Patent Publication Number: US-2023150078-A1

Title: Processing apparatus for optical workpieces as well as use of a double gripper

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates to a processing apparatus for processing, in particular shape cutting or machining, optical workpieces, in particular lenses or eyeglass lenses, as well as to a use of or method of using a double gripper for changing optical workpieces for processing in a processing apparatus. 
     Optical workpieces, in particular lenses or eyeglass lenses, are processed, preferably machined, in particular by milling and/or (lathe) turning, on the flat side for shaping. 
     German Patent Appliction DE 10 2015 102 900 A1 and corresponding U.S. Pat. Application US 2016/250690 A1 disclose a manufacturing device for eyeglass lenses with a milling device and a turning device as well as a changing device. The turning device has two turning stations, which each comprise a workpiece spindle and an associated fast tool drive with a turning tool. The workpiece spindles are movable transversely to the turning tools and in the direction of the turning tools by means of a cross slide. The milling device also has a workpiece spindle on a cross slide and two associated milling drives. The workpiece spindles are parallel to each other and aligned in the same direction. By means of the changing device, a lens blank can be removed from the milling device after milling and transferred to the turning device. The changing device comprises two gripping devices, each of which has two suckers pointing away from each other by 90°, the gripping members being jointly linearly movable and jointly pivotable about an axis of rotation. To change the lens blanks, the workpiece spindles must each be moved into a loading position between the milling device and the turning device, and the changing device must also be moved linearly between the two devices over a relatively long distance transverse to the spindle axes from the milling device to the turning device and vice versa. 
     German Patent Application DE 10 2006 050 425 A1 discloses an apparatus for milling and turning lenses with a milling station and a turning station as well as a changing device. The milling station has a workpiece spindle arranged on a cross slide and an associated milling drive with a milling tool. The turning station has a workpiece spindle arranged on a cross slide and an associated fast tool drive with a turning tool. The two workpiece spindles are aligned parallel to each other and in the same direction, and are movable selectively to a loading position between the two stations. The changing device is used for loading and unloading with the lenses in the loading position. To change the lenses, the workpiece spindles must be moved alternately into the loading position. The changing device has a swivel arm with a gripping member arranged at its free end, which member has two suckers pointing away from each other and can be swiveled about a further swivel axis running obliquely to the spindle axis and perpendicular to the swivel axis of the swivel arm. For changing the respective lens on a workpiece spindle, the swivel arm is movable linearly and the gripping member is swivelable. 
     German Patent Application DE 43 10 038 A1 discloses a lathe with two opposing workpiece spindles, each of which can be moved in the direction of the spindle axis and transversely thereto. A workpiece is transferred from one workpiece spindle to the other without the aid of a changing device simply by the infeed motion of the spindles. After a first workpiece side has been machined by the first workpiece spindle, a second workpiece side is machined in this way by the second workpiece spindle. Sequential processing of the same workpiece surface by the two workpiece spindles is not possible. 
     German Patent Application DE 10 2007 045 591 A1 discloses a processing machine for processing workpieces, in particular for milling and/or turning bar-shaped workpieces, with two workpiece spindles that are movable in two spatial directions. For double-sided machining, a direct transfer can take place between the two workpiece spindles. Sequential processing of the same workpiece surface by the two workpiece spindles is not possible. 
     SUMMARY 
     It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a processing apparatus and a use of a double gripper, which enable processing, in particular machining, of optical workpieces, in particular lenses or eyeglass lenses, with high throughput, high precision and/or short changeover times and/or which enable a simple and/or compact design/structure. 
     The above object is solved by a processing apparatus or by a use of or method of using a double gripper as disclosed herein. 
     Preferably, the processing apparatus has a milling station with a first workpiece spindle and/or a turning station with a second workpiece spindle and preferably a changing device for changing the workpieces or lenses to be processed. 
     According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, the workpiece spindles or their chucks preferably face each other and/or the changing device is arranged therebetween. This enables an optimized arrangement of the changing device, in particular so that a particularly fast change of the workpieces or lenses between the milling station and turning station is made possible by swiveling the changing device. 
     Preferably, the changing device is constructed and/or arranged in such a way that the workpiece is or can be transferred to the respective workpiece spindles with the same, in particular a blocked, side, and/or that processing of the same side and/or the same surface can be carried out by means of the milling station and the turning station. 
     According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, which can also be implemented independently, the turning station and the milling station preferably each have only a maximum of two stacked axes of motion. This is conducive to a simple structure and/or high precision during processing. 
     “Stacked axes of motion” or “stacked movement axes” are preferably axes which are stacked on top of each other and/or coupled with each other and/or axes of a single moving part of the station or device, in particular the axes of motion of the workpiece spindle and/or the tool. Preferably, two axes of motion are “stacked” and/or “coupled” when one of the axes of motion is displaced when moving along the other axis of motion. 
     In other words, preferably, the workpiece spindle of a station can only move in a maximum of two directions and/or along a maximum of two axes, and the tool can likewise only move in a maximum of two directions and/or along a maximum of two axes. 
     In total, the respective station may have more than two axes of motion, for example four axes of motion, in which case preferably the workpiece spindle has two stacked axes of motion and the tool also has two stacked axes of motion, so that the station then has a maximum of only two stacked axes of motion in total. In other words, the station does not have three or more stacked axes anywhere. 
     It is also possible for the station or individual parts thereof to have no stacked axes. For example, the tool spindle and/or tool could be movable in only one direction or have only one axis of motion. 
     Preferably, only axes for linear movements/motion are to be understood by the term “stacked axes of motion”. Thus, one or more rotary axes may be present in addition to the only maximal two stacked (linear) motion axes. 
     According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, which can also be implemented independently, the changing device preferably has a double gripper, which is rotatable about an in particular central turn axis and is movable linearly along this axis and/or –in particular by means of a cam mechanism – is designed for superimposed rotary and linear movement. This in turn is conducive to a simple design and/or a short changeover time and thus a high throughput. 
     Particularly preferably, the double gripper has two gripping members, in particular suckers, which point parallel to each other in the same direction. 
     Preferably, the milling station has a first carriage with a workpiece spindle and a second carriage with a milling drive, as well as a machine bed, wherein the machine bed supports/bears/mounts the first carriage on a first bearing surface and the second carriage on a second bearing surface. 
     According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, which can also be implemented independently, the two bearing surfaces of the (same) machine bed are inclined to each other by more than 45°, in particular by about 70° to 85°. Alternatively or additionally, the second bearing surface preferably extends parallel to the rotation axis of the milling drive. In particular, the carriage guide of the second carriage is fastened directly without intermediate elements to the second, preferably almost vertical, bearing surface of the machine bed. This enables a particularly stable and low-vibration structure with, in particular, a minimum number of stacked movement axes. This is conducive to a simple structure and/or high precision during processing. 
     Preferably, the turning station has a workpiece spindle and a first fast tool drive and is designed in particular for face turning. 
     According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, which can also be implemented independently, the turning station preferably has a second or additional fast tool drive which is structured differently from the first fast tool drive and/or which is provided for alternative and/or sequential processing of the same workpiece, in particular for processing the same side and/or same surface of the workpiece. This enables in particular two-stage turning processing (e.g. first coarser/faster, then finer/slower) of the same workpiece. This is conducive to high throughput and/or high precision during processing. 
     According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, which can also be implemented independently, the turning station preferably has a wedge adjustment for the fast tool drive or drives, in particular wherein the slope and/or steepest inclination of the wedge adjustment is transverse to the fast tool movement axis and/or spindle axis of the workpiece spindle. This is conducive to a simple and/or compact design and/or minimization of stacked movement axes. 
     According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, which can also be implemented independently, the fast tool drive preferably has two tools and/or tool holders for alternative and/or sequential processing of a workpiece, in particular for processing the same side and/or same surface of the workpiece, and/or preferably has a tool cooling system. This is again conducive to high throughput and/or high precision during processing. 
     A proposed use of a double gripper is that the double gripper is rotatable about a turn axis and linearly movable along this axis and is designed, in particular by means of a cam mechanism, for superimposed rotary and linear movement in order to change the workpieces for processing in a processing apparatus or processing station and/or between different processing stations of the processing apparatus, in particular for processing the same side and/or same surface of the workpiece. Alternatively or additionally, the double gripper preferably simultaneously transfers a workpiece still to be processed and a workpiece already processed to different devices, in particular by means of a linear movement. This enables in particular very short changeover times and/or fast movements, thus a high throughput, as well as a simple design. 
     Individual ones of the foregoing and subsequent aspects and features of the present disclosure may be combined with each other in any desired manner, but may also be implemented independently of each other. 
     Further aspects, features, advantages and characteristics of the present disclosure will be apparent from the claims and the following description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawing. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic top view of a proposed processing apparatus with a milling station, a turning station and a changing device; 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic side view of the processing apparatus; 
         FIG.  3    is a perspective view of the changing device with a double gripper; 
         FIG.  4    is a schematic side view of the turning station, 
         FIG.  5    is a front view of a fast tool drive of the turning station; and 
         FIG.  6    is a perspective rear view of a proposed milling tool of the milling station. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the figures, the same reference signs are used for the same components and parts, resulting in corresponding properties and advantages, even if a repeated description is omitted. 
       FIG.  1    shows a schematic top view of a processing apparatus  1  according to the proposal for processing, in particular for chipping/machining, optical workpieces, in particular lenses  2 . 
     Particularly preferably, the workpiece or lens  2  is a so-called spectacle lens, i.e. a lens  2  for spectacles. In the following, instead of the optical workpiece, sometimes only the lens  2  is referred to, even if it can optionally also be another optical workpiece, such as a mirror or the like. 
     The workpiece or lens  2  preferably consists of plastic, but may also consist of glass or the like. 
     The workpiece or lens  2  preferably has a diameter of several centimeters, in particular more than three centimeters. 
     During processing, shaping and/or machining is preferably performed – in particular exclusively – on an optical surface and/or flat side of the lens  2 , in particular for producing a so-called free-form surface, for example for a so-called prescription lens, thus for a spectacle lens individually adapted to a wearer. In particular, no edge processing takes place in the processing apparatus  1 , although this is also optionally possible. 
     Preferably, the lens  2  is processed in the blocked state. The lens  2  is thus preferably provided with a temporary holder, a so-called block piece  3 , as indicated in particular in  FIG.  3   , in order to be able to hold the lens  2  in particular in a defined and/or very simple manner during processing. 
     However, blockless processing or other holding during processing in the processing apparatus  1  is also possible in principle. 
     Preferably, the lens  2  is processed in the processing device  1  exclusively on one or the same (flat) side and/or (optical) surface, in particular the side/surface free of the block piece  3 . 
     The processing apparatus  1  preferably has a milling station  10 , a lathe / turning station  100 , a changing device  30 , a loading device  40 , a conveying device  50  and/or a transfer device  60 , as shown in  FIG.  1   . 
     The milling station  10  preferably has a workpiece spindle  11 , in particular with a (clamping) chuck  12 , for receiving the lens  2 , in particular for holding the lens  2  on its block piece side, and is used in particular for milling processing (milling) the lens  2 , i.e. processing/machining with a defined cutting edge, the cutting edge(s) of a milling tool  15  moving substantially faster than the lens  2 . 
     The turning station  100  preferably has a workpiece spindle  101 , in particular with a (clamping) chuck  102 , for receiving the lens  2 , in particular for holding the lens  2  on its block piece side, and is used in particular for turning processing (turning on a lathe) of the lens  2 , particularly preferably by face turning. Here, the cutting speed of the machining processing is determined in particular by the rotational speed of the lens  2 . 
     Preferably, the milling and turning operations are performed on the same (flat) side and/or (optical) surface of the lens  2 . 
     The changing device  30  preferably serves to change and/or transfer the lens  2  from the milling station  10  to the turning station  100 , in particular for (sequential) processing of the same side/surface of the lens  2  by means of the milling station  10  and the turning station  100 , to load the milling station  10  and/or turning station  100  with a lens  2  to be processed and/or to remove a processed lens  2  from the milling station  10  and/or turning station  100  and/or to hand over the lens to the optional loading device  40  and/or or to take over the lens  2  from the optional loading device  40  and/or to otherwise feed or discharge lenses  2 . 
     The processing apparatus  1  preferably has the conveying device  50  for feeding lenses  2  to be processed and/or conveying away processed lenses  2 . The conveying device  50  can optionally also only be assigned to the processing apparatus  1 , i.e. optionally not form part of the processing apparatus  1 . 
     The conveying device  50  is particularly preferably designed as a conveyor band or belt conveyor. 
     The lenses  2  to be processed are preferably fed or supplied on or in transport carriers  51 . Particularly preferably, the transport carriers  51  are designed as transport boxes and/or each serve to hold two lenses  2 . 
     Preferably, the transport carriers  51  are also used for conveying away processed lenses  2 . 
     The conveying device  50  is preferably arranged on one side, in particular a shorter side, of the processing apparatus  1 . 
     The conveying direction and/or main extension direction of the conveying device  50  preferably runs parallel to one side of the processing apparatus  1  and/or in an X-direction and/or horizontally. 
     The lenses  2  to be processed are preferably picked up individually by means of the loading device  40  from the conveying device  50  and/or a transport carrier  51  and transferred / handed over to the changing device  30 , particularly preferably with the optional transfer device  60  interposed. Alternatively, a transfer can also take place directly to a processing station, such as the milling station  10  or turning station  100 . 
     The loading device  40  can also be formed by the changing device  30  or vice versa or form part of the changing device  30 . Preferably, however, the loading device  40  is designed as a separate device from the changing device  30 . 
     The processing apparatus  1  and/or loading device  40  preferably has the transfer device  60 , which serves to hand over / transfer a lens  2  to the changing device  30  and/or to receive a lens  2  from the changing device  30 . 
     The transfer device  60  holds the lens  2  preferably on the block piece side and for this purpose has in particular a receiving chuck / pickup chuck  61 , as indicated in the schematic side view according to  FIG.  2   . 
     Alternatively or additionally, the transfer device  60  preferably serves for changing the grip, so that the lens  2  can be gripped or held from the non-blocked or free flat side during further handling. 
     In the illustrative example, the loading device  40  preferably has a manipulator  41  with at least one gripping member or sucker  42 , particularly preferably two gripping members or suckers  42 , as indicated in particular in the schematic side view according to  FIG.  2   . 
     Particularly preferably, the two gripping members or suckers  42  are held on the manipulator  41  at an angle to one another and/or pointing away from one another and are rotatable and/or tiltable in such a way that selectively one gripping member or sucker  42  points in the direction for picking up or handing over a lens  2  – here downwards and/or for picking up from or handing over to the conveying device  50  or transfer device  60 . 
     The loading device  40  and/or the manipulator  41  is preferably movable vertically in the direction of a Y-axis and horizontally in the direction of a Z-axis (transverse or perpendicular to the X-axis) and optionally also horizontally in the direction of the X-axis, which here runs perpendicular to the drawing plane of  FIG.  2   , in particular by means of corresponding slide guides / carriage guides  43 , telescopic cylinders or the like. 
     The loading device  40  and/or the manipulator  41  can hold the lens  2  from above and/or on the unblocked side with the gripping member / sucker  42  and transfer the lens  2  –preferably without changing its orientation – to the transfer device  60 , as indicated by dashed lines in  FIG.  2   . 
     If the transfer device  60  already holds a processed lens  2 , the transfer device  60  and/or the manipulator  41  can first pick up this processed lens  2  from the transfer device  60  with the unoccupied gripping member or sucker  42  and then transfer the still unprocessed lens  2  previously removed from the conveying device  50  or from a transport carrier  51  to the transfer device  60  by means of the other gripping member or sucker  42 . 
     For the transfer of the still unprocessed lens  2  to the changing device  30 , the transfer device  60  or its chuck  61  is preferably moved and/or tilted in such a way that the lens  2  is moved and/or tilted from the orientation with its flat side facing upwards and/or from its horizontal orientiation into a vertical orientation in which the central lens axis runs horizontally and/or, in particular, in the Z direction and/or in which the unblocked flat side preferably points to the left in the illustration according to  FIG.  2    and/or to the milling station  10  or the workpiece spindle  11  thereof. 
     The changing device  30  then takes over the lens  2  to be processed from the loading device  40  or transfer device  60 . For this purpose, the changing device  30  grasps the lens  2  in particular on its unblocked flat side and/or the side to be processed or, as the case may be, also on the circumferential side. The dashed line in  FIG.  1    shows how the changing device  30  takes the still unprocessed lens  2  from the transfer device  60 . 
     The changing device  30  then transfers the unprocessed lens  2  preferably first to the milling station  10  or its workpiece spindle  11 , as schematically indicated in  FIG.  1   . 
     Later, after milling, it is preferably provided that the changing device  30  transfers the milled lens  2  to the turning station  100 . 
     Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the changing device  30 , after turning, transfers the finished processed lens  2  from the turning station  100  again to the loading device  40  and/or transfer device  60 . 
     In the following, a particularly preferred structure of the proposed changing device  30  is first explained in more detail. 
       FIG.  3    shows a schematic perspective view of a particularly preferred embodiment of the proposed changing device  30 . 
     The changing device  30  preferably has a double gripper  31  with two gripping members or suckers  32 , which preferably point in the same direction and/or are held by a common carrier  33 . 
       FIG.  3    shows the changing device  30  and/or the double gripper  31  with two picked-up lenses  2 . The suckers  32  hold the lenses  2  each on the unblocked flat side. 
     Instead of the suckers  32 , however, grippers can also be used as gripping members, for example for gripping the lenses  2  on the circumferential side. 
     The lenses  2  are preferably held so that in each case the blocked flat side faces away from the changing device  30 . 
     The changing device  30  preferably has an arm  34  which carries/supports the double gripper  31  and/or carrier  33  and/or the suckers  32 , in particular at its free end, and is particularly preferably designed as a round rod or bar. In the example shown, the arm  34  holds the carrier  33  in the middle or centrally. However, other constructive solutions for holding and/or manipulating the double gripper  31  and/or the gripping members / suckers  32  are also possible. 
     The changing device  30  and/or the arm  34  and/or the double gripper  31  is preferably swivelable around a swivel axis B, in particular around a swivel angle of 180°. The swivel axis B preferably runs vertically and/or parallel to a Y-direction. Particularly preferably, the changing device  30  is swivelable as a whole about this swivel axis B. For this purpose, the changing device  30  preferably has a swivel drive  37 . 
     In particular, at least one sucker  32  and/or the double gripper  31  is movable preferably axially with respect to the swivel axis B and/or linearly back and forth, in particular in the horizontal direction or Z-direction. This allows in particular a handover and/or take-over of a lens  2 . 
     The changing device  30  is preferably designed to pick up the lens  2 , in particular from the transfer device  60 , in particular by means of a linear movement, here in the Z direction, as indicated by arrow P3, and to transfer it to the milling station  10  by swiveling about the swivel axis B, wherein a linear movement, in particular in the Z direction, is preferably again performed during the handover/transfer. 
     Preferably, the arm  34  and/or double gripper  31  is movable linearly (back and forth). The linear movement preferably runs along the direction of the longitudinal extension of the arm  34 , transversely or perpendicularly to the swivel axis B, horizontally and/or parallel and/or coaxially to a feed direction Z and/or rotation axis C of the workpiece spindle  11  and/or  101 . For this purpose, the changing device  30  preferably has a drive  35 . 
     Particularly preferably, the arm  34  and/or double gripper  31  is rotatable about a turn axis W in order to be able to selectively use one of the two gripping members or suckers  32  for taking over or handing over a lens  2 . The turn axis W preferably corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the arm  34  and/or corresponds to the linear axis of movement of the arm  34  and/or double gripper  31  and/or runs in the Z-direction, horizontally and/or radially with respect to the swivel axis B. 
     Particularly preferably, the changing device  30  has a cam gear or cam mechanism  36 , shown schematically in  FIG.  3   , in order to achieve the desired rotation about the turn axis W and optionally to superimpose it on the linear movement - at least in sections and/or selectively. 
     Particularly preferably, the desired rotary movement is superimposed on the linear movement of the arm  34  and/or double gripper  31  by means of the cam mechanism  36 . Tests have shown that particularly short changeover times can be achieved in this way. 
     The desired rotary movement is thus preferably realized by rotating the arm  34  about the turn axis W. In particular, the arm  34  is thus both axially movable and rotatable. 
     In the example shown, it is necessary to rotate the double gripper  31  by 180° about the turn axis W in order to use – instead of one gripping member or sucker  32  – the other gripping member or sucker as an alternative. In the example shown, this is due to the fact that the carrier  33  extends from the turn axis W and/or the arm  34  radially away in opposite directions towards the two gripping members or suckers  32 . However, other constructive solutions are also possible, so that a rotation by 90°, for example, can be sufficient for changing between the two gripping members or suckers  32 . 
     The total angle of rotation for changing from one gripping member or sucker  32  to the other gripping member or sucker  32  – i.e. for a turnover - is therefore preferably 180° in the example shown. 
     For a turnover, during retracting the double gripper  31  and/or during the linear movement towards the swivel axis B, the double gripper  31  is preferably already rotated by half the angle of rotation – thus by 90° in the example shown. However, other rotational angle divisions, for example ⅖ and ⅗, are also possible to achieve the total angle of rotation. 
     This rotary movement is preferably generated by means of the cam mechanism  36  and/or superimposed on the linear movement, so that the two movements can be executed very quickly overall. However, it is also possible in principle to execute the rotary movement after the linear movement when retracting. 
     A preferred process/sequence for lens changing is explained in the following. 
     After the unprocessed lens  2  has been picked up (in the example shown, preferably by the upper gripping member or sucker  32 , in particular on the side to be processed) from the transfer device  60 , the double gripper  31  and/or arm  34  is retracted axially and/or moved linearly in the direction of the swivel axis B and thus released from the transfer device  60  or its receiving chuck  61 . 
     Subsequently, the changing device  30  and/or the double gripper  31  and/or the arm  34  and thus the picked-up lens  2  is swiveled around the B axis to the milling station  10  -by 180° in the example shown. 
     First, by moving the double gripper  31  linearly along the linear axis Z, a lens  2  that has already been completely processed by the milling station  10  is then gripped or sucked on with the free gripping member or gripper  32  (in the example shown, the lower gripping member or gripper  32 ), in particular on the side which has been processed by the milling station  10 . Subsequently, the double gripper  31  is retracted again linearly and/or moved back in the direction of the swivel axis B in order to release/detach the gripped lens  2  from the milling station  10  (more precisely from the workpiece spindle  11  or its chuck  12  of the milling station  10 ). 
     This linear return movement is preferably superimposed by a (first) rotary movement, in particular over a first partial angle or half the angle of rotation, in order to execute the rotary movement as quickly as possible. During the subsequent axial advance towards the milling station  10  and/or workpiece spindle  11 , a further (second) rotation takes place in the same direction of rotation, preferably again by half the angle of rotation or by a second partial angle (residual angle) to achieve the total angle of rotation, so that the unprocessed lens  2  is moved or rotated in front of the workpiece spindle  11  and is finally coupled to the chuck  12  and/or handed over to the milling station  10  and/or workpiece spindle  11  by the final linear movement. 
     To release/detach the lens  2  from the chuck  12 , the rotary movement during retraction preferably starts only after a certain distance of purely linear movement and, when the arm  34  or double gripper  31  is extended, the rotary movement is already terminated before the end of the linear movement to enable a preferably linear coupling of the lens  2  with the chuck  12 . 
     Preferably, the linear movement is adjustable to compensate for different thicknesses and/or geometries of the lenses  2  and/or the changing device  30  is equipped with a (spring) suspension (for example of the arm  34  or the gripping members or suckers  32 ) acting in the axial direction and/or direction of the turn axis W. 
     The optionally provided (spring) suspension in the axial direction and/or direction of the handover or pickup of a lens  2  and/or of the arm  34  or of the respective gripping member or sucker  32  or  42  or receiving chuck  61  can also be implemented independently and represents a particularly preferred aspect. In this way, particularly preferably, lenses  2  with different lens thicknesses and/or lens geometries can be handed over or picked up safely without having to vary the infeed accordingly. 
     After the lens  2  to be processed has been transferred / handed over to the milling station  10 , the arm  34  is retracted again linearly, preferably with rotation of the double gripper  31 . Then the changing device  30  is swiveled back to the transfer device  60  and/or to the turning station  100  about the swivel axis B. 
     With regard to a fast lens change and motion sequence, the transfer device  60  and the change position of the turning station  100  and/or workpiece spindle  101  are preferably in the same swivel position with respect to the swivel axis B, particularly preferably axially offset in the direction of the swivel axis B and/or in the vertical direction Y one above the other. For reasons of simplification, the workpiece spindle  101  in  FIG.  1    is shown in a working position in front of a fast tool drive and not in its change position -here below the transfer device  60 . 
     After swiveling to the turning station  100  / transfer device  60 , the arm  34  and/or double gripper  31  is again extended linearly and preferably rotated further in order to then preferably first pick up a fully processed lens  2  from the turning station  100  or its workpiece spindle  101  with the free gripping member or sucker  32  – which is now lying in the lower position in the example shown – in particular on the side which has been processed by the turning station  100 . In this case, the receiving chuck  61  of the transfer device  60  is preferably swiveled away, since the only milled lens  2  at the other (upper) sucker  32  is not delivered / handed over to the transfer device  60 , but later in the next step to the turning station  100 . 
     Next, the double gripper  31  is retracted again linearly and, after the initial purely linear movement, the rotary movement is again preferably superimposed on the return movement in order to rotate the double gripper  31 , in particular by half the angle of rotation or 90°, about the turn axis W when retracting. Subsequently, the arm  34  with the double gripper  31  is again extended linearly and rotated further by half the angle of rotation, so that finally the milled lens  2  previously taken over from the milling station  10  lies in particular at the lower position and is handed over to the turning station  100  or its workpiece spindle  101  or its chuck  102 , in particular wherein the milled side is facing away from the workpiece spindle  101  or its chuck  102 . 
     In this way, a particularly fast lens change can be achieved at the turning station  100  or its workpiece spindle  101 . This is conducive to a high throughput, since machining / shape cutting in the turning station  100  usually takes the longest time during processing, thus takes longer than milling in the milling station  10 . 
     Particularly preferably, at the same time as the milled lens  2  is handed over to the turning station  100  or the workpiece spindle  101 , the fully processed lens  2  is also handed over, particularly preferably to the transfer device  60 . This is made easier or possible in particular by the use of the double gripper  31  and/or by gripping members / suckers  32  aligned in the same direction. In this way, a time-optimized sequence / process can also be achieved. 
     However, it is also possible in principle for the fully processed lens  2  to be delivered or handed over by the changing device  30  or its double gripper  31  in a separate step only after the milled lens  2  has been handed over to the turning station  100 . 
     In the example shown, the lens  2  is preferably finished / fully processed when its flat side to be processed has been (lathe) turned and/or a desired surface shape (prescription surface) has been produced on the flat side to be processed by shape cutting / machining. This applies accordingly, of course, if both flat sides of a lens  2  are processed. 
     After delivery of the fully processed lens 2– in the example shown, to the transfer device  60  – the double gripper  31  and/or arm  34  is preferably retracted again linearly, wherein rotation or turn-over of the arm  34  and/or double gripper  31  is not necessary, especially since the double gripper  31  in this case is preferably not occupied with any lens  2 . 
     Subsequently, the receiving chuck  61  and/or the lens  2  can be pivoted or tilted by the transfer device  60  - upwards in the example shown. 
     The loading device  40  then takes over the fully processed lens  2  from the transfer device  60  and hands it back to the conveying device  50  or places it back into a transport carrier  51 , in particular into the same transport carrier  51  from which it was originally taken. 
     Finally, a new lens  2  to be processed is transferred / handed over to the transfer device  60  by means of the loading device  40 , and the cycle or sequence can be continued or restarted accordingly by the changing device  30  and/or the double gripper  31  taking over the lens  2  to be processed from the transfer device  60  and then swiveling to the milling station  10 . 
     A preferred design/structure of the milling station  10  is explained in more detail in the following. 
     The workpiece spindle  11  preferably has only one (linear) axis of movement, here in the feed direction or the feed axis Z, and/or is preferably arranged on a (first) carriage/slide  13  and in particular movable linearly back and forth in only one direction, here horizontally and/or in the Z direction and/or along the rotation axis C of the workpiece spindle  11 , as indicated by arrow P1. 
     The milling station  10  preferably has a milling drive  14  with a milling tool  15 , indicated schematically in  FIG.  1   , for machining or milling the lens  2 . 
     The milling drive  14  preferably has only one linear axis of movement X and/or is preferably arranged on a (second) carriage/slide  16  and is preferably movable back and forth only transversely or perpendicularly to the workpiece spindle  11  and/or its axis of movement Z and/or rotation axis C, here in the X direction, as indicated by arrow P2, in particular so that the milling drive  14  with its milling tool  15  is movable in front of the workpiece spindle  11  or its chuck  12  for processing the lens  2 . 
     Preferably, thus, the milling station  10  has only two individual and/or independent (linear) movement axes, wherein in particular one movement axis Z is assigned to the workpiece spindle  11  and the other movement axis X is assigned to the milling drive  14  and/or milling tool  15 . Particularly preferably, the milling station  10  has no stacked (linear) movement axes. 
     If the rotary axes C and D of the workpiece spindle  11  and the milling drive  14  are also taken into account, the workpiece spindle  11  and/or the milling drive  14  each preferably have exactly two axes, namely one linear movement axis and one rotary axis. 
     Optionally, the milling drive  14  can also have an additional axis of movement, for example along the rotation axis D and/or a tilting axis. In the case of an additional linear movement axis, the two linear movement axes of the milling drive  14  are preferably stacked. Three stacked linear movement axes are preferably not provided. 
     The milling station  10  preferably has its own machine bed  17  with a first, in particular horizontal bearing surface / support surface  18  and a second, in particular inclined bearing surface / support surface  19 , as indicated in particular in  FIG.  2   . 
     The workpiece spindle  11  is preferably arranged and/or mounted with its carriage  13  and/or the corresponding slide guide / carriage guide  20  directly on the first bearing surface  18  of the machine bed  17 . 
     The milling drive  14  is preferably arranged and/or mounted with its carriage  16  and/or the corresponding slide guide / carriage guide  21  directly on the second bearing surface  19  of the machine bed  17 . 
     The workpiece spindle  11  and/or the milling drive  14  thus preferably each have only a single axis of movement. Accordingly, a very simple and connection-stiff design/structure is possible. 
     The milling drive  14  and/or its rotation axis D, about which the milling tool  15  rotates, is preferably inclined by more than 45°, in particular more than 70°, for example about 85°, to the rotation axis C of the workpiece spindle  11  and/or horizontal plane X-Z. 
     Preferably, the second bearing surface  19  for the milling drive  14  is inclined by at least 45°, in particular more than 70°, for example about 85°, to the horizontal and/or to the rotation axis C of the workpiece spindle  11  and/or the rotation axis D of the milling drive  14  runs parallel to the second bearing surface  19 . This in turn is conducive to a very simple and/or connection-stiff design/structure. 
     The milling drive  14  is preferably only movable in front of the workpiece spindle  11  by means of the carriage  16  to process the lens  2 , and can be moved back to the starting position shown in  FIG.  1    to allow the lens change by means of the changing device  30 . 
     The movement axis Z of the workpiece spindle  11 , the rotary axis or rotation axis C of the workpiece spindle  11  and the movement axis X of the milling drive  14  are in particular (position-)controlled axes and/or CNC axes. 
     The rotation axis D of the milling drive  14 , on the other hand, does not have to be a (position-controlled) axis or CNC axis, even if the (rotational) speed is preferably controlled or feedback-controlled and/or adjustable or variable. 
     The milling station  10  and/or its machine bed  17  is preferably mounted/supported via damping elements  4  at or on a base frame  5  of the processing apparatus  1 , as indicated in  FIG.  2   . However, other constructive solutions are also possible. 
     A particularly preferred design/structure of the proposed turning station  100  is explained in more detail in the following. 
     The workpiece spindle  101  of the turning station  100  preferably has only a single axis of movement, in particular transverse or perpendicular to its rotation axis C and/or in the horizontal direction, in particular in the X direction, as indicated by arrow P4 in  FIG.  1   . 
     In particular, the workpiece spindle  101  is arranged on a carriage/slide  103 , which is movable or displaceable by means of its slide guide / carriage guide  104  correspondingly in the desired transverse direction and/or X-direction, in particular as indicated by arrow P4. 
     Preferably, the workpiece spindle  101  is movable in particular by means of the carriage  103  – here in the transverse direction X or X-direction – from the change position for lens change to the processing position in front of a fast tool drive  105 ,  108  and vice versa, as indicated by arrow P4. 
     The turning station  100  preferably comprises a (first) fast tool drive  105  with at least one preferably protruding lathe tool / turning tool  106 . In the illustrated example, the fast tool drive  105  optionally also has an additional or second lathe tool / turning tool  107 , as indicated in  FIGS.  1  and  5   . 
     By means of the fast tool drive  105 , the turning tool  106  and/or  107  can be moved back and forth very quickly, in particular with an acceleration of more than 1 g (=̂ 9.81 m s -2  ), particularly preferably several g, in order to process the lens  2 , which is rotating by means of the workpiece spindle  101 , at the end face and to shape the end face of the lens  2  in a desired manner by means of corresponding axial movements of the turning tool  106  and/or  107 . In particular, the turning tool  106  and/or  107  can be moved back and forth one or more times within one revolution of the lens  2 . 
     The turning station  100  optionally comprises an additional or second fast tool drive  108  having at least one lathe tool / turning tool  109 . 
     In particular, the fast tool drives  105  and  108  are used for sequential processing of the same lens  2 , for example, to enable rough processing first and then fine processing. 
     In particular, the two fast tool drives  105  and  108  are embodied differently. For example, one has a roller bearing and the other an air bearing. This enables, for example, slightly faster and therefore less erosive processing on the one hand and slightly slower and therefore more erosive processing on the other hand. 
     The axis of movement of the turning tool(s)  106 ,  107 ,  109  preferably runs in the Z direction and/or in extension of or parallel to the rotary axis or rotation axis C of the workpiece spindle  101  and/or horizontally and/or in the Z direction, as indicated by arrow P5. 
     The workpiece spindle  101  is movable in the horizontal direction and/or X-direction transversely to the respective turning tool  106 ,  107  or  109  which lies opposite it in each case during the turning (chip-removing) machining, so that the turning tool  106 ,  107 ,  109  can basically be moved over the entire end face when the lens  2  is rotated. Here it is important that the turning tool  106 ,  107 ,  109  is also moved exactly over the center of the lens  2  and/or through the rotation axis C and not laterally past it. For adjustment purposes, the turning station  100  therefore preferably has a height adjustment device in order to be able to adjust the at least one fast tool drive  105 ,  108  relative to the workpiece spindle  101  in the vertical direction and/or Y-direction and/or transversely to the rotation axis C and axis of movement X. 
     Preferably, the turning station  100  has a wedge adjustment  110  for height adjustment, thus for adjustment in the Y direction. 
     The wedge adjustment  110  is preferably assigned to the fast tool drive  105  or fast tool drives  105 ,  108  and/or preferably has a movement component, in particular a horizontal movement component, parallel to the movement axis X of the workpiece spindle  101  and/or in the X direction and/or transverse to the rotation axis C of the workpiece spindle  101 . 
     The wedge adjustment  110  and/or strongest inclination of an inclined plane S of the wedge adjustment  110  preferably runs in the X-Y plane, thus perpendicular to the rotation axis C of the workpiece spindle  101  and/or to the infeed axis Z. 
     Preferably, the at least one fast tool drive  105  and/or the fast tool drives  105 ,  108  are arranged on a (common) slide/carriage  111 , which is movable along the inclined plane S via a slide guide / carriage guide  112 , as shown in the schematic side view of the turning station  100  according to  FIG.  4    or indicated by arrow P6. 
     Preferably, the (respective) fast tool drive  105 ,  108  and/or the (respective) rotary tool  106 ,  107 ,  109  has only two axes of motion and/or is movable in only two directions, in particular in the Z-direction and in the direction of the inclined plane S. 
     Consequently, the (respective) fast tool drive  105 ,  108  and/or the (respective) turning tool  106 ,  107 ,  109  preferably only has a maximum of two stacked axes of motion. 
     Since the workpiece spindle  101  preferably has only one linear motion axis (and one rotary axis C), the turning station  100  thus preferably has only a maximum of two stacked motion axes. A device and/or spindle and/or drive having three or more stacked motion axes is preferably not provided. 
     The carriage guide  112  of the wedge adjustment  110  and/or of the carriage  111  is preferably arranged and/or mounted on a correspondingly inclined bearing surface / support surface  113  of a machine bed  114  of the turning station  100 . 
     The bearing surface  113  and/or inclined plane S is preferably most inclined in the X direction and/or to the horizontal, in particular by about 5° to 15°, particularly preferably about 10° to 12°. 
     The machine bed  114  of the turning station  100  is preferably supported independently and/or separately from the machine bed  17  of the milling station  10  and/or preferably supported correspondingly on the, in particular, common base frame  5  via damping elements  4  not shown. However, other constructive solutions are also possible. 
     Preferably, the working space of the turning station  100  is at least largely shielded, covered and/or separable and/or closable, with corresponding covers, partitioning / separating walls or the like being largely omitted for reasons of simplification. In  FIG.  5   , a partition wall portion  115  is indicated, which should move along correspondingly with the displacement of the carriage  111  of the wedge adjustment  110  and can, for example, be embodied in the manner of a louver/jalousie. 
     In addition, the fast tool drive  105  and/or  108  each preferably has associated therewith a bellows-like separating portion  116 , as schematically indicated in  FIG.  5   , which allows a head  122  of the fast tool drive  105  and/or  108  to move back and forth with the respective turning tool, as indicated by arrow P5 in  FIGS.  1  and  5   . 
       FIG.  5    shows by way of example in a schematic perspective the (first) fast tool drive  105  with, in particular, both turning tools  106  and  107  as seen from the working space. 
     In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure that can also be implemented independently, the fast tool drive  105  preferably comprises a cooling device  117  for cooling the at least one turning tool  106  and/or  107  by supplying a cooling liquid  118 . In particular, the cooling liquid  118  is directed in the form of a jet onto the respective turning tool  106  or  107 , as schematically indicated in  FIG.  5   . 
     In the illustrative example, the cooling device  117  preferably has at least one coolant supply via a passage  119  (preferably from the working space and/or through the partition wall portion  115  and/or separating portion  116 ) and/or a hose  120  (in the working space) and/or at least one discharge opening or nozzle  121  that directs the coolant jet onto the respective turning tool  106  and/or  107 . 
     The cooling device  117  and/or its discharge nozzle  121  is preferably fixedly arranged or attached to the movable head  122  of the fast tool drive  105  with the turning tool  106  and/or  107 . 
     In the case of two turning tools  106  and  107 , the cooling device  117  is preferably arranged or fixed between them. 
     In the case of two turning tools  106  and  107 , the cooling device  117  preferably has two discharge openings or nozzles  121  and, particularly preferably, also two separate coolant supplies, in particular each with a separate passage  119  and/or hose  120 , in order to be able to cool the two turning tools  106  and  107  independently of one another as required. 
     Preferably, the machine bed  114  of the turning station  100  also forms a horizontal support surface / bearing surface  123  for the carriage guide  104  of the workpiece spindle  101 , as indicated in  FIG.  1   . 
     The workpiece spindle  101  equipped with the lens  2  to be processed can be positioned in particular selectively in front of one of the two fast tool drives  105  or  108  and/or selectively in front of one of the turning tools  106 ,  107  or  109 , in particular by moving the carriage  103  along the carriage guide  104  and/or in the X direction or according to arrow P4. Face processing or face turning is then performed by moving the respective turning tool  106 ,  107  or  109  axially back and forth accordingly, as indicated by arrow P5 in  FIG.  1    and/or in the direction of the feed axis Z. 
     If the stroke is too small for this highly dynamic movement, thus if the turning tool must be additionally fed or advanced to the lens  2  to be processed, for example to compensate for different lens thicknesses, such an infeed can optionally be performed by an infeed integrated in the respective fast tool drive  105  or  108 . However, other constructive solutions are also possible, for example by means of an additional carriage guide on the tool side or workpiece side. 
     After the turning processing of the lens  2 , the workpiece spindle  101  is moved to the change position (to the left in  FIG.  1   ) and/or beside the fast tool drives  105 ,  108  and/or below/underneath the transfer device  60 . 
     In particular, the clamping chuck  102  of the workpiece spindle  101  in the change position and the receiving chuck  61  of the transfer device  60  in the horizontal tilting position are positioned in such a way that their X-positions and optionally or at least substantially also their Z-positions coincide in order to enable the desired simultaneous transfer / handing over of two lenses  2  by means of the double gripper  31  and/or the simultaneous pick-up of two lenses  2  by means of the double gripper  31 . Optionally, namely, the transfer device  60  has a spring stroke for compensating for different lens thicknesses and/or Z-positions. 
     The processing direction Z or P5 of the fast tool drive  105  or the fast tool drives  105 ,  108  preferably runs horizontally and/or parallel to the rotation axis C of the workpiece spindle  101 . 
     Furthermore, the proposed processing apparatus  1  and/or use leads in particular to the following advantages and also independently realizable aspects: 
     The workpiece spindle  11  of the milling station  10  preferably forms a first workpiece spindle of the processing apparatus  1 , and the workpiece spindle  101  of the turning station  100  preferably forms a second workpiece spindle of the processing apparatus  1 . 
     The two workpiece spindles  11 ,  101  preferably have parallel and/or coaxial rotation axes C, but are preferably movable only transversely or perpendicularly to each other. 
     According to a particularly preferred aspect of the present disclosure, the two workpiece spindles  11 ,  101  and/or their chucks  12 ,  102  preferably face each other and/or their rotation axes C preferably run coaxially or in extension (at least when the workpiece spindle  101  of the turning station  100  is in the change position). The changing device  30  is preferably arranged and/or mounted therebetween. This is conducive to a compact design/structure, wherein a lens change can be performed very quickly, in particular by a swiveling movement, here about the swivel axis B. 
     In particular, the changing device  30  and/or its swivel axis B is arranged and/or mounted between the two machine beds  17  and  114 . 
     The swivel axis B is preferably stationary or fixed. 
     Preferably, starting from the conveying device  50 , the turning station  100 , the changing device  30  and the milling station  10  are arranged at least substantially one behind the other, and preferably transversely to the conveying direction X of the conveying device  50 . This is conducive to a particularly compact design/structure of the processing apparatus  1  in the conveying direction X. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure, which can also be implemented independently, is in particular that the turning processing and the milling processing preferably take place in a first (horizontal) plane or level E1 and the lens transfer/handover of the transfer device  60  and/or loading device  40  takes place outside or in another (horizontal) plane or level E2, in particular lying above the first plane E1, as indicated schematically in  FIG.  2   . 
     The processing apparatus  1  and/or turning station  100  preferably has a release device  124  shown in  FIG.  1    with an actuator  125  to be able to open and close the chuck  102  of the workpiece spindle  101  in the change position to enable the lens  2  to be changed. 
     Particularly preferably, the release device  124  is designed as a separate device that does not have to be moved together with the workpiece spindle  101 , but is arranged stationary. 
     Alternatively, the release device  124  can be movable together with or integrated into the workpiece spindle  101 . 
     The release device  124  may optionally be independently movable. 
     An additional release device can also be installed at another position as needed, for example to enable a lens change independently of the changing device  30  and/or, as the case may be, manually. For example, the release device  124  can serve the automatic change, in particular in the change position of the workpiece spindle  101  as described, and additionally enable a manual change at another position of the workpiece spindle  101 . 
     The release device  124  can act with the actuator  125  in particular axially on the workpiece spindle  101 , in the example shown on the side facing away from the chuck  102 , to open the chuck  102  or a spring collet acting therein, so as to enable a desired opening and closing of the chuck  102  in the change position. 
     In particular, the processing apparatus  1  permits an increase in throughput as a result of the preferred parallelization of milling and turning. 
     Another aspect that can also be realized independently is the reduction of the workpiece changing time, in particular due to the proposed use of the changing device  30 , particularly preferably with the double gripper  31  that is movable linearly and also rotatable about the linear axis, and/or due to the arrangement of the stationary swivel axis B between the processing stations, here the milling station  10  and the turning station  100 , and/or between the workpiece spindles  11 ,  101  and/or their chucks  12 ,  102 . 
     The absence of cross-slide assemblies achieves greater rigidity, which is in particular beneficial to precision during processing and/or permits higher processing speeds. 
     The use of two turning tools  106 ,  107  on one fast tool drive  105  allows multi-stage processing and/or redundancy and thus particularly high production and/or high continuous throughput. This applies accordingly when using two fast tool drives  105 . 
     It should be noted that the milling station  10 , like the turning station  100 , preferably has a largely enclosed working space for processing, the corresponding partitions, covers, (air) locks or the like not being described or shown here for reasons of simplification. 
     Preferably, the working space or parts, such as plates/sheets, of the workspace of the milling station  10  and/or turning station  100  are connected to the respective machine bed  17  or  114  in a vibration-decoupled manner. For example, protective plates may be decoupled from the respective working space and/or fast tool drive  105  and/or other processing drive, such as the milling drive  14 , by means of damping elements. 
     According to an aspect of the present disclosure that can also be implemented independently, the milling station  10  and/or the milling drive  14  is optionally also provided with a cooling device  22  for supplying a cooling liquid  23  and/or the cooling device  22  is associated with the milling tool  15 , as indicated schematically in  FIG.  6   . 
       FIG.  6    shows in a schematic, perspective view from the rear the proposed milling tool  15 , which or the milling head  25  of which is particularly preferably provided with a rear, in particular annular, groove-shaped or ring-groove-shaped recess or receptacle  24  for the cooling liquid  23  and/or has one or more through-holes  27  for discharging the cooling liquid  23  from the rear to the front and/or to milling teeth  26  of the milling tool  15  / milling head  25 . 
     Preferably, a through hole  27  is associated in each milling tooth  26  for the supply of cooling liquid  23 . 
     Preferably, the through holes  27  extend radially outward from the rear to the front of the milling tool  15  / milling head  25  so that the colling liquid  23  is conveyed by centrifugal forces to the front and/or to the milling teeth  26 . 
     According to another aspect of the present disclosure that can also be implemented independently, the milling tool  15  is preferably provided with a recognition means  28 , in particular an optical mark/sign or code or an RFID chip, particularly preferably on the milling head  25  or a shank or shaft  29  of the milling tool  15 . 
     In particular, the cooling device  22  and/or the supply of coolant  23  is controllable depending on whether the milling tool  15  is constructed for liquid cooling. This can depend, for example, on whether the recognition means  28  is detected and/or what information is provided by the recognition means  28 , for example about the number of through holes, a tool identification, number of teeth, etc. 
     Individual aspects and features of the present disclosure can also be implemented independently of each other, but also in any combination. 
     The present disclosure relates in particular to any one of the following aspects which can be realized independently or in any combination, also in any combination with any aspects above: 
       1 . Processing apparatus  1  for processing optical workpieces, in particular lenses  2 , with a milling station  10  comprising a first workpiece spindle  11 , with a turning station  100  comprising a second workpiece spindle  101 , and with a changing device  30  for changing the lenses  2  to be processed from the first workpiece spindle  11  to the second workpiece spindle  101 ,   characterized 
   in that the workpiece spindles  11 ,  101  or their chucks  12 ,  102  face one another and/or the changing device  30  is arranged therebetween, and/or   in that the milling station  10  and the turning station  100  each have only a maximum of two stacked movement axes X, Z, and/or   in that the changing device  30  has a double gripper  31  which is rotatable about a central turn axis W and is movable linearly along the turn axis W and/or which – in particular by means of a cam mechanism  37  – is constructed for superimposed rotary and linear movement.   
     2 . Processing apparatus according to aspect  1 , characterized in that the first and/or second workpiece spindle  11 ,  101  is/are exclusively linearly displaceable in only one direction.     3 . Processing apparatus according to aspect  1  or  2 , characterized in that the milling station  10  and the turning station  100  each have a separate machine bed  17 ,  114  and that the changing device  30  is mounted independently of and/or between the machine beds  17 ,  114 .     4 . Processing apparatus according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the changing device  30  has an in particular vertical swivel axis B for changing between the milling station  10  and turning station  100  and vice versa.     5 . Processing apparatus according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the changing device  30  is adapted for moving, in particular linearly, to a transfer position and/or transfer device  60  for picking up an unprocessed workpiece and/or handing over a processed workpiece, the transfer position and/or transfer device  60  being located directly on, above or below a change position of a workpiece spindle  101 , in particular of the turning station  100 .     6 . Processing apparatus  1  for processing optical workpieces, in particular lenses  2 , in particular according to one of the preceding claims, 
   with a milling station  10  having a first carriage  13  with a workpiece spindle  11  and a second carriage  16  with a milling drive  14  as well as a machine bed  17 ,   wherein the machine bed  17  supports the first carriage  13  on a first bearing surface  18  and the second carriage  16  on a second bearing surface  19 ,   characterized   in that the two bearing surfaces  18 ,  19  are inclined to each other by more than 45 degrees and/or in that the second bearing surface  19  runs parallel to the rotation axis D of the milling drive  14 .   
     7 . Processing apparatus according to aspect  6 , characterized in that the second bearing surface  19  is inclined by more than 45 degrees to the horizontal.     8 . Processing apparatus according to aspect  6  or  7 , characterized in that the workpiece spindle  11  is exclusively linearly displaceable in only one direction Z.     9 . Processing apparatus  1  for processing optical workpieces, in particular lenses  2 , in particular according to one of the preceding claims, 
   with a turning station  100  preferably designed for face turning, which has a workpiece spindle  101  and a first fast tool drive  105 ,   characterized   in that the turning station  100  has a second fast tool drive  108  which is constructed differently from the first fast tool drive  105  and/or which is provided for alternative and/or sequential processing of the same workpiece, and/or   in that the turning station  100  has a wedge adjustment  110  for the fast tool drive  105  and/or the two fast tool drives  105 ,  108 , and/or   in that the first fast tool drive  105  has two tool holders and/or tools  106 ,  107  for alternative and/or sequential processing of a workpiece and/or has a tool cooling  117 .   
 10 . Processing apparatus according to aspect  9 , characterized in that the first fast tool drive  105  and the second fast tool drive  108  are arranged together on a carriage  111 .     11 . Processing apparatus according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the processing apparatus  1  comprises two workpiece spindles  11 ,  101  which are offset and/or spaced apart in the direction of their parallel and/or coaxial rotation axes C.     12 . Use of a double gripper  31  or method to use a double gripper  31 , 
   wherein the double gripper  31  is rotatable about a turn axis W and linearly movable along the turn axis W and/or– in particular by means of a cam mechanism  37  – is constructed for superimposed rotary and linear movement, and/or   wherein by means of the double gripper  31  a workpiece still to be processed is transferred to a processing station  100  and/or its workpiece spindle  101  and simultaneously a workpiece already processed is transferred to a transfer device  60  and/or loading device  40  or other device,   
   

     to change optical workpieces, in particular lenses  2 , for processing in a processing apparatus  1  or processing station  10 ,  100  and in particular between different processing stations  10 ,  100  of the processing apparatus  1 .  
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 List of reference signs: 
               
             
            
               
                 
                   1 
                 
                 Processing apparatus 
                 
                   31 
                 
                 Double gripper 
               
               
                 
                   2 
                 
                 Lens 
                 
                   32 
                 
                 Gripping member / Sucker 
               
               
                 
                   3 
                 
                 Block piece 
                 
                   33 
                 
                 Carrier 
               
               
                 
                   4 
                 
                 Damping element 
                 
                   34 
                 
                 Arm 
               
               
                 
                   5 
                 
                 Base frame 
                 
                   35 
                 
                 Drive 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   36 
                 
                 Cam mechanism 
               
               
                 
                   10 
                 
                 Milling station 
                 
                   37 
                 
                 Swivel drive 
               
               
                 
                   11 
                 
                 Workpiece spindle 
                 
                   40 
                 
                 Loading device 
               
               
                 
                   12 
                 
                 Chuck 
                 
                   41 
                 
                 Manipulator 
               
               
                 
                   13 
                 
                 Carriage 
                 
                   42 
                 
                 Gripping member / Sucker 
               
               
                 
                   14 
                 
                 Milling drive 
                 
                   43 
                 
                 Carriage guide 
               
               
                 
                   15 
                 
                 Milling tool 
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                   16 
                 
                 Carriage 
                 
                   50 
                 
                 Conveying device 
               
               
                 
                   17 
                 
                 Machine bed 
                 
                   51 
                 
                 Transport carrier 
               
               
                 
                   18 
                 
                 First bearing surface 
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                   19 
                 
                 Second bearing surface 
                 
                   60 
                 
                 Transfer device 
               
               
                 
                   20 
                 
                 Carriage guide 
                 
                   61 
                 
                 Receiving chuck 
               
               
                 
                   21 
                 
                 Carriage guide 
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                   22 
                 
                 Cooling device 
                 
                   100 
                 
                 Turning station 
               
               
                 
                   23 
                 
                 Cooling liquid 
                 
                   101 
                 
                 Workpiece spindle 
               
               
                 
                   24 
                 
                 Receptacle 
                 
                   102 
                 
                 Chuck 
               
               
                 
                   25 
                 
                 Milling head 
                 
                   103 
                 
                 Carriage 
               
               
                 
                   26 
                 
                 Milling tooth 
                 
                   104 
                 
                 Carriage guide 
               
               
                 
                   27 
                 
                 Through hole 
                 
                   105 
                 
                 Fast tool drive 
               
               
                 
                   28 
                 
                 Recognition means 
                 
                   106 
                 
                 Turning tool 
               
               
                 
                   29 
                 
                 Shaft 
                 
                   107 
                 
                 Turning tool 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   108 
                 
                 Fast tool drive 
               
               
                 
                   30 
                 
                 Changing device 
                 
                   109 
                 
                 Turning tool 
               
               
                 
                   110 
                 
                 Wedge adjustment 
                 
                   125 
                 
                 Actuator 
               
               
                 
                   111 
                 
                 Carriage 
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                   112 
                 
                 Carriage guide 
                 B 
                 Swivel axis 
               
               
                 
                   113 
                 
                 Bearing surface 
                 C 
                 Rotation axis (workpiece spindle) 
               
               
                 
                   114 
                 
                 Machine bed 
                 D 
                 Rotation axis (milling drive) 
               
               
                 
                   115 
                 
                 Partition wall portion 
                 E1 
                 Plane 
               
               
                 
                   116 
                 
                 Separating portion 
                 E2 
                 Plane 
               
               
                 
                   117 
                 
                 Cooling device 
                 P1-6 
                 Arrow 
               
               
                 
                   118 
                 
                 Cooling liquid 
                 S 
                 Inclined plane 
               
               
                 
                   119 
                 
                 Passage 
                 W 
                 Turn axis 
               
               
                 
                   120 
                 
                 Hose 
                 X 
                 Transverse motion axis / conveying direction 
               
               
                 
                   121 
                 
                 Nozzle 
               
               
                 
                   122 
                 
                 Head 
                 Y 
                 Vertical axis 
               
               
                 
                   123 
                 
                 Bearing surface 
                 Z 
                 Infeed axis 
               
               
                 
                   124 
                 
                 Release device