Patent Publication Number: US-11029831-B2

Title: Providing complications on an electronic watch

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/230,096, filed on Apr. 25, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/872,136, filed on Sep. 30, 2015, and claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/171,978, filed Jun. 5, 2015; and is related to commonly owned U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/171,952, filed Jun. 5, 2015; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/171,917, filed Jun. 5, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     People often view historical and future information on a computer. Examples of historical information might be the scores of a football game at the end of each quarter. Examples of future information might be the weather forecast for the next few days or for the next few hours. Typically, such information would be provided in a list. 
     However, certain devices (e.g., a watch) can have a display screen of limited size, such that displaying a list of historical and/or future information is not practical. But, it is still desirable for a user of such small devices to conveniently obtain such information. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the present invention can allow an application to provide complication data to be displayed in a complication of a watch face. A client application can create a complication data object according to a template to efficiently select how the complication data is to be displayed. The complication data object can be sent to system routines of the watch, e.g., to a display manager. 
     In some embodiments, complication data for a particular complication can be arranged according to a template to create a complication data object. For example, a complication controller on the watch can receive new data and determine which template to use. Each template can be designated for displaying the data in different ways. System routines (e.g., a display manager) on the watch can be configured to identify the selected template and display the complication in the appropriate manner. The complication data object can be sent to the display manager using a public API. The display manager can determine certain aspects for displaying the complication data, e.g., a color and style of the current watch face. 
     Other embodiments are directed to systems, portable consumer devices, and computer readable media associated with methods described herein. 
     A better understanding of the nature and advantages of embodiments of the present invention may be gained with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  shows a first example watch face of an electronic watch according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 1B  shows a second example watch face of an electronic watch according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  shows a modular watch face of an electronic watch according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  shows a companion in communication with a watch according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4A  shows a flowchart of a method where the watch requests an update to complication data from a particular companion application according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4B  shows a flowchart of a method where a particular companion application provides an update to complication data to the watch according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5A  shows a watch having a watch face with a first set of templates according to embodiments of the present invention.  FIG. 5B  shows the watch face with a second set of templates according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating a method for displaying information on an electronic watch according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  shows a process for initializing and using templates to display data in a complication of a watch according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  shows a process of a companion providing new complication data to a watch according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a flowchart illustrating a method of a companion providing new complication data to a watch according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  shows a wearable watch device according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a simplified block diagram of an example companion or watch device according to embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     TERMS 
     A watch (or watch device or electronic watch) corresponds to any device that displays time. An example is a wristwatch or a pocket watch. A watch can have configurable watch faces. 
     A “watch face” corresponds to a particular layout for displaying a time and any complications. A device may have multiple watch faces defined for use. A “watch face” may be defined with time displayed in a particular manner, and include one or more “style windows.” 
     A “complication” is an item on a watch face that does not tell time, such as date, weather, atmospheric pressure, calendar information, etc. A particular complication corresponds to a particular application running on the device displaying the watch face. A complication can be displayed within a particular “style window” of a watch face. A “style window” can correspond to a part of a watch face that is designated to display a complication. In some embodiments, a user can configure a watch face by determining which data (e.g., by selecting a watch application) is to be displayed in a particular style window. 
     “Templates” can be defined for “style windows.” A style window can have one or more templates, with each template specifying data to be displayed in a different manner. Different data can also be displayed, or the same data, but displayed in a different manner. 
     A “companion” (or companion device) can correspond to any device that communicates with the watch. As examples a companion can correspond to a phone, a tablet, or a laptop computer. A companion can also be a server computer when the watch can communicate with a network. A “watch application” on the watch can have a corresponding “companion application” on the companion. For example, a new application on the companion can have a watch version on the watch, and the companion application can communicate with the watch application, e.g., via a “companion extension” that is part of the companion application. 
     A “complication controller” for a companion application can control a sending of updated complication data to the watch. The complication controller can be included in an extension of the companion application, where the extension enables communication on the watch. 
     A “travel time” refers to a past or future time that is selected by a user. The travel time would be different than a current time, and historical/future data corresponding to a selected travel time can be retrieved from memory of the watch to display to the user. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Systems, methods, and devices can allow applications to provide complication data to be displayed in a complication of a watch face. A client application can create a complication data object according to a template to efficiently select how the complication data is to be displayed. The complication data object can be sent to system routines of the watch, e.g., to a display manager. 
     In some embodiments, complication data for a particular complication can be arranged according to a template to create a complication data object. For example, a complication controller on the watch can receive new data and determine which template to use. Each template can be designated for displaying the data in different ways. System routines (e.g., a display manager) on the watch can be configured to identify the selected template and display the complication in the appropriate manner. The complication data object can be sent to the display manager using a public API. The display manager can determine certain aspects for displaying the complication data, e.g., a color and style of the current watch face. 
     There can be templates for each type of style window (corresponding to a complication) on a watch face. Each complication template can define what data should be provided by an application. An application can support various style windows and templates. The list of supported style windows can be provided in a watch application so that only available applications are provided to a user when configuring complications on a watch face. 
     When and how often to update the complication data can be governed by a variety of factors, which can be on a companion device or on the watch. Such factors can include communication budgets for applications, historical usage of applications by a user, current battery levels (and other system considerations), current usage, and user preferences. 
     I. Complications 
     Complications can allow a user to efficiently see other data besides time when looking at a watch face. On mechanical watches, the complications operate by moving gears in the mechanical watch that provide periodic information. In some embodiments, the electronic watch can be configured with a multitude of different complications, where data can be obtained from other devices. New applications that are installed on the watch can be used to add new complications to certain style windows of various watch faces. 
     A. Example Watch Faces with Complications 
       FIG. 1A  shows a first example watch face  105  of an electronic watch  100  according to embodiments of the present invention. Example watch face  105  shows a mechanical-style watch face with a minute hand and an hour hand. Example watch face  105  includes four complications  110 ,  112 ,  114 , and  116 . 
     Complication  110  shows a time for sunrise for the current day, or potentially for a following day. As shown, sunrise is to be at 7:10. An icon showing half the sun being visible indicates that the time is for sunrise. Complication  110  thus includes time data that changes and includes an image, which is typically static. Complication  110  could also be configured to show a sunset, or both a sunrise and a sunset. A direction of an arrow can designate sunrise or sunset. At some time after sunrise, complication  110  could change to show a time for sunset, and similarly after sunset, showing a time for sunrise for the next day. 
     Complication  112  shows a time for a particular location, New York City in this example. Here, the information for complication  112  can be derived from the current time of the current location of the watch. Other complications can require obtaining data from another device, e.g., a companion device. 
     Various complications may be used for different windows of a watch face. For example, for the window in the upper right corner, the complication could be a moon phase for how much of the moon will be visible that night. The moon phase can change periodically, e.g., once a day at a prescribed time. New data can be received at the prescribed time, and complication  112  can be updated. Complication  110  can also be updated at a prescribed time once new data has been received. 
     Complication  114  shows a current weather temperature, e.g., an outside temperature near electronic watch  100 . By current, this is the most recent weather temperature that was received. A temperature can be received from a weather application running on the watch or a companion device, which can obtain the temperature from a server that is in communication with a weather service. Such a weather service can be a private or public service that can have weather sensors near a location of electronic watch  100 . 
     How often a new temperature is received can depend on various factors, such as a current battery level of electronic watch  100 , power consumption to obtain the new weather temperature, and user preference as to how often the user would like to update the weather temperature. In various embodiments, the update of any complication can depend on one or more of these and other factors. 
     Complication  116  can show activity information for electronic watch  100 . As shown, there are three concentric rings, each having a different amount highlighted. Each ring can correspond to a different type of activity. Examples of types of activity include moving (e.g., walking), exercising (e.g., quicker motion than moving, such as running), and standing. The amount highlighted in a ring can correspond to an amount of that activity for a day completed relative to a goal amount. A completed ring can correspond to the goal amount being achieved. 
       FIG. 1B  shows a second example watch face  155  of an electronic watch  100  according to embodiments of the present invention. Second example watch face  155  corresponds to a modular watch face that shows digital time. Window  150  shows digital time with four digits. Various types of digital time can be shown, e.g., on a 24-hour basis or on a 12-hour basis with AM and PM designated. Example watch face  155  includes five complications  160 ,  162 ,  164 ,  166 , and  168 . 
     Complication  160  shows a day of the week and the date of the month. Thus, complication  160  shows two pieces of information. Such information can be generated by an application on electronic watch  100 , e.g., by a calendar application, and provided to second example watch face  155 . In some embodiments, the exact format for displaying the day and date can be configured by a user for a particular watch face or changed by selecting a different watch face. 
     Complication  162  shows calendar event information. Complication  162  can show various information, such as a day of the week, date, and/or time, along with information about any calendar events associated with the day and/or time. As another example, complication  162  can show the word “calendar” to indicate the type of data. Calendar event data can be shown for the associated day and/or time of day. For example, complication  162  can show a title of an event starting at a time, which is also displayed. Another example includes displaying a number of events after a certain time. 
     As shown, complication  164  shows a current weather temperature. Complication  166  shows concentric rings for an amount of completion of activity. Complication  168  shows a battery level. Other example complications include an alarm time, a timer (different symbol from the alarm), a stopwatch, a world clock to get time in another time zone (e.g., for a specific city), and stock quotes. 
     Further examples can include any application, e.g., by a third party, that can provide complication data in a template format. Such third party complications can be formed from various applications, such as for news, social media, sports, and weather. 
     In some implementations, certain complications can receive updated data (e.g., in a template format) and a display routine for a watch face can determine how to display the updated data. In some embodiments, once a time travel mode has been enabled, a complication can change in response to user input for selecting a historical and/or future time. Such new data can be received by the complication from an application running on the watch or from an application running on another device, which may be communicated with the watch application. 
     B. Watch Face with Style Windows 
     On mechanical watches, the set of complications on the watch are fixed. If one wanted different complications, then a new watch would need to be purchased. Whereas on an electronic watch, a user can select a particular watch face from a list of available watch faces. Different watch faces can have different layouts of complications, different numbers of complications, and different sizes of windows for displaying the complications. The windows of a watch face can be referred to style windows, where a particular watch face can correspond to a particular style. 
       FIG. 2  shows a modular watch face  205  of an electronic watch  200  according to embodiments of the present invention. Modular watch face  205  includes a time window  210  and five style windows  220 - 228  for complications. Modular watch face  205  is shown with a particular layout of complications. Different style windows can be of different sizes and show different amounts of data. For example, style window  222  can show more data as it is larger than style windows  224 - 228 . Thus, a user might want to configure style window  222  to show a complication corresponding to an application that needs to show more than one piece of data, e.g., show more than one number. 
     One or more display windows (which may correspond to a style window) of a watch face can overlap with each other such that a graphic from one display window can be overlaid on top of a graphic from another display window. For example, time window  210  can show time over a graphic (e.g., a position of the Earth or the sun) that corresponds to the current time. 
     In some embodiments, a user can enter a customize mode where a complication can be selected for displaying in a particular style window. Electronic watch  200  can include a digital crown  230  for selecting a complication to appear in a selected window. Different style windows can have different templates for displaying (formatting) information. A same style window can be used for more than one watch face. Different style windows can have different shapes and different aspect ratios. A same style window could have different sizes. 
     Example style windows for complications include: small (e.g., for analog watch faces, such as  112 ), small modular, large modular, small utility (e.g., rectangular for analog watch faces), large utility, and circular. A style window can be considered a container for displaying a complication. Thus, a same application can display different information in different types of style windows, resulting in different complications for different style windows of a same watch face. Further examples of watch faces are below. 
     C. Other Example Watch Faces 
     An astronomy watch face can display one or more graphic complications for the solar system (e.g., position of moon, sun, Earth, or other planets), day, date, and current time. In some implementations, there are no complications to customize, while complications can be customized in other implementations. In some embodiments, one or more of the graphic complications can change in response to user input, e.g., moving digital crown  230 . For example, a user can move the planets forward and backward in time by turning the digital crown  230 . 
     A solar watch face can display the sun&#39;s current position in the sky on a curved line based on a current location and the time of day. In some embodiments (e.g., using a digital crown), a user can move the sun across the curve to see it at dusk, dawn, zenith (solar noon), sunset, and darkness (solar midnight). The face&#39;s colors can change over the course of the day to match the time. 
     In some embodiments, time can be displayed using such physical features, with no digital time or analog time being displayed. For example, a position of the sun can indicate a time, and thus correspond to time information. Other complications can then be added to such a watch face. 
     A chronograph watch face can be modeled on analog watches with two hands: one for total time and a second for lap times. A customizable timescale can measure long and short time periods. Different watch faces can have different complications available. For example, a chronograph watch face might have a particular set of complications available, such as: date, calendar, moon phase, sunrise and sunset, weather, stocks, activity summary, alarm, timer, battery life, and world clock. A particular set of third party complications can also be used. 
     A color watch face can provide the time in a range of bright colors that can be changed to suit a user&#39;s mood, e.g., using a digital crown to choose a color. In some embodiments, watch faces with options for complications can allow a user to not select a complication for a style window, thereby leaving the window blank. Some watch faces can add pictures or a character in a representation of an analog watch face. Further, a graphic complication can provide motion video, e.g., of an object in nature. 
     A watch can allow configuration of any watch face, and a user can save a particular configuration for a customized watch face. Such configuration can include settings such as color and layout of the particular watch face. The customization can also include particular complications chosen for a configuration. In one example of customizing a watch face, a display screen of the watch can be firmly pressed, and then a user can swipe to a particular direction to access an add input (e.g., a + icon). A user can swipe up and down to browse the faces and tap the one the user wishes to add. The user can then customize the face to the user&#39;s preferences. A watch face can be deleted by firmly pressing the display, swiping to the face not wanted, then swiping up and tapping delete. 
     II. Communication with Companion 
     An electronic watch can communicate with a companion device to obtain updated information, e.g., for a complication. For example, a sports application can execute on a companion device, retrieve sports data from a server, and provide the sports data to the watch for displaying in a complication. Various mechanisms can exist on the companion device and the watch to control how and when such complication data is provided. 
     To obtain new complication data, a companion application may need to be woken up (launched). Embodiments can determine triggers for launching a companion application, e.g., based on previous uses of the companion application or a corresponding watch application. Once a particular companion application is launched, the companion can instruct the particular companion application to obtain new data, e.g., from a server. New complication data can also be pushed by a server. Modules on the companion can determine when to send the complication data, e.g., based on any one or more of usage of both devices, power states of both devices, and user preferences. A watch application and/or system routines on the watch can process the new complication data, e.g., determining how to display. And, then the new complication data can be displayed. 
     A. System Diagram 
       FIG. 3  shows a companion  310  in communication with a watch  320  according to embodiments of the present invention. Lines in  FIG. 3  correspond to communications that occur in either direction. 
     An application package for a particular software application can include software components for companion  310  and for watch  320 , e.g., a companion application  312  and a watch application  322 , respectively. For example, a news application from a particular publisher (e.g., for a particular newspaper, TV show, or website) can have one component that runs on companion  310  and a corresponding component that runs on watch  320 . In addition, the software application can include an application extension (not shown). The application extension can be used for communications between the watch application  322  and the companion application  312 . The application extension can execute on the watch or the companion. These software components can execute independently or together, e.g., as part of providing updated complication data to watch  320 . In other embodiments, the software components can be downloaded separately to the two devices. Companion application  312  and watch application  322  are examples of client applications. 
     Companion application  312  can function as a standalone application that operates on companion  310  without any need to interact with watch  320 . Companion application  312  may include an extension that is used to communicate with watch  320 . Such an extension could be downloaded and installed separately from companion application, e.g., to provide add-on functionality. 
     A watch communications daemon (WCD)  316  can determine how communications are to occur with watch  320 . WCD  316  can determine a particular manner for sending any data (e.g., complication data) from companion application  312  to watch  320 . For example, WCD  316  can determine which watch applications are currently running, and only send data to a particular watch application when that watch application is running. If the particular watch application is not running, then the data can be queued. As other examples, WCD  316  can perform background process for sending data (e.g., files) according to specified rules, e.g., send data for a specified amount of time, and when not finished then pause (e.g., so that other data can be sent). 
     WCD  316  can also process any data such that the data is in a format that can be determined by watch  320 . For example, companion application  312  may send the data in a same format regardless of the destination device, and WCD  316  can translate the data into a format suitable for a watch. For example, only higher level communication options may be exposed to the companion applications, and all of the lower-level options available to a companion transport daemon (CTD)  318  may not be exposed to the companion application. WCD  316  can perform the translation between the higher-level concepts in low-level features of CTD  318 . Other daemons can do processing for other types of devices. 
     WCD  316  can also translate data received from watch  320  into a format that is readable by companion application  312 , or any companion application. WCD  316  can also interpret one or more request commands from watch  320 , where the request commands request data (e.g., complication data) from companion application  312 , or other companion applications. WCD  316  can then send a request for the data in a suitable format to the companion application. WCD  316  can interact with an application manager (not shown) that can launch a companion application, if needed. 
     CTD  318  can transmit data to and receive data from watch  320 . WCD  316  can provide logic for determining specifically how to communicate with watch  320 , while CTD  318  can communicate with various other devices besides a watch. CTD  318  may be an identity services daemon, e.g., as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/475,060 entitled “Proxied Push” filed Sep. 2, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. WCD  316  and CTD  318  can be part of an operating system of companion  310 . 
     If WCD  316  determines that data should not be sent, WCD  316  may decide not to provide the data to CTD  318 . WCD  316  can do this in a variety of ways. For example, WCD  316  may not inform companion application  312  the data should be sent. As another example, WCD  316  can inform companion application  312  that the data cannot be sent, and thus companion application  312  can wait until later to try and send the data. In yet another example, WCD  316  can queue the data. WCD  316  can further track which data has not been sent, and potentially remind companion application  312  at a later time. 
     A companion sampling daemon (CSD)  319  can track interactions of the user with the device as events, and determine predictive interactions and respond proactively. CSD  319  can be in communication with other modules on companion  310 , e.g., an application manager. For example, CSD  319  can determine when a particular companion application should retrieve data for sending to watch  320 , e.g., when to obtain new complication data as part of an update. As another example, CSD  319  can track user interactions with watch  320  (e.g., by receiving tracking information from watch  320 ) and determine when to retrieve and send data to watch  320 . CSD  319  can perform such determinations by creating models and determining prediction probabilities for how a user might interact with companion  310 . Further details for sampling demons and a transport daemon (e.g., a push daemon) can be found in U.S. Patent Publication 2014/0366041. 
     In some embodiments, CTD  318  can queue data in queue  317  to preserve battery life of watch  320 , and send the queued data when other data is requested by watch  320  or when other data is sent to watch  320  (e.g., when certain high-priority data is sent or a sufficient amount of data is to be sent). For example, certain data (or certain companion applications) can be flagged to allow sending of data at times when other data would not be sent, e.g., regardless of a current state of watch  320 . When CTD  318  cues the data, WCD  316  can store a record of what the content is, so that when a response is received in response to a particular message, the response can be associated with a particular message that was sent. 
     A watch transport daemon (WTD)  328  on watch  320  can communicate data sent to/from CTD  318 . A companion communications daemon (CCD)  326  can provide protocols for specifically communicating with companion  310 . CCD  326  can provide translation of communications to and from watch applications, such as watch application  322 . A watch sampling demon (WSD)  329  can track previous user interactions with watch  320  in a similar manner that CSD  319  can track user interactions with companion  310 . WSD  329  can also make predictions for how a user might interact with watch  320 . In response to such predictions, WSD  329  can cause data to be requested from companion  310 . 
     Watch application  322  can include a style window support list  323  that identifies the style windows that watch application  322  supports. Certain watch applications may only support certain style windows. In some embodiments, if a watch application supports a style window, the support applies for all watch faces that use that particular style window. In one embodiment, watch application  322  can run code from a developer in an extension, and the system can provide code that ensures data from the developer&#39;s code is interpreted properly by system modules, such as display manager  340 . 
     A complication controller  325  can determine how and when complication data is sent to a display manager  340 , which can manage displaying of data on a screen of watch  320 . Complication  334  can be generated as an object on a watch face  330 , and complication  334  can be specifically associated with watch application  322 . The complication data can be sent from companion application  312  through various components over to watch application  322 . In some embodiments, complication controller  325  can determine a specific template corresponding to a style window being used to display complication  334 . 
     Complication controller  325  can create a complication data object according to the selected template, and send the complication data object to display manager  340 . Display manager  340  can identify the template that is used to identify the new complication data. Based on the specific template used, display manager  340  can determine how to display the new complication data, e.g., using other settings for watch face  330 , such as color or presentation style. 
     In some embodiments, when watch application  322  is launched in the foreground, a command can be sent to companion  310  to launch companion application  312  so that any data can be transferred between the two applications. In one example, watch application  322  can launch and receive user input to transfer one or more files from companion  310  using companion application  312 . When watch application  322  is only running in the background, watch application  322  can be disabled from launching companion application  312 . 
     Companion  310  and/or watch  320  can track which applications currently provide complication data to watch face  330 . Such information can be used to determine which applications can transfer data between companion  310  and watch  320 . Further, watch  320  can determine which watch applications can support a particular style window, e.g., by looking at the support lists in each of the watch applications. Such information can be used when configuring a watch face. 
     Complication controller  325  can provide a preferred data refresh rate for how often the data in a complication is to be refreshed. This data refresh rate can be used to determine how often to request data from companion  310 , or how often companion  310  is to send data to watch  320 . In various embodiments, CSD  319  and WSD  329  can use the data refresh rate along with other factors (e.g., power state and other predicted user interactions) to determine how often to update complication  334  on watch face  330 . Thus, the preferred refresh rate can be overridden based on system considerations (power, etc.). The preferred refresh rate can be defined in various ways, e.g., a time for a next update, an amount of updates per time period, an amount of data per time period, and like, as well as a combination thereof. In some embodiments, complication controller  325  can make an interactive request to obtain new complication data. 
     Display manager  340  can show the icons of watch apps and host the watch faces. Display manager  340  can act as a carousel application to provide information when needed. In some embodiments, display manager  340  can access complication data in a memory  342 , which may store historical and/or future complication data. Memory  342  can be various types of memory and include different memory modules of different types for different purposes. For example, memory  342  can include a cache that acts as operating memory for currently running processes and include a persistent memory (e.g., flash memory) that can store data after a device is turned off. 
     Display manager  340  can know the companion applications that can provide complication data to watch face  330 , and decide, based on resources, when to wake up a particular companion application. In other implementations, such a determination can be made by WSD  329 , which may be in communication with display manager  340 , or made by both. Display manager  340  can determine how long to cache the data in memory  342  to keep watch face  330  responsive, but also not bogged down with excessive caching. 
     Companion application  312  can get updated complication data from server  360 . Different companion applications can correspond with different servers. Thus, a server might provide updated data for a particular complication. A server might be associated with a particular topic (also called a feed). 
     In one example, assume there are two watch faces with five different complications on each watch face, and a user switches to a different watch face. A list of active complications can be updated on companion  310  and/or watch  320 . Companion  310  can inform any servers associated with an active complication (e.g., based on active topics), and inform any servers that were associated with an active complication but are no longer. The servers can now change a deliberate priority for pushes to companion  310  based on the active state of a complication on watch  320 . For example, a server for a complication on an active list would have pushes to companion  310  be low priority. Such low priority data can be sent to watch  320  only when it is awake or when other data is sent, as can data sent from server  360  to companion  310 , while messages that are for the currently active complications can get a special treatment where they can wake up watch  320 . In some implementations, high priority messages from server  360  can wake up companion  310 , whereas lower priority ones can wait until companion  310  wakes up. 
     In some embodiments, messages with a regular or low priority on companion  310  can be sent to watch  320  when the watch requests data, or other data is being sent. For example, a user may have requested the file to be transferred, and other messages can be sent at that time since watch  320  is known to be awake. Messages can increase in priority the longer they wait in the queue, and finally be transferred immediately when a connection is made to watch  320 , if the amount of time has become sufficiently long. 
     In other embodiments than shown in  FIG. 3 , companion application  312  can have an app extension that is designated for communicating with a watch. The application package can include a companion application, an app extension, and a watch application, which may include an interface file specifying how data of the watch application is displayed. In some embodiments, companion  310  can help to install a watch application on watch  320  by downloading the application package and providing the watch application to watch  320 . 
     B. Getting Updates on Companion 
     New data destined for watch  320  can be received at companion  310  in a variety of ways. The corresponding companion application can be launched to obtain the data. The companion application can be launched in response to a push from a server, e.g., with the latest score of a sports game. As another example, a companion application can be launched in response to a signal from CSD  319 , which may be determined that the user is likely to use the companion application and thus the companion application can be launched in the background. Once the companion application is launched, data can be obtained by a push or pull from server. This data can then be sent over to watch  320  according to protocols described above. 
     In one embodiment, a preferred refresh rate can be sent from watch  320  to companion  310 , and a corresponding companion application can periodically fetch the new data from a server. For example, current weather information can be retrieved every hour. In some implementations, CSD  319  may still determine whether or not the preferred refresh rate is going to be honored. A priority of a particular companion application might be used to determine whether to honor the preferred refresh rate. The preferred refresh rate can be based on a developer&#39;s settings and/or user input. Thus, CSD  319  may give more weight to the preferred refresh rate for companion applications with higher priority. 
     1. Background Process on Companion 
     In some embodiments, a companion application can choose to opt into being launched in the background to obtain new complication data to send to a watch. The companion application can be periodically launched based on an analysis, e.g., by CSD  319 . A companion application can be allotted a certain budget for an amount of data and/or power that can be used in updating data on the watch (e.g., complication data). 
     As an example background process, CSD  319  can track that a user launches a particular companion application or watch application at a particular time every day, e.g., 9:00 AM. CSD  319  can cause the particular companion application to launch and obtain the new data, and push the new data to the watch. Thus, whether user launches the watch application or views a watch face with a complication corresponding to the watch application, the data is readily available. 
     2. Pushes from Server 
     A server can send pushes for things like showing a notification or telling a user that there is new content to fetch. In some embodiments, a server can inform the companion application that there is an update for complication. The message to inform the companion application can include the updated data for the complication. For example, an update to a sports game can be pushed from the server to companion  310 , and then push to watch  320 . 
     When a push comes into the companion and is received by WCD  316 , the corresponding companion application can be launched. The companion application can process the data, and then send a request to WCD  316  to send any data to watch  320 , e.g., send new complication data. Then, depending on any associated scheduling determined by CSD  319 , a push message can be sent to watch  320 . Watch  320  can receive the push message, and wake up the corresponding watch application. The corresponding complication controller can then provide an updated complication data object to display manager  340  for updating the corresponding complication. The operations on the watch can be the same regardless of how companion  310  obtains the data. 
     C. Getting Updates to Watch 
     The companion and watch can exchange information to determine how often to update the complications. In various embodiments, logic in either device can determine an appropriate time for updating the complication data. 
     In some embodiments, a companion application can send preferences for when and how often the companion application would like to update the complication data, e.g., by specifying a refresh rate. The watch (e.g., by WSD  329  and/or display manager  340 ) can then determine when to request an update to a complication. The watch can ask the companion for the updated complication data at different points in time, e.g., based on battery level, power consumption, user preferences, and the like. Further, certain actions on the watch can prompt a request from the companion, e.g., when the watch application is launched in the foreground. 
     In other embodiments, the companion application can determine whether to send the complication data to the watch, e.g., based on preferences received from the watch. The companion application  312  corresponds to an active complication, such a companion application can be allowed more budget for sending messages to the watch. 
     The refresh rate can vary for different companion applications. For example, some complications can refresh every few minutes for certain periods of time, and other complications may only update a few times a day or less. For example, an application that identifies a birthday would likely refresh no more than once a day. Thus, a companion application may have long periods of downtime with no refreshes. Whereas, a social media application could refresh many times during the day, and a user may want to see many of those refreshes. 
     Both devices can balance an amount of expected refreshes according to an expected number of refreshes for the complications on an active watch face. In some embodiments, the companion application can have a brief window that may be allowed to update frequently. But, for power reasons, the complications may not be updated frequently for long periods of time. 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  show flowcharts illustrating steps performed by the companion and the watch for updating applications on the watch with new data. 
     1. Pull 
       FIG. 4A  shows a flowchart of a method  400  where the watch (e.g., by WSD  329  and/or display manager  340 ) requests an update to complication data from a particular companion application (app) according to embodiments of the present invention. Various blocks of method  400  can be optional. Method  400  relates to updating a particular complication that corresponds to a particular companion application. 
     At block  402 , the companion application can send refresh preferences. Examples of refresh preferences can include a refresh rate, a starting time for updating complication data (e.g., for a given day or date), and an ending time for updating complication data. The companion application can know that the refresh preferences are simply preferences, and that the actual refresh rate from the watch may differ. 
     In some embodiments, a complication controller in the companion application can provide the refresh preferences. The complication controller can determine the refresh preferences based on information obtained from the companion app, e.g., expected rates of change of the data and the nature of the data (e.g., certain times the data may be expected to change, as may occur for sporting events). 
     At block  404 , an internal trigger is received. The internal trigger can be generated within the watch, e.g., when it determines a suitable time to update the complication data with a particular companion application. Such a determination can be based on the particular application refresh preferences and a current state of the watch (e.g., battery life, whether in active use by a user, or how much power such the refresh will use), and may be determined by WSD  329 . In some implementations, a user can explicitly request an update to a complication, e.g., by selecting via touch or otherwise activating the complication, such as by voice. 
     At block  406 , the watch can request new complication data, e.g., via WTD  328 . CTD  318  can identify that the message corresponds to WCD  316 , e.g., because the communication came from the watch. WCD  316  can identify the corresponding companion application. Along with the request for the complication data, the watch can ask for any new refresh preferences. Thus, in some embodiments, the companion application can provide new refresh preferences. 
     At block  408 , the companion application can obtain new complication data in response to the request. For example, companion application  312  can retrieve the complication data from a server. In some implementations, the companion application can request the new complication data from a server, or such new complication data can be pushed to the companion, e.g., periodically. In other implementations, the new complication data can already have been stored by the companion. For example, the companion application can periodically request such data from a server, such as obtaining top news stories on a periodic basis. The companion can make a request to the server to determine any new items, and only obtain items now restored by the companion. 
     The companion can also determine whether to obtain the new complication data. For example, the companion can decide based on a state of the companion, e.g., battery level per connection state to a network. Thus, a management process of the companion (e.g., CSD  319 ) can determine whether the companion application gets to run or stops running. 
     When the new complication data is obtained, the companion application (e.g., by a complication controller) can create an update object that includes the new complication data. The update object can specify a particular template for displaying the new data. In other embodiments, the watch application can specify the particular template. 
     At block  410 , the companion can determine whether to send the new complication data. Such a determination can be made by a WCD  316 , which can track the complications that are in current use by the watch, and potentially be affected by other state information about the watch (e.g., a connectivity state and resources), as may be determined by CSD  319 . Such a determination can be selectively made, e.g., the new complication data may have taken more than a threshold amount of time to obtain, and thus operations of the watch may have changed. Such a determination can also be made with respect to other communications involving the watch, e.g., a file may be in the process of being transferred. 
     At block  412 , the new complication data is sent to the watch, e.g., when it has been determined that the new complication data can be sent. New refresh preferences can also be sent in a same time, e.g., in a same message. The new preferences can specify a preferred time for when the watch is to request the next update for the particular complication application. 
     At block  414 , the watch can update the corresponding complication. In some embodiments, the new complication data can be sent in a specific format (e.g., from a complication controller in the watch) that identifies a particular template for displaying the data in a corresponding style window. A display manager can interpret the data corresponding to the particular template in an update of the complication. The particular template may be one of the plurality of predetermined templates for the style window selected for showing the complication. The display manager can use a particular template along with other settings of the watch face (e.g., color). 
     In this manner, the watch can control how often the complication data is updated. Otherwise, a companion application corresponding to a complication on an active watch face can cause unwanted processing on the watch. Such control of the complication data can reduce instances where the watch gets unnecessarily slowed down by new data from companion applications. 
     As an example, a complication can correspond to a sports application, which may provide scores for a particular game. In such an example, an app extension of the sports application can send user preferences to the watch, indicating a particular start time for when updated scores may be desired for showing in the complication. The watch may then not send any requests for new data until the start time, and thus the watch can save power. 
     The user preferences of the sports application can also indicate a preferred refresh rate once the game starts. An application may have a certain allotment of refreshes to a complication during a day, then thus the sports application can determine a particular refresh rate based on an expected length of time for the game for its given allotment of refreshes. The watch can then send requests based on the preferred refresh rate, and the sports application can retrieve the scores at that time or provide the scores if the scores had previously been retrieved. 
     2. Push 
       FIG. 4B  shows a flowchart of a method  450  where a particular companion application provides an update to complication data to the watch according to embodiments of the present invention. Various blocks of method  450  can be optional. Method  450  can be performed in logic of the companion to manage transmission of new data to the watch, e.g., so as not to overburden the watch and drain the battery. 
     At block  452 , the watch can send refresh preferences to the corresponding companion application. The refresh preferences can be sent at various times, e.g., once a day or multiple times during the day. The refresh preferences can include current state information of the watch, which may be used by the companion to determine an appropriate refresh rate for pushing new data to the watch. As examples, the refresh preferences can be determined by display manager  340  and/or WSD  329 . 
     At block  454 , a trigger can be received by the companion. In various embodiments, the trigger can be a periodic trigger generated by a system routine on the companion (e.g., a watch communications daemon) or by the companion application. As another example, the companion application can receive a push from the server when new data occurs (e.g., a new score happens). This new score can act as a trigger to send new complication data to the watch. Such uses for when a new score happens may be suitable for certain sports with low-scoring, such as soccer and hockey, and potentially football. Updating only when there is a score can save battery life, compared to periodic refreshes. Even with scoring updates, updates may be provided at certain times, e.g., at end of quarters or at halftime. 
     At block  456 , new complication data can be obtained. The new data can be obtained in a variety of ways. The new data can be obtained (e.g., by companion application  312 ) from a server after the trigger has been received, e.g., when the trigger is a periodic, internal trigger. The new complication data can also be received as a push from a corresponding server (e.g., a server a user has subscribed to for push notifications), where a notification of the new data can act as a trigger. 
     At block  458 , the companion determines whether the new data can be sent for the particular companion application. This determination can be made by various modules, e.g., by a watch communications daemon (WCD). The WCD can track which watch applications are running, e.g., by tracking which complications are being used on an active watch face. If an active watch complication corresponds to the companion application providing the new data, then the WCD can determine if it is suitable to send the new data. The WCD can manage the number of updates to ensure that the number of updates does not violate any policy limits for updating complications. 
     In some embodiments, WCD can wait until the watch initiates communication with the companion, and then send any new data. In this manner, the companion knows that the watch is awake and there is no concern about having to wake the watch up with a push. In other embodiments, a push can be allowed, e.g., for a companion application or messages flagged as special. When a message is flagged as special, the companion can know that the message can be pushed to the watch to wake up the corresponding watch application, e.g., when a corresponding complication is active on a watch face. 
     At block  460 , the new data is sent to the watch, e.g., as in block  412 . 
     At block  462 , the complication is updated, e.g., as in block  414 . 
     In one example, a companion application can be budgeted to send 30 or 40 (or other number) updates to the watch per day. If a companion application knows that there is a particular window of activity (e.g., for a sports game), the companion application can budget updates to allow for more updates during the window. A weather application, however, might spread updates evenly across the entire day. 
     D. Providing Watch Information to Companion 
     Watch information can also be sent to the companion. A user might specifically request data to be sent to the companion. As another example, background modes can be used to queue up content that will be delivered to the companion at some time. This may occur when the watch is generating content, and once the data is queued up, that content can be transferred over to the companion. For example, if the watch was tracking health data, the watch can have some sort of process for determining when it is appropriate to send over the data. Such a process can be managed by WSD  329 . 
     E. Budgets 
     CSD  319  and WSD  329  can use budgets for determining what actions are to be performed by the companion and the watch. As examples, there can be three budgets involved for communications between the devices. There is how many messages can be sent in one day in total between a server and the companion, for a particular application, and for a particular type of message (e.g., push by a server or a request from the companion). Another class of budget is how many times the system chooses to launch an application in the background, e.g., to obtain new data or process the new data. Another class of budget is how many times messages can be sent between the companion and the watch in one day in total between the watch and the companion, for a particular application, and for a particular type of message (e.g., push by companion or a request from the watch). 
     As an example, for a weather application, it may only need to check at certain times, e.g., 9:00 a.m. because that is when the user wakes up. But, the weather application may want to update every hour, but that may be too much for the budget determined by a sampling daemon. In some embodiments, there can be a hybrid model where an application wants to update every half an hour, but the application also wants to be able to receive pushes. A budget can be tracked across both devices, e.g., a complication budget for actions on both devices. 
     If a budget is used up, certain updates at the end of the day may not be sent. For example, if an application wants an update every 10 minutes, then towards the end of that day, the budget may be used up. Further, the messages at the end of the day may not be allowed to be high priority because they consumed the budget doing the scheduled update. 
     CSD  319  can determine whether a message is to be sent based on the budget, e.g., whether a message is sent through WCD  316 . The message can go through immediately when CSD approves, but otherwise the message can be queued, e.g., in queue  317 . Or, the message can be dropped and the companion application can try later. 
     III. Templates 
     Complication data for a particular complication can be arranged according to a template to create a complication data object. For example, a complication controller (e.g.,  325  of  FIG. 3 ) on the watch can receive new data and determine which template to use. Each template can be designated for displaying the data in different ways. System routines (e.g., a display manager) on the watch can be configured to identify the selected template and display the complication in the appropriate manner. The complication data object can be sent to the display manager (e.g.,  340  of  FIG. 3 ) using a public API. The display manager can determine certain aspects for displaying the complication data, e.g., a color and style of the current watch face. 
     Each style window can have a plurality of templates (e.g., 5-15) that may be used with the style window. For example, a style window of a watch face could have eight different templates that could be used. Each template could have a different name for including in the corresponding complication data object, so as to identify the template being used. In some implementations, different templates can provide different amounts of data. For example, one template might provide three pieces of text data, and another template could provide just one piece of text data, or provide five pieces of text data. The different pieces of text data could be of different sizes within a template and vary from template to template. Other templates can include numbers, images, and combinations of any of the data types. 
       FIG. 5A  shows a watch  500  having watch face  505  with a first set of templates according to embodiments of the present invention. Watch face  505  has style windows  520  and  522 , as well as other style windows. Style window  520  has a first watch application selected for displaying the corresponding complication, and style window  522  has a second watch application selected for displaying the corresponding complication. In some embodiments, the larger style window  522  might have more available templates than style window  520 , as there are more possibilities with the larger window. 
     Style window  520  shows a template  530  that combines a number (signified by the “#” sign) and an image according to the first watch application. The image corresponds to a circle with a filled portion that corresponds to the number. The number can be defined to be between 0-100 (e.g., as a percentage), with 100 providing a completely filled circle. Such a template might be used for an activity tracking application, e.g., for tracking a percentage of steps achieved toward a goal. The number is shown in a small size for the text. 
     Style window  522  shows a template  532  that uses five pieces of text data according to the second watch application. The five pieces of text are shown in a first size, e.g., a small size. Such text could be any text that the second application decides to display. The text can include letters, symbols, numbers, etc. 
     As an example for a sports application, the centered top text could indicate a sports league, and the other four pieces of data might show scores of a particular game. As another example for an investing application, the centered top text could indicate a stock exchange, and the other four pieces of data can show prices for four stocks from the exchange. 
       FIG. 5B  shows the watch face  505  with a second set of templates according to embodiments of the present invention. Style window  520  shows a different template  540  for the first watch application. In this other template option, the number is shown larger, and without the image of a partially filled circle. 
     Style window  522  shows a different template  542  for the second watch application. In this other template option, there are only two pieces of text. The top text is smaller and the lower text is in a larger font. Such a template might be suitable for a calendar application, with the top text providing the date, and the lower text providing information about an event for the given date and time. 
     In some embodiments, a watch application (e.g., via a complication controller) can determine which template to use. In other embodiments, options for the templates may be selected by a user. For example, after a user selects which application to use for a complication, the user can be provided with template options for how data from the application are to be displayed. Suitable options for the corresponding watch application can be displayed. Thus, the list of templates possible for a style window can be filtered by the corresponding watch application so that only templates suitable for the application are shown. 
     A. Definition 
     As mentioned above, a complication data object can be defined according to a specific template so that the complication data is displayed in a desired manner. Different templates can use different numbers of pieces of data. Thus, a particular template would have a fixed number of pieces of data. If a different number of pieces of data were used, then it would correspond to a different template. The various template specifications can be published, along with how the templates are displayed (e.g., as screen captures), so that a developer of a watch application can determine which templates are suitable for a particular application, and therefore which templates should be supported. 
     A template can be specified using a particular name. For example, the fourth template for a first style window can be specified as “1.4,” which can be provided as a title or header in the complication data object. After the title/header, the pieces of data can be provided in a particular order. The order can impact how a piece of data is to be displayed. For example, the first piece of data for template  532  can correspond to the data to be displayed centered at the top. Or, for template  542 , the second piece of data can be designated for displaying as the large text. Each piece of data in a template can be allotted a certain space (e.g., a certain length) for being displayed. 
     In some embodiments, a template can be defined as a particular class object. The class can be specified by the name of the template, and the particular class can have a specified number of pieces of data. The complication data object can thus represent a particular instance of the desired class object. A particular syntax can be used for specifying the template to use, and provide the corresponding data. In one example, a class object can include: title text on a first line, then data on line two can correspond to data to be displayed in column one, and then data on line three can correspond to data to be displayed in column two, and so on. In some implementations, a template could specify a font size (e.g., a relative font size between two pieces of text). In other implementations, the font size can be fixed for a specific piece of data for a given template. 
     As mentioned above, the style windows can include “small,” “small modular,” “large modular,” “small utility,” “large utility,” and “circular,” as examples. These names can be used as part of a template name. For example, a template could be “small.one” or “small.1” to specify the first template for the small style window. These names can be used in a complication data object in the name, so as to specify which template is to be used. A display manager for the watch can read the name, and thus determine which template is being provided. 
     B. Various Types of Templates 
     As mentioned above, various templates can include images, text, numbers, symbols, and the like, and combinations thereof. An image might be a static image, e.g., a particular logo of a company that is associated with the particular application. Such an image can be designated for displaying in a particular part of the window for the complication. 
     In other implementations, the image might be dependent on one of the pieces of data. For example, the image can correspond to a particular number. Template  530  is an example of this. The specific image may not be provided by the complication data object, as the image may be defined by the system. But, the complication data object can specify the exact form for the image by providing the number, which could be a floating point number from 0 and 1. 
     As another example, a template could display particular text of a template as incorporated into an image. For instance, a letter could be displayed inside of circle, as may be used to designate a particular bus line, or other public transportation. The letter could be in one color and the circle could be in another color. A template could specify an image to use, e.g., a circle or square for surrounding the text. A template could include an image over which the data (e.g., text or a number) is to be displayed. A mail application could provide an icon and a number signifying a number of messages, where the number is displayed in a specified manner over the icon. 
     IV. Configuring Watch Face for Complications 
     A user can configure the style windows on a watch face to show the desired information. For each style window, a user can select an application for displaying data as a complication. At this time, the user could be provided with template options for how the user would like the complications for the particular application displayed. The template options could be provided in a visual format. As other examples, the template options could be provided in a text format or as questions. For instance, a user could be asked whether a plot of completion percentage is to be displayed. As an alternative, the selected application can determine a best template to use. 
     A. Support List for an Application 
     As mentioned for  FIG. 3 , an application can include a style window support list. The style window support list can advertise the style windows for which the application can provide complication data. The developer of the watch application can determine which style windows are suitable for the application, and then determine which templates of a particular style window to use. In some implementations, as long as the application supports at least one template of a style window, that style window can show up in the style window support list for the application. 
     A watch application can also include a template support list, which could be provided as a single list in combination with the style window support list. For example, the supported templates for the application can be provided in an alphabetical order (or other order), with the style window as the first text in the name. The list can be parsed to determine the style windows supported by identifying the different style windows that appear in the template names. 
     This list and lists for other applications can be used to determine which application to provide as options when a user is configuring a style window of a watch face. Accordingly, the watch can determine all of the application that support a particular style window based on the separate lists received from the various applications on the watch. 
     B. User Configuration 
     A user can configure various aspects of a watch face, such as color or presentation style. The complications can also be configured in various ways. As mentioned above, when a user is configuring a style window to show a desired complication of a particular application, a user can be provided with available applications, and then select the desired application. Such a list could be quite long, and thus a user can pre-specify which applications can show up on the list. In some embodiments, a user can further specify the template to be used. 
     1. User Filtering Available Complications 
     In some embodiments, a user can disable an application for a particular style window. The application supports the style window, but a user may not wish the application to show up on a configuration list. A user may have many applications that support a particular style window, and a full list may be laborious for the user to traverse each time the user decides to reconfigure the complications of a watch face. 
     An application can be disabled in a variety of ways from being listed on an available list of application for a style window. For example, a user could configure the corresponding companion application, which could provide a command to disable the watch application. As another example, a user can launch the watch application and navigate the watch application to a screen for disabling the watch application from providing support for a particular style window. In yet another example, a user can view a full list of available applications for a particular style window, and delete an application (e.g., by swiping in a particular direction). Further, a user can view a list of available applications and mark certain applications as favorites, which can thereby enable those applications. Applications not on the enabled list would be disabled. 
     2. User Selecting Complication App for Style Window 
     A user can choose from a variety of watch face designs, and then adjust colors, features, and other details for a selected watch face. The watch faces may be browsed (e.g., by swiping), and a watch can be selected, e.g., by firmly pressing the display. A user can enter a configuration mode in a variety of ways, e.g., with a screen tap of sufficient force. A user can then select a style window and browse the available application, e.g., using a digital crown. This list can be provided according to a user configuration of which applications are available or even in the absence of such a user configuration. 
     Once a user has selected a particular style window, a display manager running on the watch can determine the available applications. This list can be stored in persistent memory. The list may be updated, e.g., when a user disables one or more applications from being available for a particular style window. The list can be updated each time a new application is installed. As part of the installation, the watch can obtain the support list from the new application, and then add the application to any supported style windows. At this time, an option could be given to a user to disable the application for any style windows that the user does not want to use the complication for, in the future. A user can re-enable at a later time. 
     3. User Selecting Template (Complication) for Style Window 
     In some embodiments, once an application has been selected for providing a complication to a particular style window, a user may be provided an option to select a template for the complication. Upon selecting the application, a request can be made to the application for templates that are supported. The application can provide the names of such templates, and a user might know how a particular template displays data via a user guide for the application e.g., from the companion or from a website. 
     In some implementations, a watch application can provide example complication data objects, which can be used to display complications to the user. In this manner, a user might see different data and how it is to be displayed. Thus, a user can make a decision based on visual data for how the complication will look. 
     C. Method 
       FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating a method  600  for displaying information on an electronic watch according to embodiments of the present invention. Method  600  can be performed using the electronic watch. 
     At block  610 , a user interface is provided for a user to configure information to be displayed in one or more style windows in combination with a time on a watch face. The style windows can correspond to complications on the watch face. The user interface may be provided in response to specific user input. 
     At block  620 , a first window selection is received for a first style window of the watch face. The first style window is associated with a first plurality of templates for displaying the information. The templates may have characteristics described above. 
     At block  630 , a list of applications designated as supporting the first style window are identified. The list may be obtained from the respective applications on the electronic watch, e.g., via a style window support list. 
     In some embodiments, a user may filter the list to remove certain applications, even though they support the first style window. Thus, a user may provide one or more removal commands for removing one or more applications from the first list of applications. The one or more applications may be removed from the first list of applications to obtain a modified first list of applications. Upon a subsequent selection of the first style window, the modified first list of applications can be provided to the user. 
     At block  640 , the list of applications can be provided to the user. The list may be provided as names of the application, examples of displays for the application, or any other suitable manner. 
     At block  650 , a first application selection of a first application is received from the first list of applications. The selection may be made by a user in any suitable ways, e.g., via a tap, swipe, or voice commands. 
     At block  660 , a first data object is received from the first application. The first application may be executing on the electronic watch and provide the first data object to a display manager. In other embodiments, the first data object can be obtained from a companion device, on which the first application is running. The first data object can specify a first template of the plurality of templates and can include one or more data items for displaying according to the first template. 
     In some embodiments, the first data object can be generated by a complication controller in the first application, where the first application is executing on the electronic watch. In other embodiments, the complication can be in a companion that provides new complication data to the electronic watch. Refresh preferences of the watch can be sent to the companion device for obtaining new data for the first style window. The refresh preferences can specify how often and/or when the companion should send new complication data. 
     In some embodiments, refresh preferences can be received from a companion device. The refresh preferences can specify how often and when the companion would like to provide new data for the first style window, where the new data is to be used to generate the first data object. The electronic watch can monitor a state of the electronic watch and a number of updates for the first application. Then, the electronic watch (e.g., by a sampling daemon) can determine when to request the new data from the companion device based on the state of the electronic watch and the number of updates. 
     At block  670 , the first template is retrieved. Any one or more properties of the first template may be retrieved so that the data may be formatted for display according to the template. In one embodiment, the first template includes an image whose display is dependent on a number provided in the first data object. Template  530  provides such an example. The first data object may be received by a display manager that informs a complication controller of the first application that the first application is assigned to the first style window. In this manner, the complication controller can know which template to use. 
     At block  680 , the one or more data items are displayed in the first style window on the watch face according to the first template. The first data object can include one or more pieces of data, where the one or more pieces of data include one or more types of data. The one or more types of data can be selected from a group including text, image, and numbers. Thus, a piece of data might include all three types. As another example, three different prices of data may each include a different type of data. 
     A same process can be performed for a second style window. A second window selection of a second style window of the watch face can be received. The second style window can be associated with a second plurality of templates. A second list of applications can be designated as supporting the second style window. After providing the second list of applications to the user, a user can select a second application from the second list of applications. The second application can provide a second data object specifying a second template of the second plurality of templates and including one or more data items for displaying according to the second template. The one or more second data items can be displayed in the second style window on the watch face according to the second template. 
     V. Using Templates on Watch 
     Once a watch face has been configured to have complications using selected applications, the selected applications can use templates to provide complication data for updating the complication on the watch face. An application can create a complication data object according to a desired template that the application wants used. A complication controller in a companion device or in a the watch can create such a complication data object that can be passed (e.g., via a public API call) to a display manager on the watch that is part of the system software of the watch. 
       FIG. 7  shows a process for initializing and using templates to display data in a complication of a watch  720  according to embodiments of the present invention. Watch  720  includes various components, which may correspond to components in  FIG. 3 . Watch  720  includes a watch application  722 , which can include a complication controller  725  and a style window support list  723 . In other embodiments, complication controller  725  can exist in a companion device that is in communication with the watch. Watch  720  further includes a display manager  740  and a watch face  730 , within which complication  734  may be displayed. 
     At  701 , an initialization can be performed. As part of the initialization, display manager  740  can inform watch application  722  which complication (e.g., which style window) that the application will be providing data for. Complication controller  725  can use the information about the corresponding style window in creating a complication data object for updating complication data in complication  734 . In this manner, complication controller  725  can know that watch application  722  is to use templates for the large modular style (or other style window) when creating the complication data object. 
     At  702 , complication data can be received by watch application  722 . The complication data may have been sent by a companion device, and received via a watch transport daemon and a companion communications daemon, before being received by watch application  722 . As various examples, the companion device may be a phone that is in communication with watch  720  or a server, e.g., when watch  720  has an Internet connection. 
     At  703 , complication controller  725  can determine which template is to be used. In some embodiments, complication controller  725  can be configured to always select a particular template. For example, a developer can determine that if the style window is large.modular, then template large.modular.3 is always to be used. If another style window is being used, then a different template can be selected. 
     In other embodiments, complication controller  725  can determine which template to use based on the type of complication data that is being received. For example, if a sports application is providing updates to a particular game, then one template that displays two pieces of data might be used (e.g., with one piece of data in large text). While, if the sports application is providing a list of games to be played on a given day, then another template that displays six pieces of data might be used. As another example, if there is no game in a given day for the person&#39;s favorite team, the complication can display the time for the next game, which may use a different template. The configuration of which data is to be sent can be based on user preferences. Such preferences could be provided into a companion device, e.g., a favorite team, for which scores are to automatically be provided. Instead of a favorite team, a team could be selected based on the device&#39;s current location. 
     At  704 , complication controller  725  can create the complication data object using the determined template. The complication data object can include a name of the determined template and the complication data. In some embodiments, the complication data object can include units for how the complication data is to be displayed, e.g., whether any one of month, day, and/or year are to be use in a date. The complication data object can also include a style that specifies how the data is to be displayed, e.g., whether the format of the date is numerical, e.g., “5/31/15” or “May 31, 2015.” The style may also correspond to specific rules for how the data is to be reduced in length to fit into the limited space of a complication. Further, the complication data object can include a function call that specifies a system routine to determine the display, e.g., whether the data is to be displayed as a regular date, simple text, a time interval, or other suitable format. 
     At  705 , complication controller  725  can provide the complication data object via a public API. The API call can be identified as corresponding to display manager  740 , and thus routed accordingly. Display manager  740  can be configured to receive such API calls and respond by updating the corresponding complication. The corresponding complication can be identified via a table that correlates an application to the corresponding complication; such table can be created when a user configures the watch face. 
     In some embodiments, a complication data object could only include any data that has changed, and indicate which of the complication data the new data corresponds. In this manner, less data needs to be sent to display manager  740 . In other embodiments, all of the data to be displayed in the complication can be sent each time. In such embodiments, display manager  740  can identify which data has changed, and limit processing on only the data that has changed. For example, only the new data may need to be formatted for displaying. 
     At  706 , display manager  740  can retrieve the template identified in the complication data object. The template may be retrieved partially or entirely. For example, information about how to display data for the template can be retrieved, whereas other information about the template may not be needed. 
     At  707 , display manager  740  can determine display information for the complication object. The display information can specify exactly how the complication data is to be displayed. Thus, the display information can be provided to a rendering engine that determines which pixels are displayed with which colors and which intensities. In some embodiments, display manager  740  can determine whether the complication data fits into the allotted space for the complication. Display manager  740  may need to alter the data, e.g., by truncation, judicious abbreviation, or selective removal of certain text while maintaining more critical information to still convey the information in the complication. 
     At  708 , the updated complication data is displayed in complication  734 . The display may change just some of the data in complication  734  or all of the data. The display information for the updated complication data may be stored in a buffer and ready to be used the next time the display is turned on. 
     VI. Providing Updates to Watch by Companion 
     As described above, a companion device can provide updated complication data to the watch. The companion can obtain the new complication data based on various triggers. For example, the companion might receive a push notification from a server. As another example, the companion can determine that a complication should be updated periodically based on any one or more of previous user interactions with the companion and/or the watch, a planned event (e.g., a sports game for which updates are desired), and any other user preferences. The companion can determine whether to send new complication data to the watch based on various criteria. 
     A. System Diagram of Companion 
       FIG. 8  shows a process of a companion  810  providing new complication data to a watch according to embodiments of the present invention. Companion  810  includes various components, which may correspond to components in  FIG. 3 . Companion  810  includes a companion application  812  that can correspond to the complication for which new complication data is being obtained. A server  860  can provide the new complication data to companion  810 . Companion  810  can further include a watch communications daemon (WCD)  816 , a companion transport daemon (CTD)  818 , and a companion sampling daemon (CSD)  819 . WCD  816  may track which complications are active (e.g., which applications are currently assigned to complications on the current watch face). CTD  818  may store, in queue  817 , messages that have been requested to be sent to the watch by a companion application, but which are currently not allowed to be sent. 
     At  801   a  and  801   b , triggers are received that indicate new complication data should be obtained. At  801   a , an internal trigger is generated by CSD  819 . The internal trigger can be generated in response to a prediction that the user will view updates on the watch in the near future. For example, a user might view calendar information or weather information at 9:00 AM every morning. CSD  819  can determine such a pattern, and provide the new complication data to the watch in anticipation of such a request. A sampling daemon on the watch (e.g., WSD  329 ) may also be involved in determining such a pattern, e.g., WSD may determine the pattern and send the pattern to CSD  819 . 
     At  801   b , a push trigger is sent from server  860  to companion  810 . In various embodiments, the push trigger can correspond to a new message sent to the user or a new event for which the user subscribes (e.g., a news story or post that matches criteria specified by the user). 
     At  802 , new data is retrieved from server  860 . In some embodiments, the push trigger can include the new data. In some implementations, an internal trigger (e.g., as in  801   a ) can launch companion application  812 , and companion application  812  can send a retrieval request to server  860  to obtain the new data. The new data can be transmitted through CTD  818  to companion application  812 . 
     At  803 , companion application  812  can process the new data, if needed, to obtain the new complication data. For example, companion application  812  can analyze the new data and determine which data is appropriate to send to the corresponding watch application for displaying in a complication. The companion application  812  might obtain scores for numerous games, and only send the score for a particular game to the watch. This determination may be made based on which style window the complication is assigned, where the watch application can send such style window information to companion application  812 . 
     At  804 , companion application  812  can request the new complication data be sent to the watch. The request can be routed to WCD  816 , as WCD  816  can manage communication modes with the watch. There may be a variety of communication modes, e.g., modes for file transfer, for pushing data to the watch, and for new complication data. 
     At  805 , WCD  816  can determine a communication mode for managing the request to send the new complication data to the watch. For example, WCD  816  can identify that the data to be sent is complication data, and use a corresponding complication mode. WCD  816  may track which applications are assigned to complication of a current watch face on the watch. This information can be received from the watch, e.g., when the companion and the watch first establish a new connection. If a user later changes the watch face or any complications on the watch face, the changes can be communicated to WCD  816 . The active complication can be stored in list  880 . Further details about communication modes can be found in concurrently filed U.S. Patent Application entitled “Network Messaging For Paired Devices,” by Ledwith et al. 
     In some embodiments, if companion application  812  corresponds to a watch application that is providing data for an active complication, then WCD  816  can use list  880  to determine that the new complication data should be sent to the watch. Since companion application  812  is providing data for an active complication, a message including the data can be marked as special, and therefore allowed to be sent to the watch, e.g., even when the watch is not presently displaying information. 
     If WCD  816  determines that the new complication data should not be sent to the watch at this time, WCD  816  can send a response message indicating such to companion application  812 . Companion application can store the new complication data and send another request later to send the complication data to the watch. In the meantime, it is possible that even new complication data may be obtained by companion application  812 . 
     At  806 , if WCD  816  determines that the new complication data should be sent to the watch, WCD  816  can send a request to CTD  818  to send a message with the new complication data to the watch. CTD  818  can make a further determination of whether to send the message with the new complication data. WCD  816  can make such a determination based on information from CSD  819 , which can track device information (e.g., battery level) and budgets for applications to determine whether to send the message. 
     At  807 , CTD  818  can send the new complication data to the watch. In some embodiments, CTD  818  can determine an opportune time to send the new complication data. For example, CTD  818  may wait until other data has been sent via a same interface, e.g., to a different device other than the watch. 
     B. Method 
       FIG. 9  is a flowchart illustrating a method  900  of a companion providing new complication data to a watch according to embodiments of the present invention. Method  900  may be performed by various components of the companion. 
     At block  910 , a trigger to obtain new data is received. As examples, the trigger may be an internal trigger, e.g., as generated by a sampling daemon on the watch or on the companion. Refresh preferences may be received from the electronic watch, and the trigger may be generated based on the refresh preferences. 
     At block  920 , new data is obtained from a server. The new data may be retrieved from the server in response to the trigger. If the trigger is received from the server, the new data may be sent with the trigger. 
     At block  930 , a companion application can process new data to obtain new complication data. For example, the companion application can identify certain data that is to be displayed in a complication. 
     At block  940 , the companion application can request a watch communications daemon to send the new complication data to the watch. The companion application can potentially be aware of a budget for a number of updates it can make, and whether a complication assigned to the application is active. Thus, a companion application can make a determination of whether to send the request. 
     At block  950 , the watch communications daemon can determine which communication mode should be used. Various modes can include an interactive mode, a push update background mode (e.g., for pushing news stores and posts to the watch), a file transfer mode, and a complication mode. When the companion application sends new complication data, the complication mode can be used. The request from the companion application can specify the type of data to be sent, and the data may function as a mode identifier. An explicit flag for which mode to use could also be sent in the request. 
     At block  960 , the watch communications daemon can determine whether to request that new complication data is sent to the watch. The request can be based on a list of applications (receiving from the electronic watch) that are assigned to complications on a watch face currently being used by the electronic watch. The list of applications can include a first application. The list may be received when the companion first connects to the watch. The list of applications can be accessed to determine that the first application is assigned to a complication on the watch face currently being used by the electronic watch. The new complication data can be sent to a transport daemon for transmitting to the electronic watch. 
     At block  970 , a companion transport daemon can determine when to send the new complication data to the watch. The transport daemon can determine whether to transmit the new complication data to the electronic watch or queue the new complication data for later transmission. This decision may be done as described for  FIGS. 3 and 8  and elsewhere. For example, the determining can be based on an allotted budget for transmissions by the first application to the electronic watch. 
     At block  980 , the companion can transmit the new complication data to the watch. The new complication data can be sent with other data, e.g., in batches of messages. A message can specify the type of data contained in the message and the recipient application for the message. 
     VII. Example Devices 
     Embodiments described herein may take the form of, be incorporated in, or operate with a suitable electronic device, e.g., companion devices or a watch device. One example of such a device is shown in  FIG. 10  and takes the form of a wearable watch device. Alternative embodiments of suitable electronic devices include a mobile phone, a tablet computing device, a portable media player, and so on. Still other suitable electronic devices may include laptop/notebook computers, personal digital assistants, touch screens, input-sensitive pads or surfaces, and so on. 
       FIG. 10  shows a wearable watch device  1000  according to some embodiments of the present invention. In this example, wearable device  1000  is shown as a wristwatch-like device with a face portion  1002  connected to straps  1004 A,  1004 B. In many embodiments, the electronic device may keep and display time, essentially functioning as a wristwatch among other things. Time may be displayed in an analog or digital format, depending on the device, its settings, and (in some cases) a user&#39;s preferences. Typically, time is displayed on a digital display stack forming part of the exterior of the device. 
     Face portion  1002  can include, e.g., a touchscreen display  1006  that can be appropriately sized depending on where on a user&#39;s person wearable device  1000  is intended to be worn. A user can view information presented by wearable device  1000  on touchscreen display  1006  and provide input to wearable device  1000  by touching touchscreen display  1006 . In some embodiments, touchscreen display  1006  can occupy most or all of the front surface of face portion  1002 . 
     Straps  1004 A,  1004 B can be provided to allow wearable device  1000  to be removably worn by a user, e.g., around the user&#39;s wrist, and secured thereto. In some embodiments, straps  1004 A,  1004 B can be made of any flexible material (e.g., fabrics, flexible plastics, leather, chains or flexibly interleaved plates or links made of metal or other rigid materials) and can be connected to face portion  1002 , e.g., by hinges. Alternatively, straps  1004 A,  1004 B can be made of a rigid material, with one or more hinges positioned at the junction of face  1002  and proximal ends  1008 A,  1008 B of straps  1004 A,  1004 B and/or elsewhere along the lengths of straps  1004 A,  1004 B to allow a user to put on and take off wearable device  1000 . Different portions of straps  1004 A,  1004 B can be made of different materials; for instance, flexible or expandable sections can alternate with rigid sections. In some embodiments, one or both of straps  1004 A,  1004 B can include removable sections, allowing wearable device  1000  to be resized to accommodate a particular user&#39;s wrist size. In some embodiments, straps  1004 A,  1004 B can be portions of a continuous strap member that runs behind or through face portion  1002 . Face portion  1002  can be detachable from straps  1004 A,  1004 B; permanently attached to straps  1004 A,  1004 B; or integrally formed with straps  1004 A,  1004 B. 
     The distal ends of straps  1004 A,  1004 B opposite face portion  1002  can provide complementary clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B that can be engaged with each other to secure the distal ends of straps  1004 A,  1004 B to each other, forming a closed loop. In this manner, device  1000  can be secured to a user&#39;s person, e.g., around the user&#39;s wrist; clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B can be subsequently disengaged to facilitate removal of device  1000  from the user&#39;s person. The design of clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B can be varied; in various embodiments, clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B can include buckles, magnetic clasps, mechanical clasps, snap closures, etc. In some embodiments, one or both of clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B can be movable along at least a portion of the length of corresponding strap  1004 A,  1004 B, allowing wearable device  1000  to be resized to accommodate a particular user&#39;s wrist size. 
     Straps  1004 A,  1004 B can be two distinct segments, or they can be formed as a continuous band of an elastic material (including, e.g., elastic fabrics, expandable metal links, or a combination of elastic and inelastic sections), allowing wearable device  1000  to be put on and taken off by stretching a band formed by straps  1004 A,  1004 B. In such embodiments, clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B can be omitted. 
     Straps  1004 A,  1004 B and/or clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B can include sensors that allow wearable device  1000  to determine whether it is being worn at any given time. Wearable device  1000  can operate differently depending on whether it is currently being worn or not. For example, wearable device  1000  can inactivate various user interface and/or RF interface components when it is not being worn. In addition, in some embodiments, wearable device  1000  can notify a companion device (e.g., a smartphone, a mobile device, a tablet device, a media player, a speaker, or other electronic devices) when a user puts on or takes off wearable device  1000 . 
     In various embodiments, wearable device  1000  includes a rotary input such as a crown  1012  (also referred to as digital crown throughout the specification). Crown  1012  can be used to perform a variety of functions. In some embodiments, crown  1012  provides rotation input for navigating content (e.g., zooming in and out of content, panning across content). In this example, crown  1012  includes a plastic or metal crown body, preferably having conventional outer teeth. Typically, a pedestal made integral with the body of crown  1015  is positioned and protrudes into face portion  1002 . Crown  1012  may be fastened, either permanently or removably, to hardware associated with wearable device  1000 . Rotation of the crown (and/or a stem) may be sensed optically, electrically, magnetically, or mechanically. Further, in some embodiments the crown (and/or stem) may also move laterally, thereby providing a second type of input to the device. 
     Wearable device  1000  may likewise include one or more buttons (not shown here). The button(s) may be depressed to provide yet another input to the device. In various embodiments, the button may be a dome switch, rocker switch, electrical contact, magnetic switch, and so on. In some embodiments the button may be waterproof or otherwise sealed against the environment. 
     It will be appreciated that wearable device  1000  is illustrative and that variations and modifications are possible. For example, wearable device  1000  can be implemented in any wearable article, including a watch, a bracelet, a necklace, a ring, a belt, a jacket, or the like. In some instances, wearable device  1000  can be a clip-on device or pin-on device that has a clip or pin portion that attaches to the user&#39;s clothing. The interface portion (including, e.g., touchscreen display  1006 ) can be attached to the clip or pin portion by a retractable cord, and a user can easily pull touchscreen display  1006  into view for use without removing the clip or pin portion, then let go to return wearable device  1000  to its resting location. Thus, a user can wear wearable device  1000  in any convenient location. 
     Wearable device  1000  can be implemented using electronic components disposed within face portion  1002 , straps  1004 A,  1004 B, and/or clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B. 
       FIG. 11  is a simplified block diagram of a device  1100  (e.g., wearable device  1000  or a companion device) according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wearable device  1100  can include processing subsystem  1102 , storage subsystem  1104 , user interface  1106 , RF interface  1108 , connector interface  1110 , power subsystem  1112 , environmental sensors  1114 , and strap sensors  1116 . Wearable device  1100  can also include other components (not explicitly shown). 
     In many embodiments, the electronic device may keep and display time, essentially functioning as a wristwatch among other things. Time may be displayed in an analog or digital format, depending on the device, its settings, and (in some cases) a user&#39;s preferences. Typically, time is displayed on a digital display stack forming part of the exterior of the device. 
     Storage subsystem  1104  can be implemented, e.g., using magnetic storage media, flash memory, other semiconductor memory (e.g., DRAM, SRAM), or any other non-transitory storage medium, or a combination of media, and can include volatile and/or non-volatile media. In some embodiments, storage subsystem  1104  can store media items such as audio files, video files, image or artwork files; information about a user&#39;s contacts (names, addresses, phone numbers, etc.); information about a user&#39;s scheduled appointments and events; notes; and/or other types of information, examples of which are described below. In some embodiments, storage subsystem  1104  can also store one or more application programs to be executed by processing subsystem  1102  (e.g., video game programs, personal information management programs, media playback programs, interface programs associated with particular host devices and/or host device functionalities, etc.). 
     User interface  1106  can include any combination of input and output devices. A user can operate input devices of user interface  1106  to invoke the functionality of wearable device  1100  and can view, hear, and/or otherwise experience output from wearable device  1100  via output devices of user interface  1106 . 
     Examples of output devices include display  1120 , speakers  1122 , and haptic output generator  1124 . Display  1120  can be implemented using compact display technologies, e.g., LCD (liquid crystal display), LED (light-emitting diode), OLED (organic light-emitting diode), or the like. In some embodiments, display  1120  can incorporate a flexible display element or curved-glass display element, allowing wearable device  1100  to conform to a desired shape. One or more speakers  1122  can be provided using small-form-factor speaker technologies, including any technology capable of converting electronic signals into audible sound waves. In some embodiments, speakers  1122  can be used to produce tones (e.g., beeping or ringing) and can but need not be capable of reproducing sounds such as speech or music with any particular degree of fidelity. Haptic output generator  1124  can be, e.g., a device that converts electronic signals into vibrations; in some embodiments, the vibrations can be strong enough to be felt by a user wearing wearable device  1100  but not so strong as to produce distinct sounds. 
     Wearable device  1100  may also provide alerts to a user. An alert may be generated in response to: a change in status of the device (one example of which is power running low); receipt of information by the device (such as receiving a message); communications between the device and another mechanism/device (such as a second type of device informing the device that a message is waiting or communication is in progress); an operational state of an application (such as, as part of a game, or when a calendar appointment is imminent) or the operating system (such as when the device powers on or shuts down); and so on. The number and types of triggers for an alert are various and far-ranging. 
     The alert may be auditory, visual, haptic, or a combination thereof. A haptic actuator may be housed within the device and may move linearly to generate haptic output (although in alternative embodiments the haptic actuator may be rotary or any other type). A speaker may provide auditory components of an alert and the aforementioned display may provide visual alert components. In some embodiments a dedicated light, display, or other visual output component may be used as part of an alert. 
     The auditory, haptic and/or visual components of the alert may be synchronized to provide an overall experience to a user. One or more components may be delayed relative to other components to create a desired synchronization between them. The components may be synchronized so that they are perceived substantially simultaneously; as one example, a haptic output may be initiated slightly before an auditory output since the haptic output may take longer to be perceived than the audio. As another example, a haptic output (or portion thereof) may be initiated substantially before the auditory output but at a weak or even subliminal level, thereby priming the wearer to receive the auditory output. 
     Examples of input devices include microphone  1126 , touch sensor  1128 , and camera  1129 . Microphone  1126  can include any device that converts sound waves into electronic signals. In some embodiments, microphone  1126  can be sufficiently sensitive to provide a representation of specific words spoken by a user; in other embodiments, microphone  1126  can be usable to provide indications of general ambient sound levels without necessarily providing a high-quality electronic representation of specific sounds. 
     Touch sensor  1128  can include, e.g., a capacitive sensor array with the ability to localize contacts to a particular point or region on the surface of the sensor and in some instances, the ability to distinguish multiple simultaneous contacts. In some embodiments, touch sensor  1128  can be overlaid over display  1120  to provide a touchscreen interface, and processing subsystem  1102  can translate touch events (including taps and/or other gestures made with one or more contacts) into specific user inputs depending on what is currently displayed on display  1120 . In some embodiments, touch sensor  1128  can also determine a location of a touch on the cover glass. A touch sensor may be incorporated into or on the display stack in order to determine a location of a touch. The touch sensor may be self-capacitive in certain embodiments, mutual-capacitive in others, or a combination thereof. 
     The display stack may include a cover element, such as a cover glass, overlying a display. The cover glass need not necessarily be formed from glass, although that is an option; it may be formed from sapphire, zirconia, alumina, chemically strengthened glass, hardened plastic and so on. Likewise, the display may be a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode display, or any other suitable display technology. Among other elements, the display stack may include a backlight in some embodiments. 
     Camera  1129  can include, e.g., a compact digital camera that includes an image sensor such as a CMOS sensor and optical components (e.g. lenses) arranged to focus an image onto the image sensor, along with control logic operable to use the imaging components to capture and store still and/or video images. Images can be stored, e.g., in storage subsystem  1104  and/or transmitted by wearable device  1100  to other devices for storage. Depending on implementation, the optical components can provide fixed focal distance or variable focal distance; in the latter case, autofocus can be provided. In some embodiments, camera  1129  can be disposed along an edge of face portion  1002  of  FIG. 10 , e.g., the top edge, and oriented to allow a user to capture images of nearby objects in the environment such as a bar code or QR code. In other embodiments, camera  1129  can be disposed on the front surface of face member  1002  of  FIG. 10 , e.g., to capture images of the user. Zero, one, or more cameras can be provided, depending on implementation. 
     In some embodiments, user interface  1106  can provide output to and/or receive input from an auxiliary device such as a headset. For example, audio jack  1130  can connect via an audio cable (e.g., a standard 2.5-mm or 3.5-mm audio cable) to an auxiliary device. Audio jack  1130  can include input and/or output paths. Accordingly, audio jack  1130  can provide audio to the auxiliary device and/or receive audio from the auxiliary device. In some embodiments, a wireless connection interface can be used to communicate with an auxiliary device. 
     Processing subsystem  1102  can be implemented as any electronic device capable of processing, receiving, or transmitting data or instructions. Processing subsystem  1102  can include one or more integrated circuits. For example, processing subsystem  1102  may include one or more of: one or more single-core or multi-core microprocessors or microcontrollers, a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), or additional combinations of such devices. In operation, processing subsystem  1102  can control the operation of wearable device  1100 . In various embodiments, processing subsystem  1102  can execute a variety of programs in response to program code and can maintain multiple concurrently executing programs or processes. At any given time, some or all of the program code to be executed can be resident in processing subsystem  1102  and/or in storage media such as storage subsystem  1104 . 
     Through suitable programming, processing subsystem  1102  can provide various functionality for wearable device  1100 . For example, in some embodiments, processing subsystem  1102  can execute an operating system (OS)  1132  and various applications for interfacing with a host device, such as a phone-interface application  1134 , a text-interface application  1136 , and/or a media interface application  1138 . In some embodiments, some or all of these application programs can interact with a host device, e.g., by generating messages to be sent to the host device and/or by receiving and interpreting messages from the host device. In some embodiments, some or all of the application programs can operate locally to wearable device  1100 . For example, if wearable device  1100  has a local media library stored in storage subsystem  1104 , media interface application  1138  can provide a user interface to select and play locally stored media items. Examples of interface applications are described below. 
     In some embodiments, processing subsystem  1102  can also execute a host security process  1160  that provides support for establishing and maintaining a verified communication session with a host device. A verified communication session can provide an enhanced level of security, and various operations of wearable device  1100  and/or a host device can be made conditional on whether a verified communication session between the devices is in progress. For instance, host security process  1160  can facilitate unlocking a host device when wearable device  1100  is present, depending on whether a verified session is in progress. User data  1162  can include any information specific to a user, such as identification information, user-specified settings and preferences, customized information (e.g., contacts, predefined text messages), and any other user-related data or content. In some embodiments, executing applications and processes can access user data  1162  to facilitate operations. 
     RF (radio frequency) interface  1108  can allow wearable device  1100  to communicate wirelessly with various host devices. RF interface  1108  can include RF transceiver components such as an antenna and supporting circuitry to enable data communication over a wireless medium, e.g., using Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 family standards), Bluetooth® (a family of standards promulgated by Bluetooth SIG, Inc.), or other protocols for wireless data communication. RF interface  1108  can be implemented using a combination of hardware (e.g., driver circuits, antennas, modulators/demodulators, encoders/decoders, and other analog and/or digital signal processing circuits) and software components. In some embodiments, RF interface  1108  can provide near-field communication (“NFC”) capability, e.g., implementing the ISO/IEC 18092 standards or the like; NFC can support wireless data exchange between devices over a very short range (e.g., 20 centimeters or less). Multiple different wireless communication protocols and associated hardware can be incorporated into RF interface  1108 . Wearable device  1100  may wirelessly communicate with a sales terminal nearby, thus permitting a user to quickly and efficiently conduct a transaction such as selling, buying, or returning a good. Wearable device  1100  may use NFC technology to perform these and other functions. 
     Connector interface  1110  can allow wearable device  1100  to communicate with various host devices via a wired communication path, e.g., using Universal Serial Bus (USB), universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART), or other protocols for wired data communication. In some embodiments, connector interface  1110  can provide a power port, allowing wearable device  1100  to receive power, e.g., to charge an internal battery. For example, connector interface  1110  can include a connector such as a mini-USB connector or a custom connector, as well as supporting circuitry. In some embodiments, the connector can be a custom connector that provides dedicated power and ground contacts, as well as digital data contacts that can be used to implement different communication technologies in parallel; for instance, two pins can be assigned as USB data pins (D+ and D−) and two other pins can be assigned as serial transmit/receive pins (e.g., implementing a UART interface). The assignment of pins to particular communication technologies can be hardwired or negotiated while the connection is being established. In some embodiments, the connector can also provide connections for audio and/or video signals, which may be transmitted to or from a host device in analog and/or digital formats. 
     In some embodiments, connector interface  1110  and/or RF interface  1108  can be used to support synchronization operations in which data is transferred from a host device to wearable device  1100  (or vice versa). For example, as described below, a user can customize certain information for wearable device  1100  (e.g., a “favorite” contacts list and/or specific predefined text messages that can be sent). While user interface  1106  can support data-entry operations, a user may find it more convenient to define customized information on a separate device (e.g., a tablet or smartphone) that has a larger interface (e.g., including a real or virtual alphanumeric keyboard), then transfer the customized information to wearable device  1100  via a synchronization operation. Synchronization operations can also be used to load and/or update other types of data in storage subsystem  1104 , such as media items, application programs, and/or operating system programs. Synchronization operations can be performed in response to an explicit user request and/or automatically, e.g., when wireless device  1100  resumes communication with a particular host device or in response to either device receiving an update to its copy of synchronized information. 
     Environmental sensors  1114  can include various electronic, mechanical, electromechanical, optical, or other devices that provide information related to external conditions around wearable device  1100 . Sensors  1114  in some embodiments can provide digital signals to processing subsystem  1102 , e.g., on a streaming basis or in response to polling by processing subsystem  1102  as desired. Any type and combination of environmental sensors can be used; shown by way of example are accelerometer  1142 , a magnetometer  1144 , a gyroscope sensor  1146 , and a GPS receiver  1148 . 
     Some environmental sensors can provide information about the location and/or motion of wearable device  1100 . For example, accelerometer  1142  can sense acceleration (relative to free fall) along one or more axes, e.g., using piezoelectric or other components in conjunction with associated electronics to produce a signal. Magnetometer  1144  can sense an ambient magnetic field (e.g., Earth&#39;s magnetic field) and generate a corresponding electrical signal, which can be interpreted as a compass direction. Gyroscopic sensor  1146  can sense rotational motion in one or more directions, e.g., using one or more MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) gyroscopes and related control and sensing circuitry. Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver  1148  can determine location based on signals received from GPS satellites. 
     Other sensors can also be included in addition to or instead of these examples. For example, a sound sensor can incorporate microphone  1126  together with associated circuitry and/or program code to determine, e.g., a decibel level of ambient sound. Temperature sensors, proximity sensors, ambient light sensors, or the like can also be included. The ambient light sensor may permit the device to sense a brightness of its environment and adjust certain operational parameters accordingly. For example, wearable device  1100  may modify a brightness of a display in response to the sensed ambient light. As another example, wearable device  1100  may turn the display off if little or no light is sensed for a period of time. 
     Sensors  1116  can include various electronic, mechanical, electromechanical, optical, or other devices that provide information to wearable device  1100 . For instance, clasp sensor  1150  can be at least partially disposed within either or both of clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B of  FIG. 10  and can detect when clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B are engaged with each other or disengaged from each other. For example, engaging clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B to each other can complete an electrical circuit, allowing current to flow through clasp sensor  1150 ; disengaging clasp members  1010 A,  1010 B from each other can break the circuit. As another example, one or more crown sensors  1152  can be disposed to detect input from crown  1012  of  FIG. 10 . Crown sensors  1152  can also include motion sensors, accelerometers, pressure sensors (e.g., piezoelectric devices), or the like. 
     Any other type of sensor can be used in addition to or instead of strap sensors  1116  and crown sensors  1152 . For instance, physiological or biometric sensors, such as pulse sensors, ECG sensors, or the like can be provided. In some embodiments, physiological sensors can monitor a user&#39;s physiological signals and provide health-related information based on those signals. In certain embodiments, physiological or biometric sensors can be used in verifying the identity of the wearer of wearable device  1100 . 
     Certain embodiments may incorporate one or more biometric sensors to measure certain physiological characteristics of a user. The device may include a photoplesymogram sensor to determine a user&#39;s heart rate or blood oxygenation levels, for example. The device may also or instead include electrodes to measure the body impedance of a user, which may permit the device to estimate body fat percentages, the body&#39;s electrical activity, body impedance, and so on. In some embodiments, the device may also measure blood pressure, ultraviolet exposure, etc. Depending on the sensors incorporated into or associated with the electronic device, a variety of user characteristics may be measured and/or estimated, thereby permitting different health information to be provided to a user. In some examples, the sensed biometric information may be used by the alert manager, in part, for managing the electronic content and/or the incoming alerts. 
     Similarly, wearable device  1100  may include a force sensor (not shown here) to determine an amount of force applied to the cover glass. The force sensor may be a capacitive sensor in some embodiments and a strain sensor in other embodiments. In either embodiment, the force sensor is generally transparent and made form transparent materials, or is located beneath or away from the display in order not to interfere with the view of the display. The force sensor may, for example, take the form of two capacitive plates separated by silicone or another deformable material. As the capacitive plates move closer together under an external force, the change in capacitance may be measured and a value of the external force correlated from the capacitance change. Further, by comparing relative capacitance changes from multiple points on the force sensor, or from multiple force sensors, a location or locations at which force is exerted may be determined. In one embodiment the force sensor may take the form of a gasket extending beneath the periphery of the display. The gasket may be segmented or unitary, depending on the embodiment. 
     Power subsystem  1112  can provide power and power management capabilities for wearable device  1100 . For example, power subsystem  1112  can include a battery  1140  (e.g., a rechargeable battery) and associated circuitry to distribute power from battery  1140  to other components of wearable device  1100  that require electrical power. In some embodiments, power subsystem  1112  can also include circuitry operable to charge battery  1140 , e.g., when connector interface  1110  is connected to a power source. In some embodiments, power subsystem  1112  can include a “wireless” charger, such as an inductive charger, to charge battery  1140  without relying on connector interface  1110 . An inductive charging base may transmit power to an inductive receiver within the device in order to charge a battery of the device. Further, by varying the inductive field between the device and base, data may be communicated between the two. As one simple non-limiting example, this may be used to wake the base from a low-power sleep state to an active charging state when the device is placed on the base. Other wireless charging systems also may be used (e.g., near field magnetic resonance and radio frequency). Alternatively, the device also may employ wired charging through electrodes. In some embodiments, power subsystem  1112  can also include other power sources, such as a solar cell, in addition to or instead of battery  1140 . 
     In some embodiments, power subsystem  1112  can control power distribution to components within wearable device  1100  to manage power consumption efficiently. For example, power subsystem  1112  can automatically place device  1100  into a “hibernation” state when strap sensors  1116  indicate that device  1100  is not being worn. The hibernation state can be designed to reduce power consumption; accordingly, user interface  1106  (or components thereof), RF interface  1108 , connector interface  1110 , and/or environmental sensors  1114  can be powered down (e.g., to a low-power state or turned off entirely), while strap sensors  1116  are powered up (either continuously or at intervals) to detect when a user puts on wearable device  1100 . As another example, in some embodiments, while wearable device  1100  is being worn, power subsystem  1112  can turn display  1120  and/or other components on or off depending on motion and/or orientation of wearable device  1100  detected by environmental sensors  1114 . For instance, if wearable device  1100  is designed to be worn on a user&#39;s wrist, power subsystem  1112  can detect raising and rolling of a user&#39;s wrist, as is typically associated with looking at a wristwatch, based on information provided by accelerometer  1142 . In response to this detected motion, power subsystem  1112  can automatically turn display  1120  and/or touch sensor  1128  on; similarly, power subsystem  1112  can automatically turn display  1120  and/or touch sensor  1128  off in response to detecting that user&#39;s wrist has returned to a neutral position (e.g., hanging down). 
     Power subsystem  1112  can also provide other power management capabilities, such as regulating power consumption of other components of wearable device  1100  based on the source and amount of available power, monitoring stored power in battery  1140 , generating user alerts if the stored power drops below a minimum level, and so on. 
     In some embodiments, control functions of power subsystem  1112  can be implemented using programmable or controllable circuits operating in response to control signals generated by processing subsystem  1102  in response to program code executing thereon, or as a separate microprocessor or microcontroller. 
     It will be appreciated that wearable device  1100  is illustrative and that variations and modifications are possible. 
     The various embodiments further can be implemented in a wide variety of operating environments, which in some cases can include one or more user computers, computing devices or processing devices which can be used to operate any of a number of applications. User or client devices can include any of a number of general purpose personal computers, such as desktop or laptop computers running a standard operating system, as well as cellular, wireless and handheld devices running mobile software and capable of supporting a number of networking and messaging protocols. Such a system also can include a number of workstations running any of a variety of commercially-available operating systems and other known applications for purposes such as development and database management. These devices also can include other electronic devices, such as dummy terminals, thin-clients, gaming systems and other devices capable of communicating via a network. 
     Most embodiments utilize at least one network that would be familiar to those skilled in the art for supporting communications using any of a variety of commercially-available protocols, such as TCP/IP, OSI, FTP, UPnP, NFS, CIFS, and AppleTalk. The network can be, for example, a local area network, a wide-area network, a virtual private network, the Internet, an intranet, an extranet, a public switched telephone network, an infrared network, a wireless network, and any combination thereof. 
     In embodiments utilizing a network server, the network server can run any of a variety of server or mid-tier applications, including HTTP servers, FTP servers, CGI servers, data servers, Java servers, and business application servers. The server(s) also may be capable of executing programs or scripts in response requests from user devices, such as by executing one or more applications that may be implemented as one or more scripts or programs written in any programming language, such as Java®, C, C # or C++, or any scripting language, such as Perl, Python or TCL, as well as combinations thereof. The server(s) may also include database servers, including without limitation those commercially available from Oracle®, Microsoft®, Sybase®, and IBM®. 
     Such programs may also be encoded and transmitted using carrier signals adapted for transmission via wired, optical, and/or wireless networks conforming to a variety of protocols, including the Internet. As such, a computer readable medium according to an embodiment of the present invention may be created using a data signal encoded with such programs. Computer readable media encoded with the program code may be packaged with a compatible device or provided separately from other devices (e.g., via Internet download). Any such computer readable medium may reside on or within a single computer product (e.g. a hard drive, a CD, or an entire computer system), and may be present on or within different computer products within a system or network. A computer system may include a monitor, printer, or other suitable display for providing any of the results mentioned herein to a user. 
     The environment can include a variety of data stores and other memory and storage media as discussed above. These can reside in a variety of locations, such as on a storage medium local to (and/or resident in) one or more of the computers or remote from any or all of the computers across the network. In a particular set of embodiments, the information may reside in a storage-area network (SAN) familiar to those skilled in the art. Similarly, any necessary files for performing the functions attributed to the computers, servers or other network devices may be stored locally and/or remotely, as appropriate. Where a system includes computerized devices, each such device can include hardware elements that may be electrically coupled via a bus, the elements including, for example, at least one central processing unit (CPU), at least one input device (e.g., a mouse, keyboard, controller, touch screen or keypad), and at least one output device (e.g., a display device, printer or speaker). Such a system may also include one or more storage devices, such as disk drives, optical storage devices, and solid-state storage devices such as RAM or ROM, as well as removable media devices, memory cards, flash cards, etc. 
     Such devices also can include a computer-readable storage media reader, a communications device (e.g., a modem, a network card (wireless or wired), an infrared communication device, etc.), and working memory as described above. The computer-readable storage media reader can be connected with, or configured to receive, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, representing remote, local, fixed, and/or removable storage devices as well as storage media for temporarily and/or more permanently containing, storing, transmitting, and retrieving computer-readable information. The system and various devices also typically will include a number of software applications, modules, services or other elements located within at least one working memory device, including an operating system and application programs, such as a client application or browser. It should be appreciated that alternate embodiments may have numerous variations from that described above. For example, customized hardware might also be used and/or particular elements might be implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, such as applets) or both. Further, connection to other computing devices such as network input/output devices may be employed. 
     Non-transitory storage media and computer-readable storage media for containing code, or portions of code, can include any appropriate media known or used in the art such as, but not limited to, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, including RAM, ROM, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, DVD or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the a system device. Based on the disclosure and teachings provided herein, a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate other ways and/or methods to implement the various embodiments. However, computer-readable storage media does not include transitory media such as carrier waves or the like. 
     The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereunto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth in the claims. 
     Other variations are within the spirit of the present disclosure. Thus, while the disclosed techniques are susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the disclosure to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure, as defined in the appended claims. 
     The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the disclosed embodiments (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term “connected” is to be construed as partly or wholly contained within, attached to, or joined together, even if there is something intervening. The phrase “based on” should be understood to be open-ended, and not limiting in any way, and is intended to be interpreted or otherwise read as “based at least in part on,” where appropriate. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the disclosure and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the disclosure. 
     Disjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, or Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood within the context as used in general to present that an item, term, etc., may be either X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and/or Z). Thus, such disjunctive language is not generally intended to, and should not, imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, or at least one of Z to each be present. Additionally, conjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, should also be understood to mean X, Y, Z, or any combination thereof, including “X, Y, and/or Z.” 
     Preferred embodiments of this disclosure are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the disclosure. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the disclosure to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this disclosure includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the disclosure unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. 
     All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.