Patent Publication Number: US-2023152202-A1

Title: Hydrogel particles with tunable optical properties and methods for using the same

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/933,028, filed Jul. 20, 2020, which in turn is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/625,394, filed Jun. 16, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,753,846, which in turn is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/018,769, filed Feb. 8, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,714,897, which in turn claims priority to and benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/114,004, filed Feb. 9, 2015 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/184,192, filed Jun. 24, 2015; each of the aforementioned applications is incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Flow cytometry is a technique that allows for the rapid separation, counting, and characterization of individual cells and is routinely used in clinical and laboratory settings for a variety of applications. The technology relies on directing a beam of light onto a hydrodynamically-focused stream of liquid. A number of detectors are then aimed at the point where the stream passes through the light beam: one in line with the light beam (Forward Scatter or FSC) and several perpendicular to it (Side Scatter or SSC). FSC correlates with the cell volume and SSC depends on the inner complexity of the particle (e.g., shape of the nucleus, the amount and type of cytoplasmic granules or the membrane roughness). As a result of these correlations, different specific cell types exhibit different FSC and SSC, allowing cell types to be distinguished in flow cytometry. 
     The ability to identify specific cell types, however, relies on proper calibration of the instrument, a process that has relied on the use of purified cells of the cell type of interest. Obtaining these purified cells can require costly, laborious procedures that are prone to batch-to-batch variation. Therefore, there is a need in the art for synthetic compositions with tunable optical properties that can mimic specific cell types in devices such as flow cytometers. 
     SUMMARY 
     In one aspect of the invention, a hydrogel particle comprising a polymerized monomer and having at least one surface is provided. The hydrogel particle has at least one optical property that is substantially similar to the at least one optical property of a target cell. The optical property in one embodiment, is a side scatter profile (SSC), forward scatter profile (FSC), a fluorescence emission profile, or a combination thereof. The target cell can be any target cell that the user specifies. For example, in one embodiment, the target cell is an immune cell, stem cell or cancer cell. 
     In another aspect, a method for calibrating a cytometric device for analysis of a target cell, is provided. In one embodiment, the method comprises inserting into the device a hydrogel particle having at least one optical property substantially similar to a target cell, wherein the hydrogel particle comprises a polymerized monomer and has at least one surface. The method further comprises measuring the at least one optical property of the hydrogel particle using the cytometric device. The at least one optical property in one embodiment, is used as a reference to detect a target cell in a sample. 
     In yet another aspect, a method for detecting a target cell in a sample is provided. The method comprises inserting into the device a hydrogel particle having at least one optical property substantially similar to a target cell, wherein the hydrogel particle comprises a polymerized monomer. The method further comprises measuring the at least one optical property of the hydrogel particle using the cytometric device. A sample comprising a plurality of cells is inserted into the cytometric device, and the at least one optical property of individual cells of the plurality are measured. Finally, a determination is made, based on the optical property measurement, whether the target cell or plurality thereof is present in the sample. 
     In one embodiment of the methods provided herein, the hydrogel particle comprises a biodegradable monomer. In some embodiments, biodegradable monomers and/or biocompatible particles are configured such that they can be used with and in sorting cells that are re-introduced into a biological system without presenting a risk if a particle also goes into the biological system. In a further embodiment, the biodegradable monomer is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide, peptide, protein, or protein domain. In even a further embodiment, the biodegradable monomer is functionalized with acrylamide or acrylate. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIGS.  1 A- 1 B  illustrates the optical properties of disclosed hydrogel particles compared to polystyrene beads. 
         FIG.  2    depicts the process of producing labeled hydrogel particles of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  3 A- 3 C  provides brightfield and fluorescent images of labeled hydrogel particles of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  4 A- 4 C  illustrate the use of hydrogel particles of the disclosure as calibrants for cell types displaying a variety of optical scattering properties. 
         FIG.  5    provides dating showing correlation of inter-drop delay for a flow cytometer with hydrogel particle diameter. 
         FIG.  6    provides brightfield ( 6 A and  6 C) and fluorescent ( 6 B and  6 D) images of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells ( 6 A and  6 B) and hydrogel particles of the disclosure ( 6 C and  6 D). 
         FIG.  7    provides data showing comparison of human buccal cells to hydrogel particles encapsulating different amounts of DNA, as measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). 
         FIG.  8    provides data for hydrogel particles encapsulating nanoparticles at different concentrations, demonstrating tuning of side scattering independent of forward scattering. 
         FIG.  9    provides data for hydrogel particles produced with different percentages of polymer, demonstrating tuning of refractive index measured by forward scattering. 
         FIG.  10    shows one embodiment of hydrogel parameter tuning to match and/or mimic desired cell population metrics. 
         FIGS.  11 A- 11 D and  12 A- 12 B  are diagrams showing embodiments of how to adjust the forward scatter, side scatter and surface properties of a hydrogel particle. 
         FIG.  13 A- 13 C  are scatter plots for various hydrogel particles (A) and (B) and a commercial blood sample (C). 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The indefinite articles “a” and “an” and the definite article “the” are intended to include both the singular and the plural, unless the context in which they are used clearly indicates otherwise. 
     “At least one” and “one or more” are used interchangeably to mean that the article may include one or more than one of the listed elements. 
     Unless otherwise indicated, it is to be understood that all numbers expressing quantities, ratios, and numerical properties of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth, used in the specification and claims are contemplated to be able to be modified in all instances by the term “about”. 
     Several critical calibration measurements for flow cytometers require precise time resolution, such as setting the offset time between lasers, and calculating the delay time between detection and sorting of an object. Due to the fluidic conditions within the instrument, precise setting of these timing parameters requires the use of calibration particles that are the same size as the cells to be analyzed. Timing calibrations are typically performed using polystyrene beads with variable fluorescent intensities to calibrate the response of an excitation source and to set the inter-laser timing delay and sorting delay. Flow cytometers can also be calibrated using forward and side scatter signals which are general measures of size and granularity or complexity of the target sample. These calibrations are crucial for the accurate performance of the cytometer and for any downstream analysis or sorting of cell populations. The disclosed hydrogel particles exhibit tuned scatter properties and are suitable for use as calibration reagents for a range of mammalian or bacterial cell types. Scattering is a standard metric for distinguishing cell types in heterogeneous mixtures for clinical, food safety, and research purposes. 
     Although polystyrene particles can be used to set inter-laser and sorting delays for some applications, many eukaryotic cell types fall outside of the size range of commercially available polystyrene particles (1-20 μm) making it nearly impossible to accurately calibrate a flow cytometer for these targets. Also, as shown in  FIG.  1   , polystyrene particles are fundamentally limited in the optical properties that can possess such as side scattering, which is a general measure of cellular complexity. Polystyrene particles are therefore limited in the two most important passive optical measurements used in flow cytometry: FSC (forward scattering), and SSC (side scattering) which measure the size and complexity of the target respectively. Due to these limitations of polystyrene, users must rely on purified cell lines to calibrate fluorescent intensity, inter-laser delay, sort delays, size and cellular complexity for experiments. This is a lengthy and labor-intensive process that increases the cost of flow cytometry validation and research pipelines significantly. More importantly, these calibration cell lines introduce biological variation, causing disparities in the interpretation of data. 
     Moreover, quality control (QC) for calibration of flow cytometers is also a crucial consideration when these instruments are used for clinical applications, for example, to isolate human T-regulatory cells or stem cells for downstream cellular therapies. The FDA mandates that the sterility, identity, purity, and potency of a cell therapy product be demonstrated before administration to patients (Riley et al. (2009). Immunity 30, pp. 656-665). Contamination of a cellular population with polystyrene QC particles could therefore be problematic, as polystyrene has been implicated in certain cancers. Additionally, a cellular population that is contaminated with a QC standard that is enzymatically degraded or digested internally after administration to a patient potentially overcomes contamination issues, should they arise. 
     The present invention addresses these and other needs, as discussed below. 
     In one aspect, a composition comprising a plurality of hydrogel particles is provided, wherein the individual hydrogel particles of the plurality each has one or more optical properties substantially similar to one or more optical properties of a target cell. Each of the individual hydrogel particles of the plurality independently comprises a hydrogel which is synthesized by polymerizing one or more monomers, i.e., to form a homopolymer or copolymer. As discussed further below, the use of bifunctional monomers allows for the further derivatization of hydrogels, e.g., with fluorescent dyes, cell surface markers or epitope binding fragments thereof, or a combination thereof. An example of hydrogel parameter tuning to meet/match desired cell subpopulation metrics is provided at  FIG.  10   . Methods for tuning the properties of a hydrogel are described herein. The ability to adjust a range of parameters including hydrogel components and concentration of the same allows for the ability to tune a particle to mimic a wide range of cells, for example one of the cell types described herein. 
     As provided above, in one aspect, the present invention provides individual hydrogel particles each having one or more optical properties substantially similar to one or more optical properties of a target cell. In one embodiment, the one or more optical properties, is a side scatter profile, a forward scatter profile or a secondary marker profile, such as a fluorescence marker profile, for example a fluorescence marker profile of a fluorescently-labeled antibody that binds to the surface of the hydrogel particle. “Substantially similar,” as used herein, denotes at least 40% similar, at least 50% similar, at least 60% similar, at least 70% similar, at least 80% similar, at least 90% similar, at least 95% similar, at least 96% similar, at least 97% similar, at least 98% similar or at least 99% similar. 
     The present invention is based in part on the unexpected discovery that one or more optical properties of a hydrogel particle can be independently modulated by altering the composition of the hydrogel particle, for example, by altering the amount of initial monomer (or co-monomer) in the composition, by altering the surface functionalization, by altering the amount of a polymerization initiator or by altering the amount of crosslinker. For example, side scattering (SSC) can be modulated without substantially affecting forward scattering (FSC), and vice versa. Furthermore, the optical properties (e.g. refractive index) of hydrogel particles can be tuned without having a substantial effect on density of the particle. This is a surprising and useful feature, as hydrogel particles that serve as surrogates for cells in cytometric methods such as flow cytometry or (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) FACS require a minimal density in order to function in those assays. 
     In another aspect, a method for producing a hydrogel particle is provided, wherein the hydrogel particle has one or more optical properties substantially similar to the optical properties of one or more target cells. In one embodiment, the hydrogel particle has pre-determined optical properties. The optical property, in one embodiment, is SSC, FSC, fluorescence emission, or a combination thereof. 
     In yet another aspect, a method of calibrating a cytometric device for analysis of a target cell is provided. In one embodiment, the method comprises (a) inserting into the device a hydrogel particle having optical properties substantially similar to the optical properties of the target cell; b) measuring the optical properties of the hydrogel particle using the cytometric device, thereby calibrating the cytometric device for analysis of the target cell. Cytometric devices are known in the art, and include commercially available devices for performing flow cytometry and FACS. 
     As provided above, in one aspect of the invention, compositions comprising a plurality of hydrogel particles are provided. A hydrogel is a material comprising a macromolecular three-dimensional network that allows it to swell when in the presence of water, to shrink in the absence of (or by reduction of the amount of) water, but not dissolve in water. The swelling, i.e., the absorption of water, is a consequence of the presence of hydrophilic functional groups attached to or dispersed within the macromolecular network. Crosslinks between adjacent macromolecules result in the aqueous insolubility of these hydrogels. The cross-links may be due to chemical (i.e., covalent) or physical (i.e., VanDer Waal forces, hydrogen-bonding, ionic forces, etc.) bonds. Synthetically prepared hydrogels can be prepared by polymerizing a monomeric material to form a backbone and cross-linking the backbone with a crosslinking agent. As referred to herein, the term “hydrogel” refers to the macromolecular material whether dehydrated or in a hydrated state. A characteristic of a hydrogel that is of particular value is that the material retains the general shape, whether dehydrated or hydrated. Thus, if the hydrogel has an approximately spherical shape in the dehydrated condition, it will be spherical in the hydrated condition. 
     In one embodiment, a hydrogel particle disclosed herein comprises greater than about 30%, greater than about 40%, greater than about 50%, greater than about 55%, greater than about 60%, greater than about 65%, greater than about 70%, greater than about 75%, greater than about 80%, greater than about 85%, greater than about 90%, or greater than about 95% water. In another embodiment, a hydrogel particle has a water content of about 10 percent by weight to about 95 percent by weight, or about 20 percent by weight to about 95 percent by weight, or about 30 percent by weight to about 95 percent by weight, or about 40 percent by weight to about 95 percent by weight, or about 50 percent by weight to about 95 percent by weight, or about 60 percent by weight to about 95 percent by weight, or about 70 percent by weight to about 95 percent by weight, or about 80 percent by weight to about 95 percent by weight. 
     The hydrogels provided herein, in the form of particles, are synthesized by polymerizing one or more of the monomers provided herein. The synthesis is carried out to form individual hydrogel particles. The monomeric material (monomer) in one embodiment is polymerized to form a homopolymer. However, in another embodiment copolymers of different monomeric units (i.e., co-monomers) are synthesized and used in the methods provided herein. The monomer or co-monomers used in the methods and compositions described herein, in one embodiment, is a bifunctional monomer or includes a bifunctional monomer (where co-monomers are employed). In one embodiment, the hydrogel is synthesized in the presence of a crosslinker. In a further embodiment, embodiment, the hydrogel is synthesized in the presence of a polymerization initiator. 
     The amount of monomer can be varied by the user of the invention, for example to obtain a particular optical property that is substantially similar to that of a target cell. In one embodiment, the monomeric component(s) (i.e., monomer, co-monomer, bifunctional monomer, or a combination thereof, for example, bis/acrylamide in various crosslinking ratios, allyl amine or other co-monomers which provide chemical functionality for secondary labeling/conjugation or alginate is present at about 10 percent by weight to about 95 percent weight of the hydrogel. In a further embodiment, the monomeric component(s) is present at about 15 percent by weight to about 90 percent weight of the hydrogel, or about 20 percent by weight to about 90 percent weight of the hydrogel. 
     Examples of various monomers and cross-linking chemistries available for use with the present invention are provided in the Thermo Scientific Crosslinking Technical Handbook entitled “Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology,” (available at tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. For example, hydrazine (e.g., with an NHS ester compound) or EDC coupling reactions (e.g., with a maleimide compound) can be used to construct the hydrogels of the invention. 
     In one embodiment, a monomer for use with the hydrogels provided herein is lactic acid, glycolic acid, acrylic acid, 1-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), propylene glycol methacrylate, acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone (NW), methyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, glycerol methacrylate (GMA), glycol methacrylate, ethylene glycol, fumaric acid, a derivatized version thereof, or a combination thereof. 
     In one embodiment, one or more of the following monomers is used herein to form a hydrogel of the present invention: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethoxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxydiethoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxyethoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxydiethoxyethyl methacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, methacrylic acid, sodium methacrylate, glycerol methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate or a combination thereof. 
     In another embodiment, one or more of the following monomers is used herein to form a tunable hydrogel: phenyl acrylate, phenyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, 2-phenylethyl acrylate, 2-phenylethyl methacrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate, phenylthioethyl acrylate, phenylthioethyl methacrylate, 2,4,6-tribromophenyl acrylate, 2,4,6-tribromophenyl methacrylate, pentabromophenyl acrylate, pentabromophenyl methacrylate, pentachlorophenyl acrylate, pentachlorophenyl methacrylate, 2,3-dibromopropyl acrylate, 2,3-dibromopropyl methacrylate, 2-naphthyl acrylate, 2-naphthyl methacrylate, 4-methoxybenzyl acrylate, 4-methoxybenzyl methacrylate, 2-benzyloxyethyl acrylate, 2-benzyloxyethyl methacrylate, 4-chlorophenoxyethyl acrylate, 4-chlorophenoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-phenoxyethoxyethyl acrylate, 2-phenoxyethoxyethyl methacrylate, N-phenyl acrylamide, N-phenyl methacrylamide, N-benzyl acrylamide, N-benzyl methacrylamide, N,N-dibenzyl acrylamide, N,N-dibenzyl methacrylamide, N-diphenylmethyl acrylamide N-(4-methylphenyl)methyl acrylamide, N-1-naphthyl acrylamide, N-4-nitrophenyl acrylamide, N-(2-phenylethyl)acrylamide, N-triphenylmethyl acrylamide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylamide, N,N-methylphenyl acrylamide, N,N-phenyl phenylethyl acrylamide, N-diphenylmethyl methacrylamide, N-(4-methyl phenyl)methyl methacrylamide, N-1-naphthyl methacrylamide, N-4-nitrophenyl methacrylamide, N-(2-phenylethyl)methacrylamide, N-triphenylmethyl methacrylamide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methacrylamide, N,N-methylphenyl methacrylamide, N,N′-phenyl phenylethyl methacrylamide, N-vinylcarbazole, 4-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylpyridine, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,657,030, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein for all purposes. 
     Both synthetic monomers and bio-monomers can be used in the hydrogels provided herein, to form synthetic hydrogels, bio-hydrogels, or hybrid hydrogels that comprise a synthetic component and a bio-component (e.g., peptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide, primary amines sulfhydryls, carbonyls, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids present on a biolmolecule). For example, proteins, peptides or carbohydrates can be used as individual monomers to form a hydrogel that includes or does not include a synthetic monomer (or polymer) and in combination with chemically compatible co-monomers and crosslinking chemistries (see for example, the Thermo Scientific Crosslinking Technical Handbook entitled “Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology,” available at tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes). Compatible crosslinking chemistries include, but are not limited to, amines, carboxyls, and other reactive chemical side groups. Representative reactive groups amenable for use in the hydrogels and monomers described herein are provided in Table 1, below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Crosslinker reactive groups amenable for bio-monomer conjugation 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Target  
                   
               
               
                   
                 functional 
                   
               
               
                 Reactivity class 
                 group 
                 Reactive chemical group 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Amine reactive 
                 —NH 2   
                 NHS ester 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Imidoester 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Penafluorophenyl ester 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hydroxymethyl phosphine 
               
               
                 Carboxyl-to-amine reactive 
                 —COOH 
                 Carbodiimide (e.g., EDC) 
               
               
                 Sulfhydryl-reactive 
                 —SH 
                 Maeleimide 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Haloacetyl (bromo- or iodo-) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Pyridylisulfide 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Thiosulfonate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Vinylsulfonate 
               
               
                 Aldehyde-reactive  
                 —CHO 
                 Hydrazine 
               
               
                 (oxidized sugars, carbonyls) 
                   
                 Alkoxyamine 
               
               
                 Photo-reactive, i.e., nonselective,  
                 Random 
                 Diazirine 
               
               
                 random insertion 
                   
                 Aryl azide 
               
               
                 Hydroxyl (nonaqueous)-reactive 
                 —OH 
                 Isocyanate 
               
               
                 Azide-reactive 
                 —N3 
                 phosphine 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In general, any form of polymerization chemistry/methods commonly known by those skilled in the art, can be employed to form polymers. In some embodiments, polymerization can be catalyzed by ultraviolet light-induced radical formation and reaction progression. In other embodiments, a hydrogel particle of the disclosure is produced by the polymerization of acrylamide or the polymerization of acrylate. For example, the acrylamide in one embodiment is a polymerizable carbohydrate derivatized acrylamide as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,365, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. As described therein and known to those of ordinary skill in the art, specific attachment of acrylamide groups to sugars is readily adapted to a range of monosaccharides and higher order polysaccharides, e.g., synthetic polysaccharides or polysaccharides derived from natural sources, such as glycoproteins found in serum or tissues. 
     In one embodiment, an acrylate-functionalized poly(ethylene) glycol monomer is used as a hydrogel monomer. For example, the PEG in one embodiment is an acrylate or acrylamide functionalized PEG. 
     In some embodiments, a hydrogel particle comprises a monofunctional monomer polymerized with at least one bifunctional monomer. One example includes, but is not limited to, the formation of poly-acrylamide polymers using acrylamide and bis-acrylamide (a bifunctional monomer). In another embodiment, a hydrogel particle provided herein comprises a bifunctional monomer polymerized with a second bifunctional monomer. One example include, but is not limited to, the formation of polymers with mixed composition containing compatible chemistries such as acrylamide, bis-acrylamide, and bis-acrylamide structural congeners containing a wide range of additional chemistries. The range of chemically compatible monomers, bifunctional monomers, and mixed compositions is obvious to those skilled in the art and follows chemical reactivity principles know to those skilled in the art. (reference Thermo handbook and acrylamide polymerization handbook). See, for example, the Thermo Scientific Crosslinking Technical Handbook entitled “Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology,” (available at tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf) and the Polyacrylamide Emulsions Handbook (SNF Floerger, available at snf.com.au/downloads/Emulsion_Handbook_E.pdf), the disclosure of each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
     In one embodiment, a hydrogel particle provided herein comprises a polymerizable monofunctional monomer and is a monofunctional acrylic monomer. Non-limiting examples of monofunctional acrylic monomers for use herein are acrylamide; methacrylamide; N-alkylacrylamides such as N-ethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide or N-tertbutylacrylamide; N-alkylmethacrylamides such as N-ethylmethacrylamide or Nisopropylmethacrylamide; N,N-dialkylacrylamides such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide and N,N-diethyl-acrylamide; N-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]acrylamides such as N-[3dimethylamino) propyl]acrylamide or N-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]acrylamide; N-[(dialkylamino) alkyl] methacrylamides such as N-[3-dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide or N-[3-(diethylamino) propyl]methacrylamide; (dialkylamino)alkyl acrylates such as 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate, 2-(dimethylamino)propyl acrylate, or 2-(diethylamino)ethyl acrylates; and (dialkylamino) alkyl methacrylates such as 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate. 
     A bifunctional monomer is any monomer that can polymerize with a monofunctional monomer of the disclosure to form a hydrogel as described herein that further contains a second functional group that can participate in a second reaction, e.g., conjugation of a fluorophore or cell surface receptor (or domain thereof). 
     In some embodiments, a bifunctional monomer is selected from the group consisting of: allyl amine, allyl alcohol, allyl isothiocyanate, allyl chloride, and allyl maleimide. 
     A bifunctional monomer can be a bifunctional acrylic monomer. Non-limiting examples of bifunctional acrylic monomers are N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, N,N′methylene bismethacrylamide, N,N′-ethylene bisacrylamide, N,N′-ethylene bismethacrylamide, N,N′propylenebisacrylamide and N,N′-(1,2-dihydroxyethylene) bisacrylamide. 
     Higher-order branched chain and linear co-monomers can be substituted in the polymer mix to adjust the refractive index while maintaining polymer density, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,657,030, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
     In some embodiments, a hydrogel comprises a molecule that modulates the optical properties of the hydrogel. Molecules capable of altering optical properties of a hydrogel are discussed further below. 
     In one embodiment, an individual hydrogel particle or a plurality thereof comprises a biodegradable polymer as a hydrogel monomer. In one embodiment, the biodegradable polymer is a poly(esters) based on polylactide (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and their copolymers. In one embodiment, the biodegradable polymer is a carbohydrate or a protein, or a combination thereof. For example, in one embodiment, a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide, (e.g., glucose, sucrose, or maltodextrin) peptide, protein (or domain thereof) is used as a hydrogel monomer. Other biodegradable polymers include poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s of the PHB-PHV class, additional poly(ester)s, and natural polymers, for example, modified poly(saccharide)s, e.g., starch, cellulose, and chitosan. In another embodiment, the biocompatible polymer is an adhesion protein, cellulose, a carbohydrate, a starch (e.g., maltodextrin, 2-hydroxyethyl starch, alginic acid), a dextran, a lignin, a polyaminoacid, an amino acid, or chitin. Such biodegradable polymers are available commercially, for example, from Sigma. Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo.). 
     The protein in one embodiment comprises only natural amino acids. However, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, self-assembling artificial proteins and proteins with non-natural amino acids (e.g., those incorporated into non-ribosomal peptides or synthetically introduced via synthetic approaches, see for example, Zhang et al. (2013). Current Opinion in Structural Biology 23, pp. 581-587, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes), or protein domains thereof, can also be used as hydrogel monomers. The range of non-natural (unnatural) amino acids that can be incorporated into such compositions is well known to those skilled in the art (Zhang et al. (2013). Current Opinion in Structural Biology 23, pp. 581-587; incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes). The biodegradable polymer in one embodiment, is used as a co-monomer, i.e., in a mixture of monomers. The biodegradable polymer in one embodiment is a bifunctional monomer. 
     The biomonomer, in one embodiment, is functionalized with acrylamide or acrylate. For example, in one embodiment, the polymerizable acrylamide functionalized biomolecule is an acrylamide or acrylate functionalized protein (for example, an acrylamide functionalized collagen or functionalized collagen domain), an acrylamide or acrylate functionalized peptide, or an acrylamide or acrylate functionalized monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide. 
     Any monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide (functionalized or otherwise) can be used as a hydrogel monomer. In one embodiment, an acrylamide or acrylate functionalized monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide is used as a polymerizable hydrogel monomer. In one embodiment, a structural polysaccharide is used as a polymerizable hydrogel monomer. In a further embodiment, the structural polysaccharide is an arabinoxylan, cellulose, chitin or a pectin. In another embodiment, alginic acid (alginate) is used as a polymerizable hydrogel monomer. In yet another embodiment, a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is used as a polymerizable monomer in the hydrogels provided herein. In a further embodiment, the GAG is chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratin sulfate, heparin, heparin sulfate or hyaluronic acid (also referred to in the art as hyaluron or hyaluronate) is used as a polymerizable hydrogel monomer. The additional range of compatible biomonomers and their reactive chemistries are known be individuals skilled in the art and follow general chemical reactivity principles. 
     An additional range of biocompatible monomers that can be incorporated are known in the art, see, for example the non-degradable biocompatible monomers disclosed in Shastri (2003). Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 4, pp. 331-337, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes. Other monomers are provided in de Moraes Porto (2012). Polymer Biocompatibility, Polymerization, Dr. Ailton De Souza Gomes (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0745-3; InTech, DOI: 10.5772/47786; Heller et al. (2010). Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 49, pp. 650-661; Final Report for Biocompatible Materials (2004), The Board of the Biocompatible Materials and the Molecular Engineering in Polymer Science programmes, ISBN 91-631-4985-0, the disclosure of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     Biocompatible monomers for use with the hydrogels described herein include in one embodiment, ethyleglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methylmethacrylte (MMA), methacryloxymethyltrimethylsilane (TMS-MA), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon (N-VP), styrene, or a combination thereof. 
     Naturally occurring hydrogels useful in this invention include various polysaccharides available from natural sources such as plants, algae, fungi, yeasts, marine invertebrates and arthropods. Non-limiting examples include agarose, dextrans, chitin, cellulose-based compounds, starch, derivatized starch, and the like. These generally will have repeating glucose units as a major portion of the polysaccharide backbone. Cross-linking chemistries for such polysaccharides are known in the art, see for example Thermo Scientific Crosslinking Technical Handbook entitled “Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology,” (available at tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf). 
     Hyaluronan in one embodiment is used as a hydrogel monomer (either as a single monomer or as a co-monomer). Hyaluronan in one embodiment, is functionalized, for example with acrylate or acrylamide. Hyaluronan is a high molecular weight GAG composed of disaccharide repeating units of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid linked together through alternating β-1,4 and β-1,3 glycosidic bonds. In the human body, hyaluronate is found in several soft connective tissues, including skin, umbilical cord, synovial fluid, and vitreous humor. Accordingly, in one embodiment, where one or more optical properties of a skin cell, umbilical cord cell or vitreous humor cell is desired to be mimicked, in one embodiment, hyaluronan is used as a hydrogel monomer. Methods for fabricating hydrogel particles are described in Xu et al. (2012).  Soft Matter.  8, pp. 3280-3294, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes. As described therein, hyaluronan can be derivatized with various reactive handles depending on the desired cross-linking chemistry and other monomers used to form a hydrogel particle. 
     In yet other embodiments, chitosan, a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit), is used as a hydrogel monomer (either as a single monomer or as a co-monomer). 
     Other polysaccharides for use as a hydrogel monomer or co-monomer include but are not limited to, agar, agarose, alginic acid, alguronic acid, alpha glucan, amylopectin, amylose, arabinoxylan, beta-glucan, callose, capsullan, carrageenan polysaccharides (e.g., kappa, iota or lambda class), cellodextrin, cellulin, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, chrysolaminarin, curdlan, cyclodextrin, alpha-cyclodextrin, dextrin, ficoll, fructan, fucoidan, galactoglucomannan, galactomannan, galactosaminoogalactan, gellan gum, glucan, glucomannan, glucorunoxylan, glycocalyx, glycogen, hemicellulose, homopolysaccharide, hypromellose, icodextrin, inulin, kefiran, laminarin, lentinan, levan polysaccharide, lichenin, mannan, mixed-linkage glucan, paramylon, pectic acid, pectin, pentastarch, phytoglycogen, pleuran, polydextrose, polysaccharide peptide, porphyran, pullulan, schizophyllan, sinistrin, sizofiran, welan gum, xanthan gum, xylan, xyloglucan, zymosan, or a combination thereof. As described throughout, depending on the desired cross-linking chemistry and/or additional co-monomers employed in the hydrogel, the polysaccharide can be further functionalized. For example, one or more of the polysaccharides described herein in one embodiment is functionalized with acrylate or acrylamide. 
     In one embodiment, an individual hydrogel particle or a plurality thereof comprises a peptide, protein, a protein domain, or a combination thereof as a hydrogel monomer or plurality thereof. In a further embodiment, the protein is a structural protein, or a domain thereof, for example, such as silk, elastin, titin or collagen, or a domain thereof. In one embodiment, the protein is an extracellular matrix (ECM) component (e.g., collagen, elastin, proteoglycan). In even a further embodiment, the structural protein is collagen. In yet a further embodiment, the collagen is collagen type I, collagen type II or collagen type III or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the hydrogel monomer comprises a proteoglycan. In a further embodiment, the proteoglycan is decorin, biglycan, testican, bikunin, fibromodulin, lumican, or a domain thereof. 
     In another embodiment, an acrylate-functionalized structural protein hydrogel monomer is used as a component of the hydrogel provided herein (e.g., an acrylate functionalized protein or protein domain, for example, silk, elastin, titin, collagen, proteoglycan, or a functionalized domain thereof). In a further embodiment, the acrylate functionalized structural protein hydrogel monomer comprises a proteoglycan, e.g., decorin, biglycan, testican, bikunin, fibromodulin, lumican, or a domain thereof. 
     In one embodiment PEG monomers and oligopeptides can be that mimic extracellular matrix proteins are used in the hydrogels provided herein, for example, with vinyl sulfone-functionalized multiarm PEG, integrin binding peptides and bis-cysteine matrix metalloproteinase peptides as described by Lutolf et al. (2003).  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.  100, 5413-5418, incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. In this particular embodiment, hydrogels are formed by a Michael-type addition reaction between the di-thiolated oligopeptides and vinyl sulfone groups on the PEG. The range of additional compatible chemistries that can be incorporated here are obvious to those skilled in the art and follow general chemical reactivity principles, see for example Thermo Scientific Crosslinking Technical Handbook entitled “Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology,” (available at tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf). 
     Other bioactive domains in natural proteins can also be used as a hydrogel monomer or portion thereof. For example, a cell-adhesive integrin binding domain, a controlled release affinity binding domain or a transglutaminase cross-linking domain can be used in the hydrogels provided herein. Details for producing such hydrogels can be found in Martino et al. (2009). Biomaterials 30, 1089; Martino et al. (2011).  Sci. Trans. Med.  3, 100ra89; Hu and Messersmith (2003).  J. Am. Chem. Soc.  125, 14298, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
     In one embodiment, recombinant DNA methods are used to create proteins, designed to gel in response to changes in pH or temperature, for example, by the methods described by Petka et al. (1998).  Science  281, pp. 389-392, incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Briefly, the proteins consist of terminal leucine zipper domains flanking a water-soluble polyelectrolyte segment. In near-neutral aqueous solutions, coiled-coil aggregates of the terminal domains form a three-dimensional hydrogel polymer network. 
     Common cross linking agents that can be used to crosslink the hydrogels provided herein include but are not limited to ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and N,N′-15 methylenebisacrylamide. The range of additional crosslinking chemistries which can be used are obvious to those skilled in the art and follow general chemical reactivity principles, see for example Thermo Scientific Crosslinking Technical Handbook entitled “Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology,” (available at tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf). 
     In one embodiment, polymerization of a hydrogel is initiated by a persulfate or an equivalent initiator that catalyzes radical formation. The range of compatible initiators are known to those skilled in the art and follow general chemical reactivity principles, see for example Thermo Scientific Crosslinking Technical Handbook entitled “Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology,” (available at tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf). The persulfate can be any water-soluble persulfate. Non-limiting examples of water soluble persulfates are ammonium persulfate and alkali metal persulfates. Alkali metals include lithium, sodium and potassium. In some embodiments, the persulfate is ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate. In a further embodiment, polymerization of the hydrogel provided herein is initiated by ammonium persulfate. 
     Polymerization of a hydrogel can be accelerated by an accelerant which can catalyze the formation of polymerization-labile chemical side groups. The range of possible accelerants is known to those skilled in the art and follow general chemical reactivity principles see for example Thermo Scientific Crosslinking Technical Handbook entitled “Easy molecular bonding crosslinking technology,” (available at tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/brochures/1602163-Crosslinking-Reagents-Handbook.pdf). The accelerant in one embodiment, is a tertiary amine. The tertiary amine can be any water-soluble tertiary amine. In one embodiment, an accelerant is used in the polymerization reaction and is N,N,N′,N′tetramethylethylenediamine, 3-dimethylamino) propionitrile, or N,N,N′,N′tetramethylethylenediamine (ILMED). In another embodiment, an accelerant is used in the polymerization reaction and isazobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN). 
     As discussed above, the hydrogel for use in the compositions and methods described herein can include any of the monomeric units and crosslinkers as described herein, and in one aspect, are produced as hydrogel particles by polymerizing droplets (see, e.g.,  FIG.  2   ). Microfluidic methods of producing a plurality of droplets, including fluidic and rigidified droplets, are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and described in US Patent Publication No. 2011/0218123 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,294,503, each incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes. Such methods provide for a plurality of droplets containing a first fluid and being substantially surrounded by a second fluid, where the first fluid and the second fluid are substantially immiscible (e.g., droplets containing an aqueous-based liquid being substantially surrounded by an oil based liquid). 
     A plurality of fluidic droplets (e.g., prepared using a microfluidic device) may be polydisperse (e.g., having a range of different sizes), or in some cases, the fluidic droplets may be monodisperse or substantially monodisperse, e.g., having a homogenous distribution of diameters, for instance, such that no more than about 10%, about 5%, about 3%, about 1%, about 0.03%, or about 0.01% of the droplets have an average diameter greater than about 10%, about 5%, about 3%, about 1%, about 0.03%, or about 0.01% of the average diameter. The average diameter of a population of droplets, as used herein, refers to the arithmetic average of the diameters of the droplets. Average diameters of the particles can be measured, for example, by light scattering techniques. Average diameters of hydrogel particles in one embodiment, are tailored, for example by varying flow rates of the fluid streams of the first and second fluids within the channel(s) of a microfluidic device, or by varying the volume of the channel(s) of the microfluidic device. 
     Accordingly, the disclosure provides population of hydrogel particles comprising a plurality of hydrogel particles, wherein the population of hydrogel particles is substantially monodisperse. 
     The term microfluidic refers to a device, apparatus or system including at least one fluid channel having a cross-sectional dimension of less than 1 mm, and a ratio of length to largest cross-sectional dimension perpendicular to the channel of at least about 3:1. A micro fluidic device comprising a micro fluidic channel is especially well suited to preparing a plurality of mono disperse droplets. 
     Non-limiting examples of microfluidic systems that may be used with the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0163385; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0172476; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/000342; International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2006/096571; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0054119; U.S. Pat. No. 7,776,927; and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2006/078841, each incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes. 
     Droplet size is related to microfluidic channel size. The micro fluidic channel may be of any size, for example, having a largest dimension perpendicular to fluid flow of less than about 5 mm or 2 mm, or less than about 1 mm, or less than about 500 μm, less than about 200 μm, less than about 100 μm, less than about 60 μm, less than about 50 μm, less than about 40 μm, less than about 30 μm, less than about 25 μm, less than about 10 μm, less than about 3 μm, less than about 1 μm, less than about 300 nm, less than about 100 nm, less than about 30 nm, or less than about 10 nm. 
     Droplet size can be tuned by adjusting the relative flow rates. In some embodiments, drop diameters are equivalent to the width of the channel, or within about 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% the width of the channel. 
     The dimensions of a hydrogel particle of the disclosure are substantially similar to the droplet from which it was formed. Therefore, in some embodiments, a hydrogel particle has a diameter of less than about 1 μm, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 800, or less than 1000 μm in diameter. In some embodiments, a hydrogel particle has a diameter of more than about 1 μm, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 800, or greater than 1000 μm in diameter. In one embodiment, a hydrogel particle has a diameter in the range of 5 μm to 100 μm. 
     In some embodiments, a hydrogel particle of the disclosure is spherical in shape. 
     In some embodiments, a hydrogel particle of the disclosure does not comprise agarose. 
     Hydrogel particles in one embodiment, is carried by suspension polymerization, which is also referred to in the art as pearl, bead or granular polymerization (see Elbert (2011).  Acta Biomater.  7, pp. 31-56, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes). In suspension polymerization, the monomer is insoluble in the continuous phase, for example an aqueous monomer solution in a continuous oil phase. In suspension polymerization, polymerization initiation occurs within the monomer-rich droplets and with greater than one radical per droplet at any time. The monomer phase in one embodiment includes a monomer which can be a bifunctional monomer or a plurality of monomer species (co-monomers, which can be a plurality of bifunctional monomers. The monomer phase in one embodiment, includes an initiator and/or a crosslinking agent. 
     Emulsion polymerization can also be used to form the hydrogel particles described herein. In emulsion polymerization, the monomer has poor solubility in the continuous phase, similar to suspension polymerization, however, polymerization initiation occurs outside the monomer droplets (see Elbert (2011).  Acta Biomater.  7, pp. 31-56, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes). In emulsion polymerization embodiments, the initiator causes chain growth of the monomer (or co-monomers) dissolved in the continuous phase or monomer contained in micelles if surfactants are present. 
     In another embodiment, hydrogel particles are formed by precipitation polymerization, for example as described in Elbert (2011).  Acta Biomater.  7, pp. 31-56, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes. Precipitation polymerization is a technique that takes advantage of the differences in the solubility of monomer and polymer to produce microparticles. Specifically, it is known that larger polymer chains generally have lower solubility than smaller ones. Accordingly, above a specific molecular weight, phase separation may be favored. Precipitation polymerization initially begins as solution polymerizations in a single phase, homogenous system. Shortly after the start of the polymerization, in one embodiment, a relatively high concentration of polymer chains is present, favoring phase separation by nucleation. As polymerization proceeds, the concentration of polymer chains is low and existing particles capture the chains before nucleation of new particles can occur. Thus, nucleation of particles occurs only for a brief period of time shortly after the start of the reaction, which in one embodiment, results in a narrow size distribution of particles. Additional methods include but are not limited to lithographic particle formation (Helgeson et al. (2011). Curr. Opin. Colloid. Interface Sci. 16, pp. 106-117, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all puposes) membrane emulsification (e.g., by the micosieve emulsification technology techniques described by Nanomi B. V. (Netherlands)) and microchannel emulsification (Sugiura et al. (2002). Languimir 18, pp. 5708-5712, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety) and bulk emulsification (SNF Floerger, available at snf.com.au/downloads/Emulsion_Handbook_E.pdf, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). 
     In one embodiment, hydrogel particles are formed within a microfluidic device having two oil channels that focus on a central stream of aqueous monomer solution. In this embodiment, droplets form at the interface of the two channels and central stream to break off droplets in water-in-oil emulsion. Once droplets are formed, in one embodiment, they are stabilized prior to polymerization, for example, by adding a surfactant to the oil phase. However, in another embodiment, droplets are not stabilized prior to polymerization. Polymerization of the monomer in one embodiment is triggered by adding an accelerator (e.g., N,N,N′,N′tetramethylethylenediamine) to one or both of the oil channels after initial droplets are formed. 
     The aqueous monomer solution as provided above can include a single monomer species or a plurality of monomer species. The aqueous monomer solution can include co-monomers, a bifunctional monomer or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the monomer or plurality of monomers can includes a bifunctional monomer, for example, one of the monomers described above. As described below, co-monomers can be used to modulate forward scatter or side scatter, for example, by adjusting the refractive index of the hydrogel particle. 
     In one embodiment, the central stream of aqueous monomer solution comprises a cross-linker, for example, N,N′-bisacrylamide. In a further embodiment, the central stream of aqueous monomer solution comprises a cross-linker and an accelerator, in addition to the monomer. In yet a further embodiment, the aqueous monomer solution comprises an initiator, for example an oxidizing agent such as ammonium persulfate. 
     Forward scatter was modulated by adjusting the refractive index of the gel by adding co-monomers allyl acrylate and allyl methacrylate (see also  FIGS.  11  and  12   ). Forward scatter can also be modulated with side scattering nanoparticles containing sufficient optical resolution/size/density including, but not limited to, higher density colloidal suspensions of silica and/or PMMA particles. Side scattering of the droplets was tuned by adding a colloidal suspension of silica nanoparticles and/or PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) particles (˜100 nm) to the central aqueous phase prior to polymerization ( FIGS.  11  and  12   ). 
     In one embodiment, a bead, plurality of beads, biomolecule, or plurality of biomolecules is embedded (encapsulated) within the hydrogel particle. An encapsulated bead or biomolecule, in one embodiment, is employed to mimic one or more intracellular organelles of a target cell, or a cell after it engulfs a particle. In one embodiment, encapsulating or embedding a bead or biomolecule is accomplished at the time of hydrogel particle formation. For example, beads can be suspended in the appropriate concentration to allow for an average of one bead to be embedded/encapsulated in a single hydrogel particle. The bead suspension can be included, for example, within the aqueous solution of monomer. Similarly, a biomolecule or mixture of biomolecules can be incorporated into the aqueous solution of monomer to encapsulate the biomolecule or biomolecules. 
     Alternatively, once a hydrogel particle is formed, for example by the methods described above, in one embodiment, it can be further manipulated, for example, by embedding a bead, plurality of beads, biomolecule or plurality of biomolecules within the hydrogel particle. 
     Accordingly, in one aspect of the invention, a hydrogel comprising an embedded substance is provided. 
     In one embodiment, the embedded substance is an embedded molecule, for example a biomolecule. The biomolecule can be a single species or a plurality of different species. For example, a protein, peptide, carbohydrate, nucleic acid or combination thereof can be encapsulated within a hydrogel particle of the invention. Moreover, different nucleic acid molecules (e.g., of varying sequences or nucleic acid type such as genomic DNA, messenger RNA or DNA-RNA hybrids) can be encapsulated by the hydrogel particle of the invention. These can be comprised of any protein or nucleic acid as both forms of biological material contain labile chemical side-groups (or can be modified by commercial vendors (e.g., Integrated DNA Technology chemical side group modifications). Such side-groups are compatible with reaction chemistries commonly found in co-monomer compositions (e.g. acrylate chemistry, NHS-ester, primary amines, copper catalyzed click chemistry (Sharpless)). The range of possible embedded molecules which contain compatible chemistries is understood by those skilled in the art. 
     In one embodiment, different subpopulations of hydrogel particles are fabricated, each with a different concentration of biomolecule. In a further embodiment, the biomolecule is a nucleic acid, a protein, an intracellular ion such as calcium acid (or other biomolecule of the user&#39;s choosing, for example, calcium). In another embodiment, different subpopulations of hydrogel particles are fabricated, each with a different concentration of a drug substance. The drug substance in one embodiment is a biomolecule (i.e., a biologic, antibody, antibody drug conjugate, protein/enzyme, peptide, non-ribosomal peptide, or related molecule) or a small molecule synthetic drug (e.g., Type I/II/III polyketide, non-ribosomal peptide with bioactive properties, or other small molecule entity as generally classified by those skilled in the art). 
     In this regard, the present invention is particularly useful for determining assay resolution where cells are stained for their respective nucleic acid or protein content. In one embodiment, different populations of the hydrogel particles provided herein are encapsulated with known, differing amounts of an intracellular substance, e.g., nucleic acid or protein. Individual hydrogel particles are stained for the intracellular substance and fluorescence is measured via a cytometric device for the individual hydrogels of the various populations. This allows for a generation of a standard curve to establish the sensitivity and dynamic range of the intracellular assay. Once established, a sample can be run through the cytometer to detect target cell(s) if present, and to quantify the amount of intracellular substance in the respective target cell(s). In one embodiment, the embedded substance is an infectious disease biomarker, for example one of the infectious disease biomarkers in the Infectious Disease Biomarker Database (IDBD, see Yang et al. (2008) IDBD: Infectious Disease Biomarker Database.  Nucleic Acid Res.  36, pp. D455-D460, incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes). In a further embodiment, the infectious disease biomarker is a biomarker of gastrointestinal infection, respiratory infection, neurological infection, urogenital infection, viral infection, hemorrhagic fever, zoonosis, arbovirus, antibiotics resistance or bioterrorism. In a further embodiment, the viral infection is an Ebola infection. 
     In one embodiment, the methods provided herein are used to determine the sensitivity and/or dynamic range of a cellular nucleic acid quantification assay. In this embodiment, a sample is interrogated for cell types within the sample (if present), and amount of cellular nucleic acid within the cell. 
     In another embodiment, the present invention provides a means for determining the resolution and/or sensitivity of an intracellular protein quantification assay. Hydrogel particles, in one embodiment, encapsulate known amounts of protein, at various concentrations, and subsequently stained with the appropriate protein antibody. Fluorescence is measured for the various particles to determine the sensitivity and/or dynamic range of the assay. The fluorescence values can then be compared to the values obtained from cells in a sample, to determine whether a target cell is present and whether it contains the intracellular protein, and the amount of the protein. 
     In one embodiment, individual hydrogel particles are tuned to have at least one optical property substantially similar to a circulating tumor cell or a fetal cell, present in maternal blood. The individual particles are embedded with known quantities of a biomolecule of interest. The particles are used to generate a standard curve for a biomolecule detection assay for the particular cell type. 
     As provided above, in one aspect of the invention, a hydrogel comprising an embedded substance is provided. In one embodiment, the embedded substance is a bead or plurality of beads. In one embodiment, a hydrogel particle is embedded with a single bead. In another embodiment, individual hydrogels the average number of embedded beads in a plurality of hydrogel particles is one. 
     In the case where a bead or plurality of beads are embedded into a hydrogel particle, in one embodiment, the optical properties of the bead or plurality of beads are used in combination with the FSC and SSC properties of the hydrogel particle for quality control of a flow cytometry assay. For example, the embedded bead in one embodiment is used as a control to calibrate the flow cytometer system, including the laser source, optics, and stream flow. In another embodiment, the embedded bead is used as a means for quantitating the amount of fluorescence in a sample, e.g., a particular cell. In this regard, embedded beads of various intensities can be used to generate a standard curve of fluorescence to determine whether a cell expresses a certain marker and at what level of expression. 
     In one embodiment, a bead with the diameter of about 1 μm to about 3 μm, about 2 μm to about 4 μm or about 3 μm to about 7 μm is embedded in a hydrogel provided herein. For example, in one embodiment, the bead has a diameter of about 3 μm to about 3.5 μm. In a further embodiment, the bead is a fluorescent bead. In another embodiment, the bead has a diameter of about 1 μm to about 2.5 μm or about 1.5 μm to about 3 μm. In a further embodiment, the bead is a fluorescent bead and can be stained either internally or at its surface. In even a further embodiment, the fluorescent bead is stained internally. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is thought that internal staining insulates the fluorophores from environmental interactions that could cause variable fluorescence output. 
     As provided above, in one embodiment, the embedded bead is a fluorescence bead and in a further embodiment, the fluorescent bead is stained internally. It is within the skill in the art to select the appropriate fluorophore for use in conjunction with an embedded bead. In one embodiment, the bead is derivatized with one or more of the following fluorescent dyes: 6-carboxy-4′,5′-dichloro-2′,7′-dimethoxyfluorescein succinimidylester; 5-(and-6)-carboxyeosin; 5-carboxyfluorescein; 6 carboxyfluorescein; 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein; S-carboxyfluorescein-bis-(5-carboxymethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)ether,-alanine-carboxamide, or succinimidyl ester; 5-carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester; 6-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinyl) amino fluorescein; 2 ‘, 7’-difluoro fluorescein; eosin-5-isothiocyanate; erythrosin5-isothiocyanate; 6-(fluorescein-5-carboxamido) hexanoic acid or succinimidyl ester; 6-(fluorescein-5-(and-6)-carboxamido) hexanoic acid or succinimidylester; fluorescein-S-EX succinimidyl ester; fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; fluorescein-6-isothiocyanate; OregonGreen® 488 carboxylic acid, or succinimidyl ester; Oregon Green® 488 isothiocyanate; Oregon Green® 488-X succinimidyl ester; Oregon Green® 500 carboxylic acid; Oregon Green® 500 carboxylic acid, succinimidylester or triethylammonium salt; Oregon Green® 514 carboxylic acid; Oregon Green® 514 carboxylic acid or succinimidyl ester; RhodamineGreen™ carboxylic acid, succinimidyl ester or hydrochloride; Rhodamine Green™ carboxylic acid, trifluoroacetamide or succinimidylester; Rhodamine Green™-X succinimidyl ester or hydrochloride; RhodolGreen™ carboxylic acid, N,O-bis-(trifluoroacetyl) or succinimidylester; bis-(4-carboxypiperidinyl) sulfonerhodamine or di(succinimidylester); 5-(and-6)carboxynaphtho fluorescein, 5-(and-6)carboxynaphthofluorescein succinimidyl ester; 5-carboxyrhodamine 6G hydrochloride; 6-carboxyrhodamine6Ghydrochloride, 5-carboxyrhodamine 6G succinimidyl ester; 6-carboxyrhodamine 6G succinimidyl ester; 5-(and-6)-carboxyrhodamine6G succinimidyl ester; 5-carboxy-2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromosulfonefluorescein succinimidyl esteror bis-(diisopropylethylammonium) salt; 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine; 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine; 5-(and-6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine; 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester; 6-carboxytetmmethylrhodaminesuccinimidyl ester; 5-(and-6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester; 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine; 5-carboxy-X-rhodamine succinimidyl ester; 6-carboxy-Xrhodamine succinimidyl ester; 5-(and-6)-carboxy-Xrhodaminesuccinimidyl ester; 5-carboxy-X-rhodamine triethylammonium Salaissamine™ rhodamine B sulfonyl chloride; malachite green; isothiocyanate; NANOGOLD® mono(sulfosuccinimidyl ester); QSY® 21 carboxylic acid or succinimidyl ester; QSY® 7 carboxylic acid or succinimidyl ester; Rhodamine Red™-X succinimidyl ester; 6-(tetramethylrhodamine-54 and-6)-carboxamido) hexanoic acid; succinimidyl ester; tetramethylrhodamine-5-isothiocyanate; tetmmethylrhodamine-6-isothiocyanate; tetramethylrhodamine-5-(and-6)-isothiocyanate; Texas Red® sulfonyl; Texas Red® sulfonyl chloride; Texas Red®-X STP ester or sodium salt; Texas Red®-X succinimidyl ester; Texas Red®-X succinimidyl ester; and X-rhodamine-5-(and-6) isothiocyanate, BODIPY® dyes commercially available from Invitrogen, including, but not limited to BODIPY® FL; BODIPY® TMR STP ester; BODIPY® TR-X STP ester; BODIPY® 630/650-X STPester; BODIPY® 650/665-X STP ester; 6-dibromo-4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionic acid succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3,5-dipropionic acid; 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-pentanoicacid; 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-pentanoicacid succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3propionicacid; 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4adiaza-s-indacene-3-propionicacid succinimidyl ester; 4,4difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3propionic acid; sulfosuccinimidyl ester or sodium salt; 6-((4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3propionyl)amino)hexanoicacid; 6-((4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl)amino)hexanoic acid or succinimidyl ester; N-(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bona-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene propionyl) cysteic acid, succinimidyl ester or triethylammonium salt; 6-4,4-difluoro-1,3-dimethyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl) bora3a,4a4,4-difluoro-5,7-diphenyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene-3-propionicacid; 4,4-difluoro-5,7-diphenyl-4-bora3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionicacid succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5-phenyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionic acid; succinimidyl ester; 6-((4,4-difluoro-5-phenyl-4 bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl)amino) hexanoicacid or succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionicacid succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5-(2-pyrrolyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionic acid succinimidyl ester; 6-(((4,4-difluoro (2-pyrrolyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-yl)styryloxy)acetyl)aminohexanoicacid or succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5-styryl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionic acid; 4,4-difluoro-5-styryl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene-3-propionic acid; succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4adiaza-s-indacene-8-propionicacid; 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene-8-propionic acid succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5-(2-thienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene-3-propionic acid succinimidyl ester; 6-(((4-(4,4-difluoro-5-(2-thienyl)-4-bora-3a,4adiazas-indacene-3-yl)phenoxy)acetyl)amino)hexanoic acid or succinimidyl ester; and 6-(((4,4-difluoro-5-(2-thienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-yl)styiyloxy)acetyl) aminohexanoic acid or succinimidyl ester, Alexa fluor dyes commercially available from Invitrogen, including but not limited to Alexa Fluor® 350 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 430 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 488 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 532 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 546 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 555 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 568 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 594 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 633 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 64 7 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 660 carboxylic acid; and Alexa Fluor® 680 carboxylic acid, cyanine dyes commercially available from Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech, including, but not limited to Cy3 NHS ester; Cy 5 NHS ester; Cy5.5 NHSester; and Cy7 NHS ester. 
     Other Fluorophores amenable for use with the present invention are provided in Table 2 bel 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Exci- 
                 Emis- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 ID 
                 NAME 
                 Alternate Names 
                 tation 
                 sion 
                 Vendor/Source 
                 ACS CAS# 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ISAC148 
                 6-carboxyfluorescein 
                   
                 492 
                 518 
                 PubChem 
                 3301-79-9 
               
               
                 ISAC1 
                 6-JOE 
                   
                 520 
                 550 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 82855-40-1 
               
               
                 ISAC2 
                 7-AAD 
                   
                 545 
                 647 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 7240-37-1 
               
               
                 ISAC3 
                 Acridine Orange 
                   
                 503 
                 525 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 65-61-2 
               
               
                 ISAC4 
                 Alexa Fluor 350 
                 AF350; 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-sulfonic acid, 
                 343 
                 442 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 244636-14-4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 7-amino-3-[2-[(2,5-dioxo-1- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 pyrrolidinyl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]-4-methyl-2- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 oxo-; 200554-19-4 
               
               
                 ISAC6 
                 Alexa Fluor 405 
                 AF405; C46H69N5O15S3 
                 401 
                 425 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 791637-08-6 
               
               
                 ISAC7 
                 Alexa Fluor 430 
                 AF430; C32H42F3N3O9S 
                 433 
                 541 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 467233-94-9 
               
               
                 ISAC8 
                 Alexa Fluor 488 
                 AF488; C25H15Li2N3O13S2 
                 496 
                 519 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 247144-99-6 
               
               
                 ISAC9 
                 Alexa Fluor 500 
                 AF500; CAS#798557-08-1 
                 503 
                 525 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 798557-08-1 
               
               
                 ISAC10 
                 Alexa Fluor 514 
                 AF514; C31H27N3O13S2 
                 517 
                 542 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 798557-07-0 
               
               
                 ISAC11 
                 Alexa Fluor 532 
                 AF532; 1H-Pyrano[3,2-f: 5,6-f′]diindole- 
                 532 
                 553 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 222159-92-4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 10,12-disulfonic acid, 5-[4-[[(2,5-dioxo-1- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 pyrrolidinyl)oxy]carbonyl]phenyl]-2,3,7,8- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 tetrahydro-2,3,3,7,7,8-hexamethyl-; 
               
               
                   
                   
                 271795-14-3 
               
               
                 ISAC13 
                 Alexa Fluor 546 
                 AF546; C50H62Cl3N5O14S3 
                 556 
                 573 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 247145-23-9 
               
               
                 ISAC14 
                 Alexa Fluor 555 
                 AF555 
                 555 
                 565 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 644990-77-2 
               
               
                 ISAC15 
                 Alexa Fluor 568 
                 AF568 
                 578 
                 603 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 247145-38-6 
               
               
                 ISAC16 
                 Alexa Fluor 594 
                 AF594 
                 590 
                 617 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 247145-86-4 
               
               
                 ISAC17 
                 Alexa Fluor 610 
                 AF610; C58H77Cl3N6O14S3 
                 612 
                 628 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 900528-62-3 
               
               
                 ISAC18 
                 Alexa Fluor 633 
                 AF633 
                 632 
                 647 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 477780-06-6 
               
               
                 ISAC19 
                 Alexa Fluor 635 
                 AF635 
                 633 
                 647 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 945850-82-8 
               
               
                 ISAC20 
                 Alexa Fluor 647 
                 AF647 
                 650 
                 665 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 400051-23-2 
               
               
                 ISAC21 
                 Alexa Fluor 660 
                 AF660 
                 663 
                 690 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 422309-89-5 
               
               
                 ISAC22 
                 Alexa Fluor 680 
                 AF680 
                 679 
                 702 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 422309-67-9 
               
               
                 ISAC23 
                 Alexa Fluor 700 
                 AF700 
                 702 
                 723 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 697795-05-4 
               
               
                 ISAC24 
                 Alexa Fluor 750 
                 AF750 
                 749 
                 775 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 697795-06-5 
               
               
                 ISAC25 
                 Alexa Fluor 790 
                 AF790 
                 784 
                 814 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 950891-33-5 
               
               
                 ISAC26 
                 AMCA 
                   
                 346 
                 448 
                 SantaCruzBiotech 
                 106562-32-7 
               
               
                 ISAC27 
                 AmCyan 
                   
                 457 
                 489 
                 BDBioscences 
                 1216872-44-4 
               
               
                 ISAC28 
                 APC 
                 Allophycocyanin 
                 650 
                 660 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC29 
                 APC-Alexa Fluor 680 
                 APC-AF680 
                 655 
                 704 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC30 
                 APC-Alexa Fluor 700 
                 APC-AF700 
                 655 
                 718 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC31 
                 APC-Alexa Fluor 750 
                 APC-AF750 
                 650 
                 775 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC32 
                 APC-Cy5.5 
                 Allophycocyanin-Cy5.5 
                 650 
                 695 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC33 
                 APC-Cy7 
                 Allophycocyanin-Cy7 
                 650 
                 767 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC34 
                 APC-eFluor 750 
                 eFluor750APC 
                 650 
                 750 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC35 
                 APC-eFluor 780 
                 eFluor780APC 
                 650 
                 780 
                 eBioscience 
                 1472056-77-1 
               
               
                 ISAC36 
                 APC-H7 
                 H7APC 
                 650 
                 765 
                 BDBioscences 
                 1366000-62-5 
               
               
                 ISAC37 
                 APC-Vio770 
                 Vio770APC 
                 652 
                 775 
                 Miltenyl Biotech 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC38 
                 Atto488 
                   
                 501 
                 523 
                 ATTO-TEC 
                 923585-42-6 
               
               
                 ISAC39 
                 BIOTIN 
                   
                 0 
                 0 
                 PubChem 
                 58-85-5 
               
               
                 ISAC40 
                 BODIPY FL 
                   
                 502 
                 511 
                 SantaCruzBiotech 
                 165599-63-3 
               
               
                 ISAC41 
                 BODIPY R6G 
                 4,4-difluoro-5-phenyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza- 
                 527 
                 547 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 335193-70-9 
               
               
                   
                   
                 s-indacene-3-propionic acid, succinimidyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ester; C22H18BF2N3O4 
               
               
                 ISAC43 
                 Brilliant Violet 421 
                 BV421 
                 406 
                 423 
                 Biolegend 
                 1428441-68-2 
               
               
                 ISAC44 
                 Brilliant Violet 510 
                 BV510 
                 405 
                 510 
                 Biolegend 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC45 
                 Brilliant Violet 570 
                 BV570 
                 407 
                 571 
                 Biolegend 
                 1428441-76-2 
               
               
                 ISAC46 
                 Brilliant Violet 605 
                 BV605 
                 407 
                 603 
                 Biolegend 
                 1632128-60-9 
               
               
                 ISAC47 
                 Brilliant Violet 612 
                 BV612 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Biolegend 
                 1428441-91-1 
               
               
                 ISAC48 
                 Brilliant Violet 650 
                 BV650 
                 407 
                 647 
                 Biolegend 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC49 
                 Brilliant Violet 711 
                 BV711 
                 405 
                 711 
                 Biolegend 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC50 
                 Brilliant Violet 785 
                 BV785 
                 405 
                 786 
                 Biolegend 
                 1613592-44-1 
               
               
                 ISAC53 
                 Calcein 
                 CAS#: 1461-15-0 
                 493 
                 514 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 1461-15-0 
               
               
                 ISAC51 
                 Calcein AM 
                   
                 496 
                 517 
                 PubChem 
                 148504-34-1 
               
               
                 ISAC52 
                 Calcein Blue AM 
                   
                 360 
                 445 
                 PubChem 
                 168482-84-6 
               
               
                 ISAC54 
                 Calcein Violet AM 
                   
                 400 
                 452 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC55 
                 Calcium Sensor Dye eFluor 
                   
                 490 
                 514 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 514 
               
               
                 ISAC56 
                 Cascade Blue 
                   
                 401 
                 420 
                 PubChem 
                 1325-87-7 
               
               
                 ISAC57 
                 Cascade Yellow 
                   
                 400 
                 550 
                 Synchem UG &amp; Co. 
                 220930-95-0 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 KG 
               
               
                 ISAC58 
                 Cell Proliferation Dye 
                   
                 405 
                 445 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 eFluor 450 
               
               
                 ISAC59 
                 Cell Proliferation Dye 
                   
                 652 
                 672 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 eFluor 670 
               
               
                 ISAC60 
                 CellTrace Violet Cell 
                   
                 392 
                 455 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Proliferation 
               
               
                 ISAC61 
                 CellVue Claret 
                   
                 655 
                 657 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 1042142-46-0 
               
               
                 ISAC62 
                 CFSE 
                   
                 492 
                 525 
                 SantaCruzBiotech 
                 150347-59-4 
               
               
                 ISAC63 
                 CPC 
                 O-cresolphthalein complexone 
                 488 
                 660 
                 Chemical Book 
                 2411-89-4 
               
               
                 ISAC65 
                 Cy2 
                   
                 492 
                 507 
                 GElifesciences 
                 102185-03-5 
               
               
                 ISAC66 
                 Cy3 
                   
                 552 
                 566 
                 GElifesciences 
                 146368-16-3 
               
               
                 ISAC67 
                 Cy3.5 
                   
                 581 
                 598 
                 GElifesciences 
                 189767-45-1 
               
               
                 ISAC68 
                 Cy5 
                   
                 633 
                 670 
                 GElifesciences 
                 144377-05-9 
               
               
                 ISAC69 
                 Cy5.5 
                   
                 677 
                 695 
                 GElifesciences 
                 210892-23-2 
               
               
                 ISAC70 
                 Cy7 
                   
                 743 
                 767 
                 GElifesciences 
                 169799-14-8 
               
               
                 ISAC71 
                 Cychrome 
                   
                 565 
                 667 
                 BDBioscences 
                 245670-67-1 
               
               
                 ISAC73 
                 CyQUANT DNA 
                   
                 502 
                 522 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC74 
                 CyTRAK Orange 
                 1,5-bis{[2-(di-methylamino) 
                 514 
                 609 
                 Abcam 
                 1195771-25-5 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethyl]amino}-4,8-dihydroxyanthracene- 
                   
                   
                 (eBioscience) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9,10-dione 
               
               
                 ISAC76 
                 DAPI 
                   
                 358 
                 462 
                 PubChem 
                 47165-04-8 
               
               
                 ISAC77 
                 DCFH 
                   
                 505 
                 525 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 106070-31-9 
               
               
                 ISAC79 
                 DiA 
                 DiA; 4-Di-16-ASP (4-(4- 
                 455 
                 586 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 371114-38-4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (Dihexadecylamino)styryl)-N- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Methylpyridinium Iodide); C46H79IN2 
               
               
                 ISAC81 
                 DiD 
                 DiD′ solid; DiIC18(5) solid (1,1′- 
                 647 
                 669 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 127274-91-3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tetramethylindodicarbocyanine, 4- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Chlorobenzenesulfonate Salt); 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C67H103ClN2O3S 
               
               
                 ISAC84 
                 DiI 
                 DiI Stain (1,1′-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′- 
                 550 
                 568 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 41085-99-8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tetramethylindocarbocyanine Perchlorate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (‘DiI’; DiIC18(3))); C59H97ClN2O4; 3H- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indolium, 2-(3-(1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1-octadecyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-1 - 
               
               
                   
                   
                 propenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecyl-, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 perchlorate/ 
               
               
                 ISAC88 
                 DiO 
                 DiO′; DiOC18(3) (3,3′- 
                 489 
                 506 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 34215-57-1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Perchlorate); C53H85ClN2O6; 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Benzoxazolium, 3-octadecyl-2-[3-(3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 octadecyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolylidene)-1- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 propenyl]-, perchlorate/ 
               
               
                 ISAC92 
                 DiR 
                 DiR′; DiIC18(7) (1,1′-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′- 
                 750 
                 781 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 100068-60-8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tetramethylindotricarbocyanine Iodide); 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C63H101IN2 
               
               
                 ISAC95 
                 DRAQ5 
                   
                 645 
                 683 
                 CellSignallingTech 
                 254098-36-7 
               
               
                 ISAC96 
                 DRAQ7 
                   
                 599 
                 694 
                 CellSignallingTech 
                 1533453-55-2 
               
               
                 ISAC97 
                 DsRED 
                   
                 532 
                 595 
                 Clontech 
                 469863-23-8 
               
               
                 ISAC98 
                 dsRed2-RFP 
                   
                 555 
                 582 
                 Clontech 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC99 
                 DY547 
                 547 Dyomics 
                 557 
                 574 
                 Dynomics 
                 947138-67-2 
               
               
                 ISAC100 
                 DY634 
                 634 Dyomics 
                 635 
                 658 
                 Dynomics 
                 1189010-49-8 
               
               
                 ISAC101 
                 DY647 
                 647 Dyomics 
                 650 
                 665 
                 Dynomics 
                 890317-39-2 
               
               
                 ISAC102 
                 DyLight 350 
                 DL350 
                 353 
                 432 
                 PierceNet 
                 1436849-83-0 
               
               
                 ISAC103 
                 DyLight 405 
                 DL405 
                 400 
                 420 
                 PierceNet 
                 1051927-09-3 
               
               
                 ISAC104 
                 DyLight 488 
                 DL488 
                 493 
                 518 
                 PierceNet 
                 1051927-12-8 
               
               
                 ISAC105 
                 DyLight 549 
                 DL549 
                 562 
                 576 
                 JacksonImmunoRes 
                 1051927-13-9 
               
               
                 ISAC106 
                 DyLight 550 
                 DL550 
                 562 
                 576 
                 PierceNet 
                 1340586-78-8 
               
               
                 ISAC107 
                 DyLight 594 
                 DL594 
                 593 
                 618 
                 PierceNet 
                 1268612-00-5 
               
               
                 ISAC108 
                 DyLight 633 
                 DL633 
                 638 
                 658 
                 PierceNet 
                 1051927-14-0 
               
               
                 ISAC109 
                 DyLight 649 
                 DL649 
                 654 
                 670 
                 JacksonImmunoRes 
                 1051927-15-1 
               
               
                 ISAC110 
                 DyLight 650 
                 DL650 
                 652 
                 672 
                 PierceNet 
                 1364214-13-0 
               
               
                 ISAC111 
                 DyLight 680 
                 DL680 
                 682 
                 712 
                 PierceNet 
                 1051927-24-2 
               
               
                 ISAC112 
                 DyLight 800 
                 DL800 
                 777 
                 794 
                 PierceNet 
                 1051927-23-1 
               
               
                 ISAC113 
                 EB 
                 Ethidium Bromide 
                 523 
                 604 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 1239-45-8 
               
               
                 ISAC114 
                 ECD 
                   
                 563 
                 613 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 88475-75-6 
               
               
                 ISAC116 
                 ECFP 
                 enhanced cyan fluorescent protein 
                 435 
                 477 
                 MyBiosource 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC118 
                 EdU 
                 EdU(5-ethynyl-2\u2032-deoxyuridine); 
                 0 
                 0 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 61135-33-9 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C11H12N2O5 
               
               
                 ISAC120 
                 EdU Alexa Fluor 488 
                   
                 496 
                 516 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC121 
                 EdU Alexa Fluor 647 
                   
                 650 
                 665 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC122 
                 EdU Pacific Blue 
                   
                 405 
                 455 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC123 
                 eFluor 450 
                   
                 400 
                 450 
                 eBioscience 
                 1592653-87-6 
               
               
                 ISAC124 
                 eFluor 450 Fixable Viability 
                   
                 400 
                 450 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Dye 
               
               
                 ISAC125 
                 eFluor 490 
                   
                 350 
                 490 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC126 
                 eFluor 506 Fixable Viability 
                   
                 420 
                 506 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Dye 
               
               
                 ISAC127 
                 eFluor 525 
                   
                 350 
                 525 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC128 
                 eFluor 565 
                   
                 350 
                 565 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC129 
                 eFluor 585 
                   
                 350 
                 604 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC130 
                 eFluor 605 
                   
                 350 
                 605 
                 eBioscience 
                 1248429-27-7 
               
               
                 ISAC131 
                 eFluor 615 
                   
                 590 
                 622 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC132 
                 eFluor 625 
                   
                 350 
                 625 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC133 
                 eFluor 650 
                   
                 350 
                 650 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC134 
                 eFluor 660 
                   
                 633 
                 658 
                 eBioscience 
                 1634649-16-3 
               
               
                 ISAC135 
                 eFluor 670 
                   
                 0 
                 0 
                 eBioscience 
                 1437243-07-6 
               
               
                 ISAC136 
                 eFluor 700 
                   
                 350 
                 700 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC137 
                 eFluor 710 
                   
                 350 
                 710 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC138 
                 eFluor 780 Fixable Viability 
                   
                 755 
                 780 
                 eBioscience 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Dye 
               
               
                 ISAC139 
                 EGFP 
                 enhanced green fluorescent protein 
                 480 
                 510 
                 MyBiosource 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC141 
                 Emerald 300 
                   
                 289 
                 530 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC142 
                 Eosin 
                   
                 525 
                 546 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 17372-87-1 
               
               
                 ISAC143 
                 Ethidium Homodimer-1 
                   
                 528 
                 617 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 61926-22-5 
               
               
                 ISAC144 
                 Ethidium Monoazide EMA 
                   
                 510 
                 590 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 58880-05-0 
               
               
                 ISAC145 
                 EYFP 
                 enhanced yellow fluorescent protein 
                 515 
                 528 
                 MyBiosource 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC147 
                 FAM 
                   
                 492 
                 518 
                 PubChem 
                 76823-03-5 
               
               
                 ISAC149 
                 FITC 
                 Fluorescein 
                 500 
                 520 
                 PubChem 
                 27072-45-3 
               
               
                 ISAC153 
                 Fluo-3 
                 C51H50Cl2N2O23; Glycine, N-[4-[6- 
                 506 
                 526 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 123632-39-3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 [(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2,7-dichloro-3-oxo- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 3H-xanthen-9-yl]-2-[2-[2-[bis[2- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 [(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxyethyl]amino]-5- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 methylphenoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-N-[2- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 [(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxyethyl]-, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (acetyloxy)methyl ester/ 
               
               
                 ISAC155 
                 Fluo-4 
                 C51H50F2N2O23; Glycine, N-[4-[6- 
                 494 
                 516 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 273221-59-3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 [(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2,7-difluoro-3-oxo- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 3H-xanthen-9-yl]-2-[2-[2-[bis[2- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 [(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 5-methylphenoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-N-[2- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 [(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (acetyloxy)methyl ester/ 
               
               
                 ISAC152 
                 FLMA 
                 Fluorescein-5-maleimide 
                 495 
                 520 
                 PierceNet 
                 75350-46-8 
               
               
                 ISAC157 
                 Fluoro-Emerald 
                 Dextran, Fluorescein, 10,000 MW, 
                 495 
                 523 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 194369-11-4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Anionic, Lysine Fixable 
               
               
                 ISAC159 
                 Fura Red 
                   
                   
                   
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 149732-62-7 
               
               
                 ISAC162 
                 Fura3 
                 Fura-2 LeakRes (AM) 
                 325 
                 510 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 172890-84-5 
               
               
                 ISAC164 
                 FxCycle Far Red 
                   
                 640 
                 658 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC165 
                 FxCycle Violet 
                 C16H17Cl2N5; 1H-Indole-6- 
                 358 
                 462 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 28718-90-3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 carboximidamide, 2-[4- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (aminoiminomethyl)phenyl]-, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 dihydrochloride/ 
               
               
                 ISAC167 
                 GFP 
                 green fluorescent protein 
                 488 
                 515 
                 MyBiosource 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC169 
                 GFP Violet Excited 
                   
                 398 
                 515 
                 MyBiosource 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC170 
                 GFP-Vex1 
                   
                 398 
                 515 
                 MyBiosource 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC171 
                 HiLyte Fluor 488 
                   
                 501 
                 527 
                 Anaspec 
                 1051927-29-7 
               
               
                 ISAC172 
                 HiLyte Fluor 555 
                   
                 550 
                 566 
                 Anaspec 
                 1051927-30-0 
               
               
                 ISAC173 
                 HiLyte Fluor 647 
                   
                 649 
                 674 
                 Anaspec 
                 925693-87-4 
               
               
                 ISAC174 
                 HiLyte Fluor 680 
                   
                 0 
                 0 
                 Anaspec 
                 1051927-34-4 
               
               
                 ISAC175 
                 HiLyte Fluor 750 
                   
                 754 
                 778 
                 Anaspec 
                 1051927-32-2 
               
               
                 ISAC176 
                 Hoechst 33258 
                   
                 345 
                 455 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 23491-45-4 
               
               
                 ISAC177 
                 Hoechst 33342 
                 bisBenzimide H 33342 trihydrochloride 
                 343 
                 455 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 23491-52-3 
               
               
                 ISAC179 
                 Hydroxycoumarin 
                 C10H6O5; 7-hydroxycoumarin-3- 
                 360 
                 450 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 43070-85-5 
               
               
                   
                   
                 carboxylic acid; 2H-1-Benzopyran-3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 carboxylic acid, 7-hydroxy-2-oxo-/; 4- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chloromethyl-7-hydroxycoumarin 
               
               
                 ISAC183 
                 Indo-1 
                 Indo-1 AM Calcium Sensor Dye; 
                 347 
                 480 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 96314-96-4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C47H51N3O22; 1H-Indole-6-carboxylic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acid, 2-[4-[bis[2-[(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 oxoethyl]amino]-3-[2-[2-[bis[2- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 [(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxoetyl]amino]-5- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 methylphenoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (acetyloxy)methyl ester/ 
               
               
                 ISAC187 
                 JC-1 
                 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′- 
                 593 
                 595 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 3520-43-2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 iodide; C25H27Cl4IN4 
               
               
                 ISAC189 
                 Krome Orange 
                   
                 398 
                 530 
                 Beckman Coulter 
                 1558035-65-6 
               
               
                 ISAC190 
                 Leadmium 
                   
                 490 
                 520 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC191 
                 LIVE/DEAD Fixable Aqua 
                 Aqua LIVE/DEAD 
                 367 
                 526 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Dead Cell Stain 
               
               
                 ISAC193 
                 LIVE/DEAD Fixable Blue 
                 Blue LIVE/DEAD 
                 343 
                 442 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Dead Cell Stain 
               
               
                 ISAC195 
                 LIVE/DEAD Fixable Far Red 
                   
                 650 
                 670 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Dead Cell Stain 
               
               
                 ISAC196 
                 LIVE/DEAD Fixable Green 
                 Green LIVE/DEAD 
                 498 
                 525 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Dead Cell Stain 
               
               
                 ISAC198 
                 LIVE/DEAD Fixable Near-IR 
                   
                 752 
                 776 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Dead Cell Stain 
               
               
                 ISAC199 
                 LIVE/DEAD Fixable Red 
                   
                 594 
                 612 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Dead Cell Stain 
               
               
                 ISAC200 
                 LIVE/DEAD Fixable Violet 
                 Violet LIVE/DEAD 
                 403 
                 455 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Dead Cell Stain 
               
               
                 ISAC202 
                 LIVE/DEAD Fixable Yellow 
                 Yellow LIVE/DEAD 
                 401 
                 551 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 Dead Cell Stain 
               
               
                 ISAC204 
                 Lucifer Yellow 
                 C13H9Li2N5O9S2; 1H- 
                 428 
                 544 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 82446-52-4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Benz[de]isoquinoline-5,8-disulfonic acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 6-amino-2-[(hydrazinocarbonyl)amino]- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-, dilithium salt/ 
               
               
                 ISAC206 
                 Magnesium Green 
                 C33H17Cl2K5N2O13; Glycine, N-[2- 
                 507 
                 531 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 170516-41-3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (carboxymethoxy)-4-[[(2′,7′-dichloro-3′,6′- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 dihydroxy-3-oxospiro[isobenzofuran- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1(3H),9′-[9H]xanthen]-5- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 yl)carbonyl]amino]phenyl]-N- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (carboxymethyl)-, pentapotassium salt/ 
               
               
                 ISAC208 
                 Marina Blue 
                 C16H11F2NO7; 2,5-Pyrrolidinedione, 1- 
                 364 
                 461 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 215868-23-8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 [[(6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl)acetyl]oxy]-/; 
               
               
                 ISAC210 
                 mBanana 
                   
                 540 
                 553 
                 Clontech 
                 1114839-40-5 
               
               
                 ISAC211 
                 mCherry 
                   
                 587 
                 610 
                 Clontech 
                 1628764-31-7 
               
               
                 ISAC212 
                 mCitrine 
                   
                 516 
                 529 
                 Not Commercialized 
                 1357606-54-2 
               
               
                 ISAC213 
                 MethylCoumarin 
                 AMCA-X, SE (6-((7-Amino-4- 
                 360 
                 448 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 1333-47-7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Methylcoumarin-3-Acetyl)amino)Hexanoic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Acid, Succinimidyl Ester); C22H25N3O7 
               
               
                 ISAC216 
                 MitoTracker Green 
                 C34H28Cl5N3O; Benzoxazolium, 2-[3- 
                 490 
                 512 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 1304563-13-0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 [5,6-dichloro-1,3-bis[[4- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (chloromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-1,3-dihydro- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene]-1-propenyl]- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 3-methyl-, chloride/ 
               
               
                 ISAC218 
                 MitoTracker Orange 
                 C24H24Cl2N2O 
                 550 
                 575 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC219 
                 MitoTracker Red 
                 C39H36Cl5N3 
                 578 
                 598 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC220 
                 mOrange 
                   
                 548 
                 562 
                 Clontech 
                 1114839-60-9 
               
               
                 ISAC221 
                 mPlum 
                   
                 590 
                 649 
                 Clontech 
                 1399820-93-9 
               
               
                 ISAC222 
                 mRaspberry 
                   
                 597 
                 624 
                 Clontech 
                 1452799-41-5 
               
               
                 ISAC223 
                 mRFP1 
                   
                 584 
                 607 
                 Not Commercialized 
                 1452799-30-2 
               
               
                 ISAC224 
                 mStrawberry 
                   
                 574 
                 596 
                 Clontech 
                 1114834-99-9 
               
               
                 ISAC225 
                 Na-Green 
                 Sodium Green ™, 
                 506 
                 532 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 195244-55-4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 tetra(tetramethylammonium) salt; 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C84H100Cl4N8O19 
               
               
                 ISAC228 
                 Nile Red 
                 C20H18N2O2; 5H- 
                 559 
                 637 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 7385-67-3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Benzo[\u03B1]phenoxazin-5-one, 9- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (diethylamino)-/ 
               
               
                 ISAC230 
                 Oregon Green 
                   
                 491 
                 519 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 195136-58-4 
               
               
                 ISAC232 
                 Oregon Green 488-X, 
                   
                 500 
                 525 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 890416-18-9 
               
               
                   
                 succinimidyl ester 
               
               
                 ISAC233 
                 Oregon Green 514 
                 Oregon Green ® 514 carboxylic acid, 
                 510 
                 532 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 198139-53-6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 succinimidyl ester; C26H12F5NO9S 
               
               
                 ISAC235 
                 Pacific Blue 
                 PacBlue; Pacific Blue ™succinimidyl 
                 405 
                 455 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 215868-31-8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ester; C14H7F2NO7 
               
               
                 ISAC236 
                 Pacific Blue succinimidyl 
                   
                 405 
                 455 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 215868-33-0 
               
               
                   
                 ester 
               
               
                 ISAC237 
                 Pacific Orange 
                 PacOrange 
                 403 
                 551 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 1122414-42-9 
               
               
                 ISAC240 
                 PE-Alexa Fluor 610 
                 RPE-AF610 
                 563 
                 628 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC241 
                 PE-Alexa Fluor 647 
                 RPE-AF647 
                 567 
                 669 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC242 
                 PE-Alexa Fluor 680 
                 RPE-AF680 
                 570 
                 702 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC243 
                 PE-Alexa Fluor 700 
                 RPE-AF700 
                 563 
                 720 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC244 
                 PE-Alexa Fluor 750 
                 RPE-AF750 
                 570 
                 776 
                 AbD Serotec 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC245 
                 PE-CF594 
                 PE-Dazzle 594 
                 564 
                 612 
                 BDBioscences 
                 1613592-67-8 
               
               
                 ISAC72 
                 PE-Cy5 
                   
                 565 
                 667 
                 BDBioscences 
                 1448849-77-1 
               
               
                 ISAC248 
                 PE-Cy5.5 
                   
                 563 
                 695 
                 AbD Serotec 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC249 
                 PE-Cy7 
                   
                 563 
                 760 
                 AbD Serotec 
                 1429496-42-3 
               
               
                 ISAC250 
                 PE-DY590 
                   
                 563 
                 599 
                 LSBio 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC251 
                 PE-DY647 
                   
                 563 
                 672 
                 LSBio 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC252 
                 PerCP 
                   
                 490 
                 675 
                 AbD Serotec 
                 422551-33-5 
               
               
                 ISAC253 
                 PerCP-Cy5.5 
                   
                 488 
                 695 
                 AbD Serotec 
                 1474026-81-7 
               
               
                 ISAC254 
                 PerCP-eFluor 710 
                   
                 488 
                 710 
                 eBioscience 
                 1353683-31-4 
               
               
                 ISAC115 
                 PE-Texas Red 
                   
                 563 
                 613 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC256 
                 PE-Vio770 
                   
                 565 
                 775 
                 Miltenyl Biotech 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC257 
                 pHrodo 
                 pHrodo ™ Red, succinimidyl ester 
                 560 
                 586 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (pHrodo ™ Red, SE); pHrodo ™ Green 
               
               
                   
                   
                 STP Ester 
               
               
                 ISAC260 
                 pHrodo Green STP Ester 
                   
                 560 
                 586 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC258 
                 pHrodo Red, succinimidyl 
                   
                 560 
                 586 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                 ester 
               
               
                 ISAC261 
                 Phycocyanin 
                   
                 617 
                 646 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 11016-15-2 
               
               
                 ISAC262 
                 PicoGreen 
                 Quant-iT ™ PicoGreen ® dsDNA Reagent 
                 502 
                 522 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 177571-06-1 
               
               
                 ISAC264 
                 PKH2 
                 PKH2 Green Fluorescent Cell Linker 
                 490 
                 504 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 145687-07-6 
               
               
                 ISAC266 
                 PKH26 
                 PKH26 Red Fluorescent Cell Linker 
                 551 
                 567 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 154214-55-8 
               
               
                 ISAC268 
                 PKH67 
                 PKH67 Green Fluorescent Cell Linker 
                 490 
                 504 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 257277-27-3 
               
               
                 ISAC270 
                 POPO-1 
                 C41H54I4N6O2; Benzoxazolium, 2,2′- 
                 433 
                 457 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 169454-15-3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 [1,3-propanediylbis[(dimethyliminio)-3,1- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 propanediyl-1(4H)-pyridinyl-4- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ylidenemethylidyne]]bis[3-methyl]-, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 tetraiodide/ 
               
               
                 ISAC272 
                 PO-PRO-1 
                 C20H27I2N3O; Benzoxazolium, 3- 
                 435 
                 457 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 157199-56-9 
               
               
                   
                   
                 methyl-2-[[1-[3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (trimethylammonio)propyl]-4(1H)- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 pyridinylidene]methyl]-, diiodide/; 
               
               
                 ISAC274 
                 Propidium Iodide 
                 C27H34I2N4; Phenanthridinium, 3,8- 
                 350 
                 617 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 25535-16-4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 diamino-5-[3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (diethylmethylammonio)propyl]-6-phenyl-, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 diiodide 
               
               
                 ISAC276 
                 PURE 
                   
                 0 
                 0 
                 Not Commercialized 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC277 
                 Pyronin Y 
                   
                 547 
                 560 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 92-32-0 
               
               
                 ISAC278 
                 Qdot 525 
                   
                 350 
                 525 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 885332-45-6 
               
               
                 ISAC279 
                 Qdot 545 
                   
                 350 
                 545 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 948906-89-6 
               
               
                 ISAC280 
                 Qdot 565 
                   
                 350 
                 565 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 859509-02-7 
               
               
                 ISAC281 
                 Qdot 585 
                   
                 350 
                 585 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 885332-46-7 
               
               
                 ISAC282 
                 Qdot 605 
                   
                 350 
                 605 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 849813-89-4 
               
               
                 ISAC283 
                 Qdot 625 
                   
                 350 
                 625 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 1144512-19-5 
               
               
                 ISAC284 
                 Qdot 655 
                   
                 350 
                 655 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 674287-64-0 
               
               
                 ISAC285 
                 Qdot 705 
                   
                 350 
                 705 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 885332-47-8 
               
               
                 ISAC286 
                 Qdot 800 
                   
                 350 
                 800 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 885332-50-3 
               
               
                 ISAC287 
                 RD1 
                 R-Phycoerythrin 
                 563 
                 578 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 1376573-14-6 
               
               
                 ISAC295 
                 Rhodamine 
                   
                 550 
                 570 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC290 
                 Rho 110 
                 Rhodamine 110 
                 497 
                 520 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 13558-31-1 
               
               
                 ISAC293 
                 Rho 123 
                 Rhodamine 123 
                 507 
                 529 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 62669-70-9 
               
               
                 ISAC296 
                 Rhodamine Green 
                 Rhodamine Green ™carboxylic acid, 
                 505 
                 527 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 189200-71-3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 succinimidyl ester, hydrochloride; 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C25H18ClN3O7 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ISAC297 
                 Rhodamine Green carboxylic acid, succinimidyl ester, hydrochloride 
                 505 
                 527 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 254732-34-8 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ISAC298 
                 Rhodamine Red 
                   
                 573 
                 591 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 99752-92-8 
               
               
                 ISAC299 
                 Rhodamine Red-X 
                 Rhodamine Red ™-X, succinimidyl ester; 
                 570 
                 576 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 178623-12-6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C37H44N4O10S2 
               
               
                 ISAC300 
                 Rhodamine Red-X, 
                   
                 570 
                 576 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 178623-13-7 
               
               
                   
                 succinimidyl ester 
               
               
                 ISAC301 
                 RiboFlavin 
                   
                 266 
                 531 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 83-88-5 
               
               
                 ISAC239 
                 R-Phycoerythrin 
                 PE 
                 563 
                 578 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 11016-17-4 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ISAC303 
                 SNARF-1 carboxylic acid, acetate, succinimidyl ester 
                 549 
                 586 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ISAC302 
                 SNARF-1 pH 6 
                 SNARF ®-1 carboxylic acid, acetate, 
                 549 
                 586 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                   
                 succinimidyl ester; C33H24N2O9 
               
               
                 ISAC304 
                 SNARF-1 pH 9 
                   
                 576 
                 640 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC305 
                 Spectral Red 
                   
                 506 
                 665 
                 MyBiosource 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC306 
                 SureLight P1 
                   
                 545 
                 667 
                 Abcam (Columbia 
                 No names found 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Biosciences) 
               
               
                 ISAC307 
                 SureLight P3 
                   
                 614 
                 662 
                 Abcam 
                 1365659-06-8 
               
               
                 ISAC308 
                 SureLight PBXL-3 
                   
                 614 
                 662 
                 Abcam 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC309 
                 SYBR Green 
                   
                 498 
                 522 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 217087-73-5 
               
               
                 ISAC310 
                 SYTO 11 
                   
                 506 
                 526 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 173080-67-6 
               
               
                 ISAC311 
                 SYTO 13 
                   
                 488 
                 506 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 173080-69-8 
               
               
                 ISAC312 
                 SYTO 16 
                   
                 488 
                 520 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 173080-72-3 
               
               
                 ISAC313 
                 SYTO 17 
                   
                 618 
                 637 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 189233-66-7 
               
               
                 ISAC314 
                 SYTO 45 
                   
                 450 
                 486 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 335078-86-9 
               
               
                 ISAC315 
                 SYTO 59 
                   
                 622 
                 643 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 235422-34-1 
               
               
                 ISAC316 
                 SYTO 60 
                   
                 650 
                 681 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 335079-14-6 
               
               
                 ISAC317 
                 SYTO 61 
                   
                 618 
                 651 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 335079-15-7 
               
               
                 ISAC318 
                 SYTO 62 
                   
                 650 
                 681 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 286951-08-4 
               
               
                 ISAC319 
                 SYTO 82 
                   
                 540 
                 560 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 335079-10-2 
               
               
                 ISAC320 
                 SYTO 9 
                   
                 482 
                 500 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 208540-89-0 
               
               
                 ISAC321 
                 SYTOX AADvanced 
                   
                 546 
                 646 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC322 
                 SYTOX Blue 
                   
                 431 
                 480 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 396077-00-2 
               
               
                 ISAC323 
                 SYTOX Green 
                   
                 504 
                 523 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 194100-76-0 
               
               
                 ISAC324 
                 SYTOX Orange 
                   
                 547 
                 570 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 324767-53-5 
               
               
                 ISAC325 
                 SYTOX Red 
                   
                 640 
                 658 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 915152-67-9 
               
               
                 ISAC326 
                 tdTomato 
                   
                 554 
                 581 
                 Clontech 
                 1114838-94-6 
               
               
                 ISAC334 
                 Tetramethylrhodamine 
                 TMRho 
                 553 
                 581 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 70281-37-7 
               
               
                 ISAC329 
                 Texas Red 
                 Texas Red ®-X, succinimidyl ester; 
                 589 
                 615 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 82354-19-6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C41H44N4O10S2 
               
               
                 ISAC330 
                 Texas Red-X, succinimidyl 
                   
                 589 
                 615 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 216972-99-5 
               
               
                   
                 ester 
               
               
                 ISAC331 
                 Thiazole Orange 
                   
                 500 
                 530 
                 SigmaAldrich 
                 107091-89-4 
               
               
                 ISAC332 
                 ThiolTracker Violet 
                   
                 406 
                 526 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC335 
                 TO-PRO-1 
                 TO-PRO ®-1 iodide (515/531); 
                 509 
                 533 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 157199-59-2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C24H29I2N3S; Quinolinium, 4-[(3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 methyl-2(3H)- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 benzothiazolylidene)methyl]-1-[3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (trimethylammonio)propyl]-, diiodide/; 
               
               
                 ISAC338 
                 TO-PRO-3 
                 TO-PRO ®-3 iodide (642/661); 
                 642 
                 661 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 157199-63-8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C26H31I2N3S; Quinolinium, 4-[3-(3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 methyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolylidene)-1- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 propenyl]-1-[3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (trimethylammonio)propyl]-, diiodide/ 
               
               
                 ISAC341 
                 TOTO-1 
                 TOTO ®-1 iodide (514/533); 
                 509 
                 533 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 143413-84-7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C49H58I4N6S2; Quinolinium, 1-1′-[1,3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 propanediylbis[(dimethyliminio)-3,1- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 propanediyl]]bis[4-[(3-methyl-2(3H)- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 benzothiazolylidene)methyl]]-, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 tetraiodide/ 
               
               
                 ISAC344 
                 TOTO-3 
                 TOTO ®-3 iodide (642/660); 
                 642 
                 661 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 166196-17-4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C53H62I4N6S2 
               
               
                 ISAC346 
                 Tricolor 
                   
                 563 
                 670 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 478184-50-8 
               
               
                 ISAC347 
                 TRITC 
                 Tetramethylrhodamine; 
                 547 
                 572 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 745735-42-6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 tetramethylrhodamine-5-(and-6)- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 isothiocyanate; C25H21N3O3S; 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Xanthylium, 9-(2- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 carboxyisothiocyanatophenyl)-3,6- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 bis(dimethylamino)-, inner salt/ 
               
               
                 ISAC351 
                 TruRed 
                   
                 490 
                 695 
                 Not Commercialized 
                 396076-95-2 
               
               
                 ISAC352 
                 V19 
                   
                 397 
                 572 
                 Not Commercialized 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC353 
                 V450 
                   
                 405 
                 448 
                 BDBioscences 
                 1257844-82-8 
               
               
                 ISAC354 
                 V500 
                   
                 415 
                 500 
                 BDBioscences 
                 1333160-12-5 
               
               
                 ISAC355 
                 VioBlue 
                   
                 400 
                 452 
                 Miltenyl Biotech 
                 1431147-59-9 
               
               
                 ISAC356 
                 VioGreen 
                   
                 388 
                 520 
                 Miltenyl Biotech 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC357 
                 Vybrant DyeCycle Green 
                   
                 505 
                 535 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 1431152-50-9 
               
               
                 ISAC358 
                 Vybrant DyeCycle Orange 
                   
                 518 
                 563 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 1055990-89-0 
               
               
                 ISAC359 
                 Vybrant DyeCycle Ruby 
                   
                 637 
                 686 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 1345202-72-3 
               
               
                 ISAC360 
                 Vybrant DyeCycle Violet 
                   
                 370 
                 436 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 1015439-88-9 
               
               
                 ISAC361 
                 YFP 
                 Yellow Fluorescent Protein 
                 505 
                 530 
                 Clontech 
                 No names found 
               
               
                 ISAC363 
                 YO-PRO-1 
                 YO-PRO ®-1 iodide (491/509); 
                 491 
                 506 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 152068-09-2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C24H29I2N3O 
               
               
                 ISAC365 
                 YO-PRO-3 
                 YO-PRO ®-3 iodide (612/631); 
                 613 
                 629 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 157199-62-7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C26H31I2N3O; Quinolinium, 4-[3-(3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 methyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolylidene)-1- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 propenyl]-1-[3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (trimethylammonio)propyl]-, diiodide/ 
               
               
                 ISAC368 
                 YOYO-1 
                 YOYO ®-1 iodide (491/509); 
                 491 
                 509 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 143413-85-8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C49H58I4N6O2; 
               
               
                 ISAC370 
                 YOYO-3 
                 YOYO ®-3 iodide (612/631); 
                 613 
                 629 
                 LifeTechnologies 
                 156312-20-8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C53H62I4N6O2; Quinolinium, 1,1′-[1,3- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 propanediylbis[(dimethyliminio)-3,1- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 propanediyl]]bis[4-[3-(3-methyl-2(3H)- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 benzoxazolylidene)-1-propenyl]]-, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 tetraiodide/; 
               
               
                 ISAC373 
                 ZsGreen 
                   
                 494 
                 517 
                 Clontech 
                 1216871-88-3 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Commercially available beads including, but not limited to, those sold by Bangs Laboratories, Inc, Sperhotech Inc., Thermo Scientific, Inc. and equivalent suppliers) can be used in combination with the hydrogel particles described herein. Depending on the assay, it is within the ordinary skill in the art to select a bead with the proper bead diameter, fluorescent emission and/or excitation spectrum and/or fluorescent intensity. For example, a quality control bead used in conjunction with a blue, red or UV laser can be embedded into one or more hydrogel particles provided herein. For example, an Alignflow™ flow cytometry alignment bead for blue lasers (catalog no. A-16500 (2.5 μm), A-16503 (6.0 μm)), red lasers (catalog no. A-16501 (2.5 μm), A-16504 (6.0 μm)) or UV lasers (catalog no. A-16502 (2.5 μm), A-16505 (6.0 μm)) can be embedded in on or more of the hydrogel particles provided herein. 
     In one embodiment, a fluorescent bead that can be excited at any wavelength from 365 nm-650 nm is embedded in a hydrogel particle. In one embodiment, the bead is a “rainbow particle” that contains a mixture of fluorophores, for example 4 fluorophores, 5 fluorophores, 6 fluorophores, seven fluorophores or eight fluorophores. In this regard, the user selects which wavelength to excite the particle, depending on the fluorophore being interrogated. Rainbow particles are commercially available, for example, from BD Biosciences (catalog nos. 556298 (mid range FL1 fluorescence), 556286 (6 color, 3.0-3.4 μm), 556288 (6 color, 6.0-6.4 μm), 559123 (8 color)) and Spherotech in various diameters (e.g., catalog nos. RCP20-5 (4 color), RCP-30-5 (6 peaks), RCP-30-5A (8 peaks) 
     A cell sorting set-up bead can be embedded in one or more of the hydrogel particles provided herein. In one embodiment, a cell sorting set-up beads approximates the size, emission wavelength, and intensity of a biological sample, and can be used to calibrate a flow cytometer&#39;s cell sorting system, including laser source, optics, and stream flow. In one embodiment, a cell sorting set-up beads is embedded in one or more hydrogel particles and is amenable for use with a UV, blue, green/yellow or red laser. Where a green laser is used, in one embodiment, the embedded bead is excited at 570 nm with emission of 575 nm, but may also be exited at 488 nm. Commercially available cell sorting set-up beads are available, for example, from Life Technologies (catalog nos. C-16506 (UV laser), C-16508 (blue laser), C-16509 (green-yellow laser), C-16507 (red laser)). 
     A compensation control bead can also be embedded in one or more of the hydrogel particles provided herein. Accurate compensation is an important parameter for effective multicolor analysis inflow cytometry. However, cellular-based compensation controls are not completely effective as many antigens are not highly expressed, and dimly stained cells can lead to inaccurate compensation settings. 
     A compensation control bead, in one embodiment, includes a fluorescent antibody conjugate capture capacity (positive compensation bead) or is inert (negative compensation bead). The compensation bead is mixed with a fluorophore-conjugated human, mouse, rat, hamster, or rabbit antibody; the two components provide a distinct high-signal positive control with an appropriate negative population that can then be used to set compensation properly regardless of the intensity of the cells in the actual experiment. Once the antibody is mixed with the bead, it is embedded in one or more of the hydrogel particles provided herein. Commercially available compensation beads are available, for example, from Life Technologies (catalog nos. A-10344, A-10389, A10497, A10513) and Spherotech (catalog nos. CMIg-P-08-2K, CMIg-P-30-2K, CMIg-P-50-3K, CMIg-P-70-3K). 
     In one embodiment, a hydrogel particle with an embedded/encapsulated bead is used as a reference for a cellular assay, for example, a phagocytosis assay cytoxicity assay, motility assay, viability assay, etc. Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle to form an internal vesicle known as a phagosome. In this regard, a hydrogel particle can be tuned to have one or more optical properties substantially similar to a phagocyte, before and after the phagocyte engulfs a particle. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the hydrogel particles provided herein are used as control particles for a phagocytosis assay. In a further embodiment, (i) one or more of the optical properties of a hydrogel particle is substantially similar to a phagocyte prior to particle uptake and (ii) one or more of the optical properties of a second hydrogel particle is substantially similar to a phagocyte after to particle uptake. In this regard, a control is generated for measuring particle uptake by a phagocyte. 
     In one embodiment, the phagocyte is a professional phagocyte. In another embodiment, the phagocyte is a non-professional phagocyte (i.e., a cell that consumes dying cells and foreign organisms). In a further embodiment, the non-professional phagocyte is an epithelial cell, endothelial cell, fibroblast or mesenchymal cell. Hydrogel particles in one embodiment, are tuned to have one or more optical properties substantially similar to a professional phagocyte set forth in Table 3 below (prior to and/or after particle uptake). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Location 
                 Phagocyte type 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Blood 
                 Neutrophil, monocyte 
               
               
                 Bone marrow 
                 Macrophage, monocyte, sinusoidal cell, lining cell 
               
               
                 Bone tissue 
                 Osteoclast 
               
               
                 Gut and intestinal  Peyer’s patches 
                 Macrophage 
               
               
                 Connective tissue 
                 Histiocyte, macrophage, monocyte, dendritic cell 
               
               
                 Liver 
                 Kupffer cell, monocyte 
               
               
                 Lung 
                 Self-replicating macrophage, monocyte,  mast cell, dendritic cell 
               
               
                 Lymphoid tissue 
                 Free and fixed macrophages  and monocytes, dendritic cell 
               
               
                 Nervous tissue 
                 Microglial cell (CD4+) 
               
               
                 Spleen 
                 Free and fixed macrophages, monocytes,  sinusoidal cell 
               
               
                 Thymus 
                 Free and fixed macrophages, monocytes 
               
               
                 Skin 
                 Resident Langerhans cells, dendritic cells,  
               
               
                   
                 conventional macrophage, mast cell 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In one embodiment, a plurality of hydrogel particles of the invention, embedded with a substance such as nucleic acid or a bead is used as control reagents for a genomic cytometry assay. In this regard, a specific number of copies of a particular chromosome, RNA sequence and/or DNA sequence can be mimicked by the embedded substance. The hydrogel particle can then be used as a control for a sample being probed for genetic information, such as the number of copies of a chromosome, the number of copies of an RNA sequence and/or the number of copies of an RNA sequence. 
     The three primary modes of deconvolution for flow cytometry are the two passive optical properties of a particle (forward scattering, FSC, corresponding to the refractive index, or RI; and side scattering, SSC) and biomarkers present on the surface of a given cell type. Therefore, compositions that allow hydrogel particles of the disclosure to mimic specific cell types with respect to these three modes are useful for providing synthetic, robust calibrants for flow cytometry. 
     In one embodiment, the refractive index (RI) of a disclosed hydrogel particle is greater than about 1.10, greater than about 1.15, greater than about 1.20, greater than about 1.25, greater than about 1.30, greater than about 1.35, greater than about 1.40, greater than about 1.45, greater than about 1.50, greater than about 1.55, greater than about 1.60, greater than about 1.65, greater than about 1.70, greater than about 1.75, greater than about 1.80, greater than about 1.85, greater than about 1.90, greater than about 1.95, greater than about 2.00, greater than about 2.10, greater than about 2.20, greater than about 2.30, greater than about 2.40, greater than about 2.50, greater than about 2.60, greater than about 2.70, greater than about 2.80, or greater than about 2.90. 
     In another embodiment, the refractive index (RI) of a disclosed hydrogel particle is about 1.10 to about 3.0, or about 1.15 to about 3.0, or about 1.20 to about 3.0, or about 1.25 to about 3.0, or about 1.30 to about 3.0, or about 1.35 to about 3.0, or about 1.4 to about 3.0, or about 1.45 to about 3.0, or about 1.50 to about 3.0, or about 1.6 to about 3.0, or about 1.7 to about 3.0, or about 1.8 to about 3.0, or about 1.9 to about 3.0, or about 2.0 to about 3.0. 
     In some embodiments, the refractive index (RI) of a disclosed hydrogel particle is less than about 1.10, less than about 1.15, less than about 1.20, less than about 1.25, less than about 1.30, less than about 1.35, less than about 1.40, less than about 1.45, less than about 1.50, less than about 1.55, less than about 1.60, less than about 1.65, less than about 1.70, less than about 1.75, less than about 1.80, less than about 1.85, less than about 1.90, less than about 1.95, less than about 2.00, less than about 2.10, less than about 2.20, less than about 2.30, less than about 2.40, less than about 2.50, less than about 2.60, less than about 2.70, less than about 2.80, or less than about 2.90. 
     The SSC of a disclosed hydrogel particle is most meaningfully measured in comparison to that of target cell. In some embodiments, a disclosed hydrogel particle has an SSC within 30%, within 25%, within 20%, within 15%, within 10%, within 5%, or within 1% that of a target cell, as measured by a cytometric device. 
     The SSC of a hydrogel particle in one embodiment, is modulated by incorporating a high-refractive index molecule (or plurality thereof) in the hydrogel. In one embodiment, a high-refractive index molecule is provided in a hydrogel particle, and in a further embodiment, the high-refractive index molecule is colloidal silica, alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate or a combination thereof. Thus in some embodiments, a hydrogel particle of the disclosure comprises alkyl acrylate and/or alkyl methacrylate. Concentration of monomer in one embodiment is adjusted to further adjust the refractive index of the hydrogel particle. 
     Alkyl acrylates or Alkyl methacrylates can contain 1 to 18, 1 to 8, or 2 to 8, carbon atoms in the alkyl group, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tertbutyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl or octyl groups. The alkyl group may be branched or linear. 
     High-refractive index molecules can also include vinylarenes such as styrene and methylstyrene, optionally substituted on the aromatic ring with an alkyl group, such as methyl, ethyl or tert-butyl, or with a halogen, such as chlorostyrene. 
     In some embodiments, FSC is modulated by adjusting the percentage of monomer present in the composition thereby altering the water content present during hydrogel formation. In one embodiment, where a monomer and co-monomer are employed, the ratio of monomer and co-monomer is adjusted to change the hydrogel particle&#39;s forward scatter properties. This is shown in both  FIG.  11    and  FIG.  12   . 
     The FSC of a disclosed hydrogel particle is most meaningfully measured in comparison to that of target cell. In some embodiments, a disclosed hydrogel particle has an FSC within 30%, within 25%, within 20%, within 15%, within 10%, within 5%, or within 1% that of a target cell, as measured by a cytometric device. 
     FSC is related to particle volume, and thus can be modulated by altering particle diameter, as described herein. Generally, it has been observed that large objects refract more light than smaller objects leading to high forward scatter signals (and vice versa). Accordingly, particle diameter in one embodiment is altered to modulate FSC properties of a hydrogel particle. For example, hydrogel particle diameter is increased in one embodiment is altered by harnessing larger microfluidic channels during particle formation. 
     SSC can be engineered by encapsulating nanoparticles within hydrogels to mimic organelles in a target cell. In some embodiments, a hydrogel particle of the disclosure comprises one or more types of nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of: polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanoparticles, polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles. See also  FIGS.  11  and  12    which show that addition of various concentrations of nanoparticles allow for the adjustment of side scatter of a particle. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the ability to selectively tune both forward and side scatter of a hydrogel, as described herein, allows for a robust platform to mimic a vast array of cell types. 
     Although the invention is mainly described with respect to the modification of optical properties, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, hydrogel particles can be fabricated and adjusted to tune the capacitance of the particles, e.g., to calibrate coulter counters. In one embodiment, a hydrogel particle&#39;s capacitance is adjusted by altering the amount of hydrogel monomer in the composition. For example, polyanaline, polyacetylene; polyphenylene vinylene; polypyrrole (X=NH) and polythiophene (X=S) co-monomers; and polyaniline (X=NH/N) and polyphenylene sulfide (X=S) co-monomer concentrations can all be adjusted to alter capacitance. In one embodiment, the concentration of one or more of these monomers is increased to increase the capacitance of the hydrogel particle. 
     In some embodiments, a hydrogel particle of the disclosure has material modulus properties (e.g., elasticity) more closely resembling that of a target cell as compared to a polystyrene bead of the same diameter. 
     After the hydrogel particle is formed, one or more of the particle&#39;s surfaces can be functionalized, for example, to mimic one or more optical properties of a target cell or a labeled target cell. The functionalized hydrogel particle can also include an embedded bead or substance such as a biomolecule, as described above. In one embodiment, one or more hydrogel particles are functionalized with one or more fluorescent dyes, one or more cell surface markers (or epitope binding regions thereof), or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the hydrogel particle is formed by polymerizing at least one bifunctional monomer and after formation, the hydrogel particle includes one or more functional groups that can be used for further attachment of a cell surface marker, an epitope binding region of a cell surface marker, a fluorescent dye, or combination thereof. The free functional group, in one embodiment, is an amine group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group or a combination thereof. Depending on the functionalization desired, it is to be understood that multiple bifunctional monomers can be used, for example, to functionalize the particle using different chemistries and with different molecules. 
     A hydrogel particle can be functionalized with any fluorescent dye known in the art, including fluorescent dyes listed in The MolecularProbes® Handbook-A Guide to Fluorescent Probes and Labeling Technologies, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Functionalization can be mediated by a compound comprising a free amine group, e.g. allylamine, which can be incorporated into a bifunctional monomer used to form the hydrogel, as discussed above. 
     Non-limiting examples of known fluorescent dyes that can be used to functionalize the surface of a hydrogel particle described herein include: 6-carboxy-4′,5′-dichloro-2′,7′-dimethoxyfluorescein succinimidylester; 5-(and-6)-carboxyeosin; 5-carboxyfluorescein; 6 carboxyfluorescein; 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein; S-carboxyfluorescein-bis-(5-carboxymethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)ether,-alanine-carboxamide, or succinimidyl ester; 5-carboxyfluoresceinsuccinimidyl ester; 6-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinyl) amino fluorescein; 2 ‘, 7’-difluoro fluorescein; eosin-5-isothiocyanate; erythrosin5-isothiocyanate; 6-(fluorescein-5-carboxamido) hexanoic acid or succinimidyl ester; 6-(fluorescein-5-(and-6)-carboxamido)hexanoic acid or succinimidylester; fluorescein-S-EX succinimidyl ester; fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; fluorescein-6-isothiocyanate; OregonGreen® 488 carboxylic acid, or succinimidyl ester; Oregon Green® 488 isothiocyanate; Oregon Green® 488-X succinimidyl ester; Oregon Green® 500 carboxylic acid; Oregon Green® 500 carboxylic acid, succinimidylester or triethylammonium salt; Oregon Green® 514 carboxylic acid; Oregon Green® 514 carboxylic acid or succinimidyl ester; RhodamineGreen™ carboxylic acid, succinimidyl ester or hydrochloride; Rhodamine Green™ carboxylic acid, trifluoroacetamide or succinimidylester; Rhodamine Green™-X succinimidyl ester or hydrochloride; RhodolGreen™ carboxylic acid, N,O-bis-(trifluoroacetyl) or succinimidylester; bis-(4-carboxypiperidinyl) sulfonerhodamine or di(succinimidylester); 5-(and-6)carboxynaphtho fluorescein, 5-(and-6)carboxynaphthofluorescein succinimidyl ester; 5-carboxyrhodamine 6G hydrochloride; 6-carboxyrhodamine6Ghydrochloride, 5-carboxyrhodamine 6G succinimidyl ester; 6-carboxyrhodamine 6G succinimidyl ester; 5-(and-6)-carboxyrhodamine6G succinimidyl ester; 5-carboxy-2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromosulfonefluorescein succinimidyl esteror bis-(diisopropylethylammonium) salt; 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine; 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine; 5-(and-6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine; 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester; 6-carboxytetramethylrhodaminesuccinimidyl ester; 5-(and-6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester; 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine; 5-carboxy-X-rhodamine succinimidyl ester; 6-carboxy-Xrhodamine succinimidyl ester; 5-(and-6)-carboxy-Xrhodaminesuccinimidyl ester; 5-carboxy-X-rhodamine triethylammonium salt; Lissamine™ rhodamine B sulfonyl chloride; malachite green; isothiocyanate; NANOGOLD® mono(sulfosuccinimidyl ester); QSY® 21 carboxylic acid or succinimidyl ester; QSY® 7 carboxylic acid or succinimidyl ester; Rhodamine Red™-X succinimidyl ester; 6-(tetramethylrhodamine-5-(and-6)-carboxamido) hexanoic acid; succinimidyl ester; tetramethylrhodamine-5-isothiocyanate; tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate; tetramethylrhodamine-5-(and-6)-isothiocyanate; Texas Red® sulfonyl; Texas Red® sulfonyl chloride; Texas Red®-X STP ester or sodium salt; Texas Red®-X succinimidyl ester; Texas Red®-X succinimidyl ester; and X-rhodamine-5-(and-6) isothiocyanate. 
     Other examples of fluorescent dyes for use with the hydrogel particles described herein include, but are not limited to, BODIPY® dyes commercially available from Invitrogen, including, but not limited to BODIPY® FL; BODIPY® TMR STP ester; BODIPY® TR-X STP ester; BODIPY® 630/650-X STPester; BODIPY® 650/665-X STP ester; 6-dibromo-4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionic acid succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3,5-dipropionic acid; 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-pentanoicacid; 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-pentanoicacid succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimefhyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3propionicacid; 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4adiaza-s-indacene-3-propionicacid succinimidyl ester; 4,4difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3propionic acid; sulfosuccinimidyl ester or sodium salt; 6-((4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3propionyl)amino) hexanoic acid; 6-((4,4-difluoro-5,7 dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl)amino) hexanoic acid or succinimidyl ester; N-(4,4-difluoro 5,7-dimethyl-4-bona-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl) cysteic acid, succinimidyl ester or triethylammonium salt; 6-4,4-difluoro-1,3-dimethyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-bora3a,4a4,4-difluoro-5,7-diphenyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene-3-propionicacid; 4,4-difluoro-5,7-diphenyl-4-bora3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionic acid succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5-phenyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionic acid; succinimidyl ester; 6-((4,4-difluoro-5-phenyl-4 bona-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl)amino) hexanoicacid or succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionicacid succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5-(2-pyrrolyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionic acid succinimidyl ester; 6-(((4,4-difluoro-5-(2-pyrrolyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-yl)styryloxy)acetyl)aminohexanoicacid or succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5-styryl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionic acid; 4,4-difluoro-5-styryl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene-3-propionic acid; succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4adiaza-s-indacene-8-propionicacid; 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene-8-propionicacid succinimidyl ester; 4,4-difluoro-5-(2-thienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene-3-propionicacid succinimidyl ester; 6-(((4-(4,4-difluoro-5-(2-thienyl)-4-bora-3a,4adiazas-indacene-3-yl)phenoxy)acetyl)amino)hexanoic acid or succinimidyl ester; and 6-(((4,4-difluoro-5-(2-thienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-yl)styryloxy)acetyl) aminohexanoic acid or succinimidyl ester. 
     Fluorescent dyes for derivatization of the surface of one or more hydrogel particles in one embodiment, include, but are not limited to, Alexa fluor dyes commercially available from Invitrogen, including but not limited to Alexa Fluor® 350 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 430 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 488 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 532 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 546 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 555 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 568 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 594 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 633 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 64 7 carboxylic acid; Alexa Fluor® 660 carboxylic acid; and Alexa Fluor® 680 carboxylic acid. In another embodiment, fluorescent dyes for use with the hydrogel particles and methods described herein include cyanine dyes commercially available from Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech, including, but not limited to Cy3 NHS ester; Cy 5 NHS ester; Cy5.5 NHSester; and Cy7 NHS ester. 
     It is within the ordinary skill in the art to select a suitable dye or dyes based on the desired spectral excitation and emission properties of the hydrogel particle. 
     Hydrogel particles, in one embodiment, are functionalized with one or more cell surface markers (see, e.g., Tables 4 and 7-8), or fragments thereof, for example, extracellular portions thereof in the case of transmembrane proteins, for example, by attaching the one or more cell surface markers, extracellular portions or ligand binding regions thereof to the particle via a free amine, free carboxyl and/or free hydroxyl group present on the surface of the hydrogel particle. Functionalization of a hydrogel particle with a dye or cell surface molecule can also occur through a linker, for example a streptavidin/biotin conjugate. 
     Depending on the target cell, individual hydrogel particles can be derivatized with one or more cell surface markers, or fragments thereof, for example, extracellular portions thereof in the case of transmembrane proteins to further mimic the structural properties of the target cell. Tables 4 and 7-8, provided below, sets forth a non-limiting list of cell surface markers that can be used to derivative hydrogel particles, depending on the target cell. Although the cell surface marker is provided, it is understood that a portion of the cell surface marker, for example, a receptor binding portion, a ligand binding portion, or an extracellular portion of the marker can be used to derivative the hydrogel particle (at the free functional group, as described above). See also  FIGS.  11  and  12    which show that hydrogel surface modification with for example, a cell surface receptor, together with the selective tuning of FSC and/or SSC, allows for the fabrication of a hydrogel particle with the desired feature(s). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  Target Cell 
                 Cell Surface  Marker(s) (human) 
                 Cell Surface  Marker(s) (mouse) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 B Cell 
                 CD19, CD20 
                 CD19, CD22 (B cell  activation marker), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 CD45R/B220 
               
               
                 T Cell 
                 CD3, CD4, CD8 
                 CD3, CD4, CD8 
               
               
                 Activated T Cells 
                 CD25, CD69 
                 CD25, CD69 
               
               
                 Dendritic Cell 
                 CD1c, CD83, CD123,  CD141, CD209, 
                 CD11c, CD123, MHC II 
               
               
                   
                 MHC II 
                   
               
               
                 Plasmacytoid 
                 CD123, CD303, CD304 
                 CD11c int , CD317 
               
               
                 Dendritic Cells* 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Platelet (resting) 
                 CD42b 
                 CD41 
               
               
                 Platelet (activated) 
                 CD62P 
                 CD62P 
               
               
                 Natural Killer Cells 
                 CD16, CD56 
                 CD49b (clone DX5) 
               
               
                 Hematopoietic  
                 CD34, CD90 
                 CD48, CD117,  
               
               
                 Stem Cell 
                   
                 CD150, Sca-1 
               
               
                 Macrophage 
                 CD11b, CD68, CD163 
                 F4/80, CD68 
               
               
                 Monocyte 
                 CD14, CD16, CD64 
                 CD11b, CD115, Ly-6C 
               
               
                 Plasma Cell 
                 CD138 
                 CD138 
               
               
                 Red Blood Cell 
                 CD235a 
                 TER-119 
               
               
                 Neutrophil 
                 CD15, CD16 
                 CD11b, Ly-6B.2,  Ly6G, Gr-1 
               
               
                 Basophil 
                 2D7 antigen, CD123,  CD203c, FcεRla 
                 CD200R3, FcεRla 
               
               
                 Eosinophil 
                 CD11b, CD193,  EMR1, Siglec-8 
                 CD11b, CD193,  F4/80, Siglec-F 
               
               
                 Granulocyte 
                 CD66b 
                 CD66b, Gr-1/Ly6G, Ly6C 
               
               
                 Endothelial cell 
                 CD146 
                 CD146 MECA-32,  CD106, CD31, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 CD62E (activated  endothelial cell) 
               
               
                 Epithelial cell 
                 CD326 
                 CD326 (EPCAM1) 
               
               
                 Natural Killer  (NK) cell 
                 CD56 
                 CD335 (NKp46) 
               
               
                 Myeloid derived 
                 CD11b, CD14,  
                 CD11b, GR1 
               
               
                 suppressor cell 
                 CD33 (Siglec-3) 
                   
               
               
                 (MDSC) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Cell types including but not limited to various cell lines such as CHO, HEK-293, BHK-21, NS0, MDCK, VERO, MRC-S, W1-38 and Sp2/0 Mouse Myeloma (hybridomas). Table 5 and Table 6 each provides other cell types for use with the hydrogel particles described herein. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 keratinocyte of epidermis 
               
               
                 basal cell of epidermis 
               
               
                 keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails 
               
               
                 basal cell of nail bed 
               
               
                 hair shaft cells 
               
               
                 medullary hair shaft cells 
               
               
                 cortical hair shaft cells 
               
               
                 cuticular hair shaft cells 
               
               
                 hair-root sheath cells 
               
               
                 cuticular hair-root sheath cells 
               
               
                 hair-root sheath cells of Huxley&#39;s layer 
               
               
                 hair-root sheath cells of Henle&#39;s layer 
               
               
                 external hair-root sheath cells 
               
               
                 hair matrix cell (stem cell) 
               
               
                 surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of tongue 
               
               
                 surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of oral cavity 
               
               
                 surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of esophagus 
               
               
                 surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of anal canal 
               
               
                 surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of distal urethra 
               
               
                 surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of vagina 
               
               
                 basal cell of these epithelia 
               
               
                 cell of urinary epithelium 
               
               
                 cells of salivary gland 
               
               
                 Mucous cells of salivary gland 
               
               
                 Serous cell of salivary gland 
               
               
                 cell of von Ebner&#39;s gland in tongue 
               
               
                 cell of mammary gland 
               
               
                 cell of lacrimal gland 
               
               
                 cell of ceruminous gland of ear 
               
               
                 cell of eccrine sweat gland 
               
               
                 cell of eccrine sweat gland 
               
               
                 cell of apocrine sweat gland 
               
               
                 cell of gland of Moll in eyelid 
               
               
                 cell of sebaceous gland 
               
               
                 cell of Bowman&#39;s gland in nose 
               
               
                 cell of Brunner&#39;s gland in duodenum 
               
               
                 cell of seminal vesicle 
               
               
                 cell of prostate gland 
               
               
                 cell of bulbourethral gland 
               
               
                 cell of Bartholin&#39;s gland 
               
               
                 cell of gland of Littre 
               
               
                 cell of endometrium of uterus 
               
               
                 isolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts 
               
               
                 mucous cell of lining of stomach 
               
               
                 zymogenic cell of gastric gland 
               
               
                 oxyntic cell of gastric gland 
               
               
                 acinar cell of pancreas 
               
               
                 Paneth cell of small intestine 
               
               
                 type II pneumocyte of lung 
               
               
                 Clara cell of lung 
               
               
                 cells of anterior pituitary 
               
               
                 cell of intermediate pituitary 
               
               
                 cells of posterior pitutiary 
               
               
                 cells of gut and respiratory tract 
               
               
                 cells of thyroid gland 
               
               
                 cells of parathyroid gland 
               
               
                 cells of adrenal gland 
               
               
                 steroid hormones 
               
               
                 cells of gonads 
               
               
                 cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus of kidney 
               
               
                 juxtaglomerular cell 
               
               
                 macula 
               
               
                 densa cell 
               
               
                 peripolar cell 
               
               
                 mesangial cell 
               
               
                 brush border cell of intestine 
               
               
                 striated duct cell of exocrine glands 
               
               
                 gall bladder epithelial cell 
               
               
                 brush border cell of proximal tubule of kidney 
               
               
                 distal tubule cell of kidney 
               
               
                 nonciliated cell of ductulus efferens 
               
               
                 epididymal principal cell 
               
               
                 epididymal basal cell 
               
               
                 hepatocyte 
               
               
                 white fat cell 
               
               
                 brown fat cell 
               
               
                 lipocyte of liver 
               
               
                 type I pneumocyte 
               
               
                 pancreatic duct cell 
               
               
                 parietal cell of kidney glomerulus 
               
               
                 podocyte of kidney glomerulus 
               
               
                 cell of thin segment of loop of Henle 
               
               
                 collecting duct cell (in kidney) 
               
               
                 duct cell of seminal vesicle 
               
               
                 duct cell of prostate gland 
               
               
                 vascular endothelial cells of blood vessels and lymphatics 
               
               
                 fenestrated vascular endothelial cells 
               
               
                 continuous vascular endothelial cells 
               
               
                 splenic vascular endothelial cells 
               
               
                 synovial cell 
               
               
                 serosal cell 
               
               
                 squamous cell lining perilymphatic space of ear 
               
               
                 cells lining endolymphatic space of ear 
               
               
                 squamous cell 
               
               
                 columnar cells of endolymphatic sac 
               
               
                 “dark” cell 
               
               
                 vestibular membrane cell 
               
               
                 stria vascularis basal cell 
               
               
                 stria vascularis marginal cell 
               
               
                 cell of Claudius 
               
               
                 cell of Boettcher 
               
               
                 choroid plexus cell 
               
               
                 squamous cell of pia-arachnoid 
               
               
                 cells of ciliary epithelium of eye 
               
               
                 corneal “endothelial” cell 
               
               
                 Ciliated Cells of respiratory tract 
               
               
                 Ciliated Cells of oviduct and of endometrium of uterus 
               
               
                 Ciliated Cells of rete testis and ductulus efferens 
               
               
                 Ciliated Cells of central nervous system 
               
               
                 epithelial 
               
               
                 ameloblast 
               
               
                 nonepithelial 
               
               
                 chondrocytes 
               
               
                 osteoblast/osteocyte 
               
               
                 osteoprogenitor cell 
               
               
                 hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye 
               
               
                 stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear 
               
               
                 skeletal muscle cells 
               
               
                 heart muscle cells 
               
               
                 smooth muscle cells (various) 
               
               
                 myoepithelial cells 
               
               
                 red blood cell 
               
               
                 megakaryocyte 
               
               
                 macrophages and related cells 
               
               
                 neutrophil 
               
               
                 eosinophil 
               
               
                 basophil 
               
               
                 mast cell 
               
               
                 T lymphocyte 
               
               
                 B lymphocyte 
               
               
                 photoreceptors (rods, cones, and can be blue sensitive,  green sensitive, red sensitive) 
               
               
                 inner hair cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 outer hair cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 type I hair cell of vestibular apparatus of ear 
               
               
                 type II hair cell of vestibular apparatus of ear 
               
               
                 type II taste bud cell 
               
               
                 olfactory neuron 
               
               
                 basal cell of olfactory epithelium 
               
               
                 carotid body cell type I 
               
               
                 carotid body cell type II 
               
               
                 Merkel cell of epidermis 
               
               
                 primary sensory neurons specialized for touch (various) 
               
               
                 primary sensory neurons specialized for temperature-cold sensitive 
               
               
                 primary sensory neurons specialized for temperature-heat sensitive 
               
               
                 primary sensory neurons specialized for pain (various) 
               
               
                 proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various) 
               
               
                 Autonomic Neurons 
               
               
                 inner pillar cell 
               
               
                 outer pillar cell 
               
               
                 inner phalangeal cell 
               
               
                 outer phalangeal cell 
               
               
                 border cell 
               
               
                 Hensen cell 
               
               
                 supporting cell of vestibular apparatus 
               
               
                 supporting cell of taste bud (type I taste bud cell) 
               
               
                 supporting cell of olfactory epithelium 
               
               
                 Schwann cell 
               
               
                 satellite cell (encapsulating peripheral nerve cell bodies) 
               
               
                 enteric glial cell 
               
               
                 neurons 
               
               
                 glial cells 
               
               
                 anterior lens epithelial cell 
               
               
                 lens fiber (crystallin-containing cell) 
               
               
                 melanocyte 
               
               
                 retinal pigmented epithelial cell 
               
               
                 oogonium/oocyte 
               
               
                 spermatocyte 
               
               
                 spermatogonium (stem cell for spermatocyte) 
               
               
                 ovarian follicle cell 
               
               
                 Sertoli cell (in testis) 
               
               
                 thymus epithelial cell 
               
               
                 Salivary gland mucous cell 
               
               
                 Salivary gland number 1 
               
               
                 Von Ebner&#39;s gland cell in tongue 
               
               
                 Mammary gland cell 
               
               
                 Lacrimal gland cell 
               
               
                 Ceruminous gland cell in ear 
               
               
                 Eccrine sweat gland dark cell 
               
               
                 Eccrine sweat gland clear cell 
               
               
                 Apocrine sweat gland cell 
               
               
                 Gland of Moll cell in eyelid 
               
               
                 Sebaceous gland cell 
               
               
                 Bowman&#39;s gland cell in nose 
               
               
                 Brunner&#39;s gland cell in duodenum 
               
               
                 Seminal vesicle cell 
               
               
                 Prostate gland cell 
               
               
                 Bulbourethral gland cell 
               
               
                 Bartholin&#39;s gland cell 
               
               
                 Gland of Littre cell 
               
               
                 Uterus endometrium cell 
               
               
                 goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts 
               
               
                 Stomach lining mucous cell 
               
               
                 Gastric gland zymogenic cell 
               
               
                 Gastric gland oxyntic cell 
               
               
                 Pancreatic acinar cell 
               
               
                 Paneth cell of small intestine 
               
               
                 pneumocyte of lung 
               
               
                 Clara cell of lung 
               
               
                 anterior pituitary cells 
               
               
                 Somatotropes 
               
               
                 Lactotropes 
               
               
                 Thyrotropes 
               
               
                 Gonadotropes 
               
               
                 Corticotropes 
               
               
                 melanocyte-stimulating hormone 
               
               
                 Magnocellular neurosecretory cells secreting: 
               
               
                 Gut and respiratory tract cells secreteing: 
               
               
                 Thyroid gland cells 
               
               
                 thyroid epithelial cell 
               
               
                 parafollicular cell 
               
               
                 Parathyroid gland cells 
               
               
                 Parathyroid chief cell 
               
               
                 Oxyphil cell 
               
               
                 Adrenal gland cells 
               
               
                 chromaffin cells 
               
               
                 secreting steroid hormones (mineralcorticoids and gluco corticoids) 
               
               
                 Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone 
               
               
                 Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen 
               
               
                 Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone 
               
               
                 Granulosa lutein cells 
               
               
                 Theca lutein cells 
               
               
                 Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion) 
               
               
                 Macula densa cell of kidney 
               
               
                 Peripolar cell of kidney 
               
               
                 Mesangial cell of kidney 
               
               
                 epidermal keratinocyte 
               
               
                 Epidermal basal cell 
               
               
                 Keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails 
               
               
                 Nail bed basal cell (stem cell) 
               
               
                 Medullary hair shaft cell 
               
               
                 Cortical hair shaft cell 
               
               
                 Cuticular hair shaft cell 
               
               
                 Cuticular hair root sheath cell 
               
               
                 Hair root sheath cell of Huxley&#39;s layer 
               
               
                 Hair root sheath cell of Henle&#39;s layer 
               
               
                 External hair root sheath cell 
               
               
                 Hair matrix cell (stem cell) 
               
               
                 epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, 
               
               
                 epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of tongue 
               
               
                 epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of oral cavity 
               
               
                 epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of esophagus 
               
               
                 epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of anal canal 
               
               
                 epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of distalurethra 
               
               
                 epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of vagina 
               
               
                 basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of cornea 
               
               
                 basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of tongue 
               
               
                 basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of oral cavity 
               
               
                 basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of esophagus 
               
               
                 basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of anal canal 
               
               
                 basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of distal urethra 
               
               
                 basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of vagina 
               
               
                 Urinary epithelium cell 
               
               
                 Auditory inner hair cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Auditory outer hair cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 basal cell of olfactory epithelium 
               
               
                 Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons 
               
               
                 Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons 
               
               
                 Merkel cell of epidermis (touch sensor) 
               
               
                 Olfactory receptor neuron 
               
               
                 Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types) 
               
               
                 Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye: 
               
               
                 Photoreceptor rod cells 
               
               
                 Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cell of eye 
               
               
                 Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cell of eye 
               
               
                 Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cell of eye 
               
               
                 Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons 
               
               
                 Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons 
               
               
                 Type I carotid body cell 
               
               
                 Type II carotid body cell 
               
               
                 Type I hair cell of vestibular system of ear 
               
               
                 Type II hair cell of vestibular system of ear 
               
               
                 Type I taste bud cell 
               
               
                 Cholinergic neural cell 
               
               
                 Adrenergic neural cell 
               
               
                 Peptidergic neural cell 
               
               
                 Inner pillar cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Outer pillar cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Inner phalangeal cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Outer phalangeal cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Border cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Hensen cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Vestibular apparatus supporting cell 
               
               
                 Taste bud supporting cell 
               
               
                 Olfactory epithelium supporting cell 
               
               
                 Schwann cell 
               
               
                 Satellite glial cell 
               
               
                 Enteric glial cell 
               
               
                 Astrocyte 
               
               
                 Neuron cells 
               
               
                 Oligodendrocyte 
               
               
                 Spindle neuron 
               
               
                 Anterior lens epithelial cell 
               
               
                 Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell 
               
               
                 Hepatocyte 
               
               
                 Adipocytes (white fat cell, brown fat cell, liver lipocyte) 
               
               
                 Kidney parietal cell 
               
               
                 Kidney glomerulus podocyte 
               
               
                 Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell 
               
               
                 Loop of Henle thin segment cell 
               
               
                 Kidney distal tubule cell 
               
               
                 Kidney collecting duct cell 
               
               
                 Type I pneumocyte 
               
               
                 Pancreatic duct cell 
               
               
                 Nonstriated duct cell 
               
               
                 principal cell 
               
               
                 Intercalated cell 
               
               
                 Duct cell 
               
               
                 Intestinal brush border cell 
               
               
                 Exocrine gland striated duct cell 
               
               
                 Gall bladder epithelial cell 
               
               
                 Ductulus efferens nonciliated cell 
               
               
                 Epididymal principal cell 
               
               
                 Epididymal basal cell 
               
               
                 Ameloblast epithelial cell 
               
               
                 Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular system of ear 
               
               
                 Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell 
               
               
                 Loose connective tissue fibroblasts 
               
               
                 Corneal fibroblasts (corneal keratocytes) 
               
               
                 Tendon fibroblasts 
               
               
                 Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts 
               
               
                 nonepithelial fibroblasts 
               
               
                 Pericyte 
               
               
                 Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc 
               
               
                 Cementoblast/cementocyte 
               
               
                 Odontoblast/odontocyte 
               
               
                 Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte 
               
               
                 Fibrocartilage chondrocyte 
               
               
                 Elastic cartilage chondrocyte 
               
               
                 Osteoblast/osteocyte 
               
               
                 Osteoprogenitor cell 
               
               
                 Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye 
               
               
                 Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear 
               
               
                 Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell) 
               
               
                 Pancreatic stelle cell 
               
               
                 skeletal muscle Cell 
               
               
                 Red skeletal muscle cell (slow) 
               
               
                 White skeletal muscle cell (fast) 
               
               
                 Intermediate skeletal muscle cell 
               
               
                 nuclear bag cell of muscle spindle 
               
               
                 nuclear chain cell of muscle spindle 
               
               
                 Satellite cell (stem cell) 
               
               
                 Heart muscle cells 
               
               
                 Ordinary heart muscle cell 
               
               
                 Nodal heart muscle cell 
               
               
                 Purkinje fiber cell 
               
               
                 Smooth muscle cell 
               
               
                 Myoepithelial cell of iris 
               
               
                 Myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands 
               
               
                 Erythrocyte 
               
               
                 Megakaryocyte 
               
               
                 Monocyte 
               
               
                 Connective tissue macrophage 
               
               
                 Epidermal Langerhans cell 
               
               
                 Osteoclast (in bone) 
               
               
                 Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues) 
               
               
                 Microglial cell (in central nervous system) 
               
               
                 Neutrophil granulocyte 
               
               
                 Eosinophil granulocyte 
               
               
                 Basophil granulocyte 
               
               
                 Hybridoma cell 
               
               
                 Mast cell 
               
               
                 Helper T cell 
               
               
                 Suppressor T cell 
               
               
                 Cytotoxic T cell 
               
               
                 Natural Killer T cell 
               
               
                 Bcell 
               
               
                 Natural killer cell 
               
               
                 Reticulocyte 
               
               
                 Stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood  and immune system (various types) 
               
               
                 Oogonium/Oocyte 
               
               
                 Spermatid 
               
               
                 Spermatocyte 
               
               
                 Spermatogonium cell 
               
               
                 Spermatozoon 
               
               
                 Ovarian follicle cell 
               
               
                 Sertoli cell (in testis) 
               
               
                 Thymus epithelial cell 
               
               
                 Interstitial kidney cells 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Keratinizing Epithelial Cells 
               
               
                 keratinocyte of epidermis (=differentiating epidermal cell) 
               
               
                 basal cell of epidermis (stem cell) 
               
               
                 keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails 
               
               
                 basal cell of nail bed (stem cell) 
               
               
                 hair shaft cells 
               
               
                 medullary 
               
               
                 cortical 
               
               
                 cuticular 
               
               
                 hair-root sheath cells 
               
               
                 Cuticular root sheath cells 
               
               
                 root sheath cells of Huxley&#39;s layer 
               
               
                 root sheath cells of Henle&#39;s layer 
               
               
                 external root sheath cells 
               
               
                 hair matrix cell (stem cell) 
               
               
                 Cells of Wet Stratified Barrier Epithelia 
               
               
                 surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, 
               
               
                 tongue, oral 
               
               
                 cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra, vagina 
               
               
                 basal cell of these epithelia (stem cell) 
               
               
                 cell of urinary epithelium (lining bladder and urinary ducts) 
               
               
                 Epithelial Cells Specialized for Exocrine Secretion 
               
               
                 cells of salivary gland 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 mucous cell (secretion rich in polysaccharide) 
               
               
                   
                 serous cell (secretion rich in glycoprotein enzymes) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 cell of von Ebner&#39;s gland in tongue (secretion to wash over taste 
               
               
                 buds) 
               
               
                 cell of mammary gland, secreting milk 
               
               
                 cell of lacrimal gland, secreting tears 
               
               
                 cell of ceruminous gland of ear, secreting wax 
               
               
                 cell of eccrine sweat gland, secreting glycoproteins (dark cell) 
               
               
                 cell of eccrine sweat gland, secreting small molecules (clear cell) 
               
               
                 cell of apocrine sweat gland (odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone 
               
               
                 sensitive) 
               
               
                 cell of gland of Moll in eyelid (specialized sweat gland) 
               
               
                 cell of sebaceous gland, secreting lipid-rich sebum 
               
               
                 cell of Bowman&#39;s gland in nose (secretion to wash over olfactory 
               
               
                 epithelium) 
               
               
                 cell of Brunner&#39;s gland in duodenum, secreting alkaline solution of 
               
               
                 mucus and enzymes 
               
               
                 cell of seminal vesicle, secreting components of seminal fluid, 
               
               
                 including fructose (as fuel for swimming sperm) 
               
               
                 cell of prostate gland, secreting other components of seminal fluid 
               
               
                 cell of bulbourethral gland, secreting mucus 
               
               
                 cell of Bartholin&#39;s gland, secreting vaginal lubricant 
               
               
                 cell of gland of Littre, secreting mucus 
               
               
                 cell of endometrium of uterus, secreting mainly carbohydrates 
               
               
                 isolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts, secreting 
               
               
                 mucus 
               
               
                 mucous cell of lining of stomach 
               
               
                 zymogenic cell of gastric gland, secreting pepsinogen 
               
               
                 oxyntic cell of gastric gland, secreting HCl 
               
               
                 acinar cell of pancreas, secreting digestive enzymes and 
               
               
                 bicarbonate 
               
               
                 Paneth cell of small intestine, secreting lysozyme 
               
               
                 type II pneumocyte of lung, secreting surfactant 
               
               
                 Clara cell of lung (function unknown) 
               
               
                 Cells Specialized for Secretion of Hormones 
               
               
                 cells of anterior pituitary, secreting growth hormone, follicle- 
               
               
                 stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, 
               
               
                 adrenocorticotropic hormone, and/or thyroid-stimulating hormone 
               
               
                 cell of intermediate pituitary, secreting melanocyte-stimulating 
               
               
                 hormone 
               
               
                 cells of posterior pitutiary, secreting oxytocin and/or vasopressin 
               
               
                 cells of gut and respiratory tract, secreting serotonin, endorphin, 
               
               
                 somatostatin, gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, 
               
               
                 and/or bombesin 
               
               
                 cells of thyroid gland, secreting 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 thyroid hormone 
               
               
                   
                 calcitonin 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 cells of parathyroid gland, secreting 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 parathyroid hormone 
               
               
                   
                 oxyphil cell (function unknown) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 cells of adrenal gland, secreting 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 epinephrine 
               
               
                   
                 norepinephrine 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 steroid hormones 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 mineralocorticoids 
               
               
                   
                 glucocorticoids 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 cells of gonads, secreting 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 testosterone (Leydig cell of testis) 
               
               
                   
                 estrogen (theca interna cell of ovarian follicle) 
               
               
                   
                 progesterone (corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus of kidney 
               
               
                 juxtaglomerular cell (secreting renin) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 macula densa cell 
                   
                 (uncertain but probably related in 
               
               
                   
                 peripolar cell 
                 { 
                 function; possibly involved in secretion 
               
               
                   
                 mesangial cell 
                   
                 of erythropoietin) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Epithelial Absorptive Cells in Gut, Exocrine Glands, and Urogenital Tract 
               
               
                 brush border cell of intestine (with microvilli) 
               
               
                 striated duct cell of exocrine glands 
               
               
                 gall bladder epithelial cell 
               
               
                 brush border cell of proximal tubule of kidney 
               
               
                 distal tubule cell of kidney 
               
               
                 nonciliated cell of ductulus efferens 
               
               
                 epididymal principal cell 
               
               
                 epididymal basal cell 
               
               
                 Cells Specialized for Metabolism and Storage 
               
               
                 hepatocyte (liver cell) 
               
               
                 fat cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 white fat 
               
               
                   
                 brown fat 
               
               
                   
                 lipocyte of liver 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Epithelial Cells Serving Primarily a Barrier Function, Lining 
               
               
                 the Lung, Gut, Exocrine Glands, and Urogenital Tract 
               
               
                 type I pneumocyte (lining air space of lung) 
               
               
                 pancreatic duct cell (centroacinar cell) 
               
               
                 nonstriated duct cell of sweat gland, salivary gland, mammary 
               
               
                 gland, etc. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (various) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 parietal cell of kidney glomerulus 
               
               
                 podocyte of kidney glomerulus 
               
               
                 cell of thin segment of loop of Henle (in kidney) 
               
               
                 collecting duct cell (in kidney) 
               
               
                 duct cell of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc. (various) 
               
               
                 Epithelial Cells Lining Closed Internal Body Cavities 
               
               
                 vascular endothelial cells of blood vessels and lymphatics 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 fenestrated 
               
               
                   
                 continuous 
               
               
                   
                 splenic 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 synovial cell (lining joint cavities, secreting largely hyaluronic 
               
               
                 acid) 
               
               
                 serosal cell (lining peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities) 
               
               
                 squamous cell lining perilymphatic space of ear 
               
               
                 cells lining endolymphatic space of ear 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 squamous cell 
               
               
                   
                 columnar cells of endolymphatic sac 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 with microvilli 
               
               
                   
                 without microvilli 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 “dark” cell 
               
               
                   
                 vestibular membrane cell 
               
               
                   
                 stria vascularis basal cell 
               
               
                   
                 stria vascularis marginal cell 
               
               
                   
                 cell of Claudius 
               
               
                   
                 cell of Boettcher 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 choroid plexus cell (secreting cerebrospinal fluid) 
               
               
                 squamous cell of pia-arachnoid 
               
               
                 cells of ciliary epithelium of eye 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 pigmented 
               
               
                   
                 nonpigmented 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 corneal “endothelial” cell 
               
               
                 Ciliated Cells with Propulsive Function 
               
               
                 Ciliated Cells of respiratory tract 
               
               
                 Ciliated Cells of oviduct and of endometrium of uterus (in female) 
               
               
                 Ciliated Cells of rete testis and ductulus efferens (in male) 
               
               
                 Ciliated Cells of central nervous system (ependymal cell lining 
               
               
                 brain cavities) 
               
               
                 Cells Specialized for Secretion of Extracellular Matrix 
               
               
                 epithelial 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 ameloblast (secreting enamel of tooth) 
               
               
                   
                 planum semilunatum cell of vestibular apparatus of ear 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (secreting proteoglycan) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 interdental cell of organ of Corti (secreting tectorial 
               
               
                   
                 “membrane” covering 
               
               
                   
                 hair cells of organ of Corti) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 nonepithelial (connective tissue) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 fibroblasts (various-of loose connective tissue, of cornea, of 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 tendon, of reticular tissue of bone marrow, 
               
               
                   
                 etc.) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 pericyte of blood capillary 
               
               
                   
                 nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc 
               
               
                   
                 cementoblast/cementocyte (secreting bonelike cementum of 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 root of tooth) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 odontoblast/odontocyte (secreting dentin of tooth) 
               
               
                   
                 chondrocytes 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 of hyaline cartilage 
               
               
                   
                 of fibrocartilage 
               
               
                   
                 of elastic cartilage 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 osteoblast/osteocyte 
               
               
                   
                 osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts) 
               
               
                   
                 hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye 
               
               
                   
                 stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Contractile Cells 
               
               
                 skeletal muscle cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 red (slow) 
               
               
                   
                 white (fast) 
               
               
                   
                 intermediate 
               
               
                   
                 muscle spindle-nuclear bag 
               
               
                   
                 muscle spindle-nuclear chain 
               
               
                   
                 satellite cell (stem cell) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 heart muscle cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 ordinary 
               
               
                   
                 nodal 
               
               
                   
                 Purkinje fiber 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 smooth muscle cells (various) 
               
               
                 myoepithelial cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 of iris 
               
               
                   
                 of exocrine glands 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Cells of Blood and Immune System 
               
               
                 red blood cell 
               
               
                 megakaryocyte 
               
               
                 macrophages and related cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 monocyte 
               
               
                   
                 connective-tissue macrophage (various) 
               
               
                   
                 Langerhans cell (in epidermis) 
               
               
                   
                 osteoclast (in bone) 
               
               
                   
                 dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues) 
               
               
                   
                 microglial cell (in central nervous system) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 neutrophil 
               
               
                 eosinophil 
               
               
                 basophil 
               
               
                 mast cell 
               
               
                 T lymphocyte 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 helper T cell 
               
               
                   
                 suppressor T cell 
               
               
                   
                 killer T cell 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 B lymphocyte 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 IgM 
               
               
                   
                 IgG 
               
               
                   
                 IgA 
               
               
                   
                 IgE 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 killer cell 
               
               
                 stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 immune system (various) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Sensory Transducers 
               
               
                 photoreceptors 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 rod 
               
               
                   
                 cones 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 blue sensitive 
               
               
                   
                 green sensitive 
               
               
                   
                 red sensitive 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 hearing 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 inner hair cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                   
                 outer hair cell of organ of Corti 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 acceleration and gravity 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 type I hair cell of vestibular apparatus of ear 
               
               
                   
                 type II hair cell of vestibular apparatus of ear 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 taste 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 type II taste bud cell 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 smell 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 olfactory neuron 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 basal cell of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons) 
               
               
                 blood pH 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 carotid body cell 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 type I 
               
               
                   
                 type II 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 touch 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Merkel cell of epidermis 
               
               
                   
                 primary sensory neurons specialized for touch (various) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 temperature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 primary sensory neurons specialized for temperature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 cold sensitive 
               
               
                   
                 heat sensitive 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 pain 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 primary sensory neurons specialized for pain (various) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 configurations and forces in musculoskeletal system 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Autonomic Neurons 
               
               
                 cholinergic (various) 
               
               
                 adrenergic (various) 
               
               
                 peptidergic (various) 
               
               
                 Supporting Cells of Sense Organs and of Peripheral Neurons 
               
               
                 supporting cells of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 inner pillar cell 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 outer pillar cell 
               
               
                   
                 inner phalangeal cell 
               
               
                   
                 outer phalangeal cell 
               
               
                   
                 border cell 
               
               
                   
                 Hensen cell 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 supporting cell of vestibular apparatus 
               
               
                 supporting cell of taste bud (type I taste bud cell) 
               
               
                 supporting cell of olfactory epithelium 
               
               
                 Schwann cell 
               
               
                 satellite cell (encapsulating peripheral nerve cell bodies) 
               
               
                 enteric glial cell 
               
               
                 Neurons and Glial Cells of Central Nervous System 
               
               
                 neurons (huge variety of types-still poorly classified) 
               
               
                 glial cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 astrocyte (various) 
               
               
                   
                 oligodendrocyte 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Lens Cells 
               
               
                 anterior lens epithelial cell 
               
               
                 lens fiber (crystallin-containing cell) 
               
               
                 Pigment Cells 
               
               
                 melanocyte 
               
               
                 retinal pigmented epithelial cell 
               
               
                 Germ Cells 
               
               
                 oogonium/oocyte 
               
               
                 spermatocyte 
               
               
                 spermatogonium (stem cell for spermatocyte) 
               
               
                 Nurse Cells 
               
               
                 ovarian follicle cell 
               
               
                 Sertoli cell (in testis) 
               
               
                 thymus epithelial cell 
               
               
                 Exocrine secretory epithelial cells 
               
               
                 Salivary gland mucous cell (polysaccharide-rich secretion) 
               
               
                 Salivary gland number 1 (glycoprotein enzyme-rich secretion) 
               
               
                 Von Ebner&#39;s gland cell in tongue (washes taste buds) 
               
               
                 Mammary gland cell (milk secretion) 
               
               
                 Lacrimal gland cell (tear secretion) 
               
               
                 Ceruminous gland cell in ear (earwax secretion) 
               
               
                 Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (glycoprotein secretion) 
               
               
                 Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (small molecule secretion) 
               
               
                 Apocrine sweat gland cell (odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone 
               
               
                 sensitive) 
               
               
                 Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (specialized sweat gland) 
               
               
                 Sebaceous gland cell (lipid-rich sebum secretion) 
               
               
                 Bowman&#39;s gland cell in nose (washes olfactory epithelium) 
               
               
                 Brunner&#39;s gland cell in duodenum (enzymes and alkaline 
               
               
                 mucus) 
               
               
                 Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid components, 
               
               
                 including fructose for swimming sperm) 
               
               
                 Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal fluid components) 
               
               
                 Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion) 
               
               
                 Bartholin&#39;s gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion) 
               
               
                 Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion) 
               
               
                 Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion) 
               
               
                 Isolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (mucus 
               
               
                 secretion) 
               
               
                 Stomach lining mucous cell (mucus secretion) 
               
               
                 Gastric gland zymogenic cell (pepsinogen secretion) 
               
               
                 Gastric gland oxyntic cell (hydrochloric acid secretion) 
               
               
                 Pancreatic acinar cell (bicarbonate and digestive enzyme 
               
               
                 secretion) 
               
               
                 Paneth cell of small intestine (lysozyme secretion) 
               
               
                 Type II pneumocyte of lung (surfactant secretion) 
               
               
                 Clara cell of lung 
               
               
                 Hormone secreting cells 
               
               
                 Anterior pituitary cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Somatotropes 
               
               
                   
                 Lactotropes 
               
               
                   
                 Thyrotropes 
               
               
                   
                 Gonadotropes 
               
               
                   
                 Corticotropes 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Intermediate pituitary cell, secreting melanocyte-stimulating 
               
               
                 hormone 
               
               
                 Magnocellular neurosecretory cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 secreting oxytocin 
               
               
                   
                 secreting vasopressin 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Gut and respiratory tract cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 secreting serotonin 
               
               
                   
                 secreting endorphin 
               
               
                   
                 secreting somatostatin 
               
               
                   
                 secreting gastrin 
               
               
                   
                 secreting secretin 
               
               
                   
                 secreting cholecystokinin 
               
               
                   
                 secreting insulin 
               
               
                   
                 secreting glucagon 
               
               
                   
                 secreting bombesin 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Thyroid gland cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 thyroid epithelial cell 
               
               
                   
                 parafollicular cell 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Parathyroid gland cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Parathyroid chief cell 
               
               
                   
                 Oxyphil cell 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Adrenal gland cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 chromaffin cells 
               
               
                   
                 secreting steroid 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 hormones (mineralcorticoids and gluco 
               
               
                   
                 corticoids) 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone 
               
               
                 Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen 
               
               
                 Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle 
               
               
                 secreting progesterone 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Granulosa lutein cells 
               
               
                   
                 Theca lutein cells 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion) 
               
               
                 Macula densa cell of kidney 
               
               
                 Peripolar cell of kidney 
               
               
                 Mesangial cell of kidney 
               
               
                 Derived primarily from ectoderm 
               
               
                 Integumentary system 
               
               
                 Keratinizing epithelial cells 
               
               
                 Epidermal keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal cell) 
               
               
                 Epidermal basal cell (stem cell) 
               
               
                 Keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails 
               
               
                 Nail bed basal cell (stem cell) 
               
               
                 Medullary hair shaft cell 
               
               
                 Cortical hair shaft cell 
               
               
                 Cuticular hair shaft cell 
               
               
                 Cuticular hair root sheath cell 
               
               
                 Hair root sheath cell of Huxley&#39;s layer 
               
               
                 Hair root sheath cell of Henle&#39;s layer 
               
               
                 External hair root sheath cell 
               
               
                 Hair matrix cell (stem cell) 
               
               
                 Wet stratified barrier epithelial cells 
               
               
                 Surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous 
               
               
                 epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal 
               
               
                 canal, distalurethra and vagina 
               
               
                 basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, 
               
               
                 esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina 
               
               
                 Urinary epithelium cell (lining urinary bladder and urinary 
               
               
                 ducts) 
               
               
                 Nervous system 
               
               
                 There are nerve cells, also known as neurons, present in our human 
               
               
                 body. They are branched out. These cells make upnervous tissue. 
               
               
                 A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, 
               
               
                 from which long thin hair-like parts arise. 
               
               
                 Sensory transducer cells 
               
               
                 Auditory inner hair cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Auditory outer hair cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Basal cell of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory 
               
               
                 neurons) 
               
               
                 Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons 
               
               
                 Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons 
               
               
                 Merkel cell of epidermis (touch sensor) 
               
               
                 Olfactory receptor neuron 
               
               
                 Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types) 
               
               
                 Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye: 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Photoreceptor rod cells 
               
               
                   
                 Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cell of eye 
               
               
                   
                 Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cell of eye 
               
               
                   
                 Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cell of eye 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various types) 
               
               
                 Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types) 
               
               
                 Type I carotid body cell (blood pH sensor) 
               
               
                 Type II carotid body cell (blood pH sensor) 
               
               
                 Type I hair cell of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and 
               
               
                 gravity) 
               
               
                 Type II hair cell of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and 
               
               
                 gravity) 
               
               
                 Type I taste bud cell 
               
               
                 Autonomic neuron cells 
               
               
                 Cholinergic neural cell 
               
               
                 Adrenergic neural cell 
               
               
                 Peptidergic neural cell 
               
               
                 Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells 
               
               
                 Inner pillar cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Outer pillar cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Inner phalangeal cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Outer phalangeal cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Border cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Hensen cell of organ of Corti 
               
               
                 Vestibular apparatus supporting cell 
               
               
                 Taste bud supporting cell 
               
               
                 Olfactory epithelium supporting cell 
               
               
                 Schwann cell 
               
               
                 Satellite glial cell (encapsulating peripheral nerve cell bodies) 
               
               
                 Enteric glial cell 
               
               
                 Central nervous system neurons and glial cells 
               
               
                 Astrocyte (various types) 
               
               
                 Neuron cells (large variety of types, still poorly classified) 
               
               
                 Oligodendrocyte 
               
               
                 Spindle neuron 
               
               
                 Lens cells 
               
               
                 Anterior lens epithelial cell 
               
               
                 Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell 
               
               
                 Derived primarily from mesoderm 
               
               
                 Metabolism and storage cells 
               
               
                 Hepatocyte (liver cell) 
               
               
                 Adipocytes: 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 White fat cell 
               
               
                   
                 Brown fat cell 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Liver lipocyte 
               
               
                 Barrier function cells (lung, gut, exocrine 
               
               
                 glands and urogenital tract) 
               
               
                 Kidney 
               
               
                 Kidney parietal cell 
               
               
                 Kidney glomerulus podocyte 
               
               
                 Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell 
               
               
                 Loop of Henle thin segment cell 
               
               
                 Kidney distal tubule cell 
               
               
                 Kidney collecting duct cell[disambiguation needed] 
               
               
                 Type I pneumocyte (lining air space of lung cell) 
               
               
                 Pancreatic duct cell (centroacinar cell) 
               
               
                 Nonstriated duct cell (of sweat gland, salivary gland, mammary 
               
               
                 gland, etc.) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 principal cell 
               
               
                   
                 Intercalated cell 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Duct cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.) 
               
               
                 Intestinal brush border cell (with microvilli) 
               
               
                 Exocrine gland striated duct cell 
               
               
                 Gall bladder epithelial cell 
               
               
                 Ductulus efferens nonciliated cell 
               
               
                 Epididymal principal cell 
               
               
                 Epididymal basal cell 
               
               
                 Extracellular matrix cells 
               
               
                 Ameloblast epithelial cell (tooth enamel secretion) 
               
               
                 Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular system of ear 
               
               
                 (proteoglycan secretion) 
               
               
                 Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting tectorial 
               
               
                 membrane covering hair cells) 
               
               
                 Loose connective tissue fibroblasts 
               
               
                 Corneal fibroblasts (corneal keratocytes) 
               
               
                 Tendon fibroblasts 
               
               
                 Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts 
               
               
                 Other nonepithelial fibroblasts 
               
               
                 Pericyte 
               
               
                 Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc 
               
               
                 Cementoblast/cementocyte (tooth root bonelike ewan cell 
               
               
                 secretion) 
               
               
                 Odontoblast/odontocyte (tooth dentin secretion) 
               
               
                 Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte 
               
               
                 Fibrocartilage chondrocyte 
               
               
                 Elastic cartilage chondrocyte 
               
               
                 Osteoblast/osteocyte 
               
               
                 Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts) 
               
               
                 Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye 
               
               
                 Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear 
               
               
                 Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell) 
               
               
                 Pancreatic stelle cell 
               
               
                 Contractile cells 
               
               
                 skeletal muscle Cell 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Red skeletal muscle cell (slow) 
               
               
                   
                 White skeletal muscle cell (fast) 
               
               
                   
                 Intermediate skeletal muscle cell 
               
               
                   
                 nuclear bag cell of muscle spindle 
               
               
                   
                 nuclear chain cell of muscle spindle 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Satellite cell (stem cell) 
               
               
                 Heart muscle cells 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Ordinary heart muscle cell 
               
               
                   
                 Nodal heart muscle cell 
               
               
                   
                 Purkinje fiber cell 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Smooth muscle cell (various types) 
               
               
                 Myoepithelial cell of iris 
               
               
                 Myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands 
               
               
                 Blood and immune system cells 
               
               
                 Erythrocyte (red blood cell) 
               
               
                 Megakaryocyte (platelet pecursor) 
               
               
                 Monocyte (white blood cell) 
               
               
                 Connective tissue macrophage (various types) 
               
               
                 Epidermal Langerhans cell 
               
               
                 Osteoclast (in bone) 
               
               
                 Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues) 
               
               
                 Microglial cell (in central nervous system) 
               
               
                 Neutrophil granulocyte 
               
               
                 Eosinophil granulocyte 
               
               
                 Basophil granulocyte 
               
               
                 Hybridoma cell 
               
               
                 Mast cell 
               
               
                 Helper T cell 
               
               
                 Suppressor T cell 
               
               
                 Cytotoxic T cell 
               
               
                 Natural Killer T cell 
               
               
                 B cell 
               
               
                 Natural killer cell 
               
               
                 Reticulocyte 
               
               
                 Stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune 
               
               
                 system (various types) 
               
               
                 Germ cells 
               
               
                 Oogonium/Oocyte 
               
               
                 Spermatid 
               
               
                 Spermatocyte 
               
               
                 Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte) 
               
               
                 Spermatozoon 
               
               
                 Nurse cells 
               
               
                 Ovarian follicle cell 
               
               
                 Sertoli cell (in testis) 
               
               
                 Thymus epithelial cell 
               
               
                 Interstitial cells 
               
               
                 Interstitial kidney cells 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 B Cell maturation markers for use with the 
               
               
                 hydrogel particles described herein. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 B-cell 
                   
               
               
                 type 
                 Cell surface marker(s) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Pro-B 
                 CD19, CD20, CD34, CD38, CD45R 
               
               
                 Pre-B 
                 CD19, CD20, CD38, CD45R 
               
               
                 Immature B 
                 CD19, CD20, CD40, CD45R, IgM 
               
               
                 Tr-B 
                 CD10, CD19, CD20, CD24, CD28 
               
               
                 Naïve-B 
                 CD19, CD20, CD23, CD40, CD150 (SLAM), IgD, IgM 
               
               
                 B-1 
                 CD19, CD20, CD27, IgM 
               
               
                 Memory B 
                 CD19, CD20, CD28, CD40, IgA, IgG 
               
               
                 Plasma Cell 
                 CD19, CD28, CD31, CD38, CD40, CD95 (FAS), CD184 
               
               
                   
                 (CXCR4) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Cell surface markers for use with the 
               
               
                 hydrogel particles described herein. 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 14-3-3 Î ± Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 14-3-3 Îμ 
               
               
                   
                 14-3-3 Î¶ 
               
               
                   
                 14-3-3 Î, 
               
               
                   
                 14-3-3 {hacek over (I)}f 
               
               
                   
                 15-Lipoxygenase 1 
               
               
                   
                 160 kD Neurofilament Medium 
               
               
                   
                 200 kD Neurofilament Heavy 
               
               
                   
                 2H2 
               
               
                   
                 3G11 sialoganglioside antigen 
               
               
                   
                 4E-BP1 
               
               
                   
                 4E-BP1 Phospho (Thr37/46) 
               
               
                   
                 5-Methylcytidine 
               
               
                   
                 5HT3A receptor 
               
               
                   
                 5T4 
               
               
                   
                 68 kDa Neurofilament Light 
               
               
                   
                 7.1 
               
               
                   
                 70 kD Neurofilament Light 
               
               
                   
                 A20 
               
               
                   
                 A2B5 
               
               
                   
                 AAK1 
               
               
                   
                 ABCA1 
               
               
                   
                 ABCA7 
               
               
                   
                 ABCB4 
               
               
                   
                 ABCB5 
               
               
                   
                 ABCC10 
               
               
                   
                 ABCC11 
               
               
                   
                 ABCG1 
               
               
                   
                 ABI2 
               
               
                   
                 ABIN3 
               
               
                   
                 ABIN3Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 ABL2 
               
               
                   
                 Abraxas 
               
               
                   
                 ACAA1 
               
               
                   
                 ACADM 
               
               
                   
                 ACAT2 
               
               
                   
                 ACBD3 
               
               
                   
                 ACD 
               
               
                   
                 ACE2 
               
               
                   
                 Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase 
               
               
                   
                 Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthetase 
               
               
                   
                 Acetylated Lysine 
               
               
                   
                 AChRÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 AChRÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 AChRÎ 3   
               
               
                   
                 Aconitase2 
               
               
                   
                 ACOT12 
               
               
                   
                 ACSA2 
               
               
                   
                 ACSF2 
               
               
                   
                 ACSM5 
               
               
                   
                 Act1 
               
               
                   
                 Activation molecule 8 (B cells) 
               
               
                   
                 Activin A Receptor Type IB 
               
               
                   
                 Activin A Receptor Type IIB 
               
               
                   
                 ACTN3 
               
               
                   
                 ACY1 
               
               
                   
                 ACY3 
               
               
                   
                 ADA 
               
               
                   
                 ADAM12 
               
               
                   
                 ADE2 
               
               
                   
                 Adenosine A1 Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Adenosine A2aR 
               
               
                   
                 Adenovirus 
               
               
                   
                 Adenovirus Fiber monomer and trimer 
               
               
                   
                 Adenovirus hexon protein 
               
               
                   
                 Adenylate Kinase 1 
               
               
                   
                 Adenylosuccinate Lyase 
               
               
                   
                 ADFP 
               
               
                   
                 ADH1B 
               
               
                   
                 ADH6 
               
               
                   
                 ADH7 
               
               
                   
                 ADI1 
               
               
                   
                 Adiponectin 
               
               
                   
                 Adiponectin Receptor 2 
               
               
                   
                 Adipose Triglyceride Lipase 
               
               
                   
                 ADP Ribosylation Factor 
               
               
                   
                 ADP-ribosyltransferase 2.2 gene 
               
               
                   
                 Adrenodoxin 
               
               
                   
                 AF10 
               
               
                   
                 AFAP1 
               
               
                   
                 AFP 
               
               
                   
                 AG2 
               
               
                   
                 AGAP1 
               
               
                   
                 AGPAT5 
               
               
                   
                 AGR2 
               
               
                   
                 AHSG 
               
               
                   
                 AICDA 
               
               
                   
                 AID 
               
               
                   
                 AIF 
               
               
                   
                 AIM-2 
               
               
                   
                 Aiolos 
               
               
                   
                 AIPL1 
               
               
                   
                 AIRE 
               
               
                   
                 AK3 
               
               
                   
                 AK3L1 
               
               
                   
                 AK5 
               
               
                   
                 Akt 
               
               
                   
                 Akt (pS473) 
               
               
                   
                 Akt (pT308) 
               
               
                   
                 Akt1 
               
               
                   
                 Akt2 
               
               
                   
                 Akt3 
               
               
                   
                 Albumin 
               
               
                   
                 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 
               
               
                   
                 Aldehyde Reductase 
               
               
                   
                 ALDH1A1 
               
               
                   
                 ALDH1L1 
               
               
                   
                 ALDH2 
               
               
                   
                 ALDH3A1 
               
               
                   
                 ALDH3A2 
               
               
                   
                 ALDH5A1 
               
               
                   
                 ALDH6A1 
               
               
                   
                 ALDH7A1 
               
               
                   
                 ALDOB 
               
               
                   
                 Aldolase B 
               
               
                   
                 Alexa Fluor 405/Cascade Blue 
               
               
                   
                 Alexa Fluor 488 
               
               
                   
                 ALG2 
               
               
                   
                 Alix 
               
               
                   
                 Allergin1 
               
               
                   
                 alpha 1 Antitrypsin 
               
               
                   
                 alpha 1 Catenin 
               
               
                   
                 alpha 1 Sodium Potassium ATPase 
               
               
                   
                 alpha 2 Catenin 
               
               
                   
                 alpha 2 Macroglobulin 
               
               
                   
                 alpha Actin 1 
               
               
                   
                 alpha Actin 2 
               
               
                   
                 alpha Actinin 
               
               
                   
                 alpha Actinin 2 
               
               
                   
                 alpha Actinin 3 
               
               
                   
                 alpha Actinin 4 
               
               
                   
                 alpha Adaptin 
               
               
                   
                 alpha Adducin 
               
               
                   
                 alpha B Crystallin 
               
               
                   
                 alpha Fodrin 
               
               
                   
                 alpha Internexin 
               
               
                   
                 alpha Synuclein 
               
               
                   
                 ALS1 
               
               
                   
                 AMACR 
               
               
                   
                 Aminopeptidase P 
               
               
                   
                 AML1 
               
               
                   
                 Amphiphysin 
               
               
                   
                 AMPKÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 AMPKÎ ± 1 
               
               
                   
                 AMPKÎ ± 2 
               
               
                   
                 AMPKÎ 2 1 
               
               
                   
                 AMPKÎ 3 1 
               
               
                   
                 AmyloidÎ 2  42 
               
               
                   
                 ANAPC2 
               
               
                   
                 AND1 
               
               
                   
                 Androgen Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Angiotensin I 
               
               
                   
                 Angiotensin II Receptor 2 
               
               
                   
                 Angiotensin III 
               
               
                   
                 ANKRD53 
               
               
                   
                 Annexin IV 
               
               
                   
                 Annexin V 
               
               
                   
                 ANP 
               
               
                   
                 Anti- Kudoa thrysites   
               
               
                   
                 Anti- T. brucei  procyclin (GPEET) 
               
               
                   
                 Anti- T. brucei  procyclin (phosphorylated GPEET) 
               
               
                   
                 Antiglobulin (Coombs) 
               
               
                   
                 Antithrombin III 
               
               
                   
                 AP2 Î± 
               
               
                   
                 AP2 Î ± Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 AP2 Î 3   
               
               
                   
                 AP2M1 
               
               
                   
                 AP2S1 
               
               
                   
                 APAF1 
               
               
                   
                 APBB3 
               
               
                   
                 APC 
               
               
                   
                 APC-1 
               
               
                   
                 APC-10 
               
               
                   
                 APC-11 
               
               
                   
                 APC-2 
               
               
                   
                 APC-3 
               
               
                   
                 APC-5 
               
               
                   
                 APC-7 
               
               
                   
                 APC-8 
               
               
                   
                 APE1 
               
               
                   
                 APG12 
               
               
                   
                 APG3 
               
               
                   
                 APG5 
               
               
                   
                 APG7 
               
               
                   
                 APMAP 
               
               
                   
                 Apo-2.7 
               
               
                   
                 Apo-2.7 (7A6) 
               
               
                   
                 ApoE 
               
               
                   
                 ApoE4 
               
               
                   
                 APOER2 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein AI 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein AII 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein AIV 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein B 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein CIII 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein D 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein E 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein F 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein H 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein J 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein L1 
               
               
                   
                 Apolipoprotein M 
               
               
                   
                 Apoptotic neutrophils 
               
               
                   
                 APP 
               
               
                   
                 Aquaporin 1 
               
               
                   
                 Aquaporin 5 
               
               
                   
                 ARF1 
               
               
                   
                 ARF5 
               
               
                   
                 ARFGAP1 
               
               
                   
                 ARFRP1 
               
               
                   
                 Argonaute-1 
               
               
                   
                 ARH 
               
               
                   
                 ARHGAP25 
               
               
                   
                 ARHGAP4 
               
               
                   
                 ARL11 
               
               
                   
                 ARL5B 
               
               
                   
                 ARPC5 
               
               
                   
                 Artemis 
               
               
                   
                 Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 ASB-1 
               
               
                   
                 ASCC1 
               
               
                   
                 ASCC2 
               
               
                   
                 ASGPR 
               
               
                   
                 Asialo-GM1 
               
               
                   
                 ASK1 
               
               
                   
                 Asparagine synthetase 
               
               
                   
                 Ataxin 1 
               
               
                   
                 ATF1 
               
               
                   
                 ATF2 
               
               
                   
                 ATG4A 
               
               
                   
                 ATG9A 
               
               
                   
                 ATIC 
               
               
                   
                 Atlantic Salmon Ig 
               
               
                   
                 ATM 
               
               
                   
                 ATP citrate lyase 
               
               
                   
                 ATP1B3 
               
               
                   
                 ATP5A 
               
               
                   
                 ATP5H 
               
               
                   
                 ATP5J 
               
               
                   
                 ATP5O 
               
               
                   
                 ATP6V0D1 
               
               
                   
                 ATP6V1B1 
               
               
                   
                 ATPB 
               
               
                   
                 ATRIP 
               
               
                   
                 Aurora A 
               
               
                   
                 Aurora A Phospho (Thr288) 
               
               
                   
                 Aurora B 
               
               
                   
                 Aurora B Phospho (Thr232) 
               
               
                   
                 AVEN 
               
               
                   
                 Avian Influenza A Neuraminidase 
               
               
                   
                 Avidin 
               
               
                   
                 Axin 2 
               
               
                   
                 Axl 
               
               
                   
                 B and Activated T Cells 
               
               
                   
                 B Cell 
               
               
                   
                 B Cell Subset 
               
               
                   
                 B cells (pan reactive) 
               
               
                   
                 B lymphocytes antibody [UCH-B1] 
               
               
                   
                 b-Endorphin 
               
               
                   
                 B-Raf Phospho (Thr598/Ser601) 
               
               
                   
                 B18R 
               
               
                   
                 B7-H4 
               
               
                   
                 BACE1 
               
               
                   
                 BACE2 
               
               
                   
                 BACH1 
               
               
                   
                 baculovirus envelope gp64 protein 
               
               
                   
                 BAG1 
               
               
                   
                 BAG2 
               
               
                   
                 BAG3 
               
               
                   
                 BAG4 
               
               
                   
                 BAIAP2 
               
               
                   
                 BAK 
               
               
                   
                 BAMBI 
               
               
                   
                 BAP31 
               
               
                   
                 BAP37 
               
               
                   
                 basal cell Cytokeratin 
               
               
                   
                 Basophils 
               
               
                   
                 Bassoon 
               
               
                   
                 BATF 
               
               
                   
                 Bax 
               
               
                   
                 BCAR1 
               
               
                   
                 BCAR2 
               
               
                   
                 BCKD complex E2 subunit 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-10 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-2 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-2 (pS70) 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-2 like 12 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-2 like 2 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-22 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-2A1 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-2Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-3 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-6 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-xL 
               
               
                   
                 Bcl-XS/L 
               
               
                   
                 BCR 
               
               
                   
                 BCSC1 
               
               
                   
                 BDH2 
               
               
                   
                 BDKRB2 
               
               
                   
                 BDNF 
               
               
                   
                 Beclin1 
               
               
                   
                 Bestrophin 3 
               
               
                   
                 beta 2 Adrenoreceptor 
               
               
                   
                 Beta 3 Adrenergic Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 beta 3 Sodium Potassium ATPase 
               
               
                   
                 beta Actin 
               
               
                   
                 beta Arrestin 1 
               
               
                   
                 beta Arrestin 2 
               
               
                   
                 beta Catenin 
               
               
                   
                 beta Catenin (npaa 27-37) 
               
               
                   
                 beta Catenin (npaa 35-50) 
               
               
                   
                 beta Catenin (pS45) 
               
               
                   
                 beta Dystroglycan 
               
               
                   
                 beta galactosidase 
               
               
                   
                 beta galactosidase fusion proteins 
               
               
                   
                 beta Synuclein 
               
               
                   
                 beta2 Microglobulin 
               
               
                   
                 BHMT 
               
               
                   
                 Bid 
               
               
                   
                 Biglycan 
               
               
                   
                 Bilirubin Oxidase 
               
               
                   
                 Bim 
               
               
                   
                 BimL 
               
               
                   
                 BIN1 
               
               
                   
                 BIN3 
               
               
                   
                 Biotin 
               
               
                   
                 BiP 
               
               
                   
                 BLBP 
               
               
                   
                 Blimp-1 
               
               
                   
                 BLK 
               
               
                   
                 BLNK 
               
               
                   
                 BLNK (pY84) 
               
               
                   
                 Blood Group A Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Blood Group AB Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Blood Group B Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Blood Group H ab Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Blood Group H ab Antigen/n Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Blood Group H inhibitor 
               
               
                   
                 Blood Group Lewis a 
               
               
                   
                 Blood Group M Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Blood Group N Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Blooms Syndrome Protein Blm 
               
               
                   
                 BM1 
               
               
                   
                 BMAL1 
               
               
                   
                 BMI1 
               
               
                   
                 Bmk 
               
               
                   
                 BMP15 
               
               
                   
                 BMP4 
               
               
                   
                 BMP7 
               
               
                   
                 BMPR1A 
               
               
                   
                 BMPR2 
               
               
                   
                 BMX 
               
               
                   
                 bMyc 
               
               
                   
                 BNIP2 
               
               
                   
                 BNIP3 
               
               
                   
                 BNIP3L 
               
               
                   
                 BOB1 
               
               
                   
                 BORA 
               
               
                   
                 Borealin 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Borrelia burgdorferi 
                 
               
               
                   
                 BPI 
               
               
                   
                 BRaf 
               
               
                   
                 BRCA1 
               
               
                   
                 BRCC36 
               
               
                   
                 BRD3 
               
               
                   
                 BrdU 
               
               
                   
                 BRF1 
               
               
                   
                 BRG1 
               
               
                   
                 BRN3A 
               
               
                   
                 Btk 
               
               
                   
                 Btk (pY551)/Itk (pY511) 
               
               
                   
                 BTLN-2 
               
               
                   
                 BTN1A1 
               
               
                   
                 Bu1 
               
               
                   
                 Bu1a 
               
               
                   
                 Bu1a/Bu1b 
               
               
                   
                 Bu1b 
               
               
                   
                 BubR1 
               
               
                   
                 Bulb 
               
               
                   
                 Butyrylcholinesterase 
               
               
                   
                 C peptide 
               
               
                   
                 C reactive protein 
               
               
                   
                 C/EBPÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 C1 Inhibitor 
               
               
                   
                 C15orf40 
               
               
                   
                 C16orf72 
               
               
                   
                 C1orf50 
               
               
                   
                 C1Q 
               
               
                   
                 C1QA 
               
               
                   
                 C1QB 
               
               
                   
                 C1QC 
               
               
                   
                 C1QG 
               
               
                   
                 C1r 
               
               
                   
                 C1s 
               
               
                   
                 C20orf30 
               
               
                   
                 C20orf43 
               
               
                   
                 C21orf56 
               
               
                   
                 C21orf59 
               
               
                   
                 C2orf43 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
               
               
                   
                 C3aR 
               
               
                   
                 C3b 
               
               
                   
                 C3c 
               
               
                   
                 C3d 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
               
               
                   
                 C4 binding protein 
               
               
                   
                 C4b 
               
               
                   
                 C4c 
               
               
                   
                 C4d 
               
               
                   
                 C4orf42 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
               
               
                   
                 C5aR1 
               
               
                   
                 C5L2 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
               
               
                   
                 C6orf64 
               
               
                   
                 C8A/B/G 
               
               
                   
                 C9 
               
               
                   
                 C9orf41 
               
               
                   
                 CA125 
               
               
                   
                 CA19.9 
               
               
                   
                 CAB39 
               
               
                   
                 CACNA1S 
               
               
                   
                 CACNA2 
               
               
                   
                 CACNG1 
               
               
                   
                 CAD 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin 1 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin 10 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin 11 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin 7 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin 8 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin 9 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin E 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin H 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin K 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin P 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin R 
               
               
                   
                 CAK C Terminus 
               
               
                   
                 CAK N Terminus 
               
               
                   
                 CAK Phospho (Ser164/Thr170) 
               
               
                   
                 Calbindin 
               
               
                   
                 Calcineurin A 
               
               
                   
                 Calcitonin Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Calcium Sensing Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Caldesmon 
               
               
                   
                 Calgranulin A 
               
               
                   
                 Calgranulin B 
               
               
                   
                 Calmodulin 
               
               
                   
                 Calnexin - ER membrane marker 
               
               
                   
                 Calpain 1 
               
               
                   
                 Calpain 2 
               
               
                   
                 Calpain 9 
               
               
                   
                 Calpain S1 (small subunit) 
               
               
                   
                 Calpastatin 
               
               
                   
                 Calponin 
               
               
                   
                 Calreticulin 
               
               
                   
                 Calretinin 
               
               
                   
                 Calsequestrin 2 
               
               
                   
                 CaMKI 
               
               
                   
                 CaMKII 
               
               
                   
                 CaMKII Phospho (Thr286) 
               
               
                   
                 CaMKIIÎ′ 
               
               
                   
                 CamKIV 
               
               
                   
                 CaMKIÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 CAMLG 
               
               
                   
                 cAMP Protein Kinase Catalytic subunit 
               
               
                   
                 cAMP Protein Kinase Catalytic subunit Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Cannabinoid Receptor I 
               
               
                   
                 Cannabinoid Receptor II 
               
               
                   
                 CAP-G2 
               
               
                   
                 CAP18 
               
               
                   
                 CAP2 
               
               
                   
                 CAP3 
               
               
                   
                 Carbonic Anhydrase I 
               
               
                   
                 Carbonic Anhydrase IX 
               
               
                   
                 Carboxylesterase 1 
               
               
                   
                 Carboxypeptidase A1 
               
               
                   
                 Carboxypeptidase A2 
               
               
                   
                 CARD11 
               
               
                   
                 CARD8 
               
               
                   
                 CARD9 
               
               
                   
                 Cardiac Troponin T 
               
               
                   
                 CARKL 
               
               
                   
                 CARM1 
               
               
                   
                 Casein Kinase 1 Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Casein Kinase 1 Î 3 2 
               
               
                   
                 Casein Kinase 2 Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 1 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 10 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 11 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 12 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 2 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 2L 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 3 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 4 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 5 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 6 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 7 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 8 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 9 
               
               
                   
                 Catalase 
               
               
                   
                 Catechol-O-methyltransferase 
               
               
                   
                 Cathepsin D 
               
               
                   
                 Cathepsin K 
               
               
                   
                 Cathepsin L 
               
               
                   
                 Caveolin1 
               
               
                   
                 Caveolin1 (pY14) 
               
               
                   
                 Caveolin2 
               
               
                   
                 Cbl 
               
               
                   
                 CBP 
               
               
                   
                 CBWD1 
               
               
                   
                 CBX1 
               
               
                   
                 cCbl (pY700) 
               
               
                   
                 cCbl (pY774) 
               
               
                   
                 CCDC98 
               
               
                   
                 CCK4 
               
               
                   
                 CCL11 
               
               
                   
                 CCL17 
               
               
                   
                 CCL18 
               
               
                   
                 CCL19-Fc 
               
               
                   
                 CCL20 
               
               
                   
                 CCL21 
               
               
                   
                 CCL25 
               
               
                   
                 CCL3 
               
               
                   
                 CCL5 
               
               
                   
                 CCL6 
               
               
                   
                 CCNB1IP1 
               
               
                   
                 CCR10 
               
               
                   
                 CCR11 
               
               
                   
                 CCRD6 
               
               
                   
                 CCRL2 
               
               
                   
                 CD1 
               
               
                   
                 CD1.1 
               
               
                   
                 CD10 
               
               
                   
                 CD100 
               
               
                   
                 CD101 
               
               
                   
                 CD102 
               
               
                   
                 CD103 
               
               
                   
                 CD104 
               
               
                   
                 CD105 
               
               
                   
                 CD106 
               
               
                   
                 CD107a 
               
               
                   
                 CD107b 
               
               
                   
                 CD108 
               
               
                   
                 CD109 
               
               
                   
                 CD11 
               
               
                   
                 CD110 
               
               
                   
                 CD111 
               
               
                   
                 CD112 
               
               
                   
                 CD113 
               
               
                   
                 CD114 
               
               
                   
                 CD115 
               
               
                   
                 CD116 
               
               
                   
                 CD117 
               
               
                   
                 CD118 
               
               
                   
                 CD119 
               
               
                   
                 CD11a 
               
               
                   
                 CD11a, strain polymorphism 
               
               
                   
                 CD11a/CD18 
               
               
                   
                 CD11b 
               
               
                   
                 CD11b/c 
               
               
                   
                 CD11c 
               
               
                   
                 CD11d 
               
               
                   
                 CD120a 
               
               
                   
                 CD120b 
               
               
                   
                 CD121a 
               
               
                   
                 CD121b 
               
               
                   
                 CD122 
               
               
                   
                 CD123 
               
               
                   
                 CD124 
               
               
                   
                 CD125 
               
               
                   
                 CD126 
               
               
                   
                 CD127 
               
               
                   
                 CD129 
               
               
                   
                 CD13 
               
               
                   
                 CD130 
               
               
                   
                 CD131 
               
               
                   
                 CD132 
               
               
                   
                 CD133 
               
               
                   
                 CD133/2 
               
               
                   
                 CD134 
               
               
                   
                 CD135 
               
               
                   
                 CD136 
               
               
                   
                 CD137 
               
               
                   
                 CD137L 
               
               
                   
                 CD138 
               
               
                   
                 CD139 
               
               
                   
                 CD14 
               
               
                   
                 CD140a 
               
               
                   
                 CD140b 
               
               
                   
                 CD140b (pY1009) 
               
               
                   
                 CD140b (pY1021) 
               
               
                   
                 CD140b (pY771) 
               
               
                   
                 CD140b (pY857) 
               
               
                   
                 CD141 
               
               
                   
                 CD142 
               
               
                   
                 CD143 
               
               
                   
                 CD144 
               
               
                   
                 CD146 
               
               
                   
                 CD147 
               
               
                   
                 CD148 
               
               
                   
                 CD15 
               
               
                   
                 CD150 
               
               
                   
                 CD151 
               
               
                   
                 CD152 
               
               
                   
                 CD153 
               
               
                   
                 CD154 
               
               
                   
                 CD155 
               
               
                   
                 CD156c 
               
               
                   
                 CD157 
               
               
                   
                 CD158a 
               
               
                   
                 CD158a/h 
               
               
                   
                 CD158b 
               
               
                   
                 CD158b1/b2/j 
               
               
                   
                 CD158d 
               
               
                   
                 CD158e 
               
               
                   
                 CD158e/k 
               
               
                   
                 CD158e1 
               
               
                   
                 CD158e1/e2 
               
               
                   
                 CD158f 
               
               
                   
                 CD158g 
               
               
                   
                 CD158h 
               
               
                   
                 CD158i 
               
               
                   
                 CD158j 
               
               
                   
                 CD159a 
               
               
                   
                 CD159c 
               
               
                   
                 CD15s 
               
               
                   
                 CD16 
               
               
                   
                 CD16/32 
               
               
                   
                 CD16/56 
               
               
                   
                 CD160 
               
               
                   
                 CD161 
               
               
                   
                 CD161a 
               
               
                   
                 CD162 
               
               
                   
                 CD162R 
               
               
                   
                 CD163 
               
               
                   
                 CD164 
               
               
                   
                 CD165 
               
               
                   
                 CD166 
               
               
                   
                 CD167a 
               
               
                   
                 CD168 
               
               
                   
                 CD169 
               
               
                   
                 CD16b 
               
               
                   
                 CD17 
               
               
                   
                 CD170 
               
               
                   
                 CD171 
               
               
                   
                 CD172 
               
               
                   
                 CD172a 
               
               
                   
                 CD172a/b 
               
               
                   
                 CD172b 
               
               
                   
                 CD172g 
               
               
                   
                 CD173 
               
               
                   
                 CD177 
               
               
                   
                 CD178 
               
               
                   
                 CD178.1 
               
               
                   
                 CD179a 
               
               
                   
                 CD179b 
               
               
                   
                 CD18 
               
               
                   
                 CD180 
               
               
                   
                 CD181 
               
               
                   
                 CD182 
               
               
                   
                 CD183 
               
               
                   
                 CD184 
               
               
                   
                 CD185 
               
               
                   
                 CD186 
               
               
                   
                 CD19 
               
               
                   
                 CD191 
               
               
                   
                 CD192 
               
               
                   
                 CD193 
               
               
                   
                 CD194 
               
               
                   
                 CD195 
               
               
                   
                 CD195 (cytoplasmic) 
               
               
                   
                 CD195 Phospho (Ser337) 
               
               
                   
                 CD195 Phospho (Ser349) 
               
               
                   
                 CD196 
               
               
                   
                 CD197 
               
               
                   
                 CD198 
               
               
                   
                 CD199 
               
               
                   
                 CD1a 
               
               
                   
                 CD1b 
               
               
                   
                 CD1b/c 
               
               
                   
                 CD1c 
               
               
                   
                 CD1d 
               
               
                   
                 CD1d Î ± GalCer Complex 
               
               
                   
                 CD2 
               
               
                   
                 CD20 
               
               
                   
                 CD200 
               
               
                   
                 CD200R 
               
               
                   
                 CD200R3 
               
               
                   
                 CD201 
               
               
                   
                 CD202b 
               
               
                   
                 CD203a 
               
               
                   
                 CD203c 
               
               
                   
                 CD204 
               
               
                   
                 CD205 
               
               
                   
                 CD206 
               
               
                   
                 CD207 
               
               
                   
                 CD208 
               
               
                   
                 CD209 
               
               
                   
                 CD209b 
               
               
                   
                 CD21 
               
               
                   
                 CD21/CD35 
               
               
                   
                 CD210 
               
               
                   
                 CD212 
               
               
                   
                 CD213a1 
               
               
                   
                 CD213a2 
               
               
                   
                 CD217 
               
               
                   
                 CD218a 
               
               
                   
                 CD22 
               
               
                   
                 CD22 (pY822) 
               
               
                   
                 CD22.2 
               
               
                   
                 CD220 
               
               
                   
                 CD220Î± 
               
               
                   
                 CD221 
               
               
                   
                 CD221 (pY1131) 
               
               
                   
                 CD222 
               
               
                   
                 CD223 
               
               
                   
                 CD224 
               
               
                   
                 CD226 
               
               
                   
                 CD227 
               
               
                   
                 CD229 
               
               
                   
                 CD229.1 
               
               
                   
                 CD23 
               
               
                   
                 CD230 
               
               
                   
                 CD231 
               
               
                   
                 CD233 
               
               
                   
                 CD234 
               
               
                   
                 CD235a 
               
               
                   
                 CD235ab 
               
               
                   
                 CD236 
               
               
                   
                 CD239 
               
               
                   
                 CD24 
               
               
                   
                 CD240CE 
               
               
                   
                 CD240DCE 
               
               
                   
                 CD243 
               
               
                   
                 CD244 
               
               
                   
                 CD244.1 
               
               
                   
                 CD244.2 
               
               
                   
                 CD245 
               
               
                   
                 CD246 
               
               
                   
                 CD247 
               
               
                   
                 CD247 (pY142) 
               
               
                   
                 CD249 
               
               
                   
                 CD25 
               
               
                   
                 CD252 
               
               
                   
                 CD253 
               
               
                   
                 CD254 
               
               
                   
                 CD255 
               
               
                   
                 CD256 
               
               
                   
                 CD257 
               
               
                   
                 CD258 
               
               
                   
                 CD26 
               
               
                   
                 CD261 
               
               
                   
                 CD262 
               
               
                   
                 CD263 
               
               
                   
                 CD264 
               
               
                   
                 CD265 
               
               
                   
                 CD266 
               
               
                   
                 CD267 
               
               
                   
                 CD268 
               
               
                   
                 CD269 
               
               
                   
                 CD27 
               
               
                   
                 CD270 
               
               
                   
                 CD271 
               
               
                   
                 CD272 
               
               
                   
                 CD273 
               
               
                   
                 CD274 
               
               
                   
                 CD275 
               
               
                   
                 CD276 
               
               
                   
                 CD277 
               
               
                   
                 CD278 
               
               
                   
                 CD279 
               
               
                   
                 CD28 
               
               
                   
                 CD280 
               
               
                   
                 CD281 
               
               
                   
                 CD282 
               
               
                   
                 CD283 
               
               
                   
                 CD284 
               
               
                   
                 CD284/MD2 Complex 
               
               
                   
                 CD286 
               
               
                   
                 CD289 
               
               
                   
                 CD29 
               
               
                   
                 CD290 
               
               
                   
                 CD294 
               
               
                   
                 CD298 
               
               
                   
                 CD299 
               
               
                   
                 CD2a 
               
               
                   
                 CD3 
               
               
                   
                 CD3/CD44 
               
               
                   
                 CD30 
               
               
                   
                 CD300 
               
               
                   
                 CD300a 
               
               
                   
                 CD300e 
               
               
                   
                 CD300f 
               
               
                   
                 CD301 
               
               
                   
                 CD303 
               
               
                   
                 CD303a 
               
               
                   
                 CD304 
               
               
                   
                 CD305 
               
               
                   
                 CD307d 
               
               
                   
                 CD309 
               
               
                   
                 CD31 
               
               
                   
                 CD310 
               
               
                   
                 CD312 
               
               
                   
                 CD314 
               
               
                   
                 CD314 (activating) 
               
               
                   
                 CD314 (blocking) 
               
               
                   
                 CD317 
               
               
                   
                 CD318 
               
               
                   
                 CD319 
               
               
                   
                 CD32 
               
               
                   
                 CD321 
               
               
                   
                 CD323 
               
               
                   
                 CD324 
               
               
                   
                 CD325 
               
               
                   
                 CD326 
               
               
                   
                 CD328 
               
               
                   
                 CD329 
               
               
                   
                 CD32B 
               
               
                   
                 CD33 
               
               
                   
                 CD334 
               
               
                   
                 CD335 
               
               
                   
                 CD336 
               
               
                   
                 CD337 
               
               
                   
                 CD338 
               
               
                   
                 CD339 
               
               
                   
                 CD34 
               
               
                   
                 CD340 
               
               
                   
                 CD344 
               
               
                   
                 CD349 
               
               
                   
                 CD35 
               
               
                   
                 CD351 
               
               
                   
                 CD354 
               
               
                   
                 CD357 
               
               
                   
                 CD358 
               
               
                   
                 CD36 
               
               
                   
                 CD360 
               
               
                   
                 CD361 
               
               
                   
                 CD36L1 
               
               
                   
                 CD37 
               
               
                   
                 CD38 
               
               
                   
                 CD39 
               
               
                   
                 CD39L4 
               
               
                   
                 CD3D 
               
               
                   
                 CD3G 
               
               
                   
                 CD3Î 3   
               
               
                   
                 CD3Î′ 
               
               
                   
                 CD3Îμ 
               
               
                   
                 CD3Îμ (CD3 Molecular Complex) 
               
               
                   
                 CD4 
               
               
                   
                 CD4 (domain 1) 
               
               
                   
                 CD4 (domain 2) 
               
               
                   
                 CD4 v4 
               
               
                   
                 CD40 
               
               
                   
                 CD40bp 
               
               
                   
                 CD41 
               
               
                   
                 CD41/CD61 
               
               
                   
                 CD41a 
               
               
                   
                 CD41b 
               
               
                   
                 CD42a 
               
               
                   
                 CD42b 
               
               
                   
                 CD42d 
               
               
                   
                 CD43 
               
               
                   
                 CD44 
               
               
                   
                 CD44 (v3) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44 (v4) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44 (v5) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44 (v6) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44 (v7) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44.2 
               
               
                   
                 CD44std 
               
               
                   
                 CD44v6 
               
               
                   
                 CD44var (v10) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44var (v3) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44var (v3-v10) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44var (v4) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44var (v5) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44var (v6) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44var (v7) 
               
               
                   
                 CD44var (v7-v8) 
               
               
                   
                 CD45 
               
               
                   
                 CD45.1 
               
               
                   
                 CD45.2 
               
               
                   
                 CD45R 
               
               
                   
                 CD45RA 
               
               
                   
                 CD45RB 
               
               
                   
                 CD45RC 
               
               
                   
                 CD45RO 
               
               
                   
                 CD46 
               
               
                   
                 CD47 
               
               
                   
                 CD48 
               
               
                   
                 CD49a 
               
               
                   
                 CD49a/CD29 
               
               
                   
                 CD49b 
               
               
                   
                 CD49b/CD29 
               
               
                   
                 CD49b/CD61 
               
               
                   
                 CD49c 
               
               
                   
                 CD49d 
               
               
                   
                 CD49d/CD29 
               
               
                   
                 CD49e 
               
               
                   
                 CD49e/CD29 
               
               
                   
                 CD49f 
               
               
                   
                 CD49f/CD29 
               
               
                   
                 CD4Î± 
               
               
                   
                 CD5 
               
               
                   
                 CD5.1 
               
               
                   
                 CD5.2 
               
               
                   
                 CD5.6 
               
               
                   
                 CD50 
               
               
                   
                 CD51 
               
               
                   
                 CD51/61 
               
               
                   
                 CD52 
               
               
                   
                 CD53 
               
               
                   
                 CD54 
               
               
                   
                 CD55 
               
               
                   
                 CD56 
               
               
                   
                 CD57 
               
               
                   
                 CD58 
               
               
                   
                 CD59 
               
               
                   
                 CD59a 
               
               
                   
                 CD6 
               
               
                   
                 CD60b 
               
               
                   
                 CD61 
               
               
                   
                 CD62E 
               
               
                   
                 CD62L 
               
               
                   
                 CD62P 
               
               
                   
                 CD63 
               
               
                   
                 CD64 
               
               
                   
                 CD64 a, b alloantigens 
               
               
                   
                 CD64.1 
               
               
                   
                 CD65 
               
               
                   
                 CD65s (CD65 sialylated) 
               
               
                   
                 CD66 
               
               
                   
                 CD66a 
               
               
                   
                 CD66a/b/c/e 
               
               
                   
                 CD66a/c/d 
               
               
                   
                 CD66a/c/d/e 
               
               
                   
                 CD66a/c/e 
               
               
                   
                 CD66a/e 
               
               
                   
                 CD66b 
               
               
                   
                 CD66c 
               
               
                   
                 CD66c/e 
               
               
                   
                 CD66e 
               
               
                   
                 CD66f 
               
               
                   
                 CD68 
               
               
                   
                 CD69 
               
               
                   
                 CD7 
               
               
                   
                 CD70 
               
               
                   
                 CD70b 
               
               
                   
                 CD71 
               
               
                   
                 CD72 
               
               
                   
                 CD72 a, b, c alloantigens 
               
               
                   
                 CD72 b, c alloantigens 
               
               
                   
                 CD72.1 
               
               
                   
                 CD73 
               
               
                   
                 CD74 
               
               
                   
                 CD75 
               
               
                   
                 CD77 
               
               
                   
                 CD78 
               
               
                   
                 CD79a 
               
               
                   
                 CD79b 
               
               
                   
                 CD8 
               
               
                   
                 CD80 
               
               
                   
                 CD81 
               
               
                   
                 CD82 
               
               
                   
                 CD83 
               
               
                   
                 CD84 
               
               
                   
                 CD85 
               
               
                   
                 CD85a 
               
               
                   
                 CD85d 
               
               
                   
                 CD85g 
               
               
                   
                 CD85h 
               
               
                   
                 CD85j 
               
               
                   
                 CD85k 
               
               
                   
                 CD86 
               
               
                   
                 CD87 
               
               
                   
                 CD88 
               
               
                   
                 CD89 
               
               
                   
                 CD8Î± 
               
               
                   
                 CD8Î ± .1 
               
               
                   
                 CD8Î ± .2 
               
               
                   
                 CD8Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 CD9 
               
               
                   
                 CD90.1 
               
               
                   
                 CD90.2 
               
               
                   
                 CD90.9 
               
               
                   
                 CD91 
               
               
                   
                 CD91Î± 
               
               
                   
                 CD91Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 CD93 
               
               
                   
                 CD94 
               
               
                   
                 CD95 
               
               
                   
                 CD96 
               
               
                   
                 CD97 
               
               
                   
                 CD98 
               
               
                   
                 CD98hc 
               
               
                   
                 CD99 
               
               
                   
                 CD99R 
               
               
                   
                 Cdc-123 
               
               
                   
                 Cdc-2 (p34) 
               
               
                   
                 Cdc-25A Phosph (Ser17) 
               
               
                   
                 Cdc-25C 
               
               
                   
                 Cdc-37 
               
               
                   
                 Cdc-45L 
               
               
                   
                 Cdc-6 
               
               
                   
                 CDc-7 
               
               
                   
                 Cdk1 
               
               
                   
                 Cdk2 
               
               
                   
                 Cdk4 
               
               
                   
                 Cdk5 
               
               
                   
                 Cdk6 
               
               
                   
                 Cdk7 
               
               
                   
                 Cdk9 
               
               
                   
                 CdkA1 
               
               
                   
                 CdkN2A 
               
               
                   
                 CdkN3 
               
               
                   
                 CDT1 
               
               
                   
                 CDX2 
               
               
                   
                 CEACAM19 
               
               
                   
                 CEACAM20 
               
               
                   
                 CEACAM7 
               
               
                   
                 CEBPÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 CEBPÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 CEND1 
               
               
                   
                 CENPA 
               
               
                   
                 CENPE 
               
               
                   
                 CENPF 
               
               
                   
                 CENPH 
               
               
                   
                 Centrin 2 
               
               
                   
                 CFAH 
               
               
                   
                 cFos 
               
               
                   
                 CFTR 
               
               
                   
                 CGB5 
               
               
                   
                 cGK1 
               
               
                   
                 CH2 
               
               
                   
                 CHCHD5 
               
               
                   
                 CHD3 
               
               
                   
                 CHD4 
               
               
                   
                 Chemerin 
               
               
                   
                 CHIPS, C-terminus 
               
               
                   
                 CHIPS, N-terminus 
               
               
                   
                 Chk1 
               
               
                   
                 Chk2 
               
               
                   
                 Chondroitin Sulfate 
               
               
                   
                 CHOP 
               
               
                   
                 Chromogranin C 
               
               
                   
                 ChT1 
               
               
                   
                 chTOG 
               
               
                   
                 cIAP1 
               
               
                   
                 cIAP2 
               
               
                   
                 CIAS1 
               
               
                   
                 CIDEA 
               
               
                   
                 CIP4 
               
               
                   
                 CISD1 
               
               
                   
                 CITED1 
               
               
                   
                 CITED2 
               
               
                   
                 cJun 
               
               
                   
                 cJun Phospho (Tyr91/Tyr93) 
               
               
                   
                 CKIIÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 CKMT2 
               
               
                   
                 CLASP1 
               
               
                   
                 Clathrin 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-1 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-10 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-15 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-16 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-18 (C-term) 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-18 (Mid) 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-4 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-5 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-8 
               
               
                   
                 CLAW-H 
               
               
                   
                 CLEC12A 
               
               
                   
                 CLEC1B 
               
               
                   
                 CLEC4A 
               
               
                   
                 CLEC4M 
               
               
                   
                 CLEC9A 
               
               
                   
                 CLIP 
               
               
                   
                 CLOCK 
               
               
                   
                   Clostridium botulinum  Toxin B 
               
               
                   
                 CLPP 
               
               
                   
                 cMaf 
               
               
                   
                 cMet 
               
               
                   
                 CMKLR1 
               
               
                   
                 CMRF44 
               
               
                   
                 CMRF56 
               
               
                   
                 cMyb 
               
               
                   
                 cMyc 
               
               
                   
                 CNDP2 
               
               
                   
                 CNTFRÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 COASY 
               
               
                   
                 Coatomer Î′ 
               
               
                   
                 Cofilin 
               
               
                   
                 Colec12 
               
               
                   
                 Collagen I 
               
               
                   
                 Collagen I/III 
               
               
                   
                 Collagen II 
               
               
                   
                 Collagen III 
               
               
                   
                 Collagen IV 
               
               
                   
                 Collagen V 
               
               
                   
                 Collagen VI 
               
               
                   
                 Collagen VII 
               
               
                   
                 COMMD1 
               
               
                   
                 Complement Factor B 
               
               
                   
                 Complex I Immunocapture 
               
               
                   
                 Conjugated Choline Glutaric acid 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 26 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 30 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 30.2 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 30.3 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 32 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 36 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 37 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 37 (C-term) 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 37 (Mid) 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 39 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 39 (Mid) 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 40 (C-term) 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 40 (Mid) 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 43 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 45 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 45 (C-term) 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 46 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 47 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 57 (C-term) 
               
               
                   
                 Connexin 57 (Mid) 
               
               
                   
                 Contactin 2 
               
               
                   
                 COPS3 
               
               
                   
                 Coronavirus 
               
               
                   
                 Coronin 1A 
               
               
                   
                 Coronin 1B 
               
               
                   
                 Cortactin 
               
               
                   
                 Cortical Thymocytes 
               
               
                   
                 COX I 
               
               
                   
                 COX I/III 
               
               
                   
                 COX II 
               
               
                   
                 COX IV 
               
               
                   
                 COX VA 
               
               
                   
                 COX VIA1 
               
               
                   
                 Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 CPF 
               
               
                   
                 CPI17Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Cpn10 
               
               
                   
                 CPO 
               
               
                   
                 CPS1 
               
               
                   
                 CPT2 
               
               
                   
                 CRABP1 
               
               
                   
                 CRABP2 
               
               
                   
                 CRALBP 
               
               
                   
                 Creatine Kinase BB 
               
               
                   
                 Creatine Kinase MM 
               
               
                   
                 CREB 
               
               
                   
                 CREB Phospho (Ser133) 
               
               
                   
                 cRel 
               
               
                   
                 Cripto1 
               
               
                   
                 CRISP3 
               
               
                   
                 Crk p38 
               
               
                   
                 CrkL 
               
               
                   
                 CrkL (pY207) 
               
               
                   
                 CROT 
               
               
                   
                 CRRY 
               
               
                   
                 CRTAM 
               
               
                   
                 CRTC3 
               
               
                   
                 CRY2 
               
               
                   
                 Cryptochrome I 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Cryptosporidium 
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Cryptosporidium Parvum 
                 
               
               
                   
                 CRYZL1 
               
               
                   
                 CSK 
               
               
                   
                 CSK Binding Protein 
               
               
                   
                 CSPS 
               
               
                   
                 cSrc 
               
               
                   
                 CST2 
               
               
                   
                 CTDSP1 
               
               
                   
                 CTNNA3 
               
               
                   
                 CTNNBL1 
               
               
                   
                 Cullin 1 
               
               
                   
                 Cullin 2 
               
               
                   
                 Cullin 3 
               
               
                   
                 Cullin 4A 
               
               
                   
                 Cullin 4A/B 
               
               
                   
                 Cullin 4B 
               
               
                   
                 Cutaneous Lymphocyte Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 CUTL1 
               
               
                   
                 CX3CL1 
               
               
                   
                 CX3CR1 
               
               
                   
                 CXCL1 
               
               
                   
                 CXCL10 
               
               
                   
                 CXCL12Î± 
               
               
                   
                 CXCL12Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 CXCL13 
               
               
                   
                 CXCL9 
               
               
                   
                 CXCR7 
               
               
                   
                 CXorf26 
               
               
                   
                 Cyanine 
               
               
                   
                 CYB5R2 
               
               
                   
                 CYB5R3 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin A 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin A2 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin B1 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin B2 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin D1 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin D2 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin D3 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin E 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin E2 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin H 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclins D1/D2/D3 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclophilin 40 
               
               
                   
                 CYLD 
               
               
                   
                 CysLT1 
               
               
                   
                 Cystatin C 
               
               
                   
                 Cystatin S 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome B245 heavy chain 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome B245 light chain 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome c 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome P450 17A1 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome P450 19A1 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome P450 1A2 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome P450 2A6 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome P450 2B6 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome P450 2C9 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome P450 2J2 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome P450 3A4 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome P450 3A5 
               
               
                   
                 Cytochrome P450 Reductase 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin (acidic) 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin (basic) 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin (Pan-reactive) 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 1 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 10 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 10/13 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 13 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 14 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 14/15/16/19 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 15 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 16 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 17 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 18 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 19 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 2 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 20 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 4 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 4/5/6/8/10/13/18 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 40 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 5 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 5/6/18 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 5/8 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 6 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 6a 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 7 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 7/17 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 8 
               
               
                   
                 Cytokeratin 8/18/19 
               
               
                   
                 D4-GDI 
               
               
                   
                 DAB2 
               
               
                   
                 DACH1 
               
               
                   
                 DAND5 
               
               
                   
                 DAP1 
               
               
                   
                 DAP12 
               
               
                   
                 DAPK1 
               
               
                   
                 DAPK2 
               
               
                   
                 DARPP32 
               
               
                   
                 Daxx 
               
               
                   
                 DAZL 
               
               
                   
                 DBC1 
               
               
                   
                 DCAMKL1 
               
               
                   
                 DCC 
               
               
                   
                 DCIR2 
               
               
                   
                 DCLRE1B 
               
               
                   
                 DCP1a 
               
               
                   
                 DcR3 
               
               
                   
                 DCTN2 
               
               
                   
                 DcTRAIL-R1 
               
               
                   
                 DcTRAIL-R2 
               
               
                   
                 DCXR 
               
               
                   
                 DDB1 
               
               
                   
                 DDDDK tag 
               
               
                   
                 DDX3 
               
               
                   
                 DDX4 
               
               
                   
                 DDX50 
               
               
                   
                 DECR1 
               
               
                   
                 Dectin1 
               
               
                   
                 Dectin2 
               
               
                   
                 DEF8 
               
               
                   
                 Defensin Î ± 1 
               
               
                   
                 DELETE 
               
               
                   
                 delta 1 Catenin 
               
               
                   
                 Delta like protein 1 
               
               
                   
                 Delta like protein 4 
               
               
                   
                 Delta Opioid Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 DeltaC 
               
               
                   
                 DeltaD 
               
               
                   
                 Dendritic Cell Marker 
               
               
                   
                 Deoxycytidine kinase 
               
               
                   
                 Desmin 
               
               
                   
                 Desmoglein 2 
               
               
                   
                 Desmoglein1 
               
               
                   
                 Desmoplakin 
               
               
                   
                 Destrin 
               
               
                   
                 Dextran 
               
               
                   
                 DGKA 
               
               
                   
                 Dicer 
               
               
                   
                 DISC1 (C-term) 
               
               
                   
                 DISC1 (Mid) 
               
               
                   
                 Dishevelled 3 
               
               
                   
                 Disialoganglioside GD2 
               
               
                   
                 Disialoganglioside GD3 
               
               
                   
                 Dkk1 
               
               
                   
                 Dkk3 
               
               
                   
                 DLC8 
               
               
                   
                 DLK1 
               
               
                   
                 Dlx5 
               
               
                   
                 DM-GRASP 
               
               
                   
                 DMT1 
               
               
                   
                 DNA-PKcs 
               
               
                   
                 DNA-PKcs Phospho (Thr2609) 
               
               
                   
                 DNAI1 
               
               
                   
                 DNAJA2 
               
               
                   
                 DNAJB2 
               
               
                   
                 DNAJC3 
               
               
                   
                 DNAPK 
               
               
                   
                 DNM1L 
               
               
                   
                 Dnmt1 
               
               
                   
                 Dnmt3b 
               
               
                   
                 DNP 
               
               
                   
                 DOK2 
               
               
                   
                 DOK7 
               
               
                   
                 Dopamine Receptor D1 
               
               
                   
                 Dopamine Receptor D3 
               
               
                   
                 Dopamine Receptor D5 
               
               
                   
                 Dopamine Î 2  Hydroxylase 
               
               
                   
                 Doublecortin 
               
               
                   
                 DP1 
               
               
                   
                 DPH2 
               
               
                   
                 DPP10 
               
               
                   
                 DPP3 
               
               
                   
                 DPP9 
               
               
                   
                 Dppa4 
               
               
                   
                 DPYD 
               
               
                   
                 DR3 
               
               
                   
                 DRAK1 
               
               
                   
                 DRAK2 
               
               
                   
                 Drebrin 
               
               
                   
                 DTYMK 
               
               
                   
                 DUSP23 
               
               
                   
                 DUSP27 
               
               
                   
                 DUSP3 
               
               
                   
                 DUSP5 
               
               
                   
                 DUSP6 
               
               
                   
                 DUX4 
               
               
                   
                 DYKDDDDK Epitope Tag 
               
               
                   
                 Dynamin 
               
               
                   
                 Dynamin1 
               
               
                   
                 Dynamitin 
               
               
                   
                 Dynein light chain 2 
               
               
                   
                 Dysbindin 
               
               
                   
                 Dysferlin 
               
               
                   
                 Dystrobrevin Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Dystrobrevin Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 Dystroglycan Phospho (Tyr893) 
               
               
                   
                   E. Coli  O/E 
               
               
                   
                 E2A-Pbx1 
               
               
                   
                 E2F1 
               
               
                   
                 E47 
               
               
                   
                 E4BP4 
               
               
                   
                 Ea52-68 peptide bound to I-A 
               
               
                   
                 Ea52-68 peptide bound to the I-A 
               
               
                   
                 EAAT1 
               
               
                   
                 Early B Lineage 
               
               
                   
                 EBF1 
               
               
                   
                 EBI3 
               
               
                   
                 EBP50 
               
               
                   
                 ECGF1 
               
               
                   
                 ECH1 
               
               
                   
                 ECRG4 
               
               
                   
                 EDA 
               
               
                   
                 EDA-A2R 
               
               
                   
                 EDG1 
               
               
                   
                 EDG2 
               
               
                   
                 EDG3 
               
               
                   
                 EDG6 
               
               
                   
                 EEA1 
               
               
                   
                 EEF1G 
               
               
                   
                 EEF2 
               
               
                   
                 EEF2K 
               
               
                   
                 EEN 
               
               
                   
                 EFEMP1 
               
               
                   
                 EFEMP2 
               
               
                   
                 Eg5 
               
               
                   
                 Eg5 Phospho (Thr927) 
               
               
                   
                 EGF 
               
               
                   
                 EGF Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 EGF Receptor (pY1173) 
               
               
                   
                 EGF Receptor (pY845) 
               
               
                   
                 EGF Receptor (pY992) 
               
               
                   
                 EGR1 
               
               
                   
                 EGR2 
               
               
                   
                 EHD1 
               
               
                   
                 eIF1 
               
               
                   
                 eIF2C2 
               
               
                   
                 EIF2S1 
               
               
                   
                 eIF2Î 3   
               
               
                   
                 eIF3 
               
               
                   
                 eIF3D 
               
               
                   
                 eIF3D (p66) 
               
               
                   
                 eIF3F 
               
               
                   
                 eIF3G 
               
               
                   
                 eIF3H (p40) 
               
               
                   
                 eIF3I (p36) 
               
               
                   
                 eIF3J 
               
               
                   
                 eIF3K 
               
               
                   
                 eIF4B 
               
               
                   
                 eiF4E 
               
               
                   
                 eIF4E (pS209) 
               
               
                   
                 eIF4E2 
               
               
                   
                 eIF5A 
               
               
                   
                 eIF6 
               
               
                   
                 Elastase 
               
               
                   
                 Elk1 
               
               
                   
                 Elk1 (pS383) 
               
               
                   
                 ELK3 
               
               
                   
                 Elongin B 
               
               
                   
                 Elongin C 
               
               
                   
                 EMAP II 
               
               
                   
                 Embigin 
               
               
                   
                 EMG1 
               
               
                   
                 Emi1 
               
               
                   
                 EMR3 
               
               
                   
                 EMSY 
               
               
                   
                 Ena/Vasp-like 
               
               
                   
                 EndoG 
               
               
                   
                 EndoGlyx-1 
               
               
                   
                 Endomucin 
               
               
                   
                 Endothelial Cells 
               
               
                   
                 Endothelial Lipase 
               
               
                   
                 Endothelial Venule Marker 
               
               
                   
                 Endothelium 
               
               
                   
                 Engrailed1 
               
               
                   
                 ENO1 
               
               
                   
                 Enolase1 
               
               
                   
                 eNOS 
               
               
                   
                 eNOS (pS1177) 
               
               
                   
                 Entpd2 
               
               
                   
                 Eomes 
               
               
                   
                 Eos 
               
               
                   
                 Epac1 
               
               
                   
                 Eph Receptor A1 
               
               
                   
                 Eph Receptor A2 
               
               
                   
                 Eph Receptor A4 
               
               
                   
                 Eph Receptor B4 
               
               
                   
                 Eph Receptor B6 
               
               
                   
                 Ephrin A2 
               
               
                   
                 Ephrin A3 
               
               
                   
                 EPHX2 
               
               
                   
                 EPM2AIP1 
               
               
                   
                 EPOR 
               
               
                   
                 EPS15R 
               
               
                   
                 Epsin 1 
               
               
                   
                 Epsin 2 
               
               
                   
                 ER-HR3 
               
               
                   
                 ER-MP54 
               
               
                   
                 ER-TR7 
               
               
                   
                 ER81 
               
               
                   
                 ERAB 
               
               
                   
                 ERCC1 
               
               
                   
                 ERG 
               
               
                   
                 ERK1 
               
               
                   
                 ERK1/2 (pT185/pY187) 
               
               
                   
                 ERK1/2 (pT202/pY204) 
               
               
                   
                 ERK1/ERK2 
               
               
                   
                 ERK2 
               
               
                   
                 ERK5 
               
               
                   
                 ERMAP 
               
               
                   
                 ERp29 
               
               
                   
                 ERp72 
               
               
                   
                 Erythroid Cells 
               
               
                   
                 Erzin/Radixin/Moesin 
               
               
                   
                 ERÎ ± Phospho(Ser167) 
               
               
                   
                 ESAM 
               
               
                   
                 Estrogen Inducible Protein pS2 
               
               
                   
                 Estrogen Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Estrogen Receptor Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Estrogen Receptor Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 Estrogen Related Receptor alpha 
               
               
                   
                 ETAR 
               
               
                   
                 Ethenoadenosine 
               
               
                   
                 ETS1 
               
               
                   
                 EVI2A 
               
               
                   
                 EVI2B 
               
               
                   
                 EWSR1 
               
               
                   
                 EXD1 
               
               
                   
                 EXOSC3 
               
               
                   
                 EXOSC7 
               
               
                   
                 EYA2 
               
               
                   
                 EZH1/2 
               
               
                   
                 Ezrin 
               
               
                   
                 Ezrin (pY353) 
               
               
                   
                 F-actin 
               
               
                   
                 F10A1 
               
               
                   
                 F4/80 
               
               
                   
                 FAA4 
               
               
                   
                 FABP4 
               
               
                   
                 Factor I 
               
               
                   
                 Factor IX 
               
               
                   
                 Factor VIII.vWF (delete) 
               
               
                   
                 Factor XIIIa 
               
               
                   
                 FADD 
               
               
                   
                 FAHD2A 
               
               
                   
                 FAK 
               
               
                   
                 FAK (pS910) 
               
               
                   
                 FAM119A 
               
               
                   
                 FAM175A 
               
               
                   
                 FAM84B 
               
               
                   
                 FAM91A1 
               
               
                   
                 FANCC 
               
               
                   
                 FANCD2 
               
               
                   
                 Fanconi anemia D2 Phospho (Ser222) 
               
               
                   
                 FAP 
               
               
                   
                 Fascin 
               
               
                   
                 FBP1 
               
               
                   
                 FBXO21 
               
               
                   
                 FBXO31 
               
               
                   
                 FBXO42 
               
               
                   
                 FBXO43 
               
               
                   
                 Fc Receptor Binding Inhibitor 
               
               
                   
                 Fc receptor IgA + IgM 
               
               
                   
                 FcR 
               
               
                   
                 FcRL6 
               
               
                   
                 FcRLA 
               
               
                   
                 FcÎμRI 
               
               
                   
                 FDC 
               
               
                   
                 FDFT1 
               
               
                   
                 FDPS 
               
               
                   
                 FE65 
               
               
                   
                 FeLV p27 
               
               
                   
                 FEN1 
               
               
                   
                 FER 
               
               
                   
                 Ferritin Heavy Chain 
               
               
                   
                 Ferritin Light Chain 
               
               
                   
                 Ferritin, mitochondrial 
               
               
                   
                 FES 
               
               
                   
                 Fetal Hemoglobin 
               
               
                   
                 FGF acidic 
               
               
                   
                 FGF basic 
               
               
                   
                 FGF21 
               
               
                   
                 FGFR1 
               
               
                   
                 FGFR2 
               
               
                   
                 FGR 
               
               
                   
                 FH 
               
               
                   
                 FHL1 
               
               
                   
                 Fibrillarin 
               
               
                   
                 Fibrillin 
               
               
                   
                 Fibrinogen 
               
               
                   
                 Fibrinogen Î ± chain 
               
               
                   
                 Fibrinogen Î 3  chain 
               
               
                   
                 Fibrinopeptide A 
               
               
                   
                 Fibrinopeptide B 
               
               
                   
                 Fibroblast activation protein Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Fibroblast Surface Protein 
               
               
                   
                 Fibroblasts/Epithelial cells 
               
               
                   
                 Fibronectin 
               
               
                   
                 Fibronectin Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Fibulin5 
               
               
                   
                 Ficolin B 
               
               
                   
                 Filaggrin 
               
               
                   
                 Filamin A 
               
               
                   
                 FITC 
               
               
                   
                 FITC/Oregon Green 
               
               
                   
                 FIV 
               
               
                   
                 FIV gp120 
               
               
                   
                 FIV gp95 
               
               
                   
                 FIV p24 
               
               
                   
                 FIV p24 gag 
               
               
                   
                 FKBP12 
               
               
                   
                 FKBP4 
               
               
                   
                 FKBP6 
               
               
                   
                 FKBPL 
               
               
                   
                 FLiC 
               
               
                   
                 Flightless1 
               
               
                   
                 FLIP 
               
               
                   
                 Flt3L 
               
               
                   
                 Fluorescent Protein 
               
               
                   
                 FLV gp70 
               
               
                   
                 FLYWCH2 
               
               
                   
                 FMC7 
               
               
                   
                 fMLP Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 FMRP 
               
               
                   
                 FNTA 
               
               
                   
                 FNTB 
               
               
                   
                 Follicular Dendritic Cells 
               
               
                   
                 Fos 
               
               
                   
                 FOXA1 
               
               
                   
                 FOXA2 
               
               
                   
                 FOXC2 
               
               
                   
                 FOXD3 
               
               
                   
                 FOXI1 
               
               
                   
                 FOXJ1 
               
               
                   
                 FOXM1 
               
               
                   
                 FOXO1 
               
               
                   
                 FOXO3A 
               
               
                   
                 FOXP1 
               
               
                   
                 FOXP3 
               
               
                   
                 FPRL1 
               
               
                   
                 FR4 
               
               
                   
                 Fra2 
               
               
                   
                 Fragilis 
               
               
                   
                 FRAT1 
               
               
                   
                 Frataxin 
               
               
                   
                 Frequenin 
               
               
                   
                 Frizzled-1 
               
               
                   
                 FSHÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 FSHÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 FUK 
               
               
                   
                 FUS 
               
               
                   
                 FXYD3 
               
               
                   
                 FYB 
               
               
                   
                 Fyn 
               
               
                   
                 Fyn (pY528)/c-Src (pY530) 
               
               
                   
                 Fyn-Related Kinase 
               
               
                   
                 FZR1 
               
               
                   
                 G-CSF 
               
               
                   
                 G3BP 
               
               
                   
                 G6PD 
               
               
                   
                 GAB1 
               
               
                   
                 GAB2 
               
               
                   
                 GABA B Receptor 2 
               
               
                   
                 GABARAP 
               
               
                   
                 GAD65 
               
               
                   
                 GAD67 
               
               
                   
                 GADD34 
               
               
                   
                 Galacto-cerebroside 
               
               
                   
                 Galactocerebroside 
               
               
                   
                 Galectin 1 
               
               
                   
                 Galectin 10 
               
               
                   
                 Galectin 3 
               
               
                   
                 Galectin 4 
               
               
                   
                 Galectin 7 
               
               
                   
                 Galectin 8 
               
               
                   
                 Galectin 9 
               
               
                   
                 gamma Synuclein 
               
               
                   
                 Ganglioside GD2 
               
               
                   
                 Ganglioside GD3 
               
               
                   
                 Ganglioside GM1 
               
               
                   
                 Gankyrin 
               
               
                   
                 GAP 
               
               
                   
                 GAP43 
               
               
                   
                 GAPDH 
               
               
                   
                 GARP 
               
               
                   
                 GAS2 
               
               
                   
                 GAS7 
               
               
                   
                 GAT2 
               
               
                   
                 GATA1 
               
               
                   
                 GATA2 
               
               
                   
                 GATA3 
               
               
                   
                 GATA4 
               
               
                   
                 GATM 
               
               
                   
                 GBA3 
               
               
                   
                 GBE1 
               
               
                   
                 GBP1 
               
               
                   
                 GBP2 
               
               
                   
                 GBP5 
               
               
                   
                 GC1qR 
               
               
                   
                 GCDFP15 
               
               
                   
                 GCDH 
               
               
                   
                 GCK1 
               
               
                   
                 GCLM 
               
               
                   
                 GCN2 
               
               
                   
                 GCN5 
               
               
                   
                 GCTM2 
               
               
                   
                 GDAP1L1 
               
               
                   
                 GDF15 
               
               
                   
                 Gelsolin 
               
               
                   
                 Gemin1 
               
               
                   
                 Gephyrin 
               
               
                   
                 GFAP 
               
               
                   
                 GFP 
               
               
                   
                 GILZ 
               
               
                   
                 GIMAP4 
               
               
                   
                 GIPR 
               
               
                   
                 GIT2 
               
               
                   
                 GITRL 
               
               
                   
                 GLAST 
               
               
                   
                 Gli1 
               
               
                   
                 Glial Fibrilary Acidic Protein 
               
               
                   
                 Glicentin 
               
               
                   
                 GLIPR1L1 
               
               
                   
                 Glucagon 
               
               
                   
                 Glucocorticoid Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Glucocorticoid Receptor alpha 
               
               
                   
                 Glucose 1 Dehydrogenase 
               
               
                   
                 Glucose 6 Phosphate Isomerase 
               
               
                   
                 GLUH1 
               
               
                   
                 GLUT1 
               
               
                   
                 GLUT2 
               
               
                   
                 GLUT4 
               
               
                   
                 GLUT5 
               
               
                   
                 Glutamate receptor 2 
               
               
                   
                 Glutamate receptor 2/3 
               
               
                   
                 Glutamate receptor 3 
               
               
                   
                 Glutamate receptor 4 
               
               
                   
                 Glutaminase 
               
               
                   
                 Glutamine Synthetase 
               
               
                   
                 Glutaredoxin 2 
               
               
                   
                 Glutathione NEM 
               
               
                   
                 Glutathione NEW 
               
               
                   
                 Glutathione Peroxidase 1 
               
               
                   
                 Glutathione Peroxidase 4 
               
               
                   
                 Glutathione Reductase 
               
               
                   
                 Glutathione S Transferase Î, 2 
               
               
                   
                 Glutathione S Transferase Î°1 
               
               
                   
                 Glutathione S Transferase Î¼ 
               
               
                   
                 Glutathione Synthetase 
               
               
                   
                 Glycogen synthase 1 
               
               
                   
                 Glycoprotein IX 
               
               
                   
                 Glycoprotein VI 
               
               
                   
                 GM-CSF 
               
               
                   
                 GM130 
               
               
                   
                 GM3.2 
               
               
                   
                 GNB2 
               
               
                   
                 GNB2L1 
               
               
                   
                 GNLY 
               
               
                   
                 GNMT 
               
               
                   
                 GnRHR 
               
               
                   
                 Golgi Protein (58K) 
               
               
                   
                 Golgi Zone 
               
               
                   
                 GOLM1 
               
               
                   
                 GOLPH2 
               
               
                   
                 GOSR1 
               
               
                   
                 gp340 
               
               
                   
                 gp49R 
               
               
                   
                 GPA33 
               
               
                   
                 GPCR5C 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-120 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-143 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-151 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-18 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-30 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-40 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-48 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-49 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-50 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-56 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-73A 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-73B 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-77 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-83 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-86 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-C5C 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-C5D 
               
               
                   
                 Granulin 
               
               
                   
                 Granulysin 
               
               
                   
                 Granzyme A 
               
               
                   
                 Granzyme B 
               
               
                   
                 Granzyme K 
               
               
                   
                 GRAP2 
               
               
                   
                 GRASP1 
               
               
                   
                 GRASP65 
               
               
                   
                 GRB2 
               
               
                   
                 GRB7 
               
               
                   
                 GRHPR 
               
               
                   
                 GRIM19 
               
               
                   
                 GRK1 
               
               
                   
                 GRK2 
               
               
                   
                 GRK3 
               
               
                   
                 GRK5 
               
               
                   
                 GRK6 
               
               
                   
                 Growth hormone receptor 
               
               
                   
                 GRP170 
               
               
                   
                 GRP94 
               
               
                   
                 GSC 
               
               
                   
                 GSK3Î± 
               
               
                   
                 GSK3Î±/Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 GSK3Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 GSPT2 
               
               
                   
                 GST 
               
               
                   
                 GST Epitope Tag 
               
               
                   
                 GSTA4 
               
               
                   
                 GTF2D1 
               
               
                   
                 GTPase HRAS 
               
               
                   
                 GTPBP4 
               
               
                   
                 Guanylate kinase 
               
               
                   
                 H-2 
               
               
                   
                 H-2.m31 
               
               
                   
                 H-2Db 
               
               
                   
                 H-2Dd 
               
               
                   
                 H-2Kd 
               
               
                   
                 H2-M 
               
               
                   
                 H2-M3 
               
               
                   
                 H2A.X 
               
               
                   
                 H2A.X Phospho (Ser139) 
               
               
                   
                 H2A1J 
               
               
                   
                 H60 
               
               
                   
                 HA tag 
               
               
                   
                 HADHA 
               
               
                   
                 HADHA/HADHB 
               
               
                   
                 HADHB 
               
               
                   
                 HADHSC 
               
               
                   
                 HAND1 
               
               
                   
                 HAO1 
               
               
                   
                 Haptoglobin 
               
               
                   
                 HARS 
               
               
                   
                 HARS2 
               
               
                   
                 HBF 
               
               
                   
                 hCGÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 hCGÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 hCGÎ 2 4 
               
               
                   
                 HCN4 
               
               
                   
                 HDAC1 
               
               
                   
                 HDAC10 
               
               
                   
                 HDAC2 
               
               
                   
                 HDAC3 
               
               
                   
                 HDAC4 
               
               
                   
                 HDAC6 
               
               
                   
                 HDAC9 
               
               
                   
                 HDHD1A 
               
               
                   
                 HDHD2 
               
               
                   
                 HDJ2 
               
               
                   
                 HDLBP 
               
               
                   
                 HE4 
               
               
                   
                 HEC1 
               
               
                   
                 HEF1 
               
               
                   
                 Helios 
               
               
                   
                 Hematopoiesis related Macrophage 
               
               
                   
                 Hematopoietic Lineage Cocktail 
               
               
                   
                 Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell 
               
               
                   
                 Hemoglobin 
               
               
                   
                 Hemoglobin F 
               
               
                   
                 Hemoglobin subunit Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Hepatitis B Virus 
               
               
                   
                 Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Hepatitis B Virus E Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen (Ad/Ay) 
               
               
                   
                 Hepatitis C Virus 
               
               
                   
                 Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Hepatitis C Virus NS4 
               
               
                   
                 Hepsin 
               
               
                   
                 HER3 
               
               
                   
                 HER4 
               
               
                   
                 Hes1 
               
               
                   
                 Hexokinase 
               
               
                   
                 Hexokinase1 
               
               
                   
                 Hexokinase2 
               
               
                   
                 HFE1 
               
               
                   
                 HGF 
               
               
                   
                 HGFA Inhibitor 1 
               
               
                   
                 HHEX 
               
               
                   
                 HHV8 GPCR 
               
               
                   
                 HIBCH 
               
               
                   
                 HID1 
               
               
                   
                 HIF-1Î± 
               
               
                   
                 HIF-2Î± 
               
               
                   
                 HIF1AN 
               
               
                   
                 HINT1 
               
               
                   
                 HIP2 
               
               
                   
                 HIPK2 
               
               
                   
                 Hippocalcin 
               
               
                   
                 Histamine H3 Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Histocytes 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H1 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H1.0 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H2A 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H2B 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H2B type 1B 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H3 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H3 Phospho (Ser10) 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H3 Phospho (Ser28) 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H3.3 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H4 
               
               
                   
                 HIV1 Core Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 HIV1 p17 
               
               
                   
                 HIV1 p24 
               
               
                   
                 HIV1 p55/p17 
               
               
                   
                 HIV1 tat 
               
               
                   
                 HL60 
               
               
                   
                 HLA Class I 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-2Kb/2Db 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-2kb/2Dd 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A/B/C 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A1/A11/A26 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A1/A36 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A10/A11 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A10/A28/B75 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A10/B62/B71 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A11 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A2 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A2/A25/A32 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A2/A28 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A2/A3/A29 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A2/A69 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A2/B17 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A2/B5 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A2/B57 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A23/A24 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A24/A11/A2403 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A25 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A25/A26 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A25/A26/A34 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A25/A32 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A26/A34/B71/B62 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A29 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A3 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A30/A31 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A33/B8 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A34/B71/A26 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A9 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A9/A25/A32 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-A9/A32/B13 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B12 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B13/B62/B15 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B14 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B17 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B17/B35/B44 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B21/B70/B55 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B27/B44/B47 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B35/B57/B75/B77 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B44/B75/B17 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B48/B60 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B5/B49/B56 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B7 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B8 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B8/B14 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-BC 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-Bw4/A9/A32 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-Bw6 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-Bw6/B77 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-class I free chain 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-D 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DM 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DO 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DP 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DQ 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DQ/DR 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DQ1/DQ3 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DQ1/DR7 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DQ3 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DQ6 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DQ7 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DQA1 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DQB1 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DQw1 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DR 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DR/DP 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DR/DP/DQ 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DR1 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DR11 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DR3/DR6 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DR4 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DR7 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DR7/DRÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DR8/DR12 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DR9 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DRA 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DRÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 HLA-DRÎ 2 3 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-E 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-G 
               
               
                   
                 HLCS 
               
               
                   
                 HLF 
               
               
                   
                 HLXB9 
               
               
                   
                 HMG14 
               
               
                   
                 HMG17 
               
               
                   
                 HMG4 
               
               
                   
                 HMGB1 
               
               
                   
                 HMGB2 
               
               
                   
                 HMOX1 
               
               
                   
                 HMOX2 
               
               
                   
                 HNF4Î± 
               
               
                   
                 hnRNPA1 
               
               
                   
                 hnRNPC1/C2 
               
               
                   
                 hnRNPD 
               
               
                   
                 hnRNPK 
               
               
                   
                 hnRNPL 
               
               
                   
                 hnRNPU 
               
               
                   
                 hnRNPUL1 
               
               
                   
                 Homing Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 HOXB4 
               
               
                   
                 HOXB5 
               
               
                   
                 HP1Î± 
               
               
                   
                 HPa1 
               
               
                   
                 HPa2 
               
               
                   
                 HPD 
               
               
                   
                 HPd1 
               
               
                   
                 HPd2 
               
               
                   
                 HPi1 
               
               
                   
                 HPi2 
               
               
                   
                 HPi3 
               
               
                   
                 HPi4 
               
               
                   
                 HPR1 
               
               
                   
                 HPRT1 
               
               
                   
                 HPV16 E1/E4 
               
               
                   
                 HPx1 
               
               
                   
                 HPx2 
               
               
                   
                 Hrk 
               
               
                   
                 Hsc70 
               
               
                   
                 HSD17B1 
               
               
                   
                 HSD3B1 
               
               
                   
                 HSF1 
               
               
                   
                 HSF2 
               
               
                   
                 HSF4 
               
               
                   
                 HSL 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp105 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp14 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp22 
               
               
                   
                 HSP25 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp27 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp40 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp47 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp60 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp70 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp70-2 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp90 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp90Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp90Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 HspA4 
               
               
                   
                 HspA6 
               
               
                   
                 HSPA9 
               
               
                   
                 HspB2 
               
               
                   
                 HspB7 
               
               
                   
                 HSV tag 
               
               
                   
                 HTLV I gp46 
               
               
                   
                 HTLV I p19 
               
               
                   
                 HtrA2/Omi 
               
               
                   
                 Human Papillomavirus 16 (E7) 
               
               
                   
                 Huntingtin 
               
               
                   
                 HUS1 
               
               
                   
                 Hydrogen Potassium ATPase I 2   
               
               
                   
                 I-Ak (AÎ ± k) 
               
               
                   
                 I-Ak (AÎ 2 k) 
               
               
                   
                 Ia (B cells) 
               
               
                   
                 IBA1 
               
               
                   
                 IBP2 
               
               
                   
                 ICAD 
               
               
                   
                 IDO 
               
               
                   
                 IFABP 
               
               
                   
                 IFN-Î± 
               
               
                   
                 IFN-Î ± 1 
               
               
                   
                 IFN-Î ± 2Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 IFN-Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 IFN-Î 3   
               
               
                   
                 IFN-Î 3 RÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 IFN-Î © 
               
               
                   
                 IFNA1 
               
               
                   
                 IFNAR1 
               
               
                   
                 IFT88 
               
               
                   
                 Ig 
               
               
                   
                 Ig (polyspecific) 
               
               
                   
                 Ig light chain Î° 
               
               
                   
                 Ig light chain Î    
               
               
                   
                 Ig light chain Î    1, Î    2, Î    3 
               
               
                   
                 IgA 
               
               
                   
                 IgA (Fab2) 
               
               
                   
                 IgA (H) 
               
               
                   
                 IgA, Î° 
               
               
                   
                 IgA, Î    
               
               
                   
                 IgA1 
               
               
                   
                 IgA2 
               
               
                   
                 IgD 
               
               
                   
                 IgD (Î′ heavy chain) 
               
               
                   
                 IgDa 
               
               
                   
                 IgDb 
               
               
                   
                 IgE 
               
               
                   
                 IgE, Î° 
               
               
                   
                 IgEa 
               
               
                   
                 IgEb 
               
               
                   
                 IgG 
               
               
                   
                 IgG (Fab H/L) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG (Fab) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG (Fab2 Fc) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG (Fab2 H/L) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG (Fab2) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG (Fc) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG (H/L) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG (Î 3  chain specific) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG Fd 
               
               
                   
                 IgG light chain 
               
               
                   
                 IgG, Î° 
               
               
                   
                 IgG/IgM 
               
               
                   
                 IgG/IgM/IgA 
               
               
                   
                 IgG/IgM/IgA (Fab2 H/L) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG/IgM/IgA (Fab2) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG/IgM/IgA (H/L) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG/IgY 
               
               
                   
                 IgG1 
               
               
                   
                 IgG1 (heavy chain) 
               
               
                   
                 IgG1, Î° 
               
               
                   
                 IgG1, Î    
               
               
                   
                 IgG1/2a 
               
               
                   
                 IgG1/3 
               
               
                   
                 IgG1a 
               
               
                   
                 IgG1b 
               
               
                   
                 IgG2 
               
               
                   
                 IgG2, Î° 
               
               
                   
                 IgG2, Î    
               
               
                   
                 IgG2/3 
               
               
                   
                 IgG2a 
               
               
                   
                 IgG2a, Î° 
               
               
                   
                 IgG2a, Î    
               
               
                   
                 IgG2a/b 
               
               
                   
                 IgG2b 
               
               
                   
                 IgG2b, Î° 
               
               
                   
                 IgG2c 
               
               
                   
                 IgG2c, Î° 
               
               
                   
                 IgG3 
               
               
                   
                 IgG3, Î° 
               
               
                   
                 IgG3, Î    
               
               
                   
                 IgG4 
               
               
                   
                 IgGDa 
               
               
                   
                 IgK 
               
               
                   
                 IGKC 
               
               
                   
                 IgL 
               
               
                   
                 IGLC2 
               
               
                   
                 IgM 
               
               
                   
                 IgM (Fab2) 
               
               
                   
                 IgM (Fc) 
               
               
                   
                 IgM (H/L) 
               
               
                   
                 IgM, Î° 
               
               
                   
                 IgM, Î    
               
               
                   
                 IgMa 
               
               
                   
                 IgMb 
               
               
                   
                 IgY 
               
               
                   
                 Igâ     ™s 
               
               
                   
                 Ihh 
               
               
                   
                 Ikaros 
               
               
                   
                 IkBÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 IkBÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 IkBÎ¶ 
               
               
                   
                 IKKÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 IKKÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 IKKÎ 3  p(S376) 
               
               
                   
                 IKKÎμ 
               
               
                   
                 IL-10 
               
               
                   
                 IL-11RÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 IL-12 
               
               
                   
                 IL-12 (p35) 
               
               
                   
                 IL-12 (p70) 
               
               
                   
                 IL-12 RÎ 2 1 
               
               
                   
                 IL-12 RÎ 2 2 
               
               
                   
                 IL-12/IL-23 (p40) 
               
               
                   
                 IL-13 
               
               
                   
                 IL-15 
               
               
                   
                 IL-15/IL-15R 
               
               
                   
                 IL-15RÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 IL-16 
               
               
                   
                 IL-17D 
               
               
                   
                 IL-17A 
               
               
                   
                 IL-17A/F 
               
               
                   
                 IL-17B 
               
               
                   
                 IL-17C 
               
               
                   
                 IL-17E 
               
               
                   
                 IL-17F 
               
               
                   
                 IL-18 
               
               
                   
                 IL-18BP 
               
               
                   
                 IL-19 
               
               
                   
                 IL-1RA 
               
               
                   
                 IL-1RN 
               
               
                   
                 IL-1Î± 
               
               
                   
                 IL-1Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 IL-2 
               
               
                   
                 IL-20R2 
               
               
                   
                 IL-20RÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 IL-20RÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 IL-21 
               
               
                   
                 IL-22 
               
               
                   
                 IL-22RÎ ± 2 
               
               
                   
                 IL-23 (p19) 
               
               
                   
                 IL-23R 
               
               
                   
                 IL-24 
               
               
                   
                 IL-25 
               
               
                   
                 IL-27 
               
               
                   
                 IL-27 (p28) 
               
               
                   
                 IL-27RÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 IL-28 
               
               
                   
                 IL-28RÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 IL-29 
               
               
                   
                 IL-3 
               
               
                   
                 IL-31 
               
               
                   
                 IL-32Î ± Î 2 Î 3 Î′ 
               
               
                   
                 IL-32Î ± Î 2 Î′ 
               
               
                   
                 IL-33 
               
               
                   
                 IL-34 
               
               
                   
                 IL-4 
               
               
                   
                 IL-4RÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 IL-5 
               
               
                   
                 IL-6 
               
               
                   
                 IL-7 
               
               
                   
                 IL-7RÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 IL-8 
               
               
                   
                 IL-9 
               
               
                   
                 ILF3 
               
               
                   
                 ILK 
               
               
                   
                 ILK1 
               
               
                   
                 ImmunofluorescenceN-Î 3   
               
               
                   
                 IMP3 
               
               
                   
                 Importin9 
               
               
                   
                 Influenza A Virus M2 Protein 
               
               
                   
                 Influenza B Virus Nucleoprotein 
               
               
                   
                 ING1 
               
               
                   
                 ING2 
               
               
                   
                 ING3 
               
               
                   
                 ING4 
               
               
                   
                 Inhibin Î± 
               
               
                   
                 iNOS 
               
               
                   
                 INPP4A 
               
               
                   
                 INPP4B 
               
               
                   
                 Insulin 
               
               
                   
                 Insulin Degrading Enzyme (IDE) 
               
               
                   
                 Insulin Receptor R 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î ± 4/Î 2 7 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î ± 9/Î 2 1 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î ± V/Î 2 5 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î ± V/Î 2 6 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î 2 1 Phospho (Tyr783) 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î 2 1 Phospho (Tyr795) 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î 2 5 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î 2 6 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î 2 7 
               
               
                   
                 Intercalated DNA 
               
               
                   
                 Intra Acrosomal Protein 
               
               
                   
                 Intra-Acrosomal Proteins 
               
               
                   
                 Invariant NK T 
               
               
                   
                 IP10 
               
               
                   
                 IQGA1 
               
               
                   
                 IRAK1 
               
               
                   
                 IRAK3 
               
               
                   
                 IRAK4 
               
               
                   
                 IRE1 
               
               
                   
                 IRF1 
               
               
                   
                 IRF3 
               
               
                   
                 IRF4 
               
               
                   
                 IRF5 
               
               
                   
                 IRF6 
               
               
                   
                 IRF7 
               
               
                   
                 IRF7 (pS477/pS479) 
               
               
                   
                 IRF8 
               
               
                   
                 IRF9 
               
               
                   
                 IRS1 
               
               
                   
                 IRS1 (pY896) 
               
               
                   
                 IRS2 
               
               
                   
                 IRS4 
               
               
                   
                 ISG15 
               
               
                   
                 ISG20 
               
               
                   
                 ISL1 
               
               
                   
                 Isthmin1 
               
               
                   
                 ITCH 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î ± 7 
               
               
                   
                 ITK 
               
               
                   
                 ITPR1 
               
               
                   
                 Jagged2 
               
               
                   
                 JAK2 
               
               
                   
                 JAK3 
               
               
                   
                 JAM2 
               
               
                   
                 JAML 
               
               
                   
                 Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 glycoprotein 
               
               
                   
                 JNK 
               
               
                   
                 JNK Phospho (Thr183/Tyr185) 
               
               
                   
                 JNK1/JNK2/JNK3 
               
               
                   
                 JNK2 
               
               
                   
                 Junctional Adhesion Molecule C 
               
               
                   
                 Junctophilin-1 (C-term) 
               
               
                   
                 Junctophilin-1 (Mid) 
               
               
                   
                 Junctophilin-2 (C-term) 
               
               
                   
                 Junctophilin-3 (C-term) 
               
               
                   
                 KAP1 
               
               
                   
                 KATNA1 
               
               
                   
                 KCNH1 
               
               
                   
                 KDEL 
               
               
                   
                 KDM4D 
               
               
                   
                 Ki-67 
               
               
                   
                 KIF22 
               
               
                   
                 KIF3A 
               
               
                   
                 KIF4A 
               
               
                   
                 KIFA3 
               
               
                   
                 Kindlin2 
               
               
                   
                 Kinetoplastid Membrane Protein 11 (KMP-1)) 
               
               
                   
                 KIR-2.1 
               
               
                   
                 KIR-2D (pan CD158) 
               
               
                   
                 KLF4 
               
               
                   
                 KLF6 
               
               
                   
                 KLH 
               
               
                   
                 KLHL11 
               
               
                   
                 KLRA3 
               
               
                   
                 KLRC1 
               
               
                   
                 KLRG1 
               
               
                   
                 KMT4 
               
               
                   
                 KMT5A 
               
               
                   
                 KOR-SA3544 
               
               
                   
                 KS1/4 
               
               
                   
                 Ksp37 
               
               
                   
                 KSR1 
               
               
                   
                 Ku70 
               
               
                   
                 Ku70/80 
               
               
                   
                 Ku80 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Kudoa Thyrsites 
                 
               
               
                   
                 Kunitz Protease Inhibitor 
               
               
                   
                 Kv4.2 
               
               
                   
                 L/S-MAG 
               
               
                   
                 Labeling Check Reagent 
               
               
                   
                 Lactate Dehydrogenase 
               
               
                   
                 Lactate Dehydrogenase B 
               
               
                   
                 Lambda 
               
               
                   
                 Lamin A 
               
               
                   
                 Lamin A/C 
               
               
                   
                 Lamin B Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Lamin B1 
               
               
                   
                 Lamin B2 
               
               
                   
                 Lamin C 
               
               
                   
                 Laminin 
               
               
                   
                 Laminin 5 
               
               
                   
                 Laminin Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Laminin Î 2 1 
               
               
                   
                 LAMP2a 
               
               
                   
                 LAMP2b 
               
               
                   
                 LAT 
               
               
                   
                 LAT (pY171) 
               
               
                   
                 LAT (pY226) 
               
               
                   
                 LBP 
               
               
                   
                 LC3 
               
               
                   
                 LC3B 
               
               
                   
                 LCAT 
               
               
                   
                 Lck 
               
               
                   
                 Lck (pY505) 
               
               
                   
                 LDH1 
               
               
                   
                 LDH1/B/C 
               
               
                   
                 LDL (MDA oxidized) 
               
               
                   
                 LDLR 
               
               
                   
                 LEF1 
               
               
                   
                   Leishmania  LPG (repeat epitope) 
               
               
                   
                   Leishmania  Major Surface Protease (GP-63) 
               
               
                   
                 LEKTI 
               
               
                   
                 Leukemia Inhibitory Factor 
               
               
                   
                 Leukotriene A4 hydrolase 
               
               
                   
                 Leukotriene B4 Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 LHX3 
               
               
                   
                 LI-Cadherin 
               
               
                   
                 LIF 
               
               
                   
                 DNA Ligase I 
               
               
                   
                 DNA Ligase III 
               
               
                   
                 LIM kinase 2 
               
               
                   
                 LIME1 
               
               
                   
                 LIMK1 
               
               
                   
                 LIMS1 
               
               
                   
                 Lin28 
               
               
                   
                 Lineage Cocktail 
               
               
                   
                 Lipin 1 
               
               
                   
                 LIS1 
               
               
                   
                 Liver Carboxylesterase 1 
               
               
                   
                 LKB1 
               
               
                   
                 LMO2 
               
               
                   
                 LOX 
               
               
                   
                 LOX1 
               
               
                   
                 LRP5/6 
               
               
                   
                 LRP6 
               
               
                   
                 LRPAP1 
               
               
                   
                 LSD1 
               
               
                   
                 LSP1 
               
               
                   
                 LSS 
               
               
                   
                 LTÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 Luciferase 
               
               
                   
                 LXRÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-108 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49A 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49A/D 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49AB6 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49C/F/I/H 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49C/I 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49D 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49E/F 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49F 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49G 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49G2 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49G2B6 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49H 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-49I 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-51 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-6A.2/Ly-6E.1 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-6A/E 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-6b 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-6B.2 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-6C 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-6D 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-6G 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-6G/C 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-6K 
               
               
                   
                 Ly-77 
               
               
                   
                 Lymphotoxin Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 Lymphotoxin Î 2  Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Lyn 
               
               
                   
                 LYRIC 
               
               
                   
                 Lysophospholipase 1 
               
               
                   
                 Lysosomal acid lipase 
               
               
                   
                 Lysozome 
               
               
                   
                 Lysozyme 
               
               
                   
                 Lyve1 
               
               
                   
                 M-CSF 
               
               
                   
                 M13 Bacteriophage Coat Protein g8p 
               
               
                   
                 M13 Bacteriophage Protein 
               
               
                   
                 MAA 
               
               
                   
                 Mac-2BP 
               
               
                   
                 macroH2A.1 
               
               
                   
                 Macrophage 
               
               
                   
                 Macrophage Activator 
               
               
                   
                 Macrophage galactose lectin 
               
               
                   
                 Macrophage/Granulocyte 
               
               
                   
                 Macrophages/Monocytes 
               
               
                   
                 MAD2 
               
               
                   
                 MadCAM1 
               
               
                   
                 MADD 
               
               
                   
                 MADH7 
               
               
                   
                 MAFB 
               
               
                   
                 MAG 
               
               
                   
                 MAGE-A 
               
               
                   
                 MAGE1 
               
               
                   
                 MAIR2 
               
               
                   
                 MAIR4 
               
               
                   
                 MALT1 
               
               
                   
                 Mammaglobin A 
               
               
                   
                 MAP1LC3A 
               
               
                   
                 MAP2 
               
               
                   
                 MAP2B 
               
               
                   
                 MAP2K1IP1 
               
               
                   
                 MAP3K8 
               
               
                   
                 MAP4 Phospho (Ser768) 
               
               
                   
                 MAP4K1 
               
               
                   
                 MAP4K4 
               
               
                   
                 MAPK12 
               
               
                   
                 MAPK6 
               
               
                   
                 MAPKAP Kinase 2 
               
               
                   
                 MAPKAP Kinase 2 Phospho (Thr334) 
               
               
                   
                 MARCKS 
               
               
                   
                 MARCO 
               
               
                   
                 Marginal Zone B Cells 
               
               
                   
                 MARK2 
               
               
                   
                 MARK3 
               
               
                   
                 MART1 
               
               
                   
                 Mast Cell 
               
               
                   
                 Mast Cell Protease 11 
               
               
                   
                 mature macrophage marker 
               
               
                   
                 MBD1 
               
               
                   
                 MBD2 
               
               
                   
                 MBL 
               
               
                   
                 MCL1 
               
               
                   
                 MCM2 
               
               
                   
                 MCM3 
               
               
                   
                 MCM4 
               
               
                   
                 MCM5 
               
               
                   
                 MCM6 
               
               
                   
                 MCM7 
               
               
                   
                 MCP-1 
               
               
                   
                 MCP-4 
               
               
                   
                 MCP-8 
               
               
                   
                 MCSF 
               
               
                   
                 MD1 
               
               
                   
                 MD2 
               
               
                   
                 MDC 
               
               
                   
                 MECT1 
               
               
                   
                 MEF2A 
               
               
                   
                 MEIS1 
               
               
                   
                 MEK1 
               
               
                   
                 MEK1 (p298) 
               
               
                   
                 MEK1 (pS218)/MEK2 (pS222) 
               
               
                   
                 MEK1/2 (pS222) 
               
               
                   
                 MEK2 
               
               
                   
                 MEK3 
               
               
                   
                 MEK4 
               
               
                   
                 MEK5 
               
               
                   
                 MEK6 
               
               
                   
                 MEK7 
               
               
                   
                 MEKK1 
               
               
                   
                 MEKK2 
               
               
                   
                 MEKK3 
               
               
                   
                 MEKK4 
               
               
                   
                 Melanoma 
               
               
                   
                 MELK 
               
               
                   
                 MEMO1 
               
               
                   
                 Mena 
               
               
                   
                 Menin 
               
               
                   
                 MEOX2 
               
               
                   
                 Merlin 
               
               
                   
                 MERTK 
               
               
                   
                 Mesothelin 
               
               
                   
                 Metallothionein 
               
               
                   
                 MetRS 
               
               
                   
                 mGluR5 
               
               
                   
                 MGMT 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Db) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Dd) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Dk) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Dq/Lq) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Kb) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Kb/Db) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Kb/Dd) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Kd a3 domain) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Kd) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Kd/Dd) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Kd/Dd/q/u/v) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Kk) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Kq) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Ks) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Ld) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2Ld/Db) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class Ib (H2-M3) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (DQ) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (DR) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-A) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-A/E) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-Ab) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-Ab/Ad) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-Ab/As) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-Ad) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-Ak) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-Ak/Ad/Ab/Aq/Ar) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-Ak/As) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-Ap) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-Aq) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-E) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-EÎ°) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (RT1B) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (RT1Bu) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II(RT1D) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 MHC Qa1b 
               
               
                   
                 MICA 
               
               
                   
                 MICA/MICB 
               
               
                   
                 MICB 
               
               
                   
                 Microfold (M) Cells 
               
               
                   
                 Microtubule Associated Protein 2ab 
               
               
                   
                 Microtubule Associated Protein RP/EB 2 
               
               
                   
                 Midkine 
               
               
                   
                 Mineralocorticoid Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 MIP-1Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 MIPEP 
               
               
                   
                 Mitochondria 
               
               
                   
                 Mitofilin 
               
               
                   
                 Mitofusin 1 
               
               
                   
                 Mitofusin 2 
               
               
                   
                 Mitotic Cells 
               
               
                   
                 MKK6 
               
               
                   
                 MLH1 
               
               
                   
                 MLK3 
               
               
                   
                 MLL1 
               
               
                   
                 MLLT11 
               
               
                   
                 MMP1 
               
               
                   
                 MMP10 
               
               
                   
                 MMP11 
               
               
                   
                 MMP12 
               
               
                   
                 MMP13 
               
               
                   
                 MMP14 
               
               
                   
                 MMP15 
               
               
                   
                 MMP17 
               
               
                   
                 MMP19 
               
               
                   
                 MMP2 
               
               
                   
                 MMP20 
               
               
                   
                 MMP21 
               
               
                   
                 MMP26 
               
               
                   
                 MMP3 
               
               
                   
                 MMP8 
               
               
                   
                 MMP9 
               
               
                   
                 Mnk1 
               
               
                   
                 mNOS 
               
               
                   
                 MnSOD 
               
               
                   
                 Moesin 
               
               
                   
                 Monoamine Oxidase B 
               
               
                   
                 Monocyte/Granulocyte 
               
               
                   
                 Mononuclear Phagocyte 
               
               
                   
                 Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (mEF) Feeder Cells 
               
               
                   
                 Mouse Lineage 
               
               
                   
                 MPP1 
               
               
                   
                 MRCL3 
               
               
                   
                 MRE11 
               
               
                   
                 MRGPR-X2 
               
               
                   
                 MRI1 
               
               
                   
                 MRP14 
               
               
                   
                 MRP2 
               
               
                   
                 MRP3 
               
               
                   
                 MRP4 
               
               
                   
                 MRP5 
               
               
                   
                 MRP6 
               
               
                   
                 MRP8 
               
               
                   
                 MRP8/14 
               
               
                   
                 MSC (W8B2) 
               
               
                   
                 MSC (W3D5) 
               
               
                   
                 MSC (W5C5) 
               
               
                   
                 MSC (W7C6) 
               
               
                   
                 MSC/NPC 
               
               
                   
                 MSH2 
               
               
                   
                 MSH6 
               
               
                   
                 MSI2H 
               
               
                   
                 MSK1 
               
               
                   
                 MST1 
               
               
                   
                 MST1/MST2 
               
               
                   
                 MST3 
               
               
                   
                 MST4 
               
               
                   
                 MST4/MST3/STK25 
               
               
                   
                 mTOR 
               
               
                   
                 Muc-16 
               
               
                   
                 Muc-2 
               
               
                   
                 Muc-3 
               
               
                   
                 Muc-4 
               
               
                   
                 Muc-7 
               
               
                   
                 MULT-1 
               
               
                   
                 Munc13-4 
               
               
                   
                 Munc18 
               
               
                   
                 MUPP1 
               
               
                   
                 Mus81 
               
               
                   
                 Musashi1 
               
               
                   
                 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor 2 
               
               
                   
                 muscle Actin 
               
               
                   
                 Muscleblind-like 1 
               
               
                   
                 MVP 
               
               
                   
                 MYBBP1A 
               
               
                   
                 MYBPC3 
               
               
                   
                 Myc tag 
               
               
                   
                 MyD88 
               
               
                   
                 Myelin Basic Protein 
               
               
                   
                 Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 
               
               
                   
                 Myelin PLP 
               
               
                   
                 Myeloid Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Myeloid Cell Nuclear Differentiation Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Myeloid Lineage 
               
               
                   
                 Myocilin 
               
               
                   
                 Myogenin 
               
               
                   
                 Myosin heavy chain 
               
               
                   
                 Myosin IIA 
               
               
                   
                 Myosin light chain 2 
               
               
                   
                 Myosin light chain 3 
               
               
                   
                 Myosin light chain kinase 
               
               
                   
                 Myosin Phosphatase 
               
               
                   
                 Myosin Phosphatase 1/2 
               
               
                   
                 MYST2 
               
               
                   
                 NADH2 
               
               
                   
                 Naf1 
               
               
                   
                 NAK 
               
               
                   
                 Nanog 
               
               
                   
                 NAPE-PLD 
               
               
                   
                 NAT1 
               
               
                   
                 Native Lipoteichoic Acid 
               
               
                   
                 Natriuretic Peptide Receptor A 
               
               
                   
                 Natural Killer Cell 
               
               
                   
                 Natural Killer Cell Activation Structures 
               
               
                   
                 NBS1 
               
               
                   
                 NC1.1 
               
               
                   
                 NCF4 
               
               
                   
                 Nck 
               
               
                   
                 NCOA1 
               
               
                   
                 NCOA2 
               
               
                   
                 NCX1 
               
               
                   
                 NDUFAF1 
               
               
                   
                 NDUFB4 
               
               
                   
                 NDUFS3 
               
               
                   
                 NEDD8 
               
               
                   
                 NEK2 
               
               
                   
                 NEK6 
               
               
                   
                 NEK7 
               
               
                   
                 NEK9 
               
               
                   
                 NEK9 Phospho (Thr210) 
               
               
                   
                 Nestin 
               
               
                   
                 NETO2 
               
               
                   
                 Neurabin1 
               
               
                   
                 Neuregulin1 
               
               
                   
                 Neuregulin3 
               
               
                   
                 Neuroblastoma 
               
               
                   
                 NeuroD1 
               
               
                   
                 NeuroD2 
               
               
                   
                 Neurofibromin 
               
               
                   
                 Neurofilament Heavy Protein 
               
               
                   
                 Neurofilament Medium Protein 
               
               
                   
                 Neurogenin 2 
               
               
                   
                 Neurokinin 1 Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Neuron Specific Enolase 
               
               
                   
                 Neuronal Growth Factor Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Neurotensin Receptor 1 
               
               
                   
                 NFÎ°B p50/p105 
               
               
                   
                 NFÎ°B p65 (pS536) 
               
               
                   
                 NFATc1 
               
               
                   
                 NFÎ°B p50 
               
               
                   
                 NFÎ°B p50/p105 
               
               
                   
                 NFÎ°B p52/p100 
               
               
                   
                 NFÎ°B p65 
               
               
                   
                 NFÎ°B p65 (pS529) 
               
               
                   
                 NG2 
               
               
                   
                 NGF 
               
               
                   
                 Nhedc2 
               
               
                   
                 NHERF1 
               
               
                   
                 Nicastrin 
               
               
                   
                 Ninein 
               
               
                   
                 Nitrotyrosine 
               
               
                   
                 NKG2A/C/E 
               
               
                   
                 NKG2AB6 
               
               
                   
                 NKp80 
               
               
                   
                 NKX3.1 
               
               
                   
                 NM23A 
               
               
                   
                 NMDA Receptor 2A 
               
               
                   
                 NMDA Receptor 2B 
               
               
                   
                 NMDE2 
               
               
                   
                 NMDZ1 
               
               
                   
                 NMNA2 
               
               
                   
                 nMyc 
               
               
                   
                 nNOS 
               
               
                   
                 NNTM 
               
               
                   
                 Nociceptin 
               
               
                   
                 Nod2 
               
               
                   
                 Nodal 
               
               
                   
                 Noggin 
               
               
                   
                 NONO 
               
               
                   
                 Nonspecific Cytotoxic Cells 
               
               
                   
                 Notch1 
               
               
                   
                 Notch2 
               
               
                   
                 Notch3 
               
               
                   
                 Notch4 
               
               
                   
                 NOX2 
               
               
                   
                 NOX4 
               
               
                   
                 NOXA2 
               
               
                   
                 NPC 
               
               
                   
                 NPM-ALK 
               
               
                   
                 NPM/B23 Phospho (Thr199) 
               
               
                   
                 NPM/B23 Phospho (Thr234/Thr237) 
               
               
                   
                 NPY5R 
               
               
                   
                 NQO1 
               
               
                   
                 NR2E1 
               
               
                   
                 NRC2C 
               
               
                   
                 Nrf2 
               
               
                   
                 NRG3 
               
               
                   
                 NSPA/B 
               
               
                   
                 NTAL 
               
               
                   
                 NTF97 
               
               
                   
                 Nucleolin 
               
               
                   
                 Nucleolin Phospho (Thr76/Thr84) 
               
               
                   
                 Nucleophosmin 
               
               
                   
                 NUDC 
               
               
                   
                 NUMA1 
               
               
                   
                 Nur77 
               
               
                   
                 O acetyl GD3 
               
               
                   
                 Oct2 
               
               
                   
                 Oct3/4 
               
               
                   
                 Oct3/4A 
               
               
                   
                 Oct4 
               
               
                   
                 ODAG 
               
               
                   
                 OGDH 
               
               
                   
                 OLIG1 
               
               
                   
                 OLIG2 
               
               
                   
                 Oligodendrocyte Marker 
               
               
                   
                 Oligodendrocyte Marker O1 
               
               
                   
                 Oligodendrocyte Marker O4 
               
               
                   
                 Oncostatin M Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Orai1 
               
               
                   
                 OSCAR 
               
               
                   
                 OSR1 
               
               
                   
                 Osteonectin 
               
               
                   
                 Osteopontin 
               
               
                   
                 Osteoprotegerin 
               
               
                   
                 Otx2 
               
               
                   
                 OVA (SIINFEKL) H-2Kb 
               
               
                   
                 Oval Cell Marker 
               
               
                   
                 Ovalbumin 
               
               
                   
                 Ovarian Carcinoma-associated Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 OX-62 
               
               
                   
                 p110Î′ 
               
               
                   
                 p120 Catenin 
               
               
                   
                 p120 Catenin (pS268) 
               
               
                   
                 p120 Catenin (pS288) 
               
               
                   
                 p120 Catenin (pS879) 
               
               
                   
                 p120 Catenin (pT310) 
               
               
                   
                 p120 Catenin (pT916) 
               
               
                   
                 p120 Catenin (pY228) 
               
               
                   
                 p13 
               
               
                   
                 p130 
               
               
                   
                 p130 Cas 
               
               
                   
                 p130 Cas (pY249) 
               
               
                   
                 p14ARF 
               
               
                   
                 p150, 95 
               
               
                   
                 p19ARF 
               
               
                   
                 p21 
               
               
                   
                 p22phox 
               
               
                   
                 p23 
               
               
                   
                 p27Kip1 
               
               
                   
                 P2RX4 
               
               
                   
                 P2RY8 
               
               
                   
                 P2X3 
               
               
                   
                 P2X7 
               
               
                   
                 P2Y6 
               
               
                   
                 p34Cdc-2 
               
               
                   
                 p38 
               
               
                   
                 p38 MAPK (pT180/pY182) 
               
               
                   
                 p400 
               
               
                   
                 p53 
               
               
                   
                 p53 Acetylated (Lys305) 
               
               
                   
                 p53 Acetylated (Lys382) 
               
               
                   
                 p53 Phospho (Ser15) 
               
               
                   
                 p53 Phospho (Ser37) 
               
               
                   
                 p53 Phospho (Ser392) 
               
               
                   
                 p53BP1 (Ser1778) 
               
               
                   
                 p57Kip2 
               
               
                   
                 p60 CAF1 
               
               
                   
                 p62 
               
               
                   
                 p63 
               
               
                   
                 p63 (TA) 
               
               
                   
                 p70 S6 Kinase Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 p90 Rsk 
               
               
                   
                 p90 Rsk Phospho (Thr368/Ser372) 
               
               
                   
                 p95 NBS1 
               
               
                   
                 p97 
               
               
                   
                 PA28Î 3   
               
               
                   
                 PABP1 
               
               
                   
                 PABP2 
               
               
                   
                 PABPN1 
               
               
                   
                 PAC1 
               
               
                   
                 PAD2 
               
               
                   
                 PAG1 
               
               
                   
                 PAK1 
               
               
                   
                 PAK2 
               
               
                   
                 PAK3 
               
               
                   
                 pan Actin 
               
               
                   
                 pan Macrophage 
               
               
                   
                 Panendothelial Cell Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 PAR1 
               
               
                   
                 Parainfluenza Virus type 1 
               
               
                   
                 Parainfluenza Virus type 2 
               
               
                   
                 Parainfluenza Virus type 3 
               
               
                   
                 PARC 
               
               
                   
                 PARD3 
               
               
                   
                 PARK7/DJ1 
               
               
                   
                 PARP, Cleaved Form 
               
               
                   
                 PARP16 
               
               
                   
                 PARP4 
               
               
                   
                 PARVA 
               
               
                   
                 Pax2 
               
               
                   
                 Pax5 
               
               
                   
                 Pax6 
               
               
                   
                 Pax7 
               
               
                   
                 Pax8 
               
               
                   
                 Pax9 
               
               
                   
                 Paxillin 
               
               
                   
                 Paxillin Phospho (Tyr118) 
               
               
                   
                 Paxillin Phospho (Tyr31) 
               
               
                   
                 PBEF 
               
               
                   
                 PBK 
               
               
                   
                 PBP 
               
               
                   
                 PBR 
               
               
                   
                 PBX3 
               
               
                   
                 PCB 
               
               
                   
                 PCNA 
               
               
                   
                 PCYT1A 
               
               
                   
                 PD-1H 
               
               
                   
                 PD-ECGF 
               
               
                   
                 PDC-TREM 
               
               
                   
                 PDCD4 
               
               
                   
                 PDCD6 
               
               
                   
                 PDE3B 
               
               
                   
                 PDECGF 
               
               
                   
                 PDGF-AA 
               
               
                   
                 PDI 
               
               
                   
                 PDK1 
               
               
                   
                 PDK2 
               
               
                   
                 PDPK1 
               
               
                   
                 PDPK1 (pS241) 
               
               
                   
                 PDX1 
               
               
                   
                 PDZK1 
               
               
                   
                 PE 
               
               
                   
                 PECR 
               
               
                   
                 PEI-Transferrinfection 
               
               
                   
                 Pellino 1 
               
               
                   
                 Pentraxin 3 
               
               
                   
                 PEPD 
               
               
                   
                 Perforin 
               
               
                   
                 Peroxiredoxin 1 
               
               
                   
                 Peroxiredoxin 2 
               
               
                   
                 Peroxiredoxin 6 
               
               
                   
                 PEX5 
               
               
                   
                 PF4 
               
               
                   
                 PGC1Î± 
               
               
                   
                 PGIS 
               
               
                   
                 PGP9.5 
               
               
                   
                 PGRP-Ia 
               
               
                   
                 PGRP-S 
               
               
                   
                 PHD1 
               
               
                   
                 PHD2 
               
               
                   
                 Phosphatidylserine 
               
               
                   
                 Phospho SHIP 
               
               
                   
                 Phospholipase A2 activator protein (PLAP) 
               
               
                   
                 Phospholipase C Î 2 3 
               
               
                   
                 Phospholipase C Î 3 1 
               
               
                   
                 Phospholipase D1 
               
               
                   
                 Phosphoserine/threonine/tyrosine 
               
               
                   
                 Phosphotyrosine 
               
               
                   
                 PI 3 Kinase catalytic subunit Î± 
               
               
                   
                 PI 3 Kinase catalytic subunit Î 3   
               
               
                   
                 PI 3 Kinase p110 Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 PI 3 Kinase p110 Î′ 
               
               
                   
                 PI 3 Kinase p150 
               
               
                   
                 PI 3 Kinase p85 Î± 
               
               
                   
                 PI 4 kinase Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 PIAS1 
               
               
                   
                 PIAS3 
               
               
                   
                 PICK1 
               
               
                   
                 PIM1 
               
               
                   
                 PIM2 
               
               
                   
                 Pin1 
               
               
                   
                 PINK1 
               
               
                   
                 PIP5K2Î± 
               
               
                   
                 PIP5KIÎ 3   
               
               
                   
                 PIR-A/B 
               
               
                   
                 Pirh2 
               
               
                   
                 PIST 
               
               
                   
                 PiTX3 
               
               
                   
                 PIWIL2 
               
               
                   
                 PKA RIIÎ± (pS99) 
               
               
                   
                 PKA RIIÎ 2  (pS114) 
               
               
                   
                 PKA2Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 PKAR2 
               
               
                   
                 PKAÎ 3   
               
               
                   
                 PKC 
               
               
                   
                 PKCq 
               
               
                   
                 PKCÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 PKCÎ± (pT497) 
               
               
                   
                 PKCÎ± (pT638) 
               
               
                   
                 PKCÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 PKCÎ 2 2 
               
               
                   
                 PKCÎ 3   
               
               
                   
                 PKCÎ′ 
               
               
                   
                 PKCÎμ 
               
               
                   
                 PKCÎ¶ 
               
               
                   
                 PKCÎ, 
               
               
                   
                 PKCÏ . . . 
               
               
                   
                 PKN 
               
               
                   
                 PKN2 
               
               
                   
                 PKR 
               
               
                   
                 PKX1 
               
               
                   
                 PLA2G1B 
               
               
                   
                 Placental alkaline phosphatase 
               
               
                   
                 Placental Protein 14 
               
               
                   
                 Plakophilin 3 
               
               
                   
                 Plastin L 
               
               
                   
                 Platelet 
               
               
                   
                 PLAU 
               
               
                   
                 PLCÎ 3 1 
               
               
                   
                 PLCÎ 3 1 (pY783) 
               
               
                   
                 PLCÎ 3 2 
               
               
                   
                 PLCÎ 3 2 (pY759) 
               
               
                   
                 Plectin 
               
               
                   
                 Pleiotrophin 
               
               
                   
                 PlexinA1 
               
               
                   
                 PlexinB2 
               
               
                   
                 PLGF 
               
               
                   
                 PLK1 
               
               
                   
                 PLK1 Phospho (Thr210) 
               
               
                   
                 PLK4 
               
               
                   
                 PLSCR1 
               
               
                   
                 PLVAP 
               
               
                   
                 PLZF 
               
               
                   
                 PMCA(1-4) 
               
               
                   
                 PMCA4 
               
               
                   
                 PMEL17/SILV 
               
               
                   
                 PMN 
               
               
                   
                 PMP70 
               
               
                   
                 PMS2 
               
               
                   
                 PNAd 
               
               
                   
                 PNPH 
               
               
                   
                 Podocalyxin 
               
               
                   
                 Podoplanin 
               
               
                   
                 POKEMON 
               
               
                   
                 Polyhistidine Tag 
               
               
                   
                 PON1 
               
               
                   
                 PON3 
               
               
                   
                 PP2AÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 PP2AÎ ± Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 PPM1A 
               
               
                   
                 PPP1A 
               
               
                   
                 PPP5C 
               
               
                   
                 PPP6C 
               
               
                   
                 PR3 
               
               
                   
                 PRA1 
               
               
                   
                 PRC1 
               
               
                   
                 Pre-BCR 
               
               
                   
                 Pre-T Cell Receptor Î ± Chain 
               
               
                   
                 Prealbumin 
               
               
                   
                 Presenilin1 
               
               
                   
                 Presenilin2 
               
               
                   
                 Prion protein PrP 
               
               
                   
                 PRKRA 
               
               
                   
                 PRLR 
               
               
                   
                 PRMT1 
               
               
                   
                 PRMT5 
               
               
                   
                 pro Relaxin 1/2 
               
               
                   
                 pro Relaxin 2 
               
               
                   
                 Profilin1 
               
               
                   
                 Progesterone Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Prohibitin 
               
               
                   
                 Prokineticin 1 
               
               
                   
                 Prokineticin 2 
               
               
                   
                 Prolactin 
               
               
                   
                 ProMBP1 
               
               
                   
                 Prostaglandin D2 Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Prostaglandin dehydrogenase 1 
               
               
                   
                 Prostaglandin E Receptor EP3 
               
               
                   
                 Prostate Cell Surface Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Prostate Specific Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 Prostatic Acid Phosphatase 
               
               
                   
                 Proteasome 20S C2 
               
               
                   
                 Proteasome 20S Î ± 2 
               
               
                   
                 Proteasome 20S Î ± 3 
               
               
                   
                 Proteasome 20S Î ± 5 
               
               
                   
                 Proteasome 20S Î ± 6 
               
               
                   
                 Proteasome 20S Î ± 7 
               
               
                   
                 Proteasome 20SÎ ± 1/2/3/5/6/7 
               
               
                   
                 Protein A 
               
               
                   
                 Protein G 
               
               
                   
                 Protein Kinase D2 
               
               
                   
                 Protein Phosphatase 1Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 Protein phosphotase inhibitor 1 
               
               
                   
                 Protein S 
               
               
                   
                 Proteinase Activated Receptor 4 
               
               
                   
                 Prothrombin 
               
               
                   
                 PSA-NCAM 
               
               
                   
                 PSD95 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Pseudomonas Aeruginosa 
                 
               
               
                   
                 PSMA 
               
               
                   
                 PSMD14 
               
               
                   
                 Psoriasin 
               
               
                   
                 PTAFR 
               
               
                   
                 PTBP1 
               
               
                   
                 PTEN 
               
               
                   
                 PTGER2 
               
               
                   
                 PTGER4 
               
               
                   
                 PTHLH 
               
               
                   
                 PTK7 
               
               
                   
                 PTP1B 
               
               
                   
                 PTP4A2 
               
               
                   
                 PTPS 
               
               
                   
                 PTPÎ¼ 
               
               
                   
                 PTRH2 
               
               
                   
                 PU.1 
               
               
                   
                 PU60 
               
               
                   
                 PUMA 
               
               
                   
                 PUMAÎ 3   
               
               
                   
                 Pumilio1 
               
               
                   
                 Pumilio2 
               
               
                   
                 PXR 
               
               
                   
                 PYCARD 
               
               
                   
                 Pygopus2 
               
               
                   
                 Pyk2 
               
               
                   
                 Pyk2 (pY402) 
               
               
                   
                 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E2 
               
               
                   
                 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E2/E3bp 
               
               
                   
                 q2 
               
               
                   
                 Qa1(b) 
               
               
                   
                 Qa2 
               
               
                   
                 RAB11A 
               
               
                   
                 RAB25 
               
               
                   
                 RAB27A 
               
               
                   
                 RAB4 
               
               
                   
                 RAB5a 
               
               
                   
                 RAB9 
               
               
                   
                 Rac1 
               
               
                   
                 Rac1/Cdc42 
               
               
                   
                 RAD17 
               
               
                   
                 RAD17 Phospho (Ser645) 
               
               
                   
                 RAD23A 
               
               
                   
                 RAD51 
               
               
                   
                 RAD54 
               
               
                   
                 RAD9A 
               
               
                   
                 Radixin 
               
               
                   
                 RAE-1Î 3   
               
               
                   
                 RAE-1Î′ 
               
               
                   
                 RAF1 
               
               
                   
                 RAGE 
               
               
                   
                 RAIDD 
               
               
                   
                 Rainbow Trout Ig 
               
               
                   
                 RalBP1 
               
               
                   
                 RanBP9 
               
               
                   
                 RanGAP1 
               
               
                   
                 RAP1A/RAP1B 
               
               
                   
                 RAP1GAP 
               
               
                   
                 Raptor 
               
               
                   
                 RARÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 RAS 
               
               
                   
                 RASGAP 
               
               
                   
                 RASGRF1 
               
               
                   
                 RASSF1A 
               
               
                   
                 Rb 
               
               
                   
                 Rb (a.a. 332-344) 
               
               
                   
                 Rb (pS780) 
               
               
                   
                 Rb (pS807/pS811) 
               
               
                   
                 RbAp46 
               
               
                   
                 RbAp48 
               
               
                   
                 RBC 
               
               
                   
                 RBC (Polyclonal Rabbit) 
               
               
                   
                 RBM35A 
               
               
                   
                 RBP4 
               
               
                   
                 RBX1 
               
               
                   
                 RCC1 
               
               
                   
                 RcRL6 
               
               
                   
                 Red Blood Cell 
               
               
                   
                 Relaxin 1 
               
               
                   
                 Relaxin 1/2 
               
               
                   
                 Relaxin 2 
               
               
                   
                 RelB 
               
               
                   
                 RELMÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 RELT 
               
               
                   
                 Renin 
               
               
                   
                 RENT1 
               
               
                   
                 Reptin 
               
               
                   
                 Repulsive Guidance Molecule C 
               
               
                   
                 Resistin 
               
               
                   
                 REST 
               
               
                   
                 Ret 
               
               
                   
                 Reticular Fibroblasts and Reticular Fibres 
               
               
                   
                 Reticulon1A 
               
               
                   
                 Reticulum Cells 
               
               
                   
                 Retinoblastoma 1 
               
               
                   
                 RFLAT1 
               
               
                   
                 RFP 
               
               
                   
                 RGS6 
               
               
                   
                 RGS7 
               
               
                   
                 RGS9 
               
               
                   
                 RHEB 
               
               
                   
                 Rho 
               
               
                   
                 RhoA 
               
               
                   
                 RHOC 
               
               
                   
                 RhoGAP 
               
               
                   
                 RhoGDI 
               
               
                   
                 RIAM 
               
               
                   
                 RICTOR 
               
               
                   
                 RIG1 
               
               
                   
                 RIP1 
               
               
                   
                 RIP2 
               
               
                   
                 Rituximab 
               
               
                   
                 RLA DQ 
               
               
                   
                 RLA DR 
               
               
                   
                 RNA polymerase II 
               
               
                   
                 RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS 
               
               
                   
                 RNASE-L 
               
               
                   
                 RNASE1 
               
               
                   
                 RNF144B 
               
               
                   
                 RNF168 
               
               
                   
                 RNF36 
               
               
                   
                 RNPEP 
               
               
                   
                 ROCK1 
               
               
                   
                 ROR1 
               
               
                   
                 ROR2 
               
               
                   
                 RORÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 RORÎ 3   
               
               
                   
                 ROS 
               
               
                   
                 RPA32/RPA2 
               
               
                   
                 RPA70 
               
               
                   
                 RPS6 
               
               
                   
                 RSF1 
               
               
                   
                 RSK1 p90 
               
               
                   
                 RSK2 
               
               
                   
                 RSK3 
               
               
                   
                 RSK4 
               
               
                   
                 RT1A 
               
               
                   
                 RT1Aa 
               
               
                   
                 RT1Aa, b 
               
               
                   
                 RT1Aa, b, l 
               
               
                   
                 RT1Ac 
               
               
                   
                 RT1Au 
               
               
                   
                 RT1B 
               
               
                   
                 RT6.1 
               
               
                   
                 RT6.2 
               
               
                   
                 Ryanodine Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 RYK 
               
               
                   
                 RyR 
               
               
                   
                 S-Tag 
               
               
                   
                 S100A1 
               
               
                   
                 S100A10 
               
               
                   
                 S100A13 
               
               
                   
                 S100A4 
               
               
                   
                 S100A6 
               
               
                   
                 S100A9 
               
               
                   
                 S100Î± 
               
               
                   
                 S100Î ± 2 
               
               
                   
                 s100Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 S6 (pS235/pS236) 
               
               
                   
                 S6 (pS240) 
               
               
                   
                 S6 (pS244) 
               
               
                   
                 S6K 
               
               
                   
                 SAA4 
               
               
                   
                 Sall4 
               
               
                   
                   Salmonella Paratyphi  A 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Salmonella Typhimurium 
                 
               
               
                   
                 Salmonid Ig (H and L chain) 
               
               
                   
                 Salmonid Ig (H chain) 
               
               
                   
                 SAM68 
               
               
                   
                 SAMD2 
               
               
                   
                 SAP 
               
               
                   
                 SARA 
               
               
                   
                 SATB1 
               
               
                   
                 SATB2 
               
               
                   
                 SC5A5 
               
               
                   
                 SC6A4 
               
               
                   
                 SCAI 
               
               
                   
                 SCD1 
               
               
                   
                 Scramblase1 
               
               
                   
                 SCY1-like 3 
               
               
                   
                 SDF1 
               
               
                   
                 SDF1Î± 
               
               
                   
                 SDHA 
               
               
                   
                 SDHB 
               
               
                   
                 Secretory component 
               
               
                   
                 Securin 
               
               
                   
                 SELP 
               
               
                   
                 Sema4A 
               
               
                   
                 Sema7A 
               
               
                   
                 SENP1 
               
               
                   
                 SEPP1 
               
               
                   
                 SERCA2 
               
               
                   
                 SerpinB1 
               
               
                   
                 SerpinB2 
               
               
                   
                 SerpinB6 
               
               
                   
                 Sestrin1 
               
               
                   
                 SFRP2 
               
               
                   
                 SGK1 
               
               
                   
                 SHC1 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Shigella Boydii 
                 
               
               
                   
                 SHIP1 
               
               
                   
                 SHP1 
               
               
                   
                 SHP2 
               
               
                   
                 SHP2 (pY542) 
               
               
                   
                 SIAH2 
               
               
                   
                 SIGIRR 
               
               
                   
                 Siglec-10 
               
               
                   
                 Siglec-8 
               
               
                   
                 Siglec-9 
               
               
                   
                 Siglec-F 
               
               
                   
                 Siglec-H 
               
               
                   
                 SIK2 
               
               
                   
                 SIRT1 
               
               
                   
                 SIRT2 
               
               
                   
                 SIRT3 
               
               
                   
                 SIRT5 
               
               
                   
                 SIT1 
               
               
                   
                 SIX2 
               
               
                   
                 SKP1A 
               
               
                   
                 SLA-DR 
               
               
                   
                 Slan 
               
               
                   
                 SLC1A3 
               
               
                   
                 SLC1A7 
               
               
                   
                 SLC22A1 
               
               
                   
                 SLC22A5 
               
               
                   
                 SLC26A6 
               
               
                   
                 SLC26A7 
               
               
                   
                 SLC30A4 
               
               
                   
                 SLC39A11 
               
               
                   
                 SLC4A3 
               
               
                   
                 SLC6A19 
               
               
                   
                 SLC6A6 
               
               
                   
                 SLC7A10 
               
               
                   
                 SLC7A14 
               
               
                   
                 SLC7A3 
               
               
                   
                 SLC7A8 
               
               
                   
                 SLC8A2 
               
               
                   
                 SLC9A6 
               
               
                   
                 SLP76 
               
               
                   
                 SLP76 (pY128) 
               
               
                   
                 SM22Î± 
               
               
                   
                 SMAC 
               
               
                   
                 SMAC3 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD1 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD1 (pS463/465) 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD1/5 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD1/9 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD2 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD2/3 (pS465/467) DELETE 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD3 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD4 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD5 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD6 
               
               
                   
                 SMC1 
               
               
                   
                 SMC1L1 
               
               
                   
                 SMN 
               
               
                   
                 Smoothelin 
               
               
                   
                 SMURF2 
               
               
                   
                 SNAP25 
               
               
                   
                 SNX1 
               
               
                   
                 SOAT1 
               
               
                   
                 SOCS1 
               
               
                   
                 SOCS2 
               
               
                   
                 SOCS3 
               
               
                   
                 SOCS6 
               
               
                   
                 SOD2 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium Potassium ATPase 
               
               
                   
                 Sonic Hedgehog 
               
               
                   
                 Sortilin 
               
               
                   
                 SOSC3 
               
               
                   
                 SOX1 
               
               
                   
                 SOX10 
               
               
                   
                 SOX17 
               
               
                   
                 SOX18 
               
               
                   
                 SOX2 
               
               
                   
                 SOX2 (COOH terminus) 
               
               
                   
                 SOX2 (NH2 terminus) 
               
               
                   
                 SOX9 
               
               
                   
                 SP-D 
               
               
                   
                 Sp1 
               
               
                   
                 Sp3 
               
               
                   
                 Spectrin Î ± 1 
               
               
                   
                 SPHK1 
               
               
                   
                 Spt16 
               
               
                   
                 Src (pY418) 
               
               
                   
                 SREBP1 
               
               
                   
                 ssDNA 
               
               
                   
                 SSEA3 
               
               
                   
                 SSEA4 
               
               
                   
                 SSEA5 
               
               
                   
                 SSH3BP1 
               
               
                   
                 SSR2 
               
               
                   
                 SSR5 
               
               
                   
                 SSRP1 
               
               
                   
                 SSX2IP 
               
               
                   
                 Stat1 
               
               
                   
                 Stat1 (N-Terminus) 
               
               
                   
                 Stat1 (pS727) 
               
               
                   
                 Stat1 (pY701) 
               
               
                   
                 Stat1Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Stat2 
               
               
                   
                 Stat3 
               
               
                   
                 Stat3 (pS727) 
               
               
                   
                 Stat3 (pY705) 
               
               
                   
                 Stat4 
               
               
                   
                 Stat4 (pY693) 
               
               
                   
                 Stat5 
               
               
                   
                 Stat5 (pY694) 
               
               
                   
                 Stat5a 
               
               
                   
                 Stat5b 
               
               
                   
                 Stat6 
               
               
                   
                 Stat6 (pY641) 
               
               
                   
                 Stathmin/Op18 Phospho (Ser16) 
               
               
                   
                 Stathmin1 
               
               
                   
                 Stefin B 
               
               
                   
                 Stem Cell Factor 
               
               
                   
                 STIM1 
               
               
                   
                 STK3 
               
               
                   
                 STK33 
               
               
                   
                 STK39 
               
               
                   
                 STOM 
               
               
                   
                 STRO1 
               
               
                   
                 STUB1 
               
               
                   
                 SULT1A1 
               
               
                   
                 SULT1A3/SULT1A4 
               
               
                   
                 SULT1C2 
               
               
                   
                 SULT2A1 
               
               
                   
                 SUMO1 
               
               
                   
                 SUMO2 
               
               
                   
                 SUMO3 
               
               
                   
                 SUN1 
               
               
                   
                 Suppressor of Fused 
               
               
                   
                 SUPT16H 
               
               
                   
                 Survivin 
               
               
                   
                 Survivin Phospho (Thr34) 
               
               
                   
                 SV40 Large T and Small t Antigens 
               
               
                   
                 SWC1a 
               
               
                   
                 SWC6 
               
               
                   
                 SYBL1 
               
               
                   
                 Syk 
               
               
                   
                 Syk (pY348) 
               
               
                   
                 Synapsin I 
               
               
                   
                 Synapsin II 
               
               
                   
                 Synaptojanin2 
               
               
                   
                 Synaptophysin 
               
               
                   
                 Syndecan4 
               
               
                   
                 SynGAP 
               
               
                   
                 Synip 
               
               
                   
                 Syntaxin 
               
               
                   
                 Syntaxin6 
               
               
                   
                 Syntrophin 
               
               
                   
                 SYWC 
               
               
                   
                 T cells (pan reactive) 
               
               
                   
                 T Lymphocytes 
               
               
                   
                 T- and B-Cell Activation Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 T7 tag 
               
               
                   
                 TAB1 
               
               
                   
                 TACE 
               
               
                   
                 TACI 
               
               
                   
                 TAF172 
               
               
                   
                 TAF250 
               
               
                   
                 TAG72 
               
               
                   
                 Talin1 
               
               
                   
                 Talin2 
               
               
                   
                 Tamm Horsfall (Uromucoid) 
               
               
                   
                 TANK1 
               
               
                   
                 TAP1 
               
               
                   
                 TAP2 
               
               
                   
                 TARDBP 
               
               
                   
                 TARP 
               
               
                   
                 Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 
               
               
                   
                 TAS1R1 
               
               
                   
                 Tau 
               
               
                   
                 TBA1B 
               
               
                   
                 Tbet 
               
               
                   
                 TBK1 (pS172) 
               
               
                   
                 TBX1 
               
               
                   
                 TC10 
               
               
                   
                 TCF3 
               
               
                   
                 TCF7L1 
               
               
                   
                 TCF7L2 
               
               
                   
                 TCL1 
               
               
                   
                 TCP1Î± 
               
               
                   
                 TCP1Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 TCR 
               
               
                   
                 TCR DO11.10 
               
               
                   
                 TCR HY 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ ± 11 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ ± 11.1/11.2b, d 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ ± 2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ ± 24 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ ± 24-JÎ ± 18 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ ± 3.2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ ± 3.2b, c 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ ± 7.2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ ± 8 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ ± 8.3 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 1 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 10a 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 10b 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 11 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 12 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 12b 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 13 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 13.1 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 13.2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 13.6 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 14 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 16 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 17 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 17Î± 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 18 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 20 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 21.3 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 22 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 23 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 3 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 4 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 5 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 5.1 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 5.1/5.2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 5.2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 5.3 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 6 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 7 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 7.1 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 7.2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 8 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 8.1/8.2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 8.2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 8.2/8.3 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 8.2/8.4 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 8.3 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 8.5 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 2 9 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 3 1.1 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 3 1.1/Î 3 1.2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 3 2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 3 3 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ 3 9 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ′1 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ′2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ′4 
               
               
                   
                 TCR VÎ′6.3/2 
               
               
                   
                 TCR Î± 
               
               
                   
                 TCR Î ± Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 TCR Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 TCR Î 3 Î′ 
               
               
                   
                 TCR Î¶ 
               
               
                   
                 TCTP 
               
               
                   
                 TdT 
               
               
                   
                 Tec 
               
               
                   
                 TEF1 
               
               
                   
                 TEM8 
               
               
                   
                 Tenascin C 
               
               
                   
                 TER119 
               
               
                   
                 TERF2 
               
               
                   
                 Terminal-Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase 
               
               
                   
                 TERT 
               
               
                   
                 Tetranectin 
               
               
                   
                 TFF3 
               
               
                   
                 TFIIB 
               
               
                   
                 TGF-Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 TGF-Î 2 1 
               
               
                   
                 TGF-Î 2 3 
               
               
                   
                 TGF-Î 2 R1 
               
               
                   
                 TGF-Î 2 R2 
               
               
                   
                 TGN38 
               
               
                   
                 TGN46 
               
               
                   
                 THAP11 
               
               
                   
                 THEMIS 
               
               
                   
                 Thioredoxin 
               
               
                   
                 Thioredoxin Reductase 1 
               
               
                   
                 ThPOK 
               
               
                   
                 Thrombin Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Thrombocyte 
               
               
                   
                 Thrombospondin 
               
               
                   
                 Thymidine Kinase 1 
               
               
                   
                 Thyroglobulin 
               
               
                   
                 TIA-1 
               
               
                   
                 TIAM2 
               
               
                   
                 Tie1 
               
               
                   
                 Tie2 (pY1102) 
               
               
                   
                 Tie2 (pY992) 
               
               
                   
                 TIF1Î 2  Phospho (Ser473) 
               
               
                   
                 TIGIT 
               
               
                   
                 Tim1 
               
               
                   
                 Tim2 
               
               
                   
                 Tim3 
               
               
                   
                 Tim3 Fc Fusion Protein 
               
               
                   
                 Tim4 
               
               
                   
                 Tim50 
               
               
                   
                 Timeless 
               
               
                   
                 TIMP1 
               
               
                   
                 TIMP2 
               
               
                   
                 TIP49A 
               
               
                   
                 TIRAP 
               
               
                   
                 TIS11b 
               
               
                   
                 TL1A 
               
               
                   
                 TLK1 
               
               
                   
                 TLR11 
               
               
                   
                 TLR12 
               
               
                   
                 CD285 
               
               
                   
                 TLR7 
               
               
                   
                 TLR8 
               
               
                   
                 TMEFF2 
               
               
                   
                 TMPS2 
               
               
                   
                 TMSA 
               
               
                   
                 TMTSP 
               
               
                   
                 TNAP 
               
               
                   
                 TNAP3 
               
               
                   
                 TNF-Î± 
               
               
                   
                 TNF-Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 TNFR Related Protein 
               
               
                   
                 TNPO3 
               
               
                   
                 Tollip 
               
               
                   
                 TOMM20 
               
               
                   
                 TOMM22 
               
               
                   
                 TOP1 
               
               
                   
                 TOP2A 
               
               
                   
                 TOP2B 
               
               
                   
                 TORC2 
               
               
                   
                 Torsin A 
               
               
                   
                 TOX 
               
               
                   
                 TPH1 
               
               
                   
                 TPPP 
               
               
                   
                 TPTE 
               
               
                   
                 TR11B 
               
               
                   
                 TRA-1-60 
               
               
                   
                 TRA-1-60R 
               
               
                   
                 TRA-1-81 
               
               
                   
                 TRA-2-49 
               
               
                   
                 TRA-2-54 
               
               
                   
                 TRADD 
               
               
                   
                 TRAF2 
               
               
                   
                 TRAF4 
               
               
                   
                 TRAF5 
               
               
                   
                 TRAF6 
               
               
                   
                 TRAM2 
               
               
                   
                 Transferrin 
               
               
                   
                 Transglutaminase 
               
               
                   
                 Transglutaminase2 
               
               
                   
                 Transketolase 
               
               
                   
                 TRAP1 
               
               
                   
                 TRAPPC2 
               
               
                   
                 TRAPÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 Trem-like 2 
               
               
                   
                 Trem-like 4 
               
               
                   
                 TRIB2 
               
               
                   
                 TRIB3 
               
               
                   
                 TRIM 
               
               
                   
                 TRIM25 
               
               
                   
                 TRIM29 
               
               
                   
                 TRK 
               
               
                   
                 TrkA 
               
               
                   
                 TrkC 
               
               
                   
                 Trop2 
               
               
                   
                 Tropomyosin 1 
               
               
                   
                 TROY 
               
               
                   
                 TRPC6 
               
               
                   
                 TRPM2 
               
               
                   
                 TRPM8 
               
               
                   
                 TRX1 
               
               
                   
                   Trypanosoma brucei  Major Lysosomal Protein 
               
               
                   
                   Trypanosoma brucei  procyclin (EP) 
               
               
                   
                   Trypanosoma congolense  procyclin 
               
               
                   
                   Trypanosoma cruzi  LPG 
               
               
                   
                 TSC2 Phospho (Ser664) 
               
               
                   
                 TSC2 Phospho (Thr1462) 
               
               
                   
                 TSG101 
               
               
                   
                 TSHR 
               
               
                   
                 TSLP 
               
               
                   
                 TSLP Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 TSPO 
               
               
                   
                 TTF1 
               
               
                   
                 Tubb3 
               
               
                   
                 Tuberin 
               
               
                   
                 Tubulin Î± 
               
               
                   
                 Tubulin Î ± 1B 
               
               
                   
                 Tubulin Î ± 4a 
               
               
                   
                 Tubulin Î ± 3E 
               
               
                   
                 Tubulin Î ± 8 
               
               
                   
                 Tubulin Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 Tubulin Î 2  class III 
               
               
                   
                 Tubulin Î 2 4 
               
               
                   
                 Tubulin Î 3   
               
               
                   
                 tumor antigens of epithelial origin 
               
               
                   
                 Twist2 
               
               
                   
                 TXNIP 
               
               
                   
                 TYK2 
               
               
                   
                 TYMS 
               
               
                   
                 Tyro3 
               
               
                   
                 Tyrosinase 
               
               
                   
                 Tyrosine Hydroxylase 
               
               
                   
                 UACA 
               
               
                   
                 UBA52 
               
               
                   
                 UBC9 
               
               
                   
                 UBE2 
               
               
                   
                 UBE2L3 
               
               
                   
                 UBE2L6 
               
               
                   
                 UBE2M 
               
               
                   
                 UBE2N 
               
               
                   
                 UBF 
               
               
                   
                 UBF1 
               
               
                   
                 Ubiquitin 
               
               
                   
                 UBK63 
               
               
                   
                 UCH37 
               
               
                   
                 UCK 
               
               
                   
                 UCP2 
               
               
                   
                 UCP3 
               
               
                   
                 UFM1 
               
               
                   
                 ULBP1 
               
               
                   
                 ULBP2 
               
               
                   
                 ULBP4 
               
               
                   
                 ULK3 
               
               
                   
                 UNC5A 
               
               
                   
                 UNC5B 
               
               
                   
                 UNG 
               
               
                   
                 uPA 
               
               
                   
                 UQCRC1 
               
               
                   
                 UQCRC2 
               
               
                   
                 Urm1 
               
               
                   
                 URP2 
               
               
                   
                 USF1 
               
               
                   
                 USP11 
               
               
                   
                 USP13 
               
               
                   
                 USP22 
               
               
                   
                 USP28 
               
               
                   
                 USP7 
               
               
                   
                 UTF1 
               
               
                   
                 V5 tag 
               
               
                   
                 VAMP5/8 
               
               
                   
                 VAP1 
               
               
                   
                 VASA 
               
               
                   
                 VASP 
               
               
                   
                 VAV1 
               
               
                   
                 VAV2 
               
               
                   
                 VAV3 
               
               
                   
                 VDAC1 
               
               
                   
                 VEGF 
               
               
                   
                 VEGF-120 
               
               
                   
                 VEGF-A 
               
               
                   
                 VEGF-R1 
               
               
                   
                 VELIS-3 
               
               
                   
                 VGLU1 
               
               
                   
                 Villin 
               
               
                   
                 Vimentin 
               
               
                   
                 Vinculin 
               
               
                   
                 Viperin 
               
               
                   
                 VIPR1 
               
               
                   
                 Vitamin D Binding protein 
               
               
                   
                 Vitamin D Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Vitronectin 
               
               
                   
                 VMAT2 
               
               
                   
                 vMyb/cMyb 
               
               
                   
                 von Willebrands factor 
               
               
                   
                 VRK1 
               
               
                   
                 VSV-G tag 
               
               
                   
                 WAPL 
               
               
                   
                 WASP 
               
               
                   
                 WC14 
               
               
                   
                 WC15 
               
               
                   
                 WCD44 
               
               
                   
                 WIP (pS488) 
               
               
                   
                 WNT1 
               
               
                   
                 WNT16 
               
               
                   
                 WNT2 
               
               
                   
                 WNT5B 
               
               
                   
                 WNT6 
               
               
                   
                 WSTF 
               
               
                   
                 WWOX 
               
               
                   
                 Xanthine Oxidase 
               
               
                   
                 XBP1 
               
               
                   
                 XBP1 (COOH terminus) 
               
               
                   
                 XBPs 
               
               
                   
                 XCL1 
               
               
                   
                 XIAP 
               
               
                   
                 XPC 
               
               
                   
                 XPNPEP3 
               
               
                   
                 XRCC2 
               
               
                   
                 XTP4 
               
               
                   
                 YAP1 
               
               
                   
                 YB1 
               
               
                   
                 YES1 
               
               
                   
                 YY1 
               
               
                   
                 ZAP-70 
               
               
                   
                 ZAP-70 (pY292) 
               
               
                   
                 ZAP-70 (pY319) 
               
               
                   
                 ZAP-70 (pY319)/Syk (pY352) 
               
               
                   
                 ZBP-1 
               
               
                   
                 ZIPK 
               
               
                   
                 ZO-1 (Mid) 
               
               
                   
                 ZONAB (Mid) 
               
               
                   
                 Zyxin 
               
               
                   
                 IL-33R 
               
               
                   
                 Globo H 
               
               
                   
                 CCL8 
               
               
                   
                 Siglec-G 
               
               
                   
                 CD307e 
               
               
                   
                 CLEC6 
               
               
                   
                 Snail1 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD1 (pS463/pS465)/SMAD8 (pS465/pS467) 
               
               
                   
                 SMAD2 (pS465/pS467)/SMAD3 (pS423/pS425) 
               
               
                   
                 GSK-3Î 2  (pY216) 
               
               
                   
                 NKX6.1 
               
               
                   
                 FAK (pY397) 
               
               
                   
                 Btk (pY223)/Itk (pY180) 
               
               
                   
                 ERK3 
               
               
                   
                 CD276Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 MCP-3 
               
               
                   
                 FcÂμR 
               
               
                   
                 CD238 
               
               
                   
                 beta2 Microglobulin [b, c] 
               
               
                   
                 Nucleostemin 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-49 (Central LRR) 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-49 (N-Terminal) 
               
               
                   
                 Phospholipase C Î 2 4 
               
               
                   
                 coilin 
               
               
                   
                 HNF1Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 Trinitrophenal 
               
               
                   
                 Annexin VII 
               
               
                   
                 CD301a 
               
               
                   
                 CD301b 
               
               
                   
                 mTOR (pS2448) 
               
               
                   
                 PI16 
               
               
                   
                 MSC (W5C5) 
               
               
                   
                 LAMP5 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-19 
               
               
                   
                 FPRL2 
               
               
                   
                 CXCL5 
               
               
                   
                 PAR2 
               
               
                   
                 PDGF-RÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 ULBP6 
               
               
                   
                 ULBP2/5/6 
               
               
                   
                 IL-17B Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 ULBP3 
               
               
                   
                 Arginase 1 
               
               
                   
                 Alkaline Phosphatase 
               
               
                   
                 ULBP3 
               
               
                   
                 TrkB 
               
               
                   
                 Osteocalcin 
               
               
                   
                 IL-22RÎ ± 1 
               
               
                   
                 APJ 
               
               
                   
                 IFN-Î±/Î 2  Receptor Subunit 2 
               
               
                   
                 FGFR3 
               
               
                   
                 SR-A1 
               
               
                   
                 Rae-1 (pan) 
               
               
                   
                 CXCL12 
               
               
                   
                 TREM2 
               
               
                   
                 Brachyury 
               
               
                   
                 CLEC5A 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î ± 7 
               
               
                   
                 Mer 
               
               
                   
                 XCR1 
               
               
                   
                 AML2 
               
               
                   
                 von Willebrands factor A2 
               
               
                   
                 MMP7 
               
               
                   
                 GLP-1R 
               
               
                   
                 FR1 
               
               
                   
                 IL-1RAcP 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-6 
               
               
                   
                 Leptin Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Caherin 6 
               
               
                   
                 IL-1R type II 
               
               
                   
                 Nectin4 
               
               
                   
                 Delta like protein 3 
               
               
                   
                 ChemR23 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-39 
               
               
                   
                 CD158b2 
               
               
                   
                 IL-10RÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 LRIG1 
               
               
                   
                 Neuropilin2 
               
               
                   
                 IL-10RÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 IL-18RÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 GPR-44 
               
               
                   
                 Eph Receptor B2 
               
               
                   
                 Glypican3 
               
               
                   
                 IFN-Î 3 R2 
               
               
                   
                 IL-17C Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 BMPR1B 
               
               
                   
                 IL-31RA 
               
               
                   
                 OCIL 
               
               
                   
                 Frizzled-7 
               
               
                   
                 IL-26 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-15 
               
               
                   
                 PlexinD1 
               
               
                   
                 CD158 
               
               
                   
                 FPR1 
               
               
                   
                 HBEGF 
               
               
                   
                 Vitamin D3 
               
               
                   
                 PlexinB1 
               
               
                   
                 Somatostatin Receptor 2 
               
               
                   
                 OV-6 
               
               
                   
                 CXCL16 
               
               
                   
                 Siglec-E 
               
               
                   
                 EDG5 
               
               
                   
                 Ninjurin-1 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î ± 9 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class II (I-Ed/j/k/p/r/u/v) 
               
               
                   
                 ThB 
               
               
                   
                 MAP-2 (2a &amp; 2b) 
               
               
                   
                 IgM Î¼-chain 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2b/p) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2s/p/q/d/u/r) 
               
               
                   
                 MHC Class I (H-2s/f) 
               
               
                   
                 CDw60 
               
               
                   
                 Bad Phospho (Ser112) 
               
               
                   
                 Caspase 3 Cleaved (Asp175) 
               
               
                   
                 Chk1 Phospho (Ser345) 
               
               
                   
                 Chk2 Phospho (Thr68) 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin D1 Phospho (Thr286) 
               
               
                   
                 cFos Phospho (Ser32) 
               
               
                   
                 FosB 
               
               
                   
                 GSK-3Î 2  (pSer9) 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H3 Acetylated (Lys9) 
               
               
                   
                 HS1 Phospho (Tyr397) 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp27 Phospho (Ser82) 
               
               
                   
                 ID3 
               
               
                   
                 CD221Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 Phospho-IRAK4 (Thr345/Ser346) 
               
               
                   
                 Phospho-cJun (Ser73) 
               
               
                   
                 S6 (pS240/pS244) 
               
               
                   
                 Syk (pY525/pY526) 
               
               
                   
                 C23 
               
               
                   
                 Hemoglobin Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 CD221Î± 
               
               
                   
                 p27 
               
               
                   
                 cJun Phospho (Ser63) 
               
               
                   
                 PPARÎ 3   
               
               
                   
                 ENPP1 
               
               
                   
                 PILRÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 PILRÎ 2   
               
               
                   
                 Twist1 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin M 
               
               
                   
                 CD302 
               
               
                   
                 CD66d 
               
               
                   
                 CLEC14A 
               
               
                   
                 CD242 
               
               
                   
                 Syndecan2 
               
               
                   
                 IL-32Î± 
               
               
                   
                 CDO 
               
               
                   
                 Cryptic 
               
               
                   
                 Endothelin B Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 FR3 
               
               
                   
                 IGSF3 
               
               
                   
                 CD85f 
               
               
                   
                 Matriptase 
               
               
                   
                 MCEMP1 
               
               
                   
                 mGluR4 
               
               
                   
                 Stabilin1 
               
               
                   
                 Stabilin2 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin 13 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-109A 
               
               
                   
                 TSPAN8 
               
               
                   
                 Reg1A 
               
               
                   
                 Cadherin 12 
               
               
                   
                 ECE1 
               
               
                   
                 FABP5 
               
               
                   
                 IGSF4C 
               
               
                   
                 Trem-like 1 
               
               
                   
                 Activin A Receptor Type IIA 
               
               
                   
                 ALK7 
               
               
                   
                 BCAM 
               
               
                   
                 BLAME 
               
               
                   
                 CEACAM4 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-3 
               
               
                   
                 CLP24 
               
               
                   
                 CRHR1 
               
               
                   
                 DC-STAMP 
               
               
                   
                 Eph Receptor B3 
               
               
                   
                 FATP4 
               
               
                   
                 FcRL1 
               
               
                   
                 FcRL2 
               
               
                   
                 FcRL3 
               
               
                   
                 FSH-R 
               
               
                   
                 Gi24 
               
               
                   
                 Histamine H1 Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 NeuSGc 
               
               
                   
                 Lin28A 
               
               
                   
                 IL-33RÎ± 
               
               
                   
                 ATM (pSer1981) 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î ± 8 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î 2 7 
               
               
                   
                 Integrin Î 2 8 
               
               
                   
                 CD158k 
               
               
                   
                 KOR 
               
               
                   
                 CD85i 
               
               
                   
                 LRIG3 
               
               
                   
                 LRP4 
               
               
                   
                 MMP16 
               
               
                   
                 MS4A4A 
               
               
                   
                 NAALADase-like 2 
               
               
                   
                 Neuropeptide Y receptor t ype 1 
               
               
                   
                 Oncostatin M Receptor Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 MS4A3 
               
               
                   
                 PEAR1 
               
               
                   
                 PEDF Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 PlexinA4 
               
               
                   
                 Protocadherin1 
               
               
                   
                 ROBO2 
               
               
                   
                 ROBO4 
               
               
                   
                 EDG8 
               
               
                   
                 Scavenger receptor A5 
               
               
                   
                 Semaphorin 4A 
               
               
                   
                 Semaphorin 4B 
               
               
                   
                 Semaphorin 6A 
               
               
                   
                 Siglec-16 
               
               
                   
                 Somatostatin Receptor 3 
               
               
                   
                 STING 
               
               
                   
                 GPBAR1 
               
               
                   
                 TM4SF4 
               
               
                   
                 TMEM87A 
               
               
                   
                 TSPAN2 
               
               
                   
                 VEGF-R1, 2, 3 
               
               
                   
                 ADAM15 
               
               
                   
                 Calreticulin2 
               
               
                   
                 Complement Factor H-related 4 
               
               
                   
                 CXCL6 
               
               
                   
                 CD158a/h/b2/f/g 
               
               
                   
                 Ea52-68 peptide bound to I-Ab 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-Bw4 
               
               
                   
                 ATF1 Phospho (Ser63) 
               
               
                   
                 Epiregulin 
               
               
                   
                 FATP1 
               
               
                   
                 Fibromodulin 
               
               
                   
                 Furin 
               
               
                   
                 Galanin 
               
               
                   
                 IL-11 
               
               
                   
                 CD306 
               
               
                   
                 MFG-E8 
               
               
                   
                 MINA 
               
               
                   
                 Oct4A 
               
               
                   
                 OLIG1, 2, 3 
               
               
                   
                 Oncostatin M 
               
               
                   
                 Semaphorin 3E 
               
               
                   
                 Slug 
               
               
                   
                 SOX3 
               
               
                   
                 STYK1 
               
               
                   
                 LTBP1 
               
               
                   
                 TIMP3 
               
               
                   
                 VAP-B 
               
               
                   
                 WNT9a 
               
               
                   
                 5HT2C 
               
               
                   
                 AATK 
               
               
                   
                 ACLP 
               
               
                   
                 ADAMTS15 
               
               
                   
                 alpha 1B Adrenoreceptor 
               
               
                   
                 APLP1 
               
               
                   
                 Fluorescein/Oregon Green 
               
               
                   
                 RXR-Î 2   
               
               
                   
                 L3MBTL3 
               
               
                   
                 CCL1 
               
               
                   
                 PRDM4 
               
               
                   
                 ACTH 
               
               
                   
                 PDZ binding kinase 
               
               
                   
                 HuC/HuD neuronal protein 
               
               
                   
                 TDRD3 
               
               
                   
                 EP300 
               
               
                   
                 Carbonic Anhydrase VI 
               
               
                   
                 Cholecystokinin A Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 CCL23 
               
               
                   
                 CD1e 
               
               
                   
                 Chondrolectin 
               
               
                   
                 Chordin-Like 2 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-10b 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-11 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-12 
               
               
                   
                 Claudin-17 
               
               
                   
                 CLEC2A 
               
               
                   
                 Coagulation Factor VII 
               
               
                   
                 CXCL1/2/3 
               
               
                   
                 DDR2 
               
               
                   
                 DPCR1 
               
               
                   
                 Dipeptidyl peptidase 6 
               
               
                   
                 Epithelial membrane protein 3 
               
               
                   
                 Endoglycan 
               
               
                   
                 Calgranulin C 
               
               
                   
                 FATP2 
               
               
                   
                 FATP5 
               
               
                   
                 FcRLB 
               
               
                   
                 GLP-2R 
               
               
                   
                 GLUT3 
               
               
                   
                 Glypican6 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-22 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-37 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-37L1 
               
               
                   
                 INSRR 
               
               
                   
                 LINGO1 
               
               
                   
                 LINGO2 
               
               
                   
                 mGluR2 
               
               
                   
                 mGluR7 
               
               
                   
                 MMP25 
               
               
                   
                 Neuromedin B Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 NRAGE 
               
               
                   
                 Osteoactivin 
               
               
                   
                 Porimin 
               
               
                   
                 Prokineticin Receptor 1 
               
               
                   
                 Prominin2 
               
               
                   
                 Semaphorin 3A 
               
               
                   
                 SLAP-130 
               
               
                   
                 Somatostatin Receptor 5 
               
               
                   
                 SCARF1 
               
               
                   
                 STAMP2 
               
               
                   
                 TAFA3 
               
               
                   
                 TAFA4 
               
               
                   
                 TM4SF18 
               
               
                   
                 Tuberous Sclerosis 1 
               
               
                   
                 TCF8 
               
               
                   
                 CMG2 
               
               
                   
                 IL-17D Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Macrophage Stimulating Protein Receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Siglec-11 
               
               
                   
                 Syndecan3 
               
               
                   
                 TGF-Î 2 R3 
               
               
                   
                 CD85e 
               
               
                   
                 SOX7 
               
               
                   
                 Activin A Receptor Type IA 
               
               
                   
                 Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 15 
               
               
                   
                 CD300b 
               
               
                   
                 CELSR3 
               
               
                   
                 Coagulation Factor II 
               
               
                   
                 DC-SCRIPT 
               
               
                   
                 DSCAM-L1 
               
               
                   
                 FLRT1 
               
               
                   
                 Frizzled-6 
               
               
                   
                 Glypican1 
               
               
                   
                 IGSF4B 
               
               
                   
                 IL-1R9 
               
               
                   
                 BAZ2B 
               
               
                   
                 BRD4 
               
               
                   
                 Kell 
               
               
                   
                 Kremen2 
               
               
                   
                 LAX1 
               
               
                   
                 CD85c 
               
               
                   
                 MIF 
               
               
                   
                 Neprilysin2 
               
               
                   
                 OBCAM 
               
               
                   
                 PlexinC1 
               
               
                   
                 RGM-B 
               
               
                   
                 Wilmsâ     ™ Tumor protein 1 
               
               
                   
                 Xg 
               
               
                   
                 DCBLD2 
               
               
                   
                 ASAM 
               
               
                   
                 Desmocollin1 
               
               
                   
                 Frizzled-3 
               
               
                   
                 MMP24 
               
               
                   
                 TOR 
               
               
                   
                 WNT3a 
               
               
                   
                 Glypican5 
               
               
                   
                 Jagged1/Jagged2 
               
               
                   
                 Pax3 
               
               
                   
                 CELSR2 
               
               
                   
                 Cyclin D1/D2 
               
               
                   
                 PlexinA2 
               
               
                   
                 TAFA5 
               
               
                   
                 FR4 
               
               
                   
                 CD315 
               
               
                   
                 NKG2I 
               
               
                   
                 RAMP2 
               
               
                   
                 TNFRH3 
               
               
                   
                 Biotin 
               
               
                   
                 GPVI 
               
               
                   
                 MS4A4B 
               
               
                   
                 PIR-B 
               
               
                   
                 Semaphorin 4F 
               
               
                   
                 IL-1F6 
               
               
                   
                 CD39L3 
               
               
                   
                 Contactin 3 
               
               
                   
                 CLEC4B 
               
               
                   
                 MC3R 
               
               
                   
                 PGRP-L 
               
               
                   
                 PLET1 
               
               
                   
                 ADAM9 
               
               
                   
                 AMIGO3 
               
               
                   
                 CD99-L2 
               
               
                   
                 Eph Receptor A5 
               
               
                   
                 Ephrin B2 
               
               
                   
                 CD316 
               
               
                   
                 Kremen1 
               
               
                   
                 Eph Receptor B1 
               
               
                   
                 PlexinB3 
               
               
                   
                 DMBT1 
               
               
                   
                 FcRn 
               
               
                   
                 LIMPII 
               
               
                   
                 MUCDHL 
               
               
                   
                 Patched1 
               
               
                   
                 SLC39A4 
               
               
                   
                 IGSF4A 
               
               
                   
                 PRAT4B 
               
               
                   
                 HHV8-ORF74 
               
               
                   
                 4E-BP1 Phospho (Thr36/45) 
               
               
                   
                 4E-BP1 Phospho (Thr69) 
               
               
                   
                 DCAR1 
               
               
                   
                 Von Hippel-Lindau 
               
               
                   
                 Isotype Control 
               
               
                   
                 Granzyme M 
               
               
                   
                 REA Isotype Control 
               
               
                   
                 CD300LG 
               
               
                   
                 MR1 
               
               
                   
                 CD327 
               
               
                   
                 B7-H6 
               
               
                   
                 CLEC4G 
               
               
                   
                 BATF3 
               
               
                   
                 IL-38 
               
               
                   
                 Monocarboxylic Acid Transporter 1 
               
               
                   
                 MC5R 
               
               
                   
                 TCF7 
               
               
                   
                 TM4SF1 
               
               
                   
                 GPR-49 (CRL Region) 
               
               
                   
                 CD156a 
               
               
                   
                 ADAM33 
               
               
                   
                 ADAMTS13 
               
               
                   
                 CCL16 
               
               
                   
                 CXCL17 
               
               
                   
                 Deltex1 
               
               
                   
                 FBXO15 
               
               
                   
                 GPR34 
               
               
                   
                 GPRC5A 
               
               
                   
                 Proinsulin 
               
               
                   
                 JAK1 
               
               
                   
                 MEP1A 
               
               
                   
                 Hypocretin receptor 2 
               
               
                   
                 p70S6K 
               
               
                   
                 RAE-1Îμ 
               
               
                   
                 STRA6 
               
               
                   
                 FcÎ 3 RIIA 
               
               
                   
                 Insulin R/IGF-I R Heterotetramer 
               
               
                   
                 SPARCL1 
               
               
                   
                 Spi-B 
               
               
                   
                 TRAM 
               
               
                   
                 Carboxypeptidase E 
               
               
                   
                 Islet Cell Autoantigen 1 
               
               
                   
                 Patched2 
               
               
                   
                 ST8SIA2 
               
               
                   
                 AML1 (pS249) 
               
               
                   
                 AMPKÎ 2 1 (pS182) 
               
               
                   
                 BRF1/2 
               
               
                   
                 Histone H3 Phospho (Thr11) 
               
               
                   
                 MEK1 (pT286) 
               
               
                   
                 MMP16 
               
               
                   
                 MNK Phospho (T197/T202) 
               
               
                   
                 NUMB 
               
               
                   
                 Hsp27 Phospho (Ser78) 
               
               
                   
                 PKCÎ, (pT538) 
               
               
                   
                 SIRT1 (pS47) 
               
               
                   
                 ZAP-70 (pY493) 
               
               
                   
                 ZAP-70 (pY315/pY319) 
               
               
                   
                 sRAGE 
               
               
                   
                 mCherry 
               
               
                   
                 PI 3 Kinase regulatroy subunit Î± 
               
               
                   
                 TIMP4 
               
               
                   
                 SRC 
               
               
                   
                 ZAP-70 (pT493) 
               
               
                   
                 TSC2 Phospho (S939) 
               
               
                   
                 RagC 
               
               
                   
                 SHIP2 
               
               
                   
                 MKK4 (pS257) 
               
               
                   
                 CD79a (pY182) 
               
               
                   
                 TRAF1 
               
               
                   
                 EVI1 
               
               
                   
                 SRC3 
               
               
                   
                 SOX11 
               
               
                   
                 IL-17F homodimer 
               
               
                   
                 CCRL1 
               
               
                   
                 FOXP2 
               
               
                   
                 IFNAR2 
               
               
                   
                 REA Control 
               
               
                   
                 CD228 
               
               
                   
                 Muc-13 
               
               
                   
                 P2X7R 
               
               
                   
                 Btk (pY223/Itk (pY180) 
               
               
                   
                 CD248 
               
               
                   
                 GILT 
               
               
                   
                 Recoverin 
               
               
                   
                 Cardiac Troponin I 
               
               
                   
                 PTF1Î± 
               
               
                   
                 NKX2.2 
               
               
                   
                 HLA-B7/B27 
               
               
                   
                 Myosin light chain 2a 
               
               
                   
                 Myosin light chain 2v 
               
               
                   
                 Epithelial Antigen 
               
               
                   
                 CD79Î ± cy 
               
               
                   
                 CD92 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In one embodiment, a plurality of hydrogel particles is used to determine the dynamic range and/or sensitivity of detection of a particular cell surface marker or combination thereof on a population of target cells. For example, the population of hydrogel particles can be tuned to have the SSC and/or FSC profile of the target cell, and subpopulations of the hydrogel particle are derivatized with a specific number of copies of a cell surface marker, e.g., a cell surface receptor, or a domain thereof, for example, an epitope binding region thereof. For example, individual subpopulations of hydrogel particles can each be derivatized to have a unique number of copies, e.g., one subpopulation will contain 100 copies of a cell surface marker, a second subpopulation will contain 1,000 copies of the same cell surface marker, a third subpopulation will contain 10,000 copies of the same cell surface marker, etc. The populations of hydrogel particles are fluorescently stained for the respective cell surface marker and fluorescence is detected for hydrogel particles in each subpopulation. In this regard, the subpopulations of hydrogel particles can be used to generate a standard curve of fluorescence emission for target cells with the respective cell marker. The cell surface marker can be any of the cell surface markers provided thereof, or binding regions thereof, or a cell surface marker known to one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     Hydrogel particles of the disclosure behave similarly to target cells in procedures such as staining and analysis by flow cytometry or FACS. For example, in one embodiment, a hydrogel particle has one or more optical properties substantially similar to one of the cell types set forth in Table 1, Table 2 or Table 3. 
     In some embodiments, a target cell is an immune cell. Non-limiting examples of immune cells include B lymphocytes, also called B cells, T lymphocytes, also called T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, granulocytes, mast cells, platelets, Langerhans cells, stem cells, dendritic cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, tumor infiltrating (TIL) cells, gene modified immune cells including hybridomas, drug modified immune cells, and derivatives, precursors or progenitors of any of the cell types listed herein. 
     In some embodiments, a target cell encompasses all cells of a particular class of cell with shared properties. For example, a target cell can be a lymphocyte, including NK cells, T cells, and B cells. A target cell can be an activated lymphocyte. 
     In some embodiments, a target cell is a primary cell, cultured cell, established cell, normal cell, transformed cell, infected cell, stably transfected cell, transiently transfected cell, proliferating cell, or terminally differentiated cells. 
     In one embodiment, a target cell is a primary neuronal cell. A variety of neurons can be target cells. As non-limiting examples, a target cell can be a primary neuron; established neuron; transformed neuron; stably transfected neuron; or motor or sensory neuron. 
     In other embodiments, a target cell is selected from the group consisting of: primary lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. 
     A target cell can be virtually any type of cell, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 
     Suitable prokaryotic target cells include, but are not limited to, bacteria such as  E. coli , various  Bacillus  species, and the extremophile bacteria such as thermophiles. 
     Suitable eukaryotic target cells include, but are not limited to, fungi such as yeast and filamentous fungi, including species of  Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Trichoderma , and  Neurospora ; plant cells including those of corn, sorghum, tobacco, canola, soybean, cotton, tomato, potato, alfalfa, sunflower, etc.; and animal cells, including fish, birds and mammals. Suitable fish cells include, but are not limited to, those from species of salmon, trout, tilapia, tuna, carp, flounder, halibut, swordfish, cod and zebrafish. Suitable bird cells include, but are not limited to, those of chickens, ducks, quail, pheasants and turkeys, and other jungle foul or game birds. Suitable mammalian cells include, but are not limited to, cells from horses, cows, buffalo, deer, sheep, rabbits, rodents such as mice, rats, hamsters and guinea pigs, goats, pigs, primates, marine mammals including dolphins and whales, as well as cell lines, such as human cell lines of any tissue or stem cell type, and stem cells, including pluripotent and non-pluripotent, and non-human zygotes. 
     Suitable cells also include those cell types implicated in a wide variety of disease conditions, even while in a non-diseased state. Accordingly, suitable eukaryotic cell types include, but are not limited to, tumor cells of all types (e.g., melanoma, myeloid leukemia, carcinomas of the lung, breast, ovaries, colon, kidney, prostate, pancreas and testes), cardiomyocytes, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, lymphocytes (T-cell and B cell), mast cells, eosinophils, vascular intimal cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, erythrocytes, hepatocytes, leukocytes including mononuclear leukocytes, stem cells such as hematopoietic, neural, skin, lung, kidney, liver and myocyte stem cells (for use in screening for differentiation and de-differentiation factors), osteoclasts, chondrocytes and other connective tissue cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, liver cells, kidney cells, and adipocytes. In certain embodiments, the cells are primary disease state cells, such as primary tumor cells. Suitable cells also include known research cells, including, but not limited to, Jurkat T cells, NIH3T3 cells, CHO, COS, etc. See the ATCC cell line catalog, hereby expressly incorporated by reference. 
     In some embodiments, a target cell is a tumor microvesicle or tumor macrovesicle. Tumor microvesicles, also known as tumor-secreted microvesicles or tumor-secreted exosomes, can be found in circulating blood and may have immune-suppressive activities. Tumor microvesicles typically range in size from 30-200 nm in diameter. Larger tumor micro vesicles may be referred to as tumor macro vesicles, and can range in size from 3-10 μm in diameter. 
     The hydrogel particles described herein can be employed in any flow cytometer known to those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, one or more of the flow cytometers provided in Table 9 below are amenable for use with the hydrogels and assays described herein. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Instruments for use with embodiments described herein 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Instrument 
                 Manufacturer 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 MACSQuant ® Analyzer 10 
                 Miltenyi 
               
               
                   
                 MACSQuant ® VYB 
                 Miltenyi 
               
               
                   
                 BD FACSCalibur ™ 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD FACSCanto ™ High Throughput  
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Sampler 
                   
               
               
                   
                 BD FACSCanto II 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD FACSCanto ™ 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD FACSCount ™ 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD Accuri ™ C6 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD LSRFortessa ™ X-20 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD FACSCanto ™ II 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD LSR II 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD LSRFortessa ™ 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD FACSVerse ™ 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD FACSAria ™ Fusion 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD FACSAria ™ 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD FACSAria ™ III 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD FACSJazz ™ 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 BD Influx ™ 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Fortessa X50. 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 FlowSight Flow Cytometer 
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Guava easyCyte 6-2 L Benchtop  
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Flow Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 guava easyCyte 5 HT Benchtop  
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Flow Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 guava easyCyte 8 Benchtop  
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Flow Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 guava easyCyte 5 Benchtop  
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Flow Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 guava easyCyte 8 HT Benchtop  
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Flow Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 guava easyCyte 6 HT-2 L Benchtop  
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Flow Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 ImageStreamX Mark II Imaging  
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Flow Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Muse Cell Analyzer 
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 guava easyCyte 12 HT Benchtop  
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Flow Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 guava easyCyte 12 Benchtop  
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Flow Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 S3e ™ Cell Sorter 
                 Bio-Rad 
               
               
                   
                 S3 ™ Cell Sorter 
                 Bio-Rad 
               
               
                   
                 Avalon Cell Sorter 
                 Bio-Rad/Propel Labs 
               
               
                   
                 CytoFLEX 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 FP 1000 Cell Preparation System 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 Vi-CELL ® XR Cell Viability  
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 Analyzer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 FC 500 Series 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 MoFlo ® Astrios ™ 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 Coulter Epics XL ™ and  
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 XL-MCL ™ 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Gallios ™ 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 CyAn ™ ADP Analyzer 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 Attune ™ Acoustic Focusing  
                 Life Technologies 
               
               
                   
                 Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Attune ® NxT Acoustic Focusing  
                 Life Technologies 
               
               
                   
                 Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 EVOS 
                 Life Technologies 
               
               
                   
                 Countess II FL 
                 Life Technologies 
               
               
                   
                 EC800 Cell Analyzer 
                 Sony 
               
               
                   
                 SH800 Cell Sorter 
                 Sony 
               
               
                   
                 SP6800 Spectral Analyzer 
                 Sony 
               
               
                   
                 SY3200 Cell Sorter 
                 Sony 
               
               
                   
                 A50-Micro′ 
                 Apogee Flow Systems 
               
               
                   
                 A50-Universal 
                 Apogee Flow Systems 
               
               
                   
                 Auto40 
                 Apogee Flow Systems 
               
               
                   
                 FlowSight 
                 Amnis 
               
               
                   
                 lmageStream x  Mark II 
                 Amnis 
               
               
                   
                 JSAN 
                 Bay Bioscience 
               
               
                   
                 CytoSense 
                 CytoBuoy 
               
               
                   
                 CytoSub 
                 CytoBuoy 
               
               
                   
                 CytoSense 
                 CytoBuoy 
               
               
                   
                 CytoBuoy 
                 CytoBuoy 
               
               
                   
                 Cytonome Viva ™ G1 
                 CYTONOME 
               
               
                   
                 GigaSort ™ 
                 CYTONOME 
               
               
                   
                 Hydris 
                 CYTONOME 
               
               
                   
                 Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer 
                 Agilent Technologies 
               
               
                   
                 NovoCyte 
                 ACEA Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 CyFlow ® Space 
                 Partec technology 
               
               
                   
                 CyFlow ® Cube 8 
                 Partec technology 
               
               
                   
                 CyFlow ® Cube 6 
                 Partec technology 
               
               
                   
                 CyFlow ® Ploidy Analyser 
                 Partec technology 
               
               
                   
                 CyFlow ® Counter 
                 Partec technology 
               
               
                   
                 CyFlow ® miniPOC 
                 Partec technology 
               
               
                   
                 CyFlow ® SL 
                 Partec technology 
               
               
                   
                 CyFlow ® Sorter 
                 Partec technology 
               
               
                   
                 CyFlow ® CCA 
                 Partec technology 
               
               
                   
                 CyFlow ® Oenolyser 
                 Partec technology 
               
               
                   
                 NucleoCounter ® NC-3000 ™ 
                 Chemometec 
               
               
                   
                 NucleoCounter ® NC-250 ™ 
                 Chemometec 
               
               
                   
                 NucleoCounter ® NC-200 ™-High  
                 Chemometec 
               
               
                   
                 Precision Cell Counter 
                   
               
               
                   
                 HPC-100 Portable Flow Cytometer 
                 Cronus Technologies Ltd 
               
               
                   
                 Cytell Cell Imaging System 
                 GE Healthcare 
               
               
                   
                 MAGPIX 
                 Luminex 
               
               
                   
                 Luminex ® 100/200 ™ System 
                 Luminex 
               
               
                   
                 FLEXMAP 3D ® 
                 Luminex 
               
               
                   
                 ImageXpress ® Velos Laser  
                 molecular devices 
               
               
                   
                 Scanning Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 ClonePix ™ 2 
                 molecular devices 
               
               
                   
                 SpectraMax® 3 
                 molecular devices 
               
               
                   
                 AQ1 Discrete Analyzer 
                 SEAL Analytical Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 AQ2 Discrete Analyzer 
                 SEAL Analytical Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 AQ400 Discrete Analyzer 
                 SEAL Analytical Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 AQUA 900 
                 SEAL Analytical Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 AA3 HR AutoAnalyzer 
                 SEAL Analytical Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 AA1 AutoAnalyzer 
                 SEAL Analytical Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 QuAAtro39 
                 SEAL Analytical Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 Infralyzer 2000 
                 SEAL Analytical Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 Technicon AutoAnalyzer II  
                 SEAL Analytical Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 (AAII) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Technicon/Bran + Luebbe  
                 SEAL Analytical Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 TrAAcs 800-2000 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Bran + Luebbe FIA Analyzer 
                 SEAL Analytical Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 BioSorter ® Large Particle  
                 Union Biometrica, Inc. 
               
               
                   
                 Flow Cytometer 
                   
               
               
                   
                 COPAS ™ Large Particle  
                 Union Biometrica, Inc. 
               
               
                   
                 Flow Cytometers 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cellometer Mini Cell Counter 
                 Nexcelom 
               
               
                   
                 Cellometer Auto T4 Cell  
                 Nexcelom 
               
               
                   
                 Viability Counter 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cellometer Auto X4 Cell  
                 Nexcelom 
               
               
                   
                 Viability Counter 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cellometer Auto 1000 Cell  
                 Nexcelom 
               
               
                   
                 Viability Counter 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cellometer Auto 2000 Cell  
                 Nexcelom 
               
               
                   
                 Viability Counter 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cellometer Vision CBA 
                 Nexcelom 
               
               
                   
                 Celigo S 
                 Nexcelom 
               
               
                   
                 NovoCyte ™ 1000 
                 ACEA 
               
               
                   
                 NovoCyte ™ 2000 
                 ACEA 
               
               
                   
                 NovoCyte ™ 2060 
                 ACEA 
               
               
                   
                 NovoCyte ™ 3000 
                 ACEA 
               
               
                   
                 HPC-100 
                 Handyem 
               
               
                   
                 S1000EXi 
                 Stratedigm 
               
               
                   
                 SE520Xi 
                 Stratedigm 
               
               
                   
                 Sysmex ® DI-60 
                 Sysmex 
               
               
                   
                 CellaVision ® DM96 
                 Sysmex 
               
               
                   
                 CellaVision ® DM1200 
                 Sysmex 
               
               
                   
                 Cytation 
                 BioTek 
               
               
                   
                 EasyCell Assistant 
                 Medica 
               
               
                   
                 IN Cell Analyzer 
                 GE Healthcare 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Fluorish List 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Big Blue 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Kermit 
                 Miltenyi 
               
               
                   
                 ac6 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 srDAs 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 a 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 FACSCanto II Immunology 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Test Cyt 
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 milt 
                 Miltenyi 
               
               
                   
                 ac 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 ietest 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Curiel&#39;s Aria 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 AttuneA ® Acoustic Focusing  
                 Life Technologies 
               
               
                   
                 Cytometer Blue/Violet 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Medawar LSRH 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Medawar Calibur 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 FACSAria INER 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Attune R/A 
                 Life Technologies 
               
               
                   
                 Fortessa 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Aria 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 SORTER 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Cyan 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 LSR II 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 ARIA 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Canto II 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 F09-LSR Fortessa 1 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 “The Hoff” 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 6th Floor Hess Fortessa A 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Cerebro BDFACSAriaII 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Mystique BDFACSAriaIII 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Godzilla BDFACSAriaII 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Wolverine BDFACSAriaII 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Megatron BDFACSAriaII 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Megatron BDFACSAriaII 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Fortessa B 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 6 colour Canto II 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 10 colour LSR II 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 4 laser 13 colour Influx sorter 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 14 colour X20 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 SORP 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 FACSAria INER 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSR561 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Fortessa FCF UZH 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSR 2 B 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSRII-C 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Cal 3 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Aria II A 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSR 16 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSB Fortessa 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 IMMUN LSRII 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 IRC 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 UV LSR 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 5 Laser Aria 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Curiel&#39;s LSR II 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSR Fortessa 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Mauzeroll Aria 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Frenette 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Fallon 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 Galios 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 LSRIIFortessa 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 FACSCanto II CLSB 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSR II SC 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 UNCA Fortessa 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 VERSE 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 ARIAII 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 ARIAIII 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 F09-BD LSRFortessa 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 HMRI FACSCanto II A 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 HMRI FACSCantoII B (HTS) 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 HMRI Aria III 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 L2 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 UoN Canto 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSRII M902 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Fortessa 1 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 F05-FACSAria 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 F02-FACSAria III 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 F10-BD FACSAria III 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 F03-Guava 
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Aria Blue 11 Color 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Aria Red 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Aria Orange 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Aria Cyan 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Aria Emerald 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Aria Silver BSL3 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSR Fortessa 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSRII Bldg 4 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSR Fortessa bldg 4 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 CANTO II Bldg 50 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 4 Laser LSR II 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 5 Laser LSR II 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 FACSArray BL-2 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 FACSCalibur 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 DUAL for long term studies 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 MoFlo 1095 Production only 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 BL-2 FACSAria III sorter 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Astrios BL-2 sorter 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 Tessy 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSR II-1 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Fortessa 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 4 laser AriaIII 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSRFortessa 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 UoN FACSAria II cell sorter 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Door 
                 Beckman Coulter 
               
               
                   
                 Fortessa 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 WCI-FACSAria I 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 LSRII Karp8 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Karp 8 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Canto 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Aria sorter 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 DI lab 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 DI FACSAria 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Constance 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 DI FACSAria III 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 WCI_FACS Canto 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 MACSQuant 10 
                 Miltenyi 
               
               
                   
                 VAMC Memphis LSR 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 VAMC Memphis S3 
                 Bio-Rad 
               
               
                   
                 ARIA INER 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Uhura 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Kirk 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 Data 
                 Millipore 
               
               
                   
                 Spock 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
                 McCoy 
                 BD Biosciences 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLES 
     The present invention is further illustrated by reference to the following Examples. However, it should be noted that these Examples, like the embodiments described above, are illustrative and are not to be construed as restricting the scope of the invention in any way. 
     Example 1: Generation of Hydrogel Particles 
     Photomasks for UV lithography were sourced from CADart Services Inc. and were designed using AutoCad (AutoDesk, Inc.). SU-8 photo resist (Microchem, Inc.) was photo crosslinked on 4″ silicon wafers using a collimated UV light source (OAI, Inc.) to create masters for microfluidic device fabrication. PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane, Sigma Aldrich, Inc.) was prepared and formed using standard published methods for soft lithography and microfluidic device fabrication (See, McDonald J C, et al., 2000, Electrophoresis 21:27-40). 
     Droplets were formed using flow-focusing geometry where two oil channels focus a central stream of aqueous monomer solution to break off droplets in a water-in-oil emulsion. A fluorocarbon-oil (Novec 7500 3M, Inc.) was used as the outer, continuous phase liquid for droplet formation. To stabilize droplets before polymerization, a surfactant was added at 0.5% w/w to the oil phase (ammonium carboxylate salt of Krytox 157 FSH, Dupont). To make the basic polyacrylamide gel particle, a central phase of an aqueous monomer solution containing N-acrylamide (1-20% w/v), a cross-linker (N,N′-bisacrylamide, 0.05-1% w/v), an accelerator, and ammonium persulfate (1% w/v) was used. An accelerator, (N,N,N′,N′tetramethylethylenediamine (2% vol %) was added to the oil-phase in order to trigger hydrogel particle polymerization after droplet formation. 
     Several co-monomers were added to the basic gel formulation to add functionality. Allyl-amine provided primary amine groups for secondary labeling after gel formation. We modulated forward scatter by adjusting the refractive index of the gel by adding co-monomers allyl acrylate and allyl methacrylate. Side scattering of the droplets was tuned by adding a colloidal suspension of silica nanoparticles and/or PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) particles (˜100 nm) to the central aqueous phase prior to polymerization. 
     Stoichiometric multiplexing of the hydrogel particles was achieved by utilizing co-monomers containing chemically orthogonal side groups (amine, carboxyl, maleimide, epoxide, alkyne, etc.) for secondary labeling. 
     Droplets were formed at an average rate of 5 kHz and were collected in the fluorocarbon oil phase. Polymerization was completed at 50° C. for 30 minutes, and the resulting hydrogel particles were washed from the oil into an aqueous solution. 
     Example 2: Generation and Visualization of 12 11m Hydrogel Particles 
     Water containing 5% acrylamide, 0.25% bisacrylamide, 0.05% allyl amine, and 0.1% ammonium persulfate was flowed through a center channel and focused by oil containing 0.1% ILMED through a 10 micron nozzle to produce 10 μm hydrogel particles, shown in  FIG.  3 A . Following polymerization, the particles were washed in water, shown in  FIG.  3 B , and conjugated to dyes of interest. The fluorescent hydrogel particles were visualized with fluorescence microscopy, shown in  FIG.  3 C . 
     Example 3: Multidimensional Tuning of Hydrogel Particle Optical Properties 
     As depicted in  FIG.  4   , hydrogel particles are tuned in multiple dimensions to match specific cell types unlike polystyrene beads. Cells are deconvolved using combinations of optical parameters such as FSC and SSC ( FIG.  4 A ) or secondary markers. Hydrogel particles are tuned to match the SSC and FSC of specific cell types unlike polystyrene beads (brown) which are limited in size (FSC) and side scattering ( FIG.  4 B ). Hydrogel particles are further functionalized with stoichiometrically tuned ratios of specific chemical side-groups and secondary labels allowing the cell type to be precisely matched without suffering from biological noise as fixed cell lines do ( FIG.  4 C ). 
     Example 4: Flow Cytometer Delay Time as a Function of Hydrogel Particle Diameter 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the inter-drop delay fora flow cytometer can be precisely correlated to hydrogel particle diameter. Data are shown for hydrogel particles of 3, 6, 10, 32, and 50 μm diameters using flow cytometer nozzle sizes of 70 and 100 μm. 
     Example 5: Comparison of Hydrogel Particles with Encapsulated DNA to Cells 
     To form hydrogel particles with encapsulated DNA, 40 μg/mL-1000) μg/mL of reconstituted calf thymus DNA was added to a polymer mix containing 20% 19:1 (acrylamide:bis-acrylamide) and 0.1% allyl amine in water. 0.4% ammoniumpersulfate was added to the mix prior to droplet formation. Hydrogel particles were formed as described in Example 1. Hydrogel particles with 200 μg/mL of encapsulated calf thymus DNA displayed cell-like staining using propidium iodide as visualized using a commercial imaging cytometer and compared to Chinese Hamster Ovary cells stained using the same procedure. Images were obtained using a Nexcelom Cellometer™ ( FIG.  6   ). 
     Cells obtained from a buccal swab were washed in PBS and stained with propidium iodide. In parallel, populations of hydrogel particles containing a range of DNA concentrations were also stained in the same manner. Both the cell and particle suspensions were analyzed on a flow cytometer (488/590 nm excitation/emission). Flow cytometry analysis of cheek cells and the same range of encapsulated DNA particles showed that the particles display a range of cell-like fluorescent properties ( FIG.  7   , left panel). The intensity of staining shows a linear correlation with the median intensity as measured by flow cytometry ( FIG.  7   , right panel). 
     Example 6: Tuning of Hydrogel Particle Side Scattering 
     Colloidal silica was added at 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% and 0% to the aqueous fraction of the polymer mix and hydrogel particles were formed as described in Example 1. Forward and side scattering data were obtained using a flow cytometer. The results showed that side scatter signal ( FIG.  8   , left panel) increased with higher percentages of encapsulated nanoparticles while forward scatter ( FIG.  8   , right panel) remained generally unchanged, demonstrating the independent tuning of side scatter and forward scatter. 
     Example 7: Tuning of Hydrogel Particle Forward Scattering 
     In this experiment, the percentage of acrylamide:bis-acrylamide in the hydrogel composition was varied from between 10 and 40% to tune the refractive index of the hydrogel particles as measured by forward scattering in a flow cytometer. As shown in  FIG.  9   , the forward scattering increased with increasing percentages of acrylamide:bisacrylamide as a fraction of water. 
     Example 8: Tuning of Hydrogel Particle Optical Properties 
     An example of tuning hydrogel particles to match optical properties of a desired cell subtype. Co/monomers can be combined with nanoparticles to tune both forward and side scatter properties of the hydrogels using passive optical measurements in a flow cytometer. By combining these properties with chemically labile co-monomers (e.g. allyl amine, acrylic acid), additional fluorophores/proteins/biological side groups can be added and labeled (if desired) in order to match cell subpopulation staining in addition to scattering properties. These are the three primary metric by which cells are identified using flow cytometry. Additional side groups, such as those containing heavy metals, can be used for Cy-TOF (cytometry, time of flight mass spectrometry) calibration for example. Finally, biocompatible material can be encapsulated to mimic subcellular organelle staining. 
     Example 9: Tuning of Hydrogel Particle Optical Properties 
     A 50 nm nanoparticle colloidal suspension was incorporated into the hydrogel matrix to mimic the optical properties of lymphocytes and monocytes ( FIGS.  13 A and  13 B ). The percent composition of the suspension was altered to match the blood cell subpopulations from the blood sample control (Streck) ( FIG.  13 C ). 
     Specifically, the concentration of the acrylamide monomer (0.7-0.8M) of the hydrogel particle was adjusted to increase the forward scatter of the particles to match blood cell subpopulations. The percentage of bisacrylamide cross linker can also be changed to affect forward scatter (1-5%). Silica nanoparticles were used at 5% or 10% in the compositions to adjust side scatter. The results of this experiment are shown in  FIG.  13   . 
     All, documents, patents, patent applications, publications, product descriptions, and protocols which are cited throughout this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes. 
     The embodiments illustrated and discussed in this specification are intended only to teach those skilled in the art the best way known to the inventors to make and use the invention. Modifications and variation of the above-described embodiments of the invention are possible without departing from the invention, as appreciated by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore understood that, within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.