Patent Publication Number: US-2018053411-A1

Title: Emergency communication system for automated vehicles

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF INVENTION 
     This disclosure generally relates to an emergency communication system for automated vehicles, and more particularly relates to a system that grants a request for an emergency-certification when appropriate circumstance exists so an automated-vehicle is authorized to operate in a manner comparable to an emergency-vehicle. 
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
     In certain emergency situations, it may be faster to use a privately owned vehicle to transport an injured person to a medical center rather than waiting for an ambulance to arrive on scene as seconds can sometimes be the difference between life and death. However, privately owned vehicles generally do not have the privileges of typical emergency vehicles, which can increase the time for a person to receive emergency medical treatment when being transported in a privately owned vehicle. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It has been proposed by the United States government that all vehicles be equipped with dedicated short range communication (DSRC) devices to enable vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, and/or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications, which may be generically labeled as V2X communications. For vehicles equipped with DSRC/V2X communications, the emergency communication system described herein provides for certain authorities to authorize privately owned, i.e. non-emergency, vehicles to operate in an “emergency mode”, which among other things authorized the authorized vehicle to transmit messages that are typically reserved for emergency service vehicles. These messages can, for example, warn other vehicles within close proximity and/or request priority at traffic signals. As such, the optional Part II Special Vehicle Extensions data frame of a Basic Safety Message (BSM) can be broadcast by a temporarily authorized for a private vehicle. The authorization may include a download of proper certificates from a United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) certificate authority, which could be performed over-the-air and facilitated by emergency dispatch and/or a telematics service provider such as ONSTAR®. It is contemplated that certificates will typically be short-lived and would expire the day of the emergency run. 
     Also described herein is a method to authorize private vehicles to broadcast emergency messages in certain circumstances to decrease travel times to a medical center. Proper security certificates are downloaded over-the-air from DOT Certificate Authority. A request for certificates can be made by: emergency dispatch during 911 call, telematics service such as ONSTAR®, and/or on-the-scene emergency personnel. It is also contemplated that civilian automated-vehicles can be commandeered for transport of non-critical casualties. This frees up ambulance space for those with critical injuries during major incidents. Alternatively, a non-injured person could drive the vehicle. If so equipped, an autonomous system can pilot the vehicle. Additional features of the system/method described herein include designating coordinates for an ambulance meet-up, which can be sent and navigated to by the vehicles involved. 
     In accordance with one embodiment, an emergency communication system for automated-vehicles is provided. The system includes a transceiver and a controller. The transceiver is used to communicate messages from and to an automated-vehicle that is classified as a non-emergency-vehicle. The controller is in communication with the transceiver. The controller is configured to receive a request for an emergency-certification from the automated-vehicle via the transceiver, determine when a circumstance exists that justifies the request, and grant the request when the circumstance exists. When the request is granted, the automated-vehicle is authorized to operate in a manner comparable to an emergency-vehicle. 
     Further features and advantages will appear more clearly on a reading of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, which is given by way of non-limiting example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       The present invention will now be described, by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of an emergency communication system in accordance with one embodiment; and 
         FIG. 2  is a traffic scenario encountered by the system of  FIG. 1  in accordance with one embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a non-limiting example of an emergency communication system  10 , hereafter referred to as the system  10 , which is generally configured for by an automated-vehicle  12 . While the examples presented herein may seem to be generally directed to instances when the automated-vehicle  12  is being operated in an automated-mode, i.e. a fully autonomous mode, where a human operator (not shown) of the automated-vehicle  12  does little more than designate a destination, it is contemplated that the teachings presented herein are useful when the automated-vehicle  12  is operated, or is only configured for operation, in a manual-mode. While in the manual-mode the degree or level of automation may be little more than, for example, illuminating an indicator when another vehicle is present in a so-called blind-spot of the automated-vehicle  12 , providing turn-by-turn route guidance to a destination, or providing braking assistance to a human operator who is generally in control of the steering, accelerator, and brakes of the automated-vehicle  12 . That is, the automation of the automated-vehicle may only, for example, assist the human operator with operation of the automated-vehicle  12 , but not actually control any aspect of vehicle operation. 
     The system  10  includes a transceiver  14  such as a dedicated short range communication (DSRC) transceiver used to enable vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, where in this example the transceiver  14  is part of the infrastructure. The automated-vehicle  12  (as well as other vehicles, see  FIG. 2 ) may also be equipped with a similar-transceiver  16  to enable V2I and V2V communications, as will be recognized by those in the art. It follows then that the transceiver  14  and the similar-transceiver  16  are used to communicate messages  18  (e.g. DSRC messages) from and to an automated-vehicle  12 . At least initially for the discussion herein, the automated-vehicle  12  is characterized or classified as a non-emergency-vehicle, which may also be referred to as a privately owned vehicle elsewhere herein. That is, it is presumed that the automated-vehicle  12  is normally operated as a non-emergency-vehicle. While the automated-vehicle  12  is classified as a non-emergency-vehicle, it is generally illegal or improper for the automated-vehicle  12  to, for example, exceed a speed-limit or operate in any manner that is comparable to an emergency vehicle (e.g. police car, fire truck, ambulance) that is responding (i.e. traveling quickly) to an emergency situation such as a vehicle collision site, fire, or to provide emergency medical attention to a person. 
     The system  10  also includes a controller  20  in communication with the transceiver  14 . The controller  20  may include a processor (not specifically shown) such as a microprocessor or other control circuitry such as analog and/or digital control circuitry including an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for processing data as should be evident to those in the art. The controller  20  may include memory (not specifically shown), including non-volatile memory, such as electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) for storing one or more routines, thresholds, and captured data. The one or more routines may be executed by the processor to perform steps for determining an operational-certification  22  (e.g. emergency-vehicle vs. non-emergency-vehicle) for the automated-vehicle  12  based on signals received by the controller  20  as described herein. In one envisioned embodiment the controller  20  is located remotely from the automated-vehicle  12 , is configured to communicate with numerous vehicles, and operates ‘in the cloud’ as a centralized decision making device. Alternatively, the controller  20  may be one of many controllers interconnected via a network, where the controller  20  described herein may be located relatively close to the automated-vehicle  12  at any given time, for example mounted on or attached to a traffic signal  32  proximate to the present location of the automated-vehicle  12 . 
     The controller  20  is generally configured to receive a request  24  for an emergency-certification  30  from the automated-vehicle  12  via the transceiver  14 . The request  24  may originate from, but is not limited to, an operator (not shown) of the automated-vehicle  12 , or a police officer or other person of authority (not shown) seeking to authorize or commandeer the automated-vehicle  12  for emergency use. The controller  20  may be equipped or programmed with a circumstance analysis block  26  that is configured to determine when a circumstance exists that justifies the request  24 , and grant  28  the request when the circumstance exists. If the request  24  is granted, the transceiver  14  may transmit an emergency-certification  30  to the automated-vehicle  12 , whereby the automated-vehicle  12  is authorized or allowed to operate in a manner comparable to an emergency-vehicle. The effect or privileges of the emergency-certification  30  will be explained in more detail below with examples, but can generally be characterized as being authorized to violate some traffic laws in order to more quickly reach a destination  44  such as a hospital (not shown). 
     The controller  20  may be configured or equipped with a circumstance analysis block  46  that is programmed or configured to determine if a situation justifies or warrants the granting of the request  24 . For example, the controller  20  may receive video signal from traffic cameras (not shown) and may be configured to determine when a collision has occurred. Alternatively, V2I communications to the controller  20  from other vehicles may indicate that a vehicle collision has occurred. By way of further example, a police officer on-site or other authority viewing traffic cameras at a remote location may identify the location of a collision. That is, any of the above methods may be used to determine that a situation  48  has been identified where it may be advantageous or advisable to grant the emergency-certification  30  to the automated-vehicle  12  to, for example, transport an injured person to a particular instance of the destination  44  such as a hospital (not shown). 
     The decision to grant  28  or deny  56  the request  24  may be further based on other factors such as the time until an ambulance arrival  50  or the arrival of some other emergency assistance such as a policeman or fireman. For example, if an ambulance is on-route and expected to arrive in the next few minutes, it may be better to wait for the ambulance rather than transport an injured person in the automated-vehicle  12 . It is further contemplated that the ability for the controller  20  to be able to deny  56  a request  24  is necessary to prevent individuals from requesting the emergency-certification  30  for unjustified reasons, for example just because traffic is slow. Accordingly, the automated-vehicle  12  may be equipped with a location device  54  (e.g. a global position system receiver or GPS receiver) so the circumstance analysis block  46  can determine if the automated-vehicle  12  is actually at the location of an accident, i.e. the situation  48 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a non-limiting example of a traffic-scenario  34  where the automated-vehicle  12  is ‘trapped’ within a formation of other-vehicles  36  because the traffic-signal  32  is red and a pedestrian  38  is about to cross the travel-path of the automated-vehicle  12 . Assuming for the moment that the automated-vehicle  12  has been previously granted the emergency-certification  30  so the operational-certification  22  of the automated-vehicle  12  is that of an emergency-vehicle, there are several ways contemplated that the automated-vehicle  12  may operate to ‘escape the trap’ formed by the other-vehicles  36 . By way of example and not limitation, the emergency-certification  30  may be such that the emergency-certification  30  authorizes the automated-vehicle  12  to demand a traffic-signal-priority  40 , i.e. request or order the traffic-signal  32  to change from red to green (i.e. turn off the red traffic-light and turn on the green traffic-light of the traffic-signal  32 ) to allow the other-vehicles  36  to proceed even though the programmed red-light duration that the traffic-signal  32  is supposed to remain red has not yet expired. 
     The demand or request for the traffic-signal-priority  40  may be communicated directly from the automated-vehicle  12  to the traffic-signal  32 , or via the messages  18  sent to the controller  20 . Of course, it is necessary to equip the traffic-signal  32  with some form appropriate form of transceiver or receiver so the traffic-signal  32  can be controlled by the automated-vehicle  12  and/or the controller  20 . It is also contemplated that a WALK/DON&#39;T WALK signal (not shown) direct toward the pedestrian  38  would be operated to DON&#39;T WALK when the traffic-signal  32  is changed to green. 
     Alternatively, the emergency-certification  30  may authorize the automated-vehicle  12  to ignore  42  the traffic-signal  32  directed toward the automated-vehicle  12  when the traffic-signal  32  is red. If the automated-vehicle  12  was alone waiting for a red light, or was in the forward most row of the formation of other-vehicles  36  shown in  FIG. 2 , the automated-vehicle  12  could proceed even though the traffic-signal  32  is red, assuming that doing so would not interfere with moving cross-traffic (not shown) and/or endanger the pedestrian  38 . It is also contemplated that the controller  20  may be equipped or programed to perform a traffic-signal-management  58  routine that operates the traffic-signal  32  and other traffic control devices (not shown) to assist the automated-vehicle  12  to reach the destination  44  when the operational-certification  22  of the automated-vehicle  12  is that of an emergency-vehicle. 
     By way of a further example, the emergency-certification  30  may authorize the automated-vehicle  12  to exceed a speed-limit  52 . The emergency-certification may also operate the headlights and turn-signals of the automated-vehicle  12  in a flashing manner in order to get the attention of operators and/or other vehicles that did not or cannot receive an indication from the controller  20  that the automated-vehicle  12  is approaching while operating as an emergency vehicle. It is further contemplated that the automated-vehicle  12  may be equipped with an observable notification device such as one or more instances of a flashing colored light (not shown), e.g. red and blue lights, and/or a siren, the use of which requires that the emergency certification  30  has been issued. That is, the automated vehicle may be equipped with an emergency-notification-device  64 , and the emergency-certification authorizes the automated-vehicle  12  to activate the emergency-notification-device  64 . 
     Presently, V2V communications inform other vehicles with data such as a present location, direction of travel, and speed. An optional data element can indicate a vehicle as an emergency vehicle on an active run, i.e. traveling to an accident scent. The emergency-certification  30  authorizes the automated-vehicle  12  to add this data element to its V2V communications. As a result, the drivers of surrounding vehicles can be informed with in-vehicle indicators that the automated-vehicle  12  is within close proximity and is on an active emergency run. Additionally, the in-vehicle indicators of surrounding vehicles may convey the exact relative location of the emergency vehicle. As such, the emergency-certification  30  authorizes the automated-vehicle  12  to inform (i.e. broadcast to via V2V communications) the other vehicles  36  that the automated-vehicle  12  is operating in a manner comparable to that of an emergency-vehicle, e.g. police-car, ambulance, etc. It is contemplated that one of the effects is that actual police vehicles in the vicinity are informed that the automated-vehicle  12  is on an emergency run and should not be stopped if the automated-vehicle  12  is observed to be exceeding the speed-limit  52  and/or running a red light. Furthermore, it is contemplated that the other vehicles  36  may decide to, or be directed to, steer to the side of the road when they are made aware of the fact that the automated-vehicle  12  is on an authorized emergency run. 
     Returning to  FIG. 1 , it is contemplated that a certification-duration  60  that the emergency-certification  30  is valid is not indefinite. For example, the emergency-certification  30  may expire when the automated-vehicle  12  arrives at a predetermined instance of the destination  44 , a hospital (not shown) or a meet-up location where an ambulance will be present, for example. Alternatively, the emergency-certification  30  may expire after a predetermine amount of time, two hours for example, or after the automated-vehicle  12  has been parked for more than an hour. 
     It is also contemplated that the controller  20  may be configured or programmed with an emergency vehicle dispatch  62  which may include dispatching and tracking police vehicles, fire/rescue vehicles, ambulances, and the like. The emergency vehicle dispatch  62  may also provide advance notification to hospital regarding the arrival time of an injured person traveling in the automated-vehicle  12 . The emergency vehicle dispatch  62  may also dispatch a tow-truck to remove damaged vehicles at an accident site, and road repair/clean-up crews if necessary. 
     Accordingly, an emergency communication system (the system  10 ), a controller  20  for the system  10 , and a method of operating the system  10  is provided. The system  10  and the method provide a way for automated vehicles to assist with transporting injured persons when waiting for an ambulance or other medical personal to arrive may take an unacceptable amount of time. 
     While this invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments thereof, it is not intended to be so limited, but rather only to the extent set forth in the claims that follow.