Patent Publication Number: US-2021172004-A1

Title: Universal lactic acid bacteria quantification kit for fermentation monitoring

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to provisional application Ser. No. 62/657,533 filed Apr. 13, 2018 which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH 
     Not Applicable. 
     SEQUENCE LISTING STATEMENT 
     The official copy of the sequence listing is submitted electronically via EFS-Web as an ASCII formatted sequence listing with a file named “nagcf464wo.txt”, created on Apr. 11, 2019, and having a size of “2,190 bytes” and is filed concurrently with the specification. The sequence listing contained in this ASCII formatted document is part of the specification and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The subject matter herein relates generally to kits, methods, apparatuses, assay components and compositions useful to detect and quantify three of the major groups of lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) from along or within a fermentation production line. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The production of ethanol from agricultural sources, such as the production of ethanol from corn, involves fermentation by microorganisms. This, for example, can involve fermentation of a corn mash by yeast. However, species of  Lactobacillus , a Gram-positive LAB can frequently account for up to 60% of bacterial contamination in wet mill operations and up to 87% of bacterial contamination in the more common dry mill process.  Pediococcus  and  Weissella , are other LAB of secondary and tertiary concern as contaminants; they, in addition to  Lactobacillus , together make up the three most common contaminants found in ethanol plants and can significantly reduce ethanol production. Over 20 different  Lactobacillus  species, alone, are commonly found as contaminants within ethanol fermentations (Chang, I., et al., J Microbiology Biotechnology, 1995, 5, 309-314; Skinner, K. A. and Leathers, T. D., J Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2004, 31, 401-408; Lucena, B. T., et al., BMC Microbiology, 2010, 10, 298-306). Thus, there is a need to monitor ethanol fermentations such as fermenting corn mashes for such contaminating  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  and  Weissella  bacteria. For example, if  Lactobacillus  or other LAB levels are too high during an ethanol production fermentation, “(e)xcessive bacteria can cost as much as $190,000 if a single fermenter is entirely lost.” (Lewis, Ethanol Producer Magazine, December, 2016 ed., 44-47). As further reported by M. Beckner (2011), “Microbial contamination is a pervasive problem in any ethanol fermentation system. These infections can at minimum affect the efficiency of the fermentation and at their worst lead to stuck fermentations causing plants to shut down for cleaning before beginning anew. These delays can result in costly loss of time as well as lead to an increased cost of the final product. LAB are the most common bacterial contaminants found in ethanol production facilities and have been linked to decreased ethanol production during fermentation” (M. Beckner, et al., Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2011, 53, 387-394). 
     Current techniques for detecting and quantifying LAB suffer from a variety of deficiencies. In general, they provide only very limited discriminatory power, particularly for a large and phylogenetically complicated taxon such as the genus  Lactobacillus  (Henriques, A., et al., 2012 , BMC Research Notes  5, 637; Baker, G. C., et al., 2003 , J. Microbiological Methods,  55, 541e555). Second, the current testing platforms are frequently known to lead to an over- or underestimation of the abundance of many LAB species as certain species possess different copy numbers of the target genes (Demkin, V. V., et al.,  Molecular and Cellular Probes,  2017, 32, 33-39). Additionally, many of the tests are unable to detect a number of contaminant species within the lactic acid bacteria group commonly present in the typical ethanol fermentation process such as  L. brevis, L. casei, L. diolivorans -like,  L. ferintoshensis  (aka  L. parabuchneri ),  L. hilgardii, L. lindneri, L. manihotivorans, L. nagelii, L. paracasei  subsp.  paracasei, L. rhamnosus , and  L. vini . There is a lack of detection and quantification methods that can broadly identify diverse species of  Lactobacillus  and other LAB such as  Pediococcus  and  Weissella  that commonly contaminate corn mashes or other fermentation mixtures during the ethanol production process. Finally, LAB detection kits currently on the market require the use of a clear liquid, e.g., beer, or a sample diluted in buffer prior to centrifugation and processing of the resulting pellet. Corn-based ethanol fermentation tank samples consist of a thick slurry of ground-up corn and water mixed together to form a “mash”. The mash sample matrix is difficult to process, and its centrifugation can result in a very large pellet that will often clog the existing column and filter based systems leading to unreliable results or even possibly a complete loss of signal. 
     New methods of detecting lactic acid bacterial contamination are needed, including new kits, methods, apparatuses and compositions used in preparing mash and other fermentation samples for broadly detecting and quantifying diverse species and genera of contaminating LAB. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Applicants have invented universal lactic acid bacteria kits, methods, and compositions and apparatuses therefor, which address the above-described needs by serving to broadly detect and quantify the three major groups of LAB, which include but are not limited to over thirty species of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  and  Weissella , the most common contaminants found in ethanol fermentation. 
     Also provided as a part of this invention are filtration apparatuses for enhanced purification of fermentation samples. In one preferred embodiment of the filtration apparatus of the invention, a barrel and plunger combination is provided, such as one defining an interior space configured for containing the fermentation sample, such as a syringe-type filtration apparatus is provided. In this embodiment, the apparatus contains a filter, sized to allow LAB cells of interest to pass through pores in the filter, but to substantially screen out bulk organic matter, to form an LAB-cell containing filtrate. The apparatus as thus embodied includes a receptacle portion located adjacent to the filter for receiving the LAB-cell containing filtrate, or a conduit for transfer of the LAB-cell containing filtrate after its passage through the filter to such a receptacle. Also included in the filtration apparatus of this embodiment is a device attached or integral to the plunger for urging the fermentation sample toward the screen mesh and facilitating removal of any excessive starch-releasing particles from the fermentation sample. 
     Also provided are a rapid nucleic acid extraction method and a real-time PCR assay for broad-scale LAB detection and quantification, which can be undertaken with great sensitivity, yet is easily implemented and interpreted without a great deal of training or prior experience with molecular assays. 
     Specifically provided are primers, probes, kits, and methods for DNA extraction and the subsequent detection and quantification of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  and  Weissella , or some sub-combination of their nucleic acids, in a test sample. Such test samples may be obtained from different substrates and throughout the fermentation process, including, but not limited to, yeast propagation, processed condensate, and beer well. In certain preferred embodiments, the kits can consist of, e.g., sample extraction and LAB PCR assay reagents or multiplex arrays made in a ready-to-use format to ensure a high degree of consistency from sample to sample. In some embodiments, aliquots of the reagents are provided. This standardized, and in certain embodiments, automated approach, can minimize pipetting and other non-standardized steps and help to provide increased repeatability and reproducibility of test results from less experienced users having limited to no molecular biology experience. 
     Also among the objects of the invention is the provision of kits, methods, apparatuses, and compositions which assist the ethanol industry and others involved in fermentation processing by increasing their ability to track levels of LAB during the fermentation process. Thus, additional objects of the invention include assisting to reduce ethanol losses, e.g., by aiding in identifying locations in an ethanol facility where bacterial build-up may be occurring, assisting in monitoring decontamination procedures and providing data for developing more precise and prescribed regimes for antibiotic use, thus helping to minimize unwanted antibiotic residues in co-products. As overuse of antibiotics has been shown to produce increasingly antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, the invention has the added benefit of slowing the development of such bacteria. 
     According to another aspect of the invention, a method for quantification of LAB in a sample of interest is provided. The method includes the steps of collecting a sample of interest, filtering the LAB to be quantified from the sample of interest by passing the sample through a filtration device configured to remove bulk organic matter from the LAB to create a LAB-containing sample filtrate. The method provides information for conducting a nucleic acid extraction of the LAB by lysing cells of the LAB to achieve a LAB-containing DNA supernatant. Additionally, a universal LAB assay as described herein is configured to target particular genera and species of interest so that they can be detected and substantially quantified to a highly sensitive degree of quantitative certainty, as demonstrated in the below provided experimental examples. 
     According to another aspect of the invention, qPCR-based assays are provided for the detection and quantification of over 30 different lactic acid bacterial species commonly found as contaminants of ethanol production and other fermentation systems such as, for example, fermentations of corn mash, wheat mash, beer, and sauerkraut. 
     With regard to an additional aspect, applicants have developed a system, including an apparatus and method, for preparing fermentation mixtures such as mash samples for use in assays for detecting LAB. The methods of the system can be used to detect LAB from a variety of sample sources, such as, but not limited to corn mash undergoing fermentation, bee populations, soil, and agricultural crops. In the system of the invention, particles that are slightly larger than most bacteria can be sieved out. In their methods, a filtrate can be collected which can be subjected to molecular analysis, such as a PCR analysis, for detection of contaminating LAB. When used in conjunction with a universal LAB PCR-based assay described herein, contaminating LAB in a sample can be detected and quantified. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, novel DNA oligonucleotides are provided and are used as probes, forward primers and reverse primers as set out more fully hereinafter. 
     Other aspects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the following description and claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a flow chart showing an embodiment of the method of detection and quantification of LAB according to the invention. 
         FIG. 2A  is a somewhat diagrammatic exploded view in top plane of a pan sieve filter system according to the invention. 
         FIG. 2B  is a somewhat diagrammatic exploded view in side elevation of the pan sieve filter system of  FIG. 2A . 
         FIG. 2C  is a somewhat diagrammatic top plane view of the assembled pan sieve filter system of  FIGS. 2A and 2B . 
         FIG. 2D  is a somewhat diagrammatic view in side elevation of the pan sieve filter system of  FIGS. 2A-C . 
         FIG. 3A  is a somewhat diagrammatic exploded front elevation view of an embodiment of a filtration syringe according to the invention. 
         FIG. 3B  is a somewhat diagrammatic front elevation view of the assembled filtration syringe of  FIG. 3A . 
         FIG. 4  is a graph displaying the average LAB bacterial quantity, lactic acid quantity, and acetic acid quantity at hourly time points of sampled corn mash from the first 25 hours of a fermentation process. 
     
    
    
     ABBREVIATIONS 
     bps: base pairs
 
CFU: Colony forming unit
 
CFU/ml: Colony forming unit per milliliter
 
Ct: Cycle threshold, the number of cycles required for the fluorescent signal to cross the threshold, exceeding background level
 
CXR: Carboxy-X-rhodamine, reference dye
 
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid
 
HPLS: High performance liquid chromatography
 
     IDT: Integrated DNA Technologies 
     LAB: Lactic acid bacteria
 
PCR: Polymerase chain reaction
 
qPCR: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction
 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The following detailed description illustrates the claimed invention by way of example and not by way of limitation. The description enables one skilled in the art to make and use the invention, describes several embodiments, adaptations, variations, alternatives, and uses of the claimed invention, including what is presently believed to be the best mode of carrying out the claimed invention. Additionally, it is to be understood that the claimed invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The claimed invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
     As indicated in the flow chart depicted in  FIG. 1 , a preferred embodiment of the LAB detection and quantification procedure of the invention brings together certain apparatus and compositions to readily provide a sensitive determination of the presence and quantity of LAB genera and species of interest in a corn to ethanol or other fermentation process. 
     According to a preferred embodiment, a sample of interest is collected from anywhere within the production pipeline, using the equipment, compositions and methods provided for herein. In a preferred embodiment, the first step includes a separation of the bulk organic matter by the mechanical separation through a mesh screen. 
     In various embodiments, the present teachings include methods of preparing a biological sample for a qPCR analysis, involving substantial purification of the initially collected sample and ultimate separation of the target nucleic acids of interest of the contaminating LAB species from other materials in a fermentation sample which serve to interfere with such detection and especially, quantification. Referring to  FIGS. 2A-2D , an embodiment of a multi-sieve filtration apparatus (or a combination of separately stacked filters of various dimensions) is shown. In various configurations, these methods can comprise: i) passing a biological sample through a filter  1  with a limiting pore size thereby forming a first filtrate; ii) passing the first filtrate through a filter  2  with a limiting pore size thereby forming a second filtrate; and iii) passing the second filtrate through a filter  3  with a limiting pore size thereby forming a third filtrate. The pore sizes of the filters are graduated, with the limiting pore size of the first filter being largest. In other configurations, the first and second filtrates are collected and segregated before they are filtered further. In various configurations, the preparation can further comprise iv) forming a sample of the third filtrate into a pellet. In various configurations, the forming of a sample of the third filtrate into a pellet can comprise subjecting the sample to centrifugation. In various configurations, a method of preparing a sample can further comprise subjecting the pellet to proteolytic lysis. 
     In various configurations, the first filter can have a pore size of 500 μm to 1000 μm. In various configurations, the first filter can have a pore size of 510 μm to 990 μm, 520 μm to 980 μm, 530 μm to 970 μm, 540 to 960 μm, 550 to 950 μm, 560 to 940 μm, 570 to 930 μm, 580 to 920 μm, 590 to 910 μm, 600 to 900 μm, 610 to 890 μm, 620 to 880 μm, 630 to 870 μm, 440 to 860 μm, 650 to 850 μm, 660 to 840 μm, 670 to 830 μm, 680 to 820 μm, 690 to 810 μm, 700 to 800 μm, 710 to 790 μm, 720 to 780 μm, 730 to 770 μm, or 740 to 760 μm. In various configurations, the first filter can have a pore size of 500 μm-510 μm, 510 μm-520 μm, 520 μm-530 μm, 530 μm-540 μm, 540 μm-550 μm, 550 μm-560 μm, 560 μm-570 μm, 570 μm-580 μm, 580 μm-590 μm, 590-600 μm, 600-610 μm, 610-620 μm, 620 μm-630 μm, 630 μm-640 μm, 640 μm-650 μm, 650 μm-660 μm, 660 μm-670 μm, 670 μm-680 μm, 680 μm-690 μm, 690 μm-700 μm, 700 μm-710 μm, 710 μm-720 μm, 720 μm-730 μm, 730 μm-740 μm, 740 μm-750 μm, 750 μm-760 μm, 760 μm-770 μm, 770 μm-780 μm, 780 μm-790 μm, 790 μm-800 μm, 800 μm-810 μm, 810 μm-820 μm, 820 μm-830 μm, 830 μm-840 μm, 840 μm-850 μm, 850 μm-860 μm, 860 μm-870 μm, 870 μm-880 μm, 880 μm-890 μm, 890 μm-900 μm, 900 μm-910 μm, 910 μm-920 μm, 920 μm-930 μm, 930 μm-940 μm, 940 μm-950 μm, 950 μm-960 μm, 960 μm-970 μm, 970 μm-980 μm, 980 μm-990 μm, or 990 μm-1000 μm. 
     In various configurations, the second filter can have a pore size of 200 μm to 600 μm. In various configurations, the second filter can have a pore size of 210 μm to 590 μm, 220 μm to 580 μm, 230 μm to 570 μm, 240 μm to 560 μm, 250 μm to 550 μm, 260 μm to 540 μm, 270 μm to 530 μm, 280 μm to 520 μm, 290 μm to 510 μm, 300 μm to 500 μm, 310 μm to 490 μm, 320 μm to 480 μm, 330 μm to 470 μm, 340 μm to 460 μm, 350 μm to 450 μm, 360 μm to 440 μm, 370 μm to 430 μm, 380 μm to 420 μm, or 390 μm to 410 μm. In various configurations, the second filter can have a pore size of 200 μm-210 μm, 210 μm-220 μm, 220 μm-230 μm, 230 μm-240 μm, 240 μm-250 μm, 250 μm-260 μm, 260 μm-270 μm, 270 μm-280 μm, 280 μm-290 μm, 290 μm-300 μm, 292 μm-302 μm, 295 μm-305 μm, 297 μm-307 μm, 300 μm-310 μm, 310 μm-320 μm, 320 μm-330 μm, 330 μm-340 μm, or 340 μm-350 μm, 350 μm-360 μm, 360 μm-370 μm, 370 μm-380 μm, 380 μm-390 μm, 390 μm-400 μm, 400 μm-410 μm, 410 μm-420 μm, 420 μm-430 μm, 430 μm-440 μm, 440 μm-450 μm, 450 μm-460 μm, 460 μm-470 μm, 470 μm-480 μm, 480 μm-490 μm, 490 μm-500 μm, 500 μm-510 μm, 510 μm-520 μm, 520 μm-530 μm, 530 μm-540 μm, 540 μm-550 μm, 550 μm-560 μm, 560 μm-570 μm, 570 μm-580 μm, 580 μm-590 μm, or 590 μm-600 μm. 
     In various configurations, the third filter can have a pore size of 100 μm to 300 μm. In various configurations, the third filter can have a pore size of 110 μm to 290 μm, 120 μm to 280 μm, 130 μm to 270 μm, 140 μm to 260 μm, 150 μm to 250 μm, 160 μm to 240 μm, 170 μm to 230 μm, 180 μm to 220 μm, or 190 μm to 210 μm. In various configurations, the third filter can have a pore size of 100 μm-110 μm, 110 μm-120 μm, 120 μm-130 μm, 130 μm-140 μm, 140 μm-150 μm, 145 μm-155 μm, 150 μm-160 μm, 160 μm-170 μm, 170 μm-180 μm, 180 μm-190 μm, 190 μm-200 μm, 200 μm-210 μm, 210 μm-220 μm, 220 μm-230 μm, 230 μm-240 μm, 240 μm-250 μm, 250 μm-260 μm, 260 μm-270 μm, 270 μm-280 μm, 280 μm-290 μm, 290 μm-300 μm. 
     In various configurations, methods of quantifying a microorganism in a biological mixture such as a corn mash can comprise passing a biological mixture through three or more filters, such as, for example: i) passing a biological mixture through a first filter having a limited pore size, thereby forming a first filtrate; ii) passing the first filtrate through a second filter having a limited pore size, thereby forming a second filtrate; and iii) passing the second filtrate through a third filter having a limited pore size, thereby forming a third filtrate; iv) forming a sample of the third filtrate into a pellet; v) subjecting the pellet to a homogenization procedure; and vi) extracting DNA from the pellet by a DNA miniprep extraction procedure; and vii) subjecting the DNA to a qPCR analysis. In various configurations, each filter can be independently selected from the group consisting of a pan filter, a spin filter, and a spin basket filter. In various configurations, the forming a final filtrate into a pellet can comprise subjecting the third filtrate to centrifugation. In various configurations, the forming the third filtrate into a pellet can comprise subjecting the filtrate to centrifugation. In various configurations, the pellet can be resuspended; a resuspended pellet can be subjected to a DNA extraction. In some configurations, the extracted DNA can be subjected to a qPCR-based analysis. 
     In various configurations, e.g., wherein three filters are used, the first filter can have a pore size of 500 μm to 1000 μm. In various configurations, the first filter can have a pore size of 510 μm to 990 μm, 520 μm to 980 μm, 530 μm to 970 μm, 540 to 960 μm, 550 to 950 μm, 560 to 940 μm, 570 to 930 μm, 580 to 920 μm, 590 to 910 μm, 600 to 900 μm, 610 to 890 μm, 620 to 880 μm, 630 to 870 μm, 440 to 860 μm, 650 to 850 μm, 660 to 840 μm, 670 to 830 μm, 680 to 820 μm, 690 to 810 μm, 700 to 800 μm, 710 to 790 μm, 720 to 780 μm, 730 to 770 μm, or 740 to 760 μm. In various configurations, the first filter can have a pore size of 500 μm-510 μm, 510 μm-520 μm, 520 μm-530 μm, 530 μm-540 μm, 540 μm-550 μm, 550 μm-560 μm, 560 μm-570 μm, 570 μm-580 μm, 580 μm-590 μm, 590-600 μm, 600-610 μm, 610-620 μm, 620 μm-630 μm, 630 μm-640 μm, 640 μm-650 μm, 650 μm-660 μm, 660 μm-670 μm, 670 μm-680 μm, 680 μm-690 μm, 690 μm-700 μm, 700 μm-710 μm, 710 μm-720 μm, 720 μm-730 μm, 730 μm-740 μm, 740 μm-750 μm, 750 μm-760 μm, 760 μm-770 μm, 770 μm-780 μm, 780 μm-790 μm, 790 μm-800 μm, 800 μm-810 μm, 810 μm-820 μm, 820 μm-830 μm, 830 μm-840 μm, 840 μm-850 μm, 850 μm-860 μm, 860 μm-870 μm, 870 μm-880 μm, 880 μm-890 μm, 890 μm-900 μm, 900 μm-910 μm, 910 μm-920 μm, 920 μm-930 μm, 930 μm-940 μm, 940 μm-950 μm, 950 μm-960 μm, 960 μm-970 μm, 970 μm-980 μm, 980 μm-990 μm, or 990 μm-1000 μm. 
     In various configurations of the above embodiment, the second filter can have a pore size of 200 μm to 600 μm. In various configurations, the second filter can have a pore size of 210 μm to 590 μm, 220 μm to 580 μm, 230 μm to 570 μm, 240 μm to 560 μm, 250 μm to 550 μm, 260 μm to 540 μm, 270 μm to 530 μm, 280 μm to 520 μm, 290 μm to 510 μm, 300 μm to 500 μm, 310 μm to 490 μm, 320 μm to 480 μm, 330 μm to 470 μm, 340 μm to 460 μm, 350 μm to 450 μm, 360 μm to 440 μm, 370 μm to 430 μm, 380 μm to 420 μm, or 390 μm to 410 μm. In various configurations, the second filter can have a pore size of 200 μm-210 μm, 210 μm-220 μm, 220 μm-230 μm, 230 μm-240 μm, 240 μm-250 μm, 250 μm-260 μm, 260 μm-270 μm, 270 μm-280 μm, 280 μm-290 μm, 290 μm-300 μm, 292 μm-302 μm, 295 μm-305 μm, 297 μm-307 μm, 300 μm-310 μm, 310 μm-320 μm, 320 μm-330 μm, 330 μm-340 μm, or 340 μm-350 μm, 350 μm-360 μm, 360 μm-370 μm, 370 μm-380 μm, 380 μm-390 μm, 390 μm-400 μm, 400 μm-410 μm, 410 μm-420 μm, 420 μm-430 μm, 430 μm-440 μm, 440 μm-450 μm, 450 μm-460 μm, 460 μm-470 μm, 470 μm-480 μm, 480 μm-490 μm, 490 μm-500 μm, 500 μm-510 μm, 510 μm-520 μm, 520 μm-530 μm, 530 μm-540 μm, 540 μm-550 μm, 550 μm-560 μm, 560 μm-570 μm, 570 μm-580 μm, 580 μm-590 μm, or 590 μm-600 μm. 
     In various configurations of the above embodiment, the third filter can have a pore size of 100 μm to 300 μm. In various configurations, the third filter can have a pore size of 110 μm to 290 μm, 120 μm to 280 μm, 130 μm to 270 μm, 140 μm to 260 μm, 150 μm to 250 μm, 160 μm to 240 μm, 170 μm to 230 μm, 180 μm to 220 μm, or 190 μm to 210 μm. In various configurations, the third filter can have a pore size of 100 μm-110 μm, 110 μm-120 μm, 120 μm-130 μm, 130 μm-140 μm, 140 μm-150 μm, 145 μm-155 μm, 150 μm-160 μm, 160 μm-170 μm, 170 μm-180 μm, 180 μm-190 μm, 190 μm-200 μm, 200 μm-210 μm, 210 μm-220 μm, 220 μm-230 μm, 230 μm-240 μm, 240 μm-250 μm, 250 μm-260 μm, 260 μm-270 μm, 270 μm-280 μm, 280 μm-290 μm, 290 μm-300 μm. 
     In various configurations, the biological sample can be a fermentation sample. In various configurations, the biological sample can be a corn mash. In various configurations, the microorganism can be of the genera  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella . In various configurations, but not limited to, the  Lactobacillus  can be selected from the group consisting of  L. acidophilus, L. amylovorus, L. brevis, L. buchneri, L. casei, L. crispatus, L. delbrueckii  subsp.  delbrueckii, L. delbrueckii  subsp.  lactis, L. diolivorans -like,  L. ferintoshensis  (aka  parabuchneri ),  L. fermentum, L. gasseri, L. helveticus, L. hilgardii, L. lindneri, L. manihotivorans, L. mucosae, L. nagelii, L. paracasei  subsp.  paracasei, L. pentosus, L. plantarum, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. salivarius  subsp.  salivarius, L. vini  and any combination thereof. In various configurations, but not limited to, the  Pediococcus  bacterial species can be selected from the group consisting of  P. acidilactici, P. damnosus, P. inopinatus, P. parvulus , and  P. pentosaceus  and any combination thereof. In various configurations, but not limited to, the  Weissella  bacterial species can be selected from the group consisting of  W. confusa, W. paramesenteroides , and  W. viridescens  and any combination thereof. 
     In various configurations, the biological mixture can be at least 1 ml in volume up to 2000 ml in volume. In various configurations, the biological mixture can be 1 ml-5 ml, 5 ml-10 ml, 10 ml-15 ml, 15 ml-20 ml, 20 ml-25 ml, 25 ml-30 ml, 35 ml-40 ml, 40 ml-45 ml, 45 ml-50 ml, 50 ml-60 ml, 60 ml-70 ml, 70 ml-80 ml, 80 ml-90 ml, 90 ml-100 ml, 100 ml-125 ml, 125 ml-150 ml, 150 ml-175 ml, 175 ml-200 ml, 200 ml-225 ml, 225 ml-250 ml, 250 ml-275 ml, 275 ml-300 ml, 300 ml-325 ml, 325 ml-350 ml, 350 ml-375 ml, 375 ml-400 ml, 400 ml-425 ml, 425 ml-450 ml, 450 ml-475 ml, 475 ml-500 ml, 500 ml-525 ml, 525 ml-550 ml, 550 ml-575 ml, 575 ml-600 ml, 600 ml-625 ml, 625 ml-650 ml, 650 ml-675 ml, 675 ml-700 ml, 700 ml-725 ml, 725 ml-750 ml, 750 ml-775 ml, 775 ml-800 ml, 800 ml-825 ml, 825 ml-850 ml, 850 ml-875 ml, 875 ml-900 ml, 900 ml-925 ml, 925 ml-950 ml, 950 ml-975 ml, 975 ml-1000 ml, 1000 ml-1025 ml, 1025 ml-1050 ml, 1050 ml-1075 ml, 1075 ml-1100 ml, 1100 ml-1125 ml, 1125 ml-1150 ml, 1150 ml-1175 ml, 1175 ml-1200 ml, 1200 ml-1225 ml, 1225 ml-1250 ml, 1250 ml-1275 ml, 1275 ml-1300 ml, 1300 ml-1325 ml, 1325 ml-1350 ml, 1350 ml-1375 ml, 1375 ml-1400 ml, 1400 ml-1425 ml, 1425 ml-1450 ml, 1450 ml-1475 ml, 1475 ml-1500 ml, 1500 ml-1525 ml, 1525 ml-1550 ml, 1550 ml-1575 ml, 1575 ml-1600 ml, 1600 ml-1625 ml, 1625 ml-1650 ml, 1650 ml-1675 ml, 1675 ml-1700 ml, 1700 ml-1725 ml, 1725 ml-1750 ml, 1750 ml-1775 ml, 1775 ml-1800 ml, 1800 ml-1825 ml, 1825 ml-1850 ml, 1850 ml-1875 ml, 1875 ml-1900 ml, 1900 ml-1925 ml, 1925 ml-1950 ml, 1950 ml-1975 ml, 1975 ml-2000 ml. 
     In some embodiments, in methods of the present teachings, a corn mash can be filtered through one, two, three, or more filters prior to DNA extraction. In some configurations, the corn mash can be passed through a first filter with a limited pore size, thereby forming a first filtrate. The resulting first filtrate can then be passed through a second filter with a limited pore size, thereby forming a second filtrate. The resulting second filtrate can then be passed through a third filter with a limited pore size, thereby forming a third filtrate. 
     In various configurations, the first filter can have a pore size of 500 μm to 1000 μm. In various configurations, the first filter can have a pore size of 510 μm to 990 μm, 520 μm to 980 μm, 530 μm to 970 μm, 540 to 960 μm, 550 to 950 μm, 560 to 940 μm, 570 to 930 μm, 580 to 920 μm, 590 to 910 μm, 600 to 900 μm, 610 to 890 μm, 620 to 880 μm, 630 to 870 μm, 440 to 860 μm, 650 to 850 μm, 660 to 840 μm, 670 to 830 μm, 680 to 820 μm, 690 to 810 μm, 700 to 800 μm, 710 to 790 μm, 720 to 780 μm, 730 to 770 μm, or 740 to 760 μm. In various configurations, the first filter can have a pore size of 500 μm-510 μm, 510 μm-520 μm, 520 μm-530 μm, 530 μm-540 μm, 540 μm-550 μm, 550 μm-560 μm, 560 μm-570 μm, 570 μm-580 μm, 580 μm-590 μm, 590-600 μm, 600-610 μm, 610-620 μm, 620 μm-630 μm, 630 μm-640 μm, 640 μm-650 μm, 650 μm-660 μm, 660 μm-670 μm, 670 μm-680 μm, 680 μm-690 μm, 690 μm-700 μm, 700 μm-710 μm, 710 μm-720 μm, 720 μm-730 μm, 730 μm-740 μm, 740 μm-750 μm, 750 μm-760 μm, 760 μm-770 μm, 770 μm-780 μm, 780 μm-790 μm, 790 μm-800 μm, 800 μm-810 μm, 810 μm-820 μm, 820 μm-830 μm, 830 μm-840 μm, 840 μm-850 μm, 850 μm-860 μm, 860 μm-870 μm, 870 μm-880 μm, 880 μm-890 μm, 890 μm-900 μm, 900 μm-910 μm, 910 μm-920 μm, 920 μm-930 μm, 930 μm-940 μm, 940 μm-950 μm, 950 μm-960 μm, 960 μm-970 μm, 970 μm-980 μm, 980 μm-990 μm, or 990 μm-1000 μm. 
     In various configurations, the second filter can have a pore size of 200 μm to 600 μm. In various configurations, the second filter can have a pore size of 210 μm to 590 μm, 220 μm to 580 μm, 230 μm to 570 μm, 240 μm to 560 μm, 250 μm to 550 μm, 260 μm to 540 μm, 270 μm to 530 μm, 280 μm to 520 μm, 290 μm to 510 μm, 300 μm to 500 μm, 310 μm to 490 μm, 320 μm to 480 μm, 330 μm to 470 μm, 340 μm to 460 μm, 350 μm to 450 μm, 360 μm to 440 μm, 370 μm to 430 μm, 380 μm to 420 μm, or 390 μm to 410 μm. In various configurations, the second filter can have a pore size of 200 μm-210 μm, 210 μm-220 μm, 220 μm-230 μm, 230 μm-240 μm, 240 μm-250 μm, 250 μm-260 μm, 260 μm-270 μm, 270 μm-280 μm, 280 μm-290 μm, 290 μm-300 μm, 292 μm-302 μm, 295 μm-305 μm, 297 μm-307 μm, 300 μm-310 μm, 310 μm-320 μm, 320 μm-330 μm, 330 μm-340 μm, or 340 μm-350 μm, 350 μm-360 μm, 360 μm-370 μm, 370 μm-380 μm, 380 μm-390 μm, 390 μm-400 μm, 400 μm-410 μm, 410 μm-420 μm, 420 μm-430 μm, 430 μm-440 μm, 440 μm-450 μm, 450 μm-460 μm, 460 μm-470 μm, 470 μm-480 μm, 480 μm-490 μm, 490 μm-500 μm, 500 μm-510 μm, 510 μm-520 μm, 520 μm-530 μm, 530 μm-540 μm, 540 μm-550 μm, 550 μm-560 μm, 560 μm-570 μm, 570 μm-580 μm, 580 μm-590 μm, or 590 μm-600 μm. 
     In various configurations, the third filter can have a pore size of 100 μm to 300 μm. In various configurations, the third filter can have a pore size of 110 μm to 290 μm, 120 μm to 280 μm, 130 μm to 270 μm, 140 μm to 260 μm, 150 μm to 250 μm, 160 μm to 240 μm, 170 μm to 230 μm, 180 μm to 220 μm, or 190 μm to 210 μm. In various configurations, the third filter can have a pore size of 100 μm-110 μm, 110 μm-120 μm, 120 μm-130 μm, 130 μm-140 μm, 140 μm-150 μm, 145 μm-155 μm, 150 μm-160 μm, 160 μm-170 μm, 170 μm-180 μm, 180 μm-190 μm, 190 μm-200 μm, 200 μm-210 μm, 210 μm-220 μm, 220 μm-230 μm, 230 μm-240 μm, 240 μm-250 μm, 250 μm-260 μm, 260 μm-270 μm, 270 μm-280 μm, 280 μm-290 μm, 290 μm-300 μm. 
     The filtration apparatus  100  of  FIG. 3  is an embodiment which includes a barrel, such as a syringe-like barrel  11  defining an interior space configured for containing a sample of interest, such as a LAB-containing sample of interest, e.g., into which a sample of corn mash may be poured. The syringe further comprises a plunger  12  which fits snugly but movably within the syringe barrel  11  and can be manipulated to purge, i.e., mechanically force the sample of corn mash through one or multiple filters  13  such as screen meshes sized to allow, e.g., LAB cells of interest to pass through pores in the filter(s), but to substantially screen out bulk organic matter contained in the corn mash or other LAB-containing sample of interest. In an embodiment, the filter  13  comprises the filters  1 ,  2 , and  3 . The filtration apparatus  100  as embodied herein can also be one in combination with other types of samples of interest which would benefit from the unique attributes of such apparatus  100 , e.g., agriculturally-related, environmentally-related and industrially-related samples of interest; and more particularly, as applied in combination with fermentation-related and corn mash-related samples which would benefit from the apparatus&#39;s structure and function in order to enhance the user&#39;s ability to screen out bulk and other organic material and separate them from the targeted cells. The filters can be housed within or located next to a cap, or other receptacle portion  14  of the filtration apparatus  100 , e.g., at one end of the syringe barrel. In an alternative to a receptacle housed within or next to the filters, the apparatus may be supplied with a cap including a conduit  14  or a conduit directly connected for transfer of the LAB-cell containing portion to such a receptacle external to the apparatus (not shown). By applying pressure to a syringe handle  15  or other such device attached or integral to the plunger for urging the sample of interest toward the filter, this filtering process serves to facilitate the removal of the excessive starch-releasing particles from the crude sample, which remain trapped behind the screen mesh or meshes  13  that otherwise can significantly inhibit the downstream detection/quantification assay. Simultaneously, the filtration allows the LAB bacterial cells to pass through the pores of the mesh or meshes  13  and be readied to undergo nucleic acid extraction. While Applicants believe that the purification and filtration methods and apparatuses provided herein for the field of quantification of LAB, especially in biological and fermentation samples such as corn mash as detailed herein are independently patentable, those skilled in the art would have knowledge of alternative purification and filtration methods which can provide alternatives which can be used with the detection and quantification of LAB methods, compositions and kits described herein with the use of various meshes or other approaches prior to extraction. 
     As depicted in the flow chart shown in  FIG. 1 , in an embodiment, various chemical and physical processes are used to produce a LAB-containing supernatant of nucleic acids from the sample filtrate. In such a nucleic acid extraction, a filtered sample volume can be added to a matrix containing a chelating agent (or other ion exchange resin) and a digestive enzyme. The resulting mixture is held constant at a specified temperature for a finite time, followed by reagent inactivation. This incubation is then followed by centrifugation. In the preferred embodiment of the method depicted in  FIG. 1 , the supernatant containing lysed LAB cells can for use in conducting a universal (or targeted) LAB assay. Again, one skilled in the art would have knowledge of alternative types of chelating resins, such as InstaGene Matrix™, Chelex® Extraction Solution, and/or extraction techniques utilizing sonication. 
     In various configurations, the filtered sample can range in volume from 20 μl to 1000 μl. In various configurations, the filtered sample volume can be from 20 μl-30 μl, 30 μl-40 μl, 40 μl-50 μl, 50 μl-60 μl, 60 μl-70 μl, 70 μl-80 μl, 80 μl-90 μl, 90 μl-100 μl, 100 μl-110 μl, 110 μl-120 μl, 120 μl-130 μl, 130 μl-140 μl, 140 μl-150 μl, 150 μl-160 μl, 160 μl-170 μl, 170 μl-180 μl, 180 μl-190 μl, 190 μl-200 μl, 210 μl-220 μl, 220 μl-230 μl, 230 μl-240 μl, 240 μl-250 μl, 250 μl-260 μl, 260 μl-270 μl, 270 μl-280 μl, 280 μl-290 μl, 290 μl-300 μl, 310 μl-320 μl, 320 μl-330 μl, 330 μl-340 μl, 340 μl-350 μl, 350 μl-360 μl, 360 μl-370 μl, 370 μl-380 μl, 380 μl-390 μl, 390 μl-400 μl, 410 μl-420 μl, 420 μl-430 μl, 430 μl-440 μl, 440 μl-450 μl, 450 μl-460 μl, 460 μl-470 μl, 470 μl-480 μl, 480 μl-490 μl, 490 μl-500 μl, 510 μl-520 μl, 520 μl-530 μl, 530 μl-540 μl, 540 μl-550 μl, 550 μl-560 μl, 560 μl-570 μl, 570 μl-580 μl, 580 μl-590 μl, 590 μl-600 μl, 610 μl-620 μl, 620 μl-630 μl, 630 μl-640 μl, 640 μl-650 μl, 650 μl-660 μl, 660 μl-670 μl, 670 μl-680 μl, 680 μl-690 μl, 690 μl-700 μl, 710 μl-720 μl, 720 μl-730 μl, 730 μl-740 μl, 740 μl-750 μl, 750 μl-760 μl, 760 μl-770 μl, 770 μl-780 μl, 780 μl-790 μl, 790 μl-800 μl, 810 μl-820 μl, 820 μl-830 μl, 830 μl-840 μl, 840 μl-850 μl, 850 μl-860 μl, 860 μl-870 μl, 870 μl-880 μl, 880 μl-890 μl, 890 μl-900 μl, 910 μl-920 μl, 920 μl-930 μl, 930 μl-940 μl, 940 μl-950 μl, 950 μl-960 μl, 960 μl-970 μl, 970 μl-980 μl, 980 μl-990 μl, or 990 μl-1000 μl. 
     In various configurations, a filtered sample volume can be added to a matrix containing a chelating agent (or other ion exchange resin) that can range in percentage from 5%-20%. In various configurations, the percentage can be about 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, or 20%. In some embodiments, aliquots of the reagents are provided. 
     In various configurations, the matrix containing a chelating agent (or other ion exchange resin) and a digestive enzyme that ranges in concentration from 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. In various configurations, the concentration can be 0.1 mg/ml, 0.2 mg/ml, 0.3 mg/ml, 0.4 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 0.6 mg/ml, 0.7 mg/ml, 0.8 mg/ml, 0.9 mg/ml, or 1.0 mg/ml. 
     In various configurations, the sample combined with the matrix is incubated at temperatures of 56-65° C. In various configurations, the temperature for incubation can be at 56° C., 57° C., 58° C., 59° C., 60° C., 61° C., 62° C., 63° C., 64° C., or 65° C. 
     In various configurations, the sample combined with the matrix is held at a constant temperature for a period of time ranging from 10 minutes to 30 minutes. In various configurations, the time can be 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, 16 minutes, 17 minutes, 18 minutes, 19 minutes, 20 minutes, 21 minutes, 22 minutes, 23 minutes, 24 minutes, 25 minutes, 26 minutes, 27 minutes, 28 minutes, 29 minutes, or 30 minutes. 
     In various configurations, the inactivation period can be from 5 minutes to 20 minutes. In various configurations, the inactivation period can from 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, 16 minutes, 17 minutes, 18 minutes, 19 minutes, or 20 minutes. Temperatures for conducting such inactivation sessions can be, e.g., from at least 80° C. and greater, which is generally within the knowledge of those skilled in this art. 
     A universal LAB assay of the invention, as presented, can be provided, e.g. as a kit containing single use tubes or in a bulk quantity in a format that contains all of the necessary components to amplify, detect and quantify, that is targeted towards particular genera and/or species of LAB, including the most common LAB contaminants found within a fermentation sample,  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  and  Weissella . In preferred embodiments, the universal LAB quantification kits provide the reagents and consumables needed to measure the LAB levels in most any identified substrate. This standardized approach allows for greatly increased repeatability and reproducibility of test results from less experienced users having limited to no molecular biology experience, e.g., by minimizing the number of pipetting steps required. 
     Included in the methods of the invention are application of the kits and methods to collect samples in and track levels of the LAB during detection and quantitative testing of laboratory, agriculturally-, environmentally- and industrially-related sampling, including every phase of a fermentation process. By using these kits and methods to detect and quantify the presence and levels of LAB following the teachings of Applicants&#39; invention, users can, e.g., identify locations in ethanol facilities where bacterial build-up has occurred, monitor troubleshooting ventures in fermentation batches that are not doing as well as expected, monitor during decontamination efforts, and control and guide appropriate antibiotic usage based on test results. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, the universal LAB quantification kits and methods are integrated into automated on-demand molecular diagnostic systems such as the GeneXpert® offered commercially by Cepheid. Such automated cartridge technology, as exemplified by the GeneXpert® system, provides for inserting samples of interest into the cartridge, and through the use of sonication, completion of the nucleic acid extraction step through the quantitative PCR analysis step as otherwise outlined in  FIG. 1 , in an automated manner. 
     The assay components may include at least the real-time qPCR oligonucleotide probes and forward and reverse primers configured for such LAB targets as found within at least, but not limited to, over thirty species of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  and  Weissella , and in various combinations. See, e.g., Table 1, below. Applicants have discovered that the nucleotides encoding the 16S rRNA gene from  Lactobacillus delbrueckii  subsp.  delbrueckii  strain NBRC 3202 (Accession number: NZ_BEWJ01000039.1, whole genome 12,774 bp obtained from GenBank) starting at base pair 8,420 through 8,845, were viable to be used to extract the corresponding gene region from all other  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  and  Weissella  species previously identified in corn-based fuel fermentations (Table 1) (Chang et al. 1995; Skinner and Leathers, 2004; Lucena et al. 2010). Upon analysis, Applicants further discovered that this particular sequence has from 1-6 copies per genome, depending upon strain, which can be taken into consideration when extrapolating quantities. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Lactic acid bacterial species specifically detected by the 
               
               
                 preferred primers and probe sets as detailed in Table 2. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 NO: 4 
                 NO: 9 
               
               
                 Lactic Acid Bacterial Species 
                 Probe 
                 Probe 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus acidophilus 
                 
                 ✓ 
                   
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus amylovorus 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus brevis 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus buchneri 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus casei 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus crispatus 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus delbrueckii 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                   Lactobacillus delbrueckii  subsp.  delbrueckii   
                 ✓ 
               
               
                   Lactobacillus delbrueckii  subsp.  lactis   
                 ✓ 
               
               
                   Lactobacillus diolivorans -like 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus ferintoshensis 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 (aka  parabuchneri ) 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus fermentum 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus gasseri 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus helveticus 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus hilgardii 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus lindneri 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus manihotivorans 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus mucosae 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus nagelii 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                   Lactobacillus paracasei  subsp.  paracasei   
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus pentosus 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus plantarum 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus reuteri 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus rhamnosus 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                   Lactobacillus salivarius  subsp.  salivarius   
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus vini 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Pediococcus acidilactici 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Pediococcus damnosus 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Pediococcus inopinatus 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Pediococcus parvulus 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Pediococcus pentosaceus 
                 
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Weissella confuse 
                 
                   
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Weissella paramesenteroides 
                 
                   
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Weissella viridescens 
                 
                   
                 ✓ 
               
               
                 
                   Dekkera bruxellensis 
                 
                 No significant 
               
               
                 (aka  abstinens ) 
                 similarity found 
               
               
                 
                   Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
                 
                 No significant 
               
               
                   
                 similarity found 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Non-limiting examples of sequences of oligonucleotide primers and probes of the present teachings are set forth in Table 2. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 The nucleotide sequences for preferred primers and probe 
               
               
                 sets. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Product 
               
               
                   
                 Forward 
                   
                 Reverse 
                 Size 
               
               
                 Set 
                 Primer (5′-3′)  
                 Probe (5′-3′) 
                 Primer (5′-3′) 
                 (bp) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 GGAGGCAGCAGTAGG 
                 TGAAGAAGGGT 
                 TGCCACCTACGTATTA 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 GAATC 
                 TTCGGCTCG 
                 CCGC 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 1) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 3) 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 GCGGTAATACGTAGGT 
                 TGTCCGGATTTA 
                 ACCGCTACACATGGA 
                 166 
               
               
                   
                 GGCA 
                 TTGGGCGT 
                 GTTCC 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 4) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 5) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3 
                 GGAGGCAGCAGTAGG 
                 TGAAGAAGGGT 
                 ACGCTTGCCACCTAC 
                 305 
               
               
                   
                 GAATC 
                 TTCGGCTCG 
                 GTATT 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 1) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 7) 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 GGAGGCAGCAGTAGG 
                 TGAAGAAGGGT 
                 AACGCTTGCCACCTA 
                 206 
               
               
                   
                 GAATC 
                 TTCGGCTCG 
                 CGTAT 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 1) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 8) 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5 
                 GGAGGCAGCAGTAGG 
                 GCGGTAATACG 
                 ACCGCTACACATGGA 
                 346 
               
               
                   
                 GAATC 
                 TAGGTGGCA 
                 GTTCC 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 1) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 4) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 GGAGGCAGCAGTAGG 
                 GCGGTAATACG 
                 ACCGCTACACATGGA 
                 346 
               
               
                   
                 GAATC 
                 TATGTTCCA 
                 GTTCC 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 1) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 9) 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The LAB kits and assays of the invention can be used in various combinations. For example, they can be targeted to detect simultaneously all genera targets, only the  Lactobacillus  and  Pediococcus  targets, or just the  Weissella  target, in a single tube by specific selection of primers and probes. Thus, particular kits would allow for the detection of all three genera simultaneously ( Weissella, Pediococcus  and  Lactobacillus ), only two targets ( Pediococcus  and  Lactobacillus ), or just one target ( Weissella ). SEQ ID NO: 4 detects both  Pediococcus  and  Lactobacillus . SEQ ID NO: 9 detects only  Weissella  species. As known by those skilled in the art, workable close sequence identity of alternative forward, reverse primers and probes, e.g., of those listed in Table 2 above, such as those within the range of 70%-99.9% sequence similarity, within 5 bps-50 bps of sequence length, and/or including additions and deletions to such sequences, and any modification made by sliding or shifting the sequences by a few nucleotides, may be designed or discovered and tested, given the teachings of this invention. Such workable alternative primers and probes, together with those that use any degenerate or alternative bases for making any of the primers and probes as set forth in Table 2, or the modified primers outlined above are also within the scope of the present invention. 
     In various embodiments, a qPCR probe of the present teachings can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of a DNA oligonucleotide, a fluorophore, and at least one quencher, wherein the DNA oligonucleotide can consist of a sequence selected from the group consisting of TGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2), GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4), TGTCCGGATTTATTGGGCGT (SEQ ID NO: 5), and GCGGTAATACGTATGTTCCA (SEQ ID NO: 9). In various configurations, the at least one quencher can be two quenchers, such as, for example, a combination of a Zen quencher and an Iowa Black quencher as described in Xia, H. et al., BioTechniques 60: 28-34, 2016. 
     In various configurations, the sequence of an oligonucleotide primer or probe can have at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or 100% sequence identity with a primer or probe described herein, e.g., a sequence can have at least 14, at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18 bases, at least 19 bases, or all bases identical to the sequence of a primer or probe set forth herein. 
     In various embodiments, a composition of the present teachings can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of i) a qPCR probe consisting of an oligonucleotide, a fluorophore and at least one quencher, wherein the probe hybridizes under stringent conditions to  Lactobacillus  bacteria of species not limited to  L. acidophilus, L. amylovorus, L. brevis, L. buchneri, L. casei, L. crispatus, L. delbrueckii  subsp.  delbrueckii, L. delbrueckii  subsp.  lactis, L. diolivorans -like,  L. ferintoshensis  (aka  parabuchneri ),  L. fermentum, L. gasseri, L. helveticus, L. hilgardii, L. lindneri, L. manihotivorans, L. mucosae, L. nagelii, L. paracasei  subsp.  paracasei, L. pentosus, L. plantarum, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. salivarius  subsp.  salivarius  and  L. vini ; ii) a first oligonucleotide primer which can hybridize under stringent conditions to the  Lactobacillus  bacteria species; and iii) a second oligonucleotide primer which can hybridize under stringent conditions to the  Lactobacillus  bacteria species. In various configurations, the at least one quencher can be two quenchers. In various configurations, each of the probe, the first oligonucleotide primer and the second oligonucleotide primer can hybridize to a complementary sequence within the 16S rRNA gene. In various configurations, each of the first oligonucleotide primer and the second oligonucleotide primer can be, independently, from 15 bases to 25 bases in length. In various configurations, a probe can be from 5 bases to 25 bases in length, and can further include a fluorophore and quencher(s). In various configurations, each of the probe, the first oligonucleotide primer, and the second oligonucleotide primer can be 20 bases in length. In various configurations, each of the probe, the first oligonucleotide primer, and the second oligonucleotide primer can be 18 bases in length. In various configurations, each of the first oligonucleotide primer, and the second oligonucleotide primer can independently comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of 15 bases, 16 bases, 17 bases, 18 bases, 19 bases, 20 bases, 21 bases, 22 bases, 23 bases, 24 bases or 25 bases. In various configurations, the probe can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one, two or more fluorophores, one, two or more quenchers, and 5 bases, 6 bases, 7 bases, 8 bases, 9 bases, 10 bases, 11 bases, 12 bases, 13 bases, 14 bases, 15 bases, 16 bases, 17 bases, 18 bases, 19 bases, 20 bases, 21 bases, 22 bases, 23 bases, 24 bases or 25 bases. 
     In various embodiments, a composition of the present teachings can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of i) a qPCR probe consisting of an oligonucleotide, a fluorophore and at least one quencher, wherein the probe hybridizes under stringent conditions to  Pediococcus  bacteria of species not limited to  P. acidilactici, P. damnosus, P. inopinatus, P. parvulus , and  P. pentosaceus ; ii) a first oligonucleotide primer which can hybridize under stringent conditions to the  Pediococcus  bacteria species; and iii) a second oligonucleotide primer which can hybridize under stringent conditions to the  Pediococcus  bacteria species. In various configurations, the at least one quencher can be two quenchers. In various configurations, each of the probe, the first oligonucleotide primer and the second oligonucleotide primer can hybridize to a complementary sequence within the 16S rRNA gene. In various configurations, each of the first oligonucleotide primer and the second oligonucleotide primer can be, independently, from 15 bases to 25 bases in length. In various configurations, a probe can be from 5 bases to 25 bases in length, and can further include a fluorophore and quencher(s). In various configurations, each of the probe, the first oligonucleotide primer, and the second oligonucleotide primer can be 20 bases in length. In various configurations, each of the probe, the first oligonucleotide primer, and the second oligonucleotide primer can be 18 bases in length. In various configurations, each of the first oligonucleotide primer, and the second oligonucleotide primer can independently comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of 15 bases, 16 bases, 17 bases, 18 bases, 19 bases, 20 bases, 21 bases, 22 bases, 23 bases, 24 bases or 25 bases. In various configurations, the probe can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one, two or more fluorophores, one, two or more quenchers, and 5 bases, 6 bases, 7 bases, 8 bases, 9 bases, 10 bases, 11 bases, 12 bases, 13 bases, 14 bases, 15 bases, 16 bases, 17 bases, 18 bases, 19 bases, 20 bases, 21 bases, 22 bases, 23 bases, 24 bases or 25 bases. 
     In various embodiments, a composition of the present teachings can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of i) a qPCR probe consisting of an oligonucleotide, a fluorophore and at least one quencher, wherein the probe hybridizes under stringent conditions to  Weissella  bacteria of species not limited to  W. confusa, W. paramesenteroides , and  W. viridescens ; ii) a first oligonucleotide primer which can hybridize under stringent conditions to the  Weissella  bacteria species; and iii) a second oligonucleotide primer which can hybridize under stringent conditions to the  Weissella  bacteria species. In various configurations, the at least one quencher can be two quenchers. In various configurations, each of the probe, the first oligonucleotide primer and the second oligonucleotide primer can hybridize to a complementary sequence within the 16S rRNA gene. In various configurations, each of the first oligonucleotide primer and the second oligonucleotide primer can be, independently, from 15 bases to 25 bases in length. In various configurations, a probe can be from 5 bases to 25 bases in length, and can further include a fluorophore and quencher(s). In various configurations, each of the probe, the first oligonucleotide primer, and the second oligonucleotide primer can be 20 bases in length. In various configurations, each of the probe, the first oligonucleotide primer, and the second oligonucleotide primer can be 18 bases in length. In various configurations, each of the first oligonucleotide primer, and the second oligonucleotide primer can independently comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of 15 bases, 16 bases, 17 bases, 18 bases, 19 bases, 20 bases, 21 bases, 22 bases, 23 bases, 24 bases or 25 bases. In various configurations, the probe can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one, two or more fluorophores, one, two or more quenchers, and 5 bases, 6 bases, 7 bases, 8 bases, 9 bases, 10 bases, 11 bases, 12 bases, 13 bases, 14 bases, 15 bases, 16 bases, 17 bases, 18 bases, 19 bases, 20 bases, 21 bases, 22 bases, 23 bases, 24 bases or 25 bases. 
     In various embodiments, a composition of the present teachings can comprise: i) a qPCR probe comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of a DNA oligonucleotide, a fluorophore, and at least one quencher, wherein the DNA oligonucleotide consists of a sequence selected from the group consisting of TGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2), GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4), TGTCCGGATTTA TTGGGCGT (SEQ ID NO: 5) and GCGGTAATACGTATGTTCCA (SEQ ID NO: 9); ii) a first oligonucleotide primer having a sequence selected from the group consisting of GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1) and GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4), and iii) a second oligonucleotide primer having a sequence selected from the group consisting of TGCCACCTACGTATTACCGC (SEQ ID NO: 3), ACCGCTACACATGGAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 6), ACGCTTGCCACCTACGTATT (SEQ ID NO: 7), and AACGCTTGCCACCTACGTAT (SEQ ID NO: 8). In various configurations, the at least one quencher can be two quenchers. In various configurations, the sequence of the qPCR probe can be TGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2), the sequence of the first oligonucleotide primer can be GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1), and the sequence of the second oligonucleotide primer can be TGCCACCTACGTATTACCGC (SEQ ID NO: 3). In various configurations, the sequence of the qPCR probe can be TGTCCGGATTTATTGGGCGT (SEQ ID NO: 5), the sequence of the first PCR primer can be GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4), and the sequence of the second PCR primer can be ACCGCTACACATGGAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 6). In various configurations, the sequence of the qPCR probe can be TGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2), the sequence of the first PCR primer can be GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1), and the sequence of the second PCR primer can be ACGCTTGCCACCTACGTATT (SEQ ID NO: 7). In various configurations, the sequence of the qPCR probe can be TGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2), the sequence of the first PCR primer can be GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1), and the sequence of the second PCR primer can be AACGCTTGCCACCTACGTAT (SEQ ID NO: 8). In various configurations, the sequence of the qPCR probe can be GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4), the sequence of the first PCR primer can be GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1), and the sequence of the second PCR primer can be ACCGCTACACATGGAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 6). In various configurations, the sequence of the qPCR probe can be GCGGTAATACGTATGTTCCA (SEQ ID NO: 9), the sequence of the first PCR primer can be GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1), and the sequence of the second PCR primer can be ACCGCTACACATGGAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 6). 
     In various configurations, a composition in accordance with the present teachings can further comprise a plurality of dNTPs and a DNA polymerase. 
     In various embodiments, the present teachings include a kit comprising a qPCR probe comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of, a DNA oligonucleotide, a fluorophore, and at least one quencher, wherein the DNA oligonucleotide consists of a sequence selected from the group consisting of TGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2), GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4), TGTCCGGATTTATTGGGCGT (SEQ ID NO: 5) and GCGGTAATACGTATGTTCCA (SEQ ID NO: 9); ii) a first oligonucleotide primer having a sequence selected from the group consisting of GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1) and GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4); and iii) a second oligonucleotide primer having a sequence selected from the group consisting of TGCCACCTACGTATTACCGC (SEQ ID NO: 3), ACCGCTACACATGGAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 6), ACGCTTGCCACCTACGTATT (SEQ ID NO: 7), and AACGCTTGCCACCTACGTAT (SEQ ID NO: 8). In some configurations, the at least one quencher can be two quenchers. In various configurations, a kit can further comprise a DNA polymerase. In some configurations, the DNA polymerase can be a thermostable DNA polymerase. In some configurations, the kit can further comprise dNTPs. In various configurations a kit can further comprise a PCR master mix. 
     In various embodiments, a method of quantifying lactic acid bacteria in a sample, can comprise: a) providing a sample comprising or suspected of comprising LAB bacteria; b) extracting from the sample an aqueous-soluble fraction comprising DNA; b) forming a mixture comprising the DNA and a reaction mixture comprising a qPCR probe, a first oligonucleotide primer, and a second nucleotide primer in accordance with the present teachings; and c) performing a qPCR amplification on the mixture. In some configurations, the performing a qPCR amplification comprises determining a cycle threshold (Ct) value for the sample wherein a Ct value below a cut-off value indicates the presence of LAB in the sample. In various configurations, the sample can comprise or can be, for example and without limitation, a corn mash, a cereal mash, or a cabbage mash. In some configurations, the sample can comprise a corn mash. In various configurations, the sequence of the first oligonucleotide primer can be GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1), the sequence of the second PCR primer can be TGCCACCTACGTATTACCGC (SEQ ID NO: 3), and the sequence of the qPCR probe can be TGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2). In various configurations, the sequence of the first oligonucleotide primer can be GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4), the sequence of the second oligonucleotide primer can be ACCGCTACACATGGAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 6), and the sequence of the qPCR probe can be TGTCCGGATTTATTGGGCGT (SEQ ID NO: 5). In various configurations, the sequence of the first oligonucleotide primer can be GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1), the sequence of the second PCR primer can be ACGCTTGCCACCTACGTATT (SEQ ID NO: 7), and the sequence of the qPCR probe can be TGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2). In various configurations, the sequence of the first oligonucleotide primer can be GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1), the sequence of the second PCR primer can be AACGCTTGCCACCTACGTAT (SEQ ID NO: 8), and the sequence of the qPCR probe can be TGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2). In various configurations, the sequence of the first oligonucleotide primer can be GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1), the sequence of the second PCR primer can be ACCGCTACACATGGAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 6), and the sequence of the qPCR probe can be GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4). In various configurations, the sequence of the first oligonucleotide primer can be GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1), the sequence of the second PCR primer can be ACCGCTACACATGGAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 6), and the sequence of the qPCR probe can be GCGGTAATACGTATGTTCCA (SEQ ID NO: 9). 
     The present inventors have developed qPCR-based assays for the detection and quantification of at least, but not limited to, over 30 different lactic acid bacterial species and as described above, of other LAB genera commonly found as contaminants of ethanol production, and other fermentation systems such as, for example, fermentations of corn mash, wheat mash, beer, and sauerkraut. 
     Furthermore, in addition to the presently preferred embodiment as featured in  FIGS. 1 and 3 , the present inventors have developed a system, including an apparatus and method, for preparing fermentation mixtures such as mash samples for use in assays for detecting LAB. The methods of the system can be used to detect LAB from any sample source, such as but not limited to corn mash undergoing fermentation, bee populations, soil, and agricultural crops. In their system, particles that are slightly larger than most bacteria can be sieved out. In their methods, a filtrate can be collected which can be subjected to molecular analysis, such as a PCR analysis, for detection of contaminating LAB. When used in conjunction with a universal LAB PCR-based assay described herein, contaminating lactic acid bacteria in a sample can be detected and quantified. Samples of mash can be obtained at any time point during the production of ethanol and analyzed for LAB contamination. 
     In various configurations, a qPCR amplification can comprise cyclically heating the mixture to a denaturation temperature such as 95° C. then to a reannealing/extension temperature which can be from 60° C.-70° C., for one or more cycles. In various configurations, the reannealing/extension temperature can be, for example, 60° C., 61° C., 62° C., 63° C., 64° C., 65° C., 66° C., 67° C., 68° C., 69° C., 70° C. or a combination thereof. A mixture can be considered positive for the presence of LAB if a fluorescence signal is detected and a cycle threshold (Ct value, defined as the number of cycles required for a qPCR fluorescence signal to exceed a background level) can be determined, after 1 cycle, 2 cycles, or more cycles, in view of experimentally determined detection thresholds. In various configurations, the cyclical heating can consist of 1 cycle, 2 cycles, 3 cycles, 4 cycles 5 cycles, 6 cycles, 7 cycles, 8 cycles, 9 cycles, 10 cycles, 11 cycles, 12 cycles, 13 cycles, 14 cycles 15 cycles, 15 cycles, 16 cycles, 17 cycles, 18 cycles, 19 cycles, 20 cycles, 21 cycles, 22 cycles, 23 cycles, 24 cycles, 25 cycles, 26 cycles, 27 cycles, 28 cycles, 29 cycles, 30 cycles, 31 cycles, 32 cycles, 33 cycles, 34 cycles, 35 cycles, 36 cycles, 37 cycles, 38 cycles, 39 cycles, 40 cycles, or as many cycles as the practitioner determines. In some configurations, a fluorescence signal generated during the thermal cycling can correlate to a Ct value, which can be used to quantify the LAB comprised by a sample. 
     In some configurations, the PCR amplification can further comprise an initial denaturation step which can last from 30 seconds up to 15 minutes at 95° C. In some configurations, the initial denaturation step can be 30 seconds to 2 minutes. In various configurations, the initial denaturation step can be 2 minutes. In various configurations, the LAB can be selected from the group consisting but not limited to,  L. acidophilus, L. amylovorus, L. brevis, L. buchneri, L. casei, L. crispatus, L. delbrueckii  subsp.  delbrueckii, L. delbrueckii  subsp.  lactic, L. diolivorans -like,  L. ferintoshensis  (aka  parabuchneri ),  L. fermentum, L. gasseri, L. helveticus, L. hilgardii, L. lindneri, L. manihotivorans, L. mucosae, L. nagelii, L. paracasei  subsp.  paracasei, L. pentosus, L. plantarum, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. salivarius  subsp.  salivarius, L. vini, P. acidilactici, P. damnosus, P. inopinatus, P. parvulus, P. pentosaceus, W. confusa, W. paramesenteroides , and  W. viridescens , and any combination thereof. 
     In some configurations, a method of quantifying  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria in a sample can comprise preparing a biological sample for a qPCR analysis in accordance with the present teachings; and performing a qPCR analysis on the extracted DNA. In various configurations, the performing a qPCR analysis on the extracted DNA can comprise forming a mixture comprising the extracted DNA, a probe, a first oligonucleotide primer, and a second oligonucleotide primer; subjecting the mixture to thermal cycling; detecting a fluorescence emission signal from the mixture in real time; and determining a Ct value of the thermally cycled mixture. In various configurations, standards can be used to calibrate a qPCR analysis, and a cut-off Ct value for detecting LAB can be determined. A skilled artisan will be able to determine a Ct value indicating a positive signal which may vary with different equipment and reagents. In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 30 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 30 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 32 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria. In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 31 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 31 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.”, whereas a Ct value of 32 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 33 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 33 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 34 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 34 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 35 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 35 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 36 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 36 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 37 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 37 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 38 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 38 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 39 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 39 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 40 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 40 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 41 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 41 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 42 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 42 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 43 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 43 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 44 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 44 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 45 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 45 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 46 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 46 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 47 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 47 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 48 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 48 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 49 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 49 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” In some configurations, a Ct value of less than 50 can indicate the presence of  Lactobacillus, Pediococcus  or  Weissella  bacteria, whereas a Ct value of 50 or greater can be considered to be background or “noise.” 
     In various configurations,  Lactobacillus  species which can be detected by the disclosed assays can be selected from the group consisting of but not limited to  L. acidophilus, L. amylovorus, L. brevis, L. buchneri, L. casei, L. crispatus, L. delbrueckii  subsp.  delbrueckii, L. delbrueckii  subsp.  lactis, L. diolivorans -like,  L. ferintoshensis  (aka  parabuchneri ),  L. fermentum, L. gasseri, L. helveticus, L. hilgardii, L. lindneri, L. manihotivorans, L. mucosae, L. nagelii, L. paracasei  subsp.  paracasei, L. pentosus, L. plantarum, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. salivarius  subsp.  salivarius, L. vini  and any combination thereof. In various configurations,  Pediococcus  species which can be detected by the disclosed assays can be selected from the group consisting of but not limited to  P. acidilactici, P. damnosus, P. inopinatus, P. parvulus , and  P. pentosaceus  and any combination thereof. In various configurations,  Weissella  species which can be detected by the disclosed assays can be selected from the group consisting of but not limited to  W. confusa, W. paramesenteroides , and  W. viridescens  and any combination thereof. In various configurations, the first oligonucleotide primer can have a sequence selected from the group consisting of GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1) and GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4), the second oligonucleotide primer can have a sequence selected from the group consisting of TGCCACCTACGTATTACCGC (SEQ ID NO: 3), ACCGCTACACATGGAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 6), ACGCTTGCCACCTACGTATT (SEQ ID NO: 7), and AACGCTTGCCACCTACGTAT (SEQ ID NO: 8), and the probe can have a sequence selected from the group consisting of TGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2), GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4), TGTCCGGATTTATTGGGCGT (SEQ ID NO: 5), and GCGGTAATACGTATGTTCCA (SEQ ID NO: 9), wherein the probe further comprises a fluorophore and a quencher. 
     In various configurations, a qPCR assay can comprise forming a mixture comprising a resuspended pellet as described supra or a portion thereof, a qPCR probe, a first primer, a second primer, dNTPs and a thermostable DNA polymerase; subjecting the mixture to thermal cycling for up to 50 cycles of heating at, e.g., 95° C. for 15 seconds and heating at 60° C. for 1 minute. In various configurations, the thermal cycling can be preceded by heat at about 95° C. for 30 seconds to 15 minutes. In various configurations, the biological mixture can be or can comprise a corn mash, such as a corn mash from a corn-to-ethanol production line. 
     In various embodiments, the present teachings include a kit. In various configurations, a kit of the present teachings can comprise one or combinations of: i) a first oligonucleotide primer; ii) a second oligonucleotide primer; and iii) a qPCR probe in accordance with the present teachings. In various configurations, the kit can further comprise iv) a plurality of dNTPs; and v) a thermostable DNA polymerase. In various configurations, a qPCR probe can have a sequence selected from the group consisting of TGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2), GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4), TGTCCGGATTTATTGGGCGT (SEQ ID NO: 5), and GCGGTAATACGTATGTTCCA (SEQ ID NO: 9). In various configurations, a first oligonucleotide primer can have a sequence selected from the group consisting of GGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 1), and GCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 4). In various configurations, a second oligonucleotide primer can have a sequence selected from the group consisting of TGCCACCTACGTATTACCGC (SEQ ID NO: 3), ACCGCTACACATGGAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 6), ACGCTTGCCACCTACGTATT (SEQ ID NO: 7), and AACGCTTGCCACCTACGTAT (SEQ ID NO: 8). 
     As used herein, a qPCR probe can be a DNA oligonucleotide of 15-30 nucleotide bases, and further comprises a fluorophore and at least one quencher. In various configurations, a qPCR probe can have 15-25 bases. In various configurations, a qPCR probe can have a sequence of 15-20 bases. In various configurations, a qPCR probe can have a sequence of 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 nucleotide bases, plus a fluorophore and at least one quencher. In various configurations, the fluorophore can be, for example and without limitation, 6-FAM (6-Carboxyfluorescein), TET™ (Tetrachlorofluorescein), JOE™ (6-carboxy-4′,5′-dichloro-2′,7′-dimethoxyfluorescein), YAKIMA YELLOW® (Elitech Group), VIC® (Applied Biosystems, Inc.), PET® (Applied Biosystems, Inc.), fluorescein, a rhodamine (such as tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA™) (NHS ester), RHODAMINE RED™-X (NHS Ester), RHODAMINE GREEN™ (Carboxyrhodamine 110), ROX™ (glycine conjugate of 5-carboxy-X-rhodamine, succinimidyl ester, NHS Ester), an ATTO™ (ATTO-TEC GmbH) dye such as ATTO™ 488 (NHS Ester), ATTO™ 532 (NHS Ester), ATTO™ 550 (NHS Ester, novel fluorescent label related to the well-known dyes Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine B), ATTO™ 565 (NHS Ester), ATTO™ 590 (NHS Ester), ATTO™ 633 (NHS Ester), ATTO™ 647N (NHS Ester, fluorescent dye for the red spectral region), ATTO™ Rhol0l, (NHS Ester, a derivative of the well-known dye Rhodamine 101), an ALEXA FLUOR® (Life Technologies) such as ALEXA FLUOR® 488 (NHS Ester), ALEXA FLUOR® 532 (NHS Ester, 1H-Pyrano[3,2-f:5,6-f]diindole-10,12-disulfonic acid, 5-[4-[[(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]carbonyl]phenyl]-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-2,3,3,7,7,8-hexamethyl-271795-14-3), ALEXA FLUOR® 546 (NHS Ester), a coumarin, CASCADE BLUE® (Life Technologies), a BODIPY® (any of several fluorescent dyes comprising a core structure 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene, Life Technologies), TEXAS RED® (Life Technologies), TEX™ 615 (NHS Ester, red fluorescent dye, Integrated DNA Technologies), HEX™ (Applied Biosystems, Inc.; Hexachlorofluorescein), IRDYE® 800CW (NHS Ester) (LI-COR Biosciences), a MAXI™ NHS ester (fluorescent dye, excited with a 488 nm laser, Integrated DNA Technologies), TYE™ 563 (bright fluorescent dye, Integrated DNA Technologies), ALEXA FLUOR® 594 (NHS Ester, Pyrano[3,2-g:5,6-g′]diquinolin-13-ium, 6-[2-carboxy-4(or 5)-[[(2,5-dioxo-l-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]carbonyl]phenyl]-1,2,10,11-tetrahydro-1,2,2,10,10,ll-hexamethyl-4,8-bis(sulfomethyl)-), ALEXA FLUOR® 647 (NHS Ester a bright and photostable far-red dye with excitation ideally suited to the 633 nm laser line), ALEXA FLUOR® 660 (NHS Ester, bright and photostable far-red dye with excitation ideally suited to the 633 or 647 nm laser line), TYE™ 665 (bright, fluorescent dye, Integrated DNA Technologies), TYE™ 705 (bright, fluorescent dye, Integrated DNA Technologies), ALEXA FLUOR® 750 (NHS Ester, bright and photostable near-IR dye), Lucifer Yellow, and an indocyanine (CY3™, CY5™, CY5.5™, GE Healthcare). Other commercially available fluorophores are also suitable for the present teachings. 
     Non-limiting examples of suitable quencher molecules include ZEN-IOWA BLACK® FQ (dark quencher, Integrated DNA Technologies), IOWA BLACK® RQ (dark quencher, Integrated DNA Technologies), TAO-IOWA BLACK® RQ, TAMRA™, QSY® 7 succinimidyl ester (Xanthylium, 9-[2-[[4-[[(2,5-dioxo-l-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]carbonyI]-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl]phenyl]-3,6-bis(methylphenylamino)-, chloride 304014-12-8, Life Technologies), QSY® 9 succinimidyl ester (Life Technologies), QSY® 21 succinimidyl ester, (Life Technologies), QSY® 35 acetic acid, succinimidyl ester (Life Technologies), DABCYL (4-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)azo)benzoic acid, succinimidyl ester), dinitrophenyl (DNP), DDQ-I (Eurogentec proprietary non-fluorescent molecule quenching lower wavelength dyes), DDQ-II (Eurogentec proprietary non-fluorescent quencher with an absorbance between 550-750 nm), ECLIPSE™ (4-N-methyl-N-(4′-nitro-2′-chloroazobenzen-4-yl)-aminobutanamido-1-(2-O-dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)-pyrrolidin-4-yl-succinoyl long chain alkylamino-CPG, Epoch Biosciences), IOWA BLACK® FQ (Quencher with absorbance spectra from 420-620 nm, Integrated DNA Technologies), BHQ-1 (Biosearch Technologies) and BHQ-3 (Biosearch Technologies). Those skilled in the art can readily substitute a variety of detectable labels that can be used on the probes, selected among, but not limited to, fluorophores, radiolabels, haptens (e.g., biotin), chromogens or quenchers. 
     In some configurations, PCR can be carried out wherein the final concentration of the first and second oligonucleotide primer can be from 0.1 μM to 1 μM. In various configurations, the concentration of each of a forward and a reverse primer can be 0.1 μM, 0.2 μM, 0.3 μM, 0.4 μM, 0.5 μM, 0.6 μM, 0.7 μM, 0.8 μM, 0.9 μM, or 1 μM. In various configurations, the final concentration of a probe can be from 0.05 μM to 0.25 μM. In various configurations, the final concentration of a probe can be 0.05 μM, 0.06 μM, 0.07 μM, 0.08 μM, 0.09 μM, 0.1 μM 0.11 μM, 0.12 μM, 0.13 μM, 0.14 μM, 0.15 μM, 0.16 μM, 0.17 μM, 0.18 μM, 0.19 μM, 0.2 μM, 0.21 μM, 0.22 μM, 0.23 μM, 0.24 μM, or 0.25 μM. 
     In some configurations, a PCR protocol can comprise a 2 minute hold at 95° C. followed by 25-50 cycles of 95° C. for 15 seconds (denaturation) and 60° C. for 20 seconds up to 1 minute (for combined annealing and extension). In various configurations, the annealing temperature (combining both annealing and extension) can be 60° C. to 69° C. In various configurations, the annealing temperature can be 60° C., 61° C., 62° C., 63° C., 64° C., 65° C., 66° C., 67° C., 68° C., or 69° C. In various configurations, a PCR analysis can comprise up to 25 cycles, 26 cycles, 27 cycles, 28 cycles, 29 cycles, 30 cycles, 31 cycles, 32 cycles, 33 cycles, 34 cycles, 35 cycles, 36 cycles, 37 cycles, 38 cycles, 39 cycles, 40 cycles, 41 cycles, 42 cycles, 43 cycles, 44 cycles, 45 cycles, 46 cycles, 47 cycles, 48 cycles, 49 cycles, or up to 50 cycles of thermal cycling. In various configurations, a PCR analysis can comprise up to 40 cycles of thermal cycling. 
     For quantitative assays such as those disclosed herein, there are several steps within the procedure that can introduce error. Thus, results from test samples are almost always necessarily to a certain degree, best estimates of the precise true value, and analytical techniques known to those skilled in the art can be applied to account for such errors and assess repeatability and reproducibility. Such measures were employed under various conditions, and established at a level of confidence of approximately 95%, that for embodiments of the Universal LAB assay disclosed herein, the true quantity value is likely to fall within no greater than +/−2.74% of the reported quantity value. Accordingly, using the methods, kits and compositions as disclosed herein in various embodiments, reported quantitative amounts are herein provided which can reproducibly be calculated within at least +/−25%, within +/−20%, within +/−15%, within +/−12%, within +/−10, within +/−9%, within +/−8%, within +/−7%, within +/−6%, within +/−5%, within +/−4%, within +/−3%, and within +/−2.74%, and at higher quantitative percentages of true values, and are considered within the scope of the invention. 
     All publications cited are herein incorporated by reference, each in its entirety. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The present teachings including descriptions provided in the Examples are not intended to limit the scope of any claim or aspect. Unless specifically presented in the past tense, an example can be a prophetic or an actual example. The following non-limiting examples are provided to further illustrate the present teachings. Those of skill in the art, in light of the present disclosure, will appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments that are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit and scope of the present teachings. 
     Example 1: Detection of LAB from a Variety of Sources 
     This example illustrates detection of LAB from a variety of sources using methods of the present teachings. 
     In these experiments, DNA from laboratory, agriculturally and environmentally-related samples (including food- and crop-related) were screened in duplicate using an assay of the present teachings. The sample sources are listed in Table 5. The reaction conditions were as described in Tables 3 and 4. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Samples analyzed by assays of the present teachings. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Ct 
                   
               
               
                 Sample Name 
                 Type 
                 Value* 
                 Result 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Acute Bee Paralysis Virus sDNA in bee 
                 Bee or bee 
                 24.629 
                 Pos 
               
               
                   
                 pathogen 
               
               
                 Barley 
                 Crop 
                 31.842 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 Black Queen Cell Virus sDNA in water 
                 Bee or bee 
                 Und 
                 Neg 
               
               
                   
                 pathogen 
               
               
                 Canola 
                 Crop 
                 34.894 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 
                   Cercospora zea maydis 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 37.165 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 Chickpea 
                 Crop 
                 34.840 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus sDNA 
                 Bee or bee 
                 23.311 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 in bee** 
                 pathogen 
               
               
                   Clavibacter michiganensis  spp. 
                 Pure culture 
                 31.156 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 
                   nebraskensis 
                 
               
               
                 Corn 
                 Crop 
                 34.797 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 Deformed Wing Virus sDNA in 
                 Bee or bee 
                 Und 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 water** 
                 pathogen 
               
               
                 
                   Dekkera bruxellensis 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 37.173 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 
                   Fusarium graminearum 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 36.967 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 
                   Fusarium subglutinans 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 39.073 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 
                   Fusarium verticillioides 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 38.203 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 Honey bee 
                 Bee or bee 
                 23.051 
                 Pos 
               
               
                   
                 pathogen 
               
               
                 Human 
                 Misc. DNA 
                 25.016 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 Israeli Acute Bee Paralysis Virus sDNA 
                 Bee or bee 
                 Und 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 in water** 
                 pathogen 
               
               
                 Kashmir Bee Virus sDNA in bee** 
                 Bee or bee 
                 23.403 
                 Pos 
               
               
                   
                 pathogen 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus acidophilus 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 16.534 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus casei 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 17.962 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus delbrueckii 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 16.885 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus delbrueckii lactis 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 22.608 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus fermentum 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 18.207 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 
                   Lactobacillus rhamnosus 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 19.519 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 Lake Sinai Virus Type 1 and 2 
                 Bee or bee 
                 Und 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 sDNA in water** 
                 pathogen 
               
               
                 Lentil 
                 Crop 
                 33.896 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 
                   Melissococcus plutonius 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 24.190 
               
               
                 
                   Paenibacillus larvae 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 Und 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 Pea 
                 Crop 
                 35.221 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 
                   Phytophthora sojae 
                 
                 Pure culture 
                 24.427 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 Rice 
                 Crop 
                 35.241 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 Salmon sperm DNA 
                 Misc. DNA 
                 Und 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 Slow Bee Paralysis Virus sDNA 
                 Bee or bee 
                 Und 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 in water** 
                 pathogen 
               
               
                 Soil - black dirt 
                 Soil 
                 23.643 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 Soil - clay 
                 Soil 
                 25.804 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 Soil - potting 
                 Soil 
                 25.003 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 Soil - sandy loam 
                 Soil 
                 25.216 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 Soybean 
                 Crop 
                 39.512 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 Spinach 
                 Crop 
                 32.807 
                 Pos 
               
               
                 Sugar beet 
                 Crop 
                 Und 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 Wheat 
                 Crop 
                 38.518 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 White-tailed deer 
                 Misc. DNA 
                 23.730 
                 Pos 
               
               
                   Xanthomonas vasicola  pv. 
                 Pure culture 
                 Und 
                 Neg 
               
               
                 
                   vasculorum 
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *“Und” = Undetermined, indicating that fluorescence signal was below the detection limit of the instrumentation throughout the thermal cycling. 
               
               
                 **Target is sDNA of a pathogenic RNA virus. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For each sample tested (seed, soil, pure culture, etc.), as listed in Table 5, the Ct value and corresponding result are indicated. These data illustrate the ability of the disclosed methods to detect LAB in a variety of sample sources. Since the honey bee itself was found to contain a relatively high level of LAB (Ct of 23.051) most likely from the microflora within the gut, any synthetic DNA (sDNA) sample diluted with the honey bee nucleic acid would be expected to have a similar level of LAB, as opposed to those diluted in molecular water. Furthermore,  Lactobacillus  is known to be a common soil inhabitant and thus was found in all of the soil samples tested. 
     Example 2: The Extraction, Detection and Quantification of  Lactobacillus  DNA from Samples of Corn Mash 
     This example, together with Example 3, illustrates the extraction, detection, and quantification of  Lactobacillus  DNA from industrially-related sources, which can include chemical processing-related, pharmaceutical-processing-related samples, such as fermentation-generated samples, e.g., of corn mash. 
     In these experiments, ethanol production plant samples from a batch fermentation were collected from each step along the production line starting with the water and finishing with the beer wells and the stillage that eventually provide the distillers&#39; dried grains. After collection, samples were stored at 4° C. until they could be shipped to the National Agricultural Genotyping Center at 1605 Albrecht Blvd N Fargo, N. Dak. 58102. Each bulk sample (total of 27 samples as listed in Table 6) was processed using two different methods: a Traditional Sample Prep (TSP) Method, or a Filtering Method of the present teachings. 
     In the TSP method, each sample was mixed to resuspend any sedimented material. Due to the extreme viscosity of the sample material, the tip of a 1 ml pipet tip had to be cut off to allow the thick slurry to be pipetted. A volume of the slurry was transferred to a 2 ml tube. Each sample was centrifuged at low speed to allow large chunks to settle, leaving behind a liquid that could be easily and accurately pipetted. The resultant supernatant was transferred to a new 2 ml tube containing 1 glass bead and homogenized. After homogenization, the tubes were spun briefly to collect liquid before continuing with the Maxwell™ (Promega, Madison, Wis.) 96 gDNA Miniprep extraction procedure. 
     In a filtering method of the present teachings, the entire bulk sample was processed through a set of USA standard testing sieves (obtained from VWR (Radnor, Pa.)) as detailed in the present teachings resulting in an approximate 500 ml or less of filtered corn mash supernatant. A sample of the filtrate supernatant was removed and pelleted by centrifugation. The liquid was removed and the pellet was processed. After homogenization, the tubes were spun briefly to collect droplets before continuing with the Maxwell™ (Promega, Madison, Wis.) 96 gDNA Miniprep extraction. 
     The results for both sample preparation methods are summarized in Table 6. The CFU/ml values were calculated from the Ct values; CFU/ml values for  L. fermentum  were calculated from optical density readings using samples that had been homogenized (Table 6). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Summarized results for samples prepared by the TSP and filtering methods. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Traditional Sample 
                 Filtering 
               
               
                   
                 Prep Method 
                 Method 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Sample Name 
                 Ct Value 
                 LAB CFU/ml 
                 Ct Value 
                 LAB CFU/ml 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Hot H 2 O 
                 31.120 
                 318,473 
                 26.585 
                 2,879,694 
               
               
                 Slurry 
                 32.902 
                 97,273 
                 26.823 
                 2,327,601 
               
               
                 Liquefaction Tank 
                 33.543 
                 61,037 
                 29.519 
                 351,928 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 4 Hour 
                 31.758 
                 211,884 
                 23.070 
                 34,426,540 
               
               
                 Heat Exchanger 1 out 
                 30.399 
                 549,282 
                 23.957 
                 18,666,972 
               
               
                 Heat Exchanger 2 in 
                 32.332 
                 137,671 
                 27.022 
                 2,130,981 
               
               
                 Heat Exchanger 2 out 
                 32.245 
                 145,778 
                 27.433 
                 1,532,017 
               
               
                 Yeast Prop Start T = 0 hour 
                 34.814 
                 25,225 
                 26.723 
                 2,684,560 
               
               
                 Yeast Prop Drop T = 8.5 hour 
                 34.620 
                 57,268 
                 24.708 
                 11,188,297 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 0 Hour 
                 35.508 
                 16,230 
                 27.025 
                 2,140,711 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 2 Hour 
                 33.600 
                 59,758 
                 26.109 
                 3,952,171 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 4 Hour 
                 38.505 
                 1,922 
                 25.788 
                 4,947,406 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 6 Hour 
                 33.079 
                 80,325 
                 25.308 
                 7,175,860 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 8 Hour 
                 31.911 
                 185,173 
                 25.094 
                 8,173,550 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 10 Hour 
                 32.514 
                 122,437 
                 24.821 
                 10,023,610 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 12 Hour 
                 33.937 
                 45,405 
                 24.915 
                 9,275,953 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 14 Hour 
                 32.136 
                 156,097 
                 24.993 
                 9,194,936 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 16 Hour 
                 32.932 
                 95,546 
                 25.138 
                 7,894,178 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 18 Hour 
                 32.682 
                 109,491 
                 25.129 
                 8,330,031 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 20 Hour 
                 32.284 
                 138,780 
                 25.277 
                 7,466,743 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 22 Hour 
                 32.453 
                 130,582 
                 25.045 
                 8,870,269 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - 24 Hour 
                 32.300 
                 138,003 
                 24.618 
                 11,899,099 
               
               
                 Fermentation Tank - Drop (53 hour) 
                 31.956 
                 181,752 
                 24.880 
                 10,179,281 
               
               
                 Beer Well 1 
                 31.967 
                 181,468 
                 24.167 
                 16,128,984 
               
               
                 Beer Well 2 
                 31.190 
                 301,330 
                 25.398 
                 6,968,052 
               
               
                 Whole Stillage 
                 38.409 
                 2,330 
                 34.106 
                 16,636 
               
               
                 Thin Stillage 
                 34.301 
                 35,710 
                 29.135 
                 495,358 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In samples prepared by a filtering method of the present teachings, significant increases of sensitivity in the detection of  Lactobacillus  in corn mash samples were observed through the fermentation process, compared to samples prepared by the TSP method. The increased detection sensitivity of a sample prepared by a filtering method compared to the TSP method could be observed, for example, in samples obtained at time points considered crucial testing periods (Fermentation Tank Samples T=0 through T=18 hour), e.g., at time intervals during which antibiotics can be added to control lactic acid bacterial growth that would otherwise reduce ethanol production. Based on the differences in Ct values,  Lactobacillus  detection in the samples prepared by a filtering method of the present teachings compared to a TSP method had at least a 10-fold increase in sensitivity (Ct value difference of 4.024 as seen for Liquefaction Tank), with up to over a 1000-fold increase in sensitivity (Ct value difference of 12.717 as seen for Fermentation Tank—4 Hour). 
     Example 3: The Extraction, Detection and Quantification of  Lactobacillus  DNA from Samples of Corn Mash with Comparison of Data to Corresponding Acid Levels 
     This example illustrates the extraction, detection and quantification of  Lactobacillus  DNA from samples of corn mash. This example also compares the quantification data as reported by the LAB PCR assay to the resulting lactic and acetic acid production across a 60 hour fermentation. 
     The fermentation was inoculated using six  Lactobacillus  cultures, each having a concentration of 10 3  CFU/ml. The liquefaction pH was not adjusted, having an approximate pH of 5.1. Once again the reagent concentrations in the yeast prop and fermentation protocols were tweaked to closer resemble an actual fermentation batch.  Lactobacillus  CFU/ml quantities along with correlating lactic and acetic acid production was collected from 28 time points over the length of the fermentation (60 hours). 
     At the specified time points, mash was transferred from the fermentation flask using the port located at the bottom of the flask into a pre-assembled syringe filter. After collection, samples were filtered through the syringe into a tube according to the present teachings. Subsequent DNA extraction was performed using the newly developed extraction procedure as detailed in the present teachings. DNA extracts were assayed for the presence of  Lactobacillus  using the LAB PCR assay as detailed within the present teachings. Ct values were extrapolated into quantities based on the LAB RP  L _ fermentum _032318_1RT and LAB CLX All 6 Lacto_081618_5RT standard curves. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 4 , in a graph showing bacterial and acid profiles, a 2-3 order of magnitude increase was seen in the lactic acid bacterial levels  101  over the course of the first 25 hours. Line  103  refers to the lactic acid concentration, while line  105  depicts the acetic acid concentration. The dashed lines in the graph indicate the lactic acid threshold  107  and acetic acid threshold  109  that the industry considers undue stress to the yeast. 
     The graph depicted in  FIG. 4 , shows the first 25 hours of the fermentation process. In the ethanol industry, it is generally recommended to control any infections by the time the fermentation reaches 12-16 hours, as indicated by the box  111 .  FIG. 4  illustrates the bacteria levels  101  are increasing by hour two of the fermentation, whereas the traditional monitoring of lactic and acidic acids,  103  and  105 , do not cross the industry thresholds  107  and  109  until the eleventh hour of the fermentation process. 
     The LAB assay is thus demonstrated to be able to detect the  Lactobacillus  bacteria within the mash samples and track the increase in bacterial cells across hourly time points. Accordingly, a method to quantitate LAB bacterial loads is herein provided when other indicators (i.e. lactic and acetic acid levels) are fundamentally non-existent.