Patent Publication Number: US-2021170102-A1

Title: Utilizing Pressure Measurements to Detect Reuse of Patient Lines

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/723,718 filed Aug. 28, 2018, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Field of the Disclosure 
     The present disclosure relates generally to detecting reuse of single-use disposable fluid path set components in fluid injector systems. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to fluid injector systems, computer program products, and methods for utilizing pressure measurements to detect reuse of single-use disposable fluid path set components in such fluid injector systems. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     In many medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, a medical practitioner, such as a physician, injects a patient with one or more medical fluids. In recent years, a number of medical fluid delivery systems for pressurized injection of fluids, such as a contrast solution (often referred to simply as “contrast”), a flushing agent or diluent, such as saline, and other medical fluids, have been developed for use in procedures such as angiography, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MM), positron emission tomography (PET), and other molecular imaging procedures. In general, these medical fluid delivery systems are designed to deliver a preset amount of fluid at a preset flow rate. 
     In some injection procedures, the medical practitioner places a catheter or needle into a vein or artery of the patient. The catheter or needle is connected to either a manual or an automatic fluid injector system by way of tubing and a connector that interfaces with the fluid injector system. Automatic fluid injector systems typically include at least one syringe connected to at least one fluid injector having, for example, a powered linear piston. The at least one syringe includes, for example, a source of contrast and/or a source of flushing fluid. The medical practitioner enters settings into an electronic control system of the fluid injector for a fixed volume of contrast and/or saline and a fixed rate of injection for each. A single-use disposable set connector and associated tubing are connected to the fluid injector system for delivering one or more fluids to the patient. 
     To prevent contamination between patients and medical devices, each single-use disposable set connector and associated tubing is ideally replaced between patients. However, users may be inclined to reuse single-use disposable set connectors to save time and cost, an unhygienic and potentially dangerous practice. 
     While various manual and automatic fluid delivery systems are known in the medical field, improved multi-fluid delivery systems adapted for use in medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures where one or more fluids are supplied to a patient during such procedures continue to be in demand. In particular, there exists a need for fluid delivery systems and single-use disposable set connectors which encourage and enforce safe and hygienic work practices. 
     SUMMARY OF DISCLOSURE 
     The present disclosure generally relates to a fluid injector system configured to perform an injection protocol in connection with a diagnostic imaging procedure. The fluid injector system may include a memory for storing therein a predetermined pressure profile, wherein the predetermined pressure profile may be representative of pressure expected to be generated within an exemplary administration line by a priming fluid over a course of a priming operation performed on the exemplary administration line during which the priming fluid completely displaces an extant fluid from the exemplary administration line. The fluid injector system further may include a control device operatively associated with at least one drive component configured to pressurize and inject at least one fluid through a subject administration line into a patient. The control device may include at least one processor programmed or configured to perform an operation including: actuating the at least one drive component to prime the subject administration line with the at least one fluid as the priming fluid, determining a distinct pressure profile indicative of a measurement of current pressure generated during the priming of the subject administration line with the at least one fluid over the course of the priming operation performed therewith, comparing the distinct pressure profile to the predetermined pressure profile, and determining, based on a result of the comparison, whether the subject administration line, prior to the priming thereof, contained therein at least one of a liquid as the extant fluid and a gas as the extant fluid. 
     In accordance with other examples, the exemplary administration line may be one of (i) an unused administration line and, as a result thereof, the extant fluid therein is the gas and the predetermined pressure profile thereby represents the pressure expected to be generated by the priming fluid during the priming of the unused administration line as the gas therein is completely displaced thereby over the course of the priming operation; and (ii) a previously used administration line and, as a result thereof, the extant fluid therein is at least partially a liquid and the predetermined pressure profile thereby represents the pressure expected to be generated by the priming fluid during the priming of the previously used administration line as the liquid therein is completely displaced thereby over the course of the priming operation. When the exemplary administration line is the unused administration line, upon the comparison resulting in a correlation within a specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, the at least one processor is configured to determine that the subject administration line contained the gas as the extant fluid. 
     In accordance with other examples, the operation may further include: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, generating an alert indicating that the subject administration line had not been used prior to being primed with the at least one fluid during the priming operation. The operation may further include: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, permitting performance of the injection protocol. 
     In accordance with other examples, the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, may include at least one check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction. The comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile may include at least one of: identifying at least one pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the subject administration line that correlates to at least one pressure inflection point corresponding thereto in the predetermined pressure profile caused by the priming fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the exemplary administration line; normalizing the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining that an area under a curve of the normalized distinct pressure profile correlates to an area under a curve of the predetermined pressure profile; and normalizing the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining that each point along the distinct pressure profile correlates within a specified tolerance to corresponding points on the predetermined pressure profile. 
     In accordance with other examples, the exemplary administration line may be the previously used administration line, and upon the comparison resulting in a correlation within a specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, the at least one processor may be configured to determine that the subject administration line contained the liquid as the extant fluid. The operation may further include: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, generating an alert indicating that the subject administration line had been used prior to being primed with the at least one fluid during the priming operation. 
     In accordance with other examples, the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, may include at least one check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction. The comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile may include at least one of: identifying at least one pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the subject administration line that correlates to at least one pressure inflection point corresponding thereto in the predetermined pressure profile caused by the priming fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the exemplary administration line; normalizing the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining that an area under a curve of the normalized distinct pressure profile correlates to an area under a curve of the predetermined pressure profile; and normalizing the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining that each point along the distinct pressure profile correlates within a specified tolerance to corresponding points on the predetermined pressure profile. 
     In accordance with other examples, the at least one fluid used in the priming of the subject administration line may include at least one of (i) a diluent, (ii) a contrast medium and (iii) a mixture of the contrast medium and the diluent. The determining the distinct pressure profile may include measuring a motor current of the at least one drive component. 
     In accordance with other examples, the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, may include a first check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction and a second check valve precluding flow in the proximal direction. The second check valve may be located distally of the first check valve. During the priming of the subject administration line, the operation further may include: identifying a first pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the first check valve in the subject administration line; and identifying at least one of: a second pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the second check valve in the subject administration line; and a steady state portion of the distinct pressure profile over which the pressure generated within the subject administration line remains substantially constant. While comparing the distinct pressure profile to the predetermined pressure profile, the operation may further include: determining, based on a result of the comparison, that the administration line is fully primed. 
     In accordance with other examples, the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, may include a single check valve located in a distal end of the subject administration line. The single check valve may preclude fluid flow in a proximal direction. During the priming of the subject administration line, the operation further may include identifying at least one of: a pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the single check valve in the subject administration line; and a steady state portion of the distinct pressure profile over which the pressure generated within the subject administration line remains substantially constant. While comparing the distinct pressure profile to the predetermined pressure profile, the operation may further include: determining, based on a result of the comparison, a presence of a fluid path set component connected to a distal end of the administration line. 
     In accordance with other examples, a computer program product for detecting multiple uses of an administration line using a fluid injector system may be configured to perform an injection protocol in connection with a diagnostic imaging procedure. The computer program product may include non-transitory computer readable media having a memory for storing therein a predetermined pressure profile. The predetermined pressure profile may be representative of pressure expected to be generated within an exemplary administration line by a priming fluid over a course of a priming operation performed on the exemplary administration line during which the priming fluid completely displaces an extant fluid from the exemplary administration line. The non-transitory computer readable media further may include one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform an operation including: actuating at least one drive component of the fluid injector system to prime a subject administration line with the priming fluid; determining a distinct pressure profile indicative of a measurement of current pressure generated during the priming of the subject administration line with the at least one fluid over the course of the priming operation performed therewith; comparing the distinct pressure profile to the predetermined pressure profile; and determining, based on a result of the comparison, whether the subject administration line, prior to the priming thereof, contained therein at least one of a liquid as the extant fluid and a gas as the extant fluid. 
     In accordance with other examples, the exemplary administration line may be one of (i) an unused administration line and, as a result thereof, the extant fluid therein is the gas and the predetermined pressure profile thereby represents the pressure expected to be generated by the priming fluid during the priming of the unused administration line as the gas therein is completely displaced thereby over the course of the priming operation; and (ii) a previously used administration line and, as a result thereof, the extant fluid therein is at least partially a liquid and the predetermined pressure profile thereby represents the pressure expected to be generated by the priming fluid during the priming of the previously used administration line as the liquid therein is completely displaced thereby over the course of the priming operation. When the exemplary administration line is the unused administration line, upon the comparison resulting in a correlation within a specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, the one or more instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the at least one processor to determine that the subject administration line contained the gas as the extant fluid. 
     In accordance with other examples, the one or more instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the at least one processor to perform a further operation including: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, generating an alert indicating that the subject administration line had not been used prior to being primed with the at least one fluid during the priming operation. The one or more instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the at least one processor to perform a further operation including: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, permitting performance of the injection protocol. 
     In accordance with other examples, the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, may include at least one check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction. The comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile may include at least one of: identifying, with the at least one processor, at least one pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the subject administration line that correlates to at least one pressure inflection point corresponding thereto in the predetermined pressure profile caused by the priming fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the exemplary administration line; normalizing, with the at least one processor, the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof; normalizing, with the at least one processor, the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof; and determining, with the at least one processor, that an area under a curve of the normalized distinct pressure profile correlates to an area under a curve of the predetermined pressure profile; and normalizing the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining that each point along the distinct pressure profile correlates within a specified tolerance to corresponding points on the predetermined pressure profile. 
     In accordance with other examples, the exemplary administration line may be the previously used administration line, and upon the comparison resulting in a correlation within a specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, the one or more instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the at least one processor to determine that the subject administration line contained the liquid as the extant fluid. The one or more instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the at least one processor to perform a further operation including: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, generating an alert indicating that the subject administration line had been used prior to being primed with the at least one fluid during the priming operation. 
     In accordance with other examples, the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, may include at least one check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction. The comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile may include at least one of: identifying, with the at least one processor, at least one pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the subject administration line that correlates to at least one pressure inflection point corresponding thereto in the predetermined pressure profile caused by the priming fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the exemplary administration line; normalizing, with the at least one processor, the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof; normalizing, with the at least one processor, the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof; and determining, with the at least one processor, that an area under a curve of the normalized distinct pressure profile correlates to an area under a curve of the predetermined pressure profile; and normalizing, with the at least one processor, the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing, with the at least one processor, the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining, with the at least one processor, that each point along the distinct pressure profile correlates within a specified tolerance to corresponding points on the predetermined pressure profile. 
     In accordance with other examples, the at least one fluid used in the priming of the subject administration line may include at least one of (i) a diluent, (ii) a contrast medium and (iii) a mixture of the contrast medium and the diluent. The determining the distinct pressure profile may include measuring, with the at least one processor, a motor current of the at least one drive component. 
     In accordance with other examples, the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, may include a first check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction and a second check valve precluding flow in the proximal direction. The second check valve may be located distally of the first check valve. During priming of the subject administration line, the operation further may include: identifying a first pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the first check valve in the subject administration line; and identifying at least one of: a second pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the second check valve in the subject administration line; and a steady state portion of the distinct pressure profile over which the pressure generated within the subject administration line remains substantially constant. While comparing the distinct pressure profile to the predetermined pressure profile, the operation further may include: determining, based on a result of the comparison, that the administration line is fully primed. 
     In accordance with other examples, the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, may include a single check valve located in a distal end of the subject administration line. The single check valve may preclude fluid flow in a proximal direction. During the priming of the subject administration line, the operation further may include identifying at least one of: a pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the single check valve in the subject administration line; and a steady state portion of the distinct pressure profile over which the pressure generated within the subject administration line remains substantially constant. While comparing the distinct pressure profile to the predetermined pressure profile, the operation further may include: determining, based on a result of the comparison, a presence of a fluid path set component connected to a distal end of the administration line. 
     In accordance with other examples, a method for detecting multiple uses of an administration line using a fluid injector system configured to perform an injection protocol in connection with a diagnostic imaging procedure may include: providing a memory for storing therein a predetermined pressure profile, the predetermined pressure profile being representative of pressure expected to be generated within an exemplary administration line by a priming fluid over a course of a priming operation performed on the exemplary administration line during which the priming fluid completely displaces an extant fluid from the exemplary administration line; actuating at least one drive component of the fluid injector system to prime a subject administration line with the priming fluid; determining a distinct pressure profile indicative of a measurement of current pressure generated during the priming of the subject administration line with the at least one fluid over the course of the priming operation performed therewith; comparing the distinct pressure profile to the predetermined pressure profile; and determining, based on a result of the comparison, whether the subject administration line, prior to the priming thereof, contained therein at least one of a liquid as the extant fluid and a gas as the extant fluid. 
     In accordance with other examples, the disclosure of the present application may be characterized by one or more of the following clauses: 
     Clause 1: A fluid injector system configured to perform an injection protocol in connection with a diagnostic imaging procedure, the fluid injector system comprising: a memory for storing therein a predetermined pressure profile, the predetermined pressure profile being representative of pressure expected to be generated within an exemplary administration line by a priming fluid over a course of a priming operation performed on the exemplary administration line during which the priming fluid completely displaces an extant fluid from the exemplary administration line; a control device operatively associated with at least one drive component configured to pressurize and inject at least one fluid through a subject administration line into a patient, the control device including at least one processor programmed or configured to perform an operation comprising: actuating the at least one drive component to prime the subject administration line with the at least one fluid as the priming fluid; determining a distinct pressure profile indicative of a measurement of current pressure generated during the priming of the subject administration line with the at least one fluid over the course of the priming operation performed therewith; comparing the distinct pressure profile to the predetermined pressure profile; and determining, based on a result of the comparison, whether the subject administration line, prior to the priming thereof, contained therein at least one of a liquid as the extant fluid and a gas as the extant fluid. 
     Clause 2: The fluid injector system of clause 1, wherein the exemplary administration line is one of: (i) an unused administration line and, as a result thereof, the extant fluid therein is the gas and the predetermined pressure profile thereby represents the pressure expected to be generated by the priming fluid during the priming of the unused administration line as the gas therein is completely displaced thereby over the course of the priming operation; and (ii) a previously used administration line and, as a result thereof, the extant fluid therein is at least partially a liquid and the predetermined pressure profile thereby represents the pressure expected to be generated by the priming fluid during the priming of the previously used administration line as the liquid therein is completely displaced thereby over the course of the priming operation. 
     Clause 3: The fluid injector system of clause 1 or 2, wherein the exemplary administration line is the unused administration line and upon the comparison resulting in a correlation within a specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, the at least one processor is configured to determine that the subject administration line contained the gas as the extant fluid. 
     Clause 4: The fluid injector system of any of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the operation further comprises: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, generating an alert indicating that the subject administration line had not been used prior to being primed with the at least one fluid during the priming operation. 
     Clause 5: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 1 to 4, wherein the operation further comprises: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, permitting performance of the injection protocol. 
     Clause 6: The fluid injector system of any of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, comprises at least one check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction; and wherein the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile comprises at least one of: identifying at least one pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the subject administration line that correlates to at least one pressure inflection point corresponding thereto in the predetermined pressure profile caused by the priming fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the exemplary administration line; normalizing the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining that an area under a curve of the normalized distinct pressure profile correlates to an area under a curve of the predetermined pressure profile; and normalizing the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining that each point along the distinct pressure profile correlates within a specified tolerance to corresponding points on the predetermined pressure profile. 
     Clause 7: The fluid injector system of any of clauses 1 to 6, wherein the exemplary administration line is the previously used administration line and upon the comparison resulting in a correlation within a specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, the at least one processor is configured to determine that the subject administration line contained the liquid as the extant fluid. 
     Clause 8: The fluid injector system of any of clauses 1 to 7, wherein the operation further comprises: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, generating an alert indicating that the subject administration line had been used prior to being primed with the at least one fluid during the priming operation. 
     Clause 9: The fluid injector system of any of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, comprises at least one check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction; and wherein the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile comprises at least one of: identifying at least one pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the subject administration line that correlates to at least one pressure inflection point corresponding thereto in the predetermined pressure profile caused by the priming fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the exemplary administration line; normalizing the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining that an area under a curve of the normalized distinct pressure profile correlates to an area under a curve of the predetermined pressure profile; and normalizing the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining that each point along the distinct pressure profile correlates within a specified tolerance to corresponding points on the predetermined pressure profile. 
     Clause 10: The fluid injector system of any of clauses 1 to 9, wherein the at least one fluid used in the priming of the subject administration line comprises at least one of (i) a diluent, (ii) a contrast medium and (iii) a mixture of the contrast medium and the diluent. 
     Clause 11: The fluid injector system of any of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the determining the distinct pressure profile comprises measuring a motor current of the at least one drive component. 
     Clause 12: The fluid injector system of any of clauses 1 to 11, wherein the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, comprises a first check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction and a second check valve precluding flow in the proximal direction, the second check valve located distally of the first check valve; and wherein, during the priming of the subject administration line, the operation further comprises: identifying a first pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the first check valve in the subject administration line; and identifying at least one of: a second pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the second check valve in the subject administration line; and a steady state portion of the distinct pressure profile over which the pressure generated within the subject administration line remains substantially constant; whereupon the subject administration line is determined to be fully primed. 
     Clause 13: The fluid injector system of any of clauses 1 to 12, wherein the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, comprises a single check valve located in a distal end of the subject administration line, the single check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction; and wherein, during the priming of the subject administration line, the operation further comprises identifying at least one of: a pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the single check valve in the subject administration line; and a steady state portion of the distinct pressure profile over which the pressure generated within the subject administration line remains substantially constant; whereupon the subject administration line at a distal end thereof is determined to have a fluid path set component connected thereto. 
     Clause 14: A computer program product for detecting multiple uses of an administration line using a fluid injector system configured to perform an injection protocol in connection with a diagnostic imaging procedure, the computer program product comprising: non-transitory computer readable media comprising a memory for storing therein a predetermined pressure profile, the predetermined pressure profile being representative of pressure expected to be generated within an exemplary administration line by a priming fluid over a course of a priming operation performed on the exemplary administration line during which the priming fluid completely displaces an extant fluid from the exemplary administration line; the non-transitory computer readable media further comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform an operation comprising: actuating at least one drive component of the fluid injector system to prime a subject administration line with the priming fluid; determining a distinct pressure profile indicative of a measurement of current pressure generated during the priming of the subject administration line with the at least one fluid over the course of the priming operation performed therewith; comparing the distinct pressure profile to the predetermined pressure profile; and determining, based on a result of the comparison, whether the subject administration line, prior to the priming thereof, contained therein at least one of a liquid as the extant fluid and a gas as the extant fluid. 
     Clause 15: The computer program product of clause 14, wherein the exemplary administration line is one of (i) an unused administration line and, as a result thereof, the extant fluid therein is the gas and the predetermined pressure profile thereby represents the pressure expected to be generated by the priming fluid during the priming of the unused administration line as the gas therein is completely displaced thereby over the course of the priming operation; and a previously used administration line and, as a result thereof, the extant fluid therein is at least partially a liquid and the predetermined pressure profile thereby represents the pressure expected to be generated by the priming fluid during the priming of the previously used administration line as the liquid therein is completely displaced thereby over the course of the priming operation. 
     Clause 16: The computer program product of clause 14 or 15, wherein the exemplary administration line is the unused administration line and upon the comparison resulting in a correlation within a specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, the one or more instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine that the subject administration line contained the gas as the extant fluid. 
     Clause 17: The computer program product of any of clauses 14 to 16, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a further operation comprising: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, generating an alert indicating that the subject administration line had not been used prior to being primed with the at least one fluid during the priming operation. 
     Clause 18: The computer program product of any of clauses 14 to 17, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a further operation comprising: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, permitting performance of the injection protocol. 
     Clause 19: The computer program product of any of clauses 14 to 18, wherein the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, comprises at least one check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction; and wherein the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile comprises at least one of: identifying, with the at least one processor, at least one pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the subject administration line that correlates to at least one pressure inflection point corresponding thereto in the predetermined pressure profile caused by the priming fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the exemplary administration line; normalizing, with the at least one processor, the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof; normalizing, with the at least one processor, the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof; and determining, with the at least one processor, that an area under a curve of the normalized distinct pressure profile correlates to an area under a curve of the predetermined pressure profile; and normalizing the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining that each point along the distinct pressure profile correlates within a specified tolerance to corresponding points on the predetermined pressure profile. 
     Clause 20: The computer program product of any of clauses 14 to 19, wherein upon the comparison resulting in a correlation within a specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, the one or more instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine that the subject administration line contained the liquid as the extant fluid. 
     Clause 21: The computer program product of any of clauses 14 to 20, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a further operation comprising: upon the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile, generating an alert indicating that the subject administration line had been used prior to being primed with the at least one fluid during the priming operation. 
     Clause 22: The computer program product of any of clauses 14 to 21, wherein the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, comprises at least one check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction; and wherein the comparison resulting in the correlation within the specified tolerance between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile comprises at least one of: identifying, with the at least one processor, at least one pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the subject administration line that correlates to at least one pressure inflection point corresponding thereto in the predetermined pressure profile caused by the priming fluid having passed through the at least one check valve in the exemplary administration line; normalizing, with the at least one processor, the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof; normalizing, with the at least one processor, the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof; and determining, with the at least one processor, that an area under a curve of the normalized distinct pressure profile correlates to an area under a curve of the predetermined pressure profile; and normalizing, with the at least one processor, the distinct pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, normalizing, with the at least one processor, the predetermined pressure profile about a steady state value thereof, and determining, with the at least one processor, that each point along the distinct pressure profile correlates within a specified tolerance to corresponding points on the predetermined pressure profile. 
     Clause 23: The computer program product of any of clauses 14 to 22, wherein the at least one fluid used in the priming of the subject administration line comprises at least one of (i) a diluent, (ii) a contrast medium and (iii) a mixture of the contrast medium and the diluent. 
     Clause 24: The computer program product of any of clauses 14 to 23, wherein the determining the distinct pressure profile comprises measuring, with the at least one processor, a motor current of the at least one drive component. 
     Clause 25: The computer program product of any of clauses 14 to 24, wherein the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, comprises a first check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction and a second check valve precluding flow in the proximal direction, the second check valve located distally of the first check valve; and wherein, during priming of the subject administration line, the operation further comprises: identifying a first pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the first check valve in the subject administration line; and identifying at least one of: a second pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the second check valve in the subject administration line; and a steady state portion of the distinct pressure profile over which the pressure generated within the subject administration line remains substantially constant; whereupon the subject administration line is determined to be fully primed. 
     Clause 26: The computer program product of any of clauses 14 to 25, wherein the subject administration line, like the exemplary administration line, comprises a single check valve located in a distal end of the subject administration line, the single check valve precluding fluid flow in a proximal direction; and wherein, during the priming of the subject administration line, the operation further comprises identifying at least one of: a pressure inflection point in the distinct pressure profile caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the single check valve in the subject administration line; and a steady state portion of the distinct pressure profile over which the pressure generated within the subject administration line remains substantially constant; whereupon the subject administration line at a distal end thereof is determined to have a fluid path set component connected thereto. 
     Clause 27: A method for detecting multiple uses of an administration line using a fluid injector system configured to perform an injection protocol in connection with a diagnostic imaging procedure, the method comprising: providing a memory for storing therein a predetermined pressure profile, the predetermined pressure profile being representative of pressure expected to be generated within an exemplary administration line by a priming fluid over a course of a priming operation performed on the exemplary administration line during which the priming fluid completely displaces an extant fluid from the exemplary administration line; actuating at least one drive component of the fluid injector system to prime a subject administration line with the priming fluid; determining a distinct pressure profile indicative of a measurement of current pressure generated during the priming of the subject administration line with the at least one fluid over the course of the priming operation performed therewith; comparing the distinct pressure profile to the predetermined pressure profile; and determining, based on a result of the comparison, whether the subject administration line, prior to the priming thereof, contained therein at least one of a liquid as the extant fluid and a gas as the extant fluid. 
     These and other features and characteristics of fluid injector systems, computer program products, and methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structures and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a multi-fluid delivery system, according to one example; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic view of various fluid paths within the multi-fluid delivery system of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3A  is a perspective view of a connection interface prior to connecting a single-use disposable set connector with a multi-fluid delivery system; 
         FIG. 3B  is a perspective view of the connection interface of  FIG. 3A  showing the single-use disposable set connector connected with the multi-fluid delivery system; 
         FIG. 4A  is a perspective view of a single-use disposable set connector in accordance with one example; 
         FIG. 4B  is a cross-sectional view of the single-use disposable set connector shown in  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 4C  is a cross-sectional view of the single-use disposable set connector shown in  FIG. 4A  connected to a port of a multi-fluid delivery system; 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the single-use disposable set connector shown in  FIG. 4C  with a portion of the multi-fluid delivery system and the multi-patient disposable set cutaway; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic view of an electronic control system of a multi-fluid injection system in accordance with another example; 
         FIG. 7  is a graphical representation of a predetermined pressure profile and a distinct pressure profile representative of the single-use disposable set connector of  FIGS. 4A-5 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a step sequence diagram of a method of determining the nature of an extant fluid in the single-use disposable set connector of  FIGS. 4A-5 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a graphical representation of the predetermined pressure profile and the distinct pressure profile of  FIG. 7  normalized about steady state portions thereof; 
         FIG. 10  is a step sequence diagram of a method of determining that the single-use disposable set connector of  FIGS. 4A-5  is fully primed; 
         FIG. 11  is a graphical representation of the predetermined pressure profile of  FIG. 7  and a modified distinct pressure profile representative of the single-use disposable set connector of  FIGS. 4A-5  having an additional fluid path set component attached thereto; 
         FIG. 12  is a graphical representation of the predetermined pressure profile of  FIG. 7  and various predetermined pressure profiles representative of the single-use disposable set connector of  FIGS. 4A-5  at various ages and use states; and 
         FIG. 13  is a graphical representation of the predetermined pressure profile of  FIG. 7  and various predetermined pressure profiles representative of the single-use disposable set connector of  FIGS. 4A-5  coupled with varying extant fluids in a multi-patient disposable set of the multi-fluid delivery system of  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “right”, “left”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “lateral”, “longitudinal”, and derivatives thereof shall relate to the disclosure as it is oriented in the drawing figures. When used in relation to a syringe, a single-use disposable set connector, and/or a fluid path set component, the term “proximal” refers to a portion of the syringe, the single-use disposable set connector, and/or the fluid path set component nearest to an injector when the syringe, the single-use disposable set connector, and/or the fluid path set component is oriented for connecting to the injector. The term “distal” refers to a portion of the syringe, the single-use disposable set connector, and/or the fluid path set component farthest away from the injector when the syringe, the single-use disposable set connector, and/or the fluid path set component is oriented for connecting to the injector. 
     As used herein, the term “correlation” and derivatives thereof refers to an observed and/or calculated association(s) between data. Correlation may include, for example, a relative difference between two or more data points, a statistical relationship between two or more data sets, and combinations thereof. As used herein, the term “specified tolerance” refers to a predetermined percentage difference, a predetermined standard deviation, a predetermined statistical correlation coefficient, and/or the like. For example, a first value may exhibit correlation within a specified tolerance of a second value if the first value is within a predetermined percentage difference (e.g., within 10%) of the second value. Similarly, a data point may exhibit correlation within a specified tolerance of a data set if the data point falls within a predetermined standard deviation (e.g., within one standard deviation) of the data set. Similarly, a first curve may exhibit correlation within a specified tolerance of a second curve if the first curve includes specific features (e.g. inflection points) within a predetermined range (e.g., within 10 sampling time intervals) of like features of the second curve. Similarly, a first curve may exhibit correlation within a specified tolerance of a second curve if an area under the first curve is within a predetermined percentage difference (e.g., within 10%) of an area under the second curve. 
     As used herein, the term “normalize” and derivatives thereof refers to adjusting individual values of a data set to a common scale. For example, normalizing may refer to dividing all values of a data set by a value corresponding to a steady state condition, such that each value of the normalized data set is referenced to the steady state condition. 
     As used herein, the term “and/or” refers to both or either of two stated possibilities. For example, when used with reference to “first and/or second predetermined pressure profile”, this phrase refers to a combination of both of the first and the second predetermined pressure profile, or one of the first predetermined pressure profile and the second predetermined pressure profile. 
     All numbers used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about”. The terms “about”, “approximately”, and “substantially” means a range of plus or minus ten percent of the stated value. 
     As used herein, the term “at least one of” is synonymous with “one or more of”. For example, the phrase “at least one of A, B, and C” means any one of A, B, and C, or any combination of any two or more of A, B, and C. For example, “at least one of A, B, and C” includes one or more of A alone; or one or more B alone; or one or more of C alone; or one or more of A and one or more of B; or one or more of A and one or more of C; or one or more of B and one or more of C; or one or more of all of A, B, and C. Similarly, as used herein, the term “at least two of” is synonymous with “two or more of”. For example, the phrase “at least two of D, E, and F” means any combination of any two or more of D, E, and F. For example, “at least two of D, E, and F” includes one or more of D and one or more of E; or one or more of D and one or more of F; or one or more of E and one or more of F; or one or more of all of D, E, and F. 
     It is also to be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification, are simply exemplary examples of the disclosure. Hence, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to the examples disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting. 
     Although the present disclosure is described primarily in the context of the MEDRAD® Centargo CT Injection System, it will be apparent to persons of ordinary skill in the art that the present disclosure can be applied to a variety of injection systems inclusive of their associated disposables (e.g., syringes, tubing, etc.). Examples of such injection systems include the MEDRAD® Stellant CT Injection System, the MEDRAD® Stellant FLEX CT Injection System, the MEDRAD® MRXperion MR Injection System and the MEDRAD® Mark 7 Arterion Injection System offered by Bayer HealthCare LLC. 
     Referring now to the drawings in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views thereof, the present disclosure in some aspects and examples thereof is generally directed to a multi-fluid medical injector/injection system  100  (hereinafter “fluid injector system  100 ”) having a multi-patient disposable set (MUDS)  130  configured for delivering fluid to a patient using a single-use disposable set (SUDS)  190  connector. The fluid injector system  100  includes multiple components as individually described herein. Generally, the fluid injector system  100  has a powered injector or other administration device and a fluid delivery set intended to be associated with the injector to deliver one or more fluids from one or more multi-dose containers under pressure into a patient, as described herein. The various devices, components, and features of the fluid injector system  100  and the fluid delivery set associated therewith are likewise described in detail herein. 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , the fluid injector system  100  includes an injector housing  102  having opposed lateral sides  104 , a distal or upper end  106 , and a proximal or lower end  108 . In some examples, the housing  102  may be supported on a base  110  having one or more wheels  112  for rotatable and movable support of the housing  102  on a floor surface. The one or more wheels  112  may be lockable to prevent the housing  102  from inadvertently moving once positioned at a desired location. At least one handle  114  may be provided to facilitate moving and positioning the fluid injector system  100 . In other examples, the housing  102  may be removably or non-removably secured to a fixed surface, such as a floor, ceiling, wall, or other structure. The housing  102  encloses the various mechanical drive components, electrical and power components necessary to drive the mechanical drive components, and control components, such as electronic memory and electronic control devices (hereinafter electronic control device(s)), used to control operation of reciprocally movable piston elements  103  (shown in  FIG. 2 ) associated with the fluid injector system  100  described herein. Such piston elements  103  may be reciprocally operable via electro-mechanical drive components such as a ball screw shaft driven by a motor, a voice coil actuator, a rack-and-pinion gear drive, a linear motor, and the like. In some examples, at least some of the mechanical drive components, electrical and power components, and control components may be provided on the base  110 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 1 , the fluid injector system  100  has at least one door  116  that encloses at least some of the MUDS, the mechanical drive components, electrical and power components, and control components. The door  116  is desirably movable between an open position and a closed position (shown in  FIG. 1 ). In some examples, the door  116  may be lockable. 
     The fluid injector system  100  further includes at least one bulk fluid connector  118  for connection with at least one bulk fluid source  120 . In some examples, a plurality of bulk fluid connectors  118  may be provided. For example, as shown in  FIG. 1 , three bulk fluid connectors  118  may be provided in a side-by-side or other arrangement. In some examples, the at least one bulk fluid connector  118  may be a spike configured for removably connecting to the at least one bulk fluid source  120 , such as a vial, a bottle, or a bag. The at least one bulk fluid connector  118  may have a reusable or non-reusable interface with each new bulk fluid source  120 . The at least one bulk fluid connector  118  may be formed on the multi-patient disposable set, as described herein. The at least one bulk fluid source  120  may be configured for receiving a medical fluid, such as saline, contrast solution, or other medical fluid, for delivery to the fluid injector system  100 . The housing  102  may have at least one support member  122  for supporting the at least one bulk fluid source  120  once it is connected to the fluid injector system  100 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 1 , the fluid injector system  100  includes one or more user interfaces  124 , such as a graphical user interface (GUI) display window. The user interface  124  may display information pertinent to a fluid injection procedure involving the fluid injector system  100 , such as current flow rate, fluid pressure, and volume remaining in the at least one bulk fluid source  120  connected to the fluid injector system  100  and may be a touch screen GUI that allows an operator to input commands and/or data for operation of the fluid injector system  100 . While the user interface  124  is shown on the injector housing  102 , such user interface  124  may also be in the form of a remote display that is wired or wirelessly linked to the housing  102  and control and mechanical elements of fluid injector system  100 . In some examples, the user interface  124  may be a tablet computer that is detachably connected to the housing  102  and is in wired or wirelessly linked communication with the housing  102  and control and mechanical elements of the fluid injector system  100 . Additionally, the fluid injector system  100  and/or user interface  124  may include at least one control button  126  for tactile operation by an attendant operator of the fluid injector system  100 . In certain examples, the at least one control button  126  may be part of a keyboard for inputting commands and/or data by the operator. The at least one control button  126  may be hard-wired to the electronic control device(s) associated with the fluid injector system  100  to provide direct input to the electronic control device(s). The at least one control button  126  may also be a graphical part of the user interface  124 , such as a touch screen. In either arrangement, the at least one control button  126  desirably provides certain individual control features to the attendant operator of the fluid injector system  100 , such as, but not limited to: (1) acknowledging that a multi-patient disposable set has been loaded or unloaded; (2) locking/unlocking the multi-patient disposable set; (3) filling/purging the fluid injector system  100 ; (4) inputting information and/or data related to the patient and/or injection procedure; (5) preloading the fluid injector system  100 ; and (6) initiating/stopping an injection procedure. The user interface  124  and/or any electronic processing units associated with the fluid injector system  100  may be wired or wirelessly connected to an operation and/or data storage system such as a hospital network system. 
     With reference to  FIG. 2 , the fluid injector system  100  includes a MUDS  130  that is removably connected to the fluid injector system  100  for delivering one or more fluids from the one or more bulk fluid sources  120  to the patient. Examples and features of the MUDS are further described in International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2016/112163, filed on Jan. 7, 2016 and entitled “Multiple Fluid Delivery System with Multi-Use Disposable Set and Features Thereof”, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The MUDS  130  may include one or more syringes or pumps  132 . In some examples, the number of syringes  132  may correspond to the number of bulk fluid sources  120 . For example, with reference to  FIG. 2 , the MUDS  130  has three syringes  132  in a side-by-side arrangement such that each syringe  132  is fluidly connectable to one or more of the bulk fluid sources  120 . In some examples, one or two bulk fluid sources  120  may be connected to one or more syringes  132  of the MUDS  130 . Each syringe  132  may be fluidly connectable to one of the bulk fluid sources  120  by a corresponding bulk fluid connector  118  and an associated MUDS fluid path  134 . The MUDS fluid path  134  may have a spike element that connects to the bulk fluid connector  118 . In some examples, the bulk fluid connector  118  may be provided directly on the MUDS  130 . 
     With further reference to  FIG. 2 , the MUDS  130  is removably connectable to the housing  102  of the fluid injector system  100 . As will be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the art, it may be desirable to construct at least a portion of the MUDS  130  from a clear medical grade plastic in order to facilitate visual verification that a fluid connection has been established with the fluid injector system  100 . Visual verification is also desirable for confirming that no air bubbles are present within various fluid connections. Alternatively, at least a portion of the MUDS  130  and/or door  116  may include windows (not shown) for visualization of the connection between various components. Various optical sensors (not shown) may also be provided to detect and verify the connections. Additionally, various lighting elements (not shown), such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), may be provided to actuate one or more optical sensors and indicate that a suitable connection has been established between the various components. 
     With specific reference to  FIG. 2 , a schematic view of various fluid paths of the fluid injector system  100  is provided. The MUDS  130  may include one or more valves  136 , such as stopcock valves, for controlling which medical fluid or combinations of medical fluids are withdrawn from the multi-dose bulk fluid source  120  and/or are delivered to a patient through each syringe  132 . In some examples, the one or more valves  136  may be provided on a distal end of the plurality of syringes  132  or on a manifold  148 . The manifold  148  may be in fluid communication via valves  136  and/or syringes  132  with a first end of the MUDS fluid path  134  that connects each syringe  132  to the corresponding bulk fluid source  120 . The opposing second end of the MUDS fluid path  134  may be connected to the respective bulk fluid connector  118  that is configured for fluidly connecting with the bulk fluid source  120 . Depending on the position of the one or more valves  136 , fluid may be drawn into the one or more syringes  132  or it may be delivered from the one or more syringes  132 . In a first position, such as during the filling of the syringes  132 , the one or more valves  136  are oriented such that fluid flows from the bulk fluid source  120  into the desired syringe  132  through a fluid inlet line  150 , such as a MUDS fluid path. During the filling procedure, the one or more valves  136  are positioned such that fluid flow through one or more fluid outlet lines  152  or the manifold  148  is blocked. In a second position, such as during a fluid delivery procedure, fluid from one or more syringes  132  is delivered to the manifold  148  through the one or more fluid outlet lines  152  or syringe valve outlet ports. During the delivery procedure, the one or more valves  136  are positioned such that fluid flow through one or more fluid inlet lines  150  is blocked. The one or more valves  136 , fluid inlet lines  150 , and/or fluid outlet lines  152  may be integrated into the manifold  148 . The one or more valves  136  may be selectively positioned to the first or second position by manual or automatic handling. For example, the operator may position the one or more valves  136  into the desired position for filling or fluid delivery. In other examples, at least a portion of the fluid injector system  100  is operable for automatically positioning the one or more valves  136  into a desired position for filling or fluid delivery based on input by the operator, as described herein. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 2 , in some examples, the fluid outlet line  152  may also be connected to a waste reservoir  156  of the fluid injector system  100 . The waste reservoir  156  is desirably separate from the syringes  132  to prevent contamination. In some examples, the waste reservoir  156  is configured to receive waste fluid expelled from the syringes  132  during, for example, a flushing, priming, or preloading operation. The waste reservoir  156  may be removable from the housing  102  in order to dispose of the contents of the waste reservoir  156 . In other examples, the waste reservoir  156  may have a draining port (not shown) for emptying the contents of the waste reservoir  156  without removing the waste reservoir  156  from the housing  102 . In some examples, the waste reservoir  156  is provided as a separate component from the MUDS  130 . 
     Having generally described the components of the fluid injector system  100  and the MUDS  130 , the structure and method of use of a single-use disposable set (SUDS)  190  and its interaction with MUDS  130  will now be described. Hereinafter, the SUDS  190  may be referred to as the administration line. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the fluid injector system  100  has a connection port  192  that is configured to form a releasable fluid connection with at least a portion of the SUDS  190 . In some examples, the connection port  192  may be formed on the MUDS  130 . The connection port  192  may be shielded by at least a portion of the housing  102  of the fluid injector system  100 . For example, recessing the connection port  192  within the interior of the housing  102  may preserve the sterility of the connection port  192  by preventing or limiting a user or patient from touching and contaminating the portions of the connection port  192  that contact the fluid to be injected into the patient. In some examples, the connection port  192  is recessed within an opening  194  formed on the housing  102  of the fluid injector system  100 , or the connection port  192  may have a shielding structure (not shown) that surrounds at least a portion of the connection port  192 . In other examples, the connection port  192  may be formed directly on the housing  102  and connected to the MUDS  130  by a fluid path (not shown). As described herein, the SUDS  190  may be connected to the connection port  192 , formed on at least a portion of the MUDS  130  and/or the housing  102 . Desirably, the connection between the SUDS  190  and the connection port  192  is a releasable connection to allow the SUDS  190  to be selectively disconnected from the connection port  192  ( FIG. 3A ) and connected to the connection port  192  ( FIG. 3B ). In some examples, the SUDS  190  may be disconnected from the connection port  192  and disposed after each fluid delivery procedure, and a new SUDS  190  may be connected to the connection port  192  for a subsequent fluid delivery procedure. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS. 3A and 3B , a waste inlet port  196  may be provided separately from the connection port  192 . The waste inlet port  196  is in fluid communication with the waste reservoir  156 . In some examples, the waste reservoir  156  is provided separately from the SUDS  190  such that the fluid from the waste inlet port  196  can be delivered to the waste reservoir  156 . At least a portion of the SUDS  190  may be releasably connected to or associated with the waste inlet port  196  for introducing waste fluid into the waste reservoir  156  during, for example, a priming operation that expels air from the SUDS  190 . The waste reservoir  156  may have a viewing window  198  with indicia  200 , such as graduated markings, that indicate the fill level of the waste reservoir  156 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 4A , the SUDS  190  has a fluid inlet port  202  that is configured for releasable connection with the connection port  192  (shown in  FIG. 3A ). The fluid inlet port  202  receives fluid delivered from the fluid injector system  100 . The fluid inlet port  202  is desirably a hollow, tubular structure, as shown in  FIG. 4B . The SUDS  190  further has a waste outlet port  204  that is configured for releasable connection or association with the waste inlet port  196  (shown in  FIG. 3A ). The waste outlet port  204  receives waste fluid and delivers such waste fluid to the waste reservoir  156  during, for example, a priming or flushing operation of the SUDS  190 . The waste outlet port  204  is desirably a hollow, tubular structure, as shown in  FIG. 4B . The waste outlet port  204  may be connected to, inserted into, or located in the waste inlet port  196  so that the waste fluid may flow through the waste inlet port  202  and continue into the waste reservoir  156 . The fluid inlet port  202  and the waste outlet port  204  may be spaced apart from each other by a spacer  206 . In some examples, the spacer  206  is dimensioned to position the fluid inlet port  202  and the waste outlet port  204  for alignment with the connection port  192  and the waste inlet port  196 , respectively. It is noted that the SUDS  190  is shown in  FIG. 4A  in a state after removal from packaging (not shown). Prior to use, the SUDS  190  is desirably packaged in a pre-sterilized, sealed package that protects the SUDS  190  from contamination with airborne or surface-borne contaminants. Alternatively, the sealed package and the SUDS  190  may be sterilized after packaging. 
     The SUDS  190  desirably has an asymmetrical structure, so that the user can only attach the SUDS  190  to the MUDS  130  in one orientation. In this manner, the user is prevented from attaching the fluid inlet port  202  to the waste inlet port  196 . In some examples, a fin  207  may be provided on at least a portion of the SUDS  190  to prevent erroneous insertion of the SUDS  190  in the connection port  192 . In certain examples, the fin  207  may be formed on the spacer  206  proximate to the waste outlet port  204 . In this manner, the fin  207  may interfere with the incorrect insertion of the SUDS  190  into the connection port  192 . Structures and shapes other than the fin  207  may be used to prevent erroneous insertion of the SUDS  190  into the connection port  192 . 
     In some examples, tubing  208 , may be connected at its proximal end  210  to the fluid inlet port  202 . The tubing  208  is configured to deliver fluid received from the fluid inlet port  202 . The distal end  212  of the tubing  208  may have a connector  214 , which may include a one-way check valve, that is configured for connection with the waste outlet port  204  or a fluid path connected to the patient (not shown). The tubing  208  may be made from a flexible material, such as a medical grade plastic material, that allows the tubing  208  to be coiled. The connector  214  may be a luer-lock connector (either a male luer-lock connector or a female luer-lock connector depending on the desired application) or other medical connector configuration. In some examples, the connector  214  may include a one-way check valve  280  therein, as shown in  FIGS. 4B and 4C , to prevent backflow of fluid into the tubing  208  from a catheter or other component attached to the connector  214 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 4A , the SUDS  190  may have a locking tab  216  that is configured for selectively locking the SUDS  190  with the fluid injector system  100  depending on the engagement of the locking tab  216  with at least a portion of the fluid injector system  100 . In some examples, the locking tab  216  may be a flexible tab that is deflectable between an engaged position and a disengaged position by deflecting at least a portion of the locking tab  216 . The locking tab  216  may have a pressing surface  218  that, when pressed, causes the locking tab  216  to be deflected from the engaged position to the disengaged position for insertion and removal of the SUDS  190  from the fluid injector system  100 . In some examples, the locking tab  216  may be configured for releasable locking engagement with a receiving slot  217  on the MUDS  130  (shown in  FIG. 4C ). 
     With reference to  FIG. 4B , the SUDS  190  may have a first annular skirt  224  extending circumferentially around a proximal end  226  of the fluid inlet port  202  and a second annular skirt  220  extending circumferentially around a distal end  222  of the fluid inlet port  202 . The first and second annular skirts  224 ,  220  surround the fluid inlet port  202  to prevent inadvertent contact and contamination. The first annular skirt  224  may have one or more recesses  228  (shown in  FIG. 4A ) extending through a sidewall thereof. The one or more recesses  228  may provide a locking interface with a corresponding locking element (not shown) on the fluid injector system  100 . The second annular skirt  220  may have at least one indentation  230  (shown in  FIG. 4A ) to facilitate grasping and handling of the SUDS  190 . In some examples, the second annular skirt  220  may have a textured surface having one or more ribs to facilitate gripping and handling of the SUDS  190 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 4B , at least one annular seal  234  may be provided around the proximal end  226  of the fluid inlet port  202 . The at least one annular seal  234  may seal the fluid inlet port  202  to prevent fluid from leaking through the SUDS  190 . The at least one annular seal  234  may provide a fluid seal between the SUDS  190  and the MUDS  130  when they are fluidly connected with one another to allow fluid to flow from the MUDS  130  to the SUDS  190  without leaking. A one-way check valve  236  may be provided within a lumen of the fluid inlet port  202  to prevent fluid from flowing in a reverse direction from the SUDS  190  into the MUDS  130 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 4C , the SUDS  190  shown in  FIG. 4A  is shown connected to the fluid injector system  100 . While  FIG. 4C  illustrates the connection port  192  formed on the MUDS  130 , in other examples, the connection port  192  may be formed on a portion of the housing  102  (shown in  FIG. 1 ). The fluid inlet port  202  of the SUDS  190  is connected to the connection port  192  to establish a fluid path in a direction of arrow F shown in  FIG. 4C . Fluid passing through the fluid inlet port  202  flows through the one-way valve  236  and into the tubing  208 . Any fluid that may drip from the interface between the fluid inlet port  202  and the connection port  192  is collected in the waste reservoir  156 . The waste reservoir  156  may be shaped to collect any fluid that may drip from the SUDS  190  when it is removed from the MUDS  130 . Additionally, when the SUDS  190  is connected to the connection port  192 , the outlet of the waste outlet port  204  is positioned within the waste inlet port  196  such that waste fluid from the tubing  208  may be discharged into the waste reservoir  156 . The spacer  206  may define an insertion stop surface to define the depth of insertion of the SUDS  190  into the connection port  192 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 5 , the fluid injector system  100  may have a sensor system  238  adapted to identify when the SUDS  190  is in fluid communication with the MUDS  130 . The sensor system  238  may include at least one sensing element, such as a sensor fin  240 , on the SUDS  190  and a corresponding sensor  242  on the fluid injector system  100  or MUDS  130 . The sensor  242  may be configured to detect the presence and absence of the at least one sensor fin  240  or other sensing element. In some examples, the sensing element, such as the at least one sensor fin  240 , is formed on the locking tab  216  of the SUDS  190 , such as shown in  FIG. 4A . In other examples, the sensing element, such as the at least one sensor fin  240 , may be formed on any portion of the SUDS  190 . The sensor  242  may be an optical sensor that is seated and secured within a respective mount formed on the housing  102  of the fluid injector system  100 . As will be appreciated by those versed in the field of powered medical fluid injectors, the sensor  242  may be electronically coupled to an electronic control device used to discretely control operation of the fluid injector system, such as the operation of the one or more piston elements, based, at least in part, on input from the sensor  242 . The sensing element, such as the sensor fin  240 , may have one or more reflective surfaces that reflect visible or infrared light to be detected by the sensor  242 . In other examples, mechanical interaction between the sensing element and the sensor  242  may be used. 
     In some examples, the SUDS  190  may further include reuse prevention features. For example, the SUDS  190  may include one or more breakable sensor elements, tabs, or structures that fold or break when the SUDS  190  is removed from the MUDS  130 . Absence of these features may prevent reinsertion and reuse of the SUDS  190  after removal. In this manner, it can be assured that the SUDS  190  is only used for one fluid delivery procedure. 
     Other examples and features of the SUDS  190  are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0331951, filed Jul. 7, 2016 and entitled “Single-Use Disposable Set Connector”, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     Having generally described the components of the fluid injector system  100 , the MUDS  130 , and the SUDS  190 , a method of operation of using the SUDS  190  will now be described in detail. In use, a medical technician or user removes the disposable SUDS  190  from its packaging (not shown) and inserts the fluid inlet port  202  into the connection port  192  on the MUDS  130 . As described above, the SUDS  190  must be inserted in the correct orientation such that the fluid inlet port  202  is aligned for connection with the connection port  192  and the waste outlet port  204  is aligned for connection with the waste inlet port  196 . The SUDS  190  may be secured to the MUDS  130  by inserting the locking tab  216  into the receiving slot  217  on the MUDS  130 . Once the SUDS  190  is securely connected to the MUDS  130 , for example as sensed by the sensor  242 , the fluid injector system  100  (shown in  FIG. 1 ) draws fluid into one or more of the plurality of syringes  132  of the MUDS  130  and performs an automatic priming or flushing operation for removing air from the MUDS  130  and the SUDS  190 . During such priming or flushing operation, fluid from the MUDS  130  is injected through the connection port  192  and into the tubing  208  of the SUDS  190 . The fluid flows through the tubing  208 , the connector  214  and through the waste outlet port  204  and into the waste reservoir  156 . Once the automatic priming or flushing operation is completed, the tubing  208  may optionally be preloaded with an injection protocol by injecting fluid(s) from the MUDS  130  through the connection port  192 . Additional details of the preloading operation will be described later in greater detail. After the automatic priming or flushing operation and, optionally, the preloading operation are completed, the medical technician disconnects the connector  214  from the waste outlet port  204 . The connector  214  may then be connected to the patient via a catheter, vascular access device, needle, or additional fluid path set to facilitate fluid delivery to the patient. Once the fluid delivery is completed, the SUDS  190  is disconnected from the patient and the MUDS  130  by disengaging the locking tab  216  of the SUDS  190  from the receiving slot  217  on the MUDS  130 . The medical technician may then dispose of the SUDS  190 . In certain examples, removing the SUDS  190  from the MUDS  130  causes reuse prevention features (not shown) to activate, thereby preventing reinsertion and reuse of the SUDS  190 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 6 , an electronic control device  900  may be associated with the fluid injector system  100  to control the filling and delivery operations. In some examples, the electronic control device  900  may control the operation of various valves, piston members, and other elements to effect a desired filling or delivery procedure. For example, the electronic control device  900  may include a variety of discrete computer-readable media components. For example, this computer-readable media may include any media that can be accessed by the electronic control device  900 , such as volatile media, non-volatile media, removable media, non-removable media, transitory media, non-transitory media, etc. As a further example, this computer-readable media may include computer storage media, such as media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data; random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, or other memory technology; CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVDs), or other optical disk storage; magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices; or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the electronic control device  900 . Further, this computer-readable media may include communications media, such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and include any information delivery media, wired media (such as a wired network and a direct-wired connection), and wireless media (such as acoustic signals, radio frequency signals, optical signals, infrared signals, biometric signals, bar code signals, etc.). Of course, combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
     The electronic control device  900  further includes a system memory  908  with computer storage media in the form of volatile and non-volatile memory, such as ROM and RAM. A basic input/output system (BIOS) with appropriate computer-based routines assists in transferring information between components within the electronic control device  900  and is normally stored in ROM. The RAM portion of the system memory  908  typically contains data and program modules that are immediately accessible to or presently being operated on by a processor  904 , e.g., an operating system, application programming interfaces, application programs, program modules, program data, and other instruction-based computer-readable codes. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 6 , the electronic control device  900  may also include other removable or non-removable, volatile or non-volatile, transitory or non-transitory computer storage media products. For example, the electronic control device  900  may include a non-removable memory interface  910  that communicates with and controls a hard disk drive  912 , e.g., a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic medium; and a removable, non-volatile memory interface  914  that communicates with and controls a magnetic disk drive unit  916  (which reads from and writes to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk  918 ), an optical disk drive unit  920  (which reads from and writes to a removable, non-volatile optical disk  922 , such as a CD ROM), a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port  921  for use in connection with a removable memory card, etc. However, it is envisioned that other removable or non-removable, volatile or non-volatile computer storage media can be used in an exemplary computing system environment  902 , including, but not limited to, magnetic tape cassettes, DVDs, digital video tape, solid state RAM, solid state ROM, etc. These various removable or non-removable, volatile or non-volatile magnetic media are in communication with the processor  904  and other components of the electronic control device  900  via a system bus  906 . The drives and their associated computer storage media, discussed above and illustrated in  FIG. 6 , provide storage of operating systems, computer-readable instructions, application programs, data structures, program modules, program data, and other instruction-based, computer-readable code for the electronic control device  900  (whether duplicative or not of this information and data in the system memory  908 ). 
     A user may enter commands, information, and data into the electronic control device  900  through certain attachable or operable input devices, such as the user interface  124  shown in  FIG. 1 , via a user input interface  928 . A variety of such input devices may be utilized, e.g., a microphone, a trackball, a joystick, a touchpad, a touch-screen, a scanner, etc., including any arrangement that facilitates the input of data and information to the electronic control device  900  from an outside source. As discussed, these and other input devices are often connected to the processor  904  through the user input interface  928  coupled to the system bus  906 , but may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port, or a USB. Still further, data and information can be presented or provided to a user in an intelligible form or format through certain output devices, such as a monitor  930  (to visually display this information and data in electronic form), a printer  932  (to physically display this information and data in print form), a speaker  934  (to audibly present this information and data in audible form), etc. All of these devices are in communication with the electronic control device  900  through an output interface  936  coupled to the system bus  906 . It is envisioned that any such peripheral output devices be used to provide information and data to the user. 
     The electronic control device  900  may operate in a network environment  938  through the use of a communications device  940 , which is integral to the electronic control device  900  or remote therefrom. This communications device  940  is operable by and in communication with the other components of the electronic control device  900  through a communications interface  942 . Using such an arrangement, the electronic control device  900  may connect with or otherwise communicate with one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer  944 , which may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network personal computer, a peer device, or other common network nodes, and typically includes many or all of the components described above in connection with the electronic control device  900 . Using appropriate communication devices  940 , e.g., a modem, a network interface or adapter, etc., the computer  944  may operate within and communicate through a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN), but may also include other networks such as a virtual private network (VPN), an office network, an enterprise network, an intranet, the Internet, etc. 
     As used herein, the electronic control device  900  includes or is operable to execute appropriate custom-designed or conventional software to perform and implement the processing steps of the method and system of the present disclosure, thereby forming a specialized and particular computing system. Accordingly, the method and system may include one or more electronic control devices  900  or similar computing devices having a computer-readable storage medium capable of storing computer-readable program code or instructions that cause the processor  904  to execute, configure, or otherwise implement the methods, processes, and transformational data manipulations discussed hereinafter in connection with the present disclosure. Still further, the electronic control device  900  may be in the form of a personal computer, a personal digital assistant, a portable computer, a laptop, a palmtop, a mobile device, a mobile telephone, a server, or any other type of computing device having the necessary processing hardware to appropriately process data to effectively implement the fluid injector system, the computer program product and the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure. 
     It will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant arts that the system may utilize databases physically located on one or more computers which may or may not be the same as their respective servers. For example, programming software on the electronic control device  900  can control a database physically stored on a separate processor of the network or otherwise. 
     In some examples, the electronic control device  900  may be programmed so that automatic refill occurs based upon a preprogrammed trigger minimum volume in the respective syringes  132 . For example, when the volume of fluid remaining in at least one of the syringes  132  is less than a programmed volume, a syringe refill procedure is automatically initiated by the electronic control device  900 . The electronic control device  900  associated with the fluid injector system  100  may determine that the preprogrammed trigger minimum volume has been reached by tracking the fluid volume dispensed from the respective syringes  132  during operation of the fluid injector system  100 . Alternatively, fluid level sensors may be incorporated into the fluid injector system  100  and inputs from these fluid level sensors may be provided to the electronic control device  900  so that the electronic control device  900  may determine when the preprogrammed trigger minimum volume has been reached in at least one of the syringes  132 . The fill volume and rate of refill can be preprogrammed in the electronic control device  900 . The automatic refill procedure can be stopped either automatically by the electronic control device  900  or may be manually interrupted. In addition, an automatic refill procedure may be initiated when, at the completion of a fluid injection procedure, there is not enough fluid in at least one of the syringes  132  to perform the next programmed fluid injection procedure. 
     During a refill procedure it is possible that one or more of the bulk fluid sources  120  associated with the respective syringes  132  may become empty (e.g., initially lack sufficient fluid to complete a full refill of the one or more syringes  132 ). A replacement bulk fluid source  120  is, therefore, necessary and replacement of such bulk fluid source  120  is desirably made quickly. The fluid injector system  100  may have an indicator, such as an audible and/or visual indicator, to indicate to the operator that a change of the bulk fluid source  120  is necessary before the fluid injector system  100  may be used. 
     As described above, the fluid injector system  100  may automatically or manually prime the MUDS  130  and the SUDS  190  once the SUDS  190  is securely connected to the MUDS  130 , for example, as sensed by the sensor  242 . During such a priming operation, saline, or another suitable diluent, is injected from the MUDS  130  through the connection port  192 , into the tubing  208  of the SUDS  190 , and into the waste reservoir  156 . Flow of the priming fluid toward the waste reservoir  156  purges extant fluid from the fluid injector system  100  by forcing any extant fluid in SUDS  190  and/or in the manifold  148  of the MUDS  130  out the distal end  212  of the tubing  208 . The priming fluid thus replaces any extant fluid in the SUDS  190  with the priming fluid. During the priming operation, various components of the fluid injector system  100  may communicate with the electronic control device  900  to continuously or intermittently monitor a pressure generated during delivery of the priming fluid from the MUDS  130  through the SUDS  190 . By monitoring this pressure, the electronic control device  900  can determine various characteristics of the SUDS  190  and associated components. In various aspects or examples of the present disclosure, the electronic control device  900  may be utilized to determine whether the SUDS  190  has been previously used, whether the SUDS  190  has been fully primed, the presence of an additional fluid path set component connected to the connector  214  of the SUDS  190 , the length of the SUDS  190 , and/or the age of the SUDS  190 . These and other aspects and examples of the present disclosure will be discussed in detail herein. 
     In some aspects or examples, the electronic control device  900  may be utilized to determine whether the SUDS  190  has been previously used based on an extant fluid displaced from the SUDS  190  during the priming thereof. If unused, the SUDS  190  may be initially filled with a gas, such as air or another gas injected into the SUDS  190  during manufacture and/or packaging, whereas a used SUDS  190  may be filled with a liquid, such as a residual medical liquid from a previously performed injection protocol. The electronic control device  900  may determine whether the extant fluid displaced from the SUDS  190  during priming was a gas, indicating that the SUDS  190  is unused, or a liquid, indicating that the SUDS  190  was previously used. The determination of whether the extant, displaced fluid is a gas or liquid may be based on a pressure profile generated during priming of the SUDS  190 . The pressure profile may be obtained by measuring the pressure generated as a result of displacing extant fluid from the SUDS  190  at predetermined time intervals as the priming fluid is injected through the SUDS  190  during the priming operation of the SUDS  190 . Hereinafter, this pressure profile, which represents actual measured pressure of the priming operation over time, will be referred to as the “distinct pressure profile”. 
     To determine whether the extant fluid displaced from the SUDS  190  during priming was a gas or a liquid, the electronic control device  900  may compare the distinct pressure profile to a predetermined pressure profile. The predetermined pressure profile is representative of pressure expected to be generated within an exemplary SUDS by the priming fluid over a course of a priming operation performed on the exemplary SUDS. In particular, the predetermined pressure profile may be representative of the pressure expected to be generated in an unused SUDS during an identical priming operation to that performed on the actual subject SUDS  190 . The predetermined pressure profile may be obtained through pressure measurement of an exemplary SUDS known to be unused. 
     Correlation between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile is indicative of whether the SUDS  190 , prior to the priming operation, contained gas as the extant fluid or liquid as the extant fluid. Predetermined pressure profiles for various exemplary SUDS may be presented graphically to facilitate interpretation and comparison of a predetermined pressure profile and a distinct pressure profile.  FIG. 7  illustrates a graph  700 , including a graphical representation of a first predetermined pressure profile  710  and a graphical representation of a second predetermined pressure profile  720 , with time on the x-axis and pressure on the y-axis. In the example shown in  FIG. 7 , time is presented in units of 200 milliseconds (ms) and pressure is presented in units of kilopascals (kPa). For the first predetermined pressure profile  710 , the graphed pressure corresponds to expected pressure for an exemplary SUDS known to be unused, whereas for the second predetermined pressure profile  720 , the graphed pressure corresponds to expected pressure for an exemplary SUDS known to have been used.  FIG. 7  further includes a graphical representation of a distinct pressure profile  730  generated during priming of the SUDS  190 . The graphed time begins at 0 ms, corresponding to initiation of the priming operation, and extends through completion of the priming operation. 
     Various events over the course of the priming operation may be appreciated from the graph  700  of  FIG. 7  by identifying specific pressure values and/or changes in pressure values over time. A first inflection point  712  of the first predetermined pressure profile  710  may correspond to a time at which the priming fluid passes through the one-way check valve  236  of the fluid inlet port  202  of the exemplary SUDS. In particular, the pressure change at a first inflection point  712  indicates the one-way check valve  236  being opened in response to an accumulation of fluid pressure in the MUDS  130  leading into the exemplary SUDS. Similarly, a second inflection point  714  of the predetermined pressure profile  710  may correspond to a time at which the priming fluid passes through the one-way check valve  280  in the connector  214  at the distal end of the exemplary SUDS. The pressure change at the second inflection point  714  indicates the one-way check valve  280  being opened in response to an accumulation of fluid pressure in the exemplary SUDS. Subsequent to the second inflection point  714 , pressure fluctuation of the predetermined pressure profile  710  settles to a steady state portion  716  corresponding to a time interval over which the priming fluid flows freely through both of the one way check valves  236 ,  280  of the exemplary SUDS. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 7 , the graphical representation of the second predetermined pressure profile  720  may include a first inflection point  722 , a second inflection point  724 , and a steady state portion  726 . The first inflection point  722  may correspond to a time at which the priming fluid passes through the one-way check valve  236  of the fluid inlet port  202  of the exemplary SUDS, the second inflection point  724  may correspond to a time at which the priming fluid passes through the one-way check valve  280  in the connector  214  of the exemplary SUDS, and the steady state portion  726  may correspond to a time interval over which the priming fluid flows freely through both of the one way check valves  236 ,  280  of the exemplary SUDS. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 7 , the graphical representation of the distinct pressure profile  730  may include a first inflection point  732 , a second inflection point  734 , and a steady state portion  736 . The first inflection point  732  may correspond to a time at which the priming fluid passes through the one-way check valve  236  of the fluid inlet port  202  of the SUDS  190 , the second inflection point  734  may correspond to a time at which the priming fluid passes through the one-way check valve  280  in the connector  214  of the SUDS  190 , and the steady state portion  736  may correspond to a time interval over which the priming fluid flows freely through both of the one way check valves  236 ,  280  of the SUDS  190 . 
     In  FIG. 7 , the exemplary SUDS represented by the first predetermined pressure profile  710  is unused, meaning that the extant fluid contained in the exemplary SUDS prior to priming was a gas. In contrast, the exemplary SUDS represented by the second predetermined pressure profile  720  was previously used, meaning that the extant fluid contained in the exemplary SUDS prior to priming was at least partly a liquid. The distinct pressure profile  730  is illustrative of an unused SUDS  190 . 
     Having generally described the characteristics of the pressure profiles in general, a method  800  of detecting reuse of the SUDS  190  in accordance with some aspects and examples of the present disclosure will be described with reference to  FIG. 8 . At step  802 , the method  800  may include providing a memory for storing the predetermined pressure profile  710 . The memory may be, for example, the hard disk drive  912  or another memory device integral with or in communication with the electronic control device  900 . In particular, the memory may store, as a database, the individual pressure measurements and corresponding time indices of the first and second predetermined pressure profiles  710 ,  720 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 8 , at step  804 , the method  800  may further include actuating at least one drive component, such as one or more of the piston elements  103 , of the fluid injector system  100  to prime the SUDS  190 . The priming operation of step  804  may be performed substantially as described above, including the injection of saline, or another suitable diluent, from the MUDS  130  through the connection port  192 , into the tubing  208  of the SUDS  190 , and into the waste reservoir  156 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 8 , at step  806 , the method  800  may further include determining the distinct pressure profile  730 , as described above, by measuring the pressure generated during the priming of the SUDS  190  during the priming operation of step  804 . In some aspects or examples, the pressures generated during the priming of the SUDS  190  represented in the distinct pressure profile  730  may be obtained and/or derived by measuring the current drawn by the electro-mechanical drive component, i.e. the motor current, of the piston element  103  injecting the priming fluid. In other aspects or examples, the pressures generated during the priming of the SUDS  190  represented in the distinct pressure profile  730  may be obtained and/or derived by one or more pressure transducers (not shown) mounted in the MUDS  130  and/or the SUDS  190  in fluid communication with the priming fluid. Other methods of pressure measurement may be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art. In some aspects or examples, each pressure measurement of the distinct pressure profile  730 , along with a corresponding time index indicating the relative time at which each pressure measurement occurred, may be stored in the hard disk drive  912  or another memory device integral with or in communication with the electronic control device  900 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 8 , at step  808 , the method  800  may further include comparing the distinct pressure profile  730  to at least one of the first and second predetermined pressure profiles  710 ,  720 . Various methods of comparing the distinct pressure profile  730  to at least one of the first and second predetermined pressure profiles  710 ,  720  may be utilized. In some aspects or examples, the electronic control device  900  may compare the pressure measurements and/or time indices associated with the first inflection point  712 , the second inflection point  714 , and the steady state portion  716  of the first predetermined pressure profile  710  with the pressure measurements and/or time indices associated with the first inflection point  732 , the second inflection point  734 , and the steady state portion  736  of the distinct pressure profile  730 . Alternatively, or in addition, the electronic control device  900  may compare the pressure measurements and/or time indices associated with the first inflection point  722 , the second inflection point  724 , and the steady state portion  726  of the second predetermined pressure profile  720  with the pressure measurements and/or time indices associated with the first inflection point  732 , the second inflection point  734 , and the steady state portion  736  of the distinct pressure profile  730 . In some aspects or examples, the electronic control device  900  may compare specific pressure measurements at similar or identical time indices of the first and/or second predetermined pressure profiles  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730 . 
     In some aspects or examples, step  808  may include normalizing, with the electronic control device  900 , one or both of the first and/or second predetermined pressure profiles  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730  to facilitate comparison of the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730 . In particular, the distinct pressure profile  730  may be normalized about the steady state portion  736  such that the pressure values within the steady state portion  736  are normalized to a value of one (1). The normalization may be performed by dividing each individual pressure measurement of the distinct pressure profile  730  by the steady state pressure value (e.g., an average of the values within the steady state portion  736 ). The first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720  may be normalized about the steady state portion  716  thereof in the same manner.  FIG. 9  shows a normalized graph  700 ′ of the graph of  FIG. 7 , with normalized first and second predetermined pressure profiles  710 ′,  720 ′ and a normalized distinct pressure profile  730 ′ being normalizations of the first and second predetermined pressure profiles  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730  of  FIG. 7 . Normalizing the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730  facilitates comparison regardless of individual machine and/or the calibration differences of the fluid injector system  100  as the steady state portions  716 ′,  726 ′,  736 ′ are normalized about a value of one (1). With the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730  normalized, the electronic control device  900  may, in some aspects or examples, compare an area under a curve of the normalized first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ′,  720 ′ to an area under a curve of the normalized distinct pressure profile  730 ′. 
     In some aspects or examples, step  808  may include comparing linear trendlines of the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730  over a predefined duration. A portion of the predetermined pressure profile  730  between two predetermined time indices may be fitted with a best-fit straight line. A portion of the distinct pressure profile  730  between the same two time indices may similarly be fitted with a best-fit straight line. The best-fit straight lines of the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730  may then be compared to determine characteristics of the SUDS  190  during the priming operation. 
     In other aspects or examples, step  808  may include a plurality of the comparison methods discussed above. Each of the comparison methods may be weighted as part of an overall comparison score from which conclusions regarding the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730  may be drawn. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 8 , at step  810 , the method  800  may further include determining, based on at least one result of the comparison of step  808 , whether the SUDS  190 , prior to the priming thereof at step  804 , contained at least one of a liquid as the extant fluid and a gas as the extant fluid. Various methods may be used to make the determination at step  810 . In general, the electronic control device  900  may determine a correlation between one or more features and/or values of the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730  compared at step  808 . If the correlation is within a specified tolerance, the electronic control device  900  may determine that the SUDS  190 , prior to being primed, contained an extant fluid of at least partly the same phase (e.g. liquid or gas) as the extant fluid contained in the exemplary SUDS. 
     In some aspects or examples, the electronic control device  900  may determine that the SUDS  190  contained a liquid or a gas as the extant fluid based on a correlation within a specified tolerance of the first inflection points  712 ,  722 ,  732  the second inflection points  714 ,  724 ,  734  and/or the steady state portions  716 ,  726 ,  736  of the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730 . In the example shown in  FIG. 7 , the first inflection point  712  of the first predetermined pressure profile  710  occurs at approximately 275 kpa and 700 ms, whereas the first inflection point  722  of the second predetermined pressure profile  720  occurs at approximately 350 kpa and 750 ms.  FIG. 7  further shows that the first inflection point  732  of the distinct pressure profile  730  occurs at approximately 240 kpa and 650 ms. If the correlation (e.g., the difference between the pressures and/or the difference between the time indices) falls within a specified tolerance (e.g., 10% difference), the electronic control unit  900  may determine that the SUDS  190  contained extant fluid in the same phase (e.g. liquid or gas), prior to the priming operation, as the exemplary SUDS. In contrast, if the correlation falls outside the specified tolerance, the electronic control unit  900  may determine that the SUDS  190  contained extant fluid in a different phase, prior to the priming operation, than the exemplary SUDS. In this example, the correlation of the pressures and time indices of the first predetermined pressure profile  710  and the distinct pressure profile  730 , and/or the correlation of the pressures and time indices of the second predetermined pressure profile  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730  fall outside the specified tolerance, and therefore the electronic control unit  900  may determine that the SUDS  190  contained extant fluid in a different phase, prior to the priming operation, than the exemplary SUDS. As the exemplary SUDS contained air prior to the priming operation, the electronic control unit  900  may therefore determine that the SUDS  190  contained liquid prior to being primed and thus had been used in a previously performed injection protocol. 
     In some aspects or examples, step  810  may include determining that the SUDS  190  contained a liquid or a gas as the extant fluid based on a correlation of the normalized first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ′,  720 ′ and the normalized distinct pressure profile  730 ′. In particular, the electronic control device  900  may determine whether the correlation between the area under the curve of the normalized distinct pressure profile  730 ′ is within a specified tolerance to the area under the curve of the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ′,  720 ′. If the electronic control device  900  makes a determination in the affirmative, the extant fluid contained in the SUDS  190  prior to priming was in the same phase as the extant fluid in the exemplary SUDS. If the electronic control device  900  makes a determination in the negative, the extant fluid contained in the SUDS  190  prior to priming was in a different phase than the extant fluid in the exemplary SUDS. Based on this determination, the electronic control unit  900  may determine whether the SUDS  190  has been used in a previously performed injection protocol. 
     In some aspects or examples, step  810  may include determining that the SUDS  190  contained a liquid or a gas as the extant fluid based on a correlation of best-fit lines of the first and second predetermined pressure profiles  710 ,  720  and the distinct pressure profile  730 . As with the above-described aspects, the electronic control unit  900  may determine that the SUDS  190  contained extant fluid in the same phase, prior to the priming operation, as the exemplary SUDS if the correlation falls within a specified tolerance. Conversely, the electronic control unit  900  may determine that the SUDS  190  contained extant fluid in a different phase, prior to the priming operation, than the exemplary SUDS if the correlation falls outside the specified tolerance. Based on this determination, the electronic control unit  900  may determine whether the SUDS  190  has been used in a previously performed injection protocol. 
     In other aspects or examples, step  810  may include a plurality of the above-described methods for determining whether the extant fluid contained in the SUDS  190 , prior to being primed, was a liquid or a gas. Each of these determinations may be weighted as part of an overall score from which conclusions regarding previous usage of the SUDS  190  may be drawn. 
     In some aspects or examples, the determination made at step  810  may be used to generate an alert indicating whether the SUDS  190  had been previously used. In particular, the electronic control unit  900  may generate the alert in response to determining that the SUDS  190 , prior to being primed, contained at least part liquid as the extant fluid and, therefore, was used in a previously performed injection protocol. The alert may be generated by the electronic control unit  900  in the form a visual, audio, tactile, or other sensory output configured to prompt the attention of a physician or other care provider. In some aspects or examples, the alert may be a graphic displayed on one or more user interfaces  124  of the fluid injector system  100 , a noise emitted from the speaker  934  of the fluid injector system  100 , or a combination thereof. 
     In some aspects or examples, the determination made at step  810  may be input into a compliance report generated by the electronic control unit  900 . The compliance report may be displayed on one or more user interfaces  124  of the fluid injector system  100  to provide visual feedback about compliance with hygienic practices, e.g., routine replacement of the SUDS  190 . The compliance report may also be stored in a compliance database for future analysis of hygienic practices. Further details of generating, displaying, and analyzing a compliance report utilizing the fluid injector system  100  are provided in International Patent Application No. PCT/US2019/026659, filed on Apr. 9, 2019 and entitled “System and Methods for Monitoring Hygiene Practices Associated with Use of Power Fluid Injector Systems”, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     In some aspects or examples, the determination made at step  810  may prevent commencement of the injection protocol if the electronic control unit  900  determines that the SUDS  190  had been previously used. In particular, the electronic control unit  900  may prohibit commencement of an enabled injection protocol in response to determining that the SUDS  190 , prior to being primed, contained at least part liquid as the extant fluid and, therefore, was used in a previously performed injection protocol. Conversely, the electronic control unit  900  may permit commencement of the enabled injection protocol in response to determining that the SUDS  190 , prior to being primed, contained gas as the extant fluid and, therefore, is unused. 
     As noted above, monitoring the pressure generated during the priming operation may also be utilized to determine characteristics of the SUDS  190  other than the extant fluid contained therein. In some aspects or examples, the electronic control unit  900  may determine whether the SUDS  190  has been fully primed based on the distinct pressure profile  730 .  FIG. 10  shows a method  850  that may be used in determining whether the SUDS  190  has been fully primed. At step  852 , the method  850  may include identifying the first inflection point  732  in the distinct pressure profile  730  caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the one-way check valve  236  of the SUDS  190 . The electronic control unit  900  may identify the first inflection point  732  by identifying a sharp rise in pressure followed by a plateau in pressure due to opening of the check valve  236 . In some examples or aspects, the electronic control unit  900  may compare the distinct pressure profile  730  to the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720  and determine whether the first inflection point  732  of the distinct pressure profile  730  correlates within a specified tolerance to the first inflection point  712  of the first predetermined pressure profile  710  and/or the first inflection point  722  of the second predetermined pressure profile  720 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 10 , the method  850  may further include, at step  854 , identifying the second inflection point  734  in the distinct pressure profile  730  caused by the at least one fluid having passed through the one-way check valve  280  of the SUDS  190 . The electronic control unit  900  may identify the second inflection point  734  by comparing the distinct pressure profile  730  to the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720  and determining that the second inflection point  734  of the distinct pressure profile  730  correlates within a specified tolerance to the second inflection point  714 ,  724  of the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720 . If the electronic control unit  900  cannot identify the second inflection point  734  of the distinct pressure profile  730  correlated within the specified tolerance, the electronic control unit  900  may determine that the priming fluid has not reached the one-way check valve  280  and, thus, the SUDS  190  has not been fully primed. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 10 , the method  850  may further include, at step  856 , identifying the steady state portion  736  in the distinct pressure profile  730  caused by the priming fluid flowing freely after having passed through both one-way check valves  236 ,  280  of the SUDS  190 . The electronic control unit  900  may identify the steady state portion  736  by determining that the pressure is constant after a predetermined period of time during the priming operation. The electronic control unit  900  may identify the steady state portion  736  by comparing the distinct pressure profile  730  to the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720  and determining that the steady state portion  736  of the distinct pressure profile  730  correlates within a specified tolerance to the steady state portion  716 ,  726  of the first and/or second predetermined pressure profile(s)  710 ,  720 . If the electronic control unit  900  cannot identify the steady state portion  736  of the distinct pressure profile  730  as being so correlated within the specified tolerance, the electronic control unit  900  may determine that the priming fluid has not reached steady state and, thus, the SUDS  190  has not been fully primed. If the electronic control unit  900  identifies either the second inflection point  734  at step  854  or the steady state portion  736  at step  856 , the electronic control unit  900  may determine that the SUDS has been fully primed. 
     In some aspects or examples of the method  850 , only one of steps  854  and  856  may be performed. It is also noted that the method  850  as described above presumes that the SUDS  190  includes both one-way check valves  236  and  280 . However, in some aspects or examples, the one-way check valve  236  may be omitted, and the method  850  may be performed without step  852  since the first inflection point  732  would not be exhibited in the absence of the one-way check valve  236 . 
     In some aspects or examples, the electronic control unit  900  may determine a length of the SUDS  190  based on the distinct pressure profile  730 . The electronic control unit  900  may determine the elapsed time between the first inflection point  732  and the second inflection point  734  of the distinct pressure profile  730 , indicative of the time between the openings of the one-way check valves  236 ,  280 . The electronic control unit  900  may further determine the volume of fluid injected into the SUDS  190 , based on, for example, displacement of the piston elements  103  during this elapsed time, to determine an internal volume of the SUDS  190 . The internal volume of the SUDS  190  can be converted to length by dividing the internal volume by a known cross-sectional area of the tubing  208 . 
     In some aspects or examples, the electronic control unit  900  may determine a presence or absence of an additional fluid path set component connected to the connector  214  of the SUDS  190  based on the distinct pressure profile  730 . The presence of the additional fluid path set component, such as an extension line, may introduce additional characteristics to the distinct pressure profile  730 , such as a third inflection point or an increased steady state pressure. In particular, the additional fluid path set component may introduce an additional restriction to the fluid path, such as an additional one-way check valve or a narrower lumen, that causes a pressure inflection or increased steady state pressure as the priming fluid passes therethrough.  FIG. 11  shows a graph of the first predetermined pressure profile  710  and a modified distinct pressure profile  730 ″ representative of the SUDS  190  with the additional fluid path set component attached. The electronic control unit  900  may identify the increased pressure of the steady state portion  736 ″ of the modified distinct pressure profile  730 ″ relative to the pressure of the steady state portion  716  of the first predetermined pressure profile to determine that the additional fluid path set component is connected to the SUDS  190 . 
     In some aspects or examples, the electronic control unit  900  may account for any differences in pressure profiles depending on an age of the SUDS  190 .  FIG. 12  shows the first predetermined pressure profile  710 , representative of the relatively new or pristine (i.e. not aged) exemplary SUDS, in comparison to an aged second predetermined pressure profile  738  representative of an unused but aged exemplary SUDS. Additionally, a third predetermined pressure profile  740  is representative of a relatively new and previously-used exemplary SUDS, and a fourth predetermined pressure profile  742  is representative of an aged and previously-used exemplary SUDS. Various characteristics of the pressure profiles  710 ,  738 ,  740 ,  742  such as inflection points and steady state portions thereof may be identified, compared, and analyzed by the electronic control unit  900  as generally described herein in steps  808  and  810  of the method  800  to determine the age of the SUDSs represented by the pressure profiles  710 ,  738 ,  740 ,  742 . 
     In some aspects or examples, the electronic control unit  900  may account for any differences in pressure profiles depending on what fluid is in the manifold  148  at the start of the priming operation.  FIG. 13  illustrates the first predetermined pressure profile  710  representative of the unused exemplary SUDS coupled with the presence of saline as the fluid in the manifold  148 . Also illustrated are predetermined pressure profiles  744 ,  746 ,  748  representative of (i) an unused exemplary SUDS with contrast as the fluid in the manifold  148 , (ii) a previously used exemplary SUDS with saline as the fluid in the manifold  148 , and (iii) a previously used exemplary SUDS with contrast as the fluid in the manifold  148 , respectively. Various characteristics of the predetermined pressure profiles  710 ,  744 ,  746 ,  748 , such as inflection points and steady state portions thereof, may be identified, compared, and analyzed by the electronic control unit  900  as generally described herein in steps  808  and  810  of the method  800 . In this manner, the type of fluid (e.g., saline or contrast) in the manifold  148  at the start of the priming operation can be accounted for during comparison between the distinct pressure profile and the predetermined pressure profile. 
     In some aspects or examples of the present disclosure, the methods  800 ,  850 , as well as the other methods and processes described herein, may be implemented in the fluid injector system  100  by a computer program product. The computer program product may include at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium having one or more instructions executable by at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to execute all or part of the method  800 . In some examples or aspects, the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium and the at least one processor may include or correspond to the memory  908  and processor  904 , respectively, as described above with reference to  FIG. 6 . 
     While several examples of fluid injector systems, computer program products, and associated methods are shown in the accompanying drawings and described hereinabove in detail, other examples will be apparent to, and readily made by, those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. For example, it is to be understood that this disclosure contemplates that, to the extent possible, one or more features of any example can be combined with one or more features of any other example. Accordingly, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive.