Patent Publication Number: US-5155864-A

Title: Inflatable bladders for game gloves

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Summary of the Invention 
     This invention relates to inflatable bladders for game gloves and, more particularly, to baseball or softball gloves having bladders which are selectively inflatable. 
     2. Description of the Background Art 
     The technology for game gloves, whether for baseball, softball or the like involves a glove particularly sized and configured for the preference of the player. Human factors involved with glove design relate to a plurality of factors. One human factor, hand motion, includes two ways for closing the hand. The thumb to the index finger, a natural motion which is the strongest motion. In the alternative, the thumb can move to the ring finger, the traditional glove closing motion. Strength is effected by the finger position. Two fingers are stronger than one, but there is less strength when the fingers are spread apart. 
     Another human factor relates to the flex points on the hand. The palm has two flex points, the first is across the palm about 1/2 inch below the base of the fingers. The second begins at the base of the index finger around the thumb. These flex points create a wide wedge when using the natural hand motion and a narrow wedge with the traditional hand motion. The back of the hand also has flex lines, a first is across the knuckles and a second begins about 1/2 inch outside of the index finger straight to wrist at the base of the hand. There is an additional flex line along the middle knuckle of the fingers. 
     In comparing glove design versus hand design, current gloves are designed for the natural hand closure. The flex lines will create a wide wedge. The thumb lays across the fingers in the closed position which reduces the size of the well. The enclosed backs, however, hinder closure while material layering hinders flex. Design recommendations for traditional closures include the fact that the flex lines should create a narrow wedge. The thumb of the glove lays parallel to the ring hand pinkie finger which maximizes the size of the well. The enclosed backs hinder closure. The pocket includes the index finger. 
     With regard to material stiffeners, advanced glove designs require stiffness along the thumb and outer fingers to enhance closure as well as a stiff connection between the closing fingers and the glove. 
     Cushioning should be along the lower palm of the hand, in the palm of the hand, and provide for the index finger. With respect to fit features for glove retaining, considerations should include: (1) thumb and finger internal loops, (2) the fan shaped spreading of fingers, (3) the well shape which allows gravity to assist in glove retention, (4) tight finger slots with sufficient room for fingers, and (5) finger tension on glove. 
     With regard to hand position versus glove performance, two hand positions are considered. The traditional position and the position of fingers closer together with the thumb at 90 degrees. This latter position offers a larger pocket but less sensitivity. 
     In view of the foregoing, a preferred glove concept employs (1) air in a bladder in the back of the hand, (2) an air system that retains the fingers, (3) an active air system that encloses the ball after the catch, (4) quilted air bladders to create the proper flex points and (5) an active air system that enhances the closing of the glove. 
     There have been a wide variety of technical advances associated with baseball gloves and with inflatable devices. By way of example, boxing gloves with inflatable bladders are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 320,972 to Rumsy; 531,872 to Shibe; 570,092 to Harvey; 600,779 to Frazier; 1,622,322 to Kennedy; 2,275,206 to Sutherland; 2,653,319 to Slizus; and 3,217,333 to Sweet. 
     Pneumatic pads and guards for use in athletic contests include U.S. Pat. No. 4,067,063 to Ettinger and 4,370,754 to Donzis. Gloves and mittens for miscellaneous purposes include U.S. Pat. Nos. 972,224 to Pease; 1,053,204 to Morrison; 2,842,771 to Foti, and 4,486,975 to Harreld. Lastly, advancements in baseball gloves which include pneumatic devices include U.S. Pat. Nos. 450,717 to Reach; 1,465,223 to Kobbe; 1,602,027 to Kennedy, and 4,937,882 to Hayes. 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved game glove, as for baseball, softball, etc., including a front and a back forming a major region for the fingers of the wearer and a minor region for the thumb of the wearer thereby defining a hand space therebetween; an opening at the lower edge of the glove for the passage of the hand of a wearer into the hand space; a bladder positioned in the hand space, the bladder having a major portion in the major region of the glove and a minor portion in the minor region for the glove; and a pump system to selectively inflate and deflate the bladder. 
     A further object of the invention is to implement light weight air bladders into baseball gloves to provide an inner structure for custom fit and shock absorption. 
     A further object of the present invention is to provide pump buttons and releases, and the like which are accessible for easy use. 
     A further object of the present invention is to provide a consistent flex pattern by the appropriate air system design while maintaining traditional design details and materials. 
     A further object of the present invention is to maintain or reduce the weight of all gloves by use of air technology to eliminate heavier padding. 
     A further object of the present invention is to improve break in characteristics of game gloves. 
     A further object of the present invention is to provide a true custom fit for baseball gloves by utilizing inflation technology. 
     A further object of the present invention is to allow baseball players to change the fit of gloves by altering inflation pressures. 
     A further object of the present invention is to improve the design of pumps for use in selectively inflating bladders. 
     A further object of the present invention is to supplement a baseball glove with an inflation system comprising a low pressure bladder for hand retention and a high pressure bladder for glue rigidity. 
     The foregoing has outlined some of the more pertinent objects of the invention. These objects should be construed to be merely illustrative of some of the more prominent features and applications of the intended invention. Many other beneficial results can be obtained by applying the disclosed invention in a different manner or modifying the invention within the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the summary of the invention and the detailed description of the preferred embodiments in addition to the scope of the invention defined by the claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     For the purpose of summarizing this invention, this invention may be incorporated into an improved game glove including a front and a back forming a major region for the fingers of the wearer and a minor region for the thumb of the wearer thereby defining a hand space therebetween; an opening at the lower edge of the glove for the passage of the hand of a wearer into the hand space; a bladder positioned in the hand space, the bladder having a major portion in the major region of the glove and a minor portion in the minor region for the glove; and a pump system to selectively inflate and deflate the bladder. 
     The pump system includes a diaphragm for selectively inflating the bladder to improve the fit of the glove on a wearer&#39;s hand. The pump system further includes a pair of valves operatively coupled with the diaphragm the first valve adapted to allow for the flow of air to the bladder from the diaphragm upon the depression thereof, and the second valve adapted to allow for the flow of air from atmosphere to interior of the diaphragm upon the release thereof. Each valve is a one way, duck-bill check valve. The pump system also includes a button for selectively deflating the bladder. The glove further includes a housing for supporting the pump system in the back of the glove with the diaphragm and button exposed for contact and use by the wearer of the glove. The glove further includes a second bladder positioned within the hand space for inflating portions of the glove unoccupied by the first mentioned bladder. The glove further includes a supplemental pump system for inflating the second bladder. The first mentioned bladder is located in regions corresponding to the back of a wearer&#39;s hand and fingers and is adapted to be inflated to a low pressure while the second bladder is located in regions beyond the fingers and thumb of the wearer extending essentially to the tips of the glove thumb and fingers and is adapted to be inflated to a higher pressure for adding rigidity to the glove. 
     In addition, the invention may be incorporated into an improved game glove having a front layer and a back layer formed of material defining a hand space therebetween, the glove having an opening at its lower edge for the passage of the hand of a wearer into the hand space, the glove also having a major region for the fingers of the wearer and a laterally disposed minor region for the thumb of the wearer, and a bladder adjacent to the back material in the hand space behind the hand of the wearer. 
     The game glove further includes a layer of additional material within the hand space to support the bladder adjacent to the back material. The game glove further includes valve means to selectively inflate and deflate the bladder with aperture means in the back material in the minor region to expose the operative portions of the valve means for operation and control by a wearer of the glove. The bladder includes a major portion in the major region cf the glove and a minor portion in the minor region of the glove with an intermediate portion therebetween. The game glove further includes quilting dots heat sealing front and back faces of the bladder. The game glove further includes quilting lines heat sealing front and back faces of the bladder. The major portion of the bladder may be formed of separate fingers essentially the lenghts of the wearer&#39;s fingers or the length of the fingers of the glove. The intermediate portion is positionable in the central portion of the back of the wearer&#39;s hand or in the lower portion of the back of the wearer&#39;s hand. The lower edge of the back material extends toward the wrist of a wearer. The glove includes a second bladder positioned within the hand space for inflating portions of the glove unoccupied by the first mentioned bladder and a supplemental pump system for inflating the second bladder, the first mentioned bladder is located in regions corresponding to the back of a wearer&#39;s hand and fingers and is adapted to be inflated to a low pressure while the second bladder is located in regions beyond the fingers and thumb of the wearer extending essentially to the tips of the glove thumb and fingers and is adapted to be inflated to a higher pressure for adding rigidity to the glove. 
     Lastly, the invention may be incorporated into an improved pump for inflating a bladder within a glove to insure the secure coupling thereof with the hand of a wearer, the pump comprising a diaphragm formed of a resilient material and capable of being depressed and released by the wearer, a pair of valves coupled with the diaphragm, the first valve adapted to allow for the flow of air to the bladder from the diaphragm upon the depression thereof, and the second valve adapted to allow the flow of air from atmosphere to interior of the diaphragm upon the release thereof, and a release valve associated therewith which, when depressed, will relieve the air pressure from the bladder. The pump further includes a housing for supporting the diaphragm and valves. 
     The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more pertinent and important features of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood so that the present contribution to the art can be more fully appreciated. Additional features of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and the specific embodiments disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent structures do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which: 
     FIGS. 1 and 2 are front and rear elevational views of a baseball glove constructed in accordance with the primary embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a front elevational view similar to FIG. 1 but illustrating the wearer&#39;s hand with a glove shown in phantom lines and resting flat. 
     FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but showing an alternate embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the glove of FIGS. 1 through 3 and taken through the middle finger. 
     FIG. 6 is an elevational view of the pump system shown in the prior Figures. 
     FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 5. 
     FIG. 8 is a left side elevational view of the pump system of FIG. 7. 
     FIG. 9 is an elevational view of the fitting shown in FIGS. 6 through 8. 
     FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the fitting taken through line 10--10 of FIG. 9. 
     FIGS. 11 and 12 are front elevational views of gloves with bladders constructed in accordance with alternate embodiments of the invention. 
     FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the glove taken through the middle finger of the FIG. 12 embodiment. 
     FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 are front elevational views of bladders constructed in accordance with three additional alternate embodiments of the invention. 
     Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a game glove 10, as for baseball, softball or the like, having an inflatable bladder 12 constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The glove 10 is a generally conventional baseball glove in its design. It is fabricated of a plurality of pieces or layers 14, 16, etc. of material, preferably leather, front and back. The material defines a major region 20 for the receipt of the wearer&#39;s fingers and a minor region 22 for the receipt of the wearer&#39;s thumb. An opening 26 is formed at the lower edge of the glove 10 between the front and back component pieces 14 and 16 through which the wearer may insert his hand into a hand space. Stitching and cords 28 couple the various pieces of the glove to render it a unitary device. Located between the thumb region and finger region of the glove are the webbing 30 at the upper extent and the well 32 at the lower extent which together form a pocket in which the ball is preferably caught. An aperture 34 is formed in the back piece 16 through which the wearer may extend his index finger. 
     The thumb region 22 and finger region 20 are pivotable about the well and webbing areas by the movement of the wearer&#39;s thumb toward the fingers or the fingers towards the thumb to entrap the ball when being caught. 
     The glove 10 is essentially conventional in most regards except for a bladder 12 with an additional layer of material 38 interior of the glove for forming a bladder-receiving pocket 40 and a pump system 44 to inflate the bladder 12 with an aperture 46 in the glove 10 for exposing portions of the pump system. 
     The glove 10 of the primary embodiment is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 with the bladder 12 in dotted line configuration. Such bladder is more particularly seen in FIGS. 3 and 5. The bladder is formed of two pieces 50 and 52 of air impervious elastomer, preferably urethane. Other similar light weight, air impervious, inflatable materials could readily be utilized. The two pieces of bladder material are essentially of the same shape front and back and are heat sealed around their edges 54. In addition to the heat sealing around the edges, additional heat sealing is provided in the nature of dots 56. Such dots preclude the inflated bladder from becoming excessively thick. They also constitute built-in flex points at the knuckles or other joints of the wearer for the enhancement of glove bending and closure. 
     The bladder 12 is formed of two distinct major portions, the finger or major portion 60 and the thumb or minor portion 62 with an elongated coupling portion 64 therebetween. The finger portion 60 has essentially linear parts 66 adapted to extend from near the central portion of the glove 10 upwardly into the fingers of the glove toward the tip ends of each finger of the glove. Such finger portions 66 of the bladder are adapted to be received in the lower extents of the fingers 68 of the glove. The thumb portion 70 of the bladder is also extended and adapted to be positioned within the lower extent of the thumb portion 72 of the glove 10. 
     The thumb and finger portions of the bladder are each provided with a plurality of quilting dots 56 of heat sealing along the lengths thereof. Such dots add rigidity and support for the fingers and thumb. Flexibility is also enhanced due to their locations at the joints of the fingers and thumb as well as at the finger and thumb regions of the glove. A plurality of such dots 56 are also located in the coupling portion to keep the bladder portions together to a limited extent. The coupling portion 64 of the bladder 12 is relatively thin simply to couple the thumb and finger portions 60 and 62 together for concurrent inflation and deflation. The dots also function to preclude excess ballooning of the bladder when in operation and use. 
     FIG. 4 is an alternate embodiment similar to FIG. 3. In the FIG. 3 embodiment, the coupling portion 64 is located at the lowermost edge of the back of the glove. In the FIG. 4 embodiment, the coupling portion 65 is raised slightly, midway between the lower edge of the glove and the lower edge of the finger opening 34 to give support to the back of the wearer&#39;s hand. 
     FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of a portion of the bladder shown positioned within a glove, the glove being positioned on a wearer&#39;s hand. The deflated bladder is shown in solid lines while the inflated bladder is shown in dashed lines. Shown in the central extent of the glove is the finger space 76, a portion of the hand space 78 for the wearer&#39;s hand. The front and back layers 14 and 16 of the glove as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are also seen at the front and back of the FIG. 5 sectional view. Also shown in FIG. 5 is an intermediate layer 80 as of material such as leather or the like to separate the finger from additional padding 82 between such intermediate layer and the front piece. Also located behind the finger space is a layer of flexible material 38, as for example lamb skin or the like, which can breathe appropriately. The flexible material with the rear piece 16 of the glove forms a pocket 40 in which the bladder 12 is located. The lower edge of the fabric encloses such pocket with the aid of a coupler such as adhesive or stitching to maintain the pocket closed. A releasable coupler could also be readily utilized. In addition, the lower edge of the bladder may be stitched to the glove. The bladder 12 may be inflated to an appropriate extent through the use of the pump system 44. Similarly, the air may be selectively removed from the bladder. In this manner, the glove may be made to conform more securely to the wearer&#39;s hand so that upon catching the ball, jarring of the glove with respect to the hand is abated for increasing comfort, security and efficiency in catching balls. 
     Inflation and deflation of the bladder is effected through a pump system 44 which is most readily seen in FIGS. 6 through 10. The pump system 44 includes a pump or diaphragm 86, preferably blow molded, with associated check valves 88, 90 and a release valve 92, all interrelated with each other and with the bladder 12 to effect the desired result of selectively inflating and deflating the bladder for insuring proper fit of the particular glove to the particular wearer. 
     The diaphragm 86 is a one piece element formed of a resilient elastomeric material such as rubber, natural or synthetic or blend thereof. It is adapted to be depressed on its exposed exterior surface 94 by a user to decrease the volume of air within the diaphragm chamber. Upon release of the diaphragm, the volume of air within the chamber increases as the diaphragm returns to normal expand configuration as shown. 
     Along one edge of the diaphragm are a pair of essentially rigid tubes 96, 98, one for conveying air from the interior of the diaphragm into the bladder and one for conveying air from the atmosphere to interior of the diaphragm. The interior surface of each of the tubes receive the exterior surfaces of one of the pair of check valves 88 and 90, preferably of the conventional duck-bill type. The upper check valve 90 as shown in FIG. 6 is oriented to allow for the suction of air from the atmosphere to the chamber interior of the diaphragm 86 upon release of the diaphragm which, upon resiling of the diaphragm, increases the diaphragm chamber volume and generates a suction. A similarly configured but oppositely directed check valve 88 is in operative association with the second tube 96 for the moving of air from interior of the diaphragm to the bladder upon depressing of the diaphragm which decreases the volume within the diaphragm chamber to increase the pressure therein. 
     The valves 88 and 90 themselves are formed of elastomeric material, preferably silicone, with an aperture near the tip and a tube 102 of flexible, elastomeric material in a flat, ribbon-like configuration. Such arrangement constitutes a conventional duck-bill valve. Under normal conditions, each valve is such as to preclude the flow of air therethrough. When, however, a pressure differential is generated on opposite sides thereof through the depression or release of the diaphragm, the tube 102 of the check valves will open for the flow of air in one direction as shown by the arrows. Note FIG. 6. Upon the cessation of pumping, the tube 102 of each check valve will close to preclude further movement of air therethrough. 
     The check valves 88 and 90 are supported in a housing 104. The housing also supports an adapter 112 which couples the diaphragm tubes with the one-way valves. The housing and the adapter are constructed of a rigid material preferably a plastic such as polyurethane. The housing includes an upper aperture 106 in which is located a release ball 108. The release valve 92 has an upper surface or button 110 adapted to be depressed by the user to force a stopper downwardly. The release ball 108 is spherically shaped and seated in the apertur 106 which is correspondingly shaped. Downward movement of the button 110 and release ball 108 thus creates an opening between the stopper and the walls of the housing aperture for the release of the pressurized air within the bladder. A coil spring 114 is located between the button 110 and the housing 104 to urge the stopper 108 upwardly upon the release of pressure generated by the finger of the operator to thereby retain the air within the bladder. Beneath the release ball 108 is a continuation of the air passage 118 for pneumatically coupling the bladder and the diaphragm. 
     The housing 104 is coupled with the bladder 12 as through an adhesive or welding and extends through an aperture 46 in the glove 10 to expose the diaphragm 86 and button 110. In this manner, the diaphragm is exposed so that it may be used by the wearer while the button of the release valve is similarly exposed, also for use by the wearer. 
     Alternate embodiments of the bladders are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. Further alternate embodiments are shown in FIGS. 14, 15 and 16. The first alternate embodiment as shown in FIG. 11 is a bladder 122 similar to the primary embodiment of FIGS. 1 through 3 except for the fact that the fingers 120 are more elongated than in the first embodiment, extending the full length of the fingers of the glove. In addition, heat sealing quilting includes lines 124 are provided in the bladder fingers and thumb for adding rigidity and strength to the glove in the region beyond the wearer&#39;s fingers and thumb. 
     Shown in FIG. 12 is another alternate embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the inflatable bladder 128 is actually a bladder system formed of a first or low pressure bladder 130 of a construction the same as or similar to that of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 through 3. And, in addition, a second or high pressure bladder 132 is located in other regions of the glove. The high pressure bladder 132 extends outwardly from the thumb and finger portions of the low pressure bladder 130 to fill the spaces of the glove previously unoccupied by thumb or fingers of the low pressure bladder. The purpose of the high pressure bladder is to add rigidity to the thumb and fingers of the gloves all the way to a location adjacent their tips 134, regions which are normally unsupported except for the strength and rigidity of the leather or other material of which the glove is fabricated. In this manner, the glove can be made of less expensive material or thinner constructions of conventional leathers for cost saving purposes. 
     It has been found that such high pressure of the second bladder 132 should not be placed between the hand and glove in the location of the primary bladder since the excess pressure would cause discomfort to the wearer and possibly cut off circulation after extended use. Further, in the FIG. 12 embodiment, no fingers are provided in the high pressure bladder adjacent to the middle and index finger of the wearer since the rigidity is mostly needed at the extremities of the glove beyond the thumb as well as the ring and little finger of the wearer. Flexibility is thus desirably extended to the central portion of the glove at the middle finger and index finger. In this manner, the entire glove and bladder are constructed to add maximum flexibility for the wearer when catching a ball. Note is taken that the primary bladder has no finger component in the index finger area about which the thumb and other fingers pivot when catching a ball. Similarly, there is no bladder in the back of the hand immediately beneath the knuckles since such might abate flexibility at such location. This is accommodated by having the central bladder portion 136 of both the primary and secondary bladders behind the hand immediately above the wrist rather than across the back of the hand adjacent to the knuckles. In order to accommodate this bladder construction, the back of the glove extends downwardly a greater distance to cover the entire wrist of the wearer to provide a covered passageway for the central portion of the bladder coupling the thumb with the fingers. 
     The central connecting portion of the low pressure bladder is simply an extension of the sheets of air impervious material which constitute such bladder. In the second bladder, a hollow tube 138 connects the two portions of the high pressure bladder effecting a common pressure throughout the secondary bladders. Further, a second pump 142 is located on the back of the glove near the tip end of the little finger for inflating and deflating the high pressure bladder in a manner the same as for the first bladder but pneumatically independent thereof. The high pressure bladder is intended to be inflated to about 4 to 5 pounds per square inch while the low pressure bladder is intended to be inflated to about 2 to 3 pounds per square inch. 
     Lastly, the configuration of the second bladder is such that each finger area is provided with a central opening 144 at its base in which is located the corresponding thumb and finger parts of the primary bladder. In this manner, the two extreme fingers and thumb of the wearer are contacted by the primary bladder but surrounded by the secondary bladder for adding the desired rigidity to the glove without providing excess pressure to the wearer&#39;s hand. A sectional view of this embodiment, taken through the ring finger, is shown in FIG. 13. 
     FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 illustrate modified alternate designs for the primary bladder. In the FIG. 14 embodiment, the thumb and finger portions of the bladder 148 are substantially the same as those in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 through 3, extending a length substantially equal to the wearer&#39;s fingers and thumb. The weld dots of such prior embodiment, however, are replaced by weld lines 150 axially along the lengths of the thumb and finger portions. Similarly, weld lines 152 are provided in the back and retention area across the back of the wrist to preclude excessive enlargement of the primary bladder at such location. 
     The FIG. 15 embodiment is a bladder 154 similar to FIG. 14 except that the fingers are of a shorter construction providing support only at the central portions of the fingers of the wearer. Specifically, the bladder is located to extend from above the knuckles, across the middle joints of the fingers and halfway to the outermost joints of the fingers. In addition, a modified air channel 156 provides for a more direct coupling between the wrist, thumb and finger regions of the bladder. 
     The last embodiment, shown in FIG. 16, is a bladder 160 similar to FIG. 14 except that the central area 162 of the bladder, that coupling the thumb and fingers is enlarged to provide a back hand fill area to provide additional support to the central portion of the back of the wearer&#39;s hand above the wrist and beneath the knuckles or other bend points of the hand. The lowermost cross-piece 164 is thereby located beneath the lowermost edge of a conventional glove, immediately above the wearer&#39;s wrist. In order to accommodate such new cross-piece 164, the back of the glove is extended downwardly, an increased amount as compared to conventional gloves, nearly to the wearer&#39;s wrist, for effecting the desired securement between the wearer&#39;s hand and glove. In the earlier embodiment, the back of the glove is also extended downwardly, an increased amount as compared to conventional gloves, in order to accommodate the bladder or bladders. 
     The present disclosure includes that contained in the appended claims, as well as that of the foregoing description. Although this invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred forms has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 
     Now that the invention has been described,