Patent Publication Number: US-2019187406-A1

Title: Optical element driving device, interchangeable lens, and imaging device

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present technology relates to a technical field regarding an optical element driving device that operates an optical element by rotational force of a rotationally-manipulated manipulation ring, and an interchangeable lens and an imaging device that include the same. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In a structure used in shooting performed by various kinds of imaging devices such as a video camera and a still camera, an interchangeable lens, or the like, an optical system including various kinds of optical elements such as a lens and a lens group is arranged thereinside. 
     In such a structure, an optical element is moved by an optical element driving device in an optical axis direction (axial direction), and for example, zooming, focusing, or the like is performed. In addition, there also exists a structure in which a blade member such as an iris that is an optical element is operated by an optical element driving device and an amount of light taken into an image sensor is adjusted. 
     For example, an operation such as zooming and focusing is performed by a manipulation ring such as a zoom ring and a focus ring being rotated, and a lens group or the like being moved in an optical axis direction in accordance with a rotation amount and a rotation direction of the manipulation ring. 
     In recent years, functionality of the above-described imaging device and interchangeable lens has enhanced and for example, the one enabled to perform not only shooting of a still image but also shooting of a moving image has become widespread. Nevertheless, depending on the types or the like of an imaging device and an interchangeable lens, a function to be executed sometimes varies in accordance with a rotation direction of a manipulation ring. 
     For example, while there exists a type in which a lens group or the like is moved from a telephoto side to a wide angle side by a manipulation ring being rotated in a clockwise direction, and the lens group or the like is moved from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side by the manipulation ring being rotated in a counterclockwise direction, there exists a type in which the lens group or the like is moved from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side by the manipulation ring being rotated in the counterclockwise direction, and the lens group or the like is moved from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side by the manipulation ring being rotated in the clockwise direction. 
     In addition, there also exists a type in which, in both shooting times of a still image shooting time and a moving image shooting time, a lens group or the like is moved from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side by a manipulation ring being rotated in one direction. 
     When a function to be executed varies in accordance with a rotation direction of such a manipulation ring, at the time of use, there is concern that failures are caused such as an erroneous manipulation regarding a rotation direction being performed on a manipulation ring and a shooting chance being missed, and there is a possibility that good operability is not ensured. 
     In view of the foregoing, for ensuring high operability regarding a manipulation ring, some conventional imaging devices and interchangeable lenses are enabled to change over an operation direction of an optical element with respect to a rotation direction of a manipulation ring (e.g. refer to Patent Literature 1). 
     An imaging device described in Patent Literature 1 can preset a moving direction of an optical element that corresponds to a rotation direction of a manipulation ring, by manipulating a direction changeover switch. In the imaging device described in Patent Literature 1, at the time of rotation of the manipulation ring, a rotation direction and a rotation amount of the manipulation ring are detected by a detection unit, a drive motor (an actuator) is controlled by a control circuit on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit, and the optical element is moved in an optical axis direction by the drive force of the drive motor. At this time, the optical element is moved in a direction corresponding to a preset direction. 
     For example, in a case where a moving direction of the optical element is set to be a direction from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side when the manipulation ring is rotated in the clockwise direction by manipulating the direction changeover switch, when the detection unit detects that the manipulation ring is rotated in the clockwise direction, the control circuit controls the drive motor to move the optical element from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side, and the optical element is moved from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side. On the other hand, when the detection unit detects that the manipulation ring is rotated in the counterclockwise direction, the control circuit controls the drive motor to move the optical element from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side, and the optical element is moved from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side. 
     In this manner, by changing over an operation direction of the optical element with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring, a function corresponding to the intention of a user can be executed, and high operability regarding the manipulation ring can be ensured. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     Patent Literature 1: JP H6-289475A 
     DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     Nevertheless, the imaging device described in Patent Literature 1 has a configuration in which a rotation direction and the like of the manipulation ring are detected by the detection unit and the drive motor is controlled on the basis of the detection result of the detection unit. 
     Thus, because the detection unit&#39;s detection of a rotational manipulation of the manipulation ring and the control of the drive motor that corresponds to the detection result of the detection unit are successively performed, there is a possibility that a delay in control occurs. When such a delay occurs, there is concern that the movement of the optical element does not follow a manipulation performed on the manipulation ring that is performed by the user, and a decline in operability is caused. 
     In view of the foregoing, the present technology optical element driving device, an interchangeable lens, and an imaging device aim to overcome the above-described shortcomings and ensure high operability regarding a manipulation ring, without causing a decline in functionality. 
     Solution to Problem 
     First, an optical element driving device according to the present technology includes: an interlock member configured to be operated by rotational force of a rotationally-manipulated manipulation ring, and operate an optical element by transmitting rotational force of the manipulation ring to the optical element. A changeover mechanism configured to change over an operation direction of the optical element with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring is provided at least on the interlock member. 
     With this configuration, an operation direction of the optical element with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring is changed over by the changeover mechanism, and the optical element is operated by the rotational force of the manipulation ring that is transmitted by the interlock member. 
     Second, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that settings of an operation mode in which the optical element is operated by rotating the manipulation ring, and a changeover transition mode in which an operation direction of the optical element is changed over by rotating the manipulation ring are enabled, and a mode change switch configured to perform changing between the operation mode and the changeover transition mode is provided. 
     With this configuration, mode changing between the operation mode and the changeover transition mode is performed by manipulating the mode change switch. 
     Third, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that the manipulation ring includes an external ring and an internal ring positioned on an inside of the external ring, the external ring and the internal ring are made integrally rotatable in the operation mode, and by the external ring being rotated with respect to the internal ring in the changeover transition mode, the changeover mechanism is operated. 
     With this configuration, a rotation state of the external ring with respect to the internal ring is changed by manipulating the mode change switch and an operation state of the changeover mechanism is changed. 
     Fourth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that the internal ring is made movable between a first position and a second position in a direction different from the rotation direction with respect to the external ring in the changeover transition mode, and an operation direction of the optical element is changed over in accordance with a movement position of the internal ring. 
     With this configuration, an operation direction of the optical element is changed over by the internal ring being moved to the first position or the second position. 
     Fifth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that a cam groove is formed in one of the external ring and the internal ring, and a cam pin to be slidably engaged with the cam groove is provided on another one thereof, and the internal ring is moved between the first position and the second position by a change in position of the cam pin with respect to the cam groove that is caused by rotation of the external ring with respect to the internal ring. 
     With this configuration, by the external ring being rotated with respect to the internal ring and a position of the cam pin with respect to the cam groove being changed, the internal ring is moved to the first position or the second position. 
     Sixth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that a fixing member that includes a reverse gear and is configured to rotatably support the interlock member is provided, a transmission gear that can be meshed with the reverse gear is formed on the manipulation ring, the manipulation ring and the interlock member are rotated in opposite directions in a state in which the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear, and the manipulation ring and the interlock member are rotated in a same direction in a state in which the transmission gear is not meshed with the reverse gear. 
     With this configuration, between a state in which the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear and a state in which the transmission gear is not meshed with the reverse gear, rotation directions of the interlock member with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring are made opposite directions. 
     Seventh, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that the interlock member is provided with an interlock pin that can be coupled with the manipulation ring, the interlock member is rotated integrally with the manipulation ring in a state in which the interlock pin is coupled with the manipulation ring, and the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear in a state in which coupling of the interlock pin with the manipulation ring is released. 
     With this configuration, between a state in which the interlock pin is coupled to the manipulation ring and a state in which coupling of the interlock pin with the manipulation ring is released and the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear, rotation directions of the interlock member with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring are made opposite directions. 
     Eighth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that a driving gear meshed with the reverse gear is formed on the interlock member, and the rotational force of the manipulation ring is transmitted to the interlock member via the transmission gear and the reverse gear in a state in which the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear. 
     With this configuration, in a state in which the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear and the driving gear is meshed with the reverse gear, the rotational force of the manipulation ring is transmitted to the interlock member via the transmission gear and the reverse gear. 
     Ninth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that the transmission gear is formed into a shape extending in the rotation direction, and the transmission gear is positioned on an outside of the driving gear in a state in which the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear. 
     With this configuration, in a state in which the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear and the driving gear is meshed with the reverse gear, the transmission gear formed into a ring shape is positioned on the outside of the driving gear. 
     Tenth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that the optical element is made operable in a first direction and a second direction which are opposite to each other, by the manipulation ring being rotated in one direction in a first rotational manipulation range, the optical element is operated in the first direction, and by the manipulation ring being rotated in another direction in the first rotational manipulation range, the optical element is operated in the second direction, and by the manipulation ring being rotated in one direction in a second rotational manipulation range, the optical element is operated in the second direction, and by the manipulation ring being rotated in another direction in the second rotational manipulation range, the optical element is operated in the first direction. 
     With this configuration, by the manipulation ring being rotated in different rotational manipulation ranges, the optical element is operated in opposite directions. 
     Eleventh, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that, on the manipulation ring, calibrations indicating the first rotational manipulation range and the second rotational manipulation range are added at positions distant in the rotation direction. 
     With this configuration, calibrations indicating the respective rotational manipulation ranges are present at positions distant in the rotation direction. 
     Twelfth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that the manipulation ring is made rotatable in a first rotation direction and a second rotation direction which are opposite to each other, the optical element is made operable in a first direction and a second direction which are opposite to each other, changeover between a first operation mode and a second operation mode is performed by the changeover mechanism, in the first operation mode, the optical element is operated in the first direction when the manipulation ring is rotated in the first rotation direction, and the optical element is operated in the second direction when the manipulation ring is rotated in the second rotation direction, and in the second operation mode, the optical element is operated in the second direction when the manipulation ring is rotated in the first rotation direction, and the optical element is operated in the first direction when the manipulation ring is rotated in the second rotation direction. 
     With this configuration, between the first operation mode and the second operation mode, the optical element is operated in opposite directions with respect to the same rotation direction of the manipulation ring. 
     Thirteenth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that a lens or a lens group is provided as the optical element, a shooting state of a moving image is set as the first operation mode, and a shooting state of a still image is set as the second operation mode. 
     With this configuration, between a still image shooting time and a moving image shooting time, the optical element is moved in opposite directions. 
     Fourteenth, the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that changeover between a manual state in which the optical element is operated by a manual rotational manipulation of the manipulation ring, and an automatic state in which the optical element is operated by drive force generated by a drive motor is enabled, a detection unit configured to detect the first operation mode and the second operation mode is provided, and an operation speed of the optical element in the automatic state is controlled on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit. 
     With this configuration, in the first operation mode and the second operation mode, it becomes possible to perform optimum control in the automatic state regarding operation speeds of the optical element and a focus lens group. 
     Fifteenth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that changeover between a manual state in which the optical element is operated by a manual rotational manipulation of the manipulation ring, and an automatic state in which the optical element is operated by drive force generated by a drive motor is enabled, a zooming lens or lens group is provided as the optical element, a detection unit configured to detect the first operation mode and the second operation mode is provided, and control of causing the first operation mode to decline in an operation speed of the optical element in the automatic state, with respect to that in the second operation mode is performed on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit. 
     With this configuration, control of causing the first operation mode to decline in the operation speed of the optical element, with respect to that in the second operation mode is performed, and it becomes possible to ensure a high quality shot image in a shooting state of a moving image and it becomes possible to ensure a prompt shooting chance in a shooting state of a still image. 
     Sixteenth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that changeover between a manual state in which the optical element is operated by a manual rotational manipulation of the manipulation ring, and an automatic state in which the optical element is operated by drive force generated by a drive motor is enabled, a focusing lens or lens group is provided as the optical element, a detection unit configured to detect the first operation mode and the second operation mode is provided, and control of causing the first operation mode to decline in an operation speed of the optical element in the automatic state, with respect to that in the second operation mode is performed on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit. 
     With this configuration, control of causing the first operation mode to decline in the operation speed of the focus lens group, with respect to that in the second operation mode is performed, and it becomes possible to ensure a high quality shot image in a shooting state of a moving image and it becomes possible to ensure a prompt shooting chance in a shooting state of a still image. 
     Seventeenth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that changeover between a manual state in which the optical element is operated by a manual rotational manipulation of the manipulation ring, and an automatic state in which the optical element is operated by drive force generated by a drive motor is enabled, an iris blade is provided as the optical element, a detection unit configured to detect the first operation mode and the second operation mode is provided, and control of causing the first operation mode to decline in an operation speed of the optical element in the automatic state, with respect to that in the second operation mode is performed on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit. 
     With this configuration, control of causing the first operation mode to decline in the operation speed of the iris blade, with respect to that in the second operation mode is performed, and it becomes possible to ensure a high quality shot image in a shooting state of a moving image and it becomes possible to ensure a prompt shooting chance in a shooting state of a still image. 
     Eighteenth, in the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that a first operation portion configured to operate the optical element in the first operation mode and a second operation portion configured to operate the optical element in the second operation mode are formed on the interlock member. 
     With this configuration, in the first operation mode and the second operation mode, the optical element is moved in each direction by the first operation portion and the second operation portion, respectively, in accordance with a rotation direction of the interlock member. 
     Nineteenth, the optical element driving device according to the present technology described above, it is desirable that a cam ring to be rotated in a same direction as the manipulation ring is provided as the interlock member, and the first operation portion and the second operation portion are formed into symmetric shapes at a distance in a rotation direction of the interlock member. 
     With this configuration, in the first operation mode and the second operation mode, the optical element is moved in each direction by the first operation portion and the second operation portion, respectively, that are formed into symmetric shapes at a distance in the rotation direction of the interlock member. 
     Twentieth, an interchangeable lens according to the present technology includes: an optical element driving device configured to drive an optical element and arranged inside a cylindrical casing. The optical element driving device includes an interlock member configured to be operated by rotational force of a rotationally-manipulated manipulation ring, and operate the optical element by transmitting rotational force of the manipulation ring to the optical element, and a changeover mechanism configured to change over an operation direction of the optical element with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring is provided at least on the interlock member. 
     With this configuration, in the optical element driving device, an operation direction of the optical element with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring is changed over by the changeover mechanism and the optical element is operated by the rotational force of the manipulation ring that is transmitted by the interlock member. 
     Twenty-first, an imaging device according to the present technology includes: an optical element driving device configured to drive an optical element, and an image sensor configured to convert an optical image captured via an optical system into an electrical signal. The optical element driving device includes an interlock member configured to be operated by rotational force of a rotationally-manipulated manipulation ring, and operate the optical element by transmitting rotational force of the manipulation ring to the optical element, and a changeover mechanism configured to change over an operation direction of the optical element with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring is provided at least on the interlock member. 
     With this configuration, in the optical element driving device, an operation direction of the optical element with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring is changed over by the changeover mechanism and the optical element is operated by the rotational force of the manipulation ring that is transmitted by the interlock member. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     According to the present technology, because an operation direction of the optical element with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring is changed over by the changeover mechanism and the optical element is operated by the rotational force of the manipulation ring that is transmitted by the interlock member, the optical element is operated so as to follow a manipulation performed on the manipulation ring, an operation delay of the optical element rarely occurs, and high operability regarding the manipulation ring can be ensured without causing a decline in functionality. 
     Note that the effects described in this specification are merely exemplifications and are not limited, and other effects may be caused. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of the present technology optical element driving device, an interchangeable lens, and an imaging device together with  FIGS. 2 to 27 , and this drawing is a perspective view of an imaging device that illustrates an interchangeable lens and a device main body in a separated state. 
         FIG. 2  is a side view illustrating the interchangeable lens. 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view illustrating a structure of the interchangeable lens in a partially-omitted manner. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of the interchangeable lens in a partially-omitted manner. 
         FIG. 5  is a side view of a fixing member. 
         FIG. 6  is a developed view illustrating a relationship between an index portion and a mark. 
         FIG. 7  is an exploded perspective view of a second manipulation ring. 
         FIG. 8  is a side view of an internal ring. 
         FIG. 9  is a rear view of the internal ring. 
         FIG. 10  is a front view of the internal ring. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates an operation in the interchangeable lens together with  FIGS. 12 to 17 , and this drawing is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the second manipulation ring is rotated in a first operation mode. 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic diagram illustrating a state immediately before a setting from the first operation mode to a changeover transition mode is performed, subsequently to  FIG. 11 . 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which a mode change switch is manipulated and a setting from the first operation mode to the changeover transition mode is performed, subsequently to  FIG. 12 . 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the second manipulation ring is rotated in the changeover transition mode, subsequently to  FIG. 13 . 
         FIG. 15  is a schematic diagram illustrating a state immediately before a setting from the changeover transition mode to a second operation mode is performed, subsequently to  FIG. 14 . 
         FIG. 16  is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the mode change switch is manipulated and a setting from the changeover transition mode to the second operation mode is performed, subsequently to  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 17  is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the second manipulation ring is rotated in the second operation mode. 
         FIG. 18  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control system and the like. 
         FIG. 19  is a flow chart illustrating control performed in a zooming operation. 
         FIG. 20  is a flow chart illustrating control performed in a focusing operation. 
         FIG. 21  illustrates a modified example of the changeover mechanism together with  FIGS. 22 to 26 , and this drawing is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of the changeover mechanism. 
         FIG. 22  is a developed view of an interlock member. 
         FIG. 23  is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the second manipulation ring is rotated in the first operation mode. 
         FIG. 24  is a schematic diagram illustrating a state immediately before a setting from the first operation mode to the changeover transition mode is performed. 
         FIG. 25  is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the mode change switch is manipulated and a setting from the changeover transition mode to the second operation mode is performed. 
         FIG. 26  is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the second manipulation ring is rotated in the second operation mode. 
         FIG. 27  is a block diagram of the imaging device. 
     
    
    
     MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     Hereinafter, a mode for carrying out the present technology will be described with reference to the appended drawings. 
     An embodiment described below is obtained by applying the present technology imaging device to a still camera, applying the present technology interchangeable lens to an interchangeable lens detachably attached to a device main body of the still camera, and applying the present technology optical element driving device to an optical element driving device provided in the interchangeable lens. 
     Note that an application range of the present technology is not limited to a still camera, an interchangeable lens detachably attached to a device main body of the still camera, and an optical element driving device provided in the interchangeable lens detachably attached to the device main body of the still camera. The present technology can be widely applied to, for example, various kinds of imaging devices installed on a video camera or other devices as an imaging device, an interchangeable lens detachably attached to a device main body of these imaging devices, and an optical element driving device provided in the interchangeable lens detachably attached to the device main body of these imaging devices. 
     In the following description, front, back, up, down, left, and right directions are indicated in a direction viewed from a photographer at the time of shooting of a still camera. Thus, an object side becomes an anterior side and an image plane side becomes a posterior side. 
     Note that the front, back, up, down, left, and right directions are described below for the sake of convenience of the description, and in the execution of the present technology, a direction is not limited to these directions. 
     In addition, a lens group described below includes a single or a plurality of lenses, and aside from the lens group, a lens group may include the single or the plurality of lenses and other optical elements such as a diaphragm and an iris. 
     &lt;Configuration of Imaging Device&gt; 
     An imaging device  100  includes a device main body  200  and an interchangeable lens  300  (refer to  FIG. 1 ). Note that the present technology can also be applied to a type in which a lens barrel having a structure similar to an internal structure of the interchangeable lens  300  is incorporated into a device main body, and a retractable type in which the lens barrel is protruding with respect to or accommodated in a device main body. 
     The device main body  200  includes required portions arranged on the inside and outside of an outer casing  201 . 
     On the top surface and the rear surface of the outer casing  201 , for example, various kinds of manipulation portions  202 ,  202 , and so on are arranged. As the manipulation portions  202 ,  202 , and so on, for example, a power button, a shutter button, a zoom knob, a mode changeover knob, and the like are provided. 
     On the rear surface of the outer casing  201 , a display (display unit) (not illustrated) is arranged. 
     On the front surface of the outer casing  201 , a circular-shaped opening  201   a  is formed, and a circumferential portion of the opening  201   a  is provided as a mount portion  203  for attaching the interchangeable lens  300 . 
     On the inside of the outer casing  201 , an image sensor  204  such as a charge coupled device (CCD) and a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) is arranged and the image sensor  204  is positioned posteriorly to the opening  201   a.    
     &lt;Configuration of Interchangeable Lens&gt; 
     The interchangeable lens  300  is an interchangeable lens for a digital camera equipped with an interchangeable lens, for example. 
     At the rear end portion of the interchangeable lens  300 , for example, a lens mount  301  to be bayonet-coupled to the mount portion  203  of the device main body  200  is provided (refer to  FIGS. 1 and 2 ). The interchangeable lens  300  is provided with a first manipulation ring  302  functioning as a focus ring, a second manipulation ring  303  functioning as a zoom ring, and a third manipulation ring  304  functioning as an iris ring. By the first manipulation ring  302  being rotationally manipulated, manual focusing is performed, by the second manipulation ring  303  being rotationally manipulated, manual zooming is performed, and by the third manipulation ring  304  being rotationally manipulated, an iris blade (not illustrated) is operated and the adjustment of an amount of light taken into the interchangeable lens  300  is performed. 
     The interchangeable lens  300  includes a casing  305  formed into a substantially cylindrical shape and a shooting lens  306  arranged on the forefront side. The first manipulation ring  302 , the second manipulation ring  303 , and the third manipulation ring  304  are rotatably supported on an external surface side of the casing  305 , and for example, the first manipulation ring  302 , the second manipulation ring  303 , and the third manipulation ring  304  are positioned in order from the front side. 
     At a position close to the rear end of the casing  305 , a plurality of manipulation knobs  307 ,  307 , and so on are arranged at a distance in a circumferential direction. As the manipulation knobs  307 ,  307 , and so on, for example, an image stabilization knob for changing over on/off of image stabilization driving, a power zoom knob for performing zooming by motor driving, a state changeover knob for changing over a manual state and an automatic state, and the like are provided. By manipulating a mode changeover knob, for example, focusing and zooming are enabled to be performed by a manual rotational manipulation of the first manipulation ring  301  and the second manipulation ring  302 . 
     An optical element  308  is arranged inside the casing  305  (refer to  FIG. 3 ). The optical element  308  is, for example, a zoom lens or a zoom lens group, and is held by a holder  309 . In addition, other optical elements such as a focus lens group (not illustrated) and an iris blade (not illustrated) are also arranged inside the casing  305 . The holder  309  is provided with at least one cam follower  310  protruding outward. 
     The interchangeable lens  300  is provided with an optical element driving device  1  (refer to  FIGS. 3 and 4 ). The optical element driving device  1  includes a fixing member  2  and an interlock member  3 . As the fixing member  2 , for example, a fixing ring fixed on the casing  305  is used, and as the interlock member  3 , for example, a cam ring rotatable in a circumferential direction (axial rotation direction) is used. 
     In the interchangeable lens  300 , a changeover mechanism that changes over an operation direction of the optical element  308  with respect to a rotation direction of the second manipulation ring  303  and sets a first operation mode and a second operation mode, which will be described later, is provided at least on the interlock member  3 . Note that, in addition to the interlock member  3 , the changeover mechanism may also be provided on the fixing member  2  and another structural member such as each manipulation ring. 
     The fixing member  2  has an axial direction corresponding to a front-back direction, and includes a support cylindrical portion  4  formed into a substantially cylindrical shape, and a flange-shaped projecting portion  5  projecting outward from a rear end portion of the support cylindrical portion  4  (refer to  FIGS. 3 to 5 ). 
     In the support cylindrical portion  4 , an insertion hole  6  extending in the circumferential direction is formed. In the support cylindrical portion  4 , key movement grooves  7 ,  7 , and  7  are formed in the circumferential direction (refer to  FIGS. 3 and 5 ). The key movement grooves  7  include a first movement portion  7   a  extending in the circumferential direction, a translation portion  7   b  connecting to the first movement portion  7   a  and extending short in the front-back direction, and a second movement portion  7   c  connecting to the translation portion  7   b  and extending in the circumferential direction, and the translation portion  7   b  has a front end portion connected to the first movement portion  7   a  and a rear end portion connected to the second movement portion  7   c.  Thus, the first movement portion  7   a  is positioned on the front side of the second movement portion  7   c.    
     A gear support portion  8  is provided at the rear end portion of the support cylindrical portion  4 , and an arrangement hole  8   a  is formed in the gear support portion  8 . A reverse gear  9  is rotatably supported on the gear support portion  8  in a state of being arranged in the arrangement hole  8   a.    
     The projecting portion  5  has marks  5   a,    5   b,  and  5   c  arranged at a distance in the circumferential direction (refer to  FIGS. 3, 4, and 6 ). 
     In a state in which the fixing member  2  is fixed to the casing  305 , the projecting portion  5  is positioned on the front side of the third manipulation ring  304 . 
     On the outer circumferential surface side of the support cylindrical portion  4  in the fixing member  2 , the above-described second manipulation ring  303  is rotatably supported (refer to  FIGS. 3 and 4 ). The second manipulation ring  303  includes an external ring  10  and an internal ring  11  (refer to  FIGS. 3 and 7 ). 
     The external ring  10  is formed into a substantially circular ring shape, and a manipulation portion  12  is provided at a front side portion and an index portion  13  is provided at a rear side portion. An outer circumferential surface of the manipulation portion  12  is formed to have protrusions and recesses. The index portion  13  includes a first index  13   a  and a second index  13   b  (refer to  FIGS. 6 and 7 ). 
     Both of the first index  13   a  and the second index  13   b  are focal length displays, for example, and have a plurality of calibrations, and one is a focal length display in a shooting state of a moving image and the other is a focal length display in a shooting state of a still image (refer to  FIG. 6 ). In the shooting state of a moving image, a case where a mark  5   a  and a mark  5   b  respectively coincide with calibrations at both ends of the first index  13   a  corresponds to a state of a telephoto end, for example (refer to the left side in  FIG. 6 ), and in the shooting state of a still image, a case where the mark  5   b  and a mark  5   c  respectively coincide with calibrations at both ends of the second index  13   b  corresponds to a state of the telephoto end, for example (refer to the right side in  FIG. 6 ). 
     In the shooting state of a moving image, the first operation mode, which will be described later, is set, and when the second manipulation ring  303  is rotationally manipulated in a counterclockwise direction (first rotation direction) when viewed from an image plane side (photographer side), the optical element  308  is moved in a first direction directed from a wide angle side toward a telephoto side, and when the second manipulation ring  303  is rotationally manipulated in a clockwise direction (second rotation direction), the optical element  308  is moved in a second direction directed from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side. On the other hand, in the shooting state of a still image, the second operation mode, which will be described later, is set, and when the second manipulation ring  303  is rotationally manipulated in the clockwise direction when viewed from the image plane side (photographer side), the optical element  308  is moved from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side, and when the second manipulation ring  303  is rotationally manipulated in the counterclockwise direction, the optical element  308  is moved from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side. 
     On the external ring  10 , a mode change switch  14  is arranged (refer to  FIG. 7 ). A pressing manipulation of the mode change switch  14  enables setting changeover between an operation mode in which the optical element  308  is moved by the rotation of the second manipulation ring  303  and zooming is performed, and a changeover transition mode in which a moving direction of the optical element  308  is changed over by the rotation of the second manipulation ring  303 . 
     The operation mode includes, for example, the first operation mode being the shooting state of a moving image and the second operation mode being the shooting state of a still image. In the first operation mode, as described above, by rotationally manipulating the second manipulation ring  303  in the counterclockwise direction, the optical element  308  is moved from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side, and by rotationally manipulating the second manipulation ring  303  in the clockwise direction, the optical element  308  is moved from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side. In the second operation mode, as described above, by rotationally manipulating the second manipulation ring  303  in the clockwise direction, the optical element  308  is moved from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side, and by rotationally manipulating the second manipulation ring  303  in the counterclockwise direction, the optical element  308  is moved from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side. 
     The changeover transition mode is a mode set when a changeover work of changing over an operation direction of the optical element  308  with respect to the second manipulation ring  303  is performed, and by performing the changeover work in the changeover transition mode, the first operation mode and the second operation mode are changed over. 
     On an inner circumferential surface of the external ring  10 , cam pins  10   a,    10   a,  and  10   a  protruding inward are provided at a distance in the circumferential direction. 
     The internal ring  11  is formed into a substantially circular ring shape having a diameter a bit smaller than that of the external ring  10 , and is positioned on the inside of the external ring  10 . On an outer circumferential surface of the internal ring  11 , cam grooves  15 ,  15 , and  15  are formed at a distance in the circumferential direction (refer to  FIGS. 7 and 8 ). The cam grooves  15  include a first linear portion  15   a  extending in the circumferential direction, an inclined portion  15   b  connecting to the first linear portion  15   a  and being displaced forward as getting away from the first linear portion  15   a,  and a second linear portion  15   c  connecting to the inclined portion  15   b  and extending in the circumferential direction, and the first linear portion  15   a  has a length in the circumferential direction that is longer than that of the second linear portion  15   c.    
     On the outer circumferential surface of the internal ring  11 , a first lock groove  16  and a second lock groove  17  are formed at a distance in the circumferential direction (refer to  FIGS. 7 and 9 ). The first lock groove  16  and the second lock groove  17  are portions into which the mode change switch  14  arranged on the external ring  10  is to be inserted. In a state in which the mode change switch  14  is inserted into the first lock groove  16 , the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  are locked, the both rings are made integrally rotatable, and the first operation mode is set, and in a state in which the mode change switch  14  is inserted into the second lock groove  17 , the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  are locked, the both rings are made integrally rotatable, and the second operation mode is set. In a state in which the mode change switch  14  is inserted into neither of the first lock groove  16  and the second lock groove  17 , the internal ring  11  is made rotatable with respect to the external ring  10  and the changeover transition mode is set. 
     On the inner circumferential surface of the internal ring  11 , ring keys  11   a,    11   a,  and  11   a  protruding inward are provided at a distance in the circumferential direction (refer to  FIGS. 7 and 10 ). On the inner circumferential surface of the internal ring  11 , a pin engagement groove  11   b  opened inward and forward is formed. 
     The internal ring  11  is supported by the external ring  10  by the cam pins  10   a,    10   a,  and  10   a  being slidably engaged with the cam grooves  15 ,  15 , and  15 , respectively. In a state in which the internal ring  11  is supported by the external ring  10 , by the mode change switch  14  being inserted into the first lock groove  16  or the second lock groove  17 , the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  are locked and the both rings are made integrally rotatable, and by the mode change switch  14  being inserted into neither of the first lock groove  16  and the second lock groove  17 , the internal ring  11  is made movable in the circumferential direction and movable in the front-back direction with respect to the external ring  10 . 
     Note that the above description has been given of an example in which the cam pins  10   a  are provided on the external ring  10 , and the cam grooves  15  with which the cam pins  10   a  are to be engaged are formed in the internal ring  11 . In contrast, cam pins may be provided on an internal ring and cam grooves may be formed in an external ring. 
     At a position close to a rear end on the inner circumferential surface of the internal ring  11 , a circular ring-shaped transmission gear  18  serving as a rack gear or an internal gear is formed (refer to  FIG. 7 ). 
     At an outer circumferential portion in a front end portion of the internal ring  11 , a light-shielding fin  19  protruding forward is provided. The light-shielding fin  19  is formed into an arc shape. 
     In a state in which the second manipulation ring  303  is rotatably supported on the support cylindrical portion  4  of the fixing member  2 , when the internal ring  11  is moved backward with respect to the external ring  10 , the transmission gear  18  of the internal ring  11  is meshed with the reverse gear  9  of the fixing member  2 . 
     The interlock member  3  is formed into a substantially cylindrical shape having an axial direction corresponding to the front-back direction (refer to  FIGS. 3 and 4 ). Note that the interlock member  3  is not limited to a cam ring, and may be, for example, a helicoid, a cam plate, or the like. 
     The interlock member  3  is supported on the support cylindrical portion  4  of the fixing member  2  so as to be rotatable in an axial rotation direction. The interlock member  3  is positioned on an inner circumferential side of the support cylindrical portion  4 , and includes cam holes  3   a  and  3   a.  The cam hole  3   a  is inclined so as to be displaced in the front-back direction as advancing in the circumferential direction. 
     The interlock member  3  is provided with an interlock pin  20  protruding outward. At a position close to the rear end on the outer circumferential surface of the interlock member  3 , an arc-shaped driving gear  21  serving as a rack gear or an internal gear is formed. 
     In a state in which the interlock member  3  is arranged inside the support cylindrical portion  4  of the fixing member  2 , the interlock pin  20  is inserted into the insertion hole  6 . Thus, the interlock member  3  is made rotatable in the axial rotation direction with respect to the fixing member  2  in a movable range in the circumferential direction of the interlock pin  20  with respect to the insertion hole  6 , and made unmovable in the front-back direction with respect to the fixing member  2 . 
     In the interlock member  3 , the driving gear  21  is meshed with the reverse gear  9 . Thus, when the interlock member  3  is rotated in the axial rotation direction with respect to the fixing member  2 , the reverse gear  9  is rotated in a direction corresponding to the rotation direction of the interlock member  3 . 
     The interchangeable lens  300  is provided with a direct advance ring (not illustrated), and the direct advance ring is positioned on the inside of the interlock member  3 , for example. A pair of guide holes extending in the front-back direction is formed in the direct advance ring. 
     On the interlock member  3  and the direct advance ring, the holder  309  holding the optical element  308  is supported, and the cam followers  310  and  310  of the holder  309  are slidably engaged with the guide holes of the direct advance ring and the cam holes  3   a  and  3   a  of the interlock member  3 , respectively. Thus, when the interlock member  3  is rotated in the axial rotation direction with respect to the fixing member  2 , engagement positions of the cam followers  310  and  310  with respect to the cam holes  3   a  and  3   a  are changed and the cam followers  310  and  310  are guided into the guide holes, and the optical element  308  and the holder  309  are moved in the front-back direction (optical axis direction) in accordance with the rotation direction of the interlock member  3 . 
     Note that the above description has been given of an example in which the optical element  308  is guided in the front-back direction using the direct advance ring but the optical element  308  can also be configured to be moved in the following manner. For example, the direct advance ring is not provided, a guide shaft is provided on one of the fixing member  2  and the interlock member  3  and a shaft sleeve is formed on the other one thereof, and the guide shaft and the shaft sleeve are slidably engaged. The interlock member  3  is thereby guided to the fixing member  2  and the optical element  308  is moved in the front-back direction (optical axis direction). 
     The interchangeable lens  300  is provided with a detection unit  22  (refer to  FIG. 3 ). As the detection unit  22 , for example, a photointerrupter is used. The detection unit  22  is fixed on the inner circumferential surface of the casing  305 , for example. In a state in which the internal ring  11  is not moved backward with respect to the external ring  10 , the light-shielding fin  19  provided on the internal ring  11  is positioned on the inside of the detection unit  22  in state of being partially inserted. 
     &lt;Operation in Interchangeable Lens&gt; 
     Hereinafter, an operation performed when the second manipulation ring  303  is rotationally manipulated in the interchangeable lens  300  will be described (refer to  FIGS. 11 to 17 ). Note that  FIGS. 11 to 17  are diagrams conceptually illustrating a positional relationship between portions, and the like for facilitating the understanding of an operation in the interchangeable lens  300 . 
     In the interchangeable lens  300 , as described above, the settings of the operation mode in which the optical element  308  is moved by the rotation of the second manipulation ring  303  and zooming is performed, and the changeover transition mode in which a moving direction of the optical element  308  is changed over by the rotation of the second manipulation ring  303  are enabled. 
     The operation mode includes the first operation mode being a shooting state of a moving image and the second operation mode being a shooting state of a still image. 
     Hereinafter, an operation performed when changeover between the first operation mode and the second operation mode is performed in the changeover transition mode will be mainly described. 
     In the operation mode, for example, in the first operation mode, the mode change switch  14  arranged on the external ring  10  is inserted into the first lock groove  16  formed in the internal ring  11  (refer to  FIG. 11 ). Thus, the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  are locked and brought into an integrally-rotatable state. 
     The interlock member  3  is engaged by the interlock pin  20  inserted into the insertion hole  6  of the fixing member  2  being inserted into the pin engagement groove  11   b  of the internal ring  11 , and brought into a state of being rotatable integrally with the internal ring  11 . Thus, in the first operation mode, the external ring  10 , the internal ring  11 , and the interlock member  3  are brought into an integrally-rotatable state. 
     At this time, the cam pins  10   a,    10   a,  and  10   a  of the external ring  10  are respectively engaged with the first linear portions  15   a,    15   a,  and  15   a  of the cam grooves  15 ,  15 , and  15  formed in the internal ring  11 . Thus, the internal ring  11  is positioned at an anterior movement end (first position) and the transmission gear  18  is brought into a state of being not meshed with the reverse gear  9  of the fixing member  2 . 
     The ring keys  11   a ,  11   a , and  11   a  of the internal ring  11  are respectively engaged with the first movement portions  7   a,    7   a,  and  7   a  of the key movement grooves  7 ,  7 , and  7  formed in the fixing member  2 . 
     Because the internal ring  11  is positioned at the anterior movement end, the light-shielding fin  19  provided on the internal ring  11  is partially positioned on the inside of the detection unit  22 . Because the light-shielding fin  19  is partially positioned on the inside of the detection unit  22 , it is detected by the detection unit  22  that the first operation mode in which the internal ring  11  is positioned at the anterior movement end is set. 
     In the above-described first operation mode, when the external ring  10  is rotationally manipulated in a first direction (an R 1  direction illustrated in  FIGS. 11  and the like), the external ring  10 , the internal ring  11 , and the interlock member  3  are integrally rotated. At this time, for performing changeover between the first operation mode and the second operation mode, the external ring  10  is rotated up to a first telephoto end index position, for example (refer to  FIG. 12 ). When the interlock member  3  is rotated integrally with the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11 , the interlock pin  20  of the interlock member  3  is moved in the insertion hole  6 . For example, the first telephoto end index position is a position at which the mark  5   a  and the mark  5   b  added to the projecting portion  5  of the fixing member  2  coincide with the calibrations at both ends of the first index  13   a.    
     In a state in which the external ring  10  is rotated up to the first telephoto end index position, the cam pin  10   a  remains engaged with the first linear portion  15   a  of the cam groove  15 . In addition, the ring key  11   a  of the internal ring  11  is moved from the first movement portion  7   a  of the key movement groove  7  to the translation portion  7   b.  Thus, the ring key  11   a  is brought into a state of being slidable in the translation portion  7   b,  and the internal ring  11  is brought into a state of being movable backward with respect to the external ring  10 . 
     At the first telephoto end index position, the interlock pin  20  is brought into a state of being in contact with an opening rim of the insertion hole  6  and brought into a state of being not further rotatable in the R 1  direction. 
     In a state in which the external ring  10  is rotated up to the first telephoto end index position, the mode change switch  14  is manipulated. By the mode change switch  14  being manipulated, the mode change switch  14  is pulled out from the first lock groove  16  and a locked state of the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  is released. By the mode change switch  14  being manipulated and the locked state of the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  being released, the changeover transition mode is set from the first operation mode. 
     When the external ring  10  is continuously rotationally manipulated in the R 1  direction in a state in which locking of the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  that is performed by the mode change switch  14  is released, the external ring  10  is rotated with respect to the internal ring  11  (refer to  FIG. 13 ). At this time, because the interlock pin  20  is engaged with the pin engagement groove  11   b  of the internal ring  11 , the interlock member  3  is not rotated in the R 1  direction and brought into a stopped state together with the internal ring  11 . Thus, the cam pin  10   a  of the external ring  10  is moved in the first linear portion  15   a  of the cam groove  15  toward the inclined portion  15   b.    
     When the external ring  10  is further rotated in the R 1  direction, the cam pin  10   a  reaches the inclined portion  15   b  from the first linear portion  15   a  of the cam groove  15  and the internal ring  11  is moved backward with respect to the external ring  10  (refer to  FIG. 14 ). At the same time, the ring key  11   a  of the internal ring  11  is moved in the translation portion  7   b  toward the second movement portion  7   c.    
     Subsequently, when the external ring  10  is rotated in the R 1  direction, the cam pin  10   a  reaches the second linear portion  15   c  from the inclined portion  15   b  of the cam groove  15  and the internal ring  11  is moved up to a posterior movement end (second position) (refer to  FIG. 15 ). At the same time, the ring key  11   a  of the internal ring  11  is moved from the translation portion  7   b  to the second movement portion  7   c.    
     When the internal ring  11  is moved up to the posterior movement end, the interlock pin  20  of the interlock member  3  is relatively pulled out toward the front side from the pin engagement groove  11   b  and the interlock member  3  is brought into a state of being rotatable with respect to the internal ring  11 . At this time, in the internal ring  11  moved up to the posterior movement end, the transmission gear  18  is meshed with the reverse gear  9  of the fixing member  2 . Thus, the transmission gear  18  and the driving gear  21  of the interlock member  3  enter states of being meshed with the reverse gear  9  from opposite sides, and the internal ring  11  and the interlock member  3  are brought into states of being rotatable in opposite directions. 
     The external ring  10  is further rotated in the R 1  direction up to a second telephoto end index position (refer to  FIG. 16 ). For example, the second telephoto end index position is a position at which the mark  5   b  and the mark  5   c  added to the projecting portion  5  of the fixing member  2  coincide with the calibrations at both ends of the second index  13   b.  In a state in which the external ring  10  is rotated up to the second telephoto end index position, the mode change switch  14  coincides with the second lock groove  17  of the internal ring  11  in a radial direction. 
     In a state in which the external ring  10  is rotated up to the second telephoto end index position, the mode change switch  14  is manipulated. By the mode change switch  14  being manipulated, the mode change switch  14  is inserted into the second lock groove  17 . Thus, the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  are locked again and brought into an integrally-rotatable state again. At this time, as described above, the interlock pin  20  is pulled out from the pin engagement groove  11   b  and the interlock member  3  is not rotated integrally with the internal ring  11 , and the internal ring  11  and the interlock member  3  are brought into states of being rotatable in opposite directions. 
     By the mode change switch  14  being manipulated and the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  being locked, the second operation mode is set from the changeover transition mode. 
     At this time, as described above, because the internal ring  11  is moved up to the posterior movement end, the light-shielding fin  19  that had been partially positioned on the inside of the detection unit  22  is pulled out from the detection unit  22  and the light-shielding fin  19  is no longer positioned on the inside of the detection unit  22 . It is thereby detected by the detection unit  22  that the second operation mode in which the internal ring  11  is positioned at the posterior movement end is set. 
     When the external ring  10  is rotationally manipulated in the R 1  direction in the second operation mode, the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  are integrally rotated and the interlock member  3  is rotated in a direction opposite to the internal ring  11  (an R 2  direction illustrated in  FIGS. 17  and the like) in accordance with the rotation of the internal ring  11  (refer to  FIG. 17 ). At this time, the ring key  11   a  of the internal ring  11  is moved in the second movement portion  7   c  of the key movement groove  7 . 
     As described above, when the external ring  10  is rotated in the first operation mode, the external ring  10 , the internal ring  11 , and the interlock member  3  are integrally rotated in the same direction, and when the external ring  10  is rotated in the second operation mode, the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  are integrally rotated in the same direction and the interlock member  3  is rotated in a direction opposite to the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11 . Thus, between the first operation mode and the second operation mode, the interlock member  3  is rotated in opposite directions with respect to a rotation direction of the external ring  10 . 
     In this manner, in the interchangeable lens  300 , between the first operation mode and the second operation mode, rotation directions of the interlock member  3  with respect to a rotation direction of the external ring  10  are made opposite directions. 
     Thus, in a shooting state of a moving image in which the first operation mode is set, for example, when the second manipulation ring  303  (the external ring  10 ) is rotationally manipulated in the counterclockwise direction (first rotation direction) when viewed from an image plane side (photographer side), the interlock member  3  is rotated in the counterclockwise direction and the optical element  308  is moved in the first direction directed from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side, and when the second manipulation ring  303  is rotationally manipulated in the clockwise direction (second rotation direction), the interlock member  3  is rotated in the clockwise direction and the optical element  308  is moved in the second direction directed from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side. 
     The rotation of the second manipulation ring  303  in the first operation mode is performed in a range in which the mark  5   b  added to the projecting portion  5  of the fixing member  2  is moved in an existence region of the first index  13   a,  and the rotation range of the second manipulation ring  303  is regarded as a first rotational manipulation range. 
     On the other hand, in a shooting state of a still image in which the second operation mode is set, when the second manipulation ring  303  (the external ring  10 ) is rotationally manipulated in the clockwise direction when viewed from an image plane side (photographer side), the interlock member  3  is rotated in the counterclockwise direction and the optical element  308  is moved from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side, and when the second manipulation ring  303  is rotationally manipulated in the counterclockwise direction, the interlock member  3  is rotated in the clockwise direction and the optical element  308  is moved from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side. 
     The rotation of the second manipulation ring  303  in the second operation mode is performed in a range in which the mark  5   b  added to the projecting portion  5  of the fixing member  2  is moved in an existence region of the second index  13   b,  and the rotation range of the second manipulation ring  303  is regarded as a second rotational manipulation range. Thus, the first rotational manipulation range being a rotation range of the second manipulation ring  303  in the first operation mode and the second rotational manipulation range being a rotation range of the second manipulation ring  303  in the second operation mode are set to different ranges that do not overlap each other. 
     The changeover from the second operation mode to the first operation mode is performed by an operation opposite to the above-described changeover operation from the first operation mode to the second operation mode. The details of the changeover operation from the second operation mode to the first operation mode will be omitted. The changeover to the first operation mode can be performed by rotating the external ring  10  up to the second telephoto end index position in the second operation mode, manipulating the mode change switch  14 , releasing locking of the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11 , setting the changeover transition mode, and subsequently rotating the external ring  10  in the R 2  direction up to the first telephoto end index position, manipulating the mode change switch  14 , and locking the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  again. 
     Note that the above description has been given of an example in which, in the first operation mode, the optical element  308  is moved in the first direction by a rotational manipulation in the counterclockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  303  and the optical element  308  is moved in the second direction by a rotational manipulation in the clockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  303 , and in the second operation mode, the optical element  308  is moved in the second direction by a rotational manipulation in the counterclockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  303  and the optical element  308  is moved in the first direction by a rotational manipulation in the clockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  303 . 
     Nevertheless, in the interchangeable lens  300 , the optical element  308  may be configured to be moved in the following manner. In the first operation mode, the optical element  308  is moved in the second direction by a rotational manipulation in the counterclockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  303  and the optical element  308  is moved in the first direction by a rotational manipulation in the clockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  303 , and in the second operation mode, the optical element  308  is moved in the first direction by a rotational manipulation in the counterclockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  303  and the optical element  308  is moved in the second direction by a rotational manipulation in the clockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  303 . 
     In addition, the above description has been given of an example in which, by the second manipulation ring  303  functioning as a zoom ring being rotationally operated, a moving direction of the optical element  308  with respect to a rotation direction of the second manipulation ring  303  is changed over. Nevertheless, a manipulation ring is not limited to the second manipulation ring  303 , and for example, also in another manipulation ring provided in the interchangeable lens  300 , such as the first manipulation ring  302  functioning as a focus ring and the third manipulation ring  304  functioning as an iris ring, an optical element can also be configured to be changed over in a moving direction with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring, by a mechanism similar to the above. 
     As described above, in the interchangeable lens  300 , the second manipulation ring  303  includes the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  positioned on the inside of the external ring  10 , the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  are made integrally rotatable in the operation mode, and the changeover mechanism is operated by the external ring  10  being rotated with respect to the internal ring  11  in the changeover transition mode. 
     Thus, because a rotation state of the external ring  10  with respect to the internal ring  11  is changed and an operation state of the changeover mechanism is changed by manipulating the mode change switch  14 , mode changing between the operation mode and the changeover transition mode can be performed using a simple mechanism. 
     In addition, in the changeover transition mode, the internal ring  11  is made movable between the first position and the second position in the front-back direction, which is a direction different from a rotation direction, with respect to the external ring  10 , and an operation direction of the optical element  308  is changed over in accordance with a movement position of the internal ring  11 . 
     Thus, because an operation direction of the optical element  308  is changed over by the internal ring  11  being moved to the first position or the second position, an operation direction of the optical element  308  can be changed over using a simple mechanism. 
     Furthermore, the cam groove  15  is formed in one of the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11 , and the cam pin  10   a  to be slidably engaged with the cam groove  15  is provided on the other one thereof, and the internal ring  11  is moved between the first position and the second position by a change in position of the cam pin  10   a  with respect to the cam groove  15  that is caused by the rotation of the external ring  10  with respect to the internal ring  11 . 
     Thus, because the internal ring  11  is moved to the first position or the second position by the external ring  10  being rotated with respect to the internal ring  11  and a position of the cam pin  10   a  with respect to the cam groove  15  being changed, the internal ring  11  can be moved using a simple mechanism. 
     Furthermore, in addition, the transmission gear  18  that can be meshed with the reverse gear  9  is formed on the second manipulation ring  303 , the second manipulation ring  303  and the interlock member  3  are rotated in opposite directions in a state in which the transmission gear  18  is meshed with the reverse gear  9 , and the second manipulation ring  303  and the interlock member  3  are rotated in the same direction in a state in which the transmission gear  18  is not meshed with the reverse gear  9 . 
     Thus, because rotation directions of the interlock member  3  with respect to a rotation direction of the second manipulation ring  303  are made opposite directions between a state in which the transmission gear  18  is meshed with the reverse gear  9  and a state in which the transmission gear  18  is not meshed with the reverse gear  9 , an operation direction of the optical element  308  can be changed over using a simple mechanism. 
     In addition, the interlock pin  20  that can be coupled with the second manipulation ring  303  is provided on the interlock member  3 , the interlock member  3  is rotated integrally with the second manipulation ring  303  in a state in which the interlock pin  20  is coupled with the second manipulation ring  303 , and the transmission gear  18  is meshed with the reverse gear  9  in a state in which the coupling of the interlock pin  20  with the second manipulation ring  303  is released. 
     Thus, because rotation directions of the interlock member  3  with respect to a rotation direction of the second manipulation ring  303  are made opposite directions between a state in which the interlock pin  20  is coupled with the second manipulation ring  303  and a state in which the coupling of the interlock pin  20  with the second manipulation ring  303  is released and the transmission gear  18  is meshed with the reverse gear  9 , an operation direction of the optical element  308  can be changed over using a simple mechanism 
     Furthermore, the driving gear  21  meshed with the reverse gear  9  is formed on the interlock member  3 , and rotational force of the second manipulation ring  303  is transmitted to the interlock member  3  via the transmission gear  18  and the reverse gear  9  in a state in which the transmission gear  18  is meshed with the reverse gear  9 . 
     Thus, because rotational force of the second manipulation ring  303  is transmitted to the interlock member  3  via the transmission gear  18  and the reverse gear  9  in a state in which the transmission gear  18  is meshed with the reverse gear  9  and the driving gear  21  is meshed with the reverse gear  9 , the interlock member  3  can be surely rotated by the rotation of the second manipulation ring  303  using a simple mechanism. 
     Furthermore, in addition, the transmission gear  18  is formed into a shape extending in a rotation direction, and the transmission gear  18  is positioned on the outside of the driving gear  21  in a state in which the transmission gear  18  is meshed with the reverse gear  9 . 
     Thus, because the transmission gear  18  formed into a ring shape is positioned on the outside of the driving gear  21  in a state in which the transmission gear  18  is meshed with the reverse gear  9  and the driving gear  21  is meshed with the reverse gear  9 , the interlock member  3  can be surely rotated by the rotation of the second manipulation ring  303  while ensuring downsizing. 
     &lt;Control Example in Interchangeable Lens&gt; 
     In the interchangeable lens  300 , for example, the following control is performed in an automatic state. Note that, as described above, the automatic state can be set by manipulating the state changeover knob being one of the manipulation knobs  307 , and changeover between a manual state and the automatic state is performed using the state changeover knob. 
     The control in the automatic state is performed on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit  22  that detects the existence or non-existence of the light-shielding fin  19  of the internal ring  11 . As described above, the detection unit  22  detects that the first operation mode is set, when the light-shielding fin  19  is partially positioned on the inside of the detection unit  22 , and detects that the second operation mode is set, when the light-shielding fin  19  is not positioned on the inside of the detection unit  22 . 
     The interchangeable lens  300  is provided with a control microcomputer  400  that executes overall control, and the control microcomputer  400  includes a zoom control unit  401  and a focus control unit  402  (refer to  FIG. 18 ). 
     In the automatic state, the optical element  308  serving as a zoom lens group is moved in an optical axis direction by a zooming motor  501 , and a focus lens group is moved in the optical axis direction by a focusing motor  502 . The zooming motor  501  is controlled by the zoom control unit  401  and the focusing motor  502  is controlled by the focus control unit  402 . 
     When a detection signal is input to the control microcomputer  400  on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit  22 , the zoom control unit  401  and the focus control unit  402  are operated on the basis of the detection signal, the zooming motor  501  is controlled by the zoom control unit  401 , and the focusing motor  502  is controlled by the focus control unit  402 . 
     In a zooming operation, the following control is performed (refer to  FIG. 19 ). 
     When a detection signal is input to the control microcomputer  400  on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit  22 , the control microcomputer  400  determines whether the first operation mode is set or not. 
     When the control microcomputer  400  determines that the first operation mode being a shooting state of a moving image is set, control of a low-speed servo setting is performed by the zoom control unit  401  and a rotational speed of the zooming motor  501  is set to a speed lower than a reference speed. 
     On the other hand, when the control microcomputer  400  does not determine that the first operation mode is set, control of a high-speed servo setting is performed by the zoom control unit  401  and a rotational speed of the zooming motor  501  is set to a speed higher than the reference speed. Note that a mode set when the control microcomputer  400  does not determine that the first operation mode is set is a state in which the second operation mode being a shooting state of a still image is set. 
     When a zooming operation is to be performed in a shooting state of a moving image, it is generally desirable to perform a field angle change at low speed for ensuring a high quality shot image, and when a zooming operation is to be performed in a shooting state of a still image, it is generally desirable to perform a field angle change at high speed for ensuring a prompt shooting chance. 
     Thus, in a zooming operation, by the above-described control on the zooming motor  501 , control of causing the first operation mode to decline in the operation speed of the optical element  308 , with respect to that in the second operation mode is performed, and it becomes possible to ensure a high quality shot image in a shooting state of a moving image and it becomes possible to ensure a prompt shooting chance in a shooting state of a still image, so that enhancement in functionality in zooming can be achieved. 
     In a focusing operation, the following control is performed (refer to  FIG. 20 ). 
     When a detection signal is input to the control microcomputer  400  on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit  22 , the control microcomputer  400  determines whether the first operation mode is set or not. 
     When the control microcomputer  400  determines that the first operation mode being a shooting state of a moving image is set, control of a low-speed setting is performed by the focus control unit  402 , and a rotational speed of the focusing motor  502  is set to a low speed, for example, a maximum speed is set to a low speed. 
     On the other hand, when the control microcomputer  400  does not determine that the first operation mode is set, control of a high-speed servo setting is performed by the focus control unit  402 , and a rotational speed of the focusing motor  502  is set to a high speed, for example, a maximum speed is set to a high speed. Note that a mode set when the control microcomputer  400  does not determine that the first operation mode is set is a state in which the second operation mode being a shooting state of a still image is set. 
     When a focusing operation is to be performed in a shooting state of a moving image, it is generally desirable to perform focusing at low speed for reducing out of focus and ensuring a high quality shot image, and when a focusing operation is to be performed in a shooting state of a still image, it is generally desirable to perform focusing at high speed for ensuring a prompt shooting chance. 
     Thus, in a focusing operation, by the above-described control on the focusing motor  502 , control of causing the first operation mode to decline in the operation speed of the focus lens group, with respect to that in the second operation mode is performed, and it becomes possible to ensure a high quality shot image in a shooting state of a moving image and it becomes possible to ensure a prompt shooting chance in a shooting state of a still image, so that enhancement in functionality in focusing can be achieved. 
     As described above, in the interchangeable lens  300 , the detection unit  22  that detects the first operation mode and the second operation mode is provided, and on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit  22 , respective operation speeds of the optical element  308  serving as a zoom lens group and a focus lens group are controlled in the automatic state. 
     Thus, in the first operation mode and the second operation mode, it becomes possible to perform optimum control in the automatic state regarding the operation speeds of the optical element  308  and the focus lens group, so that enhancement in functionality can be achieved. 
     Note that the above description has been given of a control example regarding a zooming operation and a focusing operation, but the above-described control can also be applied to an operation of an iris blade. In this case, for example, control of causing the first operation mode to decline in the operation speed of the iris blade, with respect to the in the second operation mode is performed. 
     Thus, it becomes possible to ensure a high quality shot image in a shooting state of a moving image and it becomes possible to ensure a prompt shooting chance in a shooting state of a still image, so that enhancement in functionality in an operation regarding an amount of light taken into the interchangeable lens  300  can be achieved. 
     &lt;Modified Example of Optical Element Driving Device&gt; 
     Next, a modified example of the optical element driving device  1  including a changeover mechanism for performing changeover between the first operation mode and the second operation mode will be described (refer to  FIGS. 21 to 26 ). Note that  FIGS. 21 to 26  are diagrams conceptually illustrating a positional relationship between portions, and the like for facilitating the understanding of an operation in the modified example. 
     The optical element driving device  31  according to the modified example includes a fixing member  32  and an interlock member  33 . As the fixing member  32 , for example, a fixing ring fixed on the casing  305  is used, and as the interlock member  33 , for example, a cam ring rotatable in a circumferential direction (axial rotation direction) is used (refer to  FIG. 21 ). 
     In the interchangeable lens  300 , a changeover mechanism that changes over an operation direction of the optical element  308  with respect to a rotation direction of the second manipulation ring  333  and sets a first operation mode and a second operation mode, is provided at least on the interlock member  33 . Note that, in addition to the interlock member  33 , the changeover mechanism may also be provided on the fixing member  32  and another structural member such as each manipulation ring. 
     On a projecting portion  35  of the fixing member  32 , a first lock portion  35   a  and a second lock portion  35   b  are formed at a distance in the circumferential direction. The projecting portion  35  has at least a mark  5   b.    
     The second manipulation ring  333  is formed into a substantially circular ring shape, and does not have a dual structure of the external ring  10  and the internal ring  11  as in the second manipulation ring  303 . In the second manipulation ring  333 , a pin coupling groove  333   a  is formed. 
     On the second manipulation ring  333 , a mode change switch  44  is arranged. A pressing manipulation of the mode change switch  44  enables the settings of an operation mode in which the optical element  308  is moved by the rotation of the second manipulation ring  333  and zooming is performed, and a changeover transition mode in which a moving direction of the optical element  308  is changed over by the rotation of the second manipulation ring  333 . 
     By being manipulated, the mode change switch  44  is moved between a lockable position at which the mode change switch  44  can be engaged with the first lock portion  35   a  or the second lock portion  35   b  of the fixing member  32 , and an unlocked position at which the mode change switch  44  is engaged with neither of the first lock portion  35   a  and the second lock portion  35   b.    
     The interlock member  33  includes cam holes  60  and  60  (only one cam hole  60  is illustrated in  FIGS. 21  and the like.). The cam hole  60  includes a first operation portion  60   a , a transition portion  60   b,  and a second operation portion  60   c  that are continuously formed in the circumferential direction (refer to  FIG. 22 ). The first operation portion  60   a  is formed into a curve inclined so as to be displaced forward as getting close to the transition portion  60   b,  the transition portion  60   b  is formed into a straight line extending in the circumferential direction, and the second operation portion  60   c  is formed into a curve inclined so as to be displaced backward as getting away from the transition portion  60   b.    
     The first operation portion  60   a  and the second operation portion  60   c  are formed into symmetric shapes at a distance in the circumferential direction (rotation direction). 
     The interlock member  33  is provided with an interlock pin  50  protruding outward. The interlock member  33  is engaged by the interlock pin  50  being inserted into the pin coupling groove  333   a  of the second manipulation ring  333 . Thus, the interlock member  33  is rotated always integrally with the second manipulation ring  333 . 
     The interchangeable lens  300  is provided with a direct advance ring (not illustrated) and the direct advance ring is positioned on the inside of the interlock member  33 , for example. A pair of guide holes extending in the front-back direction is formed in the direct advance ring. Note that the optical element  308  can also be configured to be moved in the following manner. 
     For example, the direct advance ring is not provided, a guide shaft is provided on one of the fixing member  32  and the interlock member  33  and a shaft sleeve is formed on the other one thereof, and the guide shaft and the shaft sleeve are slidably engaged. The interlock member  33  is thereby guided to the fixing member  32  and the optical element  308  is moved in the front-back direction (optical axis direction). 
     On the interlock member  33  and the direct advance ring, the holder  309  holding the optical element  308  is supported, and the cam followers  310  and  310  of the holder  309  are slidably engaged with the guide holes of the direct advance ring and the cam holes  60  and  60  of the interlock member  33 , respectively. Thus, when the interlock member  33  is rotated in the axial rotation direction integrally with the second manipulation ring  333 , engagement positions of the cam followers  310  and  310  with respect to the cam holes  60  and  60  are changed and the cam followers  310  and  310  are guided into the guide holes, and the optical element  308  and the holder  309  are moved in the front-back direction (optical axis direction) in accordance with the rotation direction of the interlock member  33 . 
     Note that the second manipulation ring  333  is provided with a light-shielding fin (not illustrated) similar to the light-shielding fin  19  provided on the internal ring  11 . 
     In the first operation mode, the mode change switch  44  is at the lockable position and the cam followers  310  and  310  of the holder  309  holding the optical element  308  are slidably engaged with the first operation portions  60   a  and  60   a  of the cam holes  60  and  60 , respectively (refer to  FIGS. 23 and 24 ). 
     In the first operation mode, when the interlock member  33  is rotated in accordance with the rotation of the second manipulation ring  333 , positions of the cam followers  310  with respect to the first operation portions  60   a  are changed, and the optical element  308  is moved in the optical axis direction. 
     By the second manipulation ring  333  being rotated in the R 2  direction and the mode change switch  44  contacting the first lock portion  35   a  of the fixing member  32 , rotation in the R 2  direction of the second manipulation ring  333  and the interlock member  33  is regulated (refer to  FIG. 24 ). At this time, the optical element  308  is positioned at a wide angle end and the second manipulation ring  333  is rotated up to a first wide angle end index position at which the mark  5   b  coincides with a calibration added to one end of the second index  13   b.    
     Thus, in a shooting state of a moving image in which the first operation mode is set, for example, when the second manipulation ring  333  is rotationally manipulated in the counterclockwise direction (the R 1  direction being the first rotation direction) when viewed from an image plane side (photographer side), the interlock member  33  is rotated in the counterclockwise direction and the optical element  308  is moved in the first direction directed from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side, and when the second manipulation ring  333  is rotationally manipulated in the clockwise direction (the R 2  direction being the second rotation direction), the interlock member  33  is rotated in the clockwise direction and the optical element  308  is moved in the second direction directed from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side. 
     In the first operation mode, the mode change switch  44  is manipulated in a state in which the second manipulation ring  333  is rotated up to the first wide angle end index position. By the mode change switch  44  being manipulated, the mode change switch  44  is moved to the unlocked position, a state in which a rotational manipulation in the R 2  direction of the second manipulation ring  333  can be performed is caused, and the changeover transition mode is set from the first operation mode. 
     When the second manipulation ring  333  is rotationally manipulated in the R 2  direction in a state in which locking of the second manipulation ring  333  that is performed by the mode change switch  44  is released, the cam follower  310  is caused to slide in the transition portion  60   b.  The mode change switch  44  is manipulated in a state in which the second manipulation ring  333  is rotated up to a second wide angle end index position coinciding with a calibration added to one end of the first index  13   a.  By the mode change switch  44  being manipulated, the mode change switch  44  is moved to the lockable position again, and by the mode change switch  44  contacting the second lock portion  35   b  of the fixing member  32 , rotation in the R 1  direction of the second manipulation ring  333  and the interlock member  33  is regulated (refer to  FIG. 25 ). At this time, the optical element  308  is positioned at the wide angle end. By the mode change switch  44  being manipulated, the second operation mode is set from the changeover transition mode. At this time, the cam followers  310  are slidably engaged with the second operation portions  60   c  of the cam holes  60 . 
     In the second operation mode, when the interlock member  33  is rotated in accordance with the rotation of the second manipulation ring  333 , positions of the cam followers  310  with respect to the second operation portions  60   c  are changed, and the optical element  308  is moved in the optical axis direction. 
     In a shooting state of a still image in which the second operation mode is set, when the second manipulation ring  333  is rotationally manipulated in the counterclockwise direction (the R 1  direction being the first rotation direction) when viewed from an image plane side (photographer side), the interlock member  33  is rotated in the counterclockwise direction and the optical element  308  is moved in the second direction directed from the telephoto side toward the wide angle side, and when the second manipulation ring  333  is rotationally manipulated in the clockwise direction (the R 2  direction being the second rotation direction), the interlock member  33  is rotated in the clockwise direction and the optical element  308  is moved in the first direction directed from the wide angle side toward the telephoto side. 
     The changeover from the second operation mode to the first operation mode is performed by an operation opposite to the above-described changeover operation from the first operation mode to the second operation mode. The details of the changeover operation from the second operation mode to the first operation mode will be omitted. The changeover to the first operation mode can be performed by rotating the second manipulation ring  333  in the R 1  direction in the second operation mode, manipulating the mode change switch  44 , releasing locking of the second manipulation ring  333 , setting the changeover transition mode, and subsequently rotating the second manipulation ring  333  in the R 1  direction, manipulating the mode change switch  44 , and locking the second manipulation ring  333  again. 
     Note that the above description has been given of an example in which, in the first operation mode, the optical element  308  is moved in the first direction by a rotational manipulation in the counterclockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  333  and the optical element  308  is moved in the second direction by a rotational manipulation in the clockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  333 , and in the second operation mode, the optical element  308  is moved in the second direction by a rotational manipulation in the counterclockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  333  and the optical element  308  is moved in the first direction by a rotational manipulation in the clockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  333 . 
     Nevertheless, the optical element  308  may be configured to be moved in the following manner. In the first operation mode, the optical element  308  is moved in the second direction by a rotational manipulation in the counterclockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  333  and the optical element  308  is moved in the first direction by a rotational manipulation in the clockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  333 , and in the second operation mode, the optical element  308  is moved in the first direction by a rotational manipulation in the counterclockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  333  and the optical element  308  is moved in the second direction by a rotational manipulation in the clockwise direction of the second manipulation ring  333 . 
     Note that the changeover mechanism according to the second modified example can also be applied to another manipulation ring provided in the interchangeable lens  300 , such as, for example, the first manipulation ring  302  functioning as a focus ring and the third manipulation ring  304  functioning as an iris ring. 
     As described above, in the optical element driving device  31  according to the modified example, the first operation portion  60   a  that operates the optical element  308  in the first operation mode and the second operation portion  60   c  that operates the optical element  308  in the second operation mode are formed on the interlock member  33 . 
     Thus, in the first operation mode and the second operation mode, the optical element  308  is moved in each direction by the first operation portion  60   a  and the second operation portion  60   c,  respectively, in accordance with a rotation direction of the interlock member  33 . An operation direction of the optical element  308  can be therefore changed over using a simple structure. 
     In addition, a cam ring to be rotated in the same direction as the second manipulation ring  333  is provided as the interlock member  33 , and the first operation portion  60   a  and the second operation portion  60   c  are formed into symmetric shapes at a distance in the rotation direction of the interlock member  33 . 
     Thus, in the first operation mode and the second operation mode, the optical element  308  is moved in each direction by the first operation portion  60   a  and the second operation portion  60   c,  respectively, that are formed into symmetric shapes at a distance in the rotation direction of the interlock member  33 . The optical element  308  can be therefore operated at the same speed when the second manipulation ring  333  is rotated at the same speed in the first operation mode and the second operation mode, and a good operation state of the optical element  308  can be ensured. 
     &lt;Conclusion&gt; 
     As described above, an interchangeable lens  300  includes: interlock members  3  and  33  configured to be operated by rotational force of rotationally-manipulated second manipulation rings  303  and  333 , and operate an optical element  308  by transmitting rotational force of the second manipulation rings  303  and  333  to the optical element  308 . A changeover mechanism configured to change over an operation direction of the optical element  308  with respect to rotation directions of the second manipulation rings  303  and  333  is provided at least on the interlock members  3  and  33 . 
     Thus, because an operation direction of the optical element  308  with respect to rotation directions of the second manipulation rings  303  and  333  is changed over by the changeover mechanism and the optical element  308  is operated by the rotational force of the second manipulation rings  303  and  333  that is transmitted by the interlock members  3  and  33 , the optical element  308  is operated so as to follow a manipulation performed on the second manipulation rings  303  and  333 , an operation delay of the optical element  308  rarely occurs, and high operability regarding the second manipulation rings  303  and  333  can be ensured without causing a decline in functionality. 
     In addition, the settings of the operation mode in which the optical element  308  is operated by rotating the second manipulation ring  303  or  333 , and the changeover transition mode in which an operation direction of the optical element  308  is changed over by rotating the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  are enabled, and the mode change switch  14  or  44  that performs changing between the operation mode and the changeover transition mode is provided. 
     Thus, mode changing between the operation mode and the changeover transition mode is performed by manipulating the mode change switch  14  or  44 , a set mode can be surely recognized, and an erroneous manipulation can be prevented. 
     Furthermore, the optical element  308  is made operable in the first direction and the second direction which are directions opposite to each other, by the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  being rotated in one direction in the first rotational manipulation range, the optical element  308  is operated in the first direction, by the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  being rotated in the other direction in the first rotational manipulation range, the optical element  308  is operated in the second direction, by the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  being rotated in one direction in the second rotational manipulation range, the optical element  308  is operated in the second direction, and by the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  being rotated in the other direction in the second direction, the optical element  308  is operated in the first direction. 
     Thus, because the optical element  308  is operated in opposite directions by the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  being rotated in different rotational manipulation ranges, an operation direction of the optical element  308  with respect to the rotation of the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  becomes clear and enhancement in usability can be achieved. 
     Furthermore, in addition, on the second manipulation ring  303  or  333 , calibrations of the first index  13   a  and the second index  13   b  respectively indicating the first rotational manipulation range and the second rotational manipulation range are added at positions distant in the rotation direction. 
     Thus, because the calibrations indicating the respective rotational manipulation ranges are present at positions distant in the rotation direction, the rotational manipulation ranges become clear and which rotational manipulation range is indicated by each calibration becomes clear, and good operability of the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  can be ensured. 
     In addition, in the first operation mode, the optical element  308  is operated in the first direction when the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  is rotated in one direction and the optical element  308  is operated in the second direction when the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  is rotated in the other direction, and in the second operation mode, the optical element  308  is operated in the second direction when the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  is rotated in one direction and the optical element  308  is operated in the first direction when the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  is rotated in the other direction. 
     Thus, because the optical element  308  is operated in opposite directions with respect to the same rotation direction of the second manipulation ring  303  or  333 , between the first operation mode and the second operation mode, it becomes possible to perform a manipulation corresponding to the intention of the user, and enhancement in usability regarding a manipulation of the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  can be achieved. 
     Additionally, a shooting state of a moving image is set as the first operation mode and a shooting state of a still image is set as the second operation mode. 
     Thus, because the optical element  308  is moved in opposite directions between a still image shooting time and a moving image shooting time, and zooming or focusing is performed, a function corresponding to the intention of the user that has rotationally manipulated the second manipulation ring  303  or  333  regarding the zooming or focusing can be executed. 
     &lt;Embodiment of Imaging Device&gt; 
       FIG. 27  illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of the present technology imaging device. 
     The imaging device  100  includes the interchangeable lens  300  having an imaging function, a camera signal processing unit  81  that performs signal processing such as analog-digital conversion of a shot image signal, and an image processing unit  82  that performs recording reproduction processing of an image signal. In addition, the imaging device  100  includes a display unit (display)  83  that displays a shot image and the like, a reader/writer (R/W)  84  that performs writing and readout of an image signal with respect to a memory  90 , a central processing unit (CPU)  85  that controls the entire imaging device  100 , a manipulation portion  202  such as various kinds of switches on which a required manipulation is performed by the user, and a drive control unit  86  that controls driving of a lens group  87  including the optical element  308  arranged in the interchangeable lens  300 , and the like. 
     The interchangeable lens  300  includes an optical system including the lens group  87 , the image sensor  204  such as a charge coupled device (CCD) and a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS), and the like. 
     The camera signal processing unit  81  performs various kinds of signal processing on an output signal from the image sensor  204 . The various kinds of signal processing include conversion into a digital signal, noise removal, image quality correction, and conversion into a brightness/color-difference signal. 
     The image processing unit  82  performs compression encoding/decompression decoding processing of an image signal that is based on a predetermined image data format, conversion processing of a data specification such as resolution, and the like. 
     The display unit  83  has a function of displaying various kinds of data such as a state of a manipulation of the manipulation portion  202  that is performed by the user, and a shot image. Note that, in the imaging device  100 , the display unit  83  needs not be provided, and shot image data may be transmitted to another display device and an image may be displayed thereon. 
     The R/W  84  writes image data encoded by the image processing unit  82 , into the memory  90 , and reads out image data recorded in the memory  90 . 
     The CPU  85  may include the control microcomputer  400 , functions as a control processing unit that controls each circuit block provided in the imaging device  100 , and controls each circuit block on the basis of an instruction input signal from the manipulation portion  202 , and the like. 
     The manipulation portion  202  outputs an instruction input signal corresponding to a manipulation performed by the user, to the CPU  85 . 
     The drive control unit  86  may include the zoom control unit  401  and the focus control unit  402 , and on the basis of a control signal from the CPU  85 , controls a drive source for moving the lens group  87 , such as the zooming motor  501  and the focusing motor  502 , for example. 
     The memory  90  is a semiconductor memory detachably attached to a slot connected to the R/W  84 , for example. 
     Hereinafter, an operation in the imaging device  100  will be described. 
     In a wait state of shooting, under the control performed by the CPU  85 , a shot image signal is output to the display unit  83  via the camera signal processing unit  81 , and is displayed as a camera live view image. In addition, when an instruction input signal from the manipulation portion  202  is input, the CPU  85  outputs a control signal to the drive control unit  86  and the lens group  87  is moved on the basis of the control of the drive control unit  86 . 
     When a shooting operation is performed in accordance with the instruction input signal from the manipulation portion  202 , a shot image signal is output from the camera signal processing unit  81  to the image processing unit  82 , subject to compression encoding processing, and converted into digital data in a predetermined data format. The converted data is output to the R/W  84  and written into the memory  90 . 
     In a case where image data recorded in the memory  90  is to be reproduced, in accordance with a manipulation performed on the manipulation portion  202 , predetermined image data is read out from the memory  90  by the R/W  84 , decompression decoding processing is performed by the image processing unit  82 , and then, a reproduction image signal is output to the display unit  83  and a reproduction image is displayed. 
     &lt;Others&gt; 
     The above description has been given of an example in which the lens group  87  including the optical element  308  is used as an optical element, but the optical element is not limited to the lens group  87 , and as the optical element, for example, a diaphragm, an iris, an image sensor, or the like may be used. 
     In addition, the above description has been given of an example in which the first operation mode is a shooting state of a moving image and the second operation mode is a shooting state of a still image, but the first operation mode and the second operation mode are respectively not limited to the shooting states of a moving image and a still image. The first operation mode and the second operation mode can be applied to various kinds of modes to be set in the imaging device  100 , and for example, various kinds of modes such as a macro shooting mode, a night shooting mode, a backlight correction shooting mode, and a continuous shooting mode can be applied. 
     &lt;Present Technology&gt; 
     The present technology may also be configured as below. 
     (1) 
     An optical element driving device including: 
     an interlock member configured to be operated by rotational force of a rotationally-manipulated manipulation ring, and operate an optical element by transmitting rotational force of the manipulation ring to the optical element, 
     in which a changeover mechanism configured to change over an operation direction of the optical element with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring is provided at least on the interlock member. 
     (2) 
     The optical element driving device according to (1), in which settings of an operation mode in which the optical element is operated by rotating the manipulation ring, and a changeover transition mode in which an operation direction of the optical element is changed over by rotating the manipulation ring are enabled, and 
     a mode change switch configured to perform changing between the operation mode and the changeover transition mode is provided. 
     (3) 
     The optical element driving device according to (2), in which the manipulation ring includes an external ring and an internal ring positioned on an inside of the external ring, 
     the external ring and the internal ring are made integrally rotatable in the operation mode, and 
     by the external ring being rotated with respect to the internal ring in the changeover transition mode, the changeover mechanism is operated. 
     (4) 
     The optical element driving device according to (3), in which the internal ring is made movable between a first position and a second position in a direction different from the rotation direction with respect to the external ring in the changeover transition mode, and 
     an operation direction of the optical element is changed over in accordance with a movement position of the internal ring. 
     (5) 
     The optical element driving device according to (4), in which a cam groove is formed in one of the external ring and the internal ring, and a cam pin to be slidably engaged with the cam groove is provided on another one thereof, and 
     the internal ring is moved between the first position and the second position by a change in position of the cam pin with respect to the cam groove that is caused by rotation of the external ring with respect to the internal ring. 
     (6) 
     The optical element driving device according to any of (1) to (5), in which a fixing member that includes a reverse gear and is configured to rotatably support the interlock member is provided, 
     a transmission gear that can be meshed with the reverse gear is formed on the manipulation ring, 
     the manipulation ring and the interlock member are rotated in opposite directions in a state in which the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear, and 
     the manipulation ring and the interlock member are rotated in a same direction in a state in which the transmission gear is not meshed with the reverse gear. 
     (7) 
     The optical element driving device according to (6), in which the interlock member is provided with an interlock pin that can be coupled with the manipulation ring, 
     the interlock member is rotated integrally with the manipulation ring in a state in which the interlock pin is coupled with the manipulation ring, and 
     the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear in a state in which coupling of the interlock pin with the manipulation ring is released. 
     (8) 
     The optical element driving device according to (6) or (7), in which a driving gear meshed with the reverse gear is formed on the interlock member, and 
     the rotational force of the manipulation ring is transmitted to the interlock member via the transmission gear and the reverse gear in a state in which the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear. 
     (9) 
     The optical element driving device according to (8), in which the transmission gear is formed into a shape extending in the rotation direction, and 
     the transmission gear is positioned on an outside of the driving gear in a state in which the transmission gear is meshed with the reverse gear. 
     (10) 
     The optical element driving device according to any of (1) to (9), in which the optical element is made operable in a first direction and a second direction which are opposite to each other, 
     by the manipulation ring being rotated in one direction in a first rotational manipulation range, the optical element is operated in the first direction, and by the manipulation ring being rotated in another direction in the first rotational manipulation range, the optical element is operated in the second direction, and 
     by the manipulation ring being rotated in one direction in a second rotational manipulation range, the optical element is operated in the second direction, and by the manipulation ring being rotated in another direction in the second rotational manipulation range, the optical element is operated in the first direction. 
     (11) 
     The optical element driving device according to (10), in which, on the manipulation ring, calibrations indicating the first rotational manipulation range and the second rotational manipulation range are added at positions distant in the rotation direction. 
     (12) 
     The optical element driving device according to (1), in which the manipulation ring is made rotatable in a first rotation direction and a second rotation direction which are opposite to each other, 
     the optical element is made operable in a first direction and a second direction which are opposite to each other, 
     changeover between a first operation mode and a second operation mode is performed by the changeover mechanism, 
     in the first operation mode, the optical element is operated in the first direction when the manipulation ring is rotated in the first rotation direction, and the optical element is operated in the second direction when the manipulation ring is rotated in the second rotation direction, and 
     in the second operation mode, the optical element is operated in the second direction when the manipulation ring is rotated in the first rotation direction, and the optical element is operated in the first direction when the manipulation ring is rotated in the second rotation direction. 
     (13) 
     The optical element driving device according to (12), in which a lens or a lens group is provided as the optical element, 
     a shooting state of a moving image is set as the first operation mode, and 
     a shooting state of a still image is set as the second operation mode. 
     (14) 
     The optical element driving device according to (12) or (13), in which changeover between a manual state in which the optical element is operated by a manual rotational manipulation of the manipulation ring, and an automatic state in which the optical element is operated by drive force generated by a drive motor is enabled, 
     a detection unit configured to detect the first operation mode and the second operation mode is provided, and 
     an operation speed of the optical element in the automatic state is controlled on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit. 
     (15) 
     The optical element driving device according to (13), in which changeover between a manual state in which the optical element is operated by a manual rotational manipulation of the manipulation ring, and an automatic state in which the optical element is operated by drive force generated by a drive motor is enabled, 
     a zooming lens or lens group is provided as the optical element, 
     a detection unit configured to detect the first operation mode and the second operation mode is provided, and 
     control of causing the first operation mode to decline in an operation speed of the optical element in the automatic state, with respect to that in the second operation mode is performed on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit. 
     (16) 
     The optical element driving device according to (13), in which changeover between a manual state in which the optical element is operated by a manual rotational manipulation of the manipulation ring, and an automatic state in which the optical element is operated by drive force generated by a drive motor is enabled, 
     a focusing lens or lens group is provided as the optical element, 
     a detection unit configured to detect the first operation mode and the second operation mode is provided, and 
     control of causing the first operation mode to decline in an operation speed of the optical element in the automatic state, with respect to that in the second operation mode is performed on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit. 
     (17) 
     The optical element driving device according to (13), in which changeover between a manual state in which the optical element is operated by a manual rotational manipulation of the manipulation ring, and an automatic state in which the optical element is operated by drive force generated by a drive motor is enabled, 
     an iris blade is provided as the optical element, 
     a detection unit configured to detect the first operation mode and the second operation mode is provided, and 
     control of causing the first operation mode to decline in an operation speed of the optical element in the automatic state, with respect to that in the second operation mode is performed on the basis of a detection result of the detection unit. 
     (18) 
     The optical element driving device according to any of (12) to (17), in which a first operation portion configured to operate the optical element in the first operation mode and a second operation portion configured to operate the optical element in the second operation mode are formed on the interlock member. 
     (19) 
     The optical element driving device according to (18), in which a cam ring to be rotated in a same direction as the manipulation ring is provided as the interlock member, and 
     the first operation portion and the second operation portion are formed into symmetric shapes at a distance in a rotation direction of the interlock member. 
     (20) 
     An interchangeable lens including: 
     an optical element driving device configured to drive an optical element and arranged inside a cylindrical casing, 
     in which the optical element driving device includes 
     an interlock member configured to be operated by rotational force of a rotationally-manipulated manipulation ring, and operate the optical element by transmitting rotational force of the manipulation ring to the optical element, and 
     a changeover mechanism configured to change over an operation direction of the optical element with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring is provided at least on the interlock member. 
     (21) 
     An imaging device including: 
     an optical element driving device configured to drive an optical element, and an image sensor configured to convert an optical image captured via an optical system into an electrical signal, 
     in which the optical element driving device includes 
     an interlock member configured to be operated by rotational force of a rotationally-manipulated manipulation ring, and operate the optical element by transmitting rotational force of the manipulation ring to the optical element, and 
     a changeover mechanism configured to change over an operation direction of the optical element with respect to a rotation direction of the manipulation ring is provided at least on the interlock member. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       100  imaging device 
       204  image sensor 
       300  interchangeable lens 
       302  first manipulation ring 
       303  second manipulation ring 
       304  third manipulation ring 
       305  casing 
       308  optical element 
       1  optical element driving device 
       2  fixing member 
       3  interlock member 
       9  reverse gear 
       10  external ring 
       10   a  cam pin 
       11  internal ring 
       14  mode change switch 
       15  cam groove 
       18  transmission gear 
       20  interlock pin 
       21  driving gear 
       22  detection unit 
       333  second manipulation ring 
       31  optical element driving device 
       32  fixing member 
       33  interlock member 
       60   a  first operation portion 
       60   c  second operation portion 
       44  mode change switch 
       87  lens group