Patent Publication Number: US-7913710-B2

Title: Shading systems

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is related to and claims priority from prior provisional application Ser. No. 60/868,715, filed Dec. 5, 2006, entitled “SHADING SYSTEMS”, and is related to and claims priority from prior provisional application Ser. No. 60/833,535, filed Jul. 25, 2006, entitled “SHADING SYSTEMS”, and is related to and claims priority from prior provisional application Ser. No. 60/833,192, filed Jul. 24, 2006, also entitled “SHADING SYSTEMS”, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by this reference and are not admitted to be prior art with respect to the present invention by the mention in this cross-reference section. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     This invention relates to providing a system for improved shading systems. More particularly this invention relates to providing a system for improved exterior shading devices of highly adaptable configurations. Furthermore, this invention relates to shading canopies for outdoor spaces without props. 
     Typically, exterior shading structures are relatively expensive and inefficient to produce an install. These factors greatly reduce the prevalence of their use. Therefore, a need exists for an improved exterior shading structure system having highly adaptable features at a low cost. 
     OBJECTS AND FEATURES OF THE INVENTION 
     A primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide a system to overcome the above-described problems 
     It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system comprising cantilevered fabric shade structures and braced fabric shade structures. Each embodiment is preferably adaptable to be used as outdoor automobile parking covers. 
     A further primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide such a system that is efficient, inexpensive, and handy. Other objects and features of this invention will become apparent with reference to the following descriptions. If you are 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a wind relief system, relating to at least one shading structure supporting flexible shade elements positioned to provide shading during daylight times, comprising: at least one first flexible shade element having at least one first peripheral portion; at least one second flexible shade element having at least one second peripheral portion; at least one first bar supported within such at least one shading structure in a first position; at least one second bar supported within such at least one shading structure in a second position substantially parallel to such first position; at least one first connection connecting such at least one first peripheral portion to such at least one first bar; and at least one second connection connecting such at least one second peripheral portion to such at least one second bar; wherein at least one of such first and second bars comprises at least one flexible shade support; wherein such wind relief system is structured and arranged such that air flow into such first and second flexible shade elements bends such at least one flexible shade support to open air space between such at least one first peripheral portion and such at least one second peripheral portion; and wherein air may non-destructively flow through such at least one shading structure. Moreover, it provides such a wind relief system wherein such first flexible shade element and such at least one second flexible shade element each comprise at least one shade fabric. Additionally, it provides such a wind relief system further comprising such at least one shading structure. Also, it provides such a wind relief system wherein such at least one shading structure comprises: a plurality of primary support members to support such at least one first bar and such at least one second bar above at least one adjacent ground structure; wherein each primary support member of such plurality comprises at least one generally vertical support segment structured and arranged to be supported by such at least one adjacent ground structure, at least one substantially horizontal cantilevered segment to support substantially horizontally such at least one first bar and such at least one second bar, and at least one radius segment to smoothly transition such at least one generally vertical support segment to such at least one substantially horizontal cantilevered segment. In addition, it provides such a wind relief system wherein such at least one peripheral edge portion comprises: a continuous cord having a plurality of spaced cord loops; wherein such continuous cord is firmly attached with such at least one substantially flexible shade fabric along such at least one peripheral edge portion; wherein at least one center of each of such plurality of spaced cord loops is situated at a distance from such cord attachment along such at least one peripheral edge portion; and wherein each of such plurality of spaced cord loops is structured and arranged to assist connection of such at least one shade fabric to at least one of such at least one first bar and such at least one second bar. And, it provides such a wind relief system wherein: such at least one first bar comprises a substantially rigid member extending transversely between a least two primary support members of such plurality; and such at least one second bar comprises at least one substantially flexible cable extending transversely between a least two of such primary support members of such plurality. 
     In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a wind relief system, relating to at least one shading structure supporting flexible shade elements positioned to provide shading during daylight times, comprising: at least one first flexible shade element having at least one first peripheral portion; at least one second flexible shade element having at least one second peripheral portion; wherein such second peripheral portion comprises structural supports and comprises at least two end portions; at least one first bar supported within such at least one shading structure in a first position; at least one second bar supported within such at least one shading structure in a second position spaced from and substantially parallel to such first position; at least one first connection connecting such at least one first peripheral portion to such at least one first bar; and a plurality of flexible restraints respectively connecting each of such at least two end portions with such at least one second bar; and wherein air may non-destructively flow through such at least one shading structure through spaces between such second peripheral portion and such at least one first bar. 
     In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a cantilever-supported horizontal shade system comprising: a plurality of substantially vertical pole structures, each such vertical pole structure comprising at least one first pole end-portion and at least one second pole end-portion; a plurality of cantilever bar elements each respectively supported by and extending from such plurality of substantially vertical pole structures; respectively each supported by at least one of such plurality of cantilever bar elements, a plurality of substantially horizontal flexible shade elements positioned to provide shading during daylight times; and a plurality of ground-mounted sleeves each respectively structured and arranged to transfer force loads to an adjacent ground structure; wherein each such ground-mounted sleeve comprises least one interior wall comprising at least one internal socket; wherein such least one at least one internal socket is sized to accommodate such at least first pole end-portion and interstitial placement of at least one packing material packable between such at least first pole end-portion and such at least one interior wall; wherein positional adjustments of such plurality of substantially horizontal flexible shade elements is provided by at least one positional adjustment of at least one such substantially vertical pole structure within such least one at least one internal socket; and wherein at least one preferred position of such plurality of substantially horizontal flexible shade elements is fixed by packing of such at least one packing material packable between such at least first pole end-portion and such at least one interior wall. Further, it provides such a cantilever-supported horizontal shade system further comprising: such at least one packing material; wherein such at least one packing material comprises at least one substantially inert granular material. Even further, it provides such a cantilever-supported horizontal shade system wherein: substantially all such at least one granular material passes an aperture having a diameter of about 12 millimeters; and such granular quality of such at least one packing material remains substantially unchanged by such packing. 
     In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a system, relating to assisting peripheral connection of at least one flexible shade element to at least one supporting bar, comprising: at least one flexible shade element having at least one peripheral edge portion; wherein such at least one peripheral edge portion comprises a continuous cord having a plurality of spaced cord loops; wherein such continuous cord is firmly attached with such at least one flexible shade element along such at least one peripheral edge portion; wherein at least one center of each of such plurality of spaced cord loops is situated at a distance from such cord attachment along such at least one peripheral edge portion; and wherein each of such plurality of spaced cord loops is structured and arranged to assist connection of such at least one flexible shade element to the at least one supporting bar. 
     In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a cantilever-supported horizontal shade system comprising: a plurality of substantially vertical pole structures; a plurality of cantilever bar elements each respectively supported by and extending from such plurality of substantially vertical pole structures; and respectively each supported by at least one of such plurality of cantilever bar elements, a plurality of substantially horizontal flexible shade elements positioned to provide shading during daylight times; wherein such plurality of substantially horizontal flexible shade elements are adjacently situated to provide larger-area shade; and at least one flexible shade assister structured and arranged to provide shading, during daylight times, to shade at least one interstice between such adjacently situated horizontal flexible shade elements. 
     In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a cantilever-supported shade system comprising: at least one substantially vertical pole structure; at least one cantilever bar element, having at least one inner end portion and at least one extending end portion, supported by and extending from such at least one substantially vertical pole structure; supported at least partially by such at least one cantilever bar element, at least one flexible shade element positioned to provide shading during daylight times; at least one vertical support system, having at least one stowed arrangement and at least one deployment arrangement, structured and arranged, when deployed, to provide auxiliary vertical support to such at least one extending end portion; and at least one deployment assistance system structured and arranged to assist in deployment of such at least one vertical support system; wherein auxiliary support for such cantilever bar element may be provided to support unusual weights supported by such at least one flexible shade element. Moreover, it provides such a cantilever-supported shade system wherein such at least one vertical support system comprises: at least one vertical support member structured and arranged to support by supportive contact with at least one adjacent ground surface; at least one pivot coupler structured and arranged to pivotally couple such at least one vertical support member to such at least one extending end portion; and at least one retainer to retain such at least one vertical support member in such at least one stowed arrangement; wherein such at least one stowed arrangement positions such at least one vertical support member substantially adjacent such at least one extending end portion. Additionally, it provides such a cantilever-supported shade system wherein: additional loading of such at least one flexible shade element results in downward deflection of such at least one extending end portion; the vertical deployed length of such at least one vertical support is less than the vertical distance between such at least one extending end portion, at about the location of such at least one pivot coupler, and the at least one adjacent ground surface; such vertical deployed length allows complete deployment of such at least one vertical support under a first magnitude of such additional loading of such at least one flexible shade element; and the downward deflection of such at least one extending end portion, under a second magnitude of such additional loading of such at least one flexible shade element, brings such at least one vertical support into such supportive contact with the at least one adjacent ground surface; and such auxiliary support for such cantilever bar element is provided by such supportive contact. 
     In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a cantilever-supported-umbrella shade system comprising: a plurality of substantially vertical pole structures; a plurality of cantilever bar elements each respectively supported by and extending from such plurality of substantially vertical pole structures; and supported by at least one of such plurality of cantilever bar elements, at least one flexible umbrella shade element positioned to provide umbrella shading during daylight times; wherein each such at least one flexible umbrella shade element comprises four umbrella corners substantially defining a rectangle; and wherein each such at least one flexible umbrella shade element is peripherally supported by four straight peripheral-portion elements, each such peripheral-portion element extending between two of such four umbrella corners; and wherein each such flexible shade element is shaped by a set of interconnected internal support elements, each such set including at least one corner pole element, of such internal support elements, terminating adjacent at least one such substantially vertical pole structure; and at least one adjustable support system to support such at least one flexible umbrella shade element in such position; wherein such at least one adjustable support system comprises a plurality of support devices structured and arranged to assist adjustable setup and strengthening of such cantilever-supported-umbrella shade system. Also, it provides such a cantilever-supported-umbrella shade system wherein at least one of such plurality of support devices comprises: at least one vertically-adjustable sleeve member situate on at least one such substantially vertical pole structure and situate adjacent at least one pole-adjacent one of such four umbrella corners; and at least one first connector structured and arranged to connect at least one such straight peripheral-portion element, having an end portion adjacent such at least one pole-adjacent one of such four umbrella corners, to such at least one vertically-adjustable sleeve member; whereby vertical adjustment of such at least one vertically-adjustable sleeve member may adjust positions of such straight peripheral-portion element to overcome geometrical inconsistencies. In addition, it provides such a cantilever-supported-umbrella shade system wherein at least one of such plurality of support devices comprises: at least one vertically-adjustable sleeve member situate on at least one such substantially vertical pole structure and situate adjacent at least one pole-adjacent one of such four umbrella corners; and at least one second connector structured and arranged to connect at least one such corner pole element, having an end portion adjacent such at least one pole-adjacent one of such four umbrella corners, to such at least one vertically-adjustable sleeve member; whereby vertical adjustment of such at least one vertically-adjustable sleeve member may adjust positions of such corner pole element to overcome geometrical inconsistencies. And, it provides such a cantilever-supported-umbrella shade system wherein at least one of such plurality of support devices comprises: at least one vertically-adjustable sleeve member situate on at least one such substantially vertical pole structure and situate adjacent at least one pole-adjacent one of such four umbrella corners; and at least one third connector structured and arranged to connect at least one such straight peripheral-portion element, having an end portion adjacent such at least one pole-adjacent one of such four umbrella corners, to such at least one vertically-adjustable sleeve member; and connect at least one such corner pole element, having an end portion adjacent such at least one pole-adjacent one of such four umbrella corners, to such at least one vertically-adjustable sleeve member; whereby vertical adjustment of such at least one vertically-adjustable sleeve member may adjust positions of such straight peripheral-portion element and such corner pole element to overcome geometrical inconsistencies. Further, it provides such a cantilever-supported-umbrella shade system wherein at least one of such plurality of support devices comprises: at least one apex connector structured and arranged to connect at least two such corner pole elements, each having an end portions adjacent such at least one pole-adjacent one of such four umbrella corners, to at least two other such corner pole elements; wherein such at least one apex connector comprises at least one adjustable pivot to provide pivotal adjustment of angular relationships between such corner pole elements; whereby pivotal adjustment of the angular relationships between such corner pole elements may adjust at least one distance relationship between such four umbrella corners to overcome geometrical inconsistencies. Even further, it provides such a cantilever-supported-umbrella shade system wherein at least one of such plurality of support devices comprises: at least one fourth connector structured and arranged to connect at least one first such straight peripheral-portion element, of at least one first at least one flexible umbrella shade element to at least one second such straight peripheral-portion element, of at least one second at least one flexible umbrella shade element; wherein such at least one fourth connector comprises at least one first coupler to couple such at least one fourth connector with such at least one first such straight peripheral-portion element, at least one second coupler to couple such at least one fourth connector with such at least one second such straight peripheral-portion element, and at least one third coupler structured and arranged to couple such at least one fourth connector to at least one third such straight peripheral-portion element; wherein such at least one third such straight peripheral-portion element is shared by such at one first at least one flexible umbrella shade element and such at one second at least one flexible umbrella shade element. Even further, it provides such a cantilever-supported-umbrella shade system wherein such at least one first coupler and such at least one second coupler are structured and arranged to maintain such at least one first such straight peripheral-portion element and such at least one second such straight peripheral-portion element in a substantially co-axial arrangement. Even further, it provides such a cantilever-supported-umbrella shade system further comprising: at least one visual separator comprising at least one spaced set of substantially horizontal bars to provide spaced horizontal support extending between at least two such substantially vertical pole structures, at least one substantially flexible separator, at least one attacher to attach such at least one substantially flexible separator to such at least one spaced set of substantially horizontal bars, and at least one bar mount to mount such at least one spaced set of substantially horizontal bars to vertical portions of such at least two such substantially vertical pole structures; wherein mounting of such at least one substantially flexible separator to such at least two such substantially vertical pole structures provides visual separation between such at least two such substantially vertical pole structures. 
     In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a method of assembling at least one umbrella shade assembly, such at least one umbrella shade assembly comprising connectable umbrella structural components forming at least one umbrella apex, such method comprising the steps of: providing a loose assembly of such at least one umbrella shade assembly; applying at least one shade fabric to such at least one umbrella shade assembly; tightening such at least one shade fabric to such at least one umbrella shade assembly; providing at least one removable jack system to connect to such at least one umbrella apex; connecting such at least one removable jack system to such at least one umbrella apex of such at least one umbrella shade assembly before final firm connecting of such connectable umbrella structural components; vertical jacking of such at least one removable jack system until such at least one shade fabric is adequately taut; completing final firm connecting of such connectable umbrella structural components; and removing such at least one removable jack system from such at least one umbrella shade assembly. 
     In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a method of providing a wind relief system within at least one shading structure supporting flexible shade elements positioned to provide shading during daylight times, comprising the steps of: providing at least one first fabric panel having at least one first peripheral edge, such at least one first fabric panel comprising at least one flexible shade material; providing at least one second fabric panel having at least one second peripheral edge, such at least one second fabric panel comprising at least one flexible shade material; providing at least one first bar, supported within such at least one shading structure in a first position; providing at least one second bar, supported within such at least one shading structure in a second position substantially parallel to such first position; providing at least one first connection connecting such at least one first peripheral edge to such at least one first bar; and providing at least one second connection connecting such at least one second peripheral edge to such at least one second bar; wherein such wind relief system is structured and arranged such that air flow into such at least one first fabric panel and such at least one second fabric panel bends such at least one flexible shade material to open at least one air passage between such at least one first peripheral edge and such at least one second peripheral edge; and wherein air may non-destructively flow through such at least one shading structure. 
     In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a method relating to the installation of at least one shade support member comprising the steps of: placing at least one sleeve into at least one hole; surrounding the at least one sleeve with at least one concrete material; placing such at least one shade support member into such at least one sleeve; and positioning such at least one shade support member; and placing at least one depth controller inside the at least one sleeve so as to adjust the depth of such at least one shade support member. Furthermore, it provides such a method wherein such depth controller comprises a plurality of rocks. Even further, it provides such a method wherein such depth controller comprises at least one gravel. Even further, it provides such a method wherein such step of positioning comprises placing at least one wedge inside such at least one sleeve. Even further, it provides such a method wherein the at least one sleeve comprises at least one pipe. Even further, it provides such a method wherein the concrete-filled sleeve is stabilized by placing at least one collar on the top of such sleeve. Even further, it provides such a method wherein at least one portion of such at least one pipe comprises at least one Poly Vinyl Chloride material. Even further, it provides such a method wherein such at least one sleeve comprises at least one inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of each of such at least two shade support members. 
     In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a cantilever-supported shade system related to solar shading, such system comprising: at least one flexible shade element structured and arranged to provide solar shading; at least one cantilevered shade support member structured and arranged to support such at least one flexible shade element in at least one position to provide such solar shading during daylight times; at least one substantially vertical secondary support member structured and arranged to provide secondary structural support substantially independent of such at least one shade support member; a common foundation support structured and arranged to stably support both such at least one shade support member and such at least one substantially vertical secondary support member from at least one adjacent ground structure; wherein such at least one shade support member comprises at least one substantially vertical base segment, and smoothly transitioning along at least one radius extending upwardly from such at least one substantially vertical base segment, at least one substantially horizontal end segment; wherein such at least one substantially vertical secondary support member comprises at least one connector bar structured and arranged to connect such at least one substantially vertical secondary support member to such at least one substantially horizontal end segment; and wherein such at least one connector bar is structured and arranged to provide auxiliary cantilevered support to such at least one extending end portion. Moreover it provides such a system wherein such at least one connector bar comprises: at least one first bar end and at least one second bar end; at least one first connector structured and arranged to connect such at least one first bar end to such at least one substantially vertical secondary support member; at least one second connector structured and arranged to connect such at least one second bar end to such at least one substantially horizontal end segment; wherein such at least one first connector and such at least one second connector each comprise at least one hinged connection. In addition, it provides such a system wherein: such at least one substantially vertical base segment comprises at least one substantially circular cross section comprising at least one first outer diameter; such at least one substantially vertical secondary support member comprises at least one substantially circular cross section comprising at least one second outer diameter; and such at least one substantially vertical base segment and such at least one substantially vertical secondary support member are separated by at least one distance not substantially greater than the combined diameters of such at least one first outer diameter and such at least one second outer diameter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a perspective view illustrating an arch-type shade module of an adaptable shade system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  shows a side view, in partial section, of the arch-type shade module, according to the preferred embodiment of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 3  shows a perspective view illustrating a preferred coupled connection between a primary support member and a secondary support member of the arch-type shade module of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  shows an exploded view of a transverse coupler assembly of the coupled connection of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  shows the sectional view  5 - 5  of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 6  shows the sectional view  6 - 6  of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 7  shows a side view of the compression strap of the transverse coupler of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 8  shows an end view of a first compression block and a second compression block of the transverse coupler of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 9  shows a side view of the first compression block and the second compression block of the transverse coupler of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 10  shows a top view of the first compression block (the second compression block being substantially similar) of the transverse coupler of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 11  shows a top view of a preferred laced attachment of shade fabric to the supporting structures of the arch-type shade module. 
         FIG. 12  shows a partial enlarged view of the laced attachment of the shade fabric to a transverse support member. 
         FIG. 13  shows a partial enlarged view of a cable-supported peripheral edge of the shade fabric. 
         FIG. 14  shows an enlarged view illustrating a preferred edge-loop and related stitching of the shade fabric. 
         FIG. 15  shows an enlarged view illustrating a preferred corner-loop and related stitching of the shade fabric. 
         FIG. 16  shows a top view of a preferred wind-relieving application of the shade fabric to the supporting structures of the arch-type shade module. 
         FIG. 17  shows a sectional view through the section  17 - 17  of  FIG. 16  illustrating the wind-relieving feature of the installation of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 18  shows a rear view of a wind-relief port comprising another wind-relieving feature of the arch-type shade module. 
         FIG. 19  shows a perspective view of the wind-relief port of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 20  shows a side view of a back-to-back shade structure, comprising the arch-type shade modules of  FIG. 1 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 21  shows a side view of a tunnel shade structure, comprising the arch-type shade modules of  FIG. 1 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 22  shows a top view of a linear shade structure, comprising a continuous assembly of the arch-type shade modules of  FIG. 1 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 23  shows the sectional view  23 - 23  of  FIG. 22 . 
         FIG. 24  shows a side view illustrating a deployable cantilever support system adapted to provide additional structural support to the primary support member. 
         FIG. 25  shows a sectional view through the section  25 - 25  of  FIG. 24  illustrating a pivot coupler of the cantilever support system of  FIG. 24 . 
         FIG. 26  shows a sectional view through the section  26 - 26  of  FIG. 24  illustrating a pivot retainer of the cantilever support system of  FIG. 24 . 
         FIG. 27  shows a perspective view illustrating an umbrella-type shade module of the adaptable shade system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 28  shows a perspective view illustrating the structural framework of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 29  shows an exploded view illustrating structural components of the structural framework of  FIG. 28 . 
         FIG. 30  shows a perspective view of a scissor-type coupler of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 31  shows a perspective view of an adjustable coupler of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 32  shows a perspective view of a corner coupler of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 33  shows a perspective view of a T-type coupler of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 34  shows a top view of the scissor-type coupler of  FIG. 30 . 
         FIG. 35  shows a side view of the scissor-type coupler of  FIG. 30 . 
         FIG. 36  shows a side view of the adjustable coupler of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 37  shows a top view of a single-support adjustable coupler according to the preferred embodiment of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 38  shows a top view of a double-support adjustable coupler according to the preferred embodiment of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 39  shows an exploded perspective view of structural member connections adjacent the primary support member of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 40  shows a top view of the corner coupler of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 41  shows a side view of the corner coupler of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 42  shows a top view of the T-type coupler of  FIG. 33 . 
         FIG. 43  shows an exploded perspective view of structural member connections at an outer corner of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 44  shows a top view diagram of a single unit of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 45  shows a rear view diagram of a single unit of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 46  shows a side view diagram of a single unit of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 47  shows a top view diagram of a multiple unit of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 , comprising a side-by-side configuration, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 48  shows a rear view diagram of the side-by-side configuration of  FIG. 47 . 
         FIG. 49  shows a top view diagram of a multiple unit of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 , comprising a back-to-back configuration, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 50  shows a side view diagram of the back-to-back configuration of  FIG. 49 . 
         FIG. 51  shows a side view of a single umbrella-type shade module, comprising a modified support structure, according to an alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 52  shows a side view of a double umbrella-type shade module, comprising the modified support structure of  FIG. 51 , according to an alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 53  shows a top view of a double side-by-side umbrella-type shade module, comprising a modified support structure, according to another alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 54  shows a top view of a double back-to-back umbrella-type shade module, comprising a modified support structure, according to the preferred embodiment of  FIG. 52 . 
         FIG. 55  shows a side view of a plurality of the umbrella-type shade modules, comprising flexible vertical divider panels, according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 56  shows a side view, in partial section, illustrating a preferred assembly step in the assembly of the umbrella-type shade module, according to a preferred method of the present invention. 
         FIG. 57  shows a diagram describing a preferred method of developing a preferred wind-relief feature, within the arch-type shade module, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 58  shows a diagram describing a preferred method of developing a preferred mounting assembly, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 59  shows a side view illustrating a fixed cantilever support system adapted to provide additional structural support to the primary support member of an alternate arch-type shade module, according to an alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 60  shows a sectional view through the section  60 - 60  of  FIG. 59  illustrating a preferred relationship between support-receiving sleeves of the alternate preferred embodiment of  FIG. 59 . 
         FIG. 61  shows a side view of a back-to-back shade structure, comprising the alternate arch-type shade modules and fixed cantilever support system of  FIG. 59 , according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 62  shows a diagrammatic sectional view through an alternate preferred structural foundation connection. 
         FIG. 63  shows a diagrammatic sectional view through a second alternate preferred structural foundation connection. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BEST MODES AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  shows a perspective view illustrating arch-type shade module  102 , of shade system  100 . Arch-type shade module  102  represents a single preferred embodiment within a range of preferred embodiments forming shade system  100 . Shade system  100  generally comprises cantilevered shade structures assembled from one or more basic shade modules. 
     Arch-type shade module  102  is adapted to accommodate a wide range of useful functions, including the exterior protection of land vehicles, boats, and other valuable assets. The system is effective in protection against solar damage, bird-waste, and hail. The system is further adaptable to extend the usability of exterior spaces, including, loading docks, patio spaces, and pool decks. The system is effective in slowing the degradation of paving materials and provides a level of protection from snowfall unique to cantilevered shade structures. The illustration of  FIG. 1  depicts arch-type shade module  102  protectively covering an automotive parking space. 
     Preferably, each arch-type shade module  102  comprises a span of flexible shade material  112  supported by a rigid structural frame  114 , as shown. Flexible shade material  112  is preferably selected from materials providing environmental protection, most preferably solar protection through the control of ultraviolet (UVA-UVB) radiation levels. Preferably, structural frame  114  comprises a pair of primary support members  104  projecting upwardly from individual foundation structures  106 , as shown. Preferably, the interspacing of the primary support members  104  establishes the width of a single module and most preferably comprises a center-to-center distance of about five meters. 
     Preferably, each primary support member  104  comprises a generally vertical support segment  108  (at least embodying herein at least one generally vertical support segment structured and arranged to be supported by such at least one adjacent ground structure) smoothly transitioning along radius R 1  (at least embodying herein at least one radius segment to smoothly transition such at least one generally vertical support segment to such at least one substantially horizontal cantilevered segment) to form a nearly horizontal cantilevered segment  110 , as shown (at least embodying herein at least one substantially horizontal cantilevered segment to support substantially horizontally such at least one first bar and such at least one second bar). Preferably, each primary support member  104  is constructed from a rigid structural material, preferably a metallic material, most preferably from a mild steel sheet having a thickness of at least about four millimeters (mm). Preferably, the mild steel sheet is rolled and welded to form a conically shaped hollow member having a base diameter of about 130 millimeters and an ending diameter of about 60 millimeters, as shown. Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as intended use, cost, material availability, local building codes, etc., other structural member arrangements, such as, “I” section members, “H” section members, wide-flange members, non-conical members, laminated wood members, etc., may suffice. 
     Preferably, primary support members  104  comprise a projecting length of about five meters and a maximum projecting height, as measured from the adjacent ground surface, of about two and one-half meters. Radius R 1  preferably comprises a segment length of about one and one-half meters. Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as intended use, wind, loads, seismic loads, etc., other physical configurations, such as, structures of greater height, structures of greater cantilever spans, etc., may suffice. 
     Preferably, multiple secondary support members  116  form transverse links coupling the two primary support members  104 , as shown. Each secondary support member  116  preferably comprises a substantially rigid bar, as shown. Each secondary support member  116  most preferably comprises an elongated hollow cylindrical shape, as shown. Preferably, secondary support member  116  is of metallic construction, most preferably consisting of mild steel having a wall thickness of about two millimeters. Preferably, each secondary support member  116  comprises an outside diameter of about 60 millimeters. 
       FIG. 2  shows a side view, in partial section, of arch-type shade module  102 , according to the preferred embodiment of  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 2  clearly illustrates the preferred arrangement of five secondary support members  116  approximately evenly spaced across primary support member  104  beginning at the end termination  118  of support member  104 , extending across cantilevered portion  110  to about the lower point of transition between radius R 1  and vertical support portion  108 , as shown. 
     Preferably, each end of the secondary support members  116  is rigidly coupled to one of the two primary support members  104  using a transverse coupler assembly  120 , as shown. The preferred structures and arrangements of transverse coupler assemblies  120  are illustrated and described in detail in  FIG. 3 . 
     Preferably, each primary support member  104  is positionally maintained in the depicted configuration by foundation structure  106 , as shown. Preferably, foundation structure  106  (also identified herein as “footing”, is placed substantially within ground soil  122  below the level of the ground surface, as shown. Preferably, foundation structure  106  is designed to transfer the loads generated by the structure of arch-type shade module  102  from primary support member  104  to the supporting ground soil  122 . The ideal configuration of foundation structure  106  is generally influenced by local site and environmental conditions, which vary from region to region. Structural variables that are frequently considered when selecting a foundation design include wind and seismic loads, soil composition and bearing capacity, frost depth, and groundwater conditions. In addition, local foundation design practices and building codes often dictate specific foundation requirements. 
     The following example foundation design illustrates a highly preferred embodiment of foundation structure  106 . This design has been found to be suitable for use in many regions of the world. The following footing design is not based on a site-specific geotechnical report but assumes that normal residual soils, having a minimum bearing capacity, will be encountered at the excavated depths. Alternate preferred foundation designs are provided in  FIG. 62  and  FIG. 63 . 
     Preferably, foundation structure  106  comprises an isolated-type footing adapted to support both axial downward forces and overturning moments applied by the cantilevered structure. Preferably, foundation structure  106  comprises an enlarged geometric volume of solid material, most preferably a site-poured concrete material  125 , as shown. Preferably, foundation structure  106  comprises a cubic-shaped volume having sides of preferably just over about one meter in length. Smaller footing dimensions are possible (down to slightly under about one meter square) as site conditions permit (soil capacity, wind loading, etc.). Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as regional methods of construction, number of footing to be placed, etc., other footing arrangements, such as, the use of auger-formed cylindrical footings, spread footings, pier-type footings, continuous or combined footings, etc., may suffice. 
     Preferably, a hollow sleeve  124  is placed in a substantially vertical orientation within the upper central portion of foundation structure  106 , as shown. Preferably, concrete material  125  is poured around the base and sides of sleeve  124 , without any concrete entering the interior of sleeve  124 . Preferably, sleeve  124  is adapted to receive the lower end of primary support member  104 , as shown. Preferably, sleeve  124  is adapted to transfer force loads from primary support member  104  to the surrounding concrete encasement and ground structures (at least embodying herein a plurality of ground-mounted sleeves each respectively structured and arranged to transfer force loads to an adjacent ground structure). Sleeve  124  preferably comprises a hollow cylindrical segment of rigid piping, most preferably a segment of six-inch diameter (15.2 centimeter) Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe. Preferably, sleeve  124  extends from the upper surface of foundation structure  106  to a depth allowing at least about 50 centimeters (cm), most preferably at least about 70 cm of primary support member  104  to be inserted within foundation structure  106 , shown. 
     Preferably, primary support member  104  is retained within foundation structure  106  by compacting the space between the interior of sleeve  124  and primary support member  104  with a packing material, more preferably an inert granular material, most preferably screeded dry sand  126 , as shown. The use of densely packed sand allows for quick and efficient installation and field adjustment of primary support member  104  during initial construction. In addition, the use of packed sand addresses long-term environmental issues related to re-use of materials by allowing arch-type shade module  102  to be non-destructively removed and relocated. Preferably, sand  126  is screened to pass an aperture having a diameter of about 12 millimeters. Inert sand is preferably used because of its ability to form a densely packed encasement about the primary support member, while maintaining its inherent granular quality to facilitate later removal of primary support member  104 . Preferably, the base elevation of primary support member  104  is established by installing an elevation control material, which most preferably comprises a supportive layer of gravel  128 , to a measured elevation within sleeve  124 , as shown. The lower end of primary support member  104  is lowered into sleeve  124  until it comes to bear on the gravel base, as shown. Prior to the installation of sand, vertical support portion  108  of primary support member  104  is adjusted for proper vertical orientation (plumbed). In a preferred method of installation, several wedge-shaped inserts are driven at appropriate points between vertical support portion  108  and the upper interior of sleeve  124 . Once the preferred positioning of primary support member  104  is achieved, sand is packed and tamped around primary support member  104  up to within between about two centimeters and about eight centimeters of the top of sleeve  124 , as shown. Preferably, the remaining upper portion of sleeve  124  is capped with a rigid protective material, most preferably a high-strength cement-based grout  127 , as shown. Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as intended use, local codes, available materials, etc., other structural arrangements, such as, providing the primary support with a base plate that is mechanically fastened to anchors embedded within the footing, providing steel reinforcing bars/cages within the concrete footing, etc., may suffice. Additional teachings of related preferred methods of implementing shade modules of shade system  100  are presented in  FIG. 56 ,  FIG. 57 , and  FIG. 59 . 
       FIG. 3  shows a perspective view illustrating transverse coupler assembly  120  joining primary support member  104  and secondary support member  116  of the arch-type shade module  102  of  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 4  shows an exploded view of transverse coupler assembly  120  of the coupled connection of  FIG. 3 .  FIG. 5  shows the sectional view  5 - 5  of  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 6  shows the sectional view  6 - 6  of  FIG. 2 . 
     Preferably, transverse coupler assembly  120  comprises an assembly of modular components identified herein as first compression block  130 , second compression block  132 , compression strap  134 , and a fastener group  136  comprising threaded fasteners  144 , as shown. Single shade modules and terminating modules within a series of coupled modules (see  FIG. 22 ) preferably comprise additional fittings preferably comprising end pipe segment  138  and end cap  140 , as shown. 
     Preferably, first compression block  130  and second compression block  132  together form a compressive clamp designed to compressively engage the outer circumference of secondary support member  116 , as shown. Preferably, an internal compression channel  142  is formed by the arrangement of first compression block  130  adjacent second compression block  132  as depicted in  FIG. 3 . Preferably, the internal size of compression channel  142  is adjustable by tightening and loosening threaded fasteners  144  of fastener group  136 , as shown. Preferably, threaded fasteners  144  are passed through apertures (see  FIG. 10 , apertures  156 ) within a set of flanges  146  located along longitudinal edges of first compression block  130  and second compression block  132 , as shown. The tightening of threaded fasteners  144  preferably results in the impinging of the fasteners on the flange surfaces, resulting in the drawing of first compression block  130  toward second compression block  132 . 
       FIG. 7  shows a side view of an isolated compression strap  134  of transverse coupler  120 . Preferably, compression straps  134  are adapted to anchor transverse coupler  120  to the depicted points on primary support member  104 . Preferably, each compression strap  134  comprises a modified U-shape adapted to encircle and compressively engage the outer surface of primary support member  104 , as shown. Each of the compression straps  134  mounted along the primary support member  104  preferably comprises a unique inner diameter, each of the inner diameters generally corresponding to the outer diameter of the tapered primary support member  104 , at its respective point of attachment. The illustrations of  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 6  clearly illustrate the preferred correspondence between strap size and the variable outer diameter of primary support  104  at the locations of the connection. 
     Preferably, second compression block  132  is modified to comprise a set of threaded studs  148  and threaded nuts  150 , as shown. Preferably, transverse coupler  120  is mounted to primary support  104  by engaging compression strap  152  over primary support  104 , passing threaded studs  148  through apertures  154  (located within wings of compression strap  152 ), and tightening threaded nuts  150  to draw second compression block  132  and compression strap  152  tightly against primary support  104 . 
       FIG. 8  shows an end view of first compression block  130  and second compression block  132  of transverse coupler  120 .  FIG. 9  shows a side view of first compression block  130  and second compression block  132  of transverse coupler  120 .  FIG. 10  shows a top view of first compression block  130  (second compression block  132  comprising a substantially similar configuration). Preferably, first compression block  130  and second compression block  132  each comprise a substantially identical casting of at least one rigid material, most preferably a metallic material, with aluminum being most preferred for cost, strength and durability. Preferably, each apertured flange  146  comprises a symmetrical arrangement of apertures  156  adapted to pass threaded fasteners  144 , as shown. Preferably, an area of reinforcement identified herein as reinforced land  158  surrounds each aperture  156 , as shown. Reinforced land  158  is preferably adapted to assist in redistributing concentrated load forces from the area of the threaded connection to the body of the casting, as shown. Preferably, as best illustrated in the detailed inset of  FIG. 10 , reinforced land  158  further comprises a pair of flanking walls  162  configured to restrain threaded nut  160  from rotation about the longitudinal axis of threaded fasteners  144 . This highly preferred feature allows an assembler to install/tighten fasteners  144  using a single tool, thus greatly speeding the assembly process. Preferably, first compression block  130  and second compression block  132  are assembled using a symmetrical arrangement of six threaded fasteners  144 , as shown. 
       FIG. 11  shows a top view of a preferred laced attachment of flexible shade material  112  to the supporting structures of arch-type shade module  102 .  FIG. 12  shows a partial enlarged view of the laced attachment of flexible shade material  112  to transverse support member  116 . Preferably, flexible shade material  112  is lashed to the structural framing preferably using flexible cord  164  that is spiral laced to the structural members of the shade module, as shown. Preferably, cord  164  is coupled to flexible shade material  112  by passing though a plurality of attachment points, preferably an arrangement of looped eyelets  166 , spaced along peripheral edge  166  of flexible shade material  112 , as shown. Preferably, looped eyelets  166  are evenly spaced along peripheral edge  166  at a center-to-center distance X of about 30 centimeters, as shown. Preferably, flexible shade material  112  is drawn taut by tensioning flexible cord  164 . Preferably, flexible shade material  112  comprises polyethylene net material. 
       FIG. 13  shows a partial enlarged view of a cable-supported peripheral edge  167  within flexible shade material  112 , illustrating an alternate preferred lashing method. The preferred lashing arrangement of  FIG. 13  utilizes at least one flexible member, preferably comprising flexible cable  168 , as shown. Preferably, sufficient tension is applied to flexible cable  168  to produce a substantially linear cable configuration, as shown. Preferably, flexible cable  168  is situated generally parallel to peripheral edge  167 , as shown. This preferred placement allows flexible cable  168  to engage each looped eyelet  166  along the length of peripheral edge  167 , as shown. Preferably, the distal ends of flexible cable  168  are coupled to opposing anchor points within the structure of the shade module. 
       FIG. 14  shows an enlarged view illustrating preferred construction arrangements at looped eyelets  166  with preferred stitching of flexible shade material  112 . Preferably, looped eyelet  166  is produced by forming twisted loop  170  within the reinforcing edge cord  172  of peripheral edge  167 , as shown. Preferably, edge cord  172  is captured within a continuous linear pocket  174  formed by turning back the edge of flexible shade material  112  to produce the welt structure depicted in  FIG. 14 . Preferably, edge cord  172  is secured within continuous pocket  174  using edge stitching  176 , preferably an over-edge locking stitch, as shown. Preferably, edge stitching  176  is formed using a compatible heavy-capacity thread applied by an industrial sewing machine used in fabrication of aquatic nets, such as, for example, a Buraschi pneumatic sewing machine produced in Biassono Milan (Italy). To further enhance durability of the seam, a continuous chain stitch may be applied to the raw edge of flexible shade material  112 , as shown. 
     Preferably, flexible shade material  112  comprises a knitted synthetic fabric having a range of shade factors specifiable up to about 91 percent and solar UVA-UVB protections specifiable up to about 98 percent. Most preferably, flexible shade material  112  comprises a polyethylene-based net material. Preferably, edge cord  172  comprises braided synthetic cording having a nominal diameter of between about six millimeters and about ten millimeters. 
       FIG. 15  shows an enlarged view illustrating a preferred corner-loop  178  and related stitching of the shade fabric. Preferably, corner-loop  178  is produced by forming a twisted loop  170  within edge cord  172  as peripheral edge  167  makes the angular transition between adjacent panel edges, as shown. Preferably, edge cord  172  runs continuously through the corner transition and is secured within continuous pocket  174  using edge stitching  176 , preferably an over-edge locking stitch, as shown. Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, wind loading, etc., other edge attaching arrangements, such as, grommets, reinforced panels, ties, cringles, etc., may suffice. 
     The above-described edge arrangements at least embody herein at least one flexible shade element having at least one peripheral edge portion; wherein such at least one peripheral edge portion comprises a continuous cord having a plurality of spaced cord loops; wherein such continuous cord is firmly attached with such at least one flexible shade element along such at least one peripheral edge portion; wherein at least one center of each of such plurality of spaced cord loops is situated at a distance from such cord attachment along such at least one peripheral edge portion; and wherein each of such plurality of spaced cord loops is structured and arranged to assist connection of such at least one flexible shade element to the at least one supporting bar. 
       FIG. 16  shows a top view of a preferred wind-relieving arrangement  180  of flexible shade material  112  mounted to the supporting structures of arch-type shade module  102 .  FIG. 17  shows a sectional view through the section  17 - 17  of  FIG. 16  illustrating the wind-relieving feature of the installation of  FIG. 16 . 
     Flexible shade material  112  will characteristically experience variable levels of wind loading during operational service. Wind moving at right angles to the upper leading secondary support member  116  naturally reacts with the under-surfaces of flexible shade material  112 , particularly in the region of radius R 1  (see  FIG. 2 ). In most situations, the robust structure of shade system  100  resists wind-generated force loads without damage. Under severe wind loads, momentary wind gusts can potentially exceed the design limits of the system. To address this issue, shade system  100  preferably comprises a number of unique features adapted to reduce dynamic wind forces imposed on the structure of arch-type shade module  102 . 
     Preferably, flexible shade material  112  is applied to the supporting structures of arch-type shade module  102  in an arrangement providing one or more wind-relieving passages  182 , as shown. Preferably, wind-relieving arrangement  180  comprises a first fabric panel  184  having a first peripheral edge  186  (at least embodying herein at least one first flexible shade element having at least one first peripheral portion) spiral laced to one of the rigid secondary support members  116  (at least embodying herein at least one first bar supported within such at least one shading structure in a first position), as shown. Preferably, a second fabric panel  188  having a second peripheral edge  190  (at least embodying herein at least one second flexible shade element having at least one second peripheral portion) is attached to arch-type shade module  102  in a position overlaying first peripheral edge  186  of first fabric panel  184 , as shown. Preferably, second peripheral edge  190  is secured using the cable-supported arrangement of  FIG. 13 , as shown (at least embodying herein at least one second bar supported within such at least one shading structure in a second position substantially parallel to such first position). Preferably, second peripheral edge  190  overlays first peripheral edge  186  a distance Y, as shown. Distance Y is at least sufficient to provide continuous shade protection across the two flexible fabric panels, as shown. 
     Under small to moderate wind loads, second peripheral edge  190  is held tightly adjacent the upper surface of first fabric panel  184  by the tension of flexible cable  168 . Under high wind loads, forces applied to the under-surface of second fabric panel  188  are transferred to flexible cable  168  resulting in a momentary elastic deformation of the cable. Preferably, elongation of flexible cable  168  under the tensile load results in an upward deflection of second peripheral edge  190 , as shown (bending such at least one flexible shade support). Preferably, the upward deflection of second peripheral edge  190  creates wind-relieving passage  182  that preferably allows the wind to pass through the shade structure, essentially without restriction, as indicated by the arrow depiction. In the absence of significant wind loading, flexible cable  168  returns to a pre-loaded state that preferably draws second peripheral edge  190  to its former position held tightly adjacent the upper surface of first fabric panel  184 . 
     The above-described arrangements at least embody herein wherein such wind relief system is structured and arranged such that air flow into such first and second flexible shade elements bends such at least one flexible shade support to open air space between such at least one first peripheral portion and such at least one second peripheral portion; and wherein air may non-destructively flow through such at least one shading structure. It is noted that one may preferably make multiple attachment points and may utilize multiple secondary support members  116 , both above and below the primary support members  104 , to preferably produce a series of wind-relieving passages  182 . In other words, one may preferably provide a wind-relieving passage  182  adjacent every secondary support member  116 , after the first wind-relieving passage  182 , going down the system like “shark&#39;s gills”. 
       FIG. 18  shows a rear view of wind-relief port  192  comprising an alternate preferred wind-relieving feature used within arch-type shade module  102 .  FIG. 19  shows a perspective view of wind-relief port  192  of  FIG. 18 . Wind-relief port  192  preferably provides an alternate means for reducing wind loads within the structure of arch-type shade module  102  by diverting a portion of the wind, coming into contact with flexible shade material  112 , through a purposefully-designed rear opening, as shown. 
     Preferably, wind-relief port  192  comprises an aperture opening  191  formed within flexible shade material  112 , as shown. In most preferred embodiments of arch-type shade module  102 , wind-relief port  192  is located within generally vertical portions of the fabric shade panels, as shown. For example, wind-relief port  192 , as depicted in  FIG. 18  and  FIG. 19 , is preferably located in the area of radius R 1 , within the portion of flexible shade material  112  spanning between the two primary support members  104 , upper secondary support member  116 A (at least embodying herein at least one first bar supported within such at least one shading structure), and lower secondary support member  116 B (at least embodying herein at least one second bar supported within such at least one shading structure), as shown. 
     Preferably, wind-relief port  192  comprises a generally elongated rectangular opening having an upper interior edge  194  lower interior edge  196  (at least embodying herein one first peripheral portion), and opposing side interior edges  198 , as shown. Preferably, lower interior edge  196  comprises a plurality of looped eyelets  166  comprising a construction substantially similar to the edge construction described in  FIG. 14 . Preferably, lower interior edge  196  is spiral laced to upper secondary support members  116 A, as shown (at least embodying herein at least one first connection connecting such at least one first peripheral portion to such at least one first bar). Preferably, a fabric cover panel  200  is attached to flexible shade material  112  in a position overlaying wind-relief port  192 , as shown. Preferably, cover panel  200  (at least embodying herein at least one second flexible shade element) comprises a shape generally matching that of aperture opening  191 , most preferably an elongated rectangle, as shown. Preferably, upper peripheral edge  202  of cover panel  200  is firmly secured to flexible shade material  112  along upper interior edge  194 , most preferably by sewing, preferably using an appropriate thread, as shown. Preferably, peripheral edge  207  (at least embodying herein a second peripheral portion) comprises lower corner  204  and lower corner  206 , as shown. Preferably, lower corner  204  and lower corner  206  of cover panel  200  are lashed to the support structure of arch-type shade module  102  using flexible cord  164 , as shown (at least embodying herein a plurality of flexible restraints respectively connecting each of such at least two end portions with such at least one second bar). 
     Under small to moderate wind loads, the underside of cover panel  200  is held tightly against the upper surface of flexible shade material  112  by the tension of flexible cord  164 . Under high wind loads, forces applied to the under-surface of cover panel  200  are transferred to flexible cord  164  and the fabric of cover panel  200  resulting in a momentary elastic deformation of cover panel  200 . Preferably, such loading results in an upward deflection of peripheral edge  207  of cover panel  200 , as shown. Preferably, the upward deflection of cover panel  200  allows a portion of the wind to pass through aperture opening  191  without applying significant loads to the shade structure, as generally indicated by the arrow depiction. In the absence of significant wind loading, the materials of cover panel  200  return to a pre-loaded state effectively covering aperture opening  191 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 16  through  FIG. 19  and with specific reference to the diagram of  FIG. 57 , shade system  100  preferably comprises method  400 , comprising the preferred steps of: ( 401 ) providing at least one first fabric panel  184  having at least one first peripheral edge  186 , such first fabric panel  184  comprising flexible shade material  112 ; ( 402 ) providing at least one second fabric panel  188  having at least one second peripheral edge  190  such second fabric panel  188  comprising flexible shade material  112 ; ( 403 ) providing at least one first bar, supported within at least one shading structure in a first position; ( 404 ) providing at least one second bar, preferably supported within such at least one shading structure in a second position substantially parallel to such first position; ( 405 ) providing at least one first connection connecting first peripheral edge  186  to such at least one first bar; and ( 406 ) providing at least one second connection connecting second peripheral edge  190  to such at least one second bar; wherein at least one of such first and second bars comprises flexible cable  168 ; and wherein at least one of such first and second bars comprises secondary support member  116 ; wherein such wind relief system is structured and arranged such that air flow into first fabric panel  184  and second fabric panel  188  bends flexible shade material  112  to open an air passage between first peripheral edge  186  and second peripheral edge  190 ; and wherein air may non-destructively flow through such at least one shading structure. 
     Method  400  preferably provides within shade system  100  an arrangement that minimizes the load applied to shade elements during windy weather conditions, so as to prevent the shading system from damage to the pressure of air across the broad, impermeable projected surface area of a shade element. As previously noted, it is critical that shade system  100  remain in sound condition in the face of strong winds, in order for compliance with traditional municipal codes and regulations. 
       FIG. 20  shows a side view of back-to-back shade structure  210 , comprising two arch-type shade modules  102 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, a number of alternate preferred shade configurations are produced by the adjacent arrangement of multiple arch-type shade modules  102 , as illustrated in  FIG. 20  and  FIG. 21 . 
     Preferably, back-to-back shade structure  210  comprises a common span of flexible shade material  112  identified herein as linking panel  212 . Preferably, linking panel  212  spans from secondary support member  116 C of the first arch-type shade module  102  to secondary support member  116 D of the second arch-type shade module  102 , as shown. Preferably, to allow for minor variations of distance between the two structures, edge  214  of linking panel  212  (running parallel and adjacent to secondary support member  116 C) is sewn to the larger fabric panel while edge  216  (extending substantially parallel and adjacent to secondary support member  116 D) is laced to secondary support member  116 D, as shown. Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as intended use, length of span, etc., other arrangements, such as, using a single uninterrupted length of fabric, adding rigid support members, etc., may suffice. Back-to-back shade structure  210  of  FIG. 20  is especially useful in shading multi-vehicle parking areas, as shown. 
       FIG. 21  shows a side view of tunnel shade structure  218 , comprising arch-type shade modules  102 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, tunnel shade structure  218  similarly comprises a common linking panel  212 , as shown. Preferably, linking panel  212  spans from secondary support member  116 E of the first arch-type shade module  102  to secondary support member  116 F of the second arch-type shade module  102 , as shown. Edge  214  of linking panel  212  (running parallel and adjacent to secondary support member  116 E) is preferably sewn to the larger fabric panel while edge  216  (extending substantially parallel and adjacent to secondary support member  116 F) is laced to secondary support member  116 F, as shown. Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as intended use, length of span, etc., other arrangements, such as, using a single uninterrupted length of fabric, utilizing additional rigid support members, etc., may suffice. 
       FIG. 22  shows a top view of linear shade structure  220 , comprising a continuous assembly of arch-type shade modules  102 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 23  shows the sectional view  23 - 23  of  FIG. 22 . Preferably, a plurality of arch-type shade modules  102  can be interconnected to form a single linear shade structure of essentially any length, as shown. Preferably, each primary support member  104  (excluding the end supports) is adapted to support two adjoining sets of secondary support members  116 , as shown. Preferably, each adjoining set of secondary support members  116  is firmly retained in transverse coupler assemblies  120 , as best illustrated in the sectional view of  FIG. 23 . 
       FIG. 24  shows a side view illustrating deployable cantilever support system  222  adapted to provide additional structural support to primary support member  104 .  FIG. 25  shows a sectional view through the section  25 - 25  of  FIG. 24  illustrating pivot coupler  224  of cantilever support system  222 .  FIG. 26  shows a sectional view through the section  26 - 26  of  FIG. 24  illustrating pivot retainer  226  of cantilever support system  222 . 
     Preferably, deployable cantilever support system  222  (at least embodying herein at least one vertical support system) is principally used in geographic regions receiving heavy snowfall. Preferably, deployable cantilever support system  222  comprises support column  228  pivotally mounted to end terminations  118  (at least embodying herein at least one extending end portion) of primary support member  104  (at least embodying herein at least one substantially vertical pole and at least one cantilever bar element, having at least one inner end portion and at least one extending end portion) using pivot coupler  224 , as shown. Preferably, support column  228  is adapted to deploy from a substantially horizontal stowed position  230  to the depicted “operable” position  232  that provides additional structural support near the end terminations  118  of each primary support member  104 , as shown. 
     Preferably, pivot coupler  224  comprises a U-shaped strap  225  rigidly mounted to primary support member  104 , as shown. Preferably, support column  228  is pivotally retained within pivot coupler  224  using pivot pin  234 , as shown. Preferably, pivot pin  234  passes through apertures located within the end of pivot coupler  224  and support column  228 , as shown. 
     Preferably, pivot retainer  226  comprises a substantially rigid strap  227  firmly coupled to primary support member  104 , as shown. Pivot retainer  226  is preferably adapted to maintain support column  228  adjacent the underside of cantilevered portion  110 , as shown. Preferably, gap opening  236  of pivot retainer  226  is of sufficient width to allow support column  228  to be slipped from the supported position within pivot retainer  226  during deployment of the support (at least embodying herein at least one deployment assistance). 
     During periods when heavy snowfall is anticipated, cantilever support system  222 , may be manually deployed preferably by moving support column  228  out of pivot retainer  226  to allow support column  228  to swing into the depicted vertical position of  FIG. 24  (at least embodying herein at least one vertical support member structured and arranged to support by supportive contact with at least one adjacent ground surface). Note that support column  228  is preferably sized such that the lower end  238  hangs above ground surface  240  a distance D of preferably about 20 centimeters. This assures that support column  228  can be deployed, even after some loading of the structure has begun (at least embodying herein wherein the vertical deployed length of such at least one vertical support is less than the vertical distance between such at least one extending end portion, at about the location of such at least one pivot coupler, and the at least one adjacent ground surface). As the shade structure deflects under the weight of the snow, lower end  238  eventually touches ground surface  240  and begins to contribute to the support of the structure. Preferably, support column  228  comprises a metallic tube preferably having an outer diameter of at least 48 millimeters and a wall thickness of about two millimeters. 
     After the snow load has been removed from the system, cantilever support system  222  can again be placed in the stowed position  230  adjacent cantilevered portion  110 . This highly preferred system allows for the development of longer and lighter cantilever structures than would normally be developed in cold geographical regions. Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as intended use, local codes, cost, etc., other support column deployment arrangements, such as on umbrella cantilevers and such systems where snow conditions warrant additional vertical support (even without the “too short” initial support length), and such as using fully automatic deployment systems, wireless deployment systems, active deployment systems operating by the detection of local site conditions, active deployment systems operating on receiving remote weather data, passive deployment systems operating on a predetermined deflection condition within the shade support structure, etc., may suffice. 
       FIG. 27  shows a perspective view illustrating umbrella-type shade module  250  of adaptable shade system  100  according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 28  shows a perspective view illustrating structural frame  252  of umbrella-type shade module  250  of  FIG. 26 .  FIG. 29  shows an exploded view illustrating structural components of structural frame  252  of  FIG. 28 . Umbrella-type shade module  250  preferably comprises a preferred embodiment of the closely related cantilevered shade structures of shade system  100 . 
     As with the prior-described system embodiments, umbrella-type shade module  250  is adaptable to serve as exterior protection for land vehicles, boats, and other valuable assets. Preferably, umbrella-type shade module  250  is effective in protecting against solar damage, bird-waste, and hail. Umbrella-type shade module  250  is further adaptable to extend the usability of exterior spaces including loading docks, patio spaces, and pool decks. Preferably, umbrella-type shade module  250  is effective in slowing the wear and tear of paving materials and, when equipped with deployable cantilever support system  222 , provides a level of protection from snowfall unique to cantilevered shade structures. 
     Preferably, each umbrella-type shade module  250  comprises flexible umbrella shade element  257 , as shown. Preferably, flexible umbrella shade element  257  comprises a panel of flexible shade material  251  supported by a rigid structural frame  252 , as shown. Preferably, the inner corners of flexible umbrella shade element  257  (of a single module) are supported on two vertical columns identified herein as primary support members  254 , as shown. Preferably, each primary support member  254  comprises two ends with the lower end projecting upwardly from a preferred engagement with foundation structure  256 , as shown. As with arch-type shade module  102 , primary support members  254  (at least embodying herein a plurality of substantially vertical pole structures, each such vertical pole structure comprising at least one first pole end-portion and at least one second pole end-portion) of umbrella-type shade module  250  are removeably mounted within foundation structure  256 , by embedment within a sand-packed sleeve  124  (see  FIG. 2  for similar foundation mounting arrangements). 
     Preferably, each primary support member  254  comprises a substantially circular cross section, preferably a substantially uniform cross section having a preferred diameter of about 160 millimeters and a wall thickness of about four millimeters. Preferably, the tops of each primary support member  254  is capped to prevent rain water or other from entering the structural element. 
     Preferably, the interspacing of the primary support members  254  establishes the width of a single module and most preferably comprises a center-to-center distance of about five meters. The preferred overall dimensions of umbrella-type shade module  250  are about five meters by about five meters with a clear height of just over about two meters. 
     The cantilevered extension of flexible umbrella shade element  257  preferably comprises a group of elongated circular pipes assembled using a unique selection of adjustable pipe couplers, as shown. This preferred grouping of cantilevered support members include first horizontal segment  258 , second horizontal segment  260 , third horizontal segment  262 , fourth horizontal segment  264 , first curved support  270 , second curved support  272 , third curved support  274 , and fourth curved support  277 , as shown. Preferably, the outer corners of flexible umbrella shade element  257  are preferably supported from primary support member  254  by first upper diagonal member  266  and second upper diagonal member  268 , as shown. Preferably, each elongated circular pipe of the cantilevered extension of structural frame  252  comprises a preferred diameter of about 60 millimeters and a preferred wall thickness about two and one half millimeters. 
     Preferably, four adjustable corner couplers  276  interconnect first horizontal segment  258 , second horizontal segment  260 , third horizontal segment  262 , and fourth horizontal segment  264  to form a substantially horizontal parallelogram (preferably a rectangle having four umbrella corners) identified herein as peripheral frame  275 , as shown. Preferably, adjustable couplers  278  (at least embodying herein at least one vertically-adjustable sleeve members) support the two proximal corner couplers  276  of peripheral frame  275  from primary support members  254 , as shown. Preferably, each adjustable coupler  278  is adjustably mounted to the outer circumferential surface of its respective primary support member  254 , as shown. Thus, the above-described preferred arrangement facilitates assembly of the system by providing sufficient levels of adjustment to overcome geometrical inconsistencies. 
     Preferably, the two distal corner couplers  276  of peripheral frame  275  are supported from primary support members  254  by first upper diagonal member  266  and second upper diagonal member  268 , as shown. Preferably, each upper diagonal member extends from a respective corner coupler to near the upper termination of its respective primary support member  254 , as shown (at least embodying herein a plurality of cantilever bar elements each respectively supported by and extending from such plurality of substantially vertical pole structures). 
     Preferably, first curved support  270 , second curved support  272 , third curved support  274 , and fourth curved support  277  (each at least embodying herein at least one corner pole element) are interconnected by a single scissor-type coupler  280 , as shown. The resulting X-shaped assemblage preferably forms a preferred concave surface within flexible shade material  251 , as best shown in  FIG. 27 . Preferably, each free end of the assemblage is coupled to a respective corner coupler  276  (at least embodying herein such at least one first second and third connectors), as shown. 
     Preferably, flexible shade material  251  comprises a single fabric panel forming a parallelogram having a physical size generally matching that of peripheral frame  275 , as shown. Preferably, the four peripheral edges  282  of flexible shade material  251  comprise the loop-forming construction of  FIG. 14 . Preferably, flexible shade material  251  is spiral laced to peripheral frame  275 , in a manner substantially similar to the illustration of  FIG. 12 . As with the prior embodiments of shade system  100 , flexible shade material  112  is preferably selected from materials providing environmental protection, most preferably solar protection through the control of ultraviolet (UVA-UVB) radiation levels. Preferably, the surface of flexible shade material  251  is “post-tensioned”, after lacing, using a unique installation method further described in  FIG. 56 . 
     Preferably, in regions experiencing heavy snow loads, umbrella-type shade module  250  may comprise deployable cantilever support system  222 , as indicated by the dashed-line depiction of  FIG. 27 . Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as intended use, local codes, cost, etc., other deployable cantilever support system arrangements, such as utilizing deployable cantilever support columns without the “too short” initial support length, and such as using fully automatic deployment systems, wireless deployment systems, active deployment systems operating by the detection of local site conditions, active deployment systems operating on receiving remote weather data, passive deployment systems operating on a predetermined deflection condition within the shade support structure, etc., may suffice. 
       FIG. 30  shows a perspective view of scissor-type coupler  280  of umbrella-type shade module  250  of  FIG. 26 .  FIG. 31  shows a perspective view of adjustable coupler  278  of umbrella-type shade module  250  of  FIG. 26 .  FIG. 32  shows a perspective view of corner coupler  276  of the umbrella-type shade module of  FIG. 26 .  FIG. 33  shows a perspective view of a special T-type coupler  308  of the umbrella-type shade module  250 . 
       FIG. 30  through  FIG. 33  illustrate components of a preferred adjustable coupler system  253  (at least embodying herein wherein such at least one adjustable support system comprises a plurality of support devices structured and arranged to assist adjustable setup and strengthening of such cantilever-supported-umbrella shade system) used to assemble the structural framework of umbrella-type shade module  250 . The following descriptions discuss, in greater detail, specific structures and arrangements of the adjustable couplers comprising coupler system  253 .  FIG. 34  shows a top view of an adjustable scissor-type coupler  280  of  FIG. 30 .  FIG. 35  shows a side view of scissor-type coupler  280 . Preferably, scissor-type coupler  280  (at least embodying herein at least one apex connector) comprises connector tube  284 , connector tube  286 , connector tube  288 , and a pair of linking plates  290 , as shown. Preferably, two linking plates  290  are used to permanently coupled connector tube  286  to connector tube  288  in a substantially coaxial orientation, as shown. Preferably, the ends of linking plates  290  are located at 180-degree positions along the outer circumference of connector tube  286  and connector tube  288  and are permanently attach, preferably using thermal welding. Connector tube  286  is preferably spaced from connector tube  288  to form gap  287  through which connector tube  284  is passed. Preferably, connector tube  284  is pivotally coupled to linking plates  290  by a transverse pivot pin  291 , as best shown in  FIG. 34  and  FIG. 35 . Preferably, pivot pin  291  extends from the upper linking plate  290 , through connector tube  284  to intersect the lower linking plate  290 , as shown. Preferably, the ends of pivot pin  291  are permanently joined to linking plates  290  with thermal welding being the preferred method of joining. With this preferred construction, the rotational orientation of connector tube  284  is adjustable relative to connector tube  286  and connector tube  288 , as shown. The preferred adjustability of scissor-type coupler  280  assists efficient assembly of umbrella-type shade module  250 . Thus, the above-described preferred arrangement facilitates assembly of the system by providing sufficient levels of adjustment to overcome geometrical inconsistencies. 
     Preferably, connector tube  284 , connector tube  286 , and connector tube  288  comprise open-end sockets  292  for receiving end portions of the curved support members (first curved support  270 , second curved support  272 , third curved support  274 , and fourth curved support  277 ). The inner diameter of each end socket  292  is slightly larger than the outer diameter of each curved support member to enable inserted engagement of the member within end socket  292 . 
       FIG. 36  shows a side view of adjustable coupler  278  of  FIG. 31 .  FIG. 37  shows a top view of a single-support adjustable coupler  278  according to the preferred embodiment of  FIG. 31 .  FIG. 38  shows a top view of a double-support adjustable coupler  278  according to the preferred embodiment of  FIG. 31 . 
     Preferably, adjustable coupler  278  comprises a clamping device adapted to be mountable to the exterior circumference of primary support member  254 . Preferably, adjustable coupler  278  comprises a hollow cylindrical sleeve  296  having an interior diameter closely matching that of the exterior diameter of primary support member  254 . Preferably, gap  298  splits sleeve  296  along a pair of clamping flanges  300 , as shown. Preferably, clamping flanges  300  comprise apertures  301  adapted to receive threaded fasteners  302  (see  FIG. 39 ). Preferably, threaded fasteners  302  are used to draw gap  298  closed, thus reducing the inner diameter of sleeve  296 . This preferred arrangement allows sleeve  296  to be firmly clamped against the outer circumference of primary support member  254 , and preferably allows adjustable coupler  278  to be later repositioned, as required. Preferably, sleeve  296  further comprises at least one mounting plate  304 , as shown in  FIG. 37 , or two mounting plates  304 , as shown in  FIG. 38 . Preferably, mounting plate  304  is adapted to support corner couplers  276 . Preferably, each mounting plate  304  preferably comprise mounting aperture  306  used in conjunction with threaded fasteners  302  to retain corner couplers  276  in the preferred assembly positions. 
       FIG. 39  shows an exploded perspective view of structural member connections adjacent primary support member  254  of umbrella-type shade module  250  of  FIG. 26  (the assembly of the opposite inner corner is substantially identical).  FIG. 40  shows a top view of corner coupler  276  of  FIG. 32 .  FIG. 41  shows a side view of the corner coupler  276  of  FIG. 32 . 
     Preferably, upper end connection  269  of second upper diagonal member  268  is coupled to mounting tab  271 , as shown. Preferably, mounting tab  271  is permanently fastened, preferably welded to the upper end of primary support member  254 , as shown. Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, assembly preference, etc., other tab-mounting arrangements, such as, utilizing a vertically adjustable tab device similar to the lower adjustable couple, etc., may suffice. Note the preferred capping of primary support member  254  clearly depicted in  FIG. 39 . 
     Preferably, the inner corner couplers  276  are used to couple adjacent horizontal framing segments (at least embodying herein straight peripheral-portion elements) and supportively connects with lower connection ends  316  of curved support members (for example, first curved support  270  depicted in  FIG. 39 ). Preferably, lower end connection  316  is formed by flattening the end of the curved support member, and bending the flattened portion to an angle assisting a bolted connection with corner coupler  276 , as shown. Preferably, lower end connection  316  comprises mounting aperture  320  allowing the use of a threaded connector  302  to mount lower end connection  316  to corner coupler  276 , as shown. In the assembly of  FIG. 39 , corner coupler  276  couples third horizontal segment  262  to fourth horizontal segment  264 , as shown. 
     Corner coupler  276  preferably comprises two hollow cylindrical members  310  permanently joined at a 90-degree miter joint  309 , as shown. Preferably, the length of each hollow cylindrical member  310  (as measured from the outer corner of the miter joint) is about 28 centimeters. The preferred outer diameter of each hollow cylindrical member  310  is about 50 millimeters, which allows hollow cylindrical members  310  to engage interior end sockets of the horizontal segments forming peripheral frame  275 , as shown in  FIG. 39 . Preferably, corner coupler  276  comprises mounting aperture  312 , preferably used to couple upper diagonal members to corner coupler  276  at miter joint  309  and to couple corner coupler  276  to mounting plate  304 , as shown in  FIG. 39 . Preferably, aperture  312  passes fully through corner coupler  276  and preferably comprises an axis generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of hollow cylindrical members  310 , as shown. 
     Preferably, hollow cylindrical member  310  comprises mounting plate  314 , as shown. Preferably, mounting plate  314  is permanently attached to corner coupler  276  at the interior corner formed by hollow cylindrical members  310 . Preferably, mounting plate  314  comprises at least one mounting aperture, preferably elongated aperture  315  allowing an adjustable bolted connection with lower connection end  316  of a curved support member. Thus, the above-described preferred arrangement facilitates assembly of the system by providing sufficient levels of adjustment to overcome geometrical inconsistencies. 
     Preferably, mounting plate  314  is welded to hollow cylindrical members  310  an angle of about 35 degrees from horizontal, as shown. This preferred mounted position reduces the angle at which lower connection end  316  must be bent to develop a matching bolted connection with mounting plate  314 . This preferred feature greatly increases the overall strength of lower connection end  316  by avoiding weakening of the material occurring with severe angles of bend. 
       FIG. 42  shows a top view of the T-type coupler  308  of  FIG. 33 . T-type coupler  308  is preferably used to develop a range of preferred “multi-module” embodiments comprising two or more flexible umbrella shade elements  257  of two or more umbrella-types shade module  250 . More specifically, T-type coupler  308  is adapted to couple adjacent flexible umbrella shade elements  257  at a single primary support member  254 . In this preferred arrangement, two adjacent peripheral frames  275  share one common horizontal segment  317 , as best illustrated in  FIG. 45  (at least embodying herein wherein such at least one third such straight peripheral-portion element is shared by such at one first at least one flexible umbrella shade element and such at one second at least one flexible umbrella shade element). 
     The preferred configuration of T-type coupler  308  (at least embodying herein at least one fourth connector structured and arranged to connect at least one first such straight peripheral-portion element, of at least one first at least one flexible umbrella shade element to at least one second such straight peripheral-portion element, of at least one second at least one flexible umbrella shade element) essentially matches that of corner coupler  276 , modified to be bisymmetrical about axis  319  of hollow cylindrical member  321 , as shown. Preferably, T-type coupler  308  is structured and arranged to maintain a first horizontal framing segments (straight peripheral-portion element) and a second horizontal framing segments (straight peripheral-portion element) in a substantially co-axial arrangement, as shown. 
       FIG. 43  shows an exploded perspective view of structural member connections at outer corner  322  of umbrella-type shade module  250  of  FIG. 26 . Preferably, the adjustable assembly of the opposite outer corner is substantially identical. 
     Preferably, the outer corner coupler  276  couples first horizontal segment  258  to second horizontal segment  260 , as shown. Preferably, lower end connection  324  of first upper diagonal member  266  is coupled to corner coupler  276  at aperture  312 , as shown. Preferably, lower end connection  316  of third curved support  274  is coupled to mounting plate  314 , as shown. Preferably, a screw  326  is used to adjustably secure each tube-to-socket engagement, as shown. Preferably, structural frame  252  is assembled using appropriately sized threaded fasteners  302 , most preferably comprising threaded bolts and nuts, as shown. Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as intended use, cost, selection of materials, etc., other fastener arrangements, such as, welds, clamps, quick-release fasteners, etc., may suffice. 
       FIG. 44  shows a top view diagram of a single module of umbrella-type shade module  250   FIG. 26 .  FIG. 45  shows a rear view diagram of a single module of umbrella-type shade module  250  of  FIG. 26 .  FIG. 46  shows a side view diagram of a single module of umbrella-type shade module  250  of  FIG. 26 . 
       FIG. 47  shows a top view diagram of a multiple unit of umbrella-type shade module  250  of  FIG. 26 , comprising side-by-side configuration  350 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 48  shows a rear view diagram of side-by-side configuration  350  of  FIG. 47 . 
       FIG. 49  shows a top view diagram of a multiple unit of umbrella-type shade module  250  of  FIG. 26 , comprising back-to-back configuration  352 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 50  shows a side view diagram of back-to-back configuration  352  of  FIG. 49 . 
       FIG. 51  shows a side view of a single alternate umbrella-type shade module  360 , comprising modified support structure  362 , according to an alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, modified support structure  362  comprises additional structural reinforcing to extend the use of alternate umbrella-type shade module  360  to geographic regions subjected to greater environmental force loads. Preferably, the structures and arrangements of alternate umbrella-type shade module  360  substantially match those of umbrella-type shade module  250 , except as noted below. 
     Preferably, alternate umbrella-type shade module  360  comprises an additional vertical link  364  connecting horizontal segment  366  with upper diagonal member  368 , as shown. Vertical link  364  is preferably located at about the mid span of each member and preferably forms a truss-like structure along each side of alternate umbrella-type shade module  360 , as shown. In addition, the profile of curved support assembly  370  is modified to bring apex  372  of the umbrella to an elevation substantially matching the upper connection point between vertical link  364  and upper diagonal member  368 , as shown. This preferred arrangement facilitates the application of additional horizontal support members  374  linking apex  372  to upper diagonal member  368 , as shown. 
       FIG. 52  shows a side view of a double umbrella-type shade assembly  380 , comprising modified support structure  362  of  FIG. 51 , according to an alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the preferred embodiment of  FIG. 52 , apexes  372  of adjoining shade modules have been joined by horizontal support member  374 , as shown. This preferred arrangement adds additional stiffness to structural framing and provides opportunities to produce alternate canopy shapes, as shown. 
       FIG. 53  shows a top view of another double (side-by-side) umbrella-type shade assembly, comprising modified support structure  362  and corresponding canopy shape, according to another alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the preferred embodiment of  FIG. 53 , apexes  372  of adjoining shade modules have been joined by horizontal support member  374  to form an elongated canopy vault, as shown.  FIG. 54  shows a top view of double umbrella-type shade module  380 , comprising a modified support structure  362 , according to the alternate preferred embodiment of  FIG. 52 . 
       FIG. 55  shows a side view of a plurality of umbrella-type shade modules  250  comprising flexible divider panels  328 , according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention (at least embodying herein at least one visual separator). Preferably, a series of umbrella-type shade modules  250  are configured as individual “bays” by the preferred application of flexible divider panels  328 , as shown (at least embodying herein at least one substantially flexible separator). Preferably, flexible divider panels  328  comprise a vertically oriented flexible fabric panel having top and bottom peripheral edges  337  affixed to transverse support bars  330 , as shown. Preferably, transverse support bars  330  extend between primary support members  254  and are preferably secured using transverse coupler assemblies  120 , as shown. Preferably, a plurality of transverse support bars  330  are used such that flexible shade material  112  of flexible divider panels  328  can be mounted to the shade structure in an alternating “woven” pattern, as shown. This preferred arrangement provides visual separation between the areas residing under the individual shade modules, as shown. 
       FIG. 56  shows a side view, in partial section, illustrating a preferred assembly step in the assembly of umbrella-type shade module  250  according to preferred method  450  of the present invention. It has been observed that failure of the flexible shade material is often attributable to mechanical wear caused by the repeated movement of the material against the rigid supporting structure. Over time, this mechanical wear produces wear holes that necessitate the replacement of the flexible shade material (for example, flexible shade material  112  within umbrella-type shade module  250 ). Installing flexible shade material  112  to structural frame  252  under increased tension assists in reducing mechanical wear by immobilizing flexible shade material  112  relative to the structure. In a highly preferred installation method, flexible shade material  112  is “post-tensioned”, after the lacing of flexible shade material  112  to peripheral frame  275 , by the vertical “hoisting/jacking” of structural frame  252 , preferably at scissor-type coupler  280 , as shown. 
     Preferably, flexible shade material  112  is first laced tightly to peripheral frame  275 , as shown. Preferably, bolted and screwed connections between the cantilevered structural members of structural frame  252  initially remain loosely tightened until the vertical “hoisting/jacking” of the structure is completed. Preferably, a vertical force is applied to the underside of scissor-type coupler  280  by operation of jack  311 , as shown. Preferably, the upward force jack  311  modifies the shape of the support structure increasing the tension of flexible shade material  112 . Once the preferred level of tension is achieved, structural frame  252  is positionally secured with all mechanical fasteners installed and tightened. Preferably, jack  311  is then removed leaving flexible shade material  112  in the preferred state of tension. 
     As shown in diagram of  FIG. 58 , and with special reference to  FIG. 2 , and with continued reference to  FIG. 1  through  FIG. 53 , shade system  100  preferably comprises method  500  comprising the steps of: ( 501 ) placing at least one sleeve  124  into at least one hole formed within ground soil  122 ; ( 502 ) surrounding the at least one sleeve  124  with at least one concrete material  125 ; ( 503 ) placing at least one primary support member  104  into such at least one sleeve  124 ; and ( 504 ) positioning such at least one primary support member  104 ; wherein such step of positioning comprises placing at least one depth-controller, preferably comprising a base of gravel  128  inside the at least one sleeve  124  so as to adjust the depth of such at least one primary support member  104 . 
     Method  500  preferably provides a stable foundation, supported at a specifically desired height. Method  500  is preferably applicable to each of the above-described embodiments of shade system  100 , including embodiments of shade system  100  utilizing arch-type shade module  102  and embodiments of shade system  100  utilizing umbrella-type shade module  250 . 
     According to a preferred method of the present invention, holes to receive foundation structures  106  are excavated under the preferred location of each the primary shade support members (primary support member  104  or primary support member  254 ). A datum elevation, preferably a level line is preferably is establish near the surface of ground soil  122 . This datum elevation is used by the fabricator to set the elevation of the base ends of the primary shade support members. In practical application, the datum elevation is established by the placement of a level string extending between two stakes driven into ground soil  122  generally adjacent to the excavated holes. Sleeves  124 , preferably a hollow cylindrical pipe, are preferably placed vertically in each of the excavated holes. Preferably, sleeves  124  have an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the primary shade support member intended to be positioned in that hole. 
     Each hole is preferably filled with concrete material  125 , preferably surrounding the base and sides of sleeve  124 , without any concrete entering the interior of sleeve  124 . Once the concrete has dried, a depth controller, preferably a plurality of rocks, preferably gravel  128 , is placed inside the base of sleeves  124  so as to provide sensitive depth adjustment control of the primary shade support member. The use of gravel  128  allows for height adjustment of the entire structure, so as to allow for consistent placement of shades, uniform in height, across a site. Gravel  128  is preferably compacted, so as to prevent future shifting or settling of gravel  128 , which would undesirably affect the position of the primary shade support member. The base of the primary shade support member is preferably then placed inside sleeve  124 . The primary shade support member may be removed, and more gravel added, in order to control and readjust the height of the primary shade support member. 
     Throughout the process, additional position controls are preferably utilized, such as levels, tape measures and other references and/or measuring devices, in order to ensure proper positioning of the entire system, as to create a uniform shade structure compliant with municipal codes and regulations, matching specific height and esthetic codes and regulations. 
     Furthermore, wedges, preferably wood, are position at the top of sleeve  124 , preferably hammered in, between sleeve  124  and the primary shade support members, preferably in order to allow for slight adjustments to the vertical orientation of the primary shade support member. In addition, a packing material, more preferably an inert granular material, most preferably sand is preferably packed inside sleeve  124 , to fill in the interstitial space between the rocks, primary shade support member, and sleeve  124 , preferably so as to prevent future shifting or settling, which would undesirably affect the position of the shade support member. Preferably, substantially all such at least one granular material passes an aperture having a diameter of about 12 millimeters; and such granular quality of such at least one packing material remains after such packing. 
     In an alternate preferred embodiment (see also  FIG. 2 ), a collar, preferably concrete grout  127 , is preferably applied on the top area of sleeve  124 , preferably so as to collar the shade support member, as well as improve esthetics by hiding sleeve  124  and/or wedges. 
       FIG. 59  shows a side view illustrating alternate arch-type shade module  602  according to an alternate preferred embodiment of shade system  100 . The use of alternate arch-type shade module  602  is preferred in geographic regions subject to heavy environmental loads. This preferably includes regions experiencing moderate to heavy snowfall, moderate to heavy wind loads, or a combination of both loading conditions. The use of alternate arch-type shade module  602  is also preferred where local regulations restrict the use of deployable cantilever support system  222  of  FIG. 24 . 
     Preferably, alternate arch-type shade module  602  substantially matches the structure and arrangements of arch-type shade module  102  of  FIG. 1 , with the preferred addition of fixed cantilever support system  600 , as described below. Fixed cantilever support system  600  is preferably adapted to provide additional structural support to primary support member  604  (equivalent to primary support member  104 ), as shown. Thus, primary support member  604  preferably comprises at least one substantially vertical base segment  606  smoothly transitioning along radius R 1  (preferably comprising a segment length of about one and one-half meters) extending upwardly from vertical base segment  606  to preferably form at least one substantially horizontal end segment  608 , as shown. As with primary support member  104 , each primary support member  604  is constructed from a substantially rigid structural material, preferably a metallic material, most preferably from a mild steel sheet having a thickness of at least about four millimeters (mm). Preferably, the mild steel sheet is rolled and welded to form a conically shaped hollow member having a base diameter of about 130 millimeters and an ending diameter of about 60 millimeters. Preferably, primary support members  604  comprise a projecting length of about five meters and a maximum projecting height, as measured from the adjacent ground surface, of about two and one-half meters. 
     Preferably, a plurality of transverse coupler assemblies  120  span between adjacent primary support members  604 , in a manner substantially similar to the prior embodiments (see  FIG. 22 ). Preferably, the interspacing of the primary support members  604  establishes the width of a single module and most preferably comprises a center-to-center distance of about five meters. Alternate arch-type shade module  602  is preferably structured and arranged to support flexible shade material  112  (at least embodying herein at least one flexible shade element) in at least one position to provide solar shading during daylight times, as shown. 
     Preferably, fixed cantilever support system  600  of alternate arch-type shade module  602  comprises at least one substantially vertical secondary support member  610 , as shown. Preferably, secondary support member  610  is structured and arranged to provide secondary structural support substantially independent of primary support members  604 , as shown. 
     The basic design of secondary support member  610  is preferably derived from the previously described design of primary support member  254 . Preferably, each secondary support member  610  comprises a substantially circular cross section, preferably a substantially uniform cross section having a preferred diameter of about 160 millimeters and a wall thickness of about four millimeters. Preferably, the tops of each secondary support member  610  is capped to prevent rain water or other material from entering the structural element. 
     Preferably, alternate arch-type shade module  602  is supported within a foundation structure, more preferably by a single common foundation structure  612 , preferably adapted to stably support the system within the adjacent ground structure (ground soil  122 ), as shown (at least embodying herein a common foundation support structured and arranged to stably support both such at least one shade support member and such at least one substantially vertical secondary support member). Preferably, each vertical base segment  606  projects upwardly from an engagement with foundation structure  612 , as shown. Preferably, each secondary support member  610  comprises two ends with the lower end also projecting upwardly from an engagement with foundation structure  612 , as shown. 
     Preferably, each secondary support member  610  further comprises at least one, most preferably two connector bars  614 , as shown. Preferably, each connector bar  614  provides a structural connection between secondary support member  610  and horizontal end segment  608 , as shown, thus providing independent auxiliary cantilevered support to horizontal end segment  608 . Preferably, each connector bar  614  comprises a rigid bar capable of transferring both tension and compression forces. Preferably, each connector bar  614  comprises an elongated circular pipe, preferably comprising a minimum diameter of about 60 millimeters and a minimum wall thickness of about two and one half millimeters. 
     Preferably, each connector bar  614  comprises first bar end  620  and second bar end  622 , as shown. Preferably, a first connector assembly  624  is provided at first bar end  620  to connect connector bar  614  to mounting plate  630  of secondary support member  610 , as shown. Preferably, mounting plate  630  is permanently fastened, preferably welded to the upper end of secondary support member  610 , as shown. Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, assembly preference, etc., other mounting arrangements, such as, utilizing a vertically adjustable mounting plate, etc., may suffice. Preferably, first bar end  620  is coupled to mounting plate  630  using bolted connection  632 , as shown. 
     Preferably, a second connector assembly  626  is provided at second bar end  622  to connect connector bar  614  to horizontal end segment  608 , as shown. Preferably, horizontal end segment  608  is equipped with at least one, most preferably two connection points  616 , as best shown in the enlarged detail of  FIG. 59 . Preferably, each connection point  616  is adapted to couple with second bar end  622  using another bolted connection  632 , as shown. Preferably, each connection point  616  comprises a connector tab  618 , as shown. Preferably connector tab  618  comprises a rigid metallic plate projecting from the upper surface of horizontal end segment  608 , as shown. Preferably, connector tab  618  is permanently fastened, preferably welded to the upper surface of horizontal end segment  608 , as shown. 
     Preferably, for each connector bar  614  of fixed cantilever support system  600 , at least one of the above-described connector assemblies (first connector assembly  624  or second connector assembly  626 ) comprises a hinged connection, most preferably bolted connection  632 , as shown. Most preferably, both first connector assembly  624  and second connector assembly  626  comprise bolted connections, as shown. Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as intended use, local codes, preferred assembly methodology, etc., other coupling arrangements, such as permanent welding, use of adjustable couplers, clamp assemblies, etc., may suffice. 
     Preferably, first bar end  620  and second bar end  622  are each formed by flattening the ends of connector bar  614 , as shown. Preferably, first bar end  620  and second bar end  622  each is receive an aperture  628  allowing the assembly of bolted connection  632 . 
       FIG. 60  shows a sectional view through the section  60 - 60  of  FIG. 59  illustrating a preferred relationship between support-receiving sleeves  124  of alternate arch-type shade module  602  of  FIG. 59 . As with arch-type shade module  102 , primary support member  604  is removeably mounted within foundation structure  612 , preferably by embedment within a sand-packed sleeve  124 . Moreover, as with primary support member  254  of umbrella-type shade module  250 , preferably, secondary support member  610  is removeably mounted within foundation structure  612 , preferably by embedment within a second sand-packed sleeve  124  (see  FIG. 2  for similar foundation mounting arrangements). 
     Preferably, primary support member  604  and secondary support member  610  are closely situated within foundation structure  612 , as shown. Preferably, primary support member  604  and secondary support member  610  are separated by at least one distance Q not substantially greater than the combined diameters of primary support member  604  and secondary support member  610 . For example, if primary support member  604  comprises a preferred base diameter of about 130 millimeters, and secondary support member  610  comprises a preferred diameter of about 160 millimeters, the maximum distance Q between vertical members shall not exceed about 290 millimeters. In most installations it is preferred that primary support member  604  and secondary support member  610  be situated as closely as practical within foundation structure  612 . 
       FIG. 61  shows a side view of back-to-back shade structure  640 , comprising opposing alternate arch-type shade module  602  is symmetrically arranged about a modified embodiment of the central fixed cantilever support system of  FIG. 59 , according to another preferred embodiment of shade system  100 . 
     Preferably, back-to-back shade structure  640  comprises a single secondary support member  610  supporting two symmetrically opposing primary support members  604 , as shown. Preferably, secondary support member  610  comprises two mounting plates  630 , as shown. Preferably, each mounting plate  630  is permanently fastened, preferably welded to opposing sides of secondary support member  610 , as shown. 
     Preferably, back-to-back shade structure  640  comprises a common span of flexible shade material  112  identified herein as linking panel  212 . Preferably, linking panel  212  spans from a transverse coupler assembly  120  of the first primary support member  604  to a transverse coupler assembly  120  of the second primary support member  604 , as shown. Specific preferred installation methodologies related to the application of linking panel  212  is discussed in  FIG. 20 . Back-to-back shade structure  640  of  FIG. 61  is especially useful in shading multi-vehicle parking areas. 
       FIG. 62  shows a diagrammatic sectional view through alternate preferred structural foundation connection  650 .  FIG. 63  shows a diagrammatic sectional view through alternate preferred structural foundation connection  660 , according to preferred embodiments of the present invention. Alternate preferred structural foundation connection  650  preferably comprises bolted connection  652  used to bolt vertical support member  690  to a reinforced foundation structure  106 , as shown. Alternate preferred structural foundation connection  660  preferably comprises a direct embedment of vertical support member  690  within foundation structure  106 , as shown. The aforementioned alternate foundation arrangements are preferably used in geographical jurisdictions restricting or prohibiting the use of the removable foundation installation of  FIG. 2 . 
     Bolted connection  652  of alternate preferred structural foundation connection  650  preferably comprises the use of a mounting plate  651  welded to the bottom of vertical support member  690 , as shown. Preferably, mounting plate  651  is secured by a set of anchor bolts  653  preferably embedded within foundation structure  106 , as shown. Preferably, mounting plate  651  is leveled using a set of leveling nuts  654  and is subsequently grouted solid once proper level has been achieved. Preferably, mounting plate  651  may be protectively covered by a cementatous material  656 , as shown. 
     Although applicant has described applicant&#39;s preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be understood that the broadest scope of this invention includes modifications such as diverse shapes, sizes, and materials. Such scope is limited only by the below claims as read in connection with the above specification. Further, many other advantages of applicant&#39;s invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the above descriptions and the below claims.