Patent Publication Number: US-2022228676-A1

Title: Compact conduit for clean room applications, and casing and clamping fixtures for said conduit

Description:
FIELD 
     The invention generally concerns the field of line guide devices for lines like for example cables for signal or power supply or pneumatic or hydraulic hoses or the like, which are to be dynamically guided between two relatively moveable connecting locations of a machine or installation. In particular a dynamic line guide device is proposed, which is suitable for use in clean rooms, for example in semiconductor or flat-screen display manufacture, in pharmaceutical installations, in medical equipment and so forth. In such applications the release of particles by the line guide devices is particularly undesirable and has to be minimised to the greatest possible extent. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Energy guide chains are typical line guide devices but in the conventional link chain structure with rotary joints they are less suitable for clean room applications as such link chains themselves release particles in operation thereof due to abrasive wear. An energy guide chain which was further developed in that respect and which is suitable for a clean room situation was proposed in WO 02/086349 A1. That energy guide chain gives off markedly less abrasion by virtue of flexible joint connections. 
     A known problem however is that the lines guided in an energy guide chain which possibly suffers from low abrasive wear themselves release particles in operation thereof as they move, bend and rub against each other upon being displaced. Thus for example the sheaths of the cables themselves also give off particles to the surroundings upon displacement. 
     For that reason it is known for the lines to be dust-tightly encased. A number of line guide devices which were further developed for that purpose for clean room applications were proposed by the applicant in WO 2016/042134 A1. One of those solutions (see  FIGS. 10 to 16  therein) has in the meantime become available under the trade name “e-skin” from the applicant (igus GmbH, D-51147 Cologne). 
     The present invention now specifically concerns a line guide device or line protection guide suitable for a clean room application, having an elongate flexible encasement which is reversibly or reciprocatingly displaceable, typically with the formation of a direction-changing arc between two runs between a first connecting location and a connecting location which is moveable relative thereto. In that case the proposed encasement has a number of receiving means of pronounced tubular configuration for guiding at least one line, wherein each receiving means extends channel-like in a longitudinal direction from a first end to a second end, with which the protective guide is mounted at the connecting locations. 
     Line protective guides of the general kind set forth of that type are available for example under the trade name “GORE® Trackless High Flex” from W. L. Gore &amp; Associates, Inc or under the trade name “ChannelFLEX™” or “EcoFlex™” from Hitachi Cable America Inc. A variant of the last-mentioned line protective guide which is viewed here as the general state of the art involved is described for example in DE 10 2012 100 290 B4 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,662,456 B2. 
     Such line protective guides are technically of a simple structure and are of a light and compact construction. They have a considerable disadvantage in use for example in relation to WO 2016/042134 A1. A maintenance operation, in particular replacement of an individual line or an individual line strand within a line guide arrangement including a plurality of lines or a plurality of line strands is possible only with considerable effort. In particular replacement of individual lines or individual line strands by lines which were already suitably prefabricated with the desired plugs or couplings is in particular not possible on site. That would considerably simplify maintenance and reduce costs. In contrast thereto line guides of the general kind set forth are typically completely renewed as an assembly so that in that case intact lines also have to be replaced. In addition a subsequent modification to an installed line guide, for example for adding further lines, is not readily possible. 
     SUMMARY 
     With that background in mind a first object in accordance with a first main claim of the present invention is to propose a line protective guide which is of a relatively compact structure and/or which is low in weight and which at least partially overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages. 
     The invention seeks in particular to simplify the replacement of individual lines or individual line strands and/or support chains which may optionally be employed. 
     In a further aspect independent of the main claim there is proposed an improvement in the end connections, in particular the clamping devices which are typically used, for line guide devices of the general kind involved, that is to say suitable for a clean room application, in particular reduces unwanted particle discharge in operation. 
     In a line protective guide of the general kind set forth it is proposed according to the invention that the encasement, in particular laterally at at least one receiving means, has at least one or more functional regions which extend in the longitudinal direction and which afford an additional function insofar as the receiving means can be opened and closed again if required. In that way individual lines and/or support chains can be replaced as required. 
     In practice in particular separate replacement of support chains which are possibly in use has proven to be advantageous as they usually fail or have to be replaced before the supply lines. Thus a hitherto usual complete replacement of the entire line protective guide can be avoided. 
     The term line strand is used in that respect to denote a bundle of lines, in particular lines which are interrelated. In particular partial replacement of individual line strands is envisaged here, which are received by one or more encasing units with one or more receiving means. 
     For that purpose in accordance with the invention in a first aspect it can be provided that the functional region provides a closure for opening and closing one or more receiving means so that one or more lines can be inserted or removed transversely to the longitudinal direction or laterally/radially, in particular without dismantling of the complete encasement. For that purpose the functional region can have in particular two cooperating closure profiles which are designed for closure in as dust-sealing relationship as possible and which permit an opened state of the receiving means, in which a line can be inserted or removed transversely to the longitudinal direction. 
     In addition according to a second aspect it can be provided that the or a functional region includes or forms a fixing strip for releasing or fitting at least a part of the encasement or a receiving means, as required. The fixing strip can basically be designed in accordance with any connecting principle, involving positively locking and/or force-locking engagement, for non-destructive releasable connection to a corresponding strip or cooperating functional region. The fixing strip can be designed in particular in the form of a fixing bar or fixing profile. In that respect the design configuration of the fixing strips is so selected that they are adapted to be connected to each other in a connecting direction transversely to the longitudinal direction, in particular perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction. In that respect the expression transversely to the longitudinal direction signifies in particular a connecting or joining direction in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the individual channel-like receiving means so that an encasement serving as a replacement with fresh contents, for example fresh lines or in particular one or more fresh support chains can be easily fitted laterally to the rest of the arrangement which is already fitted in place without the remaining encasements having to be released or indeed dismantled from each other. In general for that purpose only the end connection, for example clamping devices there, are to be opened for the replacement operation. 
     Both concepts for functional enlargement equally allow subsequent replacement or retrofitment with a line which is already equipped with plug connectors, couplings or the like without the encasement overall having to be dismantled to prevent the escape of particles at the operating location, for example in the clean room. In the first aspect the line can be replaced without modifying the encasement. In the second aspect only a part of the encasement together with the lines in question or in particular one or more support chains to be replaced is changed. In that respect consideration is to be given both to replacement of an individual receiving means with one or more lines or support chains or replacement of an encasing unit with a line strand. An encasing unit respectively has at least one receiving means for one or more lines or a line strand or also for a support chain of per se known structure. The receiving means can be in particular of a tubular configuration. 
     Particularly in the case of applications involving longer travel distances or encasements it is advantageous if provided in a receiving means of at least one encasing unit is a support chain for supporting the encasement upon displacement. In that respect it is possible to use per se known support chains involving the structural configuration of link chains. 
     In an embodiment the encasement includes at least one encasing unit of soft-elastic or flexurally elastic plastic which is preferably in one piece. The encasing unit could also be of a multi-part composition, for example comprising two symmetrical half cases or tube portions which are similarly divided in the longitudinal section. A one-piece encasing unit is preferred here and can improve for example sealing integrity to prevent particle escape. 
     Wall thickness and material of the encasement are so selected that it is flexible enough for displacement. A plastic, in particular a thermoplastic, with a Shore hardness in the range of 20 Shore A (ShA 20) to 65 Shore D (ShD 65), in particular in the range of 50 Shore A (ShA 50) to 100 Shore A (ShA 100) is preferably considered as the soft-elastic or flexurally elastic plastic. 
     In a preferred configuration the at least one functional region is respectively connected in one piece to the encasing unit (so-to-speak releasable only by destruction thereof). For that purpose it can be produced directly in one piece with the encasing unit or also it can be produced separately and subsequently joined thereto in material-bonded relationship by a joining process, for example by a suitable thermal joining process, in particular welding. The context of the invention includes in particular separate manufacture of a “simplified profile” without functional region on the one hand and the functional region or fixing strip on the other hand, for example in each case by extrusion of various, particularly suitable plastics, in particular thermoplastics. The functional region, in particular the closure profile, can then be joined in material-bonded relationship in the longitudinal direction to the rest of the encasing unit to constitute one part, for example by a welding process for welding plastics. 
     In an embodiment the encasement is composed of a multiplicity of separate encasing units. In that case each encasing unit can respectively form precisely one receiving means and can respectively have a lateral fixing strip in one piece with the encasing unit, for example a bar or a profile. 
     In addition an encasing unit can also include a multiplicity of receiving means and can respectively have a lateral fixing strip in one piece with the encasing unit. In that way individual encasing units can be connected together in parallel to form an encasement. In a development in that respect each encasing unit can have two fixing strips which are in opposite relationship at both sides and which are in one piece with the encasing units and by means of which adjacent encasing units can be connected to each other in parallel relationship. The fixing strips can be designed for direct cooperation in mutually matching relationship, for example of a conjugate configuration or engaging into each other in positively locking relationship. They can also cooperate with a separate fixing bar which is used for fixing the encasing units together. 
     In a preferred configuration an encasement is formed by a multiplicity of encasing units which respectively have the same number or a differing number of receiving means. Optionally an individual encasing unit can in particular have so many receiving means that a line strand can be received by precisely one encasing unit. This advantageously makes it possible for individual line strands within an encasement to be replaced by replacement of the respectively associated encasing unit. In that respect the term line strand is used to denote in particular bundles or groups of functionally interrelated lines, for example grouped in accordance with susceptibility to wear or service life. 
     To reduce deformation in the direction-changing arc each receiving means has an elongatedly round or oval, in particular ogival, cross-section, with the fixing strips being arranged at the narrow sides. 
     Each encasing unit can also have laterally, in particular in opposite relationship to the fixing strip, two closure profiles which are in one piece with the encasing unit. 
     In an embodiment it can be provided that the closure profiles of an encasing unit are closable in positively locking and/or force-locking relationship by connection to the fixing strip of an adjacent encasing unit. In that way for example in the event of oversize of the closure profiles which engage into the oppositely disposed fixing strip it is possible to achieve a particularly robust closure without additional fitment steps. Alternatively adjacent encasing units can be respectively connected together in parallel by a separate flexible fixing bar which cooperates with the fixing strips. In that way release of the closure is separate from the fixing by the fixing strips, that is to say separation of an encasing unit cannot result in unwanted opening of the adjoining encasing unit so that no abrasive wear particles are unintentionally discharged. 
     A further embodiment provides that the encasing unit includes subdivisions which form a plurality of parallel receiving means and the encasing unit has a closure, in particular two closure profiles in one piece with the encasing unit. In that way inter alia the assembly effort in relation to applications with a large number of lines to be guided can be reduced as an individual encasing unit to be fitted is not provided for each line. 
     In an embodiment each receiving means preferably has an associated dedicated closure so that all lines remain separately accessible. For that purpose each receiving means can have a pair of cooperating closure profiles in one piece with the encasing unit. in that way each receiving means can be selectively and individually opened for lateral access and closed again 
     When long guide lengths or particularly soft-elastic encasements or encasing units are involved it is possible to provide in at least one and preferably in two laterally outer receiving means a support chain, in particular comprising individual chain links, which is designed to predetermine a direction-changing radius for the direction-changing arc and/or to support a self-supporting run in the straight position. 
     In a preferred embodiment a fixing profile as the fixing strip is provided at each narrow side of the encasement, in the case of a subdivided encasing unit, in particular in each case in one piece therewith. Besides expandability in that way for example as a alternative to a support chain another kind of support device can be mounted externally to the fixing profiles of the encasement. This provides that no useable receiving passage is required for the support function. For that purpose a respective external support device can be connected to the fixing profile at each narrow side of the encasement, which support device is designed to involve a low level of abrasive wear in order to predetermine a radius of the direction-changing arc and/or to support a self-supporting run in the straight position. Preferably for that purpose each support device has a support band and abutment elements perpendicular thereto, in particular T-shaped abutment elements, the T-arms of which are in an abutment condition in the direction-changing arc radially inwardly or in the straight position. The carrier band is preferably at the height of the neutral fibre. 
     An embodiment provides that the encasement includes a multiplicity of separate and peripherally closed encasing units. In that arrangement each encasing unit can respectively form precisely one receiving means. Each encasing unit can have two fixing strips which are in opposite relationship at both sides and which are in one piece with the encasing units as functional regions for fixing purposes. In that case the fixing strips can be adapted for positively locking cooperation directly with each other, for example in the manner of a zip fastener or a sliding closure or the like, or can cooperate with a separate fixing bar in positively locking and/or force-locking relationship. 
     In accordance with each of the two aspects, also with a combination of the closure and fixing functions, encasing units can be of a cross-section which remains the same in the longitudinal direction. That allows profile-like manufacture in an extrusion process, preferably using soft-elastic or flexurally elastic plastic. The functional region can possibly be separately extruded in that case. 
     Accordingly in particular also the first and the second fixing strip can be of a cross-section which remains the same in the longitudinal direction, for example with interengaging hook and claw profile or similar suitable configuration, preferably with a barb function. 
     A functional region serving as a closure can also be manufactured for example by extrusion, if the functional region has two conjugate interengaging closure profiles of plastic which remain the same throughout in the longitudinal direction and which cooperate as a press closure or toothless sliding closure or preferably similarly to a zip closure. In that case each closure profile can include two engagement profiles or profile elements and so-to-speak form a double closure. That is found to be particularly advantageous for a closure which is dust-tight in the peripheral direction and is robust in dynamic operation. 
     The arrangement may have two laterally mutually opposite functional regions, which each have a respective fixing profile, wherein the fixing profiles are preferably designed for a positively locking connection, for example a tongue-and-groove connection or the like, which is releasable only in the longitudinal direction. Unintentional release of encasing units can be avoided in operation in that way. In that case the laterally opposite functional regions at the same time, besides the fixing profile, also each have a closure profile, in particular arranged in the cross-sectional plane between receiving means and fixing profile. 
     Preferably adjacent receiving means are connected or coupled together in parallel by intermediate regions in band form, which predetermine the neutral fibre. Alternatively or in addition preferably in relation to each closure comprising cooperating closure profiles the interface is at the level of the neutral fibre of the encasement. The neutral fibre is to extend in particular centrally through the cross-section of the receiving means. In that respect a band-shaped intermediate region which is thinner in comparison with the structural height of the respective fixing strip can be provided between each fixing strip and an adjoining receiving means. In that way it is possible in particular to achieve good flexibility of the direction-changing arc about the desired axis with sufficient stiffness in the transverse direction. Preferably the encasement is designed to be displaceable substantially linearly (not multi-axially). 
     Clamping devices can be provided on the encasement at the end, which close the encasement and optionally the lines in the axial direction to prevent the discharge of dust particles. In the typical situation of use at least two lines and in most cases a multiplicity of lines are guided separately from each other in a respective receiving means and are enclosed to be as dust-tight as possible by the encasement. No particles are to issue even at the ends. 
     The invention also concerns an encasing unit as an individual part for the production of an encasement according to one of the preceding embodiments. That encasing unit is produced for example from plastic, in particular soft-elastic or flexurally elastic plastic, and has at least one tubular receiving means for guiding at least one line, which extends channel-like in a longitudinal direction from a first end to a second end. In that case the encasing unit can be considered as a sheath for encasement dust-tightly in the peripheral direction of the line or lines and typically loosely surrounds the lines (in contrast to an actual insulating cable sheath). 
     According to a particularly advantageous combination of both aspects referred to hereinbefore it is provided that the encasing unit at a longitudinal side includes two co-operating closure profiles which extend in the longitudinal direction for closing an opened state which is in as dust-sealed relationship as possible, in which a line can be introduced into or removed from the receiving means transversely relative to the longitudinal direction and at the other longitudinal side it has a fixing strip which extends in the longitudinal direction for releasable connection to a further encasing unit, in particular by positively locking and/or force-locking engagement, with a corresponding functional region of a further encasing unit. In that respect the encasing unit may form a plurality of pronounced receiving means which in particular are parallel and tubular for separate guidance of at least one respective line or can form respectively precisely one receiving means. 
     In an embodiment the encasing unit has a first fixing profile at one longitudinal side and a second fixing profile at the other longitudinal side, and the fixing profiles are designed for releasable connection by positively locking connection and/or force-locking connection in mutually matching relationship. That allows a plurality of encasing units with mutually matching fixing profiles or fixing profiles which are of the same structural configuration in pairs to be releasably fixed together. In that case the fixing profiles can in particular be of such a design configuration that they can be connected together in a connecting direction transversely relative to the longitudinal direction. 
     In particular in the last-mentioned embodiment the closure profiles and fixing profiles have profile elements of identical cross-section, which are compatible or which co-operate for connection with each other. 
     In regard to fixing profiles of the same structure consideration is to be given in particular to a bar or a profile, wherein the encasing unit can have a bar at a first longitudinal side and a profile at a second longitudinal side and wherein the bar of a first encasing unit can be connected to the profile of a second encasing unit in positively locking relationship and/or by force-locking relationship. In that case the first encasing unit can be in particular of the same structure as the second encasing unit or for example can have a different number of receiving means. 
     In an embodiment the encasing unit has a first fixing profile at one longitudinal side and a second fixing profile at the other longitudinal side, which are of a complementary or conjugate configuration or which match each other but are different from each other, wherein the fixing profiles are adapted for a releasable connection by positively locking engagement and/or force-locking engagement in mutually matching relationship in order to fix a plurality of structurally identical encasing units releasably to each other. 
     The proposed encasing unit itself can advantageously have one or more of the features constituting a development thereof. In addition the encasing unit can form a plurality of or precisely one tubular receiving means for separate guidance of at least one respective line or line strand. This embodiment is advantageous if the encasing unit is produced closed in the peripheral direction around the receiving means so that discharge of particles at the location of operation is reliably prevented. 
     In addition independently of the foregoing an improvement to typical clamping devices for the end connection of a line protective guide for clean rooms is proposed. 
     A known clamping device includes a first clamping portion and a second clamping portion, wherein at least one clamping portion has an inside recess for receiving an end region of a line protective guide and two respective opposite ends transversely to a through-pass direction corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the line protective guide. The recess opens at at least one first end or both ends outwardly. Typically provided in the recess or at the inside is a pressure portion which serves when the clamping device is closed to hold an end region of the line protective guide in force-locking relationship, for example between two oppositely disposed pressure portions. 
     According to the invention it is now proposed that the pressure portion is of a deformable configuration and projects or protrudes in the through-pass direction beyond the first end of the at least one clamping portion so that the pressure portion forms a corner protection at said end, which provides in particular between the line protective guide and the respective clamping portion for a more advantageous, for example softer transition. In that case the corresponding projection is provided at least at the end which in the travel direction (longitudinal direction of the line protective guide to be received) is towards the remote end region or the other clamping device, and in particular at the side of the line protective guide that corresponds to the interior of the direction-changing arc. 
     In tests it was established that that region gives off particles to a noticeable extent between the clamping device and the line protective guide, which is attributed to minor relative movements. With the proposed structure it is possible to achieve a noticeable reduction in unwanted particle escape through the line protective guide or the encasement thereof. 
     Preferably at least one pressure portion is provided in each clamping portion. Irrespective thereof each pressure portion can be produced from a plastic material which is compressible and/or softer in relation to the clamping portions, in particular being soft-elastic or rubber-elastic or hard-elastic. 
     Suitable pressure portions can be inexpensively produced in the form of extrusion members, in particular hollow-chamber extrusion members. 
     A further improvement in the transition is achieved if each pressure portion, at least in the non-loaded state, at the inside that faces away from the clamping portion and in the assembled state bears against the line protective guide (in cross-section parallel to the longitudinal or through-pass direction), forms at least one convexly curved or outwardly bulged surface. 
     Preferably the pressure portions are arranged with their longitudinal extent perpendicularly to the through-pass direction over the entire width of the recess, in particular in one piece throughout. 
     Each pressure portion can have two rounded narrow sides and can preferably be in the form of a symmetrical profile member. 
     For easy fitment each pressure portion can have a projecting fixing rib for fixing in a transverse groove in the clamping portions. 
     In a preferred embodiment received in each receiving means of the at least one clamping portion are two structurally identical pressure portions disposed in mutually juxtaposed relationship, which are arranged parallel and perpendicular to the through-pass direction, preferably at a spacing relative to each other. In that case it can preferably be provided that one pressure portion projects at the one end and the other pressure portion projects at the other end of the associated clamping portion so that an edge-blunting configuration is achieved to the benefit of lines which are passed out of same. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Further details and features of the invention will be apparent without limitation on the generality of the foregoing from the description hereinafter of preferred embodiments by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIGS. 1A-1C  show a first embodiment by way of example of a displaceable line protective guide having a flexible encasement, as a partial view of an end region, partly broken-away ( FIG. 1A ), as a cross-section through individual encasing units ( FIG. 1B ) and as a front view of an end having an end clamping device ( FIG. 1C ), 
         FIG. 2  shows a further embodiment with individual encasing units which are modified in relation to  FIGS. 1A-1C  as a cross-sectional view (exploded), 
         FIGS. 3A-3B  show a development with encasing units as shown in  FIG. 2  and additional support devices exploded as a cross-sectional view ( FIG. 3B ) and a perspective partial view of an end region ( FIG. 3A ), 
         FIGS. 4A-4D  show a further embodiment with a one-piece encasing unit subdivided to form a plurality of line receiving means, in the opened state in cross-section ( FIG. 4A ) and as a perspective view ( FIG. 4B ) and closed as a cross-section ( FIG. 4C ) and as a perspective view with an end clamping device ( FIG. 4D ), 
         FIG. 5  shows an example of use with an embodiment as shown in  FIGS. 4A-4D  with two subdivided encasing units which are coupled together in parallel and outward support chains as a cross-section, 
         FIG. 6  shows a cross-section of a further embodiment with a closure which is modified in relation to  FIGS. 4-5 , 
         FIGS. 7A-7B  show a further embodiment with individual peripherally closed encasing units which are releasably connected together by lateral fixing profiles, 
         FIG. 8  shows a typical arrangement of a line protective guide or line protective device as a diagrammatic side view, 
         FIGS. 9A-9D  show an example which is not claimed according to the invention with encasing units connected together releasably by lateral fixing profiles, 
         FIGS. 10A-10D  show a further embodiment of the invention with an encasing unit having a plurality of receiving means which can be individually filled and preferred cross-sections of associated functional regions, 
         FIGS. 11-12  show further embodiments as variants in relation to  FIGS. 10A-10D , 
         FIGS. 13A-13E  show a preferred embodiment of an end fixing device with clamping portions for a line protective guide with flexible encasement according to a further independent part of the present disclosure, 
         FIGS. 14-16  show further embodiments of encasing units, 
         FIG. 17  shows a modification of a functional region as a closure or fixing, and 
         FIGS. 18A-18C  show various arrangements with support chains. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIGS. 1A-1C  diagrammatically show a first embodiment by way of example of a reciprocatingly displaceable line protective guide for lines (not shown). It has an elongate flexible encasement  100  which is composed of a multiplicity of individual encasing units  101  produced from plastic. Each encasing unit  101  is made from a flexible soft-elastic plastic, in particular a thermoplastic, for example PE, PU, TPU, PTFE, expanded PTFE, PP or the like. Each encasing unit  101  over its length is of a cross-section which remains the same throughout ( FIG. 1B ) perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction L. The encasing unit  101  can be produced for example inexpensively as an extrusion in a suitable plastic extrusion process and can be cut to an appropriate length, for example from about 100 mm to about 1500 mm. The structurally identical encasing units  101  form in the interior thereof a substantially cylindrical receiving means  102  for protective guidance of a line and for that purpose are of a tubular configuration with wall regions  103  which are of thin gauge in relation to the cross-section of the receiving means  102 . The receiving means  102  of the flexible encasement  100  are spatially separated from each other so that no abrasion can occur between lines guided in parallel therein. 
     Each encasing unit  101  at a longitudinal side has a first functional region  110  which in  FIGS. 1A-1C  comprises two closure profiles  111 ,  112  which are conjugate in mirror-image symmetry and which are in opposite separate relationship and which in a condition of jointly bearing against each other form a cross-section approximately of a T-shape. Each closure profile  111 ,  112  is continuous in the longitudinal direction L and here is approximately L-shaped for example in cross-section. As shown here the closure profiles  111 ,  112  can form L-limbs facing away from each other or L-limbs which are preferably disposed in each other or in juxtaposed relationship in parallel to reduce the height of the closure. Between the closure profiles  111 ,  112 , in particular centrally therebetween, the encasing unit  101  has an interface or an opening  113  which extends in the longitudinal direction L and radially. The opening  113  in gap form of a loose or separate encasing unit  101  ( FIG. 1B ) can be widened by bending open the encasing unit  101  in order to introduce a line prefabricated with plugs laterally or transversely relative to the longitudinal direction L into the receiving means  102  or to remove it therefrom. 
     The encasing unit  101 , in diametrally opposite relationship to the first functional region  110 , has a second functional region  120  comprising a fixing profile  122 . The fixing profile  122  is continuous in the longitudinal direction L and for example is of a substantially C-shaped cross-section with an internal contour  123  which is sized in matching relationship with the external contour of the closed closure profiles  111 ,  112  of the first functional regions  110 , in particular with a slight undersize for a positively locking and force-locking connection. By axially pushing the fixing profile  122  on to the closure profiles  111 ,  112  of an adjacent encasing unit  103  the opening  113  thereof can be closed so as to be at least substantially sealed in relation to particles and can be easily opened again to replace a line. The functional regions  110 ,  120 , here together with the opening  113 , by virtue of their longitudinal sectional plane of symmetry, define the neutral fibre of the flexible encasement  100 , that is to say the longitudinal central plane, the length of which does not change upon bending or in the direction-changing arc  4  ( FIG. 8 ), that is to say it has no tensile/thrust stress. In addition the additional wall thickness at the functional regions  110 ,  120  creates a comparatively stable encasement  100  which is displaced in a more controlled fashion without perceptibly adversely affecting the reversible flexibility thereof. 
       FIGS. 1A and 1C  further show one of two end clamping devices  130  with two clamping parts  131 ,  132 , between which all encasing units  101  of the encasement  100  together with lines (not shown) guided therein are dust-tightly closed off at the end and in the axial direction, for example by clamping screws. The clamping devices  130  can at the same time also provide for tensile stress relief of the lines (not shown) and can be of a per se known structural configuration, for example similarly to the teaching of DE 10 2012 100 290 B4 which is here incorporated in that respect. 
       FIG. 1A  shows one of two support chains  135  which is accommodated in the receiving means  102  of the two laterally outer encasing units  101  and comprises individual chain links. Optional support chains  135  on the one hand can predetermine the minimum permissible radius at the direction-changing arc  4  ( FIG. 8 ) to protect the chain from kinking and on the other hand by virtue of abutments for the chain links in the straight position can increase the self-supporting length of the encasement  100  in the moveable run, for example in the upper run  1  ( FIG. 8 ). 
     As indicated in  FIG. 1B  the opposite closure profiles  111 ,  112  are connected in one piece to the wall regions  103  of the encasing unit  101 , that are in the nature of a segment of a tube. The fixing profile  122  is also connected in one piece with the upper wall region  103  and the lower wall region  103 . In particular the closure profiles  111 ,  112 , as an alternative to an inexpensive production in one piece involving unitary material, can be produced separately from a suitable plastic and connected in material-bonded relationship to wall regions  103  or the encasing units  101  to form a composite material, preferably by plastic welding. The cross-section of the encasing units  101  or wall regions  103 , besides the illustrated approximately circular shape, can also be of an elongatedly round or oval shape. The illustrated cross-sectional shapes of the closure profiles  111 ,  112  and the fixing profile  122  are shown here purely by way of example and can be of a different design, for example predominantly round. The number of parallel-coupled encasing units  101  as shown in  FIGS. 1A-1C  can be selected as desired to match the number of desired lines or can be subsequently enlarged by virtue of the functional regions  110 ,  120 . The closure profiles  111 ,  112  can additionally be designed at the inside for opening purposes (not shown here) in the form of a pressure closure, for example in accordance with the Ziploc® principle or the like in order to avoid unwanted widening of the opening  113  after separation of the adjacent encasing unit  101  (see also  FIGS. 4A-4D ). 
       FIGS. 1A-1C  further show a closure bar  105  with an internal contour corresponding to the fixing profile  122 . The closure bar  105  serves (in relation to the discharge of abrasion particles) for sealingly closing the opening  113  or closure profiles  111 ,  112  disposed at an outside with a laterally outer encasing unit  101 , similarly to the fixing profile  122 . 
       FIG. 1C  illustrates the completely closed operating state of the encasement  100 , in which all fixing profiles  122  are connected in positively locking relationship and/or by force-locking engagement, for example a clamping action, to the opposite closed closure profiles  111 ,  112  and close the interposed opening  113  dust-tightly and continuously in the longitudinal direction L. 
     Features involving a structure or function identical to or corresponding to  FIG. 1  are denoted by corresponding references in  FIGS. 2 to 7  and are possibly not described again. 
       FIG. 2  shows a preferred alternative encasing unit  201  having two functional regions  210 ,  220  for the construction of an encasement ( FIGS. 1A-1C ). The encasing unit  201  differs from  FIGS. 1A-1C  in particular by a different cross-sectional shape of the fixing profile  222  in the second functional region  220 . The fixing profile  222  in  FIG. 2  is of a positive shape or is a male positively locking portion with a cross-section for example of T-shape except for the interface or opening  213  and corresponding to the cross-section of the first functional region  210 . Thus the encasing unit  210 , in relation to both longitudinal central planes, vertically and horizontally in  FIG. 2 , is of a substantially symmetrical cross-section, except for the opening  213  at one side. Corresponding symmetry is also desirable for uniform torsion-free flexing in the direction-changing arc  4  ( FIG. 8 ). Alternatively the second functional region  210  could be identical to the first functional region  210 , that is to say fully symmetrically with an opening  213  at both sides. In that case the encasing unit  201  would be composed of two structurally identical half-shell portions (not shown) which can be produced for example by injection moulding processes. 
     In addition the encasing unit  201  permits separation without opening the adjacent encasing unit  201 . That is achieved by fixing of adjacent encasing units  201  ( FIG. 1C ) in each case by means of a separate fixing bar  204 . The fixing bar  204  is of a symmetrical cross-section which is uniform throughout, for example of a H-shape or a double C-shape. At both sides the fixing bar  204  has an internal contour  223  matching both functional regions  210 ,  220 , here in the form of a negative shape or a female positively locking portion. The fixing bar  204  can releasably connect two encasing units  201  by positively locking engagement and/or force-locking engagement, as  FIG. 2  shows. At the same time the fixing bar  204  together with the functional region  210  serves as a closure for dust-tightly closing the opening  213  between the closure profiles  211 ,  212 . Other cross-sections, in particular of the functional regions  210 ,  220  and the fixing bar  204 , can also suitably embody the principle shown in  FIG. 2 . 
       FIGS. 3A-3B  show a further advantage of the symmetrical structure of the encasing unit  201  in  FIG. 2 . It is possible to mount laterally to the outer encasing units  201 , that is to say the narrow sides of the encasement  200 , a respective structurally identical support device  240  for supporting and definedly guiding the encasing units at the functional regions  210 ,  220 , as shown in  FIG. 3B . For that purpose the support device  240  has a carrier band  244  of a cross-section corresponding to the fixing bar  204 , that is to say matching the cross-section of the functional regions  210 ,  220 , for example grooves on both sides with an internal contour  223 . 
     The support device  240  is designed to predetermine the radius of the direction-changing arc  4  (see  FIG. 8 ) and to support the self-supporting run  1  in the straight position, or to increase the possible length of the run  1 . For that purpose the support device  240 , transversely to the longitudinal direction L, has on both sides T-shaped abutment elements  245  which are formed with the carrier band  244  and which are perpendicular thereto, with T-arms  246 ,  247  disposed in the longitudinal direction L of the encasement  200 . The upper/lower or inner/outer T-arms  246 ,  247  are of different lengths so that the T-arms  247  in the direction-changing arc  4  abut radially inwardly at the desired radius and the T-arms  246  are in abutment in the straight position. The carrier band  244 , like the fixing bar  204 , is preferably disposed at the level of the neutral fibre of the flexible encasement  200 . The fixing bar  204  and the support device  240  are made from flexible, flexurally elastic plastic or plastics. They do not rub against the lines and if required can therefore be of greater flexural strength than the encasing units  201 , for example to maintain a radius in the direction-changing arc  4  or to increase the self-supporting run length. Further details relating to the configuration of the support device  240  can correspond to the teaching of WO 2008/125087 A1, except for the configuration of the carrier band  244 . 
     In  FIGS. 1 and 2  each encasing unit  101 ,  201  respectively forms precisely one receiving meas  102 ,  202  for one or possibly a plurality of lines.  FIGS. 4 to 6  show embodiments in which the encasement  101  respectively has a one-piece encasing unit  401 ,  601  with subdivisions for forming a plurality of parallel receiving means  402 ,  602  in the same encasing unit  401 ,  601 . 
       FIGS. 4-5  show an alternative one-piece encasing unit  401  having for example three parallel receiving means  402  which can be respectively individually opened ( FIG. 4A ) and closed ( FIG. 4C ) to replace or introduce lines. The encasing unit  401  is designed in one piece in the form of a flexible plastic profile with a cross-section which remains the same throughout in the longitudinal direction L, as shown in  FIG. 4 . It can be manufactured for example from one piece by extrusion. Advantages in respect of manufacturing technology and in relation to material can be achieved if the functional regions, in particular closure profiles  411 ,  412  are produced separately and possibly from particularly suitable different plastic and are subsequently joined in one piece to the wall regions. It is also possible to envisage a multi-component manufacturing process. 
     At the narrow sides the encasing unit  401  has two functional regions  420 ,  421  which are in opposite relationship at both sides and with which adjacent encasing units  401  can be connected to each other in parallel, as shown in  FIG. 5 . The functional regions  420 ,  421  in  FIGS. 4-5  have fixing profiles  422 ,  425  which are in one piece with the encasing unit and which are adapted for positively locking and force-locking relationship with a cross-section interengaging in conjugate fashion, for example similarly to  FIG. 1 . The fixing profile  425  at the side to be opened is designed in two parts with an intermediate interface, for example similarly to the functional region  110  in  FIGS. 1A-1C , with an external contour matching the internal contour  423  of the fixing profile  422 . Alternatively fixing by means of separate fixing bars, similarly to  FIGS. 2-3 , is also possible. 
     As  FIG. 4A  shows in greater detail at one side of each of the plurality of receiving means  402  of the same encasing unit  401  a respective functional region  410  is connected in one piece to the encasing unit  403  with an oppositely disposed pair of cooperating closure profiles  411 ,  412 . The closure profiles  411 ,  412  also extend in the longitudinal direction L with a uniform cross-section and serve for sealingly closing (in relation to particle size) the respectively associated receiving means  402  ( FIG. 4C ). The closure profiles  411 ,  412  can be in the form of a closure bar including at least profile elements  414  which engage into each other in positively locking relationship, for example with a barb shape in cross-section, on the principle of a suitable pressure closure, or the like. Support regions  415  serve for positively locking latching of the profile elements  414  in the closed state ( FIG. 4C ). By means of associated closure profiles  411 ,  412  the receiving means  420  can be individually opened and sealingly closed as required. Opening can be effected by bending open the flexible wall region  403 .  FIGS. 4-5  show a functional region  410  which is in the form of a robust double closure respectively comprising two profile elements  414  at each closure profile  411 ,  412 , for example to exclude unwanted opening in operation. Unwanted opening however can already be avoided if the wide side to be opened of the encasement  400  is disposed radially inwardly in the direction-changing arc  4 . The interface of the opening  413  between the closure profiles  411 ,  412  is arranged at the level of the neutral fibre, see  FIG. 4C . 
       FIG. 5  shows an encasement  500  comprising two encasing units  401  which are fixed to each other releasably and parallel by means of their lateral functional regions  420 ,  421  or their fixing profiles  422 ,  425 . A respective support chain  135 , as described in relation to  FIG. 1A , can be arranged in the two laterally outer receiving means  402 , for example when a great length if involved. 
       FIG. 6  shows a variant in relation to  FIGS. 4-5  having an encasing unit  601  which has only one closure for all receiving means  602  jointly. For that purpose there is provided only one functional region  610  with cooperating closure profiles  611 ,  612  at a narrow side. The wall regions  603  are designed to be connected together plate-like at both wide sides of the encasing unit  601 . Otherwise the encasing unit  601  corresponds to the encasing unit  401 . 
       FIGS. 7A-7B  show a further preferred embodiment of an encasement  700  which is made up of a multiplicity of individual, structurally identical encasing units  701  which respectively form precisely one receiving means  702 . In contrast to  FIGS. 1-6  the encasing units  701  are closed in the longitudinal direction L and in the peripheral direction, that is to say with an encasing wall  703  which extends without interruption around the receiving means  702 . The wall  703  is for example in the form of a tube or a hose or the like of approximately oval or round cross-section. The encasing units  701  are at least predominantly made from flexible, permanently elastically bendable plastic. 
     The encasing units  701  cannot be non-destructively opened, that is to say lines have to be passed therethrough axially or in the longitudinal direction, unlike  FIGS. 1-6 . Unwanted discharge of particles during maintenance operations can be avoided in that way. A simplification in maintenance and expandability is achieved with the encasing units  101  without a closure function at the receiving means  702  solely by the concept of the fixing function or only functional regions  720 ,  721  cooperating for parallel fixing of individual encasing units  701 . 
     Each encasing unit  701  as shown in  FIGS. 7A-7B  has functional regions  720 ,  721  which are produced at both sides in diametrally opposite relationship with the closed encasing wall  703  or subsequently connected thereto and extended in the longitudinal direction L. The functional regions  720 ,  721  respectively have as the fixing strip a fixing profile or a fixing bar for releasable connection by positively locking engagement and/or force-locking engagement. The functional regions  720 ,  721  are adapted to cooperate, for release or fitment of an encasing unit  701  from or to an adjoining encasing unit  701  as required.  FIG. 7B  shows by way of example two connected encasing units  701 . It is possible for example to use fixing profiles as functional regions  720 ,  721 , which are of a uniform cross-section in the longitudinal direction to permit extrusion. The functional regions  720 ,  721  here too extend in strip form in a plane in opposite relationship at two sides along the wall  103 . The fixing strips of the functional regions  720 ,  721  can be in the manner of a toothed zip closure, a toothless sliding closure or the like. The functional regions  720 ,  721  cooperate for fixing purposes, possibly also with a separate fixing bar as in  FIG. 2 , which connects the fixing profiles or fixing bar.  FIG. 7B  diagrammatically shows a closure slider  750  for connecting/separating functional regions  720 ,  721  which, for fixing the encasing units  701 , purely by way of example, are for example in the form of positively locking toothless sliding closures. The functional regions  720 ,  721  can be produced separately, for example by extrusion or injection moulding, and can be integrally connected to the remaining profile of the encasing units  701 , for example they can be welded in place continuously in the longitudinal direction using a suitable procedure. Preferably for that purpose the encasing wall  703  and the functional regions  720 ,  721  are made from a thermoplastic material. 
     Adjacent guide channels or receiving means  102  . . .  902  are accordingly fixed to each other by band-like intermediate regions which have a functional region at least at some receiving means  102  . . .  902  that simplifies maintenance and/or facilitates a subsequent modification in the encasement. 
     The flexurally elastic encasing units  101  . . .  901  can be produced in a unitary material from only one plastic material, in particular in a multi-part configuration comprising separate regions which are then connected in material-bonded relationship, in particular being welded together. The encasing units  101  . . .  901  can possibly be produced in a multi-layer structure or with a coating, for example with an external special plastic for reducing friction at the wide sides. 
       FIG. 8  diagrammatically shows a configuration of a dynamic line guide with dust-tight encasement  100 , for example as shown in one of  FIGS. 1 to 7 , forming a moveable upper run  1  and a stationary lower run  3 . Between them the encasement  100  forms a direction-changing arc  4  with a predetermined bending radius about a notional axis A. The direction-changing arc  4  travels over a distance relative to a stationary connection  5  when the upper run  1  is displaced with the moveable connection  7 . Any position in space however can be involved here, and the encasement  100  can also move vertically or laterally. The two ends of the encasement  100  are dust-tightly closed, for example with clamping devices as shown in  FIG. 1A . The encasement  100  is overall of a hose-like configuration and is sufficiently flexible, inter alia by virtue of being of a suitable configuration and/or by a suitable choice of material, to allow reversible flexible curvature of the direction-changing arc  4  with a small amount of applied force, and to follow the travel movement of the moveable connection  7  with the lowest possible level of resistance. 
       FIGS. 9A-9D  diagrammatically shows an encasement  900  which is made up of a multiplicity of individual encasing units  901 . The encasing units  901  each form one or more receiving means  902 . In contrast to  FIGS. 1-6  the encasing units  901  are closed in the longitudinal direction L and in the peripheral direction, that is to say, being designed with an encasing wall  903  which extends without interruption around the one or more receiving means  902 . The wall  903  is for example in the form of a tube, a hose or the like, with an approximately lens-shaped or ogival (or vesica piscis/double-pointed oval) or also oval or round in cross-section. Preferably the lens-shaped cross-section shown in  FIGS. 9A-9D  is used to provide the receiving means  902 . That can be formed in particular from two identical segments of a circle which are assembled at their chords symmetrically relative to the neutral fibre. That cross-sectional shape reduces fold formation, that is to say abrasion in the direction-changing arc. The encasing units  901  are at least predominantly made from flexible, permanently elastic, bendable plastic, in particular being extruded, for example from expanded PTFE. 
     Encasing units  901  as shown in  FIGS. 9A-9D  cannot be non-destructively opened, that is to say lines have to be passed through same axially or in the longitudinal direction, unlike  FIGS. 1-6 . Unwanted discharge of particles during maintenance operations can thereby be reliably avoided. A simplification in maintenance and expandability is achieved with the encasing units  901  without a closure function at the receiving means  902 , solely by the concept of the fixing function or the functional regions  920 ,  921  which cooperate for parallel fixing of individual encasing units  901 . In that case each encasing unit  901  can for example have an interrelated line strand in order to renew a line strand prefabricated with plugs or the like independently of a differing line strand, by means of replacement of an encasing unit  901 . 
     Each encasing unit  901  as shown in  FIGS. 9A-9D  has functional regions  920 ,  921  which are disposed in diametrally opposite relationship on both sides and which are either produced in one piece with the closed wall  903  or are subsequently connected thereto and which extend continuously in the longitudinal direction L. The functional regions  920 ,  921  each have as a fixing strip a fixing profile and/or a fixing bar for a releasable connection by positively locking and/or force-locking engagement. The functional regions  920 ,  921  are adapted to cooperate for detaching or fitting an encasing unit  901  as required to or from an adjoining encasing unit  901 . A suitable structure is described hereinafter with reference to  FIGS. 10A-10D . 
       FIGS. 9B-9D  show by way of example two connected encasing units  901 , a first encasing unit  901  forming three receiving means  902 . In  FIG. 9B  a second encasing unit  901  also has three receiving means  902 . In  FIG. 9C  the second encasing unit  901  has two receiving means  902  while in  FIG. 9D  there is one receiving means  902 . A different number of receiving means  902  which are formed by an encasing unit  901  permits adaptation of an encasing unit  901  to a line strand (not shown), in particular to the number of lines (not shown) within a line strand (not shown). Thus a configuration according to requirements of encasing units  901  with an adapted number of receiving means  902  within an encasement  900  makes it possible for an individual line strand (not shown) to be replaced as required by the replacement of an encasing unit  901 . 
     It is possible to use for example fixing profiles as functional regions  920 ,  921 , which are of a uniform cross-section in the longitudinal direction L, to permit extrusion. The functional regions  920 ,  921  here too extend in strip form in a plane in opposite relationship at two sides along the encasing wall  903 . The fixing strips of the functional regions  920 ,  921  are designed in the manner of a closure with interengaging fixing profiles, similar for example to press-closure bags or preferably zip-closure bags. The functional regions  920 ,  921  here cooperate for fixing purposes, possibly also with a separate fixing bar as in  FIG. 7  which connects the fixing profiles or fixing bar. 
     Preferably the functional regions  920 ,  921  are produced in one piece with the walls  903  by extrusion, either using a unitary material or from different plastics, for example with a flexible but stronger or harder plastic for the functional regions  920 ,  921 . The functional regions  920 ,  921  can be produced separately, for example by extrusion or injection moulding, and can be integrally connected to the remaining profile of the encasing unit, for example being welded continuously in the longitudinal direction by a suitable procedure. Preferably for that purpose the wall  903  and the functional regions  920 ,  921  are made from a thermoplastic material. 
       FIGS. 10A-10D  show a particularly preferred further example of an encasing unit  1001  representing a variant of the principle shown in  FIGS. 4A-4D . In this case also the encasing unit  1001  is made from flexible bendable plastic, preferably by extrusion, and has a plurality of, for example three, receiving means  1002  for lines  6  in the closed state ( FIG. 10B ). In that case the encasing unit  1001  for each receiving means  1002  has a respective dedicated or associated functional region  1010  which is in the form of a closure, here in particular in the form of a strip-like closure bar with two engagement profiles or closure profiles which engage into each other in conjugate relationship, more specifically a hook profile  1011  which can engage into a claw profile  1012 . The hook profile  1011  and the claw profile  1012  are each provided with at least one undercut configuration, preferably two symmetrical undercut configurations, and engage into each other with a barb-like function, that is to say they are relatively easy to close or connect but are to be released only with the application of a markedly greater force. 
     In addition at both opposite narrow sides the encasing unit  1001  also has a respective functional region  1020  and  1021  which serves for modular fixing of a plurality of encasing units  1001  with correspondingly structurally identical functional regions  1020  and  1021  in a position laterally in mutually juxtaposed relationship or at a support device (see  FIG. 3A ). The fixing strips or bands  1020 ,  1021  are here also in the form of a claw profile  1022  and a hook profile  1025  respectively, similarly or identical to the closure functional regions  1010 . 
       FIGS. 10C-10D  show diagrammatic enlarged cross-sectional views of the hook profile  1011  and the claw profile  1012  which being of identical structure can also be used for the closure functional regions  1020  and  1021  respectively. The hook profile  1011  and the claw profile  1012  are of a cross-section which remains the same throughout in the longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the plane of  FIGS. 10C-10D ) and are in the form of flexible strips or bands which are bendable about the axis A in the direction-changing arc  4  ( FIG. 4 ). The hook profile  1011  is in the form of a symmetrical double-hook profile with respect to the neutral fibre N, for example as shown here of an arrowhead shape, a mushroom shape or the like and has respective correspondingly rear undercut configurations or undercut portions. The rear sides  1027  can extend rearwardly inclinedly at an angle with respect to the plane of symmetry and the connecting direction in order to enhance the action as a barb and to reliably prevent unwanted detachment. The claw profile  1012  is of corresponding cross-section symmetrically with respect to the neutral fibre N. The claw profile  1012  has an inner receiving means in matching or conjugate relationship with the hook profile  1011  with a matching cross-section and undercut configurations, wherein the receiving means can be designed with an undersize to achieve a force-locking connection. Around that receiving means the claw profile  1012  forms two claw-like bars or strips which engage behind the hook profile  1011  like a jaw and hold it fast. Other forms of a hook profile  1011  and a claw profile  1012  can also be considered, in particular as in the case of toothless zip fasteners, in particular ziplock, sliding or press closures made of plastic. The foregoing configuration can be appropriately used for the fixing functional regions  1020 ,  1021 . Zip fasteners  1010  or  1020 ,  1021  with interengaging parts which are of a substantially uniform cross-section over their entire length and which are operated without a slider as that structure can be easily implemented using an extrusion process are preferred. It is also possible to provide a suitable slider as a tool or an aid for opening or closing purposes. 
     An arrangement of the closure functional regions  1010  and fixing functional regions  1020  and  1021  at the level of the neutral fibre N as in  FIGS. 10A-10D  is particularly advantageous. The neutral fibre N, also referred to as the zero line, is the layer in the cross-section whose length does not change upon bending, in particular upon displacement of the direction-changing arc  4  ( FIG. 8 ), that is to say the layer involving a constant dimension in the longitudinal direction upon curvature. 
     As is particularly clearly visible from  FIGS. 10C-10D  the fixing functional regions  1020  and  1021  can be relatively easily connected together in a connecting direction V which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L, wherein the connecting direction V can be substantially in the plane of the neutral fibre N. The fixing functional regions  1020  and  1021  however can only be detached with very great difficulty in opposite relationship to the direction V so that unwanted release does not occur in operation. 
     The closure functional regions  1010  and fixing functional regions  1020  and  1021  can be produced with a unitary material with the walls of the receiving means  1002  or can be produced from a comparatively more flexurally stiff plastic, for example using an extrusion process, for example to increase the stability of the connections and the encasing unit  1001  overall. 
       FIG. 11  shows a modification with an encasing unit  1101  in which the fixing functional regions  1120  and  1121  are designed in accordance with the principle shown in  FIGS. 10A-10D . The closure functional regions  1110  in contrast are in the form of double hook engagement profiles based on the principle of  FIGS. 4A-4C . It is to be noted here that the view in  FIGS. 4A-4C  is not true to scale as the closure functional regions  410  are shown there on a greatly enlarged scale. Typically the functional regions  1010 ,  1020  or  1021  or  1110 ,  1120  and  1121  are of a structural height in cross-section in the millimetre range, for example from about 1 mm to about 3 mm. 
       FIG. 12  again shows a modification over  FIGS. 10A-10D  with the essential difference that each encasing unit  1201  in  FIG. 12  forms precisely one receiving means which can be individually opened and closed. Besides a corresponding closure functional region  1210  with a hook profile  1211  and a claw profile  1212  similarly to  FIGS. 10A-10D  at each receiving means in  FIG. 12  each individual receiving means also has at both sides at each narrow side its own fixing profile, for example a claw profile  1222  or a hook profile  1212 . 
       FIG. 14  shows a development with encasements  1402  each with only one receiving means  1402  in which closure profiles  1411 ,  1412  are provided as closure bars, each having two cooperating profile elements  1414  which engage into each other in positively locking relationship. Those profile elements  1414  are for example of a cross-section in barb form, in accordance with the principle of a suitable press closure or the like, similarly to  FIG. 4A  and  FIG. 6  respectively. By virtue of associated closure profiles  1411 ,  1412  the receiving means  1402  can here too be individually opened as required and dust-tightly closed for replacement of a line or support chain. The closure profiles  1411 ,  1412  have a doubled toothed bar each having two interengaging parallel hook bars or profile elements  1414  for a secure fixed connection in the closed state of the receiving means  1402  ( FIG. 14B ). In addition each encasement  1401  has two cooperating fixing strips or profiles  1421 ,  1422 , arranged laterally beside the closure profiles  1411 ,  1412  and also extending continuously in the longitudinal direction with a uniform profile. In this case the fixing profiles  1421 ,  1422  are of the same structural shape or the same cross-section as the closure profiles  1411 ,  1412 . In the example of  FIGS. 14A-14B  the encasing wall  1403  can be bent open after opening of the closure profiles  1411 ,  1412 . Independently thereof individual encasements  1401  can be connected together or released from each other by way of the fixing profiles  1421 ,  1422 . As a deviation from  FIGS. 9-10  and  FIG. 13  the connecting direction V of the fixing profiles  1421 ,  1422  is here however not disposed in the neutral fibre but is directed perpendicularly to the neutral fibre N, and here too is in the plane perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction, as  FIG. 14B  shows. 
     As a variant from  FIG. 14   FIG. 15  shows a structural configuration which is comparable in the fitted state and in which each encasement  1501  is composed of two half-shell portions  1503 A which each have two closure profiles  1511 ,  1512  and only one fixing profile  1521 . Two connected half-shell portions  1503 A, as shown in  FIG. 15B , are however again coupled or connected to each other by way of two respective lateral, functionally separate fixing strips  1521 A,  1521 B. 
     In the variant shown in  FIG. 16  the closure profiles  1611 ,  1612  correspond to those in  FIGS. 14-15  or  FIG. 4  or  FIG. 6 , whereas the fixing strips  1621 ,  1622  have the hook and claw profile of  FIG. 9  and  FIGS. 10C-10D , which can be fitted together in the connecting direction. 
     As a possible development, in particular of the closure profiles of  FIGS. 14-16  and  FIG. 4  and  FIG. 6 ,  FIG. 11  shows an enlarged diagrammatic view of a further functional profile with cooperating functional regions  1711 ,  1712  based on the principle of a suitable press or zip closure. In this case the individual closure profile elements  1714  are of identical cross-section, each with a mirror image-symmetrical mushroom head or double T-shape or the like and engage hook-like into each other or behind each other in the form of double rows. With such a design configuration separate support regions  415  as in  FIG. 4  are not required. The functional regions  1711 ,  1712  of  FIG. 17 , as shown for example in  FIGS. 14-15 , can also be used as fixing profiles. A closure slider  750  (see  FIG. 7B ) can be provided to release or connect the functional regions  1711 ,  1712 . 
       FIGS. 18A-18C  show various arrangements of encasements with encasing units  901 , for example similarly to  FIG. 9 . In  FIG. 18A  the two outer lateral encasing units  901  are specifically associated with two diagrammatically shown support chains  135  so that they are replaceable separately with their associated encasement  901 . This also applies to  FIG. 18B , in which case the encasements  901 B associated with the support chains  135 , for example for robust support chains  135  of larger size, are of a comparatively larger free cross-section than the line-guiding encasement  901 A. 
       FIG. 19  shows a multilayer structure with a plurality of encasements  900 - 1  . . .  900 - 5  in which encasing units  900  according to the invention for example as shown in  FIGS. 9A-9D  are used, wherein some encasements  901 B are provided separately for support chains  135 , for example in the lower layer  900 - 5  which is the inner layer in the direction-changing arc. 
       FIGS. 13A-13E  finally show a flexible encasement  1300  of the general kind set forth for clean room applications in accordance with an independent invention which is preferably but not necessarily carried out in accordance with one of the teachings of  FIGS. 1-12 . The encasement  1300  is displaceable based on the principle shown in  FIG. 8 . The two end regions  1305 ,  1307  of the encasement  1300  are in that case connected together by means of structurally identical clamping devices  1330 , for example at a fixed point and a movable connecting point (see  FIG. 8 ). 
     The clamping device  1330  shown in  FIGS. 13A-13E  represents a development of the principle shown in  FIG. 1A  and  FIG. 3A . Each clamping device  1330  has a first clamping portion  1331  and a second clamping portion  1332 . Each clamping portion  1331 ,  1332  is plate-like, for example made in the form of a shaped piece of metal, and has an inside recess or receiving means  1333  for the corresponding end region  1305  and  1307  respectively. The here approximately rectangular clamping portions  1331 ,  1332  each have two opposite ends  1334 ,  1335  which extend transversely, here perpendicularly, to a through-pass direction of the lines or the longitudinal direction L, in accordance with which encasement  1300  is fitted in the respective clamping devices  1330 . In the illustrated example each recess or receiving means  1333  opens at both ends in the longitudinal direction L, that is to say outwardly at the ends  1334 ,  1335  so that lines can be unimpededly passed therethrough. In regard to the recess or receiving means  1333  both clamping portions  1331 ,  1332  are preferably of the same structural configuration and only differ in respect of the screw connection for bracing the two clamping portions  1331 ,  1332  relative to each other in the assembled state ( FIG. 13A  and  FIG. 13C ). 
     As the perspective view in  FIG. 13B  and the cross-sectional view in  FIG. 13D  (corresponding to section plane XIIID viewed from the front view in  FIG. 13C ) show provided in each recess  1333  at the inside are two structurally identical pressure portions  1340  respectively. 
     With the clamping device  1300  closed the pressure portions  1340  are pressed against the corresponding end region  1305 ,  1307  of the line protective guide or encasement  1300  and hold them in force-locking relationship in the longitudinal direction. In addition the pressure portions  1340  provide for dust-tight closure or serve as sealing profile members to prevent particle escape at the open end of the encasement  1300 . 
     For that purpose each pressure portion  1340  is made from a plastic which is more compressible or softer in relation to the material of the clamping portions  1331 ,  1332 , in particular being soft-elastic or rubber-elastic or possibly also hard-elastic, in particular in the form of hollow-chamber extrusion members here with two hollow spaces which are oval or ogival in cross-section as indicated at  1345  ( FIG. 13E ). The desired deformability of the pressure portions  1340  can also be achieved in another way by material selection and/or by shaping. 
     As a result each pressure portion  1340  is adapted to be deformable upon pressing or bracing of the clamping portions  1331 ,  1332  and serves inter alia as a tensile stress relief means for the lines (not shown in  FIGS. 13A-13E ). 
     As  FIG. 13D  best shows in that case each pressure portion  1340  is of such a size and/or arrangement that it projects or protrudes in the through-pass direction or longitudinal direction L, in particular with a corresponding narrow side  1344 , beyond the respective end  1334  and  1335  of the associated clamping portions  1331  and  1332  respectively. That provides that the respective pressure portion  1340  provides at the corresponding end edge a protection affording an edge-blunting action so that the line protective guide or encasement  1300  does not come into contact with the edge of the respective end  1334  and  1335  respectively. That is advantageous in particular in relation to the end  1335  ( FIG. 13A ), which is disposed inwardly in relation to the configuration of the encasement  1300  or which is towards the respective other clamping device  1330  and at which the encasement  1300  is respectively introduced or fitted into the clamping device  1330 . 
     As tests have shown, by virtue of a travel movement of the encasement  1300  (see  FIG. 8 , not shown in  FIG. 13A  in the deflected operating position) a critical location in regard to the occurrence of unwanted particles, in particular due to abrasion of the encasement  1300 , is formed at the end fixing device when approaching the direction-changing arc  4  ( FIG. 8 ). That problem can be alleviated by the simple measure of providing corner protection, here without a noticeable cost increase by virtue of the proposed pressure portions  1340 . 
     The pressure portions  1340  project beyond the respective critical end  1335  of the associated clamping portion  1331  and  1332  and at least in the assembled state afford protection. In that respect the edge of the end  1335 , that is towards the encasement  1300 , can possibly also be partially embraced or covered over, but that is not required if there is a sufficiently protective projecting configuration in the longitudinal direction (see  FIG. 13D ) as in that way the pressure portions already afford a softer transition. In addition a suitable choice of material for the pressure portions  1340 , in regard to the material of the encasement  1300 , can provide a material pairing that is more advantageous in regard to abrasive wear, in comparison with the rigid material, mostly metal, of the clamping portions  3331  and  3332  respectively. The plastic of the pressure portions  1340  can be in particular harder or less soft-elastic than the plastic of the encasement  1300 . 
     Projection in respect of the pressure portions  1340  at the opposite free end  1334  is also advantageous for the protection of lines which are passed there out of the line guide and to improve the sealing action in relation to particle escape. 
     Advantageously each pressure portion  1340  in the non-loaded state at the inside that faces away from the clamping portion, in the cross-section ( FIG. 13D ), forms one or more convexly curved or outwardly bulged surfaces  1342  in order to provide transitions or boundary surfaces which are as soft as possible at the outside of the encasement. 
     The profile-like pressure portions  1340  can extend with their longitudinal extent perpendicularly to the through-pass direction L continuously over the entire width of the recess  1330  as shown in  FIG. 13B . Preferably each pressure portion  1340  further has two rounded narrow sides  1344 . 
     The pressure portions  1340  can be produced inexpensively and in the form of symmetrical profile members for simplification of assembly. For fixing to the clamping portions  1331 ,  1332  each pressure portion can be provided at the rear with a projecting, for example toothed, fixing rib  1346  for fixing in a transverse groove in the clamping portion ( FIG. 13D ). 
     Preferably two structurally identical pressure regions  1340  are arranged in each clamping portion  1331 ,  1332  in mutually juxtaposed parallel spaced relationship ( FIG. 13D ) so that they extend perpendicularly to the through-pass direction, that is to say the longitudinal direction L of the encasement  1300 . 
     The proposed pressure portions  1340  in the clamping devices  1300 , besides edge protection between the clamping portions  1331 ,  1332 —in particular their ends  1335  facing towards the interior of the direction-changing arc—and the encasement  1300  at the same time present better protection for the lines and reliable modular sealing in relation to particle escape and/or end tensile stress relief in respect of the lines for different line diameters. Therefore the number of required components is reduced and assembly is simplified by the pressure portions  1340 .