Patent Publication Number: US-2023155874-A1

Title: Method and apparatus for applying phase rotation in units of 10 mhz bands in wireless lan system

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Field of the Disclosure 
     The present specification relates to a method for receiving a PPDU in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system and, most particularly, to a method and apparatus for obtaining a PAPR optimized for a legacy preamble by applying a phase rotation in units of 10 MHz bands. 
     Related Art 
     A wireless local area network (WLAN) has been improved in various ways. For example, the IEEE 802.11ax standard proposed an improved communication environment using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and downlink multi-user multiple input multiple output (DL MU MIMO) techniques. 
     The present specification proposes a technical feature that can be utilized in a new communication standard. For example, the new communication standard may be an extreme high throughput (EHT) standard which is currently being discussed. The EHT standard may use an increased bandwidth, an enhanced PHY layer protocol data unit (PPDU) structure, an enhanced sequence, a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) scheme, or the like, which is newly proposed. The EHT standard may be called the IEEE 802.11be standard. 
     In a new WLAN standard, an increased number of spatial streams may be used. In this case, in order to properly use the increased number of spatial streams, a signaling technique in the WLAN system may need to be improved. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Technical Objects 
     The present specification proposes a method and apparatus for applying a phase rotation in units of 10 MHz bands in a WLAN system. 
     Technical Solutions 
     An example of the present specification proposes a method for receiving a PPDU through a first band. 
     The present embodiment may be performed in a network environment in which a next generation WLAN system (IEEE 802.11be or EHT WLAN system) is supported. The next generation wireless LAN system is a WLAN system that is enhanced from an 802.11ax system and may, therefore, satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11ax system. 
     This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for configuring a phase rotation value applied to a legacy preamble for optimized PAPR in the legacy preamble in consideration of limited preamble puncturing when transmitting a PPDU through a specific band (40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz or 320 MHz). 
     A receiving station (STA) receives a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a transmitting STA through a first band. 
     The receiving STA decodes the PPDU. 
     The PPDU includes a legacy preamble and first and second signal fields. 
     The legacy preamble and the first and second signal fields are generated based on a first phase rotation value. That is, the phase rotation may be applied from the legacy preamble to the EHT-SIG. 
     When the first band is a 40 MHz band, the first phase rotation value is [1 −1 −1 −1]. In this case, each element of the first phase rotation value is applied for each 10 MHz band in the first band. That is, one element of the first phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value applied to each 10 MHz band of the 40 MHz band. 
     Effects of the Disclosure 
     According to the embodiment proposed in this specification, by proposing a phase rotation value in units of 10 MHz bands in a limited preamble puncturing situation, there is a new effect that PPDU transmission is possible with high power by lowering the PAPR of L-STF and L-LTF. Accordingly, there is an effect that the transmission range of the PPDU is increased and the overall performance is improved. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    shows an example of a transmitting apparatus and/or receiving apparatus of the present specification. 
         FIG.  2    is a conceptual view illustrating the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN). 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a general link setup process. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates an example of a PPDU used in an IEEE standard. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a layout of resource units (RUs) used in a band of 20 MHz. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates a layout of RUs used in a band of 40 MHz. 
         FIG.  7    illustrates a layout of RUs used in a band of 80 MHz. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates a structure of an HE-SIG-B field. 
         FIG.  9    illustrates an example in which a plurality of user STAs are allocated to the same RU through a MU-MIMO scheme. 
         FIG.  10    illustrates an example of a PPDU used in the present specification. 
         FIG.  11    illustrates an example of a modified transmission device and/or receiving device of the present specification. 
         FIG.  12    is a graph illustrating PAPR of a field to which phase rotation of 802.11ax is applied in 20 MHz PPDU transmission. 
         FIG.  13    is a graph illustrating PAPR of a field to which phase rotation of 802.11ax is applied in 40 MHz PPDU transmission. 
         FIG.  14    is a graph illustrating PAPR of a field to which phase rotation of 802.11ax is applied in 80 MHz PPDU transmission. 
         FIG.  15    is a graph showing PAPR of a field to which phase rotation of 802.11ax is applied in units of 10 MHz in 40 MHz PPDU transmission. 
         FIG.  16    is a graph showing PAPR of a field to which phase rotation of 802.11ax is applied in units of 10 MHz in 80 MHz PPDU transmission. 
         FIG.  17    is a flow diagram illustrating the operation of a transmitting apparatus according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG.  18    is a flow diagram illustrating the operation of a receiving apparatus according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG.  19    is a flow diagram illustrating a procedure for a transmitting STA to transmit a PPDU according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG.  20    is a flow diagram illustrating a procedure for a receiving STA to receive a PPDU according to the present embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     In the present specification, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”. In other words, in the present specification, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, in the present specification, “A, B, or C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, C”. 
     A slash (/) or comma used in the present specification may mean “and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B, or C”. 
     In the present specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, in the present specification, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted as “at least one of A and B”. 
     In addition, in the present specification, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, and C”. In addition, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C”. 
     In addition, a parenthesis used in the present specification may mean “for example”. Specifically, when indicated as “control information (EHT-signal)”, it may denote that “EHT-signal” is proposed as an example of the “control information”. In other words, the “control information” of the present specification is not limited to “EHT-signal”, and “EHT-signal” may be proposed as an example of the “control information”. In addition, when indicated as “control information (i.e., EHT-signal)”, it may also mean that “EHT-signal” is proposed as an example of the “control information”. 
     Technical features described individually in one figure in the present specification may be individually implemented, or may be simultaneously implemented. 
     The following example of the present specification may be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following example of the present specification may be applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system. For example, the present specification may be applied to the IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac standard or the IEEE 802.11ax standard. In addition, the present specification may also be applied to the newly proposed EHT standard or IEEE 802.11be standard. In addition, the example of the present specification may also be applied to a new WLAN standard enhanced from the EHT standard or the IEEE 802.11be standard. In addition, the example of the present specification may be applied to a mobile communication system. For example, it may be applied to a mobile communication system based on long term evolution (LTE) depending on a 3 rd  generation partnership project (3GPP) standard and based on evolution of the LTE. In addition, the example of the present specification may be applied to a communication system of a 5G NR standard based on the 3GPP standard. 
     Hereinafter, in order to describe a technical feature of the present specification, a technical feature applicable to the present specification will be described. 
       FIG.  1    shows an example of a transmitting apparatus and/or receiving apparatus of the present specification. 
     In the example of  FIG.  1   , various technical features described below may be performed.  FIG.  1    relates to at least one station (STA). For example, STAs  110  and  120  of the present specification may also be called in various terms such as a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile subscriber unit, or simply a user. The STAs  110  and  120  of the present specification may also be called in various terms such as a network, a base station, a node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, a relay, or the like. The STAs  110  and  120  of the present specification may also be referred to as various names such as a receiving apparatus, a transmitting apparatus, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, a transmitting device, or the like. 
     For example, the STAs  110  and  120  may serve as an AP or a non-AP. That is, the STAs  110  and  120  of the present specification may serve as the AP and/or the non-AP. 
     The STAs  110  and  120  of the present specification may support various communication standards together in addition to the IEEE 802.11 standard. For example, a communication standard (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standard) or the like based on the 3GPP standard may be supported. In addition, the STA of the present specification may be implemented as various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, a personal computer, or the like. In addition, the STA of the present specification may support communication for various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communication, and self-driving (autonomous-driving), or the like. 
     The STAs  110  and  120  of the present specification may include a medium access control (MAC) conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard and a physical layer interface for a radio medium. 
     The STAs  110  and  120  will be described below with reference to a sub-figure (a) of  FIG.  1   . 
     The first STA  110  may include a processor  111 , a memory  112 , and a transceiver  113 . The illustrated process, memory, and transceiver may be implemented individually as separate chips, or at least two blocks/functions may be implemented through a single chip. 
     The transceiver  113  of the first STA performs a signal transmission/reception operation. Specifically, an IEEE 802.11 packet (e.g., IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.) may be transmitted/received. 
     For example, the first STA  110  may perform an operation intended by an AP. For example, the processor  111  of the AP may receive a signal through the transceiver  113 , process a reception (RX) signal, generate a transmission (TX) signal, and provide control for signal transmission. The memory  112  of the AP may store a signal (e.g., RX signal) received through the transceiver  113 , and may store a signal (e.g., TX signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver. 
     For example, the second STA  120  may perform an operation intended by a non-AP STA. For example, a transceiver  123  of a non-AP performs a signal transmission/reception operation. Specifically, an IEEE 802.11 packet (e.g., IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be packet, etc.) may be transmitted/received. 
     For example, a processor  121  of the non-AP STA may receive a signal through the transceiver  123 , process an RX signal, generate a TX signal, and provide control for signal transmission. A memory  122  of the non-AP STA may store a signal (e.g., RX signal) received through the transceiver  123 , and may store a signal (e.g., TX signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver. 
     For example, an operation of a device indicated as an AP in the specification described below may be performed in the first STA  110  or the second STA  120 . For example, if the first STA  110  is the AP, the operation of the device indicated as the AP may be controlled by the processor  111  of the first STA  110 , and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver  113  controlled by the processor  111  of the first STA  110 . In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a TX/RX signal of the AP may be stored in the memory  112  of the first STA  110 . In addition, if the second STA  120  is the AP, the operation of the device indicated as the AP may be controlled by the processor  121  of the second STA  120 , and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver  123  controlled by the processor  121  of the second STA  120 . In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a TX/RX signal of the AP may be stored in the memory  122  of the second STA  120 . 
     For example, in the specification described below, an operation of a device indicated as a non-AP (or user-STA) may be performed in the first STA  110  or the second STA  120 . For example, if the second STA  120  is the non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as the non-AP may be controlled by the processor  121  of the second STA  120 , and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver  123  controlled by the processor  121  of the second STA  120 . In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or a TX/RX signal of the non-AP may be stored in the memory  122  of the second STA  120 . For example, if the first STA  110  is the non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as the non-AP may be controlled by the processor  111  of the first STA  110 , and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver  113  controlled by the processor  111  of the first STA  110 . In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or a TX/RX signal of the non-AP may be stored in the memory  112  of the first STA  110 . 
     In the specification described below, a device called a (transmitting/receiving) STA, a first STA, a second STA, a STA1, a STA2, an AP, a first AP, a second AP, an AP1, an AP2, a (transmitting/receiving) terminal, a (transmitting/receiving) device, a (transmitting/receiving) apparatus, a network, or the like may imply the STAs  110  and  120  of  FIG.  1   . For example, a device indicated as, without a specific reference numeral, the (transmitting/receiving) STA, the first STA, the second STA, the STA1, the STA2, the AP, the first AP, the second AP, the AP1, the AP2, the (transmitting/receiving) terminal, the (transmitting/receiving) device, the (transmitting/receiving) apparatus, the network, or the like may imply the STAs  110  and  120  of  FIG.  1   . For example, in the following example, an operation in which various STAs transmit/receive a signal (e.g., a PPDU) may be performed in the transceivers  113  and  123  of  FIG.  1   . In addition, in the following example, an operation in which various STAs generate a TX/RX signal or perform data processing and computation in advance for the TX/RX signal may be performed in the processors  111  and  121  of  FIG.  1   . For example, an example of an operation for generating the TX/RX signal or performing the data processing and computation in advance may include: 1) an operation of determining/obtaining/configuring/computing/decoding/encoding bit information of a sub-field (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) included in a PPDU; 2) an operation of determining/configuring/obtaining a time resource or frequency resource (e.g., a subcarrier resource) or the like used for the sub-field (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) included the PPDU; 3) an operation of determining/configuring/obtaining a specific sequence (e.g., a pilot sequence, an STF/LTF sequence, an extra sequence applied to SIG) or the like used for the sub-field (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in the PPDU; 4) a power control operation and/or power saving operation applied for the STA; and 5) an operation related to determining/obtaining/configuring/decoding/encoding or the like of an ACK signal. In addition, in the following example, a variety of information used by various STAs for determining/obtaining/configuring/computing/decoding/decoding a TX/RX signal (e.g., information related to a field/subfield/control field/parameter/power or the like) may be stored in the memories  112  and  122  of  FIG.  1   . 
     The aforementioned device/STA of the sub-figure (a) of  FIG.  1    may be modified as shown in the sub-figure (b) of  FIG.  1   . Hereinafter, the STAs  110  and  120  of the present specification will be described based on the sub-figure (b) of  FIG.  1   . 
     For example, the transceivers  113  and  123  illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of  FIG.  1    may perform the same function as the aforementioned transceiver illustrated in the sub-figure (a) of  FIG.  1   . For example, processing chips  114  and  124  illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of  FIG.  1    may include the processors  111  and  121  and the memories  112  and  122 . The processors  111  and  121  and memories  112  and  122  illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of  FIG.  1    may perform the same function as the aforementioned processors  111  and  121  and memories  112  and  122  illustrated in the sub-figure (a) of  FIG.  1   . 
     A mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile subscriber unit, a user, a user STA, a network, a base station, a Node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, a relay, a receiving unit, a transmitting unit, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, a transmitting device, a receiving apparatus, and/or a transmitting apparatus, which are described below, may imply the STAs  110  and  120  illustrated in the sub-figure (a)/(b) of  FIG.  1   , or may imply the processing chips  114  and  124  illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of  FIG.  1   . That is, a technical feature of the present specification may be performed in the STAs  110  and  120  illustrated in the sub-figure (a)/(b) of  FIG.  1   , or may be performed only in the processing chips  114  and  124  illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of  FIG.  1   . For example, a technical feature in which the transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as a technical feature in which a control signal generated in the processors  111  and  121  illustrated in the sub-figure (a)/(b) of  FIG.  1    is transmitted through the transceivers  113  and  123  illustrated in the sub-figure (a)/(b) of  FIG.  1   . Alternatively, the technical feature in which the transmitting STA transmits the control signal may be understood as a technical feature in which the control signal to be transferred to the transceivers  113  and  123  is generated in the processing chips  114  and  124  illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of  FIG.  1   . 
     For example, a technical feature in which the receiving STA receives the control signal may be understood as a technical feature in which the control signal is received by means of the transceivers  113  and  123  illustrated in the sub-figure (a) of  FIG.  1   . Alternatively, the technical feature in which the receiving STA receives the control signal may be understood as the technical feature in which the control signal received in the transceivers  113  and  123  illustrated in the sub-figure (a) of  FIG.  1    is obtained by the processors  111  and  121  illustrated in the sub-figure (a) of  FIG.  1   . Alternatively, the technical feature in which the receiving STA receives the control signal may be understood as the technical feature in which the control signal received in the transceivers  113  and  123  illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of  FIG.  1    is obtained by the processing chips  114  and  124  illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of  FIG.  1   . 
     Referring to the sub-figure (b) of  FIG.  1   , software codes  115  and  125  may be included in the memories  112  and  122 . The software codes  115  and  126  may include instructions for controlling an operation of the processors  111  and  121 . The software codes  115  and  125  may be included as various programming languages. 
     The processors  111  and  121  or processing chips  114  and  124  of  FIG.  1    may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, a logic circuit and/or a data processing device. The processor may be an application processor (AP). For example, the processors  111  and  121  or processing chips  114  and  124  of  FIG.  1    may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modulator and demodulator (modem). For example, the processors  111  and  121  or processing chips  114  and  124  of  FIG.  1    may be SNAPDRAGON™ series of processors made by Qualcomm®, EXYNOS™ series of processors made by Samsung®, A series of processors made by Apple®, HELIO™ series of processors made by MediaTek®, ATOM™ series of processors made by Intel® or processors enhanced from these processors. 
     In the present specification, an uplink may imply a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an SP STA, and an uplink PPDU/packet/signal or the like may be transmitted through the uplink. In addition, in the present specification, a downlink may imply a link for communication from the AP STA to the non-AP STA, and a downlink PPDU/packet/signal or the like may be transmitted through the downlink. 
       FIG.  2    is a conceptual view illustrating the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN). 
     An upper part of  FIG.  2    illustrates the structure of an infrastructure basic service set (BSS) of institute of electrical and electronic engineers (IEEE) 802.11. 
     Referring the upper part of  FIG.  2   , the wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs  200  and  205  (hereinafter, referred to as BSS). The BSSs  200  and  205  as a set of an AP and a STA such as an access point (AP)  225  and a station (STA1)  200 - 1  which are successfully synchronized to communicate with each other are not concepts indicating a specific region. The BSS  205  may include one or more STAs  205 - 1  and  205 - 2  which may be joined to one AP  230 . 
     The BSS may include at least one STA, APs providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS)  210  connecting multiple APs. 
     The distribution system  210  may implement an extended service set (ESS)  240  extended by connecting the multiple BSSs  200  and  205 . The ESS  240  may be used as a term indicating one network configured by connecting one or more APs  225  or  230  through the distribution system  210 . The AP included in one ESS  240  may have the same service set identification (SSID). 
     A portal  220  may serve as a bridge which connects the wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) and another network (e.g., 802.X). 
     In the BSS illustrated in the upper part of  FIG.  2   , a network between the APs  225  and  230  and a network between the APs  225  and  230  and the STAs  200 - 1 ,  205 - 1 , and  205 - 2  may be implemented. However, the network is configured even between the STAs without the APs  225  and  230  to perform communication. A network in which the communication is performed by configuring the network even between the STAs without the APs  225  and  230  is defined as an Ad-Hoc network or an independent basic service set (IBSS). 
     A lower part of  FIG.  2    illustrates a conceptual view illustrating the IBSS. 
     Referring to the lower part of  FIG.  2   , the IBSS is a BSS that operates in an Ad-Hoc mode. Since the IBSS does not include the access point (AP), a centralized management entity that performs a management function at the center does not exist. That is, in the IBSS, STAs  250 - 1 ,  250 - 2 ,  250 - 3 ,  255 - 4 , and  255 - 5  are managed by a distributed manner. In the IBSS, all STAs  250 - 1 ,  250 - 2 ,  250 - 3 ,  255 - 4 , and  255 - 5  may be constituted by movable STAs and are not permitted to access the DS to constitute a self-contained network. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a general link setup process. 
     In S 310 , a STA may perform a network discovery operation. The network discovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, to access a network, the STA needs to discover a participating network. The STA needs to identify a compatible network before participating in a wireless network, and a process of identifying a network present in a particular area is referred to as scanning Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a network discovery operation including an active scanning process. In active scanning, a STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame and waits for a response to the probe request frame in order to identify which AP is present around while moving to channels. A responder transmits a probe response frame as a response to the probe request frame to the STA having transmitted the probe request frame. Here, the responder may be a STA that transmits the last beacon frame in a BSS of a channel being scanned. In the BSS, since an AP transmits a beacon frame, the AP is the responder. In an IBSS, since STAs in the IBSS transmit a beacon frame in turns, the responder is not fixed. For example, when the STA transmits a probe request frame via channel 1 and receives a probe response frame via channel 1, the STA may store BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame, may move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2), and may perform scanning (e.g., transmits a probe request and receives a probe response via channel 2) by the same method. 
     Although not shown in  FIG.  3   , scanning may be performed by a passive scanning method. In passive scanning, a STA performing scanning may wait for a beacon frame while moving to channels. A beacon frame is one of management frames in IEEE 802.11 and is periodically transmitted to indicate the presence of a wireless network and to enable the STA performing scanning to find the wireless network and to participate in the wireless network. In a BSS, an AP serves to periodically transmit a beacon frame. In an IBSS, STAs in the IBSS transmit a beacon frame in turns. Upon receiving the beacon frame, the STA performing scanning stores information related to a BSS included in the beacon frame and records beacon frame information in each channel while moving to another channel. The STA having received the beacon frame may store BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, may move to the next channel, and may perform scanning in the next channel by the same method. 
     After discovering the network, the STA may perform an authentication process in S 320 . The authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process to be clearly distinguished from the following security setup operation in S 340 . The authentication process in S 320  may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP and the AP transmits an authentication response frame to the STA in response. The authentication frames used for an authentication request/response are management frames. 
     The authentication frames may include information related to an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a robust security network (RSN), and a finite cyclic group. 
     The STA may transmit the authentication request frame to the AP. The AP may determine whether to allow the authentication of the STA based on the information included in the received authentication request frame. The AP may provide the authentication processing result to the STA via the authentication response frame. 
     When the STA is successfully authenticated, the STA may perform an association process in S 330 . The association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP and the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA in response. The association request frame may include, for example, information related to various capabilities, a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), a supported rate, a supported channel, RSN, a mobility domain, a supported operating class, a traffic indication map (TIM) broadcast request, and an interworking service capability. The association response frame may include, for example, information related to various capabilities, a status code, an association ID (AID), a supported rate, an enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameter set, a received channel power indicator (RCPI), a received signal-to-noise indicator (RSNI), a mobility domain, a timeout interval (association comeback time), an overlapping BSS scanning parameter, a TIM broadcast response, and a QoS map. 
     In S 340 , the STA may perform a security setup process. The security setup process in S 340  may include a process of setting up a private key through four-way handshaking, for example, through an extensible authentication protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates an example of a PPDU used in an IEEE standard. 
     As illustrated, various types of PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) are used in IEEE a/g/n/ac standards. Specifically, an LTF and a STF include a training signal, a SIG-A and a SIG-B include control information for a receiving STA, and a data field includes user data corresponding to a PSDU (MAC PDU/aggregated MAC PDU). 
       FIG.  4    also includes an example of an HE PPDU according to IEEE 802.11ax. The HE PPDU according to  FIG.  4    is an illustrative PPDU for multiple users. An HE-SIG-B may be included only in a PPDU for multiple users, and an HE-SIG-B may be omitted in a PPDU for a single user. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  4   , the HE-PPDU for multiple users (MUs) may include a legacy-short training field (L-STF), a legacy-long training field (L-LTF), a legacy-signal (L-SIG), a high efficiency-signal A (HE-SIG A), a high efficiency-signal-B (HE-SIG B), a high efficiency-short training field (HE-STF), a high efficiency-long training field (HE-LTF), a data field (alternatively, an MAC payload), and a packet extension (PE) field. The respective fields may be transmitted for illustrated time periods (i.e., 4 or 8 μs). 
     Hereinafter, a resource unit (RU) used for a PPDU is described. An RU may include a plurality of subcarriers (or tones). An RU may be used to transmit a signal to a plurality of STAs according to OFDMA. Further, an RU may also be defined to transmit a signal to one STA. An RU may be used for an STF, an LTF, a data field, or the like. 
       FIG.  5    illustrates a layout of resource units (RUs) used in a band of 20 MHz. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  5   , resource units (RUs) corresponding to different numbers of tones (i.e., subcarriers) may be used to form some fields of an HE-PPDU. For example, resources may be allocated in illustrated RUs for an HE-STF, an HE-LTF, and a data field. 
     As illustrated in the uppermost part of  FIG.  5   , a 26-unit (i.e., a unit corresponding to 26 tones) may be disposed. Six tones may be used for a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, and five tones may be used for a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band. Further, seven DC tones may be inserted in a center band, that is, a DC band, and a 26-unit corresponding to 13 tones on each of the left and right sides of the DC band may be disposed. A 26-unit, a 52-unit, and a 106-unit may be allocated to other bands. Each unit may be allocated for a receiving STA, that is, a user. 
     The layout of the RUs in  FIG.  5    may be used not only for a multiple users (MUs) but also for a single user (SU), in which case one 242-unit may be used and three DC tones may be inserted as illustrated in the lowermost part of  FIG.  5   . 
     Although  FIG.  5    proposes RUs having various sizes, that is, a 26-RU, a 52-RU, a 106-RU, and a 242-RU, specific sizes of RUs may be extended or increased. Therefore, the present embodiment is not limited to the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones). 
       FIG.  6    illustrates a layout of RUs used in a band of 40 MHz. 
     Similarly to  FIG.  5    in which RUs having various sizes are used, a 26-RU, a 52-RU, a 106-RU, a 242-RU, a 484-RU, and the like may be used in an example of  FIG.  6   . Further, five DC tones may be inserted in a center frequency, 12 tones may be used for a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40 MHz band, and 11 tones may be used for a guard band in the rightmost band of the 40 MHz band. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  6   , when the layout of the RUs is used for a single user, a 484-RU may be used. The specific number of RUs may be changed similarly to  FIG.  5   . 
       FIG.  7    illustrates a layout of RUs used in a band of 80 MHz. 
     Similarly to  FIG.  5    and  FIG.  6    in which RUs having various sizes are used, a 26-RU, a 52-RU, a 106-RU, a 242-RU, a 484-RU, a 996-RU, and the like may be used in an example of  FIG.  7   . Further, seven DC tones may be inserted in the center frequency, 12 tones may be used for a guard band in the leftmost band of the 80 MHz band, and 11 tones may be used for a guard band in the rightmost band of the 80 MHz band. In addition, a 26-RU corresponding to 13 tones on each of the left and right sides of the DC band may be used. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7   , when the layout of the RUs is used for a single user, a 996-RU may be used, in which case five DC tones may be inserted. 
     The RU described in the present specification may be used in uplink (UL) communication and downlink (DL) communication. For example, when UL-MU communication which is solicited by a trigger frame is performed, a transmitting STA (e.g., an AP) may allocate a first RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a first STA through the trigger frame, and may allocate a second RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a second STA. Thereafter, the first STA may transmit a first trigger-based PPDU based on the first RU, and the second STA may transmit a second trigger-based PPDU based on the second RU. The first/second trigger-based PPDU is transmitted to the AP at the same (or overlapped) time period. 
     For example, when a DL MU PPDU is configured, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) may allocate the first RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU. etc.) to the first STA, and may allocate the second RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to the second STA. That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) may transmit HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA through the first RU in one MU PPDU, and may transmit HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the second STA through the second RU. 
     Information related to a layout of the RU may be signaled through HE-SIG-B. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates a structure of an HE-SIG-B field. 
     As illustrated, an HE-SIG-B field  810  includes a common field  820  and a user-specific field  830 . The common field  820  may include information commonly applied to all users (i.e., user STAs) which receive SIG-B. The user-specific field  830  may be called a user-specific control field. When the SIG-B is transferred to a plurality of users, the user-specific field  830  may be applied only any one of the plurality of users. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8   , the common field  820  and the user-specific field  830  may be separately encoded. 
     The common field  820  may include RU allocation information of N*8 bits. For example, the RU allocation information may include information related to a location of an RU. For example, when a 20 MHz channel is used as shown in  FIG.  5   , the RU allocation information may include information related to a specific frequency band to which a specific RU (26-RU/52-RU/106-RU) is arranged. 
     An example of a case in which the RU allocation information consists of 8 bits is as follows. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 8 bits indices 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 (B7 B6 B5 B4 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Number 
               
               
                 B3 B2 B1 B0) 
                 #1 
                 #2 
                 #3 
                 #4 
                 #5 
                 #6 
                 #7 
                 #8 
                 #9 
                 of entries 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 00000000 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 00000001 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 52 
                 1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 00000010 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 52 
                 26 
                 26 
                 1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 00000011 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 52 
                 52 
                 1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 00000100 
                 26 
                 26 
                 52 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 00000101 
                 26 
                 26 
                 52 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 52 
                 1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 00000110 
                 26 
                 26 
                 52 
                 26 
                 52 
                 26 
                 26 
                 1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 00000111 
                 26 
                 26 
                 52 
                 26 
                 52 
                 52 
                 1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 00001000 
                 52 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown the example of  FIG.  5   , up to nine 26-RUs may be allocated to the 20 MHz channel. When the RU allocation information of the common field  820  is set to “00000000” as shown in Table 1, the nine 26-RUs may be allocated to a corresponding channel (i.e., 20 MHz). In addition, when the RU allocation information of the common field  820  is set to “00000001” as shown in Table 1, seven 26-RUs and one 52-RU are arranged in a corresponding channel. That is, in the example of  FIG.  5   , the 52-RU may be allocated to the rightmost side, and the seven 26-RUs may be allocated to the left thereof. 
     The example of Table 1 shows only some of RU locations capable of displaying the RU allocation information. 
     For example, the RU allocation information may include an example of Table 2 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 8 bits indices 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 (B7 B6 B5 B4 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Number 
               
               
                 B3 B2 B1 B0) 
                 #1 
                 #2 
                 #3 
                 #4 
                 #5 
                 #6 
                 #7 
                 #8 
                 #9 
                 of entries 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 01000y 2 y 1 y 0   
                 106 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 8 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 01001y 2 y 1 y 0   
                 106 
                 26 
                 26 
                 26 
                 52 
                 8 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     “01000y2y1y0” relates to an example in which a 106-RU is allocated to the leftmost side of the 20 MHz channel, and five 26-RUs are allocated to the right side thereof. In this case, a plurality of STAs (e.g., user-STAs) may be allocated to the 106-RU, based on a MU-MIMO scheme. Specifically, up to 8 STAs (e.g., user-STAs) may be allocated to the 106-RU, and the number of STAs (e.g., user-STAs) allocated to the 106-RU is determined based on 3-bit information (y2y1y0). For example, when the 3-bit information (y2y1y0) is set to N, the number of STAs (e.g., user-STAs) allocated to the 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO scheme may be N+1. 
     In general, a plurality of STAs (e.g., user STAs) different from each other may be allocated to a plurality of RUs. However, the plurality of STAs (e.g., user STAs) may be allocated to one or more RUs having at least a specific size (e.g., 106 subcarriers), based on the MU-MIMO scheme. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8   , the user-specific field  830  may include a plurality of user fields. As described above, the number of STAs (e.g., user STAs) allocated to a specific channel may be determined based on the RU allocation information of the common field  820 . For example, when the RU allocation information of the common field  820  is “00000000”, one user STA may be allocated to each of nine 26-RUs (e.g., nine user STAs may be allocated). That is, up to 9 user STAs may be allocated to a specific channel through an OFDMA scheme. In other words, up to 9 user STAs may be allocated to a specific channel through a non-MU-MIMO scheme. 
     For example, when RU allocation is set to “01000y2y1y0”, a plurality of STAs may be allocated to the 106-RU arranged at the leftmost side through the MU-MIMO scheme, and five user STAs may be allocated to five 26-RUs arranged to the right side thereof through the non-MU MIMO scheme. This case is specified through an example of  FIG.  9   . 
       FIG.  9    illustrates an example in which a plurality of user STAs are allocated to the same RU through a MU-MIMO scheme. 
     For example, when RU allocation is set to “01000010” as shown in  FIG.  9   , a 106-RU may be allocated to the leftmost side of a specific channel, and five 26-RUs may be allocated to the right side thereof. In addition, three user STAs may be allocated to the 106-RU through the MU-MIMO scheme. As a result, since eight user STAs are allocated, the user-specific field  830  of HE-SIG-B may include eight user fields. 
     The eight user fields may be expressed in the order shown in  FIG.  9   . In addition, as shown in  FIG.  8   , two user fields may be implemented with one user block field. 
     The user fields shown in  FIG.  8    and  FIG.  9    may be configured based on two formats. That is, a user field related to a MU-MIMO scheme may be configured in a first format, and a user field related to a non-MIMO scheme may be configured in a second format. Referring to the example of  FIG.  9   , a user field 1 to a user field 3 may be based on the first format, and a user field 4 to a user field 8 may be based on the second format. The first format or the second format may include bit information of the same length (e.g., 21 bits). 
     Each user field may have the same size (e.g., 21 bits). For example, the user field of the first format (the first of the MU-MIMO scheme) may be configured as follows. 
     For example, a first bit (i.e., B 0 -B 10 ) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include identification information (e.g., STA-ID, partial AID, etc.) of a user STA to which a corresponding user field is allocated. In addition, a second bit (i.e., B 11 -B 14 ) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include information related to a spatial configuration. 
     In addition, a third bit (i.e., B 15 - 18 ) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information. The MCS information may be applied to a data field in a PPDU including corresponding SIG-B. 
     An MCS, MCS information, an MCS index, an MCS field, or the like used in the present specification may be indicated by an index value. For example, the MCS information may be indicated by an index 0 to an index 11. The MCS information may include information related to a constellation modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, etc.) and information related to a coding rate (e.g., 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6e, etc.). Information related to a channel coding type (e.g., LCC or LDPC) may be excluded in the MCS information. 
     In addition, a fourth bit (i.e., B 19 ) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may be a reserved field. 
     In addition, a fifth bit (i.e., B 20 ) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include information related to a coding type (e.g., BCC or LDPC). That is, the fifth bit (i.e., B 20 ) may include information related to a type (e.g., BCC or LDPC) of channel coding applied to the data field in the PPDU including the corresponding SIG-B. 
     The aforementioned example relates to the user field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO scheme). An example of the user field of the second format (the format of the non-MU-MIMO scheme) is as follows. 
     A first bit (e.g., B 0 -B 10 ) in the user field of the second format may include identification information of a user STA. In addition, a second bit (e.g., B 11 -B 13 ) in the user field of the second format may include information related to the number of spatial streams applied to a corresponding RU. In addition, a third bit (e.g., B 14 ) in the user field of the second format may include information related to whether a beamforming steering matrix is applied. A fourth bit (e.g., B 15 -B 18 ) in the user field of the second format may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information. In addition, a fifth bit (e.g., B 19 ) in the user field of the second format may include information related to whether dual carrier modulation (DCM) is applied. In addition, a sixth bit (i.e., B 20 ) in the user field of the second format may include information related to a coding type (e.g., BCC or LDPC). 
     Hereinafter, a PPDU transmitted/received in a STA of the present specification will be described. 
       FIG.  10    illustrates an example of a PPDU used in the present specification. 
     The PPDU of  FIG.  10    may be called in various terms such as an EHT PPDU, a TX PPDU, an RX PPDU, a first type or N-th type PPDU, or the like. For example, in the present specification, the PPDU or the EHT PPDU may be called in various terms such as a TX PPDU, a RX PPDU, a first type or N-th type PPDU, or the like. In addition, the EHT PPDU may be used in an EHT system and/or a new WLAN system enhanced from the EHT system. 
     The PPDU of  FIG.  10    may indicate the entirety or part of a PPDU type used in the EHT system. For example, the example of  FIG.  10    may be used for both of a single-user (SU) mode and a multi-user (MU) mode. In other words, the PPDU of  FIG.  10    may be a PPDU for one receiving STA or a plurality of receiving STAs. When the PPDU of  FIG.  10    is used for a trigger-based (TB) mode, the EHT-SIG of  FIG.  10    may be omitted. In other words, an STA which has received a trigger frame for uplink-MU (UL-MU) may transmit the PPDU in which the EHT-SIG is omitted in the example of  FIG.  10   . 
     In  FIG.  10   , an L-STF to an EHT-LTF may be called a preamble or a physical preamble, and may be generated/transmitted/received/obtained/decoded in a physical layer. 
     A subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields of  FIG.  10    may be determined as 312.5 kHz, and a subcarrier spacing of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and Data fields may be determined as 78.125 kHz. That is, a tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields may be expressed in unit of 312.5 kHz, and a tone index (or subcarrier index) of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and Data fields may be expressed in unit of 78.125 kHz. 
     In the PPDU of  FIG.  10   , the L-LTE and the L-STF may be the same as those in the conventional fields. 
     The L-SIG field of  FIG.  10    may include, for example, bit information of 24 bits. For example, the 24-bit information may include a rate field of 4 bits, a reserved bit of 1 bit, a length field of 12 bits, a parity bit of 1 bit, and a tail bit of 6 bits. For example, the length field of 12 bits may include information related to a length or time duration of a PPDU. For example, the length field of 12 bits may be determined based on a type of the PPDU. For example, when the PPDU is a non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU or an EHT PPDU, a value of the length field may be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, when the PPDU is an HE PPDU, the value of the length field may be determined as “a multiple of 3”+1 or “a multiple of 3”+2. In other words, for the non-HT, HT, VHT PPDI or the EHT PPDU, the value of the length field may be determined as a multiple of 3, and for the HE PPDU, the value of the length field may be determined as “a multiple of 3”+1 or “a multiple of 3”+2. 
     For example, the transmitting STA may apply BCC encoding based on a ½ coding rate to the 24-bit information of the L-SIG field. Thereafter, the transmitting STA may obtain a BCC coding bit of 48 bits. BPSK modulation may be applied to the 48-bit coding bit, thereby generating 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA may map the 48 BPSK symbols to positions except for a pilot subcarrier{subcarrier index −21, −7, +7, +21} and a DC subcarrier{subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols may be mapped to subcarrier indices −26 to −22, −20 to −8, −6 to −1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA may additionally map a signal of {−1, −1, −1, 1} to a subcarrier index {−28, −27, +27, +28}. The aforementioned signal may be used for channel estimation on a frequency domain corresponding to {−28, −27, +27, +28}. 
     The transmitting STA may generate an RL-SIG generated in the same manner as the L-SIG. BPSK modulation may be applied to the RL-SIG. The receiving STA may know that the RX PPDU is the HE PPDU or the EHT PPDU, based on the presence of the RL-SIG. 
     A universal SIG (U-SIG) may be inserted after the RL-SIG of  FIG.  10   . The U-SIB may be called in various terms such as a first SIG field, a first SIG, a first type SIG, a control signal, a control signal field, a first (type) control signal, or the like. 
     The U-SIG may include information of N bits, and may include information for identifying a type of the EHT PPDU. For example, the U-SIG may be configured based on two symbols (e.g., two contiguous OFDM symbols). Each symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) for the U-SIG may have a duration of 4 μs. Each symbol of the U-SIG may be used to transmit the 26-bit information. For example, each symbol of the U-SIG may be transmitted/received based on 52 data tomes and 4 pilot tones. 
     Through the U-SIG (or U-SIG field), for example, A-bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) may be transmitted. A first symbol of the U-SIG may transmit first X-bit information (e.g., 26 un-coded bits) of the A-bit information, and a second symbol of the U-SIB may transmit the remaining Y-bit information (e.g. 26 un-coded bits) of the A-bit information. For example, the transmitting STA may obtain 26 un-coded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA may perform convolutional encoding (i.e., BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=½ to generate 52-coded bits, and may perform interleaving on the 52-coded bits. The transmitting STA may perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52-coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols to be allocated to each U-SIG symbol. One U-SIG symbol may be transmitted based on 65 tones (subcarriers) from a subcarrier index −28 to a subcarrier index +28, except for a DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA may be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) except for pilot tones, i.e., tones −21, −7, +7, +21. 
     For example, the A-bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) generated by the U-SIG may include a CRC field (e.g., a field having a length of 4 bits) and a tail field (e.g., a field having a length of 6 bits). The CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field may be generated based on 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits except for the CRC/tail fields in the second symbol, and may be generated based on the conventional CRC calculation algorithm. In addition, the tail field may be used to terminate trellis of a convolutional decoder, and may be set to, for example, “000000”. 
     The A-bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by the U-SIG (or U-SIG field) may be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the version-independent bits may have a fixed or variable size. For example, the version-independent bits may be allocated only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or the version-independent bits may be allocated to both of the first and second symbols of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits may be called in various terms such as a first control bit, a second control bit, or the like. 
     For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a PHY version identifier of 3 bits. For example, the PHY version identifier of 3 bits may include information related to a PHY version of a TX/RX PPDU. For example, a first value of the PHY version identifier of 3 bits may indicate that the TX/RX PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In other words, when the transmitting STA transmits the EHT PPDU, the PHY version identifier of 3 bits may be set to a first value. In other words, the receiving STA may determine that the RX PPDU is the EHT PPDU, based on the PHY version identifier having the first value. 
     For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a UL/DL flag field of 1 bit. A first value of the UL/DL flag field of 1 bit relates to UL communication, and a second value of the UL/DL flag field relates to DL communication. 
     For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include information related to a TXOP length and information related to a BSS color ID. 
     For example, when the EHT PPDU is divided into various types (e.g., various types such as an EHT PPDU related to an SU mode, an EHT PPDU related to a MU mode, an EHT PPDU related to a TB mode, an EHT PPDU related to extended range transmission, or the like), information related to the type of the EHT PPDU may be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG. 
     For example, the U-SIG may include: 1) a bandwidth field including information related to a bandwidth; 2) a field including information related to an MCS scheme applied to EHT-SIG; 3) an indication field including information regarding whether a dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) scheme is applied to EHT-SIG; 4) a field including information related to the number of symbol used for EHT-SIG; 5) a field including information regarding whether the EHT-SIG is generated across a full band; 6) a field including information related to a type of EHT-LTF/STF; and 7) information related to a field indicating an EHT-LTF length and a CP length. 
     Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of  FIG.  10   . The preamble puncturing implies that puncturing is applied to part (e.g., a secondary 20 MHz band) of the full band. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, an STA may apply puncturing to the secondary 20 MHz band out of the 80 MHz band, and may transmit a PPDU only through a primary 20 MHz band and a secondary 40 MHz band. 
     For example, a pattern of the preamble puncturing may be configured in advance. For example, when a first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when a second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied to only any one of two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when a third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied to only the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band). For example, when a fourth puncturing is applied, puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel not belonging to a primary 40 MHz band in the presence of the primary 40 MHz band included in the 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band). 
     Information related to the preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG. For example, a first field of the U-SIG may include information related to a contiguous bandwidth, and second field of the U-SIG may include information related to the preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU. 
     For example, the U-SIG and the EHT-SIG may include the information related to the preamble puncturing, based on the following method. When a bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIG may be configured individually in unit of 80 MHz. For example, when the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for a first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for a second 80 MHz band. In this case, a first field of the first U-SIG may include information related to a 160 MHz bandwidth, and a second field of the first U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) applied to the first 80 MHz band. In addition, a first field of the second U-SIG may include information related to a 160 MHz bandwidth, and a second field of the second U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) applied to the second 80 MHz band. Meanwhile, an EHT-SIG contiguous to the first U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern), and an EHT-SIG contiguous to the second U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) applied to the first 80 MHz band. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the U-SIG and the EHT-SIG may include the information related to the preamble puncturing, based on the following method. The U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) for all bands. That is, the EHT-SIG may not include the information related to the preamble puncturing, and only the U-SIG may include the information related to the preamble puncturing (i.e., the information related to the preamble puncturing pattern). 
     The U-SIG may be configured in unit of 20 MHz. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, the U-SIG may be duplicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs may be included in the 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding an 80 MHz bandwidth may include different U-SIGs. 
     The EHT-SIG of  FIG.  10    may include control information for the receiving STA. The EHT-SIG may be transmitted through at least one symbol, and one symbol may have a length of 4 μs. Information related to the number of symbols used for the EHT-SIG may be included in the U-SIG. 
     The EHT-SIG may include a technical feature of the HE-SIG-B described with reference to  FIG.  8    and  FIG.  9   . For example, the EHT-SIG may include a common field and a user-specific field as in the example of  FIG.  8   . The common field of the EHT-SIG may be omitted, and the number of user-specific fields may be determined based on the number of users. 
     As in the example of  FIG.  8   , the common field of the EHT-SIG and the user-specific field of the EHT-SIG may be individually coded. One user block field included in the user-specific field may include information for two users, but a last user block field included in the user-specific field may include information for one user. That is, one user block field of the EHT-SIG may include up to two user fields. As in the example of  FIG.  9   , each user field may be related to MU-MIMO allocation, or may be related to non-MU-MIMO allocation. 
     As in the example of  FIG.  8   , the common field of the EHT-SIG may include a CRC bit and a tail bit. A length of the CRC bit may be determined as 4 bits. A length of the tail bit may be determined as 6 bits, and may be set to ‘000000’. 
     As in the example of  FIG.  8   , the common field of the EHT-SIG may include RU allocation information. The RU allocation information may imply information related to a location of an RU to which a plurality of users (i.e., a plurality of receiving STAs) are allocated. The RU allocation information may be configured in unit of 8 bits (or N bits), as in Table 1. 
     A mode in which the common field of the EHT-SIG is omitted may be supported. The mode in the common field of the EHT-SIG is omitted may be called a compressed mode. When the compressed mode is used, a plurality of users (i.e., a plurality of receiving STAs) may decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU), based on non-OFDMA. That is, the plurality of users of the EHT PPDU may decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) received through the same frequency band. Meanwhile, when a non-compressed mode is used, the plurality of users of the EHT PPDU may decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU), based on OFDMA. That is, the plurality of users of the EHT PPDU may receive the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) through different frequency bands. 
     The EHT-SIG may be configured based on various MCS schemes. As described above, information related to an MCS scheme applied to the EHT-SIG may be included in U-SIG. The EHT-SIG may be configured based on a DCM scheme. For example, among N data tones (e.g., 52 data tones) allocated for the EHT-SIG, a first modulation scheme may be applied to half of consecutive tones, and a second modulation scheme may be applied to the remaining half of the consecutive tones. That is, a transmitting STA may use the first modulation scheme to modulate specific control information through a first symbol and allocate it to half of the consecutive tones, and may use the second modulation scheme to modulate the same control information by using a second symbol and allocate it to the remaining half of the consecutive tones. As described above, information (e.g., a 1-bit field) regarding whether the DCM scheme is applied to the EHT-SIG may be included in the U-SIG. An HE-STF of  FIG.  10    may be used for improving automatic gain control estimation in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) environment or an OFDMA environment. An HE-LTF of  FIG.  10    may be used for estimating a channel in the MIMO environment or the OFDMA environment. 
     Information related to a type of STF and/or LTF (information related to a GI applied to LTF is also included) may be included in a SIG-A field and/or SIG-B field or the like of  FIG.  10   . 
     A PPDU (e.g., EHT-PPDU) of  FIG.  10    may be configured based on the example of  FIG.  5    and  FIG.  6   . 
     For example, an EHT PPDU transmitted on a 20 MHz band, i.e., a 20 MHz EHT PPDU, may be configured based on the RU of  FIG.  5   . That is, a location of an RU of EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields included in the EHT PPDU may be determined as shown in  FIG.  5   . 
     An EHT PPDU transmitted on a 40 MHz band, i.e., a 40 MHz EHT PPDU, may be configured based on the RU of  FIG.  6   . That is, a location of an RU of EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields included in the EHT PPDU may be determined as shown in  FIG.  6   . 
     Since the RU location of  FIG.  6    corresponds to 40 MHz, a tone-plan for 80 MHz may be determined when the pattern of  FIG.  6    is repeated twice. That is, an 80 MHz EHT PPDU may be transmitted based on a new tone-plan in which not the RU of  FIG.  7    but the RU of  FIG.  6    is repeated twice. 
     When the pattern of  FIG.  6    is repeated twice, 23 tones (i.e., 11 guard tones+12 guard tones) may be configured in a DC region. That is, a tone-plan for an 80 MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on OFDMA may have 23 DC tones. Unlike this, an 80 MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on non-OFDMA (i.e., a non-OFDMA full bandwidth 80 MHz PPDU) may be configured based on a 996-RU, and may include 5 DC tones, 12 left guard tones, and 11 right guard tones. 
     A tone-plan for 160/240/320 MHz may be configured in such a manner that the pattern of  FIG.  6    is repeated several times. 
     The PPDU of  FIG.  10    may be determined (or identified) as an EHT PPDU based on the following method. 
     A receiving STA may determine a type of an RX PPDU as the EHT PPDU, based on the following aspect. For example, the RX PPDU may be determined as the EHT PPDU: 1) when a first symbol after an L-LTF signal of the RX PPDU is a BPSK symbol; 2) when RL-SIG in which the L-SIG of the RX PPDU is repeated is detected; and 3) when a result of applying “modulo 3” to a value of a length field of the L-SIG of the RX PPDU is detected as “0”. When the RX PPDU is determined as the EHT PPDU, the receiving STA may detect a type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., an SU/MU/Trigger-based/Extended Range type), based on bit information included in a symbol after the RL-SIG of  FIG.  10   . In other words, the receiving STA may determine the RX PPDU as the EHT PPDU, based on: 1) a first symbol after an L-LTF signal, which is a BPSK symbol; 2) RL-SIG contiguous to the L-SIG field and identical to L-SIG; 3) L-SIG including a length field in which a result of applying “modulo 3” is set to “0”; and 4) a 3-bit PHY version identifier of the aforementioned U-SIG (e.g., a PHY version identifier having a first value). 
     For example, the receiving STA may determine the type of the RX PPDU as the EHT PPDU, based on the following aspect. For example, the RX PPDU may be determined as the HE PPDU: 1) when a first symbol after an L-LTF signal is a BPSK symbol; 2) when RL-SIG in which the L-SIG is repeated is detected; and 3) when a result of applying “modulo 3” to a value of a length field of the L-SIG is detected as “1” or “2”. 
     For example, the receiving STA may determine the type of the RX PPDU as a non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU, based on the following aspect. For example, the RX PPDU may be determined as the non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU: 1) when a first symbol after an L-LTF signal is a BPSK symbol; and 2) when RL-SIG in which L-SIG is repeated is not detected. In addition, even if the receiving STA detects that the RL-SIG is repeated, when a result of applying “modulo 3” to the length value of the L-SIG is detected as “0”, the RX PPDU may be determined as the non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU. 
     In the following example, a signal represented as a (TX/RX/UL/DL) signal, a (TX/RX/UL/DL) frame, a (TX/RX/UL/DL) packet, a (TX/RX/UL/DL) data unit, (TX/RX/UL/DL) data, or the like may be a signal transmitted/received based on the PPDU of  FIG.  10   . The PPDU of  FIG.  10    may be used to transmit/receive frames of various types. For example, the PPDU of  FIG.  10    may be used for a control frame. An example of the control frame may include a request to send (RTS), a clear to send (CTS), a power save-poll (PS-poll), BlockACKReq, BlockAck, a null data packet (NDP) announcement, and a trigger frame. For example, the PPDU of  FIG.  10    may be used for a management frame. An example of the management frame may include a beacon frame, a (re-)association request frame, a (re-)association response frame, a probe request frame, and a probe response frame. For example, the PPDU of  FIG.  10    may be used for a data frame. For example, the PPDU of  FIG.  10    may be used to simultaneously transmit at least two or more of the control frames, the management frame, and the data frame. 
       FIG.  11    illustrates an example of a modified transmission device and/or receiving device of the present specification. 
     Each device/STA of the sub-figure (a)/(b) of  FIG.  1    may be modified as shown in  FIG.  11   . A transceiver  630  of  FIG.  11    may be identical to the transceivers  113  and  123  of  FIG.  1   . The transceiver  630  of  FIG.  11    may include a receiver and a transmitter. 
     A processor  610  of  FIG.  11    may be identical to the processors  111  and  121  of  FIG.  1   . Alternatively, the processor  610  of  FIG.  11    may be identical to the processing chips  114  and  124  of  FIG.  1   . 
     A memory  620  of  FIG.  11    may be identical to the memories  112  and  122  of  FIG.  1   . Alternatively, the memory  620  of  FIG.  11    may be a separate external memory different from the memories  112  and  122  of  FIG.  1   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  11   , a power management module  611  manages power for the processor  610  and/or the transceiver  630 . A battery  612  supplies power to the power management module  611 . A display  613  outputs a result processed by the processor  610 . A keypad  614  receives inputs to be used by the processor  610 . The keypad  614  may be displayed on the display  613 . A SIM card  615  may be an integrated circuit which is used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and its related key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices such as mobile phones and computers. 
     Referring to  FIG.  11   , a speaker  640  may output a result related to a sound processed by the processor  610 . A microphone  641  may receive an input related to a sound to be used by the processor  610 . 
     1. Tone Plan in 802.11Ax WLAN System and Phase Rotation 
     In the present specification, a tone plan relates to a rule for determining a size of a resource unit (RU) and/or a location of the RU. Hereinafter, a PPDU based on the IEEE 802.11ax standard, that is, a tone plan applied to an HE PPDU, will be described. In other words, hereinafter, the RU size and RU location applied to the HE PPDU are described, and control information related to the RU applied to the HE PPDU is described. 
     In the present specification, control information related to an RU (or control information related to a tone plan) may include a size and location of the RU, information of a user STA allocated to a specific RU, a frequency bandwidth for a PPDU in which the RU is included, and/or control information on a modulation scheme applied to the specific RU. The control information related to the RU may be included in an SIG field. For example, in the IEEE 802.11ax standard, the control information related to the RU is included in an HE-SIG-B field. That is, in a process of generating a TX PPDU, a transmitting STA may allow the control information on the RU included in the PPDU to be included in the HE-SIG-B field. In addition, a receiving STA may receive an HE-SIG-B included in an RX PPDU and obtain control information included in the HE-SIG-B, so as to determine whether there is an RU allocated to the receiving STA and decode the allocated RU, based on the HE-SIG-B. 
     In the IEEE 802.11ax standard, HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields may be configured in unit of RUs. That is, when a first RU for a first receiving STA is configured, STF/LTF/data fields for the first receiving STA may be transmitted/received through the first RU. 
     In the IEEE 802.11ax standard, a PPDU (i.e., SU PPDU) for one receiving STA and a PPDU (i.e., MU PPDU) for a plurality of receiving STAs are separately defined, and respective tone plans are separately defined. Specific details will be described below. 
     The RU defined in 11ax may include a plurality of subcarriers. For example, when the RU includes N subcarriers, it may be expressed by an N-tone RU or N RUs. A location of a specific RU may be expressed by a subcarrier index. The subcarrier index may be defined in unit of a subcarrier frequency spacing. In the 11ax standard, the subcarrier frequency spacing is 312.5 kHz or 78.125 kHz, and the subcarrier frequency spacing for the RU is 78.125 kHz. That is, a subcarrier index +1 for the RU may mean a location which is more increased by 78.125 kHz than a DC tone, and a subcarrier index −1 for the RU may mean a location which is more decreased by 78.125 kHz than the DC tone. For example, when the location of the specific RU is expressed by [−121:−96], the RU may be located in a region from a subcarrier index −121 to a subcarrier index −96. As a result, the RU may include 26 subcarriers. 
     The N-tone RU may include a pre-set pilot tone. 
     In what follows, a phase rotation value will be described. 
     Υ k,BW  is used for representing phase rotation of a tone. Υ k,BW  for each bandwidth is determined as follows using TXVECTOR parameter CH_BANDWIDTH. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 CH_BANDWIDTH 
                 Υ k, BW   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 CBW20 
                 Υ k, 20   
               
               
                   
                 CBW40 
                 Υ k, 40   
               
               
                   
                 CBW80 
                 Υ k, 80   
               
               
                   
                 CBW160 
                 Υ k, 160   
               
               
                   
                 CBW80 + 80 
                 Υ k, 80  per frequency segment 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The value of Υ k,BW  for each bandwidth is as follows. 
     For a 20 MHz PPDU transmission, 
       (21-14) 
     For a 40 MHz PPDU transmission, 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     ϒ 
                     
                       k 
                       , 
                       40 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     { 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               1 
                               , 
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               k 
                               &lt; 
                               0 
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               j 
                               , 
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               k 
                               ≥ 
                               0 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           
                               
                           
                         
                         
                           
                               
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     21 
                     - 
                     15 
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     For an 80 MHz PPDU transmission, 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     ϒ 
                     
                       k 
                       , 
                       80 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     { 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               1 
                               , 
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               k 
                               &lt; 
                               
                                 - 
                                 64 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 - 
                                 1 
                               
                               , 
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               k 
                               ≥ 
                               
                                 - 
                                 64 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           
                               
                           
                         
                         
                           
                               
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     21 
                     - 
                     16 
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     For an 80+80 MHz PPDU transmission, each 80 MHz frequency segment shall use the phase rotation for 80 MHz PPDU transmissions as defined in Equation (21-16). 
     For a 160 MHz PPDU transmission, 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     ϒ 
                     
                       k 
                       , 
                       160 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     { 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             1 
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             k 
                             &lt; 
                             
                               - 
                               192 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               - 
                               1 
                             
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               - 
                               192 
                             
                             ≤ 
                             k 
                             &lt; 
                             0 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             1 
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             0 
                             ≤ 
                             k 
                             &lt; 
                             64 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               - 
                               1 
                             
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             64 
                             ≤ 
                             k 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     21 
                     - 
                     17 
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Since the phase rotation value is defined in units of 20 MHz bands, the phase rotation value used for transmission of a 80 MHz PPDU is [1, −1, −1, −1], and the phase rotation value used for transmission of a 80+80 MHz or 160 MHz PPDU is [1, −1, −1, −1, 1, −1, −1, −1]. 
     2. Embodiment Applicable to the Present Disclosure 
     The WLAN 802.11 system considers transmission of an increased stream using a band wider than that of the existing 11ax or more antennas to increase the peak throughput. In addition, this specification considers multiple RU aggregation and preamble puncturing, and also considers a method of using various bands by aggregation. 
     In the present specification, when PPDU is transmitted using 40/80 MHz, phase rotation applied to the legacy preamble and U-SIG, EHT-SIG part (or up to the field just before EHT-STF) is proposed. In 40 MHz, non-preamble puncturing is considered, and in 80 MHz, an optimized phase rotation is proposed considering not only non-preamble puncturing but also a limited preamble puncturing situation. 
     A representative structure of an 802.11be PPDU (EHT PPDU) is shown in  FIG.  10   . The U-SIG consists of a version independent field and a version dependent field. In addition, U-SIG consists of two symbols, two symbols are jointly encoded, and each 20 MHz consists of 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones. Also, U-SIG is modulated in the same way as HE-SIG-A. EHT-SIG can be divided into common field and user specific field and can be encoded as variable MCS. Information for allocating RUs may be carried in the common field and the user specific field. 
     When the transmitter transmits the PPDU, phase rotation may be applied to lower the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Phase rotation may be applied to a field from L-preamble to just before EHT-STF, and a phase rotation value may be defined in units of 20 MHz. In particular, in 20/40/80 MHz, the phase rotation defined in 11 ax may be used as it is. However, in 80 MHz, not only non-preamble puncturing but also a new preamble puncturing pattern as follows are defined, and phase rotation of 11ax may not be an optimized phase rotation considering preamble puncturing.
         [OOOO], [XOOO], [OXOO], [OOXO], [OOOX]       

     In the above, O or X means that a specific 20 MHz channel is not punctured or punctured, and is expressed in order from a low frequency 20 MHz channel to a high 20 MHz channel. 
       FIGS.  12  to  14    show the PAPR of L-SIG/U-SIG/EHT-SIG of 20/40/80 MHz when the phase rotation of 11ax is applied as it is, and compared with the PAPR of the data part. The corresponding phase rotation was not applied to the data part. 
       FIG.  12    is a graph illustrating PAPR of a field to which phase rotation of 802.11ax is applied in 20 MHz PPDU transmission. 
       FIG.  13    is a graph illustrating PAPR of a field to which phase rotation of 802.11ax is applied in 40 MHz PPDU transmission. 
       FIG.  14    is a graph illustrating PAPR of a field to which phase rotation of 802.11ax is applied in 80 MHz PPDU transmission. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  12  to  14   , in 20 MHz transmission, it can be confirmed that L-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG have similar or good PAPR compared to the data part, but not in 40/80 MHz transmission. It can be seen that 40 MHz has very poor PAPR in L-SIG and U-SIG even though preamble puncturing is not considered. In 80 MHz transmission, it can be seen that the overall PAPR is increased by the preamble puncturing pattern newly defined in 802.11be. 
     Therefore, in order to further reduce the PAPR of L-SIG/U-SIG/EHT-SIG, this embodiment proposes to apply phase rotation in units of 10 MHz. At 20 MHz, there is no need to multiply a special coefficient for each 10 MHz unit as before (Or, expressed differently, the phase rotation of [1 1] can be applied, and each coefficient is a phase rotation value multiplied by the lower 10 MHz and higher 10 MHz parts). Phase rotation at 40/80 MHz is proposed as follows. 
     2.1. 40 MHz 
     Various phase rotations are proposed below, and the meaning of phase rotation [a b c d] is that the lowest 10 MHz is multiplied by a, the second lowest 10 MHz is multiplied by b, the second highest 10 MHz is multiplied by c, and the highest 10 MHz is multiplied by d.
         [1 1 1 −], [1 −1 −1 −1], [1 1 −1 1], [1 −1 1 1]       

     It may be desirable to reuse the existing 80 MHz phase rotation [1 −1 −1 −1] and apply it in units of 10 MHz.  FIG.  15    shows PAPR in various fields when [1 −1 −1 −1] is applied, but phase rotation is not applied to the data part. Almost similar results can be obtained by applying the other phase rotations suggested above. 
       FIG.  15    is a graph showing PAPR of a field to which phase rotation of 802.11ax is applied in units of 10 MHz in 40 MHz PPDU transmission. 
     2.2. 80 MHz 
     Various phase rotations are suggested below, and the meaning of phase rotation [a b c d e f g h] is that the lowest 10 MHz is multiplied by a, the second lowest 10 MHz is multiplied by b, the third lowest 10 MHz is multiplied by c, the fourth lowest 10 MHz is multiplied by d, the fourth highest 10 MHz is multiplied by e, the third highest 10 MHz is multiplied by f, the second highest 10 MHz is multiplied by g, and the highest 10 MHz is multiplied by h. 
     It may be desirable to reuse the existing 160 MHz phase rotation [1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1] as it is and apply it in units of 10 MHz. However, since this is not good for PAPR performance, the following phase rotation can be considered.
         [1 1 j 1 1 −1 j −1], [1 1 −j 1 1 −1 −j −1], [1 j 1 −1 −1 j −1 −1], [1 −j 1 −1 −1 −j −1 −1], [1 1 1 j −1 1 −1 j], [1 1 1 −j −1 1 −1 −j],   [1 1 j −1 1 −1 j 1], [1 1 −j −1 1 −1 −j 1], [1 j −1 1 −1 j 1 1], [1 j −j j 1 −j −j −j], [1 −j −1 1 j 1 1], [1 −j j −j 1 j j j]       

       FIG.  16    shows PAPR in various fields when phase rotation of [1 1 −j 1 1 −1 −j −1] is applied. However, phase rotation is not applied to the data part. Almost similar results can be obtained by applying the other phase rotations suggested above. 
       FIG.  16    is a graph showing PAPR of a field to which phase rotation of 802.11ax is applied in units of 10 MHz in 80 MHz PPDU transmission. 
     In addition, in the present specification, when PPDU is transmitted using a wideband (i.e., 160/240/320 MHz), phase rotation applied to the legacy preamble and U-SIG, EHT-SIG part is proposed. In addition, in this specification, phase rotation is designed in a method of repeating 80 MHz phase rotation applied in units of 10 MHz and multiplying a new coefficient in units of 80 MHz, and proposes optimized phase rotation in consideration of a limited preamble puncturing situation. 
     In this situation, in order to further lower the PAPR, 80 MHz phase rotation in units of 10 MHz as follows may be applied.
         [1 1 j 1 1 −1 j −1], [1 1 −j 1 1 −1 −j −1], [1 j 1 −1 −1 j −1 −1], [1 −j 1 −1 −1 −j −1 −1]   [1 1 j −1 1 −1 j 1], [1 1 −j −1 1 −1 −j 1], [1 j −1 1 −1 j 1 1], [1 −j −1 1 −1 −j 1 1],   [1 1 1 j −1 1 −1 j], [1 1 1 −j −1 1 −1 −j], [1 j −j j 1 −j −j −j], [1 −j j −j 1 j j]       

     In addition, 80 MHz phase rotation in units of 10 MHz as shown below can also be considered, which reuses 802.11ax 160 MHz phase rotation.
         [1 −1−1 −1 1−1 −1−1]       

     Meanwhile, in 802.11be, bandwidths of contiguous 160/240/320 MHz and non-contiguous 80+80/160+80/80+160/160+160 MHz can also be used. Here, 240/160+80/80+160 MHz can be considered as puncturing 80 MHz part from 320/160+160 MHz. That is, it can be applied to 240/160+80/80+160 MHz except for punctured 80 MHz among the phase rotation values used at 320/160+160 MHz. Alternatively, phase rotation suitable for 240/160+80/80+160 MHz may be applied separately from 320/160+160 MHz. 
     This specification proposes a phase rotation applied to contiguous 160/240/320 MHz and non-contiguous 80+80/160+80/80+160/160+160 MHz by repeating 80 MHz phase rotation in units of 10 MHz units above and applying additional 80 MHz phase rotation. 
     2.3. 160/80+80 MHz 
     Phase rotation may be expressed as follows. It is a phase rotation in units of 80 MHz where a is multiplied by the low 80 MHz channel, and b is multiplied by the high 80 MHz channel. 80PR means 80 MHz phase rotation in units of 10 MHz.
         [a*80PR b*80PR]       

     a and b may be optimized in consideration of non-preamble puncturing and preamble puncturing patterns and various RF capabilities. 
     The following are non-preamble puncturing and preamble puncturing patterns applied to 160/80+80 MHz.
         [OOOO OOOO]   [XXOO OOOO]   [OOXX OOOO]   [OOOO XXOO]   [XOOO OOXX]   [XOOO OOOO]   [OXOO OOOO]   [OOXO OOOO]   [OOOX OOOO]   [OOOO XOOO]   [OOOO OXOO]   [OOOO OOXO]   [OOOO OOOX]       

     Regarding RF capability, PPDU can be transmitted only with 160 MHz capable RF. Also, PPDU can be transmitted with two 80 MHz capable RFs or one 160 MHz capable RE 
     Considering all of the above situations, the following optimized phase rotation is proposed. That is, it is possible to propose optimized a and b in a situation in which various puncturing situations and RF capability are simultaneously considered. Also, regardless of the RF capability in both situations, a and b are optimized to the same value. 
     According to each 80PR, &lt;a b&gt; is as follows.
         80PR=[1 1 j 1 1 −1 j −1], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;   80PR=[1 1 −j 1 1 −1 −j −1], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;   80PR=[1 j 1 −1 −1 j −1 −1], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;   80PR=[1 −j 1 −1 −1 −j −1 −1], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;   80PR=[1 1 j −1 1 −1 j 1], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;   80PR=[1 1 −j −1 1 −1 −j 1], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;   80PR=[1 j −1 1 −1 j 1 1], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;   80PR=[1 −j −1 1 −1 −j 1 1], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;   80PR=[1 1 1 j −1 1 −1 j], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1&gt;   80PR=[1 1 1 −j −1 1 −1 −j], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1&gt;   80PR=[1 j −j j 1 −j −j −j], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1&gt;   80PR=[1 −j j −j 1 j j j], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1&gt;   80PR=[1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1], &lt;a b&gt;=&lt;1 −1&gt;       

     2.4. 240/160+80 MHz 
     Phase rotation can be expressed as follows, where a is the phase rotation multiplied by the lowest 80 MHz channel, b is the phase rotation multiplied by the second lowest 80 MHz channel, and c is the phase rotation multiplied by the highest 80 MHz channel. 80PR means 80 MHz phase rotation in units of 10 MHz.
         [a*80PR b*80PR c*80PR]       

     a, b, and c may be optimized in consideration of non-preamble puncturing and preamble puncturing patterns and various RF capabilities. 
     The following are non-preamble puncturing and preamble puncturing patterns applied to 240/160+80 MHz.
         [OOOO OOOO OOOO]   [XXOO OOOO OOOO]   [OOXX OOOO OOOO]   [OOOO XXOO OOOO]   [OOOO OOXX OOOO]   [OOOO OOOO XXOO]   [OOOO OOOO OOXX]   [XXXX OOOO OOOO]   [OOOO XXXX OOOO]   [OOOO OOOO XXXX]       

     Regarding RF capability, PPDU can be transmitted with one 320 MHz capable RF. Also, PPDU can be transmitted with three 80 MHz capable RFs, or one 80 MHz capable RF and one 160 MHz capable RF, or one 320 MHz capable RE 
     Considering all of the above situations, the following optimized phase rotation is proposed. That is, it is possible to propose optimized a, b, and c in a situation in which various puncturing situations and RF capability are simultaneously considered. Also, a, b, and c are optimized to the same value regardless of RF capability in both situations. 
     According to each 80PR, &lt;a b c&gt; is as follows.
         80PR=[1 1 j 1 1 −1 j −1], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 1 −j 1 1 −1 −j −1], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 j 1 −1 −1 j −1 −1], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 −j 1 −1 −1 −j −1 −1], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 1 j −1 1 −1 j 1], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 j&gt;, &lt;1 1 −j&gt;, &lt;1 −j −j&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 1 −j −1 1 −1 −j 1], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 j&gt;, &lt;1 1 −j&gt;, &lt;1 j j&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 j −1 1 −1 j 1 1], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 j&gt;, &lt;1 1 −j&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j j&gt;, &lt;1 −j −j&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 −j −1 1 −1 −j 1 1], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 j&gt;, &lt;1 1 −j&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j j&gt;, &lt;1 −j −j&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 1 1 j −1 1 −1 j], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 j&gt;, &lt;1 j j&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 1 1 −j −1 1 −1 −j], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −j&gt;, &lt;1 −j −j&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 j −j j 1 −j −j −j], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 j&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j j&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 −j j −j 1 j j j], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 −j&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −j −j&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;   80PR=[1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1], &lt;a b c&gt;=&lt;1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 j&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −j&gt;, &lt;1 j −j&gt;, &lt;1 −j j&gt;       

     2.5. 320/160+160 MHz 
     Phase rotation can be expressed as follows, where a is the phase rotation multiplied by the lowest 80 MHz channel, b is the phase rotation multiplied by the second lowest 80 MHz channel, c is the phase rotation multiplied by the second highest 80 MHz channel, and d is the phase rotation multiplied by the highest 80 MHz channel. 80PR means 80 MHz phase rotation in units of 10 MHz.
         [a*80PR b*80PR c*80PR d*80PR]       

     a, b, c, and d may be optimized in consideration of non-preamble puncturing and preamble puncturing patterns and various RF capabilities. 
     The following are non-preamble puncturing and preamble puncturing patterns applied to 320/160+160 MHz.
         [OOOO OOOO OOOO OOOO]   [XXOO OOOO OOOO OOOO]   [OOXX OOOO OOOO OOOO]   [OOOO XXOO OOOO OOOO]   [OOOO OOXX OOOO OOOO]   [OOOO OOOO XXOO OOOO]   [OOOO OOOO OOXX OOOO]   [OOOO OOOO OOOO XXOO]   [OOOO OOOO OOOO OOXX]   [XXXX OOOO OOOO OOOO]   [OOOO XXXX OOOO OOOO]   [OOOO OOOO XXXX OOOO]   [OOOO OOOO OOOO XXXX]       

     Regarding RF capability, PPDU can be transmitted with one 320 MHz capable RF. Also, the PPDU can be transmitted by two 160 MHz capable RFs or one 320 MHz capable RE Also, the PPDU can be transmitted to four 80 MHz capable RFs, or two 80 MHz capable RFs and one 160 MHz capable RF, or two 160 MHz capable RFs, or one 320 MHz capable RF. When two 80 MHz capable RFs and one 160 MHz capable RF are used, only the case where 160 MHz RF is applied to one 160 MHz of both 160 MHz to generate a PPDU was considered. That is, the case where 160 MHz RF is used in the center 160 MHz and two 80 MHz RFs are applied to the remaining 80 MHz on both sides is not considered. 
     Considering all of the above situations, the following optimized phase rotation is proposed. That is, it is possible to propose optimized a, b, c, and d in a situation in which various puncturing situations and RF capability are simultaneously considered. Also, a, b, c, and d are optimized to the same value regardless of RF capability in both situations. 
     According to each 80PR, &lt;a b c d&gt; is as follows.
         80PR=[1 1 j 1 1 −1 j −1], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 j j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 j&gt;   80PR=[1 1 −j 1 1 −1 −j −1], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1−1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 −j&gt;   80PR=[1 j 1 −1 −1 j −1 −1], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1−1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 j j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 −j&gt;   80PR=[1 −j 1 −1 −1 −j −1 −1], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1−1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 j&gt;   80PR=[1 1 j −1 1 −1 j 1], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 −j&gt;   80PR=[1 1 −j −1 1 −1 −j 1], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −j −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 j&gt;   80PR=[1 j −1 1 −1 j 1 1], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 j j 1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 j&gt;   80PR=[1 −j −1 1 −1 −j 1 1], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 −j&gt;   80PR=[1 1 1 j −1 1 −1 j], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 j j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 j&gt;   80PR=[1 1 1 −j −1 1 −1 −j], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 −j&gt;   80PR=[1 j −j j 1 −j −j −j], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1−1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 j j 1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 j&gt;   80PR=[1 −j j −j 1 j j j], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1−1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −j −j 1&gt;, &lt;1 1 j 1&gt;, &lt;1 −   80PR=[1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1], &lt;a b c d&gt;=&lt;1 1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 1 −1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 1 1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 j −1&gt;, &lt;1 −1 −j −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 j 1 −j&gt;, &lt;1 j −1 j&gt;, &lt;1 j −j −1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 −1&gt;, &lt;1 −j 1 j&gt;, &lt;1 −j −1 −j&gt;, &lt;1 −j j −1&gt;       

     2.6. 240/160+80 MHz 
     A phase rotation of 240/160+80 MHz is additionally proposed using the phase rotation of 320/160+160 MHz of 2.5. For this, phase rotation of 240/160+80 MHz is proposed considering that 80 MHz is punctured from 320/160+160 MHz. In this case, the phase rotation of 320/160+160 MHz is as follows.
         [a*80PR b*80PR c*80PR d*80PR]       

     a, b, c, and d according to each 80PR are the same as the proposal of 2.5. 
     When the first 80 MHz is punctured, the phase rotation of 240/160+80 MHz is as follows.
         [b*80PR c*80PR d*80PR]       

     When the second 80 MHz is punctured, the phase rotation of 240/160+80 MHz is as follows.
         [a*80PR c*80PR d*80PR]       

     When the third 80 MHz is punctured, the phase rotation of 240/160+80 MHz is as follows.
         [a*80PR b*80PR d*80PR]       

     When the fourth 80 MHz is punctured, the phase rotation of 240/160+80 MHz is as follows.
         [a*80PR b*80PR c*80PR]       

     In the above example, the calculation of PAPR is performed for L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, U-SIG, EHT-SIG and quadrupled IFFT/IDFT (e.g., based on subcarrier spacing of 78.125 kHz). IFFT/IDFT) is assumed. 
     The preamble puncturing pattern may be indicated by the Punctured Channel Information field of the U-SIG (U-SIG-2). The Punctured Channel Information field consists of 5 bits. 
     Specifically, when the PPDU is transmitted in the non-OFDMA scheme, 5 bits of the Punctured Channel Information field may be set as items in the table below to signal the non-OFDMA puncturing pattern of the entire PPDU bandwidth. The table below defines the preamble puncturing pattern in the non-OFDMA scheme for each PPDU bandwidth. A value not defined in the Punctured Channel Information field is valid. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 PPDU 
                   
                   
                 Field 
               
               
                 bandwidth 
                 Cases 
                 Puncturing pattern 
                 value 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 20/40 
                 MHz 
                 No puncturing 
                 [1 1 1 1] 
                 0 
               
               
                 80 
                 MHz 
                 No puncturing 
                 [1 1 1 1] 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 20 MHz puncturing 
                 [x 1 1 1] 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 x 1 1] 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 x 1] 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 x] 
                 4 
               
               
                 160 
                 MHz 
                 No puncturing 
                 [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1] 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 20 MHz puncturing 
                 [x 1 1 1 1 1 1 1] 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 x 1 1 1 1 1 1] 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 x 1 1 1 1 1] 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 x 1 1 1 1] 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 x 1 1 1] 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 1 x 1 1] 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 1 1 x 1] 
                 7 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x] 
                 8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 40 MHz puncturing 
                 [x x 1 1 1 1 1 1] 
                 9 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 x x 1 1 1 1] 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 x x 1 1] 
                 11 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 1 1 x x] 
                 12 
               
               
                 320 
                 MHz 
                 No puncturing 
                 [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1] 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 40 MHz puncturing 
                 [x 1 1 1 1 1 1 1] 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 x 1 1 1 1 1 1] 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 x 1 1 1 1 1] 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 x 1 1 1 1] 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 x 1 1 1] 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 1 x 1 1] 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 1 1 x 1] 
                 7 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x] 
                 8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 80 MHz puncturing 
                 [x x 1 1 1 1 1 1] 
                 9 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 x x 1 1 1 1] 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 x x 1 1] 
                 11 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1 1 1 1 1 1 x x] 
                 12 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As another example, when the PPDU is transmitted in the OFDMA scheme, first, if the bandwidth is determined as 80/160/320 MHz based on the bandwidth (BW) field of U-SIG-1, a bitmap composed of 4 bits in the Punctured Channel Information field (The last 1 bit can be ignored) may indicate whether to puncture a 20 MHz channel for each 80 MHz segment. In the 4-bit bitmap, in the order of the lowest bit to the highest bit, the channel may be applied from the lowest frequency 20 MHz channel to the highest frequency 20 MHz channel. When each bit of the 4-bit bitmap indicates 0, the corresponding 20 MHz channel is punctured, and when each bit of the 4-bit bitmap indicates 1, the corresponding 20 MHz channel is not punctured. The allowed puncturing patterns for the 80 MHz segment are: 0111, 1011, 1101, 1110, 0011, 1100 and 1001. Other field values are valid in addition to the above allowed puncturing patterns. The field value for the puncturing pattern may be different for different 80 MHz. 
     In addition, a transmitter modulation accuracy (EVM) test will be described. This is related to RF capability, which will be described later. 
     The transmitter modulation accuracy test procedure for the occupied subcarrier of the PPDU is as follows. 
     a) The start of the PPDU shall be detected. 
     b) The test device should detect the transition from L-STF to L-LTF and set precise timing. 
     c) The test rig shall estimate a coarse and fine frequency offset. 
     d) The symbols of the PPDU shall be reverse rotated according to the estimated frequency offset. Sampling offset drift must also be compensated. 
     e) For each EHT-LTF symbol, the test device converts the symbol into a subcarrier received value, estimates the phase from the pilot subcarrier, and reverses the subcarrier value according to the estimated phase. For a 320 MHz PPDU, the phase estimation is robust to uncorrelated phase noise in the lower and upper 160 MHz frequency portions of the PPDU. In this case, if the lower and upper 160 MHz channels have uncorrelated phase noise, the 320 MHz PPDU may be transmitted through two RFs with 160 MHz capability. Alternatively, if the lower and upper 160 MHz channels have correlated phase noise, the 320 MHz PPDU may be transmitted through one RF with 320 MHz capability. 
     f) The test device estimates complex channel response coefficients for each subcarrier and each transport stream. 
     g) the test device transforms the symbol into a subcarrier received value for each data OFDM symbol, estimates the phase from the pilot subcarrier, compensates the subcarrier value according to the estimated phase, and groups the results of all receiver chains of each subcarrier as follows. The vector is multiplied by a zero-forcing equalization matrix generated from the estimated channel. For a 320 MHz PPDU, the phase estimate is robust to uncorrelated noise in the lower and upper 160 MHz frequency portions of the PPDU. 
     h) The test device finds the nearest constellation point for each data-carrying subcarrier in each spatial stream of the RU under test and calculates the Euclidean distance therefrom. 
     i) The test device calculates the average over the PPDU of RMS of all errors per PPDU. 
     The phase rotation value proposed in this embodiment is applied to each element in units of 10 MHz, so there is an effect of further reducing PAPR in L-SIG/U-SIG/EHT-SIG than when the phase rotation value is applied in units of 20 MHz. In addition, the phase rotation value proposed in this embodiment has a new effect that it can guarantee improved performance in the 40/80/160/320 MHz band without complicated implementation. 
       FIG.  17    is a flowchart showing operations of a transmitting apparatus according to the present embodiment. 
     The above-described phase rotation may be applied based on the apparatus of  FIG.  17   . 
     An example of  FIG.  17    may be performed by a transmitting apparatus (AP and/or non-AP STA). Part of each step (or detailed sub-step that will be described later on) in the example of  FIG.  17    may be skipped (or omitted) or varied. 
     In step S 1710 , a transmitting apparatus (i.e., transmitting STA) may obtain control information for an STF sequence. For example, the transmitting apparatus may obtain information related to a bandwidth (e.g., 80/160/240/320 MHz) that is applied to the STF sequence. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitting apparatus may obtain information (e.g., information instructing generation of 1x, 2x, 4x sequence(s)) related to a characteristic that is applied to the STF sequence. 
     In step S 1720 , the transmitting apparatus may configure or generate a control signal/control field (e.g., EHT-STF signal/field) based on the obtained control information (e.g., information related to bandwidth). 
     Step S 1720  may include more detailed sub-steps. 
     For example, step S 1720  may further include a step of selecting one STF sequence among multiple STF sequences based on the control information that is obtained in step S 1710 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, step S 1720  may further include a step of performing power boosting. 
     Step S 1720  may also be referred to as a step of generating a sequence. 
     In step S 1730 , the transmitting apparatus may transmit the signal/field/sequence, which is configured or generated in step S 1720 , to a receiving apparatus based on step S 1730 . 
     Step S 1730  may include more detailed sub-steps. 
     For example, the transmitting apparatus may perform a Phase rotation step. More specifically, the transmitting apparatus may also perform a Phase rotation step in 20 MHz*N units (wherein N=integer) for the sequence that is generated in step S 1720 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, the transmitting apparatus may transmit at least one of the operations of CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT/IFFT operation, GI insertion, and so on. 
     The signal(s)/field(s)/sequences(s) that is/are configured according to the present specification may be transmitted in the format of  FIG.  10   . 
     An example of  FIG.  17    is related to a transmitting apparatus (AP and/or non-AP STA). 
     As shown in  FIG.  1   , the transmitting apparatus (or transmitter) may include a memory  112 , a processor  111 , and a transceiver  113 . 
     The memory  112  may store information on multiple STF sequences that are described in the present specification. Additionally, the memory  112  may store control information for generating STF sequence(s)/PPDU(s). 
     The processor  111  may generate various sequences (e.g., STF sequences) based on the information stored in the memory  112  and may configure a PPDU. An example of the PPDU that is generated by the processor  111  may be the same as  FIG.  10   . 
     The processor  111  may perform part of the operations shown in  FIG.  12   . For example, the processor  111  may obtain control information for generating STF sequences and may configure an STF sequence. 
     For example, the processor  111  may include additional detailed units. The processor  111  may perform operations, such as CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT/IFFT operation, GI insertion, and so on. 
     The transceiver  113  shown in the drawing includes an antenna and may perform analog signal processing. More specifically, the processor  111  may control the transceiver  113  so that the PPDU generated by the processor  111  can be transmitted. 
       FIG.  18    is a flowchart showing operations of a receiving apparatus according to the present embodiment. 
     The above-described phase rotation may be applied in accordance with the example of  FIG.  18   . 
     An example of  FIG.  18    may be performed by a receiving apparatus (AP and/or non-AP STA). 
     An example of  FIG.  18    may be performed by a receiving STA or receiving apparatus (AP and/or non-AP STA). Part of each step (or detailed sub-step that will be described later on) in the example of  FIG.  18    may be skipped (or omitted). 
     In step S 1810 , the receiving apparatus (receiving STA) may receive a signal/field including an STF sequence (i.e., EHT-STF/EHT-S sequence) through step S 1810 . The received signal may have the format shown in  FIG.  10   . 
     A sub-step of step S 1810  may be determined based on step S 1730 . That is, step S 1810  may perform operations of recovering (or reconfiguring) the results of the operations of CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT/IFFT operation, GI insertion, and so on, which are applied in step S 1730 . 
     In step S 1810 , the STF sequence may perform various functions, such as finding (or discovering) time/frequency synchronization of a signal, estimating AGC gain, and so on. 
     In step S 1820 , the receiving apparatus may perform decoding on the received signal based on the STF sequence. 
     For example, step S 1820  may include a step of decoding a data field of a PPDU including the STF sequence. That is, the receiving apparatus may decode a signal that is included in a data field of a successfully received PPDU based on the STF sequence. 
     The receiving apparatus may process the data that is decoded in step S 1830 . 
     For example, the receiving apparatus may perform a processing operation of delivering (or transferring) data that is decoded in step S 1830  to a higher layer (e.g., MAC layer). Furthermore, when signal generation is instructed to the PHY layer from the higher layer in response to the data that is delivered to the higher layer, subsequent operations may be performed. 
     An example of  FIG.  18    is related to a transmitting apparatus (AP and/or non-AP STA). 
     As shown in  FIG.  1   , the transmitting apparatus (or transmitter) may include a memory  112 , a processor  111 , and a transceiver  113 . 
     The memory  112  may store information on multiple STF sequences that are described in the present specification. Additionally, the memory  112  may store control information for generating STF sequence(s)/PPDU(s). 
     The processor  111  may generate various sequences (e.g., STF sequences) based on the information stored in the memory  112  and may configure a PPDU. An example of the PPDU that is generated by the processor  111  may be the same as  FIG.  10   . 
     The processor  111  may perform part of the operations shown in  FIG.  18   . For example, the processor  111  may obtain control information for generating STF sequences and may configure an STF sequence. 
     For example, the processor  111  may include additional detailed units. The processor  111  may perform operations, such as CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT/IFFT operation, GI insertion, and so on. 
     The transceiver  113  shown in the drawing includes an antenna and may perform analog signal processing. More specifically, the processor  111  may control the transceiver  113  so that the PPDU generated by the processor  111  can be transmitted. 
     Part of the technical characteristics (or features) shown in  FIG.  18    may be implemented by the transceiver  113 . More specifically, analog RF processing that is shown in the drawing may be included in the transceiver  113 . 
     Hereinafter, the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to  FIG.  1    to  FIG.  18   . 
       FIG.  19    is a flowchart showing a procedure for transmitting a PPDU, by a transmitting STA, according to the present embodiment. 
     The example of  FIG.  19    may be performed in a network environment in which a next generation WLAN system (IEEE 802.11be or EHT WLAN system) is supported. The next generation wireless LAN system is a WLAN system that is enhanced from an 802.11ax system and may, therefore, satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11ax system. 
     The example of  FIG.  19    is performed by a transmitting STA, and the transmitting STA may correspond to an access point (AP). A receiving STA of  FIG.  19    may correspond to an STA that supports an Extremely High Throughput (EHT) WLAN system. 
     This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for configuring a phase rotation value applied to a legacy preamble for optimized PAPR in the legacy preamble in consideration of limited preamble puncturing when transmitting a PPDU through a specific band (40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz or 320 MHz). 
     In step S 1910 , a transmitting station (STA) generates a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). 
     In step S 1920 , the transmitting STA transmits the PPDU to a receiving STA through a first band. 
     The PPDU includes a legacy preamble and first and second signal fields. 
     The legacy preamble and the first and second signal fields are generated based on a first phase rotation value. That is, the phase rotation may be applied from the legacy preamble to the EHT-SIG. 
     When the first band is a 40 MHz band, the first phase rotation value is [1 −1 −1 −1]. In this case, each element of the first phase rotation value is applied for each 10 MHz band in the first band. That is, one element of the first phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value applied to each 10 MHz band of the 40 MHz band. 
     Specifically, a subcarrier range to which the phase rotation value is applied will be described. 
     When the first band is a 40 MHz band, the first band may consist of subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from −64 to 63. A first element 1 of the first phase rotation values is applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from −64 to −33, and a second element −1 of the first phase rotation value is applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from −32 to −1, a third element of −1 among the first phase rotation values is applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from 0 to 31, a fourth element of −1 among the first phase rotation values may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices from 32 to 63. 
     When the first band is an 80 MHz band, the first phase rotation value may be obtained based on a first preamble puncturing pattern of the first band. The first preamble puncturing pattern may include a pattern in which a 20 MHz band is punctured in the first band. The first phase rotation value may be 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1. Each element of the first phase rotation value is applied to each 10 MHz band in the first band. 
     Specifically, a subcarrier range to which the phase rotation value is applied will be described. 
     When the first band is the 80 MHz band, the first band may consist of subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from −128 to 127. 
     A first element 1 of the first phase rotation value may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices from −128 to −97, a second element −1 of the first phase rotation value may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from −96 to −65, a third element of −1 of the first phase rotation values may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices −64 to −33. 
     A fourth element −1 of the first phase rotation values may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices from −32 to −1, a fifth element 1 of the first phase rotation value may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices from 0 to 31, a sixth element −1 of the first phase rotation value may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from 32 to 63, a seventh element of −1 of the first phase rotation values may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices 64 to 95, an eighth element −1 of the first phase rotation values may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices from 96 to 127. 
     The legacy preamble may include a Legacy-Short Training Field (L-STF), a Legacy-Long Training Field (L-LTF) and a Legacy-Signal (L-SIG). The first signal field may be a Universal-Signal (U-SIG), the second signal field may be an Extremely High Throughput-Signal (EHT-SIG). The PPDU may further include an EHT-STF, an EHT-LTF and a data field. 
     The first phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value defined for obtaining an optimal Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the legacy preamble. That is, by applying the first phase rotation value to the legacy preamble in units of 10 MHz instead of in units of 20 MHz, PAPR in the L-SIG, the U-SIG, and the EHT-SIG may be improved (reduced). 
     The first signal field may include information on the first preamble puncturing pattern. 
     When the first band is a 160 MHz band, the first phase rotation value may be −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1 1. The first phase rotation value may be generated based on a second phase rotation value and a third phase rotation value. The second phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value in which the phase rotation value for the 80 MHz band defined in the 802.11ax wireless LAN system is repeated. For example, the second phase rotation value may be −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −11. (repeat [1 −1 −1 −1] 4 times). 
     The third phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value defined in units of 80 MHz bands to obtain an optimal PAPR of the legacy preamble. The optimal PAPR of the legacy preamble may be obtained based on a combination of a radio frequency (RF) used when transmitting the PPDU. The combination of the RF may include a combination of two RFs with 80 MHz capability or one RF with 160 MHz capability. For example, the third phase rotation value may be 1 −11. That is, the first phase rotation value may be obtained based on a product of the second phase rotation value and the third phase rotation value. 
     when the first band is a 320 MHz band, the first phase rotation value may be [1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1]. 
     The first phase rotation value may be generated based on a second phase rotation value and a third phase rotation value. The second phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value in which the phase rotation value for the 80 MHz band defined in the 802.11ax wireless LAN system is repeated. For example, the second phase rotation value is the second phase rotation value is [1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1−1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1] (repeat −1 −1 −11 8 times). 
     The third phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value defined in units of 80 MHz bands to obtain an optimal PAPR of the legacy preamble. The optimal PAPR of the legacy preamble may be obtained based on a combination of a radio frequency (RF) used when transmitting the PPDU. The combination of the RF may include a combination of two RFs with 160 MHz capability or one RF with 320 MHz capability. For example, the third phase rotation value may be −1 −1 −1 −1. The first phase rotation value may be obtained based on a product of the second phase rotation value and the third phase rotation value. 
     The first signal field may include information on the first preamble puncturing pattern (or Punctured Channel Information). In addition, the first signal field may further include information on bandwidth and information on PPDU type and compression mode. The second signal field may include resource unit (RU) information. The transmitting STA may inform information on the tone plan at 160/240/320 MHz through the first and second signal fields. In addition, the EHT-STF, the EHT-LTF, and the data field may be transmitted/received in a band (or RU) included in a tone plan of the broadband. 
       FIG.  20    is a flowchart showing a procedure for receiving a PPDU, by a receiving STA, according to the present embodiment. 
     The example of  FIG.  20    may be performed in a network environment in which a next generation WLAN system (IEEE 802.11be or EHT WLAN system) is supported. The next generation wireless LAN system is a WLAN system that is enhanced from an 802.11ax system and may, therefore, satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11ax system. 
     The example of  FIG.  20    may be performed by a receiving STA, and the receiving STA may correspond to an STA supporting an Extremely High Throughput (EHT) WLAN system. A transmitting STA of  FIG.  20    may correspond to an access point (AP). 
     This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for configuring a phase rotation value applied to a legacy preamble for optimized PAPR in the legacy preamble in consideration of limited preamble puncturing when transmitting a PPDU through a specific band (40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz or 320 MHz). 
     In step S 2010 , a receiving station (STA) receives a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a transmitting STA through a first band. 
     In step S 2020 , the receiving STA decodes the PPDU. 
     The PPDU includes a legacy preamble and first and second signal fields. 
     The legacy preamble and the first and second signal fields are generated based on a first phase rotation value. That is, the phase rotation may be applied from the legacy preamble to the EHT-SIG. 
     When the first band is a 40 MHz band, the first phase rotation value is [1 −1 −1 −1]. In this case, each element of the first phase rotation value is applied for each 10 MHz band in the first band. That is, one element of the first phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value applied to each 10 MHz band of the 40 MHz band. 
     Specifically, a subcarrier range to which the phase rotation value is applied will be described. 
     When the first band is a 40 MHz band, the first band may consist of subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from −64 to 63. A first element 1 of the first phase rotation values is applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from −64 to −33, and a second element −1 of the first phase rotation value is applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from −32 to −1, a third element of −1 among the first phase rotation values is applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from 0 to 31, a fourth element of −1 among the first phase rotation values may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices from 32 to 63. 
     When the first band is an 80 MHz band, the first phase rotation value may be obtained based on a first preamble puncturing pattern of the first band. The first preamble puncturing pattern may include a pattern in which a 20 MHz band is punctured in the first band. The first phase rotation value may be [1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1]. Each element of the first phase rotation value is applied to each 10 MHz band in the first band. 
     Specifically, a subcarrier range to which the phase rotation value is applied will be described. 
     When the first band is the 80 MHz band, the first band may consist of subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from −128 to 127. 
     A first element 1 of the first phase rotation value may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices from −128 to −97, a second element −1 of the first phase rotation value may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from −96 to −65, a third element of −1 of the first phase rotation values may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices −64 to −33. 
     A fourth element −1 of the first phase rotation values may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices from −32 to −1, a fifth element 1 of the first phase rotation value may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices from 0 to 31, a sixth element −1 of the first phase rotation value may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indexes from 32 to 63, a seventh element of −1 of the first phase rotation values may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices 64 to 95, an eighth element −1 of the first phase rotation values may be applied to subcarriers having subcarrier indices from 96 to 127. 
     The legacy preamble may include a Legacy-Short Training Field (L-STF), a Legacy-Long Training Field (L-LTF) and a Legacy-Signal (L-SIG). The first signal field may be a Universal-Signal (U-SIG), the second signal field may be an Extremely High Throughput-Signal (EHT-SIG). The PPDU may further include an EHT-STF, an EHT-LTF and a data field. 
     The first phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value defined for obtaining an optimal Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the legacy preamble. That is, by applying the first phase rotation value to the legacy preamble in units of 10 MHz instead of in units of 20 MHz, PAPR in the L-SIG, the U-SIG, and the EHT-SIG may be improved (reduced). 
     The first signal field may include information on the first preamble puncturing pattern. 
     When the first band is a 160 MHz band, the first phase rotation value may be [1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1]. The first phase rotation value may be generated based on a second phase rotation value and a third phase rotation value. The second phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value in which the phase rotation value for the 80 MHz band defined in the 802.11ax wireless LAN system is repeated. For example, the second phase rotation value may be [1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1]. (repeat [1 −1 −1 −1] 4 times). 
     The third phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value defined in units of 80 MHz bands to obtain an optimal PAPR of the legacy preamble. The optimal PAPR of the legacy preamble may be obtained based on a combination of a radio frequency (RF) used when transmitting the PPDU. The combination of the RF may include a combination of two RFs with 80 MHz capability or one RF with 160 MHz capability. For example, the third phase rotation value may be [1 −1]. That is, the first phase rotation value may be obtained based on a product of the second phase rotation value and the third phase rotation value. 
     when the first band is a 320 MHz band, the first phase rotation value may be [1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 1 1]. 
     The first phase rotation value may be generated based on a second phase rotation value and a third phase rotation value. The second phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value in which the phase rotation value for the 80 MHz band defined in the 802.11ax wireless LAN system is repeated. For example, the second phase rotation value is the second phase rotation value is [1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1−1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1] (repeat [1 −1 −1 −1] 8 times). 
     The third phase rotation value may be a phase rotation value defined in units of 80 MHz bands to obtain an optimal PAPR of the legacy preamble. The optimal PAPR of the legacy preamble may be obtained based on a combination of a radio frequency (RF) used when transmitting the PPDU. The combination of the RF may include a combination of two RFs with 160 MHz capability or one RF with 320 MHz capability. For example, the third phase rotation value may be [1 −1 −1 −1]. The first phase rotation value may be obtained based on a product of the second phase rotation value and the third phase rotation value. 
     The first signal field may include information on the first preamble puncturing pattern (or Punctured Channel Information). In addition, the first signal field may further include information on bandwidth and information on PPDU type and compression mode. The second signal field may include resource unit (RU) information. The transmitting STA may inform information on the tone plan at 160/240/320 MHz through the first and second signal fields. In addition, the EHT-STF, the EHT-LTF, and the data field may be transmitted/received in a band (or RU) included in a tone plan of the broadband. 
     3. Device Configuration 
     The technical features of the present disclosure may be applied to various devices and methods. For example, the technical features of the present disclosure may be performed/supported through the device(s) of  FIG.  1    and/or  FIG.  10   . For example, the technical features of the present disclosure may be applied to only part of  FIG.  1    and/or  FIG.  10   . For example, the technical features of the present disclosure may be implemented based on the processing chip(s)  114  and  124  of  FIG.  1   , or implemented based on the processor(s)  111  and  121  and the memory(s)  112  and  122 , or implemented based on the processor  610  and the memory  620  of  FIG.  10   . For example, the device according to the present disclosure receives a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a transmitting station (STA) through a first band, and decodes the PPDU. 
     The technical features of the present disclosure may be implemented based on a computer readable medium (CRM). For example, a CRM according to the present disclosure is at least one computer readable medium including instructions designed to be executed by at least one processor. 
     The CRM may store instructions that perform operations including receiving a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a transmitting STA through a first band and decoding the PPDU. At least one processor may execute the instructions stored in the CRM according to the present disclosure. At least one processor related to the CRM of the present disclosure may be the processor  111 ,  121  of  FIG.  1   , the processing chip  114 ,  124  of  FIG.  1   , or the processor  610  of  FIG.  10   . Meanwhile, the CRM of the present disclosure may be the memory  112 ,  122  of  FIG.  1   , the memory  620  of  FIG.  10   , or a separate external memory/storage medium/disk. 
     The foregoing technical features of the present specification are applicable to various applications or business models. For example, the foregoing technical features may be applied for wireless communication of a device supporting artificial intelligence (AI). 
     Artificial intelligence refers to a field of study on artificial intelligence or methodologies for creating artificial intelligence, and machine learning refers to a field of study on methodologies for defining and solving various issues in the area of artificial intelligence. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm for improving the performance of an operation through steady experiences of the operation. 
     An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning and may refer to an overall problem-solving model that includes artificial neurons (nodes) forming a network by combining synapses. The artificial neural network may be defined by a pattern of connection between neurons of different layers, a learning process of updating a model parameter, and an activation function generating an output value. 
     The artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include synapses that connect neurons. In the artificial neural network, each neuron may output a function value of an activation function of input signals input through a synapse, weights, and deviations. 
     A model parameter refers to a parameter determined through learning and includes a weight of synapse connection and a deviation of a neuron. A hyper-parameter refers to a parameter to be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm and includes a learning rate, the number of iterations, a mini-batch size, and an initialization function. 
     Learning an artificial neural network may be intended to determine a model parameter for minimizing a loss function. The loss function may be used as an index for determining an optimal model parameter in a process of learning the artificial neural network. 
     Machine learning may be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. 
     Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network with a label given for training data, wherein the label may indicate a correct answer (or result value) that the artificial neural network needs to infer when the training data is input to the artificial neural network. Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of training an artificial neural network without a label given for training data. Reinforcement learning may refer to a training method for training an agent defined in an environment to choose an action or a sequence of actions to maximize a cumulative reward in each state. 
     Machine learning implemented with a deep neural network (DNN) including a plurality of hidden layers among artificial neural networks is referred to as deep learning, and deep learning is part of machine learning. Hereinafter, machine learning is construed as including deep learning. 
     The foregoing technical features may be applied to wireless communication of a robot. 
     Robots may refer to machinery that automatically process or operate a given task with own ability thereof. In particular, a robot having a function of recognizing an environment and autonomously making a judgment to perform an operation may be referred to as an intelligent robot. 
     Robots may be classified into industrial, medical, household, military robots and the like according uses or fields. A robot may include an actuator or a driver including a motor to perform various physical operations, such as moving a robot joint. In addition, a movable robot may include a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like in a driver to run on the ground or fly in the air through the driver. 
     The foregoing technical features may be applied to a device supporting extended reality. 
     Extended reality collectively refers to virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology is a computer graphic technology of providing a real-world object and background only in a CG image, AR technology is a computer graphic technology of providing a virtual CG image on a real object image, and MR technology is a computer graphic technology of providing virtual objects mixed and combined with the real world. 
     MR technology is similar to AR technology in that a real object and a virtual object are displayed together. However, a virtual object is used as a supplement to a real object in AR technology, whereas a virtual object and a real object are used as equal statuses in MR technology. 
     XR technology may be applied to a head-mount display (HMD), a head-up display (HUD), a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a TV, digital signage, and the like. A device to which XR technology is applied may be referred to as an XR device. 
     The claims recited in the present specification may be combined in a variety of ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented by a method. In addition, the technical characteristics of the method claim of the present specification and the technical characteristics of the device claim may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical characteristics of the method claim of the present specification and the technical characteristics of the device claim may be combined to be implemented by a method.