Patent Publication Number: US-2022231465-A1

Title: Male Connector, Female Connector, Connector Assembly, and Communications Device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2020/120423 filed on Oct. 12, 2020, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201910969960.1 filed on Oct. 12, 2019. The disclosures of the aforementioned applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This application relates to the field of connector technologies, and in particular, to a male connector, a female connector, a connector component, and a communications device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A high-speed connector is a key component of a communications device, and is a basis for improving rates and capacities of all information and communications technology (ICT) devices. As a transmission rate increases, crosstalk between differential pairs within a connector deteriorates. Therefore, improving crosstalk between differential pairs becomes a key problem that needs to be resolved during rate upgrade of the high-speed connector. 
     To resolve a crosstalk problem, a conventional method is to dispose a large quantity of metal shielding sheets on a plastic base to surround as many signal terminals as possible, and ground the metal shielding sheets, so that different differential pairs are separated, and mutual interference between different differential pairs is reduced. 
     The connector in the foregoing structure has a relatively large quantity of parts, the structure is complex, and there are problems of complex processing and poor consistency. In addition, because the plastic base is nearly emptied, mechanical strength is poor. In a mating process, a problem of being damaged due to a reversed pin is easily caused, and 360-degree full shielding cannot be implemented. 
     SUMMARY 
     This application provides a male connector, a female connector, a connector assembly, and a communications device. Compared with a connector in a conventional technology, the connector provided in this application has advantages such as convenient processing, great mechanical strength, and a good shielding effect. 
     According to a first aspect, a male connector is provided, and includes: a male conductive base, where a plurality of first through-holes are disposed on the male conductive base, a plurality of shielding sleeves fastened on the male conductive base and electrically connected to the male conductive base, where the shielding sleeve is in a sleeve-shaped structure, a front-to-back through shielding cavity is formed inside the shielding sleeve, the plurality of shielding sleeves are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first through-holes, and the shielding cavity is connected to a corresponding first through-hole, and a plurality of male differential pairs, where the plurality of male differential pairs are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of shielding sleeves, the male differential pair is fastened in the shielding cavity through the first through-hole, and the male differential pair is electrically insulated from the male conductive base and the shielding sleeve. 
     Both the male conductive base and the shielding sleeve of the male connector provided in this application have a conducting capability, and the male differential pair is fastened inside the first through-hole and the shielding cavity. The male conductive base and the shielding sleeve can entirely bind electromagnetic wave radiation generated by each male differential pair to a corresponding first through-hole and a corresponding shielding cavity, to implement 360-degree full shielding for each male differential pair, so that crosstalk does not occur between different male differential pairs. 
     Compared with a conventional male connector in which a plurality of shielding sheets are disposed on a plastic base, the male connector provided in this application has a simple structure and few parts, and is easy to produce and process. This facilitates a miniaturization design of a product. In this application, the shielding sleeve fastened on the male conductive base is in a sleeve-shaped structure. Compared with a conventional structure in which a plurality of shielding sheets are inserted into a plastic base, the male connector provided in this application has greater mechanical strength, and is not damaged due to a reversed pin in a process of being inserted and mated to a female connector. 
     In a possible design, the male connector further includes an insulated positioning piece, and the male differential pair is fastened in the shielding cavity by using the insulated positioning piece. The insulated positioning piece is made of an insulated material. When the male differential pair is reliably fastened in the shielding cavity, the male differential pair and the shielding sleeve can be separated from each other, so that the male differential pair and the shielding sleeve are electrically insulated. 
     Optionally, for ease of mounting, the insulated positioning piece may be made of an elastic insulated material, such as an elastic rubber material. 
     Optionally, the insulated positioning piece includes two parts that are connected to each other, and the two parts are a terminal retaining portion that is mounted at a front end and an embedded portion that is mounted at a rear end. 
     In a possible design, at least one grounding connection piece is disposed on the male conductive base. Through the foregoing disposing, it can be ensured that the male conductive base is reliably grounded. For example, a plurality of grounding connection pieces may be disposed on a rear end face of a base plate, and the grounding connection pieces can be inserted into an external circuit board. Optionally, the grounding connection piece is in a fish-eye structure. 
     In a possible design, the male conductive base and the shielding sleeve form an integrated structure by using an integrated molding process. Therefore, mechanical strength of the male connector can be improved. 
     In a possible design, the male conductive base and the shielding sleeve are made of a metal material. 
     In a possible design, the male conductive base and the shielding sleeve are made of a non-conductive material doped with conductive particles. 
     In a possible design, the male conductive base and the shielding sleeve each include a non-conductive substrate structure and a conductive layer, and the conductive layer is located on a surface of the non-conductive substrate structure. 
     According to a second aspect, a female connector is provided, and includes: a female conductive base, where a plurality of shielding slots are disposed on the female conductive base, and the shielding slot is in a sleeve-shaped structure, and a plurality of differential modules, where the plurality of differential modules are mounted on the female conductive base, the differential module includes a plurality of female differential pairs, the plurality of female differential pairs are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of shielding slots, a front end portion of the plurality of female differential pair extends into the shielding slot, and the female differential pair is electrically insulated from the female conductive base. 
     The female connector provided in this application includes the female conductive base, and the plurality of shielding slots are formed on the female conductive base. The female conductive base can bind electromagnetic wave radiation generated by a differential pair on each path to the shielding slot, so that crosstalk does not occur between differential pairs on different paths, and therefore signal transmission performance of the connector is improved. 
     In addition, the female conductive base in this application can perform an electromagnetic shielding function. Therefore, no additional shielding part (for example, a metal shielding sheet) needs to be disposed. In this way, a structure of the female connector is simplified, processing difficulty is reduced, and a miniaturization design of a product is facilitated. 
     In a possible design, the female conductive base includes a conductive bezel, a first conductive separator, and a second conductive separator, the first conductive separator and the second conductive separator are located inside the conductive bezel, and the first conductive separator and the second conductive separator are disposed in a cross manner to define the plurality of shielding slots. 
     In a possible design, the female conductive base further includes a conductive positioning baffle, the conductive positioning baffle is disposed inside the female conductive base and is located between the shielding slot and the differential module, second through-holes in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of shielding slots are disposed on the conductive positioning baffle, and the front end portion of the female differential pair extends into the shielding slot through the second through-hole. 
     In a possible design, at least one third conductive separator is disposed on a side face that is of the conductive positioning baffle and that faces the differential module, and the third conductive separator is configured to separate two adjacent differential modules. 
     In a possible design, the differential module further includes a shielding bridge, and a front end portion of the shielding bridge abuts against the conductive positioning baffle. 
     In a possible design, the differential module further includes a terminal supporting portion, and the terminal supporting portion is configured to support the front end portion of the female differential pair, and extends into the shielding slot together with the front end portion of the female differential pair. 
     In a possible design, the female conductive base forms an integrated structure by using an integrated molding process. 
     In a possible design, an elastic clamping piece is disposed on the first conductive separator. 
     In a possible design, the first conductive separator is detachably mounted on the female conductive base. 
     According to a third aspect, a connector assembly is provided, and includes the male connector provided in the first aspect and the female connector provided in the second aspect. 
     According to a fourth aspect, a communications device is provided, and the communications device includes the connector assembly provided in the third aspect. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of an overall assembly structure of a male connector; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of assembling a male connector; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a structure of a male conductive base from an angle of view; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram of a structure of a male conductive base from another angle of view; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of a structure of a shielding sleeve; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a male differential pair is mounted in an insulated positioning piece; 
         FIG. 7  is an exploded diagram of the structure in  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram of an overall assembly structure of a female connector; 
         FIG. 9  is an exploded schematic diagram of a female connector; 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic diagram of a structure of a female conductive base from an angle of view; 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic diagram of a structure of a female conductive base from another angle of view; 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic diagram of a structure of a female conductive base from still another angle of view; 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic diagram of a structure of a first conductive separator; 
         FIG. 14  is an exploded schematic diagram of a female conductive base; 
         FIG. 15  is a schematic diagram of assembling a differential module; 
         FIG. 16  is an exploded schematic diagram of a differential module; 
         FIG. 17  is a schematic diagram of mounting of a female differential pair and a shielding bridge; 
         FIG. 18  is a schematic cross-sectional diagram in which connector assemblies are mated to each other according to this application; and 
         FIG. 19  is a schematic diagram of a communications device according to this application. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS 
     The following describes implementations of this application in detail. Examples of the implementations are shown in the accompanying drawings, where identical or similar reference numerals represent identical or similar elements or elements having identical or similar functions. The following implementations described with reference to the accompanying drawings are examples, and are intended to explain this application only, but cannot be understood as limitations on this application. 
     In the descriptions of this application, it should be understood that terms “first”, “second”, and “third” are merely used for description, and cannot be understood as an indication or implication of relative importance, or an implicit indication of a quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first”, “second”, and “third” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the descriptions of this application, “a plurality of” means two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically limited. 
     In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connection” should be understood broadly. For example, a connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection. Alternatively, a connection may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or may mean mutual communication. Alternatively, a connection may be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or may be a connection between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements. A person of ordinary skill in the art may interpret specific meanings of the foregoing terms in this application according to specific cases. 
     In descriptions of this application, it should be understood that, locations or location relationships indicated by terms “front”, “rear”, “inside”, “outside”, “horizontal”, and the like are locations or location relationships based on mounting, and are merely intended for ease of describing this application and simplifying descriptions, instead of indicating or implying that a mentioned apparatus or element needs to be provided on a specific location or constructed and operated on a specific location, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on this application. 
     In the descriptions of this specification, it should be noted that the term “and/or” is merely an association relationship that describes associated objects, and represents that there may be three relationships. For example, A and/or B may represent three cases: only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists. 
     Embodiments of this application provide a male connector  10  and a female connector  20  that can be used in cooperation with the male connector  10 . Compared with a connector in a conventional technology, the connector provided in this application has advantages such as convenient processing, great mechanical strength, and a good shielding effect. 
     According to a first aspect, an embodiment of this application first provides a male connector  10 , and the male connector  10  is configured to be mounted on an external circuit board, and is configured to interconnect with a corresponding connector (for example, a female connector  20  provided in the following second aspect) to transmit a signal. The male connector in this application may also be referred to as a pin connector, a plug connector, a daughter board connector, or the like. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of an overall assembly structure of the male connector  10  provided in this application.  FIG. 2  is an exploded schematic diagram of the male connector  10  provided in this application. As shown in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the male connector  10  includes a male conductive base  11 , a plurality of shielding sleeves  12 , and a plurality of male differential pairs  14 . 
     A plurality of first through-holes  110  are disposed on the male conductive base  11 . 
     The plurality of shielding sleeves  12  are fastened on the male conductive base  11 , and are electrically connected to the male conductive base  11 . The shielding sleeve  12  is in a sleeve-shaped structure. A front-to-back through shielding cavity  120  is formed inside the shielding sleeve  12 . The plurality of shielding sleeves  12  are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first through-holes  110 . The shielding cavity  120  is connected to a corresponding first through-hole  110 . 
     The plurality of male differential pairs  14  are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of shielding sleeves  12 . The male differential pair  14  is fastened in the shielding cavity  120  through the first through-hole  110 . The male differential pair  14  is electrically insulated from the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12 . 
     Specifically, compared with a conventional base such as a plastic base that does not have a conducting capability, the male conductive base n 1  in this application has the conducting capability, that is, has a function of shielding electromagnetic wave radiation. The plurality of first through-holes no are formed on the male conductive base  11 . When the male differential pairs  14  are located in the first through-holes  110 , the male conductive base  11  can shield electromagnetic waves generated by the male differential pairs  14  in the first through-holes  110 . 
     In addition, the shielding sleeve  12  in this application also has the conducting capability, that is, has the function of shielding electromagnetic wave radiation. The shielding sleeve  12  is in the sleeve-shaped structure, and the front-to-back through shielding cavity  120  is formed inside the shielding sleeve  12 . When the male differential pair  14  is disposed in the shielding cavity  120 , the shielding sleeve  12  can also shield an electromagnetic wave generated by the male differential pair  14  in each shielding cavity  120 . 
     The plurality of shielding sleeves  12  are all fastened on the male conductive base  11 , and the shielding sleeves  12  are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the first through-holes no, so that the shielding cavity  120  is connected to the corresponding first through-hole no, and the male differential pair  14  can extend into the shielding cavity  120  through the first through-hole no. In other words, space formed by the first through-hole no and the shielding cavity  120  that are connected to each other may be used to mount the male differential pair  14 . 
     The plurality of male differential pairs  14  are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of shielding sleeves  12 , and each male differential pair  14  is fastened in the shielding cavity  120  through the first through-hole  110 . In addition, to shield the male differential pair  14 , the male differential pair  14  in this application is electrically insulated from the male conductive base n 1  and the shielding sleeve  12 . 
     In this application, the plurality of shielding sleeves  12  are all electrically connected to the male conductive base  11 . According to the foregoing disposing, a connection location between the shielding sleeve  12  and the male conductive base  11  can also shield the male differential pair  14 , to prevent an electromagnetic wave generated by the male differential pair  14  from being leaked through the connection location, and in addition, the shielding sleeve  12  is electrically connected to the male conductive base  11 , so that the shielding sleeve  12  can be grounded by using the male conductive base  11 . In this way, it is ensured that the male connector  10  has reliable working performance. 
     Based on this embodiment of this application, both the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12  of the male connector  10  have the conducting capability, and the male differential pair  14  is fastened in the first through-hole no and the shielding cavity  120 . The male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12  can entirely bind electromagnetic wave radiation generated by each male differential pair  14  to a corresponding first through-hole no and a corresponding shielding cavity  120 , to implement 360-degree full shielding for each male differential pair  14 , so that crosstalk does not occur between different male differential pairs  14 . 
     Compared with a conventional male connector in which a plurality of shielding sheets are disposed on a plastic base, the male connector  10  provided in this application has a simple structure and few parts, and is easy to produce and process. This facilitates a miniaturization design of a product. In this application, the shielding sleeve fastened on the male conductive base is in a sleeve-shaped structure. Compared with a conventional structure in which a plurality of shielding sheets are inserted into a plastic base, the male connector provided in this application has greater mechanical strength, and is not damaged due to a reversed pin in a process of being inserted and mated to a female connector. 
     A specific structure of the male connector  10  provided in this embodiment is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a structure of the male conductive base  11  from an angle of view.  FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram of a structure of the male conductive base  11  from another angle of view. As shown in  FIG. 3 , in this embodiment of this application, the entire male conductive base n 1  is in a U-shaped plate structure, and includes two opposite vertical plates  112  and a base plate  111  connecting the two vertical plates  112 . During insertion and cooperation with a female connector, the female connector can be inserted into an opening of the U-shaped plate structure, and the two vertical plates  112  can be used to limit and support the female connector. 
     In another embodiment, the male conductive base  11  may alternatively be in another structure. For example, the male conductive base  11  does not include the vertical plates  112 , or includes only one vertical plate  112 . This is not limited in this application. 
     To implement reliable insertion and cooperation with the female connector, at least one positioning slot  113  may be disposed on an inner side face (that is, a side face facing an inner side of the U-shaped plate structure) of the vertical plate  112 . The positioning slot  113  adapts to a positioning block of the female connector, and is configured to accommodate the positioning block. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2  to  FIG. 4 , the plurality of first through-holes no are disposed on the base plate in, and the base plate in is configured to mount the shielding sleeves  12 . The plurality of shielding sleeves  12  may be disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of through-holes  110 , so that the first through-hole  110  and the shielding cavity  120  can be interconnected. In this way, the male differential pair  14  can extend into the shielding cavity  120  through the first through-hole  110 . 
     The through-hole  110  penetrates the base plate  111 , and the shielding sleeve  12  may be fastened on a front end face (that is, a side face facing the inner side of the U-shaped plate structure) of the base plate  111 , so that the male differential pair  14  can be inserted into the first through-hole  110  from a rear end face (that is, a side face away from the inner side of the U-shaped plate structure) of the base plate  111 , and is fastened in the shielding cavity  120  through the first through-hole  110 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2  to  FIG. 4 , the plurality of first through-holes  110  may be arranged in a form of an array, so that the shielding sleeves  12  corresponding to the first through-holes  110  are also arranged in a form of an array. In another embodiment, the plurality of first through-holes  110  may alternatively be arranged in another manner. This is not limited in this application. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , to enable the male conductive base  11  to be reliably grounded, at least one grounding connection piece may be disposed on the male conductive base  11 . For example, a plurality of grounding connection pieces  114  may be disposed on the rear end face of the base plate  111 , and the grounding connection piece  114  can be inserted into an external circuit board. Optionally, the grounding connection piece  114  is in a fish-eye structure. 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of a structure of the shielding sleeve  12 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , the shielding sleeve  12  is in a sleeve-shaped structure, and has a peripheral wall  121  in a 360-degree closed shape in a circumferential direction. The peripheral wall  121  defines a hollow front-to-back through shielding cavity  120 . 
     The shielding sleeve  12  further includes a rear end portion  122  and a front end portion  123 . The rear end portion  122  and the front end portion  123  each have an opening (that is, openings of the shielding cavity  120 ). The rear end portion  122  is connected to the base plate  11 , and is configured to fasten the shielding sleeve  12  on the male conductive base  11 , and the opening of the front end portion  123  is used for insertion of the female differential pair of the female connector, and reliable lapping of the male differential pair  14 . For ease of insertion and cooperation, a chamfer may be opened on the front end portion  123  of the shielding sleeve  12 . The chamfer may perform a correction function when there is a mismatch in an initial period of mating between the male connector and the female connector, and may also guide the female differential pair to smoothly enter the shielding cavity  120 . 
     It is easy to understand that a height of the shielding sleeve  12  needs to match a length of the male differential pair  14 . In one aspect, it needs to be ensured that the male differential pair  14  can entirely surround the male differential pair  14  in a circumferential direction after the male differential pair  14  is correctly mounted in the shielding cavity  120 . In other words, in this case, the height of the shielding sleeve  12  needs to be greater than or equal to a length of a part that is of the male differential pair  14  and that extends into the shielding cavity  120 . In another aspect, the shielding sleeve  12  further needs to ensure that a female deferential pair can reliably abut against the male differential pair  14  after the female deferential pair is normally inserted into the shielding sleeve  12 . In other words, in this case, a part that is of the shielding sleeve  12  and that exceeds the male differential pair  14  should not be excessively long. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 2 , and  FIG. 5 , a cross section of the shielding sleeve  12  is a rectangle, and the entire shielding sleeve  12  forms a rectangular block structure. In another embodiment, the cross section of the shielding sleeve  12  may alternatively be in another shape. For example, the shielding sleeve  12  may be circular or oval, so that the entire shielding sleeve  12  forms a cylindrical structure. This is not limited in this application. 
     Optionally, to improve mechanical strength of the shielding sleeve  12 , the shielding sleeve  12  may form an integrated structure by using an integrated molding process. 
     To reliably fasten the male differential pair  14  inside the shielding sleeve  12  and ensure electrical insulation between the male differential pair  14  and the shielding sleeve  12 , the male connector  10  provided in this embodiment further includes an insulated positioning piece  15 , and the male differential pair  14  may be fastened in the shielding cavity  120  by using the insulated positioning piece  15 . 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the male differential pair  14  is mounted in the insulated positioning piece  15 .  FIG. 7  is an exploded diagram of the structure in  FIG. 6 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6  and  FIG. 7 , the male differential pair  14  includes two signal terminals, and each signal terminal includes a first elastic contact portion  141  at a front end and a first mounting portion  142  at a rear end. The first elastic contact portion  141  is configured to be reliably lapped on the female differential pair. Because the male connector  10  is mounted on a circuit board by using the first mounting portion  142 , a differential signal is transmitted by using the first mounting portion  142 , and the differential signal is transmitted to the female connector by using the first elastic contact portion  141 . 
     The insulated positioning piece  15  is made of an insulated material. When the male differential pair  14  is reliably fastened in the shielding cavity  120 , the male differential pair  14  and the shielding sleeve  12  can be separated from each other, so that the male differential pair  14  and the shielding sleeve  12  are electrically insulated. 
     Optionally, for ease of mounting, the insulated positioning piece  15  may be made of an elastic insulated material, such as an elastic rubber material. 
     In this embodiment of this application, the insulated positioning piece  15  includes two parts that are connected to each other, and the two parts are a terminal retaining portion  151  that is mounted at a front end and an embedded portion  152  that is mounted at a rear end. 
     The male differential pair  14  may be attached to a surface of the terminal retaining portion  151  after passing through the embedded portion  152  (for example, in a hard interference manner). The terminal retaining portion  151  can support and fasten the male differential pair  14 . 
     Optionally, a positioning groove  153  is further disposed on the surface of the terminal retaining portion  151 , and the male differential pair  14  may be embedded into the positioning groove  153  after passing through the embedded portion  152 , so that a better fastening effect can be implemented for the male differential pair  14 , and a reliable connection between the male differential pair  14  and the female differential pair can be ensured. 
     It is easy to understand that the insulated positioning piece  15  needs to adapt to a size of the first through-hole  110  and a size of the shielding cavity  120 . For example, a size of the insulated positioning piece  15  may be slightly greater than the size of the first through-hole  110 , and the embedded portion  152  may be embedded into the first through-hole  110  through interference fitting. 
     A specific structure of the male connector  10  is described in detail above. Texture of material and a manufacturing process that are of the male connector  10  are further described below. 
     Both the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12  in this application have a conducting capability. Optionally, at least one of the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeves  12  may be made of a metal material. For example, the metal material may include at least one of materials such as copper, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and copper alloy. 
     Optionally, at least one of the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12  may be made of a non-conductive material doped with conductive particles. For example, graphite powder (or metal powder) of a specific concentration may be added to insulated plastics to manufacture the male conductive base  11  and/or the shielding sleeve  12  with the conducting capability. 
     Optionally, at least one of the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12  may be formed by disposing a conductive layer on a surface after making an ideal contour from a non-conductive material. For example, after an ideal contour is made from insulated plastics, a conductive layer may be formed on a surface by using a process such as electroplating or spraying, and finally, the male conductive base  11  and/or the shielding sleeve  12  with the conducting capability are/is manufactured. 
     While fastening the shielding sleeve  12  to the male conductive base  11 , a reliable electrical connection between the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12  also needs to be ensured. Optionally, the shielding sleeve  12  may be fastened on the male conductive base  11  by using a means such as welding, clamping, screw connection, or conductive adhesive bonding. 
     To further improve the mechanical strength of the male connector  10 , in this embodiment of this application, the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12  may form an integrated structure in an integrated molding manner. 
     Optionally, the foregoing integrated molding manner may be direct metal molding. 
     For example, the foregoing integrated structure obtained through integrated molding may be manufactured by using a powder metallurgy process by using metal powder. In this case, the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12  have a conducting capability, and both the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12  can also meet an electrical connection requirement. In addition, the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12  are molded into an integrated structure by using an integrated molding process, so that a quantity of parts can be reduced, and the mechanical strength of the male connector  10  can be significantly improved. 
     In addition, the integrated structure may alternatively be manufactured by using another process such as casting. This is not limited in this application. 
     Optionally, the foregoing integrated structure may alternatively be manufactured by using an integrated molding process by using a non-conductive material doped with conductive particles. 
     For example, graphite powder (or metal powder) of a specific concentration may be added to insulated plastic, and finally, the foregoing integrated structure is manufactured by using the integrated molding process. 
     Optionally, a non-conductive substrate structure with an ideal contour may be manufactured by using the integrated molding process, and then a conductive layer is disposed on a surface (including an inner surface and an outer surface) of the non-conductive substrate structure by using a process such as electroplating or spraying. Finally, the male conductive base  11  and the shielding sleeve  12  with the conducting capability are formed. 
     According to another aspect, an embodiment of this application first provides a female connector  20 , and the female connector  20  is configured to be mounted on an external circuit board, and is configured to be inserted into a corresponding connector (for example, the male connector  10  provided in the first aspect above) to transmit a signal. The female connector in this application may also be referred to as a pin connector, a socket connector, a mother board connector, or the like. 
       FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram of an overall assembly structure of the female connector  20  provided in this application.  FIG. 9  is an exploded schematic diagram of the female connector  20  provided in this application. As shown in  FIG. 8  and  FIG. 9 , the female connector  20  includes a female conductive base  21  and a plurality of differential modules  22 . 
     A plurality of shielding slots  210  are formed on the female conductive base  21 , and the shielding slot is in a sleeve-shaped structure. 
     The plurality of differential modules  22  are mounted on the female conductive base  21 . The differential module  22  includes a plurality of female differential pairs  220 . The plurality of female differential pairs  220  are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of shielding slots  210 . A front end of the female differential pair  220  extends into the shielding slot  210 . The female differential pair  220  is electrically insulated from the female conductive base  21 . 
     Specifically, as shown in  FIG. 8  and  FIG. 9 , the female connector  20  in this application includes the female conductive base  21 . The female conductive base  21  has a conducting capability, that is, has a function of shielding electromagnetic wave radiation. The plurality of shielding slots  210  are formed on a fitting surface on which the female conductive base  21  is inserted into and engaged with a male connector. The shielding slot  210  is in a sleeve-shaped structure and extends to an inner side of the female conductive base  21 . 
     The plurality of differential modules  22  are horizontally disposed in a stack, and are fastened on the female conductive base  21 . Each differential module  22  includes a plurality of female differential pairs  220 . The plurality of female differential pairs  220  of the plurality of differential modules  22  are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of shielding slots  210 , and a front end of the female differential pair  220  extends into the shielding slot  210 . Because the female conductive base  21  in this application has a conducting capability, the female connector  20  in this application further needs to ensure that the female differential pair  220  is electrically insulated from the female conductive base  21 . 
     The female connector  20  in this application can be used in cooperation with the foregoing male connector  10 . Specifically, the shielding slot  210  and the shielding sleeve  12  adapts to each other, and the shielding sleeves  12  are in one-to-one correspondence with the shielding slots  210 . The shielding sleeve  12  can be inserted into the shielding slot  210 , and after the shielding sleeve  12  is inserted into the shielding slot  210 , the front end that is of the female differential pair  220  and that is in the shielding slot  210  can also be inserted into the shielding sleeve  12 , and abuts against a front end portion (that is, the first elastic contact portion  141 ) that is of the male differential pair  14  and that is in the shielding sleeve  12 , to transmit a differential signal. 
     The female connector  20  provided in this application includes a female conductive base  21 . The plurality of shielding slots  210  are formed on the female conductive base  21 , and the female conductive base  21  can bind electromagnetic wave radiation generated by a differential pair on each path to the shielding slot  210 , so that crosstalk does not occur between differential pairs on different paths, and therefore signal transmission performance of the connector is improved. 
     In addition, the female conductive base  21  in this application can perform an electromagnetic shielding function. Therefore, no additional shielding part (for example, a metal shielding sheet) needs to be disposed. In this way, a structure of the female connector  20  is simplified, processing difficulty is reduced, and a miniaturization design of a product is facilitated. 
     A specific structure of the female connector  20  is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG. 10  is a schematic diagram of a structure of the female conductive base  21  from an angle of view.  FIG. 11  is a schematic diagram of a structure of the female conductive base  21  from another angle of view.  FIG. 12  is a schematic diagram of a structure of the female conductive base  21  from still another angle of view. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10  to  FIG. 12 , in this embodiment of this application, the female conductive base  21  includes a conductive bezel  211 , at least one first conductive separator  212 , and at least one second conductive separator  213 . 
     The conductive bezel  211  is in a 360-degree closed shape in a circumferential direction, to define inner space of the female conductive base  21 . The first conductive separator  212  and the second conductive separator  213  are located inside the conductive bezel  211 , and the first conductive separator  212  and the second conductive separator  213  are disposed in a cross manner to define the plurality of shielding slots  210 . In other words, the first conductive separator  212  and the second conductive separator  213  are disposed in a cross manner, so that the inner space of the female conductive base  21  is separated into a plurality of pieces of space, to form the plurality of shielding slots  210 . 
     It is easy to understand that a shape of the conductive bezel  211  and a shape of the base plate in of the male conductive base  11  need to adapt to each other, to ensure that the male connector and the female connector mate with each other. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10  to  FIG. 12 , there may be a plurality of first conductive separators  212  in this application, and the plurality of first conductive separators  212  are parallel to each other. Similarly, there may also be a plurality of second conductive separators  213 , and the plurality of second conductive separators  213  are parallel to each other. The conductive bezel  211  in this application is in a rectangular shape, and the first conductive separator  212  and the second conductive separator  213  are perpendicular to each other, to define a plurality of shielding slots  210  whose cross sections are rectangles. 
       FIG. 13  is a schematic diagram of a structure of the first conductive separator  212 . As shown in  FIG. 13 , for convenience of grounding, at least one elastic clamping piece  2120  is further disposed on the first conductive separator  212  in this embodiment of this application. After the shielding sleeve  12  is inserted into the shielding slot  210 , the elastic clamping piece  2120  can abut against the shielding sleeve  12 , so that the shielding sleeve  12  and the first conductive separator  212  are reliably electrically connected, in other words, a reliable electrical connection between the male conductive base  11  and the female conductive base  21  is ensured. In this way, it is convenient to ground the male conductive base  11  and the female conductive base  21 . 
     Optionally, for ease of processing, the first conductive separator  212  may be detachably mounted on the female conductive base  21 . In other words, the first conductive separator  212  may be separately manufactured and then mounted on the female conductive base  21 . 
       FIG. 14  is an exploded schematic diagram of the female conductive base  21 . As shown in  FIG. 13  and  FIG. 14 , the first conductive separator  212  has an insertion side  2121 , and a chamfer is disposed on the insertion side  2121 . Correspondingly, a separator slot  2130  is disposed on the bezel  211  and the second conductive separator  213 , and the separator slot  2130  matches a thickness of the first conductive separator  212 . During assembly, the insertion side  2121  of the first conductive separator  212  may be inserted into the separator slot  2130  as a front end portion. 
     Optionally, to facilitate insertion and cooperation, at least one positioning block  215  is further disposed on an outer side of the conductive bezel  211 . The positioning block  215  can be used in cooperation with the positioning slot  113  of the male connector  10  to perform better positioning during insertion and cooperation. 
     Optionally, a chamfer may be disposed at a front end of the positioning block  215 , to further improve insertion and cooperation efficiency. 
     Optionally, a pair of limiting plates  216  are further disposed at a rear part of the conductive bezel  211 , and the limiting plates  216  are disposed relative to each other, to more reliably fasten the differential module  22  on the female conductive base  21 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 ,  FIG. 12 , and  FIG. 14 , the female conductive base  21  further includes a conductive positioning baffle  214 . The conductive positioning baffle  214  is disposed inside the female conductive base  21  and is located between the shielding slot  210  and the differential module  22 . Second through-holes  2140  in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of shielding slots  210  are disposed on the conductive positioning baffle  214 . A front end of the female differential pair  220  extends into the shielding slot  210  through the second through-hole  2140 . 
     During insertion and cooperation, the conductive positioning baffle  214  can be configured to abut against the shielding sleeve  12 , to position the shielding sleeve  12 . In addition, the conductive positioning baffle  214  has a conducting capability, that is, has a function of shielding electromagnetic wave radiation. The conductive positioning baffle  214  may perform electromagnetic shielding on a part (or a part in the second through hole  2140 ) that is of the female differential pair  220  and that is located between the differential module  22  and the shielding slot  210 , so that mutual crosstalk between different differential pairs is reduced, and transmission performance of the female connector  20  is improved. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11  and  FIG. 14 , to further improve a shielding effect, the shielding slot  210  may abut against the conductive positioning baffle  214 . Specifically, the conductive positioning baffle  214  may abut against the first conductive separator  212  and the second conductive separator  213 , to define the shielding slot  210  jointly with the first conductive separator  212 , the second conductive separator  213 , and the conductive positioning baffle  214 , so that electromagnetic wave radiation does not leak out of a gap between the shielding slot  210  and the conductive positioning baffle  214 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , to better mount and fasten the differential module  22 , and also to improve a shielding effect, in this embodiment of this application, at least one third conductive separator  217  is further disposed on a side face that is of the conductive positioning baffle  214  and that faces the differential module  22 , and the third conductive separator  217  is configured to separate two adjacent differential modules  22 . During assembly, the third conductive separator  217  may perform a positioning function, and only the differential module  22  needs to be inserted into a recess formed by two adjacent third conductive separators  217  (or the bezel and the third conductive separator  217 ). In addition, the third conductive separator  217  also has an electromagnetic shielding function, so that mutual crosstalk between two adjacent differential modules  22  can be reduced. 
     A specific structure of the differential module  22  in this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG. 15  is a schematic diagram of assembling the differential module  22 .  FIG. 16  is an exploded schematic diagram of the differential module  22 . As shown in  FIG. 15  and  FIG. 16 , the differential module  22  includes a female differential pair  220 , a shielding bridge  221 , an insulated sleeve  222 , a first shielding plate  223 , and a second shielding plate  224 . 
     The insulated sleeve  222  is made of an insulated material (such as rubber), and is configured to mount the female differential pair  220 , the shielding bridge  221 , the first shielding plate  223 , and the second shielding plate  224 . The shielding bridge  221  can be electrically conductive, has an electromagnetic shielding function, and performs a shielding function between two adjacent differential pairs. The first shielding plate  223  and the second shielding plate  224  also have an electromagnetic shielding function, and are mainly configured to perform a shielding function between two adjacent differential modules  22 . 
     A mounting groove  2220  is disposed on the insulated sleeve  222 . The female differential pair  220  and the shielding bridge  221  may be disposed in the mounting groove  2220  in an interleaved manner, and the female differential pair  220  and the shielding bridge  221  are electrically insulated. 
     After the female differential pair  220  and the shielding bridge  221  are fastened in the mounting groove  2220 , a height of the shielding bridge  221  is higher than a height of the female differential pair  220 , the first shielding plate  223  covers the female differential pair  220  and the shielding bridge  221 , and the second shielding plate  224  is disposed on the other side of the insulated sleeve  222  and is opposite to the first shielding plate  223 . 
     The first shielding plate  223  is electrically connected to the shielding bridge  221  because the height of the shielding bridge  221  is higher than the height of the female differential pair  220 . Therefore, a shielding cavity is formed by using the first shielding plate  223 , the second shielding plate  224 , and two adjacent shielding bridges  221 , and the shielding cavity includes a differential pair  220 , so that 360-degree full shielding can be implemented for the differential pair  220 . 
     Optionally, the first shielding plate  223  and the second shielding plate  224  may be fastened on the insulated sleeve  222  through clamping. 
     Optionally, the mounting groove  2220  matches the female deferential pair  220  or the shielding bridge  221 , and the female deferential pair  220  or the shielding bridge  221  may be fastened on the insulated sleeve  222  through embedding. 
       FIG. 17  is a schematic diagram of mounting of the female differential pair  220  and the shielding bridge  221 . As shown in  FIG. 17 , the female differential pair  220  and the shielding bridge  221  may be mounted on the insulated sleeve  222  in an interleaved manner, and one shielding bridge  221  is disposed between two adjacent female differential pairs  220 . 
     The female differential pair  220  may include a second elastic contact portion  2201  (that is, the foregoing front end portion) and a second mounting portion  2202 . The second elastic contact portion  2201  may extend into the shielding slot  210  through the second through-hole  2140 . Further, after insertion and mating are completed, the second elastic contact portion  2201  may extend into the shielding sleeve  12  and come into contact with the first elastic contact portion  141  of the male differential pair  12 , to transmit a differential signal. The second mounting portion  2202  is connected to an external device (for example, a circuit board), and is configured to transmit a differential signal. 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , to reliably dispose the second elastic contact portion  2201  in the shielding slot  210 , and to ensure that the second elastic contact portion  2201  is electrically insulated from the shielding slot  210 , the insulated sleeve  222  further includes a terminal supporting portion  2221 , and the terminal supporting portion  2221  is configured to support the second elastic contact portion  2201 , and extends into the shielding slot  210  together with the second elastic contact portion  2201 . 
     Optionally, a chamfer is disposed at a front end portion of the terminal supporting portion  2221 , and when being mated to male differential pairs, the chamfer can serve as a guide. 
       FIG. 17  also shows a specific structure of the shielding bridge  221 . The shielding bridge  221  in this application includes a third elastic contact portion  2211  and a third mounting portion  2212  that are located at the front end portion. The third elastic contact portion  2211  is used to abut against a conductive positioning baffle  214 , and the third mounting portion  2212  is used to be connected to an external device (such as a PCB) to be grounded. 
     The female connector  20  provided in this embodiment of this application may successively bind electromagnetic wave radiation generated by differential pairs to shielding space formed by using the shielding slot  210 , the second through-hole  2140 , the third conductive separator  215 , and the shielding bridge  221  and shielding space formed by using the first shielding plate  223 , the second shielding plate  224 , and the shielding bridge  221 , so that 360-degree full shielding for the differential pairs can be implemented on an entire transmission path. In this way, it is ensured that crosstalk does not occur between different differential pairs, and use performance of the connector is improved. 
     To further improve mechanical strength of the female connector  20 , in this embodiment of this application, the female conductive base  21  may form an integrated structure in an integrated molding manner. 
     Optionally, the foregoing integrated molding manner may be direct metal molding. 
     For example, the integrated female conductive base  21  may be manufactured by using a powder metallurgy process by using metal powder. The female conductive base  21  is formed integrally, so that a quantity of parts can be reduced, and the mechanical strength of the female connector  20  can be significantly improved. 
     In addition, the integrated female conductive base  21  may alternatively be manufactured by using another process such as casting. This is not limited in this application. 
     Optionally, the female conductive base  21  may alternatively be manufactured by using an integrated molding process by using a non-conductive material doped with conductive particles. 
     For example, graphite powder (or metal powder) of a specific concentration may be added to insulated plastic, and finally, the foregoing integrated structure is manufactured by using the integrated molding process. 
     Optionally, a non-conductive substrate structure with an ideal contour may be manufactured by using the integrated molding process, and then a conductive layer is disposed on a surface (including an inner surface and an outer surface) of the non-conductive substrate structure by using a process such as electroplating or spraying. Finally, the female conductive base  21  with a conducting capability is formed. 
     According to another aspect, this application further provides a connector assembly.  FIG. 18  is a schematic cross-sectional diagram in which connector assemblies are mated to each other according to this application. As shown in  FIG. 18 , the connector assembly includes the foregoing male connector  10  and the foregoing female connector  20 . The male connector  10  is mated to the female connector  20 . For specific structural features of the male connector  10  and the female connector  20 , refer to the foregoing descriptions of the detailed structural features. Details are not described herein again. 
     In  FIG. 18 , a positioning block  215  of the female connector  20  is inserted into a positioning slot  113  of the male connector  10 , and a shielding sleeve  12  of the male connector  10  is inserted into a shielding slot  210  of the female connector  20 . A front end portion (that is, a second elastic contact portion  2201 ) that is of the female differential pair  220  and that is in the shielding slot  210  can also be inserted into the shielding sleeve  12 , and abuts against a front end portion (that is, a first elastic contact portion  141 ) that is of the male differential pair  14  and that is in the shielding sleeve  12 , to transmit a differential signal. A terminal retaining portion  151  and a terminal supporting portion  2221  can be used to ensure reliable lapping between the first elastic contact portion  141  and the second elastic contact portion  2201 , and also ensure that the differential pair can be electrically insulated from the shielding sleeve  12 . 
     According to another aspect, this application further provides a communications device. The communications device includes the connector assembly provided in the foregoing embodiment shown in  FIG. 18 , that is, includes the male connector  10  and the female connector  20 . 
       FIG. 19  is a schematic diagram of a communications device according to this application. In  FIG. 19 , the communications device further includes a first circuit board  30  and a second circuit board  40 . The male connector  10  is connected to an interface of the first circuit board  30 , the female connector  20  is connected to an interface of the second circuit board  40 , and the male connector  10  is mated to the female connector  20 , so that a differential signal can be transmitted between the first circuit board  30  and the second circuit board  40 . 
     Optionally, the first circuit board  30  and the second circuit board  40  may be printed circuit boards (PCB). 
     Crosstalk does not occur between different deferential pairs of the male connector  10  and the female connector  20  provided in this application. This helps improve communication performance of the communications device and reduce radiation of the communications device. 
     The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of this application, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.