Patent Publication Number: US-7722124-B2

Title: Seating unit with formed cushion, and manufacturing method

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a divisional application of Ser. No. 11/296,679, filed Dec. 7, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,392, entitled SEATING UNIT WITH FORMED CUSHION, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,392, issued Feb. 17, 2009). 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present invention relates to seating units, and more particularly relates to a chair having a formed cushion, where the cushion is shaped to mate with a stiffener in a manner adapted to facilitate subassembly into an upholstery sock, and also shaped to optimize comfort and appearance in the final seating product. Further, the present invention concerns methods of assembly related to the above. 
     Many chairs include a back structure covered by an upholstery subassembly, where the upholstery subassembly forms a sock-like hollow covering that can be pulled onto the back structure to aesthetically cover all or part of the back structure. For example, see U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,637 to Peterson. A common problem in many such chair designs is that the sock must be tight enough to eliminate unattractive wrinkles and to eliminate loose fabric sections on the upholstery, but must not be so tight as to prevent the sock from being slipped onto the back structure or to cause distortions to its cushion during assembly. Quality problems often occur during assembly due to normal manufacturing variations in stitching and variations in part dimensions and material properties such as elasticity, compressibility, and tensile strength. Also, traditional polyurethane foam cushion material tends to frictionally drag on the sock (or grip the back structure if it is part of the upholstery subassembly) during assembly. Each of these conditions can result in distortions and non-uniformities in the cushion and/or in the upholstery after assembly (e.g., wrinkles, distortions, puckers, loose fabric sections, irregular corners, etc.). It is often difficult to know whether the distortions and non-uniformities are caused by conditions prior to, during, or after assembly . . . or a combination thereof. The problems tend to be especially evident at corners and feature lines of the back where dimensional variations in mating components and stitch lines are easily seen. Depending on the chair design, distortions and non-uniformities can be very unsatisfactory to consumers (particularly in higher end chairs), since such distortions and non-uniformities are interpreted as low quality. Thus, an improvement is desired that facilitates construction of an upholstery subassembly, and that facilitates assembly of the upholstery subassembly to a back structure. Further, an improvement is desired that helps eliminate or at least control distortions and non-uniformities. It is believed that part of a solution to the present problems is connected to managing and distributing the tension and stress between the cushion and the upholstery sock, particularly at highly visible corners. 
     Loose unsupported sections of upholstery are particularly difficult to control in large flat or recessed areas where the upholstery is poorly supported or totally unsupported. For example, if the upholstery is not properly and uniformly tensioned in all directions, the material hangs loose and sags. But if the upholstery is unevenly tensioned, the material forms undulating ridges and stretch-related channels that extend parallel a direction of the “over-tension”. If the upholstery is simply too highly tensioned, the cushion may become locally distorted via uneven compression of the cushion, thus also causing visual defects. These conditions are especially problematic in large relatively-flat areas, such as along a front middle area of a chair back (i.e., a lumbar region) or on a center of a relatively flat-topped chair seat. Also, these conditions will occur when a concave face of a back support shell (i.e., a shallow depression surrounded by a ring of marginal material higher than a bottom of the shallow depression), since tension on the upholstery material will cause the upholstery material to bridge across the bottom at a location spaced above the bottom, . . . instead of pulling the upholstery against the bottom of the shallow depression. Typically, these problems may worsen over time and with use of the chair as the fabric stretches and as the cushion takes on a compression set. 
     It is noted that Peterson U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,637 discloses a chair construction of interest, including a PETE or PET cushion of non-woven fibers (see FIGS. 3-6 and 14), an upholstery sock-like structure of interest (see FIGS. 3-7 and column 6, lines 15+) and related assembly method (see FIGS. 3-7 and 13). However, improvement is desired so that the cushion holds itself on the cushion stiffener during assembly of the upholstery sock onto the cushion and cushion stiffener and to eliminate wrinkles and unevenly stretched areas after the assembly. Also, improvement is desired to better secure the cushion stiffener onto the back support shell. 
     Sometimes attempts are made to control the upholstery by adhering the upholstery to the cushion under the problem area. However, adhesives are expensive to purchase, and to apply . . . and further are not always a solution to the appearance problem. Further, adhesives can affect compression of the cushion and adversely affect user comfort. Still further, over time the cushion and upholstery may stretch and give, resulting in loose unsupported sections of upholstery. 
     One attractive style for chairs comprises a layered look where the upholstery subassembly (including a cushion) is attached only to a face of a support structure on a chair back or seat. In such chair designs, it is important to maintain proper centered placement of the upholstery subassembly on the support structure (i.e., to prevent the cushion and/or upholstery from creeping or “walking” toward one side or another of the support structure) to avoid warranty and appearance problems after significant use of the chair. Further, it is important that the attachment of the upholstery subassembly to the support structure be both secure, relatively thin, and preferably hidden, so that the style can be maintained without forcing the chair to have a thick heavy appearance, and without forcing the chair to include multiple visible screw heads or containment structure. Further, it is desirable to provide an attachment system that eliminates screws and time-consuming assembly steps, and that can be formed integrally with the underlying mating components. 
     Thus, a system having the aforementioned advantages and solving the aforementioned problems is desired. 
     SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
     In one aspect of the present invention, an upholstered component includes a support having edge portions, a pad of formable polymeric fibers with at least one formed edge that wraps over at least one of the edge portions of the support, and an upholstery cover shaped to at least partially cover the support and the pad. The formed edge is sufficiently pre-formed and structural to retain the cushion in place on the support as the upholstery cover is positioned on the support and pad and as the upholstery cover is extended over the formed edge and the one edge portion. 
     In another aspect of the present invention, a seating unit includes a back support with a face surface having a first pattern of fasteners, and a cushion assembly engaging the face surface and including a second pattern of fasteners. The first and second pattern of fasteners are configured to matingly engage when the cushion assembly is moved in a first direction parallel the face surface during assembly of the cushion assembly onto the back support, and are configured to resiliently interlock in a self-retained position when the cushion assembly reaches a fully-assembled position on the back support. 
     In yet another aspect of the present invention, a method for stress-relieving upholstery comprises steps of providing a furniture unit including a support having corners, and providing a pad of formable polymeric fibers and having formed edges. The method further includes positioning the pad on a front of the support but with the formed edges extending to rearward of the corners of the support, providing an upholstery cover shaped to cover the support and the cushion including the corners, and positioning the upholstery cover on the support and the cushion to cover the support and the cushion. The method still further includes stress-relieving at least the corners of the cushion and the upholstery cover to reduce distortions and objectionable wrinkles in the upholstery cover at the corners by applying hot gases to cause the polymeric fibers and also the upholstery cover to relax to a state of minimized balanced tension 
     In another aspect of the present invention, a method of constructing a seating unit comprising steps of providing a support panel with a concave front surface, and providing a cushion of non-woven polymeric fibers engaging the front surface, the cushion being formed to have a shape with a rear surface matching the front surface. The method further includes assembling an upholstery sheet onto the support panel and the cushion, the upholstery sheet being tensioned, and thermally treating the assembly of the support panel, the cushion and the upholstery sheet to cause the cushion to take on a relaxed state that both fills the concave recess and that also stress-relieves the cushion and upholstery to cause a state of minimized tension. 
     In still another aspect of the present invention, a method of upholstering a support member with edges, comprising steps of providing a cushion of formable polymeric fibers with at least one formed edge, wrapping the at least one edge of the cushion around an edge of the support member, and setting the formed edge of the cushion in the wrapped condition. 
     In yet another aspect of the present invention, a method of assembly comprising steps of providing a blank of formable polymeric fibers capable of forming a cushion, forming edges of the blank to define a recess, and placing a support member into the recess to form a pre-assembly. 
     In another aspect of the present invention, a method of assembly comprises steps of providing a blank of formable polymeric fibers, the blank including a perimeter, placing a support member against the blank with at least one edge of the support member extending generally along but inboard of an associated part of the blank&#39;s perimeter, and forming the associated part of the blank onto a rear of the one edge of the support member, with the formed associated part mechanically retaining the blank in place on the support member. 
     These and other aspects, objects, and features of the present invention will be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art upon studying the following specification, claims, and appended drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a rear perspective view of a chair embodying the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is an exploded perspective view of an upholstery cushion assembly. 
         FIGS. 3-4  are rear and perspective views of  FIG. 2 , with  FIG. 4  being partially broken away to show otherwise hidden structure. 
         FIGS. 5-6  are cross sections taken along lines V-V and VI-VI in  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 7  is a chart showing the force-deflection curve for the structure of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 8  is a chart showing a method of assembly for the chair back of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIGS. 9-11  are cross sections showing a changing shape of an edge of the non-woven fibrous cushion of during the process of  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 12  is an exploded cross section showing assembly of the cushion subassembly (including the cushion, cushion stiffener, and upholstery sock) onto a back support to form the back assembly of the chair shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIGS. 13-19  are schematic side views showing the forming tools and process of forming the edges of the non-woven fibrous cushion. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A seating unit  30  ( FIG. 1 ) includes a base  31 , an underseat control  32 , a back frame  33  operably supported in the base  31 , and a seat  34  operably supported at its front on the base  31  and at its rear on the back frame  33  for synchronous movement of the seat  34  upon recline of the back frame  33 . A back assembly  35  is supported on the back frame  33 , and includes a back support  36  (also sometimes called a back “shell” or “support panel”) and a cushion subassembly  37  on the back support  36 . The back support  36  is operably supported on the back frame  33  at top and bottom pivots  38  and  39  ( FIGS. 1-2 ) and is flexible in its lumbar region and forwardly biased, such that it provides a seated user with exceptional comfort and ergonomic support, especially to the user&#39;s lower back. The reader is referred to Knoblock U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,634 and Peterson U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,637 if additional information is desired about the interaction and cooperation of these types of components in supporting a seated user. The entire contents of Knoblock U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,634 and also Peterson U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,637 are incorporated herein in their entirety for the purpose of providing an enabling disclosure. 
     The cushion assembly  37  ( FIG. 4 ) includes a cushion support  40  (also referred to as a “cushion stiffener”), a cushion  41  of non-woven polymeric PETE fiber, and an upholstery sock  42  (also called an upholstery assembly). Notably, PET fiber can also be used, but PETE fiber is preferable. The cushion  41  is made by cutting a blank  100  ( FIG. 13 ) from a raw sheet of non-woven PETE fibrous material of uniform thickness and density. As described below in regard to  FIGS. 9-11  and  13 - 19 , the blank  100  is pre-formed to have formed edges  60  shaped to wrap over edges of the cushion support  40 . By this arrangement, as the upholstery sock  42  is pulled onto the cushion support  40  and the cushion  41  in direction “A”, the cushion  41  does not roll or slide out of position. In other words, the formed edge  60  has sufficient structure to retain the cushion  41  in place on the cushion support  40  as the upholstery sock  42  is pulled onto the support. Advantageously, this eliminates the need for the cushion  41  to be adhered or attached to the cushion support  40  during assembly of the upholstery sock  42  onto the cushion  41  and support  40 , thus eliminating cost and a step during manufacturing. It is noted that in the preferred illustrated arrangement, as described below, a drawstring  61  is still used to secure a top of the upholstery sock  42 . However, it is contemplated that the present invention is useful in chair designs where only a portion of the entire perimeter of the cushion is made to include a formed edge  60  for temporarily retaining the cushion onto a cushion support until attachment of a covering. 
     The illustrated back support  36  ( FIGS. 2 and 12 ) is adapted to support the cushion assembly  37  as shown in  FIGS. 2 and 12 . The back support  36  has hook-shaped first fasteners  45  that engage mating strap-like fasteners  46  on the cushion (stiffener) support  40  in a first (downward) direction, and further includes wedge-shaped second fasteners  47  that engage mating resilient finger-like fasteners  48  on the cushion (stiffener) support  40  to prevent disengagement of the first fasteners  45 / 46 . The resilient fasteners  48  comprise angled flexible fingers that allow the wedge-shaped second fasteners  47  to ramp downwardly and over the resilient fasteners  48 , after which the resilient fasteners  48  snap into place to securely hold the thoracic upper part of the cushion stiffener support  40  downwardly and closely against the back support  36 . It is contemplated that the resilient fasteners  48  could be replaced with an angled rigid ramp member if desired which would still allow the fasteners  47  to slide down and over the fasteners  48  and then interlockingly engage, however the present arrangement is more secure and also provides a positive “snapping” sound that indicates to an assembler that full engagement has been made. A strip of elastic material  49  is attached along a lower edge of the front panel  50  of upholstery material, and a stiff extruded strip  51  is attached to the lower edge of the front panel  50 . The stiff extruded strip  51  is shaped to fit into a channel  52  ( FIG. 12 ) along a bottom of the back support  36  and to frictionally engage the channel  52  for retaining the cushion subassembly  37  downwardly against the back support  36 . 
     The cushion assembly  37  ( FIGS. 4 and 8 ) is stressed and unevenly compressed during assembly of the upholstery sock  42  onto the cushion  41  and cushion (stiffener) support  40 , especially at visible corners where the upholstery material (which is made from flat sheets of material but sewn into a 3-dimensional shape) covers and to some extent compresses the cushion  41 . It is noted that the upholstery material needs to have some tension in order to eliminate loose areas, which loose areas result in sagging fabric which has a poor appearance and which is interpreted to be poor quality by consumers. As described below, the cushion assembly  37  is thermally stress-relieved after assembly to relax the polymeric fibers and the upholstery sock to a state of “minimized balanced tension”, where even after being thermal stress-relieved, the cushion still exerts some compressive forces against the upholstery material, and where the upholstery material still has some tensile forces pulling against the cushion. 
     The illustrated cushion (stiffener) support  40  ( FIGS. 4-6 ) includes a shallow depression  55  in the upper back region (i.e., thoracic region) of the cushion support  40  surrounded by marginal material  56  on its front surface or face that matches a shape of the back support  36 , so that when attached, the two components form a laminar arrangement. The cushion  41  fills the depression on the cushion support  40  and forms a front surface that is (at least along one axis) basically flat or slightly forwardly convex. It is important to understand that the non-woven PETE (or PET) cushion material has thermoplastic fibers within it that are able to re-bond when hit with steam or thermal energy, such that the PETE cushion material can be reformed to any shape. However, even when reformed, the PETE cushion material maintains its original force/deflection compression curve, with the exception that the original initial compression set point  120  is reset to have a new initial compression set point  121  (as shown in  FIG. 7 ). Thus, when the raw blank of PETE cushion material (which has an initial compression set point  122 ) (of a uniform thickness) is reformed to have different thicknesses in order to fill the depression  55 , the cushion  41  maintains its force/deflection curve (minus portions of a front end of the curve). In other words, when thicker areas of the cushion material are initially compressed, they have an initial resistance to compression. However, once compressed to a same thickness as other “reformed” areas of the cushion, they have the same or similar resistance to compression. Further, their force/deflection curve is relatively linear. For this reason, the present cushion  41  is particularly comfortable, since the shape of the front surface of the cushion support is the shape that the seated user feels as the seated user approaches a full compression of the cushion. The support given to a seated user is very close to the shape designed into the front surface of the cushion support  40 , even with the addition of the cushion  41 . 
     When the upholstery sock with front panel  50  is initially pulled over and then onto the support  40  and cushion  41 , the upholstery front panel  50  is tensioned, but its tension is non-uniform in some areas and the cushion  41  is non-uniformly compressed. By applying (i.e. “hitting”) the cushion  41  and upholstery sock  42  with steam or hot air (see  FIG. 8 ), the fibers within the cushion release and rebond so that the cushion  41  resets to a new shape. The temperature and application time of the steam can be varied for best results, but it is contemplated that the temperature and time will be relatively low and short, since the steam will pass through the assembly. The new shape of the cushion is not simply the shape of the cavity between the front upholstery panel  50  and the front surface of the cushion (stiffener) support  40 . Instead, it is contemplated that the cushion will be slightly compressed, such that a state of “minimized balanced tension” is created between the cushion and upholstery, as described below. 
     Specifically, after the step of applying steam to relieve tension in the upholstery sock  42  and to reform the cushion  41 , especially after the sock  42  and cushion  41  begin to cool, there is a state of “minimized balanced tension” (i.e., stress relieved, but still having some tension) that develops between the upholstery sock  42  and the cushion  41 . Even after being thermal stress-relieved, the (cooled) cushion  41  still exerts some compressive forces against the material of the upholstery sock  42 , and the upholstery material still has some tensile forces pulling against the cushion  41 . This results in an optimal condition especially at the upper outer corners of the present back construction and on the front of the present back construction that leads to a more consistent appearance. The optimal condition includes the fact that the upholstery sock  42  is adequately and more uniformly tensioned in all directions to reduce undesired, uneven wrinkles and to eliminate undesired loose sections of material. Also, the optimal condition includes the fact that the upholstery sock  42  is drawn uniformly snug in the upper outer corners, without over-tightening in the corners and without undesired undulations in any seams that extend along the corners around a perimeter of the back construction. Also, the optimal condition includes the fact that the cushion  41  has different thicknesses, but good support is provided to a seated user as the user initially begins to sit in the chair (i.e., as the user initially engages the upholstery sock and receives support by initially compressing the cushion). Further, the optimal condition includes the fact that the support provided by the cushion is widespread and uniform. It is noted that the non-woven fibrous PETE cushion  41  provides an almost linear compression resistance which, as the user finally sits in the chair (i.e., as the user fully engages the upholstery sock and receives full support from the cushion), the uniformity of support is based on the remaining compressibility of the cushion and is consistent through the entire front surface. Further, the optimal condition includes the fact that the cushion  41  provides a desired rate of resistance to compression at specific thicknesses, regardless of the pre-formed shape, such that the user feels the same amount of pressure when the cushion has a specific amount of compression remaining. This allows the chair designer to accurately control the distribution of support across the front surface of the chair, and allows the designer to control the support received in specific regions on the front surface in a way not previously possible. Another desirable attribute is that in the present back construction, all major components can be separated and recycled, such that they are environmentally friendly and also can be more easily refurbished or repaired. 
       FIG. 8  is a flow chart showing a method of assembly for the present back construction. The method includes sewing sections of fabric to form a sock (step  70 ). The method further includes cutting a blank ( 100 ) from a uniformly thick sheet of PETE non-woven fibrous cushion material and forming the PETE blank to have partially formed edge flanges ( 60 ′) (step  71 ). In the illustrated step  71 , the partially formed edge flanges  60 ′ extend at 90 degrees (see  FIG. 10 ) and have a thickness about half or less that of the original blank. Steam is then applied (step  72 ) ( FIG. 8 ) to further form the edges ( 60 ) around onto the back side surface of edges of the cushion (stiffener) support, so that the edges ( 60 ) of the cushion “hook” over the edges of the cushion (stiffener) support  40 . The cushion (stiffener) support  40  is then attached to the cushion ( 41 ) by positioning the cushion edge ( 60 ) on the edge of the cushion stiffener, either as (an automated) part of step  72  or as a separate step  73  subsequent to the step  72 . The upholstery sock is then pulled onto the assembly of the cushion ( 41 ) and cushion (stiffener) support ( 40 ) in a step  74 , and a draw string ( 61 ) is tensioned and stapled to the cushion (stiffener) support in a step  75  to form a cushion assembly ( 37 ). Steam or hot air is applied to the cushion assembly ( 37 ) in step  76  at upper outer corners of the cushion assembly ( 37 ) and/or along a front of the upholstery subassembly to reform the cushion ( 41 ) to take up a cavity formed between the front panel ( 50 ) of the upholstery sock ( 42 ) and a front surface of the cushion support ( 40 ). The cushion assembly ( 37 ) is attached to the back support ( 36 ) in step  77  (which can be performed prior to step  76  if desired). The attachment in step  77  includes hook-attaching fasteners ( 45 ) (step  78 ) at a top of the cushion subassembly (i.e., in the lumbar region of the cushion stiffener support) onto mating fasteners ( 46 ) at a top of the back support, and pulling downward until second fasteners ( 48 ) lower on the cushion support  40  engage mating lower fasteners ( 47 ) on the back support ( 36 ) to prevent reverse movement and disengagement of the first fasteners. A bottom strip ( 49 ) of elastic material on the front panel of the upholstery sock is stretched and an extruded strip is tucked into a channel at a bottom edge of the back support in step  79 , thus holding the cushion assembly ( 37 ) onto the back support ( 36 ). If desired, the ends of the extruded strip ( 49 ) can be stapled or otherwise secured in the channel for permanence in a step  80 . 
     Back Retention Clip 
     The back shell  36  in its thoracic region ( FIGS. 2 and 12 ) is equipped with multiple hooks (i.e., fasteners  45 ) pointing in one direction and one or more shoulders (i.e., a “back” surface of fasteners  45 ) oriented in such a way as to oppose the disengagement of the hooks ( 45 ) once the back shell  36  is assembled to a fully-install position. Specifically, the inner shell (cushion support  40 ) is equipped with holes or slots or straps that engage the hooks ( 45 ) again in one direction. The inner shell (back support  40 ) then also has one or more tabs (i.e., fasteners  48 ) protruding from the surface between the two shells that slides over and latches against the shoulder of fasteners  47  on back support  36 . This shoulder and clip act to resiliently latchingly interlock against the hooks and slots to prevent the back shell from becoming unintentionally disengaged. However, if an assembler wants to disengage the shells (i.e., cushion support  40  from back support  36 ), the assembler raises the clips above the associated shoulders and slides the slots off of the opposing hooks. This has an advantage over screws since this arrangement cannot be stripped and is not visible. It also has an assembly advantage in that it engages in the same direction as one moves the shell (cushion support  40 ) to engage the hooks. An additional benefit is that the clips (fasteners  48 ) make an audible “click” as they snap over the shoulder on fasteners  47 . Notably, the relative location of the fasteners  47  to clips  45  can be increased or decreased to affect the retention force of the fasteners, thus changing the force necessary to engage and/or disengage them. 
     The edge pre-form takes the forming process ( FIGS. 13-19 ) for pre-forming PETE material (non-woven fibrous cushion material) to a higher level of technology and in a way that reduces manufacturing/assembly steps. In the present illustrated process, we pre-form the PETE fiber to the shape of the cushion ( FIGS. 13-15 ) but leave perpendicular flanges  60 ′ ( FIGS. 10 and 15 ) extending away from the comfort surface. These flanges  61 ′ are then folded over the inner shell to form hook-shaped edge flange  60  ( FIGS. 11 and 18 ) (back support  36 ) in the next operation ( FIGS. 16-19 ). This leaves a smooth finished edge for upholstery material to wrap over. 
     Illustrated Process 
     In station just prior to step  71  (see  FIG. 13 ), a raw fiber blank  100  is placed and located in initial forming station on top of what we will call the post  101  (i.e., the bottom die). Steam comes from lower half of tool to pre-soften the PETE fiber (see  FIG. 14 ), with the steam causing the PETE fiber to soften and reset (i.e. causing some fibers to un-bond and re-bond and also reform) during the following process. As the upper tool  102  begins to lower, the center  103  of the upper tool contacts the blank first and forms the comfort surface of the blank (i.e., that part of the cushion  41  that is on the front surface of the back construction and that supports a seated user). The center  103  also holds the blank  100  as the outer ring  104  of the upper tool continues to lower, thus wiping and brushing the remaining PETE fiber over the edge of the lower tool and forming the edge or flange around the part (see  FIG. 15 ). Tool  101 / 102  fully closed with face in contact with PETE fiber and outer ring at bottom of travel with a skirt fully formed around the blank  100 . The tool then holds in this condition ( FIG. 15 ) and the vacuum turns on cooling and setting the PETE fiber in its new condition. After a short dwell time, the upper tool  102  raises and the lower tool  101  comes back out to the operator. The vacuum is shut off so that the part can be removed manually (or robotically) from the post. The blank now has a recess formed on its rear side, bounded by the perimeter (formed) flanges or “skirt”. This process is not totally dissimilar to draw forming of sheet metal. It is contemplated that, in some applications, the cushion is now sufficiently formed for use without further forming the blank. 
     In steps  72 / 73  ( FIG. 16 ), the finished partially-formed blank  100  from station  1  is placed face down into the lower tool half  101  and the inner plastic shell  40  is loaded into the recess (i.e. inside the formed flanges). The upper tool  109  travels down and traps the inner shell against the PETE cushion against the lower tool  110 . Steam is released from an annular orifice in the upper tool  109  forcing it to impinge on the PETE flange, re-softening it and making it pliable and formable. Side slides  105  ( FIG. 17 ) positioned around the cavity then travel inward in direction  106  folding and holding the flange down against the back side of the shell. Once folded over, vacuum helps to cool and set the material in its new orientation. The upper tool  109  then raises ( FIGS. 18-19 ) and the lower tool  110  comes back out to the operator where the side slides retract and the vacuum shuts off. Notably, in the illustrated process, the cushion is not adhered to the cushion support, but instead is mechanically (loosely) held onto the cushion support by the folded edges  60 . This allows separation of components, such as for recycling of the components and/or for refurbishing and/or for repairing the chair. It is noted that the retention strength of retaining the cushion onto the support can be adjusted by a shape and thickness of the formed flanges. 
     Steam Stress Relieve 
     The steam stress relieving process is not totally dissimilar to the thermal activation process used in many products with a significant exception. No adhesive layers are used in the illustrated process. In traditional processes for forming foam and attaching upholstery to the foam, thermal activated adhesive is on the top of the cushion and the top of the topper pad. When the assembly is placed into the tool and steam is applied, the adhesive activates and wets out, resulting in the fabric being bonded to the topper foam and the topper foam being bonded to the core foam. During the present inventive process, the steam also allows the fabric to “stress relieve” meaning that the fabric relaxes in high stress areas and constricts in low stress areas. The result is a cushion assembly  37  with nicer form and fewer undesired wrinkles. 
     It is contemplated that the present article and processes can be used for forming more than just backs of chairs. In particular, it is contemplated that the present process can be used to form other chair parts such as armrests and seats, and further can be used to form non-chair parts such as covers and panel skins for partition panels and/or for automobile components (such as consoles and inner door panels), and the like. 
     It is to be understood that variations and modifications can be made on the aforementioned structure without departing from the concepts of the present invention, and further it is to be understood that such concepts are intended to be covered by the following claims unless these claims by their language expressly state otherwise.