Patent Publication Number: US-2022218442-A1

Title: Tool for seating an orthodontic aligner and method of using same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 16/532,884, filed Aug. 6, 2019 and published on Apr. 2, 2022, as US Publication No. US 2020/0100872 A1, entitled Tool for Seating an Orthodontic Aligner and Method of Using Same, which is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority to U.S. Design application No. 29/665,003, filed Sep. 28, 2018, and issued on Mar. 24, 2020, as U.S. Pat. No. D879,292 S, entitled Ortho Alignment Tool. Every application, publication and patent listed in this paragraph is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety as an example. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to a tool for seating an orthodontic aligner. In some aspects, the present invention relates to a tool for seating and unseating an orthodontic aligner. Moreover, in some aspects, the present invention relates to a tool that fits within a case for an orthodontic aligner. 
     Description of Related Art 
     In order for orthodontic patients to optimize teeth movement, experts recommend seating orthodontic aligners by chewing on something that is firm. Existing options for seating aligners include aspects that can be undesirable. For example, existing devices can be bulky, uncomfortable, too large to fit in an orthodontic aligner case, less durable than desired, have a less than desirable life span, or have an undesirably high cost. 
     After an orthodontic aligner is seated on a patient, the patient needs a way to remove the orthodontic aligner. Because orthodontic aligners can be difficult to remove without a tool, it can be desirable to use a tool to facilitate unseating and removing the orthodontic aligner. Existing tools used for this purpose are separate devices from the devices used to seat an orthodontic aligner. Accordingly, existing tools for seating and removing orthodontic aligners require a patient to purchase, keep track of, store, or clean multiple devices, which can be undesirable. 
     SUMMARY OF SELECTED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with a first embodiment, a tool for seating an orthodontic aligner is provided. The tool comprises a handle portion and a seating portion. The handle portion is configured to be held by a hand of a human user. The seating portion is connected to the handle portion and configured to seat an orthodontic aligner against the teeth of the human user. The seating portion comprises a rippled structure. 
     In accordance with a second embodiment, a tool for seating an orthodontic aligner is provided. The tool comprises a handle portion and a seating portion. The handle portion is configured to be held by a hand of a human user. The seating portion is connected to the handle portion and configured to seat an orthodontic aligner against the teeth of the human user. The seating portion comprises a rippled structure. The handle portion comprises a hook, and the hook is configured to unseat an orthodontic aligner while the seating portion is held by the hand of the human user. 
     In accordance with a third embodiment, a method of seating an orthodontic aligner using a tool is provided. The method comprises several steps. A first step comprises holding a handle portion of the tool, which tool comprises the handle portion and a rippled seating portion opposite the handle portion. A second step comprises positioning the seating portion of the tool between an upper set of teeth and a lower set of teeth. A third step comprises biting the seating portion of the tool to seat the orthodontic aligner on the upper set of teeth or the lower set of teeth. 
     In accordance with a fourth embodiment, a method of unseating an orthodontic aligner using a tool is provided. The method comprises several steps. A first step comprises holding a rippled seating portion of the tool. The tool comprises the seating portion and a handle portion opposite the seating portion, and the handle portion comprises a hook. A second step comprise using the hook to contact and apply force to a contacted portion of the aligner, thereby unseating the aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner. 
     Other aspects, embodiments and features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying figures are schematic and are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the figures, each identical, or substantially similar component that is illustrated in various figures is represented by a single numeral or notation. For purposes of clarity, not every component is labeled in every figure. Nor is every component of each embodiment of the invention shown where illustration is not necessary to allow those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view taken from the front, the top and the right of one embodiment of a tool for seating and removing an orthodontic aligner. 
         FIG. 2  is a front view of the tool of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a rear view of the tool of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a right view of the tool of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 5  is a left view of the tool of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 6  is a top view of the tool of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 7  is a bottom view of the tool of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view taken from the rear, the top and the left side of the tool of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective taken from the from the front, the bottom and the right side of the tool of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 10  is perspective view taken from the rear, the bottom and the left side of the tool of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of the tool of  FIG. 1  taken along Section A-A as depicted in  FIG. 6 . 
         FIGS. 12A-12F  illustrate the tool of  FIG. 1  being used to seat an orthodontic aligner. 
         FIGS. 13A-13F  illustrate the tool of  FIG. 1  being used to unseat and facilitate removal of an orthodontic aligner. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In some embodiments, the tools and methods described in the present application solve one or more problems. For example, in some embodiments, the tools and methods can help an orthodontic patient to increase teeth movement associated with an orthodontic aligner, for example, by helping the orthodontic patient to seat an orthodontic aligner. In some embodiments, the tools are less bulky, more comfortable, or both when compared to existing devices used to seat orthodontic aligners. In some embodiments, the tools are small enough to fit in the majority of orthodontic aligner cases used today in the United States. In some embodiments, the tools are more durable, have a longer useful life span, are less expensive to manufacture, or any combination thereof, when compared to existing devices used to seat orthodontic aligners. 
     In some embodiments, the tools and methods described in the present application can help an orthodontic patient to unseat and remove an orthodontic aligner. In some embodiments, the tool used for this purpose is also used to seat an orthodontic aligner. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the tool for seating and unseating orthodontic aligners enables a patient to avoid purchasing, keeping track of, storing, or cleaning multiple devices, which can be advantageous compared to existing devices. For example, in some embodiments, the tool for seating and unseating orthodontic aligners is less expensive than a combination of devices for seating and unseating orthodontic aligners. 
     In some embodiments, the tool comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of two materials so that a first material is softer than the second material to facilitate seating an aligner and the second material is firmer than the first material to facilitate unseating and removing the aligner. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a front perspective view of one embodiment of a tool  0100  for seating and removing an orthodontic aligner  0158  is illustrated, while  FIGS. 12A to 13F  illustrate an example of an orthodontic aligner  0158 . Additional views of the tool of  FIG. 1  are illustrated in  FIGS. 2-11 . Although the tool  0100  is illustrated with a hook  0124  for unseating an orthodontic aligner  0158 , further embodiments can be created in which the hook  0124 , the associated recess  0128  that provides the hook  0124 , a firmer material or materials used to provide the hook  0124 , or any combination thereof, are not present in the tool  0100 . 
     The tool  0100  comprises a handle portion  0104  and a seating portion  0102 . The handle portion  0104  is configured to be held by a hand  0152  of a human user, for example, as illustrated in  FIGS. 12A to 13F . With reference again to  FIG. 1 , the seating portion  0102  is connected to the handle portion  0104  and configured to seat an orthodontic aligner  0158  against the teeth of the human user. 
     In some embodiments, the seating portion  0102  comprises a rippled structure. For example, the rippled structure can have the shape of a series of waves having a direction of propagation  0106  directed away from the handle portion  0104 . The series of waves comprises a plurality of troughs  0114  and a plurality of peaks  0116 , which can alternate. Each wave can be, but is not required to be, complete. The shape of the series of waves can be sinusoidal. As illustrated, the troughs  0114  of the waves extend in a trough transverse direction  0118  that is perpendicular to the direction of propagation  0106 , and each trough  0114  has the same trough transverse direction  0118 . Although, in some embodiment, the troughs  0114  can have a different trough transverse direction  0118 . In some embodiments, the trough transverse direction  0118  of some or all of the troughs  0114  does not need to be completely perpendicular to the direction of propagation  0106 . For example, in some embodiments, the trough transverse direction  0118  can vary from being perpendicular to the direction of propagation  0106  within a first angular tolerance  0126 , for example, of 30 degrees. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the peaks  0116  of the waves extend in a peak transverse direction  0120  that is perpendicular to the direction of propagation  0106 , and each peak  0116  has the same peak transverse direction  0120 . Although, in some embodiment, the peaks  0116  can have a different peak transverse direction  0120 . In some embodiments, the peak transverse direction  0120  of some or all of the peaks  0116  does not need to be completely perpendicular to the direction of propagation  0106 . For example, in some embodiments, the peak transverse direction  0120  can vary from being perpendicular to the direction of propagation  0106  within a second angular tolerance  0168 , for example, of 30 degrees. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the seating portion  0102  is positioned at the front  0108  of the tool  0100 , which is defined by reference to the seating portion  0102 . The handle portion  0104  is positioned at the rear  0110  of the tool  0100 . Having defined the front  0108  and the rear  0110  of the tool  0100 , it is useful to define the top  0162  of the tool  0100  with reference to the front-most peak  0112  of the series of waves. In particular, the top  0162  of the tool  0100  is defined so that the front-most peak  0112  of the series of waves is positioned at the top  0162  of the tool  0100 . The bottom  0164  of the tool  0100  is positioned opposite the top  0162  of the tool  0100 . Meanwhile, the right side  0130  of the tool  0100  is defined as the side of the tool  0100  that is to the right of the tool  0100  from the perspective of an upwardly oriented viewer who is looking at the tool  0100  while (i) the front  0108  of the tool  0100  is facing the viewer, and (ii) the tool  0100  is positioned with the top  0162  side directed vertically up. The left side  0132  of the tool  0100  is positioned opposite the right side  0130  of the tool  0100 . 
     In some embodiments, the handle portion  0104  comprises a body  0166  and protrusions  0122  that protrude from the body  0166 . The protrusions  0122  can be configured to reduce slipping between a hand  0152  and the handle portion  0104  when the handle portion  0104  is in use. The protrusions  0122  are spaced from each other. In some embodiments, the protrusions  0122  are rounded. The protrusions  0122  can be hemispherical. 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , in some embodiments of a tool, the handle portion  0104  comprises a hook  0124  adjacent to a recess  0128  in the handle portion  0104 . Nonetheless, some embodiments of the tool do not comprise the hook  0124 , and can, for example, comprise a handle portion  0104  without the hook  0124  or a recess  0128 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the hook  0124  is configured to unseat an orthodontic aligner  0158  while the seating portion  0102  is held by the hand  0152  of a human user. As illustrated, the form of the hook  0124  creates a concave recess  0128  along the left side  0132  of the handle portion  0104 . Although, in some embodiments, the hook  0124  can be located along the right side  0130  of the handle portion  0104 . The front  0108  portion of the hook  0124  comprises a beveled edge  0134  configured to facilitate catching the orthodontic aligner  0158 . In some embodiments, the beveled edge  0134  can be beveled at the top of the edge and the bottom of the edge so that the bevel at the top of the edge and the bevel at the bottom of the edge come together to form the beveled edge  0134 . In some embodiments, the hook  0124  can comprise a corner  0136  formed where the beveled edge  0134  meets a side of the handle portion  0104 . As illustrated, the beveled edge  0134  faces at least partly toward the front  0108  of the tool  0100 . Although, the beveled edge  0134  does not need to face directly toward the front  0108  of the tool  0100 . As illustrated, the beveled edge  0134  also faces at least partly inwardly toward the handle portion  0104 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the beveled edge  0134  can form an acute angle, or optionally a right angle, with the concave recess  0128  that forms the hook  0124 . In some embodiments, the beveled edge  0134  faces within 55, 50, 45, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, or 10 degrees of the direction of propagation  0106  of the series of waves in the seating portion  0102  of the tool  0100 . As illustrated, the beveled edge  0134  faces a direction that is approximately 45 degrees away from the direction of propagation  0106  and inwardly toward the handle portion  0104 . In some embodiments, angles of 45 degrees or less can be more desirable than larger angles because the resulting acute angle that is formed can be too narrow to facilitate catching an orthodontic aligner  0158  in the hook  0124 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 9 , in some embodiments, the tool  0100  is small enough to fit in an orthodontic case. Having a properly sized tool can be useful for other purposes as well. For example, it can be useful if the tool is small enough to fit in an orthodontic case, to be grasped by a typical human hand, to fit between typical sets of human teeth, to seat an orthodontic aligner, to unseat an orthodontic aligner or a combination thereof. Meanwhile, it can be useful if the tool is large enough to accomplish various functions, for example, to be grasped by a typical human hand, to seat an orthodontic aligner, to unseat an orthodontic aligner, or a combination thereof. 
     For example, the tool  0100  can be approximately 58 mm long  0902  as measured from the front  0108  to the rear  0110  of the tool  0100  along the direction of propagation  0106 . The tool can be approximately 8 mm wide  0904  as measured in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation  0106  and from the right side  0130  to the left side  0132  of the tool  0100 . The tool can be approximately 5 mm thick  0906  as measured in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the length of the tool  0100  is measured, perpendicular to the direction in which the width of the tool  0100  is measured, and measured from the highest part of the top  0162  of the tool  0100  to the lowest part of the bottom  0130  of the tool  0100 . In some embodiments, any dimension of the tool (length, width, thickness, or a combination thereof) can vary by 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1% from the listed dimensions of the illustrative embodiment. 
     In some embodiments, it can be useful to describe the tool with reference to a rectangular prism that the tool would fit in. This can be useful because the tool can be irregularly shaped. Also, having a tool that is too small to fit inside a larger rectangular prism and too large to fit inside a smaller rectangular prism can be useful to confirm that the tool is appropriately sized to accomplish any function or combination of functions described herein. 
     In some embodiments, the tool is small enough to fit within a rectangular prism if the length of the rectangular prism is 43 mm (optionally 43, 45, 50, 55, 58, 60, 65, 70 or 73 mm), if the width of the rectangular prism is 6 mm (optionally 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, or 10 mm), and if the thickness of the rectangular prism is 3.75 mm (optionally 3.75, 4, 4.25, 4.5, 4.75, 5, 5.25, 5.5, 5.75, 6, or 6.25 mm). 
     In some embodiments, tool is too large to fit within a rectangular prism if the length of the rectangular prism is less than 73 mm (optionally 73, 70, 65, 60, 58, 55, 50, 45 or 43 mm), if the width of the rectangular prism is less than 10 mm (optionally 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, or 6 mm), or if the thickness of the rectangular prism is less than 6.25 mm (optionally 6.25, 6, 5.75, 5.5, 5.25, 5, 4.75, 4.5, 4.25, 4, or 3.75 mm). 
     As illustrated, the tool  0100  is made from materials that are safe to place in a human mouth. For example, the materials can be United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved, Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) compliant per European Union Directive 2002/95/EC, or the materials can satisfy the standards established by any other applicable jurisdiction that establishes standards related to the safety of a device that is placed in the mouth to seat or remove orthodontic aligners  0158 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 11 , in some embodiments, the tool  0100  comprises a first material  0138  and a second material  0140 . The first material  0138  is more elastic than the second material  0140 , and the first material  0138  is configured to be chewed by the teeth of a human user to aid the human user in seating an orthodontic aligner  0158 . The second material  0140  is configured to be me more rigid than the first material  0138 . As an example, the second material  0140  can form a portion (e.g., at least 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90 wt. % and up to 100 wt. %) of the hook  0124 , which portion of the hook  0124  is configured to contact, catch and unseat the orthodontic aligner  0158 . This can make the hook  0124  more durable and also prevent the hook  0124  from deforming or compressing to an extent that the ability of the hook  0124  to catch and unseat the orthodontic aligner  0158  is significantly impaired. In some embodiments, the protrusions  0122  from the handle portion  0104  can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the second material  0140 . 
     In some embodiment, the first material  0138  and the second material  0140  make up 80 to 100 wt. %, optionally 90 to 100 wt. %, of the tool  0100 . 
     In some embodiments, the first material  0138  can be a first polymer, a first rubber, a first plastic, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) (e.g., thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)), or a combination thereof. The second material  0140  can be a second polymer, a second rubber, a second plastic, polypropylene (PP), or a combination thereof. 
     In some embodiments, the second material  0140  is configured to have a Shore D hardness equal to 70 to 83, optionally about 77, where the Shore D hardness is measured according to ISO 868:2003. 
     In some embodiments, a portion of the hook  0124  comprises the second material  0140 . In some embodiments, a portion of the hook  0124  that consists the second material  0140  makes up 2 to 15 wt. % of the tool  0100 . In some embodiments, the portion of the hook  0124  that consists of the second material  0140  makes up 10 to 40 wt. % of the handle portion  0104 . 
     In some embodiments, the second material  0140  makes up 20 to 50 wt. % of the tool  0100 . In some embodiments, the second material  0140  makes up 50 to 90 wt. % of the handle portion  0104 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 8 , in some embodiments, a continuous portion of the hook  0124  (e.g., a catch portion  0802  of the hook that is configured to protrude from the tool  0100  to catch an aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner) is made up of 90 to 100 wt. % of the second material  0140  and (i) has a hook catch length  0142  equal to 3 to 15 mm or 3 to 10 mm or 3 to 6 mm as measured in the direction of the propagation of the series of waves in the rippled structure, (ii) has a hook catch thickness  0146  equal to 2 to 6.25 mm or 2 to 5 mm or 2 to 4 mm as measured from the top of the hook catch portion  0802  to the bottom of the hook catch portion  0802  in a direction perpendicular to the hook catch length  0142 , (iii) has a hook catch width  0144  equal to 2 to 10 mm or 2 to 5 mm or 3 to 4 mm as measured in a direction perpendicular to the hook catch length  0142  and perpendicular to the hook catch thickness  0146 , or (iv) any combination thereof. 
     In some embodiments, the second material  0140  forms a reinforcing portion  0148  of the handle portion  0104 . The reinforcing portion  0148  is positioned in a narrower portion  0150  of the handle portion  0104  that is adjacent to the hook  0124 . As can be seen, a narrower portion  0150  of the handle portion  0104  can be created when the hook  0124  is formed by a recess  0128  in the handle portion  0104 . Accordingly, the narrower portion  0150  of the handle portion  0104  has a smaller width than other portions along the length of the handle portion  0104  and could be weaker than other portions without reinforcement. The reinforcing portion  0148  is configured to strengthen the narrower portion  0150  of the handle portion  0104  that is adjacent to the hook  0124 . In some embodiments, the reinforcing portion  0148  has a mass equal to approximately 10% to 50% of the mass of the second material  0140  in the hook  0124 . 
     With reference to the cross section of the tool shown in  FIG. 11 , in some embodiments, the handle portion  0104  comprises a reinforcing inner core  0172 . The reinforcing inner core  0172  of the handle portion  0104  can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the second material  0140 . The reinforcing inner core  0172  can make up 50 to 90 wt. % of the handle portion  0104 . 
     In some embodiments, the first material  0138  makes up 50 to 80 wt. % of the tool  0100 . The first material  0138  can make up 70 to 100 wt. % of the seating portion  0102 . The first material  0138  can have a Shore A hardness equal to 40 to 90, optionally about 75, as measured according to ISO 868:2003. In some embodiments, the first material  0138  can have a Shore D hardness equal to 10 to 40, optionally about 25, as measured according to ISO 868:2003. 
     In some embodiments, thermoplastic elastomer (e.g., thermoplastic polyurethane), polypropylene, or a combination thereof make up 80 to 100 wt. % of the tool  0100 . 
     With reference now to  FIG. 12A  to  FIG. 12F , a method of seating an orthodontic aligner  0158  using a tool  0100  will be described. The method comprises several steps. A first step comprises holding a handle portion  0104  of the tool  0100  (e.g., in the hand  0152  of a user), which tool  0100  comprises the handle portion  0104  and a rippled seating portion  0102  opposite the handle portion  0104 . Examples of the tool  0100  are provided in  FIGS. 1-13F  and their accompanying description. 
     A second step occurs subsequent to the first step and comprises positioning the seating portion  0102  of the tool  0100  between an upper set  0154  of teeth and a lower set  0156  of teeth. 
     A third step occurs subsequent to the second step and comprises biting the seating portion  0102  of the tool  0100  to seat the orthodontic aligner  0158  on the upper set  0154  of teeth or the lower set  0156  of teeth. The biting can occur repeatedly, resulting in a chewing step. 
     With reference to  FIG. 13A  to  FIG. 13F , in some embodiments, a fourth step of the method can occur subsequent to the third step and comprises holding the seating portion  0102  of the tool  0100  (e.g., in the hand  0152  of the user), wherein the handle portion  0104  comprises a hook  0124 . Examples of the tool  0100  are provided in  FIGS. 1-11 . 
     Also with reference to  FIG. 13A  to  FIG. 13F , a fifth step of the method can occur subsequent to the fourth step and comprises using the hook  0124  to contact, catch, and apply force to a contacted portion of the aligner  0158 , thereby unseating the aligner  0158  to facilitate removal of the aligner  0158 . In some embodiments, the contacted portion of the aligner  0158  is an edge  0174  of the aligner  0158 . 
     With reference again to  FIG. 13A  to  FIG. 13F , a method of unseating an orthodontic aligner  0158  using a tool  0100 , will now be described. The method comprises several steps. A first step comprises holding a rippled seating portion  0102  of the tool  0100  (e.g., in the hand  0152  of the user), which tool  0100  comprises the seating portion  0102  and a handle portion  0104  opposite the seating portion  0102 . The handle portion  0104  comprises a hook  0124 . 
     A second step occurs subsequent to the first step and comprises using the hook  0124  to contact, catch, and apply force to a contacted portion of the aligner  0158 , thereby unseating the aligner  0158  to facilitate removal of the aligner  0158 . In some embodiments, the contacted portion of the aligner  0158  is an edge  0174  of the aligner  0158 . 
     Additional Embodiments 
     The following clauses include descriptive embodiments that are offered as further support of the disclosed invention: 
     1. A tool for seating an orthodontic aligner, the tool comprising: 
     a handle portion (e.g., configured to be held by a hand of a human user); and 
     a seating portion connected to the handle portion and configured to seat an orthodontic aligner against teeth (e.g. the teeth of the human user); 
     optionally wherein the seating portion comprises a rippled structure; and 
     optionally wherein the rippled structure has the shape of a series of waves having a direction of propagation directed away from the handle portion, optionally wherein the waves are sinusoidal. 
     2. The tool of any preceding clause: 
     wherein the seating portion is positioned at the front of the tool; 
     wherein the handle portion is positioned at the rear of the tool; 
     wherein a peak of the front-most wave in the series of waves is positioned at the top of the tool; 
     wherein the bottom of the tool is positioned opposite the top of the tool; 
     wherein the right side of the tool is defined as the side of the tool that is to the right of the tool from the perspective of an upwardly oriented viewer who is looking at the tool while the front of the tool is facing the viewer, and the tool is positioned with the top side directed upwardly; 
     the left side of the tool is positioned opposite the right side of the tool; or 
     any combination thereof. 
     3. The tool of any preceding clause, wherein the waves comprise troughs and peaks; 
     optionally wherein the troughs of the waves extend in a trough transverse direction that is perpendicular to the direction of propagation within a tolerance of 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 degrees; and 
     optionally wherein the peaks of the waves extend in a peak transverse direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation within a tolerance of 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 degrees. 
     4. The tool of any preceding clause, wherein the handle portion comprises: 
     a body; and 
     protrusions that protrude from the body; 
     optionally wherein the protrusions are configured to reduce slipping between a hand (e.g., the hand of the human user) and the handle portion when the handle portion is in use; 
     optionally wherein the protrusions are spaced from each other; 
     optionally wherein the protrusions are rounded; and 
     optionally wherein the protrusion are hemispherical. 
     5. The tool of any preceding clause, wherein the handle portion comprises a hook, wherein the hook is configured to unseat an orthodontic aligner; 
     optionally wherein the hook is adjacent to a recess in the handle portion; 
     optionally wherein the hook is configured to unseat an orthodontic aligner while the seating portion is held by a hand (e.g., the hand of the human user); 
     optionally wherein the form of the hook creates a concave recess along a side (e.g., right side or left side) of the handle portion; 
     optionally wherein a front portion of the hook comprises a beveled edge configured to facilitate catching the orthodontic aligner; 
     optionally wherein the beveled edge is beveled at the top of the edge and the bottom of the edge, 
     optionally wherein the hook comprises a corner (e.g., formed where the beveled edge meets a side of the handle portion); 
     optionally wherein the beveled edge faces at least partly toward the front of the tool; 
     optionally wherein the beveled edge faces within 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15 or 10 degrees of the direction of propagation of the series of waves in the seating portion of the tool; and 
     optionally wherein the bevelled edge forms an acute angle or right angle with the concave recess that forms the hook. 
     6. The tool of any preceding clause: 
     optionally wherein the tool is small enough to fit within a rectangular prism if the length of the rectangular prism is 43 mm (optionally 43, 45, 50, 55, 58, 60, 65, 70 or 73 mm), if the width of the rectangular prism is 6 mm (optionally 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, or 10 mm), and if the thickness of the rectangular prism is 3.75 mm (optionally 3.75, 4, 4.25, 4.5, 4.75, 5, 5.25, 5.5, 5.75, 6, or 6.25 mm); and 
     optionally wherein the tool is too large to fit within a rectangular prism if the length of the rectangular prism is less than 73 mm (optionally 73, 70, 65, 60, 58, 55, 50, 45 or 43 mm), if the width of the rectangular prism is less than 10 mm (optionally 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, or 6 mm), or if the thickness of the rectangular prism is less than 6.25 mm (optionally 6.25, 6, 5.75, 5.5, 5.25, 5, 4.75, 4.5, 4.25, 4, or 3.75 mm). 
     7. The tool of any preceding clause, wherein the tool is made from materials that are safe to place in a human mouth. 
     8. The tool of any preceding clause, wherein the tool comprises a first material and a second material; 
     optionally wherein the first material is more elastic than the second material; 
     optionally wherein the first material is configured to be chewed by the teeth while the human user seats the orthodontic aligner; 
     optionally wherein the second material is configured to be me more rigid than the first material; 
     optionally wherein the second material forms a portion of the hook that is configured to contact and unseat the orthodontic aligner; 
     optionally wherein the second material forms a portion of the hook that is configured to contact, catch and unseat the orthodontic aligner; 
     optionally wherein the first material and the second material make up 80 to 100 wt. %, optionally 90 to 100 wt. %, of the tool; 
     optionally wherein protrusions on the handle portion comprise the second material; 
     optionally wherein the first material is a first polymer, a first rubber, a first plastic, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) (e.g., thermoplastic polyurethane (TPE)), or a combination thereof; and 
     optionally wherein the second material is a second polymer, a second rubber, a second plastic, polypropylene (PP), or a combination thereof. 
     9. The tool of clause 8: 
     optionally wherein the second material has a Shore D hardness equal to at least 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 or 82; 
     optionally wherein the second material has a Shore D hardness equal to no more than 83, 82, 81, 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73, 72 or 71; and 
     optionally wherein the Shore D hardness is measured according to ISO 868:2003; 
     optionally wherein a portion of the hook comprises the second material; 
     optionally wherein a portion of the hook that consists the second material makes up 2 to 15 wt. % of the tool; 
     optionally wherein a portion of the hook that consists of the second material makes up 10 to 40 wt. % of the handle portion; 
     optionally wherein a portion of the hook that consists of the second material makes up 90 to 100 wt. % of the hook; 
     optionally wherein the second material makes up 20 to 50 wt. % of the tool; 
     optionally wherein the second material makes up 50 to 90 wt. % of the handle portion; 
     optionally wherein the second material makes up of 90 to 100 wt. % of a continuous portion of the hook (e.g., a catch portion of the hook that is configured to protrude from the tool to catch an aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner); 
     optionally wherein a continuous portion of the hook (e.g., a catch portion of the hook that is configured to protrude from the tool to catch an aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner) has a hook catch length equal to 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm or 3 to 6 mm as measured in the direction of the propagation of the series of waves in the rippled structure; 
     optionally wherein the second material makes up of 90 to 100 wt. % of a continuous portion of the hook (e.g., a catch portion of the hook that is configured to protrude from the tool  0100  to catch an aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner); 
     optionally wherein a continuous portion of the hook (e.g., a catch portion of the hook that is configured to protrude from the tool to catch an aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner) has a hook catch thickness equal to 2 to 6.25 mm, 2 to 5 mm, or 2 to 4 mm as measured from the top of the portion of the hook to the bottom of the portion of the hook in a direction perpendicular to the hook catch length; and 
     optionally wherein the second material makes up of 90 to 100 wt. % of a continuous portion of the hook (e.g., a catch portion of the hook that is configured to protrude from the tool  0100  to catch an aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner); 
     optionally wherein a continuous portion of the hook (e.g., a catch portion of the hook that is configured to protrude from the tool to catch an aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner) has a hook catch width equal to 2 to 10 mm, 2 to 5 mm, or 3 to 5 mm as measured in a direction perpendicular to the hook catch length and perpendicular to the hook catch thickness. 
     9. The tool of clause 8, wherein the second material forms a reinforcing portion of the handle portion; 
     optionally wherein the reinforcing portion is positioned in a narrower portion of the handle portion that is adjacent to the hook and thereby narrower than other portions of the handle portion; 
     optionally wherein the reinforcing portion is configured to strengthen the narrower portion of the handle portion adjacent to the hook; and 
     optionally wherein the reinforcing portion has a mass equal to approximately 10% to 50% of the mass of the second material in the hook. 
     10. The tool of clause 8, wherein a reinforcing core (e.g., reinforcing inner core) of the handle portion comprises the second material; 
     optionally wherein the reinforcing core (e.g., reinforcing inner core) makes up 50 to 90 wt. % of the handle portion. 
     11. The tool of clause 8, optionally wherein the first material makes up 50 to 80 wt. % of the tool; 
     optionally wherein the first material makes up 70 to 100 wt. % of the seating portion; 
     optionally wherein the first material has a Shore A hardness equal to at least 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 or 85; 
     optionally wherein the first material has a Shore A hardness equal to no more 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, or 45; 
     optionally wherein the Shore A hardness is measured according to ISO 868:2003; 
     optionally wherein the first material has a Shore D hardness equal to at least 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 or 35; 
     optionally wherein the first material has a Shore D hardness equal to no more than 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, or 15; and 
     optionally wherein the Shore D hardness is measured according to ISO 868:2003. 
     12. The tool of any preceding clause, wherein thermoplastic elastomer (e.g., thermoplastic polyurethane), polypropylene, or a combination thereof makes up 80 to 100 wt. % of the tool. 
     13. A method of using (e.g., holding or placing) a tool (e.g., for seating an orthodontic aligner), wherein the tool comprises a handle portion and a rippled seating portion opposite the handle portion, the method comprising: 
     optionally holding the handle portion of the tool (e.g., in a human hand, whether gloved or not); 
     optionally positioning the seating portion of the tool between an upper set of teeth and a lower set of teeth (e.g., of a human); and 
     optionally biting the seating portion of the tool to seat the orthodontic aligner on the upper set of teeth or the lower set of teeth; 
     optionally wherein the tool is the tool of any preceding clause. 
     14. The method of any preceding clause, wherein the tool (e.g., the handle portion of the tool) comprises a hook, the method comprising: 
     optionally holding the seating portion of the tool; and 
     optionally using the hook to contact a contacted portion of the aligner, thereby unseating the aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner; 
     optionally using the hook to catch a contacted portion of the aligner, thereby unseating the aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner; and 
     optionally using the hook to apply force to a contacted portion of the aligner, thereby unseating the aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner. 
     15. The method of clause 14, wherein the contacted portion of the aligner is an edge of the aligner. 
     16. A method of using (e.g., holding or placing) a tool (e.g., for unseating an orthodontic aligner), wherein the tool comprises a handle portion and optionally a seating portion (e.g., rippled seating portion) opposite the handle portion, and wherein the handle portion comprises a hook, the method comprising: 
     optionally holding the seating portion of the tool; 
     optionally using the hook to contact a contacted portion of the aligner, thereby unseating the aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner; 
     optionally using the hook to catch a contacted portion of the aligner, thereby unseating the aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner; and 
     optionally using the hook to apply force to a contacted portion of the aligner, thereby unseating the aligner to facilitate removal of the aligner. 
     17. The method of clause 16, wherein the contacted portion of the aligner is an edge of the aligner. 
     Although the invention has been described above and in the drawings using a handle portion  0104  that is generally the shape of a rectangular prism with rounded edges, the tool  0100  is not limited to this shape. For example, the edges need not be rounded, although rounded edges can be more comfortable to a user. Additionally, the handle need not be generally shaped like a rectangular prism, although the rectangular prism shape can facilitate a user&#39;s ability to control the movement of the seating portion  0102  and can help provide a thin tool  0100  that fits more easily in a case for an orthodontic aligner  0158 . 
     Although the invention is described above and in the drawings using a seating portion  0102  that is generally a smoothly rippled shape comprising a series of identical or nearly identical sinusoidal waves with rounded edges, the tool  0100  is not limited to this shape. For example, the edges need not be rounded, although rounded edges can be more comfortable to a user. Additionally, the waves can vary in their shape and orientation, although it can be advantageous for the adjusted amplitude of the waves to vary by no more than 30, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1% from the shortest adjusted amplitude wave to the largest adjusted amplitude wave, where the amplitude is measured as the distance between adjacent opposite facing peaks  0116  where one peak  0116  is on the top  0162  of the tool  0100  and one peak  0116  is on the bottom  0164  of the tool  0100 . Avoiding variations in the adjusted amplitude of the wave peaks  0116  can facilitate a user&#39;s ability to seat an aligner  0158  and can help provide a thin tool  0100  that fits more easily in a case for an orthodontic aligner  0158 . Additionally, the rippled shape need not be sinusoidal waves. Rather, the rippled shape can comprise a series of triangular or rectangular shaped waves; however, the sinusoidal shaped waves can be more comfortable for a user, and could provide better seating performance when compared to other shapes. Additionally, some embodiments of the tool  0100  comprise a shape that is solid, rather than rippled, for the seating portion  0102 . However, the seating portion  0102  can be advantageous. For example, having differently sized areas to bite on can facilitate seating an aligner  0158  at different portions of the teeth, such as the incisors or cuspids at the front  0108  of the mouth, or the premolars or molars towards the back of the mouth. 
     In some embodiments, the shapes of the handle portion  0104 , the hook  0124 , the seating portion  0102 , the rippled shape of the seating portion  0102 , or any combination thereof can vary as long as the shape still performs the respective function of each component as described herein. 
     Although embodiments of the invention have been described using the word “comprising,” additional embodiments can be created by replacing the word “comprising” with “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of.” 
     Although embodiments of the invention have been described using a first range with a first set of end points, additional embodiments can be created by replacing the first range with a narrower range whose endpoints are selected from any value contained in the first range. 
     Although embodiment of the invention have been described using a specific direction relative to a reference direction, additional embodiments can be created by indicating that specific direction can vary from the reference direction by no more than 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 degrees. 
     Although the invention hereof has been described by way of preferred embodiments, it will be evident that other adaptations and modifications can be employed without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. The terms and expressions employed herein have been used as terms of description and not of limitation; and thus, there is no intent of excluding equivalents, but on the contrary it is intended to cover any and all equivalents that may be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.