Patent Publication Number: US-7900408-B2

Title: Storm panel for protecting windows and doors during high winds

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a storm panel to protect property against damage caused by high winds and impact from associated flying objects and debris that result from a hurricane or other occurrence. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Various devices and materials have been proposed for the protection of building openings (such as windows, doors, and sliding glass doors) from the effects of high winds and flying objects associated with a hurricane or similar event. Some have even been utilized. In the simplest and most often utilized form, sheets of plywood have been nailed, screwed, or otherwise attached to a building as a covering for windows and doors. The user needs to acquire and cut plywood sheets to the proper dimensions to cover the openings and to install them. Because of their appearance, bulkiness and weight, plywood covers are typically installed only when a hurricane or similar incident is imminent. During the hurricane or other storm, the plywood prevents any light from entering into the building and electricity frequently gets interrupted during hurricanes. As a result, the covered windows and doors produce a cave-like effect that is uncomfortable and inconvenient to the building occupants. After the threat of damage has passed, the plywood sheets must be removed by hand. The securing system (nails, etc.) may cause damage to the building structure. 
     Another protective system is a plurality of corrugated steel, aluminum or other metal panels. These panels usually have holes provided in several locations along their periphery and are adapted to be positioned on anchor screws that have been secured to the building around the opening to be protected. Wing nuts are typically used to secure the metal panels to the screws and the panels are held in place by a combination of the screw-wing nut assembly and rails that at least partially surround the windows and doors. Like plywood, these panels are usually very heavy. They also need to be installed before a hurricane event and removed afterwards. Also, like the plywood system, these metal panels or “shutters” block out most of the outside light when they are installed in place. In addition, they must be stored in a place which prevents the panels from being readily obtained when needed. Thus, the metal shutters provide an unsightly and inconvenient, although effective, protection against the effects of a hurricane. 
     One system that provides light into a building while providing protection against hurricanes, uses heavy plastic, translucent, corrugated sheets, such as those formed of polycarbonate. These sheets are typically installed in a manner similar to the metal panels. They are also unsightly, heavy and cumbersome to install, must be removed, and require significant storage space. Combinations of metal and plastic panels have also been suggested in U.S. Pat. No. 6,615,555. 
     Another type of protective device is a flexible metal shutter that is formed from interconnected metal slats. These shutters may be manually or electrically operated and are permanent attachments to the building. They are adapted to be rolled up or opened laterally in an accordion-like manner. Although the structures offer acceptable protection, they likewise prevent very little light to penetrate when they are in their protective position. These systems also tend to be the most expensive. Since they are permanently installed they can detract from the aesthetics of the home. 
     Still another protective system is a coated fabric made from a plastic coated polyester material. The coated fabric is typically very thick to provide protection against wind and flying object damage. The fabric is also provided with grommets along its periphery. The coated polyester fabric is secured to the building usually with anchor screws that are attached to the building with wing nut fasteners. These fabrics are heavy and difficult to install, and are relatively bulky to store. They do not allow sufficient light to enter the building, after they are installed their strength and ability to protect are questionable and do not meet new codes, and they must be removed and stored when not in use. 
     Other fabric protective systems are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,176,050; 6,263,949; 6,341,455; 6,851,464, and 6,886,300, as well as in the following U.S. Published Applications Nos. 2003/0079430; 2004/0154242; and 2004/0221534. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Thus, despite the existence of such storms for many, many years, and despite the existence of materials of many types, including high strength fabrics, no satisfactory solution has been found. Now surprisingly, a storm panel has been developed, that is lightweight, translucent, and, when constructed and installed in accordance with the teaching of the present invention, will effectively protect window and door openings from debris and airborne objects occurring during hurricane force winds, while allowing light into the building. “Effectively protect,” as used herein, means the product of the invention will comply with the 2004 Florida Building Code and the 2003 International Building Code as a large missile impact system. 
     In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a high strength fabric panel, of such size and shape as to extend across a selected door or window opening is provided with a hem along the top and bottom edge. A strip of reinforcing material (aluminum and the like) is inserted in each hem and a series of holes is placed through both the hem and reinforcing strip at strategically spaced positions along the hem. When used with the appropriate anchor screws, there is provided a reinforced anchoring device that securely holds the fabric panel in place during a storm. 
     According to another aspect, there is provided a cover and c-shaped clips that cover the rolled up fabric panel and provide a system for attractively storing the panel adjacent the corresponding window or door when not in use. 
     According to yet another aspect, the fabric panel is formed of high strength yarns made from high strength, high tenacity (greater than 7 g/d) polymeric fibers, such as ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight aramids, and ultra high molecular weight polypropylene. 
     Such a device, when properly installed with the reinforcing strips and anchored appropriately is able to protect the windows and doors once it is installed, from airborne debris and objects commonly associated with hurricanes. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Having described the invention in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a window having installed thereon a storm panel of the present invention, shown rolled down in readiness for a storm; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view similar to  FIG. 1 , except showing the panel in the rolled up, stored position; 
         FIG. 3 . is an elevation view of the panel without attaching hardware; 
         FIG. 4  is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along lines  4 - 4  in  FIG. 3  and illustrating the positioning of the reinforcing strip; 
         FIG. 5  is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along lines  5 - 5  in  FIG. 3  and illustrating a panel seam; 
         FIG. 6A  is an enlarged partial perspective illustrating how the panel hem, connecting strip, and protective cover are attached to the face of a facing; 
         FIG. 6B  is a view similar to  FIG. 6A , except showing the panel rolled up and the cover and c-clip in place. 
         FIG. 7A  is a perspective view of the c-clip alone removed from the storm panel; 
         FIG. 7B  is a perspective of an alternate form of the c-clip; 
         FIG. 8A  is a cross-sectional view of a window frame with the storm panel attached illustrating how the anchor screws attach the storm shade to a window facing; and 
         FIG. 8B  is a view similar to  FIG. 6 , except showing the storm panel attached to the underside of a window facing. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF ONE OR MORE OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Turning now the drawings, a storm panel for windows, doors, sliding doors, and the like is illustrated in  FIGS. 1-3 . The storm panel is shown generally as reference  10  and is illustrated installed over a window of a house. The storm panels can be of various lengths and widths to cover various size openings, such as windows, double windows, doors, sliding doors, etc. 
     As best illustrated in  FIG. 1 , storm panel  10  includes a translucent fabric panel  12  formed of relatively high strength yarns, described below, having an upper and lower hem  14 ,  16 . A flat reinforcing bar  18  in the form of an aluminum, or other metal, plastic, or other similar material strip is inserted in each hem  14 ,  16 . The purpose of the strip is to reinforce the points of attachment, so that when extremely high winds are prevalent, excessive stress is taken off the fabric itself. A plurality of spaced openings  20  extend along the upper and lower hems through the fabric material and the reinforcing strips. The spaced openings or holes are placed apart a distance of from 4-12 inches, depending upon the anticipated forces that the panel is intended to withstand. Obviously, the closer the openings, the higher the wind force intended to be withstood. Grommets  22  ( FIG. 4 ) are placed through the openings in the hems and strips. 
     The term “relatively high strength yarns” or “high strength fabric” as used herein, are yarns and/or fabrics sufficiently strong that, when constructed and attached as described herein, will pass the 2004 Florida Building Code and the 2003 International Building Code as a large missile impact system. Examples of high strength yarns and fabrics include those formed primarily of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight aramids, and ultra high molecular weight polypropylene, those formed of blends of such compositions. Aramids are intended to include para-aramids such as KEVLAR® by Dupont. The term “translucent” means the fabric transmits at least 60% of the light striking its surface. 
     Optional aspects of the fabric panel  12  include additional side openings  26 , so that the fabric panel can be fastened on the sides as well as at the top and bottom. Also, in the cases of a larger window opening, the fabric panel  12  may have to have a seam  28 . The seam is better shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     Turning now to  FIGS. 6A ,  6 B,  8 A, and  8 B, there is better illustrated the mounting system  30  that shows the manner in which the storm panel  10  is installed to the building. First, guide holes  31  are drilled in the framing, facing, or other area around the window opening to a depth of 1-2 inches depending upon the type of anchor screw used. Two types of anchor screws which will satisfactorily anchor the panel include the Tapcon SG  32  with washered wingnut  34  by ITW Buildex and the Sammy Super Screw  36  also by ITW Buildex, the difference being that the Tapcon SG  32  (illustrated in  FIG. 6A ) includes a threaded shaft extending outwardly of the structure, and a washered wingnut  34  is used to tighten down against the hem  14 ,  16 . The Sammy Super Screw  36  ( FIG. 8A ) differs in that there is no wingnut, and the screw includes a stainless steel cap that overlies the hem and is inserted through the hem as the screw is attached. The Sammy Super Screw also includes an enlarged shoulder  37  ( FIG. 8A ) to provide reinforcement of the screw shank. 
     While the screw type anchors shown above are illustrative of the types of anchors that can be used, other types of anchoring means can also be used depending upon whether the structure is wood, concrete, concrete block, brick, stucco, etc., it being understood that the type of anchor should be selected depending upon the type material into which it must be inserted and secured. The process involves lining up the holes in the wall with the openings in the hem and reinforcing strip. The hole positions are marked on the wall, and then using a drill, drilling a hole into the wall an appropriate depth and diameter. The fabric panel  12  is then attached by securing the upper hem  14  to the portion of the wall above the wall opening, then securing the lower hem  16  to the area below the opening in the same manner. If the optional side openings are used, the sides are then secured in the same manner. 
     In  FIG. 6B , there is illustrated one example of how the fabric panel  12  may be stored and placed in times when a storm is not imminent. To move the panel to the stored position above the window, the lower hem  14  and its reinforcing bar  18  are released from the lower side of the opening, rolled up, and then stored in its upper position by means of one or more c-clips  42  which are also attached to the anchor screws  32 . Obviously, the c-clips  42  must be removed before emplacing the storm panel in its protective position, then replaced when the panel  12  is rolled up to its stored position. The same anchor screws  32  are used secure both the storm panel  12  and the c-clips. One type of c-clip  42  is illustrated in  FIG. 7A . This type of c-clip requires the complete removal of the corresponding anchor screw  36  or wingnut  34  to emplace or remove the c-clip. Alternatively, a slotted c-clip  43  ( FIG. 7B ) may be used, which only requires a loosening of the anchor screw  36  or wing nut  34  for emplacement or removal. 
     An attractive protective cover  40  of some suitable material such as a solution dyed acrylic fabric such as SUNBRELLA® by Glen Raven may optionally be provided. The protective cover  40 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 6A and 6B  is suitably attached adjacent to or around upper hem  14 , and then folded around the storm panel in the rolled up position, whereupon the c-clips  42  maintain the cover and the rolled up fabric panel  12  in the stored position until the time arrives to install the panel in its protective position again. 
     While  FIGS. 6A ,  6 B are illustrative of a system in which the cover  40  is behind the panel  12 , and the panel  12  and cover  40  are rolled to the outside, the cover  40  could be placed on the outside and the panel  12  could be rolled in either direction. 
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  illustrate how the panel is installed. The anchor screws  36  may be attached to the vertical exposed surface of a window facing ( FIG. 8A ) or attached to the under surface of a window facing ( FIG. 8B ). From the illustration, it appears obvious as to how these approaches are facilitated. 
     Obviously, the fabric panel  12  could be similarly stored beneath the window, or in the case of windows, doors, or sliding glass doors, the fabric panel could possibly be attached on either side of the opening, then rolled and stored on one side or the other. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     A flexible composite fabric was formed from a single ply fabric made of ultra high molecular weight, extended chain polyethylene fibers. The fibers were Spectra® 900, 650 denier yarn available from Honeywell International Inc. and had a tenacity of 30.5 g/d. The fabric was in the form of a plain weave woven fabric (style 904 made by Hexcel Reinforcements Corp.), characterized as having a weight of 6.3 oz/yd 2  (0.02 g/cm 2 ), 34×34 ends per inch (13.4×13.4 ends per cm), a yarn denier of 650 in both the warp and weft, and a thickness of 17 mils (425 μm). The fabric was laminated on both sides to a low density polyethylene film having a thickness of 1.5 mil (37.5 μm). A 4 mil (100 μm) film of ethylene vinyl acetate was used as a bonding layer between the fabric layer and the two polyethylene film layers. The layers were laminated together by a thermal lamination technique as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,280,546 and 6,818,091. 
     The total composite fabric weight was 14.8 oz/yd 2  (0.05 g/cm 2 ), and the total composite fabric thickness was 0.030 inch (0.76 mm). The composite had a grab strength in the range of 850 to 950 pounds per inch (148.8 kN/m) of fabric width, as measured by ASTM 1682. 
     The percent transmitted light through this composite was found to be about 80% (test method based on ASTM D1746). 
     This fabric, when constructed into a storm panel as described above, effectively protects the underlying opening. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     A flexible composite fabric was formed from a single ply fabric made of extended chain polyethylene fibers. The fibers were Spectra® 900, 1200 denier yarn available from Honeywell International Inc. and had a tenacity of 30 g/d. The fabric was in the form of a basket weave woven fabric (style 912 made by Hexcel Reinforcements Corp.), characterized as having a weight of 11.3 oz/yd 2  (0.044 g/cm 2 ), 34×34 ends per inch (13.4×13.4 ends per cm), a yarn denier of 1200 in both the warp and weft, and a thickness of 28 mils (700 μm). The fabric was laminated on both sides to a low density polyethylene film having a thickness of about 2 mils (10 μm). A 7-8 mil (175-200 μm) film of ethylene vinyl acetate was used as a bonding layer between the fabric and the two polyethylene film layers. The layers were laminated together by a thermal lamination technique as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,280,546 and 6,818,091. 
     The total composite fabric weight was 20 oz/yd 2  (0.07 g/cm 2 ), and the total composite fabric thickness was 0.045 inch (1.14 mm). The composite had a grab strength in the range of 1700 to 1900 pounds per inch (298-333 kN/m) of fabric width, as measured by ASTM 1682. 
     This fabric, when constructed into a storm panel as described above, also effectively protects the underlying opening. 
     The foregoing description is illustrative of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, however it is apparent that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, as described above, the system may be utilized with various types of building structures which would require various types of anchoring systems. The storm panel may be attached to the vertical surface of a building, the window or door facings, or the horizontal undersurface of an opening facing. There may be utilized the optional side openings which provide further reinforcement of the panel. Thus, various modifications and variations are possible. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by the description of the preferred embodiments above, but rather by the following claims.