Patent Publication Number: US-2021169753-A1

Title: Non-spherical microcapsule

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to non-spherical microcapsule. In particular, the present invention is related to a microcapsule comprising benefit agent and water-insolvable solid particle, wherein the microcapsule has an aspect ratio of from 3:1 to 12:1 and the weight ratio of the particle to the benefit agent is 1:5 to 50:1. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Many home care and personal care products seek to deliver benefit agents to substrates such as textiles, hard surfaces, hair and skin. To achieve a long-lasting benefit agent release performance, encapsulation of the benefit agent in microcapsule has been proposed as a means, in particular for the perfume. When applied, the microcapsules may be deposition onto the substrates, for example onto clothes, and broken by action of pressure and/or rubbing when consumers get dressed. The perfume is released and brings superior sensory to the consumers. 
     However, there is still much room for improvement from many aspects. One aspect is to improve the efficiency of the deposition of encapsulation microcapsules. Deposition aid is one way to improve the deposition efficiency. The use of deposition aids is however not always desired. 
     In addition, the ingredients in the home care or person care products, may affect the deposition efficiency of the microcapsules when the microcapsules are incorporated into the products. Therefore, we have recognized that there is a need to develop microcapsules with improved deposition efficiency onto skin even when they are included into the products. We developed microcapsule comprising benefit agent and water-insolvable solid particle, wherein the microcapsule has an aspect ratio of from 3:1 to 12:1 and the weight ratio of the particle to the benefit agent is 1:5 to 50:1. It was surprisingly found that the such microcapsules have improved deposition efficiency even when they were included into skin cleansing composition. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to a microcapsule comprising benefit agent and water-insolvable solid particle, wherein the microcapsule has an aspect ratio of from 3:1 to 12:1 and the weight ratio of the particle to the benefit agent is 1:5 to 50:1, where aspect ratio means the ratio of the length to width of the microcapsule as measured by optical microscopy, where length refers to the longest measurable distance of the microcapsule in the optical image and width refers to the longest measurable distance of the microcapsule along the direction perpendicular to the length of the microcapsule in the optical image, and where water-insolvable refers to a material that dissolves in water to give a solution with a concentration of less than 1 gram per litre, wherein, 
     the water-insolvable solid particle comprises a plurality of pores throughout the particles and the benefit agent is encapsulated inside the pores. 
     In a second aspect, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing microcapsule of the present invention comprising steps of (a) dissolving the water-insolvable solid and benefit agent in an organic solvent which is miscible in water; and (b) addition of water to the mixture of step (a), wherein the amount of water is at a weight ratio between 10:1 to 1:5 based on the amount of the organic solvent. 
     In a third aspect, the present invention is directed to a home or personal care composition comprising microcapsules of the present invention. 
     All other aspects of the present invention will more readily become apparent upon considering the detailed description and examples which follow. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Except in the examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in this description indicating amounts of material or conditions of reaction, physical properties of materials and/or use may optionally be understood as modified by the word “about”. 
     All amounts are by weight of the composition, unless otherwise specified. 
     It should be noted that in specifying any range of values, any particular upper value can be associated with any particular lower value. 
     For the avoidance of doubt, the word “comprising” is intended to mean “including” but not necessarily “consisting of” or “composed of”. In other words, the listed steps or options need not be exhaustive. 
     The disclosure of the invention as found herein is to be considered to cover all embodiments as found in the claims as being multiply dependent upon each other irrespective of the fact that claims may be found without multiple dependency or redundancy. 
     “Aspect ratio” as used herein refers to the ratio of the length to width of the microcapsule. Both length and width may be measured by optical microscopy, for example Leica DM2500P. “Length” as used herein refers to the longest measurable distance of the microcapsule in the optical image. “Width” as used herein refers to the longest measurable distance of the microcapsule along the direction perpendicular to the length of the microcapsule in the optical image. 
     “Water-solvable” as used herein refers to a material that dissolves in water to give a solution with a concentration of at least 1 gram per litre. “Water-insolvable” as used herein refers to a material that dissolves in water to give a solution with a concentration of less than 1 gram per litre. 
     The microcapsules may have any non-spherical shape, for example elongated or rod-like or ellipsoid-like. It is preferable that the particle is ellipsoid or rod in shape and more preferably rod in shape. The microcapsule preferably has an aspect ratio of from 3:1 to 9:1, more preferably from 3:1 to 7:1, even more preferably from 4:1 to 7:1, and still even more preferably from 4.5:1 to 6.5:1. 
     The microcapsule has an average length of 0.5 to 100 μm, more preferably from 1 to 65 μm, even more preferably from 3 to 50 μm, still even more preferably from 7 to 35 μm and most preferably from 12 to 25 μm. 
     Preferably, the water-insolvable solid particle comprises lipid material, inorganic material for example calcium carbonate, polymer or a mixture thereof. The polymer preferably comprises polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, polymethacrylates, polyolefins, aminoplast polymer, polyacrylamide, acrylate-acrylamide copolymer, melamine-formaldehyde condensate, urea-formaldehyde condensate, polyurethane, polysaccharide or a mixture thereof. More preferably the polymer comprises polysaccharide. Even more preferably, the polymer comprises cellulose, modified cellulose or a mixture thereof. Still even more preferably the polymer comprises ethyl cellulose. In certain embodiments, the water-insolvable solid particle preferably comprises lipid material, polysaccharide or a mixture thereof and more preferably the water-insolvable solid particle comprises wax, fatty ester, fatty acid, polysaccharide or a mixture thereof. 
     More preferably, the water-insolvable solid particle comprises polysaccharide and even more preferably the water-insolvable solid particle comprises cellulose, modified cellulose or a mixture thereof. Most preferably the water-insolvable solid particle is ethyl cellulose particle. 
     The degree of substitution of the ethyl cellulose is preferably 2 to 3, more preferably 2.2 to 2.8. The degree of substitution refers to the average number of the hydroxyl group substituted per anhydroglucose unit (the ‘monomer’). The maximum theoretical number of degree of substitution is 3 if all three hydroxyls are replaced. 
     Suitable polysaccharide (preferably ethyl cellulose) preferably has a dynamic viscosity of 5 to 300 cP at a concentration of 5 wt % in tolune/ethanol (80:20 by weight), more preferably between 30 to 230 cP, and even more preferably 60 to 150 cP at such conditions. 
     Preferably the water-insolvable particle is ellipsoid or rod in shape and more preferably rod in shape. The particle preferably has an average length of 0.5 to 100 μm, more preferably from 1 to 65 μm, even more preferably from 3 to 50 μm, still even more preferably from 7 to 35 μm and most preferably from 12 to 25 μm. 
     Preferably the weight ratio of the water-insolvable particle to the benefit agent is 1:4 to 20:1, more preferably 1:2.5 to 10:1, and even more preferably 1:1.5 to 5:1. 
     Preferably, the microcapsule comprises one single water-insolvable solid particle. The benefit agent is distributed throughout the particle. The water-insolvable solid particle comprises a plurality of pores throughout the particles and the benefit is encapsulated inside the pores. Preferably the pore has a diameter of 5 to 100 nm, more preferably from 10 to 50 nm. “Diameter” of pore refers to the largest measurable distance of the pore. The diameter may be measured for example by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by averaging the values of at least 10 pores. 
     Various benefit agents can be incorporated into the particles. The benefit agents may comprise fragrance, pro-fragrance, organic sunscreen, skin lightening agent, anti-aging agent or a mixture thereof. More preferably the benefit agent is selected from fragrance, pro-fragrance, organic sunscreen, skin lightening agent or a mixture thereof. Even more preferably the benefit agent is fragrance, pro-fragrance or a mixture thereof. Most preferably the benefit agent is fragrance. 
     Typically, the fragrance comprises components having a boiling point of less than 300, more preferably 100-250 Celsius, measured at one atmosphere. It is also advantageous to comprises components which have a Log P of less than 3.0 (i.e. those which will be partitioned into water). 
     The pro-fragrance can, for example, be a food lipid. Food lipids typically contain structural units with pronounced hydrophobicity. The majority of lipids are derived from fatty acids. In these ‘acyl’ lipids the fatty acids are predominantly present as esters and include mono-, di-, triacyl glycerols, phospholipids, glycolipids, diol lipids, waxes, sterol esters and tocopherols. 
     The fragrance is typically present in an amount of from 10 to 85% by total weight of the particle, preferably from 15 to 75% by total weight of the particle. The fragrance suitably has a molecular weight of from 50 to 500 Dalton. Pro-fragrances can be of higher molecular weight, being typically 1 to 10 k Dalton. 
     The microcapsule may be prepared in any suitable process. However, the process of the invention comprises steps of (a) dissolving the water-insolvable solid and benefit agent in an organic solvent which is miscible in water; and (b) addition of water to the mixture of step (a), wherein the amount of water is at a weight ratio between 1:5 to 10:1 based on the amount of the organic solvent. 
     More preferably, the process comprises step (c) of removing the organic solvent. Preferably, the process comprises step (d) of removing water to a concentration of microcapsule of at least 1% by weight. 
     Preferably, the weight ratio of the water-insolvable solid to the organic solvent is at least 1:70, more preferably from 1:50 to 1:1 and even more preferably from 1:30 to 1:5. The weight ratio of organic solvent to water in the mixture generated in step (b) is preferably 1:2 to 5:1 and more preferably from 1:1 to 2:1. Preferred organic solvent are ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, or a mixture thereof. More preferably, the organic solvent comprises ethanol. 
     It is preferable to add a water-soluble thickener in step (b). Preferably, the water-soluble thickener comprises gum, starch derivative, cellulose derivatives, carboxyvinyl polymer, or a mixture thereof. More preferably the water-soluble thickener is a cellulose derivative, and even more preferably a hydroxypropyl cellulose. 
     The end-product compositions of the invention may be in any physical form but preferably an aqueous-based liquid. The benefit agent delivery particle of the invention may be advantageously incorporated into personal care or home care compositions but preferably a personal care composition. The home care composition is preferably an aqueous laundry detergent or an aqueous fabric conditioner. The composition is preferably a skin cleansing composition containing a cleansing surfactant. 
     Typically, the composition comprises the particles at levels of from 0.001% to 10%, more preferably from 0.005% to 7.55%, even more preferably from 0.01 to 5%, and most preferably from 0.1% to 2% by weight of the total composition. 
     The composition preferably comprises a cleansing surfactant. More than one cleansing surfactant may be included in the composition. The cleaning surfactant may be chosen from soap, non-soap anionic, cationic, non-ionic, amphoteric surfactant and mixtures thereof. Many suitable surface-active compounds are available and are fully described in the literature, for example, in “Surface-Active Agents and Detergents”, Volumes I and II, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch. The preferred surface-active compounds that can be used are soaps, non-soap anionic, non-ionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant or a mixture thereof. 
     Suitable non-soap anionic surfactants include linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, primary and secondary alkyl sulphates, particularly C 8  to C 15  primary alkyl sulphates; alkyl ether sulphates; olefin sulphonates; alkyl xylene sulphonates; dialkyl sulphosuccinates; fatty acid ester sulphonates; or a mixture thereof. Sodium salts are generally preferred. 
     Most preferred non-soap anionic surfactant are linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, particularly linear alkylbenzene sulphonates having an alkyl chain length of from C 8  to C 15 . It is preferred if the level of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate is from 0 wt % to 30 wt %, more preferably from 1 wt % to 25 wt %, most preferably from 2 wt % to 15 wt %, by weight of the total composition. 
     Nonionic surfactants that may be used include the primary and secondary alcohol ethoxylates, especially the C 8  to C 20  aliphatic alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 1 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and more especially the C 10  to C 15  primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 1 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Non ethoxylated nonionic surfactants include alkylpolyglycosides, glycerol monoethers, and polyhydroxyamides (glucamide). It is preferred if the level of non-ionic surfactant is from 0 wt % to 30 wt %, preferably from 1 wt % to 25 wt %, most preferably from 2 wt % to 15 wt %, by weight of a fully formulated composition comprising the microcapsules of the invention. 
     Suitable amphoteric surfactants preferably are betaine surfactants. Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl betaines, alkylamido betaines, alkyl sulfobetaines, alkyl sultaines and alkylamido sultaines; preferably, those having 8 to about 18 carbons in the alkyl and acyl group. It is preferred that the amount of the amphoteric surfactant is 0 to 20 wt %, more preferably from 1 to 10 wt %, by weight of the composition. 
     It is also possible to include certain mono-alkyl cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants that may be used include quaternary ammonium salts of the general formula R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N +  X −  wherein the R groups are long or short hydrocarbon chains, typically alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or ethoxylated alkyl groups, and X is a counter-ion (for example, compounds in which R 1  is a C 8 -C 22  alkyl group, preferably a C 8 -C 10  or C 12 -C 14  alkyl group, R 2  is a methyl group, and R 3  and R 4 , which may be the same or different, are methyl or hydroxyethyl groups); and cationic esters (for example, choline esters). 
     Water-soluble skin benefit agents may optionally be formulated into the compositions of the invention. A variety of water-soluble skin benefit agents can be used and the level can be from 0.1 to 50% but preferably from 1 to 30% by weight of the composition. These materials include, but are not limited to, polyhydroxy alcohols. Preferred water-soluble skin benefit agents are glycerin, sorbitol and polyethylene glycol. 
     Water-insoluble skin benefit agents may also be formulated into the compositions as conditioners and moisturizers. Examples include silicone oils; hydrocarbons such as liquid paraffins, petrolatum, microcrystalline wax, and mineral oil; and vegetable triglycerides such as sunflower seed and cottonseed oils. 
     Some compositions may include thickeners. These may be selected from cellulosics, natural gums and acrylic polymers but not limited by this thickening agent types. Among the cellulosics are sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and combinations thereof. Suitable gums include xanthan, pectin, karaya, agar, alginate gums and combinations thereof. Among the acrylic thickeners are homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acids including carbomers such as Carbopol 1382, Carbopol 982, Ultrez, Aqua SF-1 and Aqua SF-2 available from the Lubrizol Corporation. Amounts of thickener may range from 0.01 to 3% by weight of the active polymer (outside of solvent or water) in the compositions. 
     Preservatives can desirably be incorporated into the compositions of this invention to protect against the growth of potentially harmful microorganisms. Suitable traditional preservatives for compositions of this invention are alkyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid. Other preservatives which have more recently come into use include hydantoin derivatives, propionate salts, and a variety of quaternary ammonium compounds. Particularly preferred preservatives are phenoxyethanol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, imidazolidinyl urea, sodium dehydroacetate and benzyl alcohol. The preservatives should be selected having regard for the use of the composition and possible incompatabilities between the preservatives and other ingredients. Preservatives are preferably employed in amounts ranging from 0.01% to 2% by weight of the composition. 
     A variety of other optional materials may be formulated into the compositions. These may include: antimicrobials such as 2-hydroxy-4,2′,4′-trichlorodiphenylether (triclosan), 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxychlorobenzene, and 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide; scrub and exfoliating particles such as polyethylene and silica or alumina; cooling agents such as menthol; skin calming agents such as aloe vera; and colorants. 
     In addition, the compositions of the invention may further include 0.5 to 10% by weight of sequestering agents, such as tetra sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), EHDP or mixtures; opacifiers and pearlizers such as ethylene glycol distearate, titanium dioxide or Lytron 621 (Styrene/Acrylate copolymer); all of which are useful in enhancing the appearance or properties of the product. 
     Preferably the composition comprises water in an amount of at least 5% by weight of the composition, more preferably at least 25%, even more preferably 40 to 90% and still even more preferably at least 60 to 85% by weight of the composition. 
     The following examples are provided to facilitate an understanding of the invention. The examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Materials 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Name 
                 Abbreviation 
                 Description 
                 Supplier 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Ethyl cellulose 
                 EC 
                 Aqualon ™ N-100 
                 Ashland 
               
               
                 Hydropropyl 
                 HPC 
                 Product number: 
                 TCI 
               
               
                 cellulose 
                   
                 H0475 
                   
               
               
                 Fluorescence 
                 FY3G 
                 — 
                 Shanghai Qinba 
               
               
                 yellow 3G 
                   
                   
                 Chemie Co., Ltd. 
               
               
                 Damascone 
                 — 
                 Damascone Delta 
                 Beijing Peking 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 University 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Zoteq Co., Ltd. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 1 
     This example demonstrates the preparation and characterization of the microcapsules. 
     (1) Preparation of EC Microcapsule 
     50 mg of FY3G was dispersed in 20 g of Damascone, followed by sonication for 25 minutes to form a mixture. 0.96 g of EC powder was dissolved in 24 g of ethanol by shearing at 2000 rpm for 20 minutes, followed by adding 0.28 g of the mixture to get a EC solution. 0.24 g of HPC was dissolved in 20 g of ethanol and 28 g of water by shearing at 2000 rpm for 3 minutes to get a HPC solution. Then, the EC solution was added into the HPC solution quickly with homogenizing at 16,000 rpm for 2 minutes to get a EC microcapsule mixture. The ethanol and HPC was removed by repeating washing EC microcapsule mixture by water via centrifugation for three times. An EC microcapsule dispersion containing 10 wt % of EC microcapsule (named as microcapsule 1) was obtained. 
     Other microcapsules were prepared in a similar manner as described above but the raw materials for preparing the microcapsule were in accordance with Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 EC solution 
                 HPC solution 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Micro- 
                 EC 
                 Ethanol 
                 HPC 
                 Water 
                 Ethanol 
                 Damascone 
               
               
                 capsule 
                 (g) 
                 (g) 
                 (g) 
                 (g) 
                 (g) 
                 (g) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 2.8 
                 28 
                 0.66 
                 22 
                 0 
                 0.4 
               
               
                 3 
                 2.8 
                 28 
                 0.66 
                 22 
                 0 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 4 
                 0.96 
                 24 
                 0.24 
                 36 
                 12 
                 0.28 
               
               
                 5 
                 2.71 
                 27 
                 0.11 
                 21.5 
                 0 
                 0* 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *1 mg of fluorescence yellow 3G was added. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     (2) Characterization of the Microcapsule 
     Optical microscopy (DM2500P, Leica, Germany) equipped with a fluorescence light was used to observe the morphology. The length (L) and weight (W) were obtained and the aspect ratios were calculated by L/W. The average aspect ratios were calculated by averaging the values for at least 10 microcapsules in the image. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Average 
                 Average 
               
               
                   
                 Length 
                 Aspect 
               
               
                 Microcapsule 
                 (μm) 
                 Ratio 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 1 
                 8.0 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 2 
                 11.2  
                 2.8 
               
               
                 3 
                 13.2  
                 3.2 
               
               
                 4 
                 16.5  
                 5.5 
               
               
                 5 
                 30.0  
                 15.0  
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Fluorescence imaging demonstrated that the fluorescence agent was distributed evenly throughout the particle which indicates that the fragrance (damascone) is distributed evenly throughout the microcapsule. 
     Example 2 
     This example demonstrates the deposition efficiency of the microcapsules. 
     A typical skin wash procedure is shown as follows. A pig skin piece (2 cm×2 cm) was placed in a Petri dish, to which 25 mg of formulation in Table 3 was added together with 33 μL of water dispersion of microcapsule (10 wt %) as prepared in Example 1. The skin, with the mixture onto it, was then gently rubbed with another piece of skin for 30 seconds and the two pieces were rinsed with total 250 mL of tap water. The two pieces of skin were then immersed in a vial containing 10 ml of ethanol for one hour. 200 μL of the extraction liquid (ethanol) was withdrawn from the vial and added to a 96-well microplate for fluorescence measurement (excitation: 480 nm, emission: 520 nm) to afford a reading of E 1 . 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ingredient 
                 Wt % 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Sodium Laureth Sulfate 
                 12.86 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl Betaine 
                  5.67 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamide MEA 
                  1.35 
               
               
                   
                 Acrylates Copolymer 
                  6.00 
               
               
                   
                 Tetrasodium EDTA 
                  0.13 
               
               
                   
                 Citric Acid Monohydrate 
                  0.10 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium Hydroxide 
                  0.20 
               
               
                   
                 Polypropylene glycol-400 
                  0.70 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium Chloride 
                  0.15 
               
               
                   
                 lodopropynyl Butylcarbamate 
                  0.07 
               
               
                   
                 Phenoxyethanol 
                  0.60 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Another two skin pieces were placed in a Petri dish, to which 33 μL of water dispersion of microcapsules (10 wt %) was added. The skin pieces with the microcapsule dispersion were immediately immersed in a vial containing 10 mL of ethanol for one hour. 200 μL of the extraction liquid was withdrawn from the vial and added to a 96-well microplate for fluorescence measurement (excitation: 480 nm, emission 520: nm) to afford a reading of E 0 . 
     In addition, two skin pieces were immersed in a vial containing 10 mL of ethanol for one hour. 200 μL of the extraction liquid was withdrawn from the vial and added to a 96-well microplate for fluorescence measurement (excitation: 480 nm, emission: 520 nm) to afford a reading of E b . 
     The deposition efficiency was calculated according to the following equation: Deposition efficiency=(E1−E b )/(E 0 −E b )×100%. The deposition efficiencies for the microcapsules were listed in Table 4. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Deposition 
               
               
                   
                 Aspect 
                 efficiency 
               
               
                 Microcapsule 
                 Ratio 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 1 
                 1.0 
                 5.4 ± 0.9 
               
               
                 2 
                 2.8 
                 3.9 ± 1.2 
               
               
                 3 
                 3.2 
                 6.9 ± 0.8 
               
               
                 4 
                 5.5 
                 13.9 ± 7.7  
               
               
                 5 
                 15.0  
                 4.8 ± 0.4