Patent Publication Number: US-7223309-B2

Title: Display manufacturing apparatus and display manufacturing method

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to a display manufacturing apparatus and a display manufacturing method for manufacturing a variety of displays such as a color filter for a liquid crystal display device, an electroluminescent display device and the like by discharging liquid material. 
     2. Background Art 
     In order to manufacture a color filter for a liquid crystal display device, an electroluminescent display device or a plasma display device, there has been appropriately used an injection head (for example, an ink jet head) by which a liquid state material (liquid material) can be discharged in a liquid state. In a display manufacturing apparatus using an injection head, for example, a color filter is manufactured by injecting liquid material discharged out of nozzle openings to a plurality of pixel regions provided on the surface of a substrate. However, a variation in the characteristics at every nozzle opening may results in defects such as color nonuniformity or decoloring at the pixel regions. Also, when the defects occur, liquid material is discharged to the defective pixel regions for restoration. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 7-318724 suggests a technique to restore the defects by discharging a certain color of ink drops to the non-uniformly colored or decolored portions of a color filter. 
     On the other hand, in case of the manufacturing apparatus disclosed in the above publication, an injection head having a heat-generating element has been used. The injection head of this type discharges ink drops by causing the heat-generating element to generate heat and boiling the ink in a pressure chamber. In other words, a liquid state ink is pressurized by boiling bubbles and discharged out of the nozzle openings. Therefore, the amount of discharged ink is determined mainly by the volume of the pressure chamber and the area of the heat-generating element. Also, since it is difficult to control the volume of the boiling bubbles with high precision, it is also difficult to control the amount of discharged liquid with high accuracy by adjusting the quantity of supply power. 
     Therefore, in order to make a restoration of the non-uniformly colored or decolored portions by filling up an extremely small amount of liquid material, it is necessary to include exclusive nozzles or heads used only for restoration, as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 8-82706 or Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 8-292311, for example. 
     However, when the exclusive nozzle or head is separately provided, the structure of the apparatus gets so complex as to result in an increase in the number of parts. Further, it may bring about additional problems in common use. 
     SUMMARY 
     In order to accomplish the object of the present invention, there is provided the following. In a display manufacturing apparatus including: pressure chambers communicating with nozzle openings and capable of reserving liquid material; electromechanical conversion elements capable of changing the volume of the pressure chambers; an injection head capable of discharging the liquid material out of the nozzle openings in its liquid drop state accompanied by the supply of driving pulses to electromechanical conversion elements; and driving pulse generating means capable of generating the driving pulses; and constructed to apply liquid material discharged out of nozzle openings to liquid material regions on the surface of a display substrate, the improvement comprising: 
     liquid material amount detecting means capable of detecting the amount of liquid material applied at each liquid material region; 
     short amount acquiring means for acquiring the short amount of liquid material at the corresponding liquid material region based on a difference between the amount of applied liquid material detected by the liquid material detecting means and the target amount of liquid material; and pulse shape setting means for setting a shape of the driving pulses to be generated by the driving pulse generating means; 
     wherein the pulse shape setting means sets a waveform of the driving pulses according to the short amount of liquid material acquired by the short amount acquiring means; and wherein the short amount of liquid material is supplemented to the corresponding liquid material region by generating the driving pulses from the driving pulse generating means and supplying them to the electromechanical conversion elements. 
     It should be appreciated that the word ‘display’ as used herein has a mean which is more broad than its normal meaning and includes a color filter used for a display device as well as the display device itself. Furthermore, ‘liquid material’ includes not only solvent (or dispersion medium), but also dyes, pigments or other materials. Liquid material also includes other sorts of liquid material blended with solid material if it can be discharged out of nozzle openings. Also, ‘liquid material region’ means hitting regions (application regions) of liquid material discharged as liquid drops. 
     According to the above configuration, the amount of applied liquid material is detected at each liquid material region by the liquid material amount detecting means, and the excess or short amount of liquid material is acquired by a difference between the detected amount of applied liquid material and the target amount of liquid material at the liquid material region. If the amount of applied liquid material is less than the target amount of liquid material, a waveform of the driving pulse is set up according to the short amount of liquid material to thereby generate a driving pulse by the driving pulse generating means and moreover supplement as much liquid material as needed. Therefore, the amount of liquid material corresponding to the target amount of liquid material and the amount of liquid material corresponding to the additional amount of liquid material to be supplemented can be discharged by using one injection head. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a display device set up with the amount of applied liquid material at each liquid material region. 
     Since there is no need to include an exclusive injection head or nozzles, the configuration of the apparatus can be simplified. Further, there is no need to change an injection head or nozzles to be controlled suitably to the usage, so that it becomes possible to simplify the configuration of the apparatus. 
     In the above configuration, preferably, the liquid amount detecting means is constructed with a light-emitting element to be a light source and a light-receiving element capable of outputting electrical signals according to the intensity of the received light; 
     wherein the liquid material region is irradiated with the light from the light-emitting element, and the light from the liquid material region is received at the light-receiving element so as to detect the amount of liquid material applied at the liquid material region according to the intensity of the received light. 
     ‘Light emitted from the liquid material regions’ includes both light that is reflected at the liquid material regions and light that is transmitted through the liquid material regions. 
     Further, in the aforementioned configuration of the apparatus, preferably, the driving pulses are first driving pulses including: an expansion component to expand a normal volume of the pressure chambers at a speed that will not allow for the discharge of liquid material; an expansion hold component to hold the expanded pressure chambers; and a discharge component to discharge the liquid material by abruptly contracting the pressure chambers held at their expanded state; and 
     wherein the pulse shape setting means sets a driving voltage from its maximum voltage to its minimum voltage in the first driving pulses. 
     Further, in the above configuration, preferably, the driving pulses are first driving pulses including: an expansion component to expand a normal volume of the pressure chambers at a speed that will not allow for the discharge of liquid material; an expansion hold component to hold the expanded pressure chambers; and a discharge component to discharge the liquid material by abruptly contracting the pressure chambers held at their expanded states; and 
     wherein the pulse shape setting means sets an intermediate potential corresponding to the normal volume of the pressure chambers. 
     Further, in the above configuration, preferably, the driving pulses are first driving pulses including: an expansion component to expand a normal volume of the pressure chambers at a speed that will not allow for the discharge of liquid material; an expansion component to hold the expanded pressure chambers; and a discharge component to discharge the liquid material by abruptly contracting the pressure chambers held at their expanded state; and 
     wherein the pulse shape setting means sets the duration of the expansion component. 
     Further, in the above configuration, preferably, the driving pulses are first driving pulses including: an expansion component to expand a normal volume of the pressure chambers at a speed that will not allow for the discharge of liquid material; an expansion hold component to hold the expanded pressure chambers; and a discharge component to discharge the liquid material by abruptly contracting the pressure chambers held at their expanded state; and 
     wherein the pulse shape setting means sets the duration of the expansion hold component. 
     Further, in the above configuration, preferably, the driving pulses are second driving pulses including: a second expansion component to abruptly expand a normal volume of the pressure chambers so as to greatly draw in meniscus to the side of the pressure chambers; and a second discharge component to discharge the central part of the meniscus drawn in by the second expansion component in a liquid drop state by contracting the pressure chambers; and 
     wherein the pulse shape setting means sets a driving voltage from its maximum voltage to its minimum voltage in the second driving pulses. 
     Further, in the above configuration, preferably, the driving pulses are second driving pulses including: a second expansion component to abruptly expand a normal volume of the pressure chambers so as to greatly draw in meniscus to the side of the pressure chambers; and a second discharge component to discharge the central part of the meniscus drawn in by the second expansion component in a liquid drop state by contracting the pressure chambers; and 
     wherein the pulse shape setting means sets an intermediate potential corresponding to the normal volume of the pressure chambers. 
     Further, in the above configuration, preferably, the driving pulses are second driving pulses including: a second expansion component to abruptly expand a normal volume of the pressure chamber so as to greatly draw in meniscus to the side of the pressure chambers; and a second discharge component to discharge the central part of the meniscus drawn in by the second expansion component in a liquid drop state by contracting the pressure chambers; and 
     wherein the pulse shape setting means sets a termination potential of the second discharge component. 
     Further, in the above configuration, preferably, a configuration can be employed that the driving pulse generating means is constructed to be capable of generating a plurality of driving pulses within a unit period, thereby making it possible to adjust the discharge amount of liquid material by varying the supply number of driving pulses to the pressure generating element at the unit period. 
     According to each of the aforementioned configurations, the amount of liquid material to be supplemented can be controlled with extremely high precision, so as to make it possible to set up a variety of levels of liquid material to be applied at each liquid material region. Further, the flying speed of liquid material to be discharged can be also controlled, so that the position of liquid material to be applied can be accurately controlled even if the liquid material is discharged with the injection head being scanned. Furthermore, various levels of flying speed can be arranged depending on the different amounts of discharged liquid material. It is possible to correspondingly cope with an extremely small amount of liquid material, which is affected considerably by the viscosity resistance of air. 
     Further, in the above configuration, liquid state material including light emitting material, liquid state material including hole injection/transport layer forming material, or liquid state material including conductive fine particles can be used as the above liquid material. 
     Further, in the above configuration, liquid state material including coloring components can be used as the above liquid material. Furthermore, in this configuration, preferably, the display manufacturing apparatus further comprises: excess amount acquiring means for acquiring the excess amount of liquid material based on a difference between the amount of applied liquid material detected by the liquid material amount detecting means and the target amount of liquid material at the corresponding liquid material region; and coloring component decomposing means for decomposing the coloring component of liquid material, and wherein the coloring component decomposing means is operated according to the excess amount of liquid material to thereby decompose the excess amount of coloring component. Moreover, in this configuration, preferably, the coloring component decomposing means can be configured by an excimer laser light source that can generate excimer laser light. 
     Furthermore, in each of the above configurations, the electromechanical conversion elements are piezoelectric vibrators. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a display manufacturing apparatus:  FIG. 1(   a ) is a plan view illustrating a manufacturing apparatus; and  FIG. 1(   b ) is a partially enlarged view illustrating a color filter. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating a key structure of a display manufacturing apparatus. 
         FIG. 3  is a mimetic diagram illustrating a liquid material sensor. 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view illustrating an injection head. 
         FIG. 5  is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a flow passage unit. 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating an electrical configuration of an injection head. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a standard driving signal generated by driving signals generator. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a standard driving pulse included in a standard driving signal. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a variation in discharge characteristics when driving voltage is adjusted in the standard driving pulse:  FIG. 9(   a ) illustrates a variation in the flying speed of liquid drops when a change is made in driving voltage; and  FIG. 9  ( b ) illustrates a variation in the weight of liquid drops when a change is made in driving voltage. 
         FIG. 10(   a ) illustrates a relationship among driving voltage, intermediate potential and weight of liquid drops when the flying speed of the liquid drops is set to 7 m/s in a standard driving pulse, and  FIG. 10(   b ) illustrates a relationship among driving voltage, intermediate potential and flying speed of liquid drops when the weight of the liquid drops is set to 15 ng. 
         FIG. 11(   a ) illustrates a relationship among driving voltage, duration of an expansion component and weight of liquid drops when the flying speed of the liquid drops is set to 7 m/s in a standard driving pulse, and  FIG. 11(   b ) illustrates a relationship among driving voltage, duration of an expansion component and flying speed of liquid drops when the weight of the liquid drops is set to 15 ng. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a variation in the discharge characteristics when an adjustment is made to the duration of an expansion hold component in a standard driving pulse:  FIG. 12(   a ) is a variation in the flying speed of liquid drops when a change is made in the duration; and  FIG. 12(   b ) is a variation in the weight of liquid drops when a change is made in the duration. 
         FIG. 13(   a ) illustrates a relationship among driving voltage, duration of an expansion hold component and weight of liquid drops when the flying speed of the liquid drops is set to 7 m/s in a standard driving pulse, and  FIG. 13(   b ) illustrates a relationship among driving voltage, duration of an expansion hold component and flying speed of liquid drops when the weight of the liquid drops is set to 15 ng. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a micro-driving signal generated by driving signals generator. 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a micro-driving pulse included in a micro-driving signal. 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a variation in discharge characteristics when an adjustment is made to driving voltage in a micro-driving pulse:  FIG. 16(   a ) illustrates a variation in the flying speed of liquid drops when a change is made in driving voltage; and  FIG. 16(   b ) is a variation in the weight of liquid drops when a change is made in driving voltage. 
         FIG. 17(   a ) illustrates a relationship among driving voltage, intermediate potential and weight of liquid drops when the flying speed of the liquid drops is set to 7 m/s in a micro-driving pulse, and  FIG. 17(   b ) illustrates a relationship among driving voltage, intermediate potential and flying speed of liquid drops when the weight of the liquid drops is set to 5.5 ng. 
         FIG. 18(   a ) illustrates a relationship among driving voltage, discharge potential and weight of liquid drops when the flying speed of the liquid drops is set to 7 m/s in a micro-driving pulse, and  FIG. 18(   b ) illustrates a relationship among driving voltage, discharge potential and flying speed of liquid drops when the weight of the liquid drops is set to 5.5 ng. 
         FIG. 19  is a flowchart illustrating a color filter manufacturing process. 
         FIGS. 20(   a ) to ( e ) are mimetic cross-sectional views of a color filter illustrating the sequential steps of a color filter manufacturing process. 
         FIG. 21  is a flowchart illustrating a colored layer formation step. 
         FIG. 22  is a flowchart illustrating a modified example of a colored layer formation step. 
         FIG. 23  is a mimetic diagram illustrating an excimer laser light source. 
         FIG. 24  is a cross-sectional view of parts illustrating a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal device using a color filter to which the present invention is applied. 
         FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional view of parts illustrating a schematic configuration of a second example of a liquid crystal device using a color filter to which the present invention is applied. 
         FIG. 26  is an exploded perspective view of parts illustrating a schematic configuration of a third example of a liquid crystal device using a color filter to which the present invention is applied. 
         FIG. 27  is a cross-sectional view illustrating parts of a display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 28  is a flowchart illustrating a display device manufacturing process according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 29  is a flow diagram illustrating the formation of an inorganic bank layer. 
         FIG. 30  is a flow diagram illustrating the formation of an organic bank layer. 
         FIG. 31  is a flow diagram illustrating a process of forming a hole injection/transport layer. 
         FIG. 32  is a flow diagram illustrating a formed state of a hole injection/transport layer. 
         FIG. 33  is a flow diagram illustrating a process of forming a light-emitting layer of blue color. 
         FIG. 34  is a flow diagram illustrating a formed state of a light-emitting layer of blue color. 
         FIG. 35  is a flow diagram illustrating a formed state of a light-emitting layer of an individual color. 
         FIG. 36  is a flow diagram illustrating the formation of a cathode. 
         FIG. 37  is a partially exploded perspective view illustrating parts of a display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 38  is a mimetic diagram illustrating an example of liquid material amount detecting means configured by a transmissive liquid material sensor. 
         FIG. 39  is a mimetic diagram illustrating an example of liquid material amount detecting means configured by a CCD array. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , first, a description will be made of a basic configuration of a display manufacturing apparatus  1  (hereinafter, referred to as manufacturing apparatus  1 ). 
     The manufacturing apparatus  1  shown in  FIG. 1(   a ) comprises: a rectangular placing base  3  having a placing surface, on which a substrate for a color filter  2  (equivalent to a type of a display in the present invention), i.e., a filter substrate  2 ′ (equivalent to a type of a display substrate in the present invention) can be placed; a guide bar  4  that can be moved along one side (main scanning direction) of the placing base  3 ; a carriage  5  that is attached to the guide bar  4 , and can be moved along the longitudinal direction (sub-scanning direction) of the guide bar  4 ; a carriage motor  6  (refer to  FIG. 2)  as a driving source when the guide bar  4  and carriage  5  are moved; a liquid material reservoir  8  that can reserve liquid material to be supplied to an injection head  7 ; a supply tube  9  connected between the liquid material reservoir  9  and the injection head  7  to form a flow passage of liquid material; and a control device  10  for electrically controlling the operation of the injection head  7 , etc. In the present embodiment, ink liquid as a type of liquid material (liquid state material including coloring components such as dyes or pigments) is reserved in the liquid material reservoir  8 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1(   b ), the filter substrate  2 ′, for example, is substantially configured with a substrate  11  and a colored layer  12  laminated on the surface of the substrate  11 . Although a glass substrate is utilized as the substrate  11  in the present embodiment, it is possible to use any substrate other than the glass substrate with a satisfactory level of transparency and mechanical strength. The colored layer  12  is formed from photosensitive resin with a plurality of pixel regions  12   a  (also called filter elements, a type of liquid material regions of the present invention), which are colored in any one of colors including red (R), green (G) and blue (B). In the present embodiment, the pixel regions  12   a  are made into a rectangular shape as seen from in a plan view. The respective pixel regions  12   a  are provided in a zigzag-shaped lattice. 
     Also, the injection head  7  can selectively discharge liquid materials, i.e., each color of ink liquid, as liquid drops (ink drops), to desired pixel regions  12   a . Moreover, in the present embodiment, before the liquid drops are discharged to each pixel region  12   a , partition walls  12   b  for partitioning adjacent pixel regions  12   a ,  12   a  are formed on the substrate  11 . Furthermore, a partition wall  12   b  is configured with a black matrix  72  and a bank  73  (refer to  FIG. 20 ). 
     Moreover, a manufacturing process of a color filter  2  will be described below with reference to  FIGS. 19 and 20 . 
     The placing base  3  is a substantially rectangular, plate-shaped member having its placing surface  3   a  configured by a light-reflecting surface. The size of the placing base  3  is defined on the basis of that of the filter substrate  2 ′ and set to be slightly bigger than at least that of the filter substrate  2 ′. Further, the guide bar  4  is a flat rod-like member and which is installed parallel to a short-side direction (corresponding to the Y-axis or sub-scanning direction) of the placing base  3  and attached to be capable of being moved to a long-side direction (corresponding to the X-axis or main scanning direction) of the placing base  3 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the carriage  5  is a block-shaped member mounted with the injection head  7  and a liquid material sensor  17 . 
     The liquid material sensor  17  is a type of liquid material amount detecting means of the present invention, comprising a light-emitting element as a light source and a light-receiving element capable of outputting electrical signals of voltage according to the intensity of the received light. In the present embodiment, a laser light emitting element  18  is used as the light-emitting element, and a laser-light receiving element  19  is used as the light-receiving element. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the laser light Lb from the laser-light emitting element  18  is irradiated to the pixel region  12   a , and the reflecting laser light Lb from the pixel region  12   a  is received by the laser-light receiving element  19 . In the liquid material sensor  17 , the laser-light receiving element  19  outputs voltage signals depending on the light receiving quantity (the strength of the receiving light). The light receiving quantity is varied according to the amount of liquid material (the amount of ink in the present embodiment) shot at the pixel region  12   a . In other words, as the amount of liquid material shot at the pixel region  12   a  increases, the quantity of light to be received decreases. As the amount of liquid material shot at the pixel region  12   a  decreases, the quantity of light to be received increases. As a result, the amount of liquid material shot at the pixel region  12   a  can be acquired by detecting the voltage signals outputted from the liquid material sensor  17 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG. 4 , the injection head  7  comprises a vibrator unit  22  having a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators  21 , a case  23  capable of accommodating the vibrator unit  22  and a flow passage unit  24  joined to the end face of the case  23 . The injection head  7  is attached with nozzle openings  25  of the flow passage unit  24  being directed downward (toward the placing base  3 ) and can discharge liquid material out of the nozzle openings  25  in a liquid drop state. Three colors of ink liquid consisting of R, G and B can be individually discharged in the present embodiment. Furthermore, the injection head  7  will be further described in detail below. 
     The liquid material reservoir  8  separately reserves the liquid material to be supplied to the injection head  7 . In the present embodiment, as described above, three colors of ink liquid consisting of (for example) R, G and B are reserved separately. Further, the supply tube  9  is provided with a plurality of lines according to the type of ink liquid to be supplied to the injection head  7 . 
     The control device  10  comprises a main controller  31  including CPU, ROM, RAM and the like (none are shown here), driving signals generator  32  to generate driving signals to be supplied to the injection head  7  and an analog digital converter  33  (hereinafter referred to as an A/D converter  33 ) to convert the output voltage from the laser-light receiving element  19  into digital data. The signals of the A/D converter  33  are inputted to the driving signal generator  32 . 
     The main controller  31  functions as main control means to perform a control in the manufacturing apparatus  1 , for example, generating discharge data (SI) related to the discharge control of liquid drops or movement control information (DRV 1 ) to control the carriage motor  6 . Further, the main controller  31  generates control signals (CK, LAT, CH) of the injection head  7  or waveform information (DAT) outputted to the driving signal generator  32 . Accordingly, the main controller  31  also functions as pulse shape setting means in the present invention. Moreover, the main controller  31  also functions as short amount acquiring means or excess amount acquiring means in the present invention, as will be described below. 
     The discharge data relates to the possibility of discharging liquid drops and the amount of liquid drops to be discharged when the liquid drops are discharged. In the present embodiment, the discharge data consists of 2 bit data. A discharge state per one discharge cycle is divided into 4 steps to thereby represent the discharge data. For example, the 4 steps of discharged amount are represented, such as ‘hon-discharge’ with no liquid drop discharged, ‘discharge 1’ with a small amount of liquid drops discharged, ‘discharge 2’ with a medium amount of liquid drops discharged, and ‘discharge 3’ with a large amount of liquid drops discharged. Also, ‘non-discharge’ is represented by discharge data ‘00’ and ‘discharge 1’ is represented by discharge data ‘01’. Further, ‘discharge 2’ is represented by discharge data ‘10’ and ‘discharge 3’ is represented by discharge data ‘11’. 
     The control signals of the injection head  7  include a clock signal (CK) as a movement clock, a latch signal (LAT) for defining a latching timing of discharge data a channel signal (CH) for defining a supply start time of respective driving pulses in a driving signal. Accordingly, the main controller  31  outputs the clock signal, latch signal, and channel signal (CK, LAT, CH) properly to the injection head  7 . 
     The waveform information (DAT) defines a waveform of a driving signal generated by the driving signal generator  32 . In the present embodiment, the waveform information consists of data that shows an increase or decrease in voltage per unit time of renewal. Furthermore, the main controller  31  sets a waveform of a driving pulse according to the voltage information (that is, the amount of applied liquid material detected by the liquid material amount detecting means) generated by the A/D converter  33  (which will be described later). 
     The driving signal generator  32  is a type of the driving pulse generating means in the present invention. In other words, on the basis of the waveform information from the main controller  31 , driving signals and a waveform of the driving pulses included in the driving signal are set, and the resultant waveform of driving pulses is generated. At this time, the driving signal generated by the driving signal generator  32  is a signal shown in  FIG. 7 , for example. A plurality of driving pulses (PS 1  to PS 3 ) for discharging a predetermined amount of liquid drops out of the nozzle openings  25  of the injection head  7  are included in a discharge cycle T. Also, the driving signal generator  32  generates the driving signal repeatedly at every discharge cycle T. The driving signal will be further described in detail below. 
     Next, the injection head  7  will be described in detail. First, a mechanical configuration of the injection head  7  will be described. 
     The piezoelectric vibrators  21  are electromechanical conversion elements of the present invention, i.e., a type of elements that can convert electrical energy into kinetic energy, varying the volume of the pressure chamber  47 . The piezoelectric vibrators  21  are separated into thin comb-teeth shape having an extremely small width of 30 μm to 100 μm. The piezoelectric vibrators  21  presented as an example are deposition type piezoelectric vibrators constructed by alternately depositing piezoelectric substrates and internal electrodes, i.e., vertical vibration mode of piezoelectric vibrators  21  that can be expanded/contracted in the longitudinal direction of the element perpendicular to the main electric field direction. Furthermore, each of piezoelectric vibrators  21  is at its proximal end joined to a fixing plate  41  and at its free end attached in a cantilever configuration protruding out of the edge of the fixing plate  41 . 
     Furthermore, the end face of each piezoelectric vibrator  21  is fixed to an island part  42  of the flow passage unit  24  in a state abutted thereon, and a flexible cable  43  is electrically connected to each of piezoelectric vibrators  21  at the lateral side of the vibrator group opposite to the fixing plate  41 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the flow passage unit  24  is constructed by arranging a nozzle plate  45  on one surface of the flow passage forming substrate  44  and by arranging and depositing an elastic plate  46  on the other surface thereof, opposite to the nozzle plate  45 , with a flow passage forming substrate  44  being sandwiched therebetween. 
     The nozzle plate  45  is a thin plate made of stainless steel with a plurality of nozzle openings  25  provided in a row at a pitch corresponding to the dot-forming density. In the present embodiment, forty-eight nozzle openings  25  are provided in a row at a pitch of 90 dpi, and a nozzle row is configured by these nozzle openings  25 . 
     The flow passage forming substrate  44  is a plate-shaped member to form hollow portions to be pressure chambers  47  corresponding to the respective nozzle openings  25  of the nozzle plate  45  and to form other hollow portions to be liquid supply ports and a common liquid chamber. 
     The pressure chamber  47  is a chamber elongated in a direction perpendicular to a row direction of the nozzle openings  25  (direction of a nozzle row), which is constructed into a flat concave chamber. Also, a liquid supply port  49 , whose width of flow passage is sufficiently narrower than that of the pressure chamber  47 , is formed between one end of the pressure chamber  47  and the common liquid chamber  48 . Further, a nozzle communication hole  50  is penetrated in the direction of the plate thickness that communicates with the nozzle opening  25  and the pressure chamber  47  at the other end of the pressure chamber  47  farthest from the common liquid chamber  48 . 
     The elastic plate  46  is laminated in a double structure of, for example, a polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) resin film  52  mounted on a support plate  51  of stainless steel. Also, the island part  42  is formed by annularly etching a part of the support plate  51  corresponding to the pressure chamber  47 . The resin film  52  is left after a part of the support plate  51  corresponding to the common liquid chamber  48  is removed by an etching process. 
     In the injection head  7  having the above construction, the piezoelectric vibrators  21  are expanded/contracted in their longitudinal direction by an electric charging/discharging. In other words, the piezoelectric vibrators  21  are expanded by an electric discharging and the island part  42  is pressurized to the nozzle plate  45 . On the other hand, an electric charging contracts the piezoelectric vibrators  21 , and thus the island part  42  moves far from the nozzle plate  45 . Also, the expansion of the piezoelectric vibrators  21  results in the transformation of the resin film  52  around the island part and the contraction of the pressure chamber  47 . Further, the contraction of the piezoelectric vibrators  21  results in the expansion of the pressure chamber  47 . In this manner, when the expansion or contraction of the pressure chamber  47  is controlled, there is a change in the liquid pressure within the pressure chamber  47  to thereby discharge liquid drops (ink drops) out of the nozzle openings  25 . 
     Next, a description will be made of the electrical configuration of the injection head  7 . As shown in  FIG. 6 , the injection head  7  comprises shift registers  61 ,  62  for setting discharge data, latch circuits  63 ,  64  for latching the discharge data set at the shift registers  61 ,  62 , a decoder  65  for translating the discharge data latched at the latch circuits  63 ,  64  into pulse selecting data, a control logic  66  for outputting timing signals, a level shifter  67  functioning as a voltage amplifier, and a switch circuit  68  for controlling the supply of driving signals to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 . 
     The shift registers  61 ,  62  comprise a first shift register  61  and a second shift register  62 . Also, a lower bit (bit  0 ) of discharge data related to all nozzle openings  25  are set at the first shift register  61 , and an upper bit (bit  1 ) of discharge data related to all the nozzle openings  25  are set at the second shift register  62 . 
     The latch circuits  63 ,  64  comprise a first latch circuit  63  and a second latch circuit  64 . The first latch circuit  63  is electrically connected to the first shift registers  61 . The second latch circuit  64  is electrically connected to the second shift register  62 . When the latch signals are inputted to the latch circuits  63 ,  64 , the first latch circuit  63  latches the lower bit of discharge data set at the first shift registers  61 , and the second latch circuit  64  latches the upper bit of discharge data set at the second shift register  62 . 
     The discharge data latched at the latch circuits  63 ,  64  are inputted to the decoder  65 , which functions as pulse selecting data generating means, thereby translating 2 bits of discharge data and generating a plurality of bits of pulse selecting data. In the present embodiment, as shown in  FIGS. 7 and 14 , the driving signal generator  32  generates a driving signal having three driving pulses (PS 1  to PS 3 , PS 4  to PS 6 ) in the discharge cycle T 3 , so that the decoder  65  generates 3 bits of pulse selecting data. 
     In other words, the discharge data [00] discharging no liquid drop are translated to generate pulse selecting data [000], and the discharge data [01] discharging a small amount of liquid drops are translated to generate pulse selecting data [010]. Similarly, the discharge data [10] discharging a medium amount of liquid drops are translated to generate pulse selecting data [101], and the discharge data [11] discharging a large amount of liquid drops are translated to generate pulse selecting data [111]. 
     The control logic  66  generates timing signals whenever a latching signal (LAT) or a channel signal (CH) is received from the main controller  31  and then supplies the generated timing signals to the decoder  65 . Then, the decoder  65  inputs the 3 bits of pulse selecting data to the level shifter  67  in sequence from the upper bit thereof. 
     The level shifter  67  functions as a voltage amplifier, generating a level of voltage that can drive the switch circuit  68 , for example, electrical signals whose voltage is raised by about tens of volts, if the pulse selecting data is [1]. The pulse selecting data of [1] whose voltage is raised by the level shifter  67  is supplied to the switch circuit  68 . A driving signal (COM) is supplied from the driving signal generator  32  to the input part of the switch circuit  68 , and the piezoelectric vibrators  21  are connected to the output of the switch circuit  68 . Printing data control the operation of the switch circuit  68 . For example, while the pulse selecting data inputted to the switch circuit  68  is [1], the driving signal is supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 , making the piezoelectric vibrators  21  vary in accordance with the driving signal. On the other hand, while the pulse selecting data inputted to the switch circuit  68  is [0], the electrical signal to operate the switch circuit  68  is not outputted from the lever shifter  67 , resulting in the supply of no driving signal to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 . Further, the piezoelectric vibrators  21  operates just like a condenser, so that the potential of the piezoelectric vibrators  21  are kept the same as it was just prior to the discontinuation of the supply of the driving signal while the selecting data is [0]. 
     Next, a description will be made of driving signals to be generated by the driving signal generator  32 . The driving signal shown in  FIG. 7  is a standard driving signal that can discharge a relatively large amount of liquid drops. The standard driving signal includes three standard driving pulses in the discharge cycle T, i.e., a first standard driving pulse PS 1  (T 1 ), a second standard driving pulse PS 2  (T 2 ), and a third standard driving pulse PS 3  (T 3 ), and these standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  are generated at a predetermined time interval. 
     Those standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  are a type of the first driving pulse in the present invention, and are configured by an identical waveform of pulse signals. For example, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  are configured by a plurality of waveform components consisted of an expansion component P 1  for raising the potential at a constant gradient that will not discharge liquid drops, from the intermediate potential VM to maximum potential VH, an expansion hold component P 2  for holding the maximum potential VH for a predetermined period of time, a discharge component P 3  for dropping the potential at a steep gradient from the maximum potential VH to minimum potential VL, a contraction hold component P 4  for holding the minimum potential VL for a predetermined period of time and a damping component P 5  for raising the potential from the minimum potential VL to the intermediate potential VM. 
     When those standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  are supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 , a predetermined amount (for example, 15 ng) of liquid drops are discharged out of the nozzle openings  25  whenever each of the standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  is supplied. 
     In other words, the piezoelectric vibrators  21  are greatly contracted along with the supply of the expansion component P 1 , and the pressure chamber  47  is expanded at a level of speed that will not discharge liquid drops from the normal volume corresponding to the intermediate potential VM to the maximum volume corresponding to the maximum potential VH. The pressure in the pressure chamber  47  is decreased by the aforementioned expansion, so that the liquid material of the common liquid chamber  48  is flown into the pressure chamber  47  through the liquid supply port  49 . The expanded state of the pressure chamber  47  is maintained for the period of time when the expansion hold component P 2  is supplied. Thereafter, the supply of the discharge component P 3  results in the significant extension of the piezoelectric vibrators  21 , and the pressure chamber  47  is steeply contracted to the minimum volume. The liquid material of the pressure chamber  47  is pressurized by the aforementioned contraction, so that a predetermined amount of liquid drops are discharged out of the nozzle openings  25 . The contraction hold component P 4  is supplied after the discharge component P 3 , so that the pressure chamber  47  is maintained in its contracted state. While the pressure chamber  47  is in its contracted state, the meniscus (a free surface of the liquid material exposed at the nozzle opening  25 ) is greatly vibrated by an influence of the discharged liquid drop. Thereafter, the damping component P 5  is supplied at a time capable of restraining vibrations of the meniscus, so that the pressure chamber  47  is expanded and returned to the normal volume. In other words, in order to offset the pressure generated in the liquid material within the pressure chamber  47 , the pressure chamber  47  is expanded to reduce the pressure of liquid material. As a result, the vibrations of the meniscus can be restricted for a short period of time, thereby stabilizing the following discharge of liquid drops. 
     Furthermore, the normal volume is a volume of the pressure chamber  47  corresponding to the intermediate potential VM. If the standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  are not supplied, the intermediate potential VM is supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 . While the liquid drops are not discharged (at a normal state), the pressure chamber  47  gets to its normal state. 
     If a change is made in the number of standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  to be supplied within one discharge cycle T, the discharge amount of liquid drops can be set at every discharge cycle T. For example, if only the second standard driving pulse PS 2  is supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21  within the discharge cycle T, 15 ng of a liquid drop can be discharged. Further, if the first and third standard driving pulses PS  1 , PS 3  are supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21  within a discharge cycle T, 30 ng of a liquid drop can be discharged, for example. Moreover, if the respective standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  are supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21  within a discharge cycle T, for example, 45 ng of liquid drop can be discharged. 
     Further, in the present specification, the amount of liquid material is designated by weight (ng), a description has been made about the process of controlling the weight of liquid material. However, a control can also be made by the volume (pL) of liquid material. 
     The discharge of liquid drops is controlled on the basis of the pulse selecting data. In other words, if the pulse selecting data is [000], the switch circuit  68  is in its OFF state at any one of the first, second and third generating time intervals T 1 , T 2 , T 3  respectively corresponding to the first, second and third standard driving pulses PS 1 , PS 2 , PS 3 . Therefore, none of the standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  is supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 . If the pulse selecting data is [010], the switch circuit  68  is turned to its ON state at the second generating time interval T 2 , and the switch circuit  68  is turned to its OFF state at the first and third generating time interval T 3 . As a result, only the second standard driving pulse PS 2  is supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 . Further, if the pulse selecting data is [101], the switch circuit  68  is turned to its ON state at the first and third generating time intervals T 1 , T 3  and to its OFF state at the second generating time interval T 2 . As a result, the first and third standard driving pulses PS 1 , PS 3  are supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 . Similarly, if the pulse selecting data is [111], the switch circuit  68  is turned to its ON state at the first through third generating time intervals T 1  to T 3 . As a result, respective standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  are supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 . 
     Further, in order to control the discharge of liquid drops, the type of driving pulses can be changed to vary the amount of liquid drops to be discharged. For example, at the micro-driving signals PS 4  to PS 6  shown in  FIG. 14 , a predetermined amount (for example, 5.5 ng) of liquid drops is discharged out of the nozzle openings  25  whenever the micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6  are supplied. 
     The micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6  are a type of the second driving pulses of the present invention, and are configured by the same waveform of a pulse signal. For example, as shown in  FIG. 15 , the micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6  are made of a plurality of waveform components such as a second expansion component P 11  for raising the potential at a relatively steep gradient from the intermediate potential VM to the maximum potential VH, a second expansion hold component P 12  for holding the maximum potential VH for an extremely short period of time, a second discharge component P 13  for dropping the potential at a steep gradient from the maximum potential VH to the discharge potential VF, a discharge hold component P 14  for holding the discharge potential VF for an extremely short period of time, a contraction damping component P 15  for dropping the potential at a gradient gentler than the second discharge component P 13  from the discharge potential VF to the minimum potential VL, a damping hold component P 16  for holding the minimum potential VL for a predetermined period of time and an expansion damping component P 17  for raising the potential at a relatively gentle gradient from the minimum potential VL to the intermediate potential VM. 
     If the micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6  are supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 , the state of the pressure chamber  47  or the liquid material in the pressure chamber  47  changes, and the liquid drops are discharged out of the nozzle openings  25 . 
     In other words, the normal volume of the pressure chamber  47  is expanded abruptly along with the supply of the second expansion component P 11  to thereby significantly draw in the meniscus to the pressure chamber  47 . Also, if the second expansion hold component P 12  is supplied for an extremely short period of time, the moving direction of the central part of the drawn-in meniscus is reversed by surface tension. Thereafter, if the second discharge component P 13  is supplied, the pressure chamber  47  is abruptly contracted to its discharge volume from its maximum volume. At this time, the central part of the meniscus expanded in the direction of discharging liquid drops in the shape of a pillar is shattered into pieces, being discharged into a state of a liquid drop. 
     After the second discharge component P 13  is supplied, the discharge hold component P 14  and the contraction damping component P 15  are supplied in sequence. The pressure chamber  47  is contracted from the discharge volume to the minimum volume by the supply of the contraction damping component P 15 . At this time, the contraction speed is set to a speed capable of restricting the vibrations of the meniscus after the liquid drop is discharged. Since the contraction damping component P 15  and the damping hold component P 16  are supplied in sequence, the pressure chamber  47  is maintained at its contracted state. Thereafter, when the expansion damping component P 17  is supplied at a time that can erase the vibrations of the meniscus, the pressure chamber  47  is expanded and returned to its normal volume to restrict the vibrations of the meniscus. 
     In the case of the micro-driving signals, the number of micro-driving pulses to be supplied within one discharge cycle T is changed to thereby control the amount of a liquid drop to be discharged. For example, if only the second micro-driving pulse PS 5  is supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21  within the discharge cycle T, it is possible to discharge the 5.5 ng of a liquid drop, for example. Furthermore, if the first and third micro-driving pulses PS 4 , PS 6  are supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21  within the discharge cycle T, it is possible to discharge 11 ng of a liquid drop, for example. Further, if the micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6  are supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 , within the discharge cycle T, it is possible to discharge 16.5 ng of a liquid drop. 
     The control of discharging liquid drops is made on the basis of the pulse selecting data. Furthermore, the control of discharging liquid drops made on the basis of the pulse selecting data is identical to the control of the standard driving signals described above, and thus the description thereof is omitted. 
     Moreover, the amount or flying speed of liquid drops to be discharged can be varied by a change in the waveform of the standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  or micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6 . In other words, a change is made in the type of the driving pulses to thereby significantly vary the amount of a liquid drop to be discharged. If the type of driving pulses can make a change in the amount of liquid drops to be discharged precisely (that is, in high precision) by setting the start and end potentials (differences in potential) or the duration of respective waveform components. 
     Hereinafter, a description will be made of a change in the amount or flying speed of liquid drops to be discharged along with setting variations of waveform components for each of the driving pulses. 
     First, a description will be made of the relationship between driving voltage (a potential difference between the maximum potential VH and the minimum potential VL) and discharge characteristics of liquid drops for respective standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3 . At this time,  FIG. 9  illustrates a change in the discharge characteristics of liquid drops when an adjustment is made to driving voltage:  FIG. 9(   a ) indicates a change in flying speed of liquid drops when a change is made in the driving voltage; and  FIG. 9(   b ) indicates a change in the weight of liquid drops when a change is made in the driving voltage. 
     Furthermore, when the driving voltage is set, a change was made in the maximum potential VH with no change in the minimum potential VL and the duration of waveform components (P 1  to P 5 ). Further, the intermediate potential VM was varied corresponding to the driving voltage. In  FIG. 9(   a ), a solid line having black circles indicates main liquid drops, and a dotted line having white circles indicates satellite liquid drops (liquid drops flying along with main liquid drops). Furthermore, a dotted line having triangles indicates second satellite liquid drops (liquid drops flying along with satellite liquid drops). 
     As can be understood from  FIG. 9 , the magnitude of driving voltage and the flying speed and weight of liquid drops can be said to be in direct proportion (a positive coefficient). In other words, if driving voltage gets large, the flying speed and weight of liquid drops increase (that is, the amount of liquid drops to be discharged increases). For example, if the driving voltage is 20 V, the flying speed of the main liquid drops is approximately 3 m/s and their weight is approximately 9 ng. Also, if the driving voltage is 29 V, the flying speed of liquid drops is approximately 7 m/s and their weight is approximately 15.5 ng. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is 35 V, the flying speed of liquid drops is approximately 10 m/s and their weight is approximately 20.5 ng. 
     It is regarded to be because the variation dimension of the volume of the pressure chamber was varied according to the increase or decrease of driving voltage. In other words, if the driving voltage is set higher than the reference voltage, a volumetric difference between the expanded and contracted states of the pressure chamber gets greater than that of its reference state. Therefore, the amount of liquid material greater than that at the reference state can be discharged out of the pressure chamber  47  and the amount of liquid material to be discharged increases. Further, there is no change in the duration of the discharge component P 3 , the contraction speed of the pressure chamber  47  at the time of discharging liquid material gets greater than that of its reference state. Therefore, it is possible to discharge liquid drops at a high speed. On the contrary, if the driving voltage is set lower than the reference voltage, a volumetric difference between the expanded and contracted states of the pressure chamber  47  gets smaller than that of its reference state. Therefore, the amount of liquid material to be discharged out of the pressure chamber  47  decreases. Further, the contraction speed of the pressure chamber  47  gets lower than that at the reference state, and the flying speed of liquid drops also decreases. 
     Furthermore, referring to  FIG. 9(   a ), if the driving voltage is greater than 26 V, a liquid drop is divided into a main and a satellite liquid drop to be flown (i.e., ejected and applied). If the driving voltage is 32 V or greater, a second satellite liquid drop appears in addition to the above satellite liquid drop. The flying speed of the satellite liquid drop and the second satellite liquid drop is little affected by the magnitude of driving voltage within the measurement range of  FIG. 9(   a ). For example, the flying speed of the satellite liquid drop is approximately 5 m/s if the driving voltage is set to 26 V. If the driving voltage is set to 29 V or 32 V, the flying speed of the satellite liquid drop is approximately 4 m/s. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is set to 35 V, the flying speed is approximately 6 m/s. If the driving voltage is set to 32 V or 35 V, the flying speed of any one of the second satellite liquid drop is almost identical, approximately 4 m/s. 
     As described above, it can be understood that the flying speed and the weight of the liquid drop to be discharged increase or decrease at the same time depending by the setting of driving voltage. Further, it can be also understood that it is possible to control the generation of the satellite liquid drops and the second satellite liquid drops. 
     Next, a description will be made about the relationship between the intermediate potential VM and the discharge characteristics of liquid drops at each of standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3 . 
     As described above, the intermediate potential VM defines the normal volume of the pressure chamber  47 . Also, the piezoelectric vibrators  21  are contracted by the increase (charge) of potential to thereby expand the pressure chamber  47 , while the piezoelectric vibrators  21  are expanded by the decrease (discharge) of potential to thereby contract the pressure chamber  47 . If the intermediate potential VM is set higher than the reference potential, therefore, the normal volume is greater in expansion than the reference volume (the volume of the pressure chamber corresponding to the reference intermediate potential VM). On the other hand, if the intermediate potential VM is set lower than the reference potential, the normal volume is smaller in contraction than the reference volume. 
     At this time, if a change is made in only the intermediate potential VM, the maximum potential VH is the same before and after a change is made in the intermediate potential VM. If the intermediate potential VM is set higher than the reference potential, therefore, the potential difference between the intermediate potential VM and the maximum potential VH is smaller than that when the intermediate potential VM is set to its reference value. As a result, the expansion margin of the pressure chamber  47  gets smaller. On the other hand, if the intermediate potential VM is set lower than the reference value, the potential difference between the intermediate potential VM and the maximum potential VH is greater than that when the intermediate potential VM is set to its reference value. As a result, the expansion margin of the pressure chamber  47  gets greater. The expansion margin defines the amount of liquid material to be flown into the pressure chamber  47 . In other words, if the expansion margin is greater than the reference value, the amount of liquid drops to be flown into the pressure chamber  47  from the common liquid chamber  48  gets greater than the reference amount. On the other hand, if the expansion margin is smaller than the reference value, the amount of liquid drops to be flown into the pressure chamber  47  from the common liquid chamber  48  gets smaller than the reference amount. 
     Further, if a change is made in only the intermediate potential VM, the duration (supply time) of the expansion component P 1  becomes the same before and after a change is made in the intermediate potential VM. Therefore, if the intermediate potential VM is set higher than the reference value, the expansion speed of the pressure chamber  47  gets slower when the pressure element P 1  is supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 . On the other hand, if the intermediate potential VM is set lower than the reference value, the expansion speed of the pressure chamber  47  gets faster. 
     The expansion margin of the pressure chamber  47  influences the pressure of liquid material in the pressure chamber  47  just after the supply of the expansion component P 1 . In other words, as the expansion margin gets smaller than the reference value, the pressure of the liquid material in the pressure chamber  47  is closer to its normal pressure just after the supply of the expansion component P 1 . Therefore, the inflow amount liquid material gets smaller than the reference value, and the inflow speed of liquid material gets smaller. As a result, there is a relatively small change in the pressure of liquid material in the pressure chamber  47 . On the contrary, if the expansion margin is greater than the reference value, the pressure of liquid material in the pressure chamber  47  gets significantly smaller just after the supply of the expansion component P 1 . Therefore, the inflow amount of liquid material gets larger, and the inflow speed of liquid material gets faster, resulting in a big change in the pressure of liquid material in the pressure chamber  47 . 
     At this time, since the pressure chamber  47  can be regarded as an acoustic tube, the energy of a change in the pressure of liquid material made by the supply of the expansion component P 1  is conserved in the pressure chamber  47  to be pressure vibration. Also, the discharge component P 3  is supplied at the time when the pressure vibration is turned into positive pressure, resulting in contraction of the pressure chamber  47 . At this time, the energy conserved in the pressure chamber  47  differs higher according to the expansion margin of the pressure chamber  47  (that is, the magnitude of the intermediate potential VM), so that there is a change in the flying speed and the amount of liquid drops to be discharged even if the potential difference or inclination of the discharge component P 3  are the same. 
     In this case, there is a difference between the degree of change in the flying speed and that in the amount of liquid material to be discharged when there is a change in the intermediate potential VM. In other words, there is a difference in their sensitivity. For example, there is a relatively great change in the flying speed for a change of the intermediate potential VM, while there is a relatively small change in the weight of liquid drops for a change in the intermediate potential VM. It can be considered to be because the weight of liquid drops is greatly affected by driving voltage (a potential difference of discharge component P 3 ), i.e., the contraction amount of the pressure chamber  47 . 
     Accordingly, if the driving voltage and the intermediate potential VM are appropriately set in combination, it is possible to change the amount of liquid drops to be discharged while the flying speed of liquid drops is kept constant. 
     For example, if the flying speed of a liquid drop is set to 7 m/s, the relationship among the driving voltage, the intermediate potential VM and the weight of the liquid drop is determined as shown in  FIG. 10(   a ). Referring to  FIG. 10(   a ), if the driving voltage is set to 31.5 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 20% of the driving voltage (that is, the potential of 6.3 V higher than the minimum potential VL), respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 16.5 ng can be discharged. Further, if the driving voltage is set to 29.7 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 40% of the driving voltage, respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 15.3 ng can be discharged. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is set to 28.0 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 60% of the driving voltage, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 13.6 ng can be discharged. 
     Further, if the driving voltage and the intermediate potential VM are appropriately set, there may be a change in the flying speed of liquid drops while the discharge amount of the liquid drop is kept constant. 
     For example, if the weight of liquid drop is set to 15 ng, the relationship among the driving voltage, the intermediate potential VM and the flying speed of the liquid drop is as shown in  FIG. 10(   b ). Referring to  FIG. 10(   b ), if the driving voltage is set to 29.2 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 20% of driving voltage (that is, the potential of 5.7 V higher than the minimum potential VL), respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of the liquid drop is approximately 6.1 m/s. Further, if the driving voltage is set to 29.0 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 40% of driving voltage, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of the liquid drop is approximately 6.8 m/s. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is set to 30.6 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 60%, respectively, the flying speed of the liquid drop is approximately 8.1 m/s. 
     Next, a description will be made of the relationship between the duration (Pwc 1 ) of the expansion component P 1  of respective standard driving pulse PS 1  to PS 3  and the discharge characteristics of liquid drops. 
     The duration of the expansion component P 1  defines the expansion speed of the pressure chamber  47  from the normal volume to the maximum volume. Also, regardless of the duration of the expansion component P 1 , the start potential of the expansion component P 1  is set to the intermediate potential VM and the termination potential thereof is set to the maximum potential VH, respectively, the duration is set shorter than the reference value, thereby making the gradient for the expansion component P 1  steeper and making the expansion speed of the pressure chamber  47  faster than the reference value. On the other hand, if the duration is set longer than the reference value, the gradient of the expansion component P 1  gets gentler and the expansion speed of the pressure chamber  47  gets lower than the reference value. 
     The difference in the expansion speed influences the pressure of the liquid material in the pressure chamber  47  just after the supply of the expansion component P 1 . In other words, if the expansion speed is slower than the reference value, there may be a smaller change in the pressure of the liquid material just after the supply of the expansion element P 1 , to thereby decrease the inflow speed of liquid material into the pressure chamber  47 . On the other hand, if the expansion speed gets faster than the reference value, the pressure of liquid material in the pressure chamber  47  significantly decreases just after the supply of the expansion component P 1 , to thereby accelerate the pressure vibration and the inflow speed of liquid material into the pressure chamber  47 . 
     Accordingly, if there is a change in the duration of the expansion component P 1 , the flying speed and weight of liquid drops can be changed even if the potential difference or inclination of the discharge component P 3  are identical. 
     In this time, also, similar to when there is a change in the intermediate potential VM, there is a relatively large variation in the flying speed of liquid drops in comparison with a change in the duration of the expansion component P 1 . However, there is a relatively small change in the weight of liquid drops in comparison with a change in the duration of the expansion component P 1 . Accordingly, if the driving voltage and the duration of the expansion component P 1  are properly set, the discharge amount of liquid drops can be changed while the flying speed of liquid drops is kept constant. 
     For example, if the flying speed of a liquid drop is set to 7 m/s, the relationship among the driving voltage, the duration of the expansion component P 1  and the weight of the liquid drop are as shown in  FIG. 11(   a ). As shown in  FIG. 11(   a ), if the driving voltage is set to 27.4 V and the duration of the expansion component P 1  is set to 2.5 μs, respectively, it can be understood that liquid material of approximately 15.3 ng can be discharged. Further, if the driving voltage is set to 29.5 V and the duration of the expansion component P 1  is set to 3.5 μs, respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 16.0 ng can be discharged. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is set to 25.0 V and the duration of expansion component P 1  is set to 6.5 μs, respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 11.8 ng can be discharged. 
     Further, if the driving voltage and the duration of the expansion component P 1  are appropriately set, there may be a change in the flying speed of liquid drops while the discharge amount of liquid drops is kept constant. 
     For example, if the weight of a liquid drop is set to 15 ng, the relationship among the driving voltage, the duration of the expansion component P 1  and the flying speed of the liquid drop are as shown in  FIG. 11(   b ). Referring to  FIG. 11(   b ), if the driving voltage is set to 26.8 V and the duration of the expansion component P 1  is set to 2.5 μs, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of the liquid drop can be set to approximately 6.7 m/s. Further, if the driving voltage is set to 27.8 V and the duration of the expansion component P 1  is set to 3.5 μs, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of a liquid drop can be set to approximately 6.3 m/s. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is set to 31.7 V and the duration of the expansion component P 1  is set to 6.5 μs, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of a liquid drop can be set to approximately 10.8 m/s. 
     Next, a description will be made of the relationship between the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  of respective standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3  (Pwh 1 ) and the discharge characteristics of liquid drops. 
     The duration of the expansion hold component P 2  defines a supply starting timing of the discharge component P 3 , i.e., a contraction starting timing of the pressure chamber  47 . A difference in the contraction starting timing of the pressure chamber  47  affects the flying speed and discharge amount of liquid drops. It is considered to be because there is a change in the resultant pressure according to a difference between a phase of pressure vibration excited by the expansion component P 1  and that of the pressure vibration excited by the discharge component P 3 . 
     In other words, if the expansion component P 1  is supplied to expand the pressure chamber  47 , as described above, pressure vibration is excited at the liquid material in the pressure chamber  47  along with the aforementioned expansion. If the pressure chamber  47  starts contraction at the timing when the pressure of liquid material in the pressure chamber  47  is positive pressure, it is possible to fly (eject) liquid drops at a higher speed than when the liquid drops are discharged in its normal state. On the contrary, if the pressure chamber  47  starts contraction at the timing when the pressure of liquid material in the pressure chamber  47  is negative pressure, it is possible to fly liquid drops at a lower speed than when the liquid drops are discharged in its normal state. Further, the weight of liquid drops varies in correspondence with the duration of the expansion hold component P 2 , and there is a relatively small amount change in the weight of liquid drop. This is similar to the aforementioned cases  23 . It is considered to be because the weight of liquid drops is affected by the magnitude of driving voltage. 
     the above will be described with reference to  FIG. 12 . At this time,  FIG. 12  illustrates a change in the discharge characteristics when an adjustment is made to the duration of the expansion hold component P:  FIG. 12(   a ) illustrates a change in the flying speed of liquid drops when there is a change in the duration, and  FIG. 12(   b ) illustrates a change in the weight of liquid drops when there is a change in the duration. Furthermore, in those drawings, a solid line indicates a characteristic when the driving voltage is set to 20 V, and a dotted line indicates a characteristic when the driving voltage is set to 23 V. Further, the minimum potential VL and the duration of respective waveform components except the expansion hold component P 2  are kept constant with the reference values, and the intermediate potential VM is changed in correspondence with the driving voltage. 
     As can be understood from in  FIG. 12(   a ), within the measurement range, the flying speed of liquid drops gets slower as the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  increases. For example, if the driving voltage is set to 20 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 2 μs, the flying speed of a liquid drop is approximately 6.5 m/s. If the driving voltage is set to 20 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 3 μs, the flying speed of a liquid drop is approximately 4 m/s. Furthermore, the driving voltage is set higher, the flying speed of liquid drops gets faster. For example, if the driving voltage is set to 23 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 2 μs, the flying speed of a liquid drop is approximately 8.7 m/s. If the driving voltage is set to 23 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 3 μs, the flying speed of a liquid drop is approximately 5.2 m/s. Similarly, if the driving voltage is set to 26 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 2 μs, the flying speed of a liquid drop is approximately 10.7 m/s. If the driving voltage is set to 26 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 3 μs, the flying speed of liquid drops is approximately 7 m/s. 
     Further, as can be understood from  FIG. 12(   b ), within the measurement range, the weight of liquid drops decreases as the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  increases (that is, the discharge amount of liquid drops decreases). For example, if the driving voltage is set to 20 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 2 μs, the weight of a liquid drop is approximately 11.5 ng. If the driving voltage is set to 20 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 3 μs, the weight of a liquid drop is approximately 10.5 ng. Further, if the driving voltage increases, the weight of liquid drops increases (that is, the discharge amount of liquid drops increases). For example, if the driving voltage is set to 23 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 2 μs, the weight of a liquid drop is approximately 13.2 ng. If the driving voltage is set to 23 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 3 μs, the weight of a liquid drop is approximately 12.1 ng. Similarly, if the driving voltage is set to 26 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 2 μs, the weight of a liquid drop is approximately 15.0 ng. If the driving voltage is set to 26 V, and if the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 3 μs, the weight of a liquid drop is approximately 13.8 ng. 
     In this case, also if the driving voltage and the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  are appropriately set, there may be a change in the discharge amount of liquid drops while the flying speed of liquid drops is kept constant. 
     For example, if the flying speed of a liquid drop is set to 7 m/s, the relationship among the driving voltage, the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  and the weight of the liquid drop are shown in  FIG. 13(   a ). Referring to  FIG. 13(   a ), if the driving voltage is set to 20.5 V and the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  is set to 2.0 μs, respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 11.8 ng can be discharged. Further, if the driving voltage is set to 26.2 V and the duration of an expansion hold component P 2  is set to 3.0 μs, respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 13.8 ng can be discharged. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is set to 29.8 V and the duration of an expansion hold component P 2  is set to 3.5 μs, respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 15.9 ng can be discharged. 
     Further, if the driving voltage and the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  are appropriately set, it is possible to change the flying speed of liquid drops while the discharge amount of liquid drops is kept constant. 
     For example, if the weight of a liquid drop is set to 15 ng, the relationship among the driving voltage, the duration of the expansion hold component P 2  and the flying speed of the liquid drop are shown in  FIG. 13(   b ). Referring to  FIG. 13(   b ), if the driving voltage is set to 26.2 V and the duration of the expansion component P 1  is set to 2.0 μs, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of a liquid drop can be set to approximately 10.8 m/s. Further, if the driving voltage is set to 28.0 V and the duration of the expansion hold component P 1  is set to 3.0 μs, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of a liquid drop can be set to approximately 8.0 m/s. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is set to 28.0 V and the duration of the expansion component P 1  is set to 3.5 μs, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of a liquid drop can be set to approximately 6.3 m/s. 
     In this manner, if the driving voltage, the intermediate potential VM, the duration of expansion component P 1  and the duration of an expansion hold component P 2  are appropriately set for respective standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3 , it is possible to control the flying speed or weight of a liquid drop. Therefore, a desired amount of a liquid drop can be discharged at a desired speed. As a result, it becomes possible to improve accuracy in the hitting (application) position and discharge amount of liquid drops at the same time. 
     Next, a description will be made of respective micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6 . 
     First, a description will be made of a change in the discharge characteristics when a change is made in the driving voltage. At this time,  FIG. 16  illustrates a change in the discharge characteristics when an adjustment is made in the driving voltage:  FIG. 16(   a ) illustrates a change in the flying speed of liquid drops when a change is made in the driving voltage; and  FIG. 16(   b ) illustrates a change in the weight of liquid drops when a change is made in the driving voltage. Furthermore, in  FIG. 16(   a ), a solid line having black circles indicates main liquid drops; a dotted line having white circles indicates satellite liquid drops; and a broken line having triangles indicates second satellite liquid drops. 
     As can be understood from  FIG. 16 , within the measurement range, the relationship among the magnitude of driving voltage and the flying speed and weight of liquid drops are in proportion (coefficient is positive). In other words, if the driving voltage increases, the flying speed of liquid drops (main liquid drops) and the weight of the liquid drops increase at the same time. For example, if the driving voltage is 18 V, the flying speed of a main liquid drop is approximately 4 m/s and the weight thereof is approximately 4.4 ng. Further, if the driving voltage is 24 V, the flying speed of a main liquid drop is approximately 9.0 m/s and the weight thereof is approximately 6.8 ng. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is 33 V, the flying speed of a main liquid drop is approximately 16 m/s and the weight thereof is approximately 10.2 ng. It is considered to be because there is a change in the variation range in the volume of the pressure chamber  47  due to an increase or decrease in the driving voltage, with the same reason for the standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3 . Accordingly, it can be understood that the flying speed and the discharge amount of liquid drops are increased and decreased at the same, time by setting the driving voltage even for these micro-driving pulses. 
     Furthermore, referring to  FIG. 16(   a ), if the driving voltage is set to 18 V, a liquid drop is divided into a main liquid drop and a satellite liquid drop for flight. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is set to over 24 V, second satellite liquid drop appears in addition to the satellite liquid drop. For the micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6 , the satellite liquid drop has a higher speed along with an increase of driving voltage. However, the second satellite liquid drop has an approximately constant flying speed (6 to 7 m/s). 
     Next, a description will be made of a relationship between the intermediate potential VM of respective micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6  and the discharge characteristics of liquid drops. 
     For the micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6 , the intermediate potential VM defines the normal volume of the pressure chamber  47 . Accordingly, the expansion margin can be set from the normal volume to the maximum volume by a change in the intermediate potential VM. Also, a change of the expansion margin can set the amount of the meniscus to be drawn into the pressure chamber  47  when the second expansion component P 11  is supplied. Furthermore, the duration of the second expansion component P 11  is constant, so that there can be a change in the speed of the meniscus being drawn into the pressure chamber  47  if there is a change in the expansion margin. 
     It is considered that the amount and speed of a drawn-in meniscus affect the discharge amount of liquid drops. In other words, if the amount of the meniscus being drawn into the pressure chamber is greater than the reference value, the amount of liquid material to be discharged as a liquid drop gets smaller than the reference value. On the contrary, if the amount of the meniscus being drawn into the pressure chamber is smaller than the reference value, the amount of liquid material to be discharged as a liquid drop gets greater than the reference value. If the drawn-in speed of the meniscus is higher than the reference value, the moving speed of the central part of the meniscus gets higher than the reference value by the reaction. As a result, the flying speed of a liquid drop gets higher than the reference value. However, if the drawn-in speed of the meniscus is lower than the reference value, the reaction gets smaller, thereby making the moving speed of the central part of the meniscus and the flying speed of a liquid drop lower than the reference value. 
     Accordingly, if the driving voltage and the intermediate potential VM are appropriately set, it is possible to change the discharge amount of liquid drops while the flying speed of liquid drops is kept constant. For example, if the flying speed of a liquid drop is set to 7 m/s, the relationship among the driving voltage, the intermediate potential VM and the weight of liquid drops are as shown in  FIG. 17(   a ). Referring to in  FIG. 17(   a ), if the driving voltage is set to 19.5 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 0% of the driving voltage (that is, the potential identical to the minimum potential VL), respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 5.6 ng can be discharged. Further, if the driving voltage is set to 22.5 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 30% of the driving voltage, respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 5.9 ng can be discharged. If the driving voltage is set to 24.5 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 50% of the driving voltage, respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 7.5 ng can be discharged. 
     Further, if the driving voltage and the intermediate potential VM are appropriately set, it is possible to change the flying speed of liquid drops while the discharge amount of liquid drops is kept constant. For example, if the weight of a liquid drop is set to 5.5 ng, the relationship among driving voltage, intermediate potential VM and the flying speed of liquid drops are as shown in  FIG. 17(   b ). Referring to  FIG. 17(   b ), if the driving voltage is set to 19.0 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 0% of the driving voltage, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of a liquid drop can be set to approximately 6.9 m/s. Further, if the driving voltage is set to 21.5 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 30% of the driving voltage, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of a liquid drop can be set to approximately 6.2 m/s. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is set to 20.2 V and the intermediate potential VM is set to 50% of the driving voltage, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of a liquid drop can be set to approximately 4.5 m/s. 
     Next, a description will be made of the relationship between the discharge potential VF (the termination potential of the second discharge component P 13 ) of respective micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6  and the discharge characteristics of liquid drops. 
     The discharge potential VF defines the discharge volume of the pressure chamber  47  (the volume when the supply of the second discharge component P 13  is finished). Accordingly, if a change is made in the discharge potential VF, it is possible to set the contraction amount of the pressure chamber from the maximum volume to the discharge volume. Further, if the duration of the second discharge component P 13  is constant, a change of the discharge potential VF can change the contraction speed. In other words, if the discharge potential VF is set lower than the reference value, the contraction speed gets higher. On the contrary, the discharge potential VF is set higher than the reference value, the contraction speed gets lower. 
     The contraction amount and speed of the pressure chamber  47  are considered to affect the discharge amount of liquid drops. In other words, if the contraction amount of the pressure chamber  47  is greater than the reference value, the discharge amount of liquid drops gets greater than the reference value. If the contraction amount is smaller than the reference value, the discharge amount of liquid drops gets smaller than the reference value. Further, if the contraction speed is higher, the flying speed of liquid drops gets higher. On the contrary, if the contraction speed is lower, the flying speed gets lower. 
     Furthermore, in this case, the change amount of the flying speed and that of the discharge amount caused by the change of the discharge potential VF differ from those when a change is made in the driving voltage. Accordingly, if the driving voltage and the discharge potential VF are appropriately set, it is possible to change the discharge weight while the flying speed of liquid drops is kept constant. 
     For example, if the flying speed of a liquid drop is set to 7 m/s, the relationship among driving voltage, discharge potential VF and the weight of liquid drops are shown in  FIG. 18(   a ). Referring to  FIG. 18(   a ), if the driving voltage is set to 27.0 V and the potential of the second discharge component P 13  is set to 50% of the driving voltage (that is, the discharge potential VF is 13.5 V lower than the maximum potential VH), respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 3.6 ng can be discharged. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is set to 21.3 V and the potential of the second discharge component P 13  is set to 70% of the driving voltage, respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 5.6 ng can be discharged. Furthermore, if the driving voltage is set to 16.6 V and the potential of the second discharge component P 13  is set to 100% of the driving voltage (that is, the discharge potential VF is identical to the minimum potential VL), respectively, it can be understood that a liquid drop of approximately 7.6 ng can be discharged. Moreover, of the potential of the second discharge component P 13  is set to 100% of the driving voltage, the contraction damping component P 15  is not set. 
     Further, if the driving voltage and the discharge potential VF are appropriately set, it is possible to change the flying speed of liquid drops while the discharge amount of liquid drops is kept constant. 
     For example, if the weight of a liquid drop is set to 5.5 ng, the relationship among the driving voltage, the discharge potential VF and the flying speed of liquid drops are as shown in  FIG. 18(   b ). Referring to  FIG. 18(   b ), if the driving voltage is set to 32.0 V and the potential of the second discharge component P 13  is set to 50% of the driving voltage, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of a liquid drop can be set to approximately 11.2 m/s. Further, if the driving voltage is set to 19.5 V and the potential of the second discharge component P 13  is set to 70% of the driving voltage, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of a liquid drop can be set to approximately 5.5 m/s. Furthermore, if the driving voltage 12.0 V and the potential of the second discharge component P 13  are set to 100% of the driving voltage, respectively, it can be understood that the flying speed of a liquid drop can be set to approximately 3.0 m/s. 
     Similarly, for respective micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6 , if the driving voltage, the intermediate potential VM and the discharge potential VF are appropriately set, it is possible to control the discharge amount or flying speed of a liquid drop. 
     Accordingly, the waveform information of the main controller  31  (pulse shape setting means) can set the waveform of respective driving pulses PS 1  to PS 6 , and the driving pulses PS 1  to PS 6  set as such are then supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 . As a result, the desired amount of liquid drops can be discharged at the desired speed. Accordingly, the predetermined amount (target amount) and short amount of liquid drops can be discharged to each pixel region  12   a  by the same injection head  7  (identical nozzle openings  25 ). 
     Further, if the flying speed of liquid drops can be set, different amounts of liquid drops can be flied (ejected) at the same speed. Therefore, the scanning speed of injection head  7  can arrange the hitting (application) positions of liquid drops while it is kept constant. As a result, the hitting positions of liquid drops can be accurately controlled without any complex control. 
     Furthermore, since an extremely small amount of liquid drops having the weight of approximately 4 ng of one liquid drop are easily affected by viscosity resistance of air, the hitting positions of liquid drops can be controlled in greater precision when consideration is taken into the amount of liquid drops lost by the viscosity of air. In the present embodiment, the waveform of driving pulses is set to thereby make it possible to change the flying speed while the amount of liquid drops is kept constant. Therefore, even for the extremely small amount of liquid drops described above, it is possible to control the discharge operation of liquid drops, just like when the weight of one liquid drop is greater than 10 ng, by setting the waveform. As a result, it is possible to facilitate the control. 
     Next, a description will be made of a method for manufacturing a color filter  2 .  FIG. 19  is a flowchart illustrating a color filter manufacturing process, and  FIG. 20  is a mimetic cross-sectional view of a color filter  2  (filter substrate  2 ) according to the embodiment of the present invention, which illustrates the manufacturing process in sequence. 
     First, in a black matrix formation step (S 1 ), as shown in  FIG. 20(   a ), black matrixes  72  are formed on a substrate  11 . The black matrixes  72  are formed by metal chromium, a lamination of metal chromium and chromium oxide, resin black, etc. If the black matrixes  72  are made of a thin metal film, a sputtering or vapor deposition method can be used. If the black matrixes  72  are made of a thin resin film, a gravure printing method, a photo-resist method or a heat transfer method can be used. 
     Subsequently, in a bank formation step (S 2 ), banks  73  are formed in a state of being superposed on the black matrixes  72 . In other words, as shown in  FIG. 20(   b ), a resist layer  74  made of negative, transparent, and photosensitive resin is formed to cover the substrate  11  and the black matrixes  72 . Then, a photo-exposure treatment is performed in a state that the top surface of the resist layer is covered with on a mask film  75  formed in a matrix pattern. 
     Furthermore, as shown in  FIG. 20(   c ), non-exposed parts of the resist layer  74  are etched out to pattern the resist layer  74 , thereby forming banks  73 . Moreover, when black matrixes are formed by resin black, it can be used as both the black matrixes and the banks. 
     The banks  73  and the underlying black matrixes  72  serves as partition walls  12   b  to partition each pixel region, and defines hit (applied) regions of ink drops when colored layers  76 R,  76 G and  76 B are formed by the injection head  7  in a subsequent colored layer formation step. 
     The filter substrate  2 ′ can be obtained through the black matrix formation step and the bank formation step. 
     Furthermore, in the present embodiment, a resin making a coated film surface ink-phobic is utilized as a material of the banks  73 . Also, the glass substrate (substrate  11 ) has an ink-philic property, so that it can improve the precision for the hitting position of liquid drops in each pixel region  12   a  surrounded with the banks  73  (or partition walls  12   b ) in the colored layer formation step. 
     Next, in the colored layer formation step (S 3 ), as shown in  FIG. 20(   d ), ink drops are discharged by the injection head  7  and applied into each pixel region  12   a  surrounded with the partition walls  12   b . Thereafter, the three colored layers  76 R,  76 G,  76 B are formed by the drying treatment in sequence. The colored layer formation step will be described below in detail with reference to  FIG. 21 . 
     After the formation of the colored layers  76 R,  76 G,  76 B, the flow proceeds to a protective film formation step (S 4 ), where a protective film  77  is formed to cover the top surfaces of the substrate  11 , partition walls  12   b  and colored layers  76 R,  76 G,  76 B, as shown in  FIG. 20(   e ). 
     In other words, after coating liquid for a protective film is discharged all over the surfaces where the colored layers  76 R,  76 G,  76 B of the substrate  11  are formed, a drying treatment is performed to form a protective film  77 . 
     After the formation of the protective film  77 , color filters  2  are obtained by cutting the substrate  11  at individual effective pixel regions. 
     Next, the colored layer formation step will be further described in detail. As shown in  FIG. 21 , the colored layer formation step comprises: a liquid material discharge step (S 11 ), a hitting (application) amount detection step (S 12 ), a correction amount acquisition step (S 13 ) and a liquid material supplementation step (S 14 ), and these steps are performed in sequence. 
     In the liquid material discharge step (S  11 ), the liquid drops (ink drops) of the predetermined colors, for example, R, G and B are driven into each pixel region  12   a  of the substrate  11 . In this step, the main controller  31  as pulse shape setting means generates waveform information (DAT) to generate the standard driving pulses PS 1  to PS 3 , and driving signals generator  32  as driving pulse generating means generates standard driving pulses on the basis of the waveform information. Also, the main controller (main control means) generates movement control information (DRV 1 ) to output it to the carriage motor  6 , and generates control signals for the injection head  7  to output them to the injection head  7 . As a result, the main scanning is performed. In other words, as soon as the guide bar  4  is moved in the main scanning direction (in the direction of X-axis) by the operation of the carriage motor  6 , the predetermined colors of ink drops are discharged out of the nozzle openings  25  of the injection head  7 . 
     In this case, in the present embodiment, a waveform of driving pulses is set as described above, so that the discharge amount of ink drops and flying speed thereof can be optimally controlled to thereby cause the predetermined amount of ink drops to be applied to predetermined pixel regions  12   a.    
     After the completion of first main scanning, the injection head  7  is moved by a predetermined distance in the sub-scanning direction for the following main scanning. Thereafter, the aforementioned operations are repeatedly performed to drive liquid drops into all the pixel regions  12   a  all over the surface of the substrate  11 . 
     Furthermore, in the liquid material discharge step, the main controller  31  (pulse shape setting means) may generate waveform information (DAT) by addition of detection signals (environment information) generated by the environment condition detecting means such as temperature sensor or humidity sensor. In the structure thus configured, the discharge characteristics of liquid drops can be well managed in spite of a change in the installation environment (temperature and humidity) of the manufacturing apparatus  1 . 
     Further, the main controller  31  (pulse shape setting means) may generate waveform information (DAT) by acquiring physical property information to reveal information on the type of liquid materials to be used, for example, the physical properties such as viscosity or density, and by adding the type information. In the configuration described above, it is possible to generate a waveform of driving pulses suitable to any different kind of liquid material, resulting in a superior generality of the configuration. 
     In the hitting amount detection step (S 12 ), the amount of ink applied in the liquid material discharge step is detected at every pixel region  12   a  by the liquid material sensor  17  as liquid material amount detecting means. In other words, in the hitting amount detection step (S 12 ), the amount of hitting (applied) ink in which nonuniformity may occur by a difference in the characteristics of respective nozzle openings or a bad discharge of ink drops are detected at every pixel region  12   a.    
     In the above step, the main controller  31  (main control means) moves the carriage  5  by outputting movement control information (DRV 1 ) to the carriage motor  6  and then outputs light emission control information (DRV 2 ) to the laser-light emitting element  18 , to thereby illuminate a desired pixel region  12   a  with laser light Lb. The laser light Lb is reflected on the placing surface  3   a  as a light-reflecting surface and then received by a laser-light receiving element  19 . Then, the laser-light receiving element  19 , which has received the reflected laser light Lb outputs a detection signal having a voltage level according to the quantity of received light (the intensity of received light) to the main controller  31 . The main controller  31  determines the amount of applied ink from the detection signal (the quantity of received light in the laser-light receiving element  19 ) outputted from the laser-light receiving element  19 . 
     The amount of applied ink is determined for all pixel regions  12   a . In other words, after the amount of applied ink for one pixel region  12   a  is detected, the amount of applied ink for the next pixel region  12   a  is detected. After the amount of applied ink is detected for all the pixel regions  12   a  in such a manner, the detection step is completed. Moreover, the acquired amount of applied ink is stored in, for example, in RAM (hitting (applied) liquid material amount storage means, not shown) of the main controller  31  in relation to the position information of the pixel regions  12   a.    
     In the correction amount acquisition step (S 13 ), the amount of applied ink for each pixel region  12   a  detected by the hitting amount detection step is compared with the target ink amount (a type of target liquid material amount in the present invention) for the corresponding pixel region  12   a , thereby acquiring as the correction amount, a difference between the applied ink amount and the target ink amount. At this time, the target ink amount in the present embodiment is regarded as the applied ink amount of a pixel region  12   a  where the applied amount of ink is the greatest. In other words, a maximum value of the applied ink amount detected by the hitting amount detection step is set as the target ink amount and stored in RAM (target liquid material amount storage means, not shown) of the main controller  31 . Moreover, the target ink amount can be commonly or separately set with colors (R, G, and B). 
     In the above step, the main controller  31  functions as a type of short amount acquiring means of the present invention. For example, the main controller  31  reads the applied ink amount and target ink amount stored in RAM, and acquires a difference between the applied ink amount and the target ink amount by calculation. Furthermore, the information on the acquired difference in the ink amount is stored in RAM (equivalent to excess or short amount storage means, not shown) of the main controller  31  as the short amount information (equivalent to a type of excess or short amount of liquid material in the present invention) in relation with the position information of the liquid material regions (pixel regions  12   a ). 
     In the liquid material supplementation step (S 14 ), the injection head  7  is positioned to the pixel region  12   a  where the applied ink amount is less than the target ink amount, and the waveform of driving pulses (for example, micro-driving pulses PS 4  to PS 6 ) according to the shortage of the applied ink amount is supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21  to thereby supplement ink to the corresponding pixel region  12   a.    
     In other words, in the above step, the main controller  31  first recognizes a pixel region  12   a  that requires the supplementation of ink by the reading of information on the short amount of ink from RAM. Next, for the pixel region  12   a  requiring supplementation of ink, driving pulses for discharging the short amount of ink are set. In other words, the waveform information is set. Furthermore, the set waveform information is stored in RAM (equivalent to supplementation pulse setting information storage means not shown) of the main controller  31 , as supplementation pulse setting information, in relation with the position information of the pixel regions  12   a.    
     If the supplementation pulse setting information is stored for all pixel regions  12   a  requiring the supplementation of ink, the main controller  31  controls the supplementation of ink. In other words, the injection head  7  is positioned to the pixel region  12   a  for ink to be supplemented by controlling the carriage motor  6 . Then, the waveform information (supplementation pulse setting information) is outputted to the driving signal generator  32 , and the short amount of liquid drops are discharged and applied to the relevant pixel regions  12   a.    
     If ink is completely supplemented for the pixel region  12   a , the injection head  7  is moved to the next pixel region  12   a  to supplement ink in a similar ink-supplementing sequence. Then, when the supplementation of ink is completed for all the pixel regions  12   a  for ink to be supplemented, the ink supplementation step is completed. 
     If the series of steps (that is, the colored layer formation step) are completed, ink liquid is fixed in the pixel regions  12   a  by a heating treatment, etc., to thereby form the colored layers  76 . Thereafter, the completely fixed filter substrate  2 ′ is transported to the following step (that is, a protective film formation step). 
     Furthermore, in the present embodiment, although the same injection head  7  discharges the respective colors (R, G, B) of ink, a plurality of (three) injection heads corresponding to the respective colors may be arranged on a manufacturing line to separately discharge the colors of ink. In this configuration, the drying step is carried out after the drawing of the first color, and then the drawing of the second color is performed. Then, the drying step is carried out similar to the treatment of the first color, and then the drawing of the third color is performed. After the drawing of the third color, the drying step is carried out, and the last main drying treatment is carried out. Various colors of the color filters are completely dried by the main drying treatment. 
     On the other hand, although an example configured for supplementing the shortage of applied ink has been described in the above, the scope of the present invention is not limited to such construction. For example, in the case that a designed value of the applied ink amount is used as the target ink amount and an ink amount exceeding the designed value is applied, the coloring component decomposing means may be operated according to the excess ink amount to thereby decompose the excess amount of ink (coloring component). Hereinafter, a modified example thus constructed will be explained. 
       FIGS. 22 and 23  illustrate the modified example of the present invention.  FIG. 22  is a flowchart illustrating a colored layer formation step, and  FIG. 23  is a mimetic diagram illustrating a type of the coloring component decomposing means, an excimer laser light source  80 . Further, since a basic configuration of the manufacturing apparatus  1  in the modified example is similar to that of the above embodiment, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     The modified example is characterized by comprising an excimer laser light source as a coloring component decomposing means. As used herein, the term ‘excimer’ means an unstable dimer including two atoms or molecules of the same kind, one atom or molecule being in a ground state and the other being in an excited state, and ‘excimer laser light’ means laser light which utilizes light emitted when the excimer is dissociated and transited to the ground state. 
     The excimer laser light is an ultraviolet light having a high level of energy with an effect of cutting the molecular bondage of the coloring component (pigment) in ink liquid. Therefore, the coloring component can be decomposed, and the depth of color can be made thin. Further, it also has a function of preventing scattering of ink or damage of the filter substrate. Moreover, in the excimer laser light, the output and the illumination pulse number (time) can be controlled to adjust the decomposing amount of the color component. 
     After the excimer laser light is, for example, illuminated by an excimer laser light source  80 , it illuminates each pixel region  12   a  through the prism  81 . Furthermore, the excimer laser light source  80  is electrically connected to the main controller  31  such that the operation thereof can be controlled. In other words, the main controller  31  controls the output of the excimer laser light and the number of illuminating pulses. 
     Hereinafter, a description will be made of a coating step in the present embodiment. Moreover, the description will be made mainly about the difference from the above embodiment, and the detailed description about the contents identical to the above embodiment will be omitted. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 22 , the coating step comprises a liquid material discharge step (S 11 ), a hitting (applied) amount detection step (S 12 ), a correction amount acquisition step (S 13 ), a liquid material supplementation step (S 14 ) and a liquid material decomposition step (S  15 ), and these step are performed in sequence. 
     In the liquid material discharge step (S 11 ), a predetermined color and amount of ink drops is driven into each pixel region  12   a  on the substrate  11 . This step is performed in the same way as that of the above embodiment. In other words, as soon as the guide bar  4  is moved in the main scanning direction (in the direction of X-axis) by the operation of the carriage motor  6 , the predetermined colors of ink drops are discharged out of the nozzle openings  25  of the injection head  7 . 
     In the hitting amount detection step (S 12 ), the amount of applied ink is detected at every pixel region  12   a . This step is also carried out in the same way as that of the above embodiment. For example it is performed by the liquid material sensor  17 . Then, the acquired amount of applied ink is stored in RAM (equivalent to hitting (applied) liquid material amount storage means, not shown) of the main controller  31  in relation to the position information of the pixel regions  12   a . Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the liquid material sensor  17  also functions as a type of liquid material amount detecting means. 
     In the correction amount acquisition step (S 13 ), the amount of applied ink for each pixel region  12   a  detected by the hitting amount detection step is compared with the target ink amount (a type of target liquid material amount in the present invention) for the corresponding pixel region  12   a , thereby acquiring a difference between the applied ink amount and target ink amount as the correction amount. At this time, the target ink amount in the present embodiment is used as the designed value of the applied ink amount, which is stored in RAM (equivalent to the target liquid material amount storage means, not shown) of the main controller  31 . 
     In the above step, the main controller  31  (a type of short amount acquiring means or a type of excess amount acquiring means in the present invention) reads the applied ink amount and the target ink amount stored in RAM, and acquires a difference between the applied ink amount and the target ink amount by calculation. Furthermore, the information on the acquired difference in the applied ink amount is stored in RAM (equivalent to an excess or short amount storage means, not shown) of the main controller  31  as the excess or short ink amount information (a type of excess or short amount of liquid material in the present invention) in relation with the position information of the pixel regions  12   a.    
     In the liquid material supplementation step (S 4 ) similar to that of the above embodiment, the injection head  7  is positioned on the pixel region  12   a  where the applied ink amount is less than the target ink amount, and the waveform of driving pulses according to the shortage of the applied ink amount is supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21  to thereby supplement ink to the corresponding pixel region  12   a.    
     In the liquid material decomposition step (S 5 ), the excimer laser light illuminates a pixel region  12   a , where the applied ink amount exceeds the target ink amount, to thereby decompose the excess amount of coloring component. In this case, the main controller  31  also functions as a laser light illumination controlling means to illuminate a desired pixel region  12   a  with laser light by the movement of the prism  81 . Further, the main controller  31  functions as a decomposition amount controlling means to control the output of the excimer laser light and the number of illuminating pulses according to the excess amount and to decompose the required amount of the coloring component. 
     Furthermore, if the series of steps (that is, the coating step) are completed, a heating treatment, etc., is carried out to fix the coated ink liquid. Thereafter, the filter substrate  2 ′ is transported to the following step. 
     After the fixation of ink liquid is made by heating step, the liquid material decomposition process may be performed by the excimer laser light. 
     As described above, in the manufacturing apparatus  1 , the applied ink amount is detected for each pixel region  12   a  and it is determined whether the decomposition nor supplementation of ink should be performed, or neither the supplementation nor decomposition need to be performed according to the excess or short amount of applied ink obtained from the difference between the applied ink amount and the target ink amount. In case of supplementation, the driving pulses set according to the short amount of ink drops are supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 . On the other hand in case of decomposition, the corresponding pixel region  12   a  is illuminated with the excimer laser light, and the output of the excimer laser light or the illuminating pulse number are controlled according to the excess amount at the same time in order to decompose the required amount of coloring component. 
     As a result, it is possible to manufacture a high quality of color filters  2  in which every pixel region  12   a  has a designed value of ink density. 
       FIG. 24  is a cross-sectional view of parts illustrating a schematic configuration of a passive matrix type liquid crystal device (simply referred to as a liquid crystal device) as an example of the liquid crystal device using a color filter  2  manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention. A transmissive liquid crystal display device can be obtained as an end product by mounting additional parts such as liquid crystal driving IC, back light or supporter to the liquid crystal device  85 . Furthermore, the color filter  2  is identical to that shown in  FIG. 20 . Thus, the same reference numerals are given to the corresponding parts, and the description thereof will be omitted. 
     The liquid crystal device  85  is generally configured with the color filter  2 , a counter substrate  86  made of a glass substrate, etc., a liquid crystal layer  87  made of super twisted nematic (STN) liquid crystal composition sandwiched between the color filter  2  and the counter substrate  86 . The color filter  2  is arranged at the upper side in the drawing (the observer&#39;s side). 
     Further, although not shown in the drawings, and polarizing plates are respectively arranged at the external surfaces of the counter substrate  86  and the color filter  2  (surfaces opposite to the liquid crystal layer  87 ). 
     On the protective film  77  of the color filter  2  (liquid crystal layer side), a plurality of first electrodes  88  are arranged at a predetermined interval in a stripe shape extending lengthwise in the left/right direction in  FIG. 24 . A first oriented film  90  is formed to cover the surfaces of the first electrodes  88  opposite to the color filter  2 . 
     On the other hand, on the surface of the counter substrate  86  facing the color filter  2 , a plurality of second electrodes  89  are arranged at a predetermined interval in a stripe shape extending lengthwise in the direction perpendicular to the first electrodes  88  of the color filter  2 . A second oriented film  91  is formed to cover the surfaces of the second electrodes  89  facing the liquid crystal layer  87 . The first and second electrodes  88 ,  89  are made of transparent conductive material such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). 
     Spacers  92  provided in the liquid crystal layer  87  are members to keep the thickness (cell gap) of the liquid crystal layer  87  constant. Further, a sealing material  93  is a member to prevent the liquid crystal composition of the liquid crystal layer  87  from leaking out. Furthermore, ends of the first electrodes  88  are extended to the external side of the sealing material  93  as wiring lines  88   a.    
     Also, portions where the first electrodes  88  intersect the second electrodes  89  serve as pixels. It is configured that the colored layers  76 R,  76 G,  76 B of color filter  2  are positioned at the portions as pixels. 
       FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional view of parts illustrating a schematic configuration of a second example of a liquid crystal device using the color filter  2  manufactured in the present embodiment. 
     A principle difference between the liquid crystal device  85 ′ and the liquid crystal device  85  is in the arrangement of a color filter  2  at the lower part in the drawing (the side opposite to the observer&#39;s side). 
     The liquid crystal device  85 ′ is generally configured with a liquid crystal layer  87 ′ made of STN liquid crystal sandwiched between the color filter  2  and a counter substrate  86 ′ made of a glass substrate. Further, although not shown in the drawings, polarizing plates are respectively arranged at the external surfaces of the counter substrate  86 ′ and the color filter  2 . 
     On the protective film  77  of the color filter  2  (to the side of the liquid crystal layer  87 ′), a plurality of first electrodes  88 ′ are arranged at a predetermined interval in a stripe shape extending lengthwise in the direction of depth in the drawing. A first oriented film  90 ′ is formed to cover the surfaces (the side of the liquid crystal layer  87 ′) of the first electrodes  88 ′ opposite to the color filter  2 . 
     On the surface of the counter substrate  86 ′ facing the color filter  2 , a plurality of second electrodes  89 ′ are arranged at a predetermined interval in a stripe shape extending lengthwise in the direction perpendicular to the first electrodes  88 ′. A second oriented film  91 ′ is formed to cover the surfaces of the second electrodes  89 ′ facing the liquid crystal layer  87 ′. 
     The liquid crystal layer  87  is provided with spacer  92 ′ to keep the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  87 ′ constant and a sealing material  93 ′ to prevent the liquid crystal composition in the liquid crystal layer  87 ′ from leaking out. 
     Also, similar to the above mentioned liquid crystal device  85 , portions where the first electrodes  88 ′ intersect the second electrodes  89 ′ serves as pixels. It is configured that the colored layers  76 R,  76 G,  76 B of color filter  2  are positioned at the portions as the pixels. 
       FIG. 26  is an exploded perspective view illustrating a schematic configuration of a transmissive thin film transistor (TFT) type liquid crystal device, which is a third example in which a liquid crystal device is configured using a color filter  2  to which the present invention is applied. 
     In the liquid crystal device  85 ″ a color filter  2  is arranged at the upper part in the drawing (the observer&#39;s side). 
     The liquid crystal device  85 ″ is generally configured with a color filter  2 , a counter substrate  86 ″ arranged opposite to the color filter  2 , a liquid crystal layer (not shown) sandwiched between the color filter  2  and the counter substrate  86 ″, a polarizing plate  96  arranged at the top surface of the color filter  2  (observer&#39;s side) and another polarizing plate (not shown) arranged at the bottom surface of the counter substrate  86 ″. 
     On the protective film  77  of the color filter  2  (to the side of the counter substrate  86 ″), liquid crystal driving electrode  97  is formed. The electrode  97  made of transparent conductive material such as ITO is formed into a whole surface electrode to cover all the regions where the pixel electrodes  100  are formed, which will be described later. Further, an oriented film  98  is formed in such a manner to cover the surface of the electrode  97  opposite to the pixel electrodes  100 . 
     An insulating layer  99  is formed on the surface of the counter substrate  86 ″ facing the color filter  2 , and these scanning lines  101  and signal lines  102  are formed on the insulating layer  99  in such a manner to intersect each other. And, the pixel electrodes  100  are formed in the region surrounded by these scanning lines  101  and signal lines  102 . Furthermore, in an actual liquid crystal device, the oriented film is provided on the pixel electrodes  100 , but the illustration thereof is omitted. 
     Further, thin film transistors  103  each having a source electrode, a drain electrode, a semiconductor and a gate electrode are assembled formed at the corresponding portions surrounded by the scanning lines  101 , the signal lines  102  and cut-out portions of pixel electrodes  100 . Furthermore, it is configured that the thin film transistor  103  is turned on/off by the application of signals to the scanning lines  101  and the signal lines  102 , thereby allowing the application of electrical current to the pixel electrodes  100  to be controlled. 
     Furthermore, although the liquid crystal devices  85 ,  85 ′,  85 ″ in the above respective examples are constructed as transmissive ones, a reflective layer or a transflective layer can be provided to construct the liquid crystal device as a reflective or transflective one. 
     Next, a description will be made of a second embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 27  is a cross-sectional view of parts illustrating a display region of an organic EL display device (hereinafter, simply referred to as a display device  106 ), a type of a display in the present invention. 
     The display device  106  is generally configured with a circuit element part  107 , a light-emitting element part  108  and a cathode  109  laminated on a substrate  110 . 
     In the display device  106 , the light emitted from the light-emitting element part  108  to the substrate  110  is transmitted through the circuit element part  107  and the substrate  110  and emitted to the observer&#39;s side. On the other hand, the light emitted to the side opposite to the substrate  110  from the light-emitting element part  108  is reflected by the cathode  109 , transmitted through the circuit element part  107  and the substrate  110  and emitted to the observer&#39;s side. 
     A base protective film  111  of a silicon oxide film is formed between the circuit element part  107  and the substrate  110 , and an island shape of semiconductor films  112 , made of polycrystalline silicon, is formed on the base protective film  111  (to the side of light-emitting element part  108 ). At the left and right regions of each of the semiconductor film  112 , a source region  112   a  and a drain region  112   b  are formed by implantation of a high concentration of positive ions. Also, the central part into which positive ions are not implanted becomes a channel region  112   c.    
     Further, a transparent gate insulating film  118  is formed in the circuit element part  107  so as to cover the base protective film  111  and the semiconductor films  112 . A gate electrode  114  made of, for example, Al, Mo, Ta, Ti, W etc., is formed at a region corresponding to the channel region  112   c  of the semiconductor film  112  of the gate insulating film  113 . A first and second transparent interlayer insulating films  115   a ,  115   b  are formed on the gate electrode  114  and the gate insulating film  113 . Further, contact holes  116   a ,  116   b  respectively communicated with the source and drain regions  112   a ,  112   b  of the semiconductor film  112  through the first and second transparent interlayer insulating films  115   a ,  115   b.    
     Also, transparent pixel electrodes  117  made of ITO, etc., are patterned in a predetermined shape on the second interlayer insulating film  115   b , and the pixel electrodes  117  are connected to the source regions  112   a  through the contract hole  116   a.    
     Further, power source lines  118  are provided on the first interlayer insulating film  115   a  and connected to the drain regions  112   b  through the contact holes  116   b.    
     Similarly, thin film transistors  119  for driving connected to each pixel electrode  117  are formed on the circuit element part  107 . 
     The light-emitting element part  108  is generally configured with a plurality of functional layers  120  respectively laminated on the pixel electrodes  117 , and bank parts  121  each formed between the pixel electrode  117  and the functional layer  120  for partitioning the functional layers  120 , respectively. 
     A light-emitting element is constructed with the pixel electrode  117 , the functional layer  120  and the cathode  109  provided on the functional layer  120 . Furthermore, the pixel electrodes  117  are patterned and formed in a substantially rectangular shape (as seen from a plane), and each bank part  121  is formed between two pixel electrodes  117 . 
     For example, the bank part  121  is constructed with an inorganic bank layer  121   a  (a first bank layer) made of, for example, an inorganic material such as SiO, SiO 2  or TiO 2 , and an organic bank layer  121   b  (a second bank layer) having a trapezoidal cross-section made of a resist having an excellent heat resistance and anti-solvent property such as acryl resin or polyamide resin, and laminated on the inorganic bank layer  121   a . A part of the bank part  121  is formed in a state to ride on the circumferential edge of the pixel electrode  117 . 
     An opening  122  is formed between two bank parts  121  so as to be gradually enlarged upwardly of the pixel electrodes  117 . 
     The functional layer  120  includes a hole injection/transport layer  120   a  laminated on the pixel electrodes  117  in the opening  122  and a light-emitting layer  120   b  formed on the hole injection/transport layer  120   a . Moreover, another functional layer may be formed close to the light-emitting layer  120   b  for other functions. For example, it is possible to form an electron transport layer. 
     The hole injection/transport layer  120   a  has a function of transporting a hole from the pixel electrode  117  and injecting it into the light-emitting layer  120   b . The hole injection/transport layer  120   a  is formed by discharging the first composition (equivalent to a type of liquid material of the present invention) including the hole injection/transport layer forming material. For example, a mixture of poly-thiophene derivatives such as polyethylenedioxythiophene, and polystyrenesulfonic acid is used as the hole injection/transport layer forming material. 
     The light-emitting layers  120   b  emit light in any color of red (R), green (G) or blue (B) and they are formed by discharging a second composition (equivalent to a type of a liquid material of the present invention) including the light-emitting layer forming material (light-emitting material). For the light-emitting layer forming material, paraphenylenevinylene derivative, polyphenylene derivative, polyfluorene derivatives, polyvinylcarbazole, poly-thiophene derivative, perylene group pigment, coumarine group pigment, rhodamine group pigment, etc. can be used, or materials can be used in which rubrene, perylene, 9,10-diphenylanthracene, tetraphenylbutadiene, Nile red, coumarin  6 , or quinacridon is added to such high polymer materials. 
     Furthermore, it is preferable that the solvent of the second composition (non-polar solvent) is insoluble at the hole injection/transport layer  120   a . For example, cyclohexylbenzen, dihydrobenzofran, trimethylbenzene, tetra methyl benzene, etc. can be used. Such non-polar solvent is used for the second composition of the light-emitting layer  120   b , so that the light-emitting layer  120   b  can be formed without re-dissolution of the hole injection/transport layer  120   a.    
     Furthermore, the light-emitting layer  120   b  is configured such that a hole injected from the hole injection/transport layer  120   a  and an electron injected from the cathode  109  is recombined on the light-emitting layer to thereby emit light. 
     The cathode  109  is formed to cover the whole surface of the light-emitting element part  108  and it forms a pair along with the pixel electrode  117  to complete a role of flowing current from the pixel electrode  117  to the function layer  120 . Further, a sealing member (not shown) is arranged over the cathode  109 . 
     Next, a process for manufacturing a display device  106  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 28 to 36  according to the present embodiment. 
     The display device  106 , as shown in  FIG. 28 , is manufactured through a bank part formation step (S 21 ), a surface treatment step (S 22 ), a hole injection/transport layer formation step (S 23 ), a light-emitting layer formation step (S 24 ), and a counter electrode formation step (S 25 ). Furthermore, the manufacturing process is not limited to the abovementioned process, but other steps can be omitted or added to the above steps, if necessary. 
     First, in the bank part formation step (S 21 ), as shown in  FIG. 29 , an inorganic bank layer  121   a  is formed on the second interlayer insulating film  115   b . An inorganic layer is formed and then patterned through a photolithographic technique, thereby forming each inorganic bank layer  121   a . A part of the inorganic bank layer  121   a  is formed in such a manner to be superposed on the circumferential edge of the pixel electrode  117 . 
     After the formation of the inorganic bank layer  121   a , as shown in  FIG. 30 , an organic bank layer  121   b  is formed on the inorganic bank layer  12   a . The organic bank layer  121   b  is also patterned and formed through the photolithographic technique similar to the inorganic bank layer  121   a.    
     The bank part  121  is formed as described above. An opening  122 , which opens upwardly of the pixel electrodes  117 , is formed between bank parts  121 . The opening  122  defines a pixel region (equivalent to a type of a liquid material region of the present invention). 
     In the surface treatment step (S 22 ), a lyophilic treatment and lyophobic treatment are carried out. An area for the lyophilic treatment is a first lamination part  121   a  of the inorganic bank layer  121   a  and an electrode surface  117   a  of the pixel electrode  117 , to which a surface treatment is performed for lyophilic property by a plasma treatment in which oxygen is used as treatment gas. The plasma treatment also functions to clean ITO, i.e., the pixel electrode  117 . 
     Furthermore, a lyophobic treatment is performed to the wall surface  121   s  of the organic bank layer  121   b  and the top surface  121   t  of the organic bank layer  121   b . For example, 4 methane fluoride is used as treatment gas for a plasma treatment to make the surfaces fluorinated (lyophobic). 
     If the surface treatment step is performed to form the functional layer  120  by using the injection  7 , the liquid material can be securely applied to the pixel region and the liquid material applied to the pixel region can be prevented from overflowing from the opening  122 . 
     A display device substrate  106 ′ (equivalent to a type of a display substrate of the present invention) can be obtained through the above steps. The display device substrate  106 ′ is placed on the placing base  3  of the display manufacturing apparatus  1  shown in  FIG. 1(   a ) to undergo the following hole injection/transport layer formation step (S 23 ) and the light-emitting layer formation step (S 24 ). 
     In the hole injection/transport layer formation step (S 23 ), the first composition including the hole injection/transport layer forming material is discharged from the injection head  7  to the pixel regions, i.e., the openings  122 . Thereafter, the drying and heating treatments are performed to form the hole injection/transport layers  120   a  on the pixel electrodes  117 . 
     Similar to the colored layer formation step, the hole injection/transport layer formation step, as shown in  FIG. 21  is performed by undergoing the liquid material discharge step (S 11 ), the hitting (applied) amount detection step (S 12 ), the correction amount acquiring step (S 13 ) and the liquid material supplementation step (S 14 ) in sequence. Furthermore, since a detailed description about the respective steps of S 11  to S 14  is made in the above first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted. 
     As shown in  FIG. 31 , in the liquid material discharge step (S 11 ), the first composition including the hole injection/transport layer forming material is implanted into the pixel regions (that is, the openings  22 ) of the display device substrate  106 ′ as a predetermined amount of liquid drops. In this case, since the waveform of driving pulses is also set as described above, the discharge amount or flying speed of a liquid drop can be optimized to apply a predetermined amount of the first composition into the pixel regions. 
     After the first composition is applied into all the pixel regions, in the hitting amount detection step (S 12 ), the first composition amount (equivalent to a type of liquid material amount of the present invention) applied in the liquid material discharge step is detected at every pixel region by the liquid material sensor  17  as the liquid material amount detecting means. In other words, each pixel region is irradiated with laser light LB, and the light emitted from the pixel regions is received by the laser-light receiving element  19 . Thus, the applied amount of the first composition is determined in accordance with the quantity of received light (the intensity of received light). After the amount of the first composition applied to all the pixel regions is detected, the flow proceeds to the following step. 
     In the correction amount acquisition step (S 13 ), the applied amount of the first composition for each pixel region detected in the hitting amount detection step is compared with the target amount (a type of target liquid material amount in the present invention) of the first composition to the corresponding pixel region, thereby acquiring the difference therebetween as the correction amount. 
     In the liquid material supplementation step (S 14 ), the injection head  7  is positioned on a pixel region, i.e., the opening  122 , where the applied amount of the first composition is less than its target amount, to supply the waveform of driving pulses according to the shortage to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 , thereby supplementing the first composition to the pixel region. Furthermore, when the first composition is completely supplemented to all the pixel regions to be supplemented, this step is completed. 
     Then, a drying step is performed to dry the first composition after discharge and vaporize the polar solvent contained in the first composition. As shown in  FIG. 32 , the hole injection/transport layers  120   a  are formed on the electrode surfaces  117   a  of the pixel electrodes  117 . 
     As described above, the hole injection/transport layer  120   a  is formed at every pixel region, thereby completing the hole injection/transport layer formation step. 
     Next, a description will be made of the light-emitting layer formation step (S 24 ). As described above, in the light-emitting layer formation step (S 24 ), in order to prevent re-dissolution of the hole injection/transport layers  120   a , a non-polar solvent insoluble to the hole injection/transport layers  120   a  is used as the solvent of the second composition which will be used for the formation of the light-emitting layers. 
     However, since the hole injection/transport layers  120   a  have a lower affinity to the non-polar solvent, the hole injection/transport layers  120   a  may not be brought into close contact with the light-emitting layers  120   b , respectively, and the light-emitting layers  120   b  may not be uniformly coated even after the second composition containing the non-polar solvent is discharged onto the hole injection/transport layers  120   a.    
     Therefore, in order to improve the affinity of the surfaces of the hole injection/transport layers  120   a  to the non-polar solvent and the light-emitting layer forming material, it is preferable that a surface treatment is performed before the formation of the light-emitting layers. The surface treatment is to coat the hole injection/transport layers  120   a  with a surface improving material, which is a solvent identical or similar to the non-polar solvent of the second composition used for the formation of the light-emitting layers and dry it. 
     Such treatment develops an affinity of the surface of the hole injection/transport layer  120   a  to the non-polar solvent, so that the second composition containing the light-emitting layer forming material can be uniformly coated in the following steps. 
     Then, the light-emitting layers  120   b  are formed in the light-emitting layer formation step by undergoing the liquid material discharge step (S  11 ), the hitting amount detection step (S 12 ), the correction amount acquiring step (S 13 ) and the liquid material supplementation step (S 14 ), which are shown in  FIG. 21 . 
     In the liquid material discharge step (S 11 ), the second composition containing the light-emitting layer forming material corresponding to any of colors (blue (B) in the embodiment of  FIG. 33 ) is implanted into the pixel regions (i.e., openings  22 ) as a predetermined amount of liquid drops as shown in  FIG. 33 . At this time, as described above, the waveform of driving pulses is set to optimize the discharge amount or flying speed of a liquid drop and to apply a predetermined amount of the second composition to the hole injection/transport layers  120   a.    
     The second composition implanted into the pixel region is spread on the hole injection/transport layers  120   a  to fill up the openings  122 . Furthermore, if the second composition is applied to the surface  121   t  of the bank part  121  apart from the pixel region, the surface  12   t  subjected to a lyophobic treatment, as described above, makes the second composition easily roll into the openings  122 . 
     If the second composition is applied into the corresponding pixel region, the second composition applied in the liquid material discharge step is detected by the liquid material sensor  17  as liquid material amount detecting means at each pixel region in the hitting amount detection step (S 12 ). In other words, each pixel region is irradiated with laser light Lb to and the light emitted from the pixel regions is received by the laser-light receiving element  19 . Thus, the amount of the second composition applied to all the pixel regions is determined according to the quantity of received light (the intensity of received light). After the amount of the first composition applied to all the pixel regions is detected, the flow proceeds to the following step. 
     In the correction amount acquisition step (S 13 ), the applied amount of the second composition for each pixel region detected in the hitting amount detection step is compared with the target amount of the second composition to the pixel region, thereby acquiring the difference therebetween as the correction amount. 
     In the liquid material supplementation step (S 14 ), the injection head  7  is positioned on a pixel region, i.e., the opening  122 , where the applied amount of the second composition is less than its target amount, to supply the waveform of driving pulses according to the shortage to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 , thereby supplementing the second composition to the pixel region. Furthermore, when the second composition is completely supplemented to all the pixel regions to be supplemented, this step is completed. 
     Thereafter, a drying step is performed to dry the second composition after discharge and vaporize the non-polar solvent contained in the second composition. As shown in  FIG. 34 , the light-emitting layer  120   b  is formed on the hole injection/transport layers  120   a . In this case, the light-emitting layer  120   b  corresponding to blue (B) is formed in the drawing. 
     As shown in  FIG. 35 , light-emitting layers  120   bs  are formed to correspond to other colors (red (R) and green (G)) by sequentially performing steps similar to those for the formation of the light-emitting layer  120   b  corresponding to blue (B) described above. The sequence of forming the light-emitting layer  120   b  is not limited to the illustrated one, any other sequential step may be performed to form the light-emitting layer. For example, the sequential steps may be different according to the light-emitting layer forming material. 
     If the light-emitting layer  120   b  is formed at each pixel region, the light-emitting layer formation step is completed. 
     As described above, the function layers  120 , i.e., the hole injection/transport layers  120   a  and the light-emitting layers  120   b  are formed on the pixel electrodes  117 . Then, the flow proceeds to a counter electrode formation step (S 25 ). 
     In the counter electrode formation step (S 25 ), as shown in  FIG. 36 , a cathode  109  (counter electrode) is formed on all the surfaces of the light-emitting layers  120   b  and the organic bank layers  121   b  by a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method or a CVD method. The cathode  109  is constructed by the lamination of calcium and aluminum layers, for example, in the present embodiment. 
     On the top of the cathode layer  109 , an A 1  film, an Ag layer or a protective layer of Sio 2 , SiN, etc., for anti-oxidation is appropriately provided. 
     After the cathode  109  is formed as described above, a display device  106  is obtained by other treatments such as a sealing or wiring treatment in which the top of the cathode  109  is sealed with a sealing member. 
     Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.  FIG. 37  is an exploded, perspective view of parts illustrating a plasma type display device (hereinafter, simply referred to as a display device  125 ), a type of a display in the present invention. Furthermore, the display device  125  is shown in the drawing with a part thereof being cut away. 
     The display device  125  is generally configured with first and second substrates  126 ,  127  arranged to face each other and an electric discharge display part  128  to be formed between the two substrates. The electric discharge display part  128  is configured with a plurality of electric discharge chambers  129 . Among the plurality of electric discharge chambers  129 , three electric discharge chambers  129  of a red electric discharge chamber ( 129 R), a green electric discharge chamber ( 129 G) and a blue electric discharge chamber ( 129 B) are taken into a group to be configured into one pixel. 
     Address electrodes  130  are formed at a predetermined interval in a stripe shape on the top surface of the first substrate  126 . A dielectric layer  131  is formed to cover the top surfaces of the address electrodes  130  and the first substrate  126 . On the dielectric layer  131 , partition walls  132  are erected such that they are respectively positioned between the address electrodes  130  and extend along the respective address electrodes  130 . The partition wall  132 , as shown in the drawing, includes one extended to both sides of the width of the address electrodes  130  and the other one extended perpendicular to the address electrodes  130 . Furthermore, regions partitioned by the partition wall  132  become discharge chambers  129 . 
     A fluorescent body  133  is arranged in the discharge chamber  129 . The fluorescent body  133  emits fluorescence of any one of red (R), green (G) and blue (B) colors, thereby making an arrangement of a red fluorescent body  133 (R) at the bottom of the red discharge chamber  129 (R), a green fluorescent body  133 (G) at the bottom of the green discharge chamber  129 (G) and a blue fluorescent body  133 (B) at the bottom of the blue discharge chamber  129 (B). 
     At the lower surface of the second substrate  127  in the drawing, a plurality of display electrodes  135  are formed in a stripe shape at a predetermined interval in the direction perpendicular to the address electrodes  130 . Also, a dielectric layer  136  and a protective film  137  made of MgO, etc., are bonded to cover the display electrodes  135 . 
     The first and second substrates  126 ,  127  are combined to face the address electrodes  130  and the display electrodes  135  in the perpendicular arrangement. Moreover, the address electrodes  130  and the display electrodes  135  are connected to an alternating current power source not shown. 
     Also, the application of electric current to the respective electrodes  130 ,  135  causes the florescent bodies  133  to be excited to emit light in the electric discharge display part  128 , thereby allowing a color display. 
     In the present embodiment, the address electrodes  130 , display electrodes  135 , and fluorescent bodies  133  can be manufactured on the basis of the manufacturing method shown in  FIG. 21 , which is used for a manufacturing apparatus  1  shown in  FIG. 1(   a ). Hereinafter, a description will be made of a process for forming the address electrodes  130  of the first substrate  126 . 
     At this time, the first substrate  126  is equivalent to a type of a display substrate in the present invention. The following steps will be performed with the first substrate  126  positioned on the placing base  3 . 
     First, in the liquid material discharge step (S 11 ), a liquid material containing a conductive film wiring forming material (equivalent to a type of liquid material of the present invention) is applied as the liquid drops to an address electrode forming region (equivalent to a type of a liquid material region of the present invention). The liquid material is a conductive film wiring forming material, being made by dispersing a conductive fine particle such as a metal in a dispersion medium. Metallic fine particles containing gold, silver, copper palladium or nickel or conductive polymer is used for the conductive fine particles. 
     In this case, a waveform of driving pulses is also set as described above, so that the discharge amount and flying speed of the liquid drop can be optimized to apply a predetermined amount of liquid material to the address electrode forming regions. 
     If the liquid material is applied to the address electrode forming regions of the first substrate  126 , the amount of liquid material (a type of liquid material amount in the present invention) applied in the liquid material discharge step is detected at each address electrode forming region by the liquid material sensor  17  as the liquid material amount detecting means in the hitting amount detection step (S 12 ). In other words, each address electrode forming region is irradiated with laser light Lb and the light irradiated from the address electrode forming region is received by the laser-light receiving element  19 . Thus, the applied amount (hitting liquid material amount) of the liquid material is determined according to the quantity of received light (the intensity of received light). After the applied amount of the liquid material is detected, the flow proceeds to the following step. 
     In the correction amount acquisition step (S 13 ), the applied amount of the liquid material for each address electrode forming region detected in the hitting amount detection step is compared with the target amount (a type of target liquid material amount in the present invention) of liquid material to the address electrode forming regions, thereby acquiring the difference therebetween as the correction amount. 
     In the liquid material supplementation step (S 14 ), the injection head  7  is positioned at an address electrode forming region where the applied amount of liquid material is less than its target amount, to supply the waveform of driving pulses according to the shortage to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 , thereby supplementing the liquid material to the address electrode forming region. Furthermore, when the liquid material is completely supplemented to all the address electrode forming regions to be supplemented, this step is completed. 
     Then, a drying step is performed to dry the liquid material after discharge and to vaporize the dispersion medium contained in the liquid material, thereby forming the address electrode  130 . 
     However, although the formation of the address electrodes  130  is illustrated in the above description, the display electrodes  135  and the fluorescent bodies  133  can also be formed by undergoing the above steps. 
     In the case of the display electrodes  135 , similar to the case of the address electrodes  130 , the liquid material containing conductive film wiring forming material (equivalent to a type of liquid material in the present invention) is applied to the display electrode forming regions (equivalent to a type of the liquid material region in the present invention) as liquid drops. 
     In the case of the formation of the fluorescent bodies  133 , liquid material containing a fluorescent material corresponding to each of the colors (R, G and B) is discharged by the injection head  7  as liquid drops, and applied into the electric discharge chamber  129  (equivalent to a type of the liquid material region in the present invention) of the corresponding color. 
     As described above, in the manufacturing apparatus  1 , the applied amount of liquid material is detected at each liquid material region, and the waveform of driving pulses is set according to the shortage of liquid material obtained from a difference between the applied amount and the target amount of liquid material. Then, the set driving pulses are supplied to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 , so that the shortage of liquid material is applied to the liquid material region. As a result, it is possible to supplement the optimum amount of liquid material to each liquid material region without using the exclusive nozzles or injection head  7 . 
     Further, the flying speed of liquid drops can be controlled in addition to the amount of liquid drops, so as to realize a precise control of the hitting (application) position. In other words, liquid drops can be precisely implanted into a desired liquid material region by scanning the injection head  7 . This allows the period of manufacturing time to be shortened. 
     Furthermore, in the manufacturing apparatus  1 , it is possible to greatly change the single amount and flying speed of one drop of liquid material, so that a variety of displays can be manufactured with different sizes of one liquid material region. In other words, if the size of the liquid material region is different, the amount of liquid material to be needed is different. In the manufacturing apparatus  1 , it is possible to control the discharge amount of liquid drops by the type or supply number of driving pulses. If a change is made in the waveform shape of driving pulses, a change can be made in the amount or flying speed of the one drop of liquid material with extremely high precision. Accordingly, it is possible to utilize the manufacturing apparatus  1  as a general purpose manufacturing apparatus, which makes it possible to manufacture a plurality of different types of displays by the same injection head  7  without using the exclusive nozzles or injection head. 
     Furthermore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above, a variety of changes can be made on the basis of the following claims. 
     First, the liquid material amount detecting means of the present invention is not limited to the reflective liquid material sensor  17  described in the above embodiments. 
     For example, the liquid material amount detecting means may be constructed with a transmissive liquid material sensor  17 ′. In this transmissive liquid material sensor  17 ′ laser light Lb is irradiated from one surface of the display substrate, and the intensity (the quantity of light) of the laser light Lb transmitted through the other surface of the display substrate opposite to the irradiated side is detected by the laser-light receiving element  19 . Similar to the above embodiments, the amount of applied liquid material can be detected at each pixel region  12   a  even in this configuration. 
     In the above configuration, as shown in  FIG. 38 , the laser-light emitting element  18  and the laser-light receiving element  19  may be arranged to sandwich the display substrate (filter substrate  2 ′ in  FIG. 38 ) therebetween so as to simultaneously scan the laser-light emitting element  18  and the laser-light receiving element  19 . Further, it may be configured that the laser light Lb is appropriately reflected by a prism, etc., the laser light Lb emitted from the laser-light emitting element  18  may irradiate the pixel region  12   a , and the laser light Lb transmitted through the pixel region  12   a  may be guided (entered) into the laser-light receiving element  19 . 
     Also, as shown in  FIG. 39 , the liquid material amount detecting means may be constructed with a CCD array  140 . In this configuration, the placing surface  3   a  of the placing base  3  is constructed with, for example, a surface light-emitting body to emit light with the uniform quantity of light. Also, the CCD array  140  is provided at the surface of the guide bar  4  facing the placing base  3 , and the amount of ink applied is detected by receiving the light transmitted through the pixel regions  12   a . Furthermore, in this configuration, it is preferable that the resolution of the CCD array  140  is higher (finer) than the size of the pixel regions  12   a  from a viewpoint of the improvement of detection precision. 
     In the above configuration, since the amount of applied liquid material can be detected by a plurality of liquid material regions (in this case, pixel region  12   a ), it is possible to shorten a period of time for detection and to improve the working efficiency. 
     Further, the liquid material to be discharged as liquid drops is not limited to that with transmissivity. In this case, the amount of applied liquid material can be measured by detecting the surface height of liquid material. Therefore, a liquid surface detecting sensor may be constructed to detect the height of the liquid surface of the injected ink liquid as liquid material amount detecting means. 
     Further, although there has been illustrated a case in which liquid material is discharged to a narrow range of a liquid material region (for example, a pixel region  12   a ), the present invention is also applicable to a case in which liquid material is discharged to a large range of liquid material region (coating of the whole surface of a substrate), for example, as in the case of forming the protective film  77  shown in  FIG. 20 . 
     Further, although the above third embodiment illustrates the construction in which the electrodes  130 ,  135  are formed in the plasma type display device, the present invention is not limited to such construction, but it is also applicable to the metal wiring of the electrodes of other circuit substrates. 
     Further, the electromechanical conversion element is not limited to the piezoelectric vibrators  21 , but it may be constructed with magnetostrictive element or electrostatic actuator.