Patent Publication Number: US-2023153275-A1

Title: Method and system for expanding storage capacity using cloud storage systems

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/336,403, filed on Jun. 2, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/245,244, filed on Jan. 10, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,042,445, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/497,102, filed Aug. 25, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,180,883, issued on Jan. 15, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/832,771, filed Aug. 21, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,646,010, issued on May 9, 2017, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/042,679, filed Aug. 27, 2014, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a method and system of expanding the apparent storage capacity of a local storage drive by storing data at and retrieving data from cloud storage through the local storage drive. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In recent years, the demand for data storage has rapidly increased. Traditionally, in order to store a large amount of data, users employ various devices and methods, such as additional storage devices and upgrades to existing hardware. Efficient use of data storage capacity is facilitated by managing free space on storage devices, purging data that is no longer needed, and so on. 
     Cloud storage has become more popular in recent years. The “cloud” is a metaphorical term that refers to a distributed environment for data processing and storage over a network of connected processing and storage resources. Cloud technology provides a user with convenient access to all such resources on the cloud. For example, many cloud storage solutions require only minimal management for the user. Cloud storage provides users with immediate access to a broad range of resources and applications that are hosted in the infrastructure of remote network resources, via a web service interface. Cloud systems may also be advantageous because they often have redundancy and durability built in. As such, data storage may be more reliable in a redundant cloud storage system than in other non-cloud systems. 
     By storing files on the cloud storage system, the user can remotely access and download files. For example, a user can transfer a file from a desktop computer to the cloud-based storage, and then later the user can access that file from a different computing device. 
     Any given stand-alone computer or data processing system will have a finite (albeit large) data storage capacity. By contrast, the sum total of all of the storage resources potentially available on the cloud may be regarded as unlimited. However, due to limitations in the throughput and transfer speed between the user&#39;s local system and the cloud, users have found it to be cumbersome to store data in cloud storage systems. For example, when a large amount of data is to be stored in the cloud, the user&#39;s computer must remain on, and must remain connected to a communication network, (such as the internet) for the duration of the data transfer. In addition, large transfers over existing means such as through a web browser often fail and require the user to make multiple attempts at uploading. 
     Managing the data stored on the cloud can be cumbersome. For example, when a user performs operations such as move, rename, and add folders, and so on, with the original files that are directly uploaded in the cloud, the cloud storage resources may employ application processes and procedures that are different from those to which the user is accustomed on the local system. The process of moving files may additionally be cumbersome, if it is done via a cloud application rather than using local file system operations. 
     In light of the aforementioned reasons, it appears that there is a need to introduce a method and system which allows a device to automatically upload to a cloud account and also facilitate automatic removal of the uploaded files from the device, so that the device&#39;s storage capacity is not limited or reduced by the current or past presence of the uploaded data. These and other drawbacks associated with conventional systems of storing data at a local storage device or through the cloud exist. 
     SUMMARY 
     The invention addressing these and other drawbacks relates to a method or system of expanding the storage capacity of a local storage drive by storing data at and retrieving data from cloud storage through the local storage drive (also referred to herein as “drive”), according to an implementation of the invention. The drive may be configured as a standalone storage device, which may be coupled (via a wired or wireless connection) to a user electronic device such as a computer. The drive may have network communication capability that allows the drive to upload data to and download data from cloud storage, which may be offered by various cloud storage providers. 
     The drive may include a physical memory, which may include a local storage buffer. When data is transferred to the drive for storage (e.g., from the user electronic device), the data may be stored in the local storage buffer and uploaded to cloud storage. In an implementation, upon receipt of an acknowledgement from cloud storage that the data has been successfully uploaded, the drive may delete the data from the local storage buffer. Thus, storage capacity of the local storage buffer (and therefore the drive itself) may be allocated for other data to be transferred from the user electronic device (or other data source). These and other operations (described herein) may be programmed as default measures of the drive (e.g., set by a manufacturer of the drive, a user of the device, etc.). 
     The drive may generate ghost files (or otherwise store such ghost files on the drive) that represent the transferred data so that the data is accessible to the user from the drive as if the data is stored at the drive. A given ghost file may be represented as an icon, a thumbnail, or other visual indication of the transferred data. The device may store a given ghost file in a location that corresponds to the transferred data. For instance, a user may drag a file from the user electronic device to a folder on the drive. In other examples, the user may use a “save as” function from the user electronic device to the folder on the drive. Other ways of receiving data to be stored through the drive may be used as well. The drive may store the file in the local storage buffer, upload the file to cloud storage, remove the file from the drive upon acknowledgement that the file was successfully uploaded, and place a ghost file in the folder (e.g., a ghost file generated by the drive, a ghost file generated in the cloud and provided to the drive for storage in the folder, etc.). The user may obtain the file through the ghost file by double-clicking, dragging, or otherwise selecting the ghost file. Upon selection of the ghost file, the drive associates the ghost file with the actual file stored at cloud storage, retrieves the file from cloud storage, and provides the contents of the file through the drive. In this manner, files stored using cloud storage may appear to the user to be stored at the drive. 
     In an implementation, the physical memory may be used to persistently store data. For instance, the drive may include a second area (e.g., a second folder) that corresponds to files persistently stored at the drive (which may also be stored at cloud storage). In this manner, the drive may be used as a conventional storage device as well, but having at least a first area (e.g., a first folder) designated for cloud storage and at least a second area (e.g., a second folder) designated for local persistent storage. Upon creating a folder, for instance, the drive may associate the folder with cloud storage, local persistent storage, or both. In some instances the drive may make such association based on user input (e.g., the user may specify whether different folders should correspond to cloud storage, local persistent storage, or both). 
     In an implementation, different folders may correspond to different storage areas. For instance, a working files folder, an archive folder, a local only folder, and/or other types of folders. The working files folder may correspond to files persistently stored locally at the drive. The files in the working files folder may also be copied to the cloud such that files in the working folder are backed up on the cloud. The archive folder may correspond to files whose originals are stored only on the cloud using a cloud storage account and where only ghost files exist locally. The local only folder may correspond to files stored only locally (and not backed up on the cloud). A given file may be moved between the different folders, causing the given file to be stored at different locations, depending on where the file has been moved to/from. For instance, a file in the working files folder that is moved (e.g., via a drag and drop or other interaction) to the archive folder may cause the file to be removed from the local storage drive (since the file is already stored on the cloud, the effect of this action effectively makes the file stored only on the cloud, freeing up local storage capacity). In this instance, the drive may create (or otherwise store) a ghost file representation of the file in the archive folder. Likewise, moving a ghost file from the archive folder to the working files folder may cause the corresponding original file to be downloaded from the cloud to the working files folder. Moving a ghost file from the archive folder to the local only folder may cause the file to be deleted from the cloud and added to the local only folder (as well as creating a file icon for the actual file). Moving a ghost file from working files folder to the local only folder may cause the file to be deleted from the cloud. Other types of file movements between other types of folders may cause similar file movements and creation of file representations (whether file icons, ghost files, or other representations) as well. 
     In an implementation, the drive may access more than one cloud storage accounts provided by the same or different cloud storage providers. For instance, the drive may create (e.g., at the direction of the user, such as during a registration process) different folders corresponding to different cloud storage accounts. In particular, the drive may create a first folder that corresponds to a first cloud storage service and a second folder that corresponds to a second cloud storage service. In this manner, depending on the folder to which a file is dragged, drive may cause the file to be stored locally, at a first cloud storage, at a second cloud storage, and/or other location, allowing the user easy control over where a given file is to be stored. 
     In an implementation, the drive may provide file deletion recovery capability. For instance, upon user deletion of an actual file stored locally or a ghost file corresponding to cloud storage from the drive, the drive may cause the actual file or ghost file to be moved to an area such as a folder corresponding to deleted data. Such area/folder may be visible or invisible to the user. The drive may associate the deleted file or ghost file with a deletion time and keep the file in the deleted area until a predetermined time has expired (e.g., 30 days). Upon expiration of the predetermined time, the drive may actually delete the file or cause the file to be removed from cloud storage. If the user requests deletion recovery before expiration of the predetermined time, then the drive may restore the file or ghost file to its original location, or to a separate recovery folder where the user can then move it to an appropriate location. 
     The drive may manage deletion recovery in other ways as well. For instance, immediately upon receiving a request to delete a file or ghost file, drive may copy the file (whether stored locally or at cloud storage) to a recovery area and remove the file or ghost file (as well as cause cloud storage to remove the file, if applicable). The file may remain in the recovery area (and may be recoverable) until expiration of the predetermined time, after which the file is deleted from the deleted area. The recovery area may be part of a partition of the drive, cloud storage, and/or storage provided by the system. 
     In an implementation, the drive may be programmed with instructions (e.g., firmware), which may be embedded in the drive. This may allow for operation without downloading separate applications or instructions to operate. In this manner, the drive may be “plug-n-play” ready, leveraging the interfaces of an attached user electronic device. For instance, drag-and-drop capability of the user electronic device may be used to transfer files between the device and cloud storage, between the cloud storage and data sources, and/or between the device and other data sources. In other instances, the device may leverage the use of differentially representing files (e.g., coloring file icons separately) based on its transfer progress. An example includes use of OS X labels, from APPLE INC. For instance, a file being transferred may have its file label colored yellow, a file whose transfer is complete may have its file label colored green, a file whose transfer is complete and has been ghosted may have its file label colored blue, and a file whose transfer failed may have its file label changed to red. Other colors and representations may be used as well. In an implementation, the drive may be self-contained for use without an attached user electronic device. For instance, the drive may include an output device that indicates a status of an upload and/or an input device used to control file transfers. The output device may include a display, an indicator light, a speaker, and/or or other device that can provide an output related to the functions described herein. The input device may include a soft or hard button, a rocker switch, a touch screen, and/or other device that can receive an input related to the functions described herein. For instance, a user may use an input device to indicate that files from a storage source be transferred to the cloud or other storage location associated with the drive. The output device may indicate, the transfer status via the output device. In these instances, the storage drive may include a storage input device (e.g., a USB, FIREWIRE, BLUETOOTH receiver/transmitter, etc.) that can receive an input from an external data source (e.g., a USB memory stick) and upload contents of the external data source to the cloud storage without a connected user electronic device (e.g., a user&#39;s computer). 
     These and other objects, features, and characteristics of the system and/or method disclosed herein, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structure and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. As used in the specification and in the claims, the singular form of “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the accompanying figures, similar reference numerals may refer to identical or functionally similar elements. These reference numerals are used in the detailed description to illustrate various implementations and to explain various aspects and advantages of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a system for expanding the storage capacity of a local storage drive using cloud storage, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  2 A  illustrates a local storage drive that stores data at and retrieves data from cloud storage, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  2 B  illustrates a computer system that facilitates expansion of the storage capacity of a local storage drive using cloud storage, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a process flow diagram for expanding the storage capacity of a local storage drive using cloud storage, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a process flow diagram for retrieving data across a cloud based storage system using a drive, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a process flow diagram for storing data persistently at a local storage drive and/or storage, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates a process flow diagram for providing deleted data that is recoverable within a threshold time, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  7    illustrates a process flow diagram for storing data at different cloud storage services, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  8 A  illustrates an exemplary graphical user interface screen shot of a finder window displayed at a user electronic device, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  8 B  depicts an exemplary graphical user interface screen shot illustrating uploading user files into cloud storage through the local storage drive, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  8 C  depicts an exemplary graphical user interface screen shot illustrating copying user files into the local storage drive from cloud storage, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  8 D  depicts an exemplary graphical user interface screen shot displaying copied user files in the drive, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  9 A  depicts an exemplary graphical user interface screen shot of a working folder that represents data stored persistently at the local storage drive, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  9 B  depicts an exemplary graphical user interface screen shots illustrating how files of a working folder that represents data stored persistently at the local storage drive can be moved to an archive folder that represents data stored using cloud storage, according to an implementation of the invention. 
         FIG.  9 C  depicts an exemplary graphical user interface screen shots illustrating how files of an archive folder that represents data stored using cloud storage can be moved to a working folder that represents data stored persistently at the local storage drive, according to an implementation of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The above-mentioned needs are met by a method and system for utilizing a storage drive as a temporary repository for data, while preserving for the user the perception of an unlimited storage capacity across a cloud storage environment, and while employing the user&#39;s familiar application processes and procedures for data storage and retrieval. 
     System Architecture 
     In accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter, interfacing hardware is provided as a separate, stand-alone local storage device such as a hard drive. This interfacing hardware is coupled between the user&#39;s local computer system and the network. The interfacing hardware is used to temporarily store the data before transferring through the network, to or from the cloud. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a system  100  for expanding the storage capacity of a local storage drive using cloud storage, according to an implementation of the invention. System  100  may include a local storage drive  102  (also referred to interchangeably herein as “drive  102 ”), a user electronic device  104 , cloud storage  106 , a computer system  108 , and/or other components. The components illustrated in system  100  may be connected to one another via a network  101 . 
     In an implementation, drive  102  may be directly coupled to user electronic device  104  other than through network  101 . For instance, drive  102  may be directly connected to user electronic device  104  through a local wireless or wired connection. Such local wireless or wired connection may include, without limitation, a USB connection, an Ethernet connection, a THUNDERBOLT connection, a FIREWIRE connection, a Wi-Fi connection, a BLUETOOTH connection, and/or other type of local connection. 
     Drive  102  may be configured as an external storage device such as an external hard drive. In the discussion which follows, certain functionality will be attributed to drive  102 . While there may be implementations in which drive  102  is implemented as an intelligent device having its own on-board computer processor, software program code, etc., for implementing such functionality, the present specification shall not be understood to be limited to such implementations. Rather, the functionality, processor and software, etc., implementing such functionality may instead reside on-board the user electronic device  104 , or on another piece of associated computer equipment (not shown separately in  FIG.  1   ) which supports the functionality here described. Therefore, it will be understood that the attribution of such functionality to the drive  102  itself, is a non-limiting convention, merely presented for convenient understanding of the implementations here contemplated. 
     Drive  102  enables the user to move data from the user electronic device  104  to the cloud storage  106 . For example, a user uses the user interface functions supported by the operating system of the user electronic device  104 , to store the files at cloud storage  106 . This, for instance, may simply involve dragging and dropping an icon for a data object onto a window, icon, etc., representing drive  102 . 
     Upon receiving such data from the user electronic device  104 , drive  102  stores the data locally. Then, drive  102  automatically uploads the stored data into the cloud storage  106 . Unlike the conventional systems, no additional user interaction is required for managing the data while storing in the cloud storage  106 . Since the cloud storage  106  has for practical purposes infinite storage capacity, the user perceives that infinite storage capacity even though drive  102  itself has only a finite storage capacity. The storage capacity of drive  102  that is available to the user is not reduced or limited, because the automatic upload to the cloud also includes automatic cleanup of the drive  102 , so that the storage capacity of the drive  102  that temporarily was taken up by the data again becomes available. These and other operations (described herein) may be programmed as default measures of the drive (e.g., set by a manufacturer of the drive, a user of the device, etc.), for example, to automatically upload the stored data, automatically cleanup the drive  102 , or to facilitate other automatic operations. 
     In an embodiment, drive  102  can create ghost versions of the user&#39;s files (used interchangeably herein with “ghost files”) along with the original folder structure. A ghost file is a representation of an original file that has been transferred to cloud storage and is no longer locally stored. In some instances, a ghost file may be represented in a manner similar to an actual file stored locally and may therefore be indistinguishable (from a user perspective) from an actual file. Thus, a ghost file may give the user the perception that the data, which is actually in the cloud, appears to be stored at drive  102 . For example, the ghost versions can include, but not limited to, negligibly small files with the same file name, small jpg files (such as low resolution pictures or thumbnails), html files, and/or other type of representation. Hence, the users can have access to high level information of the data, such as the filename, filetype, or abstract of its content, by using the ghost files. Thus, unlike the conventional systems, the users can keep track of original files and manage them (moving or renaming or adding folders, and so on) by manipulating the ghost files on drive  102 . In some instances, a ghost file can be distinguished from an actual file. In some of these instances, for example, a ghost file may be visually depicted differently than an actual file. Such visual depiction may include shadowing, use of transparency (e.g., a ghost file may be visually depicted as semi-transparent), use of a visual marker (e.g., an asterisk, an icon indicating a file is a ghost file) displayed in association with a ghost file, and/or other visual depiction that distinguishes a ghost file representation (which is associated with a file stored at cloud storage) from a non-ghost file representation (e.g., an actual file representation that is associated with a file stored locally). 
     After the user moves the data from the user electronic device  104  to drive  102 , the data is transferred to the cloud for more permanent storage. Upon successful upload to cloud storage  106 , drive  102  may generate ghost files representative of the transferred data, and delete the data from drive  102 . The ghost files permit the user to visualize the files that have been stored in the cloud, represented in the familiar file system as it is supported by the operating system of the user electronic device  104 . The user may then manage/organize those files also in that same interface (rename, move to folders, etc.) 
     In an embodiment, the data can be moved in batches or suitable modular quantities, herein referred to without limitation as “chunks” or “data items,” and that the chunks may vary in size, but not exceed the capacity of drive  102 . Since today&#39;s data storage drives have large capacities at low costs per unit of data, the size of the chunks can be moved is not likely to be an undesirable limiting factor for the user. In an embodiment, the chunk can be partitioned and stored separately in the cloud storage  106 . 
     Drive  102  automatically, and in an embodiment continuously, verifies whether the data is successfully stored in the cloud storage  106 . When a chunk is transferred from drive  102  to the cloud storage  106 , and the cloud acknowledges receipt of the chunk, the drive clean-up involves deleting the entire chunk from the drive, keeping only the ghost file. 
     As long as the clean-up process and the data transfer throughput rate keep up with the user&#39;s employment of user interface activities to move data chunks, there is always freed-up drive space for the next chunk of data to be transferred. As a result, drive  102  always maintains sufficient space for additional data to transfer to cloud storage  106 . Thus, the finite capacity of drive  102  is transparent to the user, and the data transfer throughput rate does not serve as a data transfer bottleneck, nor does it detract from the user&#39;s perception that essentially infinite storage space is available for use. 
     The user electronic device  104  can be, but not limited to, personal computers (such as a laptop computer, desktop computer), personal digital assistant (PDA), and mobile devices (such as cell phones, and smart phones). When a store request is received from a user, the system  100  allows the user electronic device  104  to transfer the data to be stored to drive  102 . 
     The cloud storage  106  can be any network cloud that provides network connectivity. For example, the cloud storage  106  can be local area network, wide area network, intranet, or the Internet. The cloud storage  106  connectivity may be wired or wireless including radio frequency (RF), infrared, or electromagnetic connectivity. The cloud storage  106  further includes data storage capacity. In an embodiment, the cloud storage  106  is a remote storage system provided by the cloud storage network provider for remotely storing the user&#39;s data. For example, the cloud storage network provider can be a third party service provider or a site that belongs to the enterprise that uses the system  100 . Typically, the cloud storage  106  provides virtually unlimited storage capacity to the users. The cloud storage  106  may include one or more servers and extremely large storage subsystems, for example, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAIDs). 
     Network  101  may include any one or more of, for instance, the Internet, an intranet, a PAN (Personal Area Network), a LAN (Local Area Network), a WAN (Wide Area Network), a SAN (Storage Area Network), a MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), a wireless network, a cellular communications network, a Public Switched Telephone Network, and/or other network. 
     Cloud storage  106  may include one or more networked storage solutions (e.g., AMAZON S3, GOOGLE DRIVE, MICROSOFT AZURE, etc.) offered by various cloud storage services (e.g. vendors such as AMAZON, GOOGLE, MICROSOFT, etc.). In some implementations, cloud storage  106  may include one or more online/social storage systems such as, without limitation (PICASSA, INSTAGRAM, FACEBOOK, etc.). Thus, cloud storage  106  may include one or more networked storage solutions to which data can be uploaded or from which data may be downloaded (typically using account credentials). 
     Functionality of Drive  102   
       FIG.  2 A  illustrates a local storage drive  102  that stores data at and retrieves data from cloud storage, according to an implementation of the invention. Drive  102  may include one or more processor(s)  201 , a storage device  203 , and/or other components. Storage device  203  may include a temporary data storage buffer  207 , a persistent storage  209 , and/or other storage partition/area. Temporary data storage buffer  207  may be used to temporarily store data while such data awaits transfer to cloud storage  106 . Persistent storage  209  may be configured to store data locally at drive  102  in addition to or instead of at cloud storage  106 . 
     Processors  201  may be programmed by one or more computer program instructions. For example, processors  201  may be programmed by device management application  205  (which may be stored at storage device  203 ) and/or other instructions. Device management application  205  may itself include various instructions that program drive  102 . The instructions may include, without limitation, an interface module  202 , a data management module  206 , a verification module  208 , a data cleanup module  210 , and/or other instructions  212  that program drive  102  to perform various operations, each of which are described in greater detail herein. As used herein, for convenience, the various instructions will be described as performing an operation, when, in fact, the various instructions program the processors  201  (and therefore drive  102 ) to perform the operation. 
     Drive  102 , as a stand-alone device, may have sufficient on-board computing capability to perform the functions described herein without the use of any external processor. Alternatively, a processor on another device, such as user electronic device  104  or computer system  108 , may perform one or more of the functions described with respect to device management application  205 . 
     As described herein, computer software products can be written in any of various suitable programming languages. The computer software product can be an independent application with data input and data display modules. Alternatively, the computer software products can be classes that can be instantiated as distributed objects. The computer software products can also be component software, for example Java Beans (from Sun Microsystems) or Enterprise Java Beans (EJB from Sun Microsystems). Much functionality described herein can be implemented in computer software, computer hardware, or a combination. 
     Furthermore, a computer that is running the previously mentioned computer software can be connected to a network and can interface to other computers using the network. The network can be an intranet, internet, or the Internet, among others. The network can be a wired electronic network, telephone network, packet network, an optical network, or a wireless network, or a combination of such networks. For example, data and other information can be passed between the computer and components (or operations) of a system using a wireless network based on a protocol, for example Wi-Fi (IEEE standards 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11e, 802.11g, 802.11i, and 1802.11n). In one example, signals from the computer can be transferred, at least in part, wirelessly to components or other computers. 
     It is to be understood that although various components are illustrated herein as separate entities, each illustrated component represents a collection of functionalities that can be implemented as software, hardware, firmware or any combination of these. Where a component is implemented as software, it can be implemented as a standalone program, but can also be implemented in other ways, for example as part of a larger program, as a plurality of separate programs, as a kernel loadable module, as one or more device drivers or as one or more statically or dynamically linked libraries. 
     As will be understood by those familiar with the art, the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Likewise, the particular naming and division of the portions, modules, agents, managers, components, functions, procedures, actions, layers, features, attributes, methodologies and other aspects are not mandatory or significant, and the mechanisms that implement the invention or its features may have different names, divisions and/or formats. 
     Furthermore, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art, the portions, modules, agents, managers, components, functions, procedures, actions, layers, features, attributes, methodologies and other aspects of the invention can be implemented as software, hardware, firmware or any combination of the three. Of course, wherever a component of the present invention is implemented as software, the component can be implemented as a script, as a standalone program, as part of a larger program, as a plurality of separate scripts and/or programs, as a statically or dynamically linked library, as a kernel loadable module, as a device driver, and/or in every and any other way known now or in the future to those of skill in the art of computer programming. Additionally, the present invention is in no way limited to implementation in any specific programming language, or for any specific operating system or environment. 
     Furthermore, it will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art that where the present invention is implemented in whole or in part in software, the software components thereof can be stored on computer readable media as computer program products. Any form of computer readable medium can be used in this context, such as magnetic or optical storage media. Additionally, software portions of the present invention can be instantiated (for example as object code or executable images) within the memory of any programmable computing device. 
     Exemplary Architecture of Drive  102   
     Referring again to the block diagram in  FIG.  2 A , the interface module  202  generally governs and manages the input and output of drive  102 . The interface module  202  facilitates communication between drive  102  and the user electronic device  104 . The interface may include any interconnect or bus such as Ethernet, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), PCI Express, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), serial SCSI, iSCSI, Fibre Channel, and Direct Media Interface (DMI), and so on. 
     The interface module  202  also provides interface to the cloud storage devices (for example, the cloud storage  106 ) to store archive information such as code, programs, files, data, and applications. For example, the interface may include Ethernet, SCSI, serial SCSI, iSCSI, Fibre Channel, Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) (parallel and/or serial), Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), enhanced IDE, ATA Packet Interface (ATAPI), and so on. The interface module  202  can be configured to receive data from the user electronic device  104 , and to pass the data to the data storage buffer  204  in drive  102 . 
     The data storage buffer  204  may be a partitioned subset of the drive data storage available on drive  102 . It receives the data chunk from the user electronic device  104  through the interface module  202 . The data storage buffer  204  stores the data chunk temporarily before the data chunk is transferred to the cloud storage  106 . The data storage buffer  204  also stores the ghost files of the data along with original folder structure. 
     The data management module  206  synchronizes local operations to the cloud database and automatically uploads new data chunks to the cloud storage  106  from the data storage buffer  204  of drive  102 , in accordance with a suitable data transfer and storage protocol of the cloud storage  106 . The data management module  206  can be configured to update a remote record of the transferred data, so the data or the files stored in the cloud storage  106  can be seen or recovered without having access to drive  102 , for example, through a web interface to another user electronic device. 
     In an implementation, data management module  206  may maintain different storage areas of storage device  203 . For instance, data management module  206  may store a Working Folder (or other storage area) at persistent storage  209  that persistently stores data at drive  102 , an Archive Folder (or other storage area) that stores ghost files, a deleted folder that stores data that has been deleted (but may be recovered, as described herein), and/or other storage areas. 
     The verification module  208  continuously verifies whether the data is successfully transferred in the cloud storage  106  and stored therein. Further, the verification module  208  can be configured to receive an acknowledgement from the cloud in response to successful transfer of the user&#39;s data in the cloud storage  106 . Once the verification acknowledgement is received from the cloud storage  106 , the data cleanup module  210  removes the substantial portion of data from the data storage buffer  204  in order to make space for additional data to be copied. 
     Functionality of the Computer System 
       FIG.  2 B  illustrates a computer system  108  that facilitates expansion of the storage capacity of a local storage drive using cloud storage, according to an implementation of the invention. Computer system  108  may include one or more processor(s)  211 , a storage device  213 , and/or other components. 
     Processors  211  may be programmed by one or more computer program instructions. For example, processors  211  may be programmed by one or more instructions (which may be stored at storage device  213 ) and/or other instructions. The instructions may include, without limitation, a registration module  220 , a cloud interface module  222 , a data management module  224 , and/or other instructions  226  that program computer system  108  to perform various operations, each of which are described in greater detail herein. As used herein, for convenience, the various instructions will be described as performing an operation, when, in fact, the various instructions program the processors  211  (and therefore computer system  108 ) to perform the operation. 
     In an implementation, registration module  220  may obtain registration information related to use of drive  102 . The registration information may be obtained via a website, mobile application, or other interface through which a user may provide such information to registration module  220 . The registration information may be stored at computer system  108 , at drive  102 , and/or other location. 
     The registration information may include, without limitation, a device identifier that identifies drive  102 , a user identifier that identifies a user of drive  102 , account credential information used to access an account at cloud storage  106 , and/or other information. The account credential information may include an identity of a cloud service provider, an account identifier, authentication information (e.g., a password or other secret), and/or other information used to logon to a pre-existing account associated with a user to store information at cloud storage  106 . 
     In some instances, registration module  220  may facilitate setting up an account at cloud storage  106  if the user has not already signed up for such an account. In some instances, drive  102  may be pre-programmed with a trial account at cloud storage  106 . In this manner, a user may sign up for a trial account to use with drive  102 . 
     In instances where multiple cloud storage services may be used, registration module  220  may obtain and store account credential information for each such service. Additionally, registration module  220  may setup various storage areas (e.g., folders) that each correspond to a given storage service. For instance, using information obtained by registration module  220 , drive  102  may generate a first set of one or more folders that correspond to a first cloud storage  106 , a second set of one or more folders that correspond to a second cloud storage  106 , and so on. In this manner, a user may configure drive  102  to store data using different cloud storage services and may cause data to be stored at the different cloud storage services by dragging files to their appropriate folders. 
     In an implementation, cloud interface module  222  may access cloud storage  106  based on the account credential information. Cloud interface module  222  may access different cloud storage services using respective interfaces exposed by such services. In some instances, cloud interface module  222  may itself use an interface that interacts with interfaces exposed by cloud storage services. In this manner, the system may be cloud storage agnostic and use any available cloud storage service. 
     In an implementation, data management module  224  may facilitate the transfer of data between drive  102  and cloud storage  106 . For instance, in some instances, data management module  224  may receive data from drive  102  and transfer the data to cloud storage  106 . In some instances, data management module  224  may receive, from drive  102 , a request to obtain data from cloud storage  106  and cause the data to be transferred from cloud storage  106  to drive  102 . In other instances, such transfer may occur directly between drive  102  and cloud storage  106  without intervention by computer system  108 . It should be noted that the various functions described herein with respect to computer system  108  may be provided by drive  102 . For instance, drive  102  may obtain and store registration information using one or more interfaces of an electronic user device  104 , as well as set up various folders described herein. 
     Process for Storing Data on the Cloud 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a process flow diagram  300  for expanding the storage capacity of a local storage drive using cloud storage, according to an implementation of the invention. The various processing operations and/or data flows depicted in  FIG.  3    (and in the other drawing figures) are described in greater detail herein. The described operations may be accomplished using some or all of the system components described in detail above and, in some implementations, various operations may be performed in different sequences and various operations may be omitted. Additional operations may be performed along with some or all of the operations shown in the depicted flow diagrams. One or more operations may be performed simultaneously. Accordingly, the operations as illustrated (and described in greater detail below) are exemplary by nature and, as such, should not be viewed as limiting. 
     Initially, system  100  may receive a request from the user device (i.e., user electronic device  104 ) to store a data item in the cloud storage  106 . In an operation  302 , a store request is received from the user through the user electronic device  104 . The user can send the store request by using a suitable user interface provided through the user interface of the user electronic device  104 . 
     In response to receiving the store request, at operation  304 , information is obtained regarding the data to be stored in the cloud storage  106 . Drive  102  automatically moves the data chunks received from the user electronic device  104  to the cloud storage  106  through the network interface. 
     The user electronic device  104  serves as a dedicated device. Thus the user electronic device  104  can monitor bandwidth usage, and can optimize its upload/download based on what the user is doing. For example, the device  104  could use substantially more bandwidth for data transfer during offpeak times, but leave plenty of available bandwidth when the user is actively using the internet connection for other activities. 
     In an embodiment, the cloud storage system  100  can obtain user account details in order to store the data in a personalized cloud database. 
     In an operation  306 , data chunks are temporarily stored in the storage buffer  204  of drive  102 . In an operation  308 , ghost files are created, of the data chunks obtained from the user. A ghost file may be defined as a data object which resides, or appears to the user to reside, on drive  102 , and which is identified by name, thumbnail image, or other indicia so as to indicate to the user that the ghost file represents the data file which the user moved to drive  102  to store in the cloud. The ghost file serves as a virtual representation of the data which the user moved to the cloud, and may be accessed or manipulated by the user in representation of the cloud-stored data file itself 
     The method  300  of  FIG.  3    allows the data management module  206  to create the ghost files. For example, shortcut, thumbnail, or other files may be generated to represent the files that are automatically uploaded and removed from drive  102 . As another example, the file system in drive  102  is spoofed, so that after the files are automatically uploaded and removed from drive  102 , ghost versions on drive  102  are left, as well as the original folder structure. (The term “spoof” is here used, in the sense the term is used in information technology, to mean faking or simulating the files. That is, the file system in the driver  102  is spoofed due to the presence of the ghost files.) Hence, the users can see all the files that are backed up, in ghost representation, even after the files are uploaded and deleted from drive  102 . These ghost files can also be in the form of small jpg, gif, png or html files that can show low-res versions of photos or a page with additional meta-data about the file. Moreover, the original files can be manipulated, in essentially conventional fashion, by moving, renaming, adding folders, and so on with these ghost files. In an embodiment, the ghosting of files after an upload allows the users to see all of their backed up files in the cloud in a familiar user interface, and allows them to manage/organize the files in that same interface. For example, re-organizing can include renaming files, and moving files to folders. 
     For example, suppose the data to be stored in the cloud storage  106  is a document. The ghost files may include metadata information relating to the transferred data such as, but not limited to, the title, the author, the word count, the ownership, the revision history, the encryption, and so on of the document. The ghost files may also include a data structure that represents the organization of the data or the various files contained in the data. In an embodiment, user may perform high-level tasks such as browsing through a database, a file system, a document structure, and so on by using the ghost files. For example, users can see all the files they have backed up even after the files are automatically uploaded to the cloud. 
     In an operation  310 , the data chunks are automatically synchronized and uploaded to the cloud storage  106  for permanent storage. In an embodiment, drive  102  can be configured to share a folder that users can see via the user interface of the electronic user device  104 . When a file is copied, the operating system on drive  102  notifies a listening application (herein also referred to as a drive monitor; not shown individually in  FIG.  2   ) running on drive  102 . 
     The drive monitor keeps an internal record of the synchronization state of every file and directory, and marks those that need to be synced. Furthermore, in the event that the file was not actually changed, drive  102  will not mark the file as needing to be synced. If a file is deleted, it will be marked as needing to be synced, and as having been deleted. The drive monitor will take files needing to be synced, and operate automatically so as to upload them to the cloud storage  106 . Drive  102  will also update a remote record of the data, so that the data or the files stored in the cloud storage  106  can be seen or recovered without having access to drive  102 , for example, through a web interface. 
     In an embodiment, drive  102  provides various input slots like a Universal Serial Bus (USB), Firewire, Thunderbolt, and Secure Digital slots, Ethernet, and so on, to plug storage media devices directly to drive  102 . Drive  102  may provide suitable buttons for automatically copying the data in the storage media device to the cloud storage  106 . For example, the user can directly plug the storage media device to drive  102  and then hit a button on drive  102 , which automatically initiates copying of data in the device plugged into the cloud storage  106 . 
     In an operation  312 , once the data is transferred to the cloud storage  106 , the data storage in the cloud storage  106  is verified. The verification module  208  in drive  102  verifies the data transferred to the cloud storage  106  for storage. 
     In an operation  314 , it is determined whether the storage is successful in the cloud storage  106 . Determining whether the storage is successful may be done, for instance, by a suitable handshaking exchange of messages, or other suitable protocol, between drive  102  and the cloud storage  106 . 
     In an operation  316 , in response to determining that the storage is successful, drive  102  receives a verification acknowledgement from the cloud storage  106 . 
     In an operation  318 , the data storage buffer  204  in drive  102  is cleaned up, to free up the storage space that has been taken up by the data whose cloud storage verification was received. As described elsewhere, this drive cleanup ensures continuous smooth and efficient data movement from the user electronic device  104  to the cloud storage  106 . This is due to the fact that after the data is transferred from drive  102  to the cloud storage  106  and the success of the cloud storage is confirmed, the space on drive  102  may be made available for the next batch of data. 
     In an embodiment, the files&#39; “location state” is tracked by the local file records. The location state can be defined as a state where the files start out on drive  102 . Then shortly after being created, the files are also copied to the cloud storage  106 , and marked as being both local and remote. After a certain amount of time passes, the files will be replaced locally with a placeholder (a thumbnail or empty placeholder file), and the file record will be marked as only existing remotely. 
     Data Retrieval from the Cloud 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a process flow diagram  400  for retrieving data across a cloud based storage system using a drive, according to an implementation of the invention. 
     The data retrieval method  400  begins when the cloud based storage system  100  receives a request from the user electronic device  104  to retrieve a data item. The request can be, for instance, a user command to open a file, print the file, attach the file to an e-mail message, etc. 
     In an operation  402 , the data retrieve request is received from the user. The method  400  allows the interface module  202  to receive the data retrieve request. 
     In response to receiving the retrieve request, in an operation  404 , the data is copied from the cloud storage  106  to drive  102 . The method  400  allows the data management module  206  to copy the data from the cloud storage  106  based on the request provided by the user. 
     In an operation  406 , the retrieved data is temporarily stored in the data storage buffer  204  of drive  102 . As the data resides on drive  102 , the data is associated with the ghost image, etc., which has been present on drive  102  so as to be visible to the user through the user electronic device  104 . Accordingly, that which was only represented by the ghost file is now supplanted by the file itself. To the user, this appears transparent, as long as data throughput between the cloud storage  106  and drive  102  does not provide a noticeable delay. 
     In an operation  408 , the data is automatically transferred from drive  102  to the user electronic device  104 . Again, the data is made available to the user electronic device  104 , as though it had been residing all along on drive  102 . The only potential limiting factor is the data throughput capacity between the cloud storage  106  and drive  102 . 
     In an embodiment, users can use the web interface module  202  to restore a file. When a restore is initiated from the web interface module  202 , drive  102  is notified of the restore and copies the data or file from the cloud storage  106  back to drive  102 , replacing the local placeholder (i.e., the ghost file). The various actions in method  400  may be performed in the order presented, in a different order or simultaneously. Further, in some implementations, some actions listed in  FIG.  4    may be omitted. 
     Storing Data at Drive  102  and/or on the Cloud 
       FIG.  5    illustrates a process flow diagram  500  for storing data persistently at a local storage drive and/or using cloud storage, according to an implementation of the invention. 
     In an operation  502 , drive  102  may receive a request to store data. For instance, a user may drag-and-drop a file or other data into a folder associated with drive  102 . 
     In an operation  504 , drive  102  may identify a storage location based on the request. For instance, a first folder on drive  102  may correspond to a “working” folder that is associated with persistent storage on device. A second folder on drive  102  may correspond to an “archive” folder that is associated with cloud storage. In the foregoing example, drive  102  may identify a corresponding storage location at which the data should be stored based on the folder to which the data was dragged (or otherwise selected). 
     In an operation  506 , drive  102  may determine whether the data should be persistently stored at drive  102 . Such determination may be made based on the request (e.g., based on an identity of a folder to which the data was dragged). 
     In an operation  508 , responsive to a determination that the data should be stored persistently at drive  102 , the drive may store the data locally in a persistent storage. 
     In an operation  510 , drive  102  may create actual file indicator(s) for the stored data in a working folder (e.g., a folder that is associated with locally and persistently stored data). An actual file indicator represents a file stored locally and therefore is different from a ghost file described herein. 
     In an operation  512 , drive  102  may also upload the data to cloud storage (although in other implementations, the data is stored only locally at drive  102 ). 
     Returning to operation  506 , responsive to a determination that the data should not be stored persistently at drive  102 , the drive may store the data in a storage buffer in an operation  514 . 
     In an operation  516 , drive  102  may create ghost file(s) corresponding to the buffered data in an appropriate folder (e.g., an archive folder) of the drive. In an operation  518 , drive  102  may upload data to cloud storage. In an operation  520 , drive  102  may clean up the storage buffer (e.g., by removing the buffered data). Such clean up may be contingent upon receiving, from the from cloud storage, an acknowledgement that the data was successfully uploaded to cloud storage. 
     Limited-Time Recovery of Deleted Data 
       FIG.  6    illustrates a process flow diagram  600  for providing deleted data that is recoverable within a threshold time, according to an implementation of the invention. 
     In an operation  602 , drive  102  may receive a request to delete data. The data to be deleted may be stored locally at drive  102  and/or at cloud storage  106 . 
     In an operation  604 , corresponding ghost file(s) or actual file indicator(s) may be moved to a location on drive  102  corresponding to data to be deleted (e.g., a “deleted” folder). For example, drive  102  may move a ghost file corresponding to a file stored at cloud storage  106  to the deleted folder and move an actual file indicator corresponding to a file stored locally at drive  102  to the deleted folder. In this manner, the file to be deleted is removed from its original location and added to another location to give an appearance that the file has been deleted. 
     In an operation  606 , drive  102  may associate deletion time information with the data to be deleted. The deletion time information may include, without limitation, a date/time that a request to delete the data was received, a threshold amount of time before the data to be deleted should actually be deleted, and/or other information relating to the request to delete the data. The deletion time information may be stored locally at drive  102  and/or be maintained by a remote computer (e.g., by computer system  108 , in which case drive  102  may cause the deletion time information to be transmitted to computer system  108 ). 
     In an operation  608 , drive  102  may determine whether an elapsed time since the request to delete the data was received meets or exceeds a threshold amount of time. For example, once a request to delete a file is made, the file may be retained for up to the threshold amount of time (e.g., 30 days) before actually being deleted. In this manner, the deleted file may be recovered until the threshold amount of time has elapsed since the file was requested to be deleted. 
     In an operation  610 , responsive to a determination that the threshold amount of time has not been exceeded, drive  102  may determine whether a request to recover the data to be deleted has been received. If not, processing may return to operation  608 . If a request to recover the data to be deleted has been received, drive  102  may move the appropriate ghost file or actual file indicator from the deleted folder back to the original location, providing an appearance that the deleted file has been recovered. 
     Returning to operation  608 , responsive to a determination that the elapsed time has exceeded the threshold amount of time, the data to be deleted may be actually removed from the drive  102  and/or storage  106  (wherever it is stored) in an operation  610 . In an operation  612 , drive  102  may delete the corresponding ghost file(s) or actual file indicator(s) from the deleted folder as well. 
     Although process  600  has been described in terms of deleting data only when the threshold amount of time has been exceeded, drive  102  may archive the data to be deleted (either in drive  102  or at cloud storage  106 ), delete the data immediately after the request to do so is received, and then recover (if necessary and requested within the threshold amount of time) the data as necessary from the archive location. 
     Folders Corresponding to Different Cloud Storage Services 
       FIG.  7    illustrates a process flow diagram  700  for storing data at different cloud storage services, according to an implementation of the invention. 
     In an operation  702 , drive  102  may receive a request to store data. The request may be in the form of a drag-and-drop request described herein (or any other type of request). 
     In an operation  704 , drive  102  may identify a cloud storage service based on the request. For instance, a first folder at drive  102  may correspond to cloud storage provided by a first cloud storage service (e.g., Amazon S3). A second folder at drive  102  may correspond to cloud storage provided by a second cloud storage service (e.g., Google Drive). Other folders may correspond to other cloud storage provided by other cloud storage services. 
     In an operation  706 , drive  102  may obtain cloud storage account information related to the identified cloud storage service. For instance, drive  102  may obtain pre-stored account credential information from local storage at drive  102  and/or from a remote device (e.g., computer system  108 ). 
     In an operation  708 , drive  102  may access the appropriate cloud storage based on the cloud storage account information. 
     In an operation  710 , drive  102  may transfer data to the cloud storage. Although process  700  is described with respect to uploading data to cloud storage, the reverse may occur when downloading data from cloud storage. For instance, drive  102  may receive a request to access data stored at cloud storage. Drive  102  may identify an appropriate cloud storage service from which to retrieve the data based on an identity of a folder at which a ghost file corresponding to the data is stored and download the data from the identified cloud storage service. 
     User Interface Illustrations 
       FIG.  8 A  depicts an exemplary screen shot which, for illustrative purpose without limitation, shows an implementation according to Apple Macintosh technology. The screen shot of  FIG.  8 A  illustrates a finder window of the user electronic device  104 , according to the implementations as disclosed herein. As depicted, the finder window of the user electronic device  104  allows the user to access drive  102 , designated as Infinity Drive, from among a menu of data storage resources that are available, the other illustrated data resource being the Macintosh hard drive. Several file folder icons with descriptive names, are illustrated as contents of the Infinity Drive. The ghost files represent memory storage for containing data chunks which are actually stored remotely in the cloud storage  106 . 
       FIG.  8 B  depicts an exemplary screen shot illustrating uploading user files into the cloud storage  106  by copying them to the drive  102 , according to the implementations as disclosed herein. The user files, here shown as four jpg files, reside in the user electronic device  104 . The user employs drag-and-drop functionality that is supported by the operating system of the user electronic device  104 , to move the jpg files into the data folder represented by the ghost file in the “infinity drive.” As depicted, the user can easily upload the files or data into the cloud storage  106  by simply dragging and dropping the files into the drive folders through the finder window. Once the user completes this user interface activity, the automatic uploading from drive  102  to the cloud storage  106  takes over. As shown, a list of .jpg images are selected collectively, and are dragged (for instance by suitable mouse clicking) into the Infinity Drive menu window, to be dropped onto the “Zebra shoot” folder. 
       FIG.  8 C  depicts an exemplary screen shot illustrating a graphical representation of the process of copying user files into drive  102  across the cloud storage  106 , according to the implementations as disclosed herein.  FIG.  8   c    illustrates a temporary, intermediate user interface progress bar histogram message showing that the .jpg files are in the process of being transferred. This, or other suitable user interface indicia, may be used in order to communicate to the user that the data transfer is in progress. 
       FIG.  8 D  depicts an exemplary screen shot displaying copied user files in drive  102 , according to the implementations as disclosed herein. For instance, after the data transfer shown in  FIG.  8 C  is complete, the .jpg files continue to reside within the Zebra shoot folder. Then, in conventional manner, the user can select the Zebra shoot folder, for instance by clicking on it, and can open it up to see the contents, which are the transferred .jpg files. 
       FIG.  9 A  depicts an exemplary graphical user interface screen shot of a working folder that represents data stored persistently at drive  102 , according to an implementation of the invention. Other folders corresponding to persistent storage at drive  102  may be used as well. As illustrated, a “Working Folder” may be associated with files that are stored locally at drive  102 . Therefore, the Working Folder may be associated an actual file indicator for each file stored locally. 
     In some instances, the files in the Working Folder may be stored using cloud storage  106  as well. In some of these instances, the files in the Working Folder may be synchronized with files at cloud storage  106  such that any changes made to files in the Working Folder may be synchronized with their counterparts at cloud storage  106 . Likewise, any files changed at cloud storage  106  (e.g., if the user updates a file at cloud storage  106  other than through drive  102 ) may be synchronized with their counterparts at drive  102 . 
       FIG.  9 B  depicts an exemplary graphical user interface screen shots illustrating how files of a working folder that represents data stored persistently at local storage drive  102  can be moved to an archive folder that represents data stored using cloud storage  106 , according to an implementation of the invention. Other folders corresponding to files stored at cloud storage  106  may be used as well. As an example, folder icons or labels (e.g., “Canyons” folder, “Kenya Expedition” folder, “Great Lakes folder,” etc.) shown within an “Archive” folder (or individual files therein), can be dragged by a user and dropped into a “Working Files” folder to move the corresponding folders and/or individual files therein from the Working Files folder to the Archive folder. This “drag and drop” move interaction may, for instance, automatically cause the file to be uploaded to cloud storage  106  and removed from local storage drive  102  (e.g., responsive to receiving a confirmation that the file was successfully uploaded to cloud storage  106  from a cloud storage service system hosting cloud storage  106 ). In this instance, local storage drive  102  may automatically create a ghost file representation of the file in the archive folder (e.g., responsive to receiving a confirmation that the file was successfully uploaded to cloud storage  106  from a cloud storage service system hosting cloud storage  106 ). 
       FIG.  9 C  depicts an exemplary graphical user interface screen shots illustrating how files of an archive folder that represents data stored using cloud storage  106  can be moved to a working folder that represents data stored persistently at local storage drive  102 , according to an implementation of the invention. As an example, folder icons or labels (e.g., “Canyons” folder, “Kenya Expedition” folder, “Great Lakes folder,” etc.) shown within a “Working Files” folder (or individual files therein), can be dragged by a user and dropped into an “Archive” folder to move the corresponding folders and/or individual files therein from the Archive folder to the Working Files folder. This “drag and drop” move interaction may, for instance, automatically cause the file to be downloaded from cloud storage  106  to the Working Files folder. 
     As will be understood by those familiar with the art, the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Likewise, the particular naming and division of the portions, modules, agents, managers, components, functions, procedures, actions, layers, features, attributes, methodologies and other aspects are not mandatory or significant, and the mechanisms that implement the invention or its features may have different names, divisions and/or formats. Accordingly, the disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.