Patent Publication Number: US-11641097-B2

Title: Current/voltage sensor and universal tap-off box

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a system for distributing electrical power from a junction box to electrical devices via conductors installed in a power track, referred to herein as a busway. More particularly, the invention relates to distribution sub-assemblies or power taps, referred to herein as tap-off boxes, that may be removably connected to the busway or track at arbitrary locations without shutting down the power supply. 
     The tap-off boxes of the invention include a number of improvements, including the addition of a mechanism for automatically latching the tap-off box to the busway, CT sensor assemblies that detect breaker status in addition to monitoring currents distributed via the tap-off box, and replaceable faceplates that permit thermal scanning of internal components from outside the tap-off box. 
     A preferred embodiment of the tap-off box includes optional but advantageous features that allow the sub-assemblies or power taps to be adapted to or configured for a wide variety of busway applications and electrical device requirements, so that the tap-off box may be referred to as a “universal” tap-off box. 
     The invention also relates to an improved CT sensor that detects tripping of a breaker, in addition to monitoring currents, and that may be used in a power distribution sub-assembly or power tap for a busway or track, as well as in other current-sensing applications. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     The rigorous demands of mission critical data center sites require methods to quickly disconnect and reconnect equipment without removing power from any other equipment. Additionally, all power distribution systems of the type used in mission critical data centers and other sites requiring continuous power distribution to multiple devices must be capable of providing monitoring of power parameters both locally and remotely. An example of such a power distribution system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,819,676, assigned to Power Distribution, Inc. and incorporated herein by reference. 
       FIG.  1    is a perspective view of a section of the power track or busway illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 7,819,676. The busway is made up of a power track housing assembly that supports isolated high current conductors. A commercial version of the illustrated busway is sold by Power Distribution, Inc. as part of the P OWER W AVE ™ and P OWER W AVE  2™ bus systems. As illustrated in  FIG.  1   , the busway housing assembly includes a housing or enclosure  1 ; insulators  2 ; the high current conductors or bus bars  3 ; and auxiliary sub-channels  9  that may contain communications components, such as data signal-carrying electrical or fiber optic communications cable  7  and data connectors  4  for connecting the cable to monitoring circuitry in the individual tap-off boxes, and/or an isolated ground conductor for engaging a corresponding ground element (not shown) extending from the tap-off box. Housing or enclosure  1  may further include grooved runways  6  extending along the top and sides of the housing assembly for mounting or securing EMI shielding and/or mounting plates (not shown) that enable the busway to be secured to a ceiling or overhead mounting structure. 
     It will be appreciated that the present invention may be applied to or used with busway systems other than the one disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,819,676, or the PowerWave™ bus systems, and that features of the tap-off box may be varied to accommodate the different bus systems without departing from the scope of the invention. On the other hand, it is to be understood that the preferred embodiment of the invention shares features with the PowerWave™ bus system, including spring contacts that engage the conductors or bus bars  3 , and a spring contact camming mechanism that is activated, as described below, by a slidable and rotatable knob. 
     One of the improvements offered by the present invention relates to securing of the tap-off box to the busway, and in particular to a latching mechanism that is independent of the contact-engagement mechanism, and that automatically latches the tap-off box in place before the camming mechanism is activated to cause the spring contacts to engage respective conductors in the busway. The inclusion of an independent latching mechanism ensures that the tap-off box is properly positioned at the time the contacts are engaged so as to ensure a proper connection and avoid damaging the contacts, while also preventing the tap-off box from being unintentionally pulled from the busway while the contacts are engaged, which could cause damage to the contacts or busway and present a serious safety hazard. 
     Unlike known tap-off box latching mechanisms, the latching mechanism of the invention does not require a complex interlock with the contact-engaging mechanism, and furthermore does not require any action on the part of the installer other than insertion of the tap-off box contact mast into the busway. In contrast, prior tap-off box arrangements having independent latching mechanisms, such as the ones disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,611,252 and German Publication No. DE102010036081, have required some sort of manual intervention on the part of the installer to secure the tap-off box after the mast has been inserted into the track or busway. 
     For example, the tap-off box securing mechanism of U.S. Pat. No. 3,611,252 uses a spring-biased member that automatically extends into a slot only after a mast of the tap-off box has been inserted into the track and the tap-off box and mast have been rotated into a final contact-engaging position. In this arrangement, a spring-biased blocking member prevents rotation of the tap-off box back to a position at which it can be removed. On the other hand, the tap-off box latching mechanism disclosed in German Patent Publication No. DE102010036081 provides positive latching of a tap-off box upon purely linear insertion of a contact assembly into the track, without any rotation, but requires a complex “connecting mechanism” consisting of dual axially opposed spring-biased “connecting elements” that snap-on to latch the tap off box to the rail by engagement between bearing surfaces on the connecting elements and abutment surfaces on the rail, and further requires an additional “locking mechanism” operated by a handle in order to both initially prevent movement of the locking elements in a disengaging direction, and also to move the locking elements in a disengaging direction. 
     Other examples of non-automatic tap-off box latching mechanisms include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,744,386 and PCT Patent Publication Nos. WO 94/24731 and WO 97/00167, in which the latch and contacts are actuated and withdrawn together by a common switch or lever; U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,502, which discloses a latching mechanism operated independently from the contact engaging/disengaging mechanism, but in which the latching mechanism is still lever-operated in both the latching and unlatching directions; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,686,614, which discloses a latching mechanism that is lever-operated to move a latching member in the latching direction, against a spring bias in the unlatching direction (which is operated the direction needed to achieve automatic latching). 
     Finally, by way of further background, non-automatic tap-off box securing mechanisms or means that are neither automatic actuated by levers, cam, or the like include those of PCT Publication No. WO2012/032381, which describes a tap off box latching arrangement actuated by a cover interlock; U.S. Pat. No. 2,861,139, which discloses a cover-operated interlock for the contacts only, and in which the tap-off box is secured to the bus by screws; U.S. Pat. No. 2,984,769, which discloses a tap off-box with cover-contact interlock that is simply hung from the busway by hooks; and U.S. Pat. No. 2,888,529, which discloses a cover-operated interlock between a load switch and the contacts. 
     Another improvement offered by the present invention relates to monitoring of current in a branch circuit carried by the tap-off box, and in particular to the use of a new type of non-contact current sensor in which is installed a plastic or graphite voltage-sensing insert that provides an anchor for the current sensor and that replaces an auxiliary circuit breaker trip detection switch to detect tripping of a respective circuit breaker in the corresponding branch circuit. 
     It is known to use arrays of current transformer (CT) sensor components to non-invasively monitor current in branch circuits, both in connection with a breaker panel board and also in a tap-off box. Such CT sensor arrays are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,421,443 and 6,809,509. Other conventional CT sensor arrays and housing configurations are disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2014/0210453; 2014/0167787; and 2005/0162252, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,146,259; 8,680,845; 8,421,443; 7,652,871; 7,477,058; and 6,329,810. Of these, U.S. Pat. No. 8,421,443 is of interest because the CT sensor assembly an additional component, in the form of a memory chip  226 , embedded in the individual transformer housing. However, none of the conventional current sensors have a way to detect whether an absence of current is caused by a tripped circuit breaker or just normal operation of the branch circuit. Instead, it has heretofore been necessary to provide an auxiliary circuit breaker trip detection switch operated by the movable contact arm assembly of the breaker to detect whether a current interruption has been caused by tripping of the breaker. While effective, the inclusion of auxiliary breaker trip detection switches in a multiple-breaker tap-off box, where space may be at a premium, is inconvenient and costly. Furthermore, each different type of breaker will require a different auxiliary trip detection switch. Because the trip detection switch is mechanically connected to the breaker, there is no way to provide a single auxiliary switch that can be used with multiple circuit breaker configurations. 
     Another especially advantageous feature that may be provided in the tap-off box of the present invention is a replaceable faceplate made of a material transparent to infrared radiation so as to permit infrared scanning of breakers from outside the tap-off box, and that may be replaced by a different infrared radiation transparent faceplate to accommodate different breaker configurations without having to replace the entire cover. By way of background, Power Distribution, Inc.&#39;s U.S. Pat. No. 7,819,676 discloses a cover made of infrared transmissive material to facilitate infrared scanning of internal components. (col. 8, lines 19-22), but not with a variable configuration breaker faceplate for diverse types of breakers. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is accordingly an objective of the invention to provide an improved tap-off box for a power distribution busway system. 
     It is also an objective the invention to provide an improved latching arrangement for a tap-off box. 
     It is a further objective of the invention to provide an improved current sensor arrangement for a tap-off box. 
     It is yet another objective of the invention to provide an improved IR monitoring faceplate arrangement for a tap-off box. 
     These objectives are achieved, according to one aspect of the invention, by a tap-off box that includes a latching mechanism that automatically secures the tap-off box to the busway upon insertion of a spring contact-carrying mast into the busway. Automatic latching of the tap-off box enables the spring contacts to be safely moved by an installer into engagement with conductors in the busway. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the latch is in the form of a single spring-loaded member that latches onto a rail as the masthead is pushed into the busway. A push button actuated camming member pushes the latch away from the rail to enable the masthead to be withdrawn from the busway. The push button and camming member are independent of the mechanism that extends and retracts the spring contacts while the masthead is inserted and latched into the busway. 
     The objectives of the invention are also achieved by a tap-off box with circuit breaker monitoring that does not require an auxiliary breaker trip detection switch or other space-occupying components, but rather is provided by a voltage sensing insert that fits into the current monitoring CT sensors, and that can be used with any circuit breaker configuration. The voltage-sensing insert may also be used to replace an auxiliary breaker switch in applications other than a tap-off box. 
     Still further objectives of the invention are achieved by a tap-off box with a cover configured to include a replaceable infrared transmitting faceplate that can be adapted for a variety of different breaker configurations. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cover may also include a replaceable current monitoring module with breaker status indicator lights. 
     These and other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is an isometric view of a conventional busway to which the tap-off box of a preferred embodiment of the present invention may be installed. 
         FIG.  2    is an isometric view, taken from the front, of a tap-off box constructed in accordance with the principles of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG.  3    is an isometric view, taken from the rear, of the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment. 
         FIG.  4    is an isometric view of a mast included in the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment. 
         FIGS.  5  and  6    are side views showing operation of a latching mechanism as the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment is inserted into a busway of the type illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIGS.  7  and  8    are side views showing variations of a latch member for the latching mechanism illustrated in  FIGS.  5  and  6   . 
         FIG.  9    is an isometric view of the latch member illustrated in  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  10    is an isometric view of an unlatching mechanism for the latching mechanism illustrated in  FIGS.  5  and  6   . 
         FIG.  11    is an isometric view, taken from the rear, showing further details of the mast of  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  12    is an isometric view, taken from the front, showing further details of the mast of  FIG.  4    and latching/unlatching and contact-engaging mechanisms for the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment. 
         FIG.  13    is an isometric view showing interior components of the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment, with removed side and front panels. 
         FIG.  14    is an exploded view of the components shown in  FIG.  13   . 
         FIGS.  15   a  to  15   d    show parts of a laminated bus bar for use in the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment. 
         FIG.  16    is an isometric view of the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment, including side panels but with front and receptacle panels removed. 
         FIG.  17    is an isometric view corresponding to that of  FIG.  16   , with an added receptacle externder. 
         FIG.  18    is an isometric view, taken from the rear, with an added cover adapter to allow increased enclosure depth. 
         FIGS.  19 A and  19 B  are isometric views showing the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment, with front panel removed, with and without side and receptacle panels. 
         FIGS.  20  and  21    are isometric views showing alternative receptacle top panel configurations for the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment. 
         FIGS.  22  and  23    are isometric views of the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment, including a variable configuration breaker faceplate. 
         FIG.  24    is an isometric view of the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment, showing a field replaceable monitoring unit. 
         FIG.  25    is an isometric view of the monitoring unit of  FIG.  24   . 
         FIG.  26    is an isometric view of the monitoring unit of  FIG.  24   , with cover removed. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Throughout the following description and drawings, like reference numbers/characters refer to like elements. It should be understood that, although specific exemplary embodiments are discussed herein there is no intent to limit the scope of present invention to such embodiments. To the contrary, it should be understood that the exemplary embodiments discussed herein are for illustrative purposes, and that modified and alternative embodiments may be implemented without departing from the scope of the present invention. 
       FIGS.  2 - 12    show a latching mechanism and a contact-engaging mechanism for a universal tap-off box according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The tap-off box includes a generally planar quadrilateral mast  11  that extends from a tap-off box housing  12 . Mast  11  supports four spring contacts  13 - 16 , two of which ( 13 , 14 ) are on a front side of the mast  11 , as shown in  FIG.  11   , and two of which ( 15 , 16 ) are on the rear side of the mast  11 , as shown in  FIG.  12   . The spring contacts  13 - 16  are positioned to engage conductors  3  on the two sides of a busway of the type illustrated in  FIG.  1   . Each of the contacts  13 - 16  is a generally rectangular plate spring attached at one end  18  to the mast  11  and having a distal, conductor-engaging edge  19  that rests against the mast when a camming mechanism is in an initial position, and that is cammed away from the mast against a restoring force of the spring when the camming mechanism is rotated to a conductor-engaging position after insertion of the mast  11  into the busway. The spring restoring force biases the spring contacts  13 - 16  towards the mast  11 . 
     The camming mechanism includes posts  20 , each having a cam shaped cross-section in portions of the respective posts that extend behind the spring contacts  13 - 16 . The posts  20  are rotatably secured to the mast by clips  21 , and each post includes a cylindrical base  22  having a radially extending bore  23  for receiving a horizontal crank post  24  attached to slider  25 , visible in an end view in  FIGS.  5  and  6   . Slider  25  is in turn attached to a knob  26  that is slidable along a horizontal guide slot  27  near a top of the tap-off box housing  12 . 
     In operation, the knob is initially on the left side as shown in  FIG.  2   . In this position, the posts  20  are in a position in which the spring contacts  13 - 16  rest against or are flush with the mast  11 , allowing insertion of the mast  11  into the busway. Following insertion of the mast  11  into the busway, the knob  26  is slid to the right side of guide slot  27 , moving the crank posts  24  to cause rotation of the cylindrical bases  22 , which causes posts  20  to rotate. Rotation of the posts  20  cams the distal ends  19  of spring contacts  13 - 16  away from the mast  11  and into engagement with the conductors  3  in the busway. Knob  26  can then be rotated to cause it to clamp the housing  12  of the tap-off box between the knob  26  and the slider  25 , preventing lateral movement of the knob  26  and locking the spring contacts  13 - 16  in the conductor-engaging position. 
     The configuration of the camming mechanism and spring contacts of the preferred embodiment illustrated herein may be the same as configuration of the camming mechanism and contacts in the PowerWave™ systems sold by Power Distribution, Inc. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the camming mechanism and spring contacts may also be varied without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, unlike the conventional tap-off box connection system, the present invention adds an automatic latching arrangement that engages upon full insertion of the mast  12  into the busway, to hold the tap-off box in position before the spring contacts are engaged, and to permit the spring contacts to be disengaged by manipulation of knob  26  while the tap-off box is still securely locked in position. 
     The latching mechanism of the present invention is best viewed in  FIGS.  5 - 12   , and includes a single one-piece latch member  30  having a latch head  31  with a busway engaging surface  32  and an inclined cam surface  33 , a main body with a pivot notch  34 , a lower extension  35  with a pushing surface  36 , and a spring mounting slot  37  or integrated spring  38 . The pivot notch receives a pivot post  39  positioned in an opening  40  in the mast  11 , as shown in  FIG.  4   . The busway engaging surface  32  is arranged to engage a top surface  42  of one of the sub-channels  9  in the busway of  FIG.  1   , but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the latch head  31  and engaging surface  32  may be arranged to latch onto horizontal surfaces of a busway other than the illustrated surface, including surfaces not associate with sub-channels, depending on the design of the busway, and that the invention is not limited to use with the busway of  FIG.  1    or the particular latch member shape or structure illustrated in  FIGS.  5 - 12   . For example, the pivot notch  34  may be replaced by a hole or by an axle extending from the latch member  30 . 
     The latch member  30  is biased to pivot to the latching position by a separate spring fitted into slot  37 , or by the integrated spring  38 . During insertion of the masthead  11  into the busway, the inclined cam surface  33  first encounters a lower portion of the sub-channel  9 , as shown in  FIG.  5   , or any structure between the latch head  31  and the latch-engaging top surface  42 . The latch member  30  is then caused to pivot around post  39 , against the force of the spring bias, until the mast  11  is inserted into the busway by an amount sufficient to enable the latch head  31  to clear the sub-channel  9  or other structure, as shown in  FIG.  6   , at which time the latch pivots in response to the spring bias and automatically engages the top surface  42  to latch the mast  11  within the busway and prevent removal of the tap-off box. At this time, the spring contacts  13 - 16  are positioned to face conductors  3 , and may be safely moved into engagement with the conductors by manipulation of knob  26 , as described above. In addition, completion of mast insertion results in independent ground springs  44 , if provided, being positioned within corresponding slots in the busway, and rails  46 , which extend from the top of the tap-off box, having engaged the busway housing  1 . 
     While engagement of the latching mechanism is automatic, disengagement is provided by an unlatching mechanism that includes an unlatching member  47  having a central pusher  48  for engaging the pushing surface  36  of the latch member  30 , integral or attached springs  49  for biasing the unlatching member  47  to a position in which the pusher  48  is disengaged from the pushing surface  36 , and buttons  50  for causing the unlatching member  47  to move against the spring bias and cause the pusher  48  to engage the pushing surface  36 . Further movement of the pusher  48  and pushing surface  36  in response to pushing of buttons  50  then causes the latch member  30  to pivot against its own spring bias, and busway engaging surface  32  to disengage from top surface  42  so that the tap off box can be removed from the busway. The use of two buttons  50  at opposite sides of the pushing member forces the operator to firmly grasp the tap off box by, for example, placing the operator&#39;s fingers on a surface of the housing  12  opposite the surface from which the buttons extend, on both sides of the box, and to simultaneously push on both buttons  50  by using the operator&#39;s thumbs in order to move the pusher  48  far enough to cause disengagement, thereby preventing premature or unintentional unlatching of the tap-off box and ensuring that the operator&#39;s hands are in a position to safely remove the tap off box by pulling vertically on both sides of the housing  12 . 
       FIGS.  13  and  14    show the interior of the tap-off box of the preferred embodiment, which the front and sides of the housing removed. Housing  12  contains power distribution and monitoring circuitry, including circuit breakers, bus bars, and current sensors, as will be described below. 
     Each of the spring contacts  13 - 16  is electrical connected by respective wires (not shown) that extend through the mast to terminals  54  positioned near a top of the tap-off box. Terminals  54  are connected to the circuit breakers  55  by a laminated bus system  56  made up of four parts  57 - 60  shown respectively in  FIGS.  15   a  to  15   d   , which distribute the current supplied through the four spring contacts  13 - 16  and corresponding terminals  54  into two branch circuits. Parts  57 - 60  are in the form of conductive plates with appropriately positioned terminals and laminated together with insulation layers to form a unitary assembly that can easily be installed in the tap-off box as a unit, and that can be customized for different circuit breaker and branch circuit configurations by forming the plates  57 - 60  to have appropriately positioned terminals. It will be appreciated that the circuit and circuit breaker configurations, including the number of spring contacts and bus conductors, and the number of branch circuits, may be varied without departing from the scope of the invention. To this end, the use of the laminated bus assembly, which is preferred but not required, makes it possible to more easily vary the branch circuit configuration. Furthermore, in order to better accommodate different types of breakers or breakers with different current capacities, the breakers  55  are optionally mounted on an adjustable height mounting bracket  61 . 
     The downstream sides of the circuit breakers  55  and ground terminals  62  are connected by wires (not shown) to output connectors or receptacles  63 , 64  having selected alternative configurations, as will be described below in connection with  FIGS.  20  and  21   . The wires extend in conventional fashion through current sensors  65 , 66 , which are connected to a field replaceable monitoring module  71  via respective printed circuit boards  67 , 68  and an interposer printed circuit board  69  containing an output connector  70 . The monitoring module  71  contains circuitry for providing an output monitoring signal via a communications cable  72  that can, for example, be attached to a databus carried by one of the channels  9  in the busway. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that monitoring module  71  and communications cable  72  may be replaced by a different format module and connector as desired. The interposer printed circuit board  69  is preferably positioned above sensor circuit boards  67 , 68  to save space, with connection between the circuit boards being provided by one or more jumpers or ribbon cables  73 . It will be appreciated that the configuration of the respective circuit boards  67 - 69 , connector  70 , monitoring module  71 , and related components may be varied without departing from the scope of the invention. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  13  and  14   , the current sensors  65 , 66  are non-contact, single phase CT current sensors that surround the branch circuit connection wires extending between the output receptacles and the circuit breakers  55 . Such sensors are typically made up of wire wound toroidal coils on a metallic or nonmetallic core and enclosed within a plastic housing that may be mounted to the circuit board and electrically connected via terminals connected to the toroidal coils, and are commercially available. As a result, the sensors  65 , 66  may be freely varied without departing from the scope of the invention, except to the extent that the current sensors  60  are capable of receiving voltage sensing inserts  74 . 
     The voltage sensing inserts  74  replace the auxiliary breaker switches commonly used to detect tripping of the breaker based on breaker contact positions, and may be made up of a generally annular, plastic or graphite encased non-contact voltage sensor element. As is well known, non-contact voltage sensing elements may take a variety of forms, such as a capacitive plate or wire (not shown). In order to detect tripping of the breaker, the voltage sensing elements are arranged to output a signal upon detecting a change in voltage that results when the breaker goes from a closed position to an open position. Rather than being connected to the current monitor, the signal-outputs of the insert are connected to monitoring and indicator circuitry that would otherwise be connected to the auxiliary switch. The auxiliary switch monitoring circuitry may, for example, control breaker operation indicator lights  75  on the monitoring module  71 , as shown in  FIG.  25   . Monitoring module  71  preferably further includes a blind connector  76 , shown in  FIG.  26   , for connection to the monitoring module output connector  70  on the interposer printed circuit board  69 . 
       FIG.  16    shows a side plate arrangement for the tap-off box housing  12  of the preferred embodiment. The side plates  82  illustrated in  FIG.  16    are extruded aluminum panels that provide enclosure rigidity and strength as well as grounding continuity, and that are arranged to fit within a flange  83  of a back panel  84 . By varying the width of the side plates  82 , top plate  81 , and a receptacle panel  85  (shown in  FIG.  19 B ), the thickness of the tap off box may be varied to accommodate different size receptacles  63 , 64  and/or breakers  55 . 
     The receptacle panel  85  shown in  FIG.  19 B  fits within slots  86  formed in the side plates  82  to ensure electrical ground continuity, and include openings  87  of various shapes to accommodate different sizes or types of receptacles such as, by way of example and not limitation, the IEC version receptacles  63  shown in  FIG.  20    and the NEMA version receptacles  64  shown in  FIG.  21   . 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is also within the scope of the invention to provide side panel or receptacle arrangements other than the illustrated arrangements, including arrangements in which the top, side, and bottom panels or plates are integral with the back or front panels, or formed in one piece therewith, and arrangements in which the receptacles are provided with adapters or extenders  88  to leave more room within the enclosure for bigger wires or cables. It is also possible, as shown in  FIGS.  20  and  21   , to provide one or more panels with an adapter such as the cover adapter  89  to increase the width to match the width of other panels or plates and allow increased enclosure depth. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  22  and  23   , the front panel or cover  90  preferably includes not only an opening  91  for the output connector  70  and a recess  92  for the monitoring module  71 , but also an opening  93  for receiving a field replaceable breaker faceplate  94 . The field replaceable breaker faceplate  94  may have various configurations to accommodate different types of breakers, and includes a plate  95  that is transparent to infrared radiation to enable infrared scanning of the breakers from outside the tap-off box, without having to remove the front panel or cover  90 . 
     Finally, as shown in FIG. the monitoring module  71  may optionally also include one or more additional LED indicator lights  96  to, for example, provide an indication that maintenance is required. To facilitate replacement of the faceplate  94 , the recess  92  may include posts  97  for receiving captive quarter turn fasteners  98  or similar fastening members. In addition, an adapter  99  may be provided to enable connection of the illustrated jack  100  with a Molex type micro-fit connector provided in the busway. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the monitoring unit may use any of a variety of different communications protocols and jacks or adapters without departing from the scope of the invention.