Patent Publication Number: US-2015088564-A1

Title: Engine, system and method of providing cloud-based business valuation and associated services

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/310,323, FILED Jun. 6, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/312,426, filed Dec. 6, 2011, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/547,182, filed Oct. 14, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/493,647, filed Jun. 6, 2011; and is also a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/308,624, filed Dec. 1, 2011, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/308,701, both of which claim priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/493,647, filed Jun. 6, 2011, the entireties of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to the financial aspects associated with a business, and, more particularly, to an engine, system and method of providing cloud-based business valuation and associated services. 
     2. Background of the Invention 
     There are over 30 million small businesses in the U.S., and over 200 million small businesses globally. These small businesses may be severely limited by a lack of knowledge regarding their respective businesses and the assets thereof. Over 85% of the small businesses that ultimately request a valuation to address these limitations do so in an effort to buy or sell a business, or to obtain financing and/or investment. Moreover, as the availability of investment monies, business loans and government grants has decreased due to a worsening in the economy, an ability to assess and reasonably present a valid valuation to the sources of such monies, grants and loans has become an absolute necessity. 
     This limitation on small businesses may create a ripple effect that affects other businesses. For example, retail banking entities may have difficulty increasing the numbers of or performance of small business loans; accountants may have difficulty servicing small businesses and deriving revenue therefrom; government grant issuers may have difficulty assessing the quality of prospective grant recipients; insurance agents and financial advisors may have difficulty explaining or assessing proper service levels for owners or principals of small businesses; large businesses may have difficulty assessing target acquisitions or quality partners; and legal professionals and similar service providers may have difficulty assessing quality clientele on which to focus services. As such, there exists an urgent need to generate leads and/or guidance for financiers, business brokers, service providers, service agents, and the like. 
     Web 2.0 applications are those applications that facilitate interactive information sharing, interoperability, collaboration, and ease of use for offerings on the World Wide Web (WWW, also referred to as the Internet or a network). Web 2.0 thus provides an environment in which may be addressed the aforementioned chilling effect of the lack of understanding of, in particular, small business valuation on the transaction flow across the afore-discussed business parties. However, to date, web 2.0 technology has not been provided that addresses this lack of understanding in a uniform, easy-to-use manner, and that thereby remedies the chilling effect that this lack of understanding has on transaction flow. 
     Thus, there exists a need for an engine, system and method that provides an easy-to-use, highly valid, cloud-based business valuation, and that additionally provides relevant services typically associated therewith. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention includes at least a computer-implemented engine, system and method for generating business valuations, scoring, and/or flagging over a network, responsively to information input by a user remote from the engine, system and method. The present invention may include a graphical user interface capable of locally querying a user to input the company information, which may comprise at least general company information, company financial information, and company presence information. 
     The engine, system and method may additionally include at least one network port capable of remotely receiving the company information from the graphical user interface. The invention may further include at least one engine communicatively connected to the at least one network port, which engine preferably includes a plurality of rules to generate, responsively to the input company information, at least one of a business valuation, a business score, and/or one or more business flags to be used as indicators in a network marketplace, for the company associated with the inputted company information. 
     Thus, the present invention provides an engine, system and method that provides an easy-to-use, highly valid, cloud-based business valuation, and the relevant services typically associated therewith. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as discussed hereinthroughout. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosed embodiments. In the drawings, like numerals represent like elements, and: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 13  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 15  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 16  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 17  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 18  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 19  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 20  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 21  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 22  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 23  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 24  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 25  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 26  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 27  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 28  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 29  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 30  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 31  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 32  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 33  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 34  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 35  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 36  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 37  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 38  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 39  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure; and 
         FIG. 40  illustrates an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Computer-implemented platforms, engines, systems and methods of use are disclosed that provide networked access to a plurality of types of digital content, including but not limited to video, audio, metadata, interactive and document content, and that track, deliver manipulate, transform and report the accessed content. Described embodiments of these platforms, engines, systems and methods are intended to be exemplary and not limiting. As such, it is contemplated that the herein described systems and methods can be adapted to provide many types of cloud-based valuations, scoring, marketplaces, and the like, and can be extended to provide enhancements and/or additions to the exemplary platforms, engines, systems and methods described. The invention is thus intended to include all such extensions. Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary and illustrative embodiments of the present invention. 
       FIG. 1  depicts an exemplary computing system  100  for use in accordance with herein described system and methods. Computing system  100  is capable of executing software, such as an operating system (OS) and a variety of computing applications  190 . The operation of exemplary computing system  100  is controlled primarily by computer readable instructions, such as instructions stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as hard disk drive (HDD)  115 , optical disk (not shown) such as a CD or DVD, solid state drive (not shown) such as a USB “thumb drive,” or the like. Such instructions may be executed within central processing unit (CPU)  110  to cause computing system  100  to perform operations. In many known computer servers, workstations, personal computers, and the like, CPU  110  is implemented in an integrated circuit called a processor. 
     It is appreciated that, although exemplary computing system  100  is shown to comprise a single CPU  110 , such description is merely illustrative as computing system  100  may comprise a plurality of CPUs  110 . Additionally, computing system  100  may exploit the resources of remote CPUs (not shown), for example, through communications network  170  or some other data communications means. 
     In operation, CPU  110  fetches, decodes, and executes instructions from a computer readable storage medium such as HDD  115 . Such instructions can be included in software such as an operating system (OS), executable programs, and the like. Information, such as computer instructions and other computer readable data, is transferred between components of computing system  100  via the system&#39;s main data-transfer path. The main data-transfer path may use a system bus architecture  105 , although other computer architectures (not shown) can be used, such as architectures using serializers and deserializers and crossbar switches to communicate data between devices over serial communication paths. System bus  105  can include data lines for sending data, address lines for sending addresses, and control lines for sending interrupts and for operating the system bus. Some busses provide bus arbitration that regulates access to the bus by extension cards, controllers, and CPU  110 . Devices that attach to the busses and arbitrate access to the bus are called bus masters. Bus master support also allows multiprocessor configurations of the busses to be created by the addition of bus master adapters containing processors and support chips. 
     Memory devices coupled to system bus  105  can include random access memory (RAM)  125  and read only memory (ROM)  130 . Such memories include circuitry that allows information to be stored and retrieved. ROMs  130  generally contain stored data that cannot be modified. Data stored in RAM  125  can be read or changed by CPU  110  or other hardware devices. Access to RAM  125  and/or ROM  130  may be controlled by memory controller  120 . Memory controller  120  may provide an address translation function that translates virtual addresses into physical addresses as instructions are executed. Memory controller  120  may also provide a memory protection function that isolates processes within the system and isolates system processes from user processes. Thus, a program running in user mode can normally access only memory mapped by its own process virtual address space; it cannot access memory within another process&#39; virtual address space unless memory sharing between the processes has been set up. 
     In addition, computing system  100  may contain peripheral controller  135  responsible for communicating instructions using a peripheral bus from CPU  110  to peripherals, such as printer  140 , keyboard  145 , and mouse  150 . An example of a peripheral bus is the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus. 
     Display  160 , which is controlled by display controller  155 , can be used to display visual output and/or presentation generated by or at the request of computing system  100 . Such visual output may include text, graphics, animated graphics, and/or video, for example. Display  160  may be implemented with a CRT-based video display, an LCD-based flat-panel display, gas plasma-based flat-panel display, touch-panel, or the like. Display controller  155  includes electronic components required to generate a video signal that is sent to display  160 . 
     Further, computing system  100  may contain network adapter  165  which may be used to couple computing system  100  to an external communication network  170 , which may include or provide access to the Internet. Communications network  170  may provide user access for computing system  100  with means of communicating and transferring software and information electronically. Additionally, communications network  170  may provide for distributed processing, which involves several computers and the sharing of workloads or cooperative efforts in performing a task. It is appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing communications links between computing system  100  and remote users may be used. 
     It is appreciated that exemplary computing system  100  is merely illustrative of a computing environment in which the herein described systems and methods may operate and does not limit the implementation of the herein described systems and methods in computing environments having differing components and configurations, as the inventive concepts described herein may be implemented in various computing environments using various components and configurations. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , computing system  100  can be deployed in networked computing environment  200 . In general, the above description for computing system  100  applies to server, client, and peer computers deployed in a networked environment, for example, server  205 , laptop computer  210 , and desktop computer  230 .  FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary illustrative networked computing environment  200 , with a server in communication with client computing and/or communicating devices via a communications network, in which the herein described apparatus and methods may be employed. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , server  205  may be interconnected via a communications network  240  (which may include any of, or any combination of, a fixed-wire or wireless LAN, WAN, intranet, extranet, peer-to-peer network, virtual private network, the Internet, or other communications network such as POTS, ISDN, VoIP, PSTN, etc.) with a number of client computing/communication devices such as laptop computer  210 , wireless mobile telephone  215 , wired telephone  220 , personal digital assistant  225 , user desktop computer  230 , and/or other communication enabled devices (not shown). Server  205  can comprise dedicated servers operable to process and communicate data such as digital content  250  to and from client devices  210 ,  215 ,  220 ,  225 ,  230 , etc. using any of a number of known protocols, such as hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), file transfer protocol (FTP), simple object access protocol (SOAP), wireless application protocol (WAP), or the like. Additionally, networked computing environment  200  can utilize various data security protocols such as secured socket layer (SSL), pretty good privacy (PGP), virtual private network (VPN) security, or the like. Each client device  210 ,  215 ,  220 ,  225 ,  230 , etc. can be equipped with an operating system operable to support one or more computing and/or communication applications, such as a web browser (not shown), email (not shown), or the like, to interact with server  205 . 
     The present invention is a web 2.0 online, thin client service that provides cloud-based business valuations and associated services, and that may additionally provide intellectual property and prospective business valuations and associated services. The present invention includes a networked engine, system and method that may provide the valuations, and that may additionally provide the equivalent of a FICO credit score for business, flagging to provide a marketplace for business seeking investors and acquirers, and various other services. 
     The present invention may preferably provide a simple process with a limited number of interactive steps posing queries to a requesting user, such as between 3 and 7 steps, preferably 7 steps, or between 3 and 10 steps, for example. The steps are designed to use basic, yet key factors known or readily available to the requesting user, as input to the rules engine of the present invention. Key factors may or may not incorporate networked and/or third party information as additional input, to provide a multi-tiered, highly valid estimate of business value. This valuation may be, for example, for a prospective business or prospective line of business, for a current business or current line of business, and/or for the intellectual property of a business as that intellectual property contributes to business value. 
     In a preferred embodiment, an electronic and/or written valuation report may be provided to a user as output from the engine, and responsive to the inputs to the engine. Such a report may be provided via thin client, thick client, mobile app, widget, or the like, and is preferably provided as software as a service (SaaS), by way of non-limiting example. As such, the presentation of the present invention provided to a requesting user, as discussed further herein, may likewise be provided as a thin-client, a thick client app, an app, a mobile app, a widget, or the like. 
     A report according to the present invention may preferably set forth the value estimates, and in addition may set forth detailed support for the value estimates, and as such the report may be an abbreviated report of valuation, or a detailed report of valuation. As referenced above, such value estimates may be multi-tiered, preferably incorporate at least the information entered at the aforementioned steps, and may additionally incorporate networked, locally stored, and/or third party information. 
     The present invention may focus on small to midsize businesses for the valuation and associated services discussed herein, as such an area has the greatest need for the services provided by the present invention. However, the present invention may additionally have applicability for all parties in a transactional flow, such as larger businesses, wherein the larger businesses may or may not be seeking to acquire the valued-smaller business, and such as those offering loans, grants, and services, such as insurance, accounting or legal services. As such, all parties in a business-related transactional flow may benefit from the convenience, speed, accuracy, validity, and low cost of valuations and associated services provided by the rules engine of the present invention responsive to the requesting user and/or third-party information inputs. 
     The easy-to-use, thin client user interface (UI) provided by the presentation layer of the present invention may provide, for example, an optimized interface that may not only increase convenience, speed, accuracy, validity and cost-effectiveness of valuations, but that may additionally enhance conversion rates, increase visitor-ship, and increase search rankings. Further, an optimized UI may provide advertisements that may be targeted based on, for example, stored/tracked profile information and/or information entered responsive to the aforementioned query steps. More highly targeted ads are, of course, increasingly valuable as the targeted audience may be narrowed. 
     Yet further, tools/apps may be provided in a thin client interface, such as from engine  302  via the presentation layer as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , to enhance visitorship and time spent on the site, which may further enhance advertising revenues. By way of non-limiting example,  FIG. 3  illustrates a number of tools/apps that may be thus provided. Such tools may include, for example, legal or accounting services, marketing assistance, capital management, staffing or payroll management, and/or accounting and finance. 
     The engine, system and method discussed hereinthroughout may be provided, by way of non-limiting example, by the exemplary system  300  infrastructure illustrated in  FIG. 4 . In the illustrated embodiment, the system  300  may include an engine  302  for performing the aspects discussed herein, shown as resident in the business knowledge layer  303 . The engine  302  may be comprised of computing software that executes a set of rules that function to generate the aspects discussed herein, and hardware necessary to execute such computing functions as discussed above with respect to  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
     Engine  302  may, for example, gather inputs from various sources, most preferably including at least the inputs received from the requesting user responsive to the aforementioned steps, such as the 3 to 10 steps, or more preferably 7 steps, discussed hereinthroughout, to thereby transform the inputs into valuations and associated services as discussed. By way of non-limiting example,  FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary flow of a 3 step query process according to the present invention.  FIG. 6  illustrates an exemplary flow of a 7 step process according to the present invention. 
     The engine  302  may be, in a preferred embodiment, a rules engine embedded in the business knowledge layer  303 . Typically, a rules engine  302  is defined to include a software component that readily allows for the addition of or changes to business logic in a process management system. A business rule is a computing statement that uses business logic to describe a policy, procedure or calculation. Business logic describes the sequence of operations that may be associated with data in a database to carry out the applicable business rule. 
     A rules engine generally separates execution code for the rules from the rest of process management. Thus, when a change is made to a rule or rules, the rules engine may evaluate the change&#39;s effect on other rules and flag any conflict without effecting the remainder of the processes. A rules engine may include a rule repository, such as a database, for storing the rules, a rule editor, such as a user interface, that allows users to define, design, document and edit the rules, a reporting component that allows users to query and report existing rules, and a rules engine execution core, which is comprised of the programming code that enforces the rules. 
     Function calls for engine  302  may be made to the AJAX stack  304   a, b , which may be provided server side for local engine  302  calls and client side for remote calls, as illustrated. Client side presentation may be made via the presentation layer  306 , as illustrated, and client-side information may be requested and received thereby. The data layer  308  may receive various data feeds, and may store additional data, wherein such data may be received from the network, such as from the Internet cloud. Such data may be gained, for example, via directed search, spider or crawl search, data streaming, or the like. Such data may include, by way of non-limiting example, third party reporting (such as Dunn &amp; Bradstreet, by way of non-limiting example), searching for positive or negative references to the entity being valuated, industry specific information, intellectual property information, taxation or public financial information, or the like. 
     Data in data layer  308  may additionally include, for example, a repository of educational information for requesting users, such as information regarding taking on investment for requesting users that indicate the requested valuation is made because investment is sought. For example, electronic guides may thus be provided and stored as system data, such as guides regarding buying and selling businesses, obtaining loans, grants, and investment, writing a business plan or investor presentation, or the like. 
     Likewise, industry intelligence may be accumulated at block  310 . Such industry intelligence may be gained via the cloud, and additionally may be gained by the engine  302  based on the repeated running of valuations by engine  302 . Industry intelligence may include monitoring of a website provided via the presentation layer  306 . Such monitoring may include, for example, traffic monitoring, user feedback, and the like, and may additionally include, such as via the third party application interface  311  reached from engine  302 , the use of third party monitoring, such as Google Analytics, Kampyle, Bizo, Clicktale, and the like. Industry intelligence may be accumulated by, for example, industry sector or customer type (i.e., licensee, individual, etc.). 
     Information may be provided to the API  314 , for ultimate use by engine  302 , by any of a variety of feeds, such as via the cloud. Therefore, information may be gained from a third party, such as via a search or the like. Information may further pass, for example, from third party applications (such as may be provided by credit agencies, Dunn &amp; Bradstreet, governmental agencies, or the like) through the API  314  to the engine  302 . 
     Key elements provided by engine  302  in the business knowledge layer may include the services  320  provided via application of the valuation criteria  322 . The services  320  may include, for example, straight valuation based on the criteria  322  as applied to the information provided via the data layer  308 , via third party applications and API  314 , via industry intelligence  310  and via client-side  306 . Services  320  may further include flagging, as discussed hereinbelow, to indicate a prospective investor, or other small business or large business statuses, for example, for indication to the business knowledge layer comprising engine  302 . Yet further, services  320  may include a financial health or similar scoring, as also discussed hereinbelow, such as may be calculated pursuant to criteria  322  based on at least entered data, such as those data used to calculate the valuation service as referenced above. 
     The valuation service  322  may include, for example, the provision of a valuation report using only minimal information provided by the requesting user. Such a valuation report may additionally be generated using access to outside/third party information and databases. Further, the system  300  may allow for the use of the databases at the data layer  308  to securely store, and reproduce upon request, all valuations and/or scores generated. Thereby, valuation reports may be modified and/or updated, and such modification may occur periodically. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the requesting user may receive a recommendation, such as via presentation layer  306 , to return periodically to update a valuation, and/or to receive a modified valuation responsive to, for example, a change in the circumstances of the requesting business, or a change in a respective industry as indicated by the external information originally used in the initial valuation. By way of non-limiting example, a significant paradigm shift, such as the recent proliferation of tablet computers, might cause all parties that had requested valuations and that fall in verticals associated with tablet computers to receive an invitation to revisit an earlier valuation. 
     In an exemplary embodiment of a simple valuation in accordance with valuation service  322 , engine  302  may perform numerous steps to arrive at the simple valuation. The engine may calculate a function for the year-weighted average of certain variables for which a value is collected for three years, such as revenue, pretax income, inventory and the like. This function is herein denoted as w(y1, y2, y3), where y1 is the value of the subject variable for the most recent year (i.e. 2010), y2 is the value for the previous year (i.e. 2009), and y3 is the value for the year before that (i.e. 2008). The function w(y1, y2, y3) may be calculated as follows: 
     If variable y1 (recent year) is not provided, then the average is 0.
         Else, if y1 is provided then:
           If y1 is the only provided year, (and y2 and y3 are not provided), then average is y1 itself;   
           Else, if y1 and y2 are provided (and y3 is not), the average is:
           (y1×0.7)+(y2×0.3);   
           Else, if y1 and y3 are provided (and y2 is not), the average is:
           (y1×0.7)+(y3×0.3);   
           And finally, if y1, y2 and y3 are provided, the average is:
           (y1×0.5)+(y2×0.33)+(y3×0.17).   
               

     The function w(var) is used to denote the year-weighted average function for the subject variable, var, over the three years—that is, w(inventory) is equivalent to w(inventoryY1, inventoryY2, inventoryY3). 
     The engine  302  may calculate a valuation multiplier as dependent on an industryMultiplier and a growthMultiplier. The industryMultiplier may be looked up externally by engine  302 , such as by NAICS code. The growthMultiplier may be looked up by revenueGrowth and ebitdaMargin, such as by using a table similar to the example illustrated in Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Long Term EBITDA Margin 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 5% 
                 10% 
                 15% 
                 20% 
                 25% 
                 30% 
                 35% 
                 40% 
                 45% 
                 50% 
                 55% 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Projected 
                 5% 
                 0.3 
                 0.7 
                 1 
                 1.3 
                 1.6 
                 2 
                 2.3 
                 2.6 
                 2.9 
                 3.3 
                 3.6 
               
               
                 Revenue 
                 10% 
                 0.4 
                 0.8 
                 1.2 
                 1.6 
                 2 
                 2.4 
                 2.8 
                 3.2 
                 3.6 
                 4 
                 4.3 
               
               
                   
                 15% 
                 0.5 
                 1 
                 1.4 
                 1.9 
                 2.4 
                 2.9 
                 3.4 
                 3.8 
                 4.3 
                 4.8 
                 5.1 
               
               
                   
                 20% 
                 0.6 
                 1.1 
                 1.7 
                 2.2 
                 2.8 
                 3.3 
                 3.9 
                 4.5 
                 5 
                 5.6 
                 5.9 
               
               
                   
                 25% 
                 0.6 
                 1.3 
                 1.9 
                 2.5 
                 3.2 
                 3.8 
                 4.4 
                 5.1 
                 5.7 
                 6.3 
                 6.6 
               
               
                   
                 30% 
                 0.7 
                 1.4 
                 2.1 
                 2.8 
                 3.6 
                 4.3 
                 5 
                 5.7 
                 6.4 
                 7.1 
                 7.4 
               
               
                   
                 35% 
                 0.8 
                 1.6 
                 2.4 
                 3.2 
                 3.9 
                 4.7 
                 5.5 
                 6.3 
                 7.1 
                 7.9 
                 8.2 
               
               
                   
                 40% 
                 0.9 
                 1.7 
                 2.6 
                 3.5 
                 4.3 
                 5.2 
                 6.1 
                 6.9 
                 7.8 
                 8.7 
                 9 
               
               
                   
                 45% 
                 0.9 
                 1.9 
                 2.8 
                 3.8 
                 4.7 
                 5.7 
                 6.6 
                 7.5 
                 8.5 
                 9.4 
                 9.7 
               
               
                   
                 50% 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3.1 
                 4.1 
                 5.1 
                 6.1 
                 7.1 
                 8.2 
                 9.2 
                 10.2 
                 10.5 
               
               
                   
                 55% 
                 1.3 
                 2.3 
                 3.4 
                 4.4 
                 5.4 
                 6.4 
                 7.4 
                 8.5 
                 9.5 
                 10.5 
                 10.8 
               
               
                   
                 60% 
                 1.6 
                 2.6 
                 3.7 
                 4.7 
                 5.7 
                 6.7 
                 7.7 
                 8.8 
                 9.8 
                 10.8 
                 11.1 
               
               
                   
                 65% 
                 1.9 
                 2.9 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9.1 
                 10.1 
                 11.1 
                 11.4 
               
               
                   
                 70% 
                 2.2 
                 3.2 
                 4.3 
                 5.3 
                 6.3 
                 7.3 
                 8.3 
                 9.4 
                 10.4 
                 11.4 
                 11.7 
               
               
                   
                 75% 
                 2.5 
                 3.5 
                 4.6 
                 5.6 
                 6.6 
                 7.6 
                 8.6 
                 9.7 
                 10.7 
                 11.7 
                 12 
               
               
                   
                 80% 
                 2.8 
                 3.8 
                 4.9 
                 5.9 
                 6.9 
                 7.9 
                 8.9 
                 10 
                 11 
                 12 
                 12.3 
               
               
                   
                 85% 
                 3.1 
                 4.1 
                 5.2 
                 6.2 
                 7.2 
                 8.2 
                 9.2 
                 10.3 
                 11.3 
                 12.3 
                 12.6 
               
               
                   
                 90% 
                 3.4 
                 4.4 
                 5.5 
                 6.5 
                 7.5 
                 8.5 
                 9.5 
                 10.6 
                 11.6 
                 12.6 
                 12.9 
               
               
                   
                 95% 
                 3.7 
                 4.7 
                 5.8 
                 6.8 
                 7.8 
                 8.8 
                 9.8 
                 10.9 
                 11.9 
                 12.9 
                 13.2 
               
               
                   
                 100% 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6.1 
                 7.1 
                 8.1 
                 9.1 
                 10.1 
                 11.2 
                 12.2 
                 13.2 
                 13.5 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Long Term EBITDA Margin 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                 60% 
                 65% 
                 70% 
                 75% 
                 80% 
                 85% 
                 90% 
                 95% 
                 100% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Projected 
                 5% 
                 3.9 
                 4.2 
                 4.5 
                 4.8 
                 5.1 
                 5.4 
                 5.7 
                 6 
                 6.3 
               
               
                   
                 Revenue 
                 10% 
                 4.6 
                 4.9 
                 5.2 
                 5.5 
                 5.8 
                 6.1 
                 6.4 
                 6.7 
                 7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 15% 
                 5.4 
                 5.7 
                 6 
                 6.3 
                 6.6 
                 6.9 
                 7.2 
                 7.5 
                 7.8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 20% 
                 6.2 
                 6.5 
                 6.8 
                 7.1 
                 7.4 
                 7.7 
                 8 
                 8.3 
                 8.6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 25% 
                 6.9 
                 7.2 
                 7.5 
                 7.8 
                 8.1 
                 8.4 
                 8.7 
                 9 
                 9.3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 30% 
                 7.7 
                 8 
                 8.3 
                 8.6 
                 8.9 
                 9.2 
                 9.5 
                 9.8 
                 10.1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 35% 
                 8.5 
                 8.8 
                 9.1 
                 9.4 
                 9.7 
                 10 
                 10.3 
                 10.6 
                 10.9 
               
               
                   
                   
                 40% 
                 9.3 
                 9.6 
                 9.9 
                 10.2 
                 10.5 
                 10.8 
                 11.1 
                 11.4 
                 11.7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 45% 
                 10 
                 10.3 
                 10.6 
                 10.9 
                 11.2 
                 11.5 
                 11.8 
                 12.1 
                 12.4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 50% 
                 10.8 
                 11.1 
                 11.4 
                 11.7 
                 12 
                 12.3 
                 12.6 
                 12.9 
                 13.2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 55% 
                 11.1 
                 11.4 
                 11.7 
                 12 
                 12.3 
                 12.6 
                 12.9 
                 13.2 
                 13.5 
               
               
                   
                   
                 60% 
                 11.4 
                 11.7 
                 12 
                 12.3 
                 12.6 
                 12.9 
                 13.2 
                 13.5 
                 13.8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 65% 
                 11.7 
                 12 
                 12.3 
                 12.6 
                 12.9 
                 13.2 
                 13.5 
                 13.8 
                 14.1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 70% 
                 12 
                 12.3 
                 12.6 
                 12.9 
                 13.2 
                 13.5 
                 13.8 
                 14.1 
                 14.4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 75% 
                 12.3 
                 12.6 
                 12.9 
                 13.2 
                 13.5 
                 13.8 
                 14.1 
                 14.4 
                 14.7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 80% 
                 12.6 
                 12.9 
                 13.2 
                 13.5 
                 13.8 
                 14.1 
                 14.4 
                 14.7 
                 15 
               
               
                   
                   
                 85% 
                 12.9 
                 13.2 
                 13.5 
                 13.8 
                 14.1 
                 14.4 
                 14.7 
                 15 
                 15.3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 90% 
                 13.2 
                 13.5 
                 13.8 
                 14.1 
                 14.4 
                 14.7 
                 15 
                 15.3 
                 15.6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 95% 
                 13.5 
                 13.8 
                 14.1 
                 14.4 
                 14.7 
                 15 
                 15.3 
                 15.6 
                 15.9 
               
               
                   
                   
                 100% 
                 13.8 
                 14.1 
                 14.4 
                 14.7 
                 15 
                 15.3 
                 15.6 
                 15.9 
                 16.2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The actual multiplier may then be calculated as:
         If growthMultiplier&gt;industryMultiplier then:       

     
       
         
           
             multiplier 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   g 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   growthMultiplier 
                 
                 + 
                 industryMultiplier 
               
               2 
             
           
         
       
         
         
           
             Else
           multiplier=industryMultiplier.   
         
           
         
       
    
     Seller&#39;s discretionary earnings (SDE) may then be calculated as: 
     1. Sum the year-weight averages of . . .
         SDE=w(pretaxIncome)   w(ownerSalary)   w(ownerBenefits)   w(onetimeBenefits)   w(noncashItems)   w(interestExpense)\   w(onetimeCosts)
 
2. Adjust to inflation.
 
3. Adjust to pre-tax growth.
       

     Next, the valuation value may be calculated. The SDE may be multiplied by the selected multiplier, and may have applied thereto a series of industry-specific adjustment factors which may, for example, again be obtained external to system  200  by engine  202 : 
     valuation=SDE×multiplier. 
     Adjustments may include, for example:
     1. Negative vaulation adjustment:
       If valuation≦0, then   
       

     
       
         
           
             valuation 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   w 
                    
                   
                     ( 
                     revenue 
                     ) 
                   
                 
                 × 
                 growthMultiplier 
               
               2 
             
           
         
       
         
         2. Adjust to recurring revenue: 
         3. Adjust to intellectual property: 
         4. Adjust to percent of sales from top three customers: 
         5. Adjust to the “if the owner left” impact: 
         6. If the valuation is negative at this point, it may be reset to 0, or alternative calculation methodologies may be employed by engine  202 . 
         7. Subtract debt for recent year only. 
         8. Add cash for recent year only. 
         9. Subtract 50% of depreciation for recent year only. 
         10. Add fixed Assets for recent year only. 
         11. Add 80% of accounts receivable for recent year only. 
         12. Add 75% of inventory for recent year only. 
       
    
     Thereby, an exemplary valuation may be obtained. Of course, those skilled in the pertinent arts will appreciate that other calculation means, or adjustments, may be employed by engine  302 , and further that certain calculations performed by engine  302  may constitute reportable, standalone calculations that may be output in a report by engine  302 . By way of non-limiting example, a specific intellectual property valuation may be performed, either as a stand-alone report or as a part of the aforementioned business valuation. In such an embodiment, each patent or patent application may be assigned a value. For example, a patent&#39;s or patent application&#39;s value may be calculated as:
         1. Assess Patent Office&#39;s assigned search fields for the patent/application as percentage values of gross-domestic product (“GDP”) (such as may be obtained external to system  200  by engine  202 );   2. Assess patent breadth:
           If number of independent claims=1, assign +1;   If number of independent claims=2 or 3, assign +2;   If number of independent claims&gt;3, assign +3;   If at least 1 independent claim has 3 or fewer claim limitations, assign +3;   If at least 1 independent claim has 5 or fewer claim limitations, assign +2;   
           3. Assess number of competitors with vertical market share greater than 10% in the assessed area of GDP;   4. Assess patent&#39;s/application&#39;s value:   If assigned value=+5 or 6, then value is lesser of 10% of the vertical market share in the assessed area of GDP, or $2.5 million, or alternatively is the average of 10% of the vertical market share and $2.5 million;   If assigned value=+3 or 4, then value is lesser of 5% of vertical market share or $1 million, or alternatively is the average of 5% of the vertical market share and $1 million;   If assigned value=+1 or 2, then the value may alternately be assigned as $100,000, the cost of pursuing the patent (as entered by the requesting user), or 1% of the vertical market share.       

     Similarly, a patent&#39;s or application&#39;s value may be obtained by the engine  302  by gaining information external to system  300 , such as via searching at blocks  310  or  314 , in relation to other patent properties sold in the field of search, by way of non-limiting example. 
     Services  320  may additionally include a financial health scoring, for example, as discussed further hereinbelow. A score may be generated for each business participating in the engine  302  of the invention. Such scoring may be automatically generated pursuant to a valuation service, or may be separately generated, such as for a separate or lesser fee from a valuation service. Thereby, normalized across-industry scores for a large number of businesses may allow for expedited comparison, such as by prospective investors or acquirers, between those businesses. The scores may be provided via a simple search interface, and/or a search by industry, location, name, principals, email address, address, reason for valuation, financial information, valuation or score range, combinations thereof or the like. 
     The searchability of scores may be particularly advantageous if associated with the flagging discussed herein—that is, if a simple search can be performed to find businesses having a particular score or range of scores, and the businesses returned responsive to the search may be broken down by which ones are, for example, seeking investors, the present invention will thereby greatly facilitate the occurrence of investment transactions. Valuations, of course, may be made publicly available in a manner similar to the scores, and may thus likewise be associated with flagging, such as pursuant to permission received from the requesting user to make the valuation and/or scoring publicly accessible. 
     Further, the listing of business values, status, interests in partners, and the like greatly facilitate business transactions. For example, valuations and/or scoring may be comparatively provided in a transaction for a buyer, a seller, and a combination thereof after acquisition. These comparative values may serve to indicate whether the transaction should occur. Similarly, such comparative values may be readily available to business sellers, brokers, auctioneers, or sellers of distressed assets, such as in order to indicate proper bidding levels for purchase in an auction environment, or reasonable initial bids for purchase, for example. 
     The presentation layer, AJAX, business knowledge layer, and/or data layer discussed with respect to this  FIG. 4  may be, by way of non-limiting example, java based (such as javascript, J2EE, JSON, jquery and JDBC). Database(s) of the present invention may be, for example, mysql, and searching may be performed, by way of non-limiting example, via SoIr. Additionally, presentation may be made via the presentation layer  306  using html, xml, and CSS, among many others that will be apparent to those skilled in the pertinent arts. 
     Moreover, the presentation layer may provide the access to engine  302  as, for example, a widget. As used herein, a widget is a stand-alone application comprising embeddable “chunks” of code that can be embedded into third party sites by a user, such as onto a webpage, blog, or profile on a social media site. A widget according to the present invention provides a dynamic web app that may be shared across any websites to which the code chunks may be installed and embedded. Installation may occur, for example, by copying and pasting the embedded code, or widget, into the desired page. Simplistic widget functions may include link counters and advertising banners, and in the present invention may include, for example, providing of the scoring discussed herein pursuant to entry of only limited information by the requesting user. Needless to say, this widget may drive traffic to a base website associated with engine  302 , and may additionally create significant value, and drive traffic, for any third party site onto which this widget is placed. The present widget is a downloadable application that looks and acts as a traditional app, but that that is implemented using web technologies such as JavaScript, Flash, HTML and CSS, for example. 
       FIG. 7  is an exemplary presentation layer  306  page for an arriving requesting user. As illustrated, the limited steps may be presented, either in a predetermined order or in a grouped or random order, to the requesting user, such as upon login and/or payment and/or completion of entry of account setup information. The query steps may include, for example, the categories of general company information, financial information, and plant and operations information. Thus, the entry of information by the requesting user may be as simple as completing three steps. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an exemplary aspect of the general company information step which, as illustrated in  FIGS. 7-13 , may be the first of between 3 and 7 steps to establish a business valuation by engine  302 . As shown, the requesting user may be asked to enter, by way of non-limiting example, the business name, business category, industry and reason for valuation. As discussed herein, this information may be used to provide information regarding the output valuation or scoring via search. 
     Similarly,  FIG. 8  illustrates the entry of general company information, such as address, type of company/ownership, number of employees, years since incorporation, and the like. Needless to say, although the queries related to the general company profile are shown as independent screens for the sake of clarity, and the queries of  FIGS. 7 and 8  may be provided separately or in one or more combined steps whereby needed general company information is obtained. 
       FIGS. 9 ,  10  and  11  show the accumulation of financial information for use in a valuation. For clarity,  FIGS. 9 ,  10  and  11  illustrate the queries within these steps as provided in separate graphical interface (UI) screens, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that these queries may be provided in one or more combined steps seeking financial information, for example. As illustrated, the requested financial information may include revenue, pretax income, interest expense and owner salary/benefits, as well as assets in the form of cash, accounts receivable, inventory, fixed assets, general depreciation and total debt, and additionally the projected revenue growth, gross margin percentage, recurring revenue rate, intellectual property, debt-to-equity ratio and/or upcoming strategic pursuits. Needless to say, as discussed herein, helpful information may be provided with regard to the requested information at each stage, such as a detailed definition of the requested information. 
       FIGS. 12 and 13  illustrate the assessment of operations and plant information. For clarity,  FIGS. 12 and 13  illustrate the queries within the steps as provided in separate graphical interface screens, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that these queries may be provided in one or more steps, for example. As illustrated, requested operations and plant information may include, by way of non-limiting example, effects of loss of key employees, percentage of revenue from certain customers, impact of the loss of the owner, portion of research and development that is performed in-house/outsourced, favorability of current physical plant, size and cost of physical plant, estimated future financial performance, and/or the level of competition in the field of endeavor. Such information, and other like information provided in  FIGS. 7-13 , may be subjectively provided, wherein subjective keywords are used by engine  202  for algorithmic conversion to objective categorical ratings, or the information may be objectively provided, the subjectivity of the query notwithstanding, such as through the use of a virtual and interactive sliding scale for user data-entry. 
     Thus, as discussed herein, the query steps may include queries related to general company/profile information, financial information (such as income, assets and growth factors), and operations/personnel information. These query steps may be broken down further into additional query steps, such as in order to gain additional information for a valuation and/or scoring. Such additional information may vary in accordance with an industry of the requesting user, a type of valuation or scoring requested, or the like. Other factors may be optionally added to query steps, or may be weighted if entered at the option of the requesting user. Such other factors may include, for example, third party information and/or publicly available information (such as public relations information). 
     By way of non-limiting example, a significant positive announcement regarding a joint venture entered into by the business of the requesting user may be deemed by engine  302  to have an appreciable positive effect on the valuation or score of the business of the requesting user. These other factors may be simple or complex—for example, the number and results location for the business on Google searches, above or below average marketing realizations for the company&#39;s website, and other similar factors may be used to indicate company value. Thus, this other information may be obtained from the requesting user via the UI at presentation layer  306 , or may be obtained as otherwise discussed with respect to system  300 . 
     Upon completion of the aforementioned steps, a valuation report may preferably be generated by engine  302 . The report may be generated securely, such as using encryption via the thin client provided by the presentation layer, or via secure email, as illustrated in  FIG. 14 . The report so-generated may include, by way of non-limiting example, a valuation in any format, such as pursuant to receipt of payment for the valuation, and/or may include upsell and like offers. For example, the base valuation may include a single valuation value reached by engine  302 , and/or may include a multi-tiered valuation reached by engine  302 , such as a worst-case valuation, a highest probability valuation, and/or a best-case valuation. The report may further include, or may include only pursuant to purchase of an upsell, an enumeration of factors, and details related thereto, relied upon by engine  302  in reaching the valuation. Such factors may include an indication, such as a numerical rating, of the importance of particular factors in reaching the valuation. Needless to say, the importance of particular factors may vary in accordance with the subject tier of a multi-tiered rating. 
     An exemplary abbreviated valuation is illustrated in  FIGS. 15-17 . A more detailed valuation report is illustrated in  FIGS. 18-31 . As shown, reports, valuation and scoring may be customizable, and further may be stored, such as in association with a user login. Moreover, as illustrated, an aspect of the report may include recommendations for repeat business, and further may include cross-selling opportunities. By way of non-limiting example, and as shown, a valuation may include a recommendation as to when an updated valuation should be obtained, such as pursuant to a certain periodicity, or pursuant to changes in certain factors deemed key to the valuation. Further, valuations, such as in a private labeling embodiment, may be maintained internally to the requester and updated periodically, such as quarterly, for shareholder reports, for example. Likewise, a valuation may include cross-selling indications as to ways to improve valuation, such as recommending intellectual property attorneys to increase the size of the requester&#39;s intellectual property portfolio, prospective investors or accountants, and the like. 
     Related to the valuation, and/or as upsells for the valuation, there may be offered, for example, other functions also illustrated in the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 14 . For example, for an upsell fee, or for no additional fee, the valuation requester may participate in a flagging program, such as to indicate external to the secure system of the present invention that the requesting business is for sale, or is seeking investors, for example. Flagging is discussed further hereinbelow. Similarly, as shown in the exemplary illustration of  FIG. 14 , there may be offered a participation in listing services, for an additional fee or no fee. Such listing services may make locatable, such as via search, one or more of the company and valuation, some or all of the query step responses and/or factors related to the valuation, information related to the business, its industry, its location, its employees, or the like, and/or the businesses score or rating akin to a FICO score, as also discussed herein. 
     Further, under the laws of many jurisdictions, both foreign and domestic, private companies must or may periodically obtain a valuation of the company&#39;s worth. In the United States, such a valuation may be required under Rule 409A, for example, for nonqualified deferred compensation. Such compensation may include stock options and stock appreciation rights, for example. More particularly, Rule 409A dictates that every privately held company that issues nonqualified deferred compensation must get a formal valuation (i.e., one calculated by a third party), to allow for the issuance of options at a fair market value. 
     Although certain instruments are not subject to Rule 409A, such as restricted stock, a Rule 409A valuation may nevertheless allow the company to provide third parties with a verified valuation and may further constitute certain information that may be necessary and/or desirable for tax and other reporting purposes outside typical 409A type compliance. For example, the information generated and verified by the present invention may also be used in conjunction with a FAS 123R and/or 157 valuation (herein also referred to, in conjunction with a 409A valuation, as a “409A valuation” or a “verified valuation”). Similarly, instruments first exempted, such as incentive stock options, may become subject to Rule 409A if, for example, it is determined that the fair market value of the option price is greater than the strike price at the date of grant. 
     A Rule 409A valuation may be completed by an independent, qualified, experienced third party using a reasonable application of a reasonable valuation method. The Rule 409A valuation, once first completed, generally must be updated, such as every 12 months, for example. Updates may be more frequent if, for example, the company experiences a significant occurrence, such as, for example, a new product release, a new financing round, an expansion or acquisition, or significant funding or other capital infusion. Compliance with the updating aspects of Rule 409A is important, as penalties wrought by certain jurisdictions may include taxation of any under-valued evaluation either to the company and/or to its employees personally. Such penalties may also include a twenty (20%) percent surcharge and/or additional interest charges. 
     The valuation of the company, for the purposes of compliance with Rule 409A and like regulations, may include any number of valuation points and may be dependent on the type of recent activity that triggered the need for an evaluation and/or update. For example, in an arms-length financing round, a valuation of the common stock value may be based on the value of the round using various techniques, including, for example, an option pricing model, such as Black-Scholes, lattice, or Monte Carlo, depending on the complexity of the company&#39;s capital structure. Other techniques may include, for example, a current value method and may be dependent on the complexity of stock issuance and the type of events that have occurred with respect to the company. Importantly, the valuation may consider facts specific to the company and/or to the company&#39;s profile and/or data, such as, for example, data on restricted stock studies in support of calculating a marketability discount, for example. 
     In addition to the particular company-based derived values previously discussed herein, a valuation calculated by engine  302  of the present invention may also use one or more values related to the following sources: a) the value of tangible and intangible assets of the corporation; b) the present value of future cash-flows; c) the market value of stock or equity interests in similar corporations and other companies engaged in trades or businesses substantially similar to those engaged in by the corporation being valued, the value of which may be determined by objective means (such as through trading prices on an established market or an amount paid in an arms length private transaction); and d) other relevant measures, such as control premiums or discounts for lack of marketability (as mentioned above) and whether the valuation method is used for other purposes that have a material economic effect on the service recipient, its stockholders or its creditors, for example. 
     Utilizing the steps enumerated herein, a verified valuation may further rely upon additional steps and or actions to provide additional value points and verification of at least one aspect of Rule 409A. By way of non-limiting example, and additional 1, 2, 3 or more steps may be added to the aforementioned inputs requested from the user of engine  302 . As such, for example, the user may be asked to engage in a 10 step, rather than a 7 step, process should the user wish to obtain a Rule 409A valuation. Moreover, certain of the information, or additional information requested of the user of engine  302  may need to be verified or certified information in order to allow for a Rule 409A valuation. Yet further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a Rule 409A valuation may have an additional charge, or a unique charge, to the user related thereto, and such additional charge or unique charge to the user may or may not vary in accordance with whether the user is generating a new Rule 409A valuation, or updating a previous one or ones of a Rule 409A valuation. 
     The calculation of a 409 type valuation may include, in addition to other calculations made by the present invention and/or inputted by the user, stockholder equity and capitalization information, information regarding materially adverse or favorable changes to the business (including, but not limited to, actual and potential legal actions), and pipeline, forecast and time to close numbers and ratios. As such, the aforementioned additional steps in the valuation in order to receive a verified valuation may be (1) stockholder equity and capitalization, (2) material changes to the business (including, but not limited to, actual and potential legal actions), and (3) pipeline, forecast and time to close. 
     In addition to the functionality described herein, the use of the present invention to provide a 409A type valuation may require the user and/or person inputting information on behalf of the company to sign on securely and to authenticate credentials, such as in addition to any log-in relating to a non-Rule 409A valuation as discussed herein. Once authenticated, company information needed to provide a satisfactory valuation may be imported through documents, such as spreadsheets and text documents, and the like. Such documents may be stored by the present invention to allow for review and/or comparison of past data, and/or for present day compliance requiring historical information. 
     The present invention also provides a user interface which may allow for collaboration components to work with accounting and legal firms that work with the company, as discussed elsewhere herein. For example, the company may authorize a specific accounting firm to interact with the system to provide detailed financial information, such as in the event certified data is required upon a request for a 409A valuation. In addition, authorized third parties on whom the company relies to provide certain financial and legal services may have independent authentications required, and once authenticated may provide verified information necessary for a 409A valuation. In other words, the submission by third parties having a professional bar or other recognized form of credential may be recognized within the system as being directly from such a source, such as via an authentication. 
     Monetization of this aspect of the present invention may include providing access to company personel and company authorized individuals for the purposes of providing and/or maintaining/accessing company information resident in the system. The present invention may allow users, and more specifically high level company users and agents to manage and discuss the information provided to the system and the analysis therein. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 34 , the present invention may provide the user of the system access to the business valuation aspect of the present invention at step  3401 . Once the process has begun, the company may input, or choose from a list of users within the company or at third parties, those individuals that may have access to the evaluation process at step  3402 . Regardless of whether or not any additional users are granted access, the system may begin with the acceptance of the information described herein at step  3403 . Once information has been entered, the present invention, in part through engine  302 , may alert the user whether sufficient information has been entered to provide a 409A or like valuation acceptable for use with a government entity in step  3404 . The system may provide, even if insufficient information was entered, a non-409A valuation of the company in step  3405 . The system may further ask, at step  3407  and to the extent the entered information was insufficient, whether the user wishes to enter the lacking information. If the user chooses to enter the information requested at step  3407 , or if the information entered at step  3403  was sufficient, a 409A valuation may be outputted at step  3410 . 
     As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be a cloud based system accessible through a variety of portals, including, but not limited to, secure network connection with each participating company. Access to the system may be in the form of a subscription and may be based on a temporal basis. For example, the present invention may allow for 409A (or the like) annual subscriptions costing between about $1,500.00 and $5,500.00, such as based upon the size of the business. The size of the business may be determined by the estimated value or stated number of employees at renewal or beginning of each 409A subscription. The price of subscription may be adjusted within the annual period to account for changes in the company or differences between the stated value and the value calculated by the present invention, for example. Of course, usage by a company may be unlimited within the subscription period and additional users beyond an initially provided sum may be each charged a specific additional fee, for example. 
     Business Scoring System 
     In the past, integrated valuation models have developed in a variety of sectors, such as in real estate. For example, the proliferation of sites such as zillow.com, MLS listings, eppraisal.com and the like allow homeowners to get a quality, highly valid assessment of the value of real estate. Similarly, the availability of credit scores for individuals, and creditworthiness ratings for businesses, have allowed for comparison between otherwise disparate individuals and businesses for reasons such as the issuance of credit, investment, purchases, and the like. However, prior to the advent of the cloud-based, FICO score equivalent for business provided in the present invention, such a value chain did not exist in a widely available and affordable form for consumption by large and small businesses. 
     The business valuation engine  302  discussed hereinthroughout, in conjunction with system  300 , readily lends capabilities to allow for the present invention to provide a FICO score-equivalent for business. For example, the business score may be provided in conjunction with a valuation, or may be provided as a stand-alone, such as pursuant to payment of a separate fee. Further, the business score may be listed, or may be an aspect of a listing regarding the subject business that also includes other information, in accordance with the herein described services. 
     For example, and as illustrated in the flow chart of  FIG. 32 , engine  302  may perform a foreground (if the valuation is the requested service) or background (if the valuation is not the requested service) valuation at step  602 , as detailed herein. The engine may further, as discussed herein, have available to it, such as externally via the network cloud, valuations of other, larger companies, such as publicly traded companies and the like. The valuations of other, larger companies in the same industry as the business of the requesting user may then serve as a baseline, at step  604 , for the score of the requested business. 
     A scale may be assigned for a rating across all businesses and sectors/industries, such as a scale of 1-800, or preferentially 1-777, and the healthiest businesses (i.e., the businesses worth the most) in the same sector as the requesting business may be assigned a maximum score, such as 800, for that vertical at step  606 . It may be further assumed that, for example, a business scoring 200 would have a financial status (i.e., the valuation performed by engine  202 ) that would indicate imminent failure of the business. Thereafter, a sliding scale may be applied at step  610  to the requesting business, i.e., if certain important factors, such as debt/equity ratio, generation of intellectual property, or the like, would indicate that a requesting business is 60% financially advanced over others in the space toward the financial health of the business(es) scoring 800 in the subject vertical, the business may receive a score of 200+0.6.times.800=680. The score may be output at step  612 , such as via any of the methods discussed herein for outputting a valuation report, i.e., such as via thin client, thick client, paper output (mail), email, widget, app, or the like, by way of non-limiting example. 
     Needless to say, the valuations and business score calculated by the present invention may be more optimal if the valuation or the business score, or aspects that contribute thereto, are verified and/or certified by a third party. Thereby, the verification may provide a higher degree of confidence in the results calculated by the present invention, and may thus allow such results to have a higher value in the marketplace (i.e., with potential investors, stockholders, government agencies, and other companies, for example). As such, the business score may better serve the aforementioned function as a FICO score for business data, and may better allow the business score to serve as a barometer of business growth and innovation that a business may leverage to show future value. 
     Present day providers of business valuation information generally access publicly available information such as tax records, credit ratings, and publicly filed information, for example, and utilize such information to prepare generic business records. For example, some valuators use this information to impart a relatively arbitrary ranking or rating to the business. Since such ratings rely on publically available information, most companies are unaware of, or at minimum not reliant on, such rating(s), and in fact may not even know who has access to, makes use of, or may view such ratings. The providers of such ratings are thus limited to ranking/rating companies along one of two vectors: 1) the company&#39;s ability to “pay” (e.g. a calculation related to cash on hand/receipts versus debts); and 2) the company&#39;s ability to stay in business. 
     The typical purchasers of such data are thus not the companies themselves, but rather are clients and vendors to these same companies. Whether used by the company itself, or by a client or vendor, it is apparent that a third vector is missing from the aforementioned calculus—namely an at least partially verified score correlating this information to whether and how a company can grow, innovate, and lead in its field. Thus, the present invention may provide a business score, and/or a business valuation, that is calculated using at least one point of verified information. As used herein, “verification” may include the reviewing, inspecting or testing of information submitted to the present invention, in order to establish and document that the information is true, correct and/or may be generally accepted. Such verification may be made by a third party having an arm&#39;s length relationship with the company, and/or by a professional or professional body applying relevant professional standards, such as, for example, an accountant and/or an attorney. 
     Verification may also be passively applied to information received from a known and/or reputable third party source, such as, for example, directly from a financial institution or the government, as discussed hereinabove in greater detail with respect to  FIG. 4 . For example, information collected and/or correlated by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) may be accessed and imported into the present invention pursuant to the request of or authorization by the company, and such IRS information may be authenticated by importation through a known, secure interface with the IRS, such as through a specific domain, for example. Similarly, information may be received under signature from a known financial institution and/or a legal professional, for example, pursuant to authorization from the requesting company. 
     Such verification of information is in sharp contrast to other sources and third party vendors of business related information. For example, many private services, such as, for example, Dunn and Bradstreet, offer a numerical evaluation, or rating per the discussion above, based on unverified and/or stale data. For example, such services rely on reported payment rates and debt/receivables/revenue values, which are often more than a year old. With respect to payment rates, reporting is often limited to just a few creditors doing business with the subject company, and may be further skewed by volunteer reporting of only negative events. Similarly, revenue values, especially for privately held or emerging companies, may be of an unknown value either because such information is not publically available or because it simply does not exist. Furthermore, even if certain financial information becomes publically available, the reporting of such information, such as through a 409A valuation, for example, may occur infrequently in time and may prove to be wholly irrelevant at the time such information is used in formulating a valuation. 
     Perhaps more importantly, such sources and third party vendors of business related ratings generally rely entirely on unverified public information. For example, although available to third party ratings entities, a “slow pay” warning given by a credit reporting agency, such as Experian, may be a result of a misunderstanding between the company and a creditor, a simple mistake by the creditor and/or credit reporting agency, and/or a result of a liable or negligent act by limited personnel within the company. Under many such scenarios, the information collected and relied upon sources of information, such as information from the credit reporting agency, for example, may thus be unverified and may thereby lead to hampering the usefulness of the otherwise verified information when the two are aggregated together. 
     To mitigate or avoid such limitation on the usefulness of the verified information caused by the unverified information, the present invention may allow for both verified and unverified information to exist together in formulating a business score or valuation. The present invention may, for example, include a value for any and all information but may delineate values based on verified and unverified information and/or the type of such information. 
     Thus, the present invention may value the same information differently if it is verified versus unverified. For example, a company may input its gross revenue into the present invention, but may not offer or provide any third party verification or certification of the inputted data. Such unverified information may be assigned a contributing value towards the overall business score, for example. However, if the company provides the same information in a verified format, or subsequently provides verification/certification of the information, such as, for example, by providing a copy of an investment prospectus, the information may be provided a “verified” value of 20 points higher for verified gross revenue, as compared to the value assigned for unverified gross revenue. Further still, if the certification of the information is by a more trusted source, such as, for example, a government agency as discussed above, the same “verified” information may be provided an additional value of 10 more points on the business score, bringing the total score increase for the provided verification to 30 points higher than the score otherwise would have been, for example. 
     Therefore, a company may knowingly increase its score, and/or its valuation, by increasing the verified aspects of the information used to generate that score or valuation. Thereby, a user may obtain piecemeal verifications of information, such as to incrementally increase a business score and/or to gain an advantage as against competitors that do not provide verifications of that piece of business information, or may obtain verifications of all, or the most significant, factors affecting a score or valuation. 
     As discussed above, verification of company information may be delineated by source. For example, entry of information may be at least initiated by employees of the company, and/or may emanate from a private bank and/or a credit ratings agency, and/or may come from a government agency, for example. Utilizing the steps enumerated herein, a verified valuation or score may further rely upon additional steps and/or actions to obtain verifications or certifications, such as additional communication paths between the present invention and third-party verifiers, encrypted or secure communications, and the like. 
     The business score may indicate whether the score is the highest achieved by the company, the highest received by any company, the highest received by a company in a defined category, and/or the lowest score for the foregoing categories, and/or similar indicators as would be known to those skilled in the art. Similarly, an icon may be provided to the company for display purposes, both electronic and otherwise, to indicate the company&#39;s business score, either in a direct or indirect manner. 
     The most basic business score may be first obtained, at step  11 , by a company once the company has inputted at least the company&#39;s name and contact information, such as an email address, for example. This base line of information may represent the minimum business score that may be issued by the present invention. Adding information, such as at step  13 , may allow the score to be increased or decreased based on the actual content of the entered information. For example, the score may be raised through adding information such as, for example, revenue growth over a defined period of time (score of 100-200); gross margin (score of 100-200); Recurring revenue (score of up to 75); interest expense (score of 25 to −50); intellectual property (score of up to 25); or profitability (score of up to 200), for example. The score increase may then be further affected, at step  15 , based on the verification or non-verification of entered information. 
     The business scores of certain companies utilizing the present invention may be listed in a common place, such as within the GUI associated with the present invention and discussed herein. A company wishing to raise its score versus at least one other company may thus provide additional information which may raise the company&#39;s score at step  13 , and/or may provide verify the information already entered or provide further verified information at step  15 . For example, a company having a score of 510 may verify a newly issued debt instrument, which may raise the company&#39;s score by 50 points to 560. 
     Further, utilizing the same example, the verification of the debt instrument may be at least the second piece of information verified by the company and may thus result in an additional point award of 20 points for having two verifications, for example, which would raise the score in this example to 580. Such bonus score points may be provided in various ways for verification(s) of information and/or other additional information provided by the company. 
     By way of further example, a verification of EBITDA margin may provide for the awarding of bonus points on a business score or valuation. By way of non-limiting example, if the EBITDA is verified as 0 to 10%, 25 points may be added; if the EBITDA is verified as 11 to 25%, 50 points may be added; if the EBITDA is verified as 25 to 50%, 75 points may be added; and if the EBITDA is verified as 51 or more, 100 points may be added. 
     Business Flagging System 
       FIG. 33  illustrates a flagging option to be used in accordance with the present invention. As shown by the exemplary flags, a number of flags may be selectable by the requesting/participating user to indicate a status, want, need, or the like of the requesting user&#39;s business. For example, a small business may be looking to raise funds, explore mergers, meet partners, or sell a company. Conversely, a large business, investor or bank may be looking for partners for, for example, SBIR participation, or may be looking to make investments or to make acquisitions in certain technologies, or the like. 
     By providing the flagging system discussed herein, these indications may be made when a party is located by a search, such as a search for parties having the desired status, in accordance with the discussion herein and on the thin client, thick client, app, widget, or the like UI from which a valuation would be generated according to the present invention. Additionally or alternatively, a requesting user may place such a flag in association with the user&#39;s website, such as by insertion of java thereon, or by association of a widget therewith, by way of non-limiting example, to indicate to visitors to the site, or to search engines that pick up the site, information with regard to the requesting business&#39;s status. 
     It almost goes without saying that the flags illustrated in  FIG. 31  are exemplary only. That is to say, other types of flags, indicators, colors, markers, audio or visual cues, metadata, or the like may be used as a “flag” to facilitate the marketplace regarding or between flagged businesses in accordance with the present invention. 
     Revenue Generation Systems 
     The systems and methods of the present invention provides several opportunities for revenue generation to the provider of the methodology. The first is generation of revenue from highly targeted advertising. As discussed hereinthroughout, the present invention receives and tracks information regarding a business at the steps during which input is requested. Additionally, information incorporated from outside the engine of the present invention, such as a creditworthiness score or a Dunn &amp; Bradstreet report, by way of non-limiting example, as well as information generated for inclusion in a valuation report in accordance with the present invention, may be accumulated by the present invention. All such information accumulated, namely the entered information, the information externally gained by the engine of the present invention, and the reported valuation information, may further be associated with an account associated with the report requester, which account may additionally include yet further information. Some or all of such accumulated information may be tracked to allow for highly target advertising to users of the present invention. 
     A second revenue generation model includes individual or subscription sales of the valuation reports and/or scores associated with the engine of the present invention. Subscriptions may be, for example, annual or monthly, for example. For example, the reporting and/or scoring and/or flagging associated with the valuation generation, as discussed herein, may allow for entry of payment information, such as locally to the requesting user, for receipt of payment remotely via the service provider, such as using a network connection between the requesting user and the service provider. Such a case-by-case payment schema may require the same payment from any requesting user, or may, for example, allow for the required payment to vary based on particular factors, such as the number of employees or debt-to-equity ratio of the requesting user. Payment schema may vary dynamically, and payment may be entered via any known method, including via entry of credit card or Paypal information. 
     An additional revenue generation model according to the present invention includes a private labeling and/or licensing system for accessing the reporting/scoring/flagging engine  302 . Such private labeling may allow for certain of the herein-discussed entities to whom the present invention would be highly useful, such as an insurance agent endeavoring to sell a client an adequate level of insurance commensurate with a value of a business owned by such client, to privately sell access to the reporting/scoring/flagging engine. Private labeling revenue may be generated by, for example, first receiving, by the engine  302  provider, of an activation fee. Further fees might include, by way of non-limiting example, fees for each transaction consummated by the private labeler, and fees for providing technical support, hosting, bandwidth, and the like. 
     Exemplary Offerings 
     The following sections illustrate, by way of non-limiting example, exemplary embodiments in which the present invention may be offered in, for example, a private labeling or license context. However, these exemplary embodiments are not limited to private labeling or licensing contexts, and may thus be made available on a payment per transaction basis, a payment per bulk transactions basis, or like bases, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art in light of the discussion hereinbelow. 
     Accounting Firm 
     Use of the present invention to allow accounting firms to provide reporting and/or scoring for small businesses and small business-owner clients may provide increased frequency of client interaction, including on matters other than taxation. For example, a simple, yet highly valid valuation provided through the use of the present invention may attract more offline and/or detailed business valuations. Further, prospective valuation reports, i.e. reports regarding the effects of various business opportunities, such as taking on additional investors, may allow for the providing of a growth consulting practice that allows for businesses or business owners to predictively analyze how best to grow the worth of a business, either for business or personal reasons. Such a licensing or private labeling model may be based upon an up front payment, royalty per transaction, and/or a license based on number of employees of the business to be assessed and/or the accounting firm, by way of non-limiting example. 
     Retail Bank 
     Use of the present invention to allow retail banks to provide and/or analyze reporting, flagging and/or scoring for small businesses and small business owner clients may provide the ability to more effectively and efficiently attract better and more loans for small and emerging growth businesses and business owners. Further, current reports and prospective valuation reports may allow for improved and more critical risk management, broader accumulation of risk management data (such as by having more and better analysis across branches), and improved prediction of potential loan success. Such a licensing or private labeling model may be based upon an up-front payment, royalty per transaction, and/or a license based on number of branches or assets under management, by way of non-limiting example. 
     Insurance Firm 
     Yet more particularly, the present invention may provide an upsell tool for premiums. In typical embodiments, insurance agents offer, for example, term life and whole life policies, but the adequacy of the coverage of such policies, for a small business owner, is highly related to the value of that small business owner&#39;s business. Thus, the present invention allows the small business owner to be provided with a highly valid indication of business valuation, and, if the received business valuation indicates that the insurance coverage for the owner of that business is not adequate, an adequate policy may preferably be up-sold to the small business owner. 
     A licensing or private labeling model as discussed in this section may be provided, for example, as a bundled financial advisory and assessment tool, or as a stand-alone. The licensing or private labeling model may be based upon an up front payment, a royalty per transaction, and/or a license based on number of reports run by agents, by way of non-limiting example. 
     Sale/License Broker 
     The present invention may enable brokerage/auction sites and firms to provide reporting, flagging and/or scoring for small businesses participating in the site, or with the firm, such as to find a buyer, investor, or licensee for the small business or its technology. By way of non-limiting example, the valuation, flag and/or score of a small business may be included in its searchable profile on a broker&#39;s site, whereby a prospective buyer, investor or licensee may readily view the valuation, flag or score of the small business. Thereby, the prospective buyer/investor/licensee may receive an indication whether a transaction with the small business is desired by the small business, and/or is of interest to the prospective buyer/investor/licensee. 
     The present invention in this exemplary embodiment may be offered in at least a partially secure manner, such wherein only limited information about the small business may be made available by the small business. A licensing or private labeling model as discussed in this section may be provided, for example, as a bundled tool, a web-based or widgetized tool, a hyperlinked tool, or as a stand-alone. The licensing or private labeling model in this embodiment may be based upon an up front payment from the broker, a royalty per transaction, and/or a license based on number of transactions engaged in by the broker, by way of non-limiting example. 
     Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the herein described systems and methods may be subject to various modifications and alternative constructions. There is no intention to limit the scope of the invention to the specific constructions described herein. Rather, the herein described systems and methods are intended to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the scope and spirit of the invention and its equivalents.