Patent Publication Number: US-7914392-B2

Title: Golf practice system, method and apparatus

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION AND CLAIM TO PRIORITY 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/102,808, filed Apr. 11, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,228,649, and entitled “Golf Alignment Device, Method and Apparatus,” which is based on provisional application Ser. No. 60/564,218, filed Apr. 22, 2004, by Deane O. Elliot, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference and to which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. §§120 and 119(e)(1). 
     This application is also based on provisional application Ser. No. 60/880,371, filed Jan. 16, 2007, titled “Golf Ball Positioning Practice Device, Method and Apparatus”, by Deane O. Elliott, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference and to which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. §119(e)(1). 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a golf practice system having a practice mat, and first and second alignment devices. The first alignment device has a first light emitting device rotatably attached to a first housing and rotatable about a vertical axis. The first alignment device is secured to the mat proximate a first side. The first light emitting device projects a first light beam in a straight line extending outwardly in an adjustably selected first direction and defining a first visible reference line. The second alignment device has a second light emitting device rotatably attached to a second housing and rotatable about a vertical axis. The second alignment device is secured to the mat proximate a second side. The second light emitting device projects a second light beam in a straight line extending outwardly in an adjustably selected second direction and defining a second visible reference line. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The game of golf includes many “basics” that can make the game difficult if not grasped by the player. For example, proper grip, posture, stance, alignment and ball position may all affect a player&#39;s performance. There are many schools of thought with regard to ball position for a golfer. For example, golf students are sometimes taught to play every shot from the center of their stance, regardless of the club being used. Other instructors may teach the students to play every shot approximately 1 to 2 inches off their left heel (for right handed golfers). Other instructors may advise their students to move the ball placement from the center of the stance towards the left heel as club length increases. Unless the student is standing in front of a mirror or working directly with the instructor, it is often difficult for a student to determine whether the ball is properly positioned and aligned relative to his or her feet. 
     Various training devices, systems and methods have been developed for the game of golf in an effort to improve one&#39;s skill level. Some systems focus on proper ball position in relation to a player&#39;s stance. Some such systems include a mat with a first set of markings and/or lines thereon for aligning a player&#39;s feet, which correspond with a second set of markings for aligning a golf ball. Other devices provide a T-shaped or cross-shaped device having a first elongated measuring stick having markings for aligning a player&#39;s foot, and a second elongated stick perpendicular to the measuring stick for aligning the ball. Other devices include an elongated aiming rod that is secured to the shoe of the player. Such mats, measuring stick devices and aiming rods are relatively bulky and often difficult to set up and transport. In addition, many are impractical for use on a golf course. Furthermore, the markings or lines typically cannot be adjusted to account for different golfing styles. 
     Other systems provide a series of stripes disposed on a pair of golf shoes. The golfer may bring his or her feet close together so that the stripes on the left shoe are aligned with the stripes on the right shoe. Such systems are not as bulky as mats or elongated sticks. However, the reference lines provided on such shoes only provide an alignment line that is as long as the width of the golfer&#39;s shoes. Thus, such alignment markings do not provide an overly accurate or helpful reference line for aligning the golfer with the target. In addition, the lines on the shoes are not adjustable, and therefore may only be helpful for use with some clubs. 
     Relatively complex training systems have also been developed which monitor a player&#39;s movement when swinging a club. For example, some systems include a platform housing a tee manipulation mechanism which includes a plurality of transmitters for transmitting infrared beams along predetermined paths defining a three-dimensional space within the platform. The beams are positioned so that improper club or body position may be sensed by the system. The information may trigger a status light board, or it may be processed by a microprocessor for detailed analysis of the golfer&#39;s swing. Some such systems also include a video camera for additional analysis of the golfer&#39;s form. Other systems include a laser source coupled to an optics system remote from a player. A line of light is produced which is then aligned with the target path. The player is intermediate the system and target, and aligns the ball and club using the line of light. While such systems may provide feedback for a golfer, they are complicated and expensive. In addition, such systems are not for use on a course. 
     Other systems include a laser device that is used in conjunction with a mat. The mat includes a series of lines. The laser device is removably affixed to the player&#39;s clothes. The device projects a laser beam outwardly from the golfer, which is aligned with the lines on the mat. As noted above, systems requiring a mat are bulky and impractical for use on a course. 
     Other systems provide a laser device that is removably affixed to the player&#39;s clothes, and emits a laser beam toward the target. However, such devices are often inaccurate because they fail to provide a consistent reference line for the golfer. The orientation of the reference will change if the device is affixed to different positions on the golfer&#39;s clothes. Even if the device is affixed in the same position on the golfer&#39;s clothes each time, clothing such as pants and shirts typically move and flex as the golfer moves, or due to windy conditions. As such, the reference line emitted from the laser device moves as the golfer moves. Furthermore, such devices typically fail to provide for adjustment depending on the club being used, the desired ball position, and the specific playing style unique to a particular golfer. 
     Other training systems include a hand-held laser device that projects an I-shaped pattern on the ground in front on a player, having first and second parallel lines connected by an intermediate line perpendicular thereto. The player aligns his or her feet with an inner line. The ball is aligned with an outer line. While such laser devices are relatively portable, they do not provide an overly accurate system for ball and foot alignment given the projected pattern varies depending on how the golfer is holding the device. For example, the golfer must accurately align the pattern on the ground by holding the device the proper distance from his or her body. In addition, the device must be held at a proper angle. Typically, a golfer tires as the game progresses. In addition to focusing on the basics of the game, the golfer must now also focus on proper use of the handheld laser device. Any variation in position and angle of the device relative to the golfer and the ball may adversely affect proper alignment and ball position. Thus, such systems have not proven reliable or helpful for most golfers. 
     Other systems provide a laser device that may be attached to the player so that the laser beam is directed to a point on the ground in front of the golfer&#39;s feet. For example, the device may be clipped to the hat of the golfer. The beam is pointed at the ball or a reference point on the ground. Such devices attempt to aid the golfer in keeping his or her head down throughout the swing by providing the golfer a reference point on which to focus during the swing. However, such systems typically fail to provide a reference line for aligning the target. In addition, any movement of the golfer&#39;s head will change the position of the reference point. The golfer creates the reference point by simply positioning his or her head or moving the laser device. However, no guidance is provided as to whether the correct reference point is being created. In addition, such devices do not aid a golfer in aligning with the target, achieving proper ball position, or maintaining proper stance. 
     Various systems include a laser device that is mounted over the club head or integral with the club head. The device projects a laser beam perpendicular to the striking face. The beam is aligned with the target. However, the beam will move as the club head moves. Thus, such devices are typically provided on a putter, since putting usually involves only a limited range of club motion compared to other clubs. Even for use on a putter, such devices are not overly accurate since the club head will move. In addition, if the golfer is not properly gripping the club, the reference line created by the beam will not be accurate. For example, if the club face is “open”, the beam will not be correctly aligned with the target. 
     Therefore, there is a need for a golf alignment device and system that solves some or all of the above-noted problems. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The disclosed invention aids a golfer in achieving and maintaining proper alignment with respect to a target line and/or a reference line. The disclosed invention generates a visible, audible and/or tactile response indicating when a golfer is properly aligned with respect to the intended target line and/or the golf ball. 
     One of the more difficult aspects of golf for many golfers is mastering ball position with respect to the golfer&#39;s stance. For example, ball position for each of the most commonly-used woods (i.e. the driver, the 3-wood, and the 5-wood) varies according to most schools of thought. As the length of the shaft of the wood increases, the preferred ball position typically moves toward the lead foot of the golfer. However, it is often difficult for a golfer to know whether or not he or she is properly aligned with the ball during set-up. An embodiment of the present invention aids the golfer achieving proper ball position by projecting a light beam toward the tee or the ball at a predetermined angle relative to the golfer&#39;s lead foot. 
     A golf alignment system according to another embodiment of the present invention includes first and second shoes forming a pair. The first shoe has at least one transmitter disposed on an instep portion thereof. The transmitter transmits a signal. The second shoe has at least one receiver disposed on an instep portion thereof. The receiver is activated by the signal when the first shoe is in a predetermined position relative to the second shoe. The system also includes a sensor in communication with the receiver, which senses activation of the receiver. The sensor generates a command signal if the receiver is activated. An indicator is in communication with the sensor. The indicator is actuated after receiving the command signal. 
     A golf alignment system according to another embodiment includes first and second shoes forming a pair. The first shoe has a light emitting device disposed on an instep portion thereof. The light emitting device projects a light beam in a straight line extending outwardly from the instep portion. The second shoe has at least one reference mark disposed on an instep thereof for aligning the light beam therewith. The first shoe is in a predetermined desired position relative to the second shoe when the light beam is aligned with the reference mark. 
     A golf alignment system according to another embodiment includes a pair of golf shoes having a first shoe and a second shoe. A light emitting device is pivotally attached to the first shoe. The light emitting device projects a light beam in a straight line extending outwardly in an adjustably selected first direction. 
     The present invention is also directed to a visible light generating means secured to a shoe. The visible light generating means projects visible indication information with respect to one of a target and a target line. 
     The present invention is also directed to a golf practice system having a practice mat and first and second alignment devices. The first alignment device has a first light emitting device rotatably attached to a first housing and rotatable about a vertical axis. The first alignment device is secured to a first zone proximate a first side of the mat. The first light emitting device projects a first light beam in a straight line extending outwardly in an adjustably selected first direction and defines a first visible reference line. The second alignment device has a second light emitting device rotatably attached to a second housing and rotatable about a vertical axis. The second alignment device is secured to a second zone proximate a second side of the mat. The second light emitting device projects a second light beam in a straight line extending outwardly in an adjustably selected second direction and defines a second visible reference line. 
     A method of positioning and aligning a golf ball is also disclosed. A first alignment device is provided having a light emitting device rotatably attached to a base. The light emitting device projects a light beam in a straight line extending outwardly therefrom and defining a first visible reference line. A second alignment device is provided having a light emitting device rotatably attached thereto. The light emitting device projects a light beam in a straight line extending outwardly therefrom and defines a second visible reference line. The first and second light emitting devices are rotated about vertical axis to predetermined positions, so that the first and second visible reference lines intersect at an intersection point. A golf ball is positioned relative to the intersection point. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic view of a golf alignment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, with an alignment line and a signal path shown in phantom; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective fragmentary view of a golfer&#39;s legs and feet using the golf alignment system according to the first embodiment, with a target line shown in phantom; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic view of a golf alignment system according to another embodiment, with the target line shown in phantom; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic view of a golf alignment system according to another embodiment, with the alignment and target lines shown in phantom; 
         FIG. 4A  is a schematic view of a golf alignment system according to another embodiment, with the alignment line shown in phantom; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic view of a golf alignment system according to another embodiment, with the target line shown in phantom; 
         FIG. 6  is a side elevational view of a golf shoe having reference marks thereon according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 6A  is a schematic view of a golf alignment system according to another embodiment, with the target line shown in phantom; 
         FIG. 7  is a side elevational view of a golf shoe having a sole with light emitting devices integrated therein; 
         FIG. 8  is a side elevational view of a golf shoe with removably attached light emitting devices according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a bottom plan view of the golf shoe shown in  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a side elevational view of a golf shoe having a sole with reference marks thereon according to another embodiment; 
         FIG. 11  is a side elevational view of a golf shoe and a platform with reference marks thereon that may be removably attached to the golf shoe; 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic view of a golf alignment system according to another embodiment showing shoes in a first orientation, and shoes in a second orientation shown in phantom; 
         FIG. 13  is a top plan view of an input device for use with the golf alignment system of the present invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a top plan view of another input device for use with the golf alignment system of the present invention; 
         FIG. 15  is a top view of another input device for use with the golf alignment system of the present invention; 
         FIG. 16  is a schematic view of a golf alignment device according to another embodiment; 
         FIG. 17  is a side elevational view of the golf shoe and alignment device according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 18  is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the alignment device according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 18A  is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of an alignment device according to another embodiment; 
         FIG. 19  is a fragmentary top plan view of the alignment device according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 20  is a front elevational view of the alignment device according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 21  is a front elevational view of the alignment device according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 16  with a window covering a cavity opening; 
         FIG. 21A  is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the alignment device with a window clipped onto the housing; 
         FIG. 22  is a schematic view of another embodiment with light beams projecting in a first orientation; 
         FIG. 23  is a schematic view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 22  with light beams projecting in a second orientation; 
         FIG. 24  is a plan view of a golf practice system according to another embodiment, with a golfer&#39;s feet shown in phantom; 
         FIG. 25  is a side elevational view of an alignment device according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 26  is a top view of the alignment device of  FIG. 25 ; 
         FIG. 27  is a plan view of first and second alignment devices according to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 28  is a perspective view of the golf practice system of  FIG. 24 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     A golf alignment system  10  according to a first embodiment of the present invention is best shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . System  10  includes first and second golf shoes  12 ,  14  forming a pair. A transmitter  16  is disposed on an instep portion  18  of first golf shoe  12 . A receiver  20  is disposed on an instep portion  22  of second golf shoe  14 . Transmitter  16  transmits a signal (shown by dashed line S in  FIG. 1 ) which activates receiver  20  when first shoe  12  is in a predetermined position relative to second shoe  14 . Transmitter  16  may transmit a radio frequency signal which activates receiver  20 . Alternatively, transmitter  16  may transmit a light beam, such as a laser beam; receiver  20  may include a light sensor which is activated by the light beam transmitted by transmitter  16 . For example, receiver  20  may be activated by the transmitted signal when first and second shoes  12 ,  14  are aligned in a ‘square’ set-up position, wherein the toe portions  24 ,  26  of first and second shoes  12 ,  14 , respectively, are aligned (as shown by dashed line A in  FIG. 1 ) and parallel to a target line (as shown by dashed line TL in  FIG. 2 ). 
     Receiver  20  is in communication with a sensor, or includes an integral sensor component, which senses activation of receiver  20 . The sensor generates a command signal upon activation of receiver  20 . The sensor is in communication with an indicator device, and transmits the command signal to the indicator. The indicator device is actuated upon receipt of the command signal. Upon actuation, the indicator device provides an audible, visible and/or tactile indication that transmitter  16  is aligned with receiver  20  in the predetermined position. Additionally, receiver  20  and transmitter  16  may be adjusted so that the indicator device is actuated when receiver  20  and transmitter  16  are spaced by a predetermined distance (e.g. when a player&#39;s feet are spaced by a predetermined desired distance). 
     The indicator device is preferably a light emitting device  30  which projects a light beam LB (e.g. a laser beam) along the ground G in a straight line. Light emitting device  30  may be attached to one or both of first and second shoes  12 ,  14 . As best shown in  FIG. 2 , light emitting device  30  is preferably attached proximate toe portions  24 ,  26  of first and second shoes  12 ,  14 , respectively. However, light emitting device  30  may also be attached proximate heel portions  32 ,  34  of first and second shoes  12 ,  14 . Alternatively, light emitting device  30  may be attached proximate one or both outstep portions  36 ,  38  of first and second shoes  12 ,  14 , as best shown in  FIG. 4 . Light emitting device  30  may be attached to first and second shoes  12 ,  14  so that two separate light beams LB are projected on the ground outwardly from first and second shoes  12 ,  14  in opposite directions when light emitting devices  30  are actuated, as best shown in  FIGS. 2 and 4 . However, light emitting devices  30  may also be attached to toe portions  24 ,  26  so that the light beams LB extending from first and second shoes  12 ,  14  may be aligned to form a single reference line, as best shown in  FIG. 3 . Alternatively, more than one light emitting device  30  may be provided on each shoe, which thus project two or more parallel lines outwardly from shoe  12  and/or shoe  14 . For example, each shoe  12 ,  14  may include a first light emitting device  30  proximate toe portions  24 ,  26 , and a second light emitting device  30  proximate outstep portions  36 ,  38 . 
     In the first embodiment, light beams LB from light emitting devices  30  extend outwardly from first and second shoes  12 ,  14  in a direction substantially perpendicular to instep portions  18 ,  22 , as best shown in  FIGS. 2-4 . The light beam extending from first shoe  12  may be aligned with the light beam extending from second shoe  14  to aid a player in positioning his feet in the square set up position relative to target line TL. When transmitter  16  and receiver  20  are in proper alignment with one another, light emitting devices  30  are actuated, causing visible light beams LB to emanate outwardly from emitting devices  30  in a straight line proximate the ground, and parallel to the desired target line TL of the golfer. For example, light emitting devices  30  may emit laser beams. The visible line(s) acts as a reference line along which the golfer aligns his or her feet given the reference line is parallel to the target line TL. For example, the visible line may be aligned with a target such as the flag, or aligned parallel to the line the golfer may wish to putt along. In addition, such a visible line aids the golfer in ascertaining whether he or she is aligned to the right or to the left of the desired target. Further, the golfer may align his or her shoulders with the visible line, thereby aiding the golfer in proper shoulder position when addressing the ball B with respect to the intended target line TL. 
     Alternatively, the indicator device may be a vibrating device  30   a  attached to one or both of first and second shoes  12 ,  14 , as best shown in  FIG. 4A . Vibrating device  30   a  may be disposed in the sole of one or both of first and second shoes  12 ,  14 . When transmitter  16  and receiver  20  are in proper alignment with one another, vibrating device  30   a  vibrates so that a golfer feels a slight vibration and is thereby alerted to his or her proper alignment. Other indicator devices may also be incorporated into one or both of first and second shoes  12 ,  14 . For example, the indicator could include a speaker that emits an audible noise upon actuation. 
     A golf alignment system  40  according to a second embodiment is best shown in  FIG. 5 . System  40  includes first and second golf shoes  42 ,  44  forming a pair. First shoe  42  includes a light emitting device  46  disposed on an instep portion  48 , which projects a light beam LB in a straight line extending outwardly from instep portion  46 . Second shoe  44  has a plurality of visual reference marks  50  disposed on an instep portion  52 , as best shown in  FIG. 6 . When the light beam LB is aligned with one of reference marks  50 , first shoe  42  is in a predetermined position relative to second shoe  44 . First shoe  42  may also include a plurality of light emitting devices  46 , wherein each light emitting device  46  emits a light beam that may be aligned with a corresponding reference mark  50 , as best shown in  FIG. 6A . It should be understood that first shoe  42  may be either a right-footed shoe or a left-footed shoe, depending on the preference of the golfer. 
     Alignment of light emitting device(s)  46  with reference mark(s)  50  may indicate that a golfer is in a square set up position when addressing the ball B, as best shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6A . However, it may also be desirable to provide registration marks  50  that allow the golfer to set up in an “open” or “closed” position. This may be desirable to aid the golfer in aligning his or her feet to promote the ball trajectory in a “fade” or “draw” movement. Thus, the predetermined position need not be the square position. 
     Light emitting device  46  may be an integral part of first shoe  42 . For example, a plurality of light emitting devices  46  may be secured within corresponding cavities  51  in the sole  52  of first shoe  42 , as best shown in  FIG. 7 . Alternatively, light emitting device  46  may be removably attached to a shoe. For example, light emitting devices  46   a ,  46   b  may each include a housing  47  that is removably clipped onto either toe and heel portions  54 ,  56  of a shoe, as best shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
     Likewise, registration marks  50  may be integrally provided on a sole  58  of second shoe  44 , as best shown in  FIG. 10 . Alternatively, a platform  60  may be provided having registration marks  50  therein, which is removably attachable to a shoe, as best shown in  FIG. 11 . 
     A golf alignment system  60  according to a third embodiment of the present invention is best shown in  FIG. 12 . Similar to system  10 , system  60  includes first and second golf shoes  62 ,  64  forming a pair. A transmitter  66  is disposed on an instep portion  68  of first shoe  62 . Alternatively, first shoe  62  may also include a two or more transmitters  66  on instep portion  68 . Second shoe  64  includes a plurality of receivers  70  disposed on an instep portion  72  thereof. Transmitter(s)  66  transmits a signal which activates a particular receiver  70  depending on the positioning of first shoe  62  relative to second shoe  64 . For example, if first and second shoes  62 ,  64  are in a square position (shown in dashed lines), a central receiver  70   a  is aligned with and activated by transmitter  66 . However, if first shoe  62  is splayed outwardly relative to second shoe  64 , another particular receiver  70   b  is aligned with and activated by transmitter  66  (shown in solid lines). 
     Receivers  70  are in communication with a sensor which senses activation of one of receivers  70 . The sensor is able to distinguish which particular receiver  70  has been activated. The sensor generates a command signal upon activation of a receiver  70 , which is specific to that particular receiver  70 . 
     The sensor is in communication with an input device I having a microprocessor, such as a wrist or hand-held personal digital assistant, as best shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14 . Alternatively, input device I may be a laptop or desktop computer, as best shown in  FIG. 15 . Input device may communicate with the sensor via radio frequency technology, such as Bluetooth® technology, as understood by one skilled in the art. Input device I receives the command signal from the sensor, which indicates which receiver  70  has been activated. Based on the command signal received, input device I is able to determine a position of first shoe  62  relative to second shoe  64 . 
     Input device I preferably includes a display D for displaying the determined position. In one embodiment, input device I displays a recommended golf club corresponding to the determined position. Thus, activation of a particular receiver  70  corresponds to a setup position for a particular club. Input device I may include a user interface, such as a keyboard K, as best shown in  FIG. 15 , or stylus. A user may define each position by associating a selected club with a particular receiver. For example, the user may define activation of central receiver  70   a  as “PUTT”, so that upon activation of central receiver  70   a , “PUTT” will be displayed on display D of input device I. In this way, the user may ‘teach’ the system which club to associate with a particular foot position. 
     System  60  may also include an indicator device that is in communication the sensor. As described above, the sensor transmits a command signal to the indicator upon activation of a particular receiver  70 . The indicator device is actuated upon receipt of the command signal. Upon actuation, the indicator device provides an audible, visible and/or tactile response. 
     A user may disable activation of one or more of receivers  70  using the associated user interface to ensure that the indicator device is not actuated unless the golfer&#39;s feet are properly positioned and aligned. For example, the user may select “PUTT”, which disables activation of all receivers  70  except for central receiver  70   a . Thus, the indicator device will only be actuated if transmitter  66  is aligned with central receiver  70   a . In this way, first and second shoes  62 ,  64  must be properly aligned in a ‘putting stance’ in order for the indictor device to actuate. Preferably, indicator device is a light emitting device  30  as described above, though other visible, audible and/or tactile indicator devices may also be used. 
     Many golfers do not set up “exactly square” when striking the ball. As is commonly understood, golfers come in many shapes, sizes and abilities. People often adapt the “traditional” swing and setup due to differences in body shape, age, flexibility, ability, physical limitations, etc. System  60  accounts for such variations by allowing the user to define when a particular receiver  70  will be activated by linking activation of that particular receiver with a particular position. The particular position, in turn, may be defined by a particular club. Thus, activation of the particular receiver  70  indicates that shoes  62 ,  64  are properly aligned for the desired club. Because the user may ‘teach’ the system, system  60  may be tailored to a particular golfer&#39;s style, build, flexibility, etc. 
     A golf instructor could also use system  60  with a golf student to instruct the student the proper alignment or position of his or her feet and stance. The instructor could then associate activation of a particular receiver  70  with a particular club using input device I, thereby “teaching” system  60  the desired positions. The student could thereafter select a particular club or stance (for example “PUTTING”) on the display D using a conventional user interface. When the student&#39;s feet are properly aligned, the indicator (such as light emitting device  30 ) would be actuated. Thus, the student could practice proper stance without the supervision of the instructor. System  60  could also be integrated into the many software-based teaching packages utilized by golf instructors today. 
     A golf alignment device  80  according to a third embodiment is best shown in  FIGS. 16 ,  17  and  19 . Device  80  is configured to be attached to a golf shoe  82 , having a U-shaped housing  84  having first and second legs  86 ,  88  which are clipped around a toe portion  90  of shoe  82 . Device  80  is preferably removably attached to golf shoe  82 , so that any shoe may be retrofitted with device  80 . However, device  80  may also be permanently affixed to golf shoe  82  if desired. 
     As shoe in  FIG. 16 , device  80  is attached to a left-footed shoe. However, device  80  may also be attached to a right-footed shoe  82 ′ if desired. A light emitting device  92  is pivotally attached to housing  84 , as best shown in  FIG. 18 . Light emitting device  92  is preferably removably secured within a cavity  93  of housing  84 , as best shown in  FIGS. 18 and 20 . Light emitting device  92  may emit a laser, such as a battery powered pointer, that emits a visible light beam. Laser emitting device  92  may include a deflector or prism which deflects the laser beam to appear as a visible wall having a predetermined height. In this way, the laser beam will extend outwardly from the user even if the ground is uneven. Alternatively, two vertically spaced light emitting devices  92  may be disposed within device  80 , which produce parallel laser beams, as best shown in  FIG. 18A . Thus, a relatively inexpensive light emitting device  92  may be inserted into a pivotally attached holster within cavity  93 . Light emitting device  92  may then be easily removed and replaced if damaged or for battery replacement. A window  95  may be clipped onto housing  84  which encloses cavity  93 , as best shown in  FIGS. 21 and 21A . Window  95  permits the light beam LB from light emitting device  92  to pass through, while protecting light emitting device  92  from damage. Window  95  also minimizes the chance of any debris from entering cavity  93 . 
     Light emitting device  92  projects a light beam LB in a straight line extending outwardly from toe portion  90 , as best shown in  FIG. 16 . The direction of the light beam LB may be adjusted by pivoting light emitting device  92 . Light emitting device  92  may be pivotally attached so that the light beam may be adjusted 180°. Thus, the light beam LB may extend substantially perpendicular to and away from a center line L (shown in dashed line) of a golfer when the golfer is in a square position, substantially parallel to the center line L, or substantially perpendicular to and toward the center line L (relative to the lead foot of the golfer) when in a square position. Thus, the angle of the light beam LB emitted from a golfer&#39;s lead foot relative to center line L may be changed in accordance with the user&#39;s or instructor&#39;s preferences, and depending on the particular club being played. 
     Device  80  preferably includes an indicator dial  94  disposed on an upper surface  96  of housing  84 , as best shown in  FIG. 19 . Indicator dial  94  may be connected to light emitting device  92 , so that rotation of indicator dial  94  causes light emitting device  92  to rotate. Indicator dial  94  may include a reference arrow R which aligns with markings M on housing  84 . Preferably, indicator dial  94  includes a positive detent mechanism so that arrow R clicks into a position aligned with one of markings M. Markings M indicate predetermined directions in which the light beam LB projects when reference arrow is aligned therewith. For example, markings M may include numbers  3  through  9  (corresponding to the 3-iron, 4-iron, 5-iron, and so forth), and letters D (corresponding to the driver) and PW (corresponding to the pitching wedge). If a golfer wants to align the ball in the center of his stance (along center line L), indicator dial  94  is rotated until arrow R is aligned with marking number “7”. The rotation of indicator dial  94  causes light emitting device  92  to pivot so that the projected light beam LB extends outwardly at a predetermined angle relative to center line L. The golfer&#39;s stance is adjusted so that the light beam extends toward and/or into the desired target, such as the ball B, as best shown in  FIG. 16 . It should be understood that markings M on indicator dial  94  need not indicate the club being used. For example, markings M may indicate the position or angle of the light beam. 
     Indicator dial  94  may be directly connected to light emitting device  92 , so that manual rotation of dial  94  causes light emitting device  92  to pivot. Alternatively, device  80  may include a motor operatively associated with light emitting device  92  and in communication with a sensor. The sensor is in communication with an input device I, such as shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14 . A user selects a particular club on a display with a user interface. Upon making a selection, a signal is transmitted to the sensor, which causes the motor to rotate light emitting device  92  to a predetermined position. A series of predetermined positions are provided, which correspond to a particular selection. Following rotation of light emitting device  92  to the predetermined position via actuation of the motor, the light beam LB is projected outwardly in a corresponding direction. Each direction may be associated with the selection of a particular club. While the input device may be a wrist or hand-held PDA, it could also be a controller with a series of buttons, each button corresponding to a particular club (and therefore light beam direction). 
     Alternatively, device  80  could include a plurality of light emitting devices  92  disposed at various angles within housing  84 , each device  92  being in communication with a sensor. The sensor would be in communication with an input device I. The particular light emitting device  92  activated would be selected by the user, thereby selecting the angle at which the light beam LB projects. Further, the user could selectively associate activation of each light emitting device  92  with an angle, and therefore a particular club, using an associated user interface as described above. In this way, a user could ‘teach’ device  80  the angle of projection of a light beam to associate with a selected club. Thus, device  80  could be customized by the user to suit his or her particular style. The golfer could practice at a facility after light emitting devices  92  had been associated with particular clubs without supervision of a professional instructor. 
     Many golfers play lower irons and woods closer toward their lead foot, middle irons in the center of their stance, and higher irons and wedges toward their other (non-lead) foot. Thus, as indicator dial  94  is rotated from lower irons (and woods) to middle irons, the angle relative to center line L increases. For higher irons and wedges, the golfer may align the ball with the light beam, but position his or her body so that the ball is closer to the non-lead foot. 
     Device  80  aids the golfer with proper ball positioning with respect to his or her lead foot. In addition, device  80  may be used for providing a reference line toward a desired target by pivoting light emitting device  92  so that the light beam extends outwardly toward the target and substantially perpendicular to center line L. 
     Center line L is not a visible reference line for a golfer. Therefore, it may be advantageous to provide a visible intersection point for aligning the ball B. In order to provide an intersection point, a golf alignment system  100  according to a fourth embodiment is provided, as best shown in  FIG. 22 . System  100  is particularly helpful in aiding a golfer with proper ball position, and maintaining consistent ball placement for his or her particular body type, set-up, stance, etc. 
     System  100  includes first and second shoes  102 ,  104 . A light emitting device  80  is pivotally attached to each shoe  102 ,  104 . Each device  80  is preferably attached proximate toe portions  103 ,  105  of shoes  102 ,  104 , respectively. Each device  80  projects a light beam in a straight line extending outwardly therefrom. Each of devices  80  on shoes  102 ,  104  may be adjusted so that the light beam from device  80  on first shoe  102  may extend in a first direction, and the light beam from device  80  on second shoe  104  may extend in a second direction. Devices  80  on first and second shoes may be adjusted so that their associated light beams intersect. The light beams intersect at a point X in front of the golfer. For example, devices  80  may be adjusted so that the light beams intersect along the center line L, thereby indicating the center of the golfer&#39;s stance when the golfer is in a square set up position relative to a target line. The golfer may align his or her body in a desired position, such as a forward or a backward position relative to the ball, using the intersection point as a reference position. The golfer may then play the ball from the intersection point, at a position behind the intersection point (relative to the golfer&#39;s lead foot), or at a position in front of the intersection point (relative to the golfer&#39;s lead foot) depending on the type of shot and club selected. 
     The intersecting beams define an angle Z. Angle Z may correspond to a particular club selection best suited for that position, which is defined at the intersection point of the beams. For example, a 7-iron may be played in the center of the stance of a golfer (i.e. along center line L). Indicator dial  94  on shoe  102  is rotated to a marking M which indicates that the user has pivoted light emitting device  92  to a position for aligning the ball position when swinging a 7-iron. Indicator dial  94  on shoe  104  is also rotated to a marking M which corresponds to a position for aligning the ball position when swinging the 7-iron. Note that devices  80  on shoes  102 ,  104  would therefore be calibrated so that markings M on indicator dial  94  on shoe  102  (or  104 ) corresponded to the golfer&#39;s lead foot. Markings M on indicator dial  94  on shoe  104  (or  102 ) would correspond to the golfer&#39;s trailing foot. Thus, the calibration of device  80  would vary depending on whether it was for use with the lead foot or the trailing foot. As the beam is moved in the direction of the lead (or trailing) foot, indicator dial  94  is rotated to correspond to the desired club selection. 
     For example, the ball B is typically aligned with the left heel (of a right-handed golfer) when playing the driver, as best shown in  FIG. 23 . Indicator dial  94  on shoe  102  is rotated to a marking M which indicates that the user has pivoted light emitting device  92  to a position for aligning the ball position when swinging a driver. Indicator dial  94  on shoe  104  is also rotated to a marking M which corresponds to a position for aligning the ball position when swinging the driver. Light emitting devices  92  are thereby rotated so the their corresponding light beams are projected at predetermined angles relative to center line L. The intersection point X is aligned with the left heel of the golfer. 
     A golf practice system  200  according to another embodiment is best shown in  FIGS. 24 and 28 . System  200  preferably includes first and second alignment devices  202 ,  204  which may detachably mounted to a golf practice mat  206 . Alternatively, alignment devices  202 ,  204  may be permanently affixed to golf practice mat  206 . 
     First alignment device  202  includes a light emitting device  208  rotatably attached to a base  210 , as best shown in  FIG. 25 . Light emitting device  208  preferably emits a visible laser beam, such as described above for laser emitting device  92 . A relatively inexpensive light emitting device  208  may be inserted into a correspondingly configured chamber provided within a housing  212  that is rotatably attached to base  210 . Alternatively, light emitting device  208  may be integrally formed with housing  212  and/or secured to housing  212 . Second alignment device  204  is preferably similarly configured, and includes a second light emitting device  208  rotatably attached to another base  210 , as shown in  FIGS. 24 and 28 . 
     Light emitting device  208  of first alignment device  202  projects a light beam LB  1  in a straight line extending outwardly from housing  210 . The direction of the light beam LB 1  may be adjusted by rotating housing  212 . For example, housing  212  (and thus light emitting device  208 ) may be rotatably attached to base  210  so that the light beam LB 1  may be adjusted 180° or more. Thus, the light beam LB  1  may extend substantially perpendicular to and away from a center line  214  provided on mat  206 . Note that mat  206  need not include center line  214 . Alternatively, mat  206  may include additional lines for aiding the golfer in alignment. For example, mat  206  may include a side line  215  disposed proximate an edge of mat  206 , which may be substantially perpendicular to center line  214  for aligning the golfer&#39;s heels, as shown in  FIG. 24 . The angle of the light beam LB  1  emitted from first alignment device  202  may be adjusted relative to center line  214  and/or a golfer&#39;s feet RF, LF in accordance with the user&#39;s or instructor&#39;s preferences, and depending on the particular club being played. 
     Likewise, light emitting device  208  of second alignment device  204  projects a second light beam LB 2  in a straight line extending outwardly from base  210 . The direction of the light beam LB 2  may be adjusted by rotating housing  212  and/or light emitting device  208 . The angle of the light beams LB 1 , LB 2  emitted from first and second alignment devices  202 ,  204  may be adjusted relative to center line  214  as well as each other. 
     Thus, first alignment device  202  may be adjusted so that light beam LB 1  projecting therefrom extends in a first direction, and second alignment device  204  may be adjusted so that light beam LB 2  projecting therefrom extends in a second direction. First and second alignment devices  202 ,  204  may be adjusted so that their associated light beams LB 1 , LB 2  intersect at a point X in front of the golfer. The golfer may align his or her body in a desired position, such as a forward or a backward position relative to a golf ball B positioned on mat  206 , using the intersection point X as a reference position. The golfer may then play the ball B from the intersection point X, at a position behind the intersection point X (relative to the golfer&#39;s lead foot), or at a position in front of the intersection point X (relative to the golfer&#39;s lead foot) depending on the type of shot and club selected. Moreover, the intersecting beams LB 1 , LB 2  define an angle Z, as described above. Angle Z may correspond to a particular club selection best suited for that position, which is defined at the intersection point X of the light beams LB 1 , LB 2 . 
     Alignment devices  202 ,  204  preferably include an indicator dial disposed on an upper surface  216  of base  210 . As best shown in  FIG. 26 , housing  212  may be configured as an indicator dial, while also including a correspondingly configured cavity for retaining light emitting device  208 . Alternatively, a separate indicator dial may be provided that is connected to light emitting device  208 . In either case, rotation of housing  212  (or indicator dial) causes light emitting device  208  to rotate. A reference arrow  218  may be provided on upper surface  216  of base  210 , which aligns with markings M′ on housing  212  (or indicator dial). Similar to indicator dial  94 , housing  212  may include a positive detent mechanism so that reference arrow  218  clicks into a position aligned with one of markings M′. Markings M′ indicate predetermined directions in which the light beam LB 1  (or LB 2 ) projects when reference arrow  218  is aligned therewith. 
     Thus, the rotation of housing  212  (or indicator dial) causes light emitting device  208  to rotate so that the projected light beam LB 1  (or LB 2 ) extends outwardly at a predetermined angle relative to center line  214  and/or the golfer&#39;s feet RF, LF. The golfer&#39;s stance is adjusted so that the light beam extends toward and/or into the desired target, such as the ball B, as best shown in  FIG. 24 . 
     Housing  212  (or indicator dial) may be manually rotated to a desired position by the golfer. Alternatively, alignment device  202  (or  204 ) may include a motor operatively associated with light emitting device  208  and in communication with a sensor. The sensor may be in communication with an input device, such as input device I as shown in  FIGS. 13-15 . A user selects a particular club on a display with a user interface. Upon making a selection, a signal is transmitted to the sensor, which causes the motor to rotate light emitting device  208  to a predetermined position. A series of predetermined positions are provided, which correspond to a particular selection. Following rotation of light emitting device  208  to the predetermined position via actuation of the motor, the light beam LB 1  (or LB 2 ) is projected outwardly in a corresponding direction. Each direction may be associated with the selection of a particular club. 
     Thus, an external controller may communicate with alignment devices  202 ,  204  to ascertain or “learn” the current position (or setting) of the corresponding light emitting devices  208  in order to associate the position (or setting) with a desired club. The learned information may be stored at a practice facility on a central computer, or stored on a portable storage medium such as a smart chip, magnetic card, or the like. Upon returning to the practice facility, the golfer may retrieve the learned information from the storage medium, such as by insertion of the portable storage device into an associated reader device or by logging into a master control system. The ‘learned’ ball positions may then be selected by the user for a particular club using an input device I. Alignment devices  202 ,  204  are then automatically rotated by associated motors to the selected positions for each selected club for the individual user. Alternatively, the user&#39;s prior ‘learned’ desired setting may be displayed on a display so that the golfer may manually adjust the positions of light emitting devices  208 . Once the golfer (and/or instructor) has ‘taught’ the external controller the various desired ball positions for each club, the golfer may return to the practice facility and successfully practice without requiring the supervision of an instructor to establish the desired ball position. 
     First and second alignment devices  202 ,  204  preferably each include first and second projections  220 ,  222  extending from an underside  224  of base  210 , as best shown in  FIG. 25 . Projections  220 ,  222  may be an integrally formed portion of base  210 , or separate components secured to underside  224 . Projections  220 ,  222  may be received in a correspondingly configured pair of mounting apertures  226  disposed in mat  206 . Note that mat M may include more than one set of mounting apertures  226 , so that alignment device  202  (or  204 ) may be detachably secured to mat  206  in a selected position. As shown in  FIG. 24 , mat  206  includes three sets of mounting apertures  226  within a first zone Z 1  proximate a first side of mat  206 , and three sets of mounting apertures  226  within a second zone Z 2  proximate a second side of mat  206 . Alignment devices  202 ,  204  are detachably disposed in the center pair of mounting apertures  226  in each of first and second zones Z 1 , Z 2 , respectively. 
     It should be understood that fewer or more mounting apertures  226  may be provided in mat  206  as described above. Moreover, other methods of securing alignment devices  202 ,  204  to mat  206  may be implemented, such as hook and loop fasteners, depressions in mat  206  in which alignment device  202 ,  204  rest, pins extending from mat  206  which are received in cavities in devices  202 ,  204  (or vice versa), etc. In addition, practice system  200  may be constructed so as to be portable, or may be permanently secured to a surface, such as within a practice facility. Thus, practice system  200  may be constructed so as to be used on an artificial practice surface. 
     Alternatively, first and second alignment devices  202 ,  204  may be configured so as to be used on a grass surface. For example, alignment devices  202 ,  204  may include projections extending from underside  224  of base  210  which are configured to be removably driven into the ground, thereby eliminating the need for mat  206 . 
     Thus, alignment devices  202 ,  204  may be removably driven into the ground or positioned on mat  206  at selected positions to the right and left of a golfer when setting up golf practice system  200 . Note that alignment devices  202 ,  204  may also be permanently affixed to a surface, such as a floor or wall of a practice facility. For example, a practice facility may include a plurality of practice stations, wherein each station includes affixed alignment devices  202 ,  204  operable by a golfer. 
     Each of first and second alignment devices  202 ,  204  may also include a second light emitting device  208 A disposed within a correspondingly configured cavity in base  210 , and which projects a light beam outwardly from an outer side  228  thereof, as best shown in  FIGS. 24 and 26 . For example, second light emitting devices  208 A of first and second alignment devices  202 ,  204  may emit light beams LB 3 , LB 4 , respectively, which are transverse relative to the golfer and/or perpendicular to center line  214 , as shown in  FIGS. 24 and 28 . Transverse light beams LB 3 , LB 4  may provide additional alignment assistance to an intended target. 
     In another embodiment, a first alignment device  202 ′ may include alignment marks  230  disposed on upper surface  216  and proximate an inner side  232 , as shown in  FIG. 27 . A second alignment device  204 ′ may include one or more additional light emitting devices  208  disposed within correspondingly configured cavities within base  210  which project light beams outwardly from an inner side  232  thereof. For example, second alignment device  204  may include two light emitting devices  208  which project light beams LB 5 , LB 6  outwardly from inner side  232 . First alignment device  202 ′ may be aligned with second alignment device  204 ′ by aligning light beams LB 5 , LB 6  with selected reference arrows  230 . Alternatively, non-visual transmitter/receiver methodologies may be employed to confirm that first and second alignment devices  202 ,  204  are in preferred alignment with each other, such as a radio frequency transmitter/receiver as described above. 
     Golf practice system  200  may be integrated into various practice facilities. One such facility includes technology wherein the golf balls are embedded with RFID tags in order to track location and travel distance within the driving range. By integrating the disclosed system  200  with the technology of such facilities, data may be gathered and stored regarding the distance traveled by a golf ball when struck by a particular club at a particular ball position. The golfer may also select a particular manufacturer and model of golf club including loft, shaft stiffness, etc. By tracking and storing performance data and ball position when practicing, the golfer may also determine which golf club model is optimal for the golfer using practice system  200 . Thus, the disclosed invention may also be integrated into current club-fitting technologies and systems known in the industry. 
     The disclosed inventions thereby allow the golfer to repeatedly achieve visible reference information with regard to proper ball positioning. Further, by merging the disclosed inventions with other known technologies, the golfer may determine the optimal club performance and ball position for his or her golfing enjoyment. The disclosed inventions provide a golfer with a visible, audible and/or tactile indication of proper alignment with respect to an intended target line, ball position, stance or address position. The inventions have been described with reference to various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in construction or configuration of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. 
     Furthermore, features described with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated into another embodiment. For example, a shoe may include light emitting devices disposed on an instep portion thereof, as shown in  FIGS. 7-9 , which are aligned with reference marks on a second shoe, as shown in  FIGS. 6 ,  10 ,  11 . In addition, one of both of the shoes may also include a light emitting device on the top portion thereof, which produce(s) a visible line extending outwardly from the user toward the ball, or toward a target. Thus, features of the one of the disclosed embodiments may be incorporated into another of the disclosed embodiments. 
     For example, any of the indicator devices used in the disclosed embodiments may be provided as a retrofit or clip-on type attachment for a golf shoe. Alternatively, the indicator device could be integrated into a golf shoe, or the indicator device could be integrated into a detachable sole that is removably attached to a shoe. The light emitting devices could be positioned proximate the toe portion of a shoe, as described for some embodiments, along the instep, or proximate a heel portion of a shoe. Furthermore, the present invention may include an indicator that is attachable to either a golf shoe or regular “street shoes.” 
     Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover all such modifications and variations, provided they come within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.