Patent Publication Number: US-10776730-B2

Title: Policy-based scaling of computing resources in a networked computing environment

Description:
RELATED U.S. APPLICATION DATA 
     This patent document is a continuation of, and claims the benefit of, co-pending and co-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/903,624, filed Feb. 23, 2018, which is a continuation of commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/590,276, filed Jan. 6, 2015, issued Apr. 10, 2018 as U.S. Pat. No. 9,940,595, which is a continuation of commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/343,293, filed Apr. 4, 2012, issued Feb. 24, 2015 as U.S. Pat. No. 8,966,085. The entire contents of each of such applications are herein incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     In general, embodiments of the present invention relate to computing resource scaling. Specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to policy-based (e.g., price sensitive) scaling of computing resource in a networked computing environment (e.g., a cloud computing environment). 
     BACKGROUND 
     The networked computing environment (e.g., cloud computing environment) is an enhancement to the predecessor grid environment, whereby multiple grids and other computation resources may be further enhanced by one or more additional abstraction layers (e.g., a cloud layer), thus making disparate devices appear to an end-consumer as a single pool of seamless resources. These resources may include such things as physical or logical computing engines, servers and devices, device memory, and storage devices, among others. 
     Cloud-based resources may be widely used to support and operate many different personal and/or business needs. Often, needs such as elasticity, high performance, and availability may be addressed by cloud solution providers offering a system to scale customer&#39;s resources as needed. Challenges may exist, however, in that current scalability functionality may either add or remove resources without considering customer-specific policies and/or constraints. 
     SUMMARY 
     In general, embodiments of the present invention provide an approach for policy-driven (e.g., price-sensitive) scaling of computing resources in a networked computing environment (e.g., a cloud computing environment). In a typical embodiment, a workload request for a customer will be received and a set of computing resources available to process the workload request will be identified. It will then be determined whether the set of computing resources are sufficient to process the workload request. If the set of computing resources is under-allocated (or is over-allocated), a resource scaling policy may be accessed. The set of computing resources may then be scaled based on the resource scaling policy, so that the workload request can be efficiently processed while maintaining compliance with the resource scaling policy. 
     A first aspect of the present invention provides a computer-implemented method for scaling computing resources in a networked computing environment, comprising: receiving a workload request in a computer memory medium for a customer; identifying a set of computing resources available in the network computing environment to process the workload request; detecting a need to scale the set of computing resources based on a comparison of the set of computing resources to a level of computing resources needed to process the workload request; accessing a resource scaling policy associated with the customer; identifying a set of pricing criteria in the resource scaling policy; and scaling the set of computing resources to process the workload request based on the need and the set of pricing criteria. 
     A second aspect of the present invention provides a system for scaling computing resources in a networked computing environment, comprising: a memory medium comprising instructions; a bus coupled to the memory medium; and a processor coupled to the bus that when executing the instructions causes the system to: receive a workload request in a computer memory medium for a customer; identify a set of computing resources available in the network computing environment to process the workload request; detect a need to scale the set of computing resources based on a comparison of the set of computing resources to a level of computing resources needed to process the workload request; access a resource scaling policy associated with the customer; identify a set of pricing criteria in the resource scaling policy; and scale the set of computing resources to process the workload request based on the need and the set of pricing criteria. 
     A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer program product for scaling computing resources in a networked computing environment, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage media, and program instructions stored on the computer readable storage media, to: receive a workload request in a computer memory medium for a customer; identify a set of computing resources available in the network computing environment to process the workload request; detect a need to scale the set of computing resources based on a comparison of the set of computing resources to a level of computing resources needed to process the workload request; access a resource scaling policy associated with the customer; identify a set of pricing criteria in the resource scaling policy; and scale the set of computing resources to process the workload request based on the need and the set of pricing criteria. 
     A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method for deploying a system for scaling computing resources in a networked computing environment, comprising: providing a computer infrastructure being operable to: receive a workload request in a computer memory medium for a customer; identify a set of computing resources available in the network computing environment to process the workload request; detect a need to scale the set of computing resources based on a comparison of the set of computing resources to a level of computing resources needed to process the workload request; access a resource scaling policy associated with the customer; identify a set of pricing criteria in the resource scaling policy; and scale the set of computing resources to process the workload request based on the need and the set of pricing criteria. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other features of this invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of the various aspects of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  depicts a cloud computing node according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  depicts a cloud computing environment according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  depicts abstraction model layers according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  depicts a system diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  depicts a diagram illustrating a computing resources scaling need according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  depicts a computing resource scaling option according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  depicts another computing resource scaling option according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  depicts a method flow diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     The drawings are not necessarily to scale. The drawings are merely schematic representations, not intended to portray specific parameters of the invention. The drawings are intended to depict only typical embodiments of the invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. In the drawings, like numbering represents like elements. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Illustrative embodiments will now be described more fully herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments are shown. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, the use of the terms “a”, “an”, etc., do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items. The term “set” is intended to mean a quantity of at least one. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising”, or “includes” and/or “including”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     Embodiments of the present invention provide an approach for policy-driven (e.g., price-sensitive) scaling of computing resources in a networked computing environment (e.g., a cloud computing environment). In a typical embodiment, a workload request for a customer will be received and a set of computing resources available to process the workload request will be identified. It will then be determined whether the set of computing resources are sufficient to process the workload request. If the set of computing resources is under-allocated (or is over-allocated), a resource scaling policy may be accessed. The set of computing resources may then be scaled based on the resource scaling policy, so that the workload request can be efficiently processed while maintaining compliance with the resource scaling policy. 
     It is understood in advance that although this disclosure includes a detailed description of cloud computing, implementation of the teachings recited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather, embodiments of the present invention are capable of being implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed. 
     Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models. 
     Characteristics are as follows: 
     On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed, automatically without requiring human interaction with the service&#39;s provider. 
     Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs). 
     Resource pooling: the provider&#39;s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). 
     Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. 
     Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active consumer accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. 
     Service Models are as follows: 
     Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider&#39;s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited consumer-specific application configuration settings. 
     Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application-hosting environment configurations. 
     Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). 
     Deployment Models are as follows: 
     Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
     Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
     Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. 
     Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds). 
     A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure comprising a network of interconnected nodes. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a schematic of an example of a cloud computing node is shown. Cloud computing node  10  is only one example of a suitable cloud computing node and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of embodiments of the invention described herein. Regardless, cloud computing node  10  is capable of being implemented and/or performing any of the functionality set forth hereinabove. 
     In cloud computing node  10 , there is a computer system/server  12 , which is operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with computer system/server  12  include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputer systems, mainframe computer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like. 
     Computer system/server  12  may be described in the general context of computer system-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer system. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, logic, data structures, and so on that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer system/server  12  may be practiced in distributed cloud computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed cloud computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer system storage media including memory storage devices. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , computer system/server  12  in cloud computing node  10  is shown in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of computer system/server  12  may include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing units  16 , a system memory  28 , and a bus  18  that couples various system components including system memory  28  to processor  16 . 
     Bus  18  represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI) bus. 
     Computer system/server  12  typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by computer system/server  12 , and it includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. 
     System memory  28  can include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM)  30  and/or cache memory  32 . Computer system/server  12  may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system  34  can be provided for reading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media (not shown and typically called a “hard drive”). Although not shown, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile optical disk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or other optical media can be provided. In such instances, each can be connected to bus  18  by one or more data media interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below, memory  28  may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out the functions of embodiments of the invention. 
     The embodiments of the invention may be implemented as a computer readable signal medium, which may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein (e.g., in baseband or as part of a carrier wave). Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. 
     Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium including, but not limited to, wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, radio-frequency (RF), etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing. 
     Program/utility  40 , having a set (at least one) of program modules  42 , may be stored in memory  28  by way of example, and not limitation, as well as an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each of the operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data or some combination thereof, may include an implementation of a networking environment. Program modules  42  generally carry out the functions and/or methodologies of embodiments of the invention as described herein. 
     Computer system/server  12  may also communicate with one or more external devices  14  such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display  24 , etc.; one or more devices that enable a consumer to interact with computer system/server  12 ; and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable computer system/server  12  to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication can occur via I/O interfaces  22 . Still yet, computer system/server  12  can communicate with one or more networks such as a local area network (LAN), a general wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g., the Internet) via network adapter  20 . As depicted, network adapter  20  communicates with the other components of computer system/server  12  via bus  18 . It should be understood that although not shown, other hardware and/or software components could be used in conjunction with computer system/server  12 . Examples include, but are not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data archival storage systems, etc. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , illustrative cloud computing environment  50  is depicted. As shown, cloud computing environment  50  comprises one or more cloud computing nodes  10  with which local computing devices used by cloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant (PDA) or cellular telephone  54 A, desktop computer  54 B, laptop computer  54 C, and/or automobile computer system  54 N may communicate. Nodes  10  may communicate with one another. They may be grouped (not shown) physically or virtually, in one or more networks, such as private, community, public, or hybrid clouds as described hereinabove, or a combination thereof. This allows cloud computing environment  50  to offer infrastructure, platforms, and/or software as services for which a cloud consumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computing device. It is understood that the types of computing devices  54 A-N shown in  FIG. 2  are intended to be illustrative only and that computing nodes  10  and cloud computing environment  50  can communicate with any type of computerized device over any type of network and/or network addressable connection (e.g., using a web browser). 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , a set of functional abstraction layers provided by cloud computing environment  50  ( FIG. 2 ) is shown. It should be understood in advance that the components, layers, and functions shown in  FIG. 3  are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers and corresponding functions are provided: 
     Hardware and software layer  60  includes hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include mainframes. In one example, IBM® zSeries® systems and RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers. In one example, IBM pSeries® systems, IBM System X® servers, IBM BladeCenter® systems, storage devices, networks, and networking components. Examples of software components include network application server software. In one example, IBM WebSphere® application server software and database software. In one example, IBM DB2® database software. (IBM, zSeries, pSeries, System x, BladeCenter, WebSphere, and DB2 are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation registered in many jurisdictions worldwide.) 
     Virtualization layer  62  provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers; virtual storage; virtual networks, including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems; and virtual clients. 
     In one example, management layer  64  may provide the functions described below. Resource provisioning provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and pricing provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may comprise application software licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. Consumer portal provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such that required service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment provides pre-arrangement for, and procurement of, cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipated in accordance with an SLA. Further shown in management layer is computing resource scaling, which represents the functionality that is provided under the embodiments of the present invention. 
     Workloads layer  66  provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation; software development and lifecycle management; virtual classroom education delivery; data analytics processing; transaction processing; and consumer data storage and backup. As mentioned above, all of the foregoing examples described with respect to  FIG. 3  are illustrative only, and the invention is not limited to these examples. 
     It is understood that all functions of the present invention as described herein typically may be performed by the computing resource scaling functionality (of management layer  64 , which can be tangibly embodied as modules of program code  42  of program/utility  40  ( FIG. 1 ). However, this need not be the case. Rather, the functionality recited herein could be carried out/implemented and/or enabled by any of the layers  60 - 66  shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     It is reiterated that although this disclosure includes a detailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachings recited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather, the embodiments of the present invention are intended to be implemented with any type of networked computing environment now known or later developed. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4 , a system diagram capable of implementing the functionality discussed herein according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. It is understood that the teachings recited herein may be practiced within any type of networked computing environment  86  (e.g., a cloud computing environment  50 ). A stand-alone computer system  12  is shown in  FIG. 4  for illustrative purposes only. In the event the teachings recited herein are practiced in a networked computing environment  86 , each client need not have a computing resource scaling engine (engine  70 ). Rather, engine  70  could be loaded on a server or server-capable device that communicates (e.g., wirelessly) with the clients to provide device protection therefor. Regardless, as depicted, engine  70  is shown within computer system/server  12 . In general, engine  70  can be implemented as program/utility  40  on computer system  12  of  FIG. 1  and can enable the functions recited herein. As further shown, engine  70  (in one embodiment) comprises a rules and/or computational engine that processes a set (at least one) of rules  78  and/or provides confidence-based computing resource allocation hereunder. 
     Along these lines, engine  70  may perform multiple functions similar to a general-purpose computer. Specifically, among other functions, engine  70  may (among other things): receive a workload request  76  in a computer memory medium (e.g.,  40  of  FIG. 1 ) for a customer; identify a set of computing resources  72  (e.g., in a pool  74  of computing resources) available in the network computing environment  86  to process the workload request  76 ; detect a need to scale the set of computing resources based on a comparison of the set of computing resources to a level of computing resources needed to process the workload request (via engine  70  and rules  78  leveraging historical data or the like from storage device  82 ); access a resource scaling policy  80  associated with the customer; identify a set of pricing criteria in the resource scaling policy; scale (the set of computing resources  72  to process the workload request  76  based on the need and the set of pricing criteria; provision additional computing resources  88  to the set of computing resources  72  (e.g., add to pool  74 ) based on the need without exceeding the pricing constraint; de-provision computing resources from the set of computing resources to avoid exceeding the pricing constraint; and/or migrate data among the scaled set of computing resources. 
     Illustrative Example 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , an illustrative example of one possible way to implement the teachings recited herein is shown. As depicted, a workload processing unit  100  communicates with storage devices  102 A-B. It is assumed that workload processing unit  100  has been asked to process a set of workload requests. Under one embodiment of the present invention, the environment is monitored by engine  50  as indicated above. As such, the process may proceed as follows: 
     1. Engine  70  monitors customers resources 
     A. instances 
     B. storage 
     C. IP addresses 
     D. etc. 
     2. Engine  70  detects a need to scale existing resources 
     A. add resources 
     B. remove resources 
     3. Engine  70  looks up a policy of scalability for the customer. 
     4. If the policy has pricing considerations, the system determines the best scaling approach. 
     A. resource size
         1. x small=&gt;y large (e.g., replace a number of small resources with a larger resource)   2. y large=&gt;x small (e.g., replace a single large resource with a number of small resources)
 
5. Engine  70  requests any new resource(s).
 
6. Engine  70  migrates existing data from the old resource(s) to the new resource(s).
 
7. Any old/unused resource(s) may be “cleaned up”
       

     A. de-provisioned 
     B. stopped 
     C. removed 
     8. Engine  70  continues to monitor resource(s) for scalability concerns. 
       FIG. 6  depicts one possible solution in the event that storage units  102 A-B of  FIG. 5  are insufficient to process an incoming workload request. For example, assume that 25 GB of total storage are needed to process the incoming workload request while maintaining previous operations. As depicted, engine  70  has provisioned an additional 10 GB storage unit  102 C for an additional cost of $10.00/month. 
     However, assume that upon further analysis, engine  70  determines that the collective cost of $30.00/month for three storage units  102 A-C will exceed a pricing constraint of $27.00/month set forth in the associated customer&#39;s resource scaling policy. In such an event, engine  70  will examine other options. One such option is shown in  FIG. 7 . As depicted, instead of adding an additional storage unit to a pool of storage units, engine  70  has determined that utilizing a single larger 50 GB storage unit  104  at $25.00/month will provide the needed storage space while not exceeding the pricing constraint. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 8 , a method flow diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. As depicted, in step S 1 , a workload request is received in a computer memory medium for a customer. In step S 2 , set of computing resources available in the network computing environment to process the workload request is identified. In step S 3 , a need to scale the set of computing resources is detected based on a comparison of the set of computing resources to a level of computing resources needed to process the workload request. In step S 4 , a resource scaling policy associated with the customer is received. In step S 5 , a set of pricing criteria is identified in the resource scaling policy. In step S 6 , the set of computing resources is scaled to process the workload request based on the need and the set of pricing criteria. 
     While shown and described herein as a computing resource scaling solution, it is understood that the invention further provides various alternative embodiments. For example, in one embodiment, the invention provides a computer-readable/useable medium that includes computer program code to enable a computer infrastructure to provide computing resource scaling functionality as discussed herein. To this extent, the computer-readable/useable medium includes program code that implements each of the various processes of the invention. It is understood that the terms computer-readable medium or computer-useable medium comprise one or more of any type of physical embodiment of the program code. In particular, the computer-readable/useable medium can comprise program code embodied on one or more portable storage articles of manufacture (e.g., a compact disc, a magnetic disk, a tape, etc.), on one or more data storage portions of a computing device, such as memory  28  ( FIG. 1 ) and/or storage system  34  ( FIG. 1 ) (e.g., a fixed disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a cache memory, etc.). 
     In another embodiment, the invention provides a method that performs the process of the invention on a subscription, advertising, and/or fee basis. That is, a service provider, such as a Solution Integrator, could offer to provide computing resource scaling functionality. In this case, the service provider can create, maintain, support, etc., a computer infrastructure, such as computer system  12  ( FIG. 1 ) that performs the processes of the invention for one or more consumers. In return, the service provider can receive payment from the consumer(s) under a subscription and/or fee agreement and/or the service provider can receive payment from the sale of advertising content to one or more third parties. 
     In still another embodiment, the invention provides a computer-implemented method for computing resource scaling. In this case, a computer infrastructure, such as computer system  12  ( FIG. 1 ), can be provided and one or more systems for performing the processes of the invention can be obtained (e.g., created, purchased, used, modified, etc.) and deployed to the computer infrastructure. To this extent, the deployment of a system can comprise one or more of: (1) installing program code on a computing device, such as computer system  12  ( FIG. 1 ), from a computer-readable medium; (2) adding one or more computing devices to the computer infrastructure; and (3) incorporating and/or modifying one or more existing systems of the computer infrastructure to enable the computer infrastructure to perform the processes of the invention. 
     As used herein, it is understood that the terms “program code” and “computer program code” are synonymous and mean any expression, in any language, code, or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a computing device having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following: (a) conversion to another language, code, or notation; and/or (b) reproduction in a different material form. To this extent, program code can be embodied as one or more of: an application/software program, component software/a library of functions, an operating system, a basic device system/driver for a particular computing device, and the like. 
     A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code can be provided hereunder and can include at least one processor communicatively coupled, directly or indirectly, to memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can include, but are not limited to, local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories that provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution. Input/output and/or other external devices (including, but not limited to, keyboards, displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system either directly or through intervening device controllers. 
     Network adapters also may be coupled to the system to enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data processing systems, remote printers, storage devices, and/or the like, through any combination of intervening private or public networks. Illustrative network adapters include, but are not limited to, modems, cable modems, and Ethernet cards. 
     The foregoing description of various aspects of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed and, obviously, many modifications and variations are possible. Such modifications and variations that may be apparent to a person skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the accompanying claims.