Patent Publication Number: US-11654337-B2

Title: Golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 17/205,887, filed Mar. 18, 2021, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/820,366, filed Mar. 16, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,981,037, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/418,691, filed May 21, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,653,928, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/803,157, filed Nov. 3, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,335,645, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/290,859, filed Oct. 11, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,814,945, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/040,892, filed Feb. 10, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,550,096, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/115,024, filed Feb. 11, 2015, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/120,760, filed Feb. 25, 2015, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/138,918, filed Mar. 26, 2015, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/184,757, filed Jun. 25, 2015, U.S. Provisional No. 62/194,135, filed Jul. 17, 2015, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/195,211, filed Jul. 21, 2015. 
     U.S. application Ser. No. 16/820,366, filed Mar. 16, 2020, is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/372,009, filed Apr. 1, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,821,334, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/875,416, filed Jan. 19, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,293,220, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/446,842, filed Mar. 1, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,895,582, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/377,120, filed Dec. 13, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,802,087, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 14/939,849, filed Nov. 12, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,555,295, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 14/615,606, filed Feb. 6, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,199,140. 
     U.S. application Ser. No. 16/820,366, filed Mar. 16, 2020, is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/290,610, filed Mar. 1, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,617,918, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/875,496, filed Jan. 19, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,252,123, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/457,627, filed Mar. 13, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,895,583, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/189,806, filed Jun. 22, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,636,554, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 14/667,546, filed Mar. 24, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,399,158, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 14/615,606, filed Feb. 6, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,199,140, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/042,155, filed Aug. 26, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/048,693, filed Sep. 10, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/101,543, filed Jan. 9, 2015, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/105,123, filed Jan. 19, 2015, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/109,510, filed Jan. 29, 2015. 
     U.S. application Ser. No. 16/820,366, filed Mar. 16, 2020, is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/375,553, filed Apr. 4, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,623, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/967,117, filed Apr. 30, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,293,221, which is a continuation application Ser. No. 15/457,618, filed Mar. 13, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,987,526, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/163,393, filed May 24, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,662,547, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 14/667,541, filed Mar. 24, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,352,197, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 14/615,606, filed Feb. 6, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,199,140, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/042,155, filed Aug. 26, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/048,693, filed Sep. 10, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/101,543, filed Jan. 9, 2015, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/105,123, filed Jan. 19, 2015, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/109,510, filed Jan. 29, 2015. 
     This application is a continuation-in-part application Ser. No. 17/231,832, filed Apr. 15, 2021, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/713,942, filed Dec. 13, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,000,742, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/198,128, filed Nov. 21, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,532,257, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/583,756, filed May 1, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,143,899, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/271,574, filed Sep. 21, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,669,270, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/291,793, filed Feb. 5, 2016. 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 17/138,797, filed Dec. 30, 2020, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/542,548, filed Aug. 16, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,898,766, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/967,098, filed Apr. 30, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,420,989, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/687,273, filed Aug. 25, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,981,160, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/380,727, filed Aug. 29, 2016. 
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/542,548, filed Aug. 16, 2019 is also a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/222,580, filed Dec. 17, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,722,764, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/831,148, filed Dec. 4, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,195,101, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/453,701, filed Mar. 8, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,833,667, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/356,539, filed Jun. 30, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/360,802, filed Jul. 11, 2016. 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 15/970,665, filed May 3, 2018, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/667,343, filed Aug. 2, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,213,659, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/512,275, filed May 30, 2017. 
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/970,665, filed May 3, 2018, is also a continuation-in-part application Ser. No. 15/808,552, filed Nov. 9, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,099,093, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/492,711, filed Apr. 20, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,821,201, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/329,662, filed Apr. 29, 2016. 
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/970,665, filed May 3, 2018, is also a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 15/724,035, filed Oct. 3, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,999,814 which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/440,968, filed Feb. 23, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,795,842, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/444,671, filed Jan. 10, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/445,878, filed Jan. 13, 2017. 
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/970,665, filed May 3, 2018, is also a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 15/807,201, filed Nov. 8, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,010,770, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/463,306, filed Mar. 20, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,821,200, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/249,857, filed Aug. 29, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,630,070, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/337,184, filed May 16, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/361,988, filed Jul. 13, 2016. 
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/970,665, filed May 3, 2018, is also a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 15/725,900, filed Oct. 5, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,052,532, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/445,253, filed Feb. 28, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,795,843, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/227,281, filed Aug. 3, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,782,643, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/281,639, filed Jan. 21, 2016, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/296,506, filed Feb. 17, 2016, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/301,756, filed Mar. 1, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/362,491, filed Jul. 14, 2016. 
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/970,665, filed May 3, 2018, is also a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 15/477,972, filed Apr. 3, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,914,029, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/406,408, filed Jan. 13, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,861,867, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/406,856, filed Oct. 11, 2016, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/412,389, filed Oct. 25, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/419,242, filed Nov. 8, 2016. 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 17/155,486, filed Jan. 22, 2021, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/774,449, filed Jan. 28, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,926,142, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/179,406, filed Nov. 2, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,583,336, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/581,456, filed Nov. 3, 2017. 
     This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/889,524, filed Jun. 1, 2020, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/419,639, filed May 22, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,624, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/234,169, filed Dec. 27, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,376,754, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/205,583, filed Nov. 30, 2018, now abandoned, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/662,112, filed Apr. 24, 2018, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/734,176, filed Sep. 20, 2018, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/734,922, filed Sep. 21, 2018, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/740,355, filed Oct. 2, 2018, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/745,113, filed Oct. 12, 2018, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/751,456, filed Oct. 26, 2018, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/772,669, filed Nov. 29, 2018. 
     U.S. application Ser. No. 16/234,169, filed Dec. 27, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,376,754, also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/621,948, filed Jan. 25, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/655,437, filed Apr. 10, 2018. 
     U.S. application Ser. No. 16/419,639, filed May 22, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,624, is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 15/981,094, filed May 16, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,384,102, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/724,035, filed Oct. 3, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,999,814 which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/440,968, filed Feb. 23, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,795,842, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/444,671, filed Jan. 10, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/445,878, filed Jan. 13, 2017. 
     U.S. application Ser. No. 16/889,524 is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/533,352, filed Aug. 6, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,843,051, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/030,403, filed Jul. 9, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,413,787, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/530,734, filed Jul. 10, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/624,294, filed Jan. 31, 2018. 
    
    
     COPYRIGHT AUTHORIZATION 
     The present disclosure may be subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the present disclosure and its related documents, as they appear in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all applicable copyrights. 
     The disclosures of all of the above-referenced applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure generally relates to sports equipment, and more particularly, to golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In golf, various factors may affect the distance and direction that a golf ball may travel. In particular, the center of gravity (CG) and/or the moment of inertia (MOI) of a golf club head may affect the launch angle, spin rate, and direction of the golf ball at impact. Such factors may vary significantly based a type of golf swing. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is top perspective view of an example golf club head according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  2    depicts a bottom perspective view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    depicts a top view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  4    depicts a bottom view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  5    depicts a front view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  6    depicts a rear view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  7    depicts a toe view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  8    depicts a heel view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  9    depicts a bottom view of an example body portion of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  10    depicts a cross-sectional view of the example body portion of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  11    depicts two weight ports of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  12    depicts a top view of an example weight portion of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  13    depicts a side view of the example weight portion of  FIG.  12   . 
         FIG.  14    depicts example launch trajectory profiles of the example golf club head of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  15    depicts a first weight configuration of the example weight portions. 
         FIG.  16    depicts a second weight configuration of the example weight portions. 
         FIG.  17    depicts a third weight configuration of the example weight portions. 
         FIG.  18    depicts a fourth weight configuration of the example weight portions. 
         FIG.  19    depicts an example launch trajectory profile of the example golf club head of  FIG.  18   . 
         FIG.  20    depicts one manner in which the example golf club heads described herein may be manufactured. 
         FIG.  21    depicts a bottom view of another example golf club head. 
         FIG.  22    depicts a bottom view of yet another example golf club head. 
         FIG.  23    is top perspective view of an example golf club head according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  24    depicts a bottom perspective view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  23   . 
         FIG.  25    depicts a front view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  23   . 
         FIG.  26    depicts a rear view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  23   . 
         FIG.  27    depicts a top view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  23   . 
         FIG.  28    depicts a bottom view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  23   . 
         FIG.  29    depicts a toe view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  23   . 
         FIG.  30    depicts a heel view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  23   . 
         FIG.  31    depicts a cross-sectional view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  23    taken at section line  31 - 31  of  FIG.  29     
         FIG.  32    depicts a cross-sectional view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  23    taken at section line  32 - 32  of  FIG.  25   . 
         FIG.  33    depicts a cross-sectional view of an example golf club head of  FIG.  23    taken at section line  31 - 31  of  FIG.  29    according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  34    depicts a cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG.  33    taken at section line  32 - 32  of  FIG.  25   . 
         FIG.  35    depicts a cross-sectional view of an example golf club head of  FIG.  23    taken at section line  31 - 31  of  FIG.  29    according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  36    depicts a cross-sectional view of an example golf club head of  FIG.  23    taken at section line  31 - 31  of  FIG.  29    according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  37    depicts a cross-sectional view of an example golf club head of  FIG.  23    taken at section line  31 - 31  of  FIG.  29    according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  38    depicts a cross-sectional view of an example golf club head of  FIG.  23    taken at section line  31 - 31  of  FIG.  29    according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  39    depicts a cross-sectional view of an example golf club head of  FIG.  23    taken at section line  31 - 31  of  FIG.  29    according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  40    depicts a perspective view of an elastic polymer insert according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  41    is top perspective view of an example golf club head according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  42    depicts a bottom view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  43    depicts a toe view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  44    depicts a top perspective cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG.  41    taken at section line  44 - 44  of  FIG.  43   . 
         FIG.  45    depicts a top perspective cross-sectional view of an example of the golf club head of  FIG.  41    taken at section line  44 - 44  of  FIG.  43    according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  46    depicts a top perspective cross-sectional view an example of the golf club head of  FIG.  41    taken at section line  44 - 44  of  FIG.  43    according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  47    depicts a perspective view of an elastic polymer insert according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  48    is a top perspective view of an example golf club head according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  49    depicts a bottom view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  48   . 
         FIG.  50    depicts a toe view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  48   . 
         FIG.  51    depicts a heel view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  48   . 
         FIG.  52    depicts a top perspective cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG.  48    taken at section line  52 - 52  of  FIG.  51   . 
         FIG.  53    depicts a top perspective cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG.  48    taken at section line  53 - 53  of  FIG.  49   . 
         FIG.  54    depicts a top perspective view of an elastic polymer insert according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  55    depicts a side perspective view of the elastic polymer insert of  FIG.  54   . 
         FIG.  56    is a top perspective view of an example golf club head according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  57    is depicts a bottom view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  56   . 
         FIG.  58    depicts a toe view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  56   . 
         FIG.  59    depicts a heel view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  56   . 
         FIG.  60    depicts a front view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  56   . 
         FIG.  61    depicts a rear view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  56   . 
         FIG.  62    is top perspective view of an example golf club head according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  63    depicts a bottom perspective view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62   . 
         FIG.  64    depicts a top view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62   . 
         FIG.  65    depicts a bottom view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62   . 
         FIG.  66    depicts a front view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62   . 
         FIG.  67    depicts a rear view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62   . 
         FIG.  68    depicts a toe view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62   . 
         FIG.  69    depicts a heel view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62   . 
         FIG.  70    depicts a cross-sectional view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62    taken at section line  70 - 70  of  FIG.  64   . 
         FIG.  71    depicts a cross-sectional view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62    taken at section line  71 - 71  of  FIG.  64   . 
         FIG.  72    depicts a cross-sectional view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62    taken at section line  72 - 72  of  FIG.  64   . 
         FIG.  73    depicts a cross-sectional view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62    taken at section line  73 - 73  of  FIG.  64   . 
         FIG.  74    depicts a top view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62    excluding the crown portion. 
         FIG.  75    depicts a cross-sectional view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62    taken at section line  75 - 75  of  FIG.  74   . 
         FIG.  76    depicts a top view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62    with a golf ball proximate to the face portion. 
         FIG.  77    depicts a cross-sectional view of an example crown portion of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62    taken at section line  77 - 77  of  FIG.  76   . 
         FIG.  78    depicts an enlarged view of a portion of the example crown portion of  FIG.  77   . 
         FIG.  79    depicts an exploded view of an example crown portion for the example golf club head of  FIG.  62   . 
         FIG.  80    is top perspective view of an example golf club head according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  81    depicts a bottom perspective view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  80   . 
         FIG.  82    depicts a front view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  80   . 
         FIG.  83    depicts a rear view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  80   . 
         FIG.  84    depicts a top view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  80   . 
         FIG.  85    depicts a toe view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  80   . 
         FIG.  86    depicts a bottom view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  80   . 
         FIG.  87    depicts a heel view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  80   . 
         FIG.  88    is top perspective view of an example golf club head according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  89    depicts a bottom perspective view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  88   . 
         FIG.  90    depicts a front view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  88   . 
         FIG.  91    depicts a rear view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  88   . 
         FIG.  92    depicts a heel view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  88   . 
         FIG.  93    depicts a toe view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  88   . 
         FIG.  94    depicts a top view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  88   . 
         FIG.  95    depicts a bottom view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  88   . 
         FIG.  96    is top perspective view of an example golf club head prior to attachment of a crown portion and according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  97    is top perspective view of an example golf club head prior to attachment of a crown portion and according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG.  98    depicts a rear perspective view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  80    prior to attachment of a crown portion. 
         FIG.  99    depicts a rear perspective view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  88    prior to attachment of a crown portion. 
         FIG.  100    depicts an exploded view of an example crown portion for an example golf club head. 
         FIG.  101    depicts an exploded view of an example crown portion for an example golf club head. 
         FIG.  102    depicts an exploded view of an example crown portion for an example golf club head. 
     
    
    
     For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawing figures illustrate the general manner of construction, and descriptions and details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure. Additionally, elements in the drawing figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     DESCRIPTION 
     In general, golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads are described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. In the example of  FIGS.  1 - 13   , a golf club head  100  may include a body portion  110 , and a plurality of weight portions  120 , generally, shown as a first set of weight portions  210  ( FIG.  2   ) and a second set of weight portions  220  ( FIG.  2   ). The body portion  110  may include a top portion  130 , a bottom portion  140 , a toe portion  150 , a heel portion  160 , a front portion  170 , and a rear portion  180 . The bottom portion  140  may include a skirt portion  190  defined as a side portion of the golf club head  100  between the top portion  130  and the bottom portion  140  excluding the front portion  170  and extending across a periphery of the golf club head  100  from the toe portion  150 , around the rear portion  180 , and to the heel portion  160 . The bottom portion  140  may include a transition region  230  and a weight port region  240 . For example, the weight port region  240  may be a D-shape region. The weight port region  240  may include a plurality of weight ports  900  ( FIG.  9   ) to receive the plurality of weight portions  120 . The front portion  170  may include a face portion  175  to engage a golf ball (not shown). The body portion  110  may also include a hosel portion  165  to receive a shaft (not shown). Alternatively, the body portion  110  may include a bore instead of the hosel portion  165 . For example, the body portion  110  may be made partially or entirely of an aluminum-based material, a magnesium-type material, a steel-based material, a titanium-based material, any combination thereof, or any other suitable material. In another example the body portion  110  may be made partially or entirely of a non-metal material such as a ceramic material, a composite material, any combination thereof, or any other suitable material. 
     The golf club head  100  may have a club head volume greater than or equal to 300 cubic centimeters (cm 3  or cc). In one example, the golf club head  100  may be about 460 cc. Alternatively, the golf club head  100  may have a club head volume less than or equal to 300 cc. In particular, the golf club head  100  may have a club head volume between 100 cc and 200 cc. The club head volume of the golf club head  100  may be determined by using the weighted water displacement method (i.e., Archimedes Principle). For example, procedures defined by golf standard organizations and/or governing bodies such as the United States Golf Association (USGA) and/or the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews (R&amp;A) may be used for measuring the club head volume of the golf club head  100 . Although  FIG.  1    may depict a particular type of club head (e.g., a driver-type club head), the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to other types of club head (e.g., a fairway wood-type club head, a hybrid-type club head, an iron-type club head, a putter-type club head, etc.). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each of the first set of weight portions  210 , generally shown as  405 ,  410 ,  415 ,  420 ,  425 ,  430 , and  435  ( FIG.  4   ), may be associated with a first mass. Each of the second set of weight portions  220 , generally shown as  440 ,  445 ,  450 ,  455 ,  460 ,  465 ,  470 ,  475 , and  480  ( FIG.  4   ), may be associated with a second mass. The first mass may be greater than the second mass or vice versa. In one example, the first set of weight portions  210  may be made of a tungsten-based material whereas the second set of weight portions  220  may be made of an aluminum-based material. As described in detail below, the first and second set of weight portions  210  and  220 , respectively, may provide various weight configurations (e.g.,  FIGS.  15 - 18   ). 
     Referring to  FIGS.  9 - 11   , for example, the bottom portion  140  of the body portion  110  may include a plurality of weight ports  900 . The plurality of weight ports  900 , generally shown as  905 ,  910 ,  915 ,  920 ,  925 ,  930 ,  935 ,  940 ,  945 ,  950 ,  955 ,  960 ,  965 ,  970 ,  975 , and  980 , may be located along a periphery of the weight port region  240  of the bottom portion  140 . The plurality of weight ports  900  may extend across the bottom portion  140 . In particular, the plurality of weight ports  900  may extend between the toe and heel portions  150  and  160 , respectively, across the bottom portion  140 . The plurality of weight ports  900  may also extend between the front and rear portions  170  and  180 , respectively, across the bottom portion  140 . The plurality of weight ports  900  may be arranged across the bottom portion  140  along a path that defines a generally D-shaped loop. In one example, the plurality of weight ports  900  may extend more than 50% of a maximum toe-to-heel distance  500  between of the toe and heel portions  150  and  160 , respectively, across the bottom portion  140 . The maximum toe-to-heel distance  500  of the golf club head  100  may be measured from transition regions between the top and bottom portions  130  and  140 , respectively, at the toe and heel portions  150  and  160 , respectively. Alternatively, the maximum toe-to-heel distance  500  may be a horizontal distance between vertical projections of the outermost points of the toe and heel portions  150  and  160 , respectively. For example, the maximum toe-to-heel distance  500  may be measured when the golf club head  100  is at a lie angle  510  of about 60 degrees. Referring to  FIG.  5   , if the outermost point of the heel portion  160  is not readily defined, the outermost point of the heel portion  160  may be located at a height  520  of about 0.875 inches (22.23 millimeters) above a ground plane  530  (i.e., a horizontal plane on which the golf club head  100  is lying on). Referring to  FIGS.  9 - 11   , the plurality of weight ports  900  may extend more than 50% of a maximum toe-to-heel club head distance  500  of the golf club head  100 . In particular, the plurality of weight ports  900  may extend between the toe portion  150  and the heel portion  160  at a maximum toe-to-heel weight port distance  995 , which may be more than 50% of the maximum toe-to-heel club head distance  500  of the golf club head  100 . In one example, the maximum toe-to-heel club head distance  500  of the golf club head  100  may be no more than 5 inches (127 millimeters). Accordingly, the plurality of weight ports  900  may extend a weight port maximum toe-to-heel weight port distance of at least 2.5 inches between the toe and heel portions  150  and  160 , respectively. A maximum toe-to-heel weight port distance  995  may be the maximum distance between the heel-side boundary of the weight port farthest from the toe portion  150  and the toe-side boundary of the weight port farthest from the heel portion  160 . In the example of  FIG.  9   , the weight port maximum toe-to-heel weight port distance  995  may be the maximum distance between the heel-side boundary of the weight port  940  and toe-side boundary of the weight port  980 . For example, the maximum toe-to-heel weight port distance  995  may be about 3.7 inches. As the rules of golf may change from time to time (e.g., new regulations may be adopted or old rules may be eliminated or modified by golf standard organizations and/or governing bodies), the lie angle  510  and/or the height  520  for measuring the maximum toe-to-heel club head distance  500  may also change. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each of the plurality of weight ports  900  may be associated with a port diameter (D port ) (e.g., two shown as  1105  and  1110  in  FIG.  11   ). For example, the port diameter of each weight port of the plurality of weight ports  900  may be about 0.3 inch (7.65 millimeters). Alternatively, the port diameters of adjacent weight ports may be different. In one example, the weight port  905  may be associated with a port diameter  1105 , and the weight port  910  may be associated with a port diameter  1110 . In particular, the port diameter  1105  of the weight port  905  may be larger than the port diameter  1110  of the weight port  910  or vice versa. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The bottom portion  140  may also include an outer surface  990 . As illustrated in  FIG.  10   , for example, the plurality of weight ports  900  may be formed on the bottom portion  140  relative to an outer surface curve  1090  formed by the outer surface  990 . In particular, each of the plurality of weight ports  900  may be associated with a port axis generally shown as  1005 ,  1010 , and  1015 . A center of a weight port may define the port axis of the weight port. Each port axis may be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to a plane that is tangent to the outer surface curve  1090  at the point of intersection of the port axis and the outer surface curve  1090 . In one example, substantially perpendicular may refer to a deviation of ±5° from perpendicular. In another example, substantially perpendicular may refer to a deviation of ±3° from perpendicular. The deviation from perpendicular may depend on manufacturing tolerances. 
     In one example, the port axis  1010  may be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular (i.e., normal) to a tangent plane  1012  of the outer surface curve  1090 . Multiple fixtures may be used to manufacture the plurality of weight ports  900  by positioning the golf club head  100  in various positions. Alternatively, the weight ports may be manufactured by multiple-axis machining processes, which may be able to rotate the golf club head around multiple axes to mill away excess material (e.g., by water jet cutting and/or laser cutting) to form the plurality of weight ports  900 . In another example, the golf club head may remain in a fixed position while a tool of the multiple-axis machining process moves relative to the golf club head and forms the plurality of weight ports  900 . Multiple-axis machining processes may provide a suitable surface finish because the milling tool may be moved tangentially about a surface. Accordingly, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may use a multiple-axis machining process to form each of the plurality of weight ports  900  on the bottom portion  140 . For example, a five-axis milling machine may form the plurality of weight ports  900  so that the port axis  1000  of each of the plurality weight ports  900  may be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the outer surface curve  1090 . The tool of the five-axis milling machine may be moved tangentially about the outer surface curve  1090  of the outer surface  990 . 
     Turning to  FIG.  11   , for example, two adjacent weight ports may be separated by a port distance  1100 , which may be the shortest distance between two adjacent weight ports on the outer surface  990 . In particular, the port distance  1100  may be less than or equal to the port diameter of any of the two adjacent weight ports. In one example, the port distance  1100  between the weight ports  905  and  910  may be less than or equal to either the port diameter  1105  or the port diameter  1110 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The plurality of weight portions  120  may have similar or different physical properties (e.g., density, shape, mass, volume, size, color, etc.). In one example, the first set of weight portions  210  may be a black color whereas the second set of weight portions  220  may be a gray color or a steel color. Some or all of the plurality of weight portions  120  may be partially or entirely made of a metal material such as a steel-based material, a tungsten-based material, an aluminum-based material, any combination thereof or suitable types of materials. Alternatively, some or all of the plurality of weight portions  120  may be partially or entirely made of a non-metal material (e.g., composite, plastic, etc.). 
     In the illustrated example as shown in  FIGS.  12  and  13   , each weight portion of the plurality of weight portions  120  may have a cylindrical shape (e.g., a circular cross section). Although the above examples may describe weight portions having a particular shape, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include weight portions of other suitable shapes (e.g., a portion of or a whole sphere, cube, cone, cylinder, pyramid, cuboidal, prism, frustum, or other suitable geometric shape). Each weight portion of the plurality of weight portions  120  may be associated with a diameter  1200  and a height  1300 . In one example, each weight portion of the plurality of weight portions  120  may have a diameter of about 0.3 inch (7.62 millimeters) and a height of about 0.2 inch (5.08 millimeters). Alternatively, the first and second sets of weight portions  210  and  220 , respectively, may be different in width and/or height. 
     Instead of a rear-to-front direction as in other golf club heads, each weight portion of the plurality of weight portions  120  may engage one of the plurality of weight ports  400  in a bottom-to-top direction. The plurality of weight portions  120  may include threads to secure in the weight ports. For example, each weight portion of the plurality of weight portions  120  may be a screw. The plurality of weight portions  120  may not be readily removable from the body portion  110  with or without a tool. Alternatively, the plurality of weight portions  120  may be readily removable (e.g., with a tool) so that a relatively heavier or lighter weight portion may replace one or more of the plurality of weight portions  120 . In another example, the plurality of weight portions  120  may be secured in the weight ports of the body portion  110  with epoxy or adhesive so that the plurality of weight portions  120  may not be readily removable. In yet another example, the plurality of weight portions  120  may be secured in the weight ports of the body portion  110  with both epoxy and threads so that the plurality of weight portions  120  may not be readily removable. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In contrast to other golf club heads, the golf club head  100  may accommodate at least four different types of golf swings. As illustrated in  FIG.  14   , for example, each weight configuration may be associated with one of the plurality of launch trajectory profiles  1400 , generally shown as  1410 ,  1420 , and  1430 . Referring to  FIG.  15   , for example, a first weight configuration  1500  may be associated with a configuration of a first set of weight ports  1510 . The first set of weight ports  1510  may be located at or proximate to the front portion  170  (e.g., weight ports  905 ,  910 ,  915 ,  920 ,  925 ,  930 , and  935  shown in  FIG.  9   ). In the first weight configuration  1500 , a first set of weight portions may be disposed toward the front portion  170  according to the configuration of the first set of weight ports  1510 , whereas a second set of weight portions may be disposed toward the rear portion  180 . In particular, the first set of weight portions may form a cluster according to the configuration of the first set of weight ports  1510  at or proximate to the front portion  170 . The weight portions  405 ,  410 ,  415 ,  420 ,  425 ,  430 , and  435  may define the first set of weight portions and may be disposed in weight ports  905 ,  910 ,  915 ,  920 ,  925 ,  930 , and  935 , respectively. The weight portions  440 ,  445 ,  450 ,  455 ,  460 ,  465 ,  470 ,  475 , and  480  may define the second set of weight portions and may be disposed in weight ports  940 ,  945 ,  950 ,  955 ,  960 ,  965 ,  970 ,  975 , and  980 , respectively. The first weight configuration  1500  may be associated with the first launch trajectory profile  1410  ( FIG.  14   ). In particular, the first weight configuration  1500  may decrease spin rate of a golf ball. By placing relatively heavier weight portions (i.e., the first set of weight portions) towards the front portion  170  of the golf club head  100  according to the configuration of the first set of weight ports  1510 , the center of gravity (GC) of the golf club head  100  may move relatively forward and lower to produce a relatively lower launch and spin trajectory. As a result, the first launch trajectory profile  1410  may be associated with a relatively greater roll distance (i.e., distance after impact with the ground). While the above example may describe the weight portions being disposed in certain weight ports, any weight portion of the first set of weight portions  210  may be disposed in any weight port of the first set of weight ports  1510 . 
     Turning to  FIG.  16   , for example, a second weight configuration  1600  may be associated with a configuration of a second set of weight ports  1610 . The second set of weight ports  1610  may be located at or proximate to the rear portion  180  (e.g., weight ports,  945 ,  950 ,  955 ,  960 ,  965 ,  970 , and  975  shown in  FIG.  9   ). In a second weight configuration  1600  as illustrated in  FIG.  16   , for example, a first set of weight portions may be disposed toward the rear portion  180  whereas a second set of weight portions may be disposed toward the front portion  170 . In particular, the first set of weight portions may form a cluster  1610  at or proximate to the rear portion  180  according to the configuration of the second set of weight ports  1610 . The weight portions  405 ,  410 ,  415 ,  420 ,  425 ,  430 , and  435  may define the first set of weight portions and may be disposed in weight ports  945 ,  950 ,  955 ,  960 ,  965 ,  970 , and  975 , respectively. The weight portions  440 ,  445 ,  450 ,  455 ,  460 ,  465 ,  470 ,  475 , and  480  may define the second set of weight portions and may be disposed in weight ports  905 ,  910 ,  915 ,  920 ,  925 ,  930 ,  935 ,  940 , and  980 , respectively. The second weight configuration  1600  may be associated with the second launch trajectory profile  1420  ( FIG.  14   ). In particular, the second weight configuration  1600  may increase launch angle of a golf ball and maximize forgiveness. By placing the relatively heavier weight portion (i.e., the first set of weight portions) towards the rear portion  180  of the golf club head  100  according to the configuration of the second set of weight ports  1610 , the center of gravity (GC) of the golf club head  100  may move relatively back and up to produce a relatively higher launch and spin trajectory. Further, the moment of inertia (MOI) of the golf club head  100  may increase in both the horizontal (front-to-back axis) and vertical axes (top-to-bottom axis), which in turn, provides relatively more forgiveness on off-center hits. As a result, the second launch trajectory profile  1420  may be associated with a relatively greater carry distance (i.e., in-the-air distance). 
     Turning to  FIG.  17   , for example, a third weight configuration  1700  may be associated with a configuration of a third set of weight ports  1710 . In the third weight configuration  1700 , for example, a first set of weight portions may be disposed toward the heel portion  160  whereas a second set of weight portions may be disposed toward the toe portion  150 . In particular, the first set of weight portions may form a cluster of weight portions at or proximate to the heel portion  160  according to the configuration of the third set of weight ports  1710 . The weight portions  405 ,  410 ,  415 ,  420 ,  425 ,  430 , and  435  may define the first set of weight portions and may be disposed in weight ports  925 ,  930 ,  935 ,  940 ,  945 ,  950 , and  955 , respectively. The weight portions  440 ,  445 ,  450 ,  455 ,  460 ,  465 ,  470 ,  475 , and  480  may define the second set of weight portions and may be disposed in weight ports  905 ,  910 ,  915 ,  920 ,  960 ,  965 ,  970 ,  975 , and  980 , respectively. The third weight configuration  1700  may be associated with a third launch trajectory profile  1430  ( FIG.  14   ). In particular, the third weight configuration  1700  may allow an individual to turn over the golf club head  100  relatively easier (i.e., square up the face portion  175  to impact a golf ball). By placing the relatively heavier weight portions (i.e., the first set of weight portions) towards the heel portion  160  of the golf club head  100 , the center of gravity (GC) of the golf club head  100  may move relatively closer to the axis of the shaft. 
     Turning to  FIG.  18   , for example, a fourth weight configuration  1800  may be associated with a configuration of a fourth set of weight ports  1810 . In a fourth weight configuration  1800 , for example, a first set of weight portions may be disposed toward the toe portion  150  whereas a second set of weight portions may be disposed toward the heel portion  160 . In particular, the first set of weight portions may form a cluster of weight portions at or proximate to the toe portion  150  according to the configuration of the fourth set of weight ports  1810 . The weight portions  405 ,  410 ,  415 ,  420 ,  425 ,  430 , and  435  may define the first set of weight portions and may be disposed in weight ports  905 ,  910 ,  915 ,  965 ,  970 ,  975 , and  980 , respectively. The weight portions  440 ,  445 ,  450 ,  455 ,  460 ,  465 ,  470 ,  475 , and  480  may define the second set of weight portions and may be disposed in weight ports  920 ,  925 ,  930 ,  935 ,  940 ,  945 ,  950 ,  955 , and  960 , respectively. The fourth weight configuration  1800  may be associated with the third launch trajectory profile  1430  ( FIG.  14   ). In particular, the fourth weight configuration  1800  may prevent an individual from turning over the golf club head  100  (i.e., the face portion  175  may be more open to impact a golf ball). By placing the relatively heavier weight portions (i.e., the first set of weight portions) towards the toe portion  150  of the golf club head  100 , the center of gravity (GC) of the golf club head  100  may move relatively farther away from the axis of the shaft. The fourth weight configuration  1800  may result in a fade golf shot (as shown in  FIG.  19   , for example, a trajectory or ball flight in which a golf ball travels to the left of a target  1910  and curving back to the right of the target for a right-handed individual). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  20    depicts one manner in which the golf club head  100  may be manufactured. In the example of  FIG.  20   , the process  2000  may begin with providing a plurality of weight portions (block  2010 ). The plurality of weight portions may include a first set of weight portions and a second set of weight portions. Each weight portion of the first set of weight portions may be associated with a first mass whereas each weight portion of the second set of weight portions may be associated with a second mass. The first mass may be greater than the second mass. In one example, each weight portion of the first set of weight portions may be made of a tungsten-based material with a mass of about 2-5, 3.0-4.5, 3.5-4.25, 4, or 2.6 grams whereas each weight portion of the second set of weight portions may be made of an aluminum-based material with a mass of 0.4 grams. The first set of weight portions may have a gray color or a steel color whereas the second set of weight portions may have a black color. 
     The process  2000  may provide a body portion of a golf club head (block  2020 ). The body portion may include a front portion, a rear portion, a toe portion, a heel portion, a top portion, a bottom portion having an outer surface associated with outer surface curve, and a skirt portion between the top and bottom portion. 
     The process  2000  may form a weight port region located at or proximate to the bottom and skirts portions (block  2030 ). A transition region may surround the weight port region. 
     The process  2000  may form a plurality of weight ports along a periphery of the weight port region (block  2040 ). Each weight port of the plurality of weight ports may be associated with a port diameter and configured to receive at least one weight portion of the plurality of weight portions. Two adjacent weight ports may be separated by less than or equal to the port diameter. Further, each weight port of the plurality of weight ports may be associated with a port axis. The port axis may be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular relative to a tangent plane of the outer surface curve of the bottom portion of the golf club head. 
     The example process  2000  of  FIG.  20    is merely provided and described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1 - 19    as an example of one way to manufacture the golf club head  100 . While a particular order of actions is illustrated in  FIG.  20   , these actions may be performed in other temporal sequences. For example, two or more actions depicted in  FIG.  20    may be performed sequentially, concurrently, or simultaneously. Although  FIG.  20    depicts a particular number of blocks, the process may not perform one or more blocks. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As shown in the above examples, the plurality of weight portions  120  and the plurality of weight ports  900  may be located on a periphery of the weight port region  240  along a path that defines a generally D-shaped loop formed with two arcs, generally shown as  490  and  495  in  FIG.  4   . For example, the weight portions  405 ,  410 ,  415 ,  420 ,  425 ,  430 , and  435  ( FIG.  4   ), and the weight ports  905 ,  910 ,  915 ,  920 ,  925 ,  930 , and  935  ( FIG.  9   ) may form the first arc  490 . In particular, the first arc  490  may extend between the toe and heel portions  150  and  160 , respectively, across the bottom portion  140 . The weight portions  440 ,  445 ,  450 ,  455 ,  460 ,  465 ,  470 ,  475 , and  480  ( FIG.  4   ), the weight ports  940 ,  945 ,  950 ,  955 ,  960 ,  965 ,  970 ,  975 , and  980  ( FIG.  9   ) may form the second arc  495 . The second arc  495  may generally follow the contour of the rear portion  180  of the body portion  110 . Alternatively, the first and second arcs  490  and  495  may define loops with other shapes that extend across the bottom portion  140  (e.g., a generally O-shaped loop). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Although the above examples may depict the plurality of weight portions  120  and the plurality of weight ports  900  forming a particular geometric shape, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may have weight portions and weight ports located along a periphery of a weight portion region to form other geometric shapes. Turning to  FIG.  21   , for example, a golf club head  2100  may include a bottom portion  2110 , and a plurality of weight portions  2120  disposed in a plurality of weight ports  2130 . The plurality of weight ports  2130  may be located along a periphery of a weight port region  2140  of the bottom portion  2110  (i.e., the plurality of weight ports  2130  may extend between the toe and heel portions  2112  and  2114 , respectively, across the bottom portion  2110 ). In contrast to the plurality of weight portions  120  and the plurality of weight ports  900  (e.g.,  FIGS.  4  and  9   ), the plurality of weight ports  2130  may form two discrete arcs, generally shown as  2150  and  2155 , extending across the bottom portion  2110 . 
     The first arc  2150  may extend between the toe portion  2112  and the heel portion  2114 . The first arc  2150  may curve toward the front portion  2170  of the golf club head  2100  (i.e., concave relative to the front portion  2170 ). According to the example of  FIG.  21   , the first arc  2150  may extend from a region proximate the toe portion  2112  to a region proximate to the front portion  2170  and from the region proximate to the front portion  2170  to a region proximate to the heel portion  2114  (i.e., concave relative to the front portion  2170 ). Accordingly, the first arc  2150  may appear as a C-shaped arc facing the rear portion  2180  of the golf club head  2100  that extends between the toe portion  2112  and the heel portion  2114 . The second arc  2155  may also extend between the toe portion  2112  and the heel portion  2114 . The second arc  2155  may curve toward the rear portion  2180  of the golf club head  2100  (i.e., concave relative to the rear portion  2180 ). Accordingly, the second arc  2155  may appear as a C-shaped arc facing the front portion  2170  of the golf club head  2100  that extends between the toe portion  2112  and the heel portion  2114 . Further, the first arc  2150  may be closer to the front portion  2170  than the second arc  2155 . The first arc  2150  and the second arc  2155  may be discrete so that the first and second arcs  2150  and  2155 , respectively, may be spaced apart along the periphery of the bottom portion  2110 . Accordingly, the bottom portion  2110  may include gaps  2190  and  2192  along the periphery of the bottom portion  2110  between the weight ports  2130  of the first arc  2150  and the weight ports  2130  of the second arc  2155 . The gaps  2190  and/or  2192  may be greater than or equal to the port diameter of any of the weight ports  2130  such as the weight ports  2130  that are adjacent to the gaps  2190  and/or  2192 . According to one example as shown in  FIG.  21   , the gaps  2190  and  2192  may be several orders or magnitude larger than the diameters of the weight ports  2130  that are adjacent to the gaps  2190  and  2192 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Referring to  FIG.  21   , for example, the first arc  2150  may include a greater number of weight ports  2130  than the second arc  2155 , which may be suitable for certain golf club heads (e.g., a fairway wood-type golf club head and/or a hybrid-type golf club head). Alternatively, the second arc  2155  may include the same or a greater number of weight ports  2130  than the first arc  2150 . The number of weight ports  2130  in each of the first and second arcs  2150  and  2155 , respectively, the weight portions  2120  associated with each weight port  2130  and the spacing between adjacent weight ports  2130  may be determined based on the type of golf club, a preferred weight distribution of the golf club head  2100 , and/or a center of gravity location of the golf club head  2100 . 
     The weight ports  2130  of the first arc  2150  and/or the second arc  2155  may be spaced from each other at the same or approximately the same distance along the first arc  2150  and/or the second arc  2155 , respectively. Any variation in the spacing between the weight ports  2130  of the first arc  2150  or the second arc  2155  or any of the weight ports described herein may be due to different manufacturing considerations, such as manufacturing tolerances and/or cost effectiveness associated with manufacturing precision. For example, the variation in the spacing between the weight ports  2130  of the first arc  2150  and/or the second arc  2155  may be between 1/16 of an inch to 0.001 inch. As described herein, the distance between adjacent weight ports  2130  (i.e., port distance) may be less than or equal to the port diameter of any of the two adjacent weight ports. The plurality of weight ports  2130  may extend between the toe portion  2112  and the heel portion  2114  at a maximum toe-to heel weight port distance that is more than 50% of a maximum toe-to-heel club head distance  2195  of the golf club head  2100 . The maximum toe-to-heel weight port distance may be the maximum distance between the heel-side boundary of the weight port farthest from the toe portion  2112  and the toe-side boundary of the weight port farthest from the heel portion  2114 . 
     In particular, the golf club head  2100  may have a volume of less than 430 cc. In example, the golf club head  2100  may have a volume ranging from 100 cc to 400 cc. In another example, the golf club head  2100  may have a volume ranging from 150 cc to 350 cc. In yet another example, the golf club head  2100  may have a volume ranging from 200 cc to 300 cc. The golf club head  2100  may have a mass ranging from 100 grams to 350 grams. In another example, the golf club head  2100  may have a mass ranging from 150 grams to 300 grams. In yet another example, the golf club head  2100  may have a mass ranging from 200 grams to 250 grams. The golf club head  2100  may have a loft angle ranging from 10° to 30°. In another example, the golf club head  2100  may have a loft angle ranging from 13° to 27°. For example, the golf club head  2100  may be a fairway wood-type golf club head. Alternatively, the golf club head  2100  may be a smaller driver-type golf club head (i.e., larger than a fairway wood-type golf club head but smaller than a driver-type golf club head). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  22   , for example, a golf club head  2200  may include a bottom portion  2210 , and a plurality of weight portions  2220  disposed in a plurality of weight ports  2230 . The plurality of weight ports  2230  located along a periphery of a weight port region  2240  may be arranged along a path that defines an arc, generally shown as  2250 , extending across the bottom portion  2210  (i.e., the plurality of weight ports  2230  may extend between the toe and heel portions  2212  and  2214 , respectively, across the bottom portion  2210 ). The arc  2250  may curve toward the rear portion  2280  of the golf club head  2200  (i.e., concave relative to the rear portion  2280 ). According to the example of  FIG.  22   , the arc  2250  may extend from a region proximate the toe portion  2212  to a region proximate to the rear portion  2280  and from the region proximate to the rear portion  2280  to a region proximate to the heel portion  2214  (i.e., concave relative to the rear portion  2280 ). Accordingly, the arc  2250  may appear as a C-shaped arc facing the front portion  2270  of the golf club head  2200  that extends from near the heel portion  2214  to near the toe portion  2212 . Further, the curvature of the arc  2250  is substantially similar to or generally follows the contour of the rear portion  2280  of the golf club head  2200 . The number of weight ports  2230  in the arc  2250 , the weight portions  2220  associated with each weight port  2230  and the spacing between adjacent weight ports  2230  may be determined based on the type of golf club, a preferred weight distribution of the golf club head  2200 , and/or a center of gravity location of the golf club head  2200 . 
     The weight ports  2230  of the arc  2250  may be spaced from each other at the same or approximately the same distance along the arc  2250  (e.g., the weight ports  2230  may be substantially similarly spaced apart from each other). Any variation in the spacing between the weight ports  2230  of the arc  2250  or any of the weight ports described herein may be due to different manufacturing considerations, such as manufacturing tolerances and/or cost effectiveness associated with manufacturing precision. For example, the variation in the spacing between the weight ports  2130  of the arc  2250  may be between 1/16 of an inch to 0.001 inch. As described herein, the distance between adjacent weight ports  2230  (i.e., port distance) may be less than or equal to the port diameter of any of the two adjacent weight ports. The plurality of weight ports  2230  may extend between the toe portion  2212  and the heel portion  2214  at a maximum toe-to heel weight port distance that is more than 50% of a maximum toe-to-heel club head distance of 2290 the golf club head  2200 . The maximum toe-to-heel weight port distance may be the maximum distance between the heel-side boundary of the weight port farthest from the toe portion  2212  and the toe-side boundary of the weight port farthest from the heel portion  2214 . 
     In particular, the golf club head  2200  may have a volume of less than 200 cc. In example, the golf club head  2200  may have a volume ranging from 50 cc to 150 cc. In another example, the golf club head  2200  may have a volume ranging from 60 cc to 120 cc. In yet another example, the golf club head  2200  may have a volume ranging from 70 cc to 100 cc. The golf club head  2200  may have a mass ranging from 180 grams to 275 grams. In another example, the golf club head  2200  may have a mass ranging from 200 grams to 250 grams. The golf club head  2200  may have a loft angle ranging from 15° to 35°. In another example, the golf club head  2200  may have a loft angle ranging from 17° to 33°. For example, the golf club head  2200  may be a hybrid-type golf club head. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS.  23 - 32   , a golf club head  2300  may include a body portion  2310 , and a plurality of weight portions  2320 , generally, shown as a first set of weight portions  2410  and a second set of weight portions  2420  ( FIG.  24   ). The body portion  2310  may include a top portion  2330 , a bottom portion  2340 , a toe portion  2350 , a heel portion  2360 , a front portion  2370 , and a rear portion  2380 . The bottom portion  2340  may include a skirt portion  2390  defined as a side portion of the golf club head  2300  between the top portion  2330  and the bottom portion  2340  excluding the front portion  2370  and extending across a periphery of the golf club head  2300  from the toe portion  2350 , around the rear portion  2380 , and to the heel portion  2360 . The bottom portion  2340  may include a transition region  2430  and a weight port region  2440 . For example, the weight port region  2440  may be a D-shape region. The weight port region  2440  may include a plurality of weight ports  2800  ( FIG.  28   ) to receive the plurality of weight portions  2320 . The front portion  2370  may include a face portion  2375  to engage a golf ball (not shown). The body portion  2310  may also include a hosel portion  2365  to receive a shaft (not shown). The hosel portion  2365  may be an integral portion or a separate portion of the body portion  2310 . For example, the hosel portion  2365  may include a hosel sleeve with one end to receive a shaft and an opposite end that may be inserted into the body portion  2310 . Alternatively, the body portion  2310  may include a bore instead of the hosel portion  2365 . The golf club head  2300  may be constructed from similar material, may have a similar volume and be the same type of golf club head as the golf club head  100  or any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each of the first set of weight portions  2410 , generally shown as  2605 ,  2610 ,  2615 , and  2620  may be associated with a first mass. Each of the second set of weight portions  2420 , generally shown as  2640 ,  2645 ,  2650 ,  2655 ,  2660 ,  2665 , and  2670  may be associated with a second mass. The first mass may be greater than the second mass or vice versa. The first and second set of weight portions  2410  and  2420 , respectively, may provide various weight configurations for the golf club head  2300  that may be similar to the various weight configurations for the golf club head  100  or any of the golf club heads described herein. Alternatively, all of the weight portions of the first and second set of weight portions  2410  and  2420 , respectively, may have the same mass. That is, the first and second masses may be equal to each other. The plurality of weight portions  2320  may have similar or different physical properties (e.g., density, shape, mass, volume, size, color, etc.). The weight portions  2320  may be similar in many respects to the weight portions  120  of the golf club head  100  or any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Referring to  FIG.  28   , for example, the bottom portion  2340  of the body portion  2310  may include a plurality of weight ports  2800 . The plurality of weight ports  2800 , generally shown as  2805 ,  2810 ,  2815 ,  2820 ,  2840 ,  2845 ,  2850 ,  2855 ,  2860 ,  2865 , and  2870  may be located on and/or along a periphery of the weight port region  2440  of the bottom portion  2340 . Each of the plurality of weight ports  2800  may be similar in many respects (e.g., port diameter) to any of the weight ports of the golf club head  100  or any of the golf club heads described herein. Further, each of the plurality of weight ports  2800  may be formed on the bottom portion  2340  similar to the formation of the weight ports  900  of the golf club head  100  or any of the golf club heads described herein. Further yet, the plurality of weight ports  2800  may extend across the bottom portion  2340  similar to the configuration of the weight ports  900  of the golf club head  100  or any of the golf club heads described herein. However, the configuration of the weight ports  2800  on the bottom portion  2340  may be different than the configuration of the weight ports  900  of the golf club head  100  or any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example shown in  FIGS.  23 - 32   , the bottom portion  2340  may include an outer surface  2342  and an inner surface  2344 . Each of the outer surface  2342  and the inner surface  2344  may include one or a plurality of support portions, generally shown as  3110 ,  3120 , and  3140 . The outer surface  2342  may include at least one outer support portion  3110  and the inner surface  2344  may include a first set of inner support portions  3120  (generally shown as inner support portions  3121 ,  3122 ,  3123 ,  3124 ,  3125 ,  3126 ,  3127 ,  3128 ,  3129 ,  3130 ,  3131 ,  3132  and  3133 ), and a second set of inner support portions  3140  (generally shown as inner support portions  3141 ,  3142 ,  3143 ,  3144 ,  3145 , and  3146 ). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The outer support portion  3110  may be positioned on the bottom portion  2340  and/or the skirt portion  2390  between any of the weight ports  2800  and/or a periphery of the body portion  2310  as defined by the toe portion  2350 , the heel portion  2360 , the front portion  2370 , and the rear portion  2380 . However, the outer support portion  3110  may be positioned at any location on the golf club head  2300  for structural support of the golf club head  2300 . As an example shown in  FIGS.  23 - 32   , the outer support portion  3110  may be defined by a groove or indentation that extends on the bottom portion  2340  and/or the skirt portion  2390  from the rear portion  2380  toward and/or to the toe portion  2350  proximate to a periphery of the body portion  2310 . The outer support portion  3110  may have any configuration. As illustrated in  FIG.  31   , a width of the outer support portion  3110  may increase from the rear portion  2380  toward the toe portion  2350  while the outer support portion  3110  may follow a contour of the periphery of the body portion  2310  between the rear portion  2380  and the toe portion  2350 . Accordingly, the outer support portion  3110  may resemble a curved triangular groove on the bottom portion  2340 . The depth of the outer support portion  3110  may also vary. Alternatively, the depth of the outer support portion  3110  may be constant. Further, the depth of the outer support portion  3110  may be determined based on the thickness of the bottom portion  2340  and the material from which the bottom portion  2340  is formed. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each inner support portion of the first set of inner support portions  3120  may include walls, ribs and/or any projection from the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340 . Each inner support portion of the first set of inner support portions  3120  may extend from and connect each weight port  2800  to an adjacent weight port or to one or more other non-adjacent weight ports  2800 . As shown in  FIG.  31   , for example, the inner support portion  3121  may include a wall projecting from the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340  and connecting the weight ports  2805  and  2810 . Similarly, as shown in  FIG.  31   , each pair of adjacent weight ports  2810  and  2815 ,  2815  and  2820 ,  2820  and  2840 ,  2840  and  2845 ,  2845  and  2850 ,  2850  and  2855 ,  2855  and  2860 ,  2860  and  2865 ,  2865  and  2870 ,  2870  and  2805  may be connected by inner support portions  3122 ,  3123 ,  3124 ,  3125 ,  3126 ,  3127 ,  3128 ,  3129 ,  3130 ,  3131 , respectively. Accordingly, the inner support portions  3121  through  3131  of the first set of inner support portions  3120  may define a loop-shaped support region  3150  on the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Further, the inner support portion  3132  may include a wall projecting from the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340  and connecting two non-adjacent weight ports such as the weight ports  2805  and  2855 . The inner support portion  3133  may include a wall projecting from the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340  and connecting two non-adjacent weight ports such as the weight ports  2820  and  2855 . Accordingly, the inner support portions  3121 ,  3122 ,  3123 ,  3132  and  3133  may define a triangular support region  3160  on the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340  partially within the loop-shaped support region  3150  and partially overlapping the loop-shaped support region  3150 . The weight ports  2805 ,  2820  and  2855  may define the vertices of the triangular support region  3160 . The first set of inner support portions  3120  may have any configuration, connect any two or more of the weight ports, and/or define any shape. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each inner support portion of the second set of inner support portions  3140  may include walls, ribs and/or any projections on the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340 . Each inner support portion of the second set of inner support portions  3140  may extend from one or more of the weight ports  2800  toward the periphery and/or the skirt portion  2390  of the body portion  2310 . In one example shown in FIG.  31 , the inner support portion  3141  may include a wall connected to the weight port  2805  and extending from the weight port  2805  toward and/or to the toe portion  2350 . The inner support portion  3142  may include a wall connected to the weight port  2870  and extending from the weight port  2870  toward and/or to the toe portion  2350 . The inner support portion  3143  may include a wall connected to the weight port  2865  and extending from the weight port  2865  toward and/or to the toe portion  2350  or the rear portion  2380 . The length, height, thickness, orientation angle, and/or cross-sectional configuration of each of the inner support portions  3141 ,  3142  and  3143  may be configured such that the inner support portions  3141 ,  3142  and  3143  may provide or substantially provide structural support to the bottom portion  2340 , the skirt portion  2390 , the toe portion  2350 , the front portion  2370  and/or the rear portion  2380 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  31   , the inner support portion  3144  may include a wall that may be connected to the weight port  2855  and may extend from the weight port  2855  toward and/or to the rear portion  2380 . The inner support portion  3145  may include a wall connected to the weight port  2845  and extending from the weight port  2845  toward and/or to the heel portion  2360 . The inner support portion  3146  may include a wall connected to the weight port  2820  and extending from the weight port  2820  toward and/or to the heel portion  2360 . The length, height, thickness, orientation angle, and/or cross-sectional configuration of each of the inner support portions  3144 ,  3145  and  3146  may be configured such that the inner support portions  3144 ,  3145  and  3146  may provide or substantially provide structural support to the bottom portion  2340 , the skirt portion  2390 , the heel portion  2360 , the front portion  2370  and/or the rear portion  2380 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first set of inner support portions  3120  may structurally support the bottom portion  2340  by distributing the impact loads exerted on the bottom portion  2340  throughout the bottom portion  2340  when the golf club head  2300  strikes a golf ball (not shown). The second set of inner support portions  3140  may further distribute the impact loads throughout the bottom portion  2340 , the skirt portion  2390 , toe portion  2350 , the heel portion  2360 , the front portion  2370 , and/or the rear portion  2380 . In one example, the second set of inner support portions  3140  may include additional walls, ribs and/or projections (not shown) that connect to any of the weight ports such as weight ports  2840 ,  2850  and  2860  to further distribute impact loads throughout the body portion  2310 . While the above examples may depict a particular number of inner support portions, the bottom portion  2340  may include additional inner support portions (not shown). For example, the bottom portion  2340  may include a plurality of inner support portions (not shown) that connect non-adjacent weight ports  2800  (e.g., weight ports  2815  and  2860 ) and/or the second set of inner support portions  3140 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The width (i.e., thickness), length, height, orientation angle, and/or cross-sectional shape of the inner support portions of the first set of inner support portions  3120  and/or the second set of inner support portions  3140  may be similar or vary and be configured to provide structural support to the golf club head  2300 . For example, the materials from which the bottom portion  2340  and/or the body portion  2310  may be constructed may determine the width, length, height, orientation angle, and/or cross-sectional shape of the inner support portions of the first set of inner support portions  3120  and/or the second set of inner support portions  3140 . For example, the inner support portions of the first set of inner support portions  3120  and/or the second set of inner support portions  3140  may be defined by walls with rectangular cross sections having heights that are similar to the depths of the weight portions  2800 . The length of each inner support portion of the second set of inner support portions  3140  may be configured such that one or more inner support portions of the second set of inner support portions  3140  extend from the bottom portion  2340  to the skirt portion  2390 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Any of the golf club heads described herein may have different configurations of outer support portions and/or inner support portions to provide structural support for the golf club head during impact with a golf ball depending on the size, thickness, materials of construction and/or other characteristics of any portions and/or parts of the golf club head. The different configurations of the outer support portions and/or inner support portions may affect vibration, dampening, and/or noise characteristics of the golf club head when striking a golf ball. Further, the different configurations of the outer support portions and/or the inner support portions may provide structural support to portions of the golf club head that may require additional structural support. For example, a golf club head as described herein may include more inner support portions in addition to the first set of inner support portions and the second set of inner support portions as described herein. For example, a golf club head as described herein may include fewer inner support portions than the first set of inner support portions and the second set of inner support portions as described herein. 
       FIGS.  33  and  34    show another example of the golf club head  2300  with a different configuration of inner support portions. The inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340  may include a first set of inner support portions  3320  (generally shown as inner support portions  3323 ,  3324 ,  3325 ,  3326 , and  3327 ), and a second set of inner support portions  3340  (generally shown as inner support portions  3344 ,  3345 ,  3346 ,  3347  and  3348 ). The first set of inner support portions  3320  and the second set of inner support portions  3340  are closer to the heel portion  2360  than to the toe portion  2350 . For example, the first set of inner support portions  3320  and the second set of inner support portions  3340  may be located on the bottom portion  2340  between a midpoint (not shown) of the body portion  2310  and the heel portion  2360 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first set of inner support portions  3320  may be similar in many respects to any of the inner support portions described herein such as the inner support portions of the first set of inner support portions  3120  shown in  FIG.  31   . As shown in  FIGS.  33  and  34   , for example, the inner support portion  3323  may include a wall projecting from the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340  and connecting the weight ports  2815  and  2820 . Similarly, each pair of adjacent weight ports  2815  and  2820 ,  2820  and  2840 ,  2840  and  2845 ,  2845  and  2850 , and  2850  and  2815  may be connected by inner support portions  3323 ,  3324 ,  3325 ,  3326 , and  3327 , respectively. Accordingly, the inner support portions  3323  through  3327  of the first set of inner support portions  3320  may define a loop-shaped support region  3350  on the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340 . The loop-shaped support region  3350  may be closer to the heel portion  2360  than to the toe portion  2350 . The loop-shaped support region  3350  may be located between a midpoint (not shown) of the body portion  2310  and the heel portion  2360 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The second set of inner support portions  3340  may be similar in many respects to any of the inner support portions described herein such as the second set of inner support portions  3140  shown in  FIG.  31   . As shown in  FIGS.  33  and  34   , for example, the inner support portion  3344  may include a wall connected to the weight port  2850  and extend from the weight port  2850  toward and/or to the rear portion  2380 . The inner support portion  3345  may include a wall connected to the weight port  2845  and extend from the weight port  2845  toward and/or to the heel portion  2360  and the rear portion  2380 . The inner support portion  3346  may include a wall connected to the weight port  2840  and extend from the weight port  2840  toward and/or to the heel portion  2360 . The inner support portion  3347  may include a wall connected to the weight port  2820  and extend from the weight port  2820  toward and/or to the heel portion  2360 . The inner support portion  3348  may include a wall connected to the weight port  2815  and extend from the weight port  3815  toward and/or to the front portion  2370 . The length, height, thickness, orientation angle, and/or cross-sectional configuration of each of the inner support portions  3344 ,  3345 ,  3346 ,  3347  and  3348  may be configured such that the inner support portions  3344 ,  3345 ,  3346 ,  3347  and  3348  may provide or substantially provide structural support to the bottom portion  2340 , the skirt portion  2390 , the heel portion  2360 , the front portion  2370  and/or the rear portion  2380 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  35    shows another example of the golf club head  2300  with a different configuration of the inner support portions. The inner surface  2344  may include a first set of inner support portions  3120  (generally shown as inner support portions  3121 ,  3122 ,  3123 ,  3124 ,  3125 ,  3126 ,  3127 ,  3128 ,  3129 ,  3130  and  3131 ), and a second set of inner support portions  3140  (generally shown as inner support portions  3141 ,  3142 ,  3143 ,  3144 ,  3145 , and  3146 ). Accordingly, the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  43    may be similar to the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  31   , except that the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  43    does not include the inner support portions  3132  and  3133 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In addition to any of the golf club heads described herein having different configurations of outer support portions and/or inner support portions, any of the golf club heads described herein may have different configurations of weight ports in combination with different configurations of the outer support portions and/or the inner support portions. The different configurations of the weight ports may affect the weight distribution of the golf club head. The different configurations of the outer support portions and/or inner support portions may affect stiffness, vibration, dampening, and/or noise characteristics of the golf club head when striking a golf ball. Further, the different configurations of the outer support portions and/or the inner support portions may provide structural support to portions of the golf club head that may require additional structural support. For example, a golf club head as described herein may include more or less weight ports than some of the example golf club heads described herein. For example, a golf club head as described herein may include more inner support portions in addition to the first set of inner support portions and the second set of inner support portions as described herein. For example, a golf club head as described herein may include fewer inner support portions than the first set of inner support portions and the second set of inner support portions as described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  36    shows another example of the golf club head  2300  with a different configuration of the weight ports and different configuration of inner support portions. The bottom portion  2340  may include a plurality of weight ports  2800 , which are generally shown as  2805 ,  2810 ,  2815 ,  2820 ,  2845 ,  2850 ,  2855 ,  2860 , and  2865 . Accordingly, the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  36    is similar to the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  31   , except that the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  36    does not include weight ports  2840  and  2870 . Also, in the example of  FIG.  36   , the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340  may include a first set of inner support portions  3120  (generally shown as inner support portions  3121 ,  3122 ,  3123 ,  3126 ,  3127 ,  3128 , and  3129 ), and a second set of inner support portions  3140  (generally shown as inner support portions  3141 ,  3143 ,  3144 ,  3145 , and  3146 ). Accordingly, the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  36    may be similar to the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  31   , except that the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  36    does not include the inner support portions  3124 ,  3125 ,  3130 ,  3131 ,  3132 ,  3133  and  3142 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example shown in  FIG.  37   , certain regions of the interior of the body portion  2310  of the golf club head  2300  may include an elastic polymer material or an elastomer material, which may be referred to herein as the filler material. The filler material may dampen vibration, dampen noise, lower the center of gravity and/or provide a better feel and sound for the golf club head  2300  when striking a golf ball (not shown). According to one example, the triangular support region  3160  may be filled with the filler material. The filler material may extend from the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340  up to a height of any of the inner support portions  3122 ,  3132  and/or  3133 . However, the filler material may extend below or above the height of any of the inner support portions  3122 ,  3132  and/or  3133 . Further, the thickness of the filler material, which may be defined as the distance the filler material extends from the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340 , may vary. In one example, the thickness of the filler material may be greater around a center portion of the triangular support region  3160  than the sides of the triangular support region  3160 . In another example, the thickness of the filler material may be less around a center portion of the triangular support region  3160  than the sides of the triangular support region  3160 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     According to another example, a support region  3161  defined by the inner support portions  3128 ,  3129 ,  3130 ,  3131  and  3132 ; and a support region  3162  defined by the inner support portions  3124 ,  3125 ,  3136 ,  3137  and  3133  may be filled with the filler material. The filler material may extend from the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340  up to a height of any of the inner support portions defining the support regions  3161  and/or  3162 . However, the filler material may extend below or above the height of any of the inner support portions defining the support regions  3161  and  3162 . Further, the thickness of the filler material, which may be defined as the distance the filler material extends from the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340 , may vary. In one example, the thickness of the filler material may be greater around a center portion of the support region  3161  and/or the support region  3162  than the sides of the support region  3161  and/or the support region  3162 , respectively. In another example, the thickness of the filler material may be less around a center portion of the support region  3161  and/or support region  3162  than the sides of the support region  3161  and/or  3162 , respectively. According to one example, any one or a combination of the support regions  3160 ,  3161  and/or  3162  may be filled with the filler material as described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example shown in  FIG.  38   , which is similar to many respects to the golf club head  2300  shown in  FIG.  33   , certain regions of the interior of the body portion  2310  of the golf club head  2300  may include the filler material, which may be an elastic polymer material or an elastomer material as described. The filler material may dampen vibration, dampen noise, lower the center of gravity and/or provide a better feel and sound for the golf club head  2300  when striking a golf ball (not shown). According to one example, the support region  3350  may be filled with the filler material. The filler material may extend from the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340  up to a height of any of the inner support portions  3323 ,  3324 ,  3325 ,  3326  and/or  3327 . However, the filler material may extend below or above the height of any of the inner support portions  3323 ,  3324 ,  3325 ,  3326  and/or  3327 . Further, the thickness of the filler material, which may be defined as the distance the filler material extends from the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340 , may vary. In one example, the thickness of the filler material may be greater around a center portion of the support region  3350  than the sides of the support region  3350 . In another example, the thickness of the filler material may be less around a center portion of the support region  3350  than the sides of the support region  3350 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Any of the golf club heads described herein may have one or more interior regions that may include a filler material as described. In one example, the filler material be injected into a region of the golf club head from one or more ports on the golf club head to cover or fill the region. The one or more ports that may be used to inject the filler material may be one or more of the weight ports described herein. Accordingly, the filler material may be molded to the shape of the region in which the filler material is injected to cover or fill the region. Alternatively, one or more inserts may be formed from elastic polymer material or an elastomer material (i.e., filler material) and placed in one or more regions of the interior of golf club head.  FIG.  39    shows an example of the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  36    with an insert  3950 , which may be constructed from an elastic polymer material or an elastomer material. The insert  3950  may be manufactured to have a similar shape as the shape of a region  3954  on the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340 . Accordingly, the insert  3950  may have a curvature similar to the curvature of the bottom portion  2340  at the region  3954  to lay generally flat and in contact with the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340 , have a shape that may be similar to the shape of the region  3954  to be inserted in the region  3954  and generally fit within the region  3954 , and/or have a plurality of cutout portions  3956  to generally match the shape and/or contour of sidewall portions of each of the weight ports  2800 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The insert  3950  may have a thickness that may be similar to the height of any of the weight ports  2800 . Accordingly, when the insert  3950  is in the region  3954 , the top portion of the insert  3950  at or proximate to the weight ports  2800  may be at the same height or substantially the same height as the weight ports  2800 . However, the thickness of the insert  3950  may be constant or vary such that the thickness of the insert  3950  at any location of the insert  3950  may be more or less than the height of any of the weight ports  2800 . The insert  3950  may dampen vibration, dampen noise, lower the center of gravity and/or provide a better feel and sound for the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  39    when striking a golf ball (not shown). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The insert  3950  may be manufactured for use with any of the golf club heads described herein. As shown in  FIG.  39   , the insert  3950  may include a plurality of cutout portions  3956  that may generally match the shape of the outer wall portions of the weight ports  2800 . The insert  3950  shown in  FIG.  39    further includes cutout portions  3958  and  3959 . Referring back to  FIG.  35   , when the insert  3950  is used with the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  35   , the cut out portions  3958  and  3959  may generally match the shape of the outer wall portions of the weigh ports  2870  and  2840 , respectively. Accordingly, the insert  3950  may be used in both the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  35    and the golf club head  2300  of  FIG.  36   . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Referring back to  FIG.  31   , the insert  3950  may include channels, grooves or slots (not shown) that may be sized and shaped to receive the inner support portions  3132  and  3133  therein. Accordingly, an insert  3950  may be manufactured with the described channels, grooves or slot for use with the golf club heads  2300  of  FIGS.  31 ,  33 ,  35  and  36   . Alternatively, one or more inserts may be manufactured that may only fit one of the golf club heads described herein. For example, each of the golf club heads described herein may include one or more inserts that may have a certain shape for fitting only within one or more regions in the golf club head. Referring back to  FIG.  31   , for example, the golf club head  2300  may include a first insert (not shown) for fitting in the support region  3161 , a second insert (not shown) for fitting in the triangular support region  3160 , and a third insert (not shown) for fitting in the support region  3162 . Referring back to  FIG.  33   , for example, the golf club head  3300  may include an insert (not shown) for fitting in the support region  3350 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Any of the inserts described herein may be manufactured from an elastic polymer material as a one-piece continuous part. In the example of  FIG.  39   , the insert  3950  may be a one-piece continuous part without any recesses and/or holes.  FIG.  40    illustrates an insert  4050  that is similar in many respects to the insert  3950 . Accordingly, in one example, the insert  4050  may be manufactured to have a similar shape as the shape of the region  3954  on the inner surface  2344  of the bottom portion  2340  of the golf club head  23  of  FIG.  39    and further include a plurality of cutout portions  4056  similar to the cutout portions  3956 ,  3958  and  3959  as described herein. The insert  4050  further includes a plurality of holes  4062  that may reduce the weight of the insert  4050  and/or the amount of material used for the construction of the insert  4050 . The insert  4050  may include any number of holes  4062  arranged in any configuration on the insert  4050 . In the example of  FIG.  40   , the insert  4050  includes a plurality of hexagonal holes  4062  that extend through the thickness of the insert  4050  and are arranged on the insert  4050  to define a pattern similar to a honeycomb pattern. The holes  4062  may have any shape or spacing. Although the above example may describe holes having a particular shape, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include holes of other suitable shapes (e.g., circular, triangular, octagonal, or other suitable geometric shape). Further, the holes  4062  may be similar or different in shape, size and/or arrangement on the insert  4050 . In one example, the insert  4050  may include a plurality of round holes (not shown). In another example, the insert  4050  may include a plurality of slots, grooves and/or slits (not shown). In yet another example, the insert  4050  may include recesses (not shown) that do not extend through the insert  4050 . In the example in  FIG.  96   , a golf club head  9600  is shown prior to attachment of a crown portion to a body portion  9610 . An insert  9650  is provided within an interior region of the golf club head. The insert  9650  may be formed from elastic polymer material or an elastomer material (i.e., filler material) as described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example in  FIG.  97   , a golf club head  9700  is shown prior to attachment of a crown portion to a body portion  9710 . An insert  9750  is provided within an interior region of the golf club head  9700 . The insert  9750  may dampen vibrations within the golf club head  9700  resulting from impact with a golf ball, which may improve sound or feel perceived by an individual. The insert  9750  may be formed from elastic polymer material or an elastomer material (i.e., filler material) as described herein. The insert  9750  may include a central opening  9751 . The central opening  9751  may improve weight distribution of the insert within the golf club head. The size and location of the central opening  9751  in the insert  9650  may increase MOI of the golf club head  9700  by reducing weight in a central sole region of the golf club head  9600 . The central opening  9751  may have an area that is greater than or equal to about 10% of a total interior surface area  9716  of a sole portion of the golf club head. The central opening  9751  may have an area that is greater than or equal to about 15% of a total interior surface area  9716  of a sole portion of the golf club head. The central opening  9751  may have an area that is greater than or equal to about 20% of a total interior surface area  9716  of a sole portion of the golf club head. The central opening  9751  may have an area that is greater than or equal to about 25% of a total interior surface area  9716  of a sole portion of the golf club head. The insert  9750  may be adjacent to one or more of the weight ports (e.g.  9732 - 9740 ). The insert  9750  may surround one or more of the weight ports (e.g.  9732 - 9740 ). The insert  9750  may surround the first set of weight ports (e.g.  9738 - 9740 ). The insert  9750  may abut the second set of weight ports (e.g.  9732 - 9734 ). The insert  9750  may abut the third set of weight ports (e.g.  9735 - 9737 ). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Any of the filler materials and or inserts described herein may be an elastic polymer or elastomer material (e.g., a viscoelastic urethane polymer material such as Sorbothane® material manufactured by Sorbothane, Inc., Kent, Ohio), a thermoplastic elastomer material (TPE), a thermoplastic polyurethane material (TPU), and/or other suitable types of materials to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise. In another example, the filler material may be a high density ethylene copolymer ionomer, a fatty acid modified ethylene copolymer ionomer, a highly amorphous ethylene copolymer ionomer, an ionomer of ethylene acid acrylate terpolymer, an ethylene copolymer comprising a magnesium ionomer, an injection moldable ethylene copolymer that may be used in conventional injection molding equipment to create various shapes, an ethylene copolymer that can be used in conventional extrusion equipment to create various shapes, and/or an ethylene copolymer having high compression and low resilience similar to thermoset polybutadiene rubbers. For example, the ethylene copolymer may include any of the ethylene copolymers associated with DuPont™ High-Performance Resin (HPF) family of materials (e.g., DuPont™ HPF AD1172, DuPont™ HPF AD1035, DuPont® HPF 1000 and DuPont™ HPF 2000), which are manufactured by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company of Wilmington, Del. The DuPont™ HPF family of ethylene copolymers are injection moldable and may be used with conventional injection molding equipment and molds, provide low compression, and provide high resilience. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The filler material including any of the inserts that may be manufactured from the filler material as described herein may be bonded, attached and/or connected to any of the golf club heads described herein by a bonding portion (not shown) to improve adhesion and/or mitigate delamination between the body portion of any of the golf club heads described herein and the filler material. The bonding portion may be a bonding agent, an epoxy, a combination of bonding agents, a bonding structure or attachment device, a combination of bonding structures and/or attachment devices, and/or a combination of one or more bonding agents, one or more bonding structures and/or one or more attachment devices. In one example, the bonding portion may be low-viscosity, organic, solvent-based solutions and/or dispersions of polymers and other reactive chemicals such as MEGUM™, ROBOND™, and/or THIXON™ materials manufactured by the Dow Chemical Company, Auburn Hills, Mich. In another example, the bonding portion may be LOCTITE® materials manufactured by Henkel Corporation, Rocky Hill, Conn. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS.  41 - 47   , a golf club head  4100  may include a body portion  4110  with a top portion  4130 , a bottom portion  4140 , a toe portion  4150 , a heel portion  4160 , a front portion  4170 , and a rear portion  4180 . The bottom portion  4140  may include a skirt portion (not shown) defined as a side portion of the golf club head  4100  between the top portion  4130  and the bottom portion  4140  excluding the front portion  4170  and extending across a periphery of the golf club head  4100  from the toe portion  4150 , around the rear portion  4180 , and to the heel portion  4160 . The bottom portion  4140  may include a transition region  4230  and a weight port region  4240 . The transition region  4230  may be defined by a groove or a channel on the bottom portion  4140 . Further, the transition region  4230  may define the boundary of the weight port region  4240 . The front portion  4170  may include a face portion  4175  to engage a golf ball (not shown). The body portion  4110  may also include a hosel portion  4165  that may be similar in many respects to any of the hosel portions described herein. Alternatively, the body portion  4110  may include a bore instead of the hosel portion  4165 . The body portion  4110  may be made partially or entirely from any of the materials described herein. Further, the golf club head  4100  may be any type of golf club head having a club head volume similar to the club head volume of any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The body portion  4110  may include a plurality of weight portions  4120  ( FIG.  42   ), generally, shown as a first set of weight portions  4210  (generally shown as weight portions  4405 ,  4410 ,  4415 ,  4420  and  4425 ) and a second set of weight portions  4220  (generally shown as weight portions  4445 ,  4450 ,  4455 ,  4460  and  4465 ). The weight port region  4240  may have a shape similar to the weight port regions of any of the golf club heads described herein. The weight port region  4240  may include a plurality of weight ports  4600  (generally shown as weight ports  4605 ,  4610 ,  4615 ,  4620 ,  4625 ,  4645 ,  4650 ,  4655 ,  4660  and  4665 ) to receive the plurality of weight portions  4120 . The characteristics (e.g., density, shape, volume, size, color, dimensions, depth, diameter, materials of construction, mass, method of formation, etc.), location on the golf club head (e.g., location relative to the periphery of the golf club head and/or location relative to other weight portions and/or weight ports), and/or any other properties of each weight portion of the plurality of weight portions  4120  and each weight port of the plurality of weight ports  4600  may be similar in many respects to each weight portion and weight port, respectively, of any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The outer surface  4142  and/or the inner surface  4144  of the bottom portion  4140  may include one or a plurality of support portions similar to any of the inner or outer support portions described herein. The outer surface  4142  may include at least one outer support portion  4310 . The outer support portion  4310  may be similar in many respects including the function thereof to the outer support portion  3110  of the golf club head  2300 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The inner surface  4144  may include an inner support portion  4320 , which may be also referred to herein as the inner wall portion  4320 . The inner support portion  4320  may include a wall, a rib and/or any projection extending from the inner surface  4144  of the bottom portion  4140 . The inner support portion  4320  may extend around some or all of the weight ports  4600  to partially or fully surround the weight ports  4600 . In the example of  FIGS.  41 - 47   , the inner support portion  4320  fully surrounds the weight ports  4600 . Accordingly, the inner support portion  4320  may define an inner port region  4325  on the inner surface  4144  of the bottom portion  4140 . The inner support portion  4320  may structurally support the bottom portion  4140  by distributing the impact loads exerted on the bottom portion  4140  throughout the bottom portion  4140  when the golf club head  100  strikes a golf ball (not shown). While the above examples may depict a particular inner support portion, the bottom portion  4140  may include additional inner support portions and/or any type of support portions (not shown). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The width (i.e., thickness), length, height, orientation angle, and/or cross-sectional shape of the inner support portion  4320  may be similar or vary along the length of the inner support portion  4320  and be configured to provide structural support to the golf club head  4100 . For example, characteristics of the body portion  4110  and/or the bottom portion  4140  including the materials from which the bottom portion  4140  and/or the body portion  4110  is constructed may determine the width, length, height, orientation angle, and/or cross-sectional shape of the inner support portion  4320  along the length of the inner support portion  4320 . In one example, the inner support portion  4320  may be defined by a wall having a height that may be similar to the depths of the weight portions  4600 . In another example, the inner support portion  4320  may be defined by a wall having a height that may be greater than the depths of the weight portions  4600 . In yet another example, the inner support portion  4320  may be defined by a wall having a height that may be smaller than the depths of the weight portions  4600 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example shown in  FIG.  45   , certain regions of the interior of the body portion  4110  of the golf club head  4100  may include an elastic polymer material or an elastomer material, which may be referred to herein as the filler material  4510 . The filler material  4510  may dampen vibration, dampen noise, lower the center of gravity and/or provide a better feel and sound for the golf club head  4100  when striking a golf ball (not shown). According to one example, the inner port region  4325 , which may be defined by the inner surface  4144  of the bottom portion  4140  and the inner support portion  4320 , may partially or fully include the filler material  4510 . The filler material  4510  may extend from the inner surface  4144  of the bottom portion  4140  up to the height of the inner support portion  4320 . However, the filler material  4510  may extend below or above the inner support portion  4320 . Accordingly, if the height of the inner support portion  4320  is greater than or equal to the depth of the weight ports  4600 , the weight ports  4600  may be surrounded and/or covered by the filler material  4510 , respectively, which may provide vibration dampening, noise dampening, and/or a better feel and sound for the golf club head  4100  when striking a golf ball (not shown). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The height or thickness of the filler material  4510  in the inner port region  4325  may be constant or may vary. In one example, the thickness of the filler material  4510  may be greater around a center portion of the inner port region  4325  than at one or more perimeter portions of the inner port region  4325 . In another example, the thickness of the filler material  4510  may be less around a center portion of the inner port region  4325  than at one or more perimeter portions of the inner port region  4325 . In yet another example, the thickness of the filler material  4510  may be greater at or around the weight ports  4600  than at other locations of the inner port region  4325 . In one example, the entire inner port region  4325  may be filled with a filler material  4510 . In another example, only portions of the inner port region  4325  may be filled with a filler material  4510 . Accordingly, some of the weight ports  4600  may not be partially or fully surrounded and/or covered with the filler material  4510 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Any of the golf club heads described herein, including the golf club head  4100 , may have one or more interior regions that may include a filler material as described herein. In one example, the filler material  4510  may be injected into the inner port region  4325  of the body portion  4110  from one or more of the weight ports  4600 . In the example of  FIGS.  41 - 47   , each of the weight ports  4615  and  4655  may include an opening  4616  and  4656 , respectively, into the inner port region  4325  or the interior of the body portion  4110 . Accordingly, the openings  4616  and  4656  may be used to inject the filler material  4510  into the inner port region  4325 . In one example, one of the openings  4616  or  4656  may be used to inject filler material into inner port region  4325 , while the other opening  4656  or  4616 , respectively, may be used for the air that is displaced by the filler material injected into the body portion  4110  to escape. The inner support portion  4320  may provide a boundary or a holding perimeter for the filler material  4510  when the filler material  4510  is injected into the body portion  4110 . The filler material  4510  may be injected into the inner port region  4325  until the height of the filler material  4510  is similar, substantially similar, or greater than to the height of the inner support portion  4320 . Accordingly, the filler material may be molded to the shape of the inner port region  4325 . Alternatively, the inner port region  4325  may be partially filled with the filler material  4510 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Alternatively, one or more inserts may be formed from an elastic polymer material or an elastomer material (e.g., filler material) and placed in one or more regions of the interior of golf club head.  FIG.  46    shows an example of the golf club head  4100  of  FIG.  41    with an insert  4750 , which may be constructed from an elastic polymer material or an elastomer material. The insert  4750  may be manufactured to have a similar shape as the shape of the inner port region  4325 . Accordingly, the insert  4750  may have a curvature similar to the curvature of the bottom portion  4140  at the inner port region  4325  to lay generally flat and in contact with the inner surface  4144  of the bottom portion  4140 . The insert  4750  may have a shape that may be similar to the shape of the inner port region  4325  to be inserted in the inner port region  4325  and generally fit within the inner port region  4325 . Further, the insert  4750  may be surrounded and/or in contact with the inner support portion  4320 . The inner support portion  4320  may engage all or portions of the perimeter of the insert  4750  to assist in maintaining the insert in the inner port region  4325  or maintain the insert in the inner port region  4325 . The insert  4750  may have a plurality of cutout portions  4756  to generally match the shape and/or contour of the sidewall portions of each of the weight ports  4600 . Accordingly, when the insert  4750  is placed in the inner port region  4325 , each port of the plurality of weight ports  4600  is received in a corresponding cutout portion  4756 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The insert  4750  may have a thickness that may be similar or substantially similar to the height of any of the weight ports  4600 . Accordingly, when the insert  4750  is in the inner port region  4325 , the top portion of the insert  4750  at or proximate to the weight ports  4600  may be at the same or substantially the same height as the weight ports  4600 . However, the thickness of the insert  4750  may vary such that the thickness of the insert  4750  at any location of the insert  4750  may be more or less than the height of any of the weight ports  4600 . The insert  4750  may dampen vibration, dampen noise, lower the center of gravity and/or provide a better feel and sound for the golf club head  4100  when striking a golf ball (not shown). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Any of the inserts described herein may be manufactured from an elastic polymer material as a one-piece continuous part. The insert  4750  may be a one-piece continuous part without any recesses and/or holes. According to the example shown in  FIG.  47   , the insert  4750  may include a plurality of holes  4762  that may reduce the weight of the insert  4750 . The insert  4750  may include any number of holes  4762  arranged in any configuration on the insert  4750 . In the example of  FIG.  47   , the insert  4750  includes a plurality of hexagonal holes  4762  that extend through the thickness of the insert  4750  and are arranged on the insert  4750  to define a pattern that is similar to a honeycomb pattern. The holes  4762  may have any shape or spacing. Although the above example may describe holes having a particular shape, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include holes of other suitable shapes (e.g., circular, triangular, octagonal, or other suitable geometric shape). Further, the openings may be similar or different in shape, size and or arrangement on the insert  4750 . In one example, the insert  4750  may include a plurality of round holes (not shown). In another example, the insert  4750  may include a plurality of slots, grooves and/or slits (not shown). In yet another example, the insert  4750  may include recesses (not shown) instead of holes that do not extend through the insert  4750 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The filler material  4510  and or the insert  4750  may be manufactured from any of the materials described herein. The filler material  4510  or the insert  4750  may be bonded, attached and/or connected to the body portion  4110  of the golf club head  4100  by a bonding portion (not shown) to improve adhesion and/or mitigate delamination between the body portion  4110  and the filler material  4510  or the insert  4750 . Further, as described herein, the inner support portion  4320  may engage the insert  4750  to partially or fully maintain the insert  4750  in the inner port region  4325 . In one example, the insert  4750  may be maintained in the inner port region  4325  by frictionally engaging the inner support portion  4320  and/or a bonding portion bonding the insert  4750  to the inner support portion  4320  and/or the inner surface  4144  of the bottom portion  4140 . The bonding portion may be any of the bonding portions described herein such as a bonding agent, an epoxy, a combination of bonding agents, a bonding structure or attachment device, a combination of bonding structures and/or attachment devices, and/or a combination of one or more bonding agents, one or more bonding structures and/or one or more attachment devices. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS.  48 - 55   , a golf club head  4800  may include a body portion  4810  with a top portion  4830  having a crown portion  4835 , a bottom portion  4840 , a toe portion  4850 , a heel portion  4860 , a front portion  4870 , and a rear portion  4880 . The bottom portion  4840  may include a skirt portion (not shown) defined as a side portion of the golf club head  4800  between the top portion  4830  and the bottom portion  4840  excluding the front portion  4870  and extending across a periphery of the golf club head  4800  from the toe portion  4850 , around the rear portion  4880 , and to the heel portion  4860 . The front portion  4870  may include a face portion  4875  to engage a golf ball (not shown). The body portion  4810  may also include a hosel portion  4865  that may be similar in many respects to any of the hosel portions described herein. Alternatively, the body portion  4810  may include a bore instead of the hosel portion  4865 . The body portion  4810  may be made partially or entirely from any of the materials described herein. Further, the golf club head  4800  may be any type of golf club head having a club head volume similar to the club head volume of any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  4835  may be a separately formed piece that may be attached to the top portion  4830 . The crown portion  4835  may be constructed from one or more different materials than the body portion  4810 . In one example (not shown), the crown portion  4835  may be at least partially constructed from a composite material such as a graphite-based composite material. In another example (not shown), the crown portion  4835  may include two outer layers constructed from a composite material, such as a graphite epoxy composite material, and an inner layer constructed from an elastic polymer material. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The bottom portion  4840  may include a plurality of weight port regions, which are shown for example as a first weight port region  4910 , a second weight port region  4920  and a third weight port region  4930 . The first weight port region  4910  may be near the heel portion  4860  or be closer to the heel portion  4860  than the toe portion  4850  and include a first set of weight ports  4911  (generally shown as weight ports  4912 ,  4914  and  4916 ). The second weight port region  4920  may be near the front portion  4870  or be closer to the front portion  4870  than the rear portion  4880  and include a second set of weight ports  4921  (generally shown as weight ports  4922 ,  4924  and  4926 ). The third weight port region  4930  may be near the rear portion  4880  or be closer to the rear portion  4880  than the front portion  4870  and include a third set of weight ports  4931  (generally shown as weight ports  4932 ,  4934  and  4936 ). The bottom portion may include more than three weight port regions or less than three weight port regions with each weight port region including any number of weight ports. The body portion  4810  may include a plurality of weight portions, shown as a first set of weight portions  4960  (generally shown as weight portions  4962 ,  4964 , and  4966 ), a second set of weight portions  4970  (generally shown as weight portions  4972 ,  4974 , and  4976 ), and a third set of weight portions  4980  (generally shown as weight portions  4982 ,  4984  and  4986 ). Each weight port may receive a weight portion similar to any of the golf club heads described herein. In one example, one or more weight ports may not include weight portions. The characteristics (e.g., density, shape, volume, size, color, dimensions, depth, diameter, materials of construction, mass, method of formation, etc.) and/or any other properties of each weight portion of the plurality of weight portions and each weight port of the plurality of weight ports may be similar in many respects to each weight portion and weight port, respectively, of any of the golf club heads described herein. In one example, the weight ports and the weight portions of the golf club head of  FIGS.  48 - 55    may have greater dimensions (i.e., length, width, diameter, depth, etc.) than any of the weight ports and/or weight portions, respectively, described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The weight portions of the first set of weight portions  4960 , the second set of weight portions  4970  and/or the third set of weight portions  4980  may have similar or different masses. In one example, the overall mass of the first set of weight portions  4960  may be greater than the overall mass of the second set of weight portions  4970  and/or the third set of weight portions  4980 . In another example, the overall mass of the second set of weight portions  4970  may be greater than the overall mass of the first set of weight portions  4960  and/or the third set of weight portions  4980 . In yet another example, the overall mass of the third set of weight portions  4980  may be greater than the overall mass of the second set of weight portions  4970  and/or the first set of weight portions  4960 . The masses of the weight portions in each of the first set of weight portion  4960 , the second set of weight portions  4970  and/or the third set of weight portions  4980  may be similar or different. Accordingly, by using weight portions having similar or different masses in each of the weight port regions  4910 ,  4920  and/or  4930 , the overall mass in each weight port region and/or the mass distribution in each weight port region may be adjusted to generally optimize and/or adjust the swing weight, center of gravity, moment of inertia, and/or an overall feel of the golf club head for an individual using the golf club head  4800 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The outer surface  4842  and/or the inner surface  4844  of the bottom portion  4840  may include one or more inner support portions (not shown) and/or one or more outer support portion (not shown) similar to any of the inner support portions and the outer support portions described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Certain regions of the interior of the body portion  4810  may include an elastic polymer material or an elastomer material similar to any of the golf club heads described herein. The filler material may dampen vibration, dampen noise, lower the center of gravity and/or provide a better feel and sound for the golf club head  4800  when striking a golf ball (not shown). The golf club head  4800 , may have one or more interior regions that may include a filler material as described herein. In one example, the filler material may be injected into the body portion  4810  from one or more of the weight ports as described herein. In the example of  FIGS.  48 - 55   , each of the weight ports  4924  and  4934  may include an opening  4925  and  4935 , respectively, into the interior of the body portion  4810 . Accordingly, the openings  4925  and/or  4935  may be used to inject the filler material into the body portion  4810 . In one example, one of the openings  4925  or  4935  may be used to inject filler material into the body portion  4810 , while the other opening  4935  or  4925 , respectively, may be used for the air that is displaced by the filler material injected into the body portion  4810  to escape. The body portion may include one or more inner support portions (not shown) similar to any of the inner support portions described herein that may provide a boundary or a holding perimeter for the filler material when the filler material is injected into the body portion  4810 . The filler material may be injected into the body portion  4810  until the height of the filler material is similar, substantially similar, or greater than to the height of one or of the weight ports of the first set of weight ports  4911 , second set of weight ports  4921  and/or third set of weight ports  4931 . Accordingly, the filler material may be molded to the shape of one or more portions of the bottom portion  4840  or the entire bottom portion  4840 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Alternatively, one or more inserts may be formed from an elastic polymer material or an elastomer material (e.g., filler material) and placed in one or more regions of the interior of golf club head  4800 .  FIGS.  52 - 55    show an example of the golf club head  4800  of  FIG.  48    with an insert  5450 , which may be constructed from an elastic polymer material or an elastomer material. The insert  5450  may be manufactured to have a similar shape as the shape of all or portions of the inner surface  4844  of the bottom portion  4840 . Accordingly, as shown in  FIG.  55   , the insert  5450  may have a curvature similar to the curvature of the bottom portion  4840  so as to lay generally flat and in contact with the inner surface  4844  of the bottom portion  4840 . The insert  5450  may be partially and/or fully surrounded and/or in contact with any inner support portions (not shown) on the inner surface  4844  of the body portion  4810 . The insert  5450  may have a plurality of cutout portions  5456  to generally match the shape and/or contour of the sidewall portions of each of the weight ports of the first set of weight ports  4911 , second set of weight ports  4921  and/or third set of weight ports  4931 . Accordingly, when the insert  5450  is placed on the inner surface  4844  of the bottom portion  4840 , each port of the plurality of weight ports is received in a corresponding cutout portion  5456 . Each weight port extending through a corresponding cutout portion  5456  may assist in maintaining the position of the insert  5450  on the inner surface  4844  of the bottom portion  4840 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The insert  5450  may partially cover and/or fully cover the inner surface  4844  of the bottom portion  4840 . In the example of  FIGS.  52 - 55   , the insert  5450  extends from the front portion  4870  to the rear portion  4880  and from a location at or near the heel portion  4860  to a location on the inner surface  4844  of the bottom portion  4840  near the toe portion  4850 . In one example, the insert  5450  may not extend to the toe portion  4850 . In another example (not shown), the insert  5450  may extend to the toe portion  4850 . The insert  5450  may cover any portion of the inner surface  4844  of the bottom portion  4840  so that the insert  5450  surrounds and/or contacts all of the weight ports that may be on the bottom portion  4840 . For example, as shown in  FIG.  52   , the insert  5450  extends from the heel portion  4860  until past the weight ports  4922  and  4936  to surround and/or contact all of the weight ports of the first set of weight ports  4911 , second set of weight ports  4921  and/or third set of weight ports  4931 . Accordingly, the insert  5450  may dampen vibration and/or dampen noise at or around each of the weight ports of the first set of weight ports  4911 , second set of weight ports  4921  and/or third set of weight ports  4931  to provide a better feel and sound for the golf club head  4800  when striking a golf ball (not shown). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The insert  5450  may have a thickness that may be similar or substantially similar to the height of any of the weight ports of the first set of weight ports  4911 , second set of weight ports  4921  and/or third set of weight ports  4931 . Accordingly, when the insert  5450  is in contact with the inner surface  4844  of the bottom portion  4840 , the top portion of the insert  5450  at or proximate to the weight ports of the first set of weight ports  4911 , second set of weight ports  4921  and/or third set of weight ports  4931  may be at the same or substantially the same height as the weight ports of the first set of weight ports  4911 , second set of weight ports  4921  and/or third set of weight ports  4931 . However, the thickness of the insert  5450  may vary such that the thickness of the insert  5450  at any location of the insert  5450  may be more or less than the height of any of the weight ports of the first set of weight ports  4911 , second set of weight ports  4921  and/or third set of weight ports  4931 . The insert  5450  may dampen vibration, dampen noise, lower the center of gravity and/or provide a better feel and sound for the golf club head  4800  when striking a golf ball (not shown). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Any of the inserts described herein may be manufactured from an elastic polymer material as a one-piece continuous part. The insert  5450  may be a one-piece continuous part without any recesses and/or holes. According to the example shown in  FIGS.  52 - 55   , the insert  5450  may include a plurality of holes  5462  that may reduce the weight of the insert  5450 . The insert  5450  may include any number of holes  5462  arranged in any configuration on the insert  5450 . The insert  5450  includes a plurality of hexagonal holes  5462  that extend through the thickness of the insert  5450  and are arranged on the insert  5450  to define a pattern that is similar to a honeycomb pattern. The holes  5462  may have any shape or spacing. Although the above example may describe holes having a particular shape, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include holes of other suitable shapes (e.g., circular, triangular, octagonal, or other suitable geometric shape). Further, the openings may be similar or different in shape, size and or arrangement on the insert  5450 . In one example, the insert  5450  may include a plurality of round holes (not shown). In another example, the insert  5450  may include a plurality of slots, grooves and/or slits (not shown). In yet another example, the insert  5450  may include recesses (not shown) instead of holes that do not extend through the insert  5450 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The filler material and or the insert  5450  may be manufactured from any of the materials described herein. The filler material or the insert  5450  may be bonded, attached and/or connected to the body portion  4810  of the golf club head  4800  by a bonding portion (not shown) to improve adhesion and/or mitigate delamination between the body portion  4810  and the filler material or the insert  5450 . The bonding portion may be any of the bonding portions described herein such as a bonding agent, an epoxy, a combination of bonding agents, a bonding structure or attachment device, a combination of bonding structures and/or attachment devices, and/or a combination of one or more bonding agents, one or more bonding structures and/or one or more attachment devices. Further, one or more inner support portions (not shown) may engage the insert  5450  to partially or fully maintain the position of the insert  5450  similar to any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS.  56 - 61   , a golf club head  5600  may include a body portion  5610  with a top portion  5630  having a crown portion  5635 , a bottom portion  5640 , a toe portion  5650 , a heel portion  5660 , a front portion  5670 , and a rear portion  5680 . The bottom portion  5640  may include a skirt portion (not shown) defined as a side portion of the golf club head  5600  between the top portion  5630  and the bottom portion  5640  excluding the front portion  5670  and extending across a periphery of the golf club head  5600  from the toe portion  5650 , around the rear portion  5680 , and to the heel portion  5660 . The front portion  5670  may include a face portion  5675  to engage a golf ball (not shown). The body portion  5610  may also include a hosel portion  5665  that may be similar in many respects to any of the hosel portions described herein. Alternatively, the body portion  5610  may include a bore instead of the hosel portion  5665 . The body portion  5610  may be made partially or entirely from any of the materials described herein. Further, the golf club head  5600  may be any type of golf club head having a club head volume similar to the club head volume of any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  5635  may be a separate piece that may be attached to the top portion  5630 . The crown portion  5635  may be constructed from one or more different materials than the body portion  5610 . In one example (not shown), the crown portion  5635  may be at least partially constructed from a composite material such as a graphite-based composite material. In another example (not shown), the crown portion  5635  may include two outer layers constructed from a composite material, such as a graphite epoxy composite material, and an inner layer constructed from an elastic polymer material. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The bottom portion  5640  may include a plurality of weight port regions, which are shown for example as a first weight port region  5710 , a second weight port region  5720  and a third weight port region  5730 . The first weight port region  5710  may be near the rear portion  5680  or be closer to the rear portion  5680  than the front portion  5670  and include a first set of weight ports  5711  (generally shown as weight ports  5712 ,  5714  and  5716 ). The second weight port region  5720  may be near the toe portion  5650  or be closer to the toe portion  5650  than the heel portion  5660  and include a second set of weight ports  5721  (generally shown as weight ports  5722 ,  5724  and  5726 ). The third weight port region  5730  may be near the front portion  5670  or be closer to the front portion  5670  than the rear portion  5680  and include a second set of weight ports  5731  (generally shown as weight ports  5732 ,  5734  and  5736 ). 
     The first weight port region  5710  may be wholly located less than or equal to 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, or 0.5 inch from a periphery of the body portion  5610  at or proximate the rear portion  5680 . The second weight port region  5720  may be wholly located less than or equal to 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, or 0.5 inch from a periphery of the body portion  5610  at or proximate the toe portion  5650 . The third weight port region  5730  may be wholly located less than or equal to 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, or 0.5 inch from a periphery of the body portion  5610  at or proximate the face portion  5675 . 
     The first weight port region  5710  may be partially located less than or equal to 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, or 0.5 inch from a periphery of the body portion  5610  at or proximate the rear portion  5680 . The second weight port region  5720  may be partially located less than or equal to 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, or 0.5 inch from a periphery of the body portion  5610  at or proximate the toe portion  5650 . The third weight port region  5730  may be partially located less than or equal to 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, or 0.5 inch from a periphery of the body portion  5610  at or proximate the face portion  5675 . 
     The bottom portion  5640  may include more than three weight port regions or less than three weight port regions with each weight port region including any number of weight ports. The body portion  5610  may include a plurality of weight portions, shown as a first set of weight portions  5760  (generally shown as weight portions  5762 ,  5764 , and  5766 ), a second set of weight portions  5770  (generally shown as weight portions  5772 ,  5774 , and  5776 ), and a third set of weight portions  5780  (generally shown as weight portions  5782 ,  5784  and  5786 ). Each weight port may receive a weight portion similar to any of the golf club heads described herein. In one example, one or more weight ports may not include weight portions. The characteristics (e.g., density, shape, volume, size, color, dimensions, depth, diameter, materials of construction, mass, method of formation, etc.) and/or any other properties of each weight portion of the plurality of weight portions and each weight port of the plurality of weight ports may be similar in many respects to each weight portion and weight port, respectively, of any of the golf club heads described herein. In one example, the weight ports and the weight portions of the golf club head of  FIGS.  56 - 61    may have greater dimensions (i.e., length, width, diameter, depth, etc.) than any of the weight ports and/or weight portions, respectively, described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The weight portions of the first set of weight portions  5760 , the second set of weight portions  5770  and/or the third set of weight portions  5780  may have similar or different masses. In one example, the overall mass of the first set of weight portions  5760  may be greater than the overall mass of the second set of weight portions  5770  and/or the third set of weight portions  5780 . In another example, the overall mass of the second set of weight portions  5770  may be greater than the overall mass of the first set of weight portions  5760  and/or the third set of weight portions  5780 . In yet another example, the overall mass of the third set of weight portions  5780  may be greater than the overall mass of the second set of weight portions  5770  and/or the first set of weight portions  5760 . The masses of the weight portions in each of the first set of weight portion  5760 , the second set of weight portions  5770  and/or the third set of weight portions  5780  may be similar or different. Accordingly, by using weight portions having similar or different masses in each of the weight port regions  5710 ,  5720  and/or  5730 , the overall mass in each weight port region and/or the mass distribution in each weight port region may be adjusted to generally optimize and/or adjust the swing weight, center of gravity, moment of inertia, and/or an overall feel of the golf club head for an individual using the golf club head  5600 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     A rear vertical plane  5781  may define a rear boundary of the rear portion  5680  of the golf club head  5600 . A front vertical plane  5771  may define a front boundary of the front portion  5670  of the golf club head  5600 . The rear vertical plane  5781  may be substantially parallel to and offset from the front vertical plane. 
     One or more of the weight portions of the first set of weight portions  5760  (generally shown as weight portions  5762 ,  5764 , and  5766 ) may be aligned with and offset from one or more of the weight portions of the second set of weight portions  5770  (generally shown as weight portions  5772 ,  5774 , and  5776 ). A first weight portion of the first set of weight portions may be aligned with and offset from a first weight portion of the second set of weight portions. A second weight portion of the first set of weight portions may be aligned with and offset from a second weight portion of the second set of weight portions. A third weight portion of the first set of weight portions may be aligned with and offset from a third weight portion of the second set of weight portions. 
     A center  5705  of the bottom portion  5640  of the golf club head  5600  may be defined as a point located equidistant between the front vertical plane  5771  and the rear vertical plane  5781 . The center  5705  may be located on a center vertical plane  5702  that intersects a center of the face portion  5675  of the golf club head  5600 , the center vertical plane  5702  being perpendicular to the rear vertical plane  5781  and front vertical plane  5771 . The center  5705  may be located on the outer surface  5642  of the bottom portion  5640 . 
     A weight portion  5762  of the first set of weight portions  5760  may be located proximate the center vertical plane  5702  and in the first weight port region  5710 . A weight portion  5784  of the third set of weight portions  5780  may be located proximate the center vertical plane  5702  and in the third weight port region  5730 . 
     A weight port of the first set of weight ports  5711  may be located proximate the center vertical plane  5702  and in the first weight port region  5710 . A weight port  5734  of the third set of weight ports  5731  may be located proximate the center vertical plane  5702  and in the third weight port region  5730 . 
     A heel-side vertical plane  5701  may be parallel to and offset from the center vertical plane  5702 . The heel-side vertical plane  5701  may be offset from the center vertical plane  5702  by about 0.25-0.55 or 0.35-0.75 in. A weight portion  5762  of the first set of weight portions  5760  may be located along the heel-side vertical plane  5701  and in the first weight port region  5710 . A weight portion  5782  of the third set of weight portions  5780  may be located along the heel-side vertical plane  5701  and in the third weight port region  5730 . 
     A toe-side vertical plane  5703  may be parallel to and offset from the center vertical plane  5702 . The toe-side vertical plane  5703  may be offset from the center vertical plane  5702  by about 0.25-0.55 or 0.35-0.75 in. A weight portion  5766  of the first set of weight portions  5760  may be located along the toe-side vertical plane  5703  and in the first weight port region  5710 . A weight portion  5786  of the third set of weight portions  5780  may be located along the toe-side vertical plane  5703  and in the third weight port region  5730 . 
     The second weight port region  5720  containing the second set of weight portions  5770  may be located in a bottom region defined by an angle  5706  between bounding lines ( 5708 ,  5709 ) that intersect the center  5705  of the golf club head  5600 , as shown in  FIG.  57   . The angle  5706  may be about 20-35, 30-45, 40-55, or 50-65 degrees. The second set of weight portions  5770  may result in the center of gravity of the golf club head  5600  being located to the toe side of the center vertical plane  5702  resulting in a fade biased golf club head. 
     One or more of the weight portions (e.g.  5772 ,  5774 ,  5776 ) of the second set of weight portions  5770  may be located along an arc  5708  defined by a radius (r) extending outward from the center of the bottom portion  5640 , as shown in  FIG.  57   . The radius (r) may have a length of about 1.25-2.5, 1.25-1.5, 1.4-1.7, 1.6-1.85, 1.75-1.95, 1.8-2.05, 2.0-2.25, 2.1-2.35, or 2.2-2.5 in. 
     The outer surface  5642  and/or the inner surface  5644  of the bottom portion  5640  may include one or more inner support portions (not shown) and/or one or more outer support portion (not shown) similar to any of the inner support portions and the outer support portions described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS.  62 - 75   , a golf club head  6200  may include a body portion  6210  with a top portion  6230 , a crown portion  6235 , a bottom portion  6240 , a toe portion  6250 , a heel portion  6260 , a front portion  6270 , and a rear portion  6280 . The bottom portion  6240  may include a skirt portion  6290  defined as a side portion of the golf club head  6200  between the top portion  6230  and the bottom portion  6240  excluding the front portion  6270  and extending across a periphery of the golf club head  6200  from the toe portion  6250 , around the rear portion  6280 , and to the heel portion  6260 . Alternatively, the golf club head  6200  may not include the skirt portion  6290 . The front portion  6270  may include a face portion  6275  to engage a golf ball (e.g., one generally shown as  7601  in  FIG.  76   ). The face portion  6275  may be integral to the body portion  6210  or may be a separate face portion that is coupled (e.g., welded) to the front portion  6270  to enclose an opening in the front portion  6270 . The body portion  6210  may also include a hosel portion  6265  configured to receive a shaft portion (not shown). The hosel portion  6265  may be similar in many respects to any of the hosel portions described herein. The hosel portion  6265  may include an interchangeable hosel sleeve. Alternatively, the body portion  6210  may include a bore instead of the hosel portion  6265 . The body portion  6210  may be made partially or entirely from any of the materials described herein. Further, the golf club head  6200  may be any type of golf club head having a club head volume similar to the club head volume of any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The top portion  6230  may include a forward portion  6231  extending between a front portion  6270  and the crown portion  6235 . In one example, the forward portion  6231  may extend a distance  6234  of at least 12 mm in a front-to-rear direction. In another example, the forward portion  6231  may extend a distance  6234  of at least 16 mm in a front-to-rear direction. In yet another example, the forward portion  6231  may extend a distance  6234  of at least 20 mm in a front-to-rear direction. While the above examples may describe particular distances, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include a forward portion extending a distance less than 12 mm in a front-to-rear direction. The forward portion  6231  may enhance structural integrity of the golf club head  6200  and resist rearward deflection of the front portion  6270  during impact with a golf ball. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  6235  may be a separate piece that may be attached to the top portion  6230 . The crown portion  6235  may enclose an opening in the top portion  6230 . As illustrated in  FIG.  74   , for example, the top portion  6230  of the golf club head  6200  may include the opening prior to installation of the crown portion  6235 . The crown portion  6235  may be constructed from one or more materials, and those materials may be the same of different from the material of the body portion  6210 . In one example, the crown portion  6235  may be at least partially constructed from a composite material such as a fiber-based composite material. The crown portion  6235  may be attached to a shoulder portion  6233  of the top portion  6230 . The shoulder portion  6233  may extend along the opening in the top portion  6230 . The shoulder portion  6233  may support the crown portion  6235 . In one example, the shoulder portion  6233  may extend a distance  7033  of at least 2 mm inward toward the opening in the top portion  6230 . In another example, the shoulder portion  6233  may extend a distance  7033  of at least 6 mm. In yet another example, the shoulder portion  6233  may extend a distance  7033  of at least 8 mm. While the above examples may describe particular distances, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include a shoulder portion  6233  may extend a distance less than 2 mm inward toward the opening in the top portion  6230 . The shoulder portion  6233  may be a continuous portion encircling the opening in the top portion  6230 . Alternately, the shoulder portion  6233  may include one or more discrete shoulder portions arranged to support the crown portion  6235 . In another example, the shoulder portion  6233  may include a plurality of tabs arranged to support the crown portion  6235 . In still another example, the shoulder portion  6233  may be omitted, and the crown portion  6235  may be adhered to an outer surface of the top portion  6230 . In yet another example, the shoulder portion  6233  may be omitted, and the crown portion  6235  may include a protrusion extending from a bottom surface of the crown portion  6235  that provides an interference fit with a perimeter edge of the opening. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  6235  may include one or more thin portions, one generally shown as  7135 . The thin portion  7135  may reduce the weight of the crown portion  6235 , which may lower the CG of the golf club head  6200 . In one example, the thin portion  7135  may have a thickness  7136  of less than 1.0 mm. In another example, the thin portion  7135  may have a thickness  7136  of less than 0.75 mm. In yet another example, the thin portion  7135  may have a thickness  7136  of less than 0.65 mm. While the above examples may describe particular thicknesses, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include one or more thin portions  7135  having a thickness greater than or equal to 1.0 mm. One or more thin portions  7135  may extend from one or more relatively thicker crown stiffening regions, one generally shown as  6236 . In one example, the thin portion  7135  may form at least 50% of the crown portion  6235 . In another example, the thin portion  7135  may form at least 75% of an exterior surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In yet another example, the thin portion  7135  may form at least 85% of the exterior surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the thin portions  7135  may form at least 95% of the exterior surface area of the crown portion  6235 . While the above examples may describe particular percentages of the crown portion  6235 , the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture may include one or more thin portions  7135  forming less than 75% of the exterior surface area of the crown portion  6235 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown stiffening portion  6236  may enhance stiffness of the crown portion  6235  and compensate for the presence of relatively less stiff portions elsewhere in the crown portion  6235 . The crown stiffening portion  6236  may enhance overall stiffness of the golf club head  6200 . The crown stiffening portion  6236  may distribute impact forces in response to the face portion  6275  impacting a golf ball. The crown stiffening portion  6236  may limit deflection of the face portion  6275  and/or forward portion  6231  of the top portion  6230  toward the rear portion  6280  in response to the face portion  6275  impacting a golf ball. The crown stiffening portion  6236  may limit physical compression of the crown portion  6235  in a front-to-rear direction in response to the face portion  6275  impacting a golf ball, which may reduce risk of cracking or delamination of the crown portion  6235  in examples where the crown portion  6235  is constructed of two or more layers of composite material. The crown stiffening portion  6236  may be part of a raised portion. The crown stiffening portion  6236  may be part of a contoured portion. The crown stiffening portion  6236  may serve as a visual alignment aid for a golfer aligning a golf shot. The crown stiffening portion  6236  may improve acoustic response of the golf club head  6200  in response to the face portion  6275  impacting a golf ball. The crown stiffening portion  6236  may have a thickness greater than an average thickness of the crown portion  6235 . The crown stiffening portion  6236  may be either integral to the crown portion  6235  or one or more separate portions adhered or fastened to a surface of the crown portion  6235  to provide structural reinforcement. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As mentioned above, the crown portion  6235  may include one or more crown stiffening portions, generally shown as a first crown stiffening portion  6237 , a second crown stiffening portion  6238 , and a third crown stiffening portion  6239  in  FIG.  62   . The first crown stiffening portion  6237  may be located adjacent to the forward portion  6231  of the top portion  6230 . The first crown stiffening portion  6237  may extend along a junction  6232  formed between the crown portion  6235  and the forward portion  6231  of the top portion  6230 . The first crown stiffening portion  6237  may have a thickness greater than an average thickness of the crown portion  6235 . In one example, the first crown stiffening portion  6237  may have a thickness of greater than 2 mm. In another example, the first crown stiffening portion  6237  may have a thickness of greater than or equal to 2.2 mm. While the above examples may describe particular thickness, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include the first crown stiffening portion  6237  with a thickness of less than or equal to 2 mm. The first crown stiffening portion  6237  may include two or more plies of fiber-based composite material  7614  (e.g., such as three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine plies of fiber-based composite material  7614 ). In one example, the first crown stiffening portion  6237  may have a length of at least 1.25 cm. In another example, the first crown stiffening portion  6237  may have a length of at least 2 cm. In yet another example, the first crown stiffening portion  6237  may have a length of at least 3 cm. In still yet another example, the first crown stiffening portion  6237  may have a length of at least 4 cm. In another example, the first crown stiffening portion  6237  may have a length of between and including 4 and 4.5 cm. While the above examples may describe particular lengths, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture describe herein may include the first crown stiffening portion  6237  having a length less than 3 cm. The first crown stiffening portion  6237  may reduce aerodynamic drag of the golf club head  6200 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The second crown stiffening portion  6238  may extend from the first crown stiffening portion  6237  toward the rear portion  6280 . The second crown stiffening portion  6238  may extend from the first crown stiffening portion  6237  toward the rear portion  6280  and toward the toe portion  6250 . The second crown stiffening portion  6238  may extend from a toe-side end of the first crown stiffening portion  6237  to a rear perimeter of the crown portion  6235 . The second crown stiffening portion  6238  may taper in a front-to-rear direction. The second crown stiffening portion  6238  may serve as a support structure between the forward portion  6231  and the rear portion  6280 . The second crown stiffening portion  6238  may oppose rearward deflection of the forward portion  6231  in response to the face portion  6275  impacting a golf ball. The second crown stiffening portion  6238  may have a thickness greater than an average thickness of the crown portion  6235 . The second crown stiffening portion  6238  may have a thickness of greater than 2 mm. The second crown stiffening portion  6238  may have a thickness of greater than or equal to 2.2 mm. While the above examples may describe particular thickness, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include the second crown stiffening portion  6238  with a thickness of less than or equal to 2 mm. The second crown stiffening portion  6238  may include two or more plies of fiber-based composite material  7614  (e.g., such as three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine plies of fiber-based composite material  7614 ). In one example, the second crown stiffening portion  6238  may have a length of at least 2 cm. In another example, the second crown stiffening portion  6238  may have a length of at least 4 cm. While the above examples may describe particular lengths, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture describe herein may include the second crown stiffening portion  6238  having a length less than 2 cm. The second crown stiffening portion  6238  may reduce aerodynamic drag of the golf club head. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may extend from the first crown stiffening portion  6237  toward the rear portion  6280 . The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may extend from the first crown stiffening portion  6237  toward the rear portion  6280  and toward the heel portion  6260 . The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may extend from a heel-side end of the first crown stiffening portion  6237  to a rear perimeter of the crown portion  6235 . The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may taper in a front-to-rear direction. The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may serve as a support structure between the forward portion  6231  and the rear portion  6280 . The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may oppose rearward deflection of the forward portion  6231  in response to the face portion  6275  impacting a golf ball. The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may have a thickness greater than an average thickness of the crown portion  6235 . The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may have a thickness of greater than 2 mm. The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may have a thickness of greater than or equal to 2.2 mm. While the above examples may describe particular thicknesses, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include the third crown stiffening portion  6239  with a thickness of less than or equal to 2 mm. The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may include two or more plies of fiber-based composite material  7614  (e.g., such as three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine plies of fiber-based composite material  7614 ). The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may have a length of at least 2 cm. The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may have a length of at least 4 cm. The third crown stiffening portion  6239  may reduce aerodynamic drag of the golf club head. While the above example may describe a particular number of crown stiffening portions, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include more or fewer crown stiffening portions. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  6235  may include a central crown portion  6431 , a toe-side crown portion  6432 , and a heel-side crown portion  6433 . The central crown portion  6431  may be a raised central crown portion. The raised central crown portion  6431  may be located between the heel-side crown portion  6433  and the toe-side crown portion  6432 . The raised central crown portion  6431  may have a maximum height greater than a maximum height of the toe-side crown portion  6432 . The raised central crown portion  6431  may have a maximum height greater than a maximum height of the heel-side crown portion  6433 . The raised central crown portion  6431  may serve as a visual alignment aid. The raised central crown portion  6431  may improve aerodynamic performance of the golf club head  6200 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The central crown portion  6431  may include a thin portion  7135 . The toe-side crown portion  6432  may include a thin portion  7135 . The heel-side crown portion  6433  may include a thin portion  7135 . Thin portions  7135  may be desirable to reduce overall mass of the crown portion  6235 , which may lower the CG of the golf club head  6200 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  6235  may include a plurality of contoured surfaces. The plurality of contoured surfaces may reduce aerodynamic drag of the golf club head  6200 . The plurality of contoured surfaces may enhance structural integrity of the golf club head  6200 . An outer surface of the central crown portion  6431  may be elevated above an outer surface of the toe-side crown portion  6432 . The outer surface of the central crown portion  6431  may be elevated above an outer surface of the heel-side crown portion  6433 . The crown portion  6235  may include a first contoured transition region  6434  located between the central crown portion  6431  and the toe-side crown portion  6432 . The crown portion  6235  may include a second contoured transition region  6435  located between the central crown portion  6431  and the heel-side crown portion  6433 . The location of the first contoured transition region  6434  may coincide with the location of the second crown stiffening portion  6238 . The location of the second contoured transition region  6435  may coincide with the location of the third crown stiffening portion  6239 . Together, the central crown portion  6431 , toe-side crown portion  6432 , heel-side crown portion  6433 , first contoured transition region  6434 , and second contoured transition region  6435  may form a multi-level crown portion  6235 . Together, the central crown portion  6431 , toe-side crown portion  6432 , heel-side crown portion  6433 , first contoured transition region  6434 , and second contoured transition region  6435  may form a multi-thickness crown portion  6235 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  73    depicts a cross-sectional view of the example golf club head of  FIG.  62    taken at section line  73 - 73  of  FIG.  64   . The outer surface  7331  of the central crown portion  6431  may be elevated above an outer surface of the toe-side crown portion  6432 . In one example, the outer surface  7331  of the central crown portion  6431  may be elevated above an outer surface of the toe-side crown portion  6432  by a height of greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. In another example, the outer surface  7331  of the central crown portion  6431  may be elevated above an outer surface of the toe-side crown portion  6432  by a height of greater than or equal to 1.0 mm. In yet another example, the outer surface  7331  of the central crown portion  6431  may be elevated above an outer surface of the toe-side crown portion  6432  by a height of greater than or equal to 2.0 mm. The outer surface  7331  of the central crown portion  6431  may be elevated above an outer surface  7333  of the heel-side crown portion  6433 . In one example, the outer surface  7331  of the central crown portion  6431  may be elevated above an outer surface  7333  of the heel-side crown portion  6433  by a height of greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. In another example, the outer surface  7331  of the central crown portion  6431  may be elevated above an outer surface  7333  of the heel-side crown portion  6433  by a height of greater than or equal to 1.0 mm. In yet another example, the outer surface  7331  of the central crown portion  6431  may be elevated above an outer surface  7333  of the heel-side crown portion  6433  by a height of greater than or equal to 2.0 mm. While the above examples may describe particular heights, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include outer surfaces with a difference in height of less than 0.5 mm. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As shown in  FIG.  72   , the outer surface  7333  of the heel-side crown portion  6433  may be recessed below the forward portion  6231  proximate to the junction  6232 . Likewise, the outer surface  7332  of the toe-side crown portion  6432  may be recessed below the forward portion  6231  proximate the junction  6232 . In one example, the outer surface  7333  of the heel-side crown portion  6433  may be recessed below the forward portion  6231  proximate to the junction  6232  by a distance of greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. In another example, the outer surface  7333  of the heel-side crown portion  6433  may be recessed below the forward portion  6231  proximate to the junction  6232  by a distance of greater than or equal to 1.0 mm. In yet another example, the outer surface  7332  of the toe-side crown portion  6432  may be recessed below the forward portion  6231  proximate the junction  6232  by a distance of greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. The outer surface  7332  of the toe-side crown portion  6432  may be recessed below the forward portion  6231  proximate the junction  6232  by a distance of greater than or equal to 1.0 mm. While the above examples may describe particular distances, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include outer surfaces recessed by distances of less than 0.5 mm. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The central crown portion  6431  may be bounded by the first crown stiffening portion  6237 , the second crown stiffening portion  6238 , the third crown stiffening portion  6239 , and a rear perimeter  7151  of the crown portion  6235 . A front portion of the central crown portion  6431  may have a symmetrical shape relative to a vertical plane (e.g., one generally shown as  7604 ) that intersects the geometric center  6276  (e.g., at or proximate to a “sweet spot” of the golf club head  6200 ) on the face portion  6275  and is normal to a front vertical plane  6815 . A front portion of the central crown portion  6431  may have a nonsymmetrical shape relative to the vertical plane  7604  that intersects the geometric center  6276  on the face portion  6275  and is normal to the front vertical plane  6815 . In one example, the second crown stiffening portion  6238  and third crown stiffening portion  6239  may diverge in a front-to-rear direction, as shown in  FIG.  76   . The central crown portion  6431  may have an irregular polygon-like shape (e.g., a quadrilateral-like shape). The distance between the second and third crown stiffening portions  6238  and  6239  at or proximate to the front portion  6270  may be less than the distance between the second and third crown stiffening portions  6238  and  6239  at or proximate to the rear portion  6280 . In another example, the second crown stiffening portion  6238  and third crown stiffening portion  6239  may converge in a front-to-rear direction. The distance between the second and third crown stiffening portions  6238  and  6239  at or proximate to the front portion  6270  may be greater than the distance between the second and third crown stiffening portions  6238  and  6239  at or proximate to the rear portion  6280 . In yet another example, the second crown stiffening portion  6238  and third crown stiffening portion  6239  may converge and then diverge in a front-to-rear direction (see, e.g.,  FIG.  101   ). In another example, the second crown stiffening portion  6238  and third crown stiffening portion  6239  may diverge and then converge in a front-to-rear direction (see, e.g.,  FIG.  102   ). In still another example, the second crown stiffening portion  6238  and third crown stiffening portion  6239  may be substantially parallel in a front-to-rear direction. The distance between the second and third crown stiffening portions  6238  and  6239  at or proximate to the front portion  6270  may equal or may be substantially the same as the distance between the second and third crown stiffening portions  6238  and  6239  at or proximate to the rear portion  6280 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example, as shown in  FIG.  62   , the central crown portion  6431  may be raised relative to the toe-side crown portion  6432  and the heel-side crown portion  6433 . In another example, the central crown portion  6431  may be depressed relative to the toe-side crown portion  6432  and the heel-side crown portion  6433 . Variations in relative heights of the central crown portion  6431 , toe-side crown portion  6432 , and heel-side crown portion  6433  may improve aerodynamic performance by reducing a drag coefficient associated with the golf club head  6200 . Variations in relative heights of the central crown portion  6431 , toe-side crown portion  6432 , and heel-side crown portion  6433  may provide a visual alignment aid. Variations in relative heights of the central crown portion  6431 , toe-side crown portion  6432 , and heel-side crown portion  6433 , together with contoured transition regions with integral ribs, may enhance structural integrity of the crown portion  6235 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The total surface area of the crown portion  6235  may include surface areas of the central crown portion  6431 , toe-side crown portion  6432 , heel-side crown portion  6433 , first contoured transition region  6434 , and second contoured transition region  6435 . In one example, the surface area of the central crown portion  6431  may be at least 10% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In another example, the surface area of the central crown portion  6431  may be at least 20% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In yet another example, the surface area of the central crown portion  6431  may be at least 30% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the central crown portion  6431  may be at least 40% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the central crown portion  6431  may be at least 50% of the surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the central crown portion  6431  may be at least 60% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the central crown portion  6431  may be at least 70% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the central crown portion  6431  may be at least 80% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the central crown portion  6431  may be at least 90% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The toe-side crown portion  6432  may be bounded by the second crown stiffening portion  6238 , a toe-side perimeter  7633  of the crown portion  6235 , and a front perimeter of the crown portion  6235 . In one example, the surface area of the toe-side crown portion  6432  may be at least 5% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In another example, the surface area of the toe-side crown portion  6432  may be at least 10% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In yet another example, the surface area of the toe-side crown portion  6432  may be at least 15% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the toe-side crown portion  6432  may be at least 20% of the surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the toe-side crown portion  6432  may be at least 25% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the toe-side crown portion  6432  may be at least 30% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the toe-side crown portion  6432  may be at least 35% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the toe-side crown portion  6432  may be at least 40% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The heel-side crown portion  6433  may be bounded by the third crown stiffening portion  6239 , a heel-side perimeter of the crown portion  6235 , and a front perimeter of the crown portion  6235 . In one example, the surface area of the heel-side crown portion  6433  may be at least 5% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In another example, the surface area of the heel-side crown portion  6433  may be at least 10% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In yet another example, the surface area of the heel-side crown portion  6433  may be at least 15% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the heel-side crown portion  6433  may be at least 20% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the heel-side crown portion  6433  may be at least 25% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . In still yet another example, the surface area of the heel-side crown portion  6433  may be at least 30% of the total surface area of the crown portion  6235 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example, the central crown portion  6431  may have an outer surface area  7331  that is greater than or equal to 40% of a total outer surface area of the crown portion, the toe-side crown portion  6432  may have an outer surface area  7332  that is less than or equal to 30% of the total outer surface area of the crown portion, and the heel-side crown portion  6433  may have an outer surface area  7333  that is less than or equal to 15% of the total outer surface area of the crown portion. In another example, the central crown portion  6431  may have an outer surface area  7331  that is greater than or equal to 50% of a total outer surface area of the crown portion, the toe-side crown portion  6432  may have an outer surface area  7332  that is greater than or equal to 15% of the total outer surface area of the crown portion, and the heel-side crown portion  6433  may have an outer surface area  7333  that is greater than or equal to 5% of the total outer surface area of the crown portion. In still another example, the central crown portion  6431  may have an outer surface area  7331  that is greater than or equal to 40% of a total outer surface area of the crown portion, the toe-side crown portion  6432  may have an outer surface area  7332  that is greater than or equal to 10% of the total outer surface area of the crown portion, and the heel-side crown portion  6433  may have an outer surface area  7333  that is greater than or equal to 5% of the total outer surface area of the crown portion. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  76    depicts a top view of the example golf club head  6200  of  FIG.  62    with a golf ball  7601  proximate to the face portion  6275 . The golf ball  7601  may be aligned with a geometric center  6276  of the face portion  6275 . The golf ball  7601  may have a diameter of about 1.68 inches. A central plane  7604  bisects the golf ball  7601  and the golf club head  6200 . A toe-side plane  7605  bounds a toe side of the golf club head  6200 . A heel-side plane  7606  bounds a heel side of the golf club head  6200 . A toe-side golf ball perimeter plane  7602  bounds a toe-side of the golf ball  7601 . A heel-side golf ball perimeter plane  7603  bounds a toe-side of the golf ball  7601 . The crown portion  6235  may include a perimeter that includes a toe-side perimeter  7633 , a heel-side perimeter  7631 , a front perimeter  7632 , and a rear perimeter  7151 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  77    depicts a cross-sectional view of the crown portion  6235  of the example golf club head  6200  of  FIG.  76    taken at section line  77 - 77 . The crown portion  6235  may include two or more layers of composite material. The crown portion  6235  may include an outer layer of composite material  7610  and an inner layer of composite material  7615 . The crown portion  6235  may include a plurality of integral ribs. Each integral rib may include a plurality of layers of composite material. The integral ribs (e.g., generally shown as  7625 , and  7630 ) may be disposed between the inner layer  7615  and outer layer  7610  of composite material. The integral ribs  7625  and  7630  may form the crown stiffening portion  6236 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The toe-side integral rib  7625  may extend from a front perimeter  7632  of the crown portion  6235  to a rear perimeter  7151  of the crown portion. The toe-side integral rib  7625  may include a plurality of layers of composite material  7614 , as shown in  FIG.  78   . The toe-side integral rib  7625  may include two or more layers of composite material  7614  disposed between the inner layer  7615  and the outer layer  7610  of the crown portion. The toe-side integral rib  7625  may extend rearward from the forward portion  6231 . The toe-side integral rib  7625  may extend rearward from a starting location between the central plane  7604  and the toe-side golf ball plane  7602  and terminate at an ending location between the toe-side plane  7605  and the toe-side golf ball plane  7602 . In one example, the toe-side integral rib  7625  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2.0 mm. In another example, the toe-side integral rib  7625  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2.1 mm. In yet another example, the toe-side integral rib  7625  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2.2 mm. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  78    depicts an enlarged view of a region  7800  of the crown portion  6235  depicted in  FIG.  77   . The crown portion  6235  may include a plurality of layers of composite material. The crown portion  6235  may include an outer layer of composite material  7610  and an inner layer of composite material  7615 . In one example, the inner layer of composite material  7615  may include glass fiber composite material, and the outer layer of composite material  7610  may include an aramid fiber composite material. 
     The crown portion  6235  may include a stack of composite layers forming an integral rib  7625 . The integral rib  7625  may be positioned between the outer layer of composite material  7610  and the inner layer of composite material  7615 . The crown portion  6235  may include one or more layers of composite material  7614  that are arranged in parallel or substantially parallel planes. The crown portion  6235  may include one or more layers of composite material  7614  that are arranged in nonparallel planes. The tensile strength of the crown portion  6235 , as determined along certain axes, may be enhanced by having layers of composite material  7614  that are arranged in nonparallel planes (i.e., nonuniform orientations). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The integral ribs (e.g., generally shown as  7625 ,  7630 , and  7635 ) may provide embedded structural supports within the crown portion  6235 . Each integral rib may be located in a crown stiffening region adjacent to one or more thin portions  7135 . The crown portion  6235  may have contoured transition regions (e.g., generally shown as  6434 , and  6435 ) between the thin portions  7135  and the thicker crown stiffening portions where the integral ribs  7625  and  7630  reside. Contoured transition regions  6434  and  6435  may prevent or mitigate unwanted stress concentrations within the crown portion  6235  by avoiding distinct edges between thin portions  7135  and adjacent thicker portions (e.g., such as  6237 ,  6238 , or  6239 ). Stress concentrations may be undesirable as they may result in cracking or delaminating of layers of the crown portion  6235  during use of the golf club head  6200 . For example, in an alternative embodiment having non-integral ribs attached to either an inner or outer surface of the crown portion, a distinct edge may exist at a junction formed between a non-integral rib and a surface of the crown portion  6235 , and that edge may introduce an unwanted stress concentration. After numerous ball strikes, presence of the stress concentration may result in cracking or delaminating of layers of the crown portion  6235  proximate to the non-integral rib. This physical deterioration of the crown portion  6235  may negatively impact performance of the golf club head  6200 . For instance, as the crown portion  6235  physically deteriorates, shot-to-shot variability may increase. Shot-to-shot variability may be unacceptable to an individual who requires consistent performance from the golf club head  6200 . For the sake of long-term durability and consistency, it is therefore desirable to have a crown portion  6235  having contoured transition regions between the thin portions  7135  and the thicker portions containing integral ribs  7625  and  7630 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  6235  may include a plurality of composite layers  7612  positioned between the inner structural layer  7615  and the outer structural layer  7610 . The term “structural layer” as used herein may describe any suitable layer or layers having any suitable shape or shapes (e.g. flat, curved, or complexly curved) and any suitable dimensions. Together, the plurality of composite layers  7612  and the inner and outer structural layers (e.g., generally shown as  7610 , and  7615 ) may form a crown portion  6235  that, when coupled to the body portion  6210  to enclose the opening in the top portion  6230 , may improve the ability of the golf club head  6200  to withstand torsional or compressive forces imparted during impact with a golf ball, which may improve performance or reduce mishits. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The plurality of composite layers  7612  may include a plurality of layers of composite materials in a stacked arrangement. A layer of composite material  7614  may include a layer of fabric combined with an amount of resin. The fabric may be constructed from graphite fiber (commonly referred to as “carbon fiber”), glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon nanotubes, or any other suitable high-performance fiber, combination of fibers, or material. In some examples, the fabric may be a hybrid of two or more types of fibers, such as a hybrid fabric made of carbon fibers and aramid fibers. Examples of aramid fibers include KEVLAR, TWARON, NOMEX, NEW STAR, TECHNORA, and TEIJINCONEX fibers. The fabric may be constructed as a woven, knitted, stitched, or nonwoven (e.g. uni-directional) fabric. Examples of suitable woven fabrics include Style 7725 Bi-directional E-Glass (Item No. 1094), Twill Weave Carbon Fiber Fabric (Item No. 1069), and KEVLAR Plain Weave Fabric (Item No. 2469), all available from Fibre Glast Developments Corporation of Brookville, Ohio. 
     In some instances, resin may be applied to the fabric during a lamination process, either by hand or through an infusion process. In other instances, the fabric may be pre-impregnated with resin. These fabrics are commonly referred to as “prepreg” fabrics. Prepreg fabrics may require cold storage to ensure the resin does not cure prematurely. During manufacturing, heating the crown portion  6235  (e.g. in an oven or autoclave) may be required to fully cure (i.e. polymerize) the resin such that the crown portion  6235  takes on desirable structural attributes as the resin hardens. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In some examples, the resin may be a thermosetting resin, such as an epoxy resin, vinyl-ester resin, polyester resin, or other suitable resin. Resin selection may be based, at least in part, on fabric compatibility and the characteristics of the composite layers. Epoxy resins are suitable since they may be used to form a strong, lightweight composite crown portion  6235  that is dimensionally stable. A suitable epoxy resin is System 2000 Epoxy Resin (Item No. 2000-A) available from Fibre Glast Developments Corporation. 
     The epoxy resin may be mixed with a suitable epoxy hardener, such as 2020 Epoxy Hardener (Item No. 2020-A), 2060 Epoxy Hardener (Item No. 2060-A), or 2120 Epoxy Hardener (Item No. 2120-A) from Fibre Glast Developments Corporation. Selection of an epoxy hardener may be based, at least in part, on desired pot life and working time, which may be dictated by the size and complexity of the composite crown portion  6235  being manufactured. Epoxy hardener selection may also be based on desired cure temperature and cure time. An epoxy hardener may be selected that is compatible with the chosen manufacturing temperature and time. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  6235  may be formed by any suitable process, such as a wet layup process where liquid resin is distributed over a fabric made of fibers to wet out the fabric. The liquid resin may be distributed by hand, by a resin infusion process, or by any other suitable process. The wet layup process may utilize a peel ply layer or mold release agent to prevent the composite crown portion  6235  from adhering to a vacuum bagging film during a vacuum bagging process. An example of a suitable peel ply layer is Peel Ply Release Fabric (Catalog No. VB-P56150) available from U.S. Composites, Inc. of West Palm Beach, Fla. 
     During the layup process, fabric may be trimmed to an appropriate size and then laid down over a mold. Resin may then be applied to the surface of the fabric using any suitable tool, such as a roller or brush. Through a lamination process, the resin may be forced into the fabric to impregnate the fabric with resin. When prepreg fabrics are used in the layup, the step of applying resin may be omitted, since the fabric already contains a suitable amount of resin to facilitate the lamination process. A peel ply layer may be inserted between the prepreg fabric and the vacuum bagging film to prevent the composite carbon crown  6235  from adhering to the vacuum bagging film. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  79    shows an exploded view of layers of an example crown portion  6235  prior to execution of a manufacturing process that yields the contoured crown portion  6235  shown in  FIG.  62   . The crown portion  6235  may include an upper plurality of composite layers  7950 , a lower plurality of composite layers  7955 , and a crown stiffening portion  6236  disposed between the upper and lower pluralities of composite layers. The presence of the crown stiffening portion  6236  may allow lightweight thin portions  7135  to be utilized adjacent to the crown stiffening portion  6236 , as shown in  FIG.  62   . Together, the crown stiffening portion  6236  and adjacent thin portions  7135  may yield a crown portion  6235  that is lighter and/or stiffer than a crown portion having a uniform thickness (e.g., one generally shown as  4835 ). A thin portion  7135  may be any region in the crown portion  6235  that does not include a crown stiffening portion  6236 . The crown stiffening portion  6236  may include a plurality of layers of composite material arranged in a stacked configuration. Each layer of composite material  7614  may include a layer of fabric combined with resin. The fabric may be constructed from carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon nanotubes, or any other suitable high-performance fiber, combination of fibers, or material. In some examples, the fabric may be a hybrid of two or more types of fibers, such as a hybrid fabric made of carbon fibers and aramid fibers. The fabric may be constructed as a woven, knitted, stitched, or uni-directional fabric. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     During manufacturing of the crown portion  6235 , a plurality of composite layers  7614 , such as those depicted in  FIG.  79   , may be laid in a contoured mold. Pressure may be applied to the layers  7614  to encourage bonding of adjacent layers to form the contoured composite crown portion  6235 . Heat may be applied to the layers to encourage bonding of adjacent layers to form the crown portion  6235 . Pressing the composite layers  7614  against contoured surfaces of the mold may produce a raised central crown portion  6431  and contoured transition regions (e.g., generally shown as  6434 , and  6435 ) adjacent to the raised central crown portion, as shown in  FIG.  62   . To ensure smooth transition regions adjacent to the raised central crown portion  6431 , each subsequent composite layer in the stack of composite layers forming the crown stiffening portion  6236  may become gradually wider (e.g. in descending order in the stack) to yield smooth transition regions  6434  and  6435  in the manufactured crown portion  6235 . In the example shown in  FIG.  79   , each composite layer of the crown stiffening portion  6236  may have a front width (w F ), a heel-side width (w H ), and a toe-side width (w T ). In one example, a composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236  may have a width (w F , w H , or w T ) that is at least 1% greater than an adjacent composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236 . In another example, a composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236  may have a width (w F , w H , or w T ) that is at least 5% greater than an adjacent composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236 . In yet another example, a composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236  may have a width (w F , w H , or w T ) that is at least 10% greater than an adjacent composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236 . In still another example, a composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236  may have a width (w F , w H , or w T ) that is at least 15% greater than an adjacent composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236 . In yet another example, a composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236  may have a width (w F , w H , or w T ) that is at least 30% greater than an adjacent composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236 . While the above examples may describe particular percentages, the composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236  may have a width less than 1% of an adjacent composite layer  7614  in the crown stiffening portion  6236 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The inner structural layer  7615  may include a layer of fabric combined with resin. The fabric may be constructed from carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon nanotubes, or any other suitable high-performance fiber, combination of fibers, or material. In some examples, the fabric may be a hybrid of two or more types of fibers, such as a hybrid fabric made of carbon fibers and aramid fibers. The fabric may be constructed as a woven, knitted, stitched, or uni-directional fabric. In one example, the inner structural layer  7615  may include a layer of glass fiber fabric impregnated with epoxy resin. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The outer structural layer  7610  may include a layer of fabric combined with resin. The fabric may be constructed from carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon nanotubes, or any other suitable high-performance fiber, combination of fibers, or material. In some examples, the fabric may be a hybrid of two or more types of fibers, such as a hybrid fabric made of carbon fibers and aramid fibers. The fabric may be constructed as a woven, knitted, stitched, or uni-directional fabric. In one example, the outer structural layer  7610  may include a woven layer of KEVLAR fiber fabric impregnated with epoxy resin. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The plurality of composite layers  7612  may include a plurality of layers of composite materials arranged in a stacked configuration. In one example, the plurality of composite layers  7612  may include two or more layers of prepreg uni-directional fabric. In another example, the plurality of composite layers  7612  may include three or more layers of prepreg uni-directional fabric. In still another example, the plurality of composite layers  7612  may include four or more layers of prepreg uni-directional fabric where four layers are arranged in a 0/90/0/90 configuration to increase tensile strength along two perpendicular axes. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     An outer surface  7611  of the crown portion  6235  may have an anti-glare finish. An outer surface of the crown portion  6235  may have a medium or low gloss appearance to reduce the amount of light reflected upward at an individual&#39;s eyes when aligning the golf club head  6200  with a golf ball and performing a golf shot. A relative gloss value may be determined by projecting a beam of light at a fixed intensity and angle onto the outer surface  7611  of the crown portion  6235  and measuring the amount of light reflected at an equal but opposite angle upward at the individual. On a measurement scale, a specular reflectance of 0 gloss units (GU) may be associated with a perfectly matte surface, and a specular reflectance of 100 GU may be associated with a highly polished black glass material. Providing a crown portion  6235  with a relatively low specular reflectance may be desirable to reduce distraction perceived by the individual of the golf club head  6200 , which may reduce mishits. In one example, an outer surface  7611  of the crown portion  6235  may have a specular reflectance of less than 55 GU. In another example, the outer surface  7611  of the crown portion  6235  may have a specular reflectance of less than 40 GU. In yet another example, the outer surface  7611  of the crown portion  6235  may have a specular reflectance of less than 25 GU. In still another example, the outer surface  7611  of the crown portion  6235  may have a specular reflectance of less than 10 GU. While the above examples may describe particular specular reflectance, the apparatus, methods, and article of manufacture may include the outer surface  7611  of the crown portion  6235  with a specular reflectance greater than or equal to 55 GU. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In some examples, the outer surface of the crown portion  6235  may include an antireflective coating. In one example, the antireflective coating may have a specular reflectance of less than 55 GU. In another example, the antireflective coating may have a specular reflectance of less than 40 GU. In yet another example, the antireflective coating may have a specular reflectance of less than 25 GU. In still another example, the antireflective coating may have a specular reflectance of less than 10 GU. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     To encourage the inner structural layer  7615  to adhere to an adjacent internal composite layer  7614  during the manufacturing process, it may be necessary to insert a resin or film adhesive layer between the inner structural layer  7615  and the adjacent composite layer. To encourage the outer structural layer  7610  to adhere to an adjacent internal composite layer  7614  during the manufacturing process, it may be necessary to insert a resin or film adhesive layer between the outer structural layer  7610  and the adjacent composite layer. The resin or film adhesive may be an epoxy, epoxy foam, liquid resin, or any suitable film adhesive available from Collano AG, located in Germany. In one example, the crown portion  6235  may include a first film adhesive layer between an inner structural layer  7615  and an adjacent composite layer  7614 . The first film adhesive layer may adhere the outer structural layer  7610  to the top surface of the adjacent composite layer  7614  in the upper plurality of composite layers  7950 . The crown portion  6235  may include a second film adhesive film layer between the inner structural layer  7615  and an adjacent composite layer  7614 . The second film adhesive layer may adhere the inner structural layer  7615  to a bottom surface of the adjacent composite layer  7614  in the lower plurality of composite layers  7955 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  78    shows an enlarged view of a portion  7800  of the cross-sectional view shown in  FIG.  77   . The crown portion  6235  may include an integral rib  7625  disposed between the inner layer  7615  and the outer layer  7610 . The integral rib  7625  may include a plurality of layers of composite material  7612 . The integral rib  7625  may include two or more layers of composite material. The integral rib  7625  may include two or more layers of carbon fiber composite material. The integral rib  7625  may include three or more layers of composite material. The integral rib  7625  may include four or more layers of composite material. The integral rib  7625  may include five or more layers of composite material. The integral rib  7625  may include six or more layers of composite material. The integral rib  7625  may include seven or more layers of composite material. The integral rib  7625  may include eight or more layers of composite material. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The integral rib may be a toe-side integral rib  7625 . The toe-side integral rib  7625  may extend from a front perimeter  7632  of the crown portion  6235  to a rear perimeter  7151  of the crown portion  6235 . The toe-side integral rib  7625  may include a plurality of layers of composite material  7614 . The toe-side integral rib  7625  may include two or more layers of composite material disposed between the inner layer  7615  and the outer layer  7610  of the crown portion  6235 . The toe-side integral rib  7625  may extend rearward from the forward portion  6231 . The toe-side integral rib  7625  may extend rearward from a starting location between the central plane  7604  and the toe-side golf ball plane  7602  and terminate at an ending location between the toe-side plane  7605  and the toe-side golf ball plane  7602 . In one example, the toe-side integral rib  7625  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2 mm. In another example, the toe-side integral rib  7625  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2.1 mm. In yet another example, the toe-side integral rib  7625  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2.4 mm. While the above examples may describe particular thicknesses, the apparatus, methods, and article of manufacture described herein may include the toe-side integral rib  7625  with a maximum thickness of less than 2 mm. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  6235  may include a heel-side integral rib  7630 . The heel-side integral rib  7630  may extend from a front perimeter  7632  of the crown portion  6235  to a rear perimeter  7151  of the crown portion. The heel-side integral rib  7630  may include a plurality of layers of composite material  7614 . The heel-side integral rib  7630  may include two or more layers of composite material disposed between the inner layer  7615  and the outer layer  7610  of the crown portion. The heel-side integral rib  7630  may extend rearward from the forward portion  6231 . The heel-side integral rib  7630  may extend rearward from a starting location between the central plane  7604  and the heel-side golf ball plane  7603  and terminate at an ending location between the heel-side plane  7606  and the heel-side golf ball plane  7603 . In one example, the heel-side integral rib  7630  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2.0 mm. In another example, the heel-side integral rib  7630  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2.1 mm. In yet another example, the heel-side integral rib  7630  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2.4 mm. While the above examples may describe particular thicknesses, the apparatus, methods, and article of manufacture described herein may include the heel-side integral rib  7630  with a maximum thickness of less than 2 mm. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  6235  may include a central integral rib  7635 . The central integral rib  7635  may extend along the front perimeter  7632  of the crown portion  6235 . The central integral rib  7635  may extend from the toe-side integral rib  7625  to the heel-side integral rib  7630 . The central integral rib  7635  may extend from a forward-most end of the toe-side integral rib  7625  to a forward-most end of the heel-side integral rib  7630 . The central integral rib may extend a distance of at least 3 centimeters beside the junction  6232  formed between the front perimeter  7632  of the crown portion  6235  and the forward portion  6231  of the top portion  6230 . The central integral rib  7635  may include a plurality of layers of composite material  7614 . The central integral rib  7635  may include two or more layers of composite material disposed between the inner layer  7615  and the outer layer  7610  of the crown portion  6235 . The central integral rib  7635  may be located between the toe-side golf ball plane  7602  and the heel-side golf ball plane  7603 . In one example, the central integral rib  7635  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2.0 mm. In another example, the central integral rib  7635  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2.1 mm. In yet another example, the central integral rib  7635  may have a maximum thickness greater than or equal to 2.4 mm. While the above examples may describe particular thicknesses, the apparatus, methods, and article of manufacture described herein may include the central integral rib  7635  with a maximum thickness of less than 2 mm. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The integral ribs (e.g., generally shown as  7625 ,  7630 , and  7635 ) may enhance the flexural strength of the crown portion  6235 . The integral ribs  7625 ,  7630 , and  7635  may enhance the compressive strength of the crown portion  6235 . The integral ribs  7625 ,  7630 , and  7635  may reduce outward deflection (e.g., bulging) of the crown portion  6235  in response to an impact force transferred from the body portion  6210  to the crown portion  6235  during impact with a golf ball. Likewise, the integral ribs  7625 ,  7630 , and  7635  may reduce deflection of the crown portion  6235  inward toward the interior cavity of the golf club head  6200  in response to a downward force applied to an outer surface of the crown portion  6235 . Inward deflection may be easier to measure repeatably in a test environment than outward deflection, and inward deflection may correlate to outward deflection. Inward deflection may be measured by applying a downward force to an outer surface of the crown portion and measuring physical deflection with a suitable measuring device. In one example, when a downward force of 200 pound-force (lbf) is applied to the central crown portion  6431 , the central crown portion  6431  may deflect less than 0.025 inch. In another example, when a downward force of 200 lbf is applied to the central crown portion  6431 , the central crown portion  6431  may deflect less than 0.015 inch. In another example, when a downward force of 200 lbf is applied to the central crown portion  6431 , the central crown portion  6431  may deflect less than 0.012 inch. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The integral ribs (e.g.,  7625 ,  7630 , and  7635 ) may allow the crown portion  6235  to resist deflection better than a similar crown portion without integral ribs (e.g., one generally shown as  4835  in  FIG.  48   ). In one example, the crown portion  6235  with integral ribs may deflect inward about 0.012 inch whereas the crown portion  4835  without integral ribs may deflect about 0.020 inch in response to applying a downward force of 200 lbf to the respective crown portions. In another example, the crown portion  8835  with integral ribs (e.g.,  8815 ,  8816 , and  8817 ) of a fairway wood-type golf club head  8800  may deflect inward about 0.007 inch whereas a crown portion without integral ribs of a similar golf club head may deflect about 0.013 inch in response to applying a downward force of 200 lbf to the respective crown portions. In yet another example, the crown portion  8035  with integral ribs (e.g.,  8015 ,  8016 , and  8017 ) of a hybrid-type golf club head  8000  may deflect about 0.005 inch whereas the crown portion without integral ribs of a similar golf club head may deflect about 0.009 inch in response to applying a downward force of 200 lbf to the respective crown portions. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIG.  79   , the crown portion  6235  may include a central integral rib  7635 , a toe-side integral rib  7625 , and a heel-side integral rib  7630 . The toe-side integral rib  7625  and the heel-side integral rib  7630  may diverge in a front-to-rear direction along the crown portion  6235 . In another example, as shown in  FIG.  100   , a toe-side integral rib  10025  and a heel-side integral rib  10030  may diverge in a front-to-rear direction along a crown portion  10030 . In yet another example, a toe-side integral rib  10125  and a heel-side integral rib  10130  may converge and then diverge in a front-to-rear direction along a crown portion  10135 , as shown in  FIG.  101   . In still another example, a toe-side integral rib  10225  and heel-side integral rib  10230  may diverge and then converge in a front-to-rear direction along a crown portion  10235 , as shown in  FIG.  102   . In another example, the toe-side integral rib and heel-side integral rib may be substantially parallel in a front-to-rear direction along a crown portion. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  100    shows an exploded view of layers  10014  of an example crown portion  10035  prior to executing a manufacturing process that yields a contoured crown portion. In one example, the crown portion  10035  may replace the crown portion  6235  in the golf club head  6200  of  FIG.  62   . The crown portion  10035  may include an upper plurality of composite layers  10050 , a lower plurality of composite layers  10055 , and a crown stiffening portion  10036  between the upper and lower pluralities of composite layers. The presence of the crown stiffening portion  10036  may allow for lightweight thin portions to be utilized adjacent to the crown stiffening portion  10036 , which together may provide a crown portion  10035  that is lighter and/or stiffer than a crown portion having uniform thickness (e.g., one generally shown as  4835  in  FIG.  48   ). A thin portion  7135  may be any region in the crown portion  10035  that does not include a crown stiffening portion  10036 . The crown stiffening portion  10036  may include a toe-side integral rib  10025  and a heel-side integral rib  10030 . The toe-side integral rib  10025  may be disposed between the inner layer  10010  and the outer layer  10015 . The toe-side integral rib  10025  may be disposed between the upper plurality of composite layers  10050  and the lower plurality of composite layers  10055 . The toe-side integral rib  10025  may include one or more layers of composite material  10014 . The toe-side integral rib  10025  may include two or more layers of composite material  10014 . The toe-side integral rib  10025  may extend from a front portion of the crown portion  10035  to a rear portion of the crown portion  10035 . The toe-side integral rib  10025  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10032  of the crown portion  10035  to a location at or proximate to a rear perimeter  10051  of the crown portion  10035 . The toe-side integral rib  10025  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10032  of the crown portion  10035  toward a toe-side perimeter  10033  of the crown portion  10035 . The heel-side integral rib  10030  may be disposed between the inner layer  10010  and the outer layer  10015 . The heel-side integral rib  10030  may be disposed between the upper plurality of composite layers  10050  and the lower plurality of composite layers  10055 . The heel-side integral rib  10030  may include one or more layers of composite material  10014 . The heel-side integral rib  10030  may include two or more layers of composite material  10014 . The heel-side integral rib  10030  may extend from a front portion of the crown portion  10035  to a rear portion of the crown portion  10035 . The heel-side integral rib  10030  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10032  of the crown portion  10035  to a location at or proximate to a rear perimeter  10051  of the crown portion  10035 . The heel-side integral rib  10030  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10032  of the crown portion  10035  toward a heel-side perimeter  10031  of the crown portion  10035 . The toe-side integral rib  10025  and the heel-side integral rib  10036  may diverge in a front-to-rear direction in the crown portion  10035 . The upper plurality of composite layers  10050  may be similar to the upper plurality of composite layers  7950  described herein. The lower plurality of composite layers  10055  may be similar to the lower plurality of composite layers  7955  described herein. The outer layer  10010  may be similar to the outer layer  7910  described herein. The inner layer  10015  may be similar to the inner layer  7915  described herein. The crown portion  10035  may be incorporated into any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     During manufacturing of the crown portion  10035 , a plurality of composite layers  10014 , such as those depicted in  FIG.  100   , may be laid in a contoured mold. Pressure may be applied to the composite layers  10014  to encourage bonding of adjacent layers to form a contoured composite crown portion  10035 . Heat may be applied to the layers  10014  to encourage bonding of adjacent layers to form the crown portion  10035 . Pressing the composite layers  10014  against contoured surfaces of the mold may produce a raised central crown portion and contoured transition regions adjacent to the raised central crown portion. To ensure smooth transition regions adjacent to the raised central crown portion, each subsequent composite layer in the stack of composite layers forming the crown stiffening portion  10036  may become gradually wider (in descending order in the stack) to yield smooth transition regions in the manufactured crown portion  10035 . In the example shown in  FIG.  100   , each composite layer of the toe-side integral rib  10025  may have a toe-side width (w T ). Each composite layer of the heel-side integral rib  10030  may have a heel-side width (w H ). In one example, a composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10025  or  10030  may have a width (e.g. w H  or w T ) that is at least 1% greater than an adjacent composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10025  or  10030 . In another example, a composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10025  or  10030  may have a width (e.g. w H  or w T ) that is at least 5% greater than an adjacent composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10025  or  10030 . In still another example, a composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10025  or  10030  may have a width (e.g. w H  or w T ) that is at least 10% greater than a width of an adjacent composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10025  or  10030 . In yet another example, a composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10025  or  10030  may have a width (w H  or w T ) that is at least 15% greater than an adjacent composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10025  or  10030 . In still yet another example, the composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10025  or  10030  may have a width (w H  or w T ) that is at least 30% greater than an adjacent composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10025  or  10030 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  101    shows an exploded view of layers of an example crown portion  10135  prior to execution of a manufacturing process that yields a contoured crown portion. In one example, the crown portion  10135  may replace the crown portion  6235  in the golf club head  6200  of  FIG.  62   . The crown portion  10135  may include an upper plurality of composite layers  10150 , a lower plurality of composite layers  10155 , and a crown stiffening portion  10136  between the upper and lower pluralities of composite layers. The presence of the crown stiffening portion  10136  may allow for lightweight thin portions to be utilized adjacent to the crown stiffening portion  10136 , which together may provide a crown portion  10135  that is lighter and/or stiffer than a crown portion with uniform thickness (e.g., one generally shown as  4835  in  FIG.  48   ). A thin portion may be any region in the crown portion  10135  that does not include a crown stiffening portion  10136 . The crown stiffening portion  10136  may include a toe-side integral rib  10125  and a heel-side integral rib  10130 . The toe-side integral rib  10125  may be disposed between the inner layer  10110  and the outer layer  10115 . The toe-side integral rib  10125  may be disposed between the upper plurality of composite layers  10150  and the lower plurality of composite layers  10155 . The toe-side integral rib  10125  may include one or more layers of composite material  10114 . The toe-side integral rib  10125  may include two or more layers of composite material  10114 . The toe-side integral rib  10125  may extend from a front portion of the crown portion  10135  to a rear portion of the crown portion  10135 . The toe-side integral rib  10125  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10132  of the crown portion  10135  to a location at or proximate to a rear perimeter  10151  of the crown portion  10135 . The toe-side integral rib  10125  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10132  of the crown portion  10135  toward a toe-side perimeter  10133  of the crown portion  10135 . The heel-side integral rib  10130  may be disposed between the inner layer  10110  and the outer layer  10115 . The heel-side integral rib  10130  may be disposed between the upper plurality of composite layers  10150  and the lower plurality of composite layers  10155 . The heel-side integral rib  10130  may include one or more layers of composite material  10114 . The heel-side integral rib  10130  may include two or more layers of composite material  10114 . The heel-side integral rib  10130  may extend from a front portion of the crown portion  10135  to a rear portion of the crown portion  10135 . The heel-side integral rib  10130  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10132  of the crown portion  10135  to a location at or proximate to a rear perimeter  10151  of the crown portion  10135 . The heel-side integral rib  10130  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10132  of the crown portion  10135  toward a heel-side perimeter  10131  of the crown portion  10135 . The toe-side integral rib  10125  and the heel-side integral rib  10136  may converge and then diverge in a front-to-rear direction in the crown portion  10135 . The toe-side integral rib  10125  may have a converging front portion and a diverging rear portion. The heel-side integral rib  10130  may have a converging front portion and a diverging rear portion. The upper plurality of composite layers  10150  may be similar to the upper plurality of composite layers  7950  described herein. The lower plurality of composite layers  10155  may be similar to the lower plurality of composite layers  7955  described herein. The outer layer  10110  may be similar to the outer layer  7910  described herein. The inner layer  10115  may be similar to the inner layer  7915  described herein. The crown portion  10135  may be incorporated into any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     During manufacturing of the crown portion  10135 , a plurality of composite layers  10114 , such as those depicted in  FIG.  101   , may be laid in a contoured mold. Pressure may be applied to the composite layers  10114  to encourage bonding of adjacent layers to form a contoured composite crown portion  10135 . Heat may be applied to the layers  10114  to encourage bonding of adjacent layers to form the crown portion  10135 . Pressing the composite layers  10114  against contoured surfaces of the mold may produce a raised central crown portion and contoured transition regions adjacent to the raised central crown portion. To ensure smooth transition regions adjacent to the raised central crown portion, each subsequent composite layer in the stack of composite layers forming the crown stiffening portion  10136  may become gradually wider (in descending order in the stack) to yield smooth transition regions in the manufactured crown portion  10135 . In the example shown in  FIG.  101   , each composite layer of the toe-side integral rib  10125  may have a toe-side width (w T ). Each composite layer of the heel-side integral rib  10130  may have a heel-side width (w H ). In one example, a composite layer  10114  in the integral rib  10125  or  10130  may have a width (e.g. w H  or w T ) that is at least 1% greater than an adjacent composite layer  10114  in the integral rib  10125  or  10130 . In another example, a composite layer  10114  in the integral rib  10125  or  10130  may have a width (e.g. w H  or w T ) that is at least 5% greater than an adjacent composite layer  10114  in the integral rib  10125  or  10130 . In still another example, a composite layer  10114  in the integral rib  10125  or  10130  may have a width (e.g. w H  or w T ) that is at least 10% greater than a width of an adjacent composite layer  10114  in the integral rib  10125  or  10130 . In yet another example, a composite layer  10114  in the integral rib  10125  or  10130  may have a width (w H  or w T ) that is at least 15% greater than an adjacent composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10125  or  10130 . In still yet another example, the composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10125  or  10130  may have a width (w H  or w T ) that is at least 30% greater than an adjacent composite layer  10014  in the integral rib  10125  or  10130 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
       FIG.  102    shows an exploded view of layers of an example crown portion  10235  prior to execution of a manufacturing process that yields a contoured crown portion. In one example, the crown portion  10235  may replace the crown portion  6235  in the golf club head  6200  of  FIG.  62   . The crown portion  10235  may include an upper plurality of composite layers  10250 , a lower plurality of composite layers  102155 , and a crown stiffening portion  10236  between the upper and lower pluralities of composite layers. The presence of the crown stiffening portion  10236  may allow for lightweight thin portions to be utilized adjacent to the crown stiffening portion  10236 , which together may provide a crown portion  10235  that is lighter and/or stiffer than a crown portion with uniform thickness (e.g.  4835 ). A thin portion may be any region in the crown portion  10235  that does not include a crown stiffening portion  10236 . The crown stiffening portion  10236  may include a toe-side integral rib  10225  and a heel-side integral rib  10230 . The toe-side integral rib  10225  may be disposed between the inner layer  10210  and the outer layer  10215 . The toe-side integral rib  10225  may be disposed between the upper plurality of composite layers  10250  and the lower plurality of composite layers  10255 . The toe-side integral rib  10225  may include one or more layers of composite material  10214 . The toe-side integral rib  10225  may include two or more layers of composite material  10214 . The toe-side integral rib  10225  may extend from a front portion of the crown portion  10235  to a rear portion of the crown portion. The toe-side integral rib  10225  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10232  of the crown portion  10235  to a location at or proximate to a rear perimeter  10251  of the crown portion  10235 . The toe-side integral rib  10225  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10232  of the crown portion  10235  toward a toe-side perimeter  10233  of the crown portion  10235 . The heel-side integral rib  10230  may be disposed between the inner layer  10210  and the outer layer  10215 . The heel-side integral rib  10230  may be disposed between the upper plurality of composite layers  10250  and the lower plurality of composite layers  10255 . The heel-side integral rib  10230  may include one or more layers of composite material  10214 . The heel-side integral rib  10230  may include two or more layers of composite material  10214 . The heel-side integral rib  10230  may extend from a front portion of the crown portion  10235  to a rear portion of the crown portion. The heel-side integral rib  10230  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10232  of the crown portion  10235  to a location at or proximate to a rear perimeter  10251  of the crown portion  10235 . The heel-side integral rib  10230  may extend from a location at or proximate to a front perimeter  10232  of the crown portion  10235  toward a heel-side perimeter  10231  of the crown portion  10235 . The toe-side integral rib  10225  and the heel-side integral rib  10236  may diverge and then converge in a front-to-rear direction in the crown portion  10235 . The toe-side integral rib  10225  may have a diverging front portion and a converging rear portion. The heel-side integral rib  10230  may have a diverging front portion and a converging rear portion. The upper plurality of composite layers  10250  may be similar to the upper plurality of composite layers  7950  described herein. The lower plurality of composite layers  10255  may be similar to the lower plurality of composite layers  7955  described herein. The outer layer  10210  may be similar to the outer layer  7910  described herein. The inner layer  10215  may be similar to the inner layer  7915  described herein. The crown portion  10235  may be incorporated into any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     During manufacturing of the crown portion  10235 , a plurality of composite layers  10214 , such as those depicted in  FIG.  102   , may be laid in a contoured mold. Pressure may be applied to the composite layers  10214  to encourage bonding of adjacent layers to form a contoured composite crown portion  10235 . Heat may be applied to the layers  10214  to encourage bonding of adjacent layers to form the crown portion  10135 . Pressing the composite layers  10214  against contoured surfaces of the mold may produce a raised central crown portion and contoured transition regions adjacent to the raised central crown portion. To ensure smooth transition regions adjacent to the raised central crown portion, each subsequent composite layer in the stack of composite layers forming the crown stiffening portion  10236  may become gradually wider (in descending order in the stack) to yield smooth transition regions in the manufactured crown portion  10235 . In the example shown in  FIG.  102   , each composite layer of the toe-side integral rib  10225  may have a toe-side width (w T ). Each composite layer of the heel-side integral rib  10230  may have a heel-side width (w H ). In one example, a composite layer  10214  in the integral rib (e.g.  10225 ,  10230 ) may have a width (e.g. w H  or w T ) that is at least 1% greater than an adjacent composite layer  10214  in the integral rib. In another example, a composite layer  10214  in the integral rib  10225  or  10230  may have a width (e.g. w H  or w T ) that is at least 5% greater than an adjacent composite layer  10214  in the integral rib  10225  or  10230 . In still another example, a composite layer  10214  in the integral rib  10225  or  10230  may have a width (e.g. w H  or w T ) that is at least 10% greater than a width of an adjacent composite layer  10214  in the integral rib  10225  or  10230 . In yet another example, a composite layer  10214  in the integral rib  10225  or  10230  may have a width (w H  or w T ) that is at least 15% greater than an adjacent composite layer  7614  in the integral rib  10225  or  10230 . In still yet another example, the composite layer  10214  in the integral rib  10225  or  10230  may have a width (w H  or w T ) that is at least 30% greater than an adjacent composite layer  10214  in the integral rib  10225  or  10230 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Referring back to  FIGS.  62 - 75   , the body portion  6210  may include a protruding portion  6241 . The protruding portion  6241  may serve to lower the CG of the golf club head  6200 . The protruding portion  6241  may serve to shift the CG rearward from the face portion toward the rear portion  6280 . The protruding portion  6241  may have an arcuate shape that follows a contour of the rear portion  6280  of the body portion  6210 . The protruding portion  6241  may extend from the skirt portion  6290 . The protruding portion  6241  may extend from the bottom portion  6240 . The protruding portion  6241  may extend from the rear portion  6280 . The protruding portion  6241  may extend from the bottom portion  6240  and the skirt portion  6290 . The protruding portion  6241  may extend from the rear portion  6280  and the bottom portion  6240 . The protruding portion  6241  may extend from the rear portion  6280  and the skirt portion  6290 . The protruding portion  6241  may extend from the bottom portion  6240 , the skirt portion  6290 , and the rear portion  6280 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The protruding portion  6241  may extend a distance  6846  beyond a rear perimeter  7151  of the crown portion  6235 , as shown in  FIG.  69   . In one example, the protruding portion  6241  may extend rearward beyond a rear perimeter  7151  of the crown portion  6235  a distance of at least 2 mm. In another example, the protruding portion  6241  may extend rearward beyond a rear perimeter  7151  of the crown portion  6235  a distance of at least 3 mm. In yet another example, the protruding portion  6241  may extend rearward beyond a rear perimeter  7151  of the crown portion  6235  a distance of at least 5 mm. The protruding portion  6241  may be located within a rear half of the golf club head  6200 . The neutral axis  6806  of the golf club head  6200  may intersect the protruding portion  6241 , as shown in  FIG.  68   . The protruding portion  6241  may be located within a rear third of the golf club head  6200 . The protruding portion  6241  may be located below a horizontal mid-plane  6805  of the golf club head  6200 . The horizontal mid-plane  6805  may be parallel to and vertically offset from a ground plane  6810  and may intersect the geometric center  6276  of the face portion  6275 . The geometric center  6276  may correspond to a midpoint of the face portion  6275 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Due to the location and mass of the protruding portion  6241 , the golf club head  6200  may have a CG that is relatively low compared to other golf club heads. The low CG height may generate relatively low ball spin, which may be desirable to some individuals. In one example, the CG may be located along or proximate to a neutral axis  6806  of the golf club head  6200 . In another example, the CG may be located below the neutral axis  6806 , as shown in  FIG.  68   . The CG may be located below and within 0.2 inch of the neutral axis  6806 . The CG may be located between and including about 0.1 inch and about 0.2 inch below the neutral axis  6806 . The CG may be located at least 0.1 inch below the neutral axis  6806 . The CG may be located at least 0.15 inch below the neutral axis  6806 . 
     The protruding portion  6241  may include one or more weight port regions, and each weight port region may include one or more weight ports. In one example, the protruding portion  6241  may include a weight port region  6330 . The weight port region  6330  may include a set of weight ports  6331  (e.g., generally shown as weight ports  6332 ,  6333 ,  6334 ,  6335 ,  6336 , and  6337 ). In one example, the weight ports  6331  may be arranged along an arc  6345 . The arc  6345  may follow a contour of the rear portion  6280 . The arc  6345  may be concave relative to the front vertical plane  6815 . The golf club head  6200  may include a plurality of weight portions, shown as a set of weight portions  6361  (generally shown as weight portions  6362 ,  6363 ,  6364 ,  6365 ,  6366 , and  6367 ). One or more weight port of the set of weight ports  6331  may receive a weight portion similar to any of the golf club heads described herein. In one example, one or more weight ports of the set of weight ports  6331  may not include a weight portion. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The characteristics (e.g., density, shape, volume, size, color, dimensions, depth, diameter, materials of construction, mass, method of formation, etc.) and/or any other properties of each weight portion of the plurality of weight portions and each weight port of the plurality of weight ports may be similar in any respect to any weight portion and weight port, respectively, of any of the golf club heads described herein. In one example, the weight ports and the weight portions of the golf club head of  FIGS.  62 - 75    may have greater dimensions (e.g., length, width, diameter, depth, etc.) than any of the weight ports and/or weight portions, respectively, described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The set of weight portions  6361  (e.g., generally shown as weight portions  6362 ,  6363 ,  6364 ,  6365 ,  6366 , and  6367 ) may have similar or different masses. By using weight portions having similar or different masses in each of the weight ports, the overall mass in the weight port region  6330  and/or the mass distribution in the weight port region  6330  may be adjusted to generally optimize and/or adjust the swing weight, center of gravity, moment of inertia, and/or an overall feel of the golf club head  6200  for an individual using the golf club head  6200 . In one example, the set of weight portions  6361  may have a mass of at least 8 grams. In another example, the set of weight portions  6361  may collectively have a mass of at least 12 grams. In yet another example, the set of weight portions  6361  may collectively have a mass of between and including 8 grams and 13 grams. In still yet another example, the set of weight portions  6361  may collectively have a mass of between and including 12 grams and 16 grams. In still yet another example, the set of weight portions  6361  may collectively have a mass of between and including 15 grams and 19 grams. In still yet another example, the set of weight portions  6361  may collectively have a mass of between and including 18 grams and 22 grams. While the above examples may describe particular masses, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include the set of weight portions  6361  to have an aggregate mass of less than 8 grams or an aggregate mass of greater than 19 grams. Further, the protruding portion  6241 , in combination with the set of weight portions  6361 , may have a mass of at least 15 grams. In another example, the protruding portion  6241 , in combination with the set of weight portions  6361 , may have a mass of at least 18 grams. In yet another example, the protruding portion  6241 , in combination with the set of weight portions  6361 , may have a mass of at least 24 grams. While the above examples may describe particular masses, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include the protruding portion  6241  in combination with the set of weight portions  6361  to have an aggregate mass of less than 15 grams. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     One or more of the weight ports  6331  may have an axis that is tilted rearward of vertical. As shown by way of example in  FIG.  70   , the weight port  6336  may have an axis  7036  that is tilted rearward of vertical by an angle  7038 . This rearward tilted orientation of the weight port  6336  may allow the weight portion  6366  to be positioned lower than if the weight port  6336  were perpendicular to the bottom portion  6240 , as in the golf club head  5600  of  FIG.  58   . The rearward tilted orientation of the weight port  6336  may lower the CG of the golf club head  6200 . The rearward tilted orientation of the weight port  6336  may shift the CG of the golf club head  6200  rearward. In one example, the angle  7038  may be at least 5 degrees. In another example, the angle  7038  may be at least 10 degrees. In yet another example, the angle  7038  may be at least 15 degrees. While the above examples may describe particular angles, the apparatus, methods, and article of manufacture may include the weight port  6336  having a rearward tilted orientation of less than 5 degrees. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The outer surface  6242  and/or the inner surface  6244  of the bottom portion  6240  may include one or more inner support portions (not shown) and/or one or more outer support portion (not shown) similar to any of the inner support portions and the outer support portions described herein. The bottom portion  6240  may have a thickness  6245  of less than 1 mm. The bottom portion  6240  may have a thickness  6245  of less than 0.7 mm. The bottom portion  6240  may have a thickness  6245  of less than 0.6 mm. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Certain regions of the interior of the body portion  2310  of the golf club head  6200  may include an elastic polymer material or an elastomer material, which may be referred to herein as the filler material. The filler material may dampen vibration, dampen noise, lower the center of gravity and/or provide a better feel and sound in response to the golf club head  6200  striking a golf ball. The golf club head  6200 , may have one or more interior regions that may include a filler material as described herein. In one example, the filler material may be injected into the body portion  6210  from one or more of the weight ports (e.g., generally shown as weight ports  6332 ,  6333 ,  6334 ,  6335 ,  6336 , and  6337 ) as described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Although the crown portion  6235  is depicted in conjunction with a driver-type golf club head in certain figures, it is not limited in this regard. The crown portion  6235  may be resized for use in hybrid-type golf clubs as shown, for example, in  FIGS.  80 - 87    and fairway wood-type golf clubs as shown, for example, in  FIGS.  88 - 95   . Any of the golf club heads described herein may include a crown portion with a crown stiffening portion as described herein. Any of the golf club heads described herein may include a crown portion with one or more integral ribs as described herein. Any of the golf club heads described herein may include a crown portion with a toe-side crown portion and a heel-side crown portion as described herein. Any of the golf club heads described herein may include a crown portion with a central crown portion, toe-side crown portion, and heel-side crown portion as described herein. Any of the golf club heads described herein may include a crown portion with one or more contoured transition regions as described herein. Any of the golf club heads described herein may include a multi-level crown portion as described herein. Any of the golf club heads described herein may include a raised central crown portion as described herein. Any of the golf club heads described herein may include a crown portion with multi-layer composite construction as described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS.  80 - 87  and  98   , the hybrid-type golf club head  8000  may include a body portion  8010  with a top portion  8030 , a crown portion  8035 , a bottom portion  8040 , a toe portion  8050 , a heel portion  8060 , a front portion  8070 , and a rear portion  8080 . The bottom portion  8040  may include a skirt portion  8090  defined as a side portion of the golf club head  8000  between the top portion  8030  and the bottom portion  8040  excluding the front portion  8070  and extending across a periphery of the golf club head  8000  from the toe portion  8050 , around the rear portion  8080 , and to the heel portion  8060 . Alternatively, the golf club head  8000  may not include the skirt portion  8090 . The front portion  8070  may include a face portion  8075  to engage a golf ball (not shown). The face portion  8075  may be either integral to the body portion  8010  or a separate face portion that is coupled (e.g. welded) to the front portion  8070  to enclose an opening in the front portion  8070 . The body portion  8010  may also include a hosel portion  8065  configured to receive a shaft portion. The hosel portion  8065  may be similar in many respects to any of the hosel portions described herein. The hosel portion  8065  may include an interchangeable hosel sleeve. Alternatively, the body portion  8010  may include a bore instead of the hosel portion  8065 . The body portion  8010  may be made partially or entirely from any of the materials described herein. Further, the golf club head  8000  may be any type of golf club head having a club head volume similar to the club head volume of any of the golf club heads described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  8035  may include a central crown portion  8031 , a toe-side crown portion  8032 , and a heel-side crown portion  8033 . A first contoured transition region  8021  may separate the central crown portion  8831  and the toe-side crown portion  8032 . A second contoured transition region  8022  may separate the central crown portion  8031  and the heel-side crown portion  8033 . The crown portion  8035  may include a central integral rib  8015 , a toe-side integral rib  8016 , and a heel-side integral rib  8017 . The central integral rib  8015  may be disposed within the crown portion  8035  proximate to a front perimeter  8003  of the crown portion. The toe-side integral rib  8016  may be disposed within the crown portion  8035  proximate to the first contoured transition region  8021 . The heel-side integral rib  8017  may be disposed within the crown portion  8035  proximate to the second contoured transition region  8022 . The toe-side crown portion  8032  may be bounded by a front perimeter  8003  of the crown portion  8035 , a toe-side perimeter  8001  of the crown portion, and the first contoured transition region  8021 . The heel-side crown portion  8033  may be bounded by the front perimeter  8003 , a heel-side perimeter  8002  of the crown portion, and the second contoured transition region  8022 . The central crown portion  8031  may extend between the first contoured transition region  8021  and the second contoured transition region  8022 . The central crown portion  8831  may be bounded by a rear perimeter  8004  of the crown portion. In one example, the central crown portion  8031  may have a surface area greater than 2 square inches. In another example, the central crown portion  8031  may have a surface area between and including 2 and 4 square inches. In yet another example, the central crown portion  8031  may have a surface area between and including 2.2 and 3.5 square inches. In still another example, the central crown portion  8031  may have a surface area between and including 2.5 and 3.2 square inches. In one example, the toe-side crown portion  8032  may have a surface area between and including 0.2 and 1.5 square inches. In another example, the toe-side crown portion  8032  may have a surface area between and including 0.2 and 1.2 square inches. In yet another example, the toe-side crown portion  8032  may have a surface area between and including 0.3 and 0.8 square inches. In still another example, the toe-side crown portion  8032  may have a surface area between and including 0.4 and 0.5 square inches. While the above examples may describe particular surface areas, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include the toe-side crown portion  8032  having a surface area greater than 4 square inches. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example in  FIG.  98   , the hybrid-type golf club head  8000  is shown prior to attachment of a crown portion to the body portion  8010 . An insert  9850  is provided within an interior region of the golf club head  8000 . The insert  9850  may dampen vibrations within the golf club head  8000  resulting from impact with a golf ball, which may improve sound or feel perceived by an individual. The golf club head  8000  may include a set of weight ports (e.g.  8132 - 8139 ) located in a bottom portion  8040  of the golf club head  8000 . Each weight port may contain a weight portion (e.g.  8170 ). The set of weight ports may include a first plurality of weight ports  8101 , a second plurality of weight ports  8102 , and a third plurality of weight ports  8103 . The first set of weight ports  8101  may be located closer to a front portion  8070  than a rear portion  8080 . The second set of weight ports  8102  may be located closer to a heel portion  8060  than a toe portion  8050 . The third set of weight portions  8103  may be located closer to the toe portion  8050  than the heel portion  8060 . The first set of weight ports  8101  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 3.5 grams. The first set of weight ports  8101  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 4 grams. The second set of weight ports  8102  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 0.5 gram. The second set of weight ports  8102  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 0.75 gram. The third set of weight ports  8103  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 0.5 gram. The third set of weight ports  8103  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 0.75 gram. As shown in  FIG.  98   , the insert  9850  may extend from the first set of weight ports  8101  toward the rear portion  8080  of the golf club head  8000 . The insert  9850  may extend from the first set of weight ports  8101  to the rear portion  8080  of the golf club head  8000 . The insert  9850  may extend between the second set of weight ports  8102  and the third set of weight ports  8103 . The insert  9850  may extend to the first set of weight ports  8101 , the second set of weight ports  8102 , and the third set of weight ports  8103 . The insert  9850  may include a plurality of hexagonal holes that extend through or partially through the thickness of the insert  9850 . The hexagonal holes may be arranged on the insert  9850  to define a pattern similar to a honeycomb pattern. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS.  88 - 95  and  99   , the fairway wood-type golf club head  8800  may include a body portion  8810  with a top portion  8830 , a crown portion  8835 , a bottom portion  8840 , a toe portion  8850 , a heel portion  8860 , a front portion  8870 , and a rear portion  8880 . The bottom portion  8840  may include a skirt portion  8890  defined as a side portion of the golf club head  8800  between the top portion  8830  and the bottom portion  8840  excluding the front portion  8870  and extending across a periphery of the golf club head  8800  from the toe portion  8850 , around the rear portion  8880 , and to the heel portion  8860 . Alternatively, the golf club head  8800  may not include the skirt portion  8890 . The front portion  8870  may include a face portion  8875  to engage a golf ball (not shown). The face portion  8875  may be either integral to the body portion  8810  or a separate face portion that is coupled (e.g., welded) to the front portion  8870  to enclose an opening in the front portion  8870 . The body portion  8810  may also include a hosel portion  8865  configured to receive a shaft portion. The hosel portion  8865  may be similar in many respects to any of the hosel portions described herein. The hosel portion  8865  may include an interchangeable hosel sleeve. Alternatively, the body portion  8810  may include a bore instead of the hosel portion  8865 . The body portion  8810  may be made partially or entirely from any of the materials described herein. Further, the golf club head  8800  may be any type of golf club head having a club head volume similar to the club head volume of any of the golf club heads described herein. In one example, the heel-side crown portion  8833  may have a surface area less than 0.5 square inches. In another example, the heel-side crown portion  8833  may have a surface area between and including 0.05 and 0.4 square inches. In yet another example, the heel-side crown portion  8833  may have a surface area between and including 0.1 and 0.3 square inches. In still another example, the heel-side crown portion  8833  may have a surface area between and including 0.1 and 0.2 square inches. While the above examples may describe particular surface areas, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include the heel-side crown portion  8833  having a surface area greater than 0.4 square inches. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The crown portion  8835  may include a central crown portion  8831 , a toe-side crown portion  8832 , and a heel-side crown portion  8833 . A first contoured transition region  8821  may separate the central crown portion  8831  and the toe-side crown portion  8832 . A second contoured transition region  8822  may separate the central crown portion  8831  and the heel-side crown portion  8833 . The crown portion  8835  may include a central integral rib  8815 , a toe-side integral rib  8816 , and a heel-side integral rib  8817 . The central integral rib  8815  may be disposed within the crown portion  8835  proximate to a front perimeter  8803  of the crown portion. The toe-side integral rib  8816  may be disposed within the crown portion  8835  proximate to the first contoured transition region  8821 . The heel-side integral rib  8817  may be disposed within the crown portion  8835  proximate to the second contoured transition region  8822 . The toe-side crown portion  8832  may be bounded by a front perimeter  8803  of the crown portion  8835 , a toe-side perimeter  8801  of the crown portion  8835 , and the first contoured transition region  8821 . The heel-side crown portion  8833  may be bounded by the front perimeter  8803  of the crown portion  8835 , a heel-side perimeter  8802  of the crown portion, and the second contoured transition region  8822 . The central crown portion  8831  may extend between the first contoured transition region  8821  and the second contoured transition region  8822 . The central crown portion  8831  may be bounded by a rear perimeter  8804  of the crown portion  8835 . The central crown portion  8831  may be raised relative to the toe-side crown portion  8832  and the heel-side crown portion  8833 . In one example, the central crown portion  8831  may have a surface area greater than 3 square inches. In another example, the central crown portion  8831  may have a surface area between and including 2.5 and 6 square inches. In yet another example, the central crown portion  8831  may have a surface area between and including 3.0 and 4.5 square inches. In still another example, the central crown portion  8831  may have a surface area between and including 3.2 and 4.2 square inches. In one example, the toe-side crown portion  8832  may have a surface area between and including 0.4 and 2.3 square inches. In another example, the toe-side crown portion  8832  may have a surface area between and including 0.8 and 1.5 square inches. In yet another example, the toe-side crown portion  8832  may have a surface area between and including 1.0 and 1.4 square inches. In still another example, the toe-side crown portion  8832  may have a surface area between and including 1.1 and 1.3 square inches. The heel-side crown portion  8833  may have a surface area less than 2 square inches. In another example, the heel-side crown portion  8833  may have a surface area between and including 0.2 and 1 square inches. In yet another example, the heel-side crown portion  8833  may have a surface area between and including 0.2 and 0.8 square inches. In still another example, the heel-side crown portion  8833  may have a surface area between and including 0.3 and 0.6 square inches. While the above examples may describe particular surface areas, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include the heel-side crown portion  8833  having a surface area greater than 6 square inches. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example in  FIG.  99   , the fairway wood-type golf club head  8800  is shown prior to attachment of a crown portion to the body portion  8810 . An insert  9950  is provided within an interior region of the golf club head  8800 . The insert  9950  may dampen vibrations within the golf club head  8800  resulting from impact with a golf ball, which may improve sound or feel perceived by an individual. The golf club head  8800  may include a set of weight ports (e.g.  8832 - 8839 ) located in a bottom portion  8840  of the golf club head  8800 . Each weight port may contain a weight portion (e.g.  8970 ). The set of weight ports may include a first plurality of weight ports  8801 , a second plurality of weight ports  8802 , and a third plurality of weight ports  8803 . The first set of weight ports  8801  may be located closer to a front portion  8870  than a rear portion  8880 . The second set of weight ports  8802  may be located closer to a heel portion  8860  than a toe portion  8850 . The third set of weight portions  8803  may be located closer to the toe portion  8850  than the heel portion  8860 . The first set of weight ports  8801  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 3.5 grams. The first set of weight ports  8801  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 4 grams. The second set of weight ports  8802  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 0.5 gram. The second set of weight ports  8802  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 0.75 gram. The third set of weight ports  8803  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 0.5 gram. The third set of weight ports  8803  may include one or more weight portions having a mass greater than or equal to about 0.75 gram. As shown in  FIG.  99   , for example, the insert  9950  may extend from the first set of weight ports  8801  toward the rear portion  8880  of the golf club head  8800 . The insert  9950  may extend between the second set of weight ports  8802  and the third set of weight ports  8803 . The insert  9950  may have a front surface that abuts the first set of weight ports  8801 . The insert  9950  may have a heel-side surface that abuts the second set of weight ports  8102 . The insert  9950  may have a toe-side surface that abuts the third set of weight ports  8103 . The insert  9950  may have a rear surface that extends between the second set of weight ports  8802  and the third set of weight ports  8803  and is concave relative to the rear portion  8880  of the golf club head  8800 . The insert  9950  may extend to the first set of weight ports  8801 , the second set of weight ports  8802 , and the third set of weight ports  8803 . The insert  9950  may include a plurality of hexagonal holes that extend through or partially through the thickness of the insert  9950 . The plurality of hexagonal holes may be arranged on the insert  9950  to define a pattern similar to a honeycomb pattern. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Any of the golf club heads described herein may be part of a golf club. The golf club may include a shaft (not shown) extending from the golf club head. The shaft may have a first end attached to a hosel of the golf club head and a second end opposite the first end. The golf club may include a grip at or proximate to the second end of the shaft. The shaft may be formed from metal material, composite material, or any other suitable material or combination of materials. The grip may be formed from rubber material, polymer material, or any other suitable material or combination of materials. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The terms “and” and “or” may have both conjunctive and disjunctive meanings. The terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more unless this disclosure indicates otherwise. The term “coupled” and any variation thereof refer to directly or indirectly connecting two or more elements chemically, mechanically, and/or otherwise. The phrase “removably connected” is defined such that two elements that are “removably connected” may be separated from each other without breaking or destroying the utility of either element. 
     The term “substantially” when used to describe a characteristic, parameter, property, or value of an element may represent deviations or variations that do not diminish the characteristic, parameter, property, or value that the element may be intended to provide. Deviations or variations in a characteristic, parameter, property, or value of an element may be based on, for example, tolerances, measurement errors, measurement accuracy limitations and other factors. The term “proximate” is synonymous with terms such as “adjacent,” “close,” “immediate,” “nearby”, “neighboring”, etc., and such terms may be used interchangeably as appearing in this disclosure. 
     The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be implemented in a variety of embodiments, and the foregoing description of some of these embodiments does not necessarily represent a complete description of all possible embodiments. Instead, the description of the drawings, and the drawings themselves, disclose at least one embodiment, and may disclosure alternative embodiments. 
     As the rules of golf may change from time to time (e.g., new regulations may be adopted or old rules may be eliminated or modified by golf standard organizations and/or governing bodies such as the USGA, the R&amp;A, etc.), golf equipment related to the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be conforming or non-conforming to the rules of golf at any particular time. Accordingly, golf equipment related to the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be advertised, offered for sale, and/or sold as conforming or non-conforming golf equipment. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Further, while the above examples may be described with respect to golf clubs, the apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to other suitable types of sports equipment such as a fishing pole, a hockey stick, a ski pole, a tennis racket, etc. 
     Although certain example apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture have been described herein, the scope of coverage of this disclosure is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this disclosure covers all apparatus, methods, and articles of articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.