Patent Publication Number: US-2023148163-A1

Title: Display device

Description:
This application claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0152922 filed on Nov. 9, 2021 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Disclosure 
     The present disclosure relates to a display device. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Display devices become increasingly important as multimedia technology evolves. Accordingly, a variety of display devices such as liquid-crystal display devices (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diode display devices (OLEDs) are currently being developed. 
     Among display devices, an organic light-emitting display device includes organic light-emitting elements which are self-luminous elements. An organic light-emitting element may include two opposite electrodes and an organic emissive layer interposed therebetween. Electrons and holes supplied from the two electrodes are recombined in the emissive layer to generate excitons, and the generated excitons transit from the excited state to the ground state and generate light. 
     Some display devices may include two opposing substrates, and may further include a polarizing member for controlling visibility of external light on the upper substrate. 
     SUMMARY 
     Aspects of the present disclosure provide a display device that can prevent defects that external light is recognized by way of introducing a simple structure that can prevent warpage of the panel by pressure. 
     It should be noted that objects of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned object; and other objects of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following descriptions. 
     According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a display device comprises a first substrate; a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; a display comprising a light-emitting element, the display being disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a polarizing member disposed above the second substrate; and a cushion layer disposed between the second substrate and the polarizing member. The cushion layer comprises an optically transparent adhesive or optically transparent resin. The polarizing member comprises an adhesive layer coupled to the cushion layer. The cushion layer and the adhesive layer are made of different materials. 
     The cushion layer may have a thickness between 50 μm and 200 μm. 
     The display device may further comprise a reflectance control layer disposed between the display and the cushion layer, wherein the reflectance control layer comprises a plurality of transparent conductive oxide film patterns. The transparent conductive oxide film patterns are separated from one another and are electrically floating. 
     The cushion layer may have an elastic modulus greater than an elastic modulus of the adhesive layer. 
     The cushion layer and the polarizing member may have a same width. 
     The display device may comprise a display area and a non-display area. The cushion layer entirely covers the display area. 
     The cushion layer may have a modulus between 0.17 Mpa and 0.25 Mpa. 
     According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a display device comprises a first substrate; a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; a display comprising a light-emitting element, the display being disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a polarizing member disposed above the second substrate; and a cushion layer disposed between the second substrate and the polarizing member. The cushion layer is adhesive and comprises an optically transparent adhesive or optically transparent resin. The polarizing member is formed of multiple layers stacked on each other and includes a retardation layer as a lowermost layer of the multiple layers. The retardation layer is disposed directly on the cushion layer. The polarizing member has reflectance which changes depending on a wavelength of a light incident on the polarizing member. 
     The display device may further comprise a reflectance control layer disposed between the display and the cushion layer. The reflectance control layer comprises a plurality of transparent conductive oxide film patterns. The transparent conductive oxide film patterns are separated from one another and are floating. 
     According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a display device comprises a first substrate; a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; a display disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a polarizing member disposed above the second substrate; and a reflectance control layer disposed between the display and the polarizing member. The reflectance control layer comprises a plurality of transparent conductive oxide film patterns. The transparent conductive oxide film patterns are separated from one another and are electrically floating. 
     The reflectance control layer may be disposed between the polarizing member and the second substrate. 
     The display device may further comprise a sensor electrode layer disposed between the second substrate and the reflectance control layer. 
     The sensor electrode layer may comprise sensor patterns. Each of the sensor patterns overlaps a corresponding one of the plurality of transparent conductive oxide film patterns. 
     A sum of a thickness of the sensor patterns and a thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns may have a value between 60 nm and 100 nm. 
     The plurality of transparent conductive oxide film patterns may comprise ITO. 
     A thickness of the plurality of transparent conductive oxide film patterns may have a value between 60 nm and 100 nm. 
     The reflectance control layer may further comprise a transparent auxiliary layer disposed on the plurality of transparent conductive oxide film patterns. 
     The transparent auxiliary layer may comprise a silicon oxide film. 
     Each of the plurality of transparent conductive oxide film patterns may have a diamond shape. The transparent conductive oxide film patterns are arranged in a matrix. 
     A distance between adjacent ones of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns may be equal to or greater than 5 nm. 
     According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, a cushion layer absorbs external pressure, so that it is possible to prevent warpage of the display panel by an external pressure. Accordingly, even after pressure is applied, light incident from the outside and reflected off the panel is blocked by a polarizing member, so that the visibility of the display device can be improved. 
     It should be noted that effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those described above and other effects of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following descriptions. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in detail embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a perspective view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    is a plan view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ of  FIG.  2   . 
         FIG.  4    is an enlarged view of area A of  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  5    is an enlarged view of area B of  FIG.  3   . 
         FIGS.  6  and  7    are cross-sectional views showing a change in the shape of a display device by an external pressure. 
         FIG.  8    is an enlarged view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  9    is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  10    is an enlarged view of area C of  FIG.  9   . 
         FIG.  11    is a graph showing relationships between wavelength of light, reflectance of a polarizing member and luminosity. 
         FIG.  12    shows graphs showing the relationships between the wavelength of light and the reflectance, and between the wavelength of light and the transmittance for different thicknesses of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns. 
         FIG.  13    is a graph showing the relationships between the thicknesses of the transparent conductive oxide film pattern and the transparent auxiliary layer, perception of Mura defects, and light transmittance. 
         FIG.  14    is a plan view showing an arrangement of transparent conductive oxide film patterns of a reflectance control layer. 
         FIG.  15    is an enlarged view of area D of  FIG.  14   . 
         FIG.  16    is a cross-sectional view showing a reflectance control layer, a second substrate and a cushion layer according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  17    is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  18    is a schematic plan view of a sensor electrode layer. 
         FIG.  19    is an enlarged view showing area E of  FIG.  18    and the reflectance control layer. 
         FIG.  20    is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′ of  FIG.  19   . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     The invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will filly convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. 
     It will also be understood that when a layer is referred to as being “on” another layer or substrate, it can be directly on the other layer or substrate, or intervening layers may also be. The same reference numbers indicate the same components throughout the specification. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For instance, a first element discussed below could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the invention. Similarly, the second element could also be termed the first element. 
     Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG.  1    is a perspective view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  2    is a plan view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ of  FIG.  2   . 
     A display device  10  shown in  FIGS.  1  to  3    may be employed in a variety of electronic devices including small-and-medium sized electronic devices such as a tablet PC, a smartphone, a vehicle navigation unit, a camera, a center information display (CID) installed in vehicles, a wrist-type electronic device, a personal digital assistant (PMP), a portable multimedia player (PMP) and a game machine, and medium-and-large electronic devices such as a television, an electric billboard, a monitor, a personal computer and a laptop computer. 
     The display device  10  may have a rectangular shape when viewed from the top. The display device  10  may have two shorter sides extended in a direction, and two longer sides extended in another direction crossing the direction. Although the corners where the longer sides and the shorter sides of the display device  10  meet may form a right angle when viewed from the top, this is merely illustrative. The display device  1  may have rounded corners. The shape of the display device  10  when viewed from the top is not limited to that shown in the drawings. The display device  70  may have a square shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape or other shapes. 
     As used herein, a first direction DR 1  may be parallel to the shorter sides of the display device  10 , for example, the horizontal direction of the display device  10 . A second direction DR 2  may be parallel to the longer sides of the display device  10 , for example, the vertical direction of the display device  10  when viewed from the top. A third direction DR 3  may refer to the thickness direction of the display device  10 . 
     The display device  10  may include a display area DA where images are displayed, and a non-display area NDA where no image is displayed. 
     The display area DA may be disposed in the center portion of display device  10 . The display area DA may include a plurality of pixels PX. The plurality of pixels PX may include first pixels PX 1  emitting light of a first color (e.g., red light having a peak wavelength in the range of approximately 610 to 650 nm or a peak wavelength between 610 nm and 650 nm), second pixels PX 2  emitting light of a second color (e.g., green light having a peak wavelength in the range of approximately 510 to 550 nm or a peak wavelength between 510 nm and 550 nm), and third pixels PX 3  emitting light of a third color (e.g., blue light having a peak wavelength in the range of approximately 430 to 470 nm or a peak wavelength between 430 nm and 470 nm). The first pixels PX 1 , the second pixels PX 2  and the third pixels PX 3  may be arranged repeatedly in a row direction and in a column direction. The pixels PX 1 , PX 2  and PX 3  may be arranged in a variety of ways such as stripes and PenTile pattern In addition, each of the pixels may include at least one light-emitting element that emits light of a particular wavelength range to represent a color. 
     The non-display area NDA may be disposed on the outer side of the display area DA. Although the display area DA is formed in a rectangular shape and the non-display area NDA surrounds all of the edges of the display area DA in the drawings, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The non-display area NDA may be eliminated from one or more edges of the display area DA. 
     The display device  10  may include a display panel  11  and a driver circuit  12 . 
     The display panel  11  may include a first substrate  100 , a second substrate  200  facing the first substrate  100 , a display  300  disposed on the first substrate  100 , and a sealing member  110  disposed between the first substrate  100  and the second substrate  200  along their outer positions (or edges). 
     The first substrate  100  supports the display  300 . The first substrate  100  may be formed of a polymer material including glass or plastic. The first substrate  100  may be transparent, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. According to an embodiment, a transparent glass substrate is employed as the first substrate  100 . 
     The second substrate  200  is disposed to face the first substrate  100 . The second substrate  200  may include or may be formed of, but is not limited to, transparent glass. For example, transparent plastic may be employed as the second substrate  200 . 
     The first substrate  100  and the second substrate  200  are disposed parallel to each other. 
     The first substrate  100  generally overlaps with the second substrate  200  in the third direction DR 3  and may protrude from the side surface of the second substrate  200  (a protrusion  100   p  protruding in the second direction DR 2 ). The protrusion  110   p  adjacent to the fourth side of the first substrate  100  may not be covered by the second substrate  200  but may be exposed. 
     A driver may be disposed on the protrusion  110   p  of the first substrate  100 . The driver may include a driver circuit  12  like a chip as shown in the drawings. Alternatively, the driver may include only driving lines without the driver circuit  12  in the form of a chip, and a driver circuit  12  may be mounted thereon or a separate film, printed circuit board or flexible printed circuit board connected thereto may be located at the end of the protrusion  100 P. 
     The sealing member  110  may be disposed between the one surface of the first substrate  100  and the opposite surface of the second substrate  200  to surround the edges of the opposite surface of the second substrate  200 . The sealing member  110  may attach the first substrate  100  to the second substrate  200 , and may seal the space between the first substrate  100  and the second substrate  200 . 
       FIG.  4    is an enlarged view of area A of  FIG.  3   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , the display  300  is disposed on the first surface of the first substrate  100  and displays an image. The display  300  may be one of: a top-emission display that provides image-related light toward the second substrate  200 , a bottom-emission display that provides image-related light toward the rear side of the first substrate  100 , and a dual-emission display that provides image-related light to both front and rear sides. In the following description, a top-emission display will be described as the display  300 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  4   , the display  300  may include a thin-film transistor layer  310 , a light-emitting element layer  320 , and a capping film  330  sequentially disposed on the first substrate  100 . 
     The thin-film transistor layer  310  may include a conductive film, an insulating film and a semiconductor layer  312  forming thin-film transistors, and an insulating film and/or a conductive film disposed above and below them. 
     Specifically, a buffer layer  311  may be disposed on the first substrate  100 , and the semiconductor layer  312  may be disposed on the buffer layer  311 . 
     A gate insulator  316  may be disposed on the semiconductor layer  312 , and a first conductive layer including a gate electrode  313  that at least partially overlaps the semiconductor layer  312  may be disposed on the gate insulator  316 . 
     An interlayer dielectric film  317  may be disposed on the first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer including a data line, a source electrode  314  and a drain electrode  315  may be disposed on the interlayer dielectric film  317 . The source electrode  314  and the drain electrode  315  are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer  312  through a contact hole  733  penetrating the interlayer dielectric film  317  and the gate insulator  316 . The semiconductor layer  312 , the gate electrode  313 , the source electrode  314  and the drain electrode  315  described above may form a thin-film transistor. 
     A passivation film  318  may be disposed on the second conductive layer, and a planarization film  319  may be disposed on the passivation film  318 . 
     The light-emitting element layer  320  may be disposed on the thin-film transistor layer  310 . The light-emitting element layer  320  may include light-emitting elements each including an anode electrode  321 , an emission layer  322  and a cathode electrode  323 , and a pixel-defining film  324 . 
     Specifically, an anode electrode  321  may be disposed on the planarization film  319 . The anode electrode  321  may be a pixel electrode. The anode electrode  321  may be connected to the source electrode  314  or the drain electrode  315  of the thin-film transistor layer  310  through the contact hole  733  penetrating the planarization film  319  and the passivation film  318 . 
     The pixel-defining film  324  is disposed on the anode electrode  321 . The pixel-defining film  324  includes an opening via which at least a part of the anode electrode  321  is exposed. The bank layer  324  may include or may be formed of an organic material or an inorganic material. 
     An emissive layer  322  may be disposed on the anode electrode  321  exposed by the pixel-defining film  324 . According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the emissive layer  322  may include an organic, emissive layer and may further include hole injection/transport layers and/or electron injection/transport layers as auxiliary layers to facilitate emission. It should be understood, however, that the present disclosure is not limited thereto. An inorganic emissive layer including an inorganic semiconductor may be included as the emissive layer  322 . 
     The cathode electrode  323  may be disposed on the emissive layer  322 . The cathode electrode  323  may be a common electrode. 
     The above-described anode electrode  321 , the emissive layer  322  and the cathode electrode  323  may form a light-emitting diode. 
     The capping film  330  may be disposed on the cathode electrode  323 . The capping film  330  may protect the underlying elements. 
     Referring back to  FIG.  3    the second substrate  200  is disposed above the display  300 . The display  300  may be spaced apart from the second substrate  200 , and the space therebetween may be filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas. It is, however, to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The space between the second substrate  200  and the display  300  may be filled with a filler made of a solid material, etc. 
     The display device  10  may further include a polarizing member  500  and a cushion layer  400  disposed on the display panel  11 . Specifically, the cushion layer  400  may be disposed on one surface of the second substrate  200 , and the polarizing member  500  may be disposed on one surface of the cushion layer  400 . The polarizing member  500  and the cushion layer  400  may have the same shape and size when viewed from the top and may be disposed to overlap each other. The polarizing member  500  and the cushioning layer  400  may have the same size and the same shape as the second substrate  200  when viewed from the top. For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the side surfaces of the second substrate  200 , the side surfaces of the cushion layer  400  and the side surfaces of the polarizing member  500  may be aligned with one another when viewed from the top. When the shape of one surface of the second substrate  200  forming the display device  10  is rectangular, the opposite surface of the cushion layer  400  may also have a rectangular shape conforming to the shape of the one surface of the second substrate  200 . The cushion layer  400  may have a generally rectangular parallelepiped shape. It should be understood, however, that the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The polarizing member  500  and the cushion layer  400  may be smaller than the second substrate  200 , and accordingly the side surfaces thereof may be located more to the inside than the side surfaces of the second substrate  200 . Each of the polarizing member  500  and the cushion layer  400  may have a size enough to cover at least the display area DA. In an embodiment, the cushion layer  400  may entirely cover at least the display area. 
     The cushion layer  400  may be disposed directly on one surface of the second substrate  200 . According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the cushion layer  400  may include or may be formed of an adhesive material and may be attached directly to the surface of the second substrate  200 . In addition, the polarizing member  500  may be disposed directly on the cushion layer  400 , and may be attached directly to the surface of the cushion layer  400  because the cushion layer  400  may be adhesive. However, the arrangement relationship of the second substrate  200 , the cushion layer  400  and the polarizing member  500  is not limited to that described above, but another layer or an adhesive member may be further disposed between the elements stacked on one another. 
       FIG.  5    is an enlarged view of area B of  FIG.  3   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , the polarizing member  500  may include an adhesive layer  550 , a retardation layer  540 , a second protective layer  530 , a polarization layer  520 , and a first protective layer  510 . In an embodiment, the polarizing member  500  may be formed of multiple layers staked on each other. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , an adhesive layer  550  may be disposed at the bottom of the polarizing member  500 , a retardation layer  540  may be disposed on one surface of the adhesive layer  550 , a second protective layer  530  may be disposed on one surface of the retardation layer  540 , a polarization layer  520  may be disposed on one surface of the second protective layer  530 , and a first protective layer  510  may be disposed on one surface of the polarization layer  520 . For example, the polarizing member  500  may include the adhesive layer  550 , the retardation layer  540 , the second protective layer  530 , the polarization layer  520  and the first protective layer  510  sequentially stacked on one another in the third direction DR 3 . In an embodiment, the adhesive layer  550  may be the lowermost layer among the multiple layers of the polarizing member  500 , and the first protective layer  510  may be the uppermost layer among the multiple layers of the polarizing member  500 . The adhesive layer  550  may contact the cushion layer  400 . 
     The first protective layer  510  and the second protective layer  530  serve to protect the polarization layer  520 . The first protective layer  510  may be disposed on one surface of the polarization layer  520 , and the second protective layer  530  may be disposed on the opposite surface of the polarization layer  520 . The polarization layer  520  is sandwiched between the first protective layer  510  and the second protective layer  530  so that it can be protected by them. The first protective layer  510  and the second protective layer  530  may be disposed directly on the surface and the opposite surface of the polarization layer  520 , respectively, or may be disposed with adhesive layers therebetween. 
     The first protective layer  510  and the second protective layer  530  may be films including thermoplastic resins, e.g., a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene isophthalate and polybutylene terephthalate; a cellulose resin such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC) and diacetyl cellulose; a polycarbonate-based resin; an acrylic resins such as polymethyl (meth) acrylate and polyethyl (meth) acrylate; a styrenic resin such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer; a polyolefin resin having a polyethylene, polypropylene, cyclo-based or norbornene structure; a polyolefin resin such as an ethylene propylene copolymer; a vinyl chloride resin; a polyamide resin such as nylon and aromatic polyamide; an imide resin; a polyethersulfone resin; a sulfone resin; a polyetherketone resin; a sulfide polyphenylene resin; a vinyl alcohol resin; a vinylidene chloride resin; a vinyl butyral resin; an allylate resin; a polyoxymethylene resin; epoxy resin, or films including a blend of the thermoplastic resins. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the first protective layer  510  and the second protective layer  530  may have a relatively small thickness of approximately 20 μm or less, or may have a relatively large thickness of approximately 20 μm to 50 μm depending on the configuration of the display device  10  including the polarizing member  500 . 
     The surface of the first protective layer  510  forming the top layer of the polarizing member  500  may be additionally treated. For example, the surface of the first protective layer  510  may be subjected to a low-reflection treatment, an anti-glare treatment, an anti-fingerprint treatment, and/or a hard coating treatment. 
     The polarization layer  520  may be a layer that polarizes incident light, and may be a linear polarization layer. The polarization layer  520  may have an absorption axis and a transmission axis perpendicular to each other, and may absorb polarization components parallel to the absorption axis while transmitting polarization components parallel to the transmission axis. Accordingly, the polarization layer  520  may linearly polarize the incident light in the same direction as its transmission axis to output it. The polarization layer  520  may exhibit polarization properties as iodine ion chains are aligned by oriented polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains. In an embodiment, the polarization layer  520  may exhibit polarization properties as dichroic dyes are aligned by the oriented polyvinyl alcohol chains. In an embodiment, the polarization layer  520  may exhibit polarization properties by a polyene-based material formed by a dehydration reaction of polyvinyl alcohol or a dehydrochlorination reaction of polyvinyl chloride. 
     The thickness of the polarization layer  520  may be, but is not limited to, 5 to 40 μm. 
     The retardation layer  540  is disposed on the opposite surface of the second protective layer  530 . The retardation layer  540  is a layer that changes the phase of light. The retardation layer  540  may delay the phase of the light linearly polarized by the polarization layer  520  to change the polarization state (elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light). The retardation layer  540  may include or may be formed of a quarter wave plate (QWP) having λ/4 plate characteristics. When the retardation layer  540  is implemented using a quarter wave plate, the quarter wave plate may include or may be a cyclo olefin polymer (COP) film, a tri-acetyl cellulose (TAC) film, a polycabonate (PC) film, etc. The COP film, the TAC film and the PC film may be stretchable in the left-and-right and back-and-forth directions, or may be stretchable in oblique directions. The thickness of the COP film, the TAC film and the PC film may range from approximately 15 μm to 45 μm or may have a value between 15 μm and 45 μm. In addition, the quarter wave plate may be implemented as a layer coated with a liquid-crystal compound without using a separate film. In other words, the quarter wave plate may include or may be formed of a liquid-crystal compound. As such, when the quarter wave plate is implemented using the liquid-crystal compound, the quarter wave plate may have a thickness of approximately 2 μm. 
     The adhesive layer  550  may be disposed at the bottom of the polarizing member  500  to attach the retardation layer  540  to the cushion layer  400 . Accordingly, the polarizing member  500  may be fixed on the surface of the cushion layer  400  by the adhesive layer  550 . The adhesive layer  550  may be, but is not limited to, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA). For example, the adhesive layer  550  may be formed of a typical adhesive such as acrylic-, silicone-, polyester-, polyurethane-, polyamide-, polyether-, fluorine-, or rubber-based adhesive. The thickness of the adhesive layer  550  may be, but is not limited to, 30 μm or less. 
     The cushion layer  400  serves to reduce the influence of the pressure applied to the display device  10  from the outside on the display panel  11 . According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the cushion layer  400  may include or may be formed of an optically clear adhesive (OCA) or an optically clear resin (OCR). The cushion layer  400  may include or may be formed of a photocurable resin such as acrylic or a (meth)acrylic compound. The photocurable resin may further include a photoinitiator that generates free radicals or ions by light stimulation such as ultraviolet rays. Examples of the photoinitiator may include alpha-hydroxyketone, mono-oxide, benzophenone, thioxanthone, ketosulfone, benzyl ketal, phenylglyoxylate, borate, titanocene, and oxime ester photoinitiators, etc. In an embodiment, the cushion layer  400  and the adhesive layer  550  of the polarizing member  500  may be made of different materials from each other. For example, the cushion layer  400  may include or may be formed of an optically transparent adhesive or optically transparent resin, and the polarizing member  500  may include an adhesive layer  550  which is different from the optically transparent adhesive or optically transparent resin of the cushion layer  400 . 
     It is advantageous for the cushion layer  400  to have a sufficient thickness for elasticity/restoration/shock absorption. For example, the thickness of the cushion layer  400  may be greater than the thickness of the adhesive layer  550 . By increasing the thickness of the cushion layer  400 , it is possible to reduce the influence on the cushion layer  400  and the layers under the cushion layer  400  by an external pressure. For example, it may be assumed that a pressure is applied to the surface of the display device  10  while a user touches or rubs the display device  10  and thus the thickness of the display device  10  is compressed by 10 μm. It is assumed that thickness compression of the display device  10  is resulted only from the thickness of the cushion layer  400 . The rate of change in thickness depending on the thickness of the cushion layer  400  may be determined under the assumption. When the thickness of the cushion layer  400  is 30 μm, the cushion layer  400  is compressed from 30 μm to 20 μm, and thus the rate of change in thickness of the cushion layer  400  is 33.33%. When the thickness of the cushion layer  400  is 60 μm, the cushion layer  400  is compressed from 60 μm to 50 μm, and thus the rate of change in thickness of the cushion layer  400  is 16.67%. As described above, by increasing the thickness of the cushion layer  400 , it is possible to reduce the rate of change in the thickness of the cushion layer  400  versus the pressure. At the same pressure applied to the surface of the display device  10 , when the rate of change in the thickness of the cushion layer  400  decreases, the pressure applied to the molecules of the cushion layer  400  may be reduced. Accordingly, the pressure transmitted to the panel disposed on the opposite surface of the cushion layer  400  may be reduced. Accordingly, in terms of shock mitigation, it is advantageous that the cushion layer  400  has a large thickness. When the cushion layer  400  is attached to another layer, bubbles may occur between the cushion layer  400  and the layer. If the thickness of the cushion layer  400  is increased, it is possible to suppress bubbles between the cushion layer  400  and the second substrate  200  and between the cushion layer  400  and the polarizing member  500 . 
     If the cushion layer  400  is too thick, however, there may arise a problem of a phase delay of light, and the thickness of the display device  10  is increase and thus the weight of the display device  10  may increase. In an embodiment, the thickness of the cushion layer  400  may range from 50 μm to 200 μm or may have a value between 50 μm and 200 μm. 
     The cushion layer  400  may have a sufficient elastic modulus. For example, the cushion layer  400  may have a greater elastic modulus than the adhesive layer  550  thereon. In addition, the cushion layer  400  may have a greater elastic modulus than all of the layers forming the polarizing member  500 . For example, the elastic modulus of the cushion layer  400  may be, but is not limited to, in the range of 0.17 Mpa to 0.25 Mpa or may have a value between 0.17 Mpa and 0.25 Mpa. As such, when the elastic modulus of the cushion layer  400  is large, the cushion layer  400  itself can absorb most of a pressure applied to the surface of the display device  10 , and can be restored to the original shape of the cushion layer  400  as soon as the pressure is removed. That is to say, when a pressure is applied to the surface of the display device  10 , the pressure is transmitted to the cushion layer  400 , and the cushion layer  400  contracts by a certain thickness in response to the transmitted pressure. An elastic force is generated in the cushion layer  400  in the direction opposite to the contraction direction in proportion to the contraction distance. When the pressure is removed, the portion contracted by the elastic force returns to its original shape. The elastic force of the cushion layer  400  in the third direction DR 3  may be proportional to the elastic modulus of the cushion layer  400  and the amount of change in the thickness of the cushion layer  400 . 
     As the cushion layer  400  can restore quickly, the paths of reflected external light can work as designed or the cushion layer  400  can minimize distortion of the paths of reflected light. More detailed description thereof will be given with reference to  FIGS.  6  and  7   . 
       FIGS.  6  and  7    are cross-sectional views showing a change in the shape of a display device by an external pressure. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  6  and  7   , different pressures may be applied to the display device  10  in different usage environments, such as rubbing the display device  10  with a hand depending. It is assumed that an external pressure is applied to the surface of the display device  10  in the third direction DR 3 . When an external pressure is applied to the display device  10 , the external pressure is applied directly to the surface of the polarizing member  500  located at the outermost position in the third direction DR 3 . The pressure applied to the surface of the polarizing member  500  is sequentially applied to the layers forming the polarizing member  500 , and the pressure may be transmitted to the surface of the cushion layer  400  disposed on the opposite surface of the polarizing member  500 . 
     When the pressure is applied to the surface of the cushion layer  400 , a portion of the cushion layer  400  that receives the pressure may contract in the same direction as the pressure. The cushion layer  400  may apply a pressure to one surface of the second substrate  200  stacked on the opposite surface of the cushion layer  400 , and the surface of the second substrate  200  may apply a pressure to the cushion layer  400  in the opposite direction to the external pressure as the reaction. As the cushion layer  400  contracts, an elastic force is generated in the direction opposite to the contraction direction. The contraction of the cushion layer  400  may proceed until the external pressure becomes equal to the sum of the elastic force and the pressure applied to the cushion layer  400  by the surface of the second substrate  200 . When the pressure generated in daily life, such as rubbing the display device  10  by hand, acts as an external pressure, the elastic force due to the contraction of the cushion layer  400  is not significantly different from the external pressure. Therefore, the pressure applied to the cushion layer  400  by the surface of the second substrate  200  has a small value, and the pressure applied to the surface of the second substrate  200  by the cushion layer  400  as reaction may have such a small value that the second substrate  200  can withstand while maintaining its shape. As described above, by using the elastic force of the cushion layer  400 , it is possible to reduce the influence of external pressure applied to the surface of the second substrate  200  and the elements thereunder. Accordingly, even when a pressure is applied from the outside of the display device  10 , the shape of the display panel  11  including the second substrate  200  may be maintained. 
     When the external pressure is removed, the contracted cushion layer  400  still has the elastic force in the third direction DR 3 , and the cushion layer  400  may be restored to its original shape by the elastic force. While the external pressure applied to the surface of the polarizing member  500  is removed, the cushion layer  400  still applies upward pressure on the opposite surface of the polarizing member  500  by elastic force, and thus the polarizing member  500  can also restore to its original shape. 
     The cushion layer  400  and the polarizing member  500 , which have become flat due to the elastic force of the cushion layer  400 , no longer receive external pressure or elastic force except for gravity and normal force, so they can maintain their original flat shape. In this manner, the external and internal shapes of the display device  10  can be maintained before and after external pressure is applied, and thus the courses that light is incident from the outside of the display panel  11 , is polarized, is reflected and is blocked can be maintained before and after external pressure is applied. 
     When the polarizing member  500  is disposed on the surface of the display device  10 , external light diminishes in the course that the external light is incident and reflected, and the internal light may pass through the polarizing member  500  and can be recognized from the outside. Specifically, external light is incident on the display device  10  as the sum of randomly polarized lights, passes through the polarization layer  520  and is absorbed by the polarization layer  520 , such that only the light vibrating in the same direction as the transmission axis of the polarization layer  520  may pass through the polarization layer  520 . Light that has passed through the polarization layer  520  passes through the retardation layer  540  to be circularly polarized, and is reflected from the surface or the inside of the display panel  11 , such that the phase is reversed. The reflected light passes through the retardation layer  540 , is linearly polarized in the direction perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarization layer  520 , and is entirely absorbed in the linearly polarization layer and thus may not be recognized from the outside. On the other hand, internal light is still the sum of randomly polarized lights even after passing through the retardation layer  540 , and the light passing through the polarization layer  520  and vibrating in the same direction as the transmission axis of the polarization layer  520  may pass through the polarization layer  520  and may be recognized from the outside. 
     When the display panel  11  is warped or pressed by an external pressure, the reflection distance of the incident light may be changed or the retardation value of the light may become different from the designed retardation value in the course that light is reflected in the display panel  11 , and thus the external light may not be sufficiently absorbed by the polarizing member  500 . In contrast, when the cushion layer  400  is disposed on the opposite surface of the polarizing member  500  as described above, the display panel  11  is not bent by virtue of the cushion layer  400  even after an external pressure is applied, so that the display device  10  can maintain the thickness and the curvature before and after the external pressure is applied. As a result, it is possible to prevent that the external light is reflected inside the display device  10  and recognized from the outside. In this manner, it is possible to improve the visibility of the display device  10  irrespective of the influence of external pressure and address the problem of light blur caused by external light. 
       FIG.  8    is an enlarged view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     In  FIG.  8   , a polarizing member  500  may include no adhesive layer  550  of  FIG.  5   , and instead, the lower surface of the polarizing member  500  may be attached directly to one surface of a cushion layer  400 . Specifically, as shown in  FIG.  8   , the polarizing member  500  according to an embodiment includes a retardation layer  540 , a second protective layer  530 , a polarization layer  520  and a first protective layer  510  sequentially stacked on one another. The retardation layer  540  forms the bottom layer of the polarizing member  500 . The retardation layer  540  is disposed directly on one surface of the cushion layer  400 . The cushion layer  400  includes or is a layer having an adhesive force such an optically clear adhesive (OCA), an optically transparent resin (OCR), and an acrylic adhesive, so that the retardation layer  540  can be directly fixed on the surface of the cushion layer  400 . Therefore, even though the polarizing member  500  does not include the adhesive layer  550  of  FIG.  5    at the bottom, the cushion layer  400  disposed on the opposite surface of the polarizing member  500  can attach the polarizing member  500  to the second substrate  200 . In an embodiment, the polarizing member  500  may be formed of multiple layers stacked on each other. The retardation layer  540  may be the lowermost layer of the multiple layers of the polarizing member  500 , and the first protective layer  510  may be the uppermost layer of the multiple layers of the polarizing member  500 . 
     According to an embodiment, by disposing the cushion layer  400  directly on the bottom layer of the polarizing member  500  without the adhesive layer  550 , the polarizing member  500  and the cushioning layer  400  can be formed integrally. As a result, the process of fabricating the polarizing member  500  including the cushion layer  400  can become simpler and the materials consumed can be saved. 
       FIG.  9    is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     A display device  10  according to an embodiment is different from that of the embodiment of  FIG.  3    in that a reflectance control layer  600  is further disposed between a display  300  and a polarizing member  500 . 
     Specifically, the reflectance control layer  600  is disposed on one surface or the opposite surface of the second substrate  200 , and a cushion layer  400  is disposed on one surface of the reflectance control layer  600 . The reflectance control layer  600  may be disposed directly on the surface of the second substrate  200 , and the cushion layer  400  may be disposed directly on one surface of the reflectance control layer  600 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the reflectance control layer  600  may be disposed on the opposite surface of the second substrate  200 , and a cushion layer may be disposed on one surface of the second substrate  200 . 
       FIG.  10    is an enlarged view of area C of  FIG.  9   , and is a cross-sectional view showing the reflectance control layer, the second substrate and the cushion layer. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10   , the reflectance control layer  600  includes a plurality of transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 , and a first transparent auxiliary layer  620  and a second transparent auxiliary layer  630  surrounding the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  under and over them, respectively. Specifically, the first transparent auxiliary layer  620  is disposed on one surface of the second substrate  200 , the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  are disposed on the first transparent auxiliary layer  620 , and the second transparent auxiliary layer  630  is disposed thereon. The cushion layer  400  may be disposed on the surface of the second transparent auxiliary layer  630 . The reflectance control layer  600  is in direct contact with the surface of the second substrate  200  and the opposite surface of the cushion layer  400  in the example shown in  FIG.  10   , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, a separate inorganic insulating film (or inorganic layer) may be disposed on the surface of the second substrate  200 , the reflectance control layer  600  may be disposed thereon, another layer may be disposed on the surface of the reflectance control layer  600 , and the cushion layer  400  may be disposed thereon. In addition, the reflectance control layer  600  may be disposed on the opposite surface of the second substrate  200  instead of on the one surface of the second substrate  200 . 
     The plurality of transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may include or may be formed of ITO, IZO, or ZO. Each of the first transparent auxiliary layer  620  and the second transparent auxiliary layer  630  may be, but is not limited to, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, etc. The first transparent auxiliary layer  620  and the second transparent auxiliary layer  630  may include or may be formed of, but is not limited to, the same material. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may include or may be formed of ITO, and each of the first transparent auxiliary layer  620  and the second transparent auxiliary layer  630  may include or may be a silicon oxide film. 
     The transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  work as the main reflectance control layer, while the first transparent auxiliary layer  620  and the second transparent auxiliary layer  630  assist in adjusting the reflectance by the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 . 
     The thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may range from 60 nm to 100 nm or may have a value between 60 nm and 100 nm. For example, the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may be 80 nm. 
     The thickness of the reflectance control layer  600  may be adjusted to approximately 10 times the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 . For example, the reflectance control layer  600  may have a thickness of 5 to 15 times the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 . For example, the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may range from 60 nm to 100 nm or may have a value between 60 nm and 100 nm, and the thickness of the reflectance control layer  600  may range from 600 nm to 1,000 nm or may have a value between 600 nm and 1,000 nm. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transparent conductive oxide film pattern  610  and the reflectance control layer  600  may have thicknesses of approximately 80 nm and approximately 800 nm, respectively. 
     The thickness of the second transparent auxiliary layer  630  may be larger than that of the first transparent auxiliary layer  620  as shown in  FIG.  10   . It should be understood, however, that the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the thickness of the second transparent auxiliary layer  630  may be equal to the thickness of the first transparent auxiliary layer  620 , or rather the thickness of the second transparent auxiliary layer  630  may be greater than the thickness of the first transparent auxiliary layer  620 . 
       FIG.  11    is a graph showing relationships between wavelength of light, reflectance of a polarizing member and luminosity.  FIG.  12    shows graphs showing the relationships between the wavelength of light and reflectance, and between the wavelength of light and the transmittance for different thicknesses of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  11  and  12   , the polarizing member  500  may be subjected to low-reflection treatment without a hard coating layer on its surface. In this instance, the polarizing member  500  may have different reflectance depending on the wavelength of the incident light. For example, in a display device including the polarizing member that has been subjected to low-reflection treatment, the reflectance of the polarizing member  500  greatly increases when the wavelength of light is below 400 nm or above 600 nm, and the polarizing member  500  may have the minimum reflectance at the wavelength of light of 500 nm. 
     In contrast, referring to  FIG.  12   , the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  such as ITO has a low reflectance and a high transmittance when the wavelength of light is below 400 nm or above 600 nm, and has a high reflectance and a low transmittance when the wavelength of light is above 400 nm or below 600 nm. As can be seen from the graphs shown in  FIG.  12   , when the thickness of ITO is 50 nm, the maximum reflectance and the minimum transmittance are exhibited when the wavelength of incident light is 430 nm, while when the thickness of ITO is 80 nm, the maximum reflectance and the minimum transmittance are exhibited at the wavelength of 470 nm which is relatively close to 500 nm that is the wavelength of light exhibiting the lowest reflectance of the polarizing member  500 . Accordingly, it is possible to more efficiently adjust the differences in the reflectance and the transmittance according to the wavelengths of the incident light when the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  such as ITO in the reflectance control layer  600  is approximately 80 nm. Specifically, when the reflectance control layer  600  including the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  is disposed on the opposite surface of the polarizing member  500 , incident light is reflected once off the surface of the polarizing member  500 , and the light having passed through the polarizing member  500  may be reflected off the surfaces of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 . By disposing the reflectance control layer  600  including the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  with the thickness of 80 nm, the polarizing member  500  and the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  can complement each other in light of the reflectance and the transmittance, and the reflectance and transmittance according to the wavelength can be more efficiently adjusted, so that the difference in reflectance and transmittance according to the wavelength of the incident light can be reduced. 
       FIG.  13    is a graph showing the relationships between the thicknesses of the transparent conductive oxide film pattern and the transparent auxiliary layer, perception of Mura defects, and light transmittance. 
     As shown in  FIG.  13   , by disposing the reflectance control layer  600  in the display device  10 , it is possible to reduce Mura defects due to external pressure. Specifically, the horizontal axis represents the components of the reflectance control layer and thickness of each of the components, and the vertical axis represents perception of Mura defects and transmittance. In addition, each of the bars in the graph represents the wavelength of external lights incident on the display device. 
     If the display panel  11  is warped by an external pressure, elliptically polarized light is generated while external light is reflected at the display panel  11 , and thus the reflected light is not completely absorbed by the polarization layer  520  so that it may be recognized as Mura defects from the outside when the reflected light exits. The degree to which such Mura defects are recognized is defined as perception of Mura defects. 
     As can be seen from the graph, perception of Mura defects is the most severe when the wavelength of external light is 550 nm, perception of Mura defects is the smallest when the wavelength is 450 nm, and perception of Mura defects is approximately median when the wavelength is 650 nm. In an embodiment, the perception of Mura defects at the wavelength of 650 nm may be approximately half of the perception of Mura defects at the wavelength of 550 nm. 
     When the vertical axis value of each horizontal axis variable is compared with the reference, SiO 2  has insignificant influence on the transmittance and the perception of Mura defects. On the other hand, ITO reduces the transmittance and the perception of Mura defects. When there is only ITO with the thickness of 80 nm and when there are ITO with the thickness of 80 nm together with SiO 2  with the thickness of 400 nm, the perception of Mura defects was 0.44 and the transmittance was 89%, exhibiting the lowest perception of Mura defects and transmittance. 
     When the reflectance control layer  600  is added to the display device  10 , the difference in reflectance according to the wavelength can be reduced, and the light passing through the polarizing member  500  may be reflected off the reflectance control layer  600  before it reaches the warped display panel  11 . Accordingly, elliptically polarized light is not generated by the bent display panel  11 , so that the perception of Mura defects may be reduced. When the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  such as ITO is 80 nm, the perception of Mura defects may be reduced from 0.58 to 0.44. Accordingly, by disposing the reflectance control layer  600  on the surface of the second substrate  200  to reduce the perception of Mura defects, it is possible to suppress Mura from being recognized due to an external pressure. 
       FIG.  14    is a plan view showing an arrangement of transparent conductive oxide film patterns of a reflectance control layer.  FIG.  15    is an enlarged view of area D of  FIG.  14   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  14  and  15   , the reflectance control layer  600  may include a plurality of transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  in the display area DA in the reflectance control layer  600 . Although the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  are disposed only in the display area DA but not in the non-display area NDA in the plan view, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may be evenly disposed in the non-display area NDA as well as the display area DA. 
     The transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may be separated from one another and disposed independently. None of the drivers of the display device  10  may be connected to the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 . The transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  spaced apart from one another may be electrically floating and thus no voltage in the display device  10  may be directly applied thereto. In an embodiment, the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may not be directly connected to a conductive line or pattern to which a voltage is applied in the display device  10 . For example, the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may be electrically isolated from a conductive line or pattern to which a voltage from a voltage source in the display device  10  is applied. 
     The size of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may be several tens to several thousand times the size of the pixels, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the size of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may be less than or equal to ten times the size of the pixels, but even in this case, the size of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may be three times or greater than that of the pixels. 
     The transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  have an island structure as a whole. The distance between the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may have a value greater than or equal to a process margin that allows them to be separated stably. For example, the distance between the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may be 5 nm or more. It should be noted that it is advantageous that the distance between the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  is small as long as they can be separated reliably because the area covered by the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  is increased. 
       FIGS.  14  and  15    show an example of the shape of transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  when viewed from the top. As shown in  FIGS.  14  and  15   , the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  each having a diamond shape may be arranged in a matrix, so that they may have a substantially similar shape to that of ITO electrodes used for touch electrodes. However, the diamond shapes are different from the ITO electrodes used for the touch electrodes in that they are not connected with one another but are separated from one another. Although the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  in the diamond shape are arranged in a matrix in the example shown in  FIGS.  14  and  15   , the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may have different sizes and/or shapes, or may be spaced apart from one another by different distances. 
       FIG.  16    is a cross-sectional view showing a reflectance control layer, a second substrate and a cushion layer according to an embodiment. 
     A display device  10  according to an embodiment is different from that of the embodiment of  FIG.  10    in that transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  are disposed directly on one surface of a second substrate  200 . 
     Specifically, the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  are disposed at the bottom of a reflectance control layer  600 , and accordingly the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  are disposed directly on one surface of the second substrate  200 , and a second transparent auxiliary layer  630  is disposed over the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 , and a cushion layer may be disposed on the second transparent auxiliary layer  630 . 
     Since the first transparent auxiliary layer  620  has insignificant influence on the light transmittance and the perception of Mura defects as described above with reference to  FIG.  13   , it is possible to reduce differences in reflectance according to the wavelength and to suppress the perception of Mura defects, as described with reference to  FIG.  10   , even when the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  are disposed without the first transparent auxiliary layer  620  of  FIG.  10   . 
     By disposing the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  directly without the first transparent auxiliary layer  620  at the bottom layer of the reflectance control layer  600 , the process of fabricating the reflectance control layer  600  can become simpler, and the fabrication process efficiency can be improved by saving the processing time. 
       FIG.  17    is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     A display device  10  according to an embodiment is different from that of the embodiment of  FIG.  9    in that a sensor electrode layer  700  is further disposed between the second substrate  200  and the reflectance control layer  600 . 
     Specifically, a sensor electrode layer  700  is disposed on one surface of the second substrate  200 , a reflectance control layer  600  is disposed on one surface of the sensor electrode layer  700 , and a cushion layer  400  is disposed on one surface of the reflectance control layer  600 . The sensor electrode layer  700  may be disposed directly on the surface of the second substrate  200 , and the reflectance control layer  600  may be disposed directly on the surface of the sensor electrode layer  700 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  18    is a schematic plan view of a sensor electrode layer.  FIG.  19    is an enlarged view showing area E of  FIG.  18    and the reflectance control layer. 
     Referring to  FIG.  18   , the sensor electrode layer  700  may include a base layer  710  including a sensing area SA capable of sensing a touch input and a non-sensing area NSA surrounding at least a part of the sensing area SA. 
     The base layer  710  may be made of reinforced glass, transparent plastic, or a transparent film. In some implementations, the base layer  710  may be eliminated. 
     The sensing area SA may be located at the central area of the base layer  710  so that it overlaps the display area DA of the display panel  11 . The sensing area SA may have a shape substantially identical to the shape of the display area DA, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The sensor electrodes for sensing a touch input are disposed in the sensing area SA. 
     The non-sensing area NSA may be located at the peripheral area of the base layer  710  so that it overlaps the non-display area NDA of the display panel  11 . Sensing lines  760  electrically connected to the sensor electrodes to receive and transmit a sensing signal may be disposed in the non-sensing area NSA. In addition, a pad area  770  may be located in the non-sensing area NSA which is connected to the sensing lines  760  and electrically connected to the sensor electrodes of the sensing area SA. The pad area  770  may include a plurality of pads  771 . 
     The sensor electrodes may include a plurality of sensor patterns  730  and first and second bridge patterns  750 . 
     The sensor patterns  730  may include a plurality of first sensor patterns  731  and a plurality of second sensor patterns  732  electrically insulated from the first sensor patterns  731 . 
     The first sensor patterns  731  may be arranged in the first direction DR 1  and may be electrically connected to the adjacent first sensor patterns  731  by first bridge patterns  740  to form at least one sensor row. The second sensor patterns  732  may be arranged in the second direction DR 2  intersecting the first direction DR 1  and may be electrically connected to the adjacent second sensor patterns  732  by second bridge patterns  750  to form at least one sensor column. 
     The first sensor patterns  731  and the second sensor patterns  732  may be electrically connected to a single pad  771  through the respective sensing lines  760 . 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensor electrode layer  700  may sense a change in mutual capacitance formed between the first sensor patterns  731  and the second sensor patterns  732  to recognize a user&#39;s touch. 
     The first bridge patterns  740  may serve to electrically connect between the first sensor patterns  731  arranged in parallel in the first direction DR 1 . Each of the first bridge patterns  740  may include a (1-1) bridge pattern  741  and a (1-2) bridge pattern  742 . 
     The second bridge patterns  750  may electrically connect between the second sensor patterns  732  arranged in parallel along the second direction DR 2 , and the second bridge patterns  750  may also be extended along the direction DR 2 . According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second bridge patterns  750  may be formed integrally with the second sensor patterns  732 . When the second bridge patterns  750  are formed integrally with the second sensor patterns  732 , the second bridge patterns  750  may be portions of the second sensor patterns  732 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  18  and  19   , the sensor electrode layer  700  may be formed with unit sensor blocks USB repeatedly arranged as shown in  FIG.  19   . Each of the unit sensor blocks USB may be a virtual unit block that has a predetermined area and includes some of the sensor patterns  730  adjacent to each other in the first direction DR 1  and some of the sensor patterns  730  adjacent to each other in the second direction DR 2  within a given sensing area SA. Such a unit sensor block USB may be regarded as the minimum repeating unit of the arrangement of the sensor patterns  730  in a given sensing area SA. 
     Referring to  FIG.  19   , the sensor patterns  730  may overlap the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  of the reflectance control layer  600  disposed on the surface of the sensor electrode layer  700  in the third direction DR 3 . In  FIG.  19   , the edges of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  indicated with dashed lines are slightly more to the inside than the edges of the first and second sensor patterns  731  and  732  indicated with solid lines in order to distinguish the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  from the sensor electrode layer  700 . It should be understood, however, that these edges may substantially overlap each other when viewed from the top. 
     By aligning the first sensor patterns  731  and the second sensor patterns  732  of the sensor electrode layer  700  with the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  of the reflectance control layer  600  in the third direction DR 3 , it is possible to accurately recognize a user&#39;s touch even when the reflectance control layer  600  is disposed on the surface of the sensor electrode layer  700 . That is to say, by adjusting the influence by the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  on the capacitance of the first sensor pattern  731  and the second sensor pattern  732  similarly, it is possible to adjust the reflectance according to the wavelength of the incident light without affecting the mechanism that senses the amount of change in the capacitance formed between the first and second sensor patterns  731  and  732 . In addition, when the display device  10  is viewed from above, the arrangement of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  coincides with the arrangement of the sensor electrode layer  700 , so that it is possible to easily match the refractive indexes in the display device  10 . It should be understood, however, that the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may have different size, arrangement, and/or spacing from the sensor electrode layer  700 . 
       FIG.  20    is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′ of  FIG.  19   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  20   , a sensor electrode layer  700  may include a (1-1) bridge pattern  741  disposed on a base layer  710 , a first insulating layer  791  disposed on the (1-1) bridge pattern  741 , a first sensor pattern  731  and a second sensor pattern  732  disposed on the first insulating layer  791 , and a second insulating layer  792  disposed on the first sensor pattern  731  and the second sensor pattern  732 . 
     The base layer  710  may be disposed on a second substrate  200  of a display panel  11 . The base layer  710  may include a first base layer  711  and a second base layer  712  sequentially stacked on one another. 
     The (1-1) bridge pattern  741  disposed on the second base layer  712  may include or may be formed of a low-resistance metal such as copper, gold, silver, platinum, nickel, and tin. 
     The first insulating layer  791  may be disposed on the (1-1) bridge pattern  741 . The first insulating layer  791  may include or may be formed of, but is not limited to, the same material as the base layer  710 . 
     The sensor patterns  730  may be disposed on the first insulating layer  791 . The sensor patterns  730  may include or may be formed of a transparent conductive oxide such as ITO, IZO and ZO. The sensor patterns  730  may include or may be formed of the same material as the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  included in the reflectance control layer  600 . According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, both the sensor patterns  730  and the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may include or may be formed of ITO. 
     The first sensor patterns  731  adjacent to one another in the first direction DR 1  may be electrically and/or physically connected with each other via contact holes  733  penetrating the first insulating layer  791  and first bridge patterns  740 . 
     The second insulating layer  792  may be disposed over the first and second sensor patterns  731  and  732  disposed the first insulating layer  791 . The second insulating layer  792  can prevent the (1-1) bridge pattern  741  from being exposed to the outside, thereby preventing corrosion of the (1-1) bridge pattern  741 . 
     The reflectance control layer  600  may be disposed on the second insulating layer  792 . Specifically, a first transparent auxiliary layer  620  may be disposed on the second insulating layer  792 , transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may be disposed on the first transparent auxiliary layer  620 , and a second transparent auxiliary layer  630  may be disposed on one surface of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 . 
     The transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  are spaced apart from the second insulating layer  792 , and may overlap the first sensor patterns  731  and the second sensor patterns  732  in the third direction DR 3 . In an embodiment, each of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may overlap a corresponding sensor pattern of the first and second sensor patterns  731  and  732  in the sensor electrode layer  700 . 
     The sensor patterns  730  may mitigate differences in reflectance and transmittance according to the wavelength of incident light, together with the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 . In an embodiment, the sensor patterns  730  may be in line with or may overlap the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 . In an embodiment, the sensor patterns  730  and the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  are made of ITO, and the sum of the thicknesses of the sensor patterns  730  and the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may be applied or may serve as the thickness of the ITO employed for the reflectance control described above with reference to  FIG.  12   . For example, the stacked structure of the sensor patterns  730  and the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may serve as the ITO for the reflectance control as described with refence to  FIG.  12   . Accordingly, the sum of the thickness of the sensor patterns  730  and the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  may range from 60 nm to 100 nm, for example, approximately 80 nm or may have a value between 60 nm and 100 nm, for example, approximately 80 nm. 
     As such, by disposing the sensor electrode layer  700  on the opposite surface of the reflectance control layer  600 , it is possible to reduce the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610  compared to the structure in which the reflectance control layer  600  is disposed alone. Unlike the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 , touch driving and sensing currents flow through the sensor electrode layer  700 , and thus the sensor electrode layer  700  may be thicker than the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 . It should be understood, however, that the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the thickness of the sensor electrode layer  700  may be equal to or even less than the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film patterns  610 . 
     Features of various embodiments of the disclosure may be combined partially or totally. As will be clearly appreciated by those skilled in the art, technically various interactions and operations are possible. Various embodiments can be practiced individually or in combination. 
     In concluding the detailed description, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many variations and modifications can be made to the preferred embodiments without substantially departing from the principles of the invention. Therefore, the disclosed preferred embodiments of the invention are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.