Patent Publication Number: US-8534466-B2

Title: Utensil sorting apparatus

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims priority under the laws and rules of the United States, including 35 USC §120, to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/308,989 filed on Feb. 28, 2010. The contents of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/308,989 are herein incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for finding, identifying, sorting, arranging, and stacking or otherwise managing utensils, such as forks and spoons. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a utensil sorting device that can continually receive unsorted utensils while simultaneously sorting one more of the utensils, then identify and orient the utensil, followed by placing the utensil in a designated area. The apparatus can also be used for arranging and stacking utensils for secondary operations such as wrapping utensils in a napkin. 
     In industries such as restaurants, hotels, casinos, banquet halls, caters, hospitals, etc., a business may serve several hundred to several thousand guests per day. Each of these guests may use three or more utensils during their meal. Moreover, some businesses may serve  3  meals per day. This creates a need for the aforementioned businesses to clean thousands of utensils every day; the cleaning process involves soaking, sorting, and usually two washes. Furthermore, in some business, the utensils are wrapped in a napkin after they are cleaned, creating even more work that needs to be completed. 
     Typically these processes are done using unskilled labor. However, both processes are time consuming and often are required to be completed at times when the highest numbers of customers are at the facility. This can create a timing issue that forces a business to employ additional staff at the peak times, as well as keep staff at the facility for a longer time before or after a shift. Furthermore, due to the repetitive nature of the tasks, the employees can be at risk of developing repetitive stress injuries. 
     It is desirable to provide systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods that can complete as much as possible of the cleaning, sorting and wrapping processes with minimal human involvement. Furthermore, the device should be simple enough for an unskilled employee to operate, fast enough to sort, clean, and organize at the same rate a person can, as quiet as possible, and as compact as possible to minimize the amount of space required for the device at the business since space is typically limited. 
     Several devices have been developed for sorting utensils; most of these involve sizing apertures in the devices to allow only certain size items to pass through. Other systems may also employ a conveyor and/or vibration element to aid in separating the pieces from one another. These devices are limited in their ability because they require utensils to fit into a particularly sized aperture. Also, different utensils can have the same length, thus making the method of differentiating the utensils inadequate. 
     Some of the disadvantages to these systems include size, noise level, amount of human involvement, ability to integrate with existing equipment, and limitations that require utensils to be a specific size, as well as to have different lengths for each. Additionally, a number of the devices do not orient the utensils, which can be a time consuming, but necessary step in the utensil cleaning process. Moreover, several of the devices are not able to sort more than a single utensil at a time. Furthermore, not all of the devices are designed to fit in with existing standard restaurant equipment, such as tables, bus bin carts, etc. 
     Next, secondary operations, such as wrapping utensils in a napkin, require a user to orient the utensils before feeding them into a machine. Some systems require the user to put the utensils in a bin, while others have specially designed trays that the utensils can be washed in. Both of these systems require some level of human involvement to arrange the utensils. 
     For these reasons, it would be advantageous to create systems, apparatuses, and devices that are compact, reliable, sanitary, fast, and requires minimal human interaction to sort, arrange, or otherwise manage utensils. Such systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods would be able to sort, orient, soak, and set up the utensils for secondary operations such as utensil wrapping. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the disclosure create a more useable device for sorting, orienting, soaking, arranging and/or otherwise managing utensils while minimizing user input. The device must be simple enough for an unskilled employee to operate, accurately sort and orient a variety of utensils as well as stack and arrange them, operate efficiently and in a sanitary manner. 
     Further embodiments operate in such a way that the user can insert the utensils into an unsorted tray or bin Moreover, the user should only have to transfer the bin or tray of sorted ware from the sorting station to the dishwasher, thus simplifying and optimizing the cleaning process. Also, an exemplary apparatus and an exemplary device can be used to arrange utensils for secondary operations such as wrapping, thus simplifying those processes as well. Furthermore, the device will be designed to work with existing equipment such as tables, shelving units, trays, etc. 
     Additional embodiments provide a means to determine if utensils have been inserted into an unsorted utensil area, such as a bin or tray. It also offers a device for locating where a utensil is, as well as a mechanism to pick up the utensil(s). The mechanism for picking up the utensil can transport the utensil so that another sub-system can identify and orient the utensil. Furthermore, the grasping mechanism(s) is also able to move the utensil(s) to a sorted area where they are also oriented in a specific direction; with one end of the longitudinal axes of each utensil aligned with each other. Moreover, the exemplary apparatus is capable of stacking and arranging the utensils. Also, the embodiments should be able to lift a utensil up to a specified weight regardless of the material composition. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described in more detail hereafter with the aid of the drawings, which show in: 
         FIG. 1 , an isometric view of an exemplary utensil sorting apparatus. 
         FIG. 2 , an isometric view of a tray with unsorted utensils next to a tray with sorted and oriented utensils lying on their side, as may be used with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3 , a top view of a tray with unsorted utensils next to a tray with sorted and oriented utensils lying on their side, as may be used with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4 , an isometric view of a tray with unsorted utensils next to a tray with sorted and oriented utensils standing upright, as may be used with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5 , an isometric view of an exemplary sorting apparatus moving utensils from an unsorted area to an area where the utensils are sorted and oriented. 
         FIG. 6 , an isometric view of an exemplary grasping mechanism. 
         FIG. 7 , a cross section isometric view showing an exemplary set of components of the grasping mechanism. 
         FIG. 8 , an isometric view showing an exemplary carriage and an exemplary set of rotational components for moving a utensil(s). 
         FIG. 9  is an isometric view of an exemplary configuration of an aperture for aiding in the orientation and identification of a utensil. 
         FIG. 10  is an isometric view of another exemplary configuration of an aperture for aiding in the orientation and identification of a utensil. 
         FIG. 11  is an isometric view of an exemplary stand that an exemplary utensil sorting apparatus may be attached to with a tray of unsorted utensils and a tray of sorted and oriented utensils. 
         FIG. 12  is an exemplary flow chart showing an exemplary method for sorting utensils; 
         FIG. 13  is another exemplary flowchart showing an exemplary method for sorting utensils. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which for a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the Figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of difference configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated herein. Further, in the following description, numerous details are set forth to further describe and explain one or more embodiments. These details include system configurations, block module diagrams, flowcharts (including transaction diagrams), and accompanying written description. While these details are helpful to explain one or more embodiments of the disclosure, those skilled in the art will understand that these specific details are not required in order to practice the embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , an exemplary utensil sorting apparatus A for sorting, orienting, arranging, stacking and/or otherwise managing multiple utensils is shown. The utensil sorting apparatus A comprises of a plurality of arms, in this case an upper arm  5  and a lower arm  6 . The arms are used to transport utensils so that they can be identified, oriented, arranged, and otherwise managed, accordingly. The arms are moved linearly and/or rotationally by a series of motors; the preferred type of motor is an induction motor because of its minimal noise output. 
     The upper arm  5  is attached to a base  1 , which serves as a support structure for the apparatus. Further, the upper arm  5  is covered by the upper arm cover  7  for protection of the components. The upper arm cover  7  may be angled to aid in deflecting the utensils away from the upper arm  5  and into an unsorted area, such as a tray or bin. This may be necessary to ensure that the a user does not need to wait for the apparatus to move the arms out of the way of utensils being dropped or placed into the unsorted area. 
     Furthermore, the utensil supporting apparatus A has a locating mechanism  8  for detecting where a utensil is in a tray. The locating mechanism  8  can be attached to an arm, such as the upper arm  5 , or to each grasping mechanism  9 . The location may depend on how the arms move. If the arms are independent of each other, then the locating mechanism may be more effective attached to the grasping mechanisms  9 . If the arms are dependent on each other, then the locating mechanism  8  may be more effective attached to the upper arm  5 . 
     The locating mechanism  8  is preferred to be a non-contact sensor to increase the robustness of the utensil sorting apparatus A. Suitable non-contact sensors include proximity sensors, or metal detectors, but other known technologies in the art can be acceptable as well. Since most trays are plastic, a metal detector is a viable option. However, the metal detector may falsely locate a utensil if the utensil is on a metal table or shelf. For this reason, a proximity sensor is a preferred embodiment of the design because it can be made to detect an object at a specified distance. 
     Once an object has been detected a grasping mechanism  9  can move to that position and pick up a utensil. The utensil sorting apparatus A can then move the utensil into a position where it can be identified by the identifying mechanism  3 , which is connected to the utensil sorting apparatus A by a holder  2 . There are various means by which to identify and orient the utensil. 
     A preferred embodiment of the identifying mechanism  3  is to use or connect permanent magnet and a strain gauge to the holder  2 . This will allow the holder  2  to act as a digital scale and based on the deflection of the holders  2  determine the type of utensil and orientation. Another preferred means is to use optical sensors, such as a series of beam break sensors, to determine the shape and orientation of the utensil. The optical sensors can be attached to an arm, such as the upper arm  5 , or the grasping mechanism  9 . 
     The identifying mechanism  3  serves two functions. A first function is to determine what type of utensil is attached to the grasping mechanism  9 . The second function is to differentiate between the two ends of the longitudinal axis so that the ends of the longitudinal axes can be matched with the utensils already sorted, as well as with the ones yet to be sorted. This method of identifying and orienting is completed electronically. The plurality of arms, in the case shown the upper arm  5  and lower arm  6 , can then physically orient the utensil by actuating rotationally using a motor, solenoid, or other technology in the art and place the utensil in a sorted area. 
     If necessary, the stop plate  10  can be used to aid in establishing the starting point for a scan to identify the utensil. The stop plate would serve as a fixed point where one end of the longitudinal axis of the utensil could be aligned against. Next, the utensil sorting apparatus A has a mounting mechanism  4  that allows it to be attached to a wall, table, bus bin cart, etc. This feature will allow for the utensil sorting apparatus A to be connected to a variety of objects found in a business where food is served. The mounting mechanism  4  can be a fastener set, quick clamp, magnet, hook, or other technology in the art. 
     The utensil sorting apparatus A may have more than one grasping mechanism  9  as well as a multitude of identifying mechanisms  3  in order to optimize the efficiency of the processes. Additionally, the plurality of arms can move independently or dependently depending on the need of the user for which it is designed. 
     Additionally, the locating mechanism  8  may also be used to determine how full a sorted tray is, such as the sorted tray  20  shown in  FIG. 2 . This feature can be enabled to inform the user when a sorted tray of utensils is ready to be washed. The notification can be an audio cue such as a beep, visual cue such as a light, or other method known in the art. 
       FIG. 2  shows an unsorted tray  21  sitting in a soaking tub  22  wherein there are unsorted utensils; a spoon  23 , fork  24 , and knife  25 ; these are examples of some of the possible utensils that may be sorted with the apparatus. Additionally, there is a sorted tray  20  with a spoon  23 , fork  24 , and knife  25  next to the unsorted tray  21 . This setup shows the start point and end point a potential sorting operation. Both the unsorted tray  21  and sorted tray  20  are examples of trays currently used in the restaurant industry; they represent one common example of equipment the utensil sorting apparatus A may have to integrate with. 
     Additionally, utensils such as a spoon  23 , fork  24 , and knife  25  can be stacked on top of each other. This can be done after the final cleaning and will allow the user to perform secondary operations, such as wrapping them in a napkin, more quickly. 
     Moreover, in  FIG. 3 , there is the same unsorted tray  21  in a soaking tub  22  next to the sorted tray  20  showing what the utensils may look like in the sorted tray  20  after they have been sorted and oriented. 
       FIG. 4  shows another possible way that utensils, such as a spoon  23 , fork  24 , and knife  25 , may be sorted and oriented after being removed from an unsorted tray  21  to a sorted tray  26 . The sorted tray  26  represents a second common method by which utensils are currently sorted. The sorted tray  26  represents another method in which the utensil sorting apparatus A may be used. 
       FIG. 5  shows the utensil sorting apparatus A in the process of identifying and orienting two utensils, a spoon  23  and knife  25  that were removed from the unsorted tray  21 . The utensils, a spoon  23  and knife  25  will be placed in a sorted tray  20  after they have been identified and oriented as previously described. The utensils are sorted by moving the grasping mechanism  9  close to the identifying mechanism  3 . In different embodiments, the identifying mechanism  3  can use the physical characteristics (e.g. weight, mass, width, length, depth, surface area, optical characteristics, etc.) to identify the type of utensil (e.g. fork, spoon, knife, etc.). In one embodiment, the identifying mechanism  3  can be a magnet attached to a digital scale. In such an embodiment, the digital scale may read different values for a utensil depending on which part of the utensil is near the magnet. The read values can be compared to previous or preset values stored in a computer memory by a computing device with a process coupled to the apparatus. Further, the apparatus can then rotate the arms such that the similar values are all at one side of a sorted tray. 
     In another embodiment, the identifying mechanism  3  can be an optical sensor. Such an optical sensor can detect the relative height of a surface on a utensil. It can also be used to detect the concavity of a utensil. Moreover, it can be used to detect the number of times a beam is broken; for example, a fork would have multiple breaks, where as spoon would only have one. The apparatus would also correlate the time between breaks to determine the width of a utensil. The optical sensor may be used in conjunction with a light source coupled to the apparatus to provide a beam for the optical sensor to detect beam breaks and a computing device coupled to the apparatus to analyze data provided by an optical sensor (directly or indirectly through an electro-optical device) to determine the type of utensil. 
       FIG. 6  shows the outside of the grasping mechanism  9 . The grasping mechanism  9  consists of a housing  30 , a housing cover  31 , and a channel  32 . The channel  32  is to help guide the utensil toward the center of the grasping mechanism  9  such that the longitudinal axis of the utensil is in line with the channel  32 . The purpose of this action is to align the longitudinal axis of the utensil with the lifting element  34  of the grasping mechanism  9  and the identifying mechanism  8 . 
       FIG. 7  is a cross section isometric view of the grasping mechanism  9  to show the lifting element  34  and the lifting element holder  33 . As shown, the lifting element  34  is an electromagnet; an electromagnet was chosen because a large portion of utensils are magnetic and this provides a non-contact solution while minimizing the number of moving parts. However, a permanent magnet in conjunction with a motor, solenoid, or stationary plate could also be used when utensils are magnetic. In the event that the utensils are not magnetic a suction device actuated by a motor or solenoid may be employed. Furthermore, other technologies in the art may prove to be acceptable designs as well. 
     Additionally, the grasping mechanism  9  may have a device connected to it to notify the utensil sorting apparatus A has picked up a utensil. In the case shown, the lifting element holder  33  has a strain gauge connected to it; this serves as a digital scale. Once the strain gauge detects a change in deflection the utensil sorting apparatus knows to move the grasping mechanism  9  to the identification mechanism  3 . This design also allows the utensil sorting apparatus A to initially identify the utensil based on its weight before the utensil nears the identification mechanism  3 , thus optimizing the efficiency of the identification process. However, other methods, such as an optical beam break, proximity sensor, or other know technology in the art could be used to notify the utensil sorting apparatus A when the grasping mechanism  9  has picked up a utensil. Other methods may not allow the utensil sorting apparatus A to initially identify a utensil. 
       FIG. 8  shows a lower arm carriage E consisting of a carriage  40 , a motor  41  mounted to the carriage  40 , miter gears  42 , and a secondary lower arm  43 , and two grasping mechanisms  9 . The lower arm carriage E allows the utensil sorting apparatus A to physically sort and orient a utensil as shown in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 . The motor  41  actuates the lower arm  43  so that the utensils, such as a spoon or fork, can have the ends of their longitudinal axis matched with those of the utensils that are already sorted. The longitudinal ends are matched as previously described with use of a digital scale and magnet, or an optical sensor. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9 , an example of an aperture plate  51  for aiding in the orientation and identification of a utensil is shown. This aperture plate  51  can be mounted to the utensil sorting apparatus A. The aperture plate  51  could serve as physical way to determine the orientation of the longitudinal axis of a utensil. This feature could serve as a check for other methods already mentioned. 
     In  FIG. 10  there is another example of an aperture plate  52  for aiding in the orientation and identification of a utensil shown. This aperture plate  52  can be mounted to the utensil sorting apparatus A. The aperture plate  52  has the same function as the previously mentioned aperture plate  51 , but may be a more a viable design based on economic and special constraints. 
     Next, in  FIG. 11 , a stand F is shown. The stand F consists of one more shelves; in this case an upper shelf  60  and a lower shelf  62 . The shelves may have a guide feature  61  that forces any utensils dropped toward the slot into an unsorted area, such as a tray or bin. The utensil sorting apparatus A may be connected to the stand F. The purpose of the stand F is to allow a more efficient integration of the utensil sorting apparatus A with existing equipment. 
     In  FIG. 12  an exemplary flow chart describes an exemplary method by which a utensil is sorted and oriented. The utensils can be added to the unsorted tray at any point in the process. A device implementing the exemplary method can lift a utensil so that it can sort, orient, and manage a device. 
       FIG. 13  is another exemplary flowchart  1300  showing an exemplary method for sorting utensils. The exemplary method may be implemented by a utensil sorting apparatus as described in the present disclosure. A first step in the exemplary method may be locating a utensil from an unsorted area, as shown in block  1310 . The location of the utensil may be determined by a locating mechanism of the utensil sorting apparatus. The locating mechanism is preferred to be a non-contact sensor to increase the robustness of the utensil sorting apparatus A. Suitable non-contact sensors include proximity sensors, or metal detectors, but other known technologies in the art can be acceptable as well. The unsorted area may be a tray of unsorted utensils. A further step in the exemplary method may be coupling the utensil after being located, as shown in block  1320 . The coupling may be implemented by a grasping mechanism of the apparatus as described in the present disclosure. An additional step in the exemplary method may be identifying the utensil based on the utensil&#39;s physical characteristics, as shown in block  1330 . Identifying the utensil may be done by an identifying mechanism of the apparatus as described in the present disclosure. For example, the identifying mechanism can use the physical characteristics (e.g. weight, mass, width, length, depth, surface area, optical characteristics, etc.) to identify the type of utensil (e.g. fork, spoon, knife, etc.). The identifying mechanism may be a magnet in combination with a digital scale to determine the weight of the utensil. Another identifying mechanism may be an optical sensor that detects the optical characteristics or beam breaks of the utensil. The exemplary method may also include a step of sorting the utensil into a sorted area, as shown in block  1340 . The sort area may be a sorted utensil tray. 
     Note that the functional blocks, methods, devices and systems described in the present disclosure may be integrated or divided into different combination of systems, devices, and functional blocks as would be known to those skilled in the art. 
     In general, it should be understood that the circuits described herein may be implemented in hardware using integrated circuit development technologies, or yet via some other methods, or the combination of hardware and software objects that could be ordered, parameterized, and connected in a software environment to implement different functions described herein. For example, the present application may be implemented using a general purpose or dedicated processor running a software application through volatile or non-volatile memory. Also, the hardware objects could communicate using electrical signals, with states of the signals representing different data. 
     It should be further understood that this and other arrangements described herein are for purposes of example only. As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other arrangements and other elements (e.g. machines, interfaces, functions, orders, and groupings of functions, etc.) can be used instead, and some elements may be omitted altogether according to the desired results. Further, many of the elements that are described are functional entities that may be implemented as discrete or distributed components or in conjunction with other components, in any suitable combination and location. 
     The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods, reagents, compounds compositions, or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. 
     With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity. 
     It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or an limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to embodiments containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or an (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.” 
     In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group. 
     As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” and the like include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth. 
     While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.