Patent Publication Number: US-8974293-B2

Title: Bonus game points in a gaming environment

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent Ser. No. 09/971,853, filed Oct. 4, 2001, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent Ser. No. 09/788,168 filed Feb. 15, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,758,757, issued Jul. 6, 2004, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent Ser. No. 09/742,679, filed Dec. 20, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,923,721, issued Aug. 2, 2005. 
    
    
     COPYRIGHT NOTICE 
     A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. 
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     This disclosure pertains generally to gaming systems where game events are based at least in part on random events. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for awarding players bonus game points upon the occurrence of predetermined game events, the bonus game points being accumulated until bonus play is invoked, and where the bonus play is otherwise available only upon the occurrence of game events based at least in part on randomized results. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Gaming devices of various types have been in use for many years. The most common type is the conventional slot. A player operates a slot machine by providing coin or paper monies that are received as game credits towards playing a game on the slot machine. Some machines allow a user to provide game credits in the form of a voucher, a printed coupon or a data card (e.g., magnetic strip or smart card). Once the sufficient amount of game credits has been provided to constitute a wager, the player then initiates the game, normally by pulling a handle or activating a button. If a winning event occurs, where a winning event is defined by the game being played, the slot machine issues a winning amount according to the player&#39;s wager and to a predetermined pay scheme. The game results are generally based on randomly generated events. The winning amount issued to the user is provided by a corresponding amount of game credits, which the player may redeem (cash-out) or use for further play on the slot machine. Similar game play and award schemes are provided according to other gaming devices such as video poker machines and keno machines. 
     Bonus and progressive awards have been introduced as improvements to conventional gaming devices to entice increased game play. A common bonus scheme is to award a player a chance to multiply the player&#39;s award winnings on a secondary or bonus stage of the game. Most bonus awards are simply an increased multiple of the primary winnings and are issued as game credits suitable for redemption or further play of the gaming device currently being played. In certain cases where the bonus award is large, manual payout by a casino attendant may be required. In some cases a non-monetary prize (e.g., a car) is made the subject of the bonus award. Like the larger monetary progressive awards, these non-monetary prizes are normally tendered manually by a casino attendant. 
     Progressive awards, like bonus awards, also normally comprise simple monetary credits, but typically comprise a large jackpot amount. Progressive awards couple more than one gaming machine, where some amount of the money a player spends at each gaming machine goes into a central award or “pot”. The players of each coupled machine compete for the progressive award. The overall result is that a significantly larger award can be won by a player playing progressive games at a coupled machine than can be won at an individual gaming machine. Upon the occurrence of a specific game result, the progressive award is issued to the player. Since the progressive award is normally large, it is normally paid manually by a casino attendant or cashier. 
     Another prior art gaming implementation is known as “investment bonus”. An example of this type of game is the 1937 Mills “Bonus Bell” game which provides a primary slot reel game and a secondary investment bonus game (or “come-on” feature). During play, the word “BONUS” could be spelled out by hitting the correct letters in sequence on the first reel for an eighteen (18) coin award. This type of game is generally referred to as an “investment bonus” game, because the player invests in continued play of the same machine to achieve the requirements for the bonus award (e.g., in the Mills&#39; game completing the word “BONUS”). If the player were to terminate play of the investment game prior to completing the requirements for the bonus award (e.g., the player only completes “BON”), the player normally forfeits the player&#39;s prior investments (“BON”) and must later fulfill the requirements anew. Furthermore, a subsequent player may “take over” a previous player&#39;s investment by commencing play of the investment bonus game after the previous player vacates the machine. 
     Current gaming devices and methods, while suitable for normal award credit payout and one-time non-monetary prize payout, have some particular disadvantages. In particular, current gaming machines do not provide support for any type of graduated method for players to invoke bonus game play or bonus games. Further, current gaming machines do not provide a way to combine results from different gaming machines that are usable to invoke a bonus game or bonus play on another gaming machine. Current systems also fail to provide for a way to combine graduated awards or points leading to a bonus play for later aggregation with the same machine during subsequent play. Present systems also fail to provide graduated inceptives for particular bonus games or play, where more than one bonus game exists on a gaming machine or is otherwise available to a player. 
     Thus, there is a need for a method and apparatus to enable players using gaming devices to gradually work towards a bonus round, bonus game, or bonus play based on extended game play from more than one machine. There is further a need to be able to differentiate between a plurality of bonus games which may be worked towards during extended gaming. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure provides for method and apparatus to award and use incremental steps towards a bonus game or bonus play on a gaming machine. Traditionally, the only way to invoke bonus play or a bonus game with a casino style gaming machine is to play until a random event occurs which results in the game indicia matching, in the game&#39;s payout table, the configuration needed to invoke the desired bonus. 
     The disclosed embodiments create bonus points. Bonus points may be accumulated and redeemed, during play or at a kiosk, for bonus game plays or eligibility for a bonus game, tournament game, and the like. Bonus points are a unit derived in conjunction with the underlying payout structure and paytables of gaming machines in a casino where these factors (as well as promotional considerations) are combined and incorporated into gaming machine payout tables so that a player receives bonus points at a significantly higher frequency than directly winning the bonus play or bonus game to which the bonus points apply. In one embodiment, the bonus games are always directly winnable as well. The intent of bonus points is to make an apparently rare random win of a bonus event become more accessible to regular players by providing an alternate method of achieving the same result. 
     In one embodiment, a method of using gaming machines having bonus games is disclosed. The method includes: designating two or more groups of gaming machines; issuing one or more bonus points as a result of play of a non-bonus game at a first gaming machine associated with a first group of gaming machines, wherein the one or more bonus points are redeemable for play of a bonus game at gaming machines belonging to the first group of gaming machines and invalid for redemption for play of a bonus game at gaming machines belonging to a second group of gaming machines, wherein the bonus game is initiatable in a first mode and a second mode, the first mode including an occurrence of an event during play of the non-bonus game and the second mode including a redemption of the one or more bonus points; and upon redemption of one or more bonus points, initiating play of the bonus game. 
     In another embodiment, a method of using gaming machines having bonus games is disclosed. The method includes: issuing one or more bonus points as a result of play of a non-bonus game at a gaming machine associated with a first group from two or more groups of gaming machines, wherein the one or more bonus points are redeemable for play of a bonus game at gaming machines belonging to the first group of gaming machines and invalid for redemption for play of a bonus game at gaming machines belonging to a second group of gaming machines, wherein the bonus game is initiatable in a first mode and a second mode, the first mode including an occurrence of an event during play of the non-bonus game and the second mode including a redemption of the one or more bonus points; and upon redemption of one or more bonus points, initiating play of the bonus game. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
         FIG. 1  is a functional block diagram of an example system for maintaining award game states. 
         FIG. 2  is a functional block diagram of an example game board suitable for use with the disclosed embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a functional block diagram of another example system for maintaining award game states. 
         FIG. 4  depicts a sample voucher ticket suitable for use with the disclosed embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  is a functional block diagram of another example system for maintaining award game states. 
         FIG. 6  is a functional block diagram of another example system for maintaining award game states. 
         FIG. 7  is a functional block diagram of another example system for maintaining award game states. 
         FIG. 8  is functional block diagram showing an example gaming device suitable for use with the disclosed embodiments. 
         FIG. 9  is a functional block diagram showing an example prize station suitable for use with the disclosed embodiments. 
         FIG. 10  is a functional block diagram depicting meta-games suitable for use with the disclosed embodiments. 
         FIG. 11  is functional block diagram showing prize organization suitable for use with the disclosed embodiments. 
         FIG. 12  is a functional block diagram depicting a game state saving game suitable for use with the disclosed embodiments. 
         FIG. 13  is a functional block diagram depicting another game state saving game suitable for use with the disclosed embodiments. 
         FIG. 14  is a functional block diagram of a GBI service station. 
         FIG. 15  is a flow diagram showing an example use of a GBI service station. 
         FIG. 16  is an illustration of bonus game point certificates as they relate to bonus games. 
         FIG. 17  is an illustration of bonus game points as they relate to different bonus games and gaming machines. 
         FIG. 18  is a flow diagram showing game play using non-savable bonus points. 
         FIG. 19  is a flow diagram showing game play using savable bonus points. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Persons of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the following description of the disclosed embodiments is illustrative only and not in any way limiting. Other embodiments will readily suggest themselves to such skilled persons having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     Referring to the drawings, for illustrative purposes the disclosed embodiments are shown embodied in  FIG. 1  through  FIG. 19 . It will be appreciated that the apparatus may vary as to configuration and as to details of the parts, and that the method may vary as to details and the order of the acts, without departing from the inventive concepts disclosed herein. 
     Referring first to  FIG. 1 , a block diagram of an example system for maintaining a player&#39;s award credit state is shown. System  114  includes a gaming device  100  and a prize station  112 . Gaming device  100  comprises a conventional game of chance, such as a slot machine, video poker machine, video lottery device, keno machine, bingo machine. The gaming device  100  may alternatively comprise a live table game of chance, such as a blackjack table or roulette table, where the functions described herein carried out by the gaming device are carried out by a table attendant. 
     If gaming device  100  is not a live table game, then gaming device  100  further provides a game  116  configured for play by a player. Gaming device  100  would then include typical hardware and software components (not shown), such as a processor, memory, and input/output devices such as a video output and control inputs, and game software, for executing game  116 . According to play of the game  116 , one or more game results may provide the player with an “award credit”. The game results may be provided by a game of chance involving random events or may be provided from a predetermined outcome selected from a fixed pool (e.g., a lottery). 
     Award credits, unlike game credits which are used for playing the game  100 , may be directly redeemed for prizes or awards on prize station  112 . Award credits may also be used in a meta-game. Although in the preferred embodiment award credits are not used for additional game play, the disclosed embodiments fully encompasses embodiments which do provide for award credits being used to add to game play credits. 
     A meta-game is defined as using credits, award credits, promotional credits (defined below), or any other transferable result(s) from one or more individual games comprising a plurality of individual game units, towards a game that requires, in order to play, the output results (in terms of credits, award credits, promotional credits, special indicia, etc.) of previously played game or games, and where the meta-game is a different game than any of the games from which output results are being used. 
     In the simplest case (other than straight prize redemption using award credits) the award credits may comprise meta-game pieces which are collected by the player for use at prize station  112 . In this example, the meta-game pieces may be part of a game board or puzzle and when the player has collected a particular subset (i.e., collection or accumulation) of meta-game pieces, the player uses those pieces to “play” prize station  112 , where the combination of award credits will entitle the player to a particular prize or class of prizes. In other cases the award credits may entitle the player entry into a more complex meta-game, where the award credits are used in the meta-game in a similar way that currency is used in primary games. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a sample game board  200  having spaces for game pieces  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  and  210 . The game pieces  202  through  210  may be represented by indicia or representation to a particular theme, such as a popular board game, television show, movie, etc. Game rules may require accumulation of all or part of the game pieces  202  through  210  for different levels of prize awards. 
       FIG. 2  also illustrations a second sample game board  212  having letter space holders to accommodate letters  214 ,  216 ,  218 ,  220  and  222  corresponding to the word “WATCH”. This game allows a player to collect letters (game pieces) from the word “WATCH” during game play of the primary game, normally a slot game. Once the player has collected all the letters, the player may redeem a prize corresponding to “WATCH” from the prize station. Numerous other game board formats and rules suitable for use with the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art and with the benefit of the present disclosure. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 1 , according to one aspect of the disclosed embodiments, the gaming device  100  is configured to maintain a record of the accumulated award credits (game pieces) associated with the player, including award credits earned during play of the game  116 . The player may maintain the player&#39;s state of award credits earnings (e.g., award credit game state, or award credit state) even when the player has terminated play of the gaming device  100 . In one embodiment, the player&#39;s game state is maintained via a prize bearing instrument (PBI)  104 . PBI  104  may comprise any media suitable for associating a player&#39;s award credits with the player. Example media include a printed ticket (voucher), a magnetic or smart card, or other information storage medium. As an interface to PBI  104 , gaming device  100  provides a PBI reader/writer device (not shown) capable of reading PBI  104  and writing to (or generating) a PBI. PBI  104  will typically contain one or more data records indicating the number of (or collection of) award credits earned by the player. For vouchers, gaming device  100  will include a voucher reader and a voucher printer that is in operable communication with gaming device  100 . When the player selects to terminate play, gaming device  100  prints a voucher indicating the number of award credits earned by the player. 
     Gaming device  100  is also configured to determine the accumulated award credits previously earned by the player, generally by reading PBI  104  as presented by the player and identifying any award credits indicated. The previous award credits may have been earned from the same gaming device  100  or a similar gaming device having the same underlying feature set of gaming device  100 . 
     The award credits previously earned as identified by gaming device  100  are accumulated with further award credits which the player may earn during current play of gaming device  100 . The accumulated award credits may be maintained by the player at the termination of play of the gaming device  100  via another PBI  104  which indicates the overall accumulated award credits earned. PBI  104  thus preserves the “award credit game state” or “game state” of the player in terms of award credits upon termination of play on the gaming device. The player may later resume play of the gaming device  100  at the preserved game state by presenting PBI  104  to game device  100  as described above. 
     In the example “WATCH” game  212  of  FIG. 2 , the player retains the player&#39;s earned letters (investment) so that when the player later continues play either on the same or different game, the player&#39;s letters (investment) is retained and restored and the player resumes play from the preserved game state. Although described herein for the purposes of redeeming tangible prizes and service, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the disclosed embodiments are suitable for use with preserving game states (e.g., award credits, game pieces) for use with bonus games, progressive games, investment bonus games, among others. 
     Continuing with  FIG. 1 , prize station  112  contains one or more prizes  110 . The prizes may be tangible goods (e.g., diamonds, keys to a car, event tickets), services, or monetary awards. Although not required for operation, the prizes are not generally redeemable directly via cash payments by the player to the prize station or the game devices. Rather the prizes are normally redeemable via award credits earned by the player from playing gaming device  100 . The redemption process indicated by double-headed arrow  108  is manually initiated by a player, as is the playing process indicated by double-headed arrow  102 . Both paths make use of PBI  104 . Redemption path  108  is executed by presenting one or more PBIs to prize station  112 . Prize station  112  is equipped with a PBI reader/writer device (not shown) for reading PBI  104  and determining the award credits associated with the player from data provided by PBI  104 . The prize station then determines the prizes to which the player is entitled according to the award credits earned by the player. For example, prizes may be selected according to the number of award credits earned (e.g., using a hierarchical prize level arrangement) or according to the collection of types of award credits earned (e.g., game pieces on a game board or puzzle) or both. Other prize payout arrangements may also be used. 
     After the player&#39;s selection, the selected prize is awarded to the player. According to one embodiment, the prizes are maintained in vaults having doors secured by latches and windows to thereby allow the player to see the prizes inside the vaults and yet provided a level of security by limiting access to the prize. A button actuator receives the player&#39;s selection. In response, the latch is released allowing the player to open the door and retrieve the prize. In another embodiment, an attendant provides the prize to the player in response to the player&#39;s selection. Security measures may also be implemented including verification of the PBI via a validation server, which verifies transactions indicated by the PBI against records in a database (not shown). Additionally, if an attendant tenders the prize, the attendant may be required to present a code or electronic key identifying the attendant. This identifying information may then be verified against a validation server to determine whether the attendant has sufficient authority to tender prizes to players. 
     In another embodiment, the prize station  112  comprises a conventional computer having a display monitor to present the prizes. In this embodiment, a web site may be used to provide an interface to which the player redeems award credits. In yet another embodiment, prize delivery may be made using a conventional courier services or mail service. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , another embodiment of a system for maintaining a player&#39;s award game state is shown. System  314 , like system  114  described above in conjunction with  FIG. 1 , comprises a gaming device  302  for playing a game  304  and a prize station  312  comprising one or more prizes  310 . System  314  further comprises a validation device  300  which typically comprises a server computer configured with conventional hardware and software components (not shown). Validation device  300  is operatively coupled for communication with gaming device  302  and prize station  312 , normally via a network connection, shown as connections  318 . 
     Validation device  300  may function in one of a number of ways. According to one aspect of the disclosed embodiments, validation device  300  may serve to validate award credits which are earned and collected by the player on gaming device  302  and redeemed for prizes at prize station  312 . Various validation means known in the art may be used to carry this out, including maintaining transaction records on validation device  300  which corresponds to transaction records identified on the player&#39;s PBI  306 . 
     According to another aspect of the disclosed embodiments, the use of validation device  300  eliminates (or reduces) the need for recording the actual award credits onto PBI  306 . Rather, validation device  300  may serve to maintain the award credits associated with players in a database (not shown). Under this arrangement, the player is identified with a record in the database, which further identifies the award credits earned by the player. The player may use any means for identifying herself to gaming device  302  or prize station  312 , including using a personal identification number (PIN) or using an identity PBI  306 , which instead of bearing the award credits earned by the player, provides a unique identifying information to identify the player&#39;s corresponding game state (e.g., award credits or game pieces) information. The use of PBI  306  is indicated by double-headed arrows  308  and  316 ; both show a manual path of use by the bearer of the PBI. In each case the bearer of PBI  306  would insert it into a PBI reader at the target location. 
       FIG. 4  depicts an example ticket voucher  400 . Ticket voucher  400  includes a data record in the form of a UPC bar code  402 . As described above in conjunction with  FIG. 3 , this data record may identify the player&#39;s award credits or may alternatively identify the player&#39;s corresponding record in the validation unit&#39;s database. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates another example embodiment of a system for maintaining a player&#39;s game state. The system has a gaming device  506  suitable for playing a game  504  and a prize station  502  having one or more prizes  500 . Gaming device  506  and prize station  502  are integrated into a single unit. 
     Gaming device  506  and prize station  502  may further be operatively coupled for communication to allow prize redemption to be made by the player via the gaming device. In this embodiment, the gaming device may include a monitor or other display device (not shown) for displaying game play as well as prize selection on a single display unit. The gaming device may further be coupled to or configured to be coupled to a network for connection to the global information network (Internet). Under this arrangement, a web-based scheme may be used to provide prize selection and to select a delivery method directly on the gaming device. In this environment, the player&#39;s award credits may be used for shopping online. For example, a prize selection may allow a player to purchase a predetermined amount of goods or services from pre-selected online merchants. PBI  508  may also be used as described above in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 3 . Path  512  shows manual use of PBI  508  with the player inserting/withdrawing PBI  508  from gaming device  506 . Path  510  may be either a manual path, where the player inserts PBI  508  into a reader associated with prize station  502 , or may include an electronic connection between gaming device  506  and prize station  502 , where PBI  508  may be issued after completing a transaction at both gaming device  506  and prize station  502 . 
     Referring next to  FIG. 6 , shown is another example embodiment for maintaining a player&#39;s award game state. There is a game device  606  having a game  604  for play and another game device  614  having a game  608  for play. The game device  606  is integrated with a prize station  600  as described above in conjunction with  FIG. 5 . 
     The award credits earned by a player on game device  606  may be maintained and later presented and accumulated with additional award credits on game device  606  or game device  614 , normally via PBI  612 , although as noted above, a validation unit may be used to perform this game state maintenance function on the “back-end”. Likewise, award credits earned by a player on game device  606  may be maintained via PBI  612  for presentation and accumulation of further award credits on game device  614 , or game device  606 . PBI  612  may be presented to the prize station  600  for prizes shown generally as  602 . Paths  616 ,  618 , and  620  show the different uses to which PBI  612  may be used in this embodiment. Paths  618  and  620  are award credit creation/gathering by manually using (or receiving) PB 1   612  from gaming devices  606  and/or  614 . Path  616  indicates the manual use or retrieval of PBI  612  after using prize station  600 . 
     Turning now to  FIG. 7 , there is shown another example award state maintenance system which comprises a plurality of individual systems grouped as  708 ,  720 , and  732 .  FIG. 7  illustrates that a wide variety of systems and subsystems may be utilized with the disclosed embodiments. Subsystems include those that are both connected and unconnected. 
     Systems  708  and  732  are each operatively coupled for communication to a validation device  700  and a monitoring device  702  via a data communications network  704 . System  708  comprises a plurality of game devices and prize stations each coupled to a conventional remote game controller (RGC)  734 . RGC  734  is coupled to communication network  704  for communication with the validation and monitoring units. System  708  includes individual game device  716  and prize stations  712  and  718 . System  708  further includes integrated game devices and prize stations  710  and  714 . Award credits earned in any of the gaming devices may be maintained according to the disclosed embodiments, including a PBI, validation unit  700 , or via a combination of the PBI and the validation unit  700  as described above. The disclosed embodiments encompass configurations that allow system  708  to issue award credits that may or may not be used on system  732  or on system  720 ; any subsystem may be configured to accept or reject award credits from other subsystems, depending on the needs of the particular installation. 
     System  732 , like system  708 , comprises a plurality of game devices and prize stations each coupled to an RGC, which is coupled to communication network  704 . The game devices of system  732  include table games (TG)  722  and  724  as well as conventional gaming devices  726  (with integrated prize station) and  728  and a non-integrated prize station  730 . Table games  722  and  724  are maintained by an attendant or dealer for the particular table game (e.g., blackjack, roulette). Each table game is also equipped with a PBI reader/writer (not shown) to enable a player of the table game to present her PBI and establish the player&#39;s existing or previously earned award credits. Certain game results (such as consecutive blackjacks) may result in further award credits to be earned by the player during play of the table game. At the completion of play, the PBI reader/writer may be activated to generate a PBI to give to the player after play is completed. As noted above, the award credits may alternatively be managed by validation device  700  in conjunction with individual PBIs, or without the need for a PBI where a player has a PIN number to identify the player. Table game  722  differs from table game  724  in that table game  722  further has in combination a prize station, where a player may redeem award credits for prizes. 
     System  720  also comprises a plurality of gaming devices and prize stations, but unlike systems  708  and  732  this system is not coupled to communication network  704 . Each gaming device will use PBIs rather than validation device  700  and monitoring device  702 . As discussed earlier, the overall system may be configured to allow or disallow PBIs generated from subsystem  708  or  732  to be used in the machines comprising subsystem  720  and vice versa. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 8 , a gaming device is shown in additional detail. Gaming device  800  comprises a game  802  (skill, arcade, chance, semi-skill, fixed-pool) operatively coupled with savable game state manager  804 , which is also operatively coupled with a PBI input/output device  806 . The PBI input/output device  806  is configured to read, write, generate, transmit, and receive information about PBI  810  as needed. Path  814  shows a manual usage path for PBI  810 ; the player must manually insert the PBI into the PBI reader. If PBI  810  comprises a printed ticket (voucher), the PBI input/output device  806  comprises a voucher reader for reading vouchers and indicia printed thereon, such as “Interleaved  2  of  5 ” bar codes. The PBI input/output device  806  would further include a voucher printer for generating vouchers when the player terminates play on gaming device  800 . 
     Savable game state manager  804  carries out the operation of managing a player&#39;s savable game states during play. If a player presents a PBI  810  prior to playing, the previously earned savable game states are identified from PBI  810  and/or from validation device  808  which communicates with the gaming device  800  over an electronic communications path  812 . While playing game  802 , the player may earn additional credits or change savable state based on winning game events. These events are noted by savable game state manager  804  in conjunction with the previously earned savable game states, if any. Upon termination of play of the gaming device by the player, another PBI  810  may be issued to the player which contains data associating the cumulative award credits or other game state earned by the player. 
       FIG. 9  shows a prize station in more detail. Prize station  900  comprises a PBI input/output device  908  operatively coupled to an award credit manager  906 , a prize selection module  904  coupled to the award credit manager  906 , and a plurality of prizes maintained in vault  902 , the vault operatively coupled for communication with the prize selection module  904 . 
     When a player presents one or more PBIs to prize station  900 , shown as PBI  910  and manual insertion path  916 , the PBI input/output device  908  reads the award credits associated with the player. Award credit manager  906  determines the total award credits&#39; value, either directly from PBI  910  and/or from validation device  912 . Validation device  912  is operably connected to prize station  900  via electronic communications path  914 . Prize selection unit  904  offers to the player one or more prize selections based on the player&#39;s total award credits. The player may select a prize selection or may cancel prize redemption. If a player selects a prize, the prize is awarded from vault  902 . If the prize selection does not exhaust the player&#39;s total award credits, another prize selection may be offered to the player, if the remaining credits are sufficient to support a prize selection from the vault  902 . If the remaining award credits are not sufficient to support a prize selection, the remaining award credits are maintained and associated with the player, normally by dispensing another PBI  910 . 
     Where an attendant manages a prize booth to carry out the functions of the prize station, the player presents one or more PBIs  910  to a PBI input/output device  908  associated with the prize booth to ascertain the award credits associated with the player. The player&#39;s award credits are indicated to the attendant, normally via a conventional video display device (not shown). The attendant then notifies the player of the prizes (and/or prize levels) to which the player is entitled according to the player&#39;s earned award credits. This can be carried out manually via a catalog (or a prize display booth) or automatically via the display device. In response, the player makes a prize selection, and the attendant either manually tenders the prize to the player or provides automatic (via vending device) or courier delivery (e.g., mail, parcel service) to the player. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates two additional meta-game systems which may be implemented using the game state maintenance system.  FIG. 10  includes a prize station  1000  and a plurality of gaming device indicators illustrated as gaming device indicators  1002 ,  1004 , and  1006 . Each gaming device indicator corresponds to a gaming device on the game floor; there may be as many gaming device indicators as there are individual games in actual implementations or they may be grouped for convenience. Under this arrangement, a particular prize awarded by the prize station  1000  may require an award credit from each of the gaming devices indicated by  1002  through  1006  or a predetermined subset, such as three award credits where at least two of three must come from different gaming devices. Various other award requirements may also be used, and will readily come to mind for a person of ordinary skill in the art and with the benefit of the present disclosure. 
     Another example of a meta-game involves banks of gaming devices. Bank  1  is shown having individual gaming device indicators  1008 ,  1010 , and  1012 . Bank “n” is referenced generally as  1014 , and is understood to further comprise individual gaming device indicators not individually labeled. There may be any number of banks between bank  1  and bank “n”. Prize station  1000  may require an award credit from each bank of gaming devices (corresponding to the gaming device indicators) in order to receive a particular prize. Each bank may be configured as the same game (e.g., blackjack), the same device type (e.g., slot machine), the same family of game (e.g., games manufactured by Sierra Design Group™), or other arrangement. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a sample hierarchical prize level arrangement suitable for use with the disclosed embodiments. The sample arrangement includes prize levels comprising a silver level ( 1106  through  1108 ), a gold level ( 1102  through  1104 ), and a platinum level  1100 . One or more prizes may be associated with each level. For example, bracelet prizes may be available at the silver level ( 1106  through  1108 ), watches may be available at the gold level ( 1102  through  1104 ), and diamond jewelry may be available at the platinum level ( 1100 ). According to this arrangement, the gaming device may provide silver level award during play. The player may decide to redeem the silver award for one of the bracelet prizes, or the player may elect to accumulate additional silver level awards by playing the same or another gaming device. 
     The prize values in this example are arranged hierarchically, where two of the prizes at one layer are worth one of the prizes at the layer above. Two silvers awards may be used to redeem either two silver prizes or one gold prize. Similarly, the player may accumulate four silver awards and use them to redeem one platinum prize, two gold prizes, four silver prizes, or one gold and two silver prizes. A player retains any unused (unredeemed) credits during prize redemption. Thus, if a player has accumulated four silver awards, the player may decide to redeem a gold award (at the cost of two silver awards), and retain two remaining silver awards for later use or accumulation. 
     Having the ability to save award credit state creates the need and desire to save other states associated with a gaming device. A player will be particularly interested in saving the game state of a game that involves the accumulation of play points or play state, where the game state is not tied to award credits (or perhaps not yet tied in to award credits but could be). 
     Generally, game states other than award credit states fall into one of two categories. The first is saving credit state, that is, saving state when working towards an award or credit, where the game&#39;s state is derived from a game of chance or from a result from a fixed-pool set of results. The second is saving any other game state that affects the state of the game as it appears to a player if they leave and return later, typically a skill game where the player has reached a certain level or point value and doesn&#39;t want to have to start over. 
     An example of the first type is shown in  FIG. 12 . This is a state saving game associated with games based on chance (or fixed-pools) and working towards an award state. Typically the goal, if reached, is playing credits or award credits. Gaming device  1200  has a standard primary game with indicia windows shown as  1202 . The primary game may be any of the well-known reel games, poker games, keno, bingo, fixed-pool games, etc. There is a panel of player buttons, shown between buttons  1206  and  1208 , used for the primary game. Any layout and interface may be used, from a fixed number of physical buttons to a dynamic layout of touchscreen buttons. Also included are an output slot  1204  and an input slot  1210 . Input slot  1210  accepts ID cards, ID vouchers, smart cards, game state vouchers, or any other means used to present gaming device  1200  with credits, states, or ID. If presented with ID, gaming device  1200  must be in operable communication with a back-end database (not shown), typically over a LAN (not shown). The communications means is used to retrieve data associated with the presented ID. 
     Voucher IDs are intended to be used by people who may be at a casino for more than a brief time, but who do not want to be entered as “players” in the casino&#39;s database (typically used by casinos for player tracking purposes and by players to be awarded player tracking points). This may include people who want to play a series of games over an evening or a week, want the convenience of having some gaming data kept on a back-end database, but do not want to give the casino their personal data. The player may choose to use a voucher ID, which is simply any media on which a unique identifier is recorded (typically an alphanumeric sequence). This may include a card with a magnetic strip, smart card, bar-coded voucher, or any other form of readable media that can easily be carried by a person. Gaming device data, discussed below, can now be associated with the “voucher ID” rather than a traditional player&#39;s card. Typically, voucher IDs would be given limited life spans, specified by the holder or establishment. 
     Like traditional player cards, the player using a voucher ID may be awarded “points” according to conventional methods for calculating player tracking incentives or awards. Later, the player may redeem the points by presenting his/her voucher ID at redemption sites established by the casino. Redemption sites could include, but are not limited to, restaurants, bars, hotels, or customer counters. 
     Returning now to  FIG. 12 , when playing the primary game there will be game states, indicia, or other aspects of the primary game that will trigger the secondary game. In this example, the secondary game is the “Froggie” game. Each time the secondary “Froggie” game is invoked by the primary game, frog  1214  will advance up one step. The secondary game starts at step  1  (the steps are labeled). With each invocation of the “Froggie” game, frog  1214  advances one step. After 7 invocations, frog  1214  will be sitting on step  8 . With one more trigger of the secondary game, the player will get the frog to its home pad  1212  (step  9 ) and will be awarded either 1000 game credits. Alternatively, the number of steps the frog advances on each secondary game invocation can be partially determined by the indicia shown on the primary game, allowing for more than one “hop” per invocation. When the frog reaches its home pad  1212 , the game may present the player with the option of award credits instead of play credits. 
     The player has the option of saving the state of the game at the start of each primary game play. In this example, the state saved would be the state of the secondary game, specifically the frog&#39;s current step location. If the player plays “Froggie” enough to advance frog  1214  to step  5 , the player may touch button  1206 , the “save state” button, and receive a print-out in the form of a voucher from output slot  1204 . Immediately after saving the game state to a voucher, the game resets itself to the base state, with frog  1214  back on step  1 . The player may now leave the game for a while and come back, inserting the previously generated voucher into slot  1210 . The game will set itself to the state saved, in this case placing frog  1214  on step  5 . The game is now ready to be played. 
     Typically the game state just recovered will be available for a fixed length of time, perhaps 3 minutes. The game must be played within that allotted time or the game reverts to its start state and the game state voucher value is lost. If the player inserts the game state voucher and decides not to play the game, the voucher can always be recovered by pressing the “save state” button before the allotted time is up. Although discussed in terms of vouchers, any read/write media may be used in addition to having all the game state data stored in a back-end database, accessed by an ID card, PIN, ID voucher, and the like. All such methods of saving game state are fully contemplated by the disclosed embodiments. 
     The advantages of saving game state are increased interest in investment bonus games by the players. With the ability to save their state, players who must leave without having reached the winning secondary game state have a much higher incentive to return and continue playing. 
     In addition to saving game state associated with awards, game state may be saved simply to keep a score on a non-award game or skill game. An example of this type of game state is shown in  FIG. 13 . In gaming device  1300  there is a primary game, indicated with indicia windows  1302 . The primary game may be any game of chance or a fixed-pool game, including but not limited to poker, keno, reel-games, etc. Buttons shown between  1306  and  1308  are used to play the primary game in its known manner. Also included is input slot  1310  for reading any convenient input form that may be used to record game state. This includes but is not limited to vouchers, magnetic strip cards, smart cards, player IDs, ID vouchers, etc. Output slot  1304  is used to give any form of game state saving media to the player on request, typically some form of voucher or magnetic media. Button  1306  is used for secondary game play; button  1308  is a “save state” button that directs the gaming device to save the current state of the game. All this is shown for illustrative purposes only and can take a plethora of functionally equivalent forms, including configurations with just a single game. 
     In this case, when the secondary “Froggie” game is triggered or invoked from the primary game, the player can play the game for skill points. Frog  1316  has a tongue (not shown) that can be extended by pressing button  1306 . A plurality of “fireflies” shown as  1314  are flying near frog  1316 . A player presses button  1308  when a firefly is in line and near the frog&#39;s mouth, getting points thereby. The player accumulates points that are recorded on the screen at  1312 . 
     When the player needs to leave the machine for a time, the player has the option of pressing “save state” button  1306  and saving the game state of the machine that can be saved—in this case, the players score on the secondary game. The player will be issued a bearer record from output slot  1304  on which is recorded the game state. When the player returns later, the player inserts the readable media into read slot  1310  and the game will reset to the saved state. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the saved game state will also have an expiration date associated with it. The idea is to encourage a player to maximize their skill point score within a specified period of time (thereby encourage game use in general during the same period). The expiration time picked would depend on the game type, the player&#39;s average stay, as well as other factors, but would typically be in hours or days. 
     The saving of game states discussed above includes award states, “partial” award states (secondary or bonus game state, before award points or prizes have been awarded) and skill game states. Also included is the fact that any game state that is allowed to be savable by a player may be saved. This determination may be made by the gaming device itself, a back-end server with a database for networked gaming devices, or by parameters set by the operators or other accountable people. The examples given above are illustrative, showing preferred embodiments. They are not exhaustive; the inventive concept disclosed herein fully encompasses any savable game states. 
     Game states may be saved in an instrument similar to that of award credits; bar codes on a voucher, and the like. The descriptions already provided above for various types of prize-bearing instruments (PBIs) and devices that read, write, and use them, also apply equally as well for game state instruments (GSIs). The same is also true of the system architectures described for use with PBIs, since all the descriptions hold equally true for use with GSIs. Whereas the information contained on a PBI is related to prize redemption, the information on GSIs is to save game state. 
     If both award credits and game state saving games are used in the same establishment or casino, the preferred embodiment is to combine the two. The amount of information that needs to be stored for both PBIs and GSIs is readily accommodated on any of the instruments described for the PBIs, and may readily be stored in the same database records with additional fields. In this preferred embodiment, a single bearer instrument would contain data for both award credit saving and game state saving, allowing users to carry a single instrument for both uses. It would look essentially the same as the example of  FIG. 4 , but perhaps with two bar code strips, one over the other, with the PBI and GSI information. 
     In addition to carrying information on saved game state for one gaming device, it is fully envisioned that the disclosed embodiments encompass the saving of game states for multiple games on a single bearer instrument. If the game state is being saved in a back-end database, this is the straightforward association of one player ID or voucher ID with multiple game state records, where the game state records include fields identifying the gaming device to which the saved state applies. For bearer instruments such as vouchers, multi-game, multi-state vouchers will be issued. These will be supported by readers that will read and understand (decode) the multi-game, multi-state instruments. And as discussed above, although vouchers are being used as an example of bearer instruments, any form of read/write media suitable for use as a bearer instrument is within the scope of the disclosed embodiments. 
     It is envisioned that casual players may well end up carrying multiple instruments after a while. To help them, as well as provide other related services including advertising and special promotional offers, the GBI service station will be provided. “GBI” stands for general bearer instrument, and is a combined form having PBI, GSI, or PBI and GSI information on it.  FIG. 14  shows a functional block diagram of a GBI service station. Because the complexity of the interaction at the GBI service station is relatively high, a preferred embodiment will have a minimum number (if any) “hard” buttons, shown generally as buttons  1408 . These hard buttons may provide a few preliminary choices, such as screen display only, print-only, and read-out only functions (read-only functions are provided for people who forget what a PBI, GSI, or GBI has on it—it provides an English, Spanish, Japanese, or other language translation of what the instrument has on it, and then returns the instrument without further processing). An implementation using hard buttons may be preferred if the GBI service station has limited capabilities; for example one that only provides reading services and nothing else. 
     GBI service stations will also have at least one input slot, shown as  1404 , and may have more than one. A minimal configuration will have an input slot for voucher-based PBIs, GSIs, and GBIs. Optional slots may be for magnetic cards, smart cards, player&#39;s cards, and related instruments carried by people. There will also be at least one printer output port, shown as slot  1406 . Also shown is a video display  1402 , further being a touchscreen for user input. GBI service station will preferably be connected to the establishment&#39;s or casino&#39;s back-end database  1412  via a LAN  1410  or functionally equivalent means. Being connected to a back-end database is optional; a subset of the GBI service station&#39;s primary functions can still be carried out without the connection, and in some installations (for security or other reasons) it may be desirable to have one or more GBI service stations installed unconnected. 
     The functionality provided by the GBI service station is geared towards helping users manage and understand any and all instruments and/or awards or credits they may have. This will be especially helpful to occasional users who do not play enough to “memorize” the meaning of the various instruments and awards. The user starts a session by pressing a hard button for certain limited functions, or inserting any applicable instrument in its&#39; respective slot (i.e., player&#39;s card in a player card slot, PBI in the voucher reader slot). This action corresponds to entry box  1500  in  FIG. 15 . 
     The user initially decides if they want a read-only session at decision diamond  1502 . If the answer is yes, the “YES” exit is taken to decision diamond  1504 . If the user has presented a form of ID to the GBI service station (rather than some form of GBI credit), the “YES” exit is taken from decision diamond  1504  to decision diamond  1506 . If the GBI service station can access a back-end database and the ID is recognized, the “YES” exit is taken to box  1508 . Action in box  1508  includes asking if the user wants a display or a print-out, and then providing the user with the current state of any credits in the back-end database associated with the ID presented. Box  1508  is then left and the process finishes at finish  1510 . 
     If, at decision diamond  1506 , the ID was not recognized, the process finishes immediately at finish point  1510  (with a polite message to that effect on the screen). If, at decision diamond  1504 , the user presented something other than an ID the “NO” exit is taken and box  1512  entered. Action taken in box  1512  is to ask if the user wants the information in hardcopy or video form, present the information to the user in that manner, return the instrument to the user, and proceed to finish the transaction at finish  1510 . 
     If, at decision diamond  1502  the answer was “NO”, the user wants to do something more than have something read. The “NO” exit is taken to box  1514 . Action taken in box  1514  is to determine from the user where to get input, and then to present all information to the user in total. There are basically two places from which data can be gathered. One is from instruments carried by the user and the other is from a back-end database. If the user requests information from a back-end database, the user is asked for ID. The ID can take any form, from a voucher ID to a player&#39;s card to a PIN. The user is then asked to submit instruments until they have no more (i.e., PBIs, GSIs, and/or GBIs). Once the user indicates to the GBI service station all sources of credits has been accumulated, the GBI service station combines like data and reaches a total. Combining like data consists of combining award credits, consolidating game state information for the same gaming device, etc. Much, if not most, of the data will not be able to be combined; it will simply be listed in order. An example of hard to combine data will be GSI data. On the other hand, award credits will always combine. Box  1514  is left and box  1516  entered. 
     The action in box  1516  is to present the information to the user in the most coherent manner possible. As before, the user may choose hardcopy or video output. Box  1516  is then left for decision diamond  1518 . 
     In decision diamond  1518  the user is asked if they want to combine credits that are combinable, and re-issue the rest in as compact a form as possible. If the answer is yes, the “YES” exit is taken to box  1524 . The action taken in box  1524  is to do the combinations possible, remove redundant or expired credits, etc. These calculations may be done in the GBI service station or in a back-end server in a networked environment. Box  1524  is then left for decision diamond  1526 . 
     At decision diamond  1526  the user is asked if they want to store the information on a back-end database or if they want the credits re-issued to them in an instrument form, typically GBI vouchers. If the answer is yes to the back-end database storage, the “YES” exit is taken and box  1530  entered. Please note that if the GBI service station in use is not networked, clearly the “NO” exit is taken from this decision diamond. 
     In box  1530 , the back-end database determines if the current user has an ID. If they do, the data is recorded in records associated with that ID. If not, the user is issued a voucher ID or equivalent and the data is then stored on the database using the newly issued ID. The process finishes by then entering finish  1532 . 
     If the user indicated no at decision diamond  1526 , then the “NO” exit is taken to box  1528 . The action taken is to issue a new GBI to the user that incorporates all the valid credits listed for the user, included any combined credits. The process then finishes by leaving box  1528  and entering box  1532 . 
     If, at decision point  1518  the user answered no, the “NO” exit is taken to box  1520 . Action taken in box  1520  is instructing the user on possible combinations. For example, a user may want a separate GSI game state vouchers (to give to a friend to use), or may want to divide up any award credits into even amounts on several different vouchers to distribute to friends. Any combination of vouchers may be created for the user. Box  1520  is left and box  1522  is entered. 
     Action in box  1522  is to put up interactive screens and determine the combination of vouchers the user wants the GBI service station to produce. After determining a set of vouchers equal in value to the credits and vouchers presented to the GBI service station at the start of the session, box  1522  is left and box  1534  entered. 
     The action in box  1534  is to present a list to the user of the newly combined credits and/or game states, and ask which are to be stored in a back-end database and which are to be issued as newly generated GBIs. The user indicates which are to be stored and which are to be issued in a GBI form. Box  1534  is left and box  1536  entered. The action taken in box  1536  is to store and/or issue the GBIs the user requested. As with box  1530 , if the user currently has no ID for the database and requested some of the newly recombined credits or game states be stored on a back-end database, a voucher ID or equivalent will be given to the user at this time. The process now exits box  1536  and finishes by entering finish  1532 . 
       FIG. 16  illustrates the use of bonus game points (a.k.a. bonus points). A player must collect a specified number of bonus points to invoke or play a bonus game. Specifically illustrated are bonus point certificates, which are vouchers having player readable indicia on them indicating a value, applicable bonus games or game levels, and in one preferred embodiment, an expiration date. Bonus games or levels are indicated in the final column as “L One”, “L Two”, or “L Three.” “L” means level or category (grouping) of bonus games. This aspect may not be explicitly applicable to all casinos, and is intended for use in casinos having either multiple levels of bonus play or bonus games available, or, designated groups of bonus games or bonus plays having similar value but which the casino wants to keep separate. If a casino uses no explicitly defined bonus levels (with corresponding bonus points), it is defined as having one default bonus level. Thus, all implementations of the disclosed embodiments have one or more bonus levels in use. 
     Finally, the disclosed embodiments may support both groupings in the same casino; that is, a set of bonus levels and within levels, game groups. Bonus levels correspond, approximately, to maximum possible payouts while groupings correspond to bonus play or games having approximately the same payout value. Thus game groups are created for other than monetary reasons, such as similarity of play or location. 
     Bonus points, using machine readable indicia on a GBI or as part of the data kept in a back end database, readily provides for any combination of groupings and levels, allowing point sharing between gaming machines of designated groups but not between gaming machines not in the group (or level), at each casino&#39;s discretion. Such indicia may be as simple as assigning numerical equivalents to differing levels and groups from using a single byte of data, to being as complicated as using relational records in a database used to indicate relationships between gaming machines. The chosen implementation will depend on the needs of each casino. 
     At a minimum, “level” is used to refer to a set of bonus plays or bonus games that have been established to have an interchangeable underlying value with each other. Further, a “level” will typically correspond to bonus games, bonus plays, or bonus rounds that have an equivalent cost to the casino. This enables a casino to create a class of bonus games or bonus plays, all enabled by the same bonus point value (a specified number of designated bonus points). This provides flexibility to both the casino and the players. It allows players to enjoy playing a variety of games while building bonus points, then further enables the player to win the bonus game of their choice (within a level) when they have accumulated enough bonus points. 
     A casino may define any number of bonus levels and use corresponding (assigned) bonus points. Illustrated are three levels, L One  1600 , L Two  1602 , and L Three  1604 . In a preferred embodiment, L One corresponds to a set of bonus plays associated with the least expensive win amounts, while L Three corresponds to the most expensive, having higher pay outs. Depending on the overall goals of the casino, the various levels may be inter-related or kept entirely distinct. If kept distinct, a player may not use bonus points collected at one level towards play on another level. 
     One embodiment of inter-related levels is shown as  1606 , where an accumulated specified number of bonus game points allows a player to invoke four L-1 bonus plays ( 1608 ), two L-2 bonus plays ( 1610 ), or one L-3 bonus play ( 1612 ). Clearly illustrated is the case where the expected payout relationship doubles between levels. This value relationship is completely up to the casino and may be embodied in any way, including non-linear relationships. 
     Further illustrated in  FIG. 16  are several preferred embodiments of saving bonus credits over time.  1614  shows three saving methods. The top layer of  1614  corresponds to a situation where no bonus state may be saved off the game. There are no vouchers or back end database used for saving bonus points. In this case, if a player stops playing before they have won a bonus play or game, the next player to use the machine may continue to build the bonus credits. In the preferred embodiment, bonus credits of this type will always be aged or expire after a certain time period. The method used may be extremely simple, such as clearing all bonus credits once a day at, say, 5 AM. Another method provides for individually won bonus points to be aged for a designated amount of time before expiring, resulting in gradually increasing and decreasing totals as bonus points are won by players over time. Such aging policies are at the discretion of the casino, but are all done with the intent of enticing further game play by players. 
     The second layer shown in  1614  corresponds to a player who, having the choice to save bonus points, chooses not to and leaves them for the next player. This situation may readily arise in several ways, including the occasional visitor to a casino who would prefer to leave the bonus points for another player to use, rather than simply let the bonus expire before the player will return to the casino. 
     The third layer of  1614  is expected to be the most frequently used. This corresponds to a player storing, in some manner, the bonus points before stopping play. If the casino is a smaller casino and uses vouchers exclusively, then the player uses a bonus-out or cash-out button to have the machine issue a voucher with the bonus points thereon (the gaming machine will now read 0 bonus points). Other casinos may provide a choice, enabling a player to use a voucher or to store their bonus points on a back end database. A player may or may not associate the bonus points with a player ID of some kind. If no player ID is used, the gaming machine will issue a voucher having a unique identifier on it, allowing the player to retrieve their bonus points by inserting the voucher into a gaming machine which used the unique identifier to retrieve associated bonus points from a database. If a player uses a player ID of some kind, the additional information needed for the bonus points may be kept in additional fields in a record containing the player&#39;s information, or the player ID entry in a database may simply point to another record containing the associated bonus point information. 
     As will be readily apparent, the bonus points just described are an additional form of game state, and may be stored on a GBI (in one preferred embodiment, a GBI in the form of a voucher having human readable indicia thereon as well as machine readable indicia). The discussions above pertaining to apparatus, uses, forms, and methods for game state and GBIs apply fully and completely to bonus points as a form of game state. GBIs may have variable bonus point values, or bonus points, on individual GBIs, as well as other game state data. Further, GBIs and GBIs in the form of vouchers having bonus point indicia readable by a player may further have any and all associated bonus point data included directly thereon, or may use the indicia to retrieve bonus point data from a database (this will typically be a pointer). Any data related to bonus points, collectively called bonus point data, includes but is not limited to numbers of bonus points at each level and an expiration date, creation time/date, or other date and time data needed to determine age associated with each bonus point or group of bonus points. 
     “Game indicia” is used to mean whatever form a payline or pay-out event might take in any particular game where the results displayed are based at least partially on a random event, which includes all well-known games using chance such as reel games with various symbols on the reel that make up paylines, keno-like with matching numbers in a pattern, poker-like games with certain card combinations, and the like, creating a payline or pay-out event in a primary game. 
     “Bonus play,” “bonus games,” or “secondary games” are used to mean any non-primary game, in the same gaming cabinet or not, where to be eligible to play or to invoke play, a player must first play a primary game whose results are based at least partially on a random event, and where the player becomes eligible to invoke or play at least one non-primary game based upon the results of one or more plays of one or more primary games. Thus, at a minimum, a player must play at least one primary game once and, as a result of playing, get a game event having game indicia which, when used with the games paytable, results in the player being enabled to play a non-primary game or game play. 
     Bonus points are won during game play upon the occurrence of designated game events (i.e., are added to a traditional game paytable), and as they are only redeemable for bonus plays on a bonus game either co-located in the gaming machine or separate from it, a player must continue to collect bonus points until they have enough to trigger a bonus event. The player need not trigger the bonus event on any particular gaming machine; if a player chooses, they may trade-in stored bonus credits at a kiosk to enable play at a secondary game separate from a primary game. 
     When considering bonus points, it needs to be kept in mind that bonus points provide an alternative way for a player to get to a bonus round during game play. The traditional way of getting to any of the bonus rounds is still present. A bonus round includes all variations, from a single secondary game play event to the playing of an entire secondary game of some kind with a plurality of individual plays being involved. The traditional method is the occurrence of a primary game event where the primary game indicia correspond to a paytable entry that puts the player into a bonus round. 
     The traditional method of winning bonus rounds will always be available; it is the availability of the traditionally invoked bonus round that makes the bonus points attractive to a player. A player sees that ordinarily the bonus round is entered only rarely (or, not frequently enough for the player&#39;s personal enjoyment). It is in the desire to reach the somewhat elusive bonus round, previously only attainable through a small set of relatively rare game events that makes bonus points attractive. It allows a player two ways of getting to a bonus round—the traditional way, with a direct win, and the gradual way, by collecting bonus points. Thus, bonus points provide a totally new path to a desirable game result: the invocation of a bonus round. The new path is unique, not the bonus round itself (although game implementers may well make use of the disclosed embodiments and increase the number of secondary or bonus games available to players). 
     As used in the present disclosure, therefore, “bonus points” further includes the concept of creating a totally new path, usable by a player, to an existing reward or result, or to a reward or result also attainable via the occurrence of a game event corresponding to a paytable entry that provides for a direct win of the same reward or result. Put differently, bonus points lead to a result that is also attainable directly from an entry in the gaming machine&#39;s paytables. It is the frequency of the two occurrences that differs greatly. The direct win of the bonus round occurs rarely; the winning of bonus points occurs regularly. 
       FIG. 17  illustrates gaming machines having multi-level secondary games, and further illustrates gaming machines enabling the use of bonus points at the same level but having differing secondary games. Game machine  1700  has three secondary games. Game  1702  is an L-2 game, involving a combination of skill and chance to win a middle-level bonus. It is played as described in  FIG. 13 . It further has a bonus point indicator  1704 . Bonus point indicator  1704  shows the total number of bonus points applicable to this secondary game at any time. Bonus game  1706 , played as described in  FIG. 12 , is an L-3 bonus game having the highest possible payout of the three. It has bonus point indicator  1708 , which shows the number of bonus points applicable to that bonus game at any time. 
     Gaming machine  1700  further has a third bonus game  1710 , an L-1 game having the lowest payouts. Shown is a simple wheel game, which upon being invoked pays out the amount closest to the large black arrow when movement stops. It also has a bonus point indicator  1712 , which shows the total number of bonus points applicable to this level at any given time. 
     The three bonus point indicators will typically have different values in them as time progresses, and as different players either load in bonus points or use or store bonus points from the gaming machine. 
     Gaming machine  1700  (and  1724 ) further contain the normal components, internal and external, of gaming machines including a processor, memory, electrical connections, and input/output interfaces operably connected. Gaming device  1700  has a standard primary game with indicia window shown as  1716 . The primary game may be any of the well-known reel games, poker games, keno, bingo, fixed-pool games, etc. There is a panel of player buttons, shown between buttons  1718  and  1722 , used for the primary game. Any layout and interface may be used, from a fixed number of physical buttons to a dynamic layout of touchscreen buttons. Also included is an output slot  1720  and an input slot  1714 . Input slot  1714  accepts ID cards, ID vouchers, smart cards, game state vouchers, or any other means used to present gaming device  1700  with credits, states, or ID. If presented with ID, gaming device  1700  must be in operable communication with a back-end database (not shown), typically over a LAN (not shown). The communications means is used to retrieve bonus point data associated with the presented ID. 
     Gaming machine  1724  has a single secondary or bonus game, based on a standard pachinko game. Ball  1726  is released from its perch and, bouncing amongst pins  1728 , comes to rest in one of the slots along the bottom of the chute. Each slot will have an amount associated it, preferably determined dynamically. It is labeled as an L-1 game, meaning that a player may take bonus points won on gaming machine  1700  and use them (when enough are accumulated) to invoke play of the secondary pachinko game in gaming machine  1724 . Thus, a player may enjoy the choice of any number of different L-1 bonus games when used with the bonus points they have accumulated. 
       FIG. 18  illustrates game play when using non-savable bonus points. It is expected that this embodiment will be used in very small casinos, bingo halls, and similar place where there is no networking infrastructure, or perhaps no capability for a back end database, and further having no general voucher capabilities (small establishments often having pay out slips only). 
     There are two places a player may start, depending on the state of the gaming machine. One is block  1800  where there are no pre-existing bonus points, and the other is block  1808  where there are pre-existing bonus points, indicated by the bold “S”. Beginning the description at block  1800 , a player begins game play on a gaming machine enabled for bonus points and further having no bonus points on it. Continuing into block  1802 , the game is played until a game event creates a bonus point award comprising at least one bonus point. Proceeding to block  1804 , the game state is changed to reflect the newly won bonus points. In a preferred embodiment, a bonus point indicator as shown in  FIG. 17  will show an increment in point value corresponding to the level (if there is more than one) and amount of bonus points just won. Next, block  1806  is entered. 
     Block  1806  corresponds to the actions needed to age the bonus points just won. This may be very simple or somewhat complex. A simple embodiment simply clears all bonus points at a predetermined time each day. In that case, nothing needs to be done in associating any time stamp data with the bonus points just won. In an alternative embodiment, bonus points will be aged for 24 hours from the date and time of the win, at which point they will expire and be removed from the current state of bonus points on the game (for each level, if more than level exists). A time stamp will then be kept with the bonus points just won in order to calculate how long the bonus points have been in existence. 
     Alternatively, a second or minute counter could be used, where aging is then determined by a simple compare of a fixed value with the current value of the counter. Any method or system for aging bonus points may be used and implemented; discussed are only representative examples. For each method used, there will be some type of time stamp, counter, or other information kept that will allow the age of the bonus points to be determined. Whatever form it takes, it will be called age data. Block  1806  is left and block  1810  entered. 
     The actions corresponding to block  1810  are a player continuing to use the gaming machine, with the game again awarding bonus points upon the event of a designated (in the paytable) game event. An aging counter is starting for these newly awarded bonus points. Note that the expression “aging counter” includes any form of date or time checking, from the most primitive (clearing all bonus points once a day) to the most complex, where bonus points are aged gradually, and may not refer to a literal counter. Whatever form bonus point aging takes, needed corresponding action is taken, if any. Block  1810  is left and diamond  1812  is entered. 
     The decision corresponding to diamond  1812  is to check and see if the points value at the level just awarded results in a bonus game or bonus play. Note that it will be possible, due to ability to win more than one bonus point, to have enough bonus points to invoke a bonus and have bonus points still left. If there enough bonus points to invoke bonus play, then the “YES” exit is taken to block  1814 . The actions corresponding to block  1814  are to play the bonus game or bonus round. After completion of the bonus round, block  1814  is left and diamond  1816  is entered. The decision corresponding to diamond  1816  is to determine if there are any bonus points left. If there are, the “YES” exit is taken and block  1808  is re-entered. 
     If, at diamond  1816  there are no further bonus points, then the “NO” exit is taken and block  1800  is re-entered, with the sequence continuing as described above. 
     Returning to diamond  1812 , if the addition of the newly won bonus points does not trigger a bonus play or bonus game, then the “NO” exit is taken, reentering block  1808  and proceeding to take the corresponding action as discussed above. 
     Finally, returning to block  1806 , a dotted line connection is shown to from block  1806  to block  1820  as well as a solid line connection to block  1810 . This represents the fact that blocks  1820 ,  1822 ,  1824 , and  1826  are a sequence that gets triggered by the actions corresponding to the first pass through of block  1806 , but run independently thereafter. Thus, at the first pass through block  1806 , the actions corresponding to block  1820  start. The actions corresponding to block  1820  are to begin the implemented age check of bonus points. 
     As discussed above, the actual implementation may take many forms, but varies form a simple periodic resetting of all outstanding bonus points to zero, to checking, at a time increment set by the casino, the outstanding bonus points and either deleting or reducing any beyond a certain age. In the latter case, one example might be to check ages every ′/2 hour, with any bonus point award or individual win (which will often be more than a single bonus point) more than 6 hours old being reduced by a specified number of bonus points, until reduced to zero. The reduction amount may be a percentage, or may be a fixed number such as 2. Clearly no remainders will be allowed, so point aging will use an algorithm that rounds to the nearest whole number of bonus points. 
     Block  1820  is left and block  1822  entered. The action corresponding to block  1822  is commencing the age check of all outstanding bonus points at a predetermined interval (in the example above, upon the occurrence of every half hour). The process starts, checking each bonus point unit (bonus points awarded due to the same win) for its date and time of origin (when it was awarded) against the present date and time, calculating its age thereby. If the bonus point unit is not aged, the “NO” exit is taken and block  1822  is re-entered for that unit. If the answer is yes, the “YES” exit is taken to block  1826 , where that bonus point unit is reduced by the value specified in the algorithm used by the casino. After the bonus points are reduced in value, a corresponding change is made to the bonus point values visible to a player. Block  1826  is left and block  1822  is re-entered, relative to that bonus point unit. After all bonus point units have checked (that is, each bonus point unit has gone through  1824  and back to  1822  or gone through  1824 ,  1826 , then back to  1822 ) the process waits in block  1822  until the next specified time period occurs, then repeats. 
     Not addressed is the possible interaction between aging bonus points and active game use. Clearly, bonus points cannot be reduced while a game event is in the process of being produced (the time between a “start” button push or handle pull by a player and the play results); such game play is considered an atomic action, which once started runs to completion before any bonus point aging is carried out. Further, the bonus point aging will typically be very, very quick from a player&#39;s viewpoint (less than second), so may also be considered an atomic (uninterruptible) process once started. Thus, upon the occurrence of the time trigger in block  1822  to commence bonus point aging, if the game is in play the process waits until the present play is completed and any payouts, etc., determined. The aging process then runs, with appropriate warnings on the playing screen (such as: “Play more! Look at the bonus points being lost through age!”). As will be readily apparent to one of normal skill in the game development art and with the benefit of the present disclosure, any number of readily implementable ways of handling the aforementioned process coordination are available. 
       FIG. 19  shows a method of using bonus points that are savable. The process may start at either block  1900  or block  1912 , indicated by the bold “S” in each block. Starting the description at block  1900 , game play commences at a gaming machine enabled for bonus point awards or winning events and having no pre-existing bonus points. Proceeding to block  1902 , the action is the awarding or winning of bonus points upon the occurrence of a game event having indicia corresponding to bonus point(s) win(s) in the gaming machine&#39;s paytable. Continuing on to block  1904 , the game state is changed to reflect the bonus points just won. This will typically be both internal (memory change) and external (updating a display visible to a user). Entering block  1906 , a time stamp or counter of some kind is associated with the bonus point unit just awarded or won. Note that in the simplest case of clearing bonus points at a fixed periodic time, this may not be needed. Block  1906  is left and diamond  1908  entered. 
     The answer corresponding to diamond  1908  is to determine if the player wants to issue or save the just won bonus points. If the player saves or issues the bonus points, the bonus points would not be available to increment the counters on the game, being usable by the player at a later time. If the player does chose to reserve the bonus points for later use, the “YES” exit is taken to block  1910 . The action corresponding to block  1910  is to save or issue the bonus points in a manner (i) enabled on the current gaming machine and (ii) chosen by the player. They may be saved on a back end database, on a voucher/GBI, on a mag stripe card, etc. Whatever form it takes, the bonus points are made available for later use by player and not current use. Block  1910  is left and the process repeats, starting at block  1900 . 
     If, at diamond  1908 , the player decides to make use of the bonus now, the “NO” exit is taken to block  1914 . The action corresponding to block  1914  is that game play commences on a gaming machine with some bonus points already part of the game state of the machine. Typically this will be displayed for the player on a visible display, as well as being kept internally. Block  1914  is left for block  1916 , where, during continuing play, a game play event occurs which corresponding to a bonus point win in the gaming machines paytable. The bonus point(s) is or are awarded and, continuing into block  1918 , the internal game state is changed to reflect the new values of the bonus points (including changes to one level of game points, if multi-level bonus points are in use). Further, flowing into block  1920 , time and date information, a counter, or some means usable for determining age is associated with the just won bonus point unit (comprised of one or more bonus points). Block  1920  is left and diamond  1922  is entered. 
     The question to be answered in diamond  1922  is to determine of the newly awarded bonus points triggers (due to total numbers) a bonus game or bonus play. If it does not, then the “NO” exit is taken to diamond  1908 , where, as described above, the player is asked if the wish is to leave the bonus points in the current game state. If the answer at diamond  1922  is “YES”, then the “YES” exit is taken to block  1924 . Actions corresponding to block  1924  include enabling bonus game or bonus play, and resetting the overall count of the bonus points accordingly (the points reduced by the correct amount and if levels are being used, at the correct level). Note that “enabling” a bonus game or bonus play may or may not require a player to make use of the bonus game at that time, depending on the game setup. For example, enabling may comprise allowing a player to enter a secondary game kiosk and play an entirely different game at a different location. Or, it may simply trigger one of the available bonus games implemented in the same physical box as the primary game. In all cases, after enablement and in some cases playing a bonus round, block  1924  is left for block  1926 . Block  1926  is really a “paper hyper link”, propelling the process to either block  1900  or block  1912 , depending on the current bonus point state. 
     Note that a player may start interacting with a gaming machine at block  1912  by first retrieving bonus points available to the player. This may take any of the forms discussed above, including but not limited to voucher/GBI, a player ID which the gaming machine uses to retrieve associated bonus point data from a database connected by a network to the gaming machine, etc. After initial loading of bonus point data, the process continues into block  1914  as described above. 
     Note that the process described in  FIG. 19  is especially amenable to changes in order and processing steps, and will depend on the casino. For example, one casino may decide to have block  1920  lead to diamond  1908 , and allow a player to save bonus points even though there are now enough bonus points to invoke or enable a bonus game. Many other such variations will be readily apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art who has the benefit of the present disclosure. 
     Although presented in the context of a single casino, the present system lends itself to multi-establishment implementations amongst cooperating entities. This may be accomplished by simply sharing bonus point data between establishments, based on a common unique ID held by the user, or alternatively established for this player by the casinos. Clearly some form of cross-compensation for the value of bonus points would be agreed to between cooperating entities, but this would enable players to use the same bonus points at similar gaming machines across multiple establishments. 
     The game state manager also has the ability to properly handle bonus points, which are much simpler than other game state management tasks such as managing secondary bonus game play states. If a casino has only bonus points and no other savable game state, then the game state manager becomes a bonus point manager, having the tasks of: keeping tallies and aging information about bonus points as they are won by a player; or, converting forms of bonus points as specified by a player in the event the casino has multi-level bonus games and further allows transfer of bonus points between layers (not all casinos will chose to allow this). Such conversions may be made at a GBI service station or on individual gaming machines. If a gaming machine is used, a player invokes a screen having a set of pre-defined choices for converting what the player has into other forms, including the enablement of a bonus game at a location (gaming machine of game kiosk) that is different from the presently used gaming machine. 
     And as always, if a player is confused they may use a customer service counter, interacting with a human who can explain options to them. 
     The disclosed embodiments have been partially described using flow charts. As will be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art and with the benefit of the present disclosure, steps described in the flow charts can vary as to order, content, allocation of resources between steps, times repeated, and similar variations while staying fully within the inventive concepts disclosed herein. 
     Accordingly, it will be seen that the disclosed embodiments provide a system and method for awarding and maintaining a player&#39;s bonus credits, which are one form of game states, usable to enable a secondary or bonus game and further to enable clustering or grouping of bonus games or secondary games into levels or groups, each with their won bonus credits. The savable game states may be saved on a game state voucher or any other media-based implementation or may be saved in strictly softcopy (electronic or other means) form. Any savable game state, in whatever form it is stored, comprises savable game state. The saving of game states provides for the promotion of continued play in a gaming environment. 
     A player may restore bonus credits and/or other game state from previously played games when the currently gaming device matches the level or type of stored bonus credits. This will be managed by the game state manager. For example, saving bonus point state from one game results in a voucher (or other instrument, or data in a database) that may then be re-inserted and used in any game where the game and wagering amount encompass the same bonus point unit as held on the voucher or other transportable media. 
     Although the description above contains much specificity, the description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosed embodiments but as merely providing an illustration of the presently preferred embodiments. The scope of this invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.