Patent Publication Number: US-7714158-B2

Title: Ibandronate polymorph

Description:
PRIORITY TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of European Application No. 05100686.4, filed Feb. 1, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     The present invention relates to a new polymorph crystal form of 3-(N-methyl-N-pentyl) amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid monosodium salt monohydrate (Ibandronate) with the following formula 
                         
and a process for its preparation.
 
     Ibandronate is one of the most potent anti-resorptive drugs that directly inhibit osteoclast activity and present an effective pharmacologic alternative for controlling hypercalcemia. Ibandronate binds to hydroxyapatite in calcified bone, rendering it resistant to hydrolytic dissolution by phosphatases, thereby inhibiting both normal and abnormal bone resorption. This drug increases bone mass and decreases the risk of fractures and is therefore particularly well adapted to bone and calcium metabolic diseases such as for instance osteoporosis or Paget&#39;s disease (EP-A 0252504) 
     It has been found that Ibandronate may exist in various polymorphs. 
     One polymorph of Ibandronate hereinafter also designated as polymorph A was identified as being thermodynamically more stable, whereas a second polymorph of Ibandronate, hereinafter also designated as polymorph B, is easier to separate within the production process. 
     The ability of a substance to exist in more than one crystal form is defined as polymorphism and these different crystal forms are known as “polymorph modifications” or “polymorphs”. Polymorphism can influence many aspects of solid state properties of a drug. Different crystal modifications of a substance may differ considerably from one to another in different physical properties which may influence directly their solubility for instance. Polymorphism is found in several organic compounds. 
     An exhaustive treatment of polymorphism in pharmaceutical and molecular crystals is given e.g. by H. G. Brittain in  Polymorphism in Pharmaceutical Solids , H. G Brittain or, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1999 and in  Solid - State Chemistry of Drugs , SSCI Inc., West Lafayette; Ind., 1999 
     Object of the present invention is to specifically isolate and characterize Ibandronate polymorph A and to develop a process for the preparation of Ibandronate polymorph A. 
     The object has been achieved with the identification of crystalline polymorph A of Ibandronate and with a process for its preparation as claimed in the present invention. 
     Unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions are set forth to define the meaning and scope of the various terms used and described in the description. 
     The term “Ibandronate polymorph A” refers to the polymorph crystal form of 3-(N-methyl-N-pentyl) amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid monosodium salt monohydrate as defined in claims and description of the present invention. 
     The term “crystalline polymorph” refers to a crystal modification which can be characterized by analytical methods such as e.g. X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. 
     The term IR means infrared. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 
         FIG. 1 : shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A as obtained in example 1. 
         FIG. 2 : shows an IR-spectrum of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A 
         FIG. 3 : shows a Raman spectrum of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A 
         FIG. 4 : shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B as obtained in Ref. example 2. 
         FIG. 5 : shows an IR-spectrum of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B 
         FIG. 6 : shows a Raman spectrum of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B. 
     
    
    
     The crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A of the present invention can be characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks expressed in angle 2-theta at approximately: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Angle 2-theta 
                 Intensity [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 10.2° 
                 0.6 
               
               
                   
                 11.5° 
                 0.7 
               
               
                   
                 15.7° 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 19.4° 
                 1.9 
               
               
                   
                 26.3° 
                 3.3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Angle 2-theta includes an uncertainty of ±0.2 (expressed in degrees), 2-theta represent the reflection angle according to the Bragg law. A reflection at a glancing angle θ gives rise to a reflection at an angle 2θ to the direction of the incident beam. 
     The crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A as described above can further be characterized by the x-ray powder diffraction pattern as shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     The crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A can furthermore be characterized by its IR absorption spectrum having characteristic peaks expressed in cm −1  at approximately: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Bands [cm −1 ] 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 3678 
               
               
                 3164 
               
               
                 2854 
               
               
                 1377 
               
               
                 1288 
               
               
                 1157 
               
               
                 1094 
               
               
                 1069 
               
               
                 1035 
               
               
                 966 
               
               
                 951 
               
               
                 933 
               
               
                 903 
               
               
                 760 
               
               
                 723 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The term approximately means in this context that the cm −1  value can vary by about ±4 cm −1 . 
     The crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A can further be characterized by the IR absorption spectrum shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     The crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A as described above can furthermore be described by Raman vibrational spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum has the following characteristic bands expressed in cm −1  at approximately: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Bands [cm −1 ] 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 2950 
               
               
                 2927 
               
               
                 2889 
               
               
                 2851 
               
               
                 1460 
               
               
                 1443 
               
               
                 1308 
               
               
                 1137 
               
               
                 1056 
               
               
                 1024 
               
               
                 954 
               
               
                 904 
               
               
                 839 
               
               
                 761 
               
               
                 678 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The term approximately means in this context that the cm −1  value can vary by ±8 cm −1 . 
     The crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A can further be characterized by the Raman spectrum shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     The crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A described above is further characterized by a solubility in water of about 278 g/l at 25° C. 
     The process according to the present invention is characterized by a crystallization of 3-(N-methyl-N-pentyl) amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid monosodium salt or a monohydrate, a polymorph or a mixture of polymorphs at a temperature of 50° C. to 70° C. in a polar solvent. 
     Water may be used as the polar solvent for crystallization. 
     Preferably the crystallization takes place in water at a temperature of about 60° C. 
     A polar aprotic solvent may be added for inducing the crystallization. 
     A suitable polar aprotic solvent is acetone. 
     Expediently the crystallization temperature is maintained for about 15 minutes to about 120 minutes. 
     Starting product for the process of the present invention can either be 3-(N-methyl-N-pentyl) amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid monosodium salt e.g. obtained from a process as outlined in reference example 1, or crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B e.g. obtained according to reference example 2, or from a mixture of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B with crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A. 
     The starting product can either be dissolved in the polar solvent at about room temperature and then be warmed to the crystallization temperature or alternatively be dissolved at a higher temperature and then be cooled to the crystallization temperature as indicated above. 
     Ethanol residues which may be present from the manufacturing process (according to reference example 1) can easily be removed by known methods e.g. by distilling the ethanol off as azeotrope. 
     Crystallization occurs spontaneously but can also be initiated by addition of crystals of Ibandronate polymorph A. 
     The crystal suspension so obtained is generally cooled under stirring until crystallization is complete before the filtration takes place. 
     The whole crystallization process may be controlled regarding temperature, heating and cooling periods with equipment common to the skilled practitioner. 
     Separation of the desired polymorph can be effected by common filtration techniques. As a rule the precipitate is washed with the polar solvent used for the crystallization, preferably with a mixture of water and acetone in a ratio of about 1:1 (V/V). 
     Drying of the crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A preferably happens at a temperature from 40° C. to 80° C. for about 9 hours to 72 hours either at normal or at reduced pressure. 
     The crystalline Ibandronate polymorph according to the present invention can be obtained with a content of the crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A of at least 80%. 
     Alternatively the crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A can be obtained by tempering a moist 3-(N-methyl-N-pentyl)amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid monosodium salt e.g. obtained from a process as outlined in reference example 1, or a crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B e.g. obtained according to reference example 2, or from a mixture of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B with crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A at a temperature of 30° C. to 90° C. 
     Ethanol residues which may be present from the manufacturing process (according to reference example 1) can easily be removed by known methods e.g. by distilling the ethanol off as azeotrope. 
     The term “moist” in this context means that the starting products contain some, as a rule about 10% water. 
     The crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A of the present invention can be used as a pharmaceutically active compound which acts as an efficient anti-resorptive drug that directly inhibits osteoclasts activity and thus also increases bone mass. Accordingly this polymorph can be used for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are associated with bone and calcium metabolic diseases such as for instance osteoporosis or Paget&#39;s disease. 
     The invention therefore also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A as defined above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or adjuvant. 
     The invention also encompasses a crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A as described above for use as therapeutically active substances. 
     The following examples serve as illustration of the invention. 
     EXAMPLES 
     X-Ray Powder Diffraction Measurement 
     The x-ray powder diffraction patterns of the individual crystalline Ibandronate polymorphs A and B were recorded with a Bruker D8 Advance AXS diffractometry (geometry: Bragg-Brentano; radiation: CuKα in the angle range 2θ=2° to 40°; Cu secondary monochromator; step scan with 0.02° and a measuring time of e.g. 4.0 s per step). The samples weighing approximately 500 mg were prepared into carrier wells and exposed to CuKα radiation. Radiation diffracted at the lattice levels is converted into electronic signals by a scintillation counter and processed by the software package “Diffrac plus”. The x-ray powder diffraction patterns of the individual crystalline Ibandronate polymorphs A and B are shown in  FIGS. 1 and 4 . 
     IR Measurement Method 
     The IR spectra of the individual crystalline Ibandronate polymorphs A and B were recorded as film of Nujol suspension consisting of approx. 15 mg of sample in approx. 15 mg of Nujol between two sodium chloride plates. Measurements were carried out with an FT-IR spectrometer (IFS55 (Bruker) or equivalent instrument) in transmittance mode (resolution 4 cm −1 , detector: DTGS). The IR spectra of the individual crystalline Ibandronate polymorphs A and B are shown in  FIGS. 2 and 5 . 
     Raman Measurement Method 
     The Raman spectra of the individual crystalline Ibandronate polymorphs A and B were recorded as sample of about 20 mg of the powder and were filled into a glass tube (shortened NMR tube). The samples were measured with the FT-Raman of Nicolet coupled to a Magna 860 (Nicolet) in 90° scattering arrangement, detector: InGaAs. Measurement parameters resolution 8 cm −1 ; laser power 0.95 W, No of scan 300. The FT-Raman spectra of the individual crystalline Ibandronate polymorphs A and B are shown in  FIGS. 3 and 6 . 
     Solubility Measurement 
     The solubility of the individual crystalline Ibandronate polymorphs A and B was measured for various solutions. Approximately 10 g of the corresponding polymorph A or B were suspended in three different buffer solutions at pH 2, pH 4 (Titrisol-buffer, citrate/HCl), at pH 7 (methenamine buffer, HCl) or in water. The suspension was stirred for 24 hours at 25° C. and was kept additionally 24 hours without stirring at the same temperature. Solubility was calculated by titration according to the following method. 
     The residue was filtered, 2 ml of the filtrate taken, 5 ml of Titriplex III solution were added and diluted with water to 100 ml. 2 ml of this solution were added to approximately 0.1 ml of xylenol orange indicator and the pH was adjusted to 6.5 by adding small portions of methenamine buffer solution or 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. The solution is titrated immediately with Th-DCTA-xylenol orange complex until the color changes from yellow to reddish-violet. The endpoint is determined photometrically. 
     Results are gathered in the following table 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Polymorph A 
                 Polymorph B 
               
               
                   
                 solubility in [g/l] 
                 solubility in [g/l]* 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 pH 2 
                 280 
                 274 
               
               
                 pH 4 
                 276 
                 278 
               
               
                 pH 7 
                 292 
                 299 
               
               
                 water 
                 278 
                 279 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *under at least partial conversion to polymorph A 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Reference Example 1 
     Preparation of 3-(N-methyl-N-pentyl)amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid monosodium salt 
     250 g (1.19 mol) N-methyl-N-pentyl-β-alanine hydrochloride, 233 g (2.84 mol) phosphorous acid, 151 ml (1.65 mol) phosphorous oxychloride and 900 ml diethyl carbonate were heated stepwise to 80° C. After 2 hours reaction time under continued heating the mixture was cooled to 60° C. and 1733 ml demineralized water were added, followed by azeotropic distillation of diethyl carbonate/water at 90 to 101° C. 358 ml demineralized water were added, the mixture was refluxed and water was distilled off. 316 ml demineralized water were added and water was distilled off twice. Finally 2040 ml demineralized water were added and the residue was cooled to 24° C. The pH was adjusted at 23° C. with sodium hydroxide solution (50%) to 4.4. Thereafter, 1100 ml ethanol were added to start crystallization. The suspension was stirred for 8 hours at 21 to 22° C. Then the solid was separated, washed with 344 ml cold ethanol/demineralized water (7/5 V/V), subsequently with 344 ml acetone/demineralized water (5/2 V/V) and dried at 60° C. 315.6 g (73.7%) of the title product were obtained in the form of colorless crystals. 
     Assay (complexometric titration): 100.6% (calculated on the anhydrous and solvent free basis) Residual solvents: 2.3% ethanol (GC) 
     3.9% water (KF) 
     Reference Example 2 
     Preparation of Crystalline Ibandronate Polymorph B 
     55 g of 3-(N-methyl-N-pentyl)amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid monosodium salt (obtained according to reference example 1) were dissolved in 240 ml demineralized water. 75 ml water were distilled off. After filtration, the remaining solution was brought to 35° C. and 190 ml acetone were added in 20 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled until ≦25° C. under stirring, up to the complete crystallization. The product was separated and washed with a mixture of acetone/demineralized water in a ratio of 1:1 (V/V). The product was dried in vacuum from 150 to 20 mbar for 12 hours at 40° C. and 24 hours at 60° C. 
     Yield: 81% 
     Identified with x-ray powder diffraction as crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B. ( FIG. 4 ) 
     Example 1 
     Preparation of Crystalline Ibandronate Polymorph A 
     150 g of 3-(N-methyl-N-pentyl)amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid monosodium salt (obtained according to reference example 1) were dissolved in 390 ml demineralized water at about 70-90° C. 205 ml water were distilled off. After filtration the solution was cooled to 60° C. and stirred for 45 minutes. Crystallization was initiated by means of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A. After crystallization the suspension was cooled to about 20-25° C. under stirring until the crystallization was complete. The product was separated and washed with a mixture of 50 ml acetone/demineralized water in a ratio of 1:1 (V/V). The product was dried for 48 hours in a vacuum from 150 to 20 mbar at 60° C. 
     Yield: 75% 
     Identified with x-ray powder diffraction as crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A. ( FIG. 1 ) Assay (complexometric titration): 101.0% (calculated on the anhydrous and solvent free basis) 
     Example 2 
     Preparation of Crystalline Ibandronate Polymorph A 
     150 g of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B (obtained according to reference example 2) were dissolved in 185 ml demineralized water at about 90° C. The solution was then cooled to 60° C. and stirred for 30 min. Crystallization was initiated by means of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A. The suspension was cooled to about 20-25° C. until the crystallization was complete. The product was separated and washed with a mixture of 50 ml acetone/demineralized water in a ratio of 1:1 (V/V). The product was dried for 48 hours in vacuum from 150 to 20 mbar at 60° C. 
     Yield: 80% 
     Identified with x-ray powder diffraction as crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A. ( FIG. 1 ) 
     Example 3 
     Preparation of Crystalline Ibandronate Polymorph A 
     150 g of 3-(N-methyl-N-pentyl)amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid monosodium salt (obtained according to reference example 1), were dissolved in 390 ml demineralized water at about 70-90° C. 205 ml water were distilled off. After filtration the filtrate was cooled to 60° C. and stirred for 45 minutes. Crystallization was initiated by means of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A. After crystallization a mixture of demineratized water/acetone (290 ml/518 ml) previously heated to 50° C. was added under stirring. Thereafter, the suspension was cooled to about 20-25° C. under stirring, until the crystallization was complete. The product was separated and washed with a mixture of 50 ml acetone/demineratized water in a ratio of 1:1 (V/V). The product was dried for 48 hours in a vacuum from 150 to 20 mbar at 60° C. 
     Yield: 85% 
     Identified with x-ray powder diffraction as crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A. ( FIG. 1 ) Assay (complexometric titration): 101.0% (calculated on the anhydrous and solvent free basis) 
     Example 4 
     Preparation of Crystalline Ibandronate Polymorph A 
     100 g of crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B (obtained according to reference example 2) were dissolved in 304 ml demineralized water, warmed to 60° C. and it was filtrated. To the filtrate which was kept at 55° C., 347 ml acetone were added dropwise during 1 hour. The mixture was maintained at this temperature under stirring for 2 hours, then cooled to 15-20° C. The product was isolated by filtration and washed with 120 ml of a solvent mixture of acetone/demineralized water 1:1 (V/V). The product was dried in a vacuum from 150 to 20 mbar at 40° C. for 14 hours and then at 60° C. for 24 hours. 
     Yield: 88% 
     Identified with x-ray powder diffraction as crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A. ( FIG. 1 ) 
     Example 5 
     Preparation of Crystalline Ibandronate Polymorph A 
     100 g crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B (obtained according to reference example 2) were dissolved in 304 ml demineralized water, warmed to 60° C. and the solution was then filtrated. To the filtrate which was kept at 55° C. 347 ml acetone were added dropwise during 1 hour. In the course of the acetone addition crystals of Ibandronate polymorph A were added in order to initiate crystallization. The mixture was maintained at this temperature under stirring for 2 hours then cooled to 15-20° C. The product was isolated by filtration and washed with 120 ml of a solvent mixture of acetone/demineratized water (1:1). The product was dried in a vacuum from 150 to 20 mbar at 40° C. for 14 hours and then at 60° C. for 24 hours. 
     Yield: 90% 
     Identified with x-ray powder diffraction as crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A. ( FIG. 1 ) 
     Example 6 
     Preparation of Crystalline Ibandronate Polymorph A (Tempering) 
     30 g freshly precipitated Ibandronate obtained according to reference example 2, but directly used after filtration without drying and verified as polymorph B (moisture content about 10%, dried sample verified as polymorph B) were heated for 45 min at 60° C. and 60 mbar until acetone is evaporated, followed by tempering at 60° C. and 900 mbar for 19 hours and drying at 60° C. and 40 mbar for 9 hours under rotary motion. 
     Yield: quantitative 
     Identified with x-ray powder diffraction as crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A. (content polymorph B: 19%) 
     Example 7 
     Preparation of Crystalline Ibandronate Polymorph A 
     30 g crystalline Ibandronate polymorph B obtained according to reference example 2 were suspended in a mixture of 95.4 ml demineralized water and 103.4 ml acetone at 20° C. The suspension was heated to 60° C. in 1 hour, stirred for 15 min., cooled to 20° C. in 1 hour and stirred for 5 min. at 20° C. This cycle was repeated twice. The suspension was stirred for 17 hours. The product was separated and dried for 18 hours in a vacuum from 150 to 20 mbar at 60° C. Identification with x-ray-powder diffraction as crystalline Ibandronate polymorph A (content polymorph B: 23%).