Patent Publication Number: US-6699213-B1

Title: Diaphragm pump protection device for a breastpump

Description:
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/055,101, filed Apr. 3, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,257,847, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/510,714, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,776,098. 
     This application claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 60/170,079 filed Dec. 10, 1999. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to breastpumps for drawing breastmilk, and particularly to a motorized, such as electrically driven, breastpump. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Breastpumps for use by nursing mothers are well known. They allow the nursing woman to express the breastmilk as necessary or convenient, and further provide collection of the breastmilk for later use. For some mothers, breastpumps may be a necessity, such as when the child has suckling problems, or if the mother has problems with excessive or deficient milk production, or soreness, deformation or injury of the mammilla. 
     Manual breastpumps are commonplace, primarily because they are relatively inexpensive and easy to transport. Being manually driven, however, stroke rate and suction pressure produced can be uneven, and operating the pump can ultimately be tiring. 
     Electrically-driven breastpumps are also commonplace. They may be of a substantially large size of a non-portable or semi-portable type, typically including a vacuum pump which has an electric motor that plugs into standard house current. Advantages of this type of pump are ready controllability and regulation of the vacuum, and the ability to pump both breasts at once. That is, the nursing woman has both hands free to hold two breastpump shields in place for pumping of both breasts at the same time. 
     Battery-driven breastpumps have also been developed. These breastpumps have the advantages of controllability and regulation of the vacuum, as well as being easily carried. Such a battery-driven portable breastpump is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,964,851, for example. This breastpump, sold under the name MINIELECTRIC by Medela, Inc., is lightweight and achieves good vacuum (i.e., negative pressure) regulation in preferred limits, for example, between about 100 and about 220 mmHg. The LACTINA breastpump sold by Medela, Inc. is also another type of breast pump which may be driven by battery as well as house current. It is generally disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,007,899. 
     Electrically driven motorized breastpumps have almost universally been developed with a single type of “cycle” for a given pump. That is, the driving mechanism for generating the vacuum (negative pressure) to be applied at the breast in the more sophisticated pumps is geared to a particular sequence, or curve, of negative pressure increase (i.e., increasing suction), and then release. This is often aimed at reproducing in some sense the suckling action of an infant, for instance. Breastpumping can cover a range of different conditions, however, such as where the mother&#39;s nipples are sore for some reason, there is a state of significant engorgement, some nipple stimulation may be particularly desired, let-down and relaxation may be of particular interest, it may be desired to increase milk production, and so on. 
     Some breastpumps provide the user with the ability to vary the amount of vacuum being applied, as well as the speed of the pumping action (i.e., number of cycles per minute). In some instances in the prior art, speed and vacuum level may influence each other, such that as speed increases so does the vacuum level. The basic “curve” remains fixed, however, and the user must adapt as best she can to making variations within that particular curve built into the machine, which typically has been generalized for the overall population of users. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is a principal objective of the present invention to provide a breastpump which can be programmed to generate, among other things, a plurality of differing milk expression (extraction) sequences, or curves. To this end, the invention in one form is a breastpump comprising a breastshield having a portion within which a woman&#39;s breast is received for the expression of milk. A source of vacuum is in communication with the breastshield. There is a mechanism for operating the source of vacuum according to a first sequence, and a controller for operating the source of vacuum according to a second sequence. 
     The controller can have a preset program for the second sequence which is a milk letdown sequence, for example. Preferably, the breastpump has a plurality of different programs for the controller wherein each program has a different sequence. 
     In one embodiment of the invention, a motorized pump (e.g., compressed air, battery and/or house current) is provided with a microprocessor-based controller. Cards, with memory “chips,” containing different suction curves adapted for varying conditions and objectives are included for programming the controller in this embodiment. A user selects a desired program, and that card is then read by a mechanism providing input to the controller. It should be noted that while suction curves are generally addressed in the first instance herein, the milk expression sequences may also include a positive pressure aspect. The programming could also be provided via other media, including discs, CDs, infrared data transfer, electronic feed (e.g., an Internet connection), and so forth. 
     A significant, and heretofore unavailable advantage realized by the present invention is the ready ability to modify the breastpump suction action to a variety of desired conditions, and provide this ability to the end-user. An attendant advantage is that, as the science of breastpumping continues to make advances, new and improved suction curves and sequences can be made available on further cards, or other program-inputting means. 
     Yet another attendant advantage is that the programmable pump can also record data relating to its use and operation. That data could be stored, for instance, and then retrieved as by downloading through an Internet connection, magnetic recording (disk or card), and the like. This data retrieval would be useful in medical research, for updating the pump with new data, for monitoring usage, just for some instances. 
     Further, a program could be made of a particular infant&#39;s suckling pattern. That program could then be used to operate the pump, and then varied over time as the infant grows. 
     In yet another aspect of the invention, an improved breastpump is provided which has a pre-programmed milk let-down sequence. The let-down sequence is most advantageously made available through a button or the like provided on the breastpump used to actuate the sequence. 
     In still another aspect of the invention, a breastpump includes an electric motor having a reduction gear system with at least first and second belts conveying motive power to a movable member of an expansible chamber device wherein a vacuum is generated. The expansible chamber device is, in one embodiment, a pair of diaphragm pumps. Each diaphragm pump has a membrane which is movable relative to a shell, each said membrane being connected to a respective drive shaft, each shaft being mounted to a respective belt for linear movement with the respective belt. 
     The present invention in another significant aspect has as an objective to provide a breastpump with one or more novel suction sequences which are considered to produce advantageous particularized results. Such sequences include, but are not limited to: a suction method (e.g., program or curve) for a sore nipple condition; a suction method for increased milk production; an improved suction method in general; and a method for nipple stimulation. 
     A method for operating a breastpump for a sore nipple condition according to the present invention comprises varying the amount of vacuum within a range of from about 20 mmHg (the least vacuum) to about 250 mmHg (the greatest vacuum) while simultaneously varying the overall suction cycle from about 25 cycles/min. at the least vacuum to about 40 cycles/min. at the greatest vacuum, such that for a lower vacuum applied there is an increase in the number of cycles. In general, this program is intended to provide a lower peak vacuum over a longer cycle. 
     A method for operating a breastpump which is considered to yield an increase in milk output according to the present invention comprises operating the pump at a rapid cyclical rate on the order of about 120 cycles/min., with a negative pressure in the range of about 50 to about 150 mmHg. This method further preferably includes a pause after each period of vacuum application, such as applying the vacuum for about ten seconds of vacuum, with then a two second pause. 
     A method for operating a breastpump according to yet another aspect of the invention comprises varying the vacuum within a range of about 100 (the least vacuum) to about 250 mmHg (the greatest vacuum), while simultaneously varying the overall suction cycle from about 47 cycles/min. at the greatest vacuum to about 78 cycles/min. at the least vacuum, such that for a lower vacuum applied there is an increase in the number of cycles, with a cycle following a curve which initially builds to a peak negative pressure, then smoothly starts a pressure increase (less negative) along an initial slope but then slows the pressure increase briefly, before continuing on essentially said initial slope for the negative pressure release. 
     A still further aspect of the present invention is a unique breastpump assembly having features including: a compact housing design and breastshield carrying casing; and a double-diaphragm pumping mechanism. 
     A prophylactic device for protecting the diaphragm from fluid (air/milk) is additionally provided. In one embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a diaphragm pump for a breastpump comprises a shell having a generally hemispherical interior shape with a flexible membrane movable within the hemispherical shape to expand and contract a volume created in a chamber defined between the membrane and the shell. A mechanism connected to the membrane, such as a puller, moves the membrane to expand and contract the volume. A port is provided in the shell through which air moves in response to expansion and contraction of the volume, such that vacuum can be communicated to a breastshield through connection to the port. 
     A removably mounted flexible cover is located between the shell and the membrane which isolates the membrane from fluid. The cover is removable for at to least one of cleaning and disposal. To that end, the flexible membrane has a circumferential rim upon which the cover is received over the rim. The shell has an internal opening defined therein sized to encompass the rim with the cover mounted on the rim in a substantially airtight fit. The cover thereby forms a gasket between the rim and shell. A one-way valve extending through the membrane is additionally provided, allowing exhaustion of air between the membrane and cover. 
     Yet another significant aspect of the present invention is considered to be a manually operated control, such as a rotary knob, which is used to simultaneously adjust the suction level as well as rate within a sequence. In this aspect of the invention, the suction “force” and “speed” are tied together in an inverse relationship. As the suction force (vacuum) is increased, for example, the rate (cycle) is decreased; as the vacuum is decreased, the cycle increases. 
    
    
     These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be further understood and appreciated when considered in relation to the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which: 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a breastpump assembly made in accordance with aspects of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the breastpump of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a rear perspective view of the breastpump of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the breastpump of FIG. 1 looking at the bottom; 
     FIG. 5 is a top view of the breastpump of FIG. 1 with a cover removed revealing diaphragm pumps; 
     FIG. 6 is an enlarged side view of the breastpump of FIG. 1 adjacent the bottom highlighting the program card insert slot; 
     FIG. 7 is a bottom perspective view of the breastpump of FIG. 1 showing battery arrangement; 
     FIG. 8 is a somewhat exploded assembly view of the major components of the breastpump of FIGS. 1 through 5, with a modified top cover for the diaphragm pump assembly; 
     FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of the interaction of various components with the controller; 
     FIG. 10 is a schematic-type representation of a data storage and retrieval process that can be effected in accordance with the present invention; 
     FIGS. 11 through 14 are various methods (curves) for operating the breastpump to differing ends; 
     FIG. 15 is a front perspective view of another embodiment of a breastpump assembly made in accordance with aspects of the invention; 
     FIG. 16 is a rear perspective view of the FIG. 15 embodiment; 
     FIG. 17 is a somewhat exploded assembly view of the major components of yet another breastpump made in accordance with the present invention; 
     FIG. 18 is an enlarged front perspective view of the motor drive of the breastpump of FIG. 17; 
     FIG. 19 is a view similar to that of FIG. 18 but from a top perspective; 
     FIG. 20 is an enlarged assembly view of the diaphragm pump mechanism; 
     FIG.  21 ( a ) is a cross-sectional view of the assembled diaphragm pump of FIG. 20; 
     FIG.  21 ( b ) is an elevational view of the assembled diaphragm pump of FIG. 20; 
     FIG.  21 ( c ) is a top view of the assembled diaphragm pump of FIG. 20; 
     FIG. 22 is a sectional view of the assembled breastpump of FIG. 17 taken through the middle of the breastpump along its long lateral axis (side to side) looking rearwardly; 
     FIG. 23 is a sectional view similar to that of FIG. 22 taken along a plane forwardly of that of FIG. 22; and 
     FIG. 24 is a sectional view similar to that of FIG. 22 taken along a plane behind the electric motor looking back to front. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
     The Breastpump Assembly 
     Referring to FIGS. 1 through 7 initially, a breastpump assembly of the present invention in one form has an aesthetically pleasing and compact design. The housing for the major components of the assembly is a casing  10  made of a rigid high impact plastic. As shown, it has a generally ellipsoidal cross-section along its vertical axis, yielding a pleasing smooth curving look to the casing exterior. The casing  10  is closed at its upper end by an upper housing part  11 , to which is affixed a carrying handle  12 . 
     In this first embodiment, carrying handle  12  has a pair of cradles  15  formed in opposite ends thereof. These cradles  15  are adapted to receive and support the funnel portions  16  of respective breastshields  17 . These breastshields  17  (sometimes referred to themselves as breastpumps) are of the type shown and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,964,851 and 4,929,229, for instance. Further detail regarding the breastshields  17  may be obtained through reference to those patents, but will be omitted herein since the inventive features in point in this application are not contingent upon the breastshield being used, so long as it is suitable to the task of milk expression. 
     In general, however, the breastshields  17  have the aforementioned funnel portion  16  which communicates with conduit structure connecting to a container (bottle)  18 . This particular breastshield  17  is adapted for both manual as well as motorized pumping. It has a collar  20  to which a manually-driven piston pump (not shown) is screw-threaded for attachment and use in one mode of operation. When an electrically operated vacuum pump is to be employed, there is a port provided inside of the collar  20  which is in communication with the funnel portion, and to which a tube from the vacuum pump is releasably connected to convey vacuum to the breastshield. Again, such detail is well known, and can be gleaned from the foregoing patents, among other public sources. In operation in either mode, the widened (conical) portion of the breastshield  17  is placed on the breast for drawing vacuum within the shield, and thereby drawing milk through a pulling force applied to the breast. Milk drawn from the breast is collected in the bottle  18 . 
     FIGS. 15 and 16 show a modified exterior for the breastpump  10 ′ (prime numbers being used herein to refer to similar but modified parts). In this version the breastshields  17  are not cradled by the handle  12 ′, but instead are carried in a holder  26  mounted to the back of the unit. 
     The Drive Motor 
     Referring to FIG. 8 initially, casing  10  has a drive unit  25  mounted therein. There are, of course, any number of drives that may be used for diaphragm pumps such as those used in the instant embodiment. Indeed, the type of pump (diaphragm, piston, etc.) is not necessarily significant to certain aspects of the present invention. The driving mechanism for the breastpump shown for the embodiment in point, however, is a linear drive for the diaphragm pumps consisting of a reduction drive arrangement and a 12 V DC-motor  28 . 
     It will be noted that the FIG. 8 embodiment is substantially the same as that of FIGS. 1 through 7, except for a modified cover for the upper housing, which here includes the rigid shells  24  for the diaphragms  34  as part of the cover  35 . The diaphragm pumps  30  will be further described hereafter. 
     FIG. 17 shows yet another version of a breastpump of the present invention substantially the same as that of FIGS. 1 through 8, except with a modified cover  35 ″ and shell  24 ″ for the diaphragm pump  30 . The breastshield holder of the FIGS. 15 and 16 embodiment has also been slightly modified. It is with respect to this FIG. 17 embodiment that the majority of the interior detail of the breastpump will be further understood. 
     Turning now to FIGS. 18,  19  and  22  through  24  in particular, the reduction gearing contains belts  27   a ,  27   b  and  27   c . Power is transferred from the shaft  29  of motor  28  to belt  27   a . Belt  27   a  is received in a channel of wheel  51 , which is mounted to the drive chassis  62  on rotatable shaft  52 . Shaft  52  is fixed to rotate with wheel  51 . A freewheel  53  is mounted on a shaft  54  fixed to the chassis  62  to freely rotate, and engages the outside of belt  27   a , producing more surface engagement by the belt  27   a  with wheel  51 . 
     Shaft  52  has a small toothed gear  55  mounted thereon. Belt  27   b  is toothed, and engages the gear  55 . Toothed belt  27   b  furthermore engages a larger toothed gear  56  fixed to rotating shaft  57  (FIGS.  22  and  24 ). Part of gear  56  is small toothed gear portion  58 . Belt  27   c , which is also toothed, engages gear  58  as well as toothed gear  59 . Gear  59  is fixedly mounted to rotating shaft  70 . Fixed at each end of shaft  70  are small toothed gears  71   a ,  71   b . Toothed belts  72   a ,  72   b  respectively engage gears  71   a ,  71   b  and freely rotating toothed gears  73   a ,  73   b.    
     Diaphragm pusher (push/pull) shafts  74   a ,  74   b  are respectively clamped to belts  72   a ,  72   b  at one end. The other end engages the interior of a respective diaphragm membrane member  34  (FIG. 22, and also see FIGS.  20  and  21 ( a )). Here, a screw engagement with the shafts  74   a ,  74   b  was used, with a threaded nut-like element  37  mounted in a reinforced central area of membrane  36  (again, the diaphragm pumps  30  are described in more detail below). Both of the pusher shafts  74   a ,  74   b  move in tandem as driven by respective belts  72   a ,  72   b.    
     Accordingly, as motor drive shaft  29  turns, belt  27   a  rotates shaft  52  via wheel  51 . Belt  27   b  is in turn thereby driven off of smaller gear  55 , causing rotation of shaft  57 , which in turn rotates larger gear  56  and its smaller part  58 , to thereby turn shaft  70  via belt  27   c  which couples gear part  58  with larger gear  59 . This transfers the motion via gears  71   a ,  71   b  to belts  72   a ,  72   b , imparting a linear movement to the pusher shafts  74   a ,  74   b . A forward and then backward stroke is generated, through reversal of the motor shaft  29  direction. Reduction gearing is thus obtained as desired through appropriate selection of the various gears/wheels noted above. 
     The location of the shafts  74   a ,  74   b  along the path of travel, as well as the length of the stroke, is measured by position sensing mechanism  78 , which can be of any standard and well known variety. This sensing mechanism  78  uses a toothed wheel  78   a  mounted to the shaft  29  of motor  28 , which is registered by counter  78   b . Signals generated by the counter  78   b  are processed by the cpu of the breastpump. 
     A negative pressure, or vacuum, is generated in a pair of diaphragm pumps  30 . Each diaphragm pump has a flexible membrane  34  mounted in the upper housing  11  assembled with a respective rigid shell  24  (and see FIGS.  20  and  21 ( a ) through  21 ( c ) described further below). The membrane and shell are in substantially airtight engagement. When the membrane  34  is pulled away from the shell  24 , a vacuum is generated in the space between the shell interior and the membrane, which can be accessed through outlet port  31  formed on the shell, to which a tube  32  is connected to communicate the vacuum to a respective breastshield  17 . 
     Power is provided either through ordinary house current via power cord  38 , or electrochemical battery  39 , such as a pair of 6V, 1.2Ah lead-acid type rechargeable batteries. Power cord  38  is provided on a wrap-around mount conveniently located for storage in a well in the bottom of the lower housing part  13 . FIG. 7 shows wells  41  formed within the lower housing  13  through which the batteries  40  are inserted into receptacles formed within the casing  10 , having covers  42  for the wells. FIG. 7 omits the detail of the wrap mount  40 , for clarity. 
     The Single Switch Inversely Controlling Vacuum and Rate 
     An on-off switch or knob  45  (and see FIG. 9) is provided on the casing, which can be rotary or push-button to that end. It is nonetheless rotary and push-button in this embodiment since it also acts to control the amount of vacuum being applied. As the knob  45  is rotated, a signal is generated which increases or decreases the level of vacuum (suction force) to be applied, depending on which way the knob is turned. In this embodiment, as the suction force is increased, the cycle (rate) is decreased. That is, the rate and force are inversely related. This is considered to have a beneficial effect. The knob is pushed in for on and off. 
     The Function Indicator 
     Additionally visible from the exterior of the casing  10  is a LCD display  48 , a milk let-down button  49 , and a program card slot  50  (the let-down sequence and programmable aspects will also be discussed in more detail below). Milk-let down button  49  is used to activate a pre-programmed suction sequence (embodied in components to be hereinafter described) particularly adapted for let-down and stimulate the milk ejection reflex. The slot  50  provides the interface access for programming cards used with the breastpump of this invention. 
     The display  48  provides visual indications of various functions of the pump. This could include, for example, the type of sequence then programmed, the level of suction force, the battery condition, and so forth. 
     The Diaphragm Protective Covers 
     In this embodiment, the two diaphragm pumps  30  are in a well formed in the top of the casing  10 . A cover  35  (also  35 ′ and  35 ″ (again, primed numbers being substantially similar to their un-primed counterparts)) is provided which fits over the well and is generally flush with the upper housing part  11 . The outlets  31  extend through relieved areas in the cover  35 , for example, for easy access in use. 
     It may be noted that the shells  24  are shown formed in the cover of the embodiment of FIG.  8 . The FIG. 17 embodiment has the shells  24  mounted in a removable manner in the upper housing, as through a snap fit or interference engagement, such as shown in the embodiment of FIGS.  20  and  21 ( a ) through  21 ( c ), to allow easier access for cleaning or replacing the membranes of the pumping mechanism, and for cleaning the shells themselves (which are provided with grips  33  to these ends). 
     In the FIG. 17 embodiment, diaphragm member or membrane  34 , which may be made of any suitably durable flexible and durable fluid-impervious material (to be airtight), such as silicone with a Shore A hardness in the range of 30 to 70, is molded around its perimeter to a rigid plastic collar  85 . Collar  85  has a plurality of depending anchor posts  86  with outboard flanges formed thereon, which engage with the inside lip of the respective well in the upper housing part  11  within which the collar  85  is received to snap-fit the membrane  34  in place. 
     Prophylactic (protective) disposable/cleanable covers  36  are additionally and advantageously provided, which form-fit over the diaphragms  34  and isolate them from air and other fluid from the breastshields. The covers  36 , which can be made of the same material as the membranes but thinner, are likewise fluid-impervious. 
     Referring to FIGS.  20  and  21 ( a ) through  21 ( c ) in particular, each of the covers  36  has an upturned cuff  87  which forms an annular well around the perimeter of the cover  36 . A pair of circumferential beads  88  and  89 , which are slightly offset vertically from each other, are formed along the bottom area of the annular well. Uppermost bead  88  engages in an annular rim channel  90  formed along the bottom outside of shell  24 ′, for a substantially airtight engagement between the protective cover  36  and the shell. 
     An interior channel  93  is formed within the interior bottom of the cover  36  by a bead  91  and shoulder  92 , which each run circumferentially around the cover. This interior channel  93  is received on a slightly protruding edge or rim on the collar  85  of the membrane  34 . An airtight fit is thus provided between the protective cover  36  and the membrane  34 , which also serves to releasably fix the shell  24  in place over the membrane  34 , and complete the diaphragm pump  30 . 
     Note also that a one-way valve  95  is provided in the membrane  34 , which communicates with the possible space that may form between the membrane  34  and overlying cover  36 . This valve permits any entrapped air therebetween to be exhausted, such as if the first stroke on start-up happens to be toward the shell  24 , with the protective cover  36  thereafter then following the movement of the diaphragm  34  to which it will generally be in facial engagement. 
     The Programmable Aspects 
     One significant aspect of the present invention is the ability to program the breastpump with different types of suction sequences, or cycles as they are sometimes referred to herein. With reference to FIG. 9, for instance, the breastpump utilizes a microprocessor-based system indicated at  60  which is provided user input through a plurality of “chip” cards  61 . Each chip card contains one or more predetermined programs recorded on an EEPROM. For example, each card could contain a specific type of sequence along with a milk let-down sequence. 
     An EEPROM microcontroller of the type MB90562 may be used, for one example, or the Atmel 2-wire EEPROM chipcard microcontroller AT24C164 for another. These provide about 16K of memory, which is considered presently sufficient. 
     The programs (some examples of which are described hereafter) are recorded in a conventional manner, and would be provided to the mother ready to use. The programmed chip card is inserted into the slot  50  in the back of the casing  10 , where it engages an interface to the microprocessor. The particular program on the selected chip card  61  is then communicated to the microprocessor  60 . Microprocessor  60  is integrated with the drive unit  25  to effect operation of the drive unit in accordance with the selected program, drawing upon either the AC power source as converted via standard technology to DC (indicated at  68  in FIG.  9 ), or from the battery source  39 . The microprocessor  60  can also control power management. 
     Suction force (e.g., the amount of negative pressure generated) will typically also be adjustable by the user via operation of the rotary control knob  45 , as noted above. A pre-set range for the suction force will nonetheless ordinarily be provided in the program as an initial setting, for adjustment by the user thereafter via the knob  45 . 
     One embodiment contemplated provides a milk let-down sequence (milk ejection reflex) that can be engaged without need of a chip card for the same. The milk let-down sequence (described below) is pre-programmed in the microprocessor  60 , or may otherwise be wired into the circuitry in a manner to override the then existing operating program. When the mother desires to engage this sequence, she presses the button  49 , which produces and sends an electrical signal, as to the microprocessor  60 . The let-down program is then effected. 
     It will be readily understood that a chip card  61  is but one way to program the microprocessor  60 . Other input means could be used, such as more dedicated buttons like button  49 , each set to actuate a given sequence pre-programmed into the microprocessor  60 . A numeric pad could be provided to input a code. The programs could be provided through an electronic data link, such as a modem, or optically, or otherwise. 
     Data can also be recorded by the microprocessor for downloading or transfer to the chip card. Data could also be directly recorded on the chip card. For instance, it is contemplated that the suckling action of a particular child could be recorded and reduced to a sequence. That sequence could then be programmed into the pump, and the mother would then have a suckling action from the pump very reminiscent of her own child. 
     Referring now to FIG. 10, the chip card  61   a  with breastpump operation data thereon is then read (downloaded) at a “card station”  75 , shown here as a card reader  76  linked to a computer  77 . The computer  77  is used to transfer the data to one of a variety of available media, such as CD, floppy disk, etc. for physical transfer to a research or data monitoring facility, here indicated at  80 . The data could also simply be transferred via modem through an Internet interface. 
     The New Expression Methods (Cycles) 
     It can thus be seen that a variety of different suction cycles or sequences can now be provided with the same breastpump equipment. An example of the kind of methods that such cycle could represent comprises FIGS. 11 through 15. 
     FIG. 11, for instance, is what is referred to by Medela, Inc. as the “Standard Classic Program”. This is a method for operating a breastpump that has been developed which is considered to provide a general optimal suction curve reminiscent of an infant&#39;s normal suckling, such as provided by the 015 “CLASSIC” breastpump sold by Medela, Inc. As indicated in the graph of FIG. 11, negative pressure is along the y-axis (in millimeters of mercury) and time (in seconds) along the x-axis. In this particular method, the cycles are fixed at about  47  per minute; the amount of suction is generally adjustable between about 100 to about 250 mmHg. 
     FIG. 12 illustrates what can be termed as a new “Sore Nipple Program” method. In comparison to FIG. 11, it will be seen that the lower end of the vacuum range is reduced to about 20 mmHg, and the overall suction cycle is extended in duration, i.e., from a low of about 25 cycles/min. to about 40. For a lower vacuum applied in this program, there is an increase in the number of cycles. In general, however, there is a slower and gentler suction compared with the “CLASSIC” program of FIG.  11 . 
     FIG. 13 shows a new method for operating a breastpump which is considered to yield an increase in milk output. This is a program that might be applied between regular pump sessions several times a day. In this method, the breastpump is operated at a rapid cyclical rate on the order of about 120 cycles/min., preferably with a pause after a period of vacuum application; here, 10 seconds of vacuum, then a 2 second pause. The negative pressure is in the range of about 50 to about 150 mmHg. Note the detail in the inset of FIG. 13 showing the rapidity and steep slopes of the vacuum application. 
     What has been termed a new “Superior Program” for operating a breastpump is illustrated in FIG. 14. A vacuum range of about 100 to about 250 mmHg has been chosen, with cycles ranging from about 47 to about 78 per minute. The cycle rate and the vacuum are tied, such that as, for instance, the cycles decrease, the amount of vacuum increases, i.e., there is an inverse relationship. It will be noted that this program differs from the “CLASSIC” program above in part through a sequence that initially reaches a peak negative pressure, then smoothly starts a pressure increase (less negative) along a similar (although opposite) slope to that of the negative pressure build-up, but then slows the pressure increase briefly, before continuing on essentially the initial slope for the negative pressure release. A milk let-down sequence is also incorporated in this “Superior Program,” and utilizes a vacuum range of about 50 to about 150 mmHg, with cycles ranging between about 80 to about 160 per minute. 
     Thus, while the invention has been described herein with relation to certain embodiments and applications, those with skill in this art will recognize changes, modifications, alterations and the like which still come within the spirit of the inventive concept, and such are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as expressed in the following claims.