Patent Publication Number: US-2022226818-A1

Title: Detection chip and detection system

Description:
The present application claims the priority of Chinese patent application No. 202010086487.5, filed on Feb. 11, 2020, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as part of the disclosure of this application. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a detection chip and a detection system. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Microfluidic chip technology integrates basic operation units such as sample reaction and detection involved in the fields of biology, chemistry, medicine, or the like into a chip with a micrometer-scale micro channel to automatically complete the whole process of reaction, detection, analysis, etc. The chip used in this process is referred to as a microfluidic chip, and may also be referred to as a lab-on-a-chip. Microfluidic chip technology has the advantages of small sample consumption, fast analysis speed, easy to be made into portable instruments, suitable for instant and on-site analysis, or the like, and has been widely used in various fields such as biology, chemistry, and medicine. 
     SUMMARY 
     At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a detection chip, and the detection chip includes a base substrate, a flow channel defining layer, and at least one driving electrode group; the at least one driving electrode group is on the base substrate, and the flow channel defining layer is on a side of the at least one driving electrode group away from the base substrate; the flow channel defining layer comprises a flow channel structure, and the flow channel structure is configured to accommodate liquid; and each of the at least one driving electrode group comprises a plurality of driving electrodes, and the plurality of driving electrodes are configured to contact the liquid and drive the liquid to move within the flow channel structure. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of driving electrodes in the each of the at least one driving electrode group comprise a first electrode and a second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode form an interdigital electrode structure to transmit an alternating current signal. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first electrode comprises a plurality of first comb-shaped teeth, the second electrode comprises a plurality of second comb-shaped teeth, and the plurality of first comb-shaped teeth are alternately arranged with the plurality of second comb-shaped teeth in an extending direction of the flow channel structure. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the extending direction of the flow channel structure, a width of a first comb-shaped tooth is different from a width of a second comb-shaped tooth, so as to allow the first electrode and the second electrode to form an asymmetric interdigital electrode structure. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the extending direction of the flow channel structure, the width of the first comb-shaped tooth is smaller than the width of the second comb-shaped tooth, and a distance between adjacent first comb-shaped teeth is greater than a distance between adjacent second comb-shaped teeth. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the extending direction of the flow channel structure, the width of the first comb-shaped tooth is 2 μm to 20 μm, and the width of the second comb-shaped tooth is 10 μm to 100 μm. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a material of the first electrode and a material of the second electrode comprise an inert metal material. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, an orthographic projection of the flow channel structure on the base substrate is within an orthographic projection of the plurality of driving electrodes on the base substrate in a first direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to an extending direction of the flow channel structure. 
     For example, the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a mixing region, a buffer region, and a detection region, which are arranged in sequence, the flow channel defining layer is at least in the mixing region, the buffer region, and the detection region, and the at least one driving electrode group is configured to drive the liquid to sequentially pass through the mixing region, the buffer region, and the detection region. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the at least one driving electrode group comprises a first driving electrode group, a second driving electrode group, and a third driving electrode group; the first driving electrode group is in the mixing region, and a plurality of driving electrodes of the first driving electrode group are configured to drive the liquid to move in the mixing region; the second driving electrode group is in the buffer region, and a plurality of driving electrodes of the second driving electrode group are configured to drive the liquid to move in the buffer region; and the third driving electrode group is in the detection region, and a plurality of driving electrodes of the third driving electrode group are configured to drive the liquid to move in the detection region. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the flow channel structure comprises a first flow channel portion, a second flow channel portion, and a third flow channel portion which are sequentially connected; the first flow channel portion is in the mixing region and is configured to allow the liquid to be mixed with a reaction reagent in the first flow channel portion; the second flow channel portion is in the buffer region; and the third flow channel portion is in the detection region and is configured to allow to perform optical detection on the liquid at at least one detection point in the third flow channel portion. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a cross-sectional shape of the first flow channel portion on a plane parallel to the base substrate is a rhombus. 
     For example, the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a detection reagent, and the detection reagent is provided at the at least one detection point. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the flow channel defining layer further comprises a sample inlet, and the sample inlet is outside the mixing region, the buffer region, and the detection region, and is connected to the first flow channel portion in the mixing region. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the flow channel defining layer further comprises a liquid storage portion, and the liquid storage portion is outside the mixing region, the buffer region, and the detection region and is connected to the third flow channel portion in the detection region. 
     For example, in the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first flow channel portion, the second flow channel portion, and the third flow channel portion form a liquid movement channel, and the liquid movement channel enables the liquid to move along a movement path of a straight-line shape. 
     For example, the detection chip provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a cover plate, and the cover plate is on a side of the flow channel defining layer away from the at least one driving electrode group. 
     At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a detection system, and the detection system includes the detection chip provided by any one of the embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     For example, the detection system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a control device and a chip mounting structure; the chip mounting structure comprises a signal application electrode, the chip mounting structure is configured to mount the detection chip, and in a case where the detection chip is mounted on the chip mounting structure, the signal application electrode is electrically connected to the plurality of driving electrodes in the each of the at least one driving electrode group; and the control device is configured to apply an electrical signal to the plurality of driving electrodes in the each of the at least one driving electrode group through the signal application electrode, so as to drive the liquid to move and adjust a movement rate of the liquid. 
     For example, in the detection system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrical signal comprises an alternating current signal. 
     For example, the detection system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further includes an optical detection device, and the optical detection device is configured to perform optical detection on the liquid at at least one detection point in a detection region of the detection chip mounted on the chip mounting structure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In order to clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described in the following. It is obvious that the described drawings are only related to some embodiments of the present disclosure and thus are not limitative to the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic planar diagram of a detection chip provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a detection chip provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a partial planar structure of a driving electrode group of a detection chip provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of another detection chip provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic block diagram of a detection system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic structural diagram of a detection system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic block diagram of another detection system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In order to make objects, technical details and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in a clearly and fully understandable way in connection with the drawings related to the embodiments of the present disclosure. Apparently, the described embodiments are just a part but not all of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure herein, those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiment(s), without any inventive work, which should be within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. The terms “first,” “second,” etc., which are used in the description and the claims of the present application for disclosure, are not intended to indicate any sequence, amount or importance, but distinguish various components. Also, the terms such as “a,” “an,” etc., are not intended to limit the amount, but indicate the existence of at least one. The terms “comprise,” “comprising,” “include,” “including,” etc., are intended to specify that the elements or the objects stated before these terms encompass the elements or the objects and equivalents thereof listed after these terms, but do not preclude the other elements or objects. The phrases “connect,” “connected,” “coupled,” etc., are not intended to define a physical connection or mechanical connection, but may include an electrical connection, directly or indirectly. “On,” “under,” “right,” “left,” and the like are only used to indicate relative position relationship, and when the position of the object which is described is changed, the relative position relationship may be changed accordingly. 
     When the microfluidic chip is used to detect and analyze a sample, because the microfluidic chip is usually designed as a passive chromatography chip, the movement of the sample in the microfluidic chip usually needs to depend on the fluidity of the sample itself, and the movement process of the liquid in the microfluidic chip is difficult to be actively controlled. Moreover, the fluidity of different samples may usually be different and unstable. Therefore, when a passive chromatography microfluidic chip is used to detect a sample, because it is difficult to accurately control the movement process of the sample in the chip, for example, difficult to accurately control the fluid volume or flow rate of the sample in different regions, it is difficult to achieve the quantitative detection on the sample using the passive chromatography microfluidic chip. In this way, not only the accuracy and precision of the obtained detection result will be reduced, but also the repeatability and sensitivity of the detection process will be adversely affected, so that it is difficult for passive chromatography microfluidic chips to be widely used in different detection scenarios. 
     In addition, because the movement of the sample in the passive chromatography microfluidic chip needs to be achieved through the fluidity of the sample itself, when the passive chromatography microfluidic chip is used to detect and analyze a sample with a slow flow rate, the detection time required may usually be relatively long, and the possibility of sample failure is relatively great. Therefore, it is difficult to perform timely and effective detection on the sample, which may result in a decrease in the accuracy of the detection result. 
     At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a detection chip, and the detection chip includes a base substrate, a flow channel defining layer, and at least one driving electrode group. The at least one driving electrode group is located on the base substrate, and the flow channel defining layer is located on a side of the at least one driving electrode group away from the base substrate; the flow channel defining layer includes a flow channel structure, and the flow channel structure is configured to accommodate liquid; and each of the at least one driving electrode group includes a plurality of driving electrodes, and the plurality of driving electrodes are configured to contact the liquid and drive the liquid to move within the flow channel structure. 
     In the detection chip provided by the at least one embodiment of the present disclosure described above, the driving electrode is in contact with the liquid (that is, a sample to be detected) to drive the liquid to move within the flow channel structure, so that the flow process of the liquid in the flow channel structure can be actively controlled by the driving electrode, for example, the fluid volume or flow rate of the liquid in different regions can be accurately controlled, so as to accurately control the liquid to move regularly and quantitatively among different regions. Therefore, on the premise that the size and manufacturing cost of the detection chip are not increased, the detection chip provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can not only significantly shorten the detection time and reduce the detection cost, but also facilitate achieving the quantitative detection on the liquid, thereby improving the accuracy and precision of the detection result obtained by using the detection chip, and improving the repeatability and sensitivity of the detection process, so that the detection chip provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can be widely used in different detection scenarios. 
     Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the same reference numerals in different drawings are used to refer to the same described elements. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic planar diagram of a detection chip provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, and  FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a detection chip provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the detection chip  10  includes a base substrate  110 , a flow channel defining layer, and a plurality of driving electrode groups  130 . The driving electrode groups  130  are located on the base substrate  110 , and the flow channel defining layer is located on a side of the driving electrode groups  130  away from the base substrate  110 . The flow channel defining layer includes a flow channel structure  121 , and the flow channel structure  121  is configured to accommodate liquid. For example, the flow channel structure  121  is a hollow portion or a recessed portion of the flow channel defining layer. Each of the plurality of driving electrode groups  130  includes a plurality of driving electrodes, and the plurality of driving electrodes are configured to contact the liquid and drive the liquid to move within the flow channel structure  121 . 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the detection chip  10  further includes a mixing region  101 , a buffer region  102 , and a detection region  103 , which are arranged in sequence. The flow channel defining layer is located at least in the mixing region  101 , the buffer region  102 , and the detection region  103 , and the plurality of driving electrode groups  130  are configured to drive the liquid to sequentially pass through the mixing region  101 , the buffer region  102 , and the detection region  103 . 
     For example, the plurality of driving electrode groups  130  includes a first driving electrode group  131 , a second driving electrode group  132 , and a third driving electrode group  133 . The first driving electrode group  131  is located in the mixing region  101 , and a plurality of driving electrodes of the first driving electrode group  131  are configured to drive the liquid to move in the mixing region  101 . The second driving electrode group  132  is located in the buffer region  102 , and a plurality of driving electrodes of the second driving electrode group  132  are configured to drive the liquid to move in the buffer region  102 . The third driving electrode group  133  is located in the detection region  103 , and a plurality of driving electrodes of the third driving electrode group  133  are configured to drive the liquid to move in the detection region  103 . 
     Thus, the detection chip  10  can actively control the flow process of the liquid in the flow channel structure  121  through the driving electrodes in the first driving electrode group  131 , the second driving electrode group  132 , and the third driving electrode group  133 , for example, the detection chip  10  can accurately control the fluid volume or flow rate of the liquid in the mixing region  101 , the buffer region  102 , and the detection region  103 , respectively, so as to accurately control the liquid to move regularly and quantitatively among the mixing region  101 , the buffer region  102 , and the detection region  103 . 
     It should be noted that the detection chip  10  illustrated in  FIG. 1  includes the mixing region  101 , the buffer region  102 , and the detection region  103 , while in some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the detection chip may also include more or fewer functional regions, and the functional regions of the detection chip are not limited to the above types, that is, the functional regions of the detection chip may also be divided by other different methods, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     It should be noted that in the detection chip  10  provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first driving electrode group  131 , the second driving electrode group  132 , and the third driving electrode group  132  are correspondingly provided in the mixing region  101 , the buffer region  102 , and the detection region  103 , respectively. Alternatively, in some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the driving electrode group may also be correspondingly provided in only one or two of the mixing region  101 , the buffer region  102 , and the detection region  103 . Alternatively, in some other embodiments of the present disclosure, according to different practical requirements (for example, according to different functional regions included in the detection chip), the detection chip may also include one, two, four, or more driving electrode groups to drive the liquid to move within the flow channel structure. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the specific number of driving electrode groups included in the detection chip. 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the plurality of driving electrodes in each of the first driving electrode group  131 , the second driving electrode group  132 , and the third driving electrode group  133  include a first electrode and a second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode form an interdigital electrode structure to transmit an alternating current signal. For example, a surface of the first electrode and a surface of the second electrode away from the base substrate  110  are not covered by other films or layers, that is, are exposed in the flow channel structure  121 . When the liquid is in the flow channel structure  121 , the first electrode and the second electrode may be in direct contact with the liquid. Thus, the electro-hydrodynamic effect can be generated by the alternating electric field formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, so as to drive the liquid in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode to flow in the flow channel structure  121 , so that the flow of the liquid in the flow channel structure  121  can be actively and precisely controlled, thereby facilitating the quantitative detection on the liquid. 
     For example, when an alternating current signal is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode in each driving electrode group, an alternating electric field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. Furthermore, because the first electrode and the second electrode are in direct contact with the liquid in the flow channel structure, the electro-hydrodynamic effect is generated in the liquid in the flow channel structure under the action of the first electrode and the second electrode, so that the electro-hydrodynamic effect can be used to drive the liquid to move in the flow channel structure to achieve the active control of the flow process of the liquid. The electro-hydrodynamic effect includes an alternating current electro-osmosis effect and an alternating current electro-thermal effect. The alternating current electro-osmosis effect acts on the ions and the particles, which can be polarized, in the liquid on the surface of the electrode, and drives the liquid to move through the movement of the particles. The alternating current electro-thermal effect uses the conductive liquid to generate the Joule thermal effect, which changes the electrical properties of the liquid, so that net charges are generated in the liquid under the action of a non-uniform electric field, thereby inducing the electric field force to drive the liquid to move. For example, in the detection chip  10  provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, in the case where the conductivity of the liquid to be detected is high, the alternating current electro-thermal effect plays a leading role in driving the liquid; and in the case where the conductivity of the liquid to be detected is low, the alternating current electro-osmosis effect plays a leading role in driving the liquid. 
     For example, in the detection chip  10  provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, the arrangement of the plurality of driving electrodes in the first driving electrode group  131 , the arrangement of the plurality of driving electrodes in the second driving electrode group  132 , and the arrangement of the plurality of driving electrodes in the third driving electrode group  133  are the same. Alternatively, in some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the arrangement of the driving electrodes in each of the plurality of driving electrode groups may also be different from each other, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. The embodiments of the present disclosure are described by taking a case that the driving electrodes in each of the first driving electrode group  131 , the second driving electrode group  132 , and the third driving electrode group  133  are arranged in the same manner as an example, but this is not limitative to the embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present disclosure take the driving electrodes in the first driving electrode group  131  as an example to describe the arrangement of the driving electrodes in the driving electrode group. 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a partial planar structure of a driving electrode group of a detection chip provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example,  FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of the first driving electrode group  131  of the detection chip  10  illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 3 , the first driving electrode group  131  includes a first electrode  141  and a second electrode  142 , and the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142  form an interdigital electrode structure to transmit an alternating current signal. Thus, in the case where the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142  are applied with an alternating current signal having a certain frequency and a certain amplitude, an alternating electric field is formed between the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142 , thereby generating an electro-hydrodynamic effect to drive the liquid in the flow channel structure  121  to move. 
     For example, the first electrode  141  includes a plurality of first comb-shaped teeth  143 , and the second electrode  142  includes a plurality of second comb-shaped teeth  144 . The plurality of first comb-shaped teeth  143  are alternately arranged with the plurality of second comb-shaped teeth  144  in an extending direction R 2  of the flow channel structure  121 , so that the alternating current signal can be transmitted between the first comb-shaped tooth  143  and the second comb-shaped tooth  144  which are adjacent. 
     For example, in the extending direction R 2  of the flow channel structure  121 , a width D 1  of the first comb-shaped tooth  143  is different from a width D 2  of the second comb-shaped tooth  144 , so that the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142  form an asymmetric interdigital electrode structure, thereby enhancing the effect of the alternating electric field formed between the first comb-shaped tooth  143  and the second comb-shaped tooth  144  which are adjacent, and facilitating generating the phenomenon of electro-hydrodynamic effect. 
     For example, in the extending direction R 2  of the flow channel structure  121 , the width D 1  of the first comb-shaped tooth  143  is smaller than the width D 2  of the second comb-shaped tooth  144 , and a distance between adjacent first comb-shaped teeth  143  is greater than a distance between adjacent second comb-shaped teeth  144 . 
     For example, in the extending direction R 2  of the flow channel structure  121 , the width D 1  of the first comb-shaped tooth  143  may be set to be 2 μm to 20 μm, and the width D 2  of the second comb-shaped tooth  144  may be set to be 10 μm to 100 μm. 
     For example, the width D 2  of the second comb-shaped tooth  144  can be set to be about 5 times the width D 1  of the first comb-shaped tooth  143 , and a distance between the first comb-shaped tooth  143  and the second comb-shaped tooth  144  which are adjacent may be equal to the width D 1  of the first comb-shaped tooth  143  or the width D 2  of the second comb-shaped tooth  144 . 
     For example, the materials of the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142  include an inert metal material. For example, the materials of the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142  may be stable metal materials such as gold, platinum, etc., so as to reduce or prevent the reaction between the liquid and the first electrode  141  as well as the second electrode  142  (for example, being corroded by the liquid), and further improve the accuracy and precision of the obtained detection result. 
     For example, in some other embodiments, non-inert metal materials (such as magnesium, aluminum, iron, tin, etc.) may also be used to manufacture the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142 . In this case, for example, an inert metal protective layer may be formed on the surface of the first electrode  141  and the surface of the second electrode  142  by methods such as electroplating, deposition, or the like. 
     For example, the height of the first electrode  141  and the height of the second electrode  142  in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate  110  may be 50 nm to 200 nm, so that it is convenient to manufacture the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142  directly on the base substrate  110 . 
     For example, the base substrate  110  may be made of glass, silicon, or the like, and the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142  may be directly formed on the surface of the base substrate  110  through a semiconductor micromachining process, so that the height of the first electrode  141  and the height of the second electrode  142  can be formed substantially the same, thereby forming a flat, uniform, and stable electrode film layer. 
     It should be noted that the arrangement and effect of the driving electrodes in the second driving electrode group  132  and the arrangement and effect of the driving electrodes in the third driving electrode group  133  may be referred to the above-mentioned description of the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142  in the first driving electrode group  131 , and details are not described herein again. 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , an orthographic projection of the flow channel structure  121  on the base substrate  110  is located in an orthographic projection of the plurality of driving electrodes on the base substrate  110  in the first direction R 1 , and the first direction R 1  is perpendicular to the extending direction R 2  of the flow channel structure  121 . Therefore, the liquid at any position in the flow channel structure  121  can directly contact the driving electrode, thereby further improving the driving effect of the plurality of driving electrodes on the liquid in the flow channel structure  121 , and achieving the effective control of the movement of the liquid in the flow channel structure  121 . 
     For example, taking the first driving electrode group  131  as an example, in the mixing region  101 , an orthographic projection of the flow channel structure  121  on the base substrate  110  is located in an orthographic projection of the first electrode  141  and an orthographic projection of the second electrode  142  on the base substrate  110  in the first direction R 1 , so that the liquid at any position in the mixing region  101  can directly contact the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142 , thereby improving the driving effect of the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142  on the liquid in the mixing region  101 , and achieving the effective control of the liquid flowing through the mixing region  101 . 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the flow channel structure  121  includes a first flow channel portion  151 , a second flow channel portion  152 , and a third flow channel portion  153  which are connected in sequence. The first flow channel portion  151  is located in the mixing region  101  and is configured to allow the liquid to be mixed with a reaction reagent located in the first flow channel portion  151 . The second flow channel portion  152  is located in the buffer region  102 . The third flow channel portion  153  is located in the detection region  103  and is configured to allow to perform optical detection on the liquid at at least one detection point (for example, a first detection point DP 1 , a second detection point DP 2 , and a third detection point DP 3 ) in the third flow channel portion  153 . 
     For example, a shape of a cross section of the first flow channel portion  151  on a plane parallel to the base substrate  110  is a rhombus, so that the area of the first flow channel portion  151  can be increased to enable the liquid to be fully mixed and reacted with the reaction reagent in the first flow channel portion  151 , thereby improving the accuracy and precision of the obtained detection result. 
     For example, the reaction reagent is pre-embedded in the first flow channel portion  151 , and the reaction reagent may be a labeled antibody. For example, the liquid injected into the flow channel structure  121  may be a sample solution to be detected, and the sample solution to be detected contains emulsions, body fluids, blood, or the like of humans or animals. For example, the electrical signal applied to the driving electrodes (for example, the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142 ) of the first driving electrode group  131  may be adjusted to promote the combination of the liquid and the labeled antibody, thereby increasing the combination quantity of the liquid and the labeled antibody, so that the detection of the index or item data of the liquid in the subsequent process can be more accurate and precise. For example, the electrical signal applied to the driving electrodes of the first driving electrode group  131  may further be adjusted to enable the liquid to move backwards and forwards in the first flow channel portion  151 , thereby increasing the combination rate of the liquid and the labeled antibody. 
     For example, the side length of the rhombus shape of the first flow channel portion  151  may be set to be 1 mm to 10 mm, and the depth of the first flow channel portion  151  (that is, the height in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate  110 ) may be set to be 0.02 mm to 1 mm. 
     For example, in the mixing region  101 , the two sides of the first flow channel portion  151  in the extending direction R 2  of the flow channel structure  121  are respectively connected to the second flow channel portion  152  and the sample inlet  122  (described later in detail) through connection portions, and the size design of the connection portion may be the same as that of the second flow channel portion  152 . For example, the width (that is, the size in the first direction R 1 ) of the connection portion may be set to be 1 mm to 10 mm, and the length (that is, the size in the extending direction R 2  of the flow channel structure  121 ) may be set to be 1 mm to 2 mm. For example, the first flow channel portion  151  is connected with the second flow channel portion  152  and the sample inlet  122 , respectively, and the liquid can enter the first flow channel portion  151  from the sample inlet  122  and then move to the second flow channel portion  152 . 
     It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the specific size of the first flow channel portion  151  and the specific size of the corresponding connection portion may be determined according to the quantity of the sample of the liquid to be detected, and the specific size of the first flow channel portion  151  is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     It should be noted that in some other embodiments of the present disclosure, according to the actual different structures of the detection chip  10 , the first flow channel portion  151  may also be set to be circular, square, elliptical, hexagonal, trapezoidal, or in other regular or irregular shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, the second flow channel portion  152  can buffer the liquid before the liquid enters the third flow channel portion  153 , thereby ensuring the stability of the liquid entering the third flow channel portion  153 , and further improving the accuracy and precision of the detection result obtained in the subsequent process. 
     For example, the width (that is, the size in the first direction R 1 ) of the second flow channel portion  152  may be set to be 1 mm to 10 mm, the length (that is, the size in the extending direction R 2  of the flow channel structure  121 ) of the second flow channel portion  152  may be set to be 10 mm to 20 mm, and the depth of the second flow channel portion  152  may be set to be 0.02 mm to 1 mm. 
     It should be noted that the specific shape and size of the second flow channel portion  152  can be determined according to the actual different structures of the detection chip  10  and the quantity of the sample of the liquid to be detected, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, the detection chip  10  further includes a detection reagent, and the detection reagent is provided at the first detection point DP 1 , the second detection point DP 2 , and the third detection point DP 3  in the third flow channel portion  153 . When the liquid flows through the first detection point DP 1 , the second detection point DP 2 , and the third detection point DP 3 , the liquid reacts with the detection reagent, and then a certain index or item data of the liquid can be obtained by performing optical detection on the first detection point DP 1 , the second detection point DP 2 , and the third detection point DP 3 . 
     For example, when performing optical detection on the first detection point DP 1 , the second detection point DP 2 , and the third detection point DP 3 , common detection methods in the biological detection field can be used, such as color change detection, absorbance detection, fluorescence intensity detection, chemiluminescence intensity detection, etc., and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, in the detection chip  10  provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, different detection reagents may be pre-embedded at the first detection point DP 1 , the second detection point DP 2 , and the third detection point DP 3 , respectively, so that different indexes or item data of the liquid can be detected separately, thereby shortening the detection period of the liquid, and achieving the timely and simultaneous detection of multiple indexes and item data of the liquid. 
     For example, the detection reagent pre-embedded at the first detection point DP 1 , the second detection point DP 2 , and the third detection point DP 3  may be a capture antibody. For example, the electrical signal applied to the driving electrodes of the third driving electrode group  133  can be adjusted to promote the combination of the liquid and the capture antibody, thereby increasing the combination quantity of the liquid and the capture antibody, and improving the accuracy and precision of the obtained detection result. 
     It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the distance between adjacent detection points and the specific size of the detection point. For example, the distance among the first detection point DP 1 , the second detection point DP 2 , and the third detection point DP 3  may be set according to the requirements of the optical detection instrument that implements the optical detection. For example, the distance between adjacent detection points may be set to be 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, in the detection chip  10  provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, three detection points, that is, the first detection point DP 1 , the second detection point DP 2 , and the third detection point DP 3 , are provided in the third flow channel portion  153 . In some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of detection points in the third flow channel portion may also be set according to different actual needs, for example, the number of detection points in the third flow channel portion may be set according to the count of indexes or item data of the liquid to be detected, etc., and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, the width (that is, the size in the first direction R 1 ) of the third flow channel portion  153  may be set to be 1 mm to 10 mm, the length (that is, the size in the extending direction R 2  of the flow channel structure  121 ) of the third flow channel portion  153  may be set to be 10 mm to 40 mm, and the depth of the third flow channel portion  153  may be set to be 0.02 mm to 1 mm. 
     It should be noted that the specific shape and size of the third flow channel portion  153  may be determined according to the actual different structures of the detection chip  10  and the quantity of the sample of the liquid to be detected, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the flow channel defining layer further includes a sample inlet  122 , and the sample inlet  122  is located outside the mixing region  101 , the buffer region  102 , and the detection region  103  and is connected to the first flow channel portion  151  located in the mixing region  101 . For example, the sample inlet  122  may be connected with the first flow channel portion  151  through a corresponding connection portion. 
     For example, the sample inlet  122  may be in a shape of circle as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , and for example, the diameter of the circle may be set to be 1 mm to 10 mm. Alternatively, in some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the sample inlet  122  may also be set to other different shapes or sizes, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, the sample inlet  122  can be used to add the liquid to be detected. For example, the liquid in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be a sample to be detected, such as the breast milk, body fluid, blood, or the like. 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the flow channel defining layer further includes a liquid storage portion  123 , and the liquid storage portion  123  is located outside the mixing region  101 , the buffer region  102 , and the detection region  103  and is connected with the third flow channel portion  153  located in the detection region  103 . 
     For example, the liquid storage portion  123  may be in a shape of square as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , and for example, the side length of the square may be set to be 5 mm to 20 mm. Alternatively, in some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the liquid storage portion  123  may also be set to other different shapes or sizes, as long as the liquid storage portion can contain sufficient waste liquid (i.e., excess liquid), and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, the first flow channel portion  151 , the second flow channel portion  152 , and the third flow channel portion  153  form a liquid movement channel. The liquid movement channel allows the liquid to move along a movement path of a straight-line shape, thereby facilitating the driving electrode to more accurately and precisely control the liquid to move in the flow channel structure  121 . 
     For example, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the material of the flow channel defining layer of the detection chip  10  may be polymer plastic, such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), etc., or may also be other bio-chip materials with properties such as good biocompatibility, good light transmission, high smoothness, high flatness, or the like, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, the flow channel structure  121  may be integrally formed by an injection molding process, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the detection chip  10  and reducing the difference between the detection chips  10  of different batches. For example, the flow channel structure  121  may also be processed in the flow channel defining layer by etching or the like, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, the base substrate  110  may be made of materials such as glass, silicon, or the like, and the driving electrodes may be directly formed on the surface of the base substrate  110  through a semiconductor micromachining process. 
     For example, the base substrate  110  and the flow channel defining layer may be bonded together through such as photosensitive adhesive (UV adhesive) curing, so as to prevent the liquid in the flow channel structure  121  from leaking out. 
     For example, the shape of the detection chip  10  provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure is designed to be a rectangle, and the overall size of the detection chip  10  may be, for example, about 100 mm by 30 mm. In some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the size of the detection chip may also be adjusted according to different practical detection requirements (such as the amount of liquid to be detected), and the detection chip may also be designed in other different shapes, such as a circle, a regular hexagon, and other regular shapes or irregular shapes, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of another detection chip provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the other structures of the detection chip  20  illustrated in  FIG. 4  except for a cover plate  240  are basically the same as or similar to those of the detection chip  10  illustrated in  FIG. 1 , and details will not be repeated herein. 
     For example, the detection chip  20  further includes a cover plate  240 , and the cover plate  240  is located on a side of the flow channel defining layer away from the driving electrode groups  230  (for example, including the first driving electrode group  231 , the second driving electrode group  232 , and the third driving electrode group  233 ), so that the liquid in the flow channel structure can be sealed by the cover plate  240  and the base substrate  210 , thereby reducing or avoiding possible adverse effects of the external environment on the liquid in the flow channel structure, and further improving the accuracy and precision of the detection result. 
     For example, the cover plate  240  and the flow channel defining layer can be bonded together through such as photosensitive adhesive (UV adhesive) curing. For example, the flow channel structure is a hollow portion in the flow channel defining layer, and therefore the flow channel structure between the cover plate  240  and the base substrate  210  is formed as a closed cavity, thereby preventing liquid leakage. For example, the cover plate  240  may be made of glass, silicon, or the like, and the material of the cover plate  240  may be the same as or different from that of the base substrate  110 . 
     Hereinafter, taking the detection chip  10  illustrated in  FIG. 1  as an example, a method for driving, through the driving electrode, the liquid in the flow channel structure  121  to move will be described. 
     For example, the liquid to be detected, after being filtered, enters the flow channel structure  121  through the sample inlet  122 . After the liquid is injected through the sample inlet  122 , the driving electrodes (for example, the first electrode  141  and the second electrode  142 ) of the first driving electrode group  131  are applied with electrical signals, so that an alternating electric field is formed between the driving electrodes of the first driving electrode group  131  to transmit the alternating current signal, and thus the generated electro-hydrodynamic effect is used to drive the liquid to move in the first flow channel portion  151 , that is, to promote the liquid to move in the mixing region  101 . 
     For example, after the liquid enters the mixing region  101 , the magnitude of the electrical signal applied to the driving electrodes of the first driving electrode group  131  may be adjusted to promote the mixing and reaction of the liquid with the reaction reagent in the first flow channel portion  151 , thereby enabling the liquid to be fully combined with the reaction reagent and improving the accuracy and precision of the index or item data of the liquid detected in the subsequent process. 
     For example, the range of the amplitude of the electrical signal applied to the driving electrodes of the first driving electrode group  131  may be 1 V to 10 V, and the frequency may be 1 Hz to 100 kHz. It should be noted that the specific values of the amplitude and frequency of the applied electrical signal may be determined according to the properties of the liquid and the material of the driving electrodes, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, after the liquid stays in the mixing region  101  for a period of time and is fully combined with the reaction reagent in the first flow channel portion  151 , the driving electrodes of the second driving electrode group  132  are applied with electrical signals, so that an alternating electric field is formed between the driving electrodes of the second driving electrode group  132  to transmit the alternating current signal, and thus the generated electro-hydrodynamic effect is used to drive the liquid to move in the second flow channel portion  152 , that is, to promote the liquid to move in the buffer region  102 . 
     For example, after the liquid stays in the buffer region  102  for a period of time and reaches a stable state, the driving electrodes of the third driving electrode group  133  are applied with electrical signals, so that an alternating electric field is formed between the driving electrodes of the third driving electrode group  133  to transmit the alternating current signal, and thus the generated electro-hydrodynamic effect is used to drive the liquid to move in the third flow channel portion  153 , that is, to promote the liquid to move in the detection region  103 . 
     For example, after the liquid enters the detection region  103 , the magnitude of the electrical signal applied to the driving electrodes of the third driving electrode group  133  may be adjusted to drive the liquid to sequentially pass through the first detection point DP 1 , the second detection point DP 2 , and the third detection point DP 3 , and to promote the liquid to be mixed and reacted with the detection reagents pre-embedded at the first detection point DP 1 , the second detection point DP 2 , and the third detection point DP 3 , so that the liquid can be fully combined with the detection reagents, and the accuracy and precision of the obtained detection result can be improved. 
     For example, after the liquid stays in the detection region  103  for a period of time and is fully combined with the detection reagents, the excess liquid that is not combined with the detection reagents is driven to move into the liquid storage portion  123 , and then such as the optical detection instrument is used to perform optical detection on the first detection point DP 1 , the second detection point DP 2 , and the third detection point DP 3  in the detection region  103 , so as to obtain the index or item data of the liquid to be detected, and achieve the quantification detection of the liquid. 
     It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, in the case where the liquid needs to be moved from one region to another region, for example, when the liquid moves from the mixing region  101  to the buffer region  102 , the electrical signals may be applied to the driving electrodes of the first driving electrode group  131  and the driving electrodes of the second driving electrode group  132  at the same time to drive the liquid to move from the mixing region  101  to the buffer region  102 . 
     At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a detection system, and the detection system includes the detection chip provided by any one of the embodiments of the present disclosure, such as the detection chip  10  or the detection chip  20  in the above embodiments. 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic block diagram of a detection system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, and  FIG. 6  is a schematic structural diagram of a detection system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 6 , the detection system  30  includes a detection chip  31 , a control device  32 , and a chip mounting structure  33 . 
     For example, the detection chip  31  may be the detection chip  10  or the detection chip  20  in the above-mentioned embodiments. The specific structure and function of the detection chip  31  may be referred to the description of the detection chip  10  or the detection chip  20  in the above-mentioned embodiments, and details are not described herein again. 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the chip mounting structure  33  includes a signal application electrode  331 , the chip mounting structure  33  is configured to mount the detection chip  31 , and in the case where the detection chip  31  is mounted on the chip mounting structure  33 , the signal application electrode  331  is electrically connected to the plurality of driving electrodes in each of the at least one driving electrode group of the detection chip  31 . For example, the signal application electrode  331  may be electrically connected to the driving electrodes in each of a group consisting of the first driving electrode group  131 , the second driving electrode group  132 , and the third driving electrode group  133  of the detection chip  10  illustrated in  FIG. 1 , so that the driving electrodes of each driving electrode group can transmit the alternating current signal. 
     For example, the chip mounting structure  33  may also include components such as a support base, a clamping device, a clamp, etc., so that the detection chip  31  can be mounted, and the relative position of the detection chip  31  and the chip mounting structure  33  can be fixed. For example, in some examples, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the chip mounting structure  33  has a groove, and the detection chip  31  may be installed in the groove of the chip mounting structure  33 . For example, when the detection chip  31  is mounted on the chip mounting structure  33 , the signal application electrode  331  and the driving electrode in the detection chip  31  are electrically connected by methods of such as contacting or the like, so as to achieve the transmission of electrical signals. 
     For example, the control device  32  is configured to apply an electrical signal to the plurality of driving electrodes in each of the at least one driving electrode group through the signal application electrode  331 , so as to drive the liquid to move and adjust a movement rate of the liquid. For example, the control device  32  applies the alternating current signal to the driving electrodes of the driving electrode group through the signal application electrode  331 , so that the alternating electric field can be formed among the driving electrodes in each driving electrode group, and furthermore, the liquid in contact with the driving electrodes generates the electro-hydrodynamic effect under the action of the alternating electric field to move, thereby achieving the active control of the liquid in the flow channel structure of the detection chip  31 . For example, the control device  32  is in electrical connection or signal connection with the signal application electrode  331 , so as to transmit the electrical signal. For example, the control device  32  may be provided on the chip mounting structure  33  or may be provided outside the chip mounting structure  33 , and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
     For example, the control device  32  may be implemented as any suitable circuit or chip, or may be implemented as a combination of software, hardware, or firmware, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this aspect. 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic block diagram of another detection system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the other structures of the detection system  40  illustrated in  FIG. 7  except for an optical detection device  44  are basically the same as or similar to those of the detection system  30  illustrated in  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 6 , and details are not described herein again. 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the detection system  40  includes a detection chip  41 , a control device  42 , a chip mounting structure  43  (including a signal application electrode  431 ), and an optical detection device  44 . The optical detection device  44  is configured to perform optical detection on the liquid at the at least one detection point in the detection region of the detection chip  41  mounted on the chip mounting structure  43 , thereby obtaining at least one index or item data of the liquid to be detected, so as to achieve the detection function. 
     For example, the optical detection device  44  may include a light source  441  and a photoelectric detection device  442 . The light source  441  is configured to emit light to the detection point of the detection chip  41 , and the photoelectric detection device  442  is configured to receive the light emitted by the light source  441  and reflected by the detection chip  41 . For example, the photoelectric detection device  442  can compare the intensity of the light reflected by the detection chip  41  with the intensity of the light emitted by the light source  441 , so as to determine the presence or concentration of the object to be detected in the liquid based on, for example, the value of the absorbance obtained through detection, thereby achieving the detection of the index or item data of the liquid. For example, the photoelectric detection device  442  may be a photodiode, and the photodiode can convert the received light signal into an electrical signal, so that the intensity of the received light can be determined according to the change of the electrical parameter in the electrical signal (such as the change of the current, etc.), thereby determining the specific value of the absorbance. 
     The specific descriptions and technical effects of the detection system provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may be referred to the corresponding contents of the detection chip provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, for example, may be referred to the corresponding content of the detection chip  10  or the detection chip  20  in the above-mentioned embodiments, and details are not described herein again. 
     For the present disclosure, the following statements should be noted: 
     (1) The accompanying drawings related to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure involve only the structure(s) in connection with the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, and other structure(s) can be referred to common design(s). 
     (2) In case of no conflict, features in one embodiment or in different embodiments can be combined to obtain new embodiments. 
     What have been described above merely are specific implementations of the present disclosure, and the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The protection scope of the present disclosure should be based on the protection scope of the claims.