Patent Publication Number: US-9427192-B2

Title: Touch-sensitive device and method

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. §120 of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/467,943, filed on May 18, 2009, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,786,575 on Jul. 22, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and for any purpose. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Touch screens are widely used for inputting data in a variety of electronic devices including hand-held devices such as mobile phones and cameras. In prior art touch screen applications, a touch screen sensor panel is disposed over or under a display and the sensor panel is used predominately for indicating a touch, possibly the location of the touch, and/or the force of the touch. Higher level functionality is not typically tied to the touch screen device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several examples in accordance with the disclosure and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope. The disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG. 1  depicts a touch-sensitive device having biometric information determination capabilities according to certain examples of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2 a    depicts a touch screen component of a touch sensitive device according to certain examples of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2 b    depicts a spectroscopic component according to certain examples of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  depicts a touch-sensitive device comprising integrated touch screen and spectroscopic components according to certain examples of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram of a computing device in which a touch sensitive display device may be integrated in order to execute methods for determining biometric information in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  depicts a cross-sectional view of a touch-sensitive device according to certain examples of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 6 a    is a diagram of a system suitable for integrating with touch-sensitive devices in accordance with certain examples of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 6 b    is a flowchart of a computer-implemented method for sensing a touch on a touch-sensitive device and determining biometric information according to certain examples of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative examples described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other examples may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the Figures, may be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated herein. 
     This disclosure is drawn to methods, systems, apparatuses, and computer programs related to gathering biometric information from a touch sensitive sensor. In some implementations, the touch sensor may be incorporated into a touch sensitive device, a touch screen device, or other system. The touch sensitive device may be provided with near infrared or other spectroscopy components to include capturing of biometric data. Generally, any suitable type of touch sensitive device and any type of spectroscopy device may be used. Such system, including touch sensitive and spectroscopy devices, may be used with computers, terminals, mobile phones, digital appliances such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite navigation devices, exercise equipment, security devices, or devices. 
     A touch screen is a display which may detect the presence and, in some implementations, location and/or force of a touch within a display area. The term generally refers to touch or contact to the display of the device by a finger or hand. Various touch technologies have been developed including, for example, capacitive touch, resistive touch, surface acoustic wave touch, electromagnetic touch, projected capacitance touch screens, strain gauge touch, optical imaging touch, near field imaging touch, dispersive signal technology touch, frustrated internal touch reflectance, acoustic pulse recognition touch, or other suitable touch technology. For the purposes of this description, any suitable touch screen technology may be used with a system, device, or apparatus described herein. Using various touch screen technology, a transmitter and a receiver are provided, to generate optical energy and receive reflected optical energy, respectively. As used herein, touch sensitive device, touch sensitive display, touch screen, and like terms are generally intended to include all forms of touch sensitivity technology and may not include display functionality. Further, a touch event is intended to include direct contact to such touch device but may further include near contact with such touch device when supported by the touch technology. 
     Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy refers to spectroscopy that uses wavelengths in the near infrared spectrum, generally from approximately 800 nm to approximately 2500 nm. NIR spectroscopy may be used to quantitatively identify levels of concentration at chemicals, such as blood analytes. NIR spectroscopy further may be used to identify changes in concentration of such chemicals among other interfering chemicals. Algorithmic processes, such as chemo metrics, may be used to separate specific molecular signatures of desired chemicals from the noise contributed by interfering compounds. While NIR spectroscopy is specifically discussed herein, it is to be appreciated that, in other implementations, mid-range spectroscopy, far range spectroscopy, or white light spectroscopy may alternatively be used. 
     Wavelengths in the NIR range may penetrate the human body, for example for up to several centimeters. Accordingly, NIR spectroscopy may be used as a tool for non-invasive quantitation of certain biomarkers. For example, NIR spectroscopy may be used to determine levels of blood glucose, blood alcohol, bilirubin, cholesterol, and blood oxygenation. Further, individuals may have unique spectroscopic signatures. 
     Accordingly, NIR spectroscopy may be used as a method of biometric identification. A spectroscopic signature thus may be developed for individuals using any suitable method including, for example, that taught by U.S. Pat. No. 6,560,352. The term “biometric information” is used herein and is intended to refer to any information that may be gathered using spectroscopy including information regarding specific chemicals, information regarding biometric identification, or other information. 
     Accordingly, as taught herein, a transmitter and a receiver may be used to generate optical energy to determine touch to a touch sensitive device and that optical energy may further be used to derive spectroscopic information, and thereby biometric information, regarding the individual making the touch. In some examples, the described touch technology may require direct contact, generally leading to an improved signal to noise (SNR) ratio, while in other examples near contact may be sufficient without direct contact. 
       FIG. 1  depicts a touch-sensitive device having biometric information determination capabilities according to certain examples of the present disclosure. An example system  10  may comprise a touch screen component  12  and a spectroscopy component  14 , as shown in  FIG. 1 . The touch screen component  12  and spectroscopy component  14  may be provided as part of a further device  18 . Alternatively, the touch screen component  12  and spectroscopy component  14  may form the complete system. For the purposes of illustration only, particular reference will be made to capacitive touch screen devices. 
       FIG. 2 a    depicts a touch screen component of a touch sensitive device according to certain examples of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 2 a   , the touch screen component  12  may include a touch panel  20 , a touch-sensitive surface  21 , a display screen  22 , a transmitter  24   a , a receiver (or sensor)  26   a , and a processor  28   a.    
     In some examples, the touch panel  20  may be a substantially transparent panel with a touch-sensitive surface  21 , Generally, the touch panel  20  may be manufactured of a material that is both optically transparent and NIR transparent. For example, the touch panel  20  may be formed of a suitable polymer, quartz, or glass treated to enhance transparency in desired spectra. The touch panel  20  may be positioned in front of the display screen  22  so that the touch-sensitive surface  21  covers the viewable area of the display screen  22 . The display screen  22  operates to display information, data, pictures, and the like to the user. 
     The transmitter  24   a  may comprise an infrared (IR) transmitter for transmitting IR radiation. Correspondingly, the receiver  26   a  may comprise an IR receiver for receiving IR radiation reflected by a finger or other object in proximity to the panel. The transmitter and receiver may alternatively be configured for transmitting and receiving, respectively, near-infrared or other radiation but, for the sake of simplicity, reference will be made to NIR herein. Generally, the type of receiver is selected to match the corresponding type of transmitter. 
     The transmitter  24   a  may be an optical energy source and may be positioned in any suitable location to illuminate the touch panel  20 . The position of the transmitter  24   a  may depend on the type of transmitter used or other factors. In the example shown in  FIG. 2 , the transmitter  24   a  is provided generally below the touch panel  20  and touch panel surface  21 . In some examples, the transmitter  24   a  may be provided along a periphery of the touch panel  20  or in another location. 
     An optical fiber (not shown) may be provided to direct the optical energy to suitable location on the touch panel  20 . The type of optical energy produced by the transmitter  24   a  may also vary, for example, depending on the touch screen technology used. In some examples, light emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, or incandescent or halogen bulbs may be used. The transmitter  24   a  or  24   h  may include a single light source or a plurality of light sources. 
     The receiver  26   a  may be a charge-coupled device (CCD), an indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) semiconductor device, a lead sulfide (PbS) detector element, or some other suitable device and may be positioned in any suitable location to receive optical energy reflected by the touch of a user on the touch panel  20 . 
     The position of the receiver  26   a  may depend on the type of receiver used or other factors. Generally, the receiver may be positioned in any suitable location to receive energy reflected from the user. In the example shown, the receiver  26   a  may be provided generally below the transmitter  24   a . Such position may be used, for example, with frustrated total internal reflectance touch screen technology. In alternative examples, the receiver  26   a  may be positioned along a periphery of the touch panel or in other locations, such as separate from the touch-sensitive device. 
     In some examples, the touch screen component  12  may not include a display screen  22 . In general, the touch screen component  12  may recognize a touch event, and the processor  28   a  may interpret the touch and thereafter perform an action, such as determination of biometric information or of touch position, based on the touch event. 
       FIG. 2 b    depicts a spectroscopic component  14  according to certain examples of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 2 b   , the spectroscopy component  14  may include a touch panel  20  and touch sensitive surface  21  (both of which may be common to the spectroscopic component  14  and the touch screen component  12 ), a transmitter  24   b , a receiver  26   b , and a processor  28   h . As shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , in some examples, separate transmitters, receivers, and/or processor may be provided for each of the touch screen component  12  and the spectroscopic component  14 .  FIGS. 2 and 3  illustrate separate transmitters, receivers, and processors ( 24   a  and  24   b ,  26   a  and  26   b , and  28   a  and  28   b , respectively). 
     The processor  28   b  of the spectroscopic component  14  may perform an analysis based on data from the sensor to provide biometric information. The transmitter  24   b  of the spectroscopic component have like characteristics to the transmitter of the touch screen component and discussion of the transmitter  24   a  is intended to apply also to the transmitter  24   b . Accordingly, the transmitter may comprise, for example, an infrared (IR) transmitter for transmitting. IR radiation. Correspondingly, the receiver  26   b  may comprise an IR receiver for receiving IR radiation reflected by a finger or other object in proximity to the panel. 
     Like the transmitter  24   a  of the touch screen component, the transmitter  24   b  may be an optical energy source and may be positioned in any suitable location to illuminate the touch panel  20 . In the example shown in  FIG. 3 , the transmitter  24   b  is provided generally below the touch panel  20  and touch panel surface  21 . In some examples, the transmitter  24   b  may be provided along a periphery of the touch panel  20  or in another location. 
     The receiver  26   b  of the spectroscopic component have like characteristics to the receiver of the touch screen component and discussion of the receiver  26   a  is intended to apply also to the receiver  26   b . Accordingly, the receiver  26   b  may be a charge-coupled device (CCD), an indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) semiconductor device, a lead sulfide (PbS) detector element, or some other suitable device and may be positioned in any suitable location to receive optical energy reflected by the touch of a user on the touch panel  20 . 
       FIG. 3  depicts a touch-sensitive device comprising integrated touch screen and spectroscopic components  12 / 14  according to certain examples of the present disclosure. As shown, the device may include a touch panel  20 , a touch-sensitive surface  21 , a display screen  22 , one or more common transmitters  24   a/b , one or more common receivers (or sensors)  26   a/b , and a processor  28   a.    
     Accordingly, in some examples, a single transmitter, a single receiver, and a single processor may be provided and may be common to the touch screen component  12  of  FIG. 2 a    and the spectroscopic component  14  of  FIG. 2 b   . A shared single transmitter, receiver, or processor may be referred to as a common transmitter  24   a/b , a common receiver  26   a/b , or a common processor  28   a/b . Accordingly, if one or more of the transmitter, receiver, and processor is common to the touch screen component  12  and the spectroscopy component  14 , the system may comprise an integrated touch sensitive and spectroscopy component. 
     In the example of  FIG. 3 , two common transmitters  24   a/b  are provided along a periphery of the touch panel  20 . These transmitters may be arranged to emit optical energy at different wavelengths. For example, one common transmitter may be used for biometric identification and another common transmitter may be used for analyte (such as blood glucose) measurement. 
     In the example of a common transmitter  24   a/b  for use as a transmitter  24   a  for detecting optical energy for determining touch location and a transmitter  24   b  for detecting optical energy for determining biometric information by the touch. The optical energy emitted by the common transmitter  24   a/b  may have a wavelength that is absorbed differently based upon analyte concentration in the blood. In the case of near-infrared spectroscopy, the optical energy emitted by the common transmitter  24   a/b  may be in the near infrared range (approximately 800 nm to approximately 1400 nm). In alternative examples, the optical energy may be in the range of 680 nm to 2500 nm). Further, other ranges in the light spectrum may be used. The wavelength used may be selected based on the analyte of interest to be detected in the blood of a user. 
     The common receiver  26   a/b  may be configured such that a sample of the reflected optical energy (or signal) may be sampled with a first receiver (such as a single CCD) to determine a location of touch and the remaining reflected optical energy or signal) may be routed to a second receiver for spectral analysis. As shown, in some examples, multiple receivers may be provided, for example multiple common receivers  26   a / 26   b  for receiving reflected optical energy at different wavelengths. Alternatively, multiple receivers  26   a  and/or multiple receivers  26   b  may be provided. Different biometric information may be gathered from optical energy at different wavelengths. It is to be appreciated that in various examples, filters (not shown) may be provided, for example, between the touch panel  20  and the receiver to filter out optical energy having wavelengths in a non-desired spectrum. 
     Referring to touch sensitive devices from any of the examples discussed above, light emitted from the transmitter  24   a ,  24   b , or  24   a/b  may be directed to the surface of the touch panel  20 . When it user contacts the surface of the touch panel  20 , light emitted from the transmitter may in part be reflected from the user&#39;s skin. Generally, the amount or other property of light reflected may depend on concentrations of analytes in the blood of the user. For example, in those regions of the spectrum in which the user&#39;s skin absorbs optical energy or light, some portion of the light may not be reflected hack. It is these regions of absorbance that may provide information for quantification of fir example, analyte level. The receiver  26   a ,  26   b , or  26   a/b  thus may sense light reflected back as a result of touch by the user. Dispersive elements such as prisms or gratings (not shown) may be provided to pass the reflected light to the receiver. Generally, the receiver is configured to receive reflected optical energy at the wavelength transmitted by the transmitter. Thus, if the transmitter transmits optical energy at a first wavelength, the receiver receives optical energy at the first wavelength. 
     For some analyte measurements, it may be desirable to provide at least two receivers (and in some examples, two transmitters). Specifically, at least two receivers may be provided for simultaneously measuring absorbance of two specific regions in the relevant spectrum: a reference wavelength and a measuring wavelength. The transmitter thus may emit energy at least in the region of the referencing wavelength and the measuring wavelength. An IR absorbance spectra may be generated for any analyte of interest. Generally, such spectra will show that, in certain regions of the IR spectrum, there is a correlation between absorbance and the concentration of that analyte. Further, there typically is a region in which the absorbance is not at all dependent upon the concentration of that analyte. The processor  28   a  or  28   b  thus may use these two regions in the IR spectra as a referencing wavelength and a measuring wavelength, respectively. 
     The processor may be used to determine location of touch based on the reflected optical energy received by the receiver and the processor may be used to determine biometric information based on the reflected optical energy received by the receiver. In a fully integrated system, a processor may be used to determine location of touch and biometric information based on reflected optical energy received by the receiver. Thus, information, such as a signal, may be transmitted from the receiver to the processor, for example via a bus. The information may be data including an amount of optical energy received at a particular wavelength. The processor may use the information coupled with chemometric, or other algorithms (including multivariate analysis, partial least squares, or other suitable calibration modeling technique) to develop the desired information. The processor may be configured to transmit the developed information to the touch screen display or to other output device and/or may store the developed information in system memory. 
     When a referencing wavelength and a measuring wavelength are received by the receiver, those wavelength components in the reflected energy may be quantified, by the processor to determine the level of a desired analyte, such as glucose. 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram of a computing device in which a touch sensitive display device may be integrated in order to execute methods for determining biometric information in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown, the computing device  900  includes an integrated touch-sensitive display device and spectroscopy device that may be used to obtain biometric information via touch. Thus, for example, the system  10  described in relation to  FIG. 1  may be integrated within a computing device  900  in accordance with some implementations. 
     In a very basic configuration  901 , the computing device  900  may include one or more processors  910  (such as separate processors  28   a  and  28   b  Or a common processor  28   a / 28   b ) and system memory  920 . A memory bus  930  may be used for communicating between the processor  910  and the system memory  920 . 
     Depending on the desired configuration, the processor  910  may be of any type including but not limited to a microprocessor (μP), a microcontroller (μC), a digital signal processor (DSP), an ARM968 processor, other processor with suitable functionality and capabilities, or any combination thereof. The processor  910  may include one more levels of caching, such as a level one cache  911  and a level two cache  912 , a processor core  913 , and registers  914 . The processor core  913  may include an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a floating point unit (FPU), a digital signal processing core (DSP Core), or any combination thereof. In alternative implementations, the touchscreen system may have dedicated logic, such as a state machine. A memory controller  915  may also be used with the processor  910 , or in some implementations the memory controller  915  may be an internal part of the processor  910 . In some embodiments, the touch screen, processor, and peripherals may be integrated into a single application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). 
     Depending on the desired configuration, the system memory  920  may be of any type including but not limited to volatile memory (such as RAM), non-volatile memory (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.) or any combination thereof. System memory  920  typically includes an operating system  921 , one or more applications  922 , and program data  924 . Application  922  may include an algorithm  923  that is arranged to process information from the spectroscopy device to determine desired biometric information. Program data  924  may include, for example, biometric data  925  that is useful for correlating information gathered by the spectroscopy device to the appropriate biometric information, for example correlating data to analyte levels. In some examples, application  922  may be arranged to operate with program data  924  on an operating system  921  such that biometric information may be determined. This described basic configuration is illustrated in  FIG. 4  by those components within dashed line  901 . 
     The computing device  900  may have additional features or functionality, and additional interfaces to facilitate communications between the basic configuration  901  and any required devices and interfaces. For example, a bus/interface controller  940  may be used to facilitate communications between the basic configuration  901  and one or more data storage devices  950  via a storage interface bus  941 . The data storage devices  950  may be removable storage devices  951 , non-removable storage devices  952 , or a combination thereof. Examples of removable storage and non-removable storage devices include magnetic disk devices such as flexible disk drives and hard-disk drives (HDD), optical disk drives such as compact disk (CD) drives or digital versatile disk (DVD) drives, solid state drives (SSD), and tape drives to name a few. Examples of computer storage media may include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. 
     System memory  920 , removable storage  951  and non-removable storage  952  are all examples of computer storage media. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology. CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which may be used to store the desired information and which may be accessed by computing device  900 . Any such computer storage media may be part of computing device  900 . 
     The computing device  900  may also include an interface bus  942  for facilitating communication from various interface devices (e.g., output interfaces, peripheral interfaces, and communication interfaces) to the basic configuration  901  via the bus/interface controller  940 . Examples of output devices  960  include a graphics processing unit  961  and an audio processing unit  962 , which may be configured to communicate to various external devices such as a display or speakers via one or more A/V ports  963 . Examples of peripheral interfaces  970  include a serial interface controller  971  or a parallel interface controller  972 , which may be configured to communicate with external devices such as input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device, touch input device, etc.) or other peripheral devices (e.g., printer, scanner, etc.) via one or more I/O ports  973 . An example of a communication device  980  includes a network controller  981 , which may be arranged to facilitate communications with one or more other computing devices  990  over a network communication via one or more communication ports  982 . The communication connection is one example of a communication media. Communication media may typically be embodied by computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery media. A “modulated data signal” may be a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media may include wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency (KR microwave, infrared (IR) and other wireless media. The term computer readable media as used herein may include both storage media and communication media. 
     The computing device  900  may be implemented as a portion of a small-form factor portable (or mobile) electronic device such as a cell phone, a personal data assistant (PDA), a personal media player device, a wireless web-watch device, a personal headset device, an application specific device, or a hybrid, device that include any of the above functions. The computing device  900  may also be implemented as a personal computer including both laptop computer and non-laptop computer configurations. The computing device  900  may also be implemented as an interactive system such as an information kiosk, television, or a gaming device. 
       FIG. 5  depicts a cross-sectional view of a touch-sensitive device according to certain examples of the present disclosure. As described more fully below, the touch-sensitive device  100  may, in some examples, comprise a capacitive sensing medium having a plurality of rows  120  (also referred to as row traces or driving lines) and a plurality of columns  110  or (also referred to as column traces or sensing lines), although other sensing media may alternatively be used. The row and column traces may be formed from a transparent conductive medium, such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or Antimony Tin Oxide (ATO), other transparent and non-transparent materials, such as copper, or other suitable medium. In some examples, the row and column traces may be formed perpendicular to each other, although in other examples, non-orthogonal orientations are possible. In various examples, the rows and columns may be formed on a single side of a substrate, may be formed on opposite sides of a substrate, or may be formed on two separate substrates separated by a dielectric material. In some examples, the dielectric material may be transparent, such as glass, or formed of other materials, such as mylar. An additional dielectric cover layer may be placed over the row or column traces to strengthen the structure and protect the device from damage. 
     In the specific example of  FIG. 5 , the touch screen device  100  is configured to serve as both a touch screen and a display, and includes: a first touch-sensitive display layer  101 , a second touch-sensitive display layer  102 , first layer columns  110 , second layer rows  120 , nodes  121 , a receiver  130   a , including measurement circuitry  130   b , a processor  140 , a transmitter  150   a , including drive circuitry  150   b , and a memory  160 . The drive circuitry  150   b  may, in some examples, includes row drivers  151 , column drivers  152 , and timing circuitry  153 . 
     The first touch-sensitive display layer  101  includes a series of columns  110 . The second touch-sensitive display layer  102  includes a series of rows  120 . The first touch-sensitive layer  101  is disposed over the second touch-sensitive display layer  102 . Columns  110  and rows  120  may be formed of one or more conductive layers separated by a series of organic layers. When a voltage is applied to the touch-sensitive display device  100 , columns  110  and rows  120  are oppositely charged, and each column  110 /row  120  intersection point corresponds to a node  121  of the touch-sensitive display device  100  that may carry a reference signal (e.g., a sine wave reference signal). The node  121  may be illuminated. A node  121  may be considered a type or part of a transistor and/or may be considered a display pixel. The transmitter  150   a  may be configured to emit an optical energy that is directed to the first and second layers  101 ,  102 . 
     At node(s)  121  where the display is touched, at least a portion of incident light emitted from the transmitter  150   a  may be reflected back to the receiver  130   a . In some examples, measurement circuitry  130   b  of the receiver may experience as change as a result of the touch, such as a change in voltage due to a capacitance change in the display. This is because when a linger touches the screen, the finger (i.e., the living, body) has stored electrons and exhibits a capacitance. The touch draws as certain amount of the current to the point of contact, which creates a change in voltage, e.g., a voltage drop or increase in capacitance. Thus, touching the display may change the amount of capacitance between the first and second layers  101 ,  102  from a nominal capacitance value to some other value. In touch screen examples, for each of the nodes  121  and associated measurement circuitry  130  affected by the touch, a processor  140  may be arranged to receive and compares the differences between signals associated with the measurement circuitry  130  affected by the touch to determine the location of the touch on the display. 
     As previously noted, other types of touch screen technology may be used and location of touch need not be measured based on capacitance. Further, in some examples, location of touch may not be determined and the receiver may merely note that a touch event has occurred and use that information to trigger processor development of biometric information based on reflected optical energy received by the receiver  130   a.    
     In some examples, a power source  158  may be provided as part of the transmitter  150   a  or separately therefrom. According to some examples, the power source  158  may be coupled to the display via, for example, connection  159  and may be responsible for generating power sufficient to supply optical energy via the transmitter  150   a , charge in the display and measurement circuitry at a location associated with at least one of the touch sensitive locations to generate a change in respective associated measurement circuitry indicative of the location of the touch, or other power. The transmitter  150   a  may be communicatively coupled with the display via connection  135 . In some examples, measurement circuitry  130   b  may be electrically coupled at each node  121  via connection  133 . In addition, the processor  140  may be communicatively coupled to receiver  130   a  generally via connection  141 , including, in some examples, to measurement circuitry  130   b . The processor  140  may be communicatively coupled to the memory  160  via connection  134 . 
     In examples using capacitive touch technology, at the intersections of the traces, where the traces cross one another, the traces form two electrodes. This is because the traces pass at different layers with respect to one another (e.g., one layer above and one layer below) and do not make direct electrical contact with one another. The intersections may be referred to as “nodes” and may represent pixels of the display. Each intersection of row and column traces may represent a capacitive sensing node. The capacitance between row and column electrodes may appear as a stray capacitance on all columns when the given row is held at DC and as a mutual capacitance Csig when the given row is stimulated with an AC signal. The presence of a finger or other object near or on the panel may be detected by measuring changes to Csig. The columns of the panel may drive one or more analog channels (also referred to as event detection and demodulation circuits). In some examples, each column may be coupled to a dedicated analog channel. In other examples, the columns may be coupleable via an analog switch to a fewer number of analog channels. 
     The touch screen device may include a processor  140  with data  145  associated with the change in the circuit, the degree or magnitude of sine wave distortion sensed by the circuit, or the change in capacitance sensed by the circuit. The processor may use the data from the shared circuit to determine the circuits) experiencing the highest degree of change, and may identify one or more areas of the touch-sensitive display as the location(s) of the touch (e.g., the central force points or the focal points of the touch). 
     Accordingly, in accordance with some implementations, NIR radiation may be emitted across an array of vertical and horizontal traces, rows  120  and columns  110 , using a combined transmitter  150   a . A combined receiver  130   a  may be provided on a receiving end. The receiver  130   a  may comprise one or more CCDs and may be provided a dispersive element. It is to be appreciated that, in some examples, the receiver  130   a  may be a common receiver. Upon detection of a touch event, reflected energy may be communicated from the node  121  to receiver  130   a  via connection  133 . Some portion of the reflected energy (or light) may be sampled and passed to measurement circuitry  130   b  to determine location of touch using processor  140 . The remaining reflected energy (or light) may be passed through the grating and receiver  130   a  to the processor  140  via connection  141  for analysis. In some examples, a set of optical switches may be used to enhance signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by passing active traces to the receiver  130   a.    
     In a further examples, the columns  110  and rows  120  may be provided as an array of optical fibers (not shown). Such fibers may be provided beneath a touch screen display ( 20  of  FIG. 2 a   ). The transmitter  150   a  may be arranged to provide optical energy to the array using a single optical switch, such as a MEMS-based switch, or other suitable switch device. It is to be appreciated that in some examples, the transmitter  150   a  may be a common transmitter. In the example of a transmitter  150   a  including a MEMS-based switch, optical energy may be generated at a single point, directed to the fiber that correlates with a user&#39;s position, and that fiber may transmit and collect, the reflected light. The reflected light may be transmitted to a single receiver  130   a . The receiver  130   a  may generate a signal responsive to the reflected light and transmit the signal to the processor. This example thus may be implemented using a single source of light, a single dispersive element, and a single receiver (such as a set of CCDs). 
     In some implementations, biometric information may be saved to the system memory  160 . The processor (or a separate processor) may be arranged to compare biometric information gathered from the touch with previously stored biometric information. Biometric information may include any information that may be gathered using spectroscopy including information regarding specific chemicals, information regarding biometric identification, or other information. Thus, for example, user history of biometric information, such as glucose levels or cholesterol levels, may be used to make a correlation with respect to whether an individual is following a prescribed diet. 
     The foregoing describes various examples of touch-sensitive displays having biometric information determination capabilities. Following are specific examples of methods, systems and device utilizing at least some of the above-described features of touch-sensitive displays. These are for illustration only and are not intended to be limiting. 
     In one example, a device may be provided with a touch-sensitive display and arranged to operate as a glucometer. The device may be configured as a cell phone, a “pen” or other structure. In one example, a touch sensitive “pen” glucometer may be provided with a touch panel wherein a display functionality of touch panel may not be enabled and a secondary output display is provided for showing the glucometer reading. In another example, a touch-sensitive device, configured as a cell phone, pen, or other structure, may include a touch screen and may be arranged for determining blood alcohol content of a user. In another example, a device requiring security may be configured with a touch sensitive component (device or display) that may include a touch screen and may be arranged for determining biometric identification, for example to determine if a user of a computer is an authorized user. In another example, an exercise device may be configured with a touch sensitive component (device or display that may include a touch screen and may be arranged for determining biometric identification. In some examples, the identification may trigger calling of specific workouts or workout histories. 
     In accordance with one implementation, a device including a display with at least one touch sensitive location, a transmitter, a receiver, and a processor may be provided. The transmitter emits light in the near infrared region and directs the light to the display. The receiver receives reflected light from a user of the device and transmits the reflected light to the processor. The processor analyzes the transmitted light to determine at least one form of biometric information. In various examples, the biometric information may comprise blood analyte levels, biometric identification information or other. 
     In accordance with another implementation, a touch sensitive device comprising a touch sensitive component, a spectroscopy component, and a processor may be provided. The touch sensitive component includes a touch panel suitable for application of a touch event. At least one of the touch sensitive component or the spectroscopy component includes a transmitter for transmitting optical energy at a first wavelength and a receiver for receiving reflected optical energy at the first wavelength, wherein the reflected optical energy is reflected pursuant to the touch event. The processor analyzes the reflected optical energy to determine, at least, biometric information based on the reflected optical energy. 
     In variations of this implementation, the receiver may be common to the touch sensitive component and the spectroscopy component and may comprise a charge-coupled device (CCD). Further, the receiver may be arranged to split the received optical energy into a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion may be used by the processor to determine a location of the touch event and the second portion may be used by the processor to determine biometric information. 
     In further variations, the transmitter may be arranged in common for the touch sensitive component and the spectroscopy component. For example, the transmitter may be arranged to emit optical energy in the range of approximately 800 nanometers to approximately 2500 nanometers, and may comprise one or more light emitting diodes. In some variations, a second receiver may be provided for receiving reflected optical energy at a second wavelength. Differing biometric information may be gathered from optical energy at different wavelengths. 
     The touch sensitive device may be, for example, a portable hand held device. The biometric information may, in some examples, relate to glucose level of the user or to biometric identification information. 
     The touch sensitive device may further include a display and the display may be viewed through the touch sensitive surface. The touch sensitive surface may be infrared transparent. The processor may be configured to transmit the determined biometric information to the display, where the display may be configured to present the biometric information for viewing. 
     In some examples, a plurality of transmitters may be provided with two or more of the transmitters emitting light at different wavelengths. In some variations, the wavelengths may be in a range corresponding to sensitivity of an analyte for measurement. 
     In a further variation, a secondary display may be provided for outputting the determined biometric information. 
       FIG. 6A  is a diagram of a system suitable for integrating with touch-sensitive devices in accordance with certain examples of the present disclosure. A computer program product  600  may be implemented in computing device  500  for sensing a touch event and determining biometric information of a user and, in some examples, location of the touch event. The computer program product  600  includes a signal bearing, medium  610  configured to execute one or more instructions  620 . The signal bearing medium  610  may be configured as a computer-readable medium  622 , a recordable medium  624  and/or a communications medium  626 . The one or more instructions  620  include instructions for transmitting, with a transmitter, optical energy having a first wavelength to a touch panel capable of receiving a touch event, instructions for receiving, with a receiver, optical energy at the first wavelength upon occurrence of a touch event, instructions for transmitting the received optical energy to a processor, and instructions for determining, with the processor, biometric information based on the received optical energy. 
       FIG. 6B  is a flowchart of a computer-implemented method for sensing, a touch on a touch-sensitive device and determining biometric information according to certain examples of the present disclosure. According to  FIG. 6B , the illustrated method  700  may include one or more of operations/actions/blocks  702 ,  704 ,  706 ,  708  and  710 . 
     The method may include providing a device with a touch sensitive component including, a touch panel, the surface being suitable for application of a touch event; and a spectroscopy component, wherein at least one of the touch sensitive component or the spectroscopy component includes a transmitter for transmitting optical energy at a first wavelength to the touch panel display and a receiver for receiving reflected optical energy at the first wavelength, wherein the reflected optical energy is reflected pursuant to the touch event; and a processor for analyzing the reflected optical energy for determining, at least, biometric information based on the reflected optical energy (block  702 ). The method may further includes transmitting, with the transmitter, optical energy having a first wavelength to the touch panel (block  704 ), and receiving, with the receiver, optical energy at the first wavelength upon occurrence of a touch event (block  706 ). The method may then include transmitting the received optical energy to the processor (block  708 ) and determining, with the processor, biometric information based on the received optical energy (block  710 ). 
     Other implementations may provide touch-sensitive displays or touch screens with measurement circuits that employ one or more of capacitive technology, resistive technology, surface acoustic wave/ultrasonic wave technology, acoustic pulse recognition technology, dispersive signal technology, frustrated total internal reflection technology, infrared technology, and/or strain gauge technology. For example, electric, signals associated with sensing a touch on a display employing one or more of the aforementioned technologies may cause electrically coupled display and measurement circuit(s) to experience a change, and a processor in association with measurement circuits coupled to each of the LEDs affected may determine the location of the touch and biometric information associated with the user. 
     According to certain implementations, the device may be operable when one or more portions of the touch screen display are not visibly illuminated. For example, when the portion of the display is not active or not visibly illuminated, optical energy in the NW region may nevertheless be transmitted to the display surface. A touch to the touch-sensitive display may cause the receiver to receive reflected light and trigger processing by the processor. The processor may be arranged to determine biometric information and, in some examples, location of the touch. Upon determination of biometric information, the device may be visibly illuminated to display the determined information. 
     The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular examples described in this application, which are intended as illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations may be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the hill scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods, reagents, compounds compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular examples only, and is not intended to be limiting. 
     There is little distinction left between hardware and software implementations of aspects of systems; the use of hardware or software is generally (but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardware and software can become significant) a design choice representing cost vs. efficiency tradeoffs. There are various vehicles by which processes and/or systems and/or other technologies described herein may be effected (e.g., hardware, software, and/or firmware), and that the preferred vehicle will vary with the context in which the processes and/or systems and/or other technologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly hardware and/or firmware vehicle; if flexibility is paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly software implementation; or, yet again alternatively, the implementer may opt for some combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. 
     The foregoing detailed description has set forth various examples of the devices and/or processes via, the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples may be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one example, several portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the examples disclosed herein, in whole or in part, may be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and/or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative example of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of a signal bearing medium include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable type medium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disk (DVD), a digital tape, a computer memory, etc.; and a transmission type medium such as a digital and/or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.). 
     Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common within the art to describe devices and/or processes in the fashion set forth herein, and thereafter use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and/or processes into data processing systems. That is, at least a portion of the devices and/or processes described herein may be integrated into a data processing system via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those having skill in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system generally includes one or more of a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory such as volatile and nonvolatile memory, processors such as microprocessors and digital signal processors, computational entities such as operating systems, drivers, graphical user interfaces, and applications programs, one or more interaction devices, such as a touch pad or screen, and/or control systems including feedback loops and control motors (e.g., feedback for sensing position and/or velocity; control motors for moving and/or adjusting components and/or quantities). A typical data processing system may be implemented utilizing any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing/communication and/or network computing/communication systems. 
     The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures may be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality may be seen as “associated with” each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated may also be viewed as being “operably connected”, or “operably coupled”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated may also be viewed as being “operably couplable”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components. 
     With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art may translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity. 
     It will be understood by those within the art that in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having, at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to examples containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an Introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc,” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.” 
     In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group. 
     As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range may be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein may be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” and the like include the number recited and refer to ranges which may be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth. 
     While various aspects and examples have been disclosed herein, other aspects and examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and examples disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.