0.390 
                 0.257 
                 0.637 
                 0.349 
                 1.389 
                 1.050 
                 0.999 
                 0.677 
                 0.403 
                 0.322 
               
               
                 2 
                 0.387 
                 0.263 
                 0.665 
                 0.316 
                 1.091 
                 0.781 
                 1.000 
                 0.681 
                 0.381 
                 0.274 
               
               
                 3 
                 0.385 
                 0.263 
                 0.639 
                 0.337 
                 1.109 
                 0.861 
                 0.969 
                 0.621 
                 0.323 
                 0.195 
               
               
                 4 
                 0.410 
                 0.301 
                 0.621 
                 0.340 
                 1.011 
                 0.820 
                 0.963 
                 0.607 
                 0.339 
                 0.227 
               
               
                 5 
                 0.360 
                 0.187 
                 0.610 
                 0.331 
                 1.231 
                 0.806 
                 0.984 
                 0.723 
                 0.355 
                 0.269 
               
               
                 mean 
                 0.386 
                 0.254 
                 0.634 
                 0.335 
                 1.166 
                 0.864 
                 0.983 
                 0.662 
                 0.360 
                 0.257 
               
               
                 Minimum 
                 0.360 
                 0.187 
                 0.610 
                 0.316 
                 1.011 
                 0.781 
                 0.963 
                 0.607 
                 0.323 
                 0.195 
               
               
                 Maximum 
                 0.410 
                 0.301 
                 0.665 
                 0.349 
                 1.389 
                 1.050 
                 1.000 
                 0.723 
                 0.403 
                 0.322 
               
               
                 standard 
                 0.016 
                 0.037 
                 0.019 
                 0.011 
                 0.132 
                 0.097 
                 0.015 
                 0.042 
                 0.029 
                 0.043 
               
               
                 deviation 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     It can be seen from the table that the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient of the porous structure surface provided with the spike structures are much greater than the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient of the porous structure surface without the spike structure. Therefore, it is more beneficial to the mutual fit and cooperation of the implant and the human bone, resulting in the pinning effect. It should be understood that in the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1-2 , the spike structures are not necessarily be provided on the porous structure of the outer layer.  FIG. 3  shows an exploded perspective view of an artificial acetabular cup  200  of the second embodiment of the present invention. The main difference between this embodiment and the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  is that the inner layer of the dome of the artificial acetabular cup  200  of this embodiment is entirely a solid layer. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the artificial acetabular cup  200  has an annular base  201  and a dome  202 . The structure of the annular base  201  can be the same or substantially the same as the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , and will not be described in detail here. The dome  202  has an inner layer  2021  and an outer layer  2022 . In this embodiment, the inner surface of the inner layer  2021  of the dome  202  of the artificial acetabular cup  200  is a solid layer and has a smooth surface, that is, no protruding beams. It should be understood that the inner surface of the inner layer  2021  can also be provided with some protruding beams. Similarly, the outer surface of the inner layer of the dome  202  of the artificial acetabular cup  200  can be provided with a protruding beam  2023 , as shown in  FIG. 2 . Like the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , the outer layer  2022  of the artificial acetabular cup  200  of this embodiment is a porous structure layer, which integrally covers the inner layer  2021 . 
     The artificial acetabular cup  200  of the type shown in  FIG. 3  is generally suitable for super large hip cups, such as artificial acetabular cups of 60 mm, 62 mm, 64 mm, 66 mm, 67 mm, 70 mm, 72 mm, 74 mm, 76 mm, 78 mm, 80 mm and other specifications. A super large artificial acetabular cup with this structure will have high rigidity and low weight, and at the same time, will render the UHMWPE lining thinner. 
     Spike structures  2029  are distributed on the outer surface of the outer layer  2022  of the dome  202  of the artificial acetabular cup  200 , as shown in  FIGS. 4-5 . The spikes  2029  are integrally formed on the outer surface of the outer layer  2022  of the dome  202  by 3D printing. The distance D between two adjacent spikes may be 300 μm˜1000 μm. Preferably, the distance D between two adjacent spikes may be 400 μm 800 μm. The angle α between the spike and the outer surface of the outer layer  2022  of the dome  202  is 65°˜110°, that is, the angle between the central axis of the spike and the tangent to the outer layer  2022  of the dome  202  at the location of the spike is 65°˜110°. By providing the spike on the outer surface  2022  of the dome  202 , the friction coefficient of the artificial acetabular cup  200  can be greatly improved. It should be understood that in the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 3-5 , the spike structure can not be provided on the porous structure of the outer layer  2022 . 
     The aforementioned artificial acetabular cup can be made of titanium alloy, pure titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy, or stainless steel. Preferably, the artificial acetabular cup can be formed by 3D printing. Specifically, as shown in  FIG. 5 , during manufacturing, a digital model of an artificial acetabular cup is firstly built, which has the same structure as the artificial acetabular cup to be manufactured. Any suitable method known in the art or to be developed can be used to build the above-mentioned digital model of the artificial acetabular cup. Then, the digital model of the artificial acetabular cup will be 3D printed, thereby obtaining the artificial acetabular cup. 
     The inventor further found that the above-mentioned structure of the outer layer of the dome, that is, the structure with spikes distributed on the porous substrate, can also be applied to other orthopedic implants, such as artificial knee joints, wrist joints, elbow joints, finger joints, and condyle joints. Specifically, the present application also develops an orthopedic implant having a porous structure body, which has a substrate and a plurality of spikes. The plurality of spikes protrude from and are distributed on the outer surface of the substrate. The substrate is a porous structure, and its outer surface may be flat, curved or any suitable shape. Preferably, the substrate is a reticulated porous structure. The reticulated porous structure can be obtained by scanning the reticulated artificial foam or the reticulated structure of human bone etc. The spikes may be cones, cylinders, or irregular protrusions etc. The distance D between two adjacent spikes is 300 μm˜1000 μm. The angle between the spike and the outer surface of the substrate is 65°˜110°. 
     The porous structure is made of titanium alloy, pure titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy or stainless steel etc. The porous structure is made by 3D printing. In an embodiment of the present application, the manufacturing method of the orthopedic implant may comprise the following steps: 
     S1 building a digital model of a porous substrate; 
     S2 adding a digital model of a spike to the digital model of the porous substrate, resulting in the digital model of the spike and the digital model of the porous substrate overlapping; 
     S3 arraying the digital model of the spike to obtain a plurality of digital models of the spike; 
     S4 merging the plurality of digital models of the spike obtained by arraying with the digital model of the porous substrate, and then performing 3D printing to obtain the orthopedic implant. 
     The above-mentioned step S1 can be implemented through the following sub-steps: 
     S11 scanning the reticulated artificial foam and saving the scanning results as a digital porous model; 
     S12 editing the digital porous model; 
     S13 assembling the digital porous model to form a digital porous block; 
     S14 editing the digital porous block to obtain a digital model of the porous substrate. 
     Further, the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps: before performing 3D printing, further merging a digital model with a digital model of a porous foam, wherein the porous model is obtained by merging the plurality of digital models of the spike obtained by arraying with the digital model of the substrate. Preferably, the merging of the plurality of digital models of the spike obtained by arraying with the digital model of the substrate is performed by Boolean operation. 
     The above-mentioned manufacturing method of the orthopedic implant may further comprise building a digital model of a solid substrate, further merging a first digital model obtained by merging the plurality of digital models of the spike obtained by arraying with the digital model of the substrate with the digital model of the solid substrate to obtain a second digital model. Next, editing the second digital model to obtain a third digital model with the desired shape of the orthopedic implant. Finally, editing the above-mentioned third digital model to obtain the desired orthopedic implant. The orthopedic implant may be an artificial knee joint, artificial hip joint, wrist joint, elbow joint, finger joint, condyle joint, etc. 
     The orthopedic implant manufactured by the above-mentioned method can match human bones well, promote bone growth, and has a low production cost. 
     The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but it should be understood that, if necessary, aspects of the embodiments can be modified to adopt aspects, features, and concepts of various patents, applications, and publications to provide additional embodiments. 
     Considering the detailed description above, these and other changes can be made to the embodiments. Generally speaking, in the claims, the terms used should not be considered as limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and claims, but should be understood as including all possible embodiments together with all equivalent scope of the claims.