Patent Publication Number: US-2023145036-A1

Title: Vehicular rear backup system

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation of U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 17/659,503, filed Apr. 18, 2022, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,508,160, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 17/248,946, filed Feb. 15, 2021, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,308,718, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 16/724,484, filed Dec. 23, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,922,563, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 16/117,172, filed Aug. 30, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,515,279, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 13/894,870, filed May 15, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,089,537, which claims the filing benefit of U.S. Provisional applications, Ser. No. 61/699,498, filed Sep. 11, 2012, Ser. No. 61/682,486, filed Aug. 13, 2012, and Ser. No. 61/648,744, filed May 18, 2012, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to imaging systems or vision systems for vehicles. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Use of imaging sensors in vehicle imaging systems is common and known. Examples of such known systems are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,949,331; 5,670,935 and/or 5,550,677, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a vision system or imaging system for a vehicle that utilizes two or more cameras to capture images exterior of the vehicle (such as forwardly and rearwardly of the vehicle), and provides the communication/data signals, including camera data or image data, that may be displayed at a display screen that is viewable by the driver of the vehicle, such as when the driver is backing up the vehicle, and that may be processed and, responsive to such image processing, the system may detect an object at or near the vehicle and in the path of travel of the vehicle, such as when the vehicle is backing up. The vision system may be operable to display a surround view or bird’s eye view of the environment at or around or at least partially surrounding the subject or equipped vehicle. 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, a vision system for a vehicle includes multiple cameras or image sensors disposed at a vehicle and having respective fields of view exterior of the vehicle, and an image processor operable to process data transmitted by the cameras. The vision system includes a forward facing camera module (having image processing circuitry incorporated therein) and a rearward facing vision camera (for capturing video image data that is displayed on a display of the vehicle for viewing by the driver of the vehicle during a reversing maneuver). The video output of the rearward facing vision camera is fed to the forward facing camera module and to the display, so the video images can be viewed by the driver of the vehicle and can be processed by an image processor of the forward facing camera module. The video image data captured by the rearward facing camera may be fed to an amplifier of the forward facing camera module and an output of the amplifier is fed to a decoder of the forward facing camera module and an output of the decoder is fed to the image processor of the forward facing camera module. The vision system may provide a variety of functions by utilizing captured image data from one or more of the cameras at the vehicle, such as a forward facing camera, a rearward facing camera, side view cameras and/or a forward facing windshield mounted camera (having a field of view through the windshield of the vehicle). 
     These and other objects, advantages, purposes and features of the present invention will become apparent upon review of the following specification in conjunction with the drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a plan view of a vehicle with a vision system and imaging sensors or cameras that provide exterior fields of view in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic of a vision system of the present invention; 
         FIG.  3    is a schematic of another vision system of the present invention; 
         FIG.  4    is a schematic of another vision system of the present invention; 
         FIG.  5    is a plan view of a vehicle with a vision system and cameras of the present invention; 
         FIG.  6    is a schematic of a vehicle with a vision system and automatic braking control of the present invention; 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic of another vehicle vision system of the present invention; 
         FIG.  8    is a plan view and schematic of a vehicle with a vision system that provides various features in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG.  9    is a perspective view of a bicyclist detected by the vision system of the present invention; 
         FIG.  10    is a plan view of a vehicle with a vision system that detects objects approaching from the rear to limit the vehicle occupant from opening the vehicle door into the path of the object; 
         FIG.  11    is an image showing a rear pedestrian detection function of the vision system of the present invention; 
         FIG.  12    is an image showing a rear object detection function of the vision system of the present invention; 
         FIG.  13    is an image showing a side cross traffic detection function of the vision system of the present invention; 
         FIGS.  14  and  15    show aspects of an adaptive emergency braking system of the vision system of the present invention; 
         FIG.  16    is an image showing a rear lane marker detection function of the vision system of the present invention; 
         FIGS.  17  and  18    are images showing different views based on images captured by a rear camera of the vision system of the present invention; and 
         FIG.  19    is a schematic of another vehicle vision system of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A vehicle vision system and/or driver assist system and/or object detection system and/or alert system operates to capture images exterior of the vehicle and may process the captured image data to display images and to detect objects at or near the vehicle and in the predicted path of the vehicle, such as to assist a driver of the vehicle in maneuvering the vehicle in a rearward direction. The vision system includes a processor that is operable to receive image data from the vehicle cameras and may provide a displayed image that is representative of the subject vehicle (such as for a top down or bird’s eye or surround view, such as discussed below). The vision and display system may utilize aspects of the systems described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,855,755 and U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 12/405,558, filed Mar. 17, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,019,090, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     Referring now to the drawings and the illustrative embodiments depicted therein, a vehicle  10  includes an imaging system or vision system  12  that includes at least one exterior facing imaging sensor or camera, such as a rearward facing imaging sensor or camera  14   a  (and the system may optionally include multiple exterior facing imaging sensors or cameras, such as a forwardly facing camera  14   b  at the front (or at the windshield) of the vehicle, and a sidewardly/rearwardly facing camera  14   c ,  14   b  at respective sides of the vehicle), which captures images exterior of the vehicle, with the camera having a lens for focusing images at or onto an imaging array or imaging plane or imager of the camera ( FIG.  1   ). The vision system  12  includes a control or processor  18  that is operable to process image data captured by the cameras and may provide displayed images at a display device  16  for viewing by the driver of the vehicle (although shown in  FIG.  1    as being part of or incorporated in or at an interior rearview mirror assembly  20  of the vehicle, the control and/or the display device may be disposed elsewhere at or in the vehicle). 
     The present invention provides a vehicle vision system that integrates the front and rear cameras. For example, a video line or feed from a rearward facing camera may be fed to a front camera module or FCM (that includes a forward facing imager and associated circuitry). Optionally, and as shown in  FIG.  2   , a rear camera may have a video and ground line connected to or in communication with a decoder (such as an NTSC decoder) of a front camera module. The front camera module includes the decoder and an encoder (such as an NTSC encoder) and an image processor. For example, the image processor may comprise an EYEQ2 image processing chip available from Mobileye Vision Technologies Ltd. of Jerusalem, Israel, and may include object detection software (such as the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,855,755; 7,720,580 and/or 7,038,577, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties), and may analyze image data to detect objects. The power or Vcc line and the Ground line of the rear camera may connect to a display element or module of the vehicle, and the display is in communication with the encoder of the front camera module, as shown in  FIG.  2   . Thus, the rear camera video feeds into the front camera module decoder and the decoder feeds decoded video to the image processor or EYEQ2 processor, which may process the image data to detect objects or the like, and the decoder and/or processor may feed an output to the encoder, which feeds the encoded signal to the display for displaying video images derived from image data captured by at least the rearward facing camera (and optionally video images derived from image data captured by the forward facing camera and/or one or more sideward facing cameras of the vehicle, such as for a surround view vision system or the like). 
     Optionally, and as shown in  FIG.  3   , a rear camera may be in communication with an amplifier of a front camera module, which feeds video to the FCM decoder, which feeds the video to the image processor. The rear video thus feeds video to the FCM, and an internal splice in the FCM provides a video line to the display, while the amplifier isolates the video from the FCM and feeds video to the decoder, which feeds the video into the image processor. Such a configuration provides the camera integration without a change to the rear camera or to the display, and without need for an encoder (thus reducing the cost of the system). 
     Optionally, and with reference to  FIG.  4   , a rear camera video output may be fed to a video splitter, which feeds the video to both the forward camera module and the display. Such a configuration provides the camera integration with no change to the rear camera or to the display, and with fewer pins or terminals at the FCM and less or reduced space requirements in the FCM. 
     Optionally, a second video output may be added to the rear camera, which may provide a vision system with no change to the display, and with fewer pins or terminals at the FCM and less or reduced space requirements in the FCM. Optionally, a video splitter / pass-through may be added to the display, which may provide a vision system with no change to the rear camera, and with fewer pins or terminals at the FCM and less or reduced space requirements in the FCM. 
     Optionally, the vision system of the present invention may combine image and machine vision, such as when computing power is available for image processing of the captured images. The combination of image vision cameras (that capture images for displaying images to be viewed by the driver of the vehicle) and machine vision processing (that processes image data to provide various features) allows for additional features. Optionally, and with reference to  FIGS.  5 - 8   , the vision system may be associated with an emergency braking system of the vehicle and may provide different braking responses or functions depending on the environment in which the vehicle is driven. For example, different braking control may be provided between city speed driving, urban speed driving and when a pedestrian is detected. As shown in  FIG.  8   , the vision system may provide various features and different types of braking (responsive to different image processing) depending on the driving environment and whether a vehicle or pedestrian is detected by the vision system. 
     Optionally, and such as discussed above, the vision system of the present invention may have a rearward facing camera (such as an imaging camera for capturing video images for displaying at a display) video output fed as a video input to a machine vision forward camera (with image processing capabilities). Optionally, the machine vision processor may be part of the front camera or may be located at a central ECU of a surround view system (such as shown in  FIG.  7   ). As shown in  FIG.  7   , the surround view system includes four cameras having forward, rearward and sideward fields of view, and one windshield mounted camera (having a forward field of view through the windshield of the vehicle), with a central ECU having five camera inputs and one display output. 
     Such a system may provide various features. For example, the system may be operable (utilizing image data captured by the windshield mounted camera and the exterior forward (such as grille mounted) camera) to detect bicyclists traveling along a side region of the road on which the subject vehicle is traveling (such as along a designated bike lane or the like along a side portion of the road surface). The forward camera provides a wider field of view (such as can be seen in  FIG.  8   ) to detect crossing bicycles that are relevant for impact while the vehicle is driven at low speeds. For example, and with reference to  FIG.  9   , when the vehicle speed is around 10 m/s or thereabouts, the system may be operable to detect the bicycle traveling about 10 m/s at about a 45 degree angle forward and to the side of the vehicle. 
     Optionally, the vision system may provide a door opening protection feature or function, such as by detecting (via processing image data captured by the sideview camera at each side of the vehicle) an object or vehicle or bicycle approaching from the rear of the subject vehicle (and when the subject vehicle is parked or not moving), and generating an alert (or locking the vehicle door or precluding opening of the vehicle door) if the system determines that the approaching object may hit the vehicle door if the door were opened. For example, and with reference to  FIG.  10   , if the vision system detects the approaching bicyclist at and to the rear and side of the parked or non-moving subject vehicle, the system may alert the driver and/or passenger of the vehicle to not open the door at that side of the vehicle or may temporarily lock or limit opening of the vehicle door at that side of the vehicle until the detected object passes the door and is no longer a potential threat of impact. 
     Optionally, the vision system may provide a child presence detection feature or function. For example, the system may detect the presence of a child (such as via processing of image data captured by the front grille camera, the side view cameras and/or the rear camera) and may generate an alert or warning if a child is determined to be present in proximity of the vehicle, optionally even if the child is not in the path of travel of the vehicle and optionally even if the vehicle is not moving. Optionally, such a system may be specific to detection of children (such as by size of the detected person or the like), and not pedestrians in general. 
     Optionally, the vision system of the present invention may provide other features, such as, for example, blind spot detection function (to limit or prevent accidents during lane change maneuvers), an onramp assist function (to predict whether car can accelerate enough to merge with existing traffic before the end of the onramp), a low speed CMB/pedestrians function (with a wider field of view to detect pedestrians that are relevant for impact while driving at very low speeds (such as around 1-2 m/s or thereabouts or more or less), a prevent running red lights function (such as by generating an alert and/or optionally braking the vehicle), an alert to go when a traffic light changes to green, an automatic cruise control (ACC) automatic go in a stop and go ACC (such as for city driving conditions/environments), a traffic jam assist function (providing lateral and longitudinal control in traffic jam scenarios (low speed, controlled access road)), an enhanced automatic emergency braking (AEB) function based on rear traffic (optionally, for example, overriding or not braking or delaying braking if rear traffic is present), a better lane detection function in low sun or low lighting conditions (with improved availability of lane information such as, for example, for LKA, LDW and the like), a full autonomous driving function including autonomous lane change to overtake slower cars, construction area driving and lane merges, an autonomous pull-over maneuver function in case of an incapacitated and/or unresponsive driver, an automatic trailer hookup function (which is operable to guide the vehicle to a trailer), a trailer backup function (which is operable to automatically steer the vehicle based on a driver selected trajectory), an automatic parking (parallel, perpendicular) function with drive in control of longitudinal movement, an autonomous / remote controlled parking (parallel, perpendicular) function, a traffic sign recognition (TSR) extension to height limitation signs, a parking path height detection function, an AEB function during a reversing or backup maneuver, a traffic sign recognition (TSR) to set ACC speed (so as to provide a speed limiter function or the like), a ball detection function, a pedestrian impact detection function to activate active a pedpro system (such as to use a camera to replace an existing sensor or in addition to another impact sensor), a road friction estimation function (such as for determining if the vehicle is traveling on snow, gravel, ice or the like) to adjust the AEB thresholds and/or curve speed warning, a pothole depth and speed bump height estimation function for an active suspension control, a read license plate of preceding / following vehicle function (such as, for example, for Amber Alert notifications and the like), a curb detection / warning if a curb is too high to drive onto (such as if the vehicle is being driven towards a curb, so as to limit or prevent damage to the wheels or rims of the vehicle), an application of 3D information to parking situations function, a perspective correction function for a more accurate birds eye view (more realistic image), an ACC function that limits or precludes acceleration of the subject vehicle when the subject vehicle is being overtaken by another vehicle, and/or a lighting control function (such as providing an adjust lighting decision based on knowledge or other car overtaking of driving parallel to the subject vehicle, and/or the like. 
     Optionally, the vision system of the present invention may be operable to provide various functions. For example, the vision system may operate with or be associated with an adaptive automatic emergency braking (AEB) system of the vehicle, such that, when the subject vehicle determines that braking is desired or appropriate, the subject vehicle may, for example, brake earlier and/or harder, if no vehicle is following (as determined by image processing of the image data captured by the rearward facing camera), and risk of rear end collision is low, or may brake later, if the vision system determines that a vehicle is following, and the risk of rear end collision is higher. Optionally, the vision system may provide improved or enhanced lane detection at low sun / and increased availability of LDW based on detecting lanes in the rear camera images. Optionally, the vision system may provide rear pedestrian detection, and may provide a warning or may brake if a pedestrian is detected in the rear images, such as during a reversing maneuver of the vehicle. Optionally, the vision system may provide a rear object detection, and may provide a warning or the like if a general object is detected in the rear images. Optionally, the vision system may provide a rear cross traffic alert function, and may detect or determine crossing vehicles and may be operable to alert or warn the driver of the subject vehicle of crossing vehicles when the driver is reversing or backing up the subject vehicle. 
     For example, the vision system may provide pedestrian detection when backing up by determining when a pedestrian is present in the rearward field of view of the camera. The system may detect standing / walking adults and children at relevant ranges, with reasonable false alarm rate (such as, for example, 1 false detection per 50 or more backup maneuvers). The system may utilize pedestrian detection and classification aspects from a front object detection system applied to rear image processing ( FIG.  11   ). The system may use additional crossing cues for moving pedestrians. The system may determine that a detected object is a pedestrian and generate an output based on various aspects of the object, such as a lateral distance to the object, a longitudinal distance to the object, the object height, the object width, an X-position in the captured image and/or a Y-position in the captured image and/or the like. The vision system thus may reduce the risk of back-over accidents, and, if driver is not looking at the rear camera display (such as indicated by the driver not braking the vehicle when the display shows an object or pedestrian rearward of the vehicle during a reversing maneuver), the system may generate an alert to warn the driver of a rear pedestrian detection and/or generate automatic braking to slow or stop the vehicle. 
     Similarly, the vision system may provide a rear object detection function to detect larger objects rearward of the vehicle ( FIG.  12   ). The vision system may utilize SFM (structure from motion) and use image sequences to compute a dense three dimensional map of the road and stationary objects above the road, and the system may use lateral motion detection for general moving objects. The vision system thus may reduce the risk of back-over accidents, and, if driver is not looking at the rear camera display, the system may generate an alert to warn the driver of a rear pedestrian detection and/or generate automatic braking to slow or stop the vehicle. 
     Optionally, the vision system may provide a rear cross traffic alert function and may detect crossing vehicles in or approaching the rearward path of the subject vehicle during a reversing maneuver of the subject vehicle ( FIG.  13   ). The system may utilize vehicle detection (pattern based) and lateral motion detection to identify cross traffic and warn the driver of the subject vehicle based on such detection and identification. The algorithm performance of the system may depend on the quality of the images and vehicles in image. For example, the system may detect sideward approaching vehicles from up to about 30 m to either side of the subject vehicle. Optionally, and desirably, the system may optimize rear camera distortion correction to work with the vehicle detection algorithm to enhance such detection and identification of approaching vehicles. The vision system thus limits or substantially reduces collisions with crossing traffic rearward of the subject vehicle during a reversing maneuver of the subject vehicle, and the system may generate an alert to warn the driver of the subject vehicle of an approaching vehicle (and may identify or inform the driver as to which side of the subject vehicle the detected vehicle is approaching from). 
     Optionally, the vision system may provide an adaptive automatic emergency braking (AEB) function ( FIGS.  14  and  15   ). For example, the AEB may be based on the presence of a following vehicle (a vehicle following the subject vehicle) when the subject vehicle vision system has detected a vehicle or object ahead of the subject vehicle that presents a condition or situation that may require braking of the subject vehicle to avoid a collision with the detected object or vehicle. The AEB system is operable to brake earlier and/or harder if no vehicle is detected behind or following the subject vehicle, and the risk of a rear end collision is thus low, and/or the AEB system is operable to brake later if a vehicle is detected behind or following the subject vehicle, and risk of a rear end collision is thus higher. The system may utilize pattern based vehicle detection to detect vehicles (such as vehicles up to about 50 to 60 meters (or more) ahead and/or behind the subject vehicle) and may determine if a detected following vehicle object is in the same lane or adjacent lane as the subject vehicle and may determine the distance that the detected following vehicle is behind the subject vehicle, and may adapt the braking application accordingly. The vision system may provide an earlier warning to the driver of the subject vehicle and may provide a reduced risk of false brake activation. 
     Optionally, the vision system may utilize rear image processing for lane detection ( FIG.  16   ). For example, the system may apply lane detection and tracking aspects from front image processing to rear images captured by one or more rearward facing cameras of the vehicle. The system may detect the lane markings and may determine the lateral distance to a left or right lane marking, and may control steering and/or provide an alert to the driver responsive to the detected distance to the lane markings. The system thus provides increased availability of lane information to the driver, and may warn the driver even where lane departure prevention (LDP) from the front camera may not be available, such as in low lighting conditions or situations, traffic jams (when preceding vehicles block lane markings), tunnel entry and/or the like. Optionally, it is envisioned that the rear lane detection of the present invention may be used for autonomous driving / lane keeping where high lane data availability is important. 
     The vision system of the present invention may capture rearward images and may display different aspects or portions of the captured images for different information display functions (such as during a reversing maneuver and the like, where a wide angle rearward image is desired). For example, and with reference to  FIGS.  17  and  18   , the system may provide an uncorrected raw view, a corrected wide view, a normal view and a top view for different functions or applications. Preferably, the vision system will apply the image processing (for object detection and the like) to one of the views, such as the corrected wide view, which is presentable to the driver at the display screen, and provides a wide angle field of view for rear cross traffic detection. While the normal view and the top view are also presentable to the driver, the normal view is not typically wide enough for rear cross traffic detection and the top view is a special view with limited range. 
     Optionally, and with reference to  FIG.  19   , the vision system may be operable to process image data captured from a front camera and image data captured from a rear camera using a common image processor (such as by utilizing aspects of the systems described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,855,755, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). The system may utilize NTSC rear video or may utilize a rear megapixel camera or the like. By relying on the rear camera to create three different view modes (wide, normal, top-view), the cross traffic alert will only work when the rear camera is in wide view mode. Because the view mode is typically selected by the driver using hardwired connections, the system does not control the view mode. The system relies on the display to create overlays, so the system preferably can manage latency problems between detection and overlay presentation. An advantage to this type of system is that it may provide the desired features at a relatively lower cost or reduced cost. 
     Optionally, and with reference to  FIG.  19   , the vision system may comprise a forward facing camera and a rearward facing camera and a separate common image processor. In the illustrated embodiment, the rear camera images are transmitted via LVDS (preferably over coaxial cables) to the image processor (such as an EYEQ2 or EYEQ3 image processor available from Mobileye Vision Technologies Ltd. of Jerusalem, Israel), and the communication cables may utilize aspects of the systems described in International Publication No. WO 2013/043661, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The image processor is operable to interpret the image, and also creates the different views desired by vehicle manufacturer, including cropping, distortion correction, and overlay generation. The visual image manipulation is implemented by algorithms or code running on the image processor, and the image is then sent to the display in a “ready to view” format. 
     Because the vision system of  FIG.  19    adds two video connectors to the front camera, it may not be ideal for typical forward facing camera or imager package at the windshield. Instead, the vision system of  FIG.  19    separates the front camera and the image processor and thus provides a two-box solution, with the image processing board being removed from the camera and disposed at or in a second box or module or unit that can be packaged anywhere in the vehicle. The vision system thus may meet the cross traffic requirements, including the hardwired interfaces for which there typically is not enough connector space at the windshield, and the system may achieve better overall system performance, since there is more information provided from the rear imager (both by virtue of being higher resolution and by providing pixel accurate data), and the system may be able to run cross traffic alerts with all of the desired views. 
     The vision system thus may feed video from a rear imager or rearward facing camera and may feed video from a front imager or forward facing camera into a separate and common image processing unit or module where there is separation between image manipulation software for processing images for display and image data processing for processing image data for object detection and/or the like. The image processor is thus decoupled from both imagers and could be disposed anywhere in the vehicle (and optionally could be disposed at or near or in the forward facing camera module). The image processor has both front and rear camera feeds and can process image data from both cameras simultaneously. The system thus utilizes software building blocks that can be applied to the front and rear images. The common image processor may be operable to utilize SFM on the front and rear images, and the image data or processed output may be passed to other algorithms for image manipulation for presenting the information for viewing by the driver at the display screen. The system may utilize coaxial cable that carries the camera or image signal and power bi-directionally. Such cables reduce the cost of the transmission/communication and makes the option of having a separate common image processor more attractive to the vehicle manufacturer (due to the lower cost cables and connectors such that the additional connectors and cables do not significantly add to the cost of the system). 
     In applications where the system operates as an automatic emergency braking system, it is important that a certain degree of safeness of absence of unjustified braking events is provided. Customers (driven by ISO26262) require certain theoretical analysis to guarantee a vehicle is “safe” (in the case of an emergency braking system, such safety is defined as “lack of unjustified brake events”). It is difficult to theoretically prove that the system (such as the image processor, such as a Mobileye EYEQ type image processor or the like) doesn’t cause unjustified brake events. However, ISO26262 also accepts a “proven in use” argument that may be used for camera-based emergency braking. The method to develop an emergency braking system that utilizes such a “proven in use” feature comprises the following steps: 
     1. Develop a signal to initiate emergency braking. For example, this signal could be generated when the determined “time to contact” (TTC) is less than about 0.7 sec and the vehicle speed is less than 80 km/h.   2. During a first time period, the system may monitor all vehicles in which the signal occurs. This can be done using a Trip Statistics and Alert Data Download (TSADD) feature. As part of this feature, vehicle data (including, for example, vehicle speed, brake activation, and/or compressed camera images or the like) may be collected that allows an evaluation as to whether or not the signal was justified. The vehicle data may be collected via any suitable means, such as through a telematics system of the vehicle (such as, for example, ONSTAR ® ) or the like.   3. The system evaluates the signals that occurred in a large set of vehicles and over a prolonged period of time. In other words, the system uses more than just a handful of test vehicles, and instead may monitor, for example, about 100,000 (or more or less) customer vehicles over the course of several months to a year (or more or less) to collect a statistically significant set of signals.   4. If, in step 3, it can be concluded that the signal is clear of unjustified brake events, the system may use the signal which has now been proven in use to automatically activate brakes when the appropriate condition is detected.   

     Thus, the present invention is operable to provide an enhanced determination of the safeness of the AEB system by determining and using signals and parameters that have been tested in real life situations and determined to have resulted in few or no unjustified braking events. The present invention uses “proven in use” signals and parameters to derive an appropriate signal for that vehicle and/or vehicle type and/or driving conditions and/or the like. 
     The cameras or sensors may comprise any suitable cameras or sensors. Optionally, the camera may comprise a “smart camera” that includes the imaging sensor array and associated circuitry and image processing circuitry and electrical connectors and the like as part of a camera module, such as by utilizing aspects of the vision systems described in PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/066570, filed Nov. 27, 2012, and published on Jun. 6, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/081984, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/066571, filed Nov. 27, 2012, and published Jun. 6, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013081985, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     The system includes an image processor operable to process image data captured by the camera or cameras, such as for detecting objects or other vehicles or pedestrians or the like in the field of view of one or more of the cameras. For example, the image processor may comprise an EYEQ2 or EYEQ3 image processing chip available from Mobileye Vision Technologies Ltd. of Jerusalem, Israel, and may include object detection software (such as the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,855,755; 7,720,580 and/or 7,038,577, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties), and may analyze image data to detect vehicles and/or other objects. Responsive to such image processing, and when an object or other vehicle is detected, the system may generate an alert to the driver of the vehicle and/or may generate an overlay at the displayed image to highlight or enhance display of the detected object or vehicle, in order to enhance the driver’s awareness of the detected object or vehicle or hazardous condition during a driving maneuver of the equipped vehicle. 
     The vehicle may include any type of sensor or sensors, such as imaging sensors or radar sensors or lidar sensors or ladar sensors or ultrasonic sensors or the like. The imaging sensor or camera may capture image data for image processing and may comprise any suitable camera or sensing device, such as, for example, an array of a plurality of photosensor elements arranged in at least 640 columns and 480 rows (at least a 640 x 480 imaging array, such as a megapixel imaging array or the like), with a respective lens focusing images onto respective portions of the array. The photosensor array may comprise a plurality of photosensor elements arranged in a photosensor array having rows and columns. The logic and control circuit of the imaging sensor may function in any known manner, and the image processing and algorithmic processing may comprise any suitable means for processing the images and/or image data. 
     For example, the vision system and/or processing and/or camera and/or circuitry may utilize aspects described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,005,974; 5,760,962; 5,877,897; 5,796,094; 5,949,331; 6,222,447; 6,302,545; 6,396,397; 6,498,620; 6,523,964; 6,611,202; 6,201,642; 6,690,268; 6,717,610; 6,757,109; 6,802,617; 6,806,452; 6,822,563; 6,891,563; 6,946,978; 7,859,565; 5,550,677; 5,670,935; 6,636,258; 7,145,519; 7,161,616; 7,230,640; 7,248,283; 7,295,229; 7,301,466; 7,592,928; 7,881,496; 7,720,580; 7,038,577; 6,882,287; 5,929,786 and/or 5,786,772, and/or International Publication Nos. WO 2011/028686; WO 2010/099416; WO 2012/061567; WO 2012/068331; WO 2012/075250; WO 2012/103193; WO 2012/0116043; WO 2012/0145313; WO 2012/0145501; WO 2012/145818; WO 2012/145822; WO 2012/158167; WO 2012/075250; WO 2012/103193; WO 2012/0116043; WO 2012/0145501; WO 2012/0145343; WO 2012/154919; WO 2013/019707; WO 2013/016409; WO 20102/145822; WO 2013/043661; WO 2013/048994, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/061548, filed Oct. 24, 2012, and published on May 2, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/063014, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/062906, filed Nov. 1, 2012, and published May 10, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/067083, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/063520, filed Nov. 5, 2012, and published May 16, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/070539, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/064980, filed Nov. 14, 2012, and published May 23, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/074604, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/066570, filed Nov. 27, 2012, and published Jun. 6, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/081984, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/066571, filed Nov. 27, 2012, and published Jun. 6, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/081985, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/068331, filed Dec. 7, 2012, and published Jun. 13, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/086249, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/071219, filed Dec. 21, 2012, and published Jul. 11, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/103548, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2013/022119, filed Jan. 18, 2013, and published Jul. 25, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/109869, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2013/026101, filed Feb. 14, 2013, and published Aug. 22, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/123161, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2013/027342, filed Feb. 22, 2013, and published Aug. 9, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/126715, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2013/036701, filed Apr. 16, 2013, and published Oct. 24, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/158592 and/or U.S. Pat. applications, Ser. No. 13/851,378, filed Mar. 27, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,319,637; Ser. No. 13/848,796, filed Mar. 22, 2013, and published on Oct. 24, 2013 as U.S. Pat. Publication No. US-2013-0278769; Ser. No. 13/847,815, filed Mar. 20, 2013, and published on Oct. 31, 2013 as U.S. Pat. Publication No. US-2013-0286193; Ser. No. 13/800,697, filed Mar. 13, 2013, and published on Oct. 3, 2013 as U.S. Pat. Publication No. US-2013-0258077; Ser. No. 13/785,099, filed Mar. 5, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,565,342; Ser. No. 13/779,881, filed Feb. 28, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,694,224; Ser. No. 13/774,317, filed Feb. 22, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,269,263; Ser. No. 13/774,315, filed Feb. 22, 2013, and published on Aug. 22, 2013 as U.S. Pat. Publication No. US-2013-0215271 ; Ser. No. 13/681,963, filed Nov. 20, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,264,673; Ser. No. 13/660,306, filed Oct. 25, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,146,898; Ser. No. 13/653,577, filed Oct. 17, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,174,574; and/or Ser. No. 13/534,657, filed Jun. 27, 2012, and published on Jan. 3, 2013 as U.S. Pat. Publication No. US-2013-0002873, and/or U.S. Provisional applications, Ser. No. 61/813,361, filed Apr. 18, 2013; Ser. No. 61/840,407, filed Apr. 10, 2013; Ser. No. 61/808,930, filed Apr. 5, 2013; Ser. No. 61/807,050, filed Apr. 1, 2013; Ser. No. 61/806,674, filed Mar. 29, 2013; Ser. No. 61/806,673, filed Mar. 29, 2013; Ser. No. 61/804,786, filed Mar. 25, 2013; Ser. No. 61/793,592, filed Mar. 15, 2013; Ser. No. 61/793,614, filed Mar. 15, 2013; Ser. No. 61/793,558, filed Mar. 15, 2013; Ser. No. 61/772,015, filed Mar. 4, 2013; Ser. No. 61/772,014, filed Mar. 4, 2013; Ser. No. 61/770,051, filed Feb. 27, 2013; Ser. No. 61/770,048, filed Feb. 27, 2013; Ser. No. 61/766,883, filed Feb. 20, 2013; Ser. No. 61/760,366, filed Feb. 4, 2013; Ser. No. 61/760,364, filed Feb. 4, 2013; Ser. No. 61/758,537, filed Jan. 30, 2013; Ser. No. 61/756,832, filed Jan. 25, 2013; Ser. No. 61/754,804, filed Jan. 21, 2013; Ser. No. 61/745,925, filed Dec. 26, 2012; Ser. No. 61/745,864, filed Dec. 26, 2012; Ser. No. 61/736,104, filed Dec. 12, 2012; Ser. No. 61/736,103, filed Dec. 12, 2012; Ser. No. 61/735,314, filed Dec. 10, 2012; Ser. No. 61/734,457, filed Dec. 7, 2012; Ser. No. 61/733,598, filed Dec. 5, 2012; Ser. No. 61/733,093, filed Dec. 4, 2012; Ser. No. 61/727,912, filed Nov. 19, 2012; Ser. No. 61/727,911, filed Nov. 19, 2012; Ser. No. 61/727,910, filed Nov. 19, 2012; Ser. No. 61/718,382, filed Oct. 25, 2012; Ser. No. 61/713,772, filed Oct. 15, 2012; Ser. No. 61/710,924, filed Oct. 8, 2012; Ser. No. 61/710,247, filed Oct. 2, 2012; Ser. No. 61/696,416, filed Sep. 4, 2012; Ser. No. 61/682,995, filed Aug. 14, 2012; Ser. No. 61/682,486, filed Aug. 13, 2012; Ser. No. 61/680,883, filed Aug. 8, 2012; Ser. No. 61/678,375, filed Aug. 1, 2012; Ser. No. 61/676,405, filed Jul. 27, 2012; Ser. No. 61/666,146, filed Jun. 29, 2012; Ser. No. 61/653,665, filed May 31, 2012; Ser. No. 61/653,664, filed May 31, 2012; Ser. No. 61/648,744, filed May 18, 2012, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The system may communicate with other communication systems via any suitable means, such as by utilizing aspects of the systems described in International Publication Nos. WO 2013/043661 and/or WO 2010/144900, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/066571, filed Nov. 27, 2012, and published Jun. 6, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013081985, and/or U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 13/202,005, filed Aug. 17, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,126,525, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     The imaging device and control and image processor and any associated illumination source, if applicable, may comprise any suitable components, and may utilize aspects of the cameras and vision systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,550,677; 5,877,897; 6,498,620; 5,670,935; 5,796,094; 6,396,397; 6,806,452; 6,690,268; 7,005,974; 7,937,667; 7,123,168; 7,004,606; 6,946,978; 7,038,577; 6,353,392; 6,320,176; 6,313,454 and 6,824,281, and/or International Publication Nos. WO 2010/099416 and/or WO 2011/028686, and/or U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 12/508,840, filed Jul. 24, 2009, and published Jan. 28, 2010 as U.S. Pat. Publication No. US 2010-0020170, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/048110, filed Jul. 25, 2012, and published on Jan. 31, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/016409, and/or U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 13/534,657, filed Jun. 27, 2012, and published on Jan. 3, 2013 as U.S. Pat. Publication No. US-2013-0002873, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The camera or cameras may comprise any suitable cameras or imaging sensors or camera modules, and may utilize aspects of the cameras or sensors described in U.S. Pat. applications, Ser. No. 12/091,359, filed Apr. 24, 2008 and published Oct. 1, 2009 as U.S. Publication No. US-2009-0244361; and/or Ser. No. 13/260,400, filed Sep. 26, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,542,451, and/or U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,965,336 and/or 7,480,149, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The imaging array sensor may comprise any suitable sensor, and may utilize various imaging sensors or imaging array sensors or cameras or the like, such as a CMOS imaging array sensor, a CCD sensor or other sensors or the like, such as the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,550,677; 5,670,935; 5,760,962; 5,715,093; 5,877,897; 6,922,292; 6,757,109; 6,717,610; 6,590,719; 6,201,642; 6,498,620; 5,796,094; 6,097,023; 6,320,176; 6,559,435; 6,831,261; 6,806,452; 6,396,397; 6,822,563; 6,946,978; 7,339,149; 7,038,577; 7,004,606; 7,720,580 and/or 7,965,336, and/or International Publication Nos. WO 2009/036176 and/or WO 2009/046268, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     The camera module and circuit chip or board and imaging sensor may be implemented and operated in connection with various vehicular vision-based systems, and/or may be operable utilizing the principles of such other vehicular systems, such as a vehicle headlamp control system, such as the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,796,094; 6,097,023; 6,320,176; 6,559,435; 6,831,261; 7,004,606; 7,339,149 and/or 7,526,103, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, a rain sensor, such as the types disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,353,392; 6,313,454; 6,320,176 and/or 7,480,149, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, a vehicle vision system, such as a forwardly, sidewardly or rearwardly directed vehicle vision system utilizing principles disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,550,677; 5,670,935; 5,760,962; 5,877,897; 5,949,331; 6,222,447; 6,302,545; 6,396,397; 6,498,620; 6,523,964; 6,611,202; 6,201,642; 6,690,268; 6,717,610; 6,757,109; 6,802,617; 6,806,452; 6,822,563; 6,891,563; 6,946,978 and/or 7,859,565, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, a trailer hitching aid or tow check system, such as the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,005,974, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, a reverse or sideward imaging system, such as for a lane change assistance system or lane departure warning system or for a blind spot or object detection system, such as imaging or detection systems of the types disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,720,580; 7,038,577; 5,929,786 and/or 5,786,772, and/or U.S. pat. applications, Ser. No. 11/239,980, filed Sep. 30, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,881,496, and/or U.S. Provisional applications, Ser. No. 60/628,709, filed Nov. 17, 2004; Ser. No. 60/614,644, filed Sep. 30, 2004; Ser. No. 60/618,686, filed Oct. 14, 2004; Ser. No. 60/638,687, filed Dec. 23, 2004, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, a video device for internal cabin surveillance and/or video telephone function, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,760,962; 5,877,897; 6,690,268 and/or 7,370,983, and/or U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 10/538,724, filed Jun. 13, 2005 and published Mar. 9, 2006 as U.S. Publication No. US-2006-0050018, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, a traffic sign recognition system, a system for determining a distance to a leading or trailing vehicle or object, such as a system utilizing the principles disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,396,397 and/or 7,123,168, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, and/or the like. 
     Optionally, the circuit board or chip may include circuitry for the imaging array sensor and or other electronic accessories or features, such as by utilizing compass-on-a-chip or EC driver-on-a-chip technology and aspects such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,255,451 and/or U.S. Pat. No. 7,480,149; and/or U.S. patent applications, Ser. No. 11/226,628, filed Sep. 14, 2005 and published Mar. 23, 2006 as U.S. Publication No. US-2006-0061008, and/or Ser. No. 12/578,732, filed Oct. 14, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,487,144, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     Optionally, the vision system may include a display for displaying images captured by one or more of the imaging sensors for viewing by the driver of the vehicle while the driver is normally operating the vehicle. Optionally, for example, the vision system may include a video display device disposed at or in the interior rearview mirror assembly of the vehicle, such as by utilizing aspects of the video mirror display systems described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268 and/or U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/333,337, filed Dec. 21, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,264,672, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The video mirror display may comprise any suitable devices and systems and optionally may utilize aspects of the compass display systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,370,983; 7,329,013; 7,308,341; 7,289,037; 7,249,860; 7,004,593; 4,546,551; 5,699,044; 4,953,305; 5,576,687; 5,632,092; 5,677,851; 5,708,410; 5,737,226; 5,802,727; 5,878,370; 6,087,953; 6,173,508; 6,222,460; 6,513,252 and/or 6,642,851, and/or European patent application, published Oct. 11, 2000 under Publication No. EP 0 1043566, and/or U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 11/226,628, filed Sep. 14, 2005 and published Mar. 23, 2006 as U.S. Publication No. US-2006-0061008, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Optionally, the video mirror display screen or device may be operable to display images captured by a rearward viewing camera of the vehicle during a reversing maneuver of the vehicle (such as responsive to the vehicle gear actuator being placed in a reverse gear position or the like) to assist the driver in backing up the vehicle, and optionally may be operable to display the compass heading or directional heading character or icon when the vehicle is not undertaking a reversing maneuver, such as when the vehicle is being driven in a forward direction along a road (such as by utilizing aspects of the display system described in International Publication No. WO 2012/051500, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). 
     Optionally, the vision system (utilizing the forward facing camera and a rearward facing camera and other cameras disposed at the vehicle with exterior fields of view) may be part of or may provide a display of a top-down view or birds-eye view system of the vehicle or a surround view at the vehicle, such as by utilizing aspects of the vision systems described International Publication Nos. WO 2010/099416; WO 2011/028686; WO 2012/075250; WO 2013/019795; WO 2012-075250; WO 2012/154919; WO 2012/0116043; WO 2012/0145501 and/or WO 2012/0145313, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/CA2012/000378, filed Apr. 25, 2012, and published Nov. 1, 2012 as International Publication No. WO 2012/145822, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/066571, filed Nov. 27, 2012, and published Jun. 6, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013081985, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/068331, filed Dec. 7, 2012, and published Jun. 13, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/086249, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2013/022119, filed Jan. 18, 2013, and published Jul. 25, 2013 as International Publication No. WO 2013/109869, and/or U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 13/333,337, filed Dec. 21, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,264,672, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     Optionally, a video mirror display may be disposed rearward of and behind the reflective element assembly and may comprise a display such as the types disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,530,240; 6,329,925; 7,855,755; 7,626,749; 7,581,859; 7,446,650; 7,370,983; 7,338,177; 7,274,501; 7,255,451; 7,195,381; 7,184,190; 5,668,663; 5,724,187 and/or 6,690,268, and/or in U.S. Pat. applications, Ser. No. 12/091,525, filed Apr. 25, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,855,755; Ser. No. 11/226,628, filed Sep. 14, 2005 and published Mar. 23, 2006 as U.S. Publication No. US-2006-0061008; and/or Ser. No. 10/538,724, filed Jun. 13, 2005 and published Mar. 9, 2006 as U.S. Publication No. US-2006-0050018, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The display is viewable through the reflective element when the display is activated to display information. The display element may be any type of display element, such as a vacuum fluorescent (VF) display element, a light emitting diode (LED) display element, such as an organic light emitting diode (OLED) or an inorganic light emitting diode, an electroluminescent (EL) display element, a liquid crystal display (LCD) element, a video screen display element or backlit thin film transistor (TFT) display element or the like, and may be operable to display various information (as discrete characters, icons or the like, or in a multi-pixel manner) to the driver of the vehicle, such as passenger side inflatable restraint (PSIR) information, tire pressure status, and/or the like. The mirror assembly and/or display may utilize aspects described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,184,190; 7,255,451; 7,446,924 and/or 7,338,177, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The thicknesses and materials of the coatings on the substrates of the reflective element may be selected to provide a desired color or tint to the mirror reflective element, such as a blue colored reflector, such as is known in the art and such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,910,854; 6,420,036 and/or 7,274,501, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     Optionally, the display or displays and any associated user inputs may be associated with various accessories or systems, such as, for example, a tire pressure monitoring system or a passenger air bag status or a garage door opening system or a telematics system or any other accessory or system of the mirror assembly or of the vehicle or of an accessory module or console of the vehicle, such as an accessory module or console of the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,289,037; 6,877,888; 6,824,281; 6,690,268; 6,672,744; 6,386,742 and 6,124,886, and/or U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 10/538,724, filed Jun. 13, 2005 and published Mar. 9, 2006 as U.S. Publication No. US-2006-0050018, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     Changes and modifications to the specifically described embodiments may be carried out without departing from the principles of the present invention, which is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims as interpreted according to the principles of patent law.