Patent Publication Number: US-11660366-B2

Title: Air scenting appliance for a vehicle

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     The present disclosure relates generally to air scenting appliances and, more specifically, to air scenting appliances for vehicles that include a replaceable scent cartridge containing a liquid scent compound to be diffused or aerosolized and released into the vehicle. The air scenting appliances are particularly well suited to be positioned within a cup holder of a vehicle and operated within the confines of an interior of the vehicle. The air scenting appliances are specifically designed for use in vehicles when a driver is present and readily adjustable by the driver to provide a uniform scent experience. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Air scenting appliances in the past have had the ability to dispense scent compounds or other compounds throughout the atmosphere of desired spaces but can suffer from various drawbacks or deficiencies. For example, some air scenting appliances and replaceable cartridges thereof may be overly complex, costly and/or suffer from other deficiencies or drawbacks, such as, for example, discharging diffused or aerosolized matter with less than ideal characteristics, or the cartridges being susceptible to leakage, tampering, fouling and/or contamination. In addition, many known air scenting appliances are not particularly well suited to be used within confined spaces such as the interior of a vehicle or where there are frequently changing airflow conditions therein. Moreover, many known air scenting appliances are not particularly well suited to enable operation and adjustment thereof by a driver operating a motor vehicle in a safe and efficient manner. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     The air scenting appliances for vehicles and replaceable cartridges and other components thereof and related methods shown and described herein provide form factors that are robust, efficient, and particularly effective at treating confined spaces of a vehicle with a diffused or aerosolized compound from a liquid source, and include air scenting appliances that are specifically configured to be positioned within a cup holder of a vehicle. Moreover, the air scenting appliances for vehicles are particularly well suited for safe and effective operation by a driver while driving and are readily controllable to adjust output to account for changing airflow conditions that are present within the vehicle as well as occupant preferences. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is an isometric view of an air scenting system, according to one embodiment, including an air scenting appliance for treating an interior of a vehicle with a scent compound diffused or aerosolized from a liquid contained in replaceable cartridges that may be loaded in the appliance. 
         FIG.  2    is a top isometric view of the air treatment appliance of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    is a bottom isometric view of the air treatment appliance of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  4    is an isometric exploded view of the air treatment appliance of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  5    is an isometric cross-sectional view of an example replaceable cartridge usable with the air treatment appliance of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  6    is a system diagram, according to an example embodiment, of an air treatment system that includes an air treatment appliance and a replaceable cartridge therefor. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various disclosed embodiments. However, one skilled in the relevant art will recognize that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known devices, structures and techniques associated with air scenting appliances (also referred to as liquid scent diffusion devices), components thereof and related methods of diffusing or aerosolizing a compound from a liquid scent source may not be shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments. For example, embodiments of the air treatment appliances and replaceable cartridges disclosed herein may include or incorporate aspects or features of known appliances and associated components and control methods thereof. Examples of known air scenting appliances, components and aspects thereof and related methods are shown and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,712,683; 7,930,068; 8,855,827; 9,248,461; 9,162,004; and 10,086,340, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as “comprises” and “comprising,” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, as “including, but not limited to.” 
     Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. 
     As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. 
     With reference to  FIG.  1   , the present disclosure relates generally to air scenting appliances  100  and more specifically to air scenting appliances  100  operable with replaceable cartridges  102  containing a liquid scent compound  120  to be diffused or aerosolized and released into an interior of a vehicle to be treated, which may also referred to as liquid diffusion devices or apparatuses, and to components thereof and related methods. 
     As shown in  FIG.  1   , the air scenting appliances  100  of the present disclosure may be provided in a form factor that is configured for use in the interior space of a vehicle (i.e., a car interior) for treating the interior space with a scent compound or other compound diffused or aerosolized from a liquid source. In particular, the appliances  100  may include a form factor that is configured to be readily inserted in a cup holder  110  within the interior of a vehicle. It is also appreciated, however, that the appliances  100  are portable in nature and may be relocated as desired to treat different spaces. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  1   , each replaceable cartridge  102  includes a cartridge outlet  132  to permit a diffused or aerosolized compound generated from the liquid  120  within the cartridge  102  to be discharged into the environment or space surrounding the appliance  100 . More particularly, when loaded, the replaceable cartridge  102  within the appliance  100  is coupled to an outlet of a source of pressurized air (e.g., pump  122  of  FIG.  4   ) to enable pressurized air to be selectively passed through the cartridge  102  as described herein to diffuse or aerosolize the liquid  120  contained therein and to force the aerosolized matter to be discharged through the cartridge outlet  132 . 
     Within the present disclosure, the terms atomize and diffuse may be used in their various forms interchangeably. They are intended to refer to generally the same action, that being the dispersion of liquid into very small particle sizes (preferably but not limited to one micron or less in size) and releasing the particles into the atmosphere of a generally enclosed space. Discharging diffused liquid with particularly small particles helps ensure that the liquid to be dispersed remains airborne long enough to effectively treat the space. The diffused liquid is also referred to herein as aerosolized matter, and may include, for example, a scented compound. 
     One approach to providing small particle sizes is to incorporate a dispersion or gas-liquid mixing location adjacent an expansion chamber. The mixed gas and liquid combination may contain particles of greater than desirable size. Allowing this mix to remain resident within the expansion chamber prior to release into the treated space will allow larger particles to precipitate out of the mixture. Structures that the gas and liquid mixture impinge upon may also assist in the collection of these larger particles and leave only the desired predominantly smaller sized particles to be released. The expansion chamber may be maintained at a positive pressure with respect to the atmospheric pressure within the space to be treated, so that the gas and liquid mix will be ejected from the appliance  100  into the space. Alternatively, the expansion chamber may generally be maintained at the atmospheric pressure of the space to be treated with the flow of gas (e.g., air) through the chamber providing the impetus for movement of the gas and liquid mix from the cartridge  102  of the appliance  100  into the space to be treated. 
     Within the context of this disclosure, diffusion or aerosolizing also generally refers to a process or method of dispersing a liquid without destroying the integrity of the liquid compound. While some degree of reactivity between the gas (e.g., air) and the liquid may be desirable, diffusion generally does not change the nature of the liquid, unlike heating or the application of electrical energy into the liquid to diffuse the liquid. 
     Within the context of this disclosure, the air scenting appliances  100  use an air pump (e.g., pump  122 ) and a venturi (e.g., venturi device  142 ) to convert liquid-state fragrance formulations into an adjustable quantity of microdroplets which transition to vapor immediately (85 to 300 ms) after exiting the appliance  100 . This vapor becomes invisible as it blends into the ambient air to create scent effect. The quantity of droplets exiting the appliance  100  determine the strength of the scent as perceived by human occupants. The number of scent molecules vs mols of air is expressed in grams per cubic meter (g/cu 3  or PPM parts per million). This is the “concentration” of scent in the air. The more scent molecules in the ambient air the stronger the scent effect. 
     One challenge addressed by embodiments of the present invention relates to changing airflow conditions within a vehicle that significantly impact the concentration of scent in the air of the vehicle and thus the perceived strength of the scent, a key part of the scent experience. Airflow conditions in a vehicle change frequently with changes in, for example, driving speed, air handler fan speed, ambient temperature and humidity, and proportion of fresh versus recirculated air. Compounding the unavoidable changes in airflow condition is occupant scent perception thresholds. The ability to perceive scents changes, for example, with age and gender. While what is desired by one person can be established and locked in for a single driver, other occupants may require something different ranging from no scent to a strong scent. 
     Accordingly, it is believed that to be an effective air scenting or freshening device, the driver must be able to adjust the quantity of droplets in the air (i.e., the scent concentration) to ensure a pleasant and uniform experience in varying airflow conditions and varying occupant preferences. Air freshening approaches of the prior art which cannot adjust output will produce widely different experiences and optimizing the scent experience for various occupant preferences is not possible. 
     Another challenge addressed by embodiments of the present invention relates to operational safety. How does a driver adjust a scenting experience without taking their eyes off the road? According to embodiments of the present invention, the appliance  100  fits snuggly in a cup holder of a vehicle conveniently within arm reach of a driver in a consistent and known position. On the upper end of the appliance  100 , there is provided an adjustment device in the form of an annular dial around the circumference of the appliance  100  which can be conveniently turned in increments (e.g., in increments from 0 (no output) to 10 (maximum output)) with the thumb and forefinger of the driver&#39;s hand. Advantageously, in a preferred implementation, an audible progressively louder audible indication (e.g., click) confirms each setting step from one step to the next from no output to maximum output. In addition, or in lieu thereof, tactile feedback (e.g., vibrations, detent engagements) may be provided to indicate the intensity setting. This is particularly advantageous in enabling a driver to adjust the scent output of the appliance  100 , and hence scent concentration within the vehicle, to adjust for changing air conditions within the vehicle and/or occupant preferences without compromising safe driving habits. 
     Notably, the air scenting appliances  100 , replaceable cartridges  102  and other components and methods described herein may be used to provide or introduce a pleasant or soothing scent into the air space of a vehicle or other generally enclosed space. The particular liquid  120  to be dispensed by the scenting appliance  100  is contained within the replaceable cartridge  102 . Although embodiments of the invention are described in the context of discharging scents, the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to a particular type or nature of liquid  120  to be dispersed, but is intended to encompass any desirable airborne liquid treatments that are preferably dispersed within an enclosed space to be effective. The term enclosed space, as used herein, refers to any volume of space within which the atmospheric turnover is sufficiently slow to permit the dispersed liquid to have its desired effect within the space. Some spaces may have one or more openings and still have the desired characteristics to permit treatment with a diffused liquid. Other spaces may be preferably fully enclosed to permit treatment by the selected liquid. In other cases, the liquid used for treatment may preferably be used in a sealed space, for maximum effectiveness or for safety reasons. Within the scope of the present disclosure, it is not intended to limit the nature, size or configuration of the space to be treated except as may be appropriate for the liquid used to treat the space and the nature of treatment desired within the space. That said, embodiments described herein are particularly well suited for treating the interior space of a vehicle, which may be fully enclosed or in some instances have one or more openings such as one or more open windows. In addition, as described earlier, the interior space of the vehicle may particularly prone to changing airflow conditions, and the embodiments disclosed herein may be particularly well suited to enable dynamic adjustment of scent output to provide a more uniform scent experience despite such variable airflow conditions. 
     With reference to  FIG.  4   , and according to the illustrated embodiment, a control system  128  (inclusive of a printed circuit board, PCB,  218 ) is provided and is configured to permit adjustment of the timing, flow rate and/or pressure level of the pressurized air generated by a pump assembly  122  that is directed into and passes through an installed cartridge  102  during use. In some instances, the operating pressure may be relatively low, such as, for example, less than about 2 psi gauge pressure or about 1.5 psi gauge pressure. Within the cartridge  102 , the pressurized air is directed to atomize the liquid  120  contained therein and to aid in the dispersion of the atomized liquid into the air space to be treated. 
     In some instances, it may be desirable to have an indirect route from the point of actual atomization of the liquid and a cartridge outlet  132  through which atomized particles exit from the cartridge  102 . As will be described in greater detail elsewhere, embodiments of the replaceable cartridges  102  described herein provide an atomization zone where liquid  120  from the cartridge  102  and pressurized air meet and are mixed. In addition, the cartridges  102  may also provide an expansion chamber or chambers within the cartridge  102  where the atomized liquid is retained until a portion of the atomized liquid is allowed to exit the cartridge  102  loaded in the host appliance  100 . As described in greater detail elsewhere, the cartridges  102  may combine storage of the liquid  120  to be diffused, an atomization structure to transform the liquid  120  into an airborne concentration, an expansion chamber or chambers, and optionally a tortuous path or passage towards the outlet  132  of the cartridge  102 . 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  through  4   , one example embodiment of an air scenting appliance  100  is illustrated and includes an appliance housing  101  configured to receive the cartridges  102  therein. As previously discussed, the appliance  100  is configured to treat a space with a diffused or aerosolized scent compound generated by a flow of air moving through the cartridge  102  which is entrained with liquid particles from liquid  120  contained in the cartridge  102 . For this purpose, the appliance  100  may include one or more controls, such as, for example, a rotational dial  107  which may act as a power on/off control for powering up and powering down the appliance  100 , as well as an intensity control for adjusting the intensity or quantity of discharged matter into the surrounding environment. In one specific implementation, for example, the rotational dial  107  may be configured to rotate in incremental steps from 0 (no output) to 10 (maximum output). The appliance  100  may further include one or more indicators  111  (e.g., LEDs) for providing operational feedback signals, such as, for example, an intensity level at which the appliance  100  is operating. In addition or in lieu of such indicators  111 , the appliance  100  may include one or more features to provide audible feedback (e.g., clicks, beeps, or other sounds) of adjustments in intensity level and/or haptic feedback (e.g., vibrations, detent engagements) of adjustments in intensity level. The magnitude, duration or intensity of the audible and/or haptic feedback may change from one step in intensity level to the next. Intensity may vary in a stepwise or continuous manner and changes in the audible and/or haptic feedback may be correspondingly provided in a stepwise or continuous manner. 
     The appliance  100  may further include a cable  112  for connecting the appliance  100  to a power supply, such as a power supply of a host vehicle, and/or for coupling the appliance to the electrical system of the vehicle for the transfer of data signals. In other embodiments, the appliance  100  may include an onboard power supply, such as an onboard rechargeable battery or battery pack, to facilitate use of the appliance  100  in a location that may be remote from a power outlet or other external power source. 
     As shown in  FIG.  4   , the housing  101  may include a plurality of housing components  101   a ,  101   b ,  101   c  that combine together to form the housing  101 . The housing components  101   a ,  101   b ,  101   c  of the illustrated embodiment include, for example, an upper housing component  101   a  which defines a cartridge receiving cavity  103  for receiving the cartridges  102 . The housing components  101   a ,  101   b ,  101   c  of the illustrated embodiment further include a mid-housing component  101   b  which defines a substantial portion of an external profile of the appliance  100  and which accommodates various functional components of the appliance  100 . For example, the mid-housing component  101   b  surrounds the pump  122 , which is configured to supply a flow of air to the cartridge  102  during operation via a gas supply conduit  124  and stem  126  that is provide at the end of the gas supply conduit  124 . The stem  126  is supported within the cartridge receiving cavity  103  of the upper housing component  101   a  and is sized and shaped to be insertably received in a bottom end of a loaded cartridge  102 . The housing components  101   a ,  101   b ,  101   c  of the illustrated embodiment further include a lower housing component  101   c  that provides a stable base for the appliance  100  and supports an electrical port  206  and associated circuit board  207  at a lower end of the appliance  100  for supplying power to the appliance  100  and/or exchanging data signals. 
       FIG.  5    shows further details of a cartridge  102 ′ that is substantially similar to the cartridges  102  illustrated in  FIG.  1   , and which may be insertably received in the appliance  100  to provide a source of the liquid  120  to be aerosolized. With reference to  FIG.  5   , the replaceable cartridge  102 ′ may include a cartridge housing  134  comprising a plurality of housing pieces coupled together to define a fluid receptacle having an internal cavity  135 , which is partially filled with the liquid  120  to be diffused. For example, in accordance with the example embodiment of the cartridge  102 ′ shown in  FIG.  5   , the cartridge housing  134  includes an internal housing body  136  defining at least a portion of a receptacle for the liquid  120  to be aerosolized, an upper housing cap  137  including the cartridge outlet  132  through which the aerosolized matter is discharged during use, and an outer casing  138  surrounding at least a lower portion of the internal housing body  136 . In some instances, at least some of the housing pieces, for example, the internal housing body  136  and the upper housing cap  137 , may be fixedly coupled together to prevent non-destructive disassembly of the cartridge  102 ′, making it effectively tamperproof. This may be desirable to prevent users from refilling and reusing a spent cartridge that may be ineffective or less effective in treating the space due to fouling or build-up of residue within the cartridge  102 ′ from prior use. 
     As an example, and with reference to  FIG.  5   , the internal housing body  136  and the upper housing cap  137  may be provided with interlocking structures that snap or otherwise couple together in a manner that prevents non-destructive disassembly of the cartridge housing  134 . A seal, such as an o-ring seal or other seal, may be provided between the internal housing body  136  and the upper housing cap  137  near the interlocking structures to provide a liquid tight seal when the cartridge housing  134  is assembled. In this manner, the liquid  120  to be diffused may be prevented from leaking from the cartridge housing  134  at an interface between the internal housing body  136  and the upper housing cap  137 . Upon depletion of the liquid  120 , the cartridge  102 ′ may be readily removed and replaced with a like cartridge  102 ′ for continued treatment of the environment surrounding the host appliance  100 , and the depleted cartridge  102 ′ may be discarded as an intact unit or collected for refurbishment purposes. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  5   , the internal housing body  136  and the outer casing  138  may be provided with interlocking structures that couple together in a manner that prevents disassembly of the outer casing  138  from the internal housing body  136  until a threshold resistive force is overcome, after which the outer casing  138  may be removed from the internal housing body  136 . In other instances, the interlocking structures may prevent non-destructive disassembly of the outer casing  138  from the remainder of the cartridge  102 ′ to further assist in making the cartridge  102 ′ tamperproof. 
     In accordance with the example embodiment of the replaceable cartridge  102 ′ shown in  FIG.  5   , the internal housing body  136  may be transparent or semi-transparent and the outer casing  138  may be opaque, and the outer casing  138  may be provided with a window  139  through which a level L of the liquid  120  to be aerosolized is viewable through an exposed portion  141  of the transparent or semi-transparent internal housing body  136 . Advantageously, the window  139  of the outer casing  138  may have a size and a shape sufficient to observe the liquid level L of the liquid  120  in the internal housing body  136  as the liquid  120  transitions between a full level and an empty level. In this manner, a user can retrieve the cartridge  102 ′ from the appliance  100  as desired and check the level of liquid  120  therein. 
     Although the cartridge housing  134  of the example cartridge  102 ′ includes a liquid level viewing window  139 , in some embodiments, a replaceable cartridge may be provided without such a window  139 . In addition, the outer casing  138  may be omitted altogether, such as, for example, as shown in the cartridges  102  of  FIG.  1   . When provided, the outer casing  138  may have a shape that nests closely with the internal housing body  136 . For example, the outer casing  138  and the internal housing body  136  may each have a substantially cylindrical shape concentrically aligned forming a dual layer or dual wall receptacle. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  5   , the internal housing body  136 , upper housing cap  137 , and outer casing  138  may be fixedly coupled together to define the cartridge housing  134 . A cartridge inlet  131  may be provided at a bottom end of the internal housing body  136  to receive a flow of gas (e.g., air) during operation and the cartridge outlet  132  may be provided in the upper housing cap  137  for discharging diffused liquid generated by the cartridge  102 ′ during operation. The cartridge inlet  131  and the cartridge outlet  132  may be aligned along a central axis A defined by the cartridge housing  134 . The cartridge housing  134  may be generally rotationally symmetric about the central axis A. For example, as shown in  FIG.  5   , the cartridge housing  134  may resemble a cylinder or similar receptacle with a mushroom or enlarged top end that is rotationally symmetric about the central axis A. In other instances, the cartridge housing  134  may be asymmetrically shaped and the cartridge inlet  131  and cartridge outlet  132  may not be aligned vertically along a common axis A. Respective caps or plugs  104 ,  106  may be provided to temporarily close the cartridge inlet  131  and cartridge outlet  132  during storage, transport or the like to prevent fouling or contamination of the cartridge  102 ′ or possible leakage of the liquid  120  contained therein. 
     Internal components and structures of the cartridge  102 ′ and related functionality will now be described with continued reference to  FIG.  5   , some of which generally track similar features and functionality disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,248,461; 9,162,004; and 10,086,340, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. According to the illustrated embodiment of the cartridge  102 ′ shown in  FIG.  5   , the internal components and structures provide, among other things, a flow path through the cartridge  102 ′ from the cartridge inlet  131  to the cartridge outlet  132 , as represented by the arrows labeled  130   a - 130   h . When installed in the host diffusion appliance  100 , the cartridge inlet  131  is coupled to a source of pressurized gas  121  (e.g., pump  122  of  FIG.  4   ) such that the gas (e.g., air) may be periodically forced through the cartridge  102 ′ as generally represented by the arrows labeled  130   a - 130   h  to combine with the liquid  120  and to exit as a gas-liquid mixture comprising particularly small liquid particles carried by the gas, referred to generally herein as a diffused liquid or aerosolized matter. Details of the example pump  122  are not shown or described herein to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments; however, it will be appreciated that the pump  122  may be provided in a wide variety of different form factors. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the pressurized gas enters the cartridge  102 ′ through the cartridge inlet  131  at a bottom end of the housing  134  and then flows through a diffusion head  140  provided within the housing  134 , which includes a venturi device  142  for drawing the retained liquid  120  into the moving gas stream through an intake conduit  119 , after which the gas-liquid mixture moves through a cartridge insert  170  before exiting the cartridge  102 ′ through the cartridge outlet  132 . More particularly, the pressurized gas enters the cartridge  102 ′ through the cartridge inlet  131  at a bottom end of the housing  134 , as represented by the arrow label  130   a , and then flows upwardly through a gas supply conduit  152  defined by a portion of the internal housing body  136 , as represented by the arrow labeled  130   b . The gas then flows through the venturi device  142  drawing in liquid  120  from a fluid reservoir within the internal housing cavity  135  of the housing  134  via the intake conduit  119  to create a gas-liquid mixture comprising atomized liquid (also referred to herein as diffused liquid or aerosolized matter) that is discharged into an expansion chamber  148  provided by an upper portion  146  of the diffusion head  140 , as represented by the arrow labeled  130   c . The diffused liquid is then directed toward an impact structure or surface  181  located opposite the venturi device  142  wherein at least some of the diffused liquid impacts and collects on the impact structure or surface  181  and is routed back to any remaining liquid  120  in the fluid reservoir to be reintroduced into the gas stream by the venturi device  142 . At least some other of the diffused liquid is redirected to flow down around bulkhead portions  156  of the diffusion head  140  and to pass through passageways  158  in the diffusion head  140  leading to a portion of the internal cavity  135  of the cartridge housing  134  above the fluid level L of liquid  120  in the cartridge  102 ′, as represented by the arrows labeled  130   d  and  130   e . From there, some of the diffused liquid may collect on the exposed interior surfaces of the housing  134  or other internal structures of the cartridge  102 ′, or otherwise precipitate out of the gas and atomized liquid, and rejoin the liquid  120  in the fluid reservoir to be reintroduced into the gas stream by the venturi device  142 . Some other of the diffused liquid may be propelled into the cartridge insert  170  via an inlet  172  thereof, as represented by the arrow labeled  130   f . From the inlet  172  of the insert  170 , the diffused liquid proceeds along a tortuous passage (e.g., a spiral passage) through the cartridge insert  170 , as represented by the arrow labeled  130   g , before passing through an outlet zone of the insert  170  and ultimately the cartridge outlet  132  to be discharged from the cartridge  102 ′, as represented by the arrow labeled  130   h . In making this convoluted journey from the expansion chamber  148  to the cartridge outlet  132 , the liquid particle size distribution of the diffused liquid is refined such that only particularly fine particles are successfully discharged from the cartridge  102 ′ with relatively larger particles collecting on one or more surfaces of the internal structures and components of the cartridge  102 ′, or otherwise precipitating out of the gas, for rejoinder with remaining liquid  120  in the liquid reservoir for reintroduction into the gas stream passing through the venturi device  142 . 
     With continued reference to the example embodiment of the replaceable cartridge shown in  FIG.  5   , it will be appreciated that the cartridge housing  134  and internal components of the cartridge  102 ′ may define a plurality of distinct chambers downstream of the venturi device  142  through which the diffused liquid sequentially travels before being discharged from the cartridge  102 ′ and ultimately into a surrounding environment. More particularly, the upper portion  146  of the diffusion head  140  and a lower portion of the insert  170  may define a primary expansion chamber  148  immediately above the venturi device  142 , a secondary chamber may be provided external of the diffusion head  140  and the insert  170  within the internal cavity  135  of the housing  134  above the fluid level L of the liquid  120  to be diffused, and a tertiary chamber may be provided by the tortuous passage  176  of the insert  170 . Passageways or apertures  158  in the upper portion  146  of the diffusion head  140  provide fluid communication between the primary expansion chamber  148  and the secondary chamber. The upper portion  146  of the diffusion head  140  also defines a bulkhead or bulkhead portions  156  that impede the diffused liquid generated by the venturi device  142  from exiting the primary expansion chamber  148  other than through the plurality of passageways or apertures  158 . The inlet  172  of the insert  170  provides fluid communication between the secondary chamber and the tertiary chamber (i.e., the tortuous passage  176 ). Although only one inlet  172  and one tortuous passage  176  is shown providing the sole passage for the diffused liquid to exit the cartridge  102 ′, it is appreciated that a plurality of inlets  172  may be provide to enable diffused liquid to enter one or more tortuous passages leading to the outlet  132  of the cartridge  102 . A gasket  174  may also be positioned between an upper end of the insert  170  and the upper housing cap  137  with the gasket  174  forming a cover over the tortuous passage  176 . 
     The distinct chambers described above (i.e., the primary expansion chamber, the secondary chamber and the tertiary chamber) may collectively assist in refining the composition of the diffused liquid to include only the finest liquid particles as the diffused liquid moves sequentially through the chambers during operation. For instance, by the time the gas-liquid mixture exits from cartridge  102 ′, there has been some residence time in each of the distinct chambers to permit undesirably large liquid particles or droplets to precipitate out of or otherwise separate from the mixture and be returned to the liquid reservoir within the internal cavity  135  of the housing  134  for later atomization and dispersion. In this manner, the removable cartridge  102 ′ and components thereof may provide a cartridge solution for a liquid diffusion appliance  100  which has an efficient form factor that is particularly effective at treating spaces with diffused liquid having extremely small liquid particles. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  5   , a liquid retention device  153 , such as, for example, an open cell foam plug, may be positioned within the gas supply conduit  152  adjacent the venturi device  142  to retain liquid  120  that may pass downward through the venturi device  142  into the gas supply conduit  152 . This may occur during shipping as liquid  120  may move through the intake conduit  119  into the venturi device  142  and unwantedly into the gas supply conduit  152 . In addition, it may occur when stopping the flow of air through the cartridge  102 ′ which may result in some of the liquid expelled into the expansion chamber  148  settling back down into and passing through the venturi device  142 . The liquid retention device  153  may collect liquid  120  that unwantedly passes into the gas supply conduit  152  and retain the liquid  120  therein until the cartridge  102 ′ is used again, at which time the air flowing through the cartridge  102 ′ may clear the liquid  120  from the liquid retention device  153 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  5   , the replaceable cartridge  102 ′ may further comprise an integrated circuit  180  coupled to the cartridge housing  134 , the integrated circuit including memory to store cartridge data associated with the replaceable cartridge  102 . The cartridge data may include, for example, a type of liquid  120  stored in the cartridge  102 ′, an amount of liquid  120  stored in the cartridge, a cartridge identifier from which to authenticate the cartridge  102 ′, and/or other data. The amount of liquid  120  may be measured directly, indirectly or otherwise estimated by usage history data or other techniques. For example, duration and intensity history data associated with the operation of the host appliance  100  and a particular cartridge  102 ′ may be logged and used to estimate the amount of liquid  120  remaining in the cartridge  102 ′. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the integrated circuit  180  may be embedded in or otherwise coupled to a cartridge printed circuit board (PCB)  182 . The cartridge PCB  182  may be coupled to the cartridge housing  134 , such as, for example, by adhesive or other joining techniques or devices. According to the example embodiment of the cartridge  102 ′ shown in  FIG.  5   , the cartridge PCB  182  is located at a bottom end of the cartridge housing  134  and has an annular shape that nests with the bottom end of the cartridge housing  134 . The cartridge PCB  182  further comprises an electrical interface  184  in electrical communication with the integrated circuit  180  to enable retrieval of the cartridge data by an external system contacting the electrical interface  184 . 
     Further details of the air scenting appliance  100  and components thereof will now be described with reference to  FIGS.  1  through  4   . As previously described, the air scenting appliance  100  includes a replaceable cartridge  102  containing liquid  120  to be aerosolized and discharged through a cartridge outlet  132 , a pump  122  operatively coupled to the replaceable cartridge  102  to supply air to the replaceable cartridge  102  to generate the aerosolized compound from the liquid  120 , a control system  128  operatively coupled to the pump  122  for controlling the pump  122  to supply the air to the replaceable cartridge  102  to generate the aerosolized compound and discharge the aerosolized compound from the cartridge outlet  132 , and an appliance housing  101  that accommodates the replaceable cartridge  102 , the pump  122  and the control system  128  therewithin. A foam enclosure  123  or other sound deadening or muffling device may also be provided to surround the pump  122  and suppress or reduce noise generated by the pump  122  during operation. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  through  4   , the air scenting appliance  100  may have a generally or overall cylindrical shape having a vertical central longitudinal axis. The air scenting appliance  100  may be designed, configured, sized, and shaped for operation within a motor vehicle, and to fit in particular within a cup holder within the motor vehicle. The air scenting appliance  100  may include a form factor that is adaptable and/or adjustable to cup holders of different sizes. 
     For example, the air scenting appliance  100  may include a sleeve  202  that extends around and surrounds a bottom portion of the air scenting appliance  100 . In particular, the sleeve  202  may have an inner surface configured to lie flush against an outer surface of a housing  101  of the air scenting appliance  100  and an outer surface configured to engage with a surface of a cup holder  110  within a motor vehicle. For example, the sleeve  202  may have an overall annular or hollow cylindrical shape and may include a plurality of compressible or elastically deformable features such as protrusions or ridges  204  that protrude radially outward from the cylindrical shape of the sleeve  202  and that extend longitudinally along a height of the sleeve  202 . The ridges  204  may be configured to engage with the surface of the cup holder  110  to snugly mount the air scenting appliance  100  within the cup holder  110 , and may compress or deform to different degrees to adapt to slight variations in size of conventional cup holders  110 . In some embodiments, the sleeve  202  may include one, two, three, four, five, six, eight, ten, or more of the ridges  204 , and the ridges  204  may be equally spaced apart from one another around the circumference of the sleeve  202 . In some embodiments, the air scenting appliance  100  may be provided with a plurality of different sleeves  202 , each of the sleeves  202  having a different size (e.g., a different overall diameter or protrusions of different radial depths). In such embodiments, a user of the air scenting device  100  can select one of the plurality of sleeves  202  based on its fit within a particular cup holder  110  of his or her vehicle or vehicles. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS.  1  through  4   , the air scenting appliance  100  may include an electrical port  206 , which may be a USB port, such as a USB Type-C port, through which the air scenting appliance  100  may be communicatively coupled to other electronic devices, such as a built-in electronic component of the automobile, and through which the air scenting appliance  100  may receive sufficient electrical power to drive its operation from other electronic devices, such as the built-in electronic component of the automobile. As illustrated in the figures, the port  206  may be located in a bottom portion of the air scenting appliance  100  and may be accessible from underneath the air-treatment appliance  100 , such that when the air scenting appliance  100  is resting on a flat surface, the port  206  is hidden and not visible. As further illustrated in the figures, the air scenting appliance  100  may include a groove  208  that extends from the port  206 , horizontally along a bottom end of the air scenting appliance  100 , and vertically along an outer side surface of the air scenting appliance  100 , such as along more than half the height of the air scenting appliance  100 . In some embodiments, the sleeve  202  can extend over and around the groove  208  when the sleeve  202  is positioned on the air scenting appliance  100 , and the groove  208  can extend to a location above a top end of the sleeve  202 . When the air scenting appliance  100  is in use, a power and/or communications cable  112  ( FIG.  1   ) can be plugged into the port  206  and extend from the port  206  through the groove  208 , between an outer surface of the housing  101  of the air scenting appliance  100  and an inner surface of the sleeve  202 , outward from the groove  208  at a location above the top end of the sleeve  202 , and to another electronic device such as an electronic system and/or power supply system of a host vehicle. 
     As also illustrated in  FIGS.  1  through  4   , the air scenting appliance  100  may include a ring-shaped or annular dial  107  that extends around an outer periphery of a top end portion of the air scenting appliance  100 . The dial  107  may be configured to be rotated with respect to the rest of the air scenting appliance  100  by a user of the air scenting appliance  100  to adjust a flow rate of air through the air scenting appliance  100  and thereby adjust an intensity of scents produced by the air scenting appliance  100 . For example, the dial  107  may have a protrusion  108  that allows a user to more securely hold and more easily rotate the dial  107  and/or that provides a physical indication of the location of the dial  107  within its range of motion. Thus, if a person wants to adjust operation of the air scenting appliance  100  while driving a motor vehicle, the person can easily do so. Thus, it can be said that the dial  107  allows “blind” operation of the air scenting device  100 . In some implementations, the dial  107  may provide haptic feedback and/or audible feedback to the user as it is rotated. For example, the dial  107  may be coupled to the rest of the air scenting appliance  100  by a plurality of detents or other mechanical features that provide haptic and/or audible feedback (e.g., clicks) as the dial  107  is turned. The appliance  100  may further include a vibration device to provide a vibration or vibrations indicative of changes in intensity settings. A speaker may be provided in some embodiments to provide audible feedback. The feedback may change in duration, intensity or other characteristics with increases in the intensity level, such as from level 0 (no output) to level 10 (maximum output). The changes in intensity level may be stepwise or continuous. Likewise, characteristics of the audible and/or haptic feedback may correspondingly change in a stepwise or continuous manner. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  4   , an inner surface of the dial  107  may include a plurality of teeth  214  and the air scenting appliance  100  may include a gear  216  or other rotary member having teeth complementary to the teeth  214  of the dial  107 . The gear  216  may be coupled to a printed circuit board  218  or otherwise in communication with the printed circuit board  218  of the control system  128  such that rotation of the gear  216  provides a signal to components coupled to or integrated within the printed circuit board  218 , which can be used to control operation of other components of the air scenting appliance  100 , such as of the pump  122 . The dial  107  may also include rotational stops  215  to define and limit the range of motion of the dial  107  relative to the housing  101 . 
     In some embodiments, the air scenting appliance  100  may include one or more accelerometers, such as a three-axis accelerometer, or other sensor which may be coupled to or integrated within the printed circuit board  218 . Thus, when the air scenting appliance  100  is located within a motor vehicle, the accelerometer(s) or other sensor may provide signals indicating that the motor vehicle is operating and in motion. In such embodiments, these signals may be used to turn the air scenting appliance  100  on and off, and/or from a sleep mode to an active mode. For example, the air scenting appliance  100  may be operated in an “automatic” mode, in which the air scenting appliance  100  is modified to an active mode when the signal(s) provided by the accelerometer(s) indicate that the vehicle is in motion, and the air scenting appliance  100  is turned off automatically or modified to a sleep mode when the signal(s) provided by the accelerometer(s) indicate that the vehicle is not in motion. In some embodiments, the air scenting appliance  100  is turned on or modified to an active mode when the signal(s) provided by the accelerometer(s) indicate that the vehicle has been in motion for a threshold period of time, such as 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, or 2 minutes, and the air scenting appliance  100  is turned off automatically or modified to a sleep mode when the signal(s) provided by the accelerometer(s) indicate that the vehicle has not been in motion for a threshold period of time, such as 1 minute, 2 minutes, or 5 minutes. 
     In addition, the air scenting appliance  100  may include one or more accelerometers, such as a three-axis accelerometer, or other sensor, such as a level sensor, which may be coupled to or integrated within the printed circuit board  218  to sense or determine the orientation of the appliance  100 . For example, the one or more accelerometers or level sensor may be used to determine whether the appliance  100  is an upright position or generally upright position (e.g., within 5°, 10°, 15° or 20° from vertical) that is suitable for dispensing scent, or not in an upright position or generally upright position. The air scenting appliance  100  may be modified to or maintained in an active mode when the signal(s) provided by the accelerometer(s) or level sensor indicate that the appliance  100  is in the upright or generally upright position, and the appliance  100  may be turned off automatically or modified to a sleep mode or otherwise deactivated when the signal(s) provided by the accelerometer(s) or level sensor indicate that the appliance  100  is not in the upright or generally upright position. In this manner, the appliance  100  may be turned off, disabled or otherwise prevented from discharging scent when upended or positioned on its side, for example. 
     In some embodiments, the air scenting appliance  100  may also be operated in a “manual” mode, in which the air scenting appliance  100  is turned on and off by an operator interacting with a switch, button, or other physical interface device of the air scenting appliance  100 , such as the dial  107 . In some embodiments, the air scenting appliance  100  may include a switch, button, or other physical interface device that allows the operator to switch between the “automatic” and “manual” modes of operation, or simply to enable or disable the “automatic” mode of operation. In the “manual” made of operation, the appliance  100  may, in some embodiments, still be transitioned to an off or sleep state or otherwise deactivated if the appliance  100  is not detected to be in an upright or generally upright position. In such instances, the appliance  100  may be reactivated by positioning the appliance  100  in an upright or generally upright position. 
       FIG.  6    provides a system diagram, according to one example embodiment, of an air scenting system  400  comprising an air scenting appliance, such as, for example, the example embodiment of the air scenting appliance  100  described above with reference to  FIGS.  1  through  4   , and a replaceable cartridge installable in the appliance  100  and containing a liquid to be discharged as aerosolized matter, such as the replaceable cartridge  102 ,  102 ′ shown in  FIGS.  1  and  5   . As can be appreciated from a review of  FIG.  6   , the appliance  100  may include a control system  128  that is configured to receive one or more control inputs from a physical user interface (e.g., dial  107 ) of the appliance  100  and/or an application interface  402 , which may be provided via a smartphone or other computing device to control the appliance  100  remotely. The control system  128  is operatively coupled to an air source (e.g., pump  122 ) for supplying air flow through the cartridge  102  for generating the aerosolized matter from the liquid contained in the cartridge  102  for discharge into the surrounding environment within a vehicle. In some instances, the cartridge  102  may include a cartridge PCB  182  and an associated integrated circuit  180  for storing cartridge information and enabling the transfer of information between the cartridge  102  and the control system  128  to provide enhanced functionality. In some particularly advantageous embodiments, cartridge information may be obtained by the control system  128  and transmitted to a remote device or devices, such as a smartphone, for displaying various indications, alerts or other information to a user of the appliance  100  based at least in part on the information stored by the cartridge  102  and/or control system  128  of the appliance  100 . 
     It may be noted that the air scenting appliances  100 , replaceable cartridges  102 , and components thereof disclosed herein may include operational control via control system  128  for varying the pressure, flow velocity and/or timing of operation of the onboard air source (e.g., pump  122 ) to provide air flow through the cartridge  102 . In addition to using the control system  128  to alter the amount of liquid diffused or aerosolized by the appliance  100  and the corresponding degree of treatment of a space, the control system  128  may be used to provide other functionality. 
     As previously described, the control system  128  may also be in communication with one or more accelerometers or other sensors for detecting motion of a host vehicle and providing enhanced functionality in view of the same. The control system  128  may also be in communication with one or more accelerometers or other sensors, such as a level sensor, for detecting the orientation of the appliance and providing enhanced functionality in view of the same. 
     In addition, in some instances, the appliance  100  may be communicatively coupled (directly or wirelessly) to an onboard computing and/or control system of the vehicle. In this manner, the appliance  100  may be configured to receive signals from the vehicle indicative of airflow or other conditions within the interior of the vehicle (such as air handler fan speed) and may be configured to adjust operational parameters of the appliance (e.g., intensity level) in accordance with such signals from the vehicle. For example, in an embodiment of such a connected appliance, the appliance may receive an indication of vehicle motion from the onboard computing and/or control system of the vehicle and transition between an active mode and sleep mode based on the same, and/or may vary an operational characteristic of the appliance, such as scent intensity, based at least in part on the same. 
     In connection with the embodiments described herein, it will be also appreciated that various related methods may be provided. For example, one example method implemented by a processor-based electronic liquid diffusion device, such as, for example, the appliance  100  of  FIG.  1   , may be summarized as including: detecting motion or the absence of motion of a host vehicle; and modifying an operational state of the electronic liquid diffusion device based at least in part on the detected motion or the absence of motion. Modifying the operational state of the electronic liquid diffusion device may include transitioning the operational state from an “active mode” in which aerosolized matter may be discharged from the device to a “sleep mode” in which aerosolized matter is unable to be discharged from the device, or vice versa. The transitioning of the operational state may occur after a threshold period of time in which the motion or absence of motion is detected. 
     Another example method implemented by a processor-based electronic liquid diffusion device, such as, for example, the appliance  100  of  FIG.  1   , may be summarized as including: detecting an orientation of the electronic liquid diffusion device; and modifying an operational state of the electronic liquid diffusion device based at least in part on the detected orientation of the appliance. Modifying the operational state of the electronic liquid diffusion device may include transitioning the operational state from an “active mode” in which aerosolized matter may be discharged from the device to a “sleep mode” in which aerosolized matter is unable to be discharged from the device, or vice versa. The operational state of the electronic liquid diffusion device may be transitioned to a “sleep mode” or otherwise disabled, for example, when the orientation of the appliance is detected not in an upright or generally upright position. 
     Yet another example method implemented by a processor-based electronic liquid diffusion device, such as, for example, the appliance  100  of  FIG.  1   , may be summarized as including: receiving a signal from an onboard computing and/or control system of a vehicle related to a characteristic or operational parameter of the vehicle, a vehicle component or an environment of the vehicle; and modifying the operational state of the electronic liquid diffusion device based at least in part on the received signal. Modifying the operational state of the electronic liquid diffusion device may include transitioning the operational state from an “active mode” in which aerosolized matter may be discharged from the device to a “sleep mode” in which aerosolized matter is unable to be discharged from the device, or vice versa. The operational state of the electronic liquid diffusion device may be transitioned to a “sleep mode” or otherwise disabled, for example, when the appliance receives a signal from the vehicle indicative of the vehicle being parked or turned off. Modifying the operational state of the electronic liquid diffusion device may include, for example, adjusting an intensity level of the appliance based at least in part in changes in air handler fan speed. 
     Again, although certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various disclosed embodiments, one skilled in the relevant art will recognize that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. Moreover, aspects and features of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. All of the U.S. patents referred to in this specification and listed in the Application Data Sheet, including but not limited to U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/173,475, filed Apr. 11, 2021, are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary to employ features, structures, functionality or concepts of the various patents to provide yet further embodiments. 
     These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.