Patent Publication Number: US-2023161133-A1

Title: Lens driving apparatus

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/034,992, filed Sep. 28, 2020; which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/537,817, filed Jun. 19, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,830,985, issued Nov. 10, 2020; which is the U.S. national stage application of International Patent Application No. PCT/KR2015/013110, filed Dec. 3, 2015, which claims priority to Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2014-0184639, filed Dec. 19, 2014, and 10-2015-0004070, filed Jan. 12, 2015, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments relate to a lens moving apparatus. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In this section, the following description merely provides information regarding the background of the embodiments, and does not constitute the conventional art. 
     In recent years, information technology (IT) products equipped with miniature digital cameras, such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablet PCs, and laptop computers, have been actively developed. 
     A lens moving apparatus that adjusts the distance between an image sensor, which converts external light into a digital image or a digital video, and a lens to control the focal distance of the lens, that is, performs auto focusing, is mounted in conventional IT products equipped with miniature digital cameras. 
     Auto focusing may be performed by measuring the displacement value in the optical-axis direction, i.e. the first direction, using an optical-axis displacement sensing means included in the lens moving apparatus and adjusting the distance between the image sensor and the lens using a control means based on the measured displacement value. 
     Meanwhile, in the case in which the lens moving apparatus includes an auto focusing means, the lens moving apparatus may become complicated due to the auto focusing means, or interference between the auto focusing means and other elements of the lens moving apparatus may occur. 
     DISCLOSURE 
     Technical Problem 
     Embodiments provide a lens moving apparatus that is capable of performing stable and accurate auto focusing. In addition, embodiments provide a lens moving apparatus including an auto focusing means having a structure that is simple and is capable of considerably reducing interference with other elements. 
     It should be noted that the objects of the disclosure are not limited to the objects mentioned above, and other unmentioned objects of the disclosure will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains from the following description. 
     Technical Solution 
     In one embodiment, a lens moving apparatus includes a bobbin having a first coil disposed on the outer circumferential surface thereof, a position sensor disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin, the position sensor being configured to move together with the bobbin, a first magnet disposed so as to be opposite the first coil, a housing configured to support the first magnet, upper and lower elastic members coupled to the bobbin and the housing, and a plurality of wires disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin for connecting at least one of the upper and lower elastic members to the position sensor. 
     In another embodiment, a lens moving apparatus includes a bobbin, a position sensor disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin, the position sensor being configured to move together with the bobbin, a plurality of wires disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin so as to be connected to the position sensor, a first coil disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin, on which the position sensor is disposed, a first magnet disposed so as to be opposite the first coil, a housing configured to support the first magnet, upper and lower elastic members coupled to the bobbin and the housing, and a printed circuit board connected to at least one of the upper and lower elastic members, wherein at least one of the upper and lower elastic members is divided into two or more parts, and the wires connect at least one of the divided upper and lower elastic members to the position sensor. 
     In a further embodiment, a lens moving apparatus includes a bobbin having a first coil installed at the outer circumferential surface thereof, a position sensor provided at the bobbin, a first magnet provided so as to be opposite the first coil and the position sensor, a housing configured to support the first magnet, and a conductive pattern formed on the bobbin by plating, the conductive pattern being connected to the position sensor. 
     Advantageous Effects 
     In embodiments, it is possible to perform stable and accurate auto focusing. 
     In addition, a position sensor provided at a bobbin is connected to an upper elastic member using a conductive pattern formed on the surface of the bobbin, whereby it is possible to simplify the structure of a lens moving apparatus. 
     In addition, since the conductive pattern formed on the surface of the bobbin is used, it is possible to more considerably reduce interference between elements constituting the lens moving apparatus than in the case in which an additional structure for connection or an electrical conduction member is used. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic perspective view of a lens moving apparatus according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  2    is an exploded perspective view of the lens moving apparatus shown in  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  3    is an assembled perspective view of the lens moving apparatus shown in  FIG.  1   , from which a cover member is removed; 
         FIG.  4    is a perspective view showing a bobbin of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  5    is a view of a position sensor mounted to the bobbin shown in  FIG.  4   ; 
         FIG.  6 A  is an upper perspective view of the bobbin, to which a first coil is mounted; 
         FIG.  6 B  is a lower perspective view of the bobbin, to which the first coil is mounted; 
         FIG.  7 A  is an enlarged view of a dotted portion shown in  FIG.  6 A  according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  7 B  is an enlarged view of the dotted portion shown in  FIG.  6 A  according to another embodiment; 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic exploded perspective view showing a housing, a first magnet, and a printed circuit board; 
         FIG.  9    is an assembled perspective view showing the housing, the first magnet, and the printed circuit board of  FIG.  8   ; 
         FIG.  10    is a plan view showing an upper elastic member of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  11    is a plan view showing a lower elastic member of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  12    is a view showing the connection between the printed circuit board and the upper elastic member and the connection between the first coil and the upper elastic member; 
         FIG.  13    is a view showing the connection between the lower elastic member and wires; 
         FIG.  14 A  is a view showing an embodiment of the disposition relationship between the first coil, the position sensor, and the first magnet; 
         FIG.  14 B  is a view showing the change in magnetic flux of a monopolar magnetized first magnet sensed by the position sensor in response to the movement of the bobbin of  FIG.  14 A ; 
         FIG.  15 A  is a view showing another embodiment of the disposition relationship between the first coil, the position sensor, and the first magnet; 
         FIG.  15 B  is a view showing the change in magnetic flux of a bipolar magnetized first magnet sensed by the position sensor in response to the movement of the bobbin of  FIG.  15 A ; 
         FIG.  16    is a graph showing an error of an AF position sensor, which is adjacent to an AF first coil; 
         FIG.  17    is a perspective view showing a lens moving apparatus according to another embodiment; 
         FIG.  18    is an exploded perspective view of the lens moving apparatus according to the another embodiment; 
         FIG.  19 A  is a side view showing a bobbin according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  19 B  is a side view showing the state in which a first magnet is disposed in  FIG.  19 A ; 
         FIG.  20    is a view showing the state in which a position sensor according to an embodiment is removed from  FIG.  19 A ; 
         FIG.  21    is a perspective view showing some elements of a lens moving apparatus according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  22 A  is a plan view of  FIG.  21   ; 
         FIG.  22 B  is a plan view of  FIG.  22 A , from which some elements are removed; 
         FIG.  23    is a view showing the disposition of a first magnet and a position sensor according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  24    is a view showing the disposition of a first magnet and a position sensor according to another embodiment; 
         FIG.  25    is a graph showing the relationship between the magnetic flux of the first magnet and the movement distance of the bobbin in a first direction; and 
         FIG.  26    is a graph showing the results of experimentation on the moving characteristics of a lens moving apparatus according to an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     BEST MODE 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description of the embodiments, it will be understood that, when a layer (film), region, pattern, or structure is referred to as being “on” or “under” another layer (film), region, pattern, or structure, it can be “directly” on or under the other layer (film), region, pattern, or structure or can be “indirectly” formed such that an intervening element is also present. In addition, terms such as “on” or “under” should be understood on the basis of the drawings. 
     In the drawings, the sizes of respective elements are exaggerated, omitted, or schematically illustrated for convenience and clarity of description. Further, the sizes of the respective elements do not denote the actual sizes thereof. In addition, wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. 
     Hereinafter, a lens moving apparatus according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. For the convenience of description, the lens moving apparatus according to the embodiment will be described using a Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z). However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. Other different coordinate systems may be used. In the drawings, an x axis and a y axis are directions perpendicular to a z axis, which is an optical-axis direction. The z-axis direction, which is the optical-axis direction, may be referred to as a ‘first direction’, the x-axis direction may be referred to as a ‘second direction’, and the y-axis direction may be referred to as a ‘third direction’. 
       FIG.  1    is a schematic perspective view of a lens moving apparatus  100  according to an embodiment, and  FIG.  2    is an exploded perspective view of the lens moving apparatus  100  shown in  FIG.  1   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , the lens moving apparatus  100  includes a cover member  300 , a bobbin  110 , at least one position sensor pad P1 to P4, a plurality of wires  501  to  504 , a first coil  120 , a first magnet  130 , a housing  140 , an upper elastic member  150 , a lower elastic member  160 , a position sensor  170 , a base  210 , and a printed circuit board  250 . 
     The bobbin  110 , the first coil  120 , the first magnet  130 , the housing  140 , the upper elastic member  150 , the lower elastic member  160 , and the position sensor  170  may constitute a moving unit. The moving unit may perform an auto focusing function. The ‘auto focusing function’ means a function of automatically focusing an image of a subject on the surface of an image sensor. 
     First, the cover member  300  will be described. 
     The cover member  300  receives the upper elastic member  150 , the bobbin  110 , the first coil  120 , the housing  140 , the position sensor  170 , the first magnet  130 , the lower elastic member  160 , and the printed circuit board  250  in a receiving space defined by the cover member  300  and the base  210 . 
     The cover member  300  may be formed in the shape of a box, the lower portion of which is open and which includes an upper end and sidewalls. The lower portion of the cover member  300  may be coupled to the upper portion of the base  210 . The upper end of the cover member  300  may be formed in a polygonal shape, such as a quadrangular or octagonal shape. 
     The cover member  300  may be provided in the upper end thereof with a hollow, through which a lens (not shown) coupled to the bobbin  110  is exposed to external light. In addition, a window, made of a light-transmissive material, may be further provided in the hollow of the cover member  300  in order to inhibit foreign matter, such as dust or moisture, from permeating into a camera module. 
     The cover member  300  may be made of a non-magnetic body, such as SUS, in order to inhibit the cover member from being attached to the first magnet  130 . Alternatively, the cover member  300  may be made of a magnetic body so as to perform a yoke function. 
     Next, the bobbin  110  will be described. 
       FIG.  3    is an assembled perspective view of the lens moving apparatus  100  shown in  FIG.  1   , from which the cover member  300  is removed,  FIG.  4    is a perspective view showing the bobbin  110  of  FIG.  1   ,  FIG.  5    is a view of the position sensor  170  mounted to the bobbin  110  shown in  FIG.  4   ,  FIG.  6 A  is an upper perspective view of the bobbin  110 , to which the first coil  120  is mounted, and  FIG.  6 B  is a lower perspective view of the bobbin  110 , to which the first coil  120  is mounted. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3  to  6 B , the bobbin  110  is disposed inside the housing  140 . The bobbin  110  may move in the optical-axis direction or in the first direction parallel to the optical-axis direction (e.g. the X-axis direction) as the result of electromagnetic interaction between the first coil  120  and the first magnet  130 . 
     Although not shown, the bobbin  110  may include a lens barrel (not shown), in which at least one lens is installed. The lens barrel may be coupled to the inside of the bobbin  110  in various manners. 
     The bobbin  110  may have a hollow, in which the lens or the lens barrel is mounted. The shape of the hollow of the bobbin  110  may conform to that of the lens or the lens barrel. For example, the hollow may be formed in a circular, oval, or polygonal shape. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The bobbin  110  may have at least one upper supporting protrusion  113  disposed on the upper surface thereof and at least one lower supporting protrusion  114  disposed on the lower surface thereof. 
     The upper supporting protrusion  113  and the lower supporting protrusion  114  may each be formed in a cylindrical shape or a prism shape. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The upper supporting protrusion  113  of the bobbin  110  may be coupled and fixed to an inner frame  151  of the upper elastic member  150 , and the lower supporting protrusion  114  of the bobbin  110  may be coupled and fixed to an inner frame  161  of the lower elastic member  160 . 
     The bobbin  110  may have an upper escape recess  112  provided in one region of the upper surface thereof corresponding to a connection portion  153  of the upper elastic member  150 . In addition, the bobbin  110  may have a lower escape recess  118  provided in one region of the lower surface thereof corresponding to a connection portion  163  of the lower elastic member  150 . 
     When the bobbin  110  moves in the first direction, spatial interference between the connection portions  153  and  163  of the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160  and the bobbin  110  may be eliminated due to the upper escape recess  112  and the lower escape recess  118  of the bobbin  110 , with the result that the connection portions  153  and  163  of the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160  may be more easily elastically deformed. 
     The upper and lower escape recesses  112  and  118  of the bobbin  110  may be disposed adjacent to the corners of the bobbin  110 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The upper and lower escape recesses may be disposed at the lateral surfaces of the bobbin  110  located between the corners of the bobbin  110  depending on the shape and/or position of the connection portions  153  and  163  of the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160 . 
     The bobbin  110  may be provided in the outer circumferential surface thereof with at least one coil location recess  116 , in which the first coil  120  is disposed or installed. The shape and number of coil location recesses  116  may correspond to the shape and number of first coils disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 . 
     For example, the location recess  116  of the bobbin  110  according to the embodiment may include a first location recess  116   a  and a second location recess  116   b , which is disposed under the first location recess  116   a . Between the first location recess  116   a  and the second location recess  116   b  may be disposed a protrusion  111  for separating the first location recess  116   a  and the second location recess  116   b  from each other. In another embodiment, the bobbin  110  may have no coil location recess, and the first coil  120  may be directly wound around and fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 . 
     The protrusion  111  of the bobbin  110  may stably fix or support the first coil  120  wound around the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 . 
     The protrusion  111  of the bobbin  110  may extend in the direction in which the protrusion of the bobbin rotates about the optical axis, and may have a predetermined width in the first direction. The protrusion  111  of the bobbin  110  may not be formed in the region of the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110  in which a position sensor receiving recess  513  (see  FIG.  4   ) is provided. 
     The protrusion  111  of the bobbin  110  may be formed in the shape of a ring, which is integrally formed with the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the protrusion  111  of the bobbin  110  may include a plurality of divided portions, which may be spaced apart from each other. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The bobbin  110  may be provided in the outer circumferential surface thereof with a position sensor receiving recess  513 , in which the position sensor  170  is disposed. 
     The position sensor receiving recess  513  may be recessed from the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110  by a predetermined depth. 
     At least a portion of the position sensor receiving recess  513  may be recessed further inward from the bobbin  110  by a predetermined depth than the location recess  116  of the bobbin  110  in order to inhibit interference between the position sensor  170 , which is mounted in the position sensor receiving recess  513 , and the first coil  120 , which is mounted in the location recess  116  in the bobbin  110 . 
     For example, the depth of the position sensor receiving recess  513  may be greater than or equal to at least the height of the position sensor  170  such that the position sensor  170 , which is received in the position sensor receiving recess  513 , does not protrude from the uppermost end of the location recess  116  in the bobbin  110 . 
     When the lens moving apparatus  100  further includes a position sensor magnet (not shown) in addition to the first magnet  130 , the position sensor receiving recess  513  may be disposed so as to correspond to or to be aligned with the position of the housing  140  at which the position sensor magnet (not shown) is mounted. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , the position sensor receiving recess  513  may include a bottom  513   a  and a sidewall  513   b.    
     The sidewall  513   b  of the position sensor receiving recess  513  may have therein an opening that communicates with one of the lower surface and the upper surface of the bobbin  110 . In  FIG.  4   , the sidewall  513   b  of the position sensor receiving recess  513  has therein an opening  119  that communicates with the lower surface of the bobbin  110 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the position sensor receiving recess  513  may be a recess having no opening. The opening  119  in the position sensor receiving recess  513  may serve as an entrance, through which the position sensor  170  is easily inserted into the position sensor receiving recess  513 . 
     An adhesive may be disposed between the position sensor receiving recess  513  and the position sensor  170 . The position sensor  170  may be fixed to the position sensor receiving recess  513  via the adhesive. 
     The at least one position sensor pad P1 to P4 is provided at least one of the bottom  513   a  and the sidewall  513   b  of the position sensor receiving recess  513 . 
     For example, the position sensor pads P1 to P4 may be disposed on the bottom  513   a  of the position sensor receiving recess  513  so as to be spaced apart from one another.  FIG.  4    shows four position sensor pads P1 to P4. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In the case in which the position sensor  170  is a structure including a Hall sensor and a driver, a total of six position sensor pads P1 to P4 may be disposed so as to be spaced apart from each other. 
     In  FIG.  4   , each of the position sensor pads P1 to P4 is disposed at one region of the bottom  513   a  of the position sensor receiving recess  513  that is adjacent to a corresponding one of the corners thereof. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the position sensor pads may be disposed at one side of the bottom between adjacent corners so as to be adjacent to each other, and each of the position sensor pads may correspond to or may be aligned with a corresponding one of first and second input pads IP1 and IP2 and first and second output pads OP1 and OP2 of the position sensor  170 . 
     The position sensor pads P1 to P4 may be connected to the position sensor  170  via the wires  501  to  504 . 
       FIG.  4    shows four position sensor pads P1 to P4 for (+) input, (−) input, (+) output, and (−) output of the position sensor  170 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. Each of the (+) input and the (−) input of the position sensor  170  may be input through a corresponding one of the first and second input pads IP1 and IP2 of the position sensor  170 , and each of the (+) output and the (−) output of the position sensor  170  may be output through a corresponding one of the first and second output pads OP1 and OP2. 
     Each of the wires  501  to  504  is disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 , and is connected to a corresponding one of the position sensor pads P1 to P4. 
     For example, the wires  501  to  504  may be provided on the lateral surface of the bobbin  110  that is opposite or adjacent to the printed circuit board  250 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the wires may be provided on the surface that is opposite the lateral surface that is opposite or adjacent to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     For example, one end of each of the wires  501  to  504  may be bonded to a corresponding one of the position sensor pads P1 to P4. 
     The bobbin  110  may be provided in the outer circumferential surface thereof with line grooves (e.g. L1 and L2), in which the wires  501  to  504  are disposed, the line grooves being spaced apart from each other. For example, one end of each of the first and second line grooves L1 and L2 may contact the upper sidewall of the position sensor receiving recess  513 , and the other end of each of the first and second line grooves L1 and L2 may contact the upper surface of the bobbin  110  or may extend to the upper surface of the bobbin  110 . 
     In addition, for example, one end of each of the third and fourth line grooves may contact the lower sidewall of the position sensor receiving recess  513 , and the other end of each of the third and fourth line grooves may contact the lower surface of the bobbin  110 , or may extend to the lower surface of the bobbin  110 . 
     Each of the wires  501  to  504  may be disposed in a corresponding one of the line grooves. For example, the wires  501  to  504  may be conductive materials that fill the line grooves, and the depth of the line grooves may be greater than or equal to at least the thickness of the wires  501  to  504  such that the wires  501  to  504  received in the line grooves do not protrude from the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 . In order to inhibit contact therebetween, the wires  501  to  504  and the first coil  120 , which are disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 , may be spaced apart from each other. 
     For connection with the upper or lower elastic member  150  and  160 , the other end of each of the wires  501  to  504  may extend to the upper surface or the lower surface of the bobbin  110 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  6 A , the other end of each of the first and second wires  501  and  502  may be disposed on the upper surface of the bobbin  110  so as to be spaced apart from each other. For example, the other end of each of the first and second wires  501  and  502  may extend to the upper surface of the bobbin  110 . 
     In addition, referring to  FIG.  6 B , the other end of each of the third and fourth wires  503  and  504  may be disposed on the lower surface of the bobbin  110  so as to be spaced apart from each other. For example, the other end of each of the third and fourth wires  503  and  504  may extend to the lower surface of the bobbin  110 . 
       FIG.  7 A  is an enlarged view of a dotted portion shown in  FIG.  6 A  according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7 A , the widths of the first and second wires  501  and  502 , which are located on the outer surface and the upper surface of the bobbin  110 , may be the same. In the same manner, the widths of the third and fourth wires  503  and  504 , which are located on the outer surface and the upper surface of the bobbin  110 , may be the same. 
     Ends  501   a  and  502   a  of the first and second wires  501  and  502  may be connected to one end of the inner frame  151  of the upper elastic member  150 , and ends  503   a  and  504   a  of the third and fourth wires  503  and  504  may be connected to one end of the inner frame  161  of the lower elastic member  160 . 
       FIG.  7 B  is an enlarged view of the dotted portion shown in  FIG.  6 A  according to another embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7 B , connection pads  501   b  and  502   b  may be provided at the other ends of the first and second wires  501  and  502 . 
     For example, a first connection pad  501   b , to which one end of the inner frame  151  of the divided first upper elastic member  150   a  is connected, may be provided at the other end of the first wire  501 , and a second connection pad  502   b , to which one end of the inner frame  151  of the divided second upper elastic member  150   b  is connected, may be provided at the other end of the second wire  502 . 
     The width W1 of each of the first and second connection pads  501   b  and  502   b  of the first and second wires  501  and  502  may be greater than the width W2 of the remaining portions of the first and second wires  501  and  502 . 
     In addition, connection pads may be provided at the other ends of the third and fourth wires  503  and  504 . 
     For example, a third connection pad, to which one end of the inner frame  161  of the divided first lower elastic member  160   a  is connected, may be provided at the other end of the third wire  503 , and a fourth connection pad, to which one end of the inner frame  161  of the divided second lower elastic member  160   b  is connected, may be provided at the other end of the fourth wire  504 . 
     The width of each of the third and fourth connection pads of the third and fourth wires  503  and  504  may be greater than the width W2 of the remaining portions of the third and fourth wires  503  and  504 . 
     As the width W1 of the first to fourth connection pads of the first to fourth wires  501  to  504  is increased, the first to fourth connection pads may be easily connected or bonded to corresponding ends of the inner frames  151  and  161  of the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160 . In addition, as the contact area between the first to fourth wires  501  to  504  and the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160  is increased, contact resistance therebetween may be reduced. 
     In another embodiment, the wires  501  to  504  may be covered or sealed with an insulation material, an insulation layer, or an insulation film in order to inhibit the connection with the first coil  120 . 
     Next, the position sensor  170  will be described. 
     The position sensor  170  may be disposed at, coupled to, or mounted on the bobbin  110  so as to be movable together with the bobbin  110 . 
     When the bobbin  110  moves in the first direction, which is parallel to the optical axis, the position sensor  170  may move together with the bobbin  110 . In addition, the position sensor  170  may sense the intensity of a magnetic field emitted by the first magnet  130  in response to the movement of the bobbin  110 , and may output a feedback signal based on the sensed result. The displacement of the bobbin  110  in the first direction may be adjusted based on the feedback signal. 
     As previously described, the position sensor  170  may be connected to the position sensor pads P1 to P4. The position sensor  170  may be constituted by a Hall sensor alone or by a driver including a Hall sensor, which, however, is illustrative. Any sensor capable of sensing a position, in addition to the magnetic field, may be used. For example, the position sensor may be constituted by a photoreflector. 
     For example, in the case in which the position sensor  170  is constituted by a Hall sensor alone, the position sensor  170  may need four terminals or pads (e.g. IP1, IP2, OP1, and OP2; see  FIG.  4   ) for (+) input, (−) input, (+) output, and (−) output. 
       FIGS.  4  and  5    show an example in which the position sensor  170  is constituted by a Hall sensor alone. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In another embodiment in which the position sensor  170  is constituted by a Hall sensor and a driver for I2C communication, the position sensor  170  may receive data from the Hall sensor, and may perform data communication, e.g. I2C communication, with an external controller using some protocol. In addition, in the case in which the position sensor  170  is constituted by a Hall sensor and a driver for I2C communication, the position sensor  170  may require a total of six terminals or pads. The terminals required by the position sensor  170  may be four terminals assigned to a first power VCC, a second power GND, a synchronization clock signal SCL, and data bit information SDA, and two terminals assigned to two powers VCM+ and VCM− that are necessary to supply current to the first coil  120 . In addition, the position sensor  170  may further include test terminals for testing. 
     The position sensor  170  may be disposed at, coupled to, or mounted on the bobbin  110  in various manners. 
     For example, the position sensor  170  may be disposed in the position sensor receiving recess  513 , which is formed in the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 , and may be connected to the position sensor pads P1 to P4. 
     The position sensor  170  may be connected to at least one of the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160  via the wires  501  to  504 , which are connected to the position sensor pads P1 to P4. For example, the position sensor  170  may be connected to the divided first and second upper elastic members  150   a  and  150   b  and the divided first and second lower elastic members  160   a  and  160   b  via the wires  501  to  504 , which are connected to the position sensor pads P1 to P4. 
     As the position sensor  170  moves in the first direction together with the bobbin  110 , the position sensor  170  may sense the change of magnetic force emitted by the first magnet  130 . Alternatively, in an embodiment in which an additional position sensor magnet is further provided in the housing  140 , the position sensor  170  may be disposed opposite the position sensor magnet, and may sense the change of magnetic force emitted by the position sensor magnet. 
     In another embodiment, the position sensor  170  may be disposed inside the base  210  at the lateral surface thereof. In this case, the position sensor  170  may be coupled to the base  210 , since the lower portion of the printed circuit board  250  is coupled to the base  210 . 
     In this case, the position sensor magnet may be disposed at the bobbin  110 , which is included in the moving unit so as to be movable in the first direction, since the position sensor  170  does not move in the first direction. 
     In addition, the base  210  may be provided with a hole or a recess, in which the position sensor  170  is located, such that the position sensor  170  is disposed inside the base  210  at the lateral surface thereof. 
     Next, the first coil  120  will be described. 
     The first coil  120  is disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 , to which the position sensor  170  is mounted, and electromagnetically interacts with the first magnet  130 , which is disposed in the housing  140 . 
     For example, the first coil  120  may be disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 , at which the position sensor  170  is disposed in the position sensor receiving recess  113 . 
     The bobbin  110  may move in the first direction as the result of the electromagnetic interaction between the first coil  120  and the first magnet  120 , and may be elastically supported by the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160 , thereby performing an auto focusing function. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  6 A and  6 B , the first coil  120  may be wound around the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110  so as to rotate about the optical axis in the clockwise direction or in the counterclockwise direction. 
     In order to increase the magnitude of electromagnetic force between the first coil  120  and the first magnet  130 , the first coil  120  may include two coil blocks  120   a  and  120   b  that rotate about the optical axis in the clockwise direction or in the counterclockwise direction. The effect of the electromagnetic force generated by the first coil  120  may be minimized by the first coil block  120   a  and the second coil block  120   b , which are arranged in that order from top and bottom. 
     For example, the first coil block  120   a  and the second coil block  120   b  may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction, and the protrusion  111  of the bobbin  110  may be disposed between the first coil block  120   a  and the second coil block  120   b . The first coil block  120   a  and the second coil block  120   b  may be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance by the protrusion  111  of the bobbin  110 . 
     In another embodiment, the first coil  120  may be formed in the shape of a coil ring that is wound about an axis that is perpendicular to the optical axis in the clockwise direction or in the counterclockwise direction. The number of coil rings may be equal to the number of first magnets  130 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The first coil  120  may be connected to at least one of the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  150 . 
     Next, the housing  140  will be described. 
     The housing  140  supports the first magnet  130 , and receives the bobbin  110  therein such that the bobbin  110  is movable in the first direction, which is parallel to the optical axis. 
     The housing  140  may be generally formed in a hollow column shape. For example, the housing  140  may have a polygonal (e.g. quadrangular or octagonal) or circular hollow therein. 
       FIG.  8    is a schematic exploded perspective view showing the housing  140 , the first magnet  130 , and the printed circuit board  250 , and  FIG.  9    is an assembled perspective view showing the housing  140 , the first magnet  130 , and the printed circuit board  250  of  FIG.  8   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  8  and  9   , the housing  140  supports the first magnet  130  and the printed circuit board  250 . In an embodiment in which a position sensor magnet is further provided, the housing  140  may support the position sensor magnet. 
     The housing  140  may include four edges  140   a  to  140   d.    
     The first magnet  130  may be disposed at least one of the four edges  140   a  to  140   d . For example, at least one of the four edges  140   a  to  140   d  may be provided with a first magnet recess  141   a ,  141   a ′,  141   b , and  141   b ′, in which the first magnet  130  is located, disposed, or fixed. 
     In an embodiment in which a position sensor magnet is further provided, at least one of the four edges  140   a  to  140   d  may be further provided with a recess, in which the position sensor magnet is inserted, disposed, fixed, or located. 
     In  FIG.  8   , each of the first magnet recesses  141   a ,  141   a ′,  141   b , and  141   b ′ is formed in the shape of a through-hole. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. each of the first magnet recess may be formed in the shape of a blind hole. 
       FIG.  8    shows four first magnet recesses  141   a ,  141   a ′,  141   b , and  141   b ′, which correspond to four first magnets  130   a  to  130   d . However, the number of first magnets  130  and first magnet recesses is not limited thereto. 
     The housing  140  may have a plurality of first stoppers  143  protruding from the upper surface thereof. The first stoppers  143  of the housing  140  are provided to inhibit collisions between the cover member  300  and the housing  140 . When an external impact is applied, the first stoppers may inhibit direct collision between the upper surface of the housing  140  and the upper inner surface of the cover member  300 . 
     In addition, the housing  140  may be provided on the upper surface thereof with a plurality of upper frame supporting protrusions  144 , to which an outer frame  152  of the upper elastic member  150  is coupled. 
     In addition, the housing  140  may be provided on the lower surface thereof with a plurality of lower frame supporting protrusions  147 , to which an outer frame  162  of the lower elastic member  160  is coupled. 
     In addition, the housing  140  may be provided in the corners thereof with lower guide recesses  148 , into which guide members  216  of the base  210  are inserted, fastened, or coupled. When the housing  140  is located or disposed on the base  210 , the coupling position of the housing  140  on the base  210  may be guided by the guide members  216  of the base  210  and the lower guide recesses  148 . In addition, the housing may be inhibited from deviating from the reference position thereof due to vibration during the operation of the lens moving apparatus  100  or due to a worker&#39;s error during the coupling of the lens moving apparatus. 
     Next, the first magnet  130  will be described. 
     The first magnet  130  is disposed at the housing  140  so as to correspond to the first coil  120 . 
     For example, the first magnet  130  may be disposed in the first magnet recesses  141   a ,  141   a ′,  141   b , and  141   b ′ in the housing  140  so as to overlap the first coil  120  in a direction that is perpendicular to the optical axis. 
     In another embodiment, no first magnet recesses may be formed in the edges  140   a  to  140   d  of the housing  140 , and the first magnet  130  may be disposed outside or inside the edges  140   a  to  140   d  of the housing  140 . 
     The first magnet  130  may have a shape corresponding to the edges  140   a  to  140   d  of the housing  140 , such as a rectangular cube shape. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The first magnet  130  may be configured as a single body, and may be a monopolar magnetized first magnet or a bipolar magnetized first magnet configured such that the surface of the first magnet that faces the first coil  120  has an S pole and the outer surface of the first magnet has an N pole. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The polarity of the first magnet may be reversed. 
     In the case in which the first magnet  130  is a bipolar magnetized first magnet, the first coil  120  may be wound in reverse directions so as to correspond to the respective poles of the first magnet. The first coil  120  may be inserted into the location recess  116  in the bobbin  110  in a wound state, or may be directly wound around the bobbin  110 . 
     In addition, an additional location recess  116  for changing the winding direction may be provided in the bobbin  110 , and the protrusion  111  of the bobbin  110  may be disposed between the coil blocks  120   a  and  120   b.    
     The center of the position sensor  170  may be aligned with the center of the distance between the coil blocks  120   a  and  120   b . For example, the center of the position sensor  170  may be aligned with the protrusion  111  of the bobbin  110  disposed between the coil blocks  120   a  and  120   b . The distance between the coil blocks  120   a  and  120   b  may be easily changed by the movement distance of the moving unit and a non-magnetic partition wall  530  of the first magnet  130 . 
     In this embodiment, the number of first magnets  130  is four. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The number of first magnets  130  may be at least two. The surface of the first magnet  140  that faces the first coil  120  may be flat. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The surface of the first magnet that faces the first coil may be curved. 
     As shown in  FIG.  6 A , the first coil  120  and the position sensor  170  may be disposed so as to overlap each other in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In another embodiment, the first coil  120  may be disposed at the lower side of the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 , the position sensor  170  may be disposed at the upper side of the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 , which is above the first coil  120 , and the first coil  120  and the position sensor  170  may not overlap each other in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. 
     For example, the center of the position sensor  170  may not overlap the first coil  120  in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. 
     In addition, when the bobbin  110  moves in the first direction, which is parallel to the optical axis, the position relationship between the position sensor  170  and the first magnet  130  may be as follows, such that the position sensor  170  senses the period in which the intensity of the magnetic field emitted by the first magnet  130  is linearly changed. 
       FIG.  14 A  is a view showing an embodiment of the disposition relationship between the first coil  120 , the position sensor  170 , and the first magnet  130 , and  FIG.  14 B  is a view showing the change in magnetic flux of a monopolar magnetized first magnet sensed by the position sensor  170  in response to the movement of the bobbin  110  of  FIG.  14 A . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  14 A and  14 B , the first coil  120  may be disposed at the lower side of the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 , and the position sensor  170  may be disposed at the upper side of the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110  so as to be spaced apart from the first coil  120 . The first magnet  130  may be disposed so as to overlap the first coil  120  along the optical axis or in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. The first magnet  130  may be a monopolar magnetized first magnet that has different polarities at the inside and the outside thereof. 
     For example, the interface between the S pole and the N pole of the first magnet  130  may be parallel to a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the first magnet  130  and the first coil  120  are opposite each other. The first magnet  120  may be disposed such that the surface of the first magnet that faces the first coil  120  has an S pole and the opposite surface of the first magnet has an N pole. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The polarity of the magnet  130  may be reversed. 
     In the initial position, the position sensor  170  may overlap at least a portion of the first magnet  130  in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. For example, at the initial position, the center  171  of the position sensor  170  may extend through the upper end of the first magnet  130 , and may be aligned with a first horizontal reference line  601 , which is perpendicular to the optical axis. The initial position may be the first position of the moving unit (e.g. the bobbin  110 ) in the state in which power is not supplied to the first coil  120  or a position at which the moving part is placed as the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  150  are elastically deformed only by the weight of the moving unit. 
     When the center  171  of the position sensor  170  is aligned with the first horizontal reference line  601  at the initial position, the position sensor  170  may sense a period LP1 of the magnetic flux, which is linearly changed. In addition, it can be seen that the center  171  of the position sensor  170  must be aligned so as not to deviate upward or downward from the first horizontal reference line  601  by more than 0.05 mm (G1; see  FIG.  14 A ) in order to sense the period of the magnetic flux that is linearly changed. 
       FIG.  15 A  is a view showing another embodiment of the disposition relationship between the first coil  120 , the position sensor  170 , and the first magnet  130 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  15 A , the first magnet  130  may be a bipolar magnetized first magnet that has different polarities at the upper side and the lower side thereof. The first magnet  130  may be generally classified as a ferrite magnet, an alnico magnet, or a rare-earth magnet. The first magnet  130  may be classified as a P-type magnet or an F-type magnet based on the type of magnetic circuit. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The first magnet  130  may include a first sensing magnet  510 , a second sensing magnet  520 , and a non-magnetic partition wall  530 . 
     The first sensing magnet  510  and the second sensing magnet  520  may be spaced apart from each other so as to face each other in a direction that is parallel to the optical axis, and the non-magnetic partition wall  530  may be disposed between the first sensing magnet  510  and the second sensing magnet  520 . 
     In another embodiment, the first sensing magnet and the second sensing magnet may be spaced apart from each other so as to face each other in a direction that is perpendicular to the optical axis, and the non-magnetic partition wall may be disposed therebetween. 
     The non-magnetic partition wall  530 , which is a portion that has substantially no magnetism, may include a section having weak polarity. In addition, the non-magnetic partition wall  530  may be filled with air, or may include a non-magnetic material. 
     At the initial position, the center  171  of the position sensor  170  may be aligned between the first sensing magnet  510  and the second sensing magnet  520  of the bipolar magnetized first magnet. 
     At the initial position, the center  171  of the position sensor  170  may be aligned with the non-magnetic partition wall  530  of the bipolar magnetized first magnet. For example, at the initial position, the center  171  of the position sensor  170  may be aligned with the non-magnetic partition wall  530 , and may be aligned with a second horizontal reference line  602 , which is perpendicular to the first magnet. 
       FIG.  15 B  is a view showing the change in magnetic flux of a bipolar magnetized first magnet sensed by the position sensor  170  in response to the movement of the bobbin  110  of  FIG.  15 A . 
     Referring to  FIG.  15 B , when the center  171  of the position sensor  170  is aligned with the second horizontal reference line  602  at the initial position, the position sensor  170  may sense a period LP2 of the magnetic flux that is linearly changed. In addition, it can be seen that the center  171  of the position sensor  170  must be aligned so as not to deviate upward or downward from the second horizontal reference line  602  by more than 0.05 mm in order to sense the period of the magnetic flux that is linearly changed. 
     In the case in which the first magnet  130  is commonly used for the position sensor  170  and the first coil  120 , as in this embodiment, the position sensor  170  may be disposed so as to be adjacent to the first coil or to overlap the first coil  120  in the direction that is perpendicular to the optical axis. In this case, the position sensor  170  may be affected by the magnetic field of the first coil  120  in a high-frequency range, whereby the position sensor  170  may malfunction. 
       FIG.  16    is a graph showing an error of an AF position sensor, which is adjacent to an AF first coil. g3 indicates the gain of the AF position sensor in the normal state thereof, and g4 indicates the gain of the AF position sensor when the AF position sensor is affected by the magnetic field of the first coil  120 . The AF position sensor may be a Hall sensor. 
     Referring to  FIG.  16   , in a high-frequency range, e.g. in a range of 2 kHz or higher, the difference in gain between g4 and g3 is great ( 950 ). As a result, the gain of the AF position sensor may be erroneous in the high-frequency range. 
     In another embodiment, a first magnet for sensing only the position sensor  170  may be further provided to inhibit the position sensor  170  from being erroneous or malfunctioning due to the magnetic field of the first coil  120  in the high-frequency range, in addition to the first magnet for moving. The reason for this is that, in the case in which the first magnet for sensing is mounted to the housing  140 , the distance between the first coil  120  and the position sensor  170  may be increased, whereby the effect of the magnetic field of the first coil  120  acting on the position sensor may be reduced. In addition, the first magnet for sensing and the first magnet for moving may be optimally disposed at the housing  140 , and the electromagnetic force between the first coil  120  and the first magnet may be increased, whereby the amount of current necessary to move the moving unit may be reduced and the stiffness of the upper and lower elastic members may be increased. 
     Next, the upper elastic member  150  and the lower elastic member will be described. 
     The upper elastic member  150  and the lower elastic member  160  are coupled to the bobbin  110  and the housing  140 , and flexibly support the bobbin  110 . In addition, at least one of the upper elastic member  150  and the lower elastic member  160  may be connected to the wires. 
     For example, at least one of the upper elastic member  150  and the lower elastic member  160  may be divided into two or more parts. The wires (e.g.  501  to  504 ) may connect at least one of the divided upper elastic members  150  and the divided lower elastic members  160  to the position sensor  170 . 
       FIG.  10    is a plan view showing the upper elastic member  150  of  FIG.  1   , and  FIG.  11    is a plan view showing the lower elastic member  160  of  FIG.  1   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  10  and  11   , one of the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160  may be divided into four or more parts, and the other may be divided into two or more parts. The wires  501  to  504  may be connected to corresponding ones of the divided upper and lower elastic members. 
     For example, the upper elastic member  150  may include first to fourth upper elastic members  150   a  to  150   d , which are electrically separated from each other, and the lower elastic member  160  may include first and second lower elastic members  160   a  and  160   b , which are electrically separated from each other. The upper elastic member  150  and the lower elastic member  160  may each be constituted by a leaf spring. 
     Each of the first to fourth upper elastic members  150   a  to  150   d  may include an inner frame  151  coupled to the bobbin  110 , an outer frame  152  coupled to the housing  140 , and a connection portion  153  for connecting the inner frame  151  and the outer frame  152  to each other. 
     Each of the first and second lower elastic members  160   a  and  160   b  may include an inner frame  161  coupled to the bobbin  110 , an outer frame  162  coupled to the housing  140 , and a connection portion  163  for connecting the inner frame  161  and the outer frame  162  to each other. 
     The connection portions  153  and  163  of the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160  may be bent at least once to form a predetermined pattern. The upward and/or downward movement of the bobbin  110  in the first direction may be flexibly (or elastically) supported through the positional change and micro-scale deformation of the connection portions  153  and  163 . 
     The inner frame  151  of the first upper elastic member  150   a  may be provided with a connection portion R1 that is connected to the other end of the first wire  501 , and the inner frame  151  of the second upper elastic member  150   b  may be provided with a connection portion R2 that is connected to the other end of the second wire  502 . 
     The outer frame  152  of the first upper elastic member  150   a  may be provided with a connection portion Q1 that is connected to the printed circuit board  250 , and the outer frame  152  of the second upper elastic member  150   b  may be provided with a connection portion Q2 that is connected to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     The inner frame  151  of the third upper elastic member  150   c  may be provided with a connection portion R3 that is connected to one end of the first coil  120  (e.g. the start portion of the first coil  120 ), and the inner frame  151  of the fourth upper elastic member  150   d  may be provided with a connection portion R4 that is connected to the other end of the first coil  120  (e.g. the end portion of the first coil  120 ). 
     The outer frame  152  of the third upper elastic member  150   c  may be provided with a connection portion Q3 that is connected to the printed circuit board  250 , and the outer frame  152  of the fourth upper elastic member  150   d  may be provided with a connection portion Q4 that is connected to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     For example, each of the connection portions Q3 and Q4 of the third and fourth upper elastic members  150   c  and  150   d  may be one end of the outer frame  152  that extends in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and may be connected to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     The inner frame  161  of the first lower elastic member  160   a  may be provided with a connection portion T1 that is connected to the other end of the third wire  503 , and the inner frame  161  of the second lower elastic member  160   b  may be provided with a connection portion T2 that is connected to the other end of the fourth wire  504 . 
     The outer frame  152  of the first lower elastic member  160   a  may be provided with a connection portion S1 that is connected to the printed circuit board  250 , and the outer frame  152  of the second lower elastic member  160   b  may be provided with a connection portion S2 that is connected to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     Bonding between the printed circuit board  250  and the connection portions Q1 to Q4, S1, and S2, between the first to fourth wires  501  to  504  and the connection portions R1, R2, T1, and T2, and between the first coil  120  and the connection portions R3 and R4 may be achieved by thermal fusion and/or using an adhesive. 
     The first to fourth upper elastic members  150   a  to  150   d  may have a plurality of first through-holes  151   a , which are formed in the inner frames  151  and coupled to the upper supporting protrusions  113  of the bobbin  110 , and a plurality of second through-holes  152   a , which are formed in the outer frames  152  and coupled to the upper frame supporting protrusions  144  of the housing  140 . 
     The first and second lower elastic members  160   a  and  160   b  may have a plurality of third through-holes  161   a , which are formed in the inner frames  151  and coupled to the lower supporting protrusions  114  of the bobbin  110 , and a plurality of fourth through-holes  162   a , which are formed in the outer frames  152  and coupled to the lower frame supporting protrusions  147  of the housing  140 . 
     Bonding between the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160  and the bobbin  110  and between the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160  and the housing  140  may be achieved by thermal fusion and/or using an adhesive. 
     Next, the printed circuit board  250  will be described. 
     The printed circuit board  250  may be disposed at, coupled to, or mounted to the housing  140 , and may be connected to at least one of the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160 . The printed circuit board  250  may be a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB). 
     For example, the printed circuit board  250  may be fixed to, supported by, or disposed at one of the four edges  140   a  to  140   d  of the housing  140 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The printed circuit board  250  may have a plurality of terminals  171 , and may transmit an electrical signal, received from the outside, to the first coil  120  and the position sensor  170 . 
     For example, the printed circuit board  250  may include two terminals for supplying (+) power and (−) power to the first coil  120  and four terminals for (+) input, (−) input, (+) output, and (−) output of the position sensor  170 . 
     A controller (not shown) for readjusting the amount of current to be supplied to the first coil  120  based on a displacement value sensed by the position sensor  170  may be mounted on the printed circuit board  250 . 
     In another embodiment, the controller (not shown) may not be mounted on the printed circuit board  250  but may be mounted on an additional board that is connected to the printed circuit board  250 . The additional board may be a board on which the image sensor of the camera module is mounted or another additional board. 
       FIG.  12    is a view showing the connection between the printed circuit board  120  and the upper elastic member  150  and the connection between the first coil  120  and the upper elastic member. 
     Referring to  FIG.  12   , the connection portion R1 of the inner frame  151  of the first upper elastic member  150   a  may be connected ( 256   a ) to the other end of the first wire  501  (e.g. the first connection pad  501   b ), and the connection portion Q1 of the outer frame  152  of the first upper elastic member  150   a  may be connected ( 258   b ) to the first terminal of the printed circuit board  250 . 
     The connection portion R2 of the inner frame  151  of the second upper elastic member  150   b  may be connected ( 257   a ) to the other end of the second wire  502  (e.g. the first connection pad  502   b ), and the connection portion Q2 of the outer frame  152  of the second upper elastic member  150   b  may be connected ( 259   b ) to the second terminal of the printed circuit board  250 . 
     The connection portion R3 of the inner frame  151  of the third upper elastic member  150   c  may be connected ( 255   a ) to one end of the first coil  120 , and the connection portion Q3 of the outer frame  152  of the third upper elastic member  150   c  may be connected ( 258   a ) to the third terminal of the printed circuit board  250 . 
     The connection portion R4 of the inner frame  151  of the fourth upper elastic member  150   d  may be connected ( 255   b ) to the other end of the first coil  120 , and the connection portion Q4 of the outer frame  152  of the fourth upper elastic member  150   d  may be connected ( 259   a ) to the fourth terminal of the printed circuit board  250 . 
       FIG.  13    is a view showing the connection between the lower elastic member  160  and the wires  503  and  504 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  13   , the connection portion T1 of the inner frame  161  of the first lower elastic member  160   a  may be connected ( 256   b ) to the other end of the third wire  503  (e.g. the third connection pad), and the connection portion S1 of the outer frame  152  of the first lower elastic member  160   a  may be connected (not shown) to the third terminal of the printed circuit board  250 . 
     The connection portion T2 of the inner frame  161  of the second lower elastic member  160   b  may be connected ( 257   b ) to the other end of the fourth wire  504  (e.g. the fourth connection pad), and the connection portion S2 of the outer frame  152  of the second lower elastic member  160   b  may be connected (not shown) to the fourth terminal of the printed circuit board  250 . 
     (+) power and (−) power, supplied to the printed circuit board  250 , may be supplied to the first coil  120  via the connections  258   a ,  255   a ,  259   a , and  255   b  between the connection portions Q3, R3, Q4, and R4 of the third and fourth upper elastic members  150   c  and  150   d  and the first coil  120 . 
     Electrical signals (e.g. a (+) input signal, a (−) input signal, a (+) output signal, and a (−) output signal) may be transmitted and received between the position sensor  170  and the printed circuit board  250  via the connections  256   a ,  257   a ,  256   b , and  257   b  between the first to fourth wires  501  to  504  and the connection portions R1, R2, T1, and T2 of the first and second upper elastic members  150   a  and  150   b , the connections  258   b  and  259   b  between the connection portions Q1 and Q2 of the first and second upper elastic members  150   a  and  150   b  and the printed circuit board  250 , and the connections (not shown) between the connection portions S1 and S2 of the first and second lower elastic members  160   a  and  160   b  and the printed circuit board  250 . 
     In  FIGS.  12  and  13   , four electrical signals of the position sensor  170  are transmitted via the two upper elastic members  150   a  and  150   b , among the four divided upper elastic members  150   a  to  150   d , and the two divided lower elastic members  160   a  and  160   b , and (+) power and (−) power may be supplied from the printed circuit board  250  to the first coil  120  via the other two upper elastic members  150   c  and  150   d . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In another embodiment, four electrical signals of the position sensor  170  may be transmitted via the four divided upper elastic members  150   a  to  150   d , and (+) power and (−) power may be supplied from the printed circuit board  250  to the first coil  120  via the two divided lower elastic members  160   a  and  160   b . To this end, one end of each of the four wires  501  to  504  may be connected to a corresponding one of the position sensor pads P1 to P4, and the other end thereof may extend to the upper surface of the bobbin  110 . 
     In  FIGS.  12  and  13   , the upper elastic member  150  is divided into four parts, and the lower elastic member  160  is divided into two parts. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     For example, in another embodiment, the upper elastic member  150  may be divided into two parts, and the lower elastic member  160  may be divided into four parts. Four electrical signals of the position sensor  170  are transmitted via the two lower elastic members, among the four divided lower elastic members, and the two divided upper elastic members, and (+) power and (−) power may be supplied from the printed circuit board  250  to the first coil  120  via the other two lower elastic members. 
     In addition, in another embodiment, four electrical signals of the position sensor  170  may be transmitted via the four divided lower elastic members, and (+) power and (−) power may be supplied from the printed circuit board  250  to the first coil  120  via the two divided upper elastic members. To this end, one end of each of the four wires  501  to  504  may be connected to a corresponding one of the position sensor pads P1 to P4, and the other end thereof may extend to the lower surface of the bobbin  110 . 
     In addition, in another embodiment, one of the upper elastic member  150  and the lower elastic member  160  may be divided into a plurality of parts, and the other may not be divided. The wires  501  to  504  and the first coil  120  may be connected to the divided upper elastic members or the divided lower elastic members. 
     In  FIGS.  12  and  13   , the position sensor  170  is constituted by a Hall sensor alone. Alternatively, in the case in which the position sensor  170  is a structure including a Hall sensor and a driver, the following embodiments may be realized. 
     In the case in which the position sensor  170  is a structure including a Hall sensor and a driver, the number of wires may be six or more, and each of the six wires may be connected to a corresponding one of the six position sensor pads. Each of the first to fourth wires, among the six wires, may be connected to the inner frame of a corresponding one of the four divided upper elastic members  150   a  to  150   d . Each of the fifth and sixth wires, among the six wires, may be connected to the inner frame of a corresponding one of the two divided lower elastic members  160   a  and  160   b , or may be directly connected to one end or the other end of the first coil  120 . 
     The outer frame of at least one of the four divided upper elastic members and the two divided lower elastic members may be connected to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     In addition, in another embodiment, the lower elastic member  160  may be divided into four parts, and the upper elastic member  150  may be divided into two parts. Each of the first to fourth wires, among the six wires, may be connected to the inner frame of a corresponding one of the four divided lower elastic members. Each of the fifth and sixth wires, among the six wires, may be connected to the inner frame of a corresponding one of the two divided upper elastic members, or may be directly connected to one end or the other end of the first coil  120 . 
     The outer frame of at least one of the two divided upper elastic members and the four divided lower elastic members may be connected to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     The first power VCC, the second power GND, the synchronization clock signal SCL, and the data bit information SDA of the position sensor  170  may be transmitted via the first to fourth wires, and the powers VCM+ and VCM− may be supplied via the other wires, i.e. the fifth and sixth wires. 
     In addition, in another embodiment, three selected from among the first power VCC, the second power GND, the synchronization clock signal SCL, and the data bit information SDA may be transmitted via the first to third wires, and the other may be transmitted via one of the fifth and sixth wires. In addition, one of the powers VCM+ and VCM− may be supplied via the fourth wire, and the other of the powers VCM+ and VCM− may be supplied via the other of the fifth and sixth wires. 
     In the case in which the position sensor is further provided with test terminals, the lens moving apparatus may further include a number of wires corresponding to the number of test terminals. Each of the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160  may be divided into four or more parts. Each of the added wires may be connected to the inner frame of a corresponding one of the divided upper and lower elastic members, and the outer frame of at least one of the divided upper and lower elastic members may be connected to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     Next, the base  210  will be described. 
     The base  210  may be coupled to the cover member  300  to define a space for receiving the bobbin  110  and the housing  140 . The base  310  may have a hollow corresponding to the hollow of the bobbin  110  and/or the hollow of the housing  140 , and may be formed in a shape coinciding with or corresponding to the shape of the cover member  300 , such as a quadrangular shape. 
     The base  210  may have a stair  211  (see  FIG.  3   ), on which an adhesive is coated to fix the cover member  300  using the adhesive. The stair  211  may guide the cover member  300 , which is coupled to the upper side thereof, and the distal end of the cover member  300  may be coupled to the stair  211  so as to be in surface contact therewith. 
     The base  210  may include guide members  216  protruding upward perpendicularly from the four corners thereof by a predetermined height. Each of the guide members  216  may be formed in the shape of a multi-angular prism. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The guide members  216  may be inserted, fastened, or coupled into the lower guide recesses  148  in the housing  140 . 
     As current is supplied to the first coil  120 , the moving unit (e.g. the bobbin) of the lens moving apparatus  100  may move in one direction of the optical axis, i.e. in the positive z-axis direction. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In another embodiment, as current is supplied to the first coil  120 , the moving unit of the lens moving apparatus  100  may move in both directions of the optical axis, i.e. in the positive z-axis direction and the negative z-axis direction, from the initial position, in order to easily calibrate the Hall sensor and to reduce the amount of current that is consumed. At the initial position, the moving unit may be floated by the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160 . For example, the maximum movement distance of the moving unit in the positive z-axis direction from the initial position may be greater than the maximum movement distance of the moving unit in the negative z-axis direction from the initial position. 
     In this embodiment, the position sensor receiving recess  513 , in which the position sensor  170  is located, is provided in the bobbin  110 . When current is supplied to the first coil  120 , therefore, the bobbin  110  and the position sensor  170  may be stably movable together, thereby performing stable and accurate auto focusing. 
     In addition, in this embodiment, the wires  501  and  504 , which connect the position sensor  170  and the printed circuit board  250  to each other and via which the transmission of data signals between the position sensor  170  and the printed circuit board  250  is possible, are provided at the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 , thereby achieving easy connection and performing stable and accurate auto focusing through accurate data transmission. 
       FIG.  17    is a perspective view showing a lens moving apparatus according to another embodiment.  FIG.  18    is an exploded perspective view of the lens moving apparatus according to the another embodiment. 
     An optical image stabilization device used in a small-sized camera module mounted in a mobile device, such as a smartphone or a tablet PC, is a device configured to inhibit the outline of a captured still image from being blurred due to vibration caused by the shaking of a user&#39;s hand when the image is captured. 
     In addition, an auto focusing device is a device for automatically focusing an image of a subject on the surface of an image sensor. The optical image stabilization device and the auto focusing device may be configured in various manners. In this embodiment, an optical module including a plurality of lenses may be moved in the first direction or in a direction perpendicular to the first direction in order to perform optical image stabilization and/or auto focusing. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  17  and  18   , the lens moving apparatus according to the embodiment may include a moving unit. The moving unit may perform auto focusing and optical image stabilization. The moving unit may include a bobbin  110 , a first coil  120 , a first magnet  130 , a housing  140 , an upper elastic member  150 , a lower elastic member  160 , and a position sensor  170 . 
     The bobbin  110  may be provided inside the housing  300 . The first coil  120 , which is disposed inside the first magnet  130 , may be provided on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 . The bobbin  110  may be installed in the housing  140  so as to reciprocate in the first direction as the result of the electromagnetic interaction between the first magnet  130  and the first coil  120 . 
     The first coil  120  may be installed on the outer circumferential surface of the bobbin  110  so as to electromagnetically interaction with the first magnet  130 . For electromagnetic interaction, the first magnet  130  may be opposite the first coil and the position sensor  170 , a description of which will follow. 
     In addition, the bobbin  1210  may be flexibly supported by the upper and lower elastic members  150  and  160  such that the bobbin moves in the first direction to perform auto focusing. 
     The bobbin  110  may include a lens barrel (not shown), in which at least one lens is installed. The lens barrel may be coupled to the inside of the bobbin  110  in various manners. 
     For example, the lens barrel may be coupled to the bobbin  110  by screw coupling between female threads formed in the inner circumferential surface of the bobbin  110  and male threads formed in the outer circumferential surface of the lens barrel so as to correspond to the female threads. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. No threads may be formed in the inner circumferential surface of the bobbin  110 , in which case the lens barrel may be directly fixed to the inside of the bobbin  110  using a method other than screw coupling. 
     Alternatively, one or more lenses may be integrally formed with the bobbin  110 , without the lens barrel. In this embodiment, however, the lens moving apparatus includes a lens barrel. 
     A single lens may be coupled to the lens barrel, or two or more lenses may be coupled to the lens barrel in order to constitute an optical system. 
     Auto focusing may be controlled depending on the direction in which current flows. Auto focusing may be realized by moving the bobbin  110  in the first direction. For example, when forward current is supplied, the bobbin  110  may move upward from the initial position. When reverse current is supplied, the bobbin  110  may move downward from the initial position. Alternatively, the amount of current that flows in one direction may be adjusted to increase or decrease the movement distance of the bobbin from the initial position in one direction. 
     A plurality of upper supporting protrusions and a plurality of lower supporting protrusions may protrude from the upper surface and the lower surface of the bobbin  110 , respectively. Each upper supporting protrusion may be formed in a cylindrical shape or a prism shape. The upper supporting protrusions may couple and fix the upper elastic member  150 . In the same manner as in the upper supporting protrusions, each lower supporting protrusion may be formed in a cylindrical shape or a prism shape. The upper supporting protrusions may couple and fix the lower elastic member  160 . 
     The upper elastic member  150  may be provided with holes corresponding to the upper supporting protrusions, and the lower elastic member  160  may be provided with holes corresponding to the lower supporting protrusions. The supporting protrusions and the holes may be fixed to each other by thermal fusion or using an adhesive member such as epoxy. 
     In another embodiment, the lower elastic member  160  may be coupled to the upper surface of the printed circuit board  250 . For coupling between the lower elastic member  160  and the printed circuit board  250 , for example, the base  210  may be provided with a plurality of protrusions, and the lower elastic member  160  may be provided with a plurality of through-holes corresponding in position and shape to the protrusions. 
     The protrusions of the base  250  may be coupled into the through-holes in the lower elastic member  160 . The printed circuit board  250 , which is disposed between the lower elastic member  160  and the base  250 , is soldered to the lower elastic member  160 , whereby the printed circuit board  250  and the lower elastic member  160  may be coupled to each other. 
     The housing  140  may have a hollow column shape for supporting the first magnet  130 , and may be formed in an approximately quadrangular shape. The first magnet  130  and supporting members  220  may be coupled to the edge of the housing  140 . In addition, as described above, the bobbin  110 , which is guided by the housing  140  so as to move in the first direction, may be disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the housing  140 . 
     The upper elastic member  150  and the lower elastic member  160  may be coupled to the housing  140  and the bobbin  110 , and the upper elastic member  150  and the lower elastic member  160  may flexibly support the upward and/or downward movement of the bobbin  110  in the first direction. The upper elastic member  150  and the lower elastic member  160  may each be constituted by a leaf spring. 
     As shown in  FIG.  18   , the upper elastic member  150  may be divided into a plurality of separated parts. Due to such a multidivisional structure, currents having different polarities or different powers may be supplied to the divided parts of the upper elastic member  150 . In addition, the lower elastic member  160  may have a multidivisional structure, and may be connected to the upper elastic member  150 . 
     Meanwhile, the upper elastic member  150 , the lower elastic member  160 , the bobbin  110 , and the housing  140  may be assembled through bonding performed by thermal fusion and/or using an adhesive. 
     The position sensor  170  may be coupled to the bobbin  110  so as to be movable together with the bobbin  110 . The position sensor  170  may sense the upward and downward displacement of the bobbin  110  in the first direction, and may output the sensed result as a feedback signal, i.e. an electrical signal. 
     The upward and downward displacement of the bobbin  110  in the first direction may be adjusted based on the feedback signal, which is the result of sensing of the upward and downward displacement of the bobbin  110  in the first direction. 
     The position sensor  170  may be a sensor for sensing the change in magnetic force emitted by the first magnet  130 . Here, the position sensor  170  may be a Hall sensor. 
     However, the above is illustrative. In this embodiment, the position sensor  170  is not limited to a Hall sensor. Any sensor capable of sensing a change in magnetic force may be used. In addition, any sensor capable of sensing position rather than magnetic force may be used. For example, the position sensor may be constituted by a photoreflector. 
     The position sensor  170  may be coupled to the bobbin  110  or the housing  140  in various manners. Current may be supplied to the position sensor  170  in various manners depending on how the position sensor  170  is coupled. In this embodiment, the position sensor  170  is coupled to the bobbin  110 . Hereinafter, the concrete structure of the lens moving apparatus will be described based on this embodiment. 
     Meanwhile, the lens moving apparatus may further include an additional first magnet (not shown) for sensing, opposite the position sensor  170 , or the first magnet  130  for moving may be used. When the bobbin  110  moves upward and downward in the first direction, the position sensor  170  may sense the change in magnetic force of the first magnet for sensing or the first magnet  130  to detect the upward and downward displacement of the bobbin  110  in the first direction. 
     In this embodiment, the position sensor  170  is configured to have a structure that senses the change in magnetic force of the first magnet  130 . Hereinafter, the concrete structure of the lens moving apparatus will be described based on this embodiment. 
     The base  210  may be disposed at the lower part of the bobbin  110 , and may be formed in an approximately quadrangular shape. The printed circuit board  250  may be located on the base  210 . 
     The base  210  may be provided in the surface thereof facing the portion of the printed circuit board  250  at which a terminal surface  253  is formed with a supporting recess having a corresponding size. The supporting recess may be recessed inward from the outer circumferential surface of the base  210  by a predetermined depth in order to inhibit the portion of the printed circuit board at which the terminal surface  253  is formed from protruding outward or to adjust the extent to which the portion of the printed circuit board protrudes outward. 
     The supporting members  220  may be disposed at the lateral surface of the housing  140 . The upper side of each supporting member  220  may be coupled to the housing  140 , and the lower side of each supporting member  220  may be coupled to the base  210 . The supporting members  220  may support the bobbin  110  and the housing  140  such that the bobbin  110  and the housing  140  are movable in the second direction and the third direction, which are perpendicular to the first direction. In addition, the supporting members  220  may be connected to the first coil  120 . 
     In this embodiment, four supporting members  220  may be disposed at the outer surfaces of the corners of the housing  140  in a symmetrical fashion. In addition, the supporting members  220  may be connected to the upper elastic member  150 . That is, for example, the supporting members  220  may be connected to the portions of the upper elastic member  150  in which the through-holes are formed. 
     In addition, the supporting members  220  may be connected to the upper elastic member  150  using a conductive adhesive or by soldering, since the supporting members  220  are formed separately from the upper elastic member  150 . Consequently, the upper elastic member  150  may supply current to the first coil  120  via the supporting members  220 , which are connected to the upper elastic member. 
     Meanwhile, in  FIG.  18   , linear supporting members  220  are shown as an embodiment. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, each of the supporting members  220  may be formed in a plate shape. 
     A second coil  230  may move the housing  140  in the second direction and/or the third direction through electromagnetic interaction with the first magnet  130  to perform optical image stabilization. 
     Here, the second and third directions may include directions that are substantially similar to the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, as well as the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction. That is, in the moving aspect of the embodiment, the housing  140  may move parallel to the x axis and the y axis. In addition, in the case in which the housing moves in the state of being supported by the supporting members  220 , the housing may move in the state of being slightly oblique with respect to the x axis and the y axis. 
     Consequently, the first magnet  130  may be installed at a position corresponding to the second coil  230 . 
     The second coil  230  may be disposed so as to be opposite the first magnet  130 , which is fixed to the housing  140 . In an embodiment, the second coil  230  may be disposed outside the first magnet  130 . Alternatively, the second coil  230  may be disposed under the first magnet  130  so as to be spaced apart from the first magnet by a predetermined distance. 
     According to this embodiment, four second coils  230  may be installed at four sides of a circuit member  231 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. Only two second coils, namely a second-direction second coil and a third-direction second coil, may be installed, or more than four second coils may be installed. 
     In this embodiment, a circuit pattern may be formed on the circuit member  231  so as to have the shape of the second coil  230 , and an additional second coil may be disposed above the circuit member  231 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. No circuit pattern may be formed on the circuit member  231  so as to have the shape of the second coil  230 , but only an additional second coil  230  may be disposed above the circuit member  231 . 
     Alternatively, a wire may be wound in the shape of a doughnut to constitute the second coil  230 , or the second coil  230  may be formed in the shape of an FP coil and may be connected to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     The circuit member  231  including the second coil  230  may be installed on the upper surface of the printed circuit board  250 , which is disposed above the base  210 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The second coil  230  may be in tight contact with the base  210 , may be spaced apart from the base by a predetermined distance, or may be formed at an additional board, which may be stacked on the printed circuit board  250 . 
     The printed circuit board  250  may be connected to at least one of the upper elastic member  150  and the lower elastic member  160 , may be coupled to the upper surface of the base  210 , and may have therein through-holes, through which the supporting members  220  are inserted, formed at positions corresponding to the distal ends of the supporting members  220 , as shown in  FIG.  18   . 
     The printed circuit board  250  may be provided with a terminal surface  253 , at which terminals  251  are installed. The terminals  251  may be disposed at the terminal surface  253  to supply current to the first coil  120  and the second coil  230  upon receiving external power. The number of terminals formed at the terminal surface  253  may be increased or decreased depending on the kind of elements that need to be controlled. In addition, the printed circuit board  250  may have one terminal surface  253  or three or more terminal surfaces  253 . 
     The cover member  300  may be generally formed in the shape of a box. The cover member  300  may receive the moving unit, the second coil  230 , and a portion of the printed circuit board  250 , and may be coupled to the base  210 . The cover member  300  may protect the moving unit, the second coil  230 , and the printed circuit board  250 , which are received therein so as not to be damaged. In particular, the cover member  300  may inhibit the electromagnetic field generated by the first magnet  130 , the first coil  120 , and the second coil  230  from leaking to the outside such that the electromagnetic field is condensed. 
       FIG.  19 A  is a side view showing a bobbin  110  according to an embodiment.  FIG.  19 B  is a side view showing the state in which the first magnet  130  is disposed in  FIG.  19 A .  FIG.  20    is a view showing the state in which a position sensor  170  according to an embodiment is removed from  FIG.  19 A . 
     The position sensor  170  may be coupled to the bobbin  110 . For example, the bobbin  110  may be provided with a location recess  1110 , in which the position sensor  170  is located. As shown in  FIG.  20   , the location recess  1110  may be provided with one end  4100  of a conductive pattern  4000 , a surface electrode, a surface circuit, a surface circuit pattern, or a plating line, which is connected to the position sensor  170 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  21   , for example, the portion of the bobbin  110  at which the position sensor  170  is coupled to the bobbin  110  may be concave to form the location recess  1110 . Since the location recess  1110  is formed concave in the bobbin  110 , interference between the position sensor  170 , which is coupled to the bobbin  110  in the state of being located in the location recess  1110 , and other elements of the lens moving apparatus may be avoided when the bobbin  110  moves upward and downward in the first direction. 
     The position sensor  170  may be soldered to the end  4100  of the conductive pattern  4000 , the surface electrode, the surface circuit, the surface circuit pattern, or the plating line so as to be coupled to the bobbin  110 . Alternatively, the position sensor  170  may be coupled to the bobbin  110  using an adhesive such as epoxy. Alternatively, the position sensor  170  may be soldered to the end  4100  of the conductive pattern  4000 , the surface electrode, the surface circuit, the surface circuit pattern, or the plating line, and at the same time may be adhered to the location recess  1110  using an adhesive such as epoxy, whereby the position sensor  170  may be securely coupled to the bobbin  110 . 
     Meanwhile, as shown in  FIGS.  19 A and  19 B , the position sensor  170  may be provided at the bobbin  110  so as to be spaced apart from the first coil  120  in the first direction. Since an electric field or a magnetic field may be generated by the first coil  120 , to which current is supplied, the position sensor  170  may incorrectly sense the change in magnetic field of the first magnet  130  due to the electric field or the magnetic field generated by the first coil  120 . 
     In order to inhibit incorrect sensing of the position sensor  170 , therefore, the first coil  120  and the position sensor  170  may be provided at the bobbin  110  so as to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in the first direction. 
     In this embodiment, as shown in  FIGS.  19 A,  19 B, and  20   , the conductive pattern  4000 , the surface electrode, the surface circuit, the surface circuit pattern, or the plating line may be provided at the bobbin  110 . The conductive pattern  4000 , the surface electrode, the surface circuit, the surface circuit pattern, or the plating line may be formed on the surface of the bobbin  110  by plating, and may be connected to the position sensor  170 . 
     The conductive pattern  4000 , the surface electrode, the surface circuit, the surface circuit pattern, or the plating line may be formed on the surface of the bobbin  110 , for example, by laser direct structuring (LDS). LDS is laser processing that forms a circuit pattern or a conduction line on the surface of an object using a laser. LDS may be performed as follows. 
     First, a laser is applied to the bobbin  110  to form a conductive pattern  4000 , a surface electrode, a surface circuit, a surface circuit pattern, or a plating line on the bobbin  110 . The bobbin  110 , on which the conductive pattern  4000 , the surface electrode, the surface circuit, the surface circuit pattern, or the plating line is formed, may be made of a thermoplastic resin material, such as a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) material. The portion of the bobbin  110  to which the laser is applied may be partially melted. The portion melted by the laser may have sufficient surface roughness to be plated. 
     Next, the pattern formed by the laser may be primarily plated with a primary metal. For example, nickel or copper, which exhibits high electrical conductivity, may be used as the primary metal used for primary plating. 
     Next, in the state in which the pattern has been plated with the primary metal, the upper surface of the primary metal may be secondarily plated with a secondary metal. For example, gold, which exhibits high electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and chemical resistance, may be used as the secondary metal used for secondary plating. 
     The primary metal and the secondary metal used for plating are not limited to the above embodiment. Any material that exhibits high electrical conductivity and is suitable for plating may be used. 
     Meanwhile, one end  4100  of the conductive pattern  4000 , the surface electrode, the surface circuit, the surface circuit pattern, or the plating line, which is connected to the position sensor  170 , may be formed in the location recess  1110 , and the other end of the conductive pattern  4000 , the surface electrode, the surface circuit, the surface circuit pattern, or the plating line may be connected to the upper elastic member  150 . An embodiment of the connection between the conductive pattern  4000 , the surface electrode, the surface circuit, the surface circuit pattern, or the plating line and the upper elastic member  150  will be described later with reference to  FIGS.  21 ,  22 A, and  22 B . 
     Meanwhile, in this embodiment, as shown in  FIG.  20   , a plurality of conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines may be provided, and each of the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines may be connected to the position sensor  170 . 
     In this embodiment, four conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines may be formed on the bobbin  110 , and each of the conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines may be connected to the position sensor  170 . 
     The reason for this is that the position sensor  170  has two input terminals and two output terminals. Consequently, the number of conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines may be adjusted based on the number of input terminals and output terminals of the position sensor  170 . In this case, the number of conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines may be equal to the sum of the number of input terminals and the number of output terminals of the position sensor  170 . 
     For example, a Hall sensor or an MR sensor may be used as the position sensor  170 . The position sensor  170  may be located on the bobbin  110  in the horizontal direction or in the vertical direction. 
     The position sensor  170  may be located on the bobbin so as to measure the electromagnetic force of the first magnet for both sensing and moving, and may partially overlap the first magnet  130 . 
     The position sensor  170  may be positioned so as to be opposite the central portion of the first magnet  130  or to be eccentric relative to the central portion of the first magnet  130  such that a design space for the bobbin is secured, whereby the bobbin  110  may have an appropriate thickness. Because the position sensor  170  is positioned as described, the reliability of the bobbin  110  and the position sensor  170  may be secured, and the bobbin  110  may be easily injection-molded. 
     Meanwhile, the first coil  120  may be disposed at the upper side or the lower side of the bobbin  110  in order to inhibit deterioration in the sensing characteristics of the position sensor  170  due to a high frequency, or the first coil  120  may be disposed at the upper surface of the bobbin  110  in order to protect the soldered portion of the position sensor  170 . 
     In the case in which the position sensor  170  and the driver for driving the position sensor are integrally formed, the conductive pattern  4000  may be directly connected to a integrated circuit (IC) of the driver. 
       FIG.  21    is a perspective view showing some elements of a lens moving apparatus according to an embodiment.  FIG.  22 A  is a plan view of  FIG.  21   .  FIG.  22 B  is a plan view of  FIG.  22 A , from which some elements are removed. 
     A plurality of conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines may be provided. Consequently, the upper elastic member  150  may be divided into at least the same number of parts as the number of conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines. 
     In this embodiment, as shown in  FIGS.  21 ,  22 A, and  22 B , four conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines may be provided, the upper elastic member  150  may be divided into six parts, and the four conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines may be connected to four of the six divided parts of the upper elastic member. 
     Since the position sensors have two input terminals and two output terminals, as described above, four conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines may be provided. 
     The upper elastic member  150  may be connected to the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines, and may be connected to the supporting members  220 . In addition, the supporting members  220  may be connected to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     In the above structure, the position sensor  170  may be connected to the printed circuit board  250  via the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines, the upper elastic member  150 , and the supporting members  220 . The input terminals and the output terminals of the position sensor  170  may be independently connected to the printed circuit board  250 , and the position sensor  170  may receive current from the printed circuit board  250  or may transmit a sensed value to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the upper elastic member  150  may be divided into six parts, four of which may be connected to the conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines and the supporting members  220 . In addition, the other two may be connected to the lower elastic member  160  and the supporting members  220 . 
     The other two of the divided parts of the upper elastic member  150  may be connected to the first coil  120 , which is connected to the lower elastic member  160 . Since it is necessary for both ends of the first coil  120  to be independently connected to the printed circuit board  250 , the lower elastic member  160  may be divided into two parts. 
     Consequently, both ends of the first coil  120  may be connected to the printed circuit board  250  via the lower elastic member  160 , two of the divided parts of the upper elastic member  150 , and the support members  220  in order to receive necessary current from the printed circuit board  250 . 
     It is necessary for the two divided parts of the lower elastic member  160  and two of the six divided parts of the upper elastic member  150  to be connected to each other, which may be achieved using various structures. For example, as shown in  FIG.  21   , the lower elastic member  160  and the upper elastic member  150  may be connected to each other via an additional electrical conduction member. 
     In another embodiment, although not shown, a portion of the lower elastic member  160  or the upper elastic member  150  may be bent in the first direction and extend so as to be used as a connection member. 
     An embodiment of the connection relationship between the conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines and the upper elastic member  150  will be described with reference to  FIGS.  21 ,  22 A, and  22 B . In this embodiment, the upper elastic member  150  may be divided into six parts. 
     That is, the upper elastic member  150  may be divided into a first upper elastic member  150 - 1 , a second upper elastic member  150 - 2 , a third upper elastic member  150 - 3 , a fourth upper elastic member  150 - 4 , a fifth upper elastic member  150 - 5 , and a sixth upper elastic member  150 - 6 . 
     The first upper elastic member  150 - 1 , the second upper elastic member  150 - 2 , the fourth upper elastic member  150 - 4 , and the fifth upper elastic member  150 - 5  may be connected to the four conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines in order to connect the position sensor  170  and the printed circuit board  250  to each other. 
     Since the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines are formed on the surface of the bobbin  110  by LDS, a laser may be applied to the surface of the bobbin  110  to form a pattern having a desired shape and position. Consequently, the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines, which are formed so as to coincide with the pattern, may be formed on a desired position of the surface of the bobbin  110  so as to have a desired shape. 
     Meanwhile, the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines may be coupled and connected to the upper elastic member  150  by soldering. In this embodiment, as shown in  FIGS.  22 A and  22 B , the four conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines, which are connected to the position sensor  170  having the four input or output terminals, may be formed on the surface of the bobbin  110  so as not to be electrically shorted. 
     In addition, in this embodiment, the four conductive patterns  4000 , surface electrodes, surface circuits, surface circuit patterns, or plating lines may be coupled and connected to the first upper elastic member  150 - 1 , the second upper elastic member  150 - 2 , the fourth upper elastic member  150 - 4 , and the fifth upper elastic member  150 - 5  by soldering. 
     Meanwhile, the third upper elastic member  150 - 3  and the sixth upper elastic member  150 - 6  may be connected to the two divided parts of the lower elastic member  160  in order to connect the first coil  120  and the printed circuit board  250  to each other. 
     In the above description, the upper elastic member  150  is divided into six parts and the lower elastic member  160  is divided into two parts in order to connect both ends of the first coil  120  and the position sensor  170 , which has the four input or output terminals, to the printed circuit board  250 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The upper elastic member  150  or the lower elastic member  160  may be divided into various numbers of parts in various manners depending on the number of terminals of the elements that need to be connected to the printed circuit board  250 . 
     Meanwhile, in at least a portion of the region of the bobbin  110  at which the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines are formed, an adhesive (not shown) may be coated on the surface of the bobbin  110  and the upper surface of the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines. The conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines, which are formed on the surface of the bobbin  110 , may be peeled from the surface of the bobbin  110  during the formation thereof or during the use of the lens moving apparatus. 
     In the case in which the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines are peeled from the surface of the bobbin  110 , the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines may come into contact with each other, which may lead to an electrical short, or the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines may be broken or damaged, which may lead to malfunction of the lens moving apparatus. 
     In order to inhibit the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines from being peeled from the surface of the bobbin  110 , therefore, an adhesive such as epoxy may be coated on the portion of the surface of the bobbin  110  at which the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines are formed such that the conductive patterns  4000 , the surface electrodes, the surface circuits, the surface circuit patterns, or the plating lines are securely coupled to the surface of the bobbin  110 . 
       FIG.  23    is a view showing the disposition of a first magnet  130  and a position sensor  170  according to an embodiment.  FIG.  24    is a view showing the disposition of a first magnet  130  and a position sensor  170  according to another embodiment. 
     In an embodiment, as shown in  FIG.  23   , a single first magnet  130  may be provided. The first magnet  130  may be configured such that the N pole and the S pole are disposed in the second direction or the third direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. 
     In another embodiment, as shown in  FIG.  24   , a plurality of first magnets  130  may be provided in the first direction. Each of the first magnets  130  may be configured such that the N pole and the S pole are disposed in the second direction or the third direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. 
     The first magnets  130  may be disposed so as to have different polarities in the first direction. In the case in which a plurality of first magnets  130  is provided, the magnetic force of the first magnets  130  may be greater than in the case in which a single first magnet is provided. Consequently, auto focusing of the lens moving apparatus may be efficiently controlled. 
     Meanwhile, in the case in which a plurality of first magnets  130  is provided, the relationship between the magnetic flux of the first magnets  130  and the upward and downward movement, i.e. the movement distance, of the bobbin  110  in the first direction exhibits further improved linearity than in the case in which a single first magnet is provided, whereby the position sensor  170  may more accurately sense the movement distance of the bobbin  110  in the first direction, which will be described hereinafter in detail with reference to  FIG.  24   . 
     In addition, the first magnet  130  and the position sensor  170  may be provided at opposite surfaces so as to be spaced apart from each other. The position sensor  170  may sense the change in magnetic force of the first magnet  130  in response to the movement of the bobbin  110  in the first direction to measure the value of displacement of the bobbin  110  in the first direction. 
     In order for the position sensor  170  to accurately and effectively sense the change in magnetic force of the first magnet  130 , therefore, the first magnet  130  and the position sensor  170  may be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance w3 in the second direction or in the third direction. 
     The distance w3 between the first magnet  130  and the position sensor  170  may be 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm. More appropriately, the distance w3 may be 0.05 mm to 0.3 mm. 
     The center of the position sensor  170  may be positioned within a predetermined distance from the upper end or the lower end of the first magnet  130  in the first direction. The position sensor  170  may sense the change in magnetic force of the first magnet  130  in the central region thereof. 
     Consequently, the center of the position sensor  170  must be positioned within a predetermined distance from the first magnet  130  in the first direction such that the position sensor can accurately and effectively sense the change in magnetic force of the first magnet  130 . 
     A second distance w4 from the center of the position sensor  170  to the upper end or the lower end of the first magnet  130  may be 1 mm or less. More appropriately, the second distance w4 may be 0.5 mm or less. 
     In  FIGS.  23  and  24   , the center of the position sensor  170  is positioned above the first magnet  130 , whereby the second distance w4 is the distance between the center of the position sensor  170  and the upper end of the first magnet  130 . 
     In the case in which the center of the position sensor  170  is positioned under the first magnet  130 , however, the second distance w4 may be the distance between the center of the position sensor  170  and the lower end of the first magnet  130 . 
       FIG.  25    is a graph showing the relationship between the magnetic flux of the first magnet and the movement distance of the bobbin  110  in the first direction. The movement distance of the bobbin in the first direction may be measured by the position sensor  170 . 
     In the graph, curve SP1 indicates in the case in which the lens moving apparatus includes two first magnets  130 , and curve SP2 indicates the case in which the lens moving apparatus includes a single first magnet  130 . 
     As can be seen from  FIG.  25   , in the case in which two first magnets  130  are provided, the curve is changed more linearly than in the case in which a single first magnet  130  is provided. The greater the linearity of the curve, the more accurately the position sensor  170  may measure the movement distance of the bobbin  110  in the first direction. 
     From the aspect of accuracy of the position sensor in measuring the movement distance of the bobbin  110  in the first direction, therefore, a plurality of first magnets  130  may be provided. 
     However, whether the lens moving apparatus includes a single first magnet  130  or two or more first magnets  130  may be appropriately determined in consideration of the overall structure of the lens moving apparatus, manufacturing costs of the lens moving apparatus, or other design factors. 
       FIG.  26    is a graph showing the results of experimentation on the moving characteristics of a lens moving apparatus according to an embodiment. In the graph, the gain is the sensing value of the position sensor  170 , which may be converted into the displacement value of the position sensor  170  in the first direction through appropriate conversion. 
     In the graph, the gain of a lens moving apparatus according to an embodiment in which the position sensor  170  is provided at the bobbin  110  so as to be spaced apart from the first coil  120  in the first direction is denoted by LP1. 
     In the graph, the gain of a lens moving apparatus configured to have a structure in which the position sensor  170  is provided at the bobbin  110  so as not to be spaced apart from the first coil  120  in the first direction, i.e. a structure in which the position sensor  170  entirely or partially overlaps the first coil  120  in the second direction or in the third direction, is denoted by LP2. 
     In the graph, the phase is a current input value of the first coil, which may be converted into the displacement value of the bobbin  110  in the first direction through appropriate conversion. In the graph, the phase is denoted by LP3. 
     The displacement value of the position sensor  170  in the first direction and the displacement value of the bobbin  110  in the first direction coincide with each other. As LP1 or LP2 coincides with LP3 if possible, therefore, error in the sensing value from the position sensor  170  may be reduced. 
     In the graph, it can be seen that graph LP3 continuously decreases as the frequency is increased in period A. However, it can be seen that graph LP1 or LP2 increases in period A. 
     When comparing graphs LP1 and LP2 in period A, as the frequency is increased, LP1 is increased with a greater width than LP3, and the increased width is generally uniform. 
     As the frequency in increased, LP2 is increased further than LP3. However, the increased width is considerably smaller than that of LP1. As the frequency is further increased after the increase of the gain, the gain is reduced. 
     When comparing graphs LP1 and LP2, LP2 is more similar to LP3 than LP1. This reveals that, in a lens moving apparatus according to an embodiment in which the position sensor  170  is provided at the bobbin  110  so as to be spaced apart from the first coil  120  in the first direction, the sensing error value of the position sensor  170 , which is based on the current flowing in the first coil  120 , is smaller than in a lens moving apparatus having a structure different from the above structure. 
     In this embodiment, the position sensor  170 , which is provided on the bobbin  110 , may be connected to the upper elastic member  150  using the conductive pattern  4000 , the surface electrode, the surface circuit, the surface circuit pattern, or the plating line, which are formed on the surface of the bobbin  110 , whereby the structure of the lens moving apparatus may be simplified. 
     In addition, in the case in which the conductive pattern  4000 , the surface electrode, the surface circuit, the surface circuit pattern, or the plating line, which are formed on the surface of the bobbin  110 , are used, interference between elements constituting the lens moving apparatus may be reduced considerably more than in the case in which an additional structure for connection or an electrical conduction member is used. 
     Meanwhile, the lens moving apparatus according to the embodiment described above may be used in various fields, such as for a camera module. For example, the camera module may be applied to a mobile device, such as a mobile phone. 
     A camera module according to an embodiment may include a lens barrel coupled to a bobbin  110 , an image sensor (not shown), a printed circuit board  250 , and an optical system. 
     The lens barrel may be configured as described above, and the printed circuit board  250 , which is a portion on which the image sensor is mounted, may define the bottom surface of the camera module. 
     In addition, the optical system may include at least one lens for transmitting an image to the image sensor. An actuator module for performing auto focusing and optical image stabilization may be installed in the optical system. The actuator module for performing auto focusing may be configured in various manners. A voice coil unit motor is generally used. The lens moving apparatus according to the embodiment described above may serve as an actuator module for performing both auto focusing and optical image stabilization. 
     In addition, the camera module may further include an infrared cut-off filter (not shown). The infrared cut-off filter inhibits infrared light from being incident on the image sensor. In this case, the infrared cut-off filter may be installed at the base  210  shown in  FIG.  18    at a position corresponding to the image sensor, and may be coupled to a holder member (not shown). In addition, the base  210  may support the lower side of the holder member. 
     An additional terminal member for electrical conduction with the printed circuit board  250  may be installed at the base  210 , or a terminal may be integrally formed using a surface electrode. Meanwhile, the base  210  may perform a sensor holder function for protecting the image sensor. In this case, a protrusion may be formed downward along the lateral surface of the base  210 , which, however, is not requisite. Although not shown, an additional sensor holder may be disposed under the base  210  so as to perform the above function. 
     Although only a few embodiments have been described above, various other embodiments may be configured. The technical features of the embodiments described above may be combined into various forms unless the technical features are incompatible with each other, in which case it is possible to configure new embodiments. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     Embodiments provide a lens moving apparatus that is capable of performing stable and accurate auto focusing. Consequently, the embodiments have industrial applicability.