Patent Publication Number: US-2020279463-A1

Title: Security tag and base station for display

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/125,463, filed Sep. 7, 2018, which application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/555,549, filed Sep. 7, 2017, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     The present disclosure relates to security and notification—for example, wireless security tags and real time location systems. 
     Description of Related Art 
     One of the advantages of a brick-and-mortar retailer establishments over online shopping is that brick-and-mortar retailers enable a customer to have a personal, hands-on interaction with a an electronic device before purchasing. This hands-on experience has continued to justify the existence of brick-and-mortar stores, despite growing online sales across the world. As consumer electronics have become smaller, facilitating this hands-on experience has become more problematic. These problems include theft and breakage of merchandise, which can reduce the number of devices available for demonstration. The response by retailers has been varied and typically includes keeping small electronics devices behind glass panes or otherwise secured in locations that are less accessible to customers. However, this can leave customers no better off than buying online. Another solution implemented by retailers is to have a store employee facilitate each customer&#39;s hands-on interaction. However, this solution requires additional employee time, which can be expensive and may be limited by the number of employees that are available to offer demonstrations. 
     Another solution for retailers of small consumer electronics is a physical tether system. Each consumer electronic device can be tethered with a security tether to a fixed surface such as a table. This facilitated hands-on interaction by multiple consumers while still providing security for the retailers. Physical tethering also has drawbacks because it can restrict even trial usage of the tethered devices to a certain extent. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure explains that, for certain types of consumer electronics, the security tether was detrimental to consumers&#39; hands-on experience, particularly at, but not limited to, retail establishments. For example, using a security tether with a stylus or smartpen and a phone or tablet failed to provide a satisfactory writing experience and failed to showcase the full capabilities and ease-of-use of the styluses and smartpens. Tethering restrictions have these drawbacks for various devices, and not just those provided as examples here. Smaller device are particularly affected by physical tethers because these devices are normally so light and mobile. A tethered pen can feel very awkward in comparison to a pen with no constraints, for example. It can also seem aesthetically compromised if physically tethered to a line robust enough to prevent theft, no matter how flexible or long that line may be. The disclosed inventions and embodiments address these drawbacks with security approaches that do not require a physical tether to a desk or display furniture. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic embodiment of a wireless security system for a smart pen display. 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates an embodiment of a wireless security fob. 
         FIG. 2B  is a side view of the wireless security fob of  FIG. 2A . 
         FIG. 2C  is a bottom view of the wireless security fob of  FIG. 2A . 
         FIG. 2D  is an exploded view of the wireless security fob of  FIG. 2A . 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates an embodiment of a base station of a wireless security system. 
         FIG. 3B  is a top view of the base station of  FIG. 3A . 
         FIG. 3C  is a side view of the base station of  FIG. 3A . 
         FIG. 3D  is a front view of the base station of  FIG. 3A . 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a block diagram of the wireless security fob and the base station. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a schematic embodiment of wireless security system. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates another embodiment of a wireless security fob. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     One aspect of the present disclosure discusses that previous display solutions implemented by retailers can be alleviated or resolved by the implementation of a wireless security system. This can be particularly helpful for small, highly valuable articles, such as, but not limited to, electronic devices that are designed to be manipulated by a user&#39;s hand (e.g., smart styluses or smartpens). A wireless security fob can be securely attached to a small consumer electronic device in conjunction with a wireless security system used to monitor the location of that small electronic devices and to allow a realistic hands-on experience for consumers experimenting with the small electronic devices. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure includes various manners of attaching the security fob to a small device (e.g., a smartpen). One goal is to reduce physical weight and other factors that may detract from the writing experience of consumers with the smartpen. For example, the security fob can include a security loop built into one end of the housing. A security tether can extend between the smartpen and the security loop. One end of the security tether can extend through the security loop. Another end of the security tether can be anchored to or embedded within the smartpen. For example, a hole can be provided in an outer housing of the smartpen through which the security tether can extend. In some embodiments, the end of such a tether can be larger than an opening in the pen&#39;s structure or otherwise configured such that it cannot be removed from the outer housing without disassembling and/or breaking the smartpen. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure includes enabling the monitoring of multiple devices by one or more employees of a retailer. In certain implementations, this can include alarms and/or flashing lights or other sensory signaling devices on the security fob and/or the base. In certain implementations, this can include a perimeter and/or a predetermined distance from the base beyond which the security system will either send an alarm or a warning that a security fob has exceeded or is approaching either the perimeter or the predetermined distance. The perimeter size can be specifically tailored to a retail environment where consumers are expected to experiment with devices by moving them freely within the perimeter—including manipulating them extensively and even placing such devices in their pockets or purses. However, the perimeter can be set such that outside an area of several feet or yards, such movement is not permitted without tripping an alert or alarm, as described further below. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure includes an easy way to pair and unpair multiple security devices (e.g., fobs) using an administrator device (which can comprise a separate fob or base unit and can employ near field communication or NFC, for example). 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure includes prolonging the battery life of a security device (e.g., fob or base station). Prolonging battery life can be accomplished by enabling one or a series of modes (e.g., sleep mode, doze mode, high alert mode, etc.), and by tuning power usage in various other ways. The relevant modes and power usage tuning can be dynamically programmed by predicting normal usage patterns. Alternatively or additionally, these modes can be programmed, set, or recognized from actual usage patterns. A system can store information about such patterns to assist in providing more effective demonstrations of the device. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure includes bilateral communication between devices (e.g., a base and one or more security fobs) using ultra-wideband signal technology. The wide band technology can assist in providing frequent signal communications and provide enough bandwidth to secure multiple devices. It can also be used to reduce or manage interference and interaction with other existing networks and protocols. 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , a wireless security system  10  is designed to provide security for a valuable asset  1  while also allowing for the valuable asset  1  to be displayed (e.g., freely handled or demonstrated) to a person, such as a consumer. In some implementations, the wireless security system  10  can be used in a retail store or a tradeshow environment in which the valuable asset  1  and/or a plurality of valuable assets can be tracked by the security system  10 . This wireless system  10  facilitates security of the valuable asset  1  and also allows any of the users or consumers to freely handle the valuable assets  1  within a designated area. The wireless security system  10  can be especially important where the valuable asset  1  is particularly expensive or where securing sales of the valuable asset  1  are particularly dependent on a user&#39;s satisfaction in handling or manipulation of the valuable asset  1 . An example of an implementation for the system  10  is a display for a stylus or a smartpen (e.g., MICROSOFT® Surface Pen) for a tablet computer or smartphone or similar electronic device. The wireless security system  10  can allow consumers to write freely with the smartpen in a manner that is very similar to using the smartpen without any security device attached to it. 
     The wireless security system  10  can include a security fob  20 . The security fob  20  can be physically tethered to the valuable asset  1  via security tether  30 . In some embodiments of the wireless security system  10 , the security tether  30  can be a short chain, cable or similar durable and/or flexible material that connects the valuable asset  1  with the security fob  20 . Having a separate security fob (as opposed to an embedded security device) can allow such fobs to be transferred between various sample objects and reused, thereby reducing cost. The fobs can also act as an initial visual security warning to would-be larcenists, thereby providing a disincentive to even attempt a theft. Alternatively, a security fob can have such a low profile that it is not readily apparent to customers at first. This can change when it emits a warning sound or light, for example. 
     In some implementations, the security fob  20  can be left to dangle freely from one end of the valuable asset  1  by the security tether  30 . For example, the security fob  20  can be left to dangle from one end of a smartpen while enabling the smartpen to be freely handled by a consumer (e.g., for writing). By enabling the security fob  20  to be flexibly connected with the valuable asset  1 , the consumer&#39;s experience in handling and manipulating the valuable asset  1  can be very similar to manipulation and usage of the valuable instrument  1  without any security device attached to it. The presence of the security fob  20  can become essentially non-detrimental where the security tether  30  and the security fob  20  are lightweight and/or unobtrusive when attached to the valuable object  1 . 
     The security fob  20  can have a strong physical connection to the valuable asset  1 . For example, the security fob  20  can be mechanically fastened (e.g., by glue, bolts, screws, ball and socket, anchor chain, or other mechanical fasteners) to the valuable asset  1 . Similarly to the tethered security fob  20 , the consumer&#39;s experience with the securely attached security fob  20  can be similar to usage of the valuable asset  1  without any security device attached to it. In some implementations, the valuable object  1  can be modified to connect with the security fob  20  or the security tether (e.g., a hole can be drilled in the valuable object  1  for looping or anchoring the security tether). In some embodiments, a tether and securing mechanism can be physically integrated with the valuable asset  1  such that application of sufficient force to remove the tether would also destroy some aspect of the valuable asset  1 . This would tend to deter a larcenist because it would destroy the value of the asset by the very act of attempted theft, and applications of lesser force would be unsuccessful in separating the tether or other attachment system from the valuable asset  1 . The tether can be formed of a cut-resistant material, such as braided steel cable. 
     The wireless security system  10  can provide a designated area or outer perimeter  40 , within which the consumer can use the valuable asset  1 . The security system  10  can provide security for the valuable asset  1  by warning a user of the security system  10  when the valuable asset  1  leaves the designated area and/or leaves or approaches the outer perimeter  40 . The wireless security system  10  can also warn or alert the consumer or person handling the valuable asset  1  when it is taken into a predetermined proximity to the outer perimeter  40 . The warning system of the wireless security system  10  can include any sensory based signal that will alert a human, such as the consumer or a user of the wireless security  10 , that the valuable assets  1  has moved beyond the designated area. 
     In some embodiments, the designated area can be defined by the outer perimeter  40 . The outer perimeter can be generally circular about a central location. In such an embodiment, the designated area can be determined using a radius from a base station that emits signals radially, for example. In some embodiments, the security system  10  can track a distance  42  that the valuable asset is from the central location (e.g., the radius from the central location). In some implementations, the perimeter  40  is defined in terms of a specific distance. In other implementations, the perimeter  40  can be defined in terms of a distance and a margin or error or a range of distances. In other implementations, the perimeter  40  is a shape other than circular. The location of the security fob  20  within the perimeter  40  can be determined by the wireless security system  10 . 
     The wireless system  10  can also include a sub-perimeter  44  within the outer perimeter  40 . Like the outer perimeter  40 , the sub-perimeter  44  can be defined in terms of a distance and a margin or error and/or a range of distances or otherwise defined (e.g., polygonal or other). Movement of the valuable asset  1  into or beyond the sub-perimeter  44  can trigger a warning from the security system  10 . The warning can alert the user of the security system  10  and/or the consumer who is handling the valuable asset  1 . Warning the consumer handling the valuable asset  1  can gently indicate or ‘nudge’ the consumer to move back toward the central location and not proceed further toward the outer perimeter  40 . Different warning intensities can be used. For example, approaching or crossing the sub-perimeter  44  can be associated with a vibration or other alarm and approaching or crossing the outer perimeter  40  can be associated with an audible alarm or other alarm. Intensity of a series of such warnings can be graduated and adjusted to the circumstances by selecting different modes, for example. In other embodiments, a single warning intensity may suffice and reduce production costs and setup time. A warning can be haptic, audible, visual, and/or a combination thereof. 
     Warning the user of the security system  10  can alert the user to pay attention to a particular consumer and/or valuable asset  1 . In some embodiments, the wireless system  10  can indicate to the user (e.g., a store clerk or store security personnel) which of a plurality of the valuable assets is implicated (e.g., which valuable asset has moved beyond or into proximity to the outer perimeter  40  or the sub-perimeter  44 ). 
     The security fob  20  can be wirelessly and communicatively coupled with a base station  50  of the wireless security system  10 . The base station  50  can be in communicative contact with the security fob  20  via any practicable radio frequency. Communication (e.g., the sending of signals or data packets) between the base station  50  and the security fob  20  can be used to determine the distance  42  between the security fob  20  (and the valuable asset  1 ) and the base station  50 . An associated device such as the security base station  50  can serve as the central location within the outer perimeter  40 . In embodiments with a generally circular outer perimeter  40 , the base station  50  can be located at a center of the generally circular outer perimeter  40 . The outer perimeter shape can vary based on interference or other factors that affect signals. A usable portion of a perimeter may form a semi-circle that is partially bounded by a wall of a retail store, for example. 
     The distance  42  can be calculated using any available methods including measuring the time of flight (TOF) of signals or packets sent wirelessly between the security fob  20  and the base station  50 . Distance can be determined geometrically using triangulation from one or more signal sources over one or more intervals. Distance can also be measured by knowing the speed at which the signals travel and having synchronized clocks within one or more devices. If the departure time, speed of flight, and arrival time is known, total distance traveled can be readily calculated. Other methods can also be used to determine distance. 
     When the security system  10  detects that the distance  42  of the security fob  20  and/or the valuable asset  1  exceeds or enters into a predetermined proximity to the outer perimeter  40 , the security fob  20  and/or the base station  50  can emit an alarm. For example, the security fob  20  and/or the base station  50  can include any of a speaker, lights or vibration motor for alerting the users and/or consumers. In some implementations, the user of the wireless system  10  can be a retail store employee who is facilitating or watching over the display of the valuable asset  1 . When the security fob  20  and/or the base station  50  emits an alarm, the user can be made aware that the security fob has exceeded the predetermined proximity to the outer perimeter  40  and can take appropriate action. This awareness can be accomplished through a visible, audible, or haptic (e.g., vibrational) signal. It can occur remotely (e.g., at a register or in a security booth) or it can occur in the immediate vicinity of the merchandise display area. It can be emitted from the valuable asset  1  itself, from a base station, from a store audio system, from an alarm installed on the display hardware, etc. The consumer handling the valuable object  1  to which the security fob  20  is attached can also be made aware. 
     In some embodiments, a consumer can be gently informed (e.g., using a haptic alert) that he or she is approaching the perimeter  40  or  44  prior to a full alarm ringing or emitting throughout a larger area. Similarly, the security fob  20  or the base  20  can alert when the security system detects that the distance  42  has exceeded or entered into proximity to the sub-perimeter  44 . In some embodiments, such an initial alert or sub-alert (or series thereof) can be quieter or otherwise less intense than an alarm associated with the outer perimeter  40 . For example, the alert can include only alerting the user and/or consumer with a flashing LED, while the alarm can be audible. In certain implementations, the security fob  20  can alert (e.g., as the user approaches or passes the sub-perimeter  44 ) before the base  50  alerts. 
     The wireless security system  10  can also include an administrator device, illustrated here as an administrator fob  60 . The administrator fob  60  can facilitate pairing of the security fob  20  with the base station  50 . Pairing can link the wireless communications systems between the base station  50  and the security fob  20 . For example, the components of the security system  10  can include a wireless communication protocol such as near field communication (NFC) for pairing the base station  50  with the security fob  20 . Usage of the administrator fob  60  can include placing the administrator fob  60  adjacent to and in communication with the base station  50  and also placing the security fob  20  adjacent to and in communication with the base station  50 . This can pair together the security fob  20  and the base station  50  such that the security fob  20  is uniquely identified to the base station  50 . To unpair the security fob  20  from the base station  50 , the administrator fob  60  and the security fob  20  can again be placed adjacent to (e.g., in communicative contact with via NFC) the base station  50 . In some embodiments, the administrator fob  60  can be first presented to the base station  50  and the security fob can be presented within a specified time limit (e.g., 10 seconds). In some embodiments, after an alarm or alert occurs, the administrator fob  60  can be presented to silence or otherwise end the alarm or alert. 
     In some streamlined implementations of the security system  10 , the base station  50  is not provided with any exterior or interior buttons or user interface other than the administrator fob  60 . The administrator fob  60  can provide a secure and easy-to-use wireless security system. The administrator fob  60  can be used to pair and unpair a plurality of security fobs  20 . The administrator fob  60  can include NFC capabilities. In such an approach, bringing the fob  60  into proximity with a base or another fob can automatically trigger in one or more of the devices a pairing process. In a simple binary switch mode, bringing the same fob  60  into proximity again can automatically trigger an unpairing process. In some implementations, the wireless security  10  can be utilized to secure a plurality of valuable assets  1 . All of the security fobs  20  in the plurality can be similar to the security fob  20 . 
       FIGS. 2A-4  illustrate an embodiment of a wireless security system  100  similar to and implementing functions of the wireless security system  10  described above.  FIG. 2  is an embodiment of a wireless security fob  120 . The security fob  120  can include an external housing  121 . The external housing  121  can include an upper housing  120   a ,  121   a  and a lower housing  121   b . The upper and lower housings  121   a ,  121   b  can define an interior cavity of the housing  121 . The external side of the housing  121  can include a label  121   c . The label  121   c  can include any instructions or logos associated with the wireless security system  100  or the valuable object  1 . For example the label can include information about the allowable perimeter of the security system. The label can include a warning about moving the security fob  120  beyond the outer perimeter of the wireless security system  100 . The housing  121  can include an electronics assembly  125 . 
     The housing  121  can include a security loop  122 . In some embodiments, the security loop  122  is built integrally with the housing  121 . The security loop  122  can be built into one end of the security fob  120 . In some embodiments, the security loop can extend all the way through between opposite sides of the housing  121  such that a security tether (not shown) can be coupled with the security fob  120  at the security loop  122 . In some embodiments, even where the housing halves  121   a ,  121   b  are separated, the security loop  122  can still form a complete loop thereby still providing a connection between the security fob  120  and the security tether. In some embodiments, the housing  121  can include a security feature extending from the housing  121  in addition to the security tether or in place of the security tether. The security feature can be configured to couple with the valuable object  1 . For example, the security feature can be a screw, clasp or hook that interfaces with the valuable object  1 . 
     The housing  121  can include a sound hole or output or a piezo electric device such as a speaker  123  or vibration mechanism. In some embodiments, the housing  121  can include a resonance chamber for increasing the volume of an output sound from the speaker  123 . In some implementations of the wireless security system  100 , the speaker  123  can act as the alarm for the wireless security system  10 . In some embodiments, the speaker  123  is a piezoelectric speaker. The housing  121  can include a hole for an LED output  129 . In some implementations of the wireless security system  100 , the LED output  129  can act as the alarm or alert for the wireless security system  10  (e.g., by flashing). In some embodiments, the LED output  129  can indicate the charge level of the power to the security fob  120 . 
     The wireless security fob  120  should have a small and lightweight profile and can generally be lightweight to facilitate unobtrusiveness when used in conjunction with the valuable asset  1 . For example, the security fob can be less than 2 inches in length and less than or approximately 0.25 inches in thickness and approximately 1 inch wide. The security fob  120  should have a generally aesthetically pleasing profile so as not to detract from the experience of the user in handling the valuable object  1 . 
     The housing  121  can be configured to be tamper proof. In one implementation, the upper and lower housing halves,  121   a ,  121   b  can be coupled together by a nonstandard bolt or screw  124  (e.g., torq-set, torx, security torx, or tri-groove). The bolt or screw  124  can extend through the upper housing  121   a  and into a threaded hole  124   a  within the lower housing  121   b . In some embodiments, the security screw  124  can be configured to prevent easy or convenient disassembly of the security fob  120 . The upper and lower housing halves  121   a ,  121   b  can be fitted together such that there is no edge or space between them that would facilitate a consumer or other unauthorized person from prying apart the two halves of the housing  121 . In some embodiments, the separation of the halves can trigger an alarm at the base  10 . The housing  121  can include an LED hole  128  through which a LED output can be seen and/or extend. In one implementation, the LED can be used to indicate the status (e.g., pair status, low battery, proximity to outer perimeter, etc.) of the fob  120 . In one implementation, the lower housing halve  121   b  can include an extension  121   d  that fits within a slot (not shown) within the upper housing halve  121   a . Thus, only one screw  124  is required to close the housing  121 . 
     The security fob  120  can further include an electronic assembly  125 . The electronic assembly  125  can include an electronics board. The electronics assembly  125  can be configured to be low-power operating. The electronic assembly  125  can in some embodiments include the speaker  123  (e.g., a piezoelectric, or any other type of speaker), the LED output and a power supply  126 . In one implementation, the housing  121  includes a hole  129  and/or a plurality of holes for emitting sound through the housing  121 . In some embodiments, the power supply  126  can be in the form of a coin cell battery or lithium polymer technology battery. The profile of a coin cell battery can be optimal for fitting with the housing  121  and maintaining a thin and unobtrusive profile for the security fob  120 . In one implementation, the piezoelectric device  123  can be used to provide haptic feedback to the user (e.g., a holder of the object  1  to which the fob  120  is attached). In one implementation, the haptic feedback can be provided when it is detected that the fob  120  is proximate and/or over the outer perimeter  40 . In one implementations the fob  120  includes one or more protruding electrodes for delivering a shock to the user. The electrodes can deliver electricity to deliver the shock during an alarm event. 
     The electronics assembly  125  can include a status LED  148  and/or a power status LED  149 . The status LED  148  can indicate to a user of the wireless security system their location relative to the outer perimeter (e.g., perimeter  40 ). For example, the status LED  148  can indicate first color when the fob  120  is detected to be within the perimeter, a second color when the fob  120  is detected to be proximate the perimeter  40  and a third color when the fob  120  is detected to be outside the perimeter  40 . 
     Advantageously, the power supply  126  can last for up to a year with normal use because of the low-power circuitry of the security fob  120 . To facilitate this, the electronic assembly  125  can further include an accelerometer  145 . The accelerometer  145  can be used to enable the security fob to enter into a sleep mode to save energy. One or more levels of battery saving modes can be used. For example, sleep mode can shut down or limit communication between the security fob  120  and other components of the security system  100 . A sleep mode can also shut down or limit any of the alarms, speakers  123 , LED output  129 , or any other feature of the security fob  120 . The sleep mode can be activated when the accelerometer fails to detect any movement of the security fob for a designated time (e.g., 15 seconds). The sleep mode can be turned off when the accelerometer detects movement of the security fob again. Periodically during the sleep mode, the security fob can restart and send a wireless ping to the rest of the security system  100 . Multiple levels or combinations of sleep modes can be used. The ping can include information to be used to determine the location of the security fob  120  and/or to determine the level of the power supply  126 . The wireless security system  100  can thus ensure that the security fob  120  is still communicable and/or operational. 
     The wireless security system  100  can include a base station  150 . The base station  150  can include a housing  151 . The housing  151  can contain an internal electronic circuit  155 . The electronic circuit  155  can communicate with the security fob  120  wirelessly. The electronic circuit  155  can be powered by a power supply  156 . In some embodiments, the power supply  156  can be a USB connector input or other type of direct-current input. 
     The housing  151  can include a visual indicator panel  153 . For example, the housing  151  can include apertures through which extend or shine a plurality of LEDs or other visual indicators. In some embodiments, one LED of the plurality of LEDs can correspond to the security fob  120 . In implementations of the security system  100  with multiple security fobs associated with the base station  150 , each of the security fobs can correspond uniquely to one or more of the LEDs. The LEDs can indicate information about the wireless security system  100 . For example, the LEDs can indicate the pair status, battery level, alarm or alert level of each of the security fobs in the security system  100 . In some embodiments, the LEDs can include tricolor LEDs. Each of the three colors in the tricolor LEDs can correspond to different states of the security fob  120 . For example, the three colors might be red, yellow and green. The green can indicate whenever the security fob  120  is within the perimeter  40  and the sub-perimeter  44  of the security system  100 ; the LED can indicate yellow when the security fob  120  is proximate the outer perimeter  40  (e.g., outside of the sub-perimeter  44  but still within the outer perimeter  40 ); and the LED can indicate red when the security fob  120  is outside the outer perimeter  40  of the security system  100 . In some embodiments, this can also be coupled with an alarm at either or both of the yellow and red states of the LEDs. In some embodiments, the LEDs can indicate the state of the power supply of the security fob  120 . 
     The security fob  120  can be in wireless communication with the base station  150 . The security fob  120  can include an ultra-wideband transceiver  141  that can communicate with an external antenna  163  of the base station  150 . The external antenna  163  can be coupled with a coaxial coupler  164  or other suitable coupler to the base station  150 . 
     The electronic assembly  125  of the security fob  120  can include an antenna  142  for use in conjunction with the ultra-wideband transceiver  141 . The antenna  142  can be a chip or trace antenna or other type of antenna and can send and receive the wireless communications for the ultra-wideband transceiver  141 . Other types of wireless communication (e.g., WIFI or BLUETOOTH) can be utilized with the current system. The fob  120  can include a Bluetooth chip, such as a low-power Bluetooth chip  147  in the electronics assembly  125 . It has been discovered that an advantageous amount of precision in detecting the location of the security fob  120  (versus the high cost and large size factors offered by similar components in other wireless systems) can be achieved by using an ultra-wideband transceiver, illustrated here as transceiver  141 . An exemplary transceiver is SCENSOR DW1000 sold by DECAWAVE. 
     The security fob  120  can also include a near field communication (NFC) chip  143 . The near field communication chip  143  can include a small coil antenna  144 . The antenna  144  can be located elsewhere in or on the security fob  120  and connected to the NFC chip  143 . The small coil antenna  144  can function to broadcast the electromagnetic field from the NFC chip  143 . 
     An administrator fob  160  with NFC can be used to pair the security fob with the base station  150 . The NFC system can be used to link the ultra-wideband transceiver  141  with the external antenna of the base station  150 . NFC is a set of communication protocols that will enable two electronic devices to communicate and requires that they are brought to close proximity to each other. Thus NFC provides an inherent security system such that only physically proximate devices (e.g., the administrator fob  160 ) can communicate with each other. Near NFC systems can include an active NFC chip and a passive NFC chip (or an active NFC chip that is acting in a passive capacity). The active NFC chip can generate a field that will activate a solenoid that is the passive NFC chip. The interaction of the field generated by the active NFC chip with the field generated by the passive NFC chip can contain coded bits of information (such as identifiers for a security fob) that enables communication between the passive and active components of the NFC system. 
     In the wireless security system  100 , the NFC chip  143  can include an active NFC chip  143  powered by the power supply  126 . The base station  150  can include a passive NFC chip. The passive NFC chip can include information allowing the NFC chip  143  to pair the wireless transceiver  141  with the base station  150  (e.g., the antenna  163  and controller  165 ) (e.g., bootstrapping). This can allow the base station  150   a  to uniquely identify the security fob  120  within the wireless system  100 . The administrator fob  160  can include an active or passive NFC chip. 
     In some embodiments, the active NFC chip can be in the base station  150  and a passive NFC chip can be included in each of the security fobs  120 . The passive NFC chip can include information allowing each security fob  120  to pair with the base station  150  and be uniquely identified by it. The base station  150  can be activated into a pairing mode by the administrator fob  160 . In the pairing mode, one of the security fobs  120  can be paired. The administrator fob  160  can also be used to unpair the security fobs in similar manner. 
     The security fob  120  can include a controller  146  (e.g., a microcontroller). The controller  146  can include a machine readable medium with instructions stored thereon for operating the security fob  120  and/or other components of the security system  100 . The security fob  120  can include a processor for executing the stored instructions. The instructions can include instructions for sending and/or receiving a signal between the transceiver  141  and the base station  150 , measuring the time of flight of the signal to determine a distance of the security fob  120  from the base station  150  and comparing the distance with one or more parameters, such as those indicating the location of the outer perimeter or sub-perimeter (e.g., a distance from the base station  150 ). Depending on the distance of the security fob  120  form the base station  150 , the instructions when executed by the controller  145  can trigger an alarm or indicate and alert on either or both of the base station  150  and the security fob  120 . The parameters can be predetermined and hard coded into the instructions on the computer readable medium of the controller  146 . In other embodiments, the predetermined thresholds can be programmable by a user such as by connecting a programmable component of the security fob  120  with a computer or other input device. In some embodiments the programmable content can change the outer perimeter, sub-perimeter or other parameters of the security system  100 . 
     The instructions of the controller  120  can also include instructions for receiving and transmitting information about the security fob  120  to the base station  150  or vice-versa. For example, the controller can measure the power supply  126  (e.g., battery level) and relay this information to be indicated by the output LEDs  153  on the base station  150 . For example, this information can include indications that the power supply is within an acceptable range and/or the power supply needs replacement soon. 
     The instructions of the controller  120  can also include instructions for sleeping and waking the security fob  120  using the accelerometer  145 , as described above. The instructions of the controller  120  can also include instructions for pairing and unpairing the security fob  120 , as described above. 
     The external antenna  153  can transmit wireless signal from the security fob  120  to a controller  165 . The controller  165  can be in some embodiments disposed within the housing  151  of the base station  150 . The controller  165  can execute instruction stored on a computer readable medium for controlling the LEDs  153  and/or an alarm and/or a near field communication chip disposed on the base station  150 . In some embodiments, the functions described above for the controller  120  can be shared between or performed entirely by the controller  165 . The controller  165  can include a low power microprocessor. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a schematic view of a wireless communication system  200  having multiple fobs  120  and the administrator fob  160 . The wireless communication system  200  can include a power supply  126  (e.g., USB power supply). The external power supply can provide additional power for enabling the system  200  to last for a full year. The base station  150  can include an external antenna  163  for communicating (i.e., using ultra-wideband transceivers) between the security fobs  120  and the base station  150 . 
     Security fob  320 , illustrated in  FIG. 6 , can include a housing  321 , a sound hole  323  corresponding to a speaker, and an LED output hole  328 . Housing  321  can include a security loop  322  in the form of a hole through the housing  321 . The security loop  322  can be configured to couple with (i.e., anchor to) one end of the security tether for coupling the security fob  320  with the valuable object  1 . The housing  321  can further enclose an electronic assembly  325  (not shown, similar to assembly  125 ). The electronic assembly  325  can include components for communication between the hub  320  and a wireless security system  300 , similar to the systems and functionalities described above in the security fobs  20 ,  120 , and  220 . Item  328  can be an indicator such as a light-emitting diode (LED). 
     Some embodiments can include a Bluetooth implementation, including for pairing devices. In particular, the security fob can exchange data with a base over short distances using UHF radio waves from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz (the 2.4 GHz short-range radio frequency band). These signals can establish a personal area network (PAN). This implementation can conform with IEEE802.15.1, for example. Short-link radio technology can be used, with reference to the principles described in Swedish patents SE 8902098-6 and SE 9202239, for example. Such an implementation can incorporate frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology. The operating frequencies for Bluetooth can include guard bands (e.g., 2 MHz wide at the bottom end and 3.5 MHz wide at the top). Such an implementation can be packet based, where packets of information are transmitted on one of multiple (e.g., 79) designated Bluetooth channels having bandwidths of 1 MHz, for example. Although some Bluetooth performs 800 hops per second, a useful implementation here uses lower energy with 2 MHz spacing (accommodating 40 channels). This can save battery power and lengthen the useful life of a fob, for example, especially when combined with a sleep or dormant mode. Bluetooth can incorporate a master/slave architecture where a master communicates with various (e.g., seven) slaves in a piconet (e.g., and ad-hoc computer network) and all devices share the master&#39;s clock. Packet exchange can be based on slots (e.g., two clock ticks can be a slot of 625 microseconds). The master and slave devices can use designated (e.g., odd and or even) slots, and packets can be multiple (e.g., 1, 3, or 5) slots long. Multiple piconets can establish a scatternet, where certain devices fill the role of master in one net and slave in another. A scatternet implementation can be particularly useful if there are more than seven valuable retail assets to be alarmed or protected. 
     In some low energy applications, the Bluetooth can use frequency hopping to counteract narrowband interference problems. A Bluetooth Low Energy (or BLE) protocol can be used to maximize battery life, given the retail parameters of the present application. For example, peak current consumption using this protocol can be less than 15 miliAmps, and power consumption can be between one tenth to one half of that for regular Bluetooth protocols. Under these and other related wireless protocols, power consumption can be reduced and the short range can be achieved even with low-cost transceiver microchips in associated devices. The devices can use radio communications and therefore do not require visual line of sight. Ranges of Bluetooth devices vary by class, but the classes supporting one to ten meter ranges are most relevant for most limited perimeter retail security applications such as those described herein. Thus, Class 2 (approx. 10 meter range) may be useful to employ in this context. Bluetooth can be particularly helpful to pair devices—e.g., a base station and a security fob connected to a valuable but non-bulky retail asset. 
     Security fobs and base stations can also employ Wi-Fi technology to achieve the alarm and security functions described here. These implementations can be based on the IEEE 802.11 direct sequence standards. Wi-Fi implementations can established connections over distances that can be greater (e.g., 20 meters) than low-power implementations of Bluetooth. Radio bands on 2.4 and 5.8 GHz frequencies are commonly used. Although some implementations can establish a base station with all fobs communicating with this central location (e.g., located in a display table or display case), a Wi-Fi ad-hoc mode can also be employed where the devices communicate directly with each other. Wi-Fi can be particularly useful in updating firmware for the fobs and/or base-station, as each can connect to a retail store&#39;s existing Wi-Fi network for example. Firmware updates can be pushed or pulled to and/or from the relevant devices (e.g., base stations and fobs). These updates can be useful in configuring a security system for use in other countries that employ different radio spectrum standards, partitioning the spectrum in different ways and allowing usage of different frequencies, with different channels (having different overlap characteristics) etc. Wi-Fi implementation can include streaming data between devices and up to the cloud. Such implementations can cause dormant mode as a default when a device is not being used or tested to save battery life and avoid transmissions for network searching that can reduce battery life quickly. Another radiofrequency protocol that is useful for some embodiments this application is near field communication (NFC). This can be used for pairing devices because of the close proximity and lower power requirements, similar to BLE. 
     Inclusion of an accelerometer in a security fob can be particularly useful to allow the fob to recognize when dormant mode (or power saving mode) may be appropriate and when to establish or avoid a live link (e.g., via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or some other RF protocol). An accelerometer can send a signal when a sudden tipping (with respect to an established baseline axis) occurs. Some accelerometer can include three-dimensional axis sensitivity, however, to determine whether movement is occurring in a binary fashion (yes or no), fewer axis may be required. Limiting the number of axes can reduce cost, complexity, size, and power consumption, for example. 
     In some implementations, a piezoelectric buzzer can be employed (in place of or in addition to a standard speaker or another type of sensory-based, e.g., audible or visual alarm). Such a buzzer can also be considered a haptic device given the physical movement that can result. A piezo electric element is a crystal or ceramic that deforms slightly under an applied voltage. An alternating current (AC) voltage can be applied to some such devices at a frequency of a few thousand cycles per minute, deforming the device at the same frequency and producing an audible sound and/or haptic effect. A piezo implementation can be especially useful in this context to establish an alarm that is triggered if a high-value retail asset crosses a threshold or leaves a certain perimeter from a base station or other physical location. To save power, a piezo alarm can be modulated to only sound or buzz periodically and can be combined and or alternated with a light emitting diode for greater alarm efficacy and power savings. LED implementations can be used for both diagnostic and alarm applications. For example an LED can light up (or establish a pattern) to indicate a software status, a battery state, a distance or physical status, completion of a protocol, acknowledgement or transmission of a signal, etc. 
     Terminology and Conclusion 
     Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “might,” “may,” “for example,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” are to be construed to mean “one or more” or “at least one” unless specified otherwise. 
     Conjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y and Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X, Y or Z. Thus, such conjunctive language is not generally intended to imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y and at least one of Z to each be present. 
     While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features as applied to various embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the devices or algorithms illustrated can be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. Thus, nothing in the foregoing description is intended to imply that any particular feature, characteristic, step, module, or block is necessary or indispensable. As will be recognized, the processes described herein can be embodied within a form that does not provide all of the features and benefits set forth herein, as some features can be used or practiced separately from others. The scope of protection is defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. 
     Reference throughout this specification to “some embodiments” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least some embodiments. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in some embodiments” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment and may refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments. 
     As used in this application, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. 
     Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the above description of embodiments, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that any claim require more features than are expressly recited in that claim. Rather, inventive aspects lie in a combination of fewer than all features of any single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Accordingly, no feature or group of features is necessary or indispensable to each embodiment. 
     A number of applications, publications, and external documents may be incorporated by reference herein. Any conflict or contradiction between a statement in the body text of this specification and a statement in any of the incorporated documents is to be resolved in favor of the statement in the body text. 
     Although described in the illustrative context of certain preferred embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the disclosure extends beyond the specifically described embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the claims which follow should not be limited by the particular embodiments described above. 
     Broadly Applicable 
     Although this disclosure is made with reference to preferred and example embodiments, the systems and methods disclosed are not limited to the preferred embodiments only. Rather, a skilled artisan will recognize from the disclosure herein a wide number of alternatives. Unless indicated otherwise, it may be assumed that the process steps described herein are implemented within one or more modules, including logic embodied in hardware or firmware, or a collection of software instructions, possibly having entry and exit points, written in a programming language, such as, for example C++. A software module may be compiled and linked into an executable program, installed in a dynamic link library, or may be written in an interpretive language such as BASIC. It will be appreciated that software modules may be callable from other modules or from themselves, and/or may be invoked in response to detected events or interrupts. Software instructions may be embedded in firmware, such as an EPROM or EEPROM. It will be further appreciated that hardware modules may be comprised of connected logic units, such as gates and flip-flops, and/or may be comprised of programmable units, such as programmable gate arrays or processors. The modules described herein are preferably implemented as software modules, but may be represented in hardware or firmware. The software modules may be executed by one or more general purpose computers. The software modules may be stored on or within any suitable computer-readable medium. The data described herein may be stored in one or more suitable mediums, including but not limited to a computer-readable medium. The data described herein may be stored in one or more suitable formats, including but not limited to a data file, a database, an expert system, or the like. 
     Although the foregoing systems and methods have been described in terms of certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the disclosure herein. For example, although described in the context of consumer electronics (e.g., smartpens), any object to be secured or tracked may be used with embodiments of these aspects. Accordingly, the concepts represented herein may apply to any consumer or commercial good that is desired to be maintained within a limited space. Additionally, other combinations, omissions, substitutions and modifications will be apparent to the skilled artisan in view of the disclosure herein. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not limited to the preferred embodiments. 
     Clauses 
     Clause 1 A wireless, proximity-based security system for securing an object includes a base station having a housing and being connectable to a power source. The base station includes a first controller in communication with a first computer-readable memory having stored thereon executable instructions. An ultra-wideband antenna is in communication with the first controller. A speaker is for alerting a user of the system. A first NFC chip is for pairing a plurality of security fobs with the base station. The base station includes a visual indicator panel. The visual indicator panel includes a plurality of tri-color LEDs. Each of the tri-color LEDs is in communication with the first controller. 
     A security fob of the plurality of security fobs is securable to an object by a security loop and a security tether. The security loop locates within a housing of the security fob. A security tether couples within the security loop. The security fob includes a second controller in communication with a second computer-readable memory having stored thereon executable instructions. An ultra-wideband transceiver and second antenna are for communication with the base station. A second NFC chip is for pairing the security fob with the base station. An accelerometer is for detecting motion of the security fob. A piezo-speaker is for emitting an audible alarm. A battery cell is for providing power to the security fob components. 
     An administrator fob for pairing each of the plurality of security fobs with the base station. The administrator fob includes a housing and a third NFC chip for communicating with the first NFC chip of the base station. The security fob is paired with the base station to enable communication between the first controller and the second controller by first placing the third NFC chip of the administrator fob proximate the first NFC chip of the base station to generate a signal to the first controller that causes the base station to enter a pairing mode and subsequently placing the second NFC chip of the security fob adjacent to the first NFC chip of the base station to generate a pairing signal to the first controller to configure the ultra-wideband transceiver to communicate with the first controller through the ultra-wideband antenna. 
     One of the tri-color LEDs of the visual indicator panel corresponds to the security fob and indicates the pair status thereof by a first color. The first controller determines a location of the security fob from the base station by measuring at least one time-of-flight of a transmission on the ultra-wideband antenna between the base station and the security fob. The one of the tri-color LEDs of the visual indicator panel indicates the location of the corresponding security fob relative to an outer perimeter by a second color. The one of the tri-color LEDs of the visual indicator panel indicates the location of the corresponding security fob relative to a sub-perimeter by a third color. The speaker of the base station emits a first audible alarm when the location of the of the security fob is detected to be beyond of the outer perimeter. 
     The piezo-speaker of the security fob emits a second audible alarm when the location of the of the security fob is detected to be beyond of the outer perimeter. The security fob includes a sleep mode for conserving the battery cell and an active mode for tracking the location of the security fob. The security fob entering a sleep mode after a period of inactivity and entering the active mode after detecting motion of the security fob. 
     Clause 2 A wireless, proximity-based security system for securing an object that includes a base station, a security fob, and an administrator fob. T base station has a housing and is connectable to a power source. The base station includes a first controller, an ultra-wideband antenna in communication with the first controller and a visual indicator panel. 
     The security fob of a plurality of security fobs has a second controller, an ultra-wideband transceiver and second antenna for communication with the base station, and a battery cell. 
     The administrator fob pairs each of a plurality of security fobs with the base station. 
     One of the first and second controllers determines a location of the security fob from the base station by measuring at least one time-of-flight of a transmission between the base station and the security fob using the ultra-wideband transceiver. 
     A speaker of the system emits a first audible alarm when the location of the of the security fob is detected to be beyond an outer perimeter. 
     Clause 3 The system of Clause 2 where the base station includes a first NFC chip for pairing the plurality of security fobs with the base station. The security fob includes a second NFC chip for pairing the security fob with the base station. The administrator fob includes a third NFC chip for communicating with the first NFC chip of the base station. The security fob is paired with the base station to enable communication between the first controller and the second controller by first placing the third NFC chip of the administrator fob proximate the first NFC chip of the base station to generate a signal to the first controller that causes the base station to enter a pairing mode and subsequently placing the second NFC chip of the security fob adjacent to the first NFC chip of the base station to generate a pairing signal to the first controller to configure the ultra-wideband transceiver to communicate with the first controller through the ultra-wideband antenna. 
     Clause 4 The system of any of the above clauses where the security fob is securable to an object by a security loop and a security tether. The security loop located within a housing of the security fob, a security tether coupled within the security loop. 
     Clause 5 The system of any of the above clauses where the visual indicator panel has a plurality of tri-color LEDs, each of the tri-color LEDs in communication with the first controller. 
     Clause 6 The system of any of the above clauses where one of the tri-color LEDs of the visual indicator panel corresponds to the security fob and indicates the pair status thereof by a first color. 
     Clause 7 The system of any of the above clauses where the one of the tri-color LEDs of the visual indicator panel indicates the location of the corresponding security fob relative to an outer perimeter by a second color. 
     Clause 8 The system of any of the above clauses where the one of the tri-color LEDs of the visual indicator panel indicates the location of the corresponding security fob relative to a sub-perimeter by a third color. 
     Clause 9 The system of any of the above clauses where a piezo electric device of the security fob emits one of a second audible alarm and a haptic alarm when the location of the of the security fob is detected to be beyond the outer perimeter. 
     Clause 10 The system of any of the above clauses where a piezo electric device of the security fob emits a haptic alarm when the location of the of the security fob is detected to be beyond a sub-perimeter. 
     Clause 11 The system of any of the above clauses where the security fob includes an accelerometer for detecting motion of the security fob. The security fob includes a sleep mode for conserving the battery cell and an active mode for tracking the location of the security fob. The security fob entering a sleep mode after a period of inactivity and entering the active mode after detecting motion of the security fob. 
     Clause 12 A proximity alarm fob configurable for use in retail environments, the fob including a light, low-profile plastic casing configured for physical association with a valuable retail asset and shaped to enclose an electronic transceiver. A physical attachment feature facilitates the physical association between the plastic casing and the valuable retail asset. The low-profile plastic casing and valuable retail asset allow display and customer testing within an allowed perimeter distance of a base station in a retail display environment while reducing physical constraints on said testing. 
     A power source electrically connects to the other features of a low power microprocessor. The low power microprocessor draws down power from the power source in a limited manner over a prolonged period of time and to fit within the low-profile plastic casing. The microprocessor further includes or is electrically communicative with the following features: a clock, at least one radio frequency communication protocol for establishing a paired connection between the fob and at least one other device, a connection for firmware updates, and a security connection. 
     An accelerometer causes the fob to exit from a dormant mode when initially picked up after a physically dormant period, the dormant mode including less frequent or data rich radio frequency communication than a non-dormant mode. An alarm feature emits from the low-profile plastic casing. 
     Clause 13 The proximity alarm fob of any of the above clauses, including the physical attachment feature with a tether. One end of the tether couples with an eyelet within the low-profile plastic casing and the opposite end of the tether coupled with the valuable retail asset. 
     Clause 14 The proximity alarm fob of any of the above clauses, where the alarm feature includes a piezo-electric buzzer. 
     Clause 15 The proximity alarm fob of any of the above clauses, where the alarm feature includes an electric shock delivered a user. 
     Clause 16 The proximity alarm fob of any of the above clauses, where the alarm feature includes an LED. 
     Clause 17 The proximity alarm fob of any of the above clauses, where the alarm feature includes a speaker. 
     Clause 18 The proximity alarm fob of any of the above clauses, wherein the alarm features emits from a base station remote from the proximity alarm fob. 
     Clause 19 The proximity alarm fob of any of the above clauses, wherein the at least one radio frequency communication protocol is one of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and NFC. 
     Clause 20 A method of securing a valuable asset with a security fob in a retail environment. The method includes attaching the security fob with the valuable asset by a tether coupled within an aperture of a housing of the security fob. Pair the security fob with a base station using an NFC-enabled administrator fob, the pairing comprising. Initiate a first signal by placing the administrator fob in proximity to a NFC chip of the base station, a first controller executing instructions stored on a computer readable medium to enter a pairing mode based on the signal. Initiate a second signal by placing the security fob in proximity to the NFC chip of the base station, the first controller executing instructions stored on the computer readable medium to link a wireless interface of the security fob with the base station and to display a status of the security fob with a visual indicator panel of the base station using at least one LED. 
     Programming one of the security fob and the base station with an outer perimeter. Monitor the location of the security fob relative to the base station through the wireless interface in an active mode of the security fob. Enter a sleep mode of the security fob based on a signal from an accelerometer, the signal indicating no motion of the security fob detected for a predetermined time. Enter the active mode based on a signal from the security fob indicating motion of the security fob. Compare a detected location of the security fob with the outer perimeter and initiating a first alarm at the base station and a second alarm at the security fob.