Patent Publication Number: US-11029498-B2

Title: Single-focal lens system, imaging device having single-focal lens system, and moving body having imaging device

Description:
This application is a U.S. National Phase application of PCT International Application PCT/JP2018/007353. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a single-focal lens system, an imaging device having the single-focal lens system, and a moving body having the imaging device. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     PTL 1 discloses a single-focal lens system including a first lens serving as a negative lens, a second lens serving as a meniscus lens whose convex surface is directed to an image, a diaphragm, a third lens serving as a positive lens, a fourth lens serving as a positive lens, and a fifth lens serving as a positive lens, which are disposed in this order from an object side to an image side. 
     Meanwhile, in recent years, as a lens system used in, for example, an on-vehicle camera or a surveillance camera, demand for a lens system with a wider angle has been growing rapidly. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     PTL 1: Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 2016-38574 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A single-focal lens system according to the present disclosure includes a first lens group having positive power, an aperture diaphragm, and a second lens group having positive power. The first lens group includes a first lens element having negative power, a second lens element having negative power, and a third lens element having positive power in this order from an object side to an image side. The second lens group includes a fourth lens element having power and a fifth lens element having positive power. When fG1 is a focal length of the first lens group at a d-line, fG2 is a focal length of the second lens group at the d-line, f4 is a focal length of the fourth lens element at the d-line, f is a focal length of an entire system at the d-line, and w is a half angle of view, a condition (1), a condition (3c) and a condition (6) shown below are satisfied.
 
0.5&lt; fG 1/ fG 2&lt;3.0  (1)
 
11.5&lt;| f 4/ f|   (3c)
 
60&lt; w   (6)
 
     The present disclosure provides a single-focal lens system that is excellent in various aberrations. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a lens arrangement diagram of a single-focal lens system according to a first exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a longitudinal aberration diagram in an infinity focusing state according to a first numerical example of the first exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a lens arrangement diagram of a single-focal lens system according to a second exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a longitudinal aberration diagram in an infinity focusing state according to a second numerical example of the second exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a lens arrangement diagram of a single-focal lens system according to a third exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a longitudinal aberration diagram in an infinity focusing state according to a third numerical example of the third exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic configuration diagram of an imaging device according to a fourth exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic configuration diagram of a moving body on which the imaging device according to the fourth exemplary embodiment is mounted. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic configuration diagram of a moving body on which an imaging device according to another exemplary embodiment is mounted. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, descriptions in more detail than necessary may be omitted. For example, a detailed description of a matter which is already well-known, or a repetitive description for a substantially identical configuration may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessarily redundancy in the following description, and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. 
     Note that the attached drawings and the following description are provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the subject matter as described in the appended claims. 
     In the present disclosure, a lens group means a group configured with one or more lens elements. Power, a composite focal length, and the like of each lens group are determined depending on kinds, a number, and an arrangement of the lens elements constituting each lens group. 
       FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 3 , and  FIG. 5  are lens arrangement diagrams of single-focal lens systems according to the exemplary embodiments. Note that each of  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 3 , and  FIG. 5  illustrates a lens arrangement of the single-focal lens system in an infinity focusing state. 
     In each diagram, an asterisk “f” attached to a certain surface shows that the surface is aspherical. Further, in each diagram, symbol (+) or symbol (−) attached to a sign of each lens group corresponds to a sign of power of each lens group. That is, symbol (+) indicates positive power, and symbol (−) indicates negative power. In each of the drawings, a straight line drawn at a rightmost side indicates a position of image surface S (corresponding to a position at which an imaging element to be described later is disposed). Note that aspect ratios of  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 3 ,  FIG. 5 , and  FIG. 7  are the same. 
     First Exemplary Embodiment 
     A single-focal lens system according to a first exemplary embodiment will be described below with reference to  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 1  is a lens arrangement diagram of the single-focal lens system according to the first exemplary embodiment. 
     The single-focal lens system according to the first exemplary embodiment includes, for example, first lens group G 1  having positive power, aperture diaphragm A, second lens group G 2  having positive power, and parallel plate P in this order from an object side to an image side. Note that the object side corresponds to a side of first lens group G 1 , and the image side corresponds to a side of image surface S. 
     First lens group G 1  includes first lens element L 1  having negative power, second lens element L 2  having negative power, and third lens element L 3  having positive power in this order from the object side to the image side. 
     Second lens group G 2  includes fourth lens element L 4  having negative power, and fifth lens element L 5  having positive power in this order from the object side to the image side. 
     Each lens element will be described below. 
     First, the lens elements in first lens group G 1  will be described. First lens element L 1  is a grass lens having a meniscus shape whose convex surface is directed to an object. Second lens element L 2  is a resin lens having a biconcave shape. In second lens element L 2 , concave surfaces on the object side and on the side of image surface S have aspherical shapes. Third lens element L 3  is a grass lens having a biconvex shape. 
     Next, the lens elements in second lens group G 2  will be described. Fourth lens element L 4  is a resin lens having a meniscus shape whose convex surface is directed to image surface S. In fourth lens element L 4 , both surfaces on the object side and on the side of image surface S have aspherical shapes. Fifth lens element L 5  is a resin lens having a biconvex lens shape. In fifth lens element L 5 , both surfaces on the object side and on the side of image surface S have aspherical shapes. 
     The single-focal lens system according to the first exemplary embodiment is thus configured. 
     Second Exemplary Embodiment 
     A single-focal lens system according to a second exemplary embodiment will be described below with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 3  is a lens arrangement diagram of the single-focal lens system according to the second exemplary embodiment. 
     The single-focal lens system according to the second exemplary embodiment is configured with, for example, first lens group G 1  having positive power, aperture diaphragm A, second lens group G 2  having positive power, and parallel plate P in this order from an object side to an image side. 
     First lens group G 1  includes first lens element L 1  having negative power, second lens element L 2  having negative power, and third lens element L 3  having positive power in this order from the object side to the image side. 
     Second lens group G 2  includes fourth lens element L 4  having positive power and fifth lens element L 5  having positive power in this order from the object side to the image side. 
     Each lens element will be described below. 
     First, the lens elements in first lens group G 1  will be described. First lens element L 1  is a grass lens having a meniscus shape whose convex surface is directed to an object. Second lens element L 2  is a resin lens having a meniscus shape whose convex surface is directed to image surface S. In second lens element L 2 , both surfaces on the object side and on the side of image surface S have aspherical shapes. Third lens element L 3  is a grass lens having a biconvex shape. 
     Next, the lens elements in second lens group G 2  will be described below. Fourth lens element L 4  is a resin lens having a meniscus shape whose convex surface is directed to image surface S. In fourth lens element L 4 , both surfaces on the object side and on the side of image surface S have aspherical shapes. Fifth lens element L 5  is a resin lens having a biconvex shape. In fifth lens element L 5 , both surfaces on the object side and on the side of image surface S have aspherical shapes. 
     The single-focal lens system according to the second exemplary embodiment is thus configured. 
     Third Exemplary Embodiment 
     A single-focal lens system according to a third exemplary embodiment will be described below with reference to  FIG. 5 . 
       FIG. 5  is a lens arrangement diagram of the single-focal lens system according to the third exemplary embodiment. 
     The single-focal lens system according to the third exemplary embodiment is configured with, for example, first lens group G 1  having positive power, aperture diaphragm A, second lens group G 2  having positive power, and parallel plate P in this order from an object side to an image side. 
     First lens group G 1  includes first lens element L 1  having negative power, second lens element L 2  having negative power, and third lens element L 3  having positive power in this order from the object side to the image side. 
     Second lens group G 2  includes fourth lens element L 4  having positive power and fifth lens element L 5  having positive power in this order from the object side to the image side. 
     Each lens element will be described below. 
     First, the lens elements in first lens group G 1  will be described. First lens element L 1  is a grass lens having a meniscus shape whose convex surface is directed to an object. Second lens element L 2  is a resin lens having a meniscus shape whose convex surface is directed to image surface S. In second lens element L 2 , both surfaces on the object side and on the side of image surface S have aspherical shapes. Third lens element L 3  is a grass lens having a biconvex shape. 
     Next, the lens elements in second lens group G 2  will be described below. Fourth lens element L 4  is a resin lens having a meniscus shape whose convex surface is directed to image surface S. In fourth lens element L 4 , both surfaces on the object side and on the side of image surface S have aspherical shapes. Fifth lens element L 5  is a resin lens having a biconvex shape. In fifth lens element L 5 , both surfaces on the object side and on the side of image surface S have aspherical shapes. 
     The single-focal lens system according to the third exemplary embodiment is thus configured. 
     (Conditions and Effects) 
     Hereinafter, conditions required for satisfying the configuration of the single-focal lens system according to any one of the first to third exemplary embodiments will specifically be described. 
     In other words, a plurality of possible conditions are defined to the single-focal lens system according to any one of the first to third exemplary embodiments. In this case, a configuration of the single-focal lens system that satisfies all the conditions is most effective. 
     Alternatively, by satisfying an individual condition as follows, a single-focal lens system exhibiting an effect corresponding to this condition can be obtained. 
     The single-focal lens system according to any one of the first to third exemplary embodiments is configured with, for example, first lens group G 1  having positive power, aperture diaphragm A, and second lens group G 2  having positive power in this order from an object side to an image side. First lens group G 1  includes first lens element L 1  having negative power, second lens element L 2  having negative power, and third lens element L 3  having positive power in this order from the object side to the image side. Second lens group G 2  includes fourth lens element L 4  having power and fifth lens element L 5  having positive power. 
     The above single-focal lens system desirably satisfies the following condition (1), for example.
 
0.5&lt; fG 1/ fG 2&lt;3.0  (1)
 
     Herein, fG1 is a focal length of first lens group G 1  at a d-line and fG2 is a focal length of second lens group G 2  at the d-line. 
     According to the above single-focal lens system, first lens group G 1  includes two lens elements each having negative power. This configuration can achieve a single-focal lens system whose entire viewing angle is wider than 100 degrees, for example, while favorably correcting various aberrations. 
     In other words, the condition (1) defines a relationship between the focal length of first lens group G 1  at the d-line and the focal length of second lens group G 2  at the d-line. 
     When fG1/fG2 is less than or equal to a lower limit (0.5) of the condition (1), the positive power of first lens group G 1  is excessively strong. Therefore, achieving such a wide angle while favorably correcting various aberrations is difficult in the single-focal lens system. 
     When fG1/fG2 is more than or equal to an upper limit (3.0) of the condition (1), the positive power of second lens group G 2  is excessively strong. Therefore, achieving downsizing while favorably correcting various aberrations is difficult in the single-focal lens system. 
     At this time, within a range of the condition (1), it is more desirable to satisfy any one of the following conditions (1a) and (1b).
 
0.55&lt; fG 1/ fG 2  (1a)
 
 fG 1/ fG 2&lt;2.5  (1b)
 
     These conditions allow the above effects to be further improved. 
     Further, within the range of the condition (1), it is more desirable to satisfy any one of the following conditions (1c) and (1d).
 
0.6&lt; fG 1/ fG 2  (1c)
 
 fG 1/ fG 2&lt;2.0  (1d)
 
     Consequently, the above-described effects are further improved. 
     In addition, the single-focal lens system in the present disclosure desirably satisfies the following condition (2), for example.
 
5.5&lt;|( L 4 R 1+ L 4 R 2)/( L 4 R 1− L 4 R 2)|&lt;20  (2)
 
     Herein, L4R1 is a radius of curvature on an object side in fourth lens element L 4 , and L4R2 is a radius of curvature on an image side in fourth lens element L 4 . 
     In other words, the condition (2) defines a ratio of a sum of the radius of curvature on the object side in fourth lens element L 4  and the radius of curvature on the image side in fourth lens element L 4  to a difference between the radius of curvature on the object side in fourth lens element L 4  and the radius of curvature on the image side in fourth lens element L 4 . 
     When |(L4R1+L4R2)/(L4R1−L4R2)| is less than or equal to a lower limit (5.5) or is more than or equal to an upper limit (20), various aberrations, particularly an astigmatism cannot sufficiently be corrected. Therefore, securing favorable optical performance is difficult in the single-focal lens system. 
     At this time, within a range of the condition (2), it is more preferable to satisfy any one of the following conditions (2a) and (2b), or both the following conditions (2a) and (2b).
 
6.0&lt;|( L 4 R 1+ L 4 R 2)/( L 4 R 1− L 4 R 2)|  (2a)
 
|( L 4 R 1+ L 4 R 2)/( L 4 R 1− L 4 R 2)|&lt;15  (2b)
 
     These conditions allow the above effects to be more improved. 
     Further, within the range of the condition (2), it is more preferable to satisfy any one of the following conditions (2c) and (2d), or both the following conditions (2c) and (2d).
 
7.0&lt;|( L 4 R 1+ L 4 R 2)/( L 4 R 1− L 4 R 2)|  (2c)
 
|( L 4 R 1+ L 4 R 2)/( L 4 R 1− L 4 R 2)|&lt;10  (2d)
 
     These conditions allow the above-mentioned effects to be more improved. 
     In addition, the single-focal lens system in the present disclosure desirably satisfies the following condition (3), for example.
 
10.5&lt;| f 4/ f|&lt; 20  (3)
 
     Herein, f4 is a focal length of fourth lens element L 4  at a d-line and f is a focal length of an entire system at the d-line. 
     In other words, the condition (3) defines a relationship between the focal length of fourth lens element L 4  at the d-line and the focal length of the entire system configuring the single-focal lens system at the d-line. 
     When |f4/f| is less than or equal to a lower limit (10.5) of the condition (3), the negative power of fourth lens element L 4  is excessively strong. Therefore, various aberrations, particularly an image surface curvature increases, whereby securing favorable optical performance is difficult in the single-focal lens system. In contrast, when |f4/f| is more than or equal to an upper limit (20) of the condition (3), the negative power of fourth lens element L 4  is excessively weak. Therefore, downsizing of the single-focal lens system is difficult. 
     At this time, within a range of the condition (3), it is more preferable to satisfy any one of the following conditions (3a) and (3b), or both the following conditions (3a) and (3b).
 
11.0&lt;| f 4/ f|   (3a)
 
| f 4/ f|&lt; 17.5  (3b)
 
     These conditions allow the above effects to be more improved. 
     Further, within the range of the condition (3), it is more preferable to satisfy any one of the following conditions (3c) and (3d), or both the following conditions (3c) and (3d).
 
11.5&lt;| f 4/ f|   (3c)
 
| f 4/ f|&lt; 15  (3d)
 
     These conditions allow the above-mentioned effects to be more improved. 
     In addition, the single-focal lens system in the present disclosure desirably satisfies the following condition (4), for example.
 
1.7&lt; ndL 3  (4)
 
     Herein, ndL3 is a refractive index of third lens element L 3  at the d-line. 
     That is, the condition (4) defines the refractive index of third lens element L 3  at the d-line. 
     When ndL3 is less than or equal to a lower limit (1.7) of the condition (4), the radius of curvature required for keeping power of third lens element L 3  is excessively small. That is, various aberrations, particularly a spherical aberration cannot sufficiently be corrected. Therefore, securing favorable optical performance is difficult in the single-focal lens system. 
     In addition, the single-focal lens system in the present disclosure desirably satisfies the following condition (5) together with the above-described condition (4), for example.
 
20&lt; vdL 3  (5)
 
     Herein, vdL3 is an Abbe number of third lens element L 3  at the d-line. 
     That is, the condition (5) defines the Abbe number of third lens element L 3  at the d-line. 
     When vdL3 is less than or equal to a lower limit (20) of the condition (5), various aberrations, particularly a chromatic aberration cannot sufficiently be corrected. Therefore, securing favorable optical performance is difficult in the single-focal lens system. 
     In addition, the single-focal lens system in the present disclosure desirably satisfies the following condition (6), for example.
 
60&lt; w   (6)
 
     Herein, w is a half angle of view. 
     The condition (6) is a condition relating to a diagonal half angle of view of the single-focal lens system. 
     When the condition (6) together with the condition (1) are satisfied, the widen angle can be achieved while maintaining excellent optical performance in the single-focal lens system. 
     For example, in the single-focal lens system in the present disclosure, a surface on the object side of second lens element L 2  desirably has a shape having an inflection point out of the optical axis. This configuration enables preferable aberration correction at both of a portion near the optical axis and a portion out of the optical axis, in second lens element L 2 . Therefore, various aberrations, particularly the image surface curvature is sufficiently corrected. As a result, favorable optical performance is secured in the single-focal lens system. 
     Fourth Exemplary Embodiment 
     An imaging device according to a fourth exemplary embodiment, which has the single-focal lens system according to the first exemplary embodiment, will be described below with reference to  FIG. 7 . The imaging device is exemplified by a camera to be mounted on a moving body that moves with, for example, a vehicle or a person. 
     Note that the imaging device may include any one of the single-focal lens systems according to the second and third exemplary embodiments instead of the single-focal lens system according to the first exemplary embodiment. 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic configuration diagram of a camera according to the fourth exemplary embodiment, which has the single-focal lens system according to the first exemplary embodiment. 
     Camera  100  as an example of the imaging device includes single-focal lens system  201 , imaging element  202 , and parallel plate P, for example. Single-focal lens system  201  forms an optical image of an object. Imaging element  202  converts the optical image formed by single-focal lens system  201  into an electrical image signal. Parallel plate P is configured with a bandpass filter that transmits, for example, only light having wavelengths of a near-infrared region (e.g., light having wavelengths from 800 nm to 1000 nm). 
     Imaging element  202  is disposed at a position of image surface S in the single-focal lens system according to the first exemplary embodiment as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . Color filters that receive light having the wavelengths of the near-infrared region are disposed in at least part or all of a plurality of pixels in imaging element  202 , respectively. 
     Camera  100  having single-focal lens system  201  is thus configured. 
     Hereinafter, a configuration in which camera  100  described above is mounted on vehicle  500  such as an automobile serving as an example of the moving body with reference to  FIG. 8 . 
       FIG. 8  is a schematic configuration view of the automobile equipped with camera  100  near a rearview mirror inside vehicle  500 . 
     Camera  100  is disposed near the rear-view mirror (not illustrated) inside vehicle  500 , while being directed to an interior. In other words, camera  100  is used as a sensing camera that images a driver and a passenger. A light-emitting diode (LED (not illustrated)) having wavelengths of the near infrared region (e.g., wavelengths from 800 nm to 1000 nm) is disposed near the rear-view mirror inside vehicle  500 . The LED emits signal light whose light-emission intensity is modulated toward the interior of vehicle  500  (e.g., toward the driver and the passenger). 
     Camera  100  captures an image of the interior of vehicle  500  as a phase delay of reflection light of the LED. The captured image is used for sensing of postures or states of the driver and the passenger (particularly, the driver), for example. 
     Specifically, controller  300  first detects, based on the image captured by camera  100 , distances to parts of the driver and the passenger that are the subjects with an area demodulation method, for example. Through this processing, distance image data including information on distances to the subjects can be obtained. 
     Next, controller  300  detects, for example, the state of the driver based on the distance image data thus obtained. Controller  300  determines whether the driver is in a state of possibly causing trouble to driving due to sleepiness or sudden illness, for example. When determining that the driver possibly causes trouble to driving, controller  300  gives the driver a warning. When the trouble to driving is not eliminated, controller  300  automatically stops vehicle  500 . This operation secures safety of the driver and the passenger. 
     In other words, single-focal lens system  201  according to the present disclosure is effective as a lens system of the imaging device such as the sensing camera. 
     Other Exemplary Embodiments 
     The technique disclosed in the present disclosure has been described above with the first to fourth exemplary embodiments as examples. 
     However, the technique in the present disclosure is not limited to these exemplary embodiments, and is also applicable to exemplary embodiments subjected to changes, replacements, additions, omissions, or the like. In addition, new exemplary embodiments can be made by combining the constituent elements described in the first to fourth exemplary embodiments. 
     Accordingly, other exemplary embodiments will be described below. 
     A lens element having substantially no power may be added as appropriate to any of the single-focal lens systems according to the first to third exemplary embodiments. 
     The lens elements having aspherical shapes in the single-focal lens systems according to the first to third exemplary embodiments may be formed by polishing or molding, for example. Further, each of the lens elements may be formed by a so-called replicated lens (a hybrid lens) in which an aspherical coating is formed on a surface of a spherical lens. 
     Note that, in the fourth exemplary embodiment, an example in which any one of the single-focal lens systems according to the first to third exemplary embodiments is applied to camera  100  configuring the imaging device serving as the sensing camera that is disposed inside vehicle  500  and detects distances to parts of the driver and the passenger has been described, but the present disclosure is not limited to this example. Camera  100  having the single-focal lens system according to the present disclosure may be applied to a sensing camera that is attached to, for example, a lower part of a side mirror (particularly, on a side opposite to the driver) of vehicle  500  and senses an object present below. With this configuration, the driver can securely recognize a person or an object present in a blind area, and can perform an avoiding operation, for example. As a result, safety when operating, for example, an automobile can further be improved. 
     Further, in the fourth exemplary embodiment, camera  100  mounted on the vehicle has been described as an example of the imaging device on which single-focal lens system  201  according to any one of the first to third exemplary embodiments is mounted, but the present disclosure is not limited to this example. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 9 , camera  100  may be embedded into image display apparatus  600  serving as an example of a moving body that moves together with an operation of a person. In other words, image display apparatus  600  detects distances to parts such as an arm of a person wearing image display apparatus  600  through camera  100  with a wide angle of view (e.g., 100 degrees). Controller  300  then processes information including the detected distances. With this configuration, in a virtual reality space, the person wearing image display apparatus  600  can acquire experience with more reality, such as grasping something. 
     NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 
     First to third numerical examples specifically performed in the configuration of the single-focal lens system of any one of the first to third exemplary embodiments will be described below with reference to  FIGS. 2, 4 , and  6 . 
     Note that in the numerical examples, the lengths in the tables are all in the unit of “mm”, and the angles of view are all in the unit of “°”. Note that the expression “angle of view” in the tables represents a diagonal half angle of view. In each numerical example, r is a radius of curvature, d is a distance between surfaces, nd is a refractive index at the d-line, vd is the Abbe number at the d-line, and n940 nm is a refractive index at a wavelength of 940 nm. Further, in the numerical examples, the surfaces marked with * are aspherical. The aspherical shape is defined by the following equation. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                       
                   
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                     ⁢ 
                     
                       Z 
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                                 1 
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     Herein, Z is a distance from a point on the aspherical surface having height h from the optical axis to a tangential plane at a peak of the aspherical surface, h is a height from the optical axis, r is a radius of curvature at the peak, κ is a conic constant, and An is an aspherical coefficient of n-th order. 
       FIGS. 2, 4, and 6  are longitudinal aberration diagrams of single-focal lens systems in the infinity focusing state according to the first to third numerical examples corresponding to the first to third exemplary embodiments, respectively. 
     In each longitudinal aberration diagram, spherical aberration (SA) (mm), astigmatism (AST) (mm), and distortion (DIS) (%) are illustrated in order from the left. 
     In the view of the SA, a vertical axis indicates an F number (denoted by “F”), a solid line indicates a characteristic with respect to a wavelength of 940 nm, a short broken line indicates a characteristic with respect to a wavelength of 960 nm, a long broken line indicates a characteristic with respect to a wavelength of 950 nm, and an alternate long and short dash line indicates a characteristic with respect to a wavelength of 930 nm. 
     In the view of the AST, the vertical axis indicates an imaged height, the solid line indicates a characteristic with respect to a sagittal plane (denoted by “s”), and the broken line indicates a characteristic with respect to a meridional plane (denoted by “m”). Note that, w represents a half angle of view. 
     In the view of the DIS, the vertical axis indicates an imaged height, and w represents a half angle of view. Here, the solid line of distortion shows an aberration, assuming Y=f·tan(w) as the ideal imaged height (Y is an imaged height, and f is a focal length of the entire system). 
     First Numerical Example 
     The first numerical example of the single-focal lens system corresponding to the first exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 1  will be described below. Specifically, as the first numerical example of the single-focal lens system, surface data is indicated in (Table 1), aspherical data is indicated in (Table 2), various pieces of data are indicated in (Table 3), and single lens data is indicated in (Table 4). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 (Surface data) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface number 
                 r 
                 d 
                 nd 
                 vd 
                 n940 nm 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Object surface 
                 ∞ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                  1 
                 27.29670 
                 1.00000 
                 1.92286 
                 20.9 
                 1.88540 
               
               
                  2 
                 4.77970 
                 0.89770 
               
               
                  3* 
                 −4.90230 
                 0.70000 
                 1.63970 
                 23.5 
                 1.61722 
               
               
                  4* 
                 9.39690 
                 1.21540 
               
               
                  5 
                 5.66680 
                 2.36000 
                 1.92286 
                 20.9 
                 1.88540 
               
               
                  6 
                 −5.66680 
                 0.10000 
               
               
                  7 (Aperture 
                 ∞ 
                 1.28680 
               
               
                 diaphragm) 
               
               
                  8* 
                 −1.76330 
                 0.70000 
                 1.63970 
                 23.5 
                 1.61722 
               
               
                  9* 
                 −2.32560 
                 0.10000 
               
               
                 10* 
                 3.51690 
                 1.64000 
                 1.63970 
                 23.5 
                 1.61722 
               
               
                 11* 
                 −8.07760 
                 1.50000 
               
               
                 12 
                 ∞ 
                 0.85000 
                 1.51680 
                 64.2 
                 1.50838 
               
               
                 13 
                 ∞ 
                 0.65000 
               
               
                 14 
                 ∞ 
                 BF 
               
               
                 Image surface 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (Aspherical data) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Third surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = −2.29866E+01, A4 = 2.42071E−02, A6 = −4.35918E−03, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 4.82298E−04 A10 = −2.54206E−05 
               
               
                   
                 Fourth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 0.00000E+00, A4 = 5.85806E−02, A6 = −8.88429E−03, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 1.88561E−03 A10 = −1.58654E−04 
               
               
                   
                 Eighth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = −3.05126E+00, A4 = −2.85608E−03, A6 = −3.05224E−03, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 2.20866E−03 A10 = −3.58299E−04 
               
               
                   
                 Ninth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = −1.89596E+00, A4 = 6.26342E−03, A6 = −3.79036E−03, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 2.07699E−03 A10 = −2.85058E−04 
               
               
                   
                 Tenth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = −4.16336E+00, A4 = −7.94771E−03, A6 = 2.28952E−03, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −2.29044E−04 A10 = 1.11058E−05 
               
               
                   
                 Eleventh surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = −2.52333E+00, A4 = −4.24414E−03, A6 = 1.56743E−04, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 1.78414E−04 A10 = −1.20409E−05 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (Various pieces of data) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Focal length 
                 1.9205 
               
               
                   
                 F number 
                 1.25207 
               
               
                   
                 Angle of view 
                 70.0000 
               
               
                   
                 Imaged height 
                 2.2228 
               
               
                   
                 Lens total length 
                 12.9999 
               
               
                   
                 BF 
                 0.00000 
               
               
                   
                 Entrance pupil position 
                 2.6251 
               
               
                   
                 Exit pupil position 
                 −9.6717 
               
               
                   
                 Front-side principal point position 
                 4.1572 
               
               
                   
                 Rear-side principal point position 
                 10.9026 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 (Single lens data) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Lens 
                 Start surface 
                 Focal length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 −6.4154 
               
               
                 2 
                 3 
                 −4.9417 
               
               
                 3 
                 5 
                 3.4111 
               
               
                 4 
                 8 
                 −22.1653 
               
               
                 5 
                 10 
                 4.0538 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Second Numerical Example 
     The second numerical example of the single-focal lens system corresponding to the second exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 3  will be described below. Specifically, as the second numerical example of the single-focal lens system, surface data is indicated in (Table 5), aspherical data is indicated in (Table 6), various pieces of data are indicated in (Table 7), and single lens data is indicated in (Table 8). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 (Surface data) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface number 
                 r 
                 d 
                 nd 
                 vd 
                 n940 nm 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Object surface 
                 ∞ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                  1 
                 16.71060 
                 1.20000 
                 1.92286 
                 20.9 
                 1.88540 
               
               
                  2 
                 3.77200 
                 2.13110 
               
               
                  3* 
                 −2.58980 
                 0.70000 
                 1.63970 
                 23.5 
                 1.61722 
               
               
                  4* 
                 −68.71550 
                 0.56140 
               
               
                  5 
                 6.44390 
                 2.85000 
                 1.92286 
                 20.9 
                 1.88540 
               
               
                  6 
                 −6.44390 
                 0.84340 
               
               
                  7 (Aperture 
                 ∞ 
                 1.83040 
               
               
                 diaphragm) 
               
               
                  8* 
                 −4.40260 
                 0.78000 
                 1.63970 
                 23.5 
                 1.61722 
               
               
                  9* 
                 −3.98130 
                 0.45240 
               
               
                 10* 
                 4.27100 
                 2.75000 
                 1.63970 
                 23.5 
                 1.61722 
               
               
                 11* 
                 −9.52520 
                 1.50000 
               
               
                 12 
                 ∞ 
                 0.85000 
                 1.51680 
                 64.2 
                 1.50838 
               
               
                 13 
                 ∞ 
                 0.65000 
               
               
                 14 
                 ∞ 
                 BF 
               
               
                 Image surface 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (Aspherical data) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Third surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = −2.29890E−01, A4 = 1.47350E−02, A6 = −1.18143E−03, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 9.16650E−05 A10 = −3.51484E−06 
               
               
                   
                 Fourth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 0.00000E+00, A4 = 1.48450E−02, A6 = −8.93228E−04, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 1.52215E−04 A10 = −8.70433E−06 
               
               
                   
                 Eighth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 5.27873E−01, A4 = −3.48421E−03, A6 = 5.11633E−04, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −2.06681E−04 A10 = 1.79126E−05 
               
               
                   
                 Ninth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 1.17790E+00, A4 = 1.02204E−03, A6 = 4.33910E−04, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −1.51959E−04 A10 = 1.59347E−05 
               
               
                   
                 Tenth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = −6.57578E+15, A4 = −2.57642E−03, A6 = 7.98163E−05, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −1.68166E−04 A10 = 1.88599E−05 
               
               
                   
                 Eleventh surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 1.28605E+00, A4 = −6.93404E−04, A6 = 2.23988E−05, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −4.06183E−05 A10 = 4.85239E−06 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (Various pieces of data) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Focal length 
                 1.8971 
               
               
                   
                 F number 
                 1.24954 
               
               
                   
                 Angle of view 
                 70.0000 
               
               
                   
                 Imaged height 
                 2.2017 
               
               
                   
                 Lens total length 
                 21.4024 
               
               
                   
                 BF 
                 0.00000 
               
               
                   
                 Entrance pupil position 
                 3.5820 
               
               
                   
                 Exit pupil position 
                 −11.4955 
               
               
                   
                 Front-side principal point position 
                 5.1586 
               
               
                   
                 Rear-side principal point position 
                 19.2378 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 (Single lens data) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Lens 
                 Start surface 
                 Focal length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 −5.5383 
               
               
                 2 
                 3 
                 −8.6422 
               
               
                 3 
                 5 
                 5.0768 
               
               
                 4 
                 8 
                 30.8691 
               
               
                 5 
                 10 
                 9.7478 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Third Numerical Example 
     The third numerical example of the single-focal lens system corresponding to the third exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 5  will be described below. Specifically, as the third numerical example of the single-focal lens system, surface data is indicated in (Table 9), aspherical data is indicated in (Table 10), various pieces of data are indicated in (Table 11), and single lens data is indicated in (Table 12). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 (Surface data) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface number 
                 r 
                 d 
                 nd 
                 vd 
                 n940 nm 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Object surface 
                 ∞ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                  1 
                 26.37850 
                 1.00000 
                 1.92286 
                 20.9 
                 1.88540 
               
               
                  2 
                 4.20360 
                 2.85350 
               
               
                  3* 
                 −4.74760 
                 1.50000 
                 1.63970 
                 23.5 
                 1.61722 
               
               
                  4* 
                 −37.75610 
                 2.18350 
               
               
                  5 
                 9.54070 
                 4.50000 
                 1.92286 
                 20.9 
                 1.88540 
               
               
                  6 
                 −7.12190 
                 0.10000 
               
               
                  7 (Aperture 
                 ∞ 
                 1.26440 
               
               
                 diaphragm) 
               
               
                  8* 
                 −5.34770 
                 1.50000 
                 1.63970 
                 23.5 
                 1.61722 
               
               
                  9* 
                 −4.66860 
                 0.39980 
               
               
                 10* 
                 4433.59410 
                 1.65000 
                 1.63970 
                 23.5 
                 1.61722 
               
               
                 11* 
                 −6.24360 
                 2.95120 
               
               
                 12 
                 ∞ 
                 0.85000 
                 1.51680 
                 64.2 
                 1.50838 
               
               
                 13 
                 ∞ 
                 0.65000 
               
               
                 14 
                 ∞ 
                 BF 
               
               
                 Image surface 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (Aspherical data) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Third surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = −2.29890E−01, A4 = 1.47350E−02, A6 = −1.18143E−03, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 9.16650E−05 A10 = −3.51484E−06 
               
               
                   
                 Fourth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 0.00000E+00, A4 = 1.48450E−02, A6 = −8.93228E−04, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 1.52215E−04 A10 = −8.70433E−06 
               
               
                   
                 Eighth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 5.27873E−01, A4 = −3.48421E−03, A6 = 5.11633E−04, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −2.06681E−04 A10 = 1.79126E−05 
               
               
                   
                 Ninth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 1.17790E+00, A4 = 1.02204E−03, A6 = 4.33910E−04, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −1.51959E−04 A10 = 1.59347E−05 
               
               
                   
                 Tenth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = −6.57578E+15, A4 = −2.57642E−03, A6 = 7.98163E−05, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −1.68166E−04 A10 = 1.88599E−05 
               
               
                   
                 Eleventh surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 1.28605E+00, A4 = −6.93404E−04, A6 = 2.23988E−05, 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −4.06183E−05 A10 = 4.85239E−06 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (Various pieces of data) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Focal length 
                 1.8971 
               
               
                   
                 F number 
                 1.24954 
               
               
                   
                 Angle of view 
                 70.0000 
               
               
                   
                 Imaged height 
                 2.2017 
               
               
                   
                 Lens total length 
                 21.4024 
               
               
                   
                 BF 
                 0.00000 
               
               
                   
                 Entrance pupil position 
                 3.5820 
               
               
                   
                 Exit pupil position 
                 −11.4955 
               
               
                   
                 Front-side principal point position 
                 5.1586 
               
               
                   
                 Rear-side principal point position 
                 19.2378 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
                     TABLE 12                  (Single lens data)                         Lens   Start surface   Focal length                                 1   1   −5.5383       2   3   −8.6422       3   5   5.0768       4   8   30.8691       5   10   9.7478                    
(Values Corresponding to Conditions)
 
     As described above, the single-focal lens system of any one of the first to third exemplary embodiments is specifically implemented in the first to third numerical examples, respectively. 
     (Table 13) below illustrates values corresponding to the above conditions (1) to (6) in each numerical example. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 13 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 First 
                 Second 
                 Third 
               
               
                   
                 numerical 
                 numerical 
                 numerical 
               
               
                   
                 example 
                 example 
                 example 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Condition (1) 
                 fG1/fG2 
                 1.254466 
                 2.932652 
                 0.523878 
               
               
                 Condition (2) 
                 |(L4R1 + L4R2)/ 
                 7.27174 
                 19.90000 
                 14.74909 
               
               
                   
                 (L4R1 − L4R2)| 
               
               
                 Condition (3) 
                 |f4/f| 
                 11.54142 
                 19.56088 
                 16.27185 
               
               
                 Condition (4) 
                 ndL3 
                 1.92286 
                 1.92286 
                 1.92286 
               
               
                 Condition (5) 
                 vdL3 
                 20.90 
                 20.90 
                 20.90 
               
               
                 Condition (6) 
                 w 
                 70.0000 
                 70.00000 
                 70.00000 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As illustrated in (Table 13), it is shown that the single-focal lens system implemented in each numerical example satisfies the conditions (1) to (6). 
     As described above, the single-focal lens system that is excellent in various aberrations, the imaging device having the single-focal lens system, and the moving body having the imaging device can be provided. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     For example, the single-focal lens system of the present disclosure can be applied to a digital still camera, a digital video camera, a camera of a cellular phone, a camera of a personal digital assistance (PDA), an on-vehicle camera, a sensing camera for measuring a distance to a subject, a surveillance camera, and a Web camera. In particular, the present disclosure is suitable for a camera that requires a wide angle lens, such as the on-vehicle camera or the surveillance camera. 
     REFERENCE MARKS IN THE DRAWINGS 
     
         
         
           
             G 1 : first lens group 
             G 2 : second lens group 
             L 1 : first lens element 
             L 2 : second lens element 
             L 3 : third lens element 
             L 4 : fourth lens element 
             L 5 : fifth lens element 
             P: parallel plate 
             A: aperture diaphragm 
             S: image surface 
               100 : camera (imaging device) 
               201 : single-focal lens system 
               202 : imaging element 
               300 : controller 
               500 : vehicle (moving body) 
               600 : image display apparatus