Patent Publication Number: US-4321200-A

Title: Arylthioureidoisoindolines

Description:
This is a division of application Ser. No. 124,992 filed Mar. 13, 1980, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,272,284, issued June 9, 1981. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     I have discovered a novel class of compounds which are useful as growth regulators, particularly for the purpose of yield enhancement or increasing the fruit set of crop plants. The novel compounds have the general structural formula ##STR4## in which R is H or CH 3 , R&#39; is halogen, trifluoromethyl, cyano or C 1  to C 3  alkyl or alkoxy and n is zero or an integer from 1 to 2. This invention is also directed to a method of synthesis of the novel class of compounds and use of the compounds to regulate growth of plants. 
     SYNTHESIS OF THE GROWTH REGULATORS 
     The novel growth regulator compounds of this invention may be made by means of the general reaction outlined below; ##STR5## in which HX represents hydrochloric or other strong acid. The organic base, which serves as an acid acceptor, is preferably a strongly basic organic amino compound, such as triethylamine. Specific procedures are outlined and exemplified below for illustrative purposes: ##STR6## 
     The N-amino dihydroisoindole hydrochloride is prepared as taught by L. A. Carpino, J.A.C.S., 79, 4427(1957). The t-butyl 2-methyl-carbazate is prepared as taught by A. S. Dutta and J. S. Morley, J.C.S. Perkin I, 1712(1975). Below are specific, illustrative procedures. 
     Preparation of N-(phenylthioureido)-dihydroisoindole 
     To a solution of 1.7 g (0.01 mole) of N-amino dihydroisoindole hydrochloride in 10 ml of dimethyl formamide was added 1 ml of triethylamine followed by 1.35 g (0.01 mole) of phenylisothiocyanate. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. Water (25 ml) was added, the mixture stirred for 1 hr., and filtered. After drying there was obtained 2.6 g of the desired product, mp: 192°-193° dec. The IR and NMR were consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Preparation of N-(t-butyloxy carbonyl-methylamino)dihydroisoindole 
     A vigorously stirred solution 13.15 g (0.05 mole) of o-xylylene dibromide and 7.3 g (0.05 mole) of t-butyl 2-methylcarbazate in 25 ml of dimethylformamide was warmed to 50° and 14 ml of triethylamine was added during 5-8 minutes while maintaining the temperature at 50°-60°. After complete addition the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. and diluted with 100 ml of water. After stirring for 1 hr the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was separated and dried. Filtration and evaporation gave a gummy solid which was used without further purification. The IR and NMR of the material were consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Preparation of N-methylaminodihydroisoindole hydrochloride 
     To the crude N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl-N-methylamino)dihydroisoindole from the above preparation was added 25 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for one hour. Evaporation of the mixture to dryness and recrystallization of the residue from ethanolether gave 5.6 g of the desired product as a gummy solid, mp: 79°-89°. The IR and NMR were consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Preparation of N-(1-methyl-3-phenyl thioureido)dihydroisoindole 
     To a solution of 1.12 g (0.006 mole) of N-methylamino dihydroisoindole hydrochloride in 10 ml of dimethylformamide was added 1 ml of triethylamine followed by 0.82 g (0.006 mole) of phenylisothiocyanate. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. Water (25 ml) was added and the resulting gummy solid was extracted with ethyl acetate. After drying and filtering, evaporation gave a thick oil which solidified upon adding a small amount of ether and scratching. There was obtained 1.4 g of the desired product, mp: 121°-125° dec. The IR and NMR were consistent with the proposed structure. 
    
    
     Compounds of the invention which have been made by methods illustrated above are disclosed in Table I. 
     
                       TABLE I                                                     
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COMPOUNDS OF THE FORMULA                                                  
 ##STR7##                                                                 
M-No        m.p. °C.                                               
                       R        (R&#39;).sub.n                                
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3987        192-3°                                                 
                       H        H                                         
4053        183-4      H        3-CH.sub.3                                
4054        177-9      H        3-Cl                                      
4055        184-6      H        4-F                                       
4056        176-9      H        2-F                                       
4057        177-180    H        4-CF.sub.3                                
4249        121-5      CH.sub.3 H                                         
4250        134-142    CH.sub.3 4-Cl                                      
4251        104-113    CH.sub.3 3-Cl                                      
4252        149-156    CH.sub.3 4-F                                       
4253        128-138    CH.sub.3 3-F                                       
4322        208-210    H        3-CN                                      
4323        174-177    H        3-F                                       
4324         87-102    H        4-Cl                                      
4325        185-188    H        4-CH.sub.3                                
4326        171-176    H        2,4-Cl.sub.2                              
4327        166-172    H        3,4-Cl.sub.2                              
4424        192-193    H        2-Cl                                      
4425        171-174    H        2,3-Cl.sub.2                              
4426        183-187    H        4-OCH.sub.3                               
4427        198-199    H        2-CH.sub.3                                
4428        174-177    H        3,4-(CH.sub.3).sub. 2                     
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     USE OF THE GROWTH REGULATORS 
     The effects of these compounds as growth regulators, resulting from both pre-emergent and post-emergent application are often readily apparent. These effects may be demonstrated by means of the following illustrative procedures. 
     PRE-EMERGENT APPLICATION 
     Disposable paper trays about 21/2 inches deep were filled with soil and sprayed with aqueous spray mixtures at a rate of 5 lb. of active chemical per acre of sprayed area, were seeded with 6 species of plant seeds and were then covered with about 1/4 inch of soil. The spray mixtures were prepared by dissolving the proper amount of growth regulator compound in 15 ml of acetone, adding 4 ml of a solvent-emulsifier mixture consisting of 60 wt. percent of a commercial polyoxyethylated vegetable oil emulsifier (96 wt. percent active ingredient, Emulphor EL-719), 20 wt. percent xylene and 20 wt. percent deodorized kerosene, then bringing total volume up to 60 ml by addition of warm water. Twenty-one days after seeding and treatment the plantings were examined and plant injury was rated according to the following schedule: 
     DEGREE OF EFFECT 
     0=no effect 
     1=slight effect, plants recovered 
     2=moderate effect, injury to 26 to 75 percent 
     3=severe effect, injury to 76 to 93 percent of foliage 
     4=maximum effect (all plants died) 
     POST-EMERGENT APPLICATION 
     Several species of plants were grown in potting soil in disposable styrofoam trays and tomatoes were grown in four-inch pots in the greenhouse. Aqueous spray formulations were prepared and the growing plants were sprayed at a spray volume of 60 gallons per acre and an application rate of 5 lb. per acre. Spray mixtures were prepared in the manner described above. For comparative purposes, plants were also sprayed at 60 gal./acre with a spray mixture containing no growth regulator. Plant injury was again rated according to the schedule disclosed above and observations of growth regulator effects were observed and recorded as follows, for both pre- and post-emergent applications: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Effect              Abbreviation in Tables                                
______________________________________                                    
Formative effect on new growth                                            
                    F                                                     
Epinasty            E                                                     
Growth reduction    G                                                     
Non-emergence       K                                                     
Necrosis            N                                                     
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     In Table II below there are tabulated the observations of pre- and post-emergent herbicidal and growth regulator effects of various compounds disclosed above. 
     
                                           TABLE II                                
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EFFECTS ON VEGETATION                                                     
                             Post-emergent Effects                        
Pre-emergent Effects                             Lyco-                    
Com-                                                                      
    Digitaria                                                             
         Celosia     Raph-       Medi-   Raph-   persicum                 
pound                                                                     
    san- plu-                                                             
             Bromus                                                       
                 Setaria                                                  
                     anus                                                 
                         Beta                                             
                             Setaria                                      
                                 cago                                     
                                     Avena                                
                                         anus                             
                                             Beta                         
                                                 escu-                    
No. guinalis                                                              
         mosa                                                             
             inermis                                                      
                 italica                                                  
                     sativus                                              
                         vulgaris                                         
                             italica                                      
                                 sativa                                   
                                     sativa                               
                                         sativus                          
                                             vulgaris                     
                                                 lentum                   
                                                      Comments            
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3987                                                                      
    0    0   F1  0   0   0   0   F2G1                                     
                                     0   0   F2G2                         
                                                 F2                       
4053                                                                      
    0    F1  F1  F1  0   F2G1                                             
                             F1  F3G1                                     
                                     F1  F1  F3G1                         
                                                 F1   Increased fruit     
                                                      set                 
4055                                                                      
    0    0   F2G1                                                         
                 0   0   F1  F1  F3G3                                     
                                     F1  F1  F3G3                         
                                                 F1   Increased           
                                                      tillering           
4056                                                                      
    0    F1  F2  0   0   F2G1                                             
                             F1  F3G3                                     
                                     F1  0   F3G3                         
                                                 F1   Increased           
                                                      tillering           
4057                                                                      
    0    F1  F1  0   0   F1  0   F3G1                                     
                                     0   F1  F2  0                        
4249                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   0   F1  F2G1                                     
                                     --  F1  F1G1                         
                                                 F1                       
4250                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   0   F1  F1  0   0   F1  0                        
4251                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   0   F2G1                                         
                                 F1  F1  F1  F3G1                         
                                                 F2   Increased fruit     
                                                      set                 
4252                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   F1  0                        
4253                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   0   F1  F2  F1  F2G1                             
                                             F2G1                         
                                                 F2   Increased fruit     
                                                      set                 
4322                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   0   N1  F1  0   0   F1  F1                       
4323                                                                      
    F2G1 F2G2                                                             
             F2G1                                                         
                 F2G1                                                     
                     0   F1G1                                             
                             F1  F3G2                                     
                                     F1  F1  F3G1                         
                                                 F2                       
4324                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   0   0   F2G1                                     
                                     0   F1  F2  F1                       
4325                                                                      
    0    0   F1G1                                                         
                 F1G1                                                     
                     0   F1  0   F2G1                                     
                                     F1  0   F2  F1                       
4326                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   F1  F1  F2G1                                     
                                     F1  F1  F2  F2                       
4327                                                                      
    F3G2 F2G1                                                             
             F3G1                                                         
                 F3G3                                                     
                     0   F1  0   F3G1                                     
                                     0   0   F1  F1   Increased fruit     
                                                      set                 
4424                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   0   N1  F1  0   0   F1  0                        
4426                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   0   0   F1  0   0   F1  F1                       
4427                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   F1  F1                       
4428                                                                      
    0    0   0   0   0   0   0   F1  0   0   F1  F1                       
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     The use of many of the growth regulator compounds may be demonstrated by treatment of soybeans (Soja max) to increase the number of seed pods and by treating tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum) to increase fruit set. In an illustrative experiment, Soja max (Evans variety) and Lycopersicum esculentum (Tiny Tim variety) were grown in 4-inch pots (one plant per pot) filled with greenhouse potting soil (2 parts good top soil, 11/2 parts builders&#39; sand, 11/2 parts peat, fertilized with 5 lb. of 12-12-6 fertilizer and 5 lb. of finely ground limestone per cu. yd.). Aqueous spray formulations were prepared and the potted plants were sprayed at a spray volume of 40 gal. per acre and at application rates of 16, 4, 1 and 1/4 oz. per acre. The spray mixtures were prepared by dissolving the proper amount of growth regulator compound in 15 ml. of acetone, adding 2 ml. of a solvent-emulsifier mixture consisting of 60 wt. percent of a commercial polyoxyethylated vegetable oil emulsifier (96 wt. percent active ingredient, Emulphor EL-719), 20 wt. percent xylene and 20 wt. percent deodorized kerosene, then bringing total volume up to 80 ml by addition of a 0.156 wt. percent aqueous solution of liquid non-ionic dispersant (90 wt. percent active trimethylnonyl polyethylene glycol ether, Tergitol TMN-10). Two replicates were sprayed at all application rates. For comparative purposes, plants were also sprayed at 40 gal./acre with water. The number of seed pods and of fruits on both treated and on untreated plants was observed within approximately three weeks after spray treatment and the results are tabulated below as averages of two replicates. The fruit set is expressed as percentage of average pod or fruit count on treated plants, in comparison with average count on untreated plants. The severity of growth regulatory effect on the plants was estimated on a scale of 0 to 10 and is also recorded in the following table: 
     
                       TABLE III                                                   
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GROWTH REGULATING EFFECTS ON TWO SPECIES                                  
        Lycopersicum esculentum                                           
             Fruit    Soja max                                            
              Severity Count    Severity                                  
                                       Pod Count                          
              of       Percent in                                         
                                of     Percent in                         
              Growth   Com-     Growth Com-                               
              Reg-     parison to                                         
                                Reg-   parison to                         
Comp&#39;d.                                                                   
       Rate   ulating  Untreated                                          
                                ulating                                   
                                       Untreated                          
No.    oz/A   Effect   Plants   Effect Plants                             
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3987   16     0        100      3.5    123                                
       4      0        50       0.5    98                                 
       1      0        0        0      94                                 
4053   16     1.5      400      1.5    101                                
       4      0        200      1      91                                 
       1      0        300      0      101                                
4054   16     0        200      0.5    105                                
       4      0        600      0      105                                
       1      0        100      0      94                                 
4055   16     0.5      300      1.5    153                                
       4      0        100      0      115                                
       1      0        0        0      87                                 
4056   16     0.5      400      2.5    112                                
       4      0.5      300      0.5    129                                
       1      0        100      0      80                                 
4057   16     0        100      1.5    167                                
       4      0        200      1      122                                
       1      0        100      0      129                                
4249   16     0        150      3.5    93                                 
       4      0        175      0.5    105                                
       1      0        150      0      89                                 
4250   16     0        113      0      93                                 
       4      0        125      0      105                                
       1      0        113      0      114                                
4251   16     1        175      0.5    73                                 
       4      0        113      0      93                                 
       1      0        100      0      93                                 
4252   16     0        113      1.5    89                                 
       4      0        113      0      109                                
       1      0        100      0      81                                 
4253   16     1.5      113      1      97                                 
       4      0.5      88       0      89                                 
       1      0        113      0      93                                 
4310   16     0        87       0      96                                 
       4      0        106      0      118                                
       1      0        144      0      96                                 
4322   16     0        136      0      114                                
       4      0        150      0      91                                 
       1      0        95       0      105                                
4326   16     0.5      177      1      118                                
       4      0        150      0      118                                
       1      0        150      0      105                                
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     The information presented in tabular form herein will enable a worker in the art to make a selection from among the growth regulator compounds of the invention and to make some judgment with regard to application rates, depending upon the effect which is desired. It may be seen, for example, that severe effects on some species of vegetation may occur at application rates of only 5 lb. per acre, whereas beneficial effects may be observed on living plants at application rates of 1 lb. per acre or less. 
     The growth regulator compounds are usually applied in combination with inert carriers or diluents, as in aqueous sprays, granules and dust formulations in accordance with established practice in the art. An aqueous spray is usually prepared by mixing a wettable powder or emulsifiable formulation of a growth regulator with a relatively large amount of water to form a dispersion. 
     Wettable powders comprise intimate, finely divided mixtures of growth regulator compounds, inert solid carriers and surface active agents. The inert solid carrier is usually chosen from among the attapulgite clays, the kaolin clays, the montmorillonite clays, the diatomaceous earth, finely divided silica and purified silicates. Effective surfactants, which have wetting, penetrating and dispersing ability are usually present in a wettable powder formulation in proportions of from 0.5 to about 10 percent by weight. Among the surface active agents commonly used for this purpose are the sulfonated lignins, naphthalenesulfonates and condensed naphthalenesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates and non-ionic surfactants such as products of condensation of ethylene oxide with alkylphenols. 
     Emulsifiable concentrates of the growth regulator compounds comprise in each instance, a solution of growth regulator compound in a liquid carrier which is a mixture of water-immiscible solvent and surfactants, including emulsifiers. Useful solvents include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the xylenes, alkylnaphthalenes, petroleum distillates, terpene solvents, ether-alcohols and organic ester solvents. Suitable emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents may be selected from the same classes of products which are employed in formulating wettable powders. 
     Usually, the growth regulators are applied by diluting with water agricultural compositions which desirably contain from 0.1 percent to 95 percent by weight of active compound and from 0.1 to 75 percent of a carrier or surfactant. However, direct application to plant seeds prior to planting may be accomplished in some instances by mixing powdered solid growth regulator with seed to obtain a substantially uniform coating which is very thin and comprises only one or two percent by weight or less, based on the weight of the seed. In most instances, however, a nonphytotoxic solvent, such as methanol is employed as a carrier to facilitate the uniform distribution of growth regulator on the surface of the seed. 
     When a compound is to be applied to the soil, as for a pre-emergence application, granular formulations are sometimes more convenient than sprays. A typical granular formation comprises the growth regulator compound dispersed on an inert carrier such as coarsely ground clay, or clay which has been converted to granules by treatment of a rolling bed of the powdered material with a small amount of liquid in a granulating drum. In the usual process for preparing granular formulations, a solution of the active compound is sprayed on the granules while they are being agitated in a suitable mixing apparatus, after which the granules are dried with a current of air during continued agitation.