Patent Publication Number: US-6904746-B2

Title: Method of forming chain links

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/473,594 filed Dec. 29, 1999, now pending. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a method of forming chain links for use in making fine jewelry rope chains, and more specifically, to method of contouring the outer periphery of individual links. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     A fine jewelry “rope” chain is usually comprised of individual links intertwined to form a chain having the appearance of a double helix. The intertwining of such links is customarily done by hand, with gaps facilitating the interengagement or intertwining of links to form a chain. The rope chain art has evolved considerably since its inception, to the extent that a layman probably takes for granted the complicated and various methods used to create a highly decorative and ornamental piece of jewelry. 
     The appearance of individual links and the manner in which such links are intertwined to form a chain usually dictate the appearance of the resultant chain. The prior art is replete with rope chains formed from solid and hollow links having all different shapes and sizes. Such links are also formed using a variety of methods. Conventionally, a solid or hollow wire is wrapped around a supporting core and then cut so that the wire separates into individual pieces, each piece having a gap for intertwining with other pieces (the term “wire” is customarily used in the jewelry rope chain art and will be used herein to designate a solid strand of material, or a flat, stamped material that has been rolled into an elongated strand of tubular cross-section). After the wire is cut, and before the individual pieces can be intertwined, the pieces are straightened into links. Other methods of creating links are known in the art, including punching an individual link from a sheet of material using a one-step process as taught by Rozenwasser in U.S. Pat. No. 5,544,477 or a two-step process as taught by Grando in U.S. Pat. No. 5,309,704. 
     Recently, there has been a movement in the rope chain field toward highly decorative surface ornamentation, where the outer surface or periphery of individual chain links are modified or materially altered, both before and after they have been formed into a rope chain. Surface ornamentation usually occurs after the links have been assembled into a rope chain, through methods widely known in the art. This usually involves the creation of a rope chain, followed by the faceting, notching, cutting, bending, deforming, scraping or the like, of distinct portions of such chain, until the desired surface effect is achieved on exposed portions of individual links and the chain as a whole. 
     Certain methods of surface ornamentation are dependent or preferred based on the type of link used to form the chain, while other methods are preferred depending on the desired effect one wishes to achieve. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,129,220 to Strobel and U.S. Pat. No. 5,353,584 to Strobel et al., disclose the incremental deforming, by a blunt, burnishing tool, of a hollow link rope chain, which results in individual links having flattened exposed surfaces. U.S. Pat. No. 5,285,625 to Ofrat et al. discloses the use of a diamond cut forming machine to create diamond cut facets extending spirally around the longitudinal center of the chain, while U.S. Pat. No. 5,303,540 to Rozenwasser discloses the use of a diamond-cutting edge to create shallow depressions along the surface of a thin plate of metal that will eventually be formed into a wire and then a link. The Rozenwasser &#39;540 patent also discloses the creation of shallow depressions on a wire prior to dividing or cutting into links, while U.S. Pat. No. 5,412,935, also to Rozenwasser, discloses the cutting of facets into a link having a raised surface. See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,537,812 to Rozenwasser. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,471,830 and 5,526,639 to Gonzales disclose the cutting of an assembled rope chain to create a continuously curved surface. 
     In addition to providing surface ornamentation in the form of faceting and contouring, the overall appearance of rope chains has in the past been altered by using links of various shapes. For example in U.S. Design Pat. Nos. 368,048 and 370,184 and 370,426 all to Rozenwasser, modified “C”-shaped links are intertwined to form jewelry rope chains having unique overall designs. While the design of each link is ornamentally unique, each link has a consistent inner and outer peripheral surface and profile and a consistent thickness along such profile. 
     The faceting and contouring of assembled rope chains has become fairly complicated to meet the demands for unique surface configurations. This has resulted in contouring methods and machinery of increased complexity. There exists a need, therefore, for a method of creating fashionably contoured jewelry chains and jewelry rope chains that is relatively uncomplicated, efficient to implement, inexpensive in its operation, and provides the designer with a multitude of contouring options unseen or unexperienced in the prior art. Recognizing this need, the present inventor has devised a method of creating ornamentally desirable jewelry chains and jewelry rope chains by fashionably contouring the outer periphery of individual links, thereby avoiding the costly process of enlisting complicated machinery to act upon ever-increasingly complicated rope chain configurations. More specifically, one embodiment of the method of the present invention involves the arrangement of individual links onto a mandril, followed by the contouring of the outer periphery of such links by hand, machine or the like. After the individual links have been contoured as desired, the links are removed from such mandril and assembled into rope chains using methods known in the art. In other embodiments, the outer peripheries of individual links are contoured without the use of a mandril. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a method of creating fashionably contoured jewelry chains and jewelry rope chains that is relatively uncomplicated, efficient to implement, inexpensive in its operation, and provides the designer with a multitude of contouring options. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of creating fashionably contoured jewelry chains and jewelry rope chains by contouring the outer periphery of individual chain links prior to assembly into chains. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method of creating fashionably contoured jewelry chains and jewelry rope chains by contouring the outer periphery of a coiled wire prior to separation into individual links and assembly of such links into chains. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method of creating fashionably contoured chains by arranging individual chain links onto a mandril prior to contouring the outer periphery of such links. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method of creating fashionably contoured jewelry chains by arranging individual chain links onto a mandril and contouring the outer periphery of such links along one or a variety of locations along such outer periphery. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method of forming chain links by contouring the outer peripheries of such links, whether created from a wire, a punching process or the like, while arranged on a mandril. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method of forming chain links by contouring the outer peripheries of such links by hand, machine or the like. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method of forming chain links having inner and outer peripheries of different shapes. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method of forming chain links having a non-uniform thickness. 
     Still other objects and advantages of the invention will become clear upon review of the following detailed description in conjunction with the appended drawings. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Individual chain links used in forming jewelry rope chains are provided, being formed from solid or hollow wire, punched or the like, and being produced using methods known in the art. The outer peripheries of such links are contoured prior to assembly into jewelry chains and jewelry rope chains. In one embodiment, the outer periphery of links are contoured during the creation of the link or while the link material is still in the form of a wire. In another embodiment, non-contoured links are arranged on a mandril, and the outer peripheries of such links are then contoured or deformed as desired. Contouring of the outer periphery can be accomplished by hand, machine or the like, using a variety of methods. Prior to contouring of the outer periphery, the individual chain links or material made therefrom may or may not have a gap for intertwining with other links to form a jewelry chain. If individually created links are not provided with a gap, i.e., if the links have continuous inner and outer peripheries, then a gap can be formed into such links as part of the contouring step. The outer peripheries of wire or links used in the formation of jewelry chains and jewelry rope chains may be contoured using a single stroke or pass by a contouring mechanism, or several passes, until the desired contouring is achieved. Multiple contours can also be applied by a single pass of a contouring apparatus having multiple deformation means. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an isometric view of a wire wound around a support illustrating a prior art method of forming links for the assembly of rope chains. 
         FIG. 2  is a front view of a prior art link used in the assembly of rope chains. 
         FIG. 3  is an isometric view of one method of forming chain links for assembly into rope chains, illustrating the contouring the outer periphery of a wire prior to segmenting into individual links. 
         FIG. 4  is a front view of an individual link having a contoured outer periphery formed in accordance with a method of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagrammatic view of a stamping method of forming chain links having contoured outer peripheries for assembly into rope chains and the like. 
         FIG. 6  is a front view of a link that will be contoured in accordance with one method of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is an isometric view of a mandril onto which links are arranged prior to contouring the outer peripheries of such links. 
         FIG. 8  is an edge view of a link arranged on a mandril. 
         FIG. 9  is an isometric view of a plurality of links slidably arranged on a mandril. 
         FIG. 10  is an isometric view of a mandril provided with a stopping means along one edge thereof. 
         FIG. 11  is a top, diagrammatic view of a link-loaded mandril being passed through contouring apparatus. 
         FIG. 12  is a top, diagrammatic view of a link-loaded mandril being passed on each side through a single contouring apparatus. 
         FIG. 13  is a top, diagrammatic view of a link-loaded mandril being passed through multiple contouring apparatus. 
         FIGS. 14   a  through  14   bp  illustrate a variety of individual link configurations capable of being produced in accordance with the method of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15  is an edge view of a link having continuous inner and outer peripheries arranged on a mandril. 
         FIG. 16  is an edge view of a link-loaded mandril passing through contouring apparatus. 
         FIG. 17  is a representation of a rope chain created from links formed in accordance with method of the present invention. 
         FIG. 18  is an edge view of a wire wrapped around a recessed mandril that is contoured by the passage of contouring rollers. 
         FIG. 19  illustrates a wire that has been contoured to conform to the contour of the mandril. 
         FIGS. 20-23  illustrate alternative embodiments of a mandril used in connection with the contouring method of the invention. 
         FIG. 24  illustrates a wire wrapped around a mandril and being contoured by contouring rollers. 
         FIGS. 25-27  illustrate alternative embodiments of contouring rollers used in the method of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Rope chain links are usually contoured after the links are formed into chains by passing such chains through contouring implements, such as cutters, presses and the like. Solid links are conventionally contoured or faceted by cutting, while hollow links are conventionally contoured or faceted by pressing or stamping. 
     In accordance with one of the methods of the present invention, contouring of the outer periphery of chain links occurs prior to assembly of such links into jewelry chains and/or jewelry rope chains. In one embodiment, the wire used in the formation of intertwinable links is contoured and then cut into individual, pre-contoured links. In another embodiment, the outer periphery of non-contoured links are individually contoured prior to the intertwining of such links to form actual jewelry chains. In yet another embodiment, individual links are collectively contoured after they are arranged on a supporting structure, such as a mandril. Such links may be contoured by hand or machine as the case may be. It will be understood that chain links or links of any size, shape, thickness, material and cross-section may be used, for the method of the present invention is not meant to be limited to any particular link configuration. Therefore, while certain link cross-sections are shown for purposes of illustrations, whether they be annular or rectangular, it will be understood that the overall shape of the link could also be oval, triangular, square or the like. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the method of the present invention, non-intertwinable links, i.e., rings or links initially without gaps for intertwining to form rope chains, may be arranged on a supporting mandril, with the gaps formed into such links as part of the contouring process. In other words, as the outer peripheries of the links are being contoured, a gap will be cut between the inner and outer peripheries of such links for intertwining with other links to form rope chains. Consequently, the contouring and the gap creation can be accomplished during a single manufacturing process, which reduces costs, improves efficiency and prevents the creation of a link initially provided with a gap, which can be a complexity when links are formed by stamping or punching. 
     The following detailed description is of the best mode or modes of the invention presently contemplated. Such description is not intended to be understood in a limiting sense, but to be an example of the invention presented solely for illustration thereof, and by reference to which in connection with the following description and the accompanying drawings one skilled in the art may be advised of the advantages and construction of the invention. 
     Intertwinable links used in the formation of jewelry rope chains are usually created using one of two well known methods.  FIG. 1  illustrates one method that is well known in the art, where a solid or hollow wire  5  is first coiled around a support structure  7  and then a portion of such wire is sliced along the longitudinal axis of the support structure  7  to form individual wire segments, which segments are then flattened into intertwinable links. Another well known method of forming links is by stamping or punching, an example of which is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,544,477 to Rozenwasser. 
       FIG. 2  is a front view of a conventional link  10  used in the formation of rope chains, said link  10  having an outer periphery  12  of a predetermined shape, an inner periphery  14  of a predetermined shape, a gap  16  and a thickness  18 . The outer periphery  12  of said link  10  is divided into a gap location  20  along which contouring is not useful, and a contouring surface  22  along which contouring is possible. Said link  10  may be formed from a solid or hollow wire  5  as is known in the art shown in  FIG. 1 , or may be formed by stamping or punching as is also known in the art. Other methods may also be used to form a link that is to be contoured in accordance with the methods of the present invention. Also, it will be understood that while wires and links of certain profiles and cross-sectional configurations are used herein for purposes of illustration herein, any shaped wire and any shaped link may be used. 
     The conventional link  10  of  FIG. 2  used in the assembly of rope chains has certain noteworthy characteristics. First, the inner and outer peripheries  12  and  14  respectively have the same or similar shape. In  FIG. 2 , the link  10  has an annular configuration along its inner and outer periphery. Second, the thickness  18  of the link  10  is generally consistent from end to end. Contrary to convention, the links of the present invention, after they have been contoured in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, however, generally do not have consistent inner and outer peripheries, and generally do not have a consistent thickness throughout. 
     In accordance with one method of the present invention of forming chain links for assembly into rope chains, as shown in  FIG. 3 , a contouring apparatus  90  is drawn across, or is passed across the outer periphery  30  of the wire  5  while the wire  5  is supported on a support structure  7 . One such support structure  7  might be an ice lathe as shown and as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,737,910 to Rozenwasser. Similarly, the contouring apparatus could be stationary, and the wire  5  passed thereby. The outer periphery  30  of the wire  5  is contoured, while the inner periphery  32  remains unaffected, or retains its original shape. Once the outer periphery  30  of the wire has been contoured as desired, the wire is separated into segments and flattened into chain links. 
       FIG. 4  is a front view of a link  25  produced in accordance with the method illustrated in FIG.  3 . The link  25  has a plurality of grooves  34 - 38  along the outer periphery  30 , a gap  40  and an inner periphery  32  that remains unaffected by the contouring apparatus  90 . The gap  40  might be formed during the contouring operation by contouring the outer periphery  30  through to the inner periphery  32 . The grooves  34 - 37  in  FIG. 4  along one side of the outer periphery  30  have the same appearance, while the groove  38  along the other side has a different appearance. Consequently, the contouring operation does not have to be consistent along the entire outer periphery, although it could be if desired. 
     In accordance with another method of the present invention of forming chain links for assembly into rope chains, as shown in  FIG. 5 , a link  45  might be stamped or punched from a single sheet  50 , with such link  45  having a contoured outer periphery  46  and an non-contoured inner periphery  47 . The contouring can comprise a plurality of grooves  48 , 49  on opposite sides, which create a symmetrical appearance along the vertical axis through the center of the link. Several links  45 , therefore, can be assembled into rope chains and other jewelry items that have inner and outer peripheries of different shapes or profiles. In accordance with yet another method of the present invention of forming chain links for assembly into rope chains, such links might also be die extruded or the like, having inner and outer peripheries of different shapes or profiles. 
       FIG. 6  is a front view of a link  60  used to illustrate another method of the present invention of forming chain links for assembly into rope chains. Link  60  has a non-contoured outer and inner periphery  62  and  64  respectively, a gap  66  and a thickness  68 . In accordance with yet another method of the present invention of forming chain links for assembly into rope chains, the outer peripheries  62  of individual links  60  are contoured in unison by, for example, loading such links onto a mandril, which provides a support structure for group contouring. 
       FIG. 7  is an isometric view of a mandril  100  having an outer periphery  110  of a predetermined shape, that, for purposes of explanation, has a cross-section generally in the form of an inverted “T”, comprised of a primary support section  120  and an extended support section or protrusion  130 . The mandril  100  also has a first end or edge  140  and a second end or edge  150 , and may be rigid or flexible depending on the needs of the user. The mandril  100  is designed to support a single link  60  or a plurality of links slidably arranged thereon, for eventual passage of the link-loaded mandril through contouring apparatus. 
       FIG. 8  is an edge view illustration of link  60  situated about or arranged on a mandril  100 , with the outer periphery  110  of mandril  100  designed to accommodate the inner periphery  64  of link  60 , so that link  60  can slide along the outer periphery  110  of mandril  100 . The support section  130  of mandril  100  extends or protrudes into the gap area  66  of the link  10 , which section  130  further supports and centers the link  60  on the mandril  100 . Again, while  FIG. 8  illustrates for purposes of explanation a link having a generally rectangular inner periphery slidably arranged on a mandril having a generally rectangular outer periphery, it will be understood that both the mandril and the link may be designed using other shapes, so long as the link is capable of being suitably arranged along the outer periphery of the mandril and is supportably received thereon. The clearance  125  between the outer periphery  110  of the mandril  100  and the inner periphery  64  of the link  60  will generally be sufficient enough to permit arranging of the link  10  along the mandril, but not too great so that the link  60  wobbles or rocks from side to side on the mandril  100 , or is rotatable on or around said mandril. In other words, movement of the link on or along the mandril is preferably restricted to the axial direction, i.e., along the axis of the mandril. It is not necessary, however, that the clearance  125  be the same between the link and the mandril on all sides of the mandril. Since a link-loaded mandril will be passed through contouring apparatus, such links should be sufficiently supported on the mandril so that such contouring of the outer periphery is consistent, and the clearance  125  between the mandril and the links arranged thereon, particularly adjacent the link section or sections being contoured, should not be great enough to frustrate the consistent contouring of the outer periphery of such links. 
       FIG. 9  is an isometric view of a plurality of links  60   a - 60   g  slidably arranged on a mandril  100 . The links will generally be loaded along an entrance end  150  or edge of the mandril, and slid or extended to the opposite end  140 , where such links will be prevented from sliding off the mandril using a stopping means or member  142  (see  FIG. 10 ) coupled to or disposed at the end  140  of the mandril  100  opposite the entrance end  150 . The stopping member  142 , illustrated in  FIG. 10 , could take the form of a pin, wall or the like, and an equivalent stopping member could also be disposed at the entrance end of the mandril after the links have been arranged thereon to prevent such links from sliding off the entrance end of the mandril. Once links are arranged on a mandril, a hand tool may be drawn across the outer peripheries of such links to contour such outer peripheries as desired. Such hand tool may be used to cut, score, bend or otherwise deform the outer peripheries of such links until the desired surface configuration is achieved. The contouring operation does not, however, effect the contouring of the inner peripheries of such links. 
     Hand contouring can be somewhat difficult, particularly if the metal is hard or the desired outer periphery contour is intricate. Conventional contouring is usually accomplished by diamond-cutting contouring apparatus or by punches, presses or the like.  FIG. 11  is a top, diagrammatic view of a mandril  100  with a plurality of links  60 , arranged thereon, defined collectively as a link-loaded mandril  300 , being passed through contouring apparatus  200  and  250 . Similarly, the contouring apparatus could movably act upon a link-loaded mandril for contouring of the links, and it is not necessary that the link-loaded mandril be the moveable part that travels through the contouring apparatus. Contouring apparatus  200  and  250  may be cutters, shapers or the like, and act upon any portion of the outer peripheries, and preferably the contouring surface and not the gap location, of the links that are passed therethrough. For example, while  FIG. 11  illustrates the contouring of opposite sides of the links, it will be appreciated that the upper and lower portions of the outer peripheries of the links may also be contoured, depending on the design of the contouring apparatus and the section of the links passed therethrough. Furthermore, while a pair of contouring apparatus  200  and  250  is shown, only one contouring apparatus,  200  or  250  for example, may be necessary if only one side of the outer periphery of the links are to be contoured, or, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , if opposite sides are to be contoured in an identical manner and a link-loaded mandril  300  can be passed through such contouring apparatus once along each side of the mandril. 
       FIG. 13  is a top, diagrammatic view of a link-loaded mandril  300 , showed representatively by a single line, being passed through three pairs or sets of contouring apparatus  200   a-c  and  250   a-c . The first two pairs of contouring apparatus  200   a,b  and  250   a,b , for example, might contour the sides of the outer peripheries of the links, while the third pair of contouring apparatus  200   c  and  250   c , for example, might contour the upper and lower portions of the outer peripheries of the links. It will be appreciated, with particular reference to  FIGS. 11 and 12 , that the mandril upon which the links are loaded or arranged should preferably be flexible to allow a link-loaded mandril to pass through contouring apparatus if such passage occurs along a circuitous route. A flexible mandril also allows a link-loaded mandril to repeatedly pass through the same contouring apparatus so that different portions of the outer peripheries can be contoured, see  FIG. 11 , or to pass through different contouring apparatus arranged in a non-linear fashion as shown for example in FIG.  12 . 
     While  FIGS. 7-13  illustrate the use of a mandril for practicing the method of the present invention, other contouring apparatus may be used in a similar manner. For example, instead of using a mandril, groups of links might be arranged on an ice lathe, which is known in the art for contouring assembled chains, and then such links might be similarly frozen and contoured until the outer periphery assumes a desired appearance. Other supporting apparatus might be used to produce a similar desired effect. 
       FIGS. 14   a - 14   bp  illustrate a variety of individual link configurations capable of being produced in accordance with any of the methods of the present invention, each link having a uniquely and fashionably contoured outer periphery, with a non-contoured inner periphery, and a non-uniform thickness along at least one portion of the link as compared with other portions of the link. Such figures are only representative, and are by no means exhaustive of the possible contouring variations capable of being produced using the method of the present invention. Many of the links illustrated in  FIGS. 14   a - 14   bp  have unique outer peripheral surface features. For example, some links have at least one concave surface  70  on at least one outer wall, while others have at least one flat surface  71 . Other features present on at least one outer wall include at least one laterally tapering wall  72  toward one end of the outer periphery, an indent  73 , a convex surface  74 , an outer peripheral surface  75  that is parallel in profile to the adjacent inner peripheral surface, a protrusion  76  and a plurality of “C”-shaped indentations. Other features not specifically detailed above will also be apparent with reference to such figures. The outer peripheries can also be contoured so that the links appear symmetrical about the vertical axis as shown in  FIG. 14   a , or non-symmetrical about any axis as shown in  FIG. 14   d . Of course, the contouring possibilities are limitless. However, in each case, only the outer periphery is contoured without affecting the inner periphery. Another feature of all links shown in  FIGS. 14   a  through  14   bp  is that the thickness of each link is not uniform in at least one portion of the link.  FIGS. 14   n  and  14   o  in particular illustrate a simple rectangular link where the outer periphery has been contoured so that the thickness of the vertically extending portions  78  is different from the horizontally extending portions  79 , while the profile of the inner periphery remains unchanged. Of course, while  FIGS. 14   n  and  14   o  illustrate a symmetric outer peripheral contouring resulting in a non-uniform thickness throughout the link, such contouring could also be non-symmetric as shown in many of the links illustrated in  FIGS. 14   a  through  14   bp . Irrespective of the symmetrical nature of the outer peripheral contouring, the thickness along at least one portion of the perimeter of all of the links illustrated in  FIGS. 14   a  through  14   bp  is not uniform, whereas a prior art link of  FIG. 2 , which would be assembled into a rope chain as is, i.e., without a contoured outer periphery, would have a uniform thickness  18  throughout. 
       FIG. 15  illustrates an edge view of a link  400  arranged on a mandril  500 , where said link  400  has a continuous outer periphery  420  and a continuous inner periphery  430 , with a thickness  450  defined therebetween. Link  400  is not initially capable of being intertwined with other links to form a rope chain as is known in the art, since such link has continuous inner and outer peripheries with no gap defined therein. However, in accordance with the method of the present invention and with particular reference to  FIG. 16 , a gap  440  may be formed in the link  400 , for enabling said link  400  to intertwine with other links to form a rope chain, as part of the contouring step. In other words, a gap  440  may be contoured into or through the links using contouring apparatus  600  having a gap-creating contouring bit  610 , while the remaining outer periphery of the links may be fashionably contoured as described in any of the above described methods. The contouring of the outer periphery of the links and/or the creation of a gap in a link having continuous inner and outer peripheries can occur simultaneously, or at different times, depending on the construction of the contouring apparatus acting upon a link-loaded mandril. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates the creation of a gap region  440  in a link  400  or a plurality of links loaded or arranged on a mandril as previously described. The mandril  500  of  FIGS. 15 and 16  is not equipped with a protrusion akin to the protrusion  130  of mandril  100  described previously, for the obvious reason that the links  400  are not initially provided with a gap to accommodate such a mandril protrusion. Even though the links  400  are not initially created or provided with a gap, and the mandril  500  is not provided with a gap-extensive protrusion member, the links remain supported on the mandril  500  by the interaction between the outer periphery  510  of the mandril  500  and the inner periphery of the link or links  400 , both before and after a gap is fashioned or contoured into the links. For example, the rectangular configuration of both the outer periphery of the mandril and the inner periphery of the link and the slidable clearance present therebetween when the links are arranged on the mandril, prevent the links from rotating or rocking or wobbling about the mandril, thereby assuring consistent contouring of the outer peripheries of the links. Other mandril and link shapes and cross sections will also be operative, so long as the mandril prevents the links from rotating about the mandril or otherwise jeopardizing the consistent contouring of the outer periphery of the links during passage through contouring apparatus. 
     Once the outer peripheries of the links have been contoured, which might or might not include the creation of a gap depending on whether or not the links have been provided with a gap, the links are removed from the mandril and assembled into rope chains as illustrated in FIG.  17 . While the method of the present invention is particularly applicable to a method of forming links for use in rope chains, it will be understood that such links may be used for other purposes. For example, fashionably contoured links might be used to create other items of jewelry, such as other jewelry chains, earrings, bracelets, or the like, or such contoured links might be used in other areas of commerce not necessarily related to jewelry items. 
       FIG. 18  illustrates a method of contouring and forming jewelry chain links according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. A mandril  700  having an outer periphery  705  is provided with at least one recessed portion  710 , around which is arranged an uncontoured chain link or a plurality of chain links (see, for example,  FIGS. 8 and 9 ) or a wire (see, for example,  FIG. 3 )  800 . For purposes of explanation, reference number  800  will represent a wire having a round cross section, it being understood that the method illustrated in  FIG. 18  could also be applied to at least one link or a plurality of links as discussed in connection with some of the previous embodiments (see, for example, FIGS.  8  and  9 ). Such wire maybe hollow or solid as is known in the art, and may have any cross sectional configuration as is also known in the art. 
     The wrapped wire  800  has an outer periphery  805  and an inner periphery  810 , the inner periphery  810  preferably being configured for wrapping along the outer periphery  705  of the mandril  700 . The inner periphery  810  of the wrapped wire also preferably, initially at least, has an overall shape that is different than the outer periphery  705  of the mandril  700 . Once the wire  800  is arranged on the mandril  700 , a roller  900  or a plurality of rollers  900 ,  910  are advanced along the outer periphery  805  of the wrapped wire  800 , which causes the outer and inner peripheries of the wrapped wire to deform as shown in FIG.  19 . The rollers  900 ,  910  can be drawn across the wire  800 , or the mandril  700  can be passed in between the rollers  900 ,  910  as the case may be. Alternatively, the rollers can be supported within a bearing (not shown), which bearing moves relative to, with respect to, across or along the mandril. 
     While two rollers  900 ,  910  are shown, only one roller  900  may be used if desired. For example, it might be desirable to contour only side of the link  800 , in which case only one roller  900  would be necessary. Or, one roller  900  may be drawn across the wire  800  in one pass, then the wire  800  and mandril  700  may be rotated 180°, then the same roller  900  may be drawn across the uncontoured side of the wire  800 , such that the finally contoured wire is symmetrically contoured. 
     In particular, each roller  900  or  910  causes the inner periphery  810  of the wrapped wire  800  to conform to the shape of the outer periphery  705  of the mandril  700 , particularly along the locations where the roller  900  and/or  910  contact the wire  800 . Thus, if the outer periphery  705  of the mandril  700  has a recessed portion  710  as shown in  FIG. 18 , then the contouring achieved by the force of the roller  900  against the wire  800  causes the wire to deform inwardly toward the recessed portion  710  on the mandril outer periphery  705 . 
     A variety of wire and/or link configurations can be achieved by modifying the shape of the outer periphery  705  of the mandril  700 . For example,  FIGS. 20-23  illustrate a variety of mandril configurations  700   a - 700   d  having a variety of shaped outer peripheries  705   a - 705   d . Thus, the recessed portions can be symmetric or asymmetric depending on the desired wire and/or link shape. In addition, recessed portions can be present along the entire outer peripheries of the mandril, and not just along opposite sides as shown in  FIGS. 18 and 19 . The exotic mandril configurations of  FIGS. 20-23  would necessitate the use of similarly exotic roller configurations (not shown) for conforming the inner peripheries of the wrapped wire to the outer peripheral shapes of the mandrils. For example, four rollers (not shown) positioned 90° apart from each other would be required to contour a wire disposed about the mandril  700   b  of  FIG. 21  if it is desired to conform the inner periphery of such wire to the recessed outer periphery  705   b  of such mandril  700   b . Of course, only one roller may be necessary if the mandril  700   b  is going to be rotated 90° after each pass of the roller along the outer periphery of the wire. Thus, the mandril, the rollers or both may be moved and rearranged during the contouring process. 
     It should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the use of a mandril having a square configuration, but can include mandrils having different configurations and different outer peripheries, all depending on the desired appearance of the wire, the chain links and the resultant chain created therefrom.  FIG. 24  illustrates the use of a mandril  700   e  having a round outer periphery  705   e  that does not have any recessed portions. The outer periphery  805   e  of the wire  800   e  is contoured by an elongated roller  900   e  along one side of the link  800   e , which roller  900   e  creates flat facets as shown, and by a somewhat pointed roller  901   e  along the other side of the wire  800   e.    
     The rollers of the present invention can be used to deform the outer periphery of the wire and/or to create a flattened portion or facet as described above. For instance, the wire may be deformed by an initial application of the roller against the outer periphery of the wire. Thereafter, a further application of force against the wire can result in the creation of a facet at a concentrated location along the outer periphery. 
     Not only does the shape of the mandril determine the shape of the contour applied to the outer periphery of the wire, but also the shape of the rollers. For example,  FIGS. 25-27  illustrate a variety of rollers configurations  900   a - 900   c , which when applied to the outer periphery of a wrapped wire, can create a variety of wire and/or chain link outer peripheral configurations. The roller  900   a  of  FIG. 25 , having a plurality of concave portions, would create a wire or link having a side configuration  72  similar to that shown in  FIG. 14   e . A wrapped wire can be passed along both sides of the roller  900   a  of  FIG. 25  to create an outer peripheral configuration similar to the link shown in  FIG. 14L  (lowercase “L”), for example. The roller  900   b  of  FIG. 26 , having both convex and concave portions, when applied against a wrapped wire would result in a link having an indented side similar to  73  shown in  FIG. 14   f . However, if roller  900   b  of  FIG. 26  was positioned along both sides of a wrapped wire, then the outer periphery of the resultant link might appear similar to  FIG. 14   e . Or, if a link was positioned between rollers  900   b  of  FIG. 26 and 900   c  of  FIG. 27  such that the pointed ends of the rollers are facing each other, then the resultant link outer periphery might appear similar to the link shown in  FIG. 14   h.    
     Consistent with the discussions noted above, the embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 18-27  may be used on links provided with or without gaps. Or, the contouring steps may be used to fashion gaps into the links for purposes of intertwining links to form jewelry chains or jewelry rope chains. 
     While the present invention has been described at some length and with some particularity with respect to the several described embodiments, it is not intended that it should be limited to any such particulars or embodiments or any particular embodiment, but it is to be construed with references to the appended claims so as to provide the broadest possible interpretation of such claims in view of the prior art and, therefore, to effectively encompass the intended scope of the invention.