Patent Publication Number: US-2023153644-A1

Title: Machine learning enabled supplier data association

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The subject matter described herein relates generally to machine learning and more specifically to a machine learning enabled technique for generating association rules for supplier data. 
     BACKGROUND 
     An enterprise may rely on a suite of enterprise software applications for sourcing, procurement, supply chain management, invoicing, and payment. These enterprise software applications may provide a variety of data processing functionalities including, for example, billing, invoicing, procurement, payroll, time and attendance management, recruiting and onboarding, learning and development, performance and compensation, workforce planning, and/or the like. Data associated with multiple enterprise software applications may be stored in a common database in order to enable a seamless integration between different enterprise software applications. For example, an enterprise resource planning (ERP) application may track resources, such as cash, raw materials, and production capacity, and the status of various commitments such as purchase order and payroll. In the event the enterprise interacts with large and evolving roster of external vendors, the enterprise resource planning (ERP) application may be integrated with a supplier lifecycle management (SLM) application configured to perform one or more of supplier identification, selection and segmentation, onboarding, performance management, information management, risk management, relationship management, and offboarding. 
     SUMMARY 
     Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture, including computer program products, are provided for machine learning enabled data association. In some example embodiments, there is provided a system that includes at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may include program code that provides operations when executed by the at least one processor. The operations may include: receiving a user input specifying one or more attributes; in response to the receiving the user input, applying a machine learning model to identify, within a supplier data stored in a database, one or more frequent itemsets containing the one or more attributes; identifying, based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets, a supplier having the one or more attributes; and generating a recommendation including the supplier having the one or more attributes. 
     In some variations, one or more features disclosed herein including the following features can optionally be included in any feasible combination. The machine learning model may include a frequent pattern (FP) growth tree. 
     In some variations, the operations may further include: generating, based at least on the supplier data, a head table that includes, for each item of a plurality of items included in the supplier data, a total support corresponding to a quantity of transactions including the item; and generating, based at least on the head table, the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree. 
     In some variations, the frequent pattern growth tree may be generated through a single pass of the supplier data included in the database. 
     In some variations, the generating of the frequent pattern growth tree may include inserting, for a first transaction included in the supplier data, a first node for a first item included in the transaction and a second node for a second item included in the transaction. The first node may be inserted before the second node based at least on the first item having a higher total support than the second item. 
     In some variations, the first node may be connected to a root node of the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree. A third node corresponding to the second item may be connected to the root node of the frequent pattern growth tree in order to insert a second transaction included in the supplier data in which the second item has a highest total support. 
     In some variations, the operations may further include: generating, based at least on the frequent pattern growth tree, a conditional pattern base tree including, for each item of the plurality of items included in the supplier data, a conditional pattern base including one or more items in each path to reach a node corresponding to the item in the frequent pattern growth tree; and identifying, based at least on the conditional pattern base tree, the one or more frequent itemsets. 
     In some variations, the conditional pattern base tree may exclude one or more items that do not satisfy a support threshold by appearing in a threshold quantity of paths. 
     In some variations, the one or more frequent itemsets may be identified based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets satisfying a support threshold corresponding to a ratio between a first quantity of transactions included the supplier data and a second quantity of transactions containing the supplier. 
     In some variations, the one or more frequent itemsets may be identified based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets satisfying a confidence threshold corresponding to a ratio between a first quantity of transactions in the supplier data containing the one or more attributes and a second quantity of transactions in the supplier data containing the supplier along with the one or more attributes. 
     In some variations, the user input may further specify a confidence threshold and/or a support threshold. 
     In some variations, the supplier data may include a plurality of contracts and/or sourcing events. 
     In another aspect, there is provided a method for machine learning enabled data association. The method may include: receiving a user input specifying one or more attributes; in response to the receiving the user input, applying a machine learning model to identify, within a supplier data stored in a database, one or more frequent itemsets containing the one or more attributes; identifying, based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets, a supplier having the one or more attributes; and generating a recommendation including the supplier having the one or more attributes. 
     In some variations, one or more features disclosed herein including the following features can optionally be included in any feasible combination. The machine learning model may include a frequent pattern (FP) growth tree. 
     In some variations, the method may further include: generating, based at least on the supplier data, a head table that includes, for each item of a plurality of items included in the supplier data, a total support corresponding to a quantity of transactions including the item; and generating, based at least on the head table, the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree, the frequent pattern growth tree being generated through a single pass of the supplier data included in the database. 
     In some variations, the generating of the frequent pattern growth tree may includes inserting, for a first transaction included in the supplier data, a first node for a first item included in the transaction and a second node for a second item included in the transaction. The first node may be inserted before the second node based at least on the first item having a higher total support than the second item. The first node may be connected to a root node of the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree. A third node corresponding to the second item may be connected to the root node of the frequent pattern growth tree in order to insert a second transaction included in the supplier data in which the second item has a highest total support. 
     In some variations, the method may further include: generating, based at least on the frequent pattern growth tree, a conditional pattern base tree including, for each item of the plurality of items included in the supplier data, a conditional pattern base including one or more items in each path to reach a node corresponding to the item in the frequent pattern growth tree; and identifying, based at least on the conditional pattern base tree, the one or more frequent itemsets. 
     In some variations, the one or more frequent itemsets may be identified based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets satisfying a support threshold corresponding to a ratio between a first quantity of transactions included the supplier data and a second quantity of transactions containing the supplier. 
     In some variations, the one or more frequent itemsets may be identified based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets satisfying a confidence threshold corresponding to a ratio between a first quantity of transactions in the supplier data containing the one or more attributes and a second quantity of transactions in the supplier data containing the supplier along with the one or more attributes. 
     In another aspect, there is provided a computer program product including a non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions. The instructions may cause operations may executed by at least one data processor. The operations may include: receiving a user input specifying one or more attributes; in response to the receiving the user input, applying a machine learning model to identify, within a supplier data stored in a database, one or more frequent itemsets containing the one or more attributes; identifying, based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets, a supplier having the one or more attributes; and generating a recommendation including the supplier having the one or more attributes. 
     Implementations of the current subject matter can include methods consistent with the descriptions provided herein as well as articles that comprise a tangibly embodied machine-readable medium operable to cause one or more machines (e.g., computers, etc.) to result in operations implementing one or more of the described features. Similarly, computer systems are also described that may include one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors. A memory, which can include a non-transitory computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium, may include, encode, store, or the like one or more programs that cause one or more processors to perform one or more of the operations described herein. Computer implemented methods consistent with one or more implementations of the current subject matter can be implemented by one or more data processors residing in a single computing system or multiple computing systems. Such multiple computing systems can be connected and can exchange data and/or commands or other instructions or the like via one or more connections, including a connection over a network (e.g. the Internet, a wireless wide area network, a local area network, a wide area network, a wired network, or the like), via a direct connection between one or more of the multiple computing systems, etc. 
     The details of one or more variations of the subject matter described herein are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. While certain features of the currently disclosed subject matter are described for illustrative purposes, it should be readily understood that such features are not intended to be limiting. The claims that follow this disclosure are intended to define the scope of the protected subject matter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, show certain aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein and, together with the description, help explain some of the principles associated with the disclosed implementations. In the drawings, 
         FIG.  1    depicts a system diagram illustrating an example of a procurement system, in accordance with some example embodiments; 
         FIG.  2 A  depicts an example of supplier data, in accordance with some example embodiments; 
         FIG.  2 B  depicts an example of a condition pattern base tree, in accordance with some example embodiments; 
         FIG.  3    depicts an example of a user interface, in accordance with some example embodiments; 
         FIG.  4    depicts a flowchart illustrating an example of a process for machine learning enabled data association, in accordance with some example embodiments; 
         FIG.  5    depicts a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system, in accordance with some example embodiments; and 
     
    
    
     When practical, similar reference numbers denote similar structures, features, or elements. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Enterprise software applications may provide a variety of procurement and supply chain management solutions including enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supplier lifecycle management (SLM). For example, as a part of creating a contract with a supplier, corresponding supplier data may be added to a contract workspace. Alternatively and/or additionally, supplier data may collected when one or more suppliers are invited to participate in a sourcing event. Supplier data may include various attributes associated with a supplier including, for example, one or more commodities that the supplier can provide, one or more regions where the supplier can provide the commodities, and one or more departments to which the supplier can supply the commodities. However, conventional enterprise procurement applications are unable to leverage the abundance of supplier data collected from numerous contract workspaces and sourcing events. Instead, conventional enterprise procurement applications merely support supplier selection through the application of filter conditions such as region, commodity, department, and/or the like. As such, new contracts and sourcing events are created without mining the existing contracts and sourcing events for intelligence identifying the best qualified suppliers. 
     In some example embodiments, a procurement engine may be configured to data mine a database including supplier data associated with various contracts and sourcing events. For example, the procurement engine may apply a machine learning model to generate one or more association rules linking suppliers and various attributes such as commodity, region, department, and/or the like. The machine learning model may be a frequent pattern (FP) growth tree configured to identify, through a single scan of the supplier data associated with various contracts and sourcing events, frequent itemsets including suppliers that co-occur at an above-threshold frequency with various attributes such as commodity, region, department, and/or the like. One or more association rules may be generated by at least mining, from a corresponding conditional frequent pattern (FP) tree, one or more itemsets satisfying a support threshold and/or a confidence threshold. In response to a user input specifying one or more attributes, the procurement engine may apply the one or more association rules to identify a supplier having the one or more specified attributes. 
       FIG.  1    depicts a system diagram illustrating an example of a procurement system  100 , in accordance with some example embodiments. Referring to  FIG.  1   , the procurement system  100  may include a procurement engine  110 , a database  120 , and a client device  130 . The procurement engine  110 , the database  120 , and the client device  130  may be communicatively coupled via a network  140 . The client device  130  may be a processor-based device including, for example, a smartphone, a tablet computer, a wearable apparatus, a virtual assistant, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) appliance, and/or the like. The database  120  may be a relational database, a non-structured query language (NoSQL) database, an in-memory database, a graph database, a key-value store, a document store, and/or the like. The network  140  may be a wired network and/or a wireless network including, for example, a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), a virtual local area network (VLAN), a public land mobile network (PLMN), the Internet, and/or the like. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  1   , the database  120  may store a supplier data  125 , which may be associated with numerous contracts and/or sourcing events. For example, the supplier data  125  may be collected as a part of creating a contract with a supplier and/or inviting a supplier to participate in a sourcing event. The supplier data  125  may include, for each supplier, various attributes such as one or more commodities that the supplier can provide, one or more regions where the supplier can provide the commodities, and one or more departments to which the supplier can supply the commodities. In some example embodiments, the procurement engine  110  may perform association rule learning in order to identify one or more relationships present within the supplier data  125  stored in the database  120 . As used herein, an association rule may be an implication in the form X⇒Y, wherein X is an antecedent and Y is a consequence. It should be appreciated that the antecedent X and the consequence Y may each be a subset of I (e.g., X⊆I and Y⊆I) and φ may denote the intersection between the antecedent X and the consequence Y (e.g., X∩Y=φ). An association rule X⇒Y may have a support s in the transaction set T if an s-quantity (e.g., an s percentage) of transactions in the transaction set T contains the union between the antecedent X and the consequence Y (e.g., support(X⇒Y)=P(X∪Y)). Moreover, the association rule X⇒Y holds in the transaction set T with a confidence c if a c-quantity (e.g., a c percentage) of transactions in the transaction set T containing the antecedent X also contains the consequence Y (e.g., confidence(X⇒Y)=P (Y|X)). 
     In some example embodiments, the procurement engine  110  may receive, from the client device  130 , a user input specifying one or more attributes including, for example, a commodity, a region, a department, and/or the like. The procurement engine  110  may respond to the user input by applying one or more association rules to identify a supplier having the one or more specified attributes. In order to generate the one or more association rules, the procurement engine  110  may apply a machine learning model  115 . For example, the machine learning model  115  may be a frequent pattern (FP) growth tree configured to identify, through a single scan of the supplier data  125  stored in the database  120 , frequent itemsets including suppliers that co-occur at an above-threshold frequency with various attributes such as commodity, region, department, and/or the like. Moreover, the procurement engine  110  may mine the one or more association rules from a corresponding conditional frequent pattern (FP) tree. For instance, the one or more association rules may correspond to frequent itemsets satisfying one or more of a support threshold and/or a confidence threshold. 
       FIG.  2 A  depicts an example of the supplier data  125  stored in the database  120 . As shown in  FIG.  2 A , the supplier data  125  may include one or more transactions (e.g., transactions T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , . . . , T 9 ), each of which corresponding to a contract or a sourcing event. Moreover, as shown in  FIG.  2 A , each transaction may be associated with one or more items (e.g., items A, B, C, D, E) corresponding to a supplier and one or more attributes such as a commodity, a region, and/or a department. In the example of the supplier data  125  shown in  FIG.  2 A , for example, transaction T 8  may correspond to a contract or a sourcing event in which a supplier A provides a commodity B in a region C for a department E. 
       FIG.  2 B  depicts an example of a frequent pattern (FP) growth tree  200  constructed by the procurement engine  110  based on the example of the supplier data  125  shown in  FIG.  2 A . As shown in  FIG.  2 B , the procurement engine  110  may first construct a head table  250  that includes, for each item included in the supplier data  125  (e.g., items A, B, C, D, E), a total support corresponding to the quantity of transactions including the item. For example, the head table  250  shows that item A has a total support of six because item A appears in six transactions in the supplier data  125  (e.g., transactions T 1 , T 4 , T 5 , T 7 , T 8 , and T 9 ). 
     The procurement engine  110  may generate, based on each transaction included in the supplier data  125  and the total support for each item included in the head table  250 , the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree  200 . For example, for the first transaction T 1  included in the supplier data  125 , the procurement engine  110  may add a node corresponding to each of the items A, B, and E included in the first transaction T 1  in an order determined by the total support for each item. Accordingly, a first node corresponding to item B may be added to the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree before a second node corresponding to item A based at least on item B having a higher total support than item A. The first node corresponding to item B may be connected to a null root node of the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree  200  while the second node corresponding to item A is connected to the first node. Contrastingly, for the fifth transaction T 5 , the procurement engine  110  may insert item A first because item A has the highest total support in the fifth transaction T 5 . Moreover, the procurement engine  110  may insert an additional node corresponding to item A because the existing node corresponding to item A is not immediately reachable from the root node of the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree  200 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  2 B , each node in the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree may be associated with a count, which may be incremented each time a corresponding node is included in a transaction inserted into the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree. For example, the count associated with the first node corresponding to item B, the second node corresponding to item A, and a third node corresponding to item E may be incremented based on the addition of the corresponding first transaction T 1 . Meanwhile, to insert the second transaction T 2  included in the supplier data  125 , the procurement engine  110  may increment the count associated with the first node corresponding to item B before connecting the first node to a fourth node corresponding to item D. 
     In some example embodiments, the procurement engine  110  may generate, based at least on the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree  200 , a corresponding conditional pattern base tree including one or more conditional pattern bases for each item included in the supplier data  125  (e.g., items A, B, C, D, E). For example, the conditional pattern base for item E (e.g., {{B, A: 1}, {B, A, C: 1}} may correspond to the two possible paths from the root node of the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree  200  to the node corresponding to item E. The corresponding conditional frequent pattern (FP) tree for item E (e.g.,  A: 2, B: 2 ) may include the items that satisfy a support threshold (e.g., items A and B) but exclude those that do not (e.g., item C). This minimum support threshold may be defined based on one or more user inputs received, for example, from the client device  130 . 
     The procurement engine  110  may determine, based at least on the conditional frequent pattern (FP) tree, one or more itemsets in which item E co-occurs with one or both of items A and B. For example, these itemsets may correspond to contracts or sourcing events that involve the department E along with the supplier A and/or the commodity B. The association rules mined from the conditional frequent pattern (FP) tree may corresponding to those itemsets satisfying a support threshold and/or a confidence threshold defined, for example, by one or more user inputs received from the client device  130 . For instance, the support threshold may impose a first minimum threshold on a first ratio between a first quantity of transactions included the supplier data  125  and a second quantity of transactions containing item E. Meanwhile, the confidence threshold may impose a second minimum threshold on a second ratio between a first quantity of transactions in the supplier data  125  containing items A and/or B and a second quantity of transactions in the supplier data  125  containing item E along with items A and/or B. 
     In some example embodiments, the procurement engine  110  may receive, from the client device  130 , a user input specifying one or more attributes such as a commodity, a region, and/or a department.  FIG.  3    depicts an example of a user interface  135 , which may be displayed at the client device  130  to receive the user input specifying the one or more attributes. The procurement engine  110  may respond to the user input by applying the one or more association rules to identify a supplier having the one or more attributes. For example, the user input may specify the commodity B and/or the department E, in which case the procurement engine  110  may apply the one or more association rules to identify supplier A as suitable for providing the commodity B to the department E. In the example of the user interface  135  shown in  FIG.  3   , the procurement engine  110  may update the user interface  135  to display supplier A in response to the user input specifying the commodity B and/or the department E. 
       FIG.  4    depicts a flowchart illustrating an example of a process  400  for machine learning enabled data association, in accordance with some example embodiments. Referring to  FIGS.  1 - 4   , the process  400  may be performed by the procurement engine  110  in order to identify, for example, a supplier having one or more specified attributes such as a commodity, a region, a department, and/or the like. 
     At  402 , the procurement engine  110  may receive a user input specifying one or more attributes. In some example embodiments, the procurement engine  110  may receive, from the client device  130 , a user input specifying a commodity, a region, and/or a department. For example, the procurement engine  110  may receive, from the client device  130 , a user input specifying the commodity B and/or the department E. 
     At  404 , the procurement engine  110  may respond to receiving the user input by applying a machine learning model to identify, within supplier data stored in a database, one or more frequent itemsets containing the one or more attributes. In some example embodiments, the procurement engine  110  may apply, to the supplier data  125  stored in the database  120 , the machine learning model  115 , which may be a frequent pattern (FP) growth tree configured to identify, through a single scan of the supplier data  125  stored in the database  120 , frequent itemsets including suppliers that co-occur at an above-threshold frequency with various attributes such as commodity, region, department, and/or the like. The procurement engine  110  may mine the one or more association rules from a corresponding conditional frequent pattern (FP) tree. For instance, the one or more association rules may correspond to frequent itemsets satisfying a support threshold that imposes a first minimum threshold on a first ratio between a first quantity of transactions included the supplier data  125  and a second quantity of transactions containing the specified attributes. Alternatively and/or additionally, the one or more association rules may correspond to frequent itemsets satisfying a confidence threshold imposing a second minimum threshold on a second ratio between a first quantity of transactions in the supplier data  125  containing the specified attributes and a second quantity of transactions in the supplier data  125  containing each candidate supplier along with the specified attributes. 
     In the example in which the specified attributes include the commodity B and/or the department E, the support threshold for an association rule may impose a first minimum threshold on a first ratio between a first quantity of transactions included the supplier data  125  and a second quantity of transactions containing item E. Meanwhile, the confidence threshold may impose a second minimum threshold on a second ratio between a first quantity of transactions in the supplier data  125  containing items A and/or B and a second quantity of transactions in the supplier data  125  containing item E along with items A and/or B. 
     At  406 , the procurement engine  110  may identify, based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets, a supplier having the one or more attributes. In some example embodiments, the procurement engine  110  may apply the one or more association rules mined from the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree to identify one or more suppliers that satisfy the attributes specified in the user input received from the client device  130 . For example, the procurement engine  110  may apply the one or more association rules to identify supplier A as suitable for providing the commodity B to the department E. 
     At  408 , the procurement engine  110  may generate a recommendation including the supplier having the one or more attributes. For example, the procurement engine  110  may generate the recommendation including the supplier having the one or more attributes by at least updating the user interface  135  displayed at the client device  130  to include the supplier. In the example of the user interface  135  shown in  FIG.  3   , for instance, the procurement engine  110  may update the user interface  135  to display supplier A in response to the user input specifying the commodity B and/or the department E. 
     In view of the above-described implementations of subject matter this application discloses the following list of examples, wherein one feature of an example in isolation or more than one feature of said example taken in combination and, optionally, in combination with one or more features of one or more further examples are further examples also falling within the disclosure of this application: 
     Example 1: A system, comprising: at least one data processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one data processor, result in operations comprising: receiving a user input specifying one or more attributes; in response to the receiving the user input, applying a machine learning model to identify, within a supplier data stored in a database, one or more frequent itemsets containing the one or more attributes; identifying, based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets, a supplier having the one or more attributes; and generating a recommendation including the supplier having the one or more attributes. 
     Example 2: The system of example 1, wherein the machine learning model comprises a frequent pattern (FP) growth tree. 
     Example 3: The system of example 2, wherein the operations further comprise: generating, based at least on the supplier data, a head table that includes, for each item of a plurality of items included in the supplier data, a total support corresponding to a quantity of transactions including the item; and generating, based at least on the head table, the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree. 
     Example 4: The system of example 3, wherein the frequent pattern growth tree is generated through a single pass of the supplier data included in the database. 
     Example 5: The system of any one of examples 3 to 4, wherein the generating of the frequent pattern growth tree includes inserting, for a first transaction included in the supplier data, a first node for a first item included in the transaction and a second node for a second item included in the transaction, and wherein the first node is inserted before the second node based at least on the first item having a higher total support than the second item. 
     Example 6: The system of example 5, wherein the first node is connected to a root node of the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree, and wherein a third node corresponding to the second item is connected to the root node of the frequent pattern growth tree in order to insert a second transaction included in the supplier data in which the second item has a highest total support. 
     Example 7: The system of any one of examples 3 to 6, wherein the operations further comprise: generating, based at least on the frequent pattern growth tree, a conditional pattern base tree including, for each item of the plurality of items included in the supplier data, a conditional pattern base including one or more items in each path to reach a node corresponding to the item in the frequent pattern growth tree; and identifying, based at least on the conditional pattern base tree, the one or more frequent itemsets. 
     Example 8: The system of example 7, wherein the conditional pattern base tree excludes one or more items that do not satisfy a support threshold by appearing in a threshold quantity of paths. 
     Example 9: The system of any one of examples 7 to 8, wherein the one or more frequent itemsets are identified based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets satisfying a support threshold corresponding to a ratio between a first quantity of transactions included the supplier data and a second quantity of transactions containing the supplier. 
     Example 10: The system of any one of examples 7 to 9, wherein the one or more frequent itemsets are identified based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets satisfying a confidence threshold corresponding to a ratio between a first quantity of transactions in the supplier data containing the one or more attributes and a second quantity of transactions in the supplier data containing the supplier along with the one or more attributes. 
     Example 11: The system of any one of examples 1 to 10, wherein the user input further specifies a confidence threshold and/or a support threshold. 
     Example 12: The system of any one of examples 1 to 11, wherein the supplier data includes a plurality of contracts and/or sourcing events. 
     Example 13: A computer-implemented method, comprising: receiving a user input specifying one or more attributes; in response to the receiving the user input, applying a machine learning model to identify, within a supplier data stored in a database, one or more frequent itemsets containing the one or more attributes; identifying, based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets, a supplier having the one or more attributes; and generating a recommendation including the supplier having the one or more attributes. 
     Example 14: The method of example 13, wherein the machine learning model comprises a frequent pattern (FP) growth tree. 
     Example 15: The method of example 14, further comprising: generating, based at least on the supplier data, a head table that includes, for each item of a plurality of items included in the supplier data, a total support corresponding to a quantity of transactions including the item; and generating, based at least on the head table, the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree, the frequent pattern growth tree being generated through a single pass of the supplier data included in the database. 
     Example 16: The method of example 15, wherein the generating of the frequent pattern growth tree includes inserting, for a first transaction included in the supplier data, a first node for a first item included in the transaction and a second node for a second item included in the transaction, wherein the first node is inserted before the second node based at least on the first item having a higher total support than the second item, wherein the first node is connected to a root node of the frequent pattern (FP) growth tree, and wherein a third node corresponding to the second item is connected to the root node of the frequent pattern growth tree in order to insert a second transaction included in the supplier data in which the second item has a highest total support. 
     Example 17: The method of any one of examples 15 to 16, further comprising: generating, based at least on the frequent pattern growth tree, a conditional pattern base tree including, for each item of the plurality of items included in the supplier data, a conditional pattern base including one or more items in each path to reach a node corresponding to the item in the frequent pattern growth tree; and identifying, based at least on the conditional pattern base tree, the one or more frequent itemsets. 
     Example 18: The method of example 17, wherein the one or more frequent itemsets are identified based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets satisfying a support threshold corresponding to a ratio between a first quantity of transactions included the supplier data and a second quantity of transactions containing the supplier. 
     Example 19: The method of any one of examples 17 to 18, wherein the one or more frequent itemsets are identified based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets satisfying a confidence threshold corresponding to a ratio between a first quantity of transactions in the supplier data containing the one or more attributes and a second quantity of transactions in the supplier data containing the supplier along with the one or more attributes. 
     Example 20: A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, which when executed by at least one data processor, result in operations comprising: receiving a user input specifying one or more attributes; in response to the receiving the user input, applying a machine learning model to identify, within a supplier data stored in a database, one or more frequent itemsets containing the one or more attributes; identifying, based at least on the one or more frequent itemsets, a supplier having the one or more attributes; and generating a recommendation including the supplier having the one or more attributes. 
       FIG.  5    depicts a block diagram illustrating a computing system  500 , in accordance with some example embodiments. Referring to  FIGS.  1 - 5   , the computing system  500  can be used to implement the procurement engine  110  and/or any components therein. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the computing system  500  can include a processor  510 , a memory  520 , a storage device  530 , and an input/output device  540 . The processor  510 , the memory  520 , the storage device  530 , and the input/output device  540  can be interconnected via a system bus  550 . The processor  510  is capable of processing instructions for execution within the computing system  500 . Such executed instructions can implement one or more components of, for example, the procurement engine  110 . In some implementations of the current subject matter, the processor  510  can be a single-threaded processor. Alternately, the processor  510  can be a multi-threaded processor. The processor  510  is capable of processing instructions stored in the memory  520  and/or on the storage device  530  to display graphical information for a user interface provided via the input/output device  540 . 
     The memory  520  is a computer readable medium such as volatile or non-volatile that stores information within the computing system  500 . The memory  520  can store data structures representing configuration object databases, for example. The storage device  530  is capable of providing persistent storage for the computing system  500 . The storage device  530  can be a floppy disk device, a hard disk device, an optical disk device, or a tape device, or other suitable persistent storage means. The input/output device  540  provides input/output operations for the computing system  500 . In some implementations of the current subject matter, the input/output device  540  includes a keyboard and/or pointing device. In various implementations, the input/output device  540  includes a display unit for displaying graphical user interfaces. 
     According to some implementations of the current subject matter, the input/output device  540  can provide input/output operations for a network device. For example, the input/output device  540  can include Ethernet ports or other networking ports to communicate with one or more wired and/or wireless networks (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet). 
     In some implementations of the current subject matter, the computing system  500  can be used to execute various interactive computer software applications that can be used for organization, analysis and/or storage of data in various (e.g., tabular) format (e.g., Microsoft Excel®, and/or any other type of software). Alternatively, the computing system  500  can be used to execute any type of software applications. These applications can be used to perform various functionalities, e.g., planning functionalities (e.g., generating, managing, editing of spreadsheet documents, word processing documents, and/or any other objects, etc.), computing functionalities, communications functionalities, etc. The applications can include various add-in functionalities or can be standalone computing products and/or functionalities. Upon activation within the applications, the functionalities can be used to generate the user interface provided via the input/output device  540 . The user interface can be generated and presented to a user by the computing system  500  (e.g., on a computer screen monitor, etc.). 
     One or more aspects or features of the subject matter described herein can be realized in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, specially designed ASICs, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various aspects or features can include implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which can be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. The programmable system or computing system may include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. 
     These computer programs, which can also be referred to as programs, software, software applications, applications, components, or code, include machine instructions for a programmable processor, and can be implemented in a high-level procedural and/or object-oriented programming language, and/or in assembly/machine language. As used herein, the term “machine-readable medium” refers to any computer program product, apparatus and/or device, such as for example magnetic discs, optical disks, memory, and Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor, including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal. The term “machine-readable signal” refers to any signal used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor. The machine-readable medium can store such machine instructions non-transitorily, such as for example as would a non-transient solid-state memory or a magnetic hard drive or any equivalent storage medium. The machine-readable medium can alternatively or additionally store such machine instructions in a transient manner, such as for example, as would a processor cache or other random access memory associated with one or more physical processor cores. 
     To provide for interaction with a user, one or more aspects or features of the subject matter described herein can be implemented on a computer having a display device, such as for example a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a light emitting diode (LED) monitor for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, such as for example a mouse or a trackball, by which the user may provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well. For example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, such as for example visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. Other possible input devices include touch screens or other touch-sensitive devices such as single or multi-point resistive or capacitive track pads, voice recognition hardware and software, optical scanners, optical pointers, digital image capture devices and associated interpretation software, and the like. 
     The subject matter described herein can be embodied in systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles depending on the desired configuration. The implementations set forth in the foregoing description do not represent all implementations consistent with the subject matter described herein. Instead, they are merely some examples consistent with aspects related to the described subject matter. Although a few variations have been described in detail above, other modifications or additions are possible. In particular, further features and/or variations can be provided in addition to those set forth herein. For example, the implementations described above can be directed to various combinations and subcombinations of the disclosed features and/or combinations and subcombinations of several further features disclosed above. In addition, the logic flows depicted in the accompanying figures and/or described herein do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. For example, the logic flows may include different and/or additional operations than shown without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. One or more operations of the logic flows may be repeated and/or omitted without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other implementations may be within the scope of the following claims.