Patent Publication Number: US-11035114-B2

Title: Pillar fixing metal fitting

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     Present invention relates to a pillar fixing metal fitting, more precisely, relates to a pillar fixing metal fitting for fixing a pillar by joining the pillar to a horizontal member such as a foundation or a crosspiece (a beam, a girder). The present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-140963 filed in Japan on Jul. 20, 2017, which are incorporated by reference herein. 
     Description of Related Art 
     As one of construction method of wooden structure of building structure, a wooden framework construction method is known, which is a construction method simplifying and developing a traditional construction method developed in Japan from long ago. The wooden framework construction method is also called conventional construction method, and it is having a structure to support a building mainly by a framework such as a pillar and a beam, and it is a construction method having an advantage that freedom of designing is relatively high. 
     Recently, a wooden wall frame construction method is becoming popular with respect to conventional wooden framework construction method. The wooden wall frame construction method is called “Framing” in North America, but in Japan, it is so-called “two-by-four construction method (2×4 construction method)”. The wooden wall frame construction method is having a structure to support a building by walls and a floor (surface material) in which structural plywood is nailed to woods assembled in a frame shape, and it is a construction method having an advantage that surface materials half-finished in a factory can be assembled relatively easily by a field work. 
     In addition, a wooden wall frame construction method having both advantages of 2×4 construction method and conventional wooden framework construction method is also becoming popular, and it is called wooden framework panel construction method (hereinafter, referred to as “I.D.S construction method”). In this I.D.S construction method, it is necessary to self-stand pillar materials only by framework. Therefore, joints are applied at fitting parts of structural materials, and by combining these joints, closely fitted state is formed, and self-standing state was maintained. Without citing any concrete example, a protrusion for joining is provided at pillar side and a hole for joining is provided at horizontal member (foundation, beam, girder or the like) side respectively, and a joining by mutually fitting these protrusion and hole is used. 
     Recently, a drift-pin construction method is frequently used with influence of administrative guidance for strengthening earthquake resistance with respect to wooden construction house. The drift-pin construction method is a construction method for constructing wooden building by adopting drift-pin joint using metal fitting to parts for fixing a pillar, a beam, a foundation, a horizontal member and else. 
     At first, in case of conventional construction method, not only when joining a pillar and a beam, but also when joining a beam and a beam, they are fixed by inserted mutually, so a recess and a protrusion exist at either one of them. At these joined parts, even when one is inserted into other, a cross section of originally placed member will only be a part remained after processing, so the joined part will be a main weak spot. Especially, in case of a through pillar, at a joined part where beams are inserted from four directions, a member of originally placed pillar will be lost largely for holes for joining, so only a central part of the pillar remains barely. Therefore, it is indicated as first cause for a collapse of a house by earthquake that the through pillar, which was overestimated as thick and strong, will be broken by lateral vibration. 
     As second cause for a collapse of a house by earthquake, there is “drop out or fall out of joined part” by earthquake vibration. In this case, even if it is a wooden house reinforced by diagonal brace, if the diagonal brace is dropped out, it is known that it will collapse as if blocks shake and fall down. On the other hand, a purpose of a drift-pin construction method is to reduce lost cross section of a pillar and a beam, and metallic material and drift pin are configured to prevent “drop out or fall out of joined part” when receiving stress by earthquake vibration. Concretely, the joined part of the pillar and else is fixed rigidly by the metallic material with a structure that the metallic material is inserted into a groove dug at a wood to create a joint and that the drift pin is inserted into the joint. 
     In addition, even by using this drift-pin construction method, there is a case that yield strength for earthquake vibration will be decreased significantly. As first cause for decreasing earthquake-resistant strength in the drift-pin construction method, there is a case that a technique of worker executing the work is extremely low. In addition, as second cause for decreasing earthquake-resistant strength in the drift-pin construction method, there is a case that a part of a wood fixed by metallic material will be broken by drying shrinkage and else. Therefore, in the drift-pin construction method, metallic material is combined with a wood, and at the joined part fixed by the drift pin, it is possible to obtain an effect to fix the joined part of the pillar and else rigidly by the metallic material, but relatively high accuracy is required for processing a wood. In other words, the drift-pin construction method is a construction method which requires significant consideration for producing and working woods. 
     In addition, in Patent Literature 1, “Joining device for column and horizontal member” achieving accuracy of positioning, and also, improving endurance is disclosed. This is the invention to fix a joined part of a pillar rigidly by preventing drop out of the pillar from a horizontal member by a pillar fixing metal fitting with characteristic structure. As a result, it secured a rigid structure which can endure strong wind such as typhoon. In addition, as typical crosspiece (hereinafter, also called as “horizontal member”), there are a beam, a girder, a girth, a foundation and else. 
     Patent Literature 1: JP 2003-155781 A 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     However, “Joining device for column and horizontal member” of Patent Literature 1 is assuming to join one pillar such as solid wood to the horizontal member, so it is not optimized for applying to 2×4 construction method, and there was a room for improvement. In addition, there was also a room for improvement for achieving an idea to correspond to a request for securing earthquake resistant strength, a request for simplifying assembly, and a social condition that it is difficult to secure skilled workers. 
     The present invention has been invented considering the above problem, and the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fixing metal fitting which can be assembled easily and having high earthquake-resistant and wind-resistant strength and high misalignment accuracy, and which can be optimized not only for I.D.S construction method but also for 2×4 construction method by making joint fitting using joint by manual operation of skilled worker unnecessary. 
     The present invention is invented for achieving such purpose, and the invention described in claim  1  is a pillar fixing metal fitting ( 100 ,  110 ) for joining a pillar ( 300 ) to a horizontal part ( 180 ,  200 ,  280 ), comprising: a joint base ( 30 ,  31 ) in groove shape mainly composing a joint metal; a cover spacer ( 80 ,  90 ) in groove shape capable of supporting axial load of the pillar ( 300 ) by covering an open surface of the joint base ( 30 ,  31 ), wherein the joint base ( 30 ,  31 ) comprising: a plane section ( 10 ,  11 ) in rectangular shape in which bolt holes ( 18 ,  19 ) are drilled and a shape of which coincides with an end surface ( 301 ) of the pillar ( 300 ); a pair of groove walls ( 14 ,  15 ) composed of side edges of the plane section ( 10 ,  11 ) respectively bent vertically in L shape; and a joining plate ( 20 ,  21 ) standing at a height (H) surpassing the groove walls ( 14 ,  15 ) from the plane section ( 10 ,  11 ) and supported by welded part (J) contacting at least the pair of the groove walls ( 14 ,  15 ) or a groove bottom, wherein the cover spacer ( 80 ,  90 ) comprising: a plane section ( 81 ,  91 ) in rectangular shape for supporting the pillar ( 300 ) by abutting to the end surface ( 301 ) of the pillar ( 300 ); a pair of groove walls ( 82 ,  92 ) composed of side edges of the plane section ( 81 ,  91 ) respectively bent vertically in L shape; and a slit ( 83 ,  93 ) drilled such that the joining plate ( 20 ,  21 ) will be fitted into the slit ( 83 ,  93 ) when the cover spacer  80  is covering the joint base ( 30 ,  31 ), wherein in a state assembled as the joint metal, fastening bolts ( 260 ,  160 ) penetrated through or embedded in a horizontal member ( 200 ) composing the horizontal part ( 180 ,  200 ,  280 ) are penetrated through the bolt holes ( 18 ,  19 ), and the plane section ( 10 ,  11 ) of the joint base ( 30 ,  31 ) is fastened to the horizontal member ( 200 ) by nuts ( 60 ), further, the joining plate ( 20 ,  21 ) is penetrated through the slit ( 83 ,  93 ), and also, tips ( 161 ) of the fastening bolts ( 260 ,  160 ) and the nuts ( 60 ) screwed to the fastening bolts ( 260 ,  160 ) are housed in a box-shaped space ( 84 ,  94 ) surrounded by the joint base ( 30 ,  31 ) and the cover spacer ( 80 ,  90 ), the end surface ( 301 ) of the pillar ( 300 ) abuts the plane section ( 81 ,  91 ) of the cover spacer ( 80 ,  90 ), and also, the pillar ( 300 ) and the joining plate ( 20 , 21 ) fitted into a groove hole ( 308 ,  309 ) drilled at the pillar ( 300 ) are drift-pin joined by a plurality of drift pins ( 99 ). 
     In addition, the invention described in claim  2  is the pillar fixing metal fitting ( 100 ,  110 ) according to claim  1 , wherein the pillar ( 300 ) is composed of dimension lumbers ( 310 ,  320 ,  330 ) of wooden wall frame construction method (2×4 construction method) superposed plurally in thickness direction (X). 
     In addition, the invention described in claim  3  is the pillar fixing metal fitting ( 100 ) according to claim  2 , wherein fitting holes ( 1  to  3 ) for the drift pins ( 99 ) are drilled at each vertex of triangle drawable on plate surface of the joining plate ( 20 ), and penetrating through wide surfaces ( 311 ,  321 ,  331 ) of the dimension lumbers ( 310 ,  320 ,  330 ) and the joining plate ( 20 ) vertically. 
     In addition, the invention described in claim  4  is the pillar fixing metal fitting ( 110 ) according to claim  2 , wherein fitting holes ( 4  to  6 ) for the drift pins ( 99 ) are drilled at equal intervals on a straight line parallel to the plane section ( 11 ) on plate surface of the joining plate ( 21 ), and penetrating through thickness surfaces ( 312 ,  322 ,  332 ) of the dimension lumbers ( 310 ,  320 ,  330 ) and the joining plate ( 21 ) vertically. 
     In addition, the invention described in claim  5  is the pillar fixing metal fitting ( 100 ,  110 ) according to any of claims  1  to  4 , wherein the horizontal member ( 200 ) is composed of a foundation concrete ( 150 ) or a foundation ( 180 ,  280 ) mounted on the foundation concrete ( 150 ), and the fastening bolts ( 160 ) are composed of anchor bolts ( 160 ) embedded in the foundation concrete ( 150 ). 
     In addition, the invention described in claim  6  is the pillar fixing metal fitting ( 100 ,  110 ) according to any of claims  1  to  5 , wherein the plane section ( 10 ,  11 ) of the joint base ( 30 ,  31 ) arranged respectively on both upper and lower surfaces ( 281 ,  282 ) of a crosspiece ( 280 ), which is the horizontal member ( 200 ), is fastened by the fastening bolts ( 160 ) penetrating through the crosspiece ( 280 ) and the nuts screwed to the fastening bolts ( 160 ), and also, each of the joining plate ( 20 ,  21 ) of each of the joint base ( 30 ,  31 ) is drift-pin joined to respective pillar ( 300  or  360 ). 
     According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fixing metal fitting which can be assembled easily and having high earthquake-resistant and wind-resistant strength and high misalignment accuracy, and which can be optimized not only for I.D.S construction method but also for 2×4 construction method by making joint fitting using joint by manual operation of skilled worker unnecessary. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view illustrating used state of a pillar fixing metal fitting (hereinafter, also referred to as “this metal fitting”) relating to first embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view illustrating entirety of this metal fitting by extracting this metal fitting from  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view illustrating a joint base mainly composing this metal fitting illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view illustrating a cover spacer in groove shape for covering the joint base illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  is five surface drawings illustrating the joint base of  FIG. 3  in a method of projection, and  FIG. 5(A)  is a plan view,  FIG. 5(B)  is a left side view,  FIG. 5(C)  is a front view,  FIG. 5(D)  is a right side view, and  FIG. 5(E)  is a bottom view, respectively. 
         FIG. 6  is six surface drawings illustrating the cover spacer of  FIG. 4  in a method of projection, and  FIG. 6(A)  is a back view,  FIG. 6(B)  is a left side view,  FIG. 6(C)  is a plan view,  FIG. 6(D)  is a right side view,  FIG. 6(E)  is a bottom view, and  FIG. 6(F)  is a front view, respectively. 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view illustrating a state that pillars are joined to both upper and lower surfaces of a horizontal member interposed between upper and lower floors by using the metal fittings of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view illustrating used state of a pillar fixing metal fitting (hereinafter, also referred to as “this metal fitting”) relating to second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view illustrating entirety of this metal fitting by extracting this metal fitting from  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view illustrating a joint base mainly composing this metal fitting illustrated in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view illustrating a cover spacer in groove shape for covering the joint base illustrated in  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 12  is five surface drawings illustrating the joint base of  FIG. 10  in a method of projection, and  FIG. 12(A)  is a plan view,  FIG. 12(B)  is a left side view,  FIG. 12(C)  is a front view,  FIG. 12(D)  is a right side view, and  FIG. 12(E)  is a bottom view, respectively. 
         FIG. 13  is six surface drawings illustrating the cover spacer of  FIG. 11  in a method of projection, and  FIG. 13(A)  is a back view,  FIG. 13(B)  is a left side view,  FIG. 13(C)  is a plan view,  FIG. 13(D)  is a right side view,  FIG. 13(E)  is a bottom view, and  FIG. 13(F)  is a front view, respectively. 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view illustrating a state that pillars are joined to both upper and lower surfaces of a horizontal member interposed between upper and lower floors by using the metal fittings of  FIG. 8 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In below, explaining about embodiments of the present invention by referring to drawings. In addition, throughout entire drawings, repeated explanation is omitted by giving identical reference number to members having identical effect. This metal fitting is a pillar fixing metal fitting for joining a pillar to a horizontal member, wherein the pillar fixing metal fitting is applied to a drift-pin construction method. Hereinafter, explaining about first embodiment of the present invention by referring to  FIGS. 1 to 7 . 
     First Embodiment 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view illustrating used state of a pillar fixing metal fitting (hereinafter, also referred to as “this metal fitting”) relating to first embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , this metal fitting  100  is a joint metal fitting for drift-pin joining a pillar to a horizontal member in a construction method for constructing wooden building by using drift-pin construction method. Further, this metal fitting  100  is more preferably specialized for wooden wall frame construction method, i.e. two-by-four construction method (2×4 construction method), and for I.D.S construction method, i.e. wooden framework panel construction method. 
     This metal fitting  100  is composed of mainly two components at the time of distribution and sales, i.e. before used for construction. Two main components are a joint base  30  ( FIG. 3 ) and a cover spacer  80 . About other components such as drift pins  99  for fixing, fastening bolts  160 , nuts  60  fitting with the fastening bolts  160 , and washers  70 , it will be explained briefly later. 
     A horizontal member  200  is composed of a foundation concrete  150 , or a foundation  180  mounted on the foundation concrete  150 . Also, anchor bolts  160  embedded in the foundation concrete  150  function as the fastening bolts  160  for fixing this metal fitting  100  to the horizontal member. In addition, in here, a wood such as a beam not mounted on the foundation concrete  150  is also included in the horizontal member  200 . Also, a crosspiece  280  secures a volume and a strength corresponding to solid wood by superposing three dimension lumbers  210 ,  220 ,  230  of 2×4 construction method in thickness direction X. Here, as typical dimension lumber in 2×4 construction method, a dimension lumber having a section of 38 mm*89 mm is illustrated by example, but it is not limited to this dimension lumber. 
     Also, in the foundation concrete  150 , a pair of anchor bolts  160  are arranged to be protruded by embedding anchor portion. A spacing between these pair of anchor bolts  160  is preferable to be such that these pair of anchor bolts  160  penetrate only both outer side dimension lumbers  210 ,  230  of three dimension lumbers  210 ,  220 ,  230  superposed in thickness direction X, respectively penetrating the dimension lumbers  210 ,  230  in width direction Y at center of thickness direction X. 
     In addition, recently, a construction method called foundation direct coupling (hereinafter, also referred to as “foundation direct coupling construction method”), in which a pillar  300  is directly stood on a foundation concrete  150  embedded with an anchor bolt  160  without the foundation  180 , is also known. The foundation concrete  150  in this foundation direct coupling construction method is also included in the “horizontal part” of the present invention. In other words, the “horizontal part” of the present invention means a matter including the above-mentioned foundation  180 , horizontal member  200 , crosspiece  280 , and also, foundation concrete  150  in foundation direct coupling construction method. Therefore, this metal fitting can be applied to three horizontal parts, i.e. foundation concrete  150  only in foundation direct coupling, horizontal member (foundation concrete  150 +foundation  180 )  200 , and crosspiece  280  only. 
     Also, as well as the crosspiece  280 , the pillar  300  also secures a volume and a strength corresponding to solid wood by superposing three dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  of 2×4 construction method in thickness direction X. Also, as typical dimension lumber in 2×4 construction method, a dimension lumber having a section of 38 mm*89 mm is illustrated by example, but it is not limited to this dimension lumber. 
     In addition, the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  forming the pillar  300  and the dimension lumbers  210 ,  220 ,  230  forming the crosspiece  280  are illustrated by different reference numbers, but common woods by unified standards are used. As a result, it is having an effect to reduce a burden of material procurement significantly by reducing types of materials. This effect is an advantage of 2×4 construction method and I.D.S construction method, but this metal fitting  100  suitable for these construction methods functions as joint metal for exerting this effect more significantly. 
     Fitting holes  1  to  3  for the drift pins  99  are composed with hole size and position relation such that they are drilled at each vertex of regular triangle drawable on plate surface of the joining plate  20 , and penetrating through wide surfaces  311 ,  321 ,  331  of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  and the joining plate  20  vertically. In addition, penetrating holes of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 , penetrating holes of the joining plate  20 , and respective fitting hole  1  to  3  capable of fitting in each drift pin  99  by penetrating through the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  and the joining plate  20  are having identical reference numbers. 
     As mentioned above, also in wide surfaces  311 ,  321 ,  331  of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 , the fitting holes  1  to  3  for the drift pins  99  are drilled at each vertex of drawable regular triangle. As such, the fitting holes  1  to  3  are positioned at each vertex of regular triangle, so it is possible to minimize decrease of strength by lightening for an amount of the fitting holes  1  to  3 . In addition, about the above regular triangle, it is only an example and it should not be limited to the regular triangle, and it may be other general triangles. 
     When the fitting holes  1  to  3  are arranged in straight line with respect to each of wide surfaces  311 ,  321 ,  331  of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 , there is a risk to be a cause for inducing breakage, like perforations for facilitating cutting of stamps, so it is preferable to avoid arranging the fitting holes  1  to  3  in straight line. In addition, a number of the drift pins  99  is not limited to three. 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view illustrating entirety of this metal fitting by extracting this metal fitting from  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 3  is a perspective view illustrating a joint base mainly composing this metal fitting illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2 .  FIG. 4  is a perspective view illustrating a cover spacer in groove shape for covering the joint base illustrated in  FIG. 3 . This metal fitting  100  illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 3  is used as joint metal by combining a cover spacer  80  and a joint base  30  such that the cover spacer  80  covers an open surface of the joint base  30  in groove shape, after fastening the joint base  30  to the horizontal member  200  by bolt when constructing wooden building. 
     This metal fitting  100  is capable of fastening the joint base  30  to the horizontal member  200  by bolt, covering the joint base  30  with the cover spacer  80 , arranging and abutting the end surface  301  of the pillar  300  on the cover spacer  80 , and fixing the pillar  300  by supporting axial load of the pillar  300 . This cover spacer  80  is a member also formed in groove shape similar to the joint base  30 . Hereinafter, explaining in more detail about the joint base  30  and the cover spacer  80  respectively. In addition, about to connect the pillar  300  rigidly to the horizontal member  200  by self-standing the pillar  300  on the horizontal member  200 , it will be described later. 
     The joint base  30  is formed by bending sheet metal to groove shape and cutting length of the groove to a predetermined length to form a main part and welding other part to the main part, and configured to comprise a plane section  10 , a pair of groove walls  14 , and a joining plate  20 . The plane section  10  corresponds to a groove bottom of the groove shape bended to groove shape, and it is in rectangular shape coinciding with a shape of the end surface  301  of the pillar  300 . About end surface of the pillar, solid wood is often in square shape, but dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  of 2×4 construction method is having a thickness of 38 mm, and a size of the end surface  301  of the pillar  300  composed by superposing the dimension lumbers in three layers is 114 mm*89 mm and in rectangular shape. However, this is only an example, and according to application of this metal fitting  100 , the plane section  10  may be formed in square shape. In addition, a number of laminated layers of the dimension lumbers is also not limited to three layers. 
     In this plane section  10 , two bolt holes  18 ,  19  are drilled in predetermined spacing at predetermined positions along center line K in the groove shape. The pair of groove walls  14  are formed by respectively bending edges parallel to the center line K vertically with respect to the plane section  10  in L shape. The joining plate  20  is a separate part from the main part in groove shape, and arranged to stand between two bolt holes  18 ,  19  in the plane section  10  at a height H surpassing the groove walls  14 . The joining plate  20  is rigidly welded to the pair of groove walls  14  and the groove bottom positioned between the pair of groove walls  14  and supported at three sides continuously at welded part J contacting the pair of groove walls  14  and the groove bottom respectively. When there is allowance in strength, the welded part J may be configured to support at three sides discontinuously. In addition, configuration to be supported at three sides at the welded part J is only an example, and it may be supported at two sides or one side. 
     In addition, the feature that there is two bolt holes  18 ,  19  in the plane section  10  is only an example, and for example, a number of bolt holes may be one to four. In any case, it is configured such that the bolt hole drilled at the plane section  10  does not interfere with the joining plate  20 . Concretely, when there are two bolt holes  18 ,  19 , the joining plate  20  is arranged to stand at a position not interfering with a tip of respective bolt protruding from each of bolt hole and a nut fastened to a tip of respective bolt, in other words, the joining plate  20  is arranged to stand between bolts and nuts fastened to the bolts. 
     Similarly, when there are four bolt holes (not illustrated), bolt holes will be drilled at four corners of the plane section  10 , but as well as the case with two bolt holes, the joining plate  20  is arranged to stand at a position not interfering with a tip of respective bolt protruding from each of bolt hole and a nut fastened to a tip of respective bolt, in other words, the joining plate  20  is arranged to stand between bolts and nuts fastened to the bolts. Conversely, when there is one bolt hole (not illustrated), bolt hole will be drilled at a center of the plane section  10 , and the joining plate  20  in a shape to avoid interference with a bolt and a nut protruding from the bolt hole is arranged to stand by straddling a tip of the bolt and the nut fastened to the bolt. In other words, a recess is provided at corresponding position of the joining plate (unillustrated) where interference with the tip of the bolt and the nut is expected. 
     The cover spacer  80  is configured to comprise a plane section  81 , a pair of groove walls  82 , and a slit  83 . The plane section  81  is in rectangular shape for supporting the pillar  300  by abutting to the end surface  301  of the pillar  300 , and about the size of the plane section  81 , it is similar as the plane section  10  of the joint base  30 . The pair of groove walls  82  are formed by respectively bending edges of the plane section  81  vertically in L shape, and they are similar as the pair of groove walls  14  in the joint base  30 . The slit  83  is drilled considering a size of opening and a position so that the joining plate  20  can be fitted into the slit  83  when the cover spacer  80  is covering the joint base  30 . 
     Explaining about a state that this metal fitting  100  is assembled as joint metal, by using  FIGS. 1 to 4 . At first, the bolt holes  18 ,  19  are drilled at the plane section  10  of the joint base  30  of this metal fitting  100 . The fastening bolts  160  are positioned in the horizontal member  200  to be penetrated or embedded in width direction Y of the horizontal member, such that the fastening bolts  160  penetrate through the bolt holes  18 ,  19 . The joint base  30  is placed on the horizontal member  200  such that the fastening bolts  160  penetrate through the bolt holes  18 ,  19 , and fixed by fastening the bolts. 
     Next, an opening of the joint base  30  is covered by the cover spacer  80 . At this time, the joining plate  20  is penetrated through the slit  83  drilled at the plane section  81  of the cover spacer  80 . And, tips  161  of the fastening bolts  160  and the nuts  60  screwed to the fastening bolts  160  are housed in box-shaped space  84  surrounded by the joint base  30  and the cover spacer  80 . 
     In addition, as illustrated in  FIGS. 1, 2 and 7 , in a state that the cover spacer  80  is covering the joint base  30 , little gap is provided between the groove walls  82  of the cover spacer  80  and the plane section  10 . It is configured that inside of the box-shaped space  84  can be seen from this gap. Therefore, it is possible to visually confirm the tips  161  of the fastening bolts  160  and the nuts  60  screwed to the fastening bolts  160  housed in the box-shaped space  84 . As a result, when there is a defect like unfastening of the nut  60  or the like, it can be handled easily by finding the defect by visual confirmation after construction. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 3 and 5 , in this metal fitting  100 , two bolt holes  18 ,  19  are drilled in predetermined spacing along a center line K in its groove shape at the plane section  10  of the joint base  30 . Inner diameter of these bolt holes  18 ,  19  are much larger than a contour of the fastening bolts  160  penetrated through these bolt holes  18 ,  19 . In other words, large play is provided for inner diameter of the bolt holes  18 ,  19 . 
     Therefore, as a countermeasure for little error which occurs during construction, it is possible to absorb considerable error by penetrating the bolts  160  at a shifted position deviated from a center of the bolt holes  18 ,  19 . For example, inner diameter of the bolt holes  18 ,  19  may be larger than maximum outer diameter of the nuts  60 , according to condition of washers  70  mentioned below, in order to secure higher misalignment accuracy by enlarging allowable limit for absorbing an error by inclination or displacement of the anchor bolts  160  embedded in the foundation concrete  150 . 
     However, there is a risk that problem occurs to fixing strength when the bolts  160  are penetrated through the bolt holes  18 ,  19  at a shifted position displaced from a center until maximum allowable limit. In more detail, contact area of the nuts  60  with respect to peripheral surface of the bolt holes  18 ,  19  in the plane section  10  of the joint base  30  becomes unequal, so fixing strength depending on fixing friction will be decreased. As a result, there is a risk that a function of the pillar fixing metal fitting to fix the pillar  300  rigidly to the foundation or the horizontal member  200 , while increasing earthquake-resistant and wind-resistant strength and misalignment accuracy, will be impaired. 
     Here, they are fastened by the nuts  60  via the washers  70 . It is preferable that this washer  70  is rectangular parallelepiped with conditions that it is having a shape of maximum area capable of being housed in applied position with allowance, and that it is having a maximum thickness which does not hinder screwing, and that it is having (unillustrated) bolt hole with minimum diameter for letting the bolt  160  to penetrate through. Thereby, contact area of the nut  60  and the washer  70  becomes equal with respect to circumferential direction, so fixing strength depending on fixing friction can be maintained stably. However, it is not necessary to always limit to the above conditions of the washer  70 , and appropriate washer may be selected from general circular washer, square washer, circular washer with spring washer, square washer with spring washer, and other washer, and used considering availability, burden for material component management, and cost. 
     In addition, a groove hole  308  capable of receiving the joint base  30  is drilled at the pillar  300  such that the groove hole  308  is cut from the end surface  301  of the pillar  300  to axial direction. On the other hand, the joining plate  20  capable of fitting into the groove hole  308  is arranged to stand at the joint base  30 . And, the joining plate  20  of the joint base  30  is fitted into the groove hole  308  of the pillar  300 , and also, the end surface  301  of the pillar  300  is abutted to the plane section  81  of the cover spacer  80 , and the pillar  300  is arranged to stand at the horizontal member  200 . Then, the pillar  300  and the joining plate  20  fitted into the groove hole  308  drilled at the pillar  300  are drift-pin joined by three drift pins  99 . 
     As a result, the pillar  300  is fixed rigidly to the horizontal member  200  with this metal fitting  100  as the joint metal. In this way, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide the pillar fixing metal fitting  100  for rigidly joining the pillar  300  to the foundation or the horizontal member  200 , while increasing earthquake-resistant and wind-resistant strength and misalignment accuracy, and also, optimizing not only for I.D.S construction method but also for 2×4 construction method by facilitating assembly by making joint fitting using joint by manual operation of skilled worker unnecessary, also in circumstance that it is difficult to secure the skilled workers. 
     In addition, according to this metal fitting  100 , there are two following effects more excellent than conventional 2×4 construction method. At first, there is an effect that accuracy of the house will be improved. This is because the pillar  300  will be positioned to the horizontal member  200  by fitting the joining plate  20  of the joint base  30  into the groove hole  308  of the pillar  300 . Also, secondly, there is an effect that it will be easy to renovate the house. This is because the pillar (vertical member)  300  can be replaced easily, as joint between the pillar (vertical member)  300  and the horizontal member  200  can be detached easily by removing drift pins  99  from the fitting holes  1  to  3  for the drift pins  99 . 
     Next, illustrating this metal fitting  100  in a method of projection for facilitating implementation of the present invention for those who skilled in the art.  FIG. 5  is five surface drawings illustrating the joint base of  FIG. 3  in a method of projection, and FIG.  5 (A) is a plan view,  FIG. 5(B)  is a left side view,  FIG. 5(C)  is a front view,  FIG. 5(D)  is a right side view, and  FIG. 5(E)  is a bottom view, respectively. 
       FIG. 6  is six surface drawings illustrating the cover spacer of  FIG. 4  in a method of projection, and  FIG. 6(A)  is a back view,  FIG. 6(B)  is a left side view,  FIG. 6(C)  is a plan view,  FIG. 6(D)  is a right side view,  FIG. 6(E)  is a bottom view, and  FIG. 6(F)  is a front view, respectively. In addition, a shape, a pattern or combination thereof of articles (including part of article) composing this metal fitting  100  illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 6  creates aesthetic impression visually. 
     Next, explaining that strength equal to or more than strength of through pillar can be obtained by this metal fitting  100 .  FIG. 7  is a perspective view illustrating a state that pillars are joined to both upper and lower surfaces of a horizontal member interposed between upper and lower floors by using the metal fittings of  FIG. 1 . As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , two sets of the metal fittings  100  are used and connected between an upper pillar  300  and a lower pillar  360  via a crosspiece  280 . By this connecting figuration, it is possible to obtain strength equal to or more than strength when through pillar over upper and lower floors is used. The pillar fixing metal fittings  100  are configured such that the plane sections  10  of the joint bases  30  respectively arranged at upper and lower surfaces  281 ,  282  of the crosspiece  280 , which is a horizontal member  200 , are fastened by fastening bolts  260  penetrated through the crosspiece  280  and nuts  60  screwed to the fastening bolts  260 , and also, each joining plate  20  of each joint base  30  is drift-pin joined to respective pillar  300  or  360 . 
     The upper pillar  300  and the lower pillar  360  are not through pillar and joined via the crosspiece  280 . In the conventional construction method, these joined parts have been indicated as worst weak point, as first cause for a house to collapse by earthquake, and even if it is a through pillar, it is a weak point to the extent that the through pillar will be broken by lateral vibration. Here, as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , through pillar is not used, and by using two sets of the metal fittings  100 , the upper pillar  300  and the lower pillar  360  are connected via the crosspiece  280  in between the upper pillar  300  and the lower pillar  360 . By this connecting figuration, it is possible to obtain strength equal to or more than strength of connecting figuration using through pillar over upper and lower floors. 
     The through pillar in conventional construction method will be weakened as material of the pillar is significantly cut out for a hole for joining in the joined part configured to insert the crosspiece  280  such as a beam laterally. On the other hand, according to connecting figuration using the metal fittings  100  as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the upper pillar  300  and the lower pillar  360  are joined mutually and integrally by the drift pins  99  fitted into the fitting holes  1  to  3  of the joining plate  20  fitted into respective groove hole  308 . As a result, the joined part totally moves (vibrates) similar to earthquake vibration with respect to external force, so it is possible to obtain connecting figuration of upper and lower pillars excellent in yield strength. 
     Second Embodiment 
     Explaining about second embodiment of the present invention by referring to  FIGS. 8 to 14 .  FIG. 8  is a perspective view illustrating used state of a pillar fixing metal fitting (this metal fitting) relating to second embodiment of the present invention. This metal fitting  110  of second embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 8  is similar to this metal fitting  100  of first embodiment explained using  FIGS. 1 to 7 , so explanation about common configuration, function and effect is mostly omitted. In addition, main advantage common in both embodiments is a point that it is suitable not only for I.D.S construction method, but also for 2×4 construction method. Especially, both embodiments are optimized for joining the pillar  300  composed of three dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  of 2×4 construction method superposed in thickness direction X and the crosspiece  280  composed of three dimension lumbers  210 ,  220 ,  230  of 2×4 construction method superposed in thickness direction X. 
     Difference between both embodiments is angular setting between superposing direction of the pillar  300  composed by superposing three dimension lumbers and the joining plate  20 ,  21 . The superposing direction of the pillar  300  is thickness direction X of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 . About angular setting of the joining plate  20 ,  21  with respect to the superposing direction of the pillar  300 , the joining plate  20  of this metal fitting  100  of first embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1  is being orthogonal to the thickness direction X, but the joining plate  21  of this metal fitting  110  of second embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 8  is being parallel to the thickness direction X. In other words, the joining plate  20  of this metal fitting  100  of first embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1  is being parallel to wide surfaces  311 ,  321 ,  331  of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 , but the joining plate  21  of this metal fitting  110  of second embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 8  is being orthogonal to wide surfaces of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 . 
     In addition, the groove hole  308 ,  309  for fitting in the joining plate  20 ,  21  is previously drilled in axial direction from the end surface  301  ( FIG. 8 ) of the pillar  300 . Also, regarding to these groove holes  308 ,  309 , the groove hole  308  of first embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1  is being orthogonal to the thickness direction X of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 , but being parallel to the wide surface  311 ,  321 ,  331 . On the other hand, the groove hole  309  of second embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 8  is being parallel to the thickness direction X of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 , but being orthogonal to the wide surface. 
     The groove hole  308  of first embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1  is only drilled at one dimension lumber  320  positioned at intermediate layer among three superposed dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 . This groove hole  308  is drilled at center position of thickness of the dimension lumber  320  parallel to the wide surface  321  of the dimension lumber  320 . Therefore, the joining plate  20  fitted into the groove hole  308  directly contacts only with one dimension lumber  320 . In addition, in the pillar  300 , the dimension lumber  320  of intermediate layer is held between the dimension lumbers  310 ,  330  of both side layers such that the wide surfaces  311 ,  321 ,  331  are adhered to each other. As a result, three layers of dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  are integrated with the joining plate  20  as a center via the drift pins  99  fitted into the fitting holes  1  to  3  penetrating the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  entirely in thickness direction X, and also, the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  are joined integrally to the horizontal member  200 . 
     On the other hand, the groove hole  309  of second embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 8  is drilled over all three layers of dimension lumber  310 ,  320 ,  330  at center position of width direction Y of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 . Therefore, the joining plate  21  fitted into the groove hole  309  directly contacts over all three layers of dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 . And, three layers of dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  are joined such that three layers of dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  continuously straddle the joining plate  21  at center position of the width direction Y respectively. In addition, fitting holes  4  to  6  are drilled at each layer at equal distance from the plane section  11 , at approximate center position of thickness direction X in each thickness surface  312 ,  322 ,  332  of three layers of dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 . 
     These fitting holes  4  to  6  are penetrated through each layer while intervening the joining plate  21 . Therefore, each of three layers of dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  can obtain rigid joining strength with respect to the joining plate  21  independently via the drift pins  99  respectively fitted into the fitting holes  4  to  6 . In addition, three layers of dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  are integrated via the joining plate  21 , and also, the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  are joined integrally to the horizontal member  200 . As a result, an effect that it will be strong also for a stress in a direction to separate or detach three layers of dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 . Therefore, this metal fitting  110  is suitable for 2×4 construction method. 
       FIG. 9  is a perspective view illustrating entirety of this metal fitting  110  by extracting this metal fitting  110  from  FIG. 8 .  FIG. 10  is a perspective view illustrating a joint base  31  mainly composing this metal fitting  110  illustrated in  FIGS. 8 and 9 .  FIG. 11  is a perspective view illustrating a cover spacer  90  in groove shape for covering the joint base  31  illustrated in  FIG. 10 . This metal fitting  110  illustrated in  FIGS. 8 to 11  is used as joint metal by combining the cover spacer  90  and the joint base  31  such that the cover spacer  90  covers an open surface of the joint base  31  in groove shape when constructing wooden building. 
     In addition, illustrating this metal fitting  110  in a method of projection for facilitating implementation of the present invention for those who skilled in the art.  FIG. 12  is five surface drawings illustrating the joint base  31  of  FIG. 10  in a method of projection, and  FIG. 12(A)  is a plan view,  FIG. 12(B)  is a left side view,  FIG. 12(C)  is a front view,  FIG. 12(D)  is a right side view, and  FIG. 12(E)  is a bottom view, respectively. 
       FIG. 13  is six surface drawings illustrating the cover spacer  90  of  FIG. 11  in a method of projection, and  FIG. 13(A)  is a back view,  FIG. 13(B)  is a left side view,  FIG. 13(C)  is a plan view,  FIG. 13(D)  is a right side view,  FIG. 13(E)  is a bottom view, and  FIG. 13(F)  is a front view, respectively. In addition, a shape, a pattern or combination thereof of articles (including part of article) composing this metal fitting  110  illustrated in  FIGS. 8 to 13  creates aesthetic impression visually. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 9 to 13 , the cover spacer  90  is configured to comprise a plane section  91 , a pair of groove walls  92 , and a slit  93 . The plane section  91  is in rectangular shape for supporting the pillar  300  by abutting to the end surface  301  ( FIG. 8 ) of the pillar  300 , and about the size of the plane section  91 , it is similar as a plane section  11  of the joint base  31  ( FIGS. 9 and 10 ). The pair of groove walls  92  is formed by respectively bending edges of the plane section  91  vertically in L shape, and they are similar as a pair of groove walls  15  in the joint base  31 . The slit  93  is drilled considering a size of opening and a position so that the joining plate  21  can be fitted into the slit  93  when the cover spacer  90  is covering the joint base  31 . 
     The pillar fixing metal fitting  110  is a joint metal for joining the pillar  300  and the horizontal member  200 , and it is configured to use by combining the joint base  31  in groove shape and the cover spacer  90  in groove shape. The joint base  31  mainly composes the joint metal. The cover spacer  90  covers an open surface of the joint base  31  and formed with strength capable of supporting axial load of the pillar  300 . 
     The joint base  31  ( FIG. 10 ) is configured to comprise a plane section  11  in rectangular shape, a pair of groove walls  15 , and a joining plate  21 . The plane section  11  in rectangular shape coincides with a shape of the end surface  301  ( FIG. 8 ) of the pillar  300 , and two bolt holes  18 ,  19  are drilled in predetermined spacing on a center line K in groove shape of the plane section  11 , and the plane section  11  is fastened to the horizontal member  200  in a state abutted to the horizontal member  200 . The pair of groove walls  15  are formed by respectively bending edges parallel to the center line K vertically with respect to the plane section  11  in L shape. The joining plate  21  is configured to be supported at three sides continuously or discontinuously at welded part J contacting the pair of groove walls  15  and the groove bottom respectively. In addition, configuration to be supported at three sides at the welded part J is only an example, and it may be supported at two sides or one side. This joining plate  21  is arranged to stand between two bolt holes  18 ,  19  in the plane section  11  at a height H surpassing the groove walls  15 . 
     The cover spacer  90  is configured to comprise a plane section  91  in rectangular shape, a pair of groove walls  92 , and a slit  93 . The slit  93  is drilled such that the joining plate  21  can be fitted into the slit  93  when the cover spacer  90  is covering the joint base  31 . The plane section  91  in rectangular shape is configured to support the pillar  300  by abutting to the end surface  301  ( FIG. 8 ) of the pillar  300 . The pair of groove walls  92  are formed by respectively bending edges of the plane section  91  vertically in L shape. 
     In a state assembled as joint metal, the joint base  31  ( FIG. 10 ) is fastened to the horizontal member  200  by bolt, and the end surface  301  ( FIG. 8 ) of the pillar  300  is abutted on the cover spacer  90  covering the joint base  31 , and the joining plate  21  standing from the joint base  31  and the pillar  300  are fixed by drift-pin joint with three drift pins  99 . More precisely, it is as follows. 
     At first, the fastening bolts  260 ,  160  penetrating or embedded to the horizontal member  200  penetrates through the bolt holes  18 ,  19 , and the plane section  11  of the joint base  31  is fastened to the horizontal member  200  by the nuts  60 . The cover spacer  90  covers an open surface of the joint base  31 . At this time, the joining plate  21  is penetrated into the slit  93 , and also, tips  161  of the fastening bolts  260 ,  160  and the nuts  60  screwed to the fastening bolts  260 ,  160  are housed in box-shaped space  94  surrounded by the joint base  31  and the cover spacer  90 . 
     Further, the pillar  300  is arranged to stand on the cover spacer  90  covering the joint base  31  such that the end surface  301  ( FIG. 8 ) of the pillar  300  is abutted on the cover spacer  90 . More precisely, the groove hole  309  is drilled to cut into axial direction from the end surface  301  of the pillar  300 . On the other hand, the joining plate  21  is arranged to stand on the joint base  31  ( FIGS. 9 and 10 ). And, the joining plate  21  of the joint base  31  is fitted into the groove hole  309  of the pillar  300 , and also, the end surface  301  of the pillar  300  is abutted to the plane section  91  of the cover spacer  90 , so the pillar  300  will be arranged to stand on the horizontal member  200 . Then, the pillar  300  and the joining plate  21  fitted into the groove hole  309  drilled at the pillar  300  are drift-pin joined by three drift pins  99 . 
     Next, explaining about difference of both embodiments by comparing  FIGS. 1 and 8  illustrating respective perspective view of used state of both embodiments. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , in this metal fitting  100  relating to first embodiment, the fitting holes  1  to  3  for the drift pins  99  are set to a hole size and a position relation such that the fitting holes  1  to  3  are drilled at each vertex of triangle drawable on plate surface of the joining plate  20 , and penetrating through wide surfaces  311 ,  321 ,  331  of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  in thickness direction X, and also, penetrating through the joining plate  20  vertically. In other words, in this metal fitting  100  relating to the first embodiment, about arrangement of three fitting holes  1  to  3 , by arranging three fitting holes  1  to  3  at each vertex of regular triangle in one plate surface, a strength is maintained even if three fitting holes  1  to  3  are drilled close to each other. In addition, about the above regular triangle, it is only an example and it should not be limited to the regular triangle, and it may be other general triangles. 
     On the other hand, as illustrated in  FIG. 8 , in this metal fitting  110  relating to second embodiment, the fitting holes  4  to  6  for the drift pins  99  are set to a hole size and a position relation such that the fitting holes  4  to  6  are drilled at equal intervals on a straight line parallel to the plane section  11  on plate surface of the joining plate  21 , and penetrating through thickness surfaces  312 ,  322 ,  332  of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330  respectively in width direction Y, and also, penetrating through the joining plate  21  vertically. In other words, in this metal fitting  110  relating to second embodiment, even if three fitting holes  4  to  6  are arranged in straight line close to each other, only one fitting hole  4  to  6  is drilled at one dimension lumber  310 ,  320 ,  330  and there is no continuity, so it will not be a cause for inducing breakage such as perforations of stamp. 
     Therefore, in this metal fitting  110  relating to second embodiment, it is possible to freely select an arrangement excellent in drilling activity with respect to both plate surface of the joining plate  21  and respective thickness surface  312 ,  322 ,  332  of the dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 . Therefore, the fitting holes  4  to  6  for the drift pins  99  are drilled at equal intervals on a straight line parallel to the plane section  11  on plate surface of the joining plate  21 . In addition, correspondingly, the fitting holes  4  to  6  are drilled at equal distance from the plane section  11 , at approximate center position of thickness direction X in each thickness surface  312 ,  322 ,  332  of dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 . In addition, arrangement for drilling the fitting holes  4  to  6  may not be always in straight line parallel to the plane section  11  on plate surface of the joining plate  21 . 
     Next, by this metal fitting  110 , explaining that strength equal to or more than strength of through pillar can be obtained.  FIG. 14  is a perspective view illustrating a state that pillars are joined to both upper and lower surfaces of a horizontal member interposed between upper and lower floors by using the metal fittings of  FIG. 8 . As illustrated in  FIG. 14 , two sets of the metal fittings  110  are used and connected via the crosspiece  280  between the upper pillar  300  and the lower pillar  360 . By this connecting figuration, it is possible to obtain strength equal to or more than strength when through pillar over upper and lower floors is used. The pillar fixing metal fittings  110  are configured such that the plane sections  11  of the joint bases  31  respectively arranged at both upper and lower surfaces  281 ,  282  of the crosspiece  280 , which is a horizontal member  200 , are fastened by fastening bolts  260  penetrated through the crosspiece  280  and nuts  60  screwed to the fastening bolts  260 , and also, each joining plate  21  of each joint base  31  is drift-pin joined to respective pillar  300  or  360 . 
     About an effect that it is possible to obtain strength equal to or more than strength of connecting figuration using through pillar over upper and lower floors by the connecting figuration illustrated in  FIG. 14 , it is same as this metal fitting  100  relating to first embodiment explained using  FIG. 7 . As a result, the joined part totally moves (vibrates) similar to earthquake vibration with respect to external force, so it is possible to obtain connecting figuration of upper and lower pillars excellent in yield strength. This effect is also same as this metal fitting  100  relating to first embodiment. 
     As explained in the above, this metal fitting  110  relating to second embodiment can be assembled easily and can increase earthquake-resistant and wind-resistant strength and misalignment accuracy, and also, can be optimized not only for I.D.S construction method but also for 2×4 construction method by making joint fitting using joint by manual operation of skilled worker unnecessary, as well as this metal fitting  100  relating to first embodiment. 
     The pillar fixing metal fitting relating to the present invention can be adopted as joint metal for joining the pillar to the horizontal member in wooden building in a circumstance that it is difficult to secure the skilled workers who can perform high quality joint working efficiently, or in an area there is no wood working plant or equivalent facility for performing precise joint working. Especially, it is suitable to be adopted for 2×4 construction method and I.D.S construction method. 
     GLOSSARY OF DRAWING REFERENCES 
     
         
           1  to  6  Fitting holes (for drift pins  99 ) 
           10 ,  11  Plane section (of joint base  30 ,  31 ) 
           14 ,  15 ,  82 ,  92  Groove walls 
           18 ,  19  Bolt holes (of plane section  10 ) 
           20 ,  21  Joining plate (of joint base  30 ,  31 ) 
           30 ,  31  Joint base 
           60  Nut 
           70  Washer 
           80 ,  90  Cover spacer 
           81 ,  91  Plane section (of cover spacer  80 ,  90 ) 
           83 ,  93  Slit 
           84 ,  94  Box-shaped space 
           99  Drift pin 
           100 ,  110  Pillar fixing metal fitting 
           150  Foundation concrete 
           160  Fastening bolt or anchor bolt (embedded in foundation concrete  150 ) 
           161  Tip (of fastening bolt  160 ,  260 ) 
           180  Foundation (horizontal part) 
           200  Horizontal member (horizontal part) 
           210 ,  220 ,  230  Dimension lumbers (of 2×4 construction method forming crosspiece  280 ) 
           260  Fastening bolt (penetrating through crosspiece  280 ) 
           280  Crosspiece (horizontal part) 
           281 ,  282  Upper and lower surfaces (of crosspiece  280 ) 
           300 ,  360  Pillar 
           301  End surface (of pillar  300 ) 
           310 ,  320 ,  330  Dimension lumbers (of 2×4 construction method forming pillar  300 ) 
           308 ,  309  Groove hole (drilled at pillar  300 ) 
           311 ,  321 ,  331  Wide surface (of dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 ) 
           312 ,  322 ,  332  Thickness surface (of dimension lumbers  310 ,  320 ,  330 ) 
         H Height (of joining plate  20 ) 
         J Welded Part 
         K Center line 
         X Thickness direction 
         Y Width direction (of respective dimension lumber  310 ,  320 ,  330  forming pillar  300 )