Patent Publication Number: US-2019190558-A1

Title: Apparatus And Method For A Communication Network

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments of the present invention relate to an apparatus and method in a communication network. In particular, though without prejudice to the foregoing, embodiments relate to an apparatus and method for use in a terminal device of a wireless cellular communication network. 
     BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION 
     Many wireless portable communication devices comprise a subscriber identification module or ‘SIM card’ which is an integrated circuit that securely stores information used to identify and authenticate a user/subscriber to a cellular communication network and enable connection of the device to the network. Typically, a wireless portable communication device comprises a single SIM card reader located underneath the device&#39;s battery. This impedes a user&#39;s ability to replace one SIM card with another. 
     The listing or discussion of a prior-published document or any background in this specification should not necessarily be taken as an acknowledgement that the document or background is part of the state of the art or is common general knowledge. One or more aspects/embodiments of the present disclosure may or may not address one or more of the background issues. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
     According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments of the invention there is provided an apparatus comprising:
         a first reader configured to read a user insertable integrated circuit configured to identify a user in a communications network;   a second reader configured to read a user insertable integrated circuit configured to identify a user in a communications network;   at least one memory storing computer program instructions; and   at least one processor configured to execute the computer program instructions to cause the apparatus at least to perform:
           generating a control signal responsive to removal of an integrated circuit from the second reader.   
               

     The user insertable integrated circuit is used to identify and authenticate a user/subscriber to a communication network and enable access and connection of the apparatus to the network. The integrated circuit may for example be:
         a Subscriber Identity Module or Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) for use with a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network,   a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) for use in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, or   a Removable User Identity Module (R-UIM) for use in network using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).       

     Certain embodiments seek to enable a function to be effected in response to the removal of an integrated circuit from the second reader. A control signal is generated responsive to the removal which can be used to trigger an operation or function. For example, where an application on the apparatus is running and active at the time the integrated circuit is removed, the application may be caused to: have its state saved, be suspended or closed down in response to the control signal. Alternatively, a communication channel which is open and active upon removal of an integrated circuit may be caused to be maintained in an open and active state. 
     According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments of the invention there is provided a method comprising causing, at least in part, actions that result in:
         generating, in an apparatus comprising a first reader configured to read a user insertable integrated circuit configured to identify a user in a communications network and a second reader configured to read a user insertable integrated circuit configured to identify a user in a communications network, a control signal responsive to removal of an integrated circuit from the second reader.       

     According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments of the invention there is provided an apparatus comprising:
         a first reader configured to read a user insertable integrated circuit configured to identify a user in a communications network;   a second reader configured to read a user insertable integrated circuit configured to identify a user in a communications network;   at least one memory storing computer program instructions; and   at least one processor configured to execute the computer program instructions to cause the apparatus at least to perform:
           causing a diversion of a communication directed to an integrated circuit inserted in one of the readers to an integrated circuit inserted in the other of the readers.   
               

     According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments of the invention there is provided a method comprising causing, at least in part, actions that result in:
         causing, in an apparatus comprising a first reader configured to read a user insertable integrated circuit configured to identify a user in a communications network and a second reader configured to read a user insertable integrated circuit configured to identify a user in a communications network, the diversion of a communication directed to an integrated circuit inserted in one of readers to an integrated circuit inserted in the other of the readers.       

    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of various examples of embodiments of the present invention reference will now be made by way of example only to the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  schematically illustrates an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 1 a    schematically illustrates a computer readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a flowchart of method blocks involved in an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a flowchart of method blocks involved in an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4 a    illustrates screen shots displayed by an apparatus performing the method of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a flowchart of method blocks involved in an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5 a    illustrates screen shots displayed by an apparatus performing the method of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a method block involved in an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a flowchart of method blocks involved in an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7 a    illustrates screen shots displayed by an apparatus performing the method of  FIG. 7 ; and 
         FIG. 8  illustrates method blocks involved in an embodiment of the present invention; 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an apparatus  100  according to an embodiment of the invention. Only the functional components that are necessary for describing the operation of the apparatus are shown. The apparatus  100  comprises:
         a first reader  101  configured to read a user insertable integrated circuit (I/C)  102  configured to identify a user in a communications network;   a second reader  103  configured to read a user insertable I/C  104  configured to identify a user in a communications network;   at least one memory  105  storing computer program instructions  106 ; and   at least one processor  107  configured to execute the computer program instructions to cause the apparatus at least to perform:
           generating a control signal responsive to removal of an I/C  104  from the second reader  103 .   
               

     The user insertable integrated circuit is used to identify and authenticate a user/subscriber to a communication network and enable access and connection of the apparatus to the network 
     The apparatus  100  may be a module or a communication device such as a wireless portable handheld communication device. The communications network may, for example be a wireless communications network or a cellular communications network. The apparatus may have additional functions beside communication. 
     The processor  107  is configured to read from and write to the memory  105 . The processor may also comprise an output interface via which data and/or commands such as the control signal are output by the processor and an input interface via which data and/or commands are input to the processor. The apparatus may further include input and output devices, such as a touch screen, as well as a transmitter and receiver (not shown) 
     Although the memory  105  is illustrated as a single component it may be implemented as one or more separate components some or all of which may be integrated/removable and/or may provide permanent/semi-permanent/dynamic/cached storage. The memory  105  stores a computer program comprising computer program instructions  106  that control the operation of the apparatus  100  when loaded into the processor  107 . The processor, by reading the memory, is able to load and execute the computer program. 
     The processor or controller may be implemented using instructions that enable hardware functionality, for example, by using executable computer program instructions  106  in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor that may be stored on a computer readable storage medium  112  (disk, memory etc) or carried by a signal carrier to be executed by such a processor. The computer program instructions  106  provide the logic and routines that enables the processor to perform the methods illustrated in  FIGS. 2 to 7  and described below. 
     The second reader  103  may be configured to detect the removal of an I/C  104  inserted therein. Alternatively a separate detector  108  may be provided to detect the removal. Such a detector may comprise an electro mechanical device that facilitates the ejection of the I/C for removal by a user upon user actuation and also provides a signal to the processor indicating the removal of the I/C. The device may bring about the ejection in a two stage process. For example, an initial user actuation, such as a push or depression of the card into the card reader, might initiate a first stage during which electrical connection of the I/C and the reader is maintained and a signal is caused to be sent to the processer forewarning of the impeding removal and disconnection of the I/C in the second stage of the removal. The two stage ejection process provides a window of opportunity to enable the I/C temporarily to continue to function so as to enable appropriate shutting down of I/C activities, e.g. effecting a disconnection protocol to a connected network, and cessation of electrical power to the I/C prior to the actual physical removal of the I/C by a user. A similar two stage mechanism and process may be used for inserting an I/C into the reader. 
     In an alternative embodiment, a card detection switch is provided to generate a signal that indicates the presence or absence of an I/C in the reader (e.g. switch=ON if I/C present and switch=OFF is I/C absent). A pre-warning switch may additionally be provided to generate a signal that indicates the presence or absence of an initial preliminary user actuation to remove or insert an I/C, such as a preliminary “push” of the I/C into the reader that might be a pre-requisite in the insertion or removal of the I/C (e.g. switch=ON upon push of I/C into reader and switch=OFF otherwise). Signals from these switches can be used to determine whether an I/C is present in the reader or not and also to provide a forewarning and trigger of an impending removal or insertion of an I/C. For example, a card detection switch OFF signal followed by a pre-warning switch ON signal would indicate the impending insertion of an I/C. Whereas, a card detection switch ON signal followed by a pre-warning switch ON signal would indicate the impending removal of an I/C which could act as a trigger to generate a control signal. 
     The second reader  103  is arranged such that, in use, an I/C inserted therein is more accessible by a user for removal than an I/C inserted in the first reader. Likewise the second reader is more accessible than the first reader for insertion of an I/C. In one embodiment the apparatus is housed within an exterior housing  109 , such as a mobile phone casing. The housing comprises an aperture  110  defined therein. The second reader may be disposed and orientated within the housing such that an integrated circuit  104  is insertable into and removable from (as indicated by the arrows  111 ) the second reader via the aperture. The first reader may be less accessible for example by being disposed beneath a battery of the apparatus so as to necessitate the removal of the battery and thus the powering down the of apparatus in order to insert/remove an I/C in to/from the first reader. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the second reader is disposed within the exterior housing so as to require removal of at least portion of the housing in order to gain access the second reader for insertion/removal of an I/C. For example, the second reader may be disposed and orientated so as to require a battery cover of a mobile phone casing to be removed, but not the removal of the battery itself, in order to allow access to the second reader. The first reader may be less accessibly disposed, e.g. beneath a battery so as to necessitate removal of the battery in order to insert/remove an I/C into/from the first reader. 
     Advantageously, the apparatus is configured so as to enable the removal or insertion of an I/C from or into the second reader without requiring the removal of a battery or the powering down of the apparatus, i.e. the I/C can be removed from or inserted into the second reader whist the apparatus is still on. Moreover, the removal of the I/C is detected and used to generate a control signal trigger that can be used to cause a function to be performed. 
     The component blocks illustrated in the apparatus of  FIG. 1  are functional and the functions described may or may not be performed by a single physical entity as shown in the figure The apparatus may be provided in a module. As used here ‘module’ refers to a unit or apparatus that excludes certain parts/components that would be added by an end manufacturer or a user. 
     Although the apparatus is described in terms of comprising various components, it should be understood that the components may be embodied as or otherwise controlled by a corresponding processing element or processor of the apparatus  100 . In this regard, each of the components described above may be any device, means or circuitry embodied in hardware, software or a combination of hardware and software that is configured to perform the corresponding functions of the respective components as described in the method blocks below. 
     In one embodiment, the apparatus  100  is embodied on a hand held portable electronic device, such as a mobile telephone or personal digital assistant, that may additionally provide one or more audio/text/video communication functions (e.g. tele-communication, video-communication, and/or text transmission (Short Message Service (SMS)/Multimedia Message Service (MMS)/emailing) functions), interactive/non-interactive viewing functions (e.g. web-browsing, navigation, TV/program viewing functions), music recording/playing functions (e.g. Moving Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) or other format and/or (frequency modulation/amplitude modulation) radio broadcast recording/playing), downloading/sending of data functions, image capture function (e.g. using a (e.g. in-built) digital camera), and gaming functions. 
     In one particular embodiment, the apparatus comprises only a single antenna/modem/protocol stack. The apparatus is configured such that both I/C&#39;s are active and available to their respective communication network at the same time. The apparatus is further configured such that each I/C can be used to receive calls and texts as well as make a call or send a text on the fly. However, due to the fact that there is only one antenna/modem, there can be only one of the I/C&#39;s in use on a network at a time, i.e. use in transmission of a voice call or text message, during which time the other I/C is not able to be used on the network and is temporarily unreachable. 
     In an alternative embodiment the apparatus is configured such that both I/C&#39;s are available to their respective communication network at the same time. The apparatus is further configured such that each I/C can be used to receive calls and texts as well as make a call or send a text on the fly. In said alternative embodiment both I/C&#39;s are available to their respective communication network using a time division air interface and each I/C is available to communicate in a different time slot to the other l/C. 
     In an alternative embodiment the apparatus is configured such that both I/C&#39;s are available to their respective communication network at the same time. One of the I/C&#39;s is configured to communicate using a frequency division air interface e.g. CDMA, WCDMA. 
     The computer program comprising the computer program instructions  106  may arrive at the apparatus  100  via any suitable delivery mechanism. The delivery mechanism may be, for example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (as shown in  FIG. 1 a   ), a computer program product, a memory device, a record medium such as a compact disc read-only memory or digital versatile disc, an article of manufacture that tangibly embodies the computer program. The delivery mechanism may be a signal configured to reliably transfer the computer program. 
       FIG. 1 a    illustrates a computer readable storage medium  112  with instructions  113  that, when executed by a processor, performs the method as discussed below and illustrated in  FIGS. 2-7 . 
     The flowchart of method blocks  200  illustrated in  FIG. 2  represent one possible scenario among others. Not all the blocks are essential. As indicated in method block  201 , removal of the I/C from the second reader  201  is detected. This detection could be effected by the reader itself or a separate detector. Responsive to the detection, a control signal is generated  202 . The control signal can be used to effect a function  203 . Accordingly, a function can be effected in response to the removal of the I/C from the second reader. 
     As indicated in the flowchart of method blocks  300  of  FIG. 3 , a service may be provided  301 , such as the running of an application or a communication service. The application may comprise: a native application (e.g. address book or message editor,) a foreground runtime application (e.g. third party software such as a game) or software components capable of running either in foreground or background (e.g. Java MIDlets). The communication service may comprise a voice, text or data communication and reception/transmission related to such communication or an open communication channel in the communication network. 
     In response to a control signal (generated as described above), the processor causes the maintenance of the service as represented by method block  302 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a flowchart of method blocks  400 . Not all the method blocks are essential. 
     Where an application is active and running as represented by method block  401 , the following method blocks may occur:
         saving a current state of the application  402 , and causing an application to suspend activities  403 .       

     Optionally, applications running in the foreground could be moved to run in the background. Also, applications including native and foreground runtime applications could be caused to close as indicated in method block  404 . The apparatus may be forced into an ‘idle mode’ where no actions or processes occur and the apparatus&#39; home screen is displayed  405 . 
     Advantageously, by suspending an application such that it can no longer take any action or saving a state of the application then exiting the application, the application may be revived or restored to the state it was in prior to the removal of the I/C thereby enabling a maintenance of the service. 
     The right hand branch of the flowchart illustrates what the apparatus is configured to do where a data connection to a network is active upon removal of an I/C from the second reader, as indicated in method block  406 . Here the data connection is caused to end  407  and the apparatus is placed into an ‘idle mode’ and the apparatus&#39; home screen is displayed  405 . 
       FIG. 4 a    illustrates screen shots  408  that may be displayed on a display of an apparatus when performing the method of  FIG. 4 . When the apparatus is in any state except a state where there is an active voice communication occurring, upon removal of the I/C from the second reader, an information note  409  is displayed showing information related to the removal and after a timeout period the home screen  410  is displayed. 
       FIG. 5  shows a flowchart of method blocks  500 . Method block  501  relates to there being an active ongoing incoming or outgoing voice communication involving an I/C inserted in the first reader at the time of removal of an I/C from the second reader. The active communication can be caused to be maintained  502  in spite of the apparatus entering into an idle mode in which home screen is displayed  503 . 
     In certain embodiments, entering the apparatus to an idle mode involves executing a software component module that causes all services, i.e. all applications and all communication connections to be closed so as to put the apparatus into a idle mode where no actions and processing occurs or where no communication channels are open. In the method of  FIG. 5 , the software component module which effects the shutting down of all services to enter into the idle mode is modified responsive to the control signal so as to provide an exception to the closing of all services and maintain at least one service, e.g. an active voice communication such as an open voice communication channel. Thereby, the processer causes the maintenance of the voice communication when entering into the modified idle mode upon removal of the I/C from the second reader. 
       FIG. 5 a    illustrates screen shots  504  that may be displayed on a display of an apparatus when performing the method of  FIG. 5 . When the apparatus is in a state where there is an active voice communication occurring as represented in screen shot  505 , upon removal of an I/C from the second reader, an information note  506  is displayed showing information related to the removal and after a timeout period the home screen  507  is displayed, all the while the voice communication state is maintained even when in the modified idle mode. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates method block  600 , which can be implemented on its own or in combination with the other described embodiments herein. As indicated in the method block  600 , a processor may be configured to cause a diversion or re-routing of a communication in response to the control signal. In this embodiment, a first I/C inserted in the first reader is associated with a first Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network Number (MSISDN number) i.e. telephone number. A second I/C inserted in the second reader is associated with a second MSISDN telephone number. When the second I/C is removed, a control signal is generated, responsive to which the processor is configured automatically cause the diversion of calls directed to the second telephone number to the first telephone number. 
     Whilst the discussion of the method block of  FIGS. 2-6  have been in reference to the generation of a control signal responsive to removal of an I/C, embodiments of the invention also extend to the generation of a control signal responsive to insertion of an I/C the necessary changes having been made. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a further embodiment with method blocks  700  implementable by an apparatus such as that of  FIG. 1 . Not all the blocks in  FIG. 7  are essential. The apparatus is configured to detect the presence of an I/C in one of the readers as represented by method block  701 . This detection could be effected by the reader itself or a separate detector. Information, e.g. relating to user/subscriber identification such as the MSISDN, is read from the I/C as represented by method block  702  and optionally is stored in a memory of the apparatus. This information is used to enable the processor to cause the set up of a call diversion/call re-routing. This can be achieved, for example by causing the transmission of a signal to a communication network requesting a call diversion and providing information relating to where the call is to be diverted to so as to enable the network to establish a Call Forward Unconditional (CFU) Number. 
     Advantageously, this embodiment facilitates the setting up of a call diversion/re-routing from a MSISDN associated with an I/C to an MSISDN associated with another I/C. For example, in one particular embodiment, a call diversion/re-routing can be simply set up for a call initially directed to a telephone number associated with a SIM inserted in one reader to be diverted to a telephone number associated with another SIM inserted in the other reader without requiring the user manually to input and specify the telephone number associated with the other SIM. 
       FIG. 7 a    illustrates example screen shots  704  that may be displayed on a display of an apparatus when performing the method of  FIG. 7 . In this example, a first SIM in the first reader has been deactivated. A screen shot of the menu for setting up a call diversion for the first SIM is shown in screen  705 . Upon a user selection to “Activate” call diversion, screen  706  is displayed. Here options are presented to a user to divert calls:
         To SIM2, i.e. the I/C inserted in the second reader   To voice mailbox, or   To other number, i.e. a number to be specified and manually inputted by user.       

     Upon a user selection of “To SIM2”, a call divert operation is carried out by informing the network of the call diversion. Once completed, an information note informing the user that the call divert is activated is displayed as shown in screen shot  707 . After a timeout period the note is removed and the home screen is displayed as indicated in screen  708 . 
     In an alternative embodiment, SIM1 is not deactivated but is available to receive text or picture messages. Voice calls are diverted as outlined above. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates method blocks  800 , each of which can be implemented on their own or in combination with other method blocks. In method block  801  the processor is configured to cause a communication function of the apparatus to be assignable to an integrated circuit inserted in either of the readers. For example, one of the inserted I/C&#39;s could be assigned so as to carry out all outgoing voice communications and/or another of the inserted I/C&#39;s could be assigned so as to carry out all outgoing text communication. In this embodiment, were the apparatus to be connected to a network via a first I/C in the first reader, and a text message were to be sent, the processor would disconnect from the network and connect to a network via the second I/C and then send the text message. 
     Advantageously, a communication function (voice, text or data) could be assigned to and effected by an inserted I/C that is not currently active, that is to say not used in the connection to a currently connected network. 
     A database may be provided which stores information concerning I/C&#39;s and communication functions assigned thereto. Accordingly, a record of an I/C not currently inserted in one of the readers can be stored along with its assigned function so that when such an I/C is inserted it can be used in effecting its assigned communication function, e.g. data (i.e. non-voice or text) communication. 
     In method block  802  the processor is configured so as to cause the automatic switching of which I/C is used to connect to a communication network based upon a trigger. The trigger may relate to receipt of at least one of:
         a) a signal related to time information (e.g. from an internal clock)   b) a signal related to location information (e.g. from an on board positioning device or received from the network)   c) a signal related to initiation of a communication.       

     A time based trigger would enable, for example, connection to a communication network via one of the inserted I/C&#39;s during certain hours and connection to a network (the same or another network) via the other of the inserted I/C&#39;s. Advantageously, this would enable, for example, one ‘work SIM’ to be used during working hours and another ‘home SIM’ to be for non-working hours. Similarly, with a location based trigger, one SIM could be assigned for use at a particular area with another SIM assigned to another area. Advantageously, this would enable, for example, one SIM to be used when in a user&#39;s home country and the other SIM to be used when abroad. 
     Switching which I/C is used to connect to a communication network in response to initiation of a communication (i.e. a voice call, text message or data transmission) may be particularly applicable to the example given above with reference to method block  801 . For example, where the apparatus is connected to a first network via a first I/C and a text message is to be sent but the sending of text messages has been assigned to the second I/C. In this scenario, upon detection of initiation of the text communication, e.g. a signal for causing the transmission of the text message, the connection to first network is disconnected and connection to the second network via the second I/C is effected following which the text message is caused to be transmitted. 
     In the above description, the wording ‘connect’ and ‘couple’ and their derivatives mean operationally connected/coupled. It should be appreciated that any number or combination of intervening components can exist (including no intervening components). Implementation of a processor or controller can be in hardware alone (e.g. a circuit) have certain aspects in software including firmware alone or can be a combination of hardware and software (including firmware). 
     References to ‘computer-readable storage medium’, ‘computer program’, ‘tangibly embodied computer program’ etc. or a ‘controller’, ‘computer’, ‘processor’ etc. should be understood to encompass not only computers having different architectures such as single/multi-processor architectures and sequential (Von Neumann)/parallel architectures but also specialized circuits such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), application specific circuits (ASIC), signal processing devices and other devices. References to computer program, instructions, code etc. should be understood to encompass software for a programmable processor or firmware such as, for example, the programmable content of a hardware device whether instructions for a processor, or configuration settings for a fixed-function device, gate array or programmable logic device etc. 
     Embodiments of the present invention provide both a method and corresponding apparatus consisting of various modules or means that provide the functionality for performing the steps of the method. The modules or means may be implemented as hardware, or may be implemented as software or firmware for execution by a computer processor. In particular, in the case of firmware or software, embodiments of the invention can be provided as a computer program product including a computer readable storage structure embodying computer program code (i.e., the software or firmware) thereon for execution by the computer processor. 
     The method blocks illustrated in  FIGS. 2-7  may represent actions in a method and/or sections of code in computer program instructions. 
     The illustration of a particular order to the blocks does not necessarily imply that there is a required or preferred order for the blocks and the order and arrangement of the block may be varied. Furthermore, it may be possible for some steps to be omitted. 
     It will be understood that each block and combinations of blocks, can be implemented by various means, such as hardware, firmware, and/or software including one or more computer program instructions. For example, one or more of the procedures described above may be embodied by computer program instructions. In this regard, the computer program instructions which embody the procedures described above may be stored by a memory storage device and executed by a processor. As will be appreciated, any such computer program instructions may be loaded onto a computer or other programmable apparatus (i.e., hardware) to produce a machine, such that the instructions which execute on the programmable apparatus create means for implementing the functions specified in the blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable medium that can direct a programmable apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a programmable apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the blocks. 
     Features described in the preceding description may be used in combinations other than the combinations explicitly described. 
     Although functions have been described with reference to certain features, those functions may be performable by other features whether described or not. 
     Although features have been described with reference to certain embodiments, those features may also be present in other embodiments whether described or not. 
     Although various embodiments of the present invention have been described in the preceding paragraphs with reference to various examples, it should be appreciated that modifications to the examples given can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. 
     Whilst endeavouring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those features of the invention believed to be of particular importance it should be understood that the Applicant claims protection in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features hereinbefore referred to and/or shown in the drawings whether or not particular emphasis has been placed thereon.