Patent Publication Number: US-2019186774-A1

Title: Diffuser, air treating plant comprising said diffuser and use of said diffuser for treating air

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is a diffuser and an associated air treating plant. For example, the diffuser and the associated plant can find an advantageous use both in the industrial and non-industrial fields for ventilating, heating, conditioning air in the occupied areas of a building (by introducing cooled air, warmed air and/or filtered/humidified air into an environment, for example). It is also an object of the present invention a use of said diffuser for treating air. 
     STATE OF THE ART 
     Air treating systems such as heating, ventilating and conditioning plants are known, which consist of ductings through which a suitable quantity of air is transferred which, from a ventilating system (for example a ventilator) and a conditioning system (for example for heating, cooling, and/or humidifying air) is introduced into an occupied area of a building, for example a warehouse. 
     Such ductings are formed by one or more conveying conduits generally made of a metal sheet, adapted to supply air to one or more diffusers being responsible for diffusing air into the environment of a building. 
     More specifically, such known diffuser comprises a conduit made of a metal material or a flexible material (fabric, for example), generally exhibiting a circular-type cross-section. The conduit of the diffuser extends mainly along its axis: the conduit exhibits a length substantially greater than its radial size. 
     The known diffusers are configured for being engaged at a ceiling of a building so that, under a condition of use, the conduit of each diffuser extends horizontally and parallel to the ceiling: the prevalent development direction of each conduit (diffuser) is substantially parallel to the ceiling. The air flow supplied by the service channel to the diffuser extends axially inside the conduit: the air flow inside the conduit (diffuser) exhibits a movement direction parallel to the prevalent development direction of the conduit and therefore substantially parallel to the plane of the ceiling to which the diffuser is associated. 
     The conduit of the diffuser comprises a plurality of holes defined, in the condition of use of the diffuser, at a lower portion of a lateral wall of the conduit facing away from the ceiling; the holes enable the air axially flowing inside the conduit to exit from this latter and to diffuse in the area of use. Particularly, the holes are configured for enabling to eject the air from the diffuser oppositely to the ceiling to which the diffuser is associated. 
     For high-induction plants, the holes made on the conduits of the diffusers are suitably calculated during the designing step and are configured for introducing high-speed air into the environment to be treated, by moving a large volume of environment air without creating annoying currents at the ground. In the so-called high-induction diffusers, the air exiting the diffusing holes, attracts, the air of the environment around the diffuser due to the inductive effect, so that the same is moved towards the areas to be conditioned and mixed with the air exiting the diffuser itself; generally, a sequence of flows and/or micro-swirls are generated, which in turn generate turbulences contributing to mix the air introduced in the area of use with the air already present in the same so that the temperature is made uniform. 
     The air exiting the distributing holes must also fulfill the requirement of not directly hitting the people present in the area of use, at an excessive speed or by an annoying air current. Therefore, the speed of the air exiting the diffusing holes must be equal to a value calculated in order to cancel the residual speed and to ensure an optimal condition for the comfort of the people. 
     It should be noted that the treatment capability of such plants depends on the ejectable air quantity. For this reason, the distributing conduits are advantageously provided with a plurality of holes which are suitably sized and distributed along all the axial development of the conduit. Specifically, such known conduits comprise a plurality of rows of holes; each row comprises a plurality of spaced holes aligned along a trajectory parallel to the conduit axis. 
     While the above described known solutions are nowadays widely used for treating the environments in a building, the Applicant has observed that the above described treating plants are not devoid of limitations and inconveniences. Indeed, the Applicant has observed that the known diffusers have a bulky structure and a particular distribution of the holes which make them adapted to treat large areas of use, such as for example industrial warehouses. The particular structure of the known diffusers however does not enable to effectively treat small volume areas such as, for example, a room, an office, a laboratory in a building. 
     Such inconvenience is much more felt in high-induction plants not capable of suitably exploiting the inductive effect of an axially developing diffuser inside small volume environments. 
     OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to substantially solve at least one of the inconveniences and/or disadvantages of the previous solutions. 
     A first object consists of providing a diffuser for treating air capable of enabling to optimally treat environments in which it operates. Particularly, it is an object to provide a diffuser which can be selectively used, capable of effectively treating both small-sized and large volumes. 
     Then, it is an object to provide a diffuser by which the residual speed at the ground in the area of use, is always adjustable in order to constantly optimally meet the needs of users. 
     A further object consists of providing a diffuser and an associated air treating plant which can be easily implemented and easily adjusted with reference to the speed of the air exiting the holes. 
     An additional object consists of providing a diffuser and an associated air treating plant which can be more freely designed in order to optimally adjust the diffuser/plant itself also after their installation. 
     Then it is an object to provide a diffuser and an associated high-induction plant capable of generating, also inside small volume environments, effective treatment flows at high speeds without generating annoying flows at the ground. 
     Moreover, it is an object to provide a diffuser actuatable without requiring complicated alterations of a conventional air treating plant. 
     These and other objects which will better appear in the following description, are substantially met by a diffuser, an air treating plant and an use of said diffuser according to what is disclosed in one or more of the attached claims and/or in the following aspects, considered alone or in any combination with each other or in a combination with anyone of the attached claims and/or in a combination in anyone of the further aspects or characteristics described in the following. 
     SUMMARY 
     The aspects of the invention are herein described. 
     In a 1st aspect, it is provided a diffuser ( 1 ) for air treating plants ( 100 ), said diffuser ( 1 ) comprising at least one channel ( 2 ) having:
         at least one lateral wall ( 4 ) axially extending between an upper end portion ( 4   a ) and a lower end portion ( 4   b ) and defining in the interior thereof a chamber ( 3 ) for the passage of an air flow,   at least one inlet ( 5 ) configured for enabling to introduce air in the chamber ( 3 ),   at least a plurality of throwing through openings ( 6 ) defined on at least part of the lateral wall ( 4 ) of said channel, said throwing through openings ( 6 ) being configured for putting in fluid communication the chamber ( 3 ) with the outer environment and therefore enabling to diffuse air in an environment,   at least a plurality of induction through openings ( 7 ) defined on at least part of the lateral wall ( 4 ) of said channel, said induction through openings ( 7 ) being configured for putting in fluid communication the chamber ( 3 ) with the outer environment and for therefore enabling to diffuse air in the environment,       

     characterized by the fact that at least a predetermined number of throwing through openings ( 6 ) of said plurality are spaced from a predetermined number of induction through openings ( 7 ) of said plurality along a direction parallel to the axial extension (A), of the channel ( 2 ), said predetermined number of throwing through openings ( 6 ) has an air passage through cross-section greater than the air passage cross-section of said predetermined number of induction through openings ( 7 ). 
     In a 2nd aspect according to the preceding aspect, the plurality of throwing through openings ( 6 ) comprises at least one group of throwing through openings ( 6 ) aligned along a trajectory (T 1 ) transversal (particularly normal) to the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ) in order to define a row (F 1 ) of throwing through openings ( 6 ), 
     wherein the plurality of induction through openings ( 7 ) comprise at least one group of induction through openings ( 7 ) aligned along a respective trajectory (T 2 ) transversal (particularly normal) to the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ) for defining a respective row (F 2 ) of induction through openings ( 7 ), the induction through openings ( 7 ) of the respective group being spaced from the throwing through openings ( 6 ) of the respective group along a direction parallel to the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ), 
     wherein at least part of the throwing through openings ( 6 ) of the respective group exhibits an air passage cross-section greater than a passage cross-section of at least part of the induction through opening ( 7 ) of the respective group. 
     In a 3rd aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, each of the throwing through openings ( 6 ) of said plurality exhibits an air passage cross-section greater than an air passage cross-section of each of the induction through openings ( 7 ) of said plurality. 
     In a 4th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the throwing through openings ( 6 ) are defined on at least a perimetral length of the lateral wall ( 4 ) of the channel ( 2 ), said perimetral length having an angular extension, measured transversally to the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ), greater than 90°, particularly greater than 180°. 
     In a 5th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the throwing through openings ( 6 ) are defined along all the perimetral extension of the lateral wall ( 4 ) of the channel ( 2 ). 
     In a 6th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, throwing through openings ( 6 ), aligned along a trajectory transversal to the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ), are equidistant from each other. 
     In a 7th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, throwing through openings ( 6 ), aligned along a trajectory transversal to the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ), have the same air passage cross-section. 
     In an 8th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects from 2 to 7, the plurality of throwing through openings ( 6 ) comprise a plurality of groups of throwing openings ( 6 ) aligned along the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ). 
     In a 9th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects from 2 to 8, the alignment trajectory (T 1 ) of the group of throwing through openings ( 6 ) extends along a plane perpendicular to the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ). 
     In a 10th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, all the throwing through openings ( 6 ) of said plurality have the same air passage cross-section, particularly have the same shape and size. 
     In an 11th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, each of the throwing through openings ( 6 ) defines an air passage cross-section having an area smaller than 1,400 mm 2 , particularly less than 1,000 mm 2 . 
     In a 12th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the induction through openings ( 7 ) are defined on at least one perimetral length of the lateral wall ( 4 ) of the channel ( 2 ), said perimetral length exhibiting an angular extension, measured transversally to the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ), greater than 90°, particularly greater than 180°. 
     In a 13th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the induction through openings ( 7 ) are defined along all the perimetral extension of the lateral wall ( 4 ) of the channel ( 2 ). 
     In a 14th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the induction though openings ( 7 ), aligned along a trajectory transversal to the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ), are equidistant from each other. 
     In a 15th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the induction through openings ( 7 ), aligned along a trajectory transversal to the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ), exhibit a same air passage cross-section. 
     In a 16th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects from 2 to 15, wherein the plurality of induction through openings ( 7 ) comprise a plurality of groups of induction openings ( 7 ) aligned along the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ). 
     In a 17th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects from 2 to 16, wherein the alignment trajectory (T 2 ) of the group of induction through openings ( 7 ) extends along a plane perpendicular to the axial extension of the channel ( 2 ). 
     In an 18th aspect according to the preceding aspect, when this latter depends on anyone of the aspects from 9 to 16, the extension plane of the trajectory (T 2 ) of the group of induction through openings ( 7 ) is spaced and parallel to the extension plane of the trajectory (T 1 ) of the group of throwing through openings ( 6 ). 
     In a 19th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, all the induction through openings ( 7 ) of said plurality have the same air passage cross-section, particularly have the same shape and size. 
     In an 20th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, each of the induction through openings ( 7 ) defines an air passage cross-section having an area less than 1,000 mm 2 , particularly less than 800 mm 2 . 
     In a 21st aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, at least one plurality of throwing through openings ( 6 ) is interposed between two groups of induction through openings ( 7 ). 
     In 22nd aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the channel ( 2 ) comprises a first plurality of induction through openings ( 7   a ) defined at the lower end portion ( 4   b ) of the lateral wall, the channel ( 2 ) further comprising a second plurality of induction through openings ( 7   b ) distinct from the first plurality of induction openings ( 7   a ) and spaced from the axial extension of the channels ( 2 ), 
     wherein the channel ( 2 ) comprises a plurality of throwing through openings ( 6 ) interposed between said first and second plurality of induction through openings ( 7   a ,  7   b ). 
     In a 23rd aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the lateral wall ( 4 ) has, according to a cross-section perpendicular to an extension axis of the channel ( 2 ), a circular-type shape. 
     In a 24th aspect according to the preceding aspect, the plurality of throwing through openings ( 6 ) and the plurality of induction through openings ( 7 ) are defined along all the radial development of the lateral wall ( 4 ) of the channel ( 2 ). 
     In a 25th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the lateral wall ( 4 ) of the channel ( 2 ) has a number of throwing through openings ( 6 ), for each linear 10 cm measured along an extension axis of the channel ( 2 ), greater than 3, particularly greater than 4, still more particularly comprised between 4 and 15. 
     In a 26th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the lateral wall ( 4 ) of the channel ( 2 ) has a number of induction through openings ( 7 ), for each linear 10 cm measured along an extension axis of the channel ( 2 ), greater than 3, particularly greater than 6, still more particularly comprised between 6 and 20. 
     In a 27th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the plurality of throwing through openings ( 6 ) define an overall air passage cross-section having a predetermined total area, the ratio of said predetermined total area to a total area of the surface extension of the lateral wall ( 4 ) is greater than 100, particularly greater than 200. 
     In a 28th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the plurality of induction through openings ( 7 ) define an overall air passage cross-section having a predetermined total area, the ratio between said predetermined total area and a total area of the surface extension of the lateral wall ( 4 ) is greater than 150, particularly greater than 300. 
     In a 29th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the ratio of the total area of the overall cross-section defined by the plurality of induction through openings ( 7 ) to the total area of the overall cross-section defined by the plurality of throwing through openings ( 6 ) is greater than 1. 
     In a 30th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the lateral wall ( 4 ) has, at the upper end portion ( 4   a ), a free edge ( 4   c ) delimiting a general through access of the channel ( 2 ), 
     the channel ( 2 ) comprising an upper closing element ( 8 ) engaged at the lateral wall ( 4 ) at the free edge ( 4   c ) of the upper end portion ( 4   a ), said upper closing element ( 8 ) obstructing the general through access, 
     wherein the inlet ( 5 ) of the channel ( 2 ) being defined on the upper closing element. 
     In a 31st aspect according to the preceding aspect, the upper closing element ( 8 ) comprises a flat sheet, particularly of metal material, delimited by an outer perimetral edge having a shape at least partially countershaped to the free edge ( 4   c ) of the lateral wall ( 4 ). 
     In a 32nd aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the lateral wall ( 4 ) has, at the lower end portion ( 4   b ), a free edge ( 4   d ) delimiting a general passage of the channel ( 2 ), 
     the channel ( 2 ) comprising a lower closing element ( 9 ) engaged with the lateral wall ( 4 ) at the free edge ( 4   d ) of the lower end portion ( 4   b ), said lower closing element ( 9 ) obstructing the general passage. 
     In a 33rd aspect according to the preceding aspect, the lower closing element ( 9 ) comprising at least one metal sheet delimited by an outer perimetral edge having a shape at least partially countershaped to the free edge ( 4   d ) of the lower end portion ( 4   b ). 
     In a 34th aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects, the diffuser comprises at least one element ( 10 ) for intercepting the air flow, engaged at least inside the chamber ( 3 ) of the channel ( 2 ), 
     said intercepting element ( 10 ) comprising a base portion ( 11 ) placed at the lateral wall ( 4 ), and an access portion ( 12 ) spaced from said base portion ( 11 ) and defining an access ( 15 ). 
     In a 35th aspect according to the preceding aspect, the intercepting element ( 10 ) partitions the chamber ( 3 ) in a main chamber ( 13 ) and in an auxiliary chamber ( 14 ), a fluid communication between the main chamber ( 13 ) and auxiliary chamber ( 14 ) being established substantially exclusively through the access ( 15 ). 
     In a 36th aspect according to the preceding aspect 34 or 35, wherein the intercepting element ( 10 ) is substantially flat and parallel to an upper closing element ( 8 ) and/or to a lower closing element ( 9 ). 
     In a 37th aspect according to the preceding aspect 34, 35 or 36, the intercepting element ( 10 ) comprises:
         a flow adjusting member ( 16 ) engaged at the access ( 15 ) and movable at least between:
           a completely opened position wherein said member enables the fluid communication between the main chamber ( 13 ) and the auxiliary chamber ( 14 ),   and a completely closed position wherein the adjusting member interdicts the communication between the main chamber ( 13 ) and the auxiliary chamber ( 14 ), said adjusting member ( 16 ) being configured for managing the air passage from the main chamber ( 13 ) to the auxiliary chamber ( 14 ).   
               

     In a 38th aspect according to the preceding aspect, comprising an activating element ( 17 ), for example an electric motor, operating on the adjusting member and configured for moving said adjusting member at least between said completely closed and completely opened positions, 
     optionally the activating element ( 17 ) is configured for moving the adjusting member to a plurality of intermediate positions, comprised between said completely closed and completely opened positions, for defining a flow passage opening through the access ( 15 ) having a width variable as a function of the positions taken by the adjusting member ( 16 ). 
     In a 39th aspect according to the preceding aspect, the diffuser comprises:
         at least one sensor configured for emitting a monitoring signal representative of a pressure inside said main chamber ( 13 ),   at least one control unit connected to at least said sensor ( 18 ) and said activating element ( 17 ), said control unit ( 19 ) being configured for:
           receiving from the sensor ( 18 ), the monitoring signal for estimating a fluid pressure present in said main chamber ( 13 ) of the channel ( 2 ),   commanding the activating element ( 17 ) to move the adjusting member ( 16 ) as a function of the estimated pressure.   
               

     In a 40th aspect according to the preceding aspect, the control unit is configured for:
         receiving from the sensor the monitoring signal for estimating a fluid pressure present in said main chamber ( 13 ) of the channel ( 2 ),   comparing the value of the estimated pressure inside said main chamber ( 13 ) of the channel ( 2 ) with the value of a reference threshold,   following said comparison step, commanding the activating element ( 17 ) to move the adjusting member ( 16 ) as a function of a predetermined relationship between the value of the estimated pressure inside said main chamber ( 13 ) of the channel ( 2 ) with the value of a reference threshold.       

     In a 41st aspect according to the preceding aspect, the control unit is configured for commanding the activating element ( 17 ) to move the adjusting member ( 16 ) when the estimated pressure inside the main chamber ( 13 ) of the channel, reaches or exceeds the value of the reference threshold. 
     In a 42nd aspect according to the preceding aspects from 37 to 41, wherein the auxiliary chamber ( 14 ) comprises at least one discharge opening adapted to put in fluid communication the adjusting chamber ( 14 ) with the outer environment, optionally, comprises a plurality of discharge openings adapted to put in fluid communication the auxiliary chamber ( 14 ) with the outer environment. 
     In a 43rd independent aspect, the air treating plant ( 100 ) comprising:
         at least one ventilation system ( 101 ) configured for generating an air flow,   at least one diffuser ( 1 ) according to anyone of the preceding aspects, said diffuser being disposed, when in use, with a prevalent development axis (A) disposed substantially vertical, a plane containing an alignment trajectory (T 1 ) of the group of throwing through openings ( 6 ) and a plane containing an alignment trajectory (T 2 ) of the induction through openings ( 7 ) being substantially horizontal under the condition of use of the diffuser;   at least one ducting ( 102 ) configured for putting in fluid communication the ventilation system ( 101 ) with the diffuser ( 1 ), for therefore supplying the air flow generated by the ventilation system ( 101 ) to the diffuser ( 1 ) through the inlet ( 5 ) of this latter.       

     In a 44th aspect according to the preceding aspect, the plant comprises:
         at least one general flow adjusting device ( 104 ) associated to the ducting ( 102 ) at the inlet ( 5 ) of the diffuser ( 1 ), said general flow adjusting device ( 104 ) being configured for managing the passage of air entering the diffuser ( 1 ),   at least one general sensor ( 103 ) disposed inside the ducting ( 102 ) between the ventilation system ( 101 ) and inlet ( 5 ) of the diffuser ( 1 ), said general sensor ( 103 ) being configured for generating a signal indicative of a pressure and/or flow rate parameters of a fluid in said ducting ( 102 ),   at least one control unit ( 19 ) connected to the general sensor ( 103 ) and general flow adjusting device ( 104 ), the control unit being configured for:
           receiving from the general sensor ( 103 ), the signal for estimating a fluid pressure present in said ducting ( 102 ),   commanding the general fluid flow adjusting device ( 104 ) to adjust the air as a function of the estimated pressure inside the ducting ( 102 ).   
               

     In a 45th aspect according to the preceding aspect, the diffuser comprises the general fluid flow adjusting device ( 104 ) comprising:
         at least one intercepting element ( 104   a ) engaged inside the ducting ( 102 ) at the inlet ( 5 ) of the diffuser ( 1 ), said intercepting element ( 104   a ) being movable with respect to the ducting ( 102 ) at least between:
           a completely opened position wherein said element ( 104   a ) enables the fluid communication between the ventilation system and diffuser ( 1 ), and   a completely closed position wherein said element ( 104   a ) interdicts the communication between the ventilation system and diffuser,   
           at least one activating element ( 104   b ), for example an electric motor, operating on the intercepting element ( 104   a ) and configured for moving said element at least between said completely closed and completely opened positions,       

     optionally, the activating element ( 104   b ) is configured for moving the intercepting element ( 104   a ) to a plurality of intermediate positions, comprised between said completely closed and completely opened positions, for defining a passage opening of the flow through the inlet ( 5 ) of the variable width diffuser as a function of positions taken by the intercepting element with respect to the ducting, 
     the control unit ( 19 ) being configured for:
         receiving from the general sensor ( 103 ), the signal for estimating a fluid pressure present in said ducting ( 102 ),   commanding the activating element ( 104   b ) of the general fluid flow adjusting device ( 104 ) to move the intercepting element ( 104   a ) as a function of the estimated pressure.       

     In a 46th aspect according to the preceding aspect, the control unit ( 19 ) is configured for:
         receiving from the general sensor ( 103 ), the signal for estimating a fluid pressure present in said ducting ( 102 ),   comparing the value of the estimated pressure inside said ducting ( 102 ) with the value of a reference threshold,   following said comparison step, commanding the activating element ( 104   b ) of the general fluid flow adjusting device to move the intercepting element ( 104   a ) as a function of a predetermined relationship between the value of the estimated pressure inside said chamber ( 3 ) of the channel ( 2 ) with the value of a reference threshold.       

     In a 47th aspect according to the preceding aspect, the control unit ( 19 ) is configured for commanding the activating element ( 104   b ) of the general fluid flow adjusting device to move the intercepting element ( 104   b ) when the estimated pressure inside the ducting ( 102 ) reaches or exceeds the value of the reference threshold. 
     In a 48th independent aspect, it is provided an use of a diffuser ( 1 ) according to anyone of the aspects from 1 to 43 for treating air of at least one area of use in a building, particularly at least in one of the following areas: a room, a laboratory, an office. 
     In a 49th aspect according to the preceding aspect, the air treating step comprises at least one selected in the group between the following steps:
         conditioning,   ventilating,   humidifying,   heating.       

     In a 50th aspect according to the preceding aspect 48 or 49, the diffuser ( 1 ) is placed along a vertical direction, particularly the axial development direction of the channel ( 2 ), under condition of use of the diffuser ( 1 ), is substantially vertical. 
     In a 51st aspect according to anyone of the preceding aspects from 48 to 50, the diffuser ( 1 ) is associated to a ceiling of an area of use in a building, particularly said diffuser ( 1 ) extends transversally, particularly normal, to an extension plane of a ceiling to which said diffuser is associated. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Some embodiments and some aspects of the invention will be described in the following with reference to the attached drawings, given only in an indicative and therefore non-limiting way, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective partially sectioned view of a diffuser according to a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a lateral view of the diffuser of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a top view of the diffuser of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a partially sectioned lateral view of the diffuser of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a detailed view of a diffuser according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic view of an air treating plant; 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a diffuser according to a second embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective partially sectioned view of the diffuser of  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a sectioned view of the diffuser of  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a top view of the diffuser of  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view from the bottom of the diffuser of  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of a diffuser according to a third embodiment; 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective partially sectioned view of the diffuser of  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective partially sectioned view of the diffuser of  FIG. 12 . 
     
    
    
     DEFINITIONS AND CONVENTIONS 
     It is observed that in the present detailed description, matching parts illustrated in the different figures are indicated by the same numeral references. The figures could illustrate the object of the invention by not-to-scale representations, therefore, parts and components illustrated in the figures regarding the object of the invention could only refer to schematic representations. 
     In the following description and in the claims, the terms “upstream” and “downstream” refer to an advancement trajectory of the air flow formed by a supplying system (a ventilator, for example), directed to a conduit of a diffuser and which advances in the interior of said conduit to one or more air exiting (emission) holes of the conduits. 
     The treating plant, herein described and claimed, comprises at least one control unit responsible for controlling the operative conditions implemented by the plant itself and/or by at least one diffuser. Obviously, the control unit can be single or can be formed by a plurality of distinct control units according to designing choices and to operative needs. 
     The term “control unit” means an electronic-type component which can comprise at least one of: a digital processor (CPU), a memory (or memories), an analog-type circuit, or a combination of one or more digital processing units with one or more analog-type circuits. The control unit can be “configured” or “programmed” to execute some steps: this can be physically implemented by any means enabling to configure or program the control unit. For example, when a control unit comprises one or more CPUs and one or more memories, one or more programs can be stored in suitable memory banks connected to the CPU or CPUs; the program or programs contain instructions which, when are executed by the CPU or CPUs, program or configure the control unit for executing the operations described with reference to the control unit. Alternatively, if the control unit is or comprises an analog-type circuitry, then the circuit of the control unit can be designed for including a circuitry configured, in use, for processing electric signals in order to execute the steps regarding the control unit. 
     The control unit can comprise one or more digital units, for example of a microprocessor-type, or one or more analog units, or a suitable combination of digital and analog units; the control unit can be configured for coordinating all the operations necessary for executing an instruction or a set of instructions. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       1  generally indicates a diffuser for treating air useable in both an industrial and non-industrial field for ventilating, heating and conditioning air of at least one occupied area of a building, such as for example a room, an office, a laboratory. The following description refers to three different embodiments. 
     First Embodiment of the Diffuser 
     The first embodiment refers to a diffuser  1  as shown in figures from  1  to  6  which comprises a channel  2  exhibiting at least one lateral wall  4  axially extending between an upper end portion  4   a  and a lower end portion  4   b . The channel  2  extends substantially along a prevalent development axis A between portions  4   a ,  4   b  and defines in the interior thereof a chamber  3  for the passage of an air flow. The attached figures illustrate a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the diffuser  1  exhibiting a lateral wall  4  having, all along the development thereof, a cross-section, particularly at least one internal cross-section for the passage of a fluid, whose shape and size are constant; such cross-section being defined perpendicularly to the axial extension of the lateral wall  4  itself (perpendicular to a plane perpendicular to the axial extension direction thereof). The attached figures illustrate in a non-limiting way a configuration of the channel  2 , the lateral wall  4  thereof has, according to a cross-section perpendicular to the axial extension of the wall  4  itself, a substantially circular shape: the constant and circular shape is defined along all the axial development of the lateral wall  4 . The lateral wall  4  defines substantially a cylinder developing around the axis A (see  FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 , for example). It is not excluded the possibility of making a channel  2  whose lateral wall  4  exhibits, according to a cross-section perpendicular to the axial extension thereof, a different shape, for example a semicircular, elliptical, polygonal one. Moreover, it is not excluded the possibility of making a lateral wall  4  having, along the axial extension thereof, an outline varying in shape and size (a variable cross-section such as a frustum of cone or a pyramid, for example). Advantageously, but in a non-limiting way, the lateral wall  4  of the channel  2  is made of a sheet material, the thickness thereof is substantially less than a longitudinal and transversal extension of the channel  2  itself. Specifically, the lateral wall  4  is made of a metal material sheet, for example of steel. As schematically shown in the figures for example, the lateral wall  4  has, at the upper end portion  4   a , a free edge  4   c  delimiting a general through access of the channel  2 . The free edge  4   c  defines an outline identical by shape and size to the shape of the cross-section of the overall lateral wall  4  (the lateral wall having a cross-section constant along the overall axial development). As it is visible in  FIGS. 1 and 3  for example, the channel  2  comprises an upper closing element  8  engaged with the lateral wall  4  at the free edge  4   c  of the upper end portion  4   a ; the upper closing element  8  obstructing the general through access. More particularly, the upper closing element  8  comprises a panel or a sheet, particularly of metal material, which is flat and delimited by a perimetral outer edge having a shape at least partially counter shaped to the free edge  4   c  of the lateral wall  4 : the upper closing element  8  substantially defines a closing plug for the access of the channel  2 . More specifically, the upper closing element  8  extends along a plane perpendicular to the extension axis of the lateral wall, in other words perpendicular to the axial extension of the lateral wall  4 . As it is visible in the attached figures, the upper closing element  8  has an inlet  5  of the channel  2 ; the inlet  5  is configured for enabling to introduce air into the chamber  3 . De facto, the upper closing element  8  (plug) has one or more openings passing through the element itself, and adapted to define the inlet  5 . The attached figures illustrate, in a non-limiting way, a configuration of the inlet  5  defined by a single through opening delimited by a free edge having a polygonal shape and particularly a square one (see  FIG. 3 , for example). Indeed, the upper closing element does not define a blind-type plug but a plug provided with at least one through opening (inlet  5 ) adapted to enable a fluid communication between the chamber  3  and at least one selected in the group of: a ducting, a ventilation system (for example a ventilator), the outer environment. The attached figures illustrate a configuration of the channel  2  wherein the inlet  5  is defined on the upper closing element  8 ; however, it is not excluded the possibility of making a closing element comprising a blind plug (without openings) and of defining at least one inlet at the lateral wall  4 . The upper closing element  8  can be engaged with the lateral wall  4  by a known type metal collar. It is evident that fixing the upper closing element  8  to the lateral wall  4  can be done by different ways; for example, the sheet of the upper closing element  8  can be wound (curled) with the free edge  4   c . Alternatively, the upper closing element  8  can be fixed to the lateral wall by welding, gluing or by fixing devices, such as rivets and/or screws. 
     According to the first embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1 to 4 , the inlet  5  is delimited by a collar  21 , for example polygonal, which has a top square shape for enabling to be more simply coupled to the channels of the plant which convey the treated air to the diffuser  1 . A wall  21   a  of the collar  21 , emerging away from the inlet  5 , exhibits a predetermined number ( 5  for each side in the example) of discharging hatches  22  closed by respective removable plugs  23 . In this way, when design mistakes or installation tolerances cause an excessive pressure/flow inside the diffuser which consequently generates flows at the ground or vibrations/noises, these latter can be prevented by opening a necessary and sufficient number of such hatches  22  for discharging the surplus of air into the environment for establishing again the correct pressure inside the diffuser  1 . Moreover, the lateral wall  4  has, at the lower end portion  4   b , a free edge  4   d  delimiting a general passage of the channel  2 . The free edge  4   d  is opposite to the free edge  4   c  of the upper end portion  4   a . The free edge  4   d  of the lower end portion  4   b  of the lateral wall defines a shape identical in shape and size to the shape of the cross-section of the overall lateral wall  4  (the lateral wall exhibiting a constant cross-section along the overall axial development). Specifically, the free edge  4   d  has a shape and size identical (in the case illustrated in the attached figures, a circular shape) to the shape of the edge  4   c  of the upper end portion  4   a . As it is visible in the figures for example, moreover the channel  2  comprises a lower closing element  9  engaged with the lateral wall  4  at the free edge  4   d  of the lower end portion  4   b ; the lower closing element  9  obstructing the general passage of the channel. More particularly, the closing element  9  comprises a panel or sheet, particularly of metal material, delimited by an outer perimetral edge having a shape at least partially countershaped to the free edge  4   d  of the lateral wall  4 : the closing element  9  substantially defines a plug closing the general passage of the channel  2 . As for the upper closing element  8 , the lower closing element  9  can be engaged with the lateral wall  4  by means of a known-type metal collar or by winding (curling) the sheet of the closing element  9  with the free edge  4   d . Alternatively, the lower closing element  9  can be fixed to the lateral wall  4  by welding, gluing or by fixing devices such as rivets and/or screws. The lateral wall  4 , upper closing element  8  and lower closing element  9  delimit the chamber  3  of the channel  2  adapted to receive an air flow through the inlet  5 . 
     As it is visible in the attached figures, the channel  2  further comprises a plurality of throwing through openings  6  defined on at least part of the lateral wall  4 : the throwing through openings  6  are configured for putting in fluid communication the chamber  3  with the outer environment and for therefore enabling to diffuse air into an environment. The throwing openings  6  implement passages for diffusing the air present in the chamber  3  and particularly introduced in the chamber through the inlet  5 . Specifically, the plurality of throwing through openings  6  comprise at least a group of throwing through openings  6  aligned along a transversal trajectory T 1 , particularly perpendicular, to the axial extension A of the channel  2  for defining a row F 1  of throwing openings  6 . The throwing openings  6  of the row F 1 , aligned along the trajectory T 1 , are equidistant from each other and advantageously have a same passage cross-section. Particularly, the throwing openings  6  of the row F 1  are substantially defined on at least one plane perpendicular to the axial extension of the lateral wall, optionally perpendicular to the extension axis A of the channel  2 . The plurality of throwing through openings of the row F 1  itself advantageously have, besides the same air passage cross-section, the same shape (outline) and size. The attached figures illustrate, in a non-limiting way, a configuration of the openings  6  exhibiting all the same circular shape; it is not excluded the possibility of making throwing openings  6  having a shape—elliptical or polygonal, for example—and particularly of making through openings having different shape and size. Still more particularly, the throwing through openings  6  are defined on at least a perimetral length of the lateral wall  4  of the channel  2 ; the perimetral length has an angular extension, measured transversally to the axial extension of the channel  2 , more than 90°, particularly greater than 180°. Advantageously, the throwing through openings  6  are defined along all the perimetral extension of the lateral wall  4  of the channel  2 . The attached figures illustrate a configuration of the lateral wall  4  having a circular cross-section; with such configuration, the throwing openings  6  are defined along all the diameter of the wall  4 . The channel  2  can comprise only one group or row F 1  of throwing openings  6  or can comprise a plurality of groups of throwing openings  6  each exhibiting openings  6  aligned along a respective row F 1 : each row F 1  is spaced, particularly aligned, along the axial extension of the channel  2 . Advantageously, all the throwing through openings  6  defined on the channel  2  are equidistant from each other along the respective alignment trajectory and if there are plural rows F 1 , they are also equidistant along the axial extension of the channel  2 . From the quantitative point of view, the lateral wall  4  of the channel  2  has a number of throwing through openings  6 , at each linear 10 cm measured along the axial extension of the channel  2 , greater than 3, particularly greater than 4, still more particularly comprised between 4 and 15. From the dimensional point of view, each throwing through opening  6  defines an air passage cross-section having an area less than 1,500 mm 2 , particularly less than 1,000 mm 2 . The plurality of throwing through openings  6  define an overall air passage cross-section having a predetermined total area greater than 1,000 mm 2 , particularly comprised between 100 and 900 mm 2 . The ratio of the predetermined total area (the overall passage area defined by all the throwing openings  6  present on the diffuser  1 ) to a total area of the surface extension of the lateral wall  4 , is greater than 100, particularly greater than 200. As it is visible in the attached figures, the channel  2  further comprises a plurality of induction through openings  7  also defined on at least part of the lateral wall  4 : the induction through openings  7  are configured for putting in fluid communication the chamber  3  with the outer environment and for therefor enabling to diffuse air in the environment. The induction openings  7 , as the throwing openings  6 , implement passages for diffusing the air present in the chamber  3  and, particularly, introduced in the chamber through the inlet  5 . Specifically, the plurality of induction through openings  7  comprise at least one group of induction through openings  7  aligned along a trajectory T 2  transversal, particularly perpendicular, to the axial extension of the channel  2  for defining a row F 2  of induction openings  7 . The induction openings  7  of the row F 2 , aligned along the trajectory T 2 , are equidistant from each other and advantageously have the same passage cross-section. Particularly, the induction openings  7  of the row F 2  are substantially defined on a plane perpendicular to the axial extension of the lateral wall, optionally perpendicular to the extension axis A of the channel  2 . The plurality of induction through openings  7  of the row F 2  itself advantageously have, besides the same air passage cross-section, the same shape (outline) and size. The attached figures illustrate in a non-limiting way a configuration of the openings  7  exhibiting all the same circular shape; it is not excluded the possibility of making induction openings  7  having an elliptical or polygonal shape, for example—and particularly of making through openings  7  having different shape and size. 
     Still more particularly, the induction through openings  7  are defined on at least one perimetral length of the lateral wall  4  of the channel  2 ; the perimetral length has an angular extension, measured transversally to the axial extension of the channel  2 , greater than 90°, particularly greater than 180°. Advantageously, the induction through openings  7  are defined along all the perimetral extension of the lateral wall  4  of the channel  2 . The attached figures illustrate a configuration of the lateral wall  4  having a circular cross-section; in such configuration, the induction openings  7  are defined along all the diameter of the wall  4 . The channel  2  can comprise only one group or row F 2  of induction openings  7  or can comprise a plurality of groups of induction openings  7 , each of them has openings  7  aligned along a respective row F 2 : each row F 2  is spaced, particularly aligned, along the axial extension of the channel  2 . Advantageously, all the induction through openings  7  defined on the channel  2 , are equidistant from each other along the respective alignment trajectory, and if there are plural rows F 2  they are equidistant also along the axial extension of the channel  2 . From a quantitative point of view, the lateral wall  4  of the channel  2  has a number of throwing through openings  7  for each linear 10 cm measured along the axial extension of the channel  2 , greater than  4 , particularly greater than 6, still more particularly comprised between 6 and 20. At least a predetermined number of throwing through openings  6  of the plurality, is distanced from a predetermined number of induction through openings  7  of the plurality along a direction parallel to the axial extension of the channel  2 . Particularly, the extension plane of the trajectory T 2  of the group of induction through openings  7  is distanced and parallel to the extension plane of the trajectory T 1  of the group of the throwing through openings  6 .  FIGS. 2, 4 and 8  schematically show an embodiment of the diffuser wherein at least a plurality of throwing through openings  6  is interposed between two groups of induction through openings  7 . Particularly, the channel  2  comprises a first plurality of induction through openings  7   a  defined at the lower end portion  4   b  of the lateral wall; moreover, the channel  2  comprises a second plurality of induction through openings  7   b  distinct from the first plurality of induction openings  7   a  and distanced from the axial extension of the channel  2 : the channel  2  comprises a plurality of throwing through openings  6  (one or more groups of openings  6  aligned along respective trajectories T 1  for defining one or more rows F 1 ) interposed between the first and second induction openings  7   a ,  7   b . Advantageously, the predetermined number of throwing through openings  6  has an air passage cross-section greater than an air passage cross-section of the predetermined number of induction through openings  7 . Particularly, at least part of the throwing through openings  6  of a respective group (the openings defining a row F 1  and aligned along the trajectory T 1 ) exhibit an air passage cross-section greater than a passage cross-section of at least part of the induction through openings  7  of a respective group (the openings  7  defining a row F 2  and aligned along the trajectory T 2 ). Preferably but in a non-limiting way, each of the throwing through openings  6  has an air passage cross-section greater than an air passage cross-section of each of the induction through openings  7 . From the dimensional point of view, each induction through opening  7  defines an air passage cross-section having an area less than 1,000 mm 2 , particularly less than 800 mm 2 . The plurality of induction through openings  7  defines an overall air passage cross-section having a predetermined total area (the overall passage area defined by all the induction openings  7  present on the diffuser  1 ). The ratio of the predetermined total area to a total area of the surface extension of the lateral wall  4  is greater than 1/100, particularly greater than 1/50. The ratio of the total area of the overall cross-section defined by the plurality of induction through openings  7  to the total area of the overall cross-section defined by the plurality of the throwing through openings  6  is greater than 1. The number of (throwing and induction) holes present on the diffuser  1  and the size thereof are suitably calculated for defining an induction diffuser or also the pulse diffuser capable of introducing high speed air into the environment to be treated by moving a large mass of the environment air without generating annoying current at the ground. The induction openings  7  (the smaller holes) are substantially configured for selecting the environment air quantity to be mixed with the delivery air while the throwing openings  6  (the larger holes) are configured for selecting a direction, speed and distance at which the mass of the environment air pre-mixed by the induction holes  7  is conveyed. De facto, the delivery air exiting the induction openings  7  at high speed generates strong micro-swirls outside the chamber  3  (in the environment) which cause a substantial depression near the perforated area which by induction suctions a quantity of air which is about thirty times greater than the blown air quantity. In the high induction (or pulse) conduits, the air exiting the induction openings generates an inductive effect on the surrounding air and on the air ejected from the throwing openings  6 , this in turn entails a mixing and an uniform diffusion inside the environment of a building with a drop of the exiting flow speed at a distance of few centimeters from the holes. In this way, it is obtained an optimal movement of the air with an abrupt decrease of the speed at a short distance from the diffuser and a high homogenizing of the environment temperature. 
     The diffuser, due to the presence of the throwing  6  and induction openings  7  instead of simply diffusing the delivery air into the environment, they “throw” it towards the area to be treated and therefore use the delivery air for “thrusting” and moving all the volume of the environment air. 
     The diffuser  1  can comprise a channel  2  (as hereinbefore described) comprising only a lateral wall  4 , an upper closing element  8  and a lower closing element  9 ; the lower closing element  9  can comprise a blind plug of planarly extending sheet.  FIG. 1  illustrates an element  10  for intercepting the air flow, engaged inside the chamber  3  of the channel  2 . The intercepting element  10  comprises a disc extending from a base portion  11 , placed at the lateral wall  4 , to an access portion  12 . Advantageously, the intercepting element  10  can be a panel or can be also made of a sheet, for example a metal sheet. The intercepting element  10  is housed inside the chamber  3  of the channel  2  and separates the interior of the same in a main chamber  13  and in an auxiliary chamber  14 ; the intercepting element  10  comprises an access  15  adapted to put in fluid communication the main chamber  13  with the auxiliary chamber  14 . Advantageously, the auxiliary chamber  14  comprises at least one discharging opening adapted to put in fluid communication the auxiliary chamber  14  itself with the outer environment. Optionally, the auxiliary chamber  14  comprises a plurality of discharging openings adapted to put in fluid communication the auxiliary chamber  14  with the outer environment. De facto, the air introduced into the chamber  3  through the inlet  5 , can reach the auxiliary chamber  14  through the access  15  and therefore lastly exits the channel  2  through one or more discharging openings  20  of the auxiliary chamber  14 . Particularly, the discharging openings  20  are defined on the lateral wall  4  and are aligned along a third trajectory T 3  parallel to the previous ones, with the presence of a large number of aligned perforations. There are a plurality of discharging openings  20  for each angular portion of 90°. The intercepting element  10  of the shown embodiment of the diffuser can comprise a flow adjusting member  16  engaged at the access  15  of the intercepting element  10 , relatively movable at least between:
         a completely opened position, wherein the element  16  enables a fluid communication between the main chamber  13  and auxiliary chamber  14 , and   a completely closed position, wherein the adjusting member  16  interdicts the communication between the main chamber  13  and auxiliary chamber  14 .       

     The adjusting member  16  is configured for managing the air passage from the main chamber  13  to the auxiliary chamber  14 . The flow adjusting member  16  can comprise, for example, one or more closing doors relatively rotatively movable as schematically shown, for example, in  FIGS. 1 and 4 . Advantageously, the diffuser  1  can further comprise an activating element  17 , for example an electric motor, operating (active) on the adjusting member  16 , and configured for moving the adjusting member  16  at least between the completely closed and completely opened positions. Particularly, the activating element  17  is configured for moving the adjusting member  16  to a plurality of intermediate positions comprised between the completely closed and completely opened positions, for defining a flow passage opening through the access  15  having a width variable as a function of the positions taken by the adjusting member  16  with respect to the container  13 . Based on the movement of the member  16 , it is possible to adjust the air mass passing through the access  15  and therefore to adjust the air passage from the main chamber  13  to the auxiliary chamber  14 . Moreover, the diffuser  1  can comprise at least one sensor  18  housed inside the chamber  3  of the channel  2  and configured for emitting a monitoring signal indicative of a pressure inside the chamber  3  of the channel  2 , particularly outside the auxiliary chamber  14  of the container  13 . Moreover, the diffuser can comprise a control unit  19  connected to the sensor  18  and activating element  17 ; the control unit  19  is configured for:
         receiving from the sensor  18 , the monitoring signal for estimating a fluid pressure inside the chamber  3  of the channel  2 , particularly outside the auxiliary chamber  14  of the container  13 ,   commanding the activating element  17  to move the adjusting member  16  as a function of the estimated pressure.       

     Particularly, the control unit  19  is configured for:
         receiving from the sensor  18 , the monitoring signal for estimating a fluid pressure inside the main chamber  13 ,   comparing the value of the estimated pressure inside the main chamber  13  with the value of a reference threshold,   upon the comparison step, commanding the activating element  17  to move the adjusting member  16  as a function of a predetermined relationship between the value of the estimated pressure inside the main chamber  13  of the channel  2  with the value of a reference threshold.       

     Advantageously but in a non-limiting way, the control unit  19  is configured for commanding the activating element  17  to move the adjusting member  16  when the estimated pressure inside the main chamber  13  of the channel arrives at or exceeds the value of the reference threshold. In this way, the control unit  16  is configured for managing possible undesired overpressure conditions inside the main chamber  13  by opening the member  16  and therefore discharging the air in the auxiliary chamber  14 . 
     Moreover, the diffuser  1  can comprise an additional sensor housed in the auxiliary chamber  14  and configured for emitting a monitoring signal indicative of a pressure of the air in the chamber  14 . The control unit  19  is connected to the sensor and is configured for:
         receiving from the sensor the monitoring signal for estimating a fluid pressure present in the auxiliary chamber  14 ,   comparing the value of the estimated pressure inside said main chamber  13  of the channel  2  with the value of a reference threshold,   upon the comparison step, commanding the activating element  17  to move the adjusting member  16  as a function of a predetermined relationship between the value of the estimated pressure inside said chamber  14 .       

     The movement of the adjusting member  16  can be therefore commanded by the control unit  19  as a function of at least one of:
         an estimated value of the air pressure inside the main chamber  13 ,   an estimated value of the air pressure inside the auxiliary chamber  14 ,   an estimated value of the pressure difference between the main chamber  13  and auxiliary chamber  14 .       

     Then, as it is more visible, the diffuser further comprises a plurality of substantially flat septa  24  substantially parallel to each other and housed in the chamber  3 . The septa can be defined by flat disc-shaped elements formed by panels, for example. 
     The septa define among each other a plurality of gaps  25  extending transversally to the main development axis A of the channel  2 ; particularly, such gaps are delimited by the lower face of a septum and by the upper face of the immediately following septum. All the gaps are peripherally opened at the area facing the lateral wall ( 4 ). Each septum  24  has a central opening  26  (usually, but not necessarily circular—even though polygonal or irregular openings are also possible) substantially aligned with the main development axis A of the channel  2 . Specifically, the central openings  26  of following septa  24  get smaller away from the inlet  5 . The septum  24  nearest to the inlet  5 , has indeed the widest central opening, the second septum reduces the size of the opening which is still wider than all the septa immediately consecutive to it. By observing from the top, the diffuser ( FIGS. 3 and 10 ), it is possible to recognize the gradually decreasing openings. One or more of the septa  24  are movable, or can be placed in a variable position, along the axis A of the channel  2 , varying their respective distance. In particular, each septum  24  is movable with respect to one other, in order to allow a variation of the distance in between. The septa  24  are movable approaching and moving away from the upper closing element  8 , remaining parallel to each other: the possibility to vary the position of the septa  24  allows a more flexibility in the air diffusion, mostly to reduce noise during operation and to change airflow direction. In addition, the variation of the septa  24  position allows to favor the air to pass through the throwing through openings  6  or the through openings  7 : in other words, this allows to a user to decide whether directing the air flow towards the throwing through openings  6  or the through openings  7 . This configuration enables to better direct the airflow towards the openings on the lateral wall  4  by causing the air to exit as more as possible perpendicular to the axis A and at correct pressures. 
     From a structural point of view, there are a plurality of constraining rods  27  maintaining the septa in position, equidistanced and parallel to each other (see  FIGS. 4 and 9 ). The constraining rods  27  are preferably arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the axis A of the channel  2 . The septa  24  comprise a plurality of holes through which the constraint rods  27  go through, allowing each septum to be bind to one or more of the constraining rods  27 . According to a further embodiment, the constraining rods  27  allows, at least during servicing or installation of the diffuser  1 , the septa  24  to move along the axis A of the channel  2 . In particular, the constraining rods  27  are threaded bars comprising supporting nuts  50  movable along the threaded bar and carrying the septa  24 , in order to keep them in a fixed position. A position variation along the threaded bars of the nuts  50  supporting a septum  24 , determines a movement of the septum  24  along the axis A of the channel  2  and therefore a variation of the distance between the septa  24 . The constraining rods  27  are arranged at least partially inside the chamber  3  at a peripheral zone of the diffuser  1 . 
     Lastly, a predetermined number of eyebolts  28  engaged to the top of the diffuser (to the upper closing element  8 , for example) enable to hold the diffuser itself in its vertical operative position emerging downwards from the top of the structure. 
     Second Embodiment of the Diffuser 
     A diffuser  1  according to a second embodiment is shown in figures from  7  to  11 , which comprises all the elements previously described except for the collar  21  and the discharging hatches  22  (which may or may be not present depending on the user needs). In particular, the diffuser  1  according to the second embodiment comprises the channel  2 , the lateral wall  4 , the induction through openings  7 , the throwing through openings  6 , the upper closing element  8  and the inlet  5  through which the air is allowed to enter into the chamber  3 . The second embodiment may also comprise the plurality of septa  24  inside the chamber  3 , which can be movable along the axis A of the channel  2 , and the intercepting element  10  combined with the adjusting member  16  and the activating element  17 . 
     The diffuser  1  comprises an upper cap  30 , which replaces the functionality of the discharging hatches  22  of the collar  21 . The upper cap  30  is in the shape of a panel or a sheet, particularly of metal material, which is flat and extending along a plane perpendicular to the extension axis of the lateral wall, in other words perpendicular to the axial extension of the lateral wall  4  or to the axis A of the channel  2 . 
     The upper cap  30  is faced to and arranged above the upper closing element  8 , substantially parallel to and spaced from it, in particular spaced from the lateral wall  4  of the diffuser: therefore the upper closing element  8  is interposed between the upper cap  30  and the chamber  3  with respect to the axis A of the channel  2 . The upper cap  30  links to the channel  2  by the constraining rods  27 , the latter emerging from the upper closing element  8  and coupling with the upper cap  30 . Alternatively, the upper cap  30  can be linked to the upper closing element  8  by pillars interposed in between and coupled to both the upper cap  30  and the closing element  8 . The upper cap  30  and the channel  2 , in particular the upper cap  30  and the upper closing element  8  of the channel  2 , are reciprocally movable, allowing varying their distance. The distance between the upper cap and the upper closing element  8  defines an upper lateral opening  22   a , arranged between the upper end portion  4   a  of the wall  4  and the upper cap  30 . The upper lateral opening  22   a  can vary its extension by changing the distance between the upper cap  30  and the upper closing element  8 : by reducing the distance between the upper closing element  8  and the upper cap  30 , the extension of the upper lateral opening  22   a  will be reduced accordingly and vice versa. The upper lateral opening  22   a  acts as the discharging hatches  22  of the collar  21  previously described: when design mistakes or installation tolerances cause an excessive pressure/flow inside the diffuser which consequently generates flows at the ground or vibrations/noises, these latter can be prevented by regulating (e.g., increasing) the distance between the upper cap  30  and the upper closing element  8 , increasing therefore the extension of the upper lateral opening  22   a . This allows to discharge the surplus of air into the environment for establishing again the correct pressure inside the diffuser  1 . The regulation of the upper lateral opening  22   a  may also be used to switch between heating to cooling condition when different air flows are required and therefore, more or less air needs to be discharged to avoid problems in the induction effects through the openings  6  and  7 . The constraining rods  27  are threaded bars comprising supporting nuts  50  movable along the threaded bar and carrying the upper cap  30 , in order to keep it in a fixed position. A position variation of the nuts  50  supporting the upper cap  30  along the threaded bars determines a movement of the upper cap  30  along the axis A of the channel  2  and a variation of the distance between the upper cap  30  and the upper closing element  8 . 
     The upper cap  30  has a passage aperture  31  delimited by a perimeter  31   a  and configured for enabling the air to pass through it, towards the inlet  5  of the upper closing element  8  and inside the chamber  3 . De facto, the upper cap  30  may have one or more openings passing through the element itself, and adapted to define the passage aperture  31  of the upper cap  30 . The attached  FIGS. 7 to 11  illustrate, in a non-limiting way, a configuration wherein the passage aperture  31  of the upper cap  30  is defined by a single through opening delimited by a free edge having a polygonal shape and particularly a square one (see  FIG. 7 , for example). The passage aperture  31  may also present a circular or elliptic shape. The passage aperture  31  of the upper cap  30  enables a fluid communication between the chamber  3  of the channel  2  and at least one selected in the group of a ducting, a ventilation system (for example a ventilator), and the outer environment. The passage aperture  31  is aligned with the inlet  5  of the upper closing element  8  along the axis A of the channel  2 : preferably, the passage aperture  31  is also counter shaped to the inlet  5  of the upper closing element  8  and presents an extension bigger than the one of the inlet  5 , as shown in  FIG. 10 . 
     As it is visible in the attached figures from  7  to  11 , the upper cap  30  presents a radial extension bigger than the one of the upper closing element  8 : in more detail, the upper cap  30  is a disk having a circular shape and presenting a diameter bigger than the one of the upper closing element  8 . In addition, the upper cap  30  presents a radial extension bigger than the one defined by the lateral wall  4 : in particular, the upper cap  30  presents a diameter bigger than the one of the lateral wall  4 . In other words, the upper cap  30  radially emerges from a radial size of the channel  2  as clearly shown in  FIG. 8 . This geometry allows to better direct discharged air horizontally. 
     Alternatively, the upper cap  30  may have a radial extension equal or substantially equal to the radial extension of the upper closing element  8 . 
     During operation, the diffuser  1  allows the air to come from a ventilation system, sequentially go through the passage aperture  31  of the upper cap  30  and the inlet  5  of the channel  2  and enter into the chamber  3 : in case of excessive pressure, some of the air passes through the upper lateral opening  22   a  between the upper cap  30  and the upper closing element  8  diffusing in the surrounding environment. Following, the air which entered the chamber  3  spreads between the septa  24  and leaves the diffuser  1  by passing through the throwing through openings  6  defined on the lateral wall  4  of the channel  2 , diffusing in the surrounding environment. 
     A predetermined number of eyebolts  28  are engaged to the upper cap  30 , in particular to an end portion of the constraining rods  27  at the level of the upper cap  30 : the eyebolts  28  enables to hold the diffuser itself in its vertical operative position emerging downwards from the top of the structure. 
     Third Embodiment of the Diffuser  1   
     A diffuser  1  according to a third embodiment is shown in figures from  12  to  14 , and comprises all the elements previously described according to the first embodiment except for lower closing element  9  and the collar  21  (which may be or may be not present). In particular, the diffuser  1  according to the second embodiment comprises the channel  2 , the lateral wall  4 , the induction through openings  7 , the throwing through openings  6 , the upper closing element  8  and the inlet  5  through which the air is allowed to enter into the chamber  3 . According to the third embodiment, inlet  5  of the upper closing element  8  may be directly coupled to a ducting or a ventilation system. The diffuser  1  according to the third embodiment also comprises the plurality of septa  24  inside the chamber  3 , which can be movable along the axis A of the channel  2 , and the intercepting element  10  combined with the adjusting member  16  and the activating element  17 . 
     The lower closing element  9  of the first embodiment is replaced by a lower cap  40  in the shape of a panel or a sheet, particularly of metal material, which is flat and extending along a plane perpendicular to the extension axis of the lateral wall, in other words perpendicular to the axial extension of the lateral wall  4  or to the axis A of the channel  2 . The lower cap  40  is faced to and arranged below the lower end portion  4   b  of the lateral wall  4 : in more detail the lower cap  40  faces the intercepting element  10 , and is substantially parallel to and spaced from it: therefore the intercepting element  10  is interposed between the lower cap  40  and the chamber  3  with respect to the axis A of the channel  2 . The lower cap  40  links to the channel  2  by the constraining rods  27 , the latter emerging downwards from the intercepting element  10  and coupling with the lower cap  40 . Alternatively, the lower cap  40  can be linked to the intercepting element  10  by pillars interposed in between and coupled to both the lower cap  40  and the intercepting element  10 . The lower cap  40  and the channel  2 , in particular the lower cap  40  and the intercepting element  10  of the channel  2 , are reciprocally movable, allowing varying their distance. The distance between the lower cap  40  and the intercepting element  10  defines a lower lateral opening  22   b , arranged in particular between the lower end portion  4   b  of the wall  4  and the lower cap  40 . The lower lateral opening  22   b  defined between the lower cap  40  and the intercepting element  10  can vary its extension by changing the distance between the lower cap  40  and the intercepting element  10 : by reducing the distance between the intercepting element  10  and the lower cap  40 , the extension of the lower lateral opening  22   a  will be reduced accordingly and vice versa. The lower lateral opening  22   b  acts as the discharging hatches  22  of the collar  21  previously described according to the first embodiment or as the lower lateral opening  22   a  defined between the upper cap  30  and the upper closing element  8 : when design mistakes or installation tolerances cause an excessive pressure/flow inside the diffuser which consequently generates flows at the ground or vibrations/noises, these latter can be prevented by increasing the distance between the lower cap  40  and the intercepting element  10 , increasing therefore the extension of the lower lateral opening  22   b  in between. This allows to discharge the surplus of air into the environment for establishing again the correct pressure inside the diffuser  1 . The constraining rods  27  are threaded bars comprising supporting nuts  50  movable along the threaded bar and carrying the lower cap  40 , in order to keep it in a fixed position. A position variation of the nuts  50 , supporting the lower cap  40 , along the threaded bars determines a movement of the lower cap  40  along the axis A of the channel  2  and a variation of the distance between the lower cap  40  and the intercepting element  10 . 
     As it is visible in the attached figures from  12  to  14 , the lower cap  40  presents a radial extension bigger than the one of the intercepting element  10 : in particular, the lower cap  40  is a disk having a circular shape and presenting a diameter bigger than the one of the intercepting element  10 . Thus, the lower cap  40  presents a radial extension, in particular a diameter, bigger than the one defined by the lateral wall  4 . In other words, the lower cap  40  radially emerges from a radial size of the channel  2  as clearly shown in  FIG. 12 . This configuration allows to direct air escaping from the lower lateral opening to be directed horizontally. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the radial extension of the lower cap  40  may be equal or substantially equal to the radial extension of the lower element  9 . 
     The diffuser according to the third embodiment comprises the adjusting member  16  of the intercepting element  10 , which allows the air to pass from the chamber  3  towards the upper 
     During operation, the diffuser  1  allows the air to come from a ventilation system, sequentially go through the inlet  5  of the channel  2  and enter into the chamber  3 : following, some of the air which entered the chamber  3  spreads between the septa  24  and leaves the diffuser  1  by passing through the throwing through openings  6  defined on the lateral wall  4  of the channel  2 , diffusing in the surrounding environment. In case of excessive pressure, some of the air passes through the flow adjusting member  16  of the intercepting element  10  down to the lower cap  40 , leaving the diffuser through the lower lateral opening  22   b    
     According to the third embodiment, both the adjusting member  16  of the intercepting element  10  and the lower lateral opening  22   b  allows for controlling the discharge of the excess of air pressure. 
     A predetermined number of eyebolts  28  are engaged to the upper closing element  8 , in particular to an end portion of the constraining rods  27  at the level of the upper closing element  8 : the eyebolts  28  enables to hold the diffuser itself in its vertical operative position emerging downwards from the top of the structure. 
     Treating Plant 
     Moreover, it is an object of the present description an air treating plant  100 , for example for conditioning, ventilating, humidifying areas of use in buildings. As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the plant  100  can comprise at least one ventilating system  101 , for example a ventilator, configured for generating an air flow. Further, the plant  100  comprises at least one diffuser  1  according to one or more of the attached claims and/or according to one embodiment of the above given description.  FIG. 13  illustrates in a non-limiting way a configuration of the plant  100  comprising two diffusers  1 ; it is not excluded the possibility of making a plant  100  comprising just one diffuser  1  or a number of diffusers greater than two. The plant  100  comprises a ducting  102  configured for putting in fluid communication the ventilation system  101  with the diffuser  1 , then an air flow generated by the ventilation system  101  is supplied to the diffuser  1  through the inlet  5  of this latter. The ducting  102  can comprise one or more conduits of sheet material, for example, of metal sheet or of fabric, directly connecting an outlet of the ventilation system  101  with the inlet of the diffuser. Advantageously but in a non-limiting way, the ducting  102  is configured for being stably fixed to a ceiling of a building so that such ducting  102 , under a condition of use of the plant  100 , extends parallel to the ceiling and particularly along a substantially horizontal plane.  FIG. 6  illustrates a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the invention, wherein the plant  100  comprises at least one general flow adjusting device  104  associated to the ducting  102  and placed at the inlet  5  of each diffuser  1 ; the general flow adjusting device  104  can comprise, for example, one or more doors movable with respect to the ducting and exhibiting a structure similar to the adjusting member  16  of the diffuser  1 . The general flow adjusting device  104  is configured for managing the passage of the air entering the diffuser  1 . Particularly, the general flow adjusting device  104  can comprise:
         at least one intercepting element  104   a  engaged inside the ducting  102  at the inlet  5  of each diffuser  1 , the intercepting element  104   a  being movable with respect to the ducting  102  at least between:
           a completely opened position wherein the element  104   a  enables the fluid communication between the ventilation system and diffuser  1 , and   a completely closed position wherein the element  104   a  interdicts the communication between the ventilation system and the diffuser,   
           at least one activating element  104   b , for example an electric motor, operating on the intercepting element  104   a  and configured for moving the element at least between the completely closed and completely opened positions.       

     The activating element  104   b  is configured for moving the intercepting element  104  to a plurality of intermediate positions, comprised between the completely closed and completely opened positions, for defining a flow passage opening through the inlet  5  of the diffuser having a width variable as a function of the positions taken by the intercepting element with respect to the ducting. Moreover, the plant  100  can advantageously comprise at least one general sensor  103  disposed inside the ducting  102  between the ventilation system  101  and the inlet  5  of each diffuser  1 . In other words, the sensor  103  is placed upstream each diffuser  1  of the plant according to an advancement direction of the generated fluid flow of the system  101  inside the ducting  102 . The general sensor  103  is configured for generating a signal indicative of a pressure and/or fluid flow rate parameters in the ducting  102 . Moreover, the plant can comprise a control unit  19  (the control unit can be that of a diffuser  1  or can be a control unit distinct from the unit of a diffuser  1 ) connected to the general sensor  103  and general flow adjusting member  104 ; the control unit is configured for:
         receiving from the general sensor  103 , the signal for estimating a fluid pressure present in the ducting  102 ,   commanding the general fluid flow adjusting device  104  to adjust the air as a function of estimated pressure inside the ducting  102 .       

     Specifically, the control unit  19  is configured for:
         receiving from the general sensor  103 , the signal for estimating a fluid pressure present in the ducting  102 ,   commanding the activating element  104   b  of the general fluid flow adjusting device  104  to move the intercepting element  104   a  as a function of the estimated pressure.       

     Advantageously, the control unit  19  is configured for:
         receiving from the general sensor  103 , the signal for estimating a fluid pressure present in the ducting  102 ,   comparing the value of the estimated pressure inside the ducting  102  with the value of a reference threshold,   upon the comparison step, commanding the activating element  104   b  of the general fluid flow adjusting device to move the intercepting element  104   a  as a function of a predetermined relationship between the value of the estimated pressure inside the chamber  3  of the channel  2  with the value of a reference threshold.       

     Preferably, but in a non-limiting way, the control unit  19  is configured for commanding the activating element  104   b  of the general fluid flow adjusting device to move the intercepting element  104   a  when the estimated pressure inside the ducting  102  arrives at or exceeds the value of the reference threshold. 
     Use of the Diffuser 
     Moreover, it is an object of the present description a use of the diffuser  1  according to one of the embodiments of the above given description and according to anyone of the attached claims for treating air in an area of use in a building, particularly in at least one of the following areas: a room, a laboratory, an office. 
     For example, the air treating step can comprise at least one selected in the group among the following steps: conditioning, ventilating, humidifying, and heating. The diffuser, during the use, is configured for being disposed along a vertical direction and particularly transversally to a ceiling of the area of use; for example, the diffuser  1 , under a condition of use, has the extension axis thereof placed transversally, particularly normal, to a development plane of a ceiling to which the diffuser is associated. In a condition of use, the diffuser  1  exhibits throwing  6  and induction through holes  7  defined on the lateral wall  4  extending along an axial vertical direction; the inlet  5  or the upper cap  30  face the ceiling of an area of use in the building, while the lower end portion  4   b  or the lower cap  40  faces the ground.