Patent Publication Number: US-2007117814-A1

Title: Fungicidal mixtures

Description:
The present invention relates to fungicidal mixtures comprising, as active components, 
      (1) the triazolopyrimidine derivative of the formula I,  
                 
 
 and 
    (2) dinocap of the formula II consisting of the dinitrophenol derivatives of the formulae IIa and IIb,  
                 
        where n is 0, 1 or 2, 
 
 in a synergistically effective amount. 
   
       

      Moreover, the invention relates to a method for controlling harmful fungi using mixtures of the compound I with the mixed product II and to the use of the compound I with the mixed product II for preparing such mixtures and compositions comprising these mixtures.  
      The compound I, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, its preparation and its action against harmful fungi are known from the literature (WO 98/46607).  
      Mixtures of triazolopyrimidine derivatives with other active compounds are known in a general manner from EP-A 988 790 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,268,371.  
      The synergistic mixtures described in EP-A 988 790 are described as being fungicidally active against various diseases of cereals, fruit and vegetables, in particular mildew on wheat and barley or gray mold on apples.  
      The mixtures described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,268,371 are described as being particularly effective against rice diseases.  
      The mixed product II consisting of the compounds IIa and IIb, 2,6-dinitro-4-octylphenyl crotonate und 2,4-dinitro-6-octylphenyl crotonate, “octyl” being a mixture of 1-methylheptyl, 1-ethylhexyl und 1-propylpentyl, its preparation and its action against harmful fungi are also known from the literature (U.S. Pat. No. 2,526,660 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,810,767; common name: dinocap), and the product has been established in the market as a fungicide against mildew diseases for a long time.  
      The fungicidal action of the known mixtures is not always satisfactory. Unsatisfactory is in particular their action against harmful fungi from the class of the  Oomycetes.    
      Practical agricultural experience has shown that the repeated and exclusive application of an individual active compound in the control of harmful fungi leads in many cases to a rapid selection of fungus strains which have developed natural or adapted resistance against the active compound in question. Effective control of these fungi with the active compound in question is then no longer possible.  
      To reduce the risk of selection of resistant fungus strains, mixtures of different active compounds are nowadays preferably employed for controlling harmful fungi. By combining active compounds having different mechanisms of action, it is possible to ensure a successful control over a relatively long period of time.  
      It is an object of the present invention to provide, with a view to effective resistance management and an effective control of harmful fungi at application rates which are as low as possible, mixtures which, at a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, have a satisfactory effect against the harmful fungi.  
      We have found that this object is achieved by the mixtures defined at the outset. Moreover, we have found that simultaneous, that is joint or separate, application of the compound I and dinocap II or successive application of the compound I and dinocap II allows better control of harmful fungi than is possible with the respective individual components (1) and (2) (synergistic mixtures).  
      The mixtures of the compound I and dinocap of the formula II or the simultaneous, that is joint or separate, use of the compound I and dinocap of the formula II are distinguished by being very highly active against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from the classes of the  Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Oomycetes  and  Basidiomycetes . They can be used in crop protection as foliar- and soil-acting fungicides.  
      They are particularly important in the control of a multitude of fungi on various cultivated plants, such as bananas, cotton, vegetable species (for example cucumbers, beans and cucurbits), barley, grass, oats, coffee, potatoes, corn, fruit species, rice, rye, soya, tomatoes, grapevines, wheat, ornamental plants, sugar cane and a large number of seeds.  
      They are especially suitable for controlling the following phytopathogenic fungi:  Blumeria graminis  (powdery mildew) on cereals,  Erysiphe cichoracearum  and  Sphaerotheca fuliginea  on cucurbits,  Podosphaera leucotricha  on apples,  Uncinula necator  on grapevines,  Puccinia  species on cereals,  Rhizoctonia  species on cotton, rice and lawns,  Ustilago  species on cereals and sugar cane,  Venturia inaequalis  on apples,  Bipolaris  and  Drechslera  species on cereals, rice and lawns,  Septoria nodorum  on wheat,  Botrytis cinerea  on strawberries, vegetables, ornamental plants and grapevines,  Mycosphaerella  species on bananas, peanuts and cereals,  Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides  on wheat and barley,  Pyricularia oryzae  on rice,  Phytophthora infestans  on potatoes and tomatoes,  Pseudoperonospora  species on cucurbits and hops,  Plasmopara viticola  on grapevines,  Alternaria  species on fruit and vegetables and also  Fusarium  and  Verticillium  species.  
      They can also be used in the protection of materials (e.g. the protection of wood), for example against  Paecilomyces variotti.    
      The mixtures according to the invention are particularly suitable for controlling harmful fungi from the class of the  Oomycetes.    
      The biological behavior of  Oomycetes  is clearly different from that of the  Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes  and  Basidiomycetes,  since  Oomycetes  are biologically more closely related to algae than to fungi. Accordingly, what is known about the fungicidal activity of active compounds against “true fungi” such as  Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes  and  Basidiomycetes  can be applied only to a very limited extent to  Oomycetes.    
       Oomycetes  cause economically relevant damage to various crop plants. In many regions, infections by  Phytophthora infestans  in the cultivation of potatoes and tomatoes are the most important plant diseases. In viticulture, considerable damage is caused by peronospora of grapevines.  
      When preparing the mixtures, it is preferred to employ the pure active compound of the formula I and of the formulae IIa and IIb, to which further active compounds against harmful fungi or against other pests, such as insects, arachnids or nematodes, or else herbicidal or growth-regulating active compounds or fertilizers can be added according to need.  
      Other suitable active compounds in the above sense are in particular active compounds selected from the following groups: 
          acylalanines, such as benalaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl,     amine derivates, such as aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropidin, guazatine, iminoctadine, tridemorph,     anilinopyrimidines, such as pyrimethanil, mepanipyrim or cyprodinil,     antibiotics, such as cycloheximid, griseofulvin, kasugamycin, natamycin, polyoxin or streptomycin,     azoles, such as bitertanol, bromoconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, dinitroconazole, enilconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imazalil, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prochloraz, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triflumizol, triticonazole,     dicarboximides, such as myclozolin, procymidone,     dithiocarbamates, such as ferbam, nabam, metam, propineb, polycarbamat, ziram, zineb,     heterocyclic compounds, such as anilazin, boscalid, oxycarboxin, cyazofamid, dazomet, famoxadone, fenamidone, fuberidazole, flutolanil, furametpyr, isoprothiolan, mepronil, nuarimol, probenazole, pyroquilon, silthiofam, thiabendazole, thifluzamid, tiadinil, tricyclazole, triforine,     nitrophenyl derivatives, such as binapacryl, dinobuton, nitrophthal-isopropyl,     other fungicides, such as acibenzolar-S-methyl, carpropamid, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diclomezin, diclocymet, diethofencarb, edifenphos, ethaboxam, fentinacetate, fenoxanil, ferimzone, fosetyl, hexachlorobenzene, metrafenon, pencycuron, propamocarb, phthalid, toloclofos-methyl, quintozene, zoxamid,     strobilurins, such as fluoxastrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin or pyraclostrobin,     sulfenic acid derivatives, such as captafol,     cinnamides and analogous compounds, such as flumetover.        

      In one embodiment of the mixtures according to the invention, a further fungicide III or two fungicides III and IV are added to the compounds I and II. Preference is given to mixtures of the compounds I and II with a component III. Particular preference is given to mixtures of the compounds I and II.  
      The compound I and dinocap of the formula II can be applied simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, or in succession, the sequence, in the case of separate application, generally not having any effect on the result of the control measures.  
      The compound I and dinocap of the formula II are usually applied in a weight ratio of from 100:1 (1:11) to 1:100, preferably from 10:1 to 1:50, in particular from 5:1 to 1:20.  
      The components III and, if appropriate, IV are added if desired in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20 with respect to the compound I.  
      Depending on the type of compound and the desired effect, the application rates of the mixtures according to the invention are from 5 g/ha to 4000 g/ha, preferably from 100 to 1500 g/ha, in particular from 100 to 1000 g/ha.  
      Correspondingly, the application rates for the compound I are generally from 1 to 1000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 750 g/ha, in particular from 20 to 500 kg/ha.  
      Correspondingly, the application rates for dinocap of the formula II are generally from 1 to 3000 g/ha, preferably from 100 to 1500 g/ha, in particular from 100 to 1000 kg/ha.  
      In the treatment of seed, application rates of mixture are generally from 1 to 1000 g/100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 to 200 g/100 kg, in particular from 5 to 100 g/100 kg.  
      In the control of phytopathogenic harmful fungi, the separate or joint application of the compound I and dinocap of the formula II or of the mixtures of the compound I and dinocap of the formula II is carried out by spraying or dusting the seeds, the plants or the soil before or after sowing of the plants or before or after emergence of the plants. The compounds are preferably applied by spraying the leaves.  
      The mixtures according to the invention, or the compound I and dinocap of the formula II, can be converted into the customary formulations, for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules. The use form depends on the particular intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and even distribution of the compound according to the invention.  
      The formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by extending the active compound with solvents and/or carriers, if desired using emulsifiers and dispersants. Solvents/auxiliaries suitable for this purpose are essentially: 
          water, aromatic solvents (for example Solvesso products, xylene), paraffins (for example mineral oil fractions), alcohols (for example methanol, butanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol), ketones (for example cyclohexanone, gamma-butyrolactone), pyrrolidones (NMP, NOP), acetates (glycol diacetate), glycols, fatty acid dimethylamides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters. In principle, solvent mixtures may also be used,     carriers such as ground natural minerals (for example kaolins, clays, talc, chalk) and ground synthetic minerals (for example highly disperse silica, silicates); emulsifiers such as nonionic and anionic emulsifiers (for example polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, alkylsulfonates and arylsulfonates) and dispersants such as lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.        

      Suitable surfactants used are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of lignosulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, dibutyinaphthalenesulfonic acid, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, furthermore condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenyl polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, tristearylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, alcohol and fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.  
      Substances which are suitable for the preparation of directly sprayable solutions, emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions are mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, highly polar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and water.  
      Powders, materials for spreading and dustable products can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grinding the active substances with a solid carrier.  
      Granules, for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to solid carriers. Examples of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.  
      In general, the formulations comprise from 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 90% by weight, of the active compounds. The active compounds are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum). 
    
    
      The following are examples of formulations:  
      1. Products for Dilution with Water  
      A) Water-Soluble Concentrates (SL)  
      10 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in water or in a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetters or other auxiliaries are added. The active compound dissolves upon dilution with water.  
      B) Dispersible Concentrates (DC)  
      20 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in cyclohexanone with addition of a dispersant, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with water gives a dispersion.  
      C) Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC)  
      15 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5% strength). Dilution with water gives an emulsion.  
      D) Emulsions (EW, EO)  
      40 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5% strength). This mixture is introduced into water by means of an emulsifying machine (Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion.  
      E) Suspensions (SC, OD)  
      In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of the active compounds are comminuted with addition of dispersants, wetters and water or an organic solvent to give a fine active compound suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active compound.  
      F) Water-Dispersible Granules and Water-Soluble Granules (WG, SG)  
      50 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground finely with addition of dispersants and wetters and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (for example extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound.  
      G) Water-Dispersible Powders and Water-Soluble Powders (WP, SP)  
      75 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of dispersants, wetters and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound.  
      2. Products to be Applied Undiluted  
      H) Dustable Powders (DP)  
      5 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground finely and mixed intimately with 95% of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable product.  
      I) Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG)  
      0.5 part by weight of the active compounds is ground finely and associated with 95.5% carriers. Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. This gives granules to be applied undiluted.  
      J) ULV Solutions (UL)  
      10 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in an organic solvent, for example xylene. This gives a product to be applied undiluted.  
      The active compounds can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, for example in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions or dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dustable products, materials for spreading, or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading or pouring. The use forms depend entirely on the intended purposes; they are intended to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active compounds according to the invention.  
      Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. However, it is also possible to prepare concentrates composed of active substance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.  
      The active compound concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.0001 to 10%, preferably from 0.01 to 1%.  
      The active compounds may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), it being possible to apply formulations comprising over 95% by weight of active compound, or even to apply the active compound without additives.  
      Oils of various types, wetters, adjuvants, herbicides, fungicides, other pesticides, or bactericides may be added to the active compounds, even, if appropriate, not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents are typically admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of from 1:10 to 10:1.  
      The compounds I and IIa and IIb or the mixtures or the corresponding formulations are applied by treating the harmful fungi, the plants, seeds, soils, areas, materials or spaces to be kept free from them with a fungicidally effective amount of the mixture or, in the case of separate application, of the compounds I and IIa and IIb. Application can be carried out before or after infection by the harmful fungi.  
      The fungicidal action of the compound and of the mixtures can be demonstrated by the following experiments:  
      The active compounds, separately or jointly, were prepared as a stock solution comprising 0.25% by weight of active compound in acetone or DMSO. 1% by weight of the emulsifier Uniperol® EL (wetting agent having emulsifying and dispersant action based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) was added to this solution, and the mixture was diluted with water to the desired concentration.  
      Use example—activity against peronospora of gravevines caused by  Plasmopara viticola    
      Leaves of potted vines were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the concentration of active compound stated below. The next day, the undersides of the leaves were inoculated with an aqueous sproangal suspension of  Plasmopara viticola . The grapevines were then initially placed in a water-vapor-saturated chamber at 24° C. for 48 hours and then in a greenhouse at 20-30° C. for 5 days. After this period of time, the plants were again placed in a humid chamber for 16 hours to promote sporangiophore eruption. The extent of the development of the disease on the undersides of the leaves was then determined visually.  
      The visually determined percentages of infected leaf areas were converted into efficacies in % of the untreated control:  
      The efficacy (E) is calculated as follows using Abbot&#39;s formula: 
 
 E =(1−α/β)·100 
      α corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the treated plants in % and     β corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the untreated (control) plants in %    

      An efficacy of 0 means that the infection level of the treated plants corresponds to that of the untreated control plants; an efficacy of 100 means that the treated plants were not infected.  
      The expected efficacies of mixtures of active compounds were determined using Colby&#39;s formula (Colby, S. R. “Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations”, Weeds, 15, 20-22, 1967) and compared with the observed efficacies.  
      Colby&#39;s formula: 
 
 E=x+y−x·y/ 100 
      E expected efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the mixture of the active compounds A and B at the concentrations a and b     x efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the active compound A at the concentration a    

      y efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the active compound B at the concentration b  
               TABLE A                          individual active compounds                                     Concentration of active               Active   compound in the spray   Efficacy in % of the       Example   compound   liquor [ppm]   untreated control               1   —   control (untreated)   (92% infection)       2   I   16   56       3   II   63   2           (dinocap)   16   2               4   2                  
 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE B 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 mixtures according to the invention 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Mixture of active compounds 
                 Observed 
                 Calculated 
               
               
                 Example 
                 Concentration Mixing ratio 
                 efficacy 
                 efficacy*) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 I + II 
                 84 
                 57 
               
               
                   
                 16 + 4 ppm 
               
               
                   
                 4:1 
               
               
                 5 
                 I + II 
                 84 
                 57 
               
               
                   
                 16 + 16 ppm 
               
               
                   
                 1:1 
               
               
                 6 
                 I + II 
                 89 
                 57 
               
               
                   
                 16 + 63 ppm 
               
               
                   
                 1:4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   *)efficacy calculated using Colby&#39;s formula    
               
            
           
         
       
     
      The results show that for all mixing ratios the observed efficacy of the mixtures according to the invention is considerably higher than that predicted using Colby&#39;s formula.