Patent Publication Number: US-6216584-B1

Title: Piston having an improved barrel portion, and a compressor using the same

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates in general to a piston and more particularly to a piston suitable for a compressor such as a swash plate type compressor. 
     A piston of the type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 9-105380/1997, which will be shown in FIG. 3 of the attached drawing. The piston is indicated by reference numeral  8  in FIG.  3  and has a head portion  81  of a hollow structure and a shoe receiver  84 . 
     The piston shown in FIG. 3 has a hollow head portion  81  and, therefore, has an advantage that it is light weighed. However, in an integral formation of the piston by casting, it is almost impossible to form the head portion in a hollow structure. Thus, the piston is formed by a casting method by dividing the entire structure into two parts and then the two parts should be coupled together by welding. This results in a substantial increase in production cost. 
     Another piston of the type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 9-126899 earlier filed by the present applicant (assignee), which is shown in FIG. 4 of the drawing. The piston  8  of FIG. 4 has a head portion  81 , a shell or barrel portion  82  connected with the head portion  81 , and a shoe receiving portion  84 . The barrel portion  82  has a U-shaped sectional shape at a surface intersecting at right angles to a reciprocal moving direction of the piston  8 . 
     The piston of FIG. 4, on the other hand, has solved the problem of the piston of FIG.  3 . Since the head portion  81  of FIG. 4 is of a solid structure, the barrel portion  82  having a U-shaped sectional shape, it can be produced integrally or entirely by casting. Accordingly, the production cost can be reduced relative to the piston of FIG.  3 . However, in the piston of FIG. 4, when the piston  8  is slidably inserted into a cylinder bore (not shown), a deviation or offset of the piston  8  in the direction intersecting at right angles to a center of the cylinder bore can not be restricted by the barrel portion  82  and, therefore, it is likely that an opening side of the barrel is abnormally worn out, resulting in considerable reduction of durability. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved piston which permits reduction of cost and weight and has a considerable durability. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a compressor using the piston. 
     Other objects of the present invention will become clear as the description proceeds. 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a piston for being slidably inserted into a cylinder bore defined by a cylindrical surface extending in a predetermined direction. The piston comprises a head portion extending perpendicular to the predetermined direction and having an outer circumferential portion which is close to the cylindrical surface when the piston is inserted in the cylinder bore, and a barrel portion connected to the head portion. In the piston, the barrel portion comprises at least three wall portions which are extended from the outer circumferential portion in the predetermined direction and arranged in a circumferential direction to form a substantially cylindrical shape in cooperation with one another. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a piston slidably inserted into a cylinder bore in a cylinder block. The piston comprises a head portion having an outer circumferential surface entirely slidably contacted with an inner circumferential surface of the cylinder bore, and a barrel portion connected with, and extending from, the head portion, and having an outer circumferential surface consisted with at least three circumferential wall portions extending along the slidable movement direction of the piston. In the piston, the at least three circumferential wall portions are located at a position where the barrel portion is unable to move in a direction perpendicular to the center of the cylinder bore. 
     According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compressor which comprises a cylinder block having a cylinder bore extending in a predetermined direction, a piston mentioned above and slidably inserted in the cylinder bore, and means coupled to the piston for making the piston be reciprocally moved along the cylinder bore in the predetermined direction. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a piston according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 1B is a sectional view of the piston, taken along IB—IB in FIG. 1A; 
     FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a swash plate type compressor using the piston shown in FIG. 1A; 
     FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a conventional piston; and 
     FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a piston in an earlier technology. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring first to FIG. 2, description will be made as regards a swash plate type compressor  1  comprising a piston according to an embodiment of the present invention. The compressor is designated by a reference numeral  1  and has a displacement volume variable in the manner known in the art. The compressor  1  comprises, in addition to the piston  8 , a housing  3 , a cylinder block  4 , a driving shaft  5 , and a swash plate  7 . 
     The housing  3  has a housing body  31 , a front end plate  32  and a cylinder head  33 . The housing body  31  is substantially cylindrical as illustrated. The front end plate  32  is fitted to an opening end of he housing body  31  to close the opening. The front end plate  32  has, at its central portion, a thrust needle bearing  11 , radial needle bearing  12  and an axial sealing member  13 . The cylinder head  33  has a suction chamber  33   a  and a discharge (exhaust) chamber  33   b,  and a valve plate  14  is fixedly provided to the cylinder block  4 . 
     The cylinder block  4  is disposed at the other end portion of the housing body  31 , and a crank chamber  34  is formed between the cylinder block  4  and the front end plate  32 . The cylinder block  4  has a central hole  41 , a plurality of cylinder bores  42 , and a valve chamber  43 . The central hole  41  is formed at a central portion of the cylinder block  4  and extends in a predetermined direction. The central hole  41  includes therein a thrust needle bearing  15  and a radial needle bearing  16 . The cylinder bores  42  are provided, around the central hole  41 , at a constant interval on the outer portion of the cylinder block  4 . Each of the cylinder bores  42  is defined by a cylindrical surface extending in the predetermined direction. The piston  8  is slidably inserted into each of the cylinder bores  42 . 
     The valve chamber  43  is formed between adjacent cylinder bores  42 . A control valve device  17  is provided in the valve chamber  43 . The control valve device  17  has a structure that it permits the gas in the crank chamber  34  to escape into the suction chamber  33   a  when an inner pressure of the crank chamber  34  exceeds a predetermined value. By this mechanism, the pressure in the crank chamber  34  is maintained constant as desired. 
     The driving shaft  5  is extended, at its one end, outside the housing  3  through the front end plate  32  and the one end portion of the driving shaft  5  is rotatably supported by the front end plate  32  through radial needle bearing  12 . The other end portion of the driving shaft  5  is rotatably supported by the cylinder block  4  through the radial needle bearing  16 . A slide member  18  is fitted to the driving shaft  5 . The slide member  18  is slidable in an axial direction of the driving shaft  5  and has a spherical portion  18   a  and a cylindrical portion  18   b.    
     The rotor  6  has an arm  61  which has at its end a pin  62 . The rotor  6  is fixed to the driving shaft  5  in the crank chamber  34  and has a surface which is contacted against the thrust needle bearing  11 . 
     The swash plate  7  is substantially disc shaped and fitted rotatably to the spherical portion  18   a  of the slide member  18 . The swash plate  7  has an arm  71  which is rotatably connected with the arm  61  of the rotor  6  by means of the pin  62  so that the swash plate  7  is rotated along with the driving shaft  5  and permits a change of the inclination angle of the swash plate  7  relative to the axial direction of the driving shaft  5 . The displacement volume of the compressor  1  varies in accordance with the change of the inclination angle in the manner known in the art. 
     Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B together with FIG. 2, the description will be made as regards the piston  8 . In the manner which will presently be described, the piston  8  has a head portion  81 , a barrel portion  82 , a connector portion  83  and a shoe receiver portion  84 , all of which are formed unitarily by casting. 
     The head portion  81  is of a disc shape extending perpendicular to the predetermined direction and has a solid structure. The head portion  81  is for serving to compress the gas in the cylinder bore  42 . For this purpose, the head portion  81  has an outer circumferential portion which is closed to the cylindrical surface when the piston  8  is inserted in each cylinder bore  42 . Further, the head portion  81  is provided with a piston ring  85  as shown. The head portion  81  may be formed to be in slidable contact with the cylindrical surface of each cylinder bore  42 . 
     The barrel portion  82  comprises first, second, and third partial circumferential wall portions  82   a,    82   b,  and  82   c  which are extended along the cylinder bore  42  or the cylindrical surface in the predetermined direction. The wall portions  82   a  to  82   c  are extended from the outer circumferential portion of the head portion  81  in the predetermined direction. The wall portions  82   a  to  82   c  are arranged to separate and disperse in a circumferential direction. Thus, the wall portions  82   a  to  82   c  form a substantially cylindrical shape in cooperation with one another. 
     The wall portions  82   a  to  82   c  are disposed in the cylinder bore  42  such that the barrel portion  82  is unable to move in the direction perpendicular to a central line of the cylinder bore  42 . For this purpose, it is preferably designed that the central line of the cylinder bore  42  is located within a polygonal shape (that is, a triangular shape in this embodiment) which is formed by connecting points which are located at a center of the substantially cylindrical shape formed by the wall portions  82   a  to  82   c.  Each of the wall portions  82   a  to  82   c  has an outer surface of an arc-like sectional shape. The wall portions  82   a  to  82   c  have through holes  82   d,    82   e,  and  82   f,  respectively, penetrating therethrough for escaping a lubricant oil from first, second, and third grooves  82   i,    82   j,  and  82   k  which will later become clear. 
     Further, the first and the second partial circumferential wall portions  82   a  and  82   b  are connected with each other by a first partition wall  82   g  extending inside the barrel portion  82 . Similarly, the first and the third partial circumferential wall portions  82   a  and  82   c  are connected with each other by the second partition wall  82   h  extending inside the barrel portion  82 . The interior of the barrel portion  82  is divided by the partition walls  82   g  and  82   h  to form the first, the second, and the third grooves  82   i,    82   j,  and  82   k  in the barrel portion  82 . The first and second partition walls  82   g  and  82   h  are integrally or unitarily formed with the first to third partial circumferential wall portions  82   a  to  82   c.  It is to be noted that each of the grooves  82   i  to  82   k  has an opening between adjacent ones of the wall portions  82   a  to  82   c.    
     The connector portion  83  is of plate-like structure and connected with a lower end of the barrel portion  82 . The shoe receiver portion  84  is coupled with the barrel portion  82  by the connector portion  83  and has a pair of shoe receiver tubs  84   a  and  84   b  and a connecting tub  84   c.  The shoe receiver tubs  84   a  and  84   b  support the shoe  19  and the connecting tub  84   c  serves to connect the shoe receiver tubs  84   a  and  84   b  together. 
     The piston  8  is connected to the swash plate  7  with a pair of shoes  19  disposed therebetween, the shoes  19  being slidably held by the shoe receiver portion  84 . By this structure, a rotational movement of the swash plate  7  by the driving shaft  5  is converted into a reciprocal linear movement and then transmitted to the piston  8 . Consequently, the piston  8  is reciprocally moved in the cylinder bore  42  to thereby provide a suction/exhaust operation of the piston. 
     In the piston  8 , the wall portions  82   a  to  82   c  are coupled together by the partition walls  82   g  and  82   h  and provides a desirable mechanical strength. Since the barrel portion  82  can be formed in a hollow structure, the piston  8  can be more light weighed than the conventional ones. Further, since the piston  8  can be produced by a single production step, it can be obtained with reduced cost of production. In addition to the above, since no shake or rattling of the piston is generated in the cylinder bore, any abnormal frictional wear is not produced in the piston. 
     While the present invention has thus far been described in connection with a single embodiment thereof, it will readily be possible for those skilled in the art to put this invention into practice in various other manners. For example, although the description has been described with reference to the swash plate type compressor, the present invention is not limited to this type of compressor but can be extensively used for the other types of compressor. Besides, the piston can be used as a piston for a pump. The partition walls can be omitted if desired.