Patent Publication Number: US-2020285436-A1

Title: Information processing apparatus and non-transitory computer readable medium

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-042168 filed Mar. 8, 2019. 
     BACKGROUND 
     (i) Technical Field 
     The present disclosure relates to an information processing apparatus and a non-transitory computer readable medium. 
     (ii) Related Art 
     In Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-071225, an electronic apparatus that detects bio-information indicating physical characteristics of a user to perform personal authentication and an authentication method are disclosed. 
     SUMMARY 
     Aspects of non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure relate to providing an information processing apparatus that is capable of determining, in executing authentication of a user, whether or not the user is holding a portable device that is associated with the user and a non-transitory computer readable medium. 
     Aspects of certain non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure address the above advantages and/or other advantages not described above. However, aspects of the non-limiting embodiments are not required to address the advantages described above, and aspects of the non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure may not address advantages described above. 
     According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an information processing apparatus including an authenticating unit, a transmitting unit, a detecting unit, and a determining unit. The authenticating unit authenticates a user who is holding a portable device. The transmitting unit transmits an action instructing signal for issuing an instruction to perform an action to a portable device that is associated with the user, via a radio communication line. The detecting unit detects a change of a status of the portable device that is being held by the user. The determining unit determines, by determining whether or not the change corresponds to the instructed action, whether or not the user is holding the portable device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail based on the following figures, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a system configuration of an information processing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating an example of a user ID management table stored in a management server; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of an image forming apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of an image forming apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a wearable terminal device  20  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating an external appearance of a wearable terminal device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart for explaining an operation of an image forming apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram for explaining various light-emission patterns; 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram illustrating an example of display for instructing a user to direct a wearable terminal device that the user is wearing toward a camera; 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating a state in which the user directs the wearable terminal device that is being worn on an arm of the user toward the camera in accordance with the instruction displayed on an operation panel; 
         FIG. 11  is a diagram illustrating an example of a case where information indicating that a user is not wearing a correct wearable terminal device is displayed on the operation panel of the image forming apparatus; 
         FIG. 12  is a sequence chart for explaining an operation for performing a determination, based on a light-emission pattern, as to wearing of a wearable terminal device; 
         FIG. 13  is a diagram illustrating an example of a case where an authentication number is displayed on a display of the wearable terminal device; 
         FIG. 14  is a sequence chart for explaining an operation for performing a determination, based on an authentication number, as to wearing of a wearable terminal device; and 
         FIG. 15  is a diagram illustrating an example of a case where code information is displayed on the display of the wearable terminal device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to drawings. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a system configuration of an information processing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     An information processing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , an image forming apparatus  10 , a wearable terminal device  20  that is being worn on an arm of a user, and a management server  40 . 
     The image forming apparatus  10  and the management server  40  are connected via the Internet  30 . Furthermore, the image forming apparatus  10  and the wearable terminal device  20  are connected via a short-range radio communication line such as a Bluetooth® low energy (BLE) line or the like. 
     The image forming apparatus  10  is an apparatus that is a so-called multifunction apparatus including a plurality of functions such as a print function, a scan function, a copy function, a facsimile function, and the like. 
     The wearable terminal device  20  includes various sensors and is used by being worn on an arm of a user. The wearable terminal device  20  includes a function for obtaining various types of sensor information including bio-information such as pulse rate, blood pressure, and the like, positional information, and the like of a user. 
     The image forming apparatus  10  functions as a gateway apparatus that acquires sensor information obtained by the wearable terminal device  20  and transfers the sensor information to the management server  40  via the Internet  30 . 
     In  FIG. 1 , only one wearable terminal device  20  is illustrated. In actuality, however, a large number of wearable terminal devices  20  exist, and each of the wearable terminal devices  20  is associated with a user by whom it is supposed to be worn. 
     Different terminal IDs are allocated to the wearable terminal devices  20 . The image forming apparatus  10  transfers sensor information acquired from the wearable terminal devices  20 , along with the terminal IDs of the wearable terminal devices  20 , to the management server  40 . 
     The management server  40  manages each user based on a user ID of the user, and stores a user ID management table, as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . Thus, the management server  40  identifies a user ID that is associated with a terminal ID transferred along with sensor information from the image forming apparatus  10 . The management server  40  stores, as user information of the identified user ID, sensor information transferred from the image forming apparatus  10 . 
     An example of the user ID management table stored in the management server  40  is illustrated in  FIG. 2 . As is clear from the user ID management table illustrated in FIG.  2 , a user ID, a user name, and a device ID are associated with one another. When a user ID is transmitted from the image forming apparatus  10  to the management server  40 , the management server  40  transmits a device ID corresponding to the transmitted user ID to the image forming apparatus  10 . The user ID management table may be held in advance in a gateway apparatus (in this example, the image forming apparatus  10 ). 
     The sensor information acquired as described above is then analyzed, so that the health status and actions of individual users may be evaluated. Accordingly, such sensor information is used as information for management of health statuses and reforming of operational processes. 
     By installing such image forming apparatuses  10  in various places in an office, sensor information of a large number of users may be obtained and collected in the management server  40 . 
     However, if a user wrongly wears a wearable terminal device  20  that is associated with a different user, sensor information of the user is recorded as sensor information of the different user who is associated with the wearable terminal device  20  that is being worn by the user. Furthermore, a malicious user may wear a wearable terminal device  20  of a different user on purpose. 
     In such a situation, sensor information stored in the management server  40  is not correct, and therefore, management of health statuses and reforming of operational processes may not be properly performed. 
     Thus, in the information processing system according to this exemplary embodiment, it is determined whether or not a user is wearing a correct wearable terminal device  20  that is associated with the user as the device supposed to be held by the user. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a hardware configuration of the image forming apparatus  10  in the information processing system according to this exemplary embodiment. 
     The image forming apparatus  10  includes, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , a central processing unit (CPU)  11 , a memory  12 , a storage device  13  such as a hard disk drive, a communication interface (abbreviated as an IF)  14  for performing communication with an external apparatus via the Internet  30 , a short-range radio communication unit  15  that performs short-range radio communication such as BLE, a user interface (abbreviated as UI)  16  that includes a touch panel or a liquid crystal display and a keyboard, a camera  17 , a print engine  18 , and an IC card reader  19 . 
     The CPU  11  performs predetermined processing based on a control program stored in the memory  12  or the storage device  13 , and controls an operation of the image forming apparatus  10 . In this exemplary embodiment, the CPU  11  is explained as a unit that reads and executes the control program stored in the memory  12  or the storage device  13 . However, the program may be stored in a recording medium such as a compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) and supplied to the CPU  11 . 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the image forming apparatus  10  that is implemented when the above-mentioned control program is executed. 
     The image forming apparatus  10  according to this exemplary embodiment includes, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , an authenticating unit  31 , an action obtaining unit  32 , a display unit  33 , an image output unit  34 , a data transmission/reception unit  35 , a controller  36 , the camera  17 , a data storing unit  37 , and the short-range radio communication unit  15 . 
     The authenticating unit  31  authenticates a user who is wearing the wearable terminal device  20 . For example, when a user holds an IC card over the IC card reader, the authenticating unit  31  reads a user ID recorded in the IC card by short-range radio communication means (for example, radio frequency identification) different from the short-range radio communication unit  15  and identifies the user. Accordingly, the authenticating unit  31  performs authentication. The authenticating unit  31  may authenticate a user by confirming a user ID and a password input by the user. 
     The display unit  33  displays various types of information for a user, under the control of the controller  36 . The action obtaining unit  32  obtains information of various actions performed by a user. The display unit  33  and the action obtaining unit  32  may be integrated together as a graphical interface. 
     The image output unit  34  outputs an image onto a recording medium such as printing paper, under the control of the controller  36 . 
     The data transmission/reception unit  35  transmits and receives data to and from an external apparatus via a network such as the Internet  30 . For example, the data transmission/reception unit  35  transmits various types of information including sensor information acquired from the wearable terminal device  20  to the management server  40  via the Internet  30 . 
     The camera  17  shoots a static image or a moving image including at least part of the body of a user and the wearable terminal device  20  that is being worn by the user. 
     The data storing unit  37  temporarily stores sensor information acquired from the wearable terminal device  20  and stores various data such as print data generated by the controller  36 . 
     The short-range radio communication unit  15  receives sensor information from the wearable terminal device  20  via the BLE communication line and transmits various action instructing signals such as light-emission instructing signals to the wearable terminal device  20 . A radio communication line or the like such as Wi-Fi® as well as the BLE communication line may be used as the short-range radio communication line. 
     The short-range radio communication unit  15  is able to transmit a light-emission instructing signal only to the wearable terminal device  20  that is being worn on an arm of a user within a certain range, for example, 1 meter, from the image forming apparatus  10 , by adjusting the intensity of output of radio electronic waves. 
     The controller  36  controls operations of other components of the image forming apparatus  10 . For example, when a user who wishes to use the image forming apparatus  10  is authenticated by the authenticating unit  31 , the controller  36  performs various operations such as copying, printing, and facsimile transmission and reception, in response to various operations from the authenticated user. 
     When the user is authenticated by the authenticating unit  31 , the controller  36  identifies a terminal ID, which is identification information of the wearable terminal device  20  that is associated with the user authenticated by the authenticating unit  31 . Specifically, the controller  36  transmits the user ID of the user authenticated by the authenticating unit  31  to the management server  40 , and thus acquires a terminal ID associated with the user ID from the management server  40 . 
     The controller  36  causes the short-range radio communication unit  15  to transmit an action instructing signal for issuing an instruction to perform a predetermined action to a portable device with the identified terminal ID, via the BLE communication line, which is a short-distance radio communication line. 
     Specifically, the controller  36  transmits a light-emission instructing signal indicating the identified terminal ID to the wearable terminal device  20 , so that an action instruction for instructing a light-emission unit of the wearable terminal device  20  to emit light in a light-emission pattern randomly selected from among a plurality of predetermined light-emission patterns is transmitted to the wearable terminal device  20 . 
     As described above, instead of a fixed light-emission pattern, a light-emission pattern that is difficult to be predicted by a user is used. Therefore, even if a user who is not wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20  tries to reproduce a light-emission pattern by different means on purpose so that a false determination result may be obtained, it is difficult to cause such a false determination. 
     The controller  36  detects a change of the status of the wearable terminal device  20  that is being worn by the user authenticated by the authenticating unit  31  from a moving image that is shot by the camera  17 . Specifically, the controller  36  shoots, with the camera  17 , a moving image including the wearable terminal device  20  that is being worn by the user authenticated by the authenticating unit  31 , and thus detects the light-emission pattern of the wearable terminal device  20 . 
     Alternatively, the controller  36  may cause the display unit  33  to display a message “Please press the button in synchronization with flashing of light.” and allow the user to press a specific button in synchronization with the light-emission pattern of the wearable terminal device  20 , so that a state in which the user is wearing the wearable terminal device  20  associated with the user may be confirmed. 
     In the case where the wearable terminal device  20  continuously obtains bio-information such as the pulse rate of a user, the controller  36  may determine that the correct wearable terminal device  20  continues to be worn, by confirming that bio-information is continuously detected without interruption from a point in time when the state in which the user is wearing the associated wearable terminal device  20  is confirmed. 
     Finally, the controller  36  compares the detected change of the status of the wearable terminal device  20  with contents of an action instructed by transmitting an action instructing signal and determines whether or not the wearable terminal device  20  associated with the user authenticated by the authenticating unit  31  is being worn. 
     Specifically, in the case where it is evaluated that a light-emission pattern obtained from a moving image that is shot by the camera  17  and a light-emission pattern instructed by transmitting a light-emission instructing signal match, the controller  36  determines that the user authenticated by the authenticating unit  31  is wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20  that is supposed to be worn by the user. 
     In contrast, in the case where it is not evaluated that the light-emission pattern obtained from the moving image that is shot by the camera  17  and the light-emission pattern instructed by transmitting the light-emission instructing signal match, the controller  36  determines that the user authenticated by the authenticating unit  31  is not wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20  that is supposed to be worn by the user, that is, the authenticated user is wrongly wearing the wearable terminal device  20  that is associated with another user. 
     In this exemplary embodiment, the wearable terminal device  20  is caused to emit light in a predetermined light-emission pattern in accordance with a light-emission instructing signal transmitted from the image forming apparatus  10  to the wearable terminal device  20 . However, the image forming apparatus  10  may instruct the wearable terminal device  20  to perform an action involving a visual change, and the camera  17  may detect the visual change of the wearable terminal device  20  as a change of the status of the wearable terminal device  20 . 
     For example, an action instructing signal may be transmitted to the wearable terminal device  20 , so that the color or shape of the wearable terminal device  20  may be changed or specific letters, numbers, signs, or the like may be displayed on the display of the wearable terminal device  20 . 
     In the case where an image of a specific letter, number, sign, emoticon, stamp, or the like or a combination thereof is displayed on the display of the wearable terminal device  20 , the letter or the like may be detected by shooting the letter or the like by the camera  17 . The size, color, display period, number of display times, number of displayed images, display interval, display pattern, or the like of a combination of images of a letter, number, sign, emoticon, stamp, and the like may be changed such that a user is not able to predict or copy easily when confirmation of wearing of the wearable terminal device  20  is performed. Alternatively, as means for confirming display contents on the display, instead of shooting by the camera  17  or by combining with shooting by the camera, a user who is wearing the wearable terminal device  20  may input displayed letter information using the action obtaining unit  32 , so that letter information displayed on the wearable terminal device  20  may be detected based on the input letter information. 
     Furthermore, instead of causing the wearable terminal device  20  to generate a visual change, a status change in which sound is output from the wearable terminal device  20  may be generated so that the status change may be detected by a sound detection device of the image forming apparatus  10 . Specifically, the image forming apparatus  10  may include a microphone for detecting sound. A sound output instructing signal may be transmitted from the controller  36  to the wearable terminal device  20  to instruct the wearable terminal device  20  to perform an action for outputting sound, and output sound may be detected by the microphone. 
     The controller  36  detects sound output from the wearable terminal device  20  to detect an auditory change of the wearable terminal device  20 . Accordingly, the controller  36  determines whether or not the authenticated user is wearing the wearable terminal device  20  that is supposed to be worn by the user. 
     Furthermore, the image forming apparatus  10  may transmit an action instructing signal to the wearable terminal device  20  to cause a tactile change of the wearable terminal device  20 , for example, generate vibrations, so that the tactile change may be detected. Furthermore, the user may be instructed to operate a specific button of the image forming apparatus  10  in accordance with start or stop of vibrations of the wearable terminal device  20 . When the user operates the specific button, start or stop of vibrations of the wearable terminal device  20  may be detected. 
     Furthermore, the image forming apparatus  10  may include a receiver that receives a radio signal transmitted from the wearable terminal device  20 . When the image forming apparatus  10  transmits to the wearable terminal device  20  an action instructing signal for instructing an action for transmitting a radio signal of a specific frequency and receives the radio signal of the specific frequency transmitted from the wearable terminal device  20 , a change of the status of the wearable terminal device  20  may be detected. 
     In the case where it is determined that the user authenticated by the authenticating unit  31  is not wearing the wearable terminal device  20  that is associated with the authenticated user, the controller  36  notifies a predetermined notification destination that the authenticated user is not wearing the associated wearable terminal device  20 . 
     Specifically, the controller  36  may provide notification by displaying information indicating that the correct wearable terminal device  20  is not being worn on the display unit  33  of the image forming apparatus  10 . Alternatively, the controller  36  may notify a predetermined notification destination of information indicating that there is a user who is not properly wearing the wearable terminal device  20  that is set to be worn and a user ID of the user in association with each other, using predetermined information such as an e-mail address or the like. The notification destination may be, for example, an e-mail address of the user who is wearing the current wearable terminal device  20  and is authenticated by the authenticating unit  31 . Furthermore, the notification destination may be an e-mail address of a user who is associated with the wearable terminal device  20  in the user ID management table, an e-mail address of an administrator who manages the system, or the like. 
     Furthermore, a notification indicating that it is determined that the authenticated user is not wearing the wearable terminal device  20  that is associated with the authenticated user may be transmitted to the management server  40  as a notification destination. A notification indicating that an authenticated user is wearing the wearable terminal device  20  that is associated with the authenticated user may be transmitted to a notification destination. 
     Furthermore, information indicating that a device is being worn and/or is not being worn may be notified, along with time information of the time at which the wearing state is determined and information of identifying the gateway apparatus (in this example, the image forming apparatus  10 ) that has performed user authentication, to the notification destination. By notifying that the information indicating that a device is being worn/is not being worn, the determination time information, and the information of identifying the gateway apparatus that has performed user authentication at the same time and storing the above information in the management server  40  or the like, the gateway apparatus that has confirmed whether or not the wearable terminal device  20  is being worn may be identified chronologically. In the case where the wearable terminal device  20  includes a position measurement sensor (global positioning system (GPS)), detected positional information may be notified to the management server  40  or the like. 
     In the case where the authenticated user is not wearing the wearable terminal device  20  that is associated with the authenticated user, the controller  36  may dispose of the sensor information acquired from the wearable terminal device  20  as invalid sensor information so that the sensor information is not transferred to the management server  40  or may be transferred to the management server  40  along with information indicating that the sensor information is not correct sensor information. 
     Furthermore, in the case where the authenticated user is wearing the wearable terminal device  20  that is associated with the authenticated user, the controller  36  performs processing by regarding the sensor information transmitted from the wearable terminal device  20  as valid sensor information. Specifically, in the case where the authenticated user is wearing the wearable terminal device  20  that is associated with the authenticated user, the controller  36  transfers the sensor information transmitted from the wearable terminal device  20 , along with information indicating that the sensor information is valid, to the management server  40 . 
     In analyzing activities, health statuses, and the like of individual users, based on the sensor information transferred from the image forming apparatus  10 , the management server  40  performs various types of analysis without using sensor information transferred along with information indicating that the sensor information is not correct sensor information. Therefore, more accurate analysis for each user may be achieved. 
     Furthermore, in analyzing activities, health statuses, and the like of individual users, based on the sensor information transferred from the image forming apparatus  10 , the management server  40  may perform various types of analysis using only valid sensor information that is transferred along with information indicating that wearing of the correct wearable terminal device  20  associated with the user is confirmed. 
     Next, a functional configuration of the wearable terminal device  20  according to this exemplary embodiment will be explained with reference to a block diagram of  FIG. 5 . 
     The wearable terminal device  20  includes, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , a light-emitting diode (LED)  21 , a display unit  22 , a bio-information detection sensor  23 , a controller  24 , a GPS reception unit  25 , a data storing unit  26 , and a short-range radio communication unit  27 . 
     The LED  21  is light-emitting means for performing a light-emission action by entering a turned-on or turned-off state, under the control of the controller  24 . The light-emitting means may be an element that emits light, like the LED  21  according to this exemplary embodiment or an electroluminescence (EL) element, or a liquid crystal element and a backlight that are combined to provide light emission by causing backlight light to transmit by a shutter action of liquid crystal. 
     The bio-information detection sensor  23  detects various types of bio-information such as the pulse rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and the like of a user who is wearing the wearable terminal device  20 . The GPS reception unit  25  detects positional information of the user. 
     The data storing unit  26  stores various types of bio-information detected by the bio-information detection sensor  23  and positional information detected by the GPS reception unit  25 , along with time information. 
     The short-range radio communication unit  27  transmits and receives data to and from the image forming apparatus  10  via the BLE communication line. The display unit  22  displays various types of letter information for the user, under the control of the controller  24 . 
     The controller  24  transmits various types of sensor information such as bio-information and positional information stored in the data storing unit  26  to the image forming apparatus  10  via the short-range radio communication unit  27 . 
     Furthermore, the controller  24  performs an action based on an action instructing signal received from the image forming apparatus  10  via the short-range radio communication unit  27 . Specifically, the controller  24  performs a light-emission action by turning on or turning off the LED  21 , based on a light-emission instructing signal received from the image forming apparatus  10  via the short-range radio communication unit  27 . 
     The light-emission instructing signal includes a terminal ID for identifying the wearable terminal device  20  to which light-emission is instructed. The controller  24  performs a light-emission action based on the received light-emission instructing signal only in a case where the terminal ID included in the light-emission instructing signal and the terminal ID of the device including the controller  24  match. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates an external appearance of the wearable terminal device  20  having the configuration described above. The wearable terminal device  20  illustrated in  FIG. 6  includes the LED  21  on a part of the display. 
     Next, an operation of the information processing system according to this exemplary embodiment will be explained in detail with reference to drawings. 
     First, an operation of the image forming apparatus  10  according to this exemplary embodiment will be explained with reference to a flowchart of  FIG. 7 . 
     In step S 101 , the image forming apparatus  10  performs authentication of a user who wishes to use the image forming apparatus  10  when the user brings an IC card in which a user ID of the user is stored close to the IC card reader of the image forming apparatus  10 . 
     In step S 102 , the image forming apparatus  10  transmits the user ID of the authenticated user to the management server  40  via the Internet  30 . 
     Then, in step S 103 , the image forming apparatus  10  receives a terminal ID corresponding to the user ID from the management server  40 . 
     In step S 104 , the image forming apparatus  10  randomly selects a light-emission pattern from among a plurality of predetermined light-emission patterns, and transmits a light-emission signal indicating the identified terminal ID corresponding to the user ID to the wearable terminal device  20  via the BLE communication line. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates examples of light-emission patterns. As illustrated in  FIG. 8 , for example, a light-emission pattern in which turning-on for 500 milliseconds and turning-off for 500 milliseconds are repeated is set as light-emission pattern  1 , and a light-emission pattern in which turning-on for 400 milliseconds and turning-off for 100 milliseconds are repeated is set as light-emission pattern  2 . In a similar manner, as illustrated  FIG. 8 , a light-emission pattern in which turning-on for 1,000 milliseconds and turning-off for 200 milliseconds are repeated is set as light-emission pattern  3 . 
     In the image forming apparatus  10 , an arbitrary light-emission pattern is randomly selected from among the plurality of light-emission patterns mentioned above. Therefore, it is difficult for a user to predict the present light-emission pattern. 
     In step S 105 , the image forming apparatus  10  causes display, for example, illustrated in  FIG. 9 , to be displayed on an operation panel  41 , so that the wearable terminal device  20  that is being worn by the user is shot by the camera  17 . In this example, the light-emission pattern of the LED  21  of the wearable terminal device  20  is shot. Therefore, a moving image of the wearable terminal device  20  is shot by the camera  17 . 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a state in which a user directs the wearable terminal device  20  that is being worn on an arm of the user toward the camera  17 , in accordance with an instruction displayed by the operation panel  41 . 
     In step S 106 , the image forming apparatus  10  determines whether or not the light-emission pattern detected from the moving image that is shot by the camera  17  and the light-emission pattern instructed by the light-emission instructing signal match. 
     In the case where the user is correctly wearing the wearable terminal device  20  with the terminal ID associated with the user ID of the user, the LED  21  of the wearable terminal device  20  that is being worn on an arm of the user emits light in the instructed light-emission pattern, based on a light-emission instructing signal transmitted from the image forming apparatus  10 . 
     Thus, in the case where it is determined in step S 106  that the light-emission patterns match, the image forming apparatus  10  determines in step S 107  that the user is wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20 . 
     In the case where it is determined in step S 106  that the light-emission patterns do not match, the image forming apparatus  10  determines in step S 108  that the user is not wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20 . 
     In step S 109 , the image forming apparatus  10  notifies that the user is not wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20 , for example, by displaying, on the operation panel  41 , information indicating that the user is not wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20 . 
       FIG. 11  illustrates an example of a case where information indicating that the user is not wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20  is displayed on the operation panel  41  as described above. As illustrated in  FIG. 11 , letters “Are you sure that the wearable terminal device you are wearing is not someone else&#39;s device? Please confirm that you are wearing your device.” are displayed on the operation panel  41 , and contents for prompting the user to confirm that the wearable terminal device  20  being worn by the user is the correct wearable terminal device  20  that is supposed to be worn by the user are thus displayed. 
     Finally, a state in which data transmission and reception among the wearable terminal device  20 , the image forming apparatus  10 , and the management server  40  described above is illustrated in a sequence chart of  FIG. 12 . 
     First, in step S 201 , the image forming apparatus  10  performs user authentication. In step S 202 , the image forming apparatus  10  transmits a user ID of the authenticated user to the management server  40 . 
     Then, in step S 203 , the management server  40  transmits a terminal ID corresponding to the transmitted user ID to the image forming apparatus  10 . 
     In step S 204 , the image forming apparatus  10  selects a light-emission pattern. In step S 205 , the image forming apparatus  10  transmits a light-emission instructing signal for issuing an instruction to implement the selected light-emission pattern to the wearable terminal device  20  whose terminal ID is identified by the management server  40 . 
     In step S 206 , the wearable terminal device  20  that has received the light-emission instructing signal from the image forming apparatus  10  performs a light-emission action in the light-emission pattern based on the received light-emission instructing signal. 
     In step S 207 , the image forming apparatus  10  shoots, with the camera  17 , a moving image of a light-emission action of the wearable terminal device  20 . 
     Next, in step S 208 , the image forming apparatus  10  determines whether or not the light-emission pattern of the transmitted light-emission instructing signal and the light-emission pattern of the wearable terminal device  20  in the shot moving image match. 
     In step S 209 , the image forming apparatus  10  performs a wearing determination for determining, based on a result of the determination as to whether or not the light-emission patterns match, whether or not the wearable terminal device  20  that is being worn by the user is the device associated with the user. 
     In the foregoing exemplary embodiment, by confirming, with the camera  17 , whether or not the wearable terminal device  20  emits light in a specific light-emission pattern, it is determined whether or not an authenticated user is wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20 . 
     However, by causing the wearable terminal device  20  to display a specific authentication number and prompting the user to input the displayed authentication number, it may be determined whether or not the authenticated user is wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20 , without using a camera. 
     For example, in the case where an authentication number is displayed on the display of the wearable terminal device  20 , as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , and input of the displayed authentication number to the image forming apparatus  10  by the user is confirmed, it is confirmed that the user is wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20 . 
     An operation in a case where a wearing determination for the wearable terminal device  20  is performed based on such an authentication number will be explained below with reference to a sequence chart of  FIG. 14 . 
     First, in step S 301 , the image forming apparatus  10  performs user authentication. In step S 302 , the image forming apparatus  10  transmits a user ID of the authenticated user to the management server  40 . 
     In step S 303 , the management server  40  transmits a terminal ID corresponding to the transmitted user ID to the image forming apparatus  10 . 
     In step S 304 , the image forming apparatus  10  sets an authentication number to be displayed. In step S 305 , the image forming apparatus  10  transmits a display instructing signal for issuing an instruction to display the set authentication number to the wearable terminal device  20  whose terminal ID is identified by the management server  40 . 
     In step S 306 , the wearable terminal device  20  that has received the display instructing signal from the image forming apparatus  10  displays the authentication number based on the received display instructing signal on the display. 
     In step S 307 , the user inputs an authentication signal to the image forming apparatus  10 . 
     Next, in step S 308 , the image forming apparatus  10  determines whether or not the authentication number displayed based on the display instructing signal and the authentication number input by the user match. 
     Then, in step S 309 , the image forming apparatus  10  performs a wearing determination for determining, based on a result of the determination as to whether or not the authentication numbers match, whether or not the wearable terminal device  20  that is being worn by the user is the device that is associated with the user. 
     Furthermore, by displaying code information that is not able to be deciphered by human sight such as QR Code®, instead of the authentication number, on the display of the wearable terminal device  20 , and shooting the code information by the camera  17  of the image forming apparatus  10 , it may be determined whether or not the displayed code information and the shot code information match to perform a wearing determination for the wearable terminal device  20 . 
       FIG. 15  illustrates an example of a case in which such code information is displayed on the display of the wearable terminal device  20 . 
     Modifications 
     In the foregoing exemplary embodiment, the case where the determination as to whether or not a user is wearing the correct wearable terminal device  20  that is supposed to be worn by the user is performed is explained. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the configuration described above. The present disclosure may be applied in a similar manner to any portable device that includes a radio communication function and a function for emitting light in accordance with a light-emission instructing signal from the image forming apparatus  10  and is able to be held by the user. 
     The present disclosure is also applicable in a similar manner to a case where, for example, the portable device is embedded in a nameplate or uniform and it is thus determined whether or not the user is holding the portable device that is supposed to be held by the user or an object in which the portable device is embedded, such as whether or not the user is wearing the nameplate that is supposed to be worn by the user or whether or not the user is wearing the supplied his/her uniform. 
     Furthermore, in the foregoing exemplary embodiment, the case where the image forming apparatus  10  transfers sensor information acquired from the wearable terminal device  20  to the management server  40  is explained. However, the present disclosure is not limit to this configuration. The present disclosure may be applied in a similar manner to an information processing apparatus different from the image forming apparatus  10  as long as the information processing apparatus performs authentication of a user who wishes to use the information processing apparatus. 
     The present disclosure is also applicable in a similar manner to a case where an apparatus that performs authentication of a user who wishes to use the apparatus, such as an automatic teller machine (ATM) apparatus that performs authentication of a user who wishes to deposit or withdraw cash, a ticket gate of public transport such as a train, a bus, or the like, an automobile that performs authentication of a driver who wishes to drive, an authentication apparatus that performs authentication of a visitor to an apartment, a building, a hall, or a room, a terminal apparatus that is individually owned, such as a personal computer, a smartphone, or the like, and performs user authentication, determines whether or not the user is holding a correct portable device or a portable object that is associated with the user. 
     The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and its practical applications, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments and with the various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the disclosure be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.