Patent Publication Number: US-2022240258-A1

Title: Communication system and wireless interference management

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Conventional wireless networks typically include one or more wireless base stations to provide mobile communication devices access to a remote network such as the Internet. One type of wireless base station is a so-called CBSD (Citizen Broadband Radio Service Device). Such a device uses a wireless channel allocated from a CBRS (Citizens Band Radio Service) band to support communications with one or more mobile communication devices. 
     Typically, a so-called SAS (Spectrum Access Service) in a CBRS network allocates one or more wireless channels to a CBSD (such as a wireless base station) to support communications with respective user equipment such as one or more mobile communication devices. Each base station can be configured to communicate with the SAS to receive notification of the one or more wireless channels allocated for its use. In certain instances, the spectrum access system can be configured to deallocate wireless channels when wireless interference is above a threshold level. Controlled allocation of wireless channels by the spectrum access system helps to prevent interference. 
     There are multiple different types of wireless channels in a conventional CBRS band. For example, portions of bandwidth in a CBRS band include so-called Priority Access License (PAL) wireless channels, General Authorized Access (GAA) wireless channels, or a combination of both. 
     In general, PAL wireless channels are licensed wireless channels in which a corresponding licensee (such as an entity paying for use of the wireless channel) is provided some protection of use. For example, when no incumbent user (such as the government or military) requires use of the channels, the licenses entity is able to freely use the PAL wireless channels in respective one or more predetermined geographical regions without interference by other users (such as lower priority GAA users). The spectrum access system allocates GAA wireless channels to the general public (non-licensed users) when no incumbent uses the GAA channels. 
     Subsequent to allocation, the wireless base station then uses the allocated bandwidth to provide one or more communication devices access to a remote network such as the Internet. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiments herein provide novel ways of supporting improved wireless communications (such as via reduced wireless interference) to one or more communication devices in a network environment. 
     More specifically, a network environment includes a communication management resource (such as communication management hardware, communication management software, or a combination of both). The communication management resource receives allocated wireless bandwidth (such as one or more channels) and partitions the allocated wireless bandwidth into multiple virtual bandwidths (different bandwidth parts) such as a first virtual bandwidth and a second virtual bandwidth. 
     While in a first mode, the communication management resource determines wireless interference associated with transmission of first wireless communications over the first virtual bandwidth and the second virtual bandwidth such as from a wireless base station to multiple communication devices. Depending on the wireless interference determined during the first mode, the communication management resource controls conveyance of second wireless communications over the allocated wireless bandwidth to the multiple communication devices in accordance with a second mode. 
     In accordance with further example embodiments, determining the wireless interference associated with transmission of the first wireless communications over the allocated wireless bandwidth includes receiving feedback (such as from the multiple communication devices or other suitable entities) indicating wireless power levels of the multiple communication devices receiving the first wireless communications. Via the received feedback and potentially other information, the communication management resource determines an amount of wireless interference associated with transmission of the first wireless communications to the communication devices. 
     In further example embodiments, the communication management resource partitions the wireless channel into N virtual bandwidths, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the communication management resource determines the wireless interference via simultaneous transmission of the first communications over the N virtual bandwidths. More specifically, in one embodiment, the communication management resource partitions the allocated bandwidth into at least a first virtual bandwidth (such as a first bandwidth part including first resource blocks or resource elements) and a second virtual bandwidth (such as a second bandwidth part including second resource blocks or resource elements). In one embodiment, the communication management resource controls the wireless base station to, in a first time slot, simultaneously: i) communicate first wireless messages (in first resource blocks) from the wireless base station over the first virtual bandwidth to at least a first communication device of the multiple communication devices, and ii) communicate second wireless messages (in second resource blocks) from the wireless base station over the second virtual bandwidth to at least a second communication device of the multiple communication devices. 
     The communication management resource tracks (determines) the occurrence of wireless interference associated with use of the allocated bandwidth. For example, in one embodiment, the communication management resource receives first feedback indicating wireless interference associated with the first communication device (or a first set of communication devices) receiving the first wireless messages (via the first virtual bandwidth). The communication management resource receives second feedback indicating wireless interference associated with the second communication device (or a second set of communication devices) receiving the second wireless messages (via the second virtual bandwidth). 
     In further example embodiments, via the first feedback, the communication management resource produces interference metrics such as including: i) one or more first wireless interference metrics indicating wireless interference associated with communicating the first wireless messages from the wireless base station to the first communication device, ii) one or more second wireless interference metrics indicating wireless interference associated with communicating the second wireless messages from the wireless base station to the second communication device, and so on. 
     In response to detecting that the wireless interference associated with communicating the messages (such as first wireless messages, second wireless messages, etc.) over the allocated wireless bandwidth to the multiple communication devices is above a threshold for all of the virtual bandwidth portions associated with the allocated bandwidth, the communication management resource repartitions the allocated bandwidth into a different (such as larger or smaller) number of partitions. In a similar manner as previously discussed, the communication management resource determines a respective level of wireless interference associated with communicating over each of the new number of partitions of the allocated wireless bandwidth. 
     In one embodiment, as further discussed herein, in response to detecting wireless interference is above a threshold level for the first virtual bandwidth (first bandwidth portion) and wireless interference is below a threshold level for the second virtual bandwidth (second bandwidth portion), the communication management resource switches to operating a portion of the multiple communication devices in a device-to-device mode in which a first communication device (not experiencing the wireless interference) of the multiple communication devices receives a wireless message from the wireless base station and wirelessly transmits the wireless message to a second communication device (that did experience the wireless interference) of the multiple communication devices. Because the interference for the second virtual bandwidth is below the threshold level for communications between the wireless base station and the first communication device, the wireless base station continues to communicate the messages targeted to the first communication device directly from the wireless base station to the first communication device. 
     The dynamic transition to implementing the device-to-device communication mode for the second communication device in this example embodiment alleviates (such as reduces) wireless interference in the network environment, lessening the likelihood that the allocated wireless bandwidth will be revoked (deallocated) by a respective allocation management resource (such as spectrum access system). In other words, if the wireless interference associated with use of the allocated wireless bandwidth is reduced, there is no need for a respective allocation management resource such as a spectrum access system to deallocate or revoke use of the previously allocated wireless bandwidth. 
     In further example embodiments, the allocated wireless bandwidth is or includes one or more wireless channels or bandwidth allocated from a CBRS (Citizens Band Radio Service) bandwidth. In one embodiment, the communication management resource tracks (determines) the wireless interference associated with the wireless base station simultaneously, or sequentially, communicating: i) a first wireless message from the wireless base station over the wireless channel to a first communication device of the multiple communication devices, and ii) a second wireless message from the wireless base station over the wireless channel to a second communication device of the multiple communication devices. 
     As previously discussed, in one embodiment, controlling conveyance of the first communications over the allocated wireless bandwidth to the multiple communication devices depending on the determined wireless interference includes: in response to detecting wireless interference below a threshold value for a wireless message communicated from the wireless base station over the wireless channel to the first communication device and detecting wireless interference above a threshold value for a wireless message communicated from the wireless base station over the wireless channel to the second communication device, controlling the first communication device to operate in a device-to-device communications mode in which the first communication device conveys messages from the wireless base station to the second communication device. 
     Further embodiments herein include, via the communication management resource or other suitable entity, partitioning the wireless bandwidth (such as wireless channel) into a first virtual band and a second virtual band as previously discussed. The communication management resource then determines the wireless interference via simultaneous transmission of the first communications over the first virtual band and the second virtual band. In one embodiment, the first virtual band and the second virtual band operate in accordance with a same carrier frequency in which the wireless base station simultaneously transmits the first communications to the multiple communication devices visa communications over the carrier frequency. In other words, the wireless base station communicates wireless communications over the first virtual bandwidth to a first set of one or more communication devices via the same carrier frequency that the wireless base station communicates wireless communications over the second virtual bandwidth to a second set of one or more communication devices. 
     In further example embodiments, as previously discussed, the wireless bandwidth is allocated from a CBRS (Citizens Band Radio Service) bandwidth. Although embodiments herein can be implemented via any suitable wireless bandwidth. 
     Note that any of the resources as discussed herein can include one or more computerized devices, communication management resources, communication devices, servers, base stations, wireless communication equipment, communication management systems, controllers, workstations, user equipment, handheld or laptop computers, or the like to carry out and/or support any or all of the method operations disclosed herein. In other words, one or more computerized devices or processors can be programmed and/or configured to operate as explained herein to carry out the different embodiments as described herein. 
     Yet other embodiments herein include software programs to perform the steps and operations summarized above and disclosed in detail below. One such embodiment comprises a computer program product including a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (such as any computer readable hardware storage medium, computer readable storage hardware, etc.) on which software instructions are encoded for subsequent execution. The instructions, when executed in a computerized device (hardware) having a processor, program and/or cause the processor (hardware) to perform the operations disclosed herein. Such arrangements are typically provided as software, code, instructions, and/or other data (e.g., data structures) arranged or encoded on a non-transitory computer readable storage hardware medium such as an optical medium (e.g., CD-ROM), floppy disk, hard disk, memory stick, memory device, etc., or other a medium such as firmware in one or more ROM, RAM, PROM, etc., or as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), etc. The software or firmware or other such configurations can be installed on a computerized device to cause the computerized device to perform the techniques explained herein. 
     Accordingly, embodiments herein are directed to a method, system, computer program product, etc., that supports operations as discussed herein. 
     One embodiment includes a computer readable storage medium and/or system having instructions stored thereon to facilitate wireless communications and enhanced monitoring and reporting in a network environment. The instructions, when executed by computer processor hardware, cause the computer processor hardware (such as one or more co-located or disparately processor devices or hardware) to: receive allocation of wireless bandwidth; partition the allocated bandwidth; determine wireless interference associated with transmission of first wireless communications over different portions of the allocated wireless bandwidth from a wireless base station; and control conveyance of second wireless communications over the allocated wireless bandwidth to the multiple communication devices depending on the determined wireless interference. 
     Note that the ordering of the steps above has been added for clarity sake. Further note that any of the processing steps as discussed herein can be performed in any suitable order. 
     Other embodiments of the present disclosure include software programs and/or respective hardware to perform any of the method embodiment steps and operations summarized above and disclosed in detail below. 
     It is to be understood that the system, method, apparatus, instructions on computer readable storage media, etc., as discussed herein also can be embodied strictly as a software program, firmware, as a hybrid of software, hardware and/or firmware, or as hardware alone such as within a processor (hardware or software), or within an operating system or a within a software application. 
     As discussed herein, techniques herein are well suited for use in the field of providing communication services. However, it should be noted that embodiments herein are not limited to use in such applications and that the techniques discussed herein are well suited for other applications as well. 
     Additionally, note that although each of the different features, techniques, configurations, etc., herein may be discussed in different places of this disclosure, it is intended, where suitable, that each of the concepts can optionally be executed independently of each other or in combination with each other. Accordingly, the one or more present inventions as described herein can be embodied and viewed in many different ways. 
     Also, note that this preliminary discussion of embodiments herein (BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS) purposefully does not specify every embodiment and/or incrementally novel aspect of the present disclosure or claimed invention(s). Instead, this brief description only presents general embodiments and corresponding points of novelty over conventional techniques. For additional details and/or possible perspectives (permutations) of the invention(s), the reader is directed to the Detailed Description section (which is a summary of embodiments) and corresponding figures of the present disclosure as further discussed below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an example diagram illustrating a communication network environment and wireless interference testing of allocated bandwidth to communicate with multiple communication devices (a.k.a., user equipment) according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 2  is an example diagram illustrating allocation of CBRS bandwidth to support communications in a network environment according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 3  is an example diagram illustrating partitioning of allocated bandwidth into multiple portions according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 4  is an example diagram illustrating generation of schedule information to test occurrence of wireless interference associated with the partitioned allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 5  is an example diagram illustrating details of a resource block according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 6  is an example diagram illustrating receipt of performance feedback from one or more communication devices according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 7  is an example diagram illustrating different possible results of detecting wireless interference associated with each of the different portions of allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 8  is an example diagram illustrating use of the allocated wireless bandwidth to communicate between a respective wireless base station and multiple communication devices according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 9  is an example diagram illustrating implementation of a device-to-device communication mode in response to detecting wireless interference during use of the allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 10  is an example diagram illustrating implementation of a device-to-device communication mode in response to detecting wireless interference during use of allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 11  is an example diagram illustrating repartitioning of the allocated bandwidth into multiple different virtual bands and testing of same to identify occurrence of wireless interference associated with different portions of the allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 12  is an example diagram illustrating generation of schedule information to test occurrence of wireless interference associated with the repartitioned allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 13  is an example diagram illustrating a communication network environment and testing use of the repartitioned allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 14  is an example diagram illustrating receipt of performance feedback from one or more communication devices according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 15  is an example diagram illustrating analysis of received feedback and different possible results of detecting wireless interference associated with each of the different portions of virtual bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 16  is an example diagram illustrating use of the allocated wireless bandwidth to communicate between a respective wireless base station and multiple communication devices according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 17  is an example diagram illustrating implementation of a device-to-device communication mode to reduce wireless interference in response to detecting wireless interference during use of allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 18  is an example diagram illustrating example computer architecture operable to execute one or more operations according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 19  is an example diagram illustrating a method according to embodiments herein. 
     
    
    
     The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments herein, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, with emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the embodiments, principles, concepts, etc. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In accordance with general embodiments, a communication management resource receives allocation of wireless bandwidth. The communication management resource partitions the allocated bandwidth into different portions (such as bandwidth parts) that are tested for occurrence of wireless interference. Via performance feedback such as from the communication devices or other suitable one or more entities, the communication management resource as discussed herein determines wireless interference associated with transmission of first wireless communications over different allocated bandwidth portions (such as first virtual bandwidth, second virtual bandwidth, etc.) of the allocated wireless bandwidth from a wireless base station to multiple communication devices. 
     In a subsequent communication mode after determining wireless interference, the communication management resource then controls conveyance of second wireless communications over the allocated wireless bandwidth to the multiple communication devices depending on the wireless interference determined in the test mode. 
     One embodiment herein includes at least temporarily operating a portion (such as one or more) of the communication devices in a device-to-device mode instead of a direct wireless base station to communication device communication mode in order to alleviate wireless interference when using the allocated wireless bandwidth. 
     For example, in one embodiment, a wireless base station (such as CBSD or other suitable resource) is turned on and registers with a spectrum access system for wireless bandwidth. 
     The spectrum access system grants an amount of bandwidth such as at least 20 MHz of spectrum up to 100 MHz of wireless bandwidth from a suitable wireless spectrum. 
     A communication management resource partitions the allocated bandwidth. The wireless base station then transmits data in the allocated bandwidth. More specifically, in one embodiment, the communication management resource associated with the wireless base station creates virtual spectrum bands in an allocated bandwidth, such as 20 MHz of spectrum. 
     Assume that the 20 MHz of allocated bandwidth includes 100 physical resource blocks. In such an instance, each 10 MHz of the allocated bandwidth includes 50 resource blocks. 
     In one embodiment: 
     i). the wireless base station transmits to a first communication device (or first group of communication devices) using the first 50 resource blocks; 
     ii). the wireless base station transmits to a second communication device (or second group of communication devices) using the second 50 resource blocks. 
     The wireless base station requests channel quality measurements from the communication devices. In such an instance, the communication devices report back with RSSI information (received signal strength) associated with the communications from the wireless base station to the communication devices. The signal strength information indicates a respective wireless signal level at which communications from the wireless base station are received by the respective communication device. 
     In one embodiment, the wireless base station (such as communication management resource) uses a reverse look up table to determine the corresponding SNIR level for that CQI. For example, this can be the same method that UEs use to determine CQI level. When the wireless base station transmits wireless signals to a particular UE in an assigned one or more resource block, that UE measures the RSRP level from the transmitted signal from the wireless base station, and matches its measured RSRP level to SNIR level using its respective lookup table. Via another look-up table, the wireless base station uses the SNIR level to determine a CQI level from the SNIR. 
     Based on the SNIR value and RSSI and other potentially information (effectively interference measurement information associated with the respective virtual bandwidth used to communicate with the communication device), the wireless base station determines the amount interference in each corresponding 10 MHz bandwidth portion of the allocated bandwidth. 
     The wireless base station repeatedly monitors all spectrum bands (of the allocated bandwidth) such as in 10 MHz chunks. The wireless base station profiles or tracks (determines) interference in each 10 MHz band (virtual bandwidth) based on respective detected interference level in each 10 MHz band. 
     In one embodiment, if the wireless base station determines that two users (communication devices) experience similar interference levels above a threshold value in the same 10 MHz band being tested, the wireless base station will turn on D2D (device-to-device) mode for these user devices so that they can start transmission between each other. For example, in one embodiment, one of the communication devices is assigned as a main UE that receives data from the wireless base station and sends received data to the wireless base station. The wireless base station uses the same 10 MHz band to send data to different UEs in the network so that CBSD can profile each 10 Mhz for each UE in the network. 
     In further example embodiments, the wireless base station selects one UE to send data in the DOWNLINK direction and to receive data in the UPLINK direction. This user equipment is called a ‘primary UE’ and it will distribute data to another ‘secondary UEs’ in network. In one embodiment, the ‘Secondary UE’ is connected to ‘primary UE’ through a respective D2D communication link between the communication devices. When sends the secondary UE wirelessly sends packets, the ‘secondary UE’ will mark these packets as ‘Secondary UE together with its IMSI’ (International Mobile Subscriber Identity). When the primary UE receives these packets from secondary UE, the primary UE will check IMSI field of this packet, and if it is determined to be transmitted from the secondary UE, the primary UE will not change the already recorded IMSI value in the data packets. The primary UE will also record the antenna number that it receives the ‘Secondary UE&#39;s’ data. 
     The primary UE sends the data received from the ‘Secondary UE’s in an uplink direction to the wireless base station and receives data directed to the ‘Secondary UE&#39;s’ in the downlink direction from the wireless base station. 
     The primary UE sends the ‘Secondary UE’s data to the secondary UE using the same antenna that it received the ‘Secondary UE’s data from the wireless base station. 
     Thus, in one embodiment, during device-to-device mode (or D2D), at least one UE (the one experiencing the high wireless interference) will stop using the 10 MHz spectrum band directly, and this band is assigned to another UE in the network (of course, temporarily). 
     In further example embodiments, the wireless base station turns off D2D mode randomly or at specified times to test and collect measurements and update the interference levels associated with the communication devices. If no interference occurs during subsequent testing of the different bandwidth parts (virtual bandwidths) associated with the allocated bandwidth, the wireless base station communicates directly with the communication devices instead of operating in the device-to-device mode. However, for portions of the allocated bandwidth where interference is detected, the wireless base station implements a device-to-device mode of supporting wireless communications as further discussed herein. 
     Now, more specifically, with reference to the drawings,  FIG. 1  is an example diagram illustrating a communication network and interference testing of allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
     As shown, network environment  100  includes bandwidth allocation management resource  140 , network  190  (such as the Internet or other suitable entity), and multiple wireless base stations including wireless base station  121  at location L 31 , wireless base station  122  at location L 32 , wireless base station  123  at location L 33 , wireless base station  124  at location L 34 , wireless base station  125  at location L 35 , etc. 
     As further shown, the network environment  100  includes multiple sets of communication devices including: i) a first set  181  of communication devices including communication device UE 11 , communication device UE 12 , communication device UE 13 , etc.; and ii) a second set  182  of communication devices including communication device UE 21 , communication device UE 22 , communication device UE 23 , etc. 
     Each of the communication devices is mobile or stationary. 
     The communication devices (such as different instances of user equipment) in network environment  100  can be of any type. For example, the communication devices can include one or more mobile communication devices, wireless stations, computers, etc. 
     Further in this example embodiment, each wireless base station in network environment  100  has a corresponding communication management resource that manages communications with respective communication devices in the network environment  100 . 
     For example, communication management resource  131  manages operation of wireless base station  121 ; communication management resource  132  manages operation of wireless base station  122 ; communication management resource  133  manages operation of wireless base station  123 ; communication management resource  134  manages operation of wireless base station  124 ; communication management resource  135  manages operation of wireless base station  125 ; and so on. 
     Note that each of the resources in network environment  100  can be configured to include or be configured as appropriate hardware, software, or combination of hardware and software to carry out respective operations as discussed herein. 
     More specifically, the communication management resource  131  associated with wireless base station  121  as described herein can be implemented via respective communication management hardware, communication management software, or a combination of both. 
     The interference management resource  141  associated with communication management resource  131  as described herein can be implemented via respective interference management hardware, interference management software, or a combination of both. 
     The scheduler  142  associated with the communication management resource  131  as described herein can be implemented via respective scheduler management hardware, scheduler management software, or a combination of both. 
     As previously discussed, network environment  100  includes allocation management resource  140 . The allocation management resource  140  in network environment  100  can be implemented via respective allocation management hardware, allocation management software, or a combination of both. 
     Note further that embodiments herein are applicable to any suitable type of wireless communication system. For example, the communication links between the wireless base station and respective communication devices can be configured to support communications in accordance with any suitable type of wireless communication protocol such as 4G, 5G, LTE (Long Term Evolution), NR, etc. 
     The wireless base station  121  (such as a CBSD or Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device, general wireless station, etc.) supports wireless communications with the respective communication devices UE 11 , UE 12 , . . . , UE 21 , UE 22 , etc., via any suitable wireless communication protocol. In one embodiment, the wireless base station  121  implements use of a CBRS (Citizens Band Radio Service) wireless bandwidth and corresponding suitable communication protocol. An example of CBRS bandwidth is shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     Referring again to  FIG. 1 , via communications  151 , the communication management resource  131  of wireless base station  121  communicates with the allocation management resource  140  (such as spectrum access system) over network  190  (such as including the Internet or other networks) for allocation of wireless channels to communicate in the network environment  100 . 
     More specifically, via communications  151 , the communication management resource  131  (wireless station  121 ) registers with the allocation management resource  140  and requests allocation of wireless bandwidth. 
     In response to the registration and corresponding request for allocation of bandwidth, the allocation management resource  140  transmits communications  152  to the communication management resource  131 . In one embodiment, the communications  152  generated by the allocation management resource  140  indicate that the wireless bandwidth BW 1  (such as 20 MHz of wireless bandwidth or other bandwidth amount) has been allocated for use by the wireless base station  121  to communicate with one or more communication devices in network environment  100 . As previously discussed, the wireless network BW 1  can be allocated from any suitable wireless band. 
     Note again that the wireless base station BW 1  can be allocated from a CBRS band or any other wireless spectrum. 
     As previously discussed, the network environment  100  includes multiple wireless base stations that potentially use the same bandwidth BW 1  to communicate with a respective communication devices. In such an instance, use of the allocated bandwidth BW 1  is susceptible to wireless interference. 
     In one embodiment, if wireless interference is detected in bandwidth BW 1 , the allocation management resource  140  may revoke use of the allocated bandwidth. Revocation of bandwidth BW 1  by the allocation management resource  140  is undesirable. To avoid revocation of the wireless bandwidth BW 1 , embodiments herein include being proactive about detecting occurrence of wireless interference associated with the allocated bandwidth BW 1  and then implementing a respective solution to reduce the occurrence of wireless interference associated with the allocated bandwidth BW 1 . In such an instance, the reduction in wireless interference associated with use of allocated bandwidth BW 1  as discussed herein alleviates the need for the allocation management resource  140  to deallocate use of bandwidth BW 1 . 
     As discussed in  FIG. 2 , the allocation management resource  140  can be configured to allocate the bandwidth BW 1  from a CBRS band or another spectrum. In such an instance, because embodiments herein reduce wireless interference, implementing interference reduction techniques as discussed herein reduces the likelihood that the allocation management resource  140  will need to revoke allocation of corresponding CBRS bandwidth. 
     In accordance with further example embodiments, the communication management resource  131  initially and repeatedly thereafter at different times operates in an interference analysis mode to determine whether use of the allocated wireless bandwidth BW 1  results in undesirable interference. For example, the communication manager resource  131  initially partitions ( FIG. 3 ) the received wireless bandwidth BW 1  into multiple different portions such as virtual bandwidth VB 1  (first bandwidth part) and the VB 2  (second bandwidth part). 
     In one embodiment, as further discussed herein in  FIG. 3 , the virtual bandwidth VB 1  is a first bandwidth part and the virtual bandwidth VB 2  is a second bandwidth part associated with the allocated bandwidth BW 1 .  FIG. 3  discusses partitioning of the received bandwidth BW 1  into the virtual bandwidth VB 1  and virtual bandwidth VB 2 . 
       FIG. 2  is an example diagram illustrating allocation of CBRS bandwidth to support communications in a network environment according to embodiments herein. 
     It is known that a CBRS network (or any wireless network) is an interference limited network, which means the amount of interference in the network environment  100  will determine service quality delivered to respective communication devices (such as wireless subscribers). In a CBRS network, a spectrum access system (SAS) such as allocation management resource  140  manages the interference in network environment  100  (to be below a threshold value for each allocated channel) via careful allocation of wireless channels. 
     As previously discussed, there are two spectrum classifications in CBRS: one classification type is Priority Access License (PAL) users, and the second classification type is General Availability Access (GAA). PAL is a licensed part of the CBRS spectrum, and GAA is free to anyone that wants to operate in the CBRS band with a spectrum grant permission from the allocation management resource  140 . In other words, if channels are free, the spectrum access system (such as allocation management resource  140 ) allocates wireless channels to different GAA users. 
     In one embodiment, the wireless bandwidth (such as bandwidth BW 1 ) such as one or more wireless channels allocated to the wireless base station  121  can be revoked (de-allocated from the wireless base station  121 ) in response to the allocation management resource  140  detecting a condition such as that an incumbent user having a higher priority than the wireless base station  121  needs to use or starts to use such wireless channels. Revocation of bandwidth can include communicating a revocation message from the allocation management resource  140  to the communication management resource  131  of wireless base station  121 . 
     Thus, in one embodiment, the wireless base station  121  and communication management resource  131  provides wireless connectivity via CBRS or other suitable wireless communication protocol to the multiple mobile communication devices in the network environment  100 . The allocation management resource  140  can be configured to revoke use of the allocated wireless bandwidth BW 1  in response to detecting use allocation of the bandwidth BW 1  to the incumbent user (higher priority user). 
     Note further that there are also so-called hybrid wireless base station operators that implement use of both PAL and GAA wireless bandwidth to communicate with respective communication devices. In GAA, the CBRS band includes 100 MHz of spectrum available that can be granted to any wireless operator as a general user. In certain instances, the allocation management resource  140  allocates the CBRS spectrum in 10 MHz spectrum chunks (or other suitable partitions). Therefore, every 10 MHz bandwidth portion experiences a different level of interference depending on whether the same 10 MHz is being used by another wireless base station in its vicinity. 
     As discussed herein, embodiments herein include leveraging use of device-to-device (D2D) communication methods to transmit data between communication devices in the network environment  100  in response to detecting wireless interference conditions. 
     In one non-limiting example embodiment, the allocation management resource  140  allocates bandwidth from a so-called CBRS (Citizens Band Radio System) band operating between 3.550 and 3.700 GHz (GigaHertz) (such as 150 MegaHertz or 15 wireless channels that are each 10 MHz wide or other sized bandwidth portions, or  8  channels approximately 20 MHz each). 
     In accordance with further embodiments, the allocation management resource  140  (such as spectrum access system, allocation management resource, or other suitable entity) keeps track, at any given time, which wireless channels or portions of the multi-tier wireless spectrum or multi-tier radio band (such as CBRS band) are available and used in the geographical region in which the network environment  100  resides. If government use (a so-called incumbent user) is detected or requested via appropriate input (such as shown around time T 5 ) to the allocation management resource  140 , certain channels (such as channels  4 ,  5 , and  6 ) are no longer available for use as shown in graph  200 . 
     More specifically, in this example, prior to time T 5 , channels  4 - 8  are available to the general authorized access users (general public or low priority users) for use; channels  1 - 3  are available for use by a respective one or more licensee. 
     As further shown, at or around time T 5 , assume that the allocation management resource  140  receives input indicating use of a portion (channels  4 - 6 ) of the spectrum by an incumbent user such as the government. In such an instance, the allocation management resource  140  updates the channel availability such that only channels  7  and  8  are available to the general authorized access users; channels  4 - 6  are assigned for use by an incumbent entity requesting use or actually using the channels; wireless channels  1 - 3  are allocated for use by a first licensee. Thus, after time T 5 , the wireless channels  4 - 6  are no longer available for use by the lower priority users (i.e., general authorized access users). 
     In one embodiment, in response to revocation of the allocation of wireless bandwidth BW 1  (such as one of channels  4 - 6 ), assuming that bandwidth BW 1  is wireless channel # 5 , the allocation management resource  140  notifies the wireless base station  131  at or around time T 5  that the wireless base station  131  is no longer able to use wireless bandwidth BW 1  because it has been revoked and assigned for use by the incumbent user. 
     Thus, between time T 1  and time T 5 , the wireless base station  131  uses the wireless bandwidth BW 1  (such as wireless channel # 5 ) to provide the respective user equipment connectivity to the remote network  190 . At or around time T 5 , the communication management resource  140  deallocates use of the wireless bandwidth BW 1  (such as wireless channel # 5 ) from the wireless base station  131  in favor of use of the wireless channel by the incumbent user after time T 5 . 
     Alternatively, the wireless bandwidth BW 1  is a licensed wireless channel such as wireless channel # 1 . In such an instance, at time T 5 , the allocation management resource  140  does not revoke use of the wireless bandwidth BW 1 . 
     This illustrates the dynamic availability of different wireless bandwidth in a hierarchy as shared in network environment  100 . For example, if communication management resource  140  allocates use of wireless channels # 4 - 6  in the hierarchy of available channels to any of base stations, then the allocation management resource  140  must de-allocate use of such wireless channels during conditions in which a higher priority so-called incumbent user relinquishes use of wireless channels  4 - 6  at or around time T 5 . In such an instance, as previously discussed, the communication management resource  140  deallocates the wireless channels  4 - 6  from respective wireless stations for use instead by the incumbent user (higher priority user). Wireless channels  1 - 3  do not experience 
       FIG. 3  is an example diagram illustrating partitioning of the allocated bandwidth into multiple portions according to embodiments herein. 
     In further example embodiments, with reference to both  FIGS. 1 and 3 , the communication management resource  131  partitions the allocated bandwidth BW 1  into a first virtual bandwidth (such as including first bandwidth part including fifty physical resource blocks RB 1  to RB 50 ) and a second virtual bandwidth (such as a second physical bandwidth part including fifty resource blocks RB 51  to RB 100 ). 
     In one embodiment, bandwidth BW 1  is assigned a single carrier frequency CF 1  in which to communicate the 100 resource blocks in each of the time slots of a respective timeframe. As further discussed below, the data transmitted in each of the resource blocks is destined for delivery to a particular target communication device via use of an appropriate code assigned to the communication device. 
     As further shown, each of the resource blocks in grid  399  includes multiple resource elements in which respective data is transmitted. An example of a respective resource block and respective resource elements is shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     In one embodiment, referring again to  FIGS. 1 and 3 , the communication management resource  131  controls the wireless base station  121  to, in a first time slot TS # 1  between time T 0  and time T 1  (and potentially additional time slots TS 1 , TS 2 , etc.), simultaneously: i) communicate data in first wireless messages  171  (see  FIG. 1 ) (in first resource blocks RB 1 , RB 2 , RB 3 , . . . RB 50 ) from the wireless base station  121  over the first virtual bandwidth VB 1  to a first target communication device UE 1  or multiple communication devices, and ii) communicate data in second wireless messages  172  (in second resource blocks RB 51 , RB 52 , RB 53 , . . . RB 100 ) from the wireless base station  121  over the second virtual bandwidth VB 2  to a second communication device UE 2  or multiple communication devices. 
     If desired, the communication management resource  131  repeats communicating messages to the respective instances of user equipment via virtual bandwidth VB 1  and VB 2  over any of one or more timeslots TS # 2 , TS # 3 , etc., or timeframes TF 1 , TF 2 , etc. 
     Thus, in one embodiment, the communication management resource  131  uses the first virtual bandwidth VB 1  to communicate with one or more of the communication devices UE 11 , U 12 , UE 13 , etc., in the first set  181 ; the communication management resource  131  uses the second virtual bandwidth VB 2  to communicate with one or more of the communication devices UE 21 , U 22 , UE 23 , etc., in the second set  182 . 
     Further embodiments herein include, via the communication management resource  131  or other suitable entity, partitioning the wireless bandwidth BW 1  (such as wireless channel) into a first virtual band VB 1  and a second virtual band VB 2 . In one embodiment, the wireless base station  121  communicates data using the first virtual band VB 1  and the second virtual band VB 2  using the same carrier frequency CF 1  (such as center of bandwidth BW 1 ) in which the wireless base station  121  simultaneously transmits the data (such as communications  171 ) in respective resource blocks over the first carrier frequency CF 1  first communications to the multiple communication devices. 
     In further example embodiments, data in each of the resource blocks is communicated to the target user equipment in accordance with codes (each resource block data is masked by a user equipment identifier). For example, assume that the user equipment UE 11  is assigned a unique identifier code UC 1 ; user equipment U 21  is assigned a unique identifier code UC 2 . 
     In such an instance, as further shown in  FIG. 4 , the scheduler  143  in this example embodiment notifies the user equipment UE 11  of the assignment of resource blocks  1 - 50  in time slot TS # 1  (or other time slots) to receive first data; the scheduler  143  in this example embodiment notifies the user equipment UE 21  of the assignment of resource blocks  51 - 100  in time slot TS # 1  (or other timeslots) to receive second data. The respective communication devices receive the data transmitted over carrier frequency CF 1  and, in accordance with schedule information  425  ( FIG. 4 ), receive data from the wireless base station  131  in the one or more assigned resource blocks. 
       FIG. 4  is an example diagram illustrating generation of schedule information to test occurrence of wireless interference associated with allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
     In one embodiment, the scheduler resource  140  or other suitable entity generates the schedule information  425 . As its name suggests, the schedule information  425  provides notification of which resource block and corresponding data is destined for a particular communication device. 
     For example, as previously discussed, resource blocks RB 1  to RB 50  for time slot TS 1  of grid  399  are assigned code UC 11  associated with the communication device UE 11 . The schedule information  425  provides notification to the communication device UE 11  that the data in resource blocks RB 1  to RB 50  in time slot TS 1  of grid  399  are destined for the communication device UE 11 . In one embodiment, the communication device UE 11  uses its assigned code UC 11  to retrieve the data in resource blocks RB 1 -RB 50  associated with communications over carrier frequency CF 1  transmitted from the wireless base station  131 . 
     Resource blocks RB 51  to RB 100  for time slot TS 1  of grid  399  are assigned code UC 21  associated with the communication device UE 21 . This provides notification to the communication device UE 21  that the data in resource blocks RB 51  to RB 100  in time slot TS 1  of grid  399  are destined for the communication device UE 21 . The communication device UE 21  uses its assigned code UC 21  to retrieve the data in resource blocks RB 51 -RB 100  associated with communications over carrier frequency CF 1  transmitted from the wireless base station  131 . 
     In one embodiment, as previously discussed, the wireless base station  121  communicates the schedule information  425  to each respective communication device so that the communication devices are aware of which resource blocks are assigned to them. 
       FIG. 5  is an example diagram illustrating details of a resource block according to embodiments herein. 
     Resource block  501  is an example of each of the resource blocks in the grid  399 . 
     In this example embodiment, resource block RB 1  of grid  399  in time slot TS 1  and timeframe TF 1  is assigned unique code UC 11  destined to communication device UE 11 . Resource block RB 1  includes multiple resource elements  550  (between time T 0  and T 1 ). Each of the resource blocks in grid  399  includes multiple resource elements similar to that shown in  FIG. 5  for resource block RB 1 . 
     In one nonlimiting example embodiment, each resource element  550  enables transmission of one symbol in a respective subchannel. Thus, resource block RB 1  (of 1 mS duration and 12 subchannels (sub-carrier frequencies at 15 KHz each) including sub-channel # 1 , sub-channel # 2 , sub-channel # 3 , etc.) supports conveyance of multiple symbols between the wireless base station  131  and the target user equipment assigned to receive data in the resource block RB 1 . As previously discussed, the user equipment UE 1  uses the respective assigned code UC 11  to retrieve the data transmitted in the respective resource block RB 1 . 
     In one embodiment, each resource block RB 1  and the like is made up of twelve subchannels sub-channel # 1 , sub-channel # 2 , wireless channel # 3 , . . . , sub-channel # 12 , each supporting a bandwidth of 15 KHz, each carrying multiple OFDM symbols (such as 14 or other suitable value) over a respective duration of a time slot (such as 0.5 mS or other suitable value). This means each resource block  501  is 15 KHz×12=180 KHz wide in frequency and is composed of 12×14=168 resource elements (such as symbols). In one embodiment, each resource element supports transmission of a single symbol (schedule of 140 symbols). 
     As previously discussed, a respective wireless station (such as user equipment) receiving the schedule information  425  derived from the grid  399  for a respective timeframe uses the received schedule information  425  to determine which blocks are directed to in the transmitted wireless link. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 1 , the wireless base station  121  transmits data over the bandwidth BW 1  over a respective one or more wireless communication links to target communication devices in accordance with the grid  399  and schedule information  425 . As further discussed below, each of the communication devices measures a wireless power at which the communications are received over the wireless bandwidth BW 1 . As further discussed below, the communication devices provide feedback regarding the quality of communications received from the communication devices. 
       FIG. 6  is an example diagram illustrating receipt of performance feedback from one or more mobile communication devices according to embodiments herein. 
     As shown, each of the communication devices provides feedback regarding a wireless power level at which the communication device received communications from the wireless base station  121  in the assigned resource blocks. 
     For example, the communication device UE 11  provides feedback  511  over a wireless communication link such as virtual bandwidth VB 1  or other suitable bandwidth to the wireless base station  121  regarding the signal level at which the communication device UE 11  received the data in any of one or more of its assigned resource blocks RB 1  to RB 50 . The communication device UE 12  provides feedback  512  over a wireless communication link such as virtual bandwidth VB 2  or other suitable bandwidth to the wireless base station  121  regarding the signal level at which the communication device UE 12  received the data in one or more of its assigned resource blocks RB 51  to RB 100 . 
     In one embodiment, as previously discussed, the wireless base station (such as communication management resource) uses a reverse look up table to determine the corresponding SNIR level for that CQI. For example, this can be the same method that UEs use to determine CQI level. When the wireless base station transmits signals to a particular UE, that UE measures the RSRP level from the transmitted signal from the wireless base station, and matches its measured RSRP level to SNIR level using its respective lookup table. Via another look-up table, the wireless base station uses the SNIR level provided by the respective communication device to determine a CQI level from the SNIR. 
     Based on the SNIR value and RSSI (effectively interference measurement information associated with the respective virtual bandwidth used to communicate with the communication device) and potentially other measurement information, the communication management resource  131  determines the amount interference in each of the corresponding resource blocks and thus virtual bandwidth VB 1  and VB 2 . 
     Thus, embodiments herein include determining the wireless interference associated with transmission of the first wireless communications  171  and  172  over the allocated wireless bandwidth includes receiving feedback  511 ,  512 , etc., (such as from the multiple communication devices or other suitable entities) indicating wireless power levels of the multiple communication devices receiving the first wireless communications. Via the received feedback, the communication management resource  131  determines an amount of wireless interference associated with transmission of the first wireless communications  171  and  172  to the communication devices. 
     In one embodiment, the communication management resource  131  determines and tracks the occurrence of wireless interference associated with use of the allocated bandwidth BW 1 . For example, in one embodiment, the communication management resource  131  receives first feedback indicating wireless interference associated with the first communication device (or a first set of communication devices) receiving the first wireless messages (via the first virtual bandwidth). The communication management resource  131  receives second feedback indicating wireless interference associated with the second communication device (or a second set of communication devices) receiving the second wireless messages (via the second virtual bandwidth). 
     Depending on the determined level of wireless interference associated with each of the virtual bandwidths VB 1  and VB 2 , the communication management resource  131  implements one of multiple different operational modes as further discussed in  FIG. 7 . 
       FIG. 7  is an example diagram illustrating different possible cases of detecting wireless interference associated with each of the different portions of virtual bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , based on the received feedback ( FIG. 6 ) from the communication devices during testing use of the virtual bandwidth VB 1  and virtual bandwidth VB 2 , the interference management resource  141  of the communication management resource  131  (and wireless base station  121 ) produces wireless interference metrics. 
     For example, via the first feedback associated with receipt of communications in resource blocks  1 - 100 , the interference management resource  141  produces interference metrics such as including: i) a first wireless interference metric indicating wireless interference associated with communicating the wireless messages  171  from the wireless base station  121  to the first communication device UE 11  in respective assigned resource blocks via the virtual bandwidth VB 1  (resource blocks  1 - 50 , ii) a second wireless interference metric indicating wireless interference associated with communicating the second wireless messages  172  from the wireless base station  121  to the second communication device UE 21  in respective assigned resource blocks via the virtual bandwidth VB 2  (resource blocks  51 - 100 ), and so on. 
     Via interference management resource  141 , the communication management resource  131  determines and tracks the wireless interference associated with the wireless base station  131  simultaneously communicating: i) one or more wireless messages  171  from the wireless base station  131  over the wireless channel (virtual bandwidth VB 1  of bandwidth BW 1 ) to a first communication device UE 11  of the multiple communication devices, and ii) one or more wireless messages  172  from the wireless base station  131  over the wireless channel (virtual bandwidth VB 2  of bandwidth BW 2 ) to a second communication device UE 21  of the multiple communication devices. 
     In one embodiment, based on feedback and determination of wireless interference as previously discussed, the interference management resource  141  produces a first interference metric X indicating an amount of wireless interference associated with communicating with one or more communication devices via the first virtual bandwidth VB 1 ; the interference management resource  141  produces a second interference metric Y indicating an amount of wireless interference associated with communicating with one or more communication devices via the first virtual bandwidth VB 2 ; and so on. 
     Based on a magnitude of the respective interference metrics X and Y, the interference management resource  141  determines whether the wireless interference associated with using the virtual bandwidth VB 1  and virtual bandwidth VB 2  is above or below a respective threshold level. 
     For example, if the magnitude of the detected wireless interference for communications transmitted in resource blocks is less than threshold level, the interference management resource  141  produces a value of LOW INTERFERENCE. Conversely, if the magnitude of the detected wireless interference for communications transmitted in resource blocks is higher than the threshold level, the interference management resource  141  produces a value of HIGH INTERFERENCE. 
     In case # 1  and corresponding tracked outcome of monitoring wireless interference associated with virtual bandwidth VB 1  and virtual bandwidth VB 2 , the communication management resource  131  detects that wireless interference associated with use of the first virtual bandwidth VB 1  and second virtual bandwidth VB 2  results in low interference as indicated by the wireless interference information  710 - 1 . In such an instance, the communication management resource  131  operates in the communication mode as in  FIG. 8 . 
     In case # 2  and corresponding tracked outcome of monitoring wireless interference associated with virtual bandwidth VB 1  and virtual bandwidth VB 2 , the communication management resource  131  detects that wireless interference associated with use of the first virtual bandwidth VB 1  results in low interference and use of the second virtual bandwidth VB 2  results in high interference as indicated by the wireless interference information  710 - 2 . In such an instance, the communication management resource  131  operates in the communication mode as in  FIG. 9 . 
     In case # 3  and corresponding tracked outcome of monitoring wireless interference associated with virtual bandwidth VB 1  and virtual bandwidth VB 2 , the communication management resource  131  detects that wireless interference associated with use of the first virtual bandwidth VB 1  results in high interference and use of the second virtual bandwidth VB 2  results in low interference as indicated by the wireless interference information  710 - 3 . In such an instance, the communication management resource  131  operates in the communication mode as in  FIG. 10 . 
     In case # 4  and corresponding tracked outcome of monitoring wireless interference associated with virtual bandwidth VB 1  and virtual bandwidth VB 2 , the communication management resource  131  detects that wireless interference associated with use of the first virtual bandwidth VB 1  results in high interference and use of the second virtual bandwidth VB 2  results in high interference as indicated by the wireless interference information  710 - 4 . In such an instance, the communication management resource  131  operates in the communication mode as in  FIG. 11 . 
       FIG. 8  is an example diagram illustrating use of the allocated wireless bandwidth to communicate between a respective wireless base station and multiple mobile communication devices according to embodiments herein. 
     In this example embodiment, in response to detecting low interference associated with communicating over both the virtual bandwidth VB 1  and virtual bandwidth VB 2 : i) the wireless base station  121  uses the virtual bandwidth VB 1  to communicate with at least communication device UE 11 , and ii) the wireless base station  121  uses the virtual bandwidth VB 2  to communicate with at least communication device UE 21 . 
       FIG. 9  is an example diagram illustrating implementation of a device-to-device communication mode in response to detecting wireless interference during use of allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
     In one embodiment, as further discussed herein, in response to detecting wireless interference is above a threshold level for the second virtual bandwidth VB 2  and wireless interference is below a threshold level for the first virtual bandwidth VB 1 , the communication management resource  131  switches to operating a portion of the multiple communication devices (such as communication device UE 11 ) in a device-to-device mode in which a first communication device UE 11  (not experiencing the wireless interference) is designated as a primary UE. The communication device UE 21  is designated as a secondary UE. In such an instance, to alleviate interference, the communication management resource  131  notifies the communication device UE 11  and communication device UE 21  to operate in a device-to-device mode as shown in  FIG. 9 . 
     In the device-to-device mode of  FIG. 9 , the wireless base station  121  communicates messages ( 911 ) targeted to the communication device UE 11 . Communication device UE 11  receives the messages  911  over antenna A 1  via virtual bandwidth VB 1  using the corresponding any of one or more of the resource blocks  1 - 50  in a manner as previously discussed. 
     The wireless base station  121  communicates messages ( 912 - 1 ) targeted to the communication device UE 21  over virtual bandwidth VB 1  as well. The communication device UE 11  receives the wireless messages  912 - 1  over antenna A 2 . The communication device UE 11  buffers and then forwards the received messages  912 - 1  as wireless communications  912 - 2  from antenna A 2  over virtual bandwidth VB 2  (or potentially virtual bandwidth VB 1 ) to the communication device UE 21 . Thus, the communication device UE 21  receives the wireless messages from the wireless base station  121  through the communication device UE 11 . 
     The dynamic transition to implementing the device-to-device communication mode in this example embodiment alleviates (such as reduces) wireless interference in the network environment  100 , lessening the likelihood that the allocated wireless bandwidth BW 1  will be revoked (deallocated) by the allocation management resource  140  (such as spectrum access system). In other words, in this example, wirelessly communicating messages over virtual bandwidth VB 2  from the wireless base station  121  to the communication device UE 21  causes undesirable wireless interference above a threshold value. Since operation in the device-to-device mode of  FIG. 9  reduces wireless interference associated with use of the bandwidth BW 1 , there is no need for the allocation management resource  140  to deallocate or revoke use of the allocated wireless bandwidth BW 1 . 
     Thus, operation in the device-to-device mode as discussed herein in  FIG. 9  is useful to reduce or eliminate wireless interference and the likelihood that the allocation management resource  140  will need to revoke allocation of the wireless bandwidth BW 1 . 
       FIG. 10  is an example diagram illustrating implementation of a device-to-device communication mode in response to detecting wireless interference during use of allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
     In one embodiment, as further discussed herein, in response to detecting wireless interference is above a threshold level for the first virtual bandwidth VB 1  and wireless interference is below a threshold level for the second virtual bandwidth VB 2 , the communication management resource  131  switches to operating a portion of the multiple communication devices (such as communication device UE 21 ) in a device-to-device mode in which the communication device UE 21  (not experiencing the wireless interference) is designated as a primary UE. In such an instance, to alleviate interference, the communication management resource  131  notifies the communication device UE 11  and communication device UE 21  to operate in a device-to-device mode as shown in  FIG. 10 . 
     In the device-to-device mode of  FIG. 10 , the wireless base station  121  communicates messages ( 1011 ) targeted to the communication device UE 21 . Communication device UE 21  receives the messages  1011  over antenna A 1  via virtual bandwidth VB 2  using assigned resource blocks in a manner as previously discussed. 
     The wireless base station  121  communicates messages ( 1012 - 1 ) targeted to the communication device UE 21  over virtual bandwidth VB 2  as well. The communication device UE 21  receives the messages  1012 - 1  over antenna A 2 . The communication device UE 21  buffers and then forwards the received messages  1012 - 1  as wireless communications  1012 - 2  from antenna A 2  of communication device UE 21  over virtual bandwidth VB 1  (or virtual bandwidth VB 2 ) and wireless communication link  1050  to the communication device UE 11 . 
     The dynamic transition to implementing the device-to-device communication mode in this example embodiment alleviates (such as reduces or eliminates) wireless interference in the network environment  100 , lessening the likelihood that the allocated wireless bandwidth BW 1  will be revoked (deallocated) by the allocation management resource  140  (such as spectrum access system). In other words, in this example, wirelessly communicating messages over virtual bandwidth VB 1  from the wireless base station  121  to the communication device UE 11  causes undesirable wireless interference above a threshold value. Since operation in the device-to-device mode of  FIG. 10  reduces wireless interference associated with use of the bandwidth BW 1 , there is no need for the allocation management resource  140  to deallocate or revoke use of the allocated wireless bandwidth BW 1 . 
     Thus, operation in the device-to-device mode as discussed herein in  FIG. 10  is useful to reduce wireless interference and the likelihood that the allocation management resource  140  will need to revoke allocation of the wireless bandwidth BW 1 . 
       FIG. 11  is an example diagram illustrating repartitioning of the allocated bandwidth into multiple different virtual bands and testing of same to identify occurrence of wireless interference according to embodiments herein. 
     In response to detecting that the wireless interference associated with communicating the messages (such as wireless messages  171  and  172 ) over the allocated wireless bandwidth BW 1  to the multiple communication devices is above a threshold for both the virtual bandwidths VB 1  and VB 2  in case # 4  of  FIG. 7 , the communication management resource  131  repartitions the allocated bandwidth BW 1  into a different (such as larger or smaller) number of partitions. 
     In one embodiment, the bandwidth BW 1  is repartitioned into a greater number of virtual bandwidth portions (such as bandwidth parts) to identify (hopefully) at least a portion of the bandwidth BW 1  that does not experience wireless interference such that the communication management resource  131  can at least temporarily operate in a device-to-device mode in a manner as previously discussed to reduce interference levels. 
     Note that the grouping of communication devices into different virtual bandwidth groups can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the communication management resource  131  can be configured to identify communication devices that are close in proximity to each other (with respect to bandwidth BW 1 ) and group the respective communication devices based on location; the communication management resource  131  can be configured to group the communication devices based on type; etc. 
     In this example embodiment, the communication management resource  131  produces a first group to include communication devices UE 11 , UE 12 , UE 13 , etc.; the communication management resource  131  allocates virtual bandwidth VB 11  and corresponding contiguous resource blocks RB 1  to RB 20  (20 resource blocks) to communicate with the communication devices UE 11 , UE 12 , UE 13 , etc. 
     The communication management resource  131  produces a second group to include communication devices UE 21 , UE 22 , UE 23 , etc.; the communication management resource  131  allocates virtual bandwidth VB 21  and corresponding contiguous resource blocks RB 21  to RB 40  (20 resource blocks) to communicate with the communication devices UE 21 , UE 22 , UE 23 , etc. 
     The communication management resource  131  produces a third group to include communication devices UE 31 , UE 32 , UE 33 , etc.; the communication management resource  131  allocates virtual bandwidth VB 31  and corresponding contiguous resource blocks RB 41  to RB 60  (20 resource blocks) to communicate with the communication devices UE 31 , UE 32 , UE 33 , etc. 
     The communication management resource  131  produces a fourth group to include communication devices UE 41 , UE 42 , UE 43 , etc.; the communication management resource  131  allocates virtual bandwidth VB 41  and corresponding contiguous resource blocks RB 61  to RB 80  (20 resource blocks) to communicate with the communication devices UE 41 , UE 42 , UE 43 , etc. 
     The communication management resource  131  produces a second group to include communication devices UE 51 , UE 52 , UE 53 , etc.; the communication management resource  131  allocates virtual bandwidth VB 51  and corresponding contiguous resource blocks RB 81  to RB 100  (20 resource blocks) to communicate with the communication devices UE 51 , UE 52 , UE 53 , etc. 
     In a similar manner as previously discussed, the communication management resource the identifying a respective level of wireless interference associated with communicating over each of the new number of partitions of the allocated wireless bandwidth. 
     Additionally, the allocated resource blocks are contiguous with each other. 
       FIG. 12  is an example diagram illustrating generation of schedule information to test occurrence of wireless interference associated with the repartitioned allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , the scheduler  143  produces schedule information  1225  indicating different communication devices assigned to receive communications from the wireless base station  121 . 
     For example, with reference to the schedule information  1225 , the assignment of unique code UC 11  (which is the unique mask code assigned to the communication device UE 11 ) to resource block RB 1  indicates that the communication device UE 11  is scheduled to receive communications from the wireless base station  121  in resource block RB 1  in time slot TS 1 ; the assignment of unique code UC 12  (which is the unique mask code assigned to the communication device UE 12 ) to resource block RB 2  indicates that the communication device UE 12  is scheduled to receive communications from the wireless base station  121  in resource block RB 2  in time slot TS 1 ; the assignment of unique code UC 13  (which is the unique mask code assigned to the communication device UE 13 ) to resource block RB 3  indicates that the communication device UE 13  is scheduled to receive communications from the wireless base station  121  in resource block RB 3  in time slot TS 1 ; etc. 
     The assignment of unique code UC 21  (which is the unique mask code assigned to the communication device UE 21 ) to resource block RB 21  indicates that the communication device UE 21  is scheduled to receive communications from the wireless base station  121  in resource block RB 21  in time slot TS 1 ; the assignment of unique code UC 22  (which is the unique mask code assigned to the communication device UE 22 ) to resource block RB 22  indicates that the communication device UE 22  is scheduled to receive communications from the wireless base station  121  in resource block RB 22  in time slot TS 1 ; the assignment of unique code UC 23  (which is the unique mask code assigned to the communication device UE 23 ) to resource block RB 23  indicates that the communication device UE 23  is scheduled to receive communications from the wireless base station  121  in resource block RB 23  in time slot TS 1 ; and so on. 
     The assignment of unique code UC 31  (which is the unique mask code assigned to the communication device UE 31 ) to resource block RB 41  indicates that the communication device UE 31  is scheduled to receive communications from the wireless base station  121  in resource block RB 41  in time slot TS 1 ; and so on. 
     In one embodiment, the wireless base station  121  notifies the respective communication devices of the schedule information  1225  and which virtual bandwidth to receive respective communications from the wireless base station  121 . 
       FIG. 13  is an example diagram illustrating a communication network environment and testing use of the repartitioned allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
     In accordance with the schedule information  1225  generated by the scheduler  142  in the different virtual bandwidths VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 3 , VB 4 , and VB 5 , the wireless base station  121  transmits corresponding communications over respective virtual bandwidth and resource blocks to the different groups of communication devices. 
     For example, in accordance with the grid  1199  and schedule information  1225 , the wireless base station  121  transmits communications  1371  over virtual bandwidth VB 1  and corresponding resource blocks RB 1  to RB 20  to the group of communication devices UE 11 , UE 12 , UE 13 , etc.; the wireless base station  121  transmits communications  1372  over virtual bandwidth VB 2  and over virtual bandwidth VB 2  and corresponding resource blocks RB 21  to RB 40  to the group of communication devices UE 21 , UE 22 , UE 23 , etc.; the wireless base station  121  transmits communications  1373  over virtual bandwidth VB 2  and corresponding resource blocks RB 41  to RB 60  to the group of communication devices UE 31 , UE 32 , UE 33 , etc.; the wireless base station  121  transmits communications  1374  over virtual bandwidth VB 4  and corresponding resource blocks RB 61  to RB 80  to the group of communication devices UE 41 , UE 42 , UE 43 , etc.; the wireless base station  121  transmits communications  1375  over virtual bandwidth VB 5  and corresponding resource blocks RB 81  to RB 100  to the group of communication devices UE 51 , UE 52 , UE 53 , etc. 
     Each of the communication devices measures a magnitude of wireless data communicated in a respective physical resource block. 
       FIG. 14  is an example diagram illustrating receipt of feedback from one or more mobile communication devices according to embodiments herein. 
     Via communications  1471 , the communication management resource  131  receives feedback  1471  such as indicating wireless power level information of each of the communication devices UE 11 , UE 12 , UE 13 , etc., receiving communications  1371  from the wireless base station  121 . For example, the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 11  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 1 ; the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 12  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 2 ; the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 13  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 3 ; and so on. 
     The communication management resource  131  receives feedback  1472  such as indicating wireless power level information of each of the communication devices UE 21 , UE 22 , UE 23 , etc., receiving communications  1372  from the wireless base station  121 . For example, the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 21  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 21 ; the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 22  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communications from the wireless base station via resource block RB 22 ; the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 23  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communications from the wireless base station via resource block RB 23 ; and so on. 
     The communication management resource  131  receives feedback  1473  such as indicating wireless power level information of each of the communication devices UE 31 , UE 32 , UE 33 , etc., receiving communications  1373  from the wireless base station  121 . For example, the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 31  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 31 ; the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 32  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 32 ; the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 33  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 33 ; and so on. 
     The communication management resource  131  receives feedback  1474  such as indicating wireless power level information of each of the communication devices UE 41 , UE 42 , UE 43 , etc., receiving communications  1374  from the wireless base station  121 . For example, the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 41  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 41 ; the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 42  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 42 ; the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 43  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 43 ; and so on. 
     The communication management resource  131  receives feedback  1475  such as indicating wireless power level information of each of the communication devices UE 51 , UE 52 , UE 53 , etc., receiving communications  1375  from the wireless base station  121 . For example, the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 51  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 51 ; the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 52  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 52 ; the communication management resource  131  receives feedback from the communication device UE 53  indicating a wireless power level of receiving a wireless communication from the wireless base station via resource block RB 53 ; and so on. 
     In one embodiment, as previously discussed, the wireless base station (such as communication management resource or other suitable entity) can be configured to use a reverse look up table to determine the corresponding SNIR level for that CQI. For example, this can be the same method that UEs use to determine CQI level. When the wireless base station transmits signals to a particular UE, that UE measures the RSRP level from the transmitted signal from the wireless base station, and matches its measured RSRP level to SNIR level using its respective lookup table. Via another look-up table, the wireless base station uses the SNIR level (as from the respective communication device in feedback) to determine a CQI level from the SNIR. 
     Based on the SNIR value and RSSI (effectively interference measurement information associated with the respective virtual bandwidth used to communicate with the communication device), the wireless base station determines the amount interference in a corresponding 10 MHz bandwidth portion. 
     In a similar manner as previously discussed, based on feedback from each of the communication devices the interference management resource  141  determines an amount of wireless interference associated with use of each of the different virtual bandwidths VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 3 , VB 4 , and VB 5 . 
       FIG. 15  is an example diagram illustrating analysis of received feedback and different possible results (cases) of detecting wireless interference associated with each of the different portions of virtual bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
     The interference management resource  141  tracks the amount of wireless interference in each of the virtual bandwidth VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 3 , VB 4 , and VB 5  based on the feedback from the communication devices as previously discussed. In one embodiment, if greater than a predetermined percentage (such as 50% or other suitable value) of the communication devices in a respective virtual bandwidth and time slot or multiple timeslots indicates occurrence of wireless interference above a respective threshold level, the interference management resource  141  sets the virtual bandwidth to a high interference status value. In one embodiment, if greater than a predetermined percentage (such as 50% or other suitable value) of the communication devices in a respective virtual bandwidth indicates occurrence of wireless interference below a respective threshold level, the interference management resource  141  sets the virtual bandwidth to a low interference status value. In this manner, the interference management resource  141  identifies virtual bandwidths of the allocated bandwidth BW 1  that provide high interference and those that provide low interference. 
     In a manner as previously discussed, in response to detecting low interference as in case # 11  as indicated by the interference information  1510 - 11 , the communication management resource  131  operates in the normal, mode as shown in  FIG. 16 . 
     For case # 15 , in response to detecting wireless interference in virtual bandwidths VB 4  and VB 5 , in a similar manner as previously discussed, the communication management resource  131  operates in the device-to-device communication mode as shown in  FIG. 17  to alleviate occurrence of the wireless interference in those virtual bandwidths VB 4  and VB 5  and the bandwidth BW 1  overall. 
       FIG. 16  is an example diagram illustrating use of the allocated wireless bandwidth to communicate between a respective wireless base station and multiple mobile communication devices according to embodiments herein. 
     In this example embodiment, none of the virtual bandwidths VB 11 , VB 12 , VB 13 , VB 14 , and VB 15  experiences wireless interference above a threshold value as indicated by the interference information  1510 - 11 . 
     In such an instance, the wireless base station  131  uses virtual bandwidth VB 11  to support communications  1571  between the wireless base station  121  and the group of communication devices UE 11 , UE 12 , UE 13 , etc.; the wireless base station  131  uses virtual bandwidth VB 12  to support communications  1572  between the wireless base station  121  and the group of communication devices UE 21 , UE 22 , UE 23 , etc.; the wireless base station  131  uses virtual bandwidth VB 13  to support communications  1573  between the wireless base station  121  and the group of communication devices UE 31 , UE 32 , UE 33 , etc.; the wireless base station  131  uses virtual bandwidth VB 14  to support communications  1574  between the wireless base station  121  and the group of communication devices UE 41 , UE 42 , UE 43 , etc.; the wireless base station  131  uses virtual bandwidth VB 51  to support communications  1575  between the wireless base station  121  and the group of communication devices UE 51 , UE 52 , UE 53 , etc. 
       FIG. 17  is an example diagram illustrating implementation of a device-to-device communication mode in response to detecting wireless interference during use of allocated bandwidth according to embodiments herein. 
     In this example embodiment, the virtual bandwidths VB 14  and VB 15  experience wireless interference above a threshold value. In such an instance, the wireless base station  131  notifies the communication devices to operate in the device-to-device mode as shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     As further shown in this example embodiment, the group of communication devices UE 41 , UE 42 , UE 43 , etc., rely on wireless links through the group of communication devices UE 21 , UE 22 , UE 23 , etc., to the wireless base station  121  to access the remote network  190  and corresponding server resources. Additionally, the group of communication devices UE 51 , UE 52 , UE 53 , etc., rely on wireless links through the group of communication devices U 31 , UE 32 , UE 33 , etc., to the wireless base station  121  to access the remote network  190  and corresponding server resources. 
     More specifically, in response to notification to operate in the device-to-device mode based on detecting wireless interference is above a threshold level for the virtual bandwidth VB 14  and wireless interference is below a threshold level for the virtual bandwidth VB 12 , the communication management resource  131  switches to operating a portion of the multiple communication devices (such as communication device UE 11 ) in a device-to-device mode in which a first communication device UE 21  (not experiencing the wireless interference) is designated as a primary UE. In such an instance, to alleviate interference, the communication management resource  131  notifies at least the communication device UE 21  and communication device UE 41  to operate in a device-to-device mode as shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     In the device-to-device mode of  FIG. 17 , the wireless base station  121  communicates messages ( 1711 ) targeted to the communication device UE 21  using virtual bandwidth VB 12 . Communication device UE 21  receives the messages  1711  over a first antenna A 1  via virtual bandwidth VB 12  using resource blocks in a manner as previously discussed. 
     The wireless base station  121  communicates messages ( 1712 - 1 ) targeted to the communication device UE 21  over virtual bandwidth VB 12  as well. The communication device UE 21  receives the messages  1712 - 1  over antenna A 2 . The communication device UE 21  buffers and then forwards the received messages  1712 - 1  as wireless communications  1712 - 2  from antenna A 2  of the UE 21  over virtual bandwidth VB 14  to the communication device UE 41 . In a reverse direction, the communication device UE 21  receives the messages from UE 41  over antenna A 2 . The communication device UE 21  buffers and then forwards the received messages from UE 41  as wireless communications  1712 - 1  from antenna A 2  of the UE 21  over virtual bandwidth VB 12  to the wireless base station  121 . 
     In a similar manner, the UE 22  provides wireless connectivity of the communication device UE 42  to the wireless base station  121 ; the UE 23  provides wireless connectivity of the communication device UE 43  to the wireless base station  121 ; and so on. 
     In response to notification to operate in the device-to-device mode based on detecting wireless interference is above a threshold level for the virtual bandwidth VB 15  and wireless interference is below a threshold level for the virtual bandwidth VB 13 , the communication management resource  131  switches to operating a portion of the multiple communication devices (such as communication device UE 31 ) in a device-to-device mode in which the communication device UE 31  (not experiencing the wireless interference) is designated as a primary UE. In such an instance, to alleviate interference, the communication management resource  131  notifies the communication device UE 31  and communication device UE 51  to operate in a device-to-device mode as shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     In the device-to-device mode of  FIG. 17 , the wireless base station  121  communicates messages ( 1721 ) targeted to the communication device UE 31  using virtual bandwidth VB 13 . Communication device UE 31  receives the messages  1731  over a first antenna A 1  via virtual bandwidth VB 13  using resource blocks in a manner as previously discussed. 
     The wireless base station  121  communicates messages ( 1722 - 1 ) targeted to the communication device UE 51  over virtual bandwidth VB 13  as well. The communication device UE 31  receives the messages  1722 - 1  over antenna A 2 . The communication device UE 31  buffers and then forwards the received messages  1722 - 1  as wireless communications  1722 - 2  from antenna A 2  of the UE 31  over virtual bandwidth VB 15  to the communication device UE 51 . In a reverse direction, the communication device UE 31  receives the messages from UE 51  over antenna A 2 . The communication device UE 31  buffers and then forwards the received messages from UE 51  as wireless communications  1722 - 1  from antenna A 2  of the UE 31  over virtual bandwidth VB 13  to the wireless base station  121 . 
     In a similar manner, the UE 32  provides wireless connectivity of the communication device UE 52  to the wireless base station  121 ; the UE 33  provides wireless connectivity of the communication device UE 53  to the wireless base station  121 ; and so on. 
     The dynamic transition to implementing the device-to-device communication mode in this example embodiment alleviates (such as reduces) wireless interference in the network environment  100  (especially virtual bandwidths VB 14  and VB 15 ), lessening the likelihood that the allocated wireless bandwidth BW 1  will be revoked (deallocated) by the allocation management resource  140  (such as spectrum access system). In other words, in this example, wirelessly communicating messages over virtual bandwidth VB 14  from the wireless base station  121  to the communication devices UE 41 , UE 42 , UE 43 , etc., causes undesirable wireless interference above a threshold value. Since operation in the device-to-device mode of  FIG. 17  reduces wireless interference associated with use of the bandwidth BW 1 , there is no need for the allocation management resource  140  to deallocate or revoke use of the allocated wireless bandwidth BW 1 . Thus, operation in the device-to-device mode as discussed herein in  FIG. 17  is useful to reduce wireless interference and the likelihood that the allocation management resource  140  will need to revoke allocation of the wireless bandwidth BW 1 . 
       FIG. 18  is an example block diagram of a computer system for implementing any of the operations as previously discussed according to embodiments herein. 
     Any of the resources (such as mobile communication devices, wireless access points, wireless stations, wireless base stations, communication management resource, bandwidth management resource, communication management resource, allocation management resource, etc.) as discussed herein can be configured to include computer processor hardware and/or corresponding executable instructions to carry out the different operations as discussed herein. 
     As shown, computer system  1850  of the present example includes an interconnect  1811  that coupling computer readable storage media  1812  such as a non-transitory type of media (which can be any suitable type of hardware storage medium in which digital information can be stored and retrieved), a processor  1813  (computer processor hardware), I/O interface  1814 , and a communications interface  1817 . 
     I/O interface(s)  1814  supports connectivity to repository  1880  and input resource  1892 . 
     Computer readable storage medium  1812  can be any hardware storage device such as memory, optical storage, hard drive, floppy disk, etc. In one embodiment, the computer readable storage medium  1812  stores instructions and/or data. 
     As shown, computer readable storage media  1812  can be encoded with management application  131 - 1  (e.g., including instructions) to carry out any of the operations as discussed herein. 
     During operation of one embodiment, processor  1813  accesses computer readable storage media  1812  via the use of interconnect  1811  in order to launch, run, execute, interpret or otherwise perform the instructions in management application  131 - 1  stored on computer readable storage medium  1812 . Execution of the management application  131 - 1  (such as communication management resource) produces management process  131 - 2  to carry out any of the operations and/or processes as discussed herein. 
     Those skilled in the art will understand that the computer system  1850  can include other processes and/or software and hardware components, such as an operating system that controls allocation and use of hardware resources to execute management application  131 - 1 . 
     In accordance with different embodiments, note that computer system may reside in any of various types of devices, including, but not limited to, a mobile computer, a personal computer system, wireless station, connection management resource, a wireless device, a wireless access point, a base station, phone device, desktop computer, laptop, notebook, netbook computer, mainframe computer system, handheld computer, workstation, network computer, application server, storage device, a consumer electronics device such as a camera, camcorder, set top box, mobile device, video game console, handheld video game device, a peripheral device such as a switch, modem, router, set-top box, content management device, handheld remote control device, any type of computing or electronic device, etc. The computer system  1950  may reside at any location or can be included in any suitable resource in any network environment to implement functionality as discussed herein. 
     Functionality supported by the different resources will now be discussed via flowcharts in  FIG. 19 . Note that the steps in the flowcharts below can be executed in any suitable order. 
       FIG. 19  is a flowchart  1900  illustrating an example method according to embodiments. Note that there will be some overlap with respect to concepts as discussed above. 
     In processing operation  1910 , the communication management resource  131  receives allocation of wireless bandwidth (such as 20 MHz or other suitable bandwidth) via communications  152 . 
     In processing operation  1920 , the communication management resource  131  determines wireless interference associated with transmission of first wireless communications (such as  171 ,  172 , etc.) over the allocated wireless bandwidth from a wireless base station  121  to multiple communication devices (such as user equipment UE 11 , UE 12 , UE 13 , . . . , UE 21 , UE 22 , UE 23 , . . . ). 
     In processing operation  1930 , the communication management resource  131  controls conveyance of second wireless communications (subsequent communications) over the allocated wireless bandwidth to the multiple communication devices depending on the determined wireless interference as indicated by the wireless interference information  710 . 
     Note again that techniques herein are well suited to facilitate improved wireless communication in a network environment. However, it should be noted that embodiments herein are not limited to use in such applications and that the techniques discussed herein are well suited for other applications as well. 
     Based on the description set forth herein, numerous specific details have been set forth to provide a thorough understanding of claimed subject matter. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that claimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, apparatuses, systems, etc., that would be known by one of ordinary skill have not been described in detail so as not to obscure claimed subject matter. Some portions of the detailed description have been presented in terms of algorithms or symbolic representations of operations on data bits or binary digital signals stored within a computing system memory, such as a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions or representations are examples of techniques used by those of ordinary skill in the data processing arts to convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm as described herein, and generally, is considered to be a self-consistent sequence of operations or similar processing leading to a desired result. In this context, operations or processing involve physical manipulation of physical quantities. Typically, although not necessarily, such quantities may take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared or otherwise manipulated. It has been convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals as bits, data, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, numerals or the like. It should be understood, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels. Unless specifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the following discussion, it is appreciated that throughout this specification discussions utilizing terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining” or the like refer to actions or processes of a computing platform, such as a computer or a similar electronic computing device, that manipulates or transforms data represented as physical electronic or magnetic quantities within memories, registers, or other information storage devices, transmission devices, or display devices of the computing platform. 
     While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application as defined by the appended claims. Such variations are intended to be covered by the scope of this present application. As such, the foregoing description of embodiments of the present application is not intended to be limiting. Rather, any limitations to the invention are presented in the following claims.