Patent Publication Number: US-2023143340-A1

Title: Probe head and probe card having same

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to a probe head and a probe card having the same. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a probe head that allows a probe to perform a scrubbing action while being allowed to be inclined within a guide hole, and a probe card having the same. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In general, a semiconductor manufacturing process largely includes a fabrication process for forming a pattern on a wafer, an electrical die sorting (EDS) process for testing electrical characteristics of respective chips constituting the wafer, and an assembly process for assembling the wafer on which a pattern is formed to individual chips. 
     Here, the EDS process is performed to detect defective chips among the chips constituting the wafer. In the EDS process, a probe card which applies electrical signals to the chips constituting the wafer and determines whether the chips are defective on the basis of signals checked from the applied electrical signals is mainly used. 
     A probe card is a device that connects a semiconductor wafer (or a semiconductor device) and test equipment to test the operation of the semiconductor device, and serves to transmit electricity while connecting probes provided on the probe card to a wafer, and then sort defective semiconductor chips on the basis of feedback signals received thereby. 
     The probe card used for an electrical test of the semiconductor device may include a circuit board, an interposer, a space transformer, a probe head, and probes. In the probe card, an electrical path is provided through the circuit board, the interposer, the space transformer, and the probe head, and a pattern of a wafer is tested by the probes that directly contact the wafer. 
     The probe head supports the probes, and serves to prevent an electrical short due to contact between adjacent probes. Specifically, the probe head includes at least one guide plate, and the probes are inserted into guide holes formed in the guide plate and guided toward the wafer. 
     After the probes pass through the probe head, an upper side of each of the probes is brought into contact with a connection pad of the space transformer, while a lower side thereof is brought into contact with an electrode pad of the wafer. That is, by providing the space transformer and the wafer above and below the probes, respectively, the pattern of the wafer can be tested. 
     In case where the guide plate is configured so as to be easily deformed, the guide plate cannot support the probes, and the positions of the probes are changed thereby, with the result that the wafer cannot be properly tested. 
     An example of a patent that discloses a probe head for minimizing deformation of a guide plate is U.S. Pat. No. 9,110,130 (hereinafter referred to as “related art”). 
     The related-art probe head is configured by stacking a ceramic lower guide plate and a plastic lower guide plate, and can support probes by minimizing thermal deformation of the lower guide plates. 
     However, the guide plate as above has through-holes that are formed in the same size in the plastic guide plate and the ceramic guide plate. Therefore, in a case of performing an overdrive process in which a wafer is further lifted by a predetermined height toward a probe card, probes cannot be inclined in one direction. As a result, there is a problem in that excessive contact pressure is generated, causing damage to electrode pads. 
     In the related art, the probes cannot be inclined more than a predetermined angle since each layer of the stacked lower guide plates has the same-size through holes. In addition, in case where the through-holes of the guide plate are configured to be larger than a predetermined size in order to incline the probes, a problem arises in that it is difficult to realize a fine pitch. 
     DOCUMENTS OF RELATED ART 
     
         
         (Patent Document 1) Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-17575 
       
    
     DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     Accordingly, the present disclosure has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the related art, and an objective of the present disclosure is to provide a probe head that allows a probe to perform a scrubbing action while being allowed to be inclined within a guide hole, and a probe card having the same. 
     Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a probe head and a probe card having the same, in which wafer test accuracy is increased by removing an oxide film of a probe connection pad. 
     Solution to Problem 
     In order to accomplish the above objectives, according to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a probe head of a probe card, the probe head including: a plurality of guide plates each having a guide hole, wherein each of the guide plates may have a shape in which a plurality of layers are stacked, and each of the guide plates may include: a first guide layer provided at a lowermost side thereof, and having a first guide hole; and a second guide layer provided at an uppermost side thereof, and having a second guide hole, wherein a side wall of the first guide hole and a side wall of the second guide hole may not be provided on the same vertical line. 
     Furthermore, a center of the first guide hole and a center of the second guide hole may be provided on the same vertical line. 
     Furthermore, the first guide hole may have a larger size than the second guide hole. 
     Furthermore, the first guide hole may have a smaller size than the second guide hole. 
     Furthermore, each of the guide plates may include: a lower guide plate having a lower guide hole; and an upper guide plate provided above the lower guide plate, and having an upper guide hole, wherein at least one of the upper guide plate and the lower guide plate may include a first guide layer and a second guide layer, and the upper guide hole and the lower guide hole may have the same size. 
     Furthermore, the upper guide hole and the lower guide hole may have a symmetrical structure. 
     Furthermore, each of the guide plates may be made of an anodic aluminum oxide film formed by anodizing a metal as a base material. 
     According another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a probe card, including: a space transformer having a probe connection pad electrically connected to each of a plurality of probes; and a probe head provided below the space transformer, and having a plurality of guide plates having a shape in which a plurality of layers are stacked, wherein at least one of the guide plates may include: a first guide layer provided at a lowermost side thereof, and having a first guide hole; and a second guide layer provided at an uppermost side thereof, and having a second guide hole, wherein a side wall of the first guide hole and a side wall of the second guide hole may not be provided on the same vertical line. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     As described above, in the probe head and the probe card having the same according to the present disclosure, it is possible to allow a probe to scrub a probe connection pad while being allowed to be inclined in a guide hole. 
     In addition, it is possible to increase wafer test accuracy by removing an oxide film of a probe connection pad. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a view schematically illustrating a probe card according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  2 A to  2 D  are views illustrating a method of manufacturing a guide plate illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    is a view illustrating a method of manufacturing guide plates illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIGS.  4 A and  4 B  are views schematically illustrating guide plates, probes, a wafer, and a space transformer illustrated in  FIG.  1   , as viewed from one side. 
         FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  are views illustrating a first modified example of a first embodiment. 
         FIGS.  6 A and  6 B  are views illustrating a second modified example of the first embodiment. 
         FIGS.  7 A and  7 B  are views illustrating a third modified example of the first embodiment. 
         FIG.  8    is a view schematically illustrating a probe card according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  9 A and  9 B  are views schematically illustrating guide plates, probes, a wafer, and a space transformer illustrated in  FIG.  8    as viewed from one side. 
     
    
    
     MODE FOR THE INVENTION 
     Contents of the description below merely exemplify the principle of the present disclosure. Therefore, those of ordinary skill in the art may implement the theory of the present disclosure and invent various apparatuses which are included within the concept and the scope of the present disclosure even though it is not clearly explained or illustrated in the description. Furthermore, in principle, all the conditional terms and embodiments listed in this description are clearly intended for the purpose of understanding the concept of the present disclosure, and one should understand that the present disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments and the conditions. 
     The above described objectives, features, and advantages will be more apparent through the following detailed description related to the accompanying drawings, and thus those of ordinary skill in the art may easily implement the technical spirit of the present disclosure. 
     The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to crosssectional views and/or perspective views which schematically illustrate ideal embodiments of the present disclosure. For explicit and convenient description of the technical content, thicknesses and widths of members and regions in the figures may be exaggerated. Therefore, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. 
     In addition, a limited number of holes are illustrated in the drawings. Thus, the embodiments should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. 
     In describing various embodiments, the same reference numerals will be used throughout different embodiments and the description to refer to the same or like elements or parts. In addition, the configuration and operation already described in other embodiments will be omitted for convenience. 
     Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG.  1    is a view schematically illustrating a probe card  100  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In this figure, for convenience of description, the number and size of a plurality of probes  80  are illustrated exaggeratedly. 
     Depending on the structure of installing the probes  80  on a space transformer ST and the structure of the probes  80 , the types of the probe card  100  may be classified into a vertical type probe card, a cantilever type probe card, and a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) probe card. In the present disclosure, as an example, a vertical type probe card  100  is illustrated to describe a coupling structure between the space transformer ST and other peripheral parts. The type of the probe card in which the coupling structure between the space transformer ST and other peripheral parts is implemented is not limited thereto, and may be the MEMS probe card and the cantilever type probe card. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a contact state of electrode pads WP of a wafer W. A test for electrical characteristics of semiconductor devices is performed by approaching the wafer W to the probe card  100  having the plurality of probes  80  on a wiring substrate, and bringing the respective probes  80  into contact with corresponding electrode pads WP on the wafer W. After the probes  80  reach positions where the probes  80  are brought into contact with the electrode pads WP, the wafer W may be further lifted by a predetermined height toward the probe card  100 . This process may be overdrive. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  1   , the probe card  100  according to the present disclosure may include: the space transformer ST made of an anodic aluminum oxide film  101 , and including a vertical wiring part  2 , a horizontal wiring part  3  connected to the vertical wiring part  2 , and a probe connection pad  130  electrically connected to each of the plurality of probes  80 ; and a coupling member  150  having a first end  150   a  fixed to a surface of the space transformer ST and a second end  150   b  coupled to a circuit board  160  provided above the space transformer ST. In this case, the coupling member  150  may be configured as a bolt, but is not limited thereto. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  1   , the circuit board  160  may be provided above the space transformer ST, and a probe head  1  on which the plurality of probes  80  are provided may be provided below the space transformer ST. In other words, the space transformer ST may be located between the circuit board  160  and the probe head  1 . The space transformer ST may be coupled to peripheral parts by the coupling member  150 . 
     The space transformer ST coupled to the circuit board  160  by the coupling member  150  may be electrically connected thereto by an interposer  170  interposed between the circuit board  160  and the space transformer ST. Specifically, a first interposer connection pad  110  may be provided on an upper surface of the space transformer ST, and a second interposer connection pad  120  may be provided on a lower surface of the circuit board  160 . Therefore, the interposer  170  interposed between the space transformer ST and the circuit board  160  may be joined to the first interposer connection pad  110  and the second interposer connection pad  120  to form an electrical connection between the space transformer ST and the circuit board  160 . 
     The space transformer ST may be made of the anodic aluminum oxide film  101 . The anodic aluminum oxide film  101  refers to a film formed by anodizing a metal that is a base material, and pores  101   a  refer to pores formed in the anodic aluminum oxide film  101  during the process of forming the anodic aluminum oxide film  101  by anodizing the metal. For example, in case where the metal as the base material is aluminum (Al) or an aluminum alloy, the anodization of the base material forms the anodic aluminum oxide film  101  consisting of anodized aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) on a surface SF of the base material. The anodic aluminum oxide film  101  formed as such has a barrier layer BL in which no pores  101   a  are formed and a porous layer PL in which pores  101   a  are formed. The barrier layer BL is positioned on the base material, and the porous layer PL is positioned on the barrier layer BL. In a state in which the anodic aluminum oxide film  101  having the barrier layer BL and the porous layer PL is formed on the surface SF of the base material, when the base material is removed, only the anodic aluminum oxide film  101  consisting of anodized aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) remains. The resulting anodic aluminum oxide film  101  has the pores  101   a  that have a uniform diameter, are formed in a vertical shape, and have a regular arrangement. In this case, when the barrier layer BL is removed, a structure in which the pores  101   a  vertically pass through the anodic aluminum oxide film  101  from top to bottom is formed. 
     The anodic aluminum oxide film  101  has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 2 to 3 ppm/° C. This may result in a small degree of deformation due to temperature. 
     According to the present disclosure, by configuring the space transformer ST using the anodic aluminum oxide film  101 , the space transformer ST having a small degree of thermal deformation under a high-temperature environment may be implemented. 
     The probe head  1  is provided below the space transformer ST. The probe head  1  supports the probes  80  and includes a plurality of guide plates GP each having a guide hole GH. The probe head  1  may be manufactured by means of bolt fastening as an example. 
     Each of the guide plates GP has a shape in which a plurality of layers GP 1 , GP 2 , and GP 3  (see  FIG.  4   ) are stacked, and may include an upper guide plate  40  and a lower guide plate  50  according to location. In this case, at least one of the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  may be made of an anodic aluminum oxide film  101 . 
     The upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  may be supported by a first plate  10  and a second plate  20 , respectively. Specifically, the second plate  20  may be provided under the first plate  10 , and each of the first plate  10  and the second plate  20  may have a central space for allowing passage of the probes  80 . 
     Specifically, the upper guide plate  40  may be provided in an upper seating region  15  formed on an upper surface of the first plate  10 , and the lower guide plate  50  may be provided in a lower seating region  25  formed on a lower surface of the second plate  20 . In this case, the upper seating region  15  may be configured as a concave recess in the upper surface of the first plate  10 , and the lower seating region  25  may be configured as a concave recess in the lower surface of the second plate  20 . However, since the concave recess shape of the upper seating region  15  and the lower seating region  25  is illustrated as an example, the shape thereof is not limited thereto. Therefore, the upper seating region  15  and the lower seating region  25  may be formed in a suitable shape to allow the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  to be provided on the upper surface of the first plate  10  and the lower surface of the second plate  20  more stably. 
       FIGS.  2 A to  2 D  and  FIG.  3    are views each illustrating a method of manufacturing a guide plate illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     A guide plate GP illustrated in  FIGS.  2 A to  2 D  may be at least one of an upper guide plate  40  and a lower guide plate  50 , and hereinafter will be described as being the lower guide plate  50  as an example. In  FIGS.  2 A to  2 D , for convenience of explanation, a portion of the lower guide plate  50  having a lower guide hole  54  is enlarged and schematically illustrated. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  2 A , an anodic aluminum oxide film  101  including pores  101   a  may be provided. Then, as illustrated in  FIG.  2 B , a film  5  may be provided under the anodic aluminum oxide film  101 . In this case, the anodic aluminum oxide film  101  may be provided in a state in which a barrier layer BL is not removed, and the barrier layer BL may be provided on an upper surface  180  of the anodic aluminum oxide film  101  on which the film  5  is not provided. That is, a porous layer PL may be provided between the barrier layer BL and the film  5 . Since the upper surface  180  of the lower guide plate  50  may be configured as the barrier layer BL, a problem in which particles flow into the lower guide plate  50  through the pores  101   a  may be prevented. In addition, inner walls of openings of the guide plate GP, into which front ends of probes  80  are first inserted during insertion of the probes  80 , may be positioned in the barrier layer BL having a high degree of density, thus having a high degree of durability. This may prevent abrasion of inner walls of openings of guide holes GH that may occur simultaneously with the insertion of the probes  80 . As a result, a particle generation problem due to abrasion of the inner walls of the openings of the guide holes GH may be minimized. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  2 C , at least a portion of the film  5  may be patterned by a photo process. Therefore, a plurality of film holes  5   a  may be formed in the film  5 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  2 D , the anodic aluminum oxide film  101  may be etched through the film holes  5   a , which are areas removed by patterning. Therefore, by such etching, a plurality of lower guide holes  54  corresponding to the film holes  5   a  may be formed in the anodic aluminum oxide film  101 . That is, the lower guide holes  54  may be holes having the same size as the film holes  5   a.    
     The lower guide plate  50  in which the lower guide holes  54  are formed may be provided on a second plate  20  after the film  5  is removed. However, without being limited thereto, the lower guide plate  50  may be provided on the second plate  20 , with the film  5  provided thereon. 
     The film  5  may be made of a photosensitive material, and preferably, the film  5  is a photosensitive film capable of lithography. In addition, the film  5  may be a material capable of adhesion, and thus, the anodic aluminum oxide film  101  and the film  5  may be bonded without use of a separate adhesive means. The film  5  may be an epoxy, PI, or acrylate-based photoresist. As a more specific example, the film  5  may be SU-8, which is an epoxy-based resist in which eight epoxy groups are included in a single molecule. 
     In a conventional guide plate, insertion holes for probes are formed by mechanical processing such as laser or drilling processing. Therefore, a residual stress is generated when mechanically processing the insertion holes in the guide plate, resulting in a problem of deteriorating durability during use of a probe card. In addition, the holes formed by laser processing are not vertical, resulting in a problem in which a clearance occurs after insertion of the probes. On the contrary, in the lower guide plate  50  according to the present disclosure, since the lower guide holes  54  are formed by etching, the problems caused by mechanical processing may be prevented, and the lower guide holes  54  may have inner walls that are vertical in a straight line. Therefore, since the lower guide plate  50  may be made of a light-transmitting material, this may facilitate insertion of the probes  80 , and since the inner walls of the lower guide holes  54  are straight, a clearance may be prevented from occurring. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3   , a lower guide plate  50  (GP) may be configured by stacking a plurality of anodic aluminum oxide films  101 . In this case, the plurality of anodic aluminum oxide films  101  may be bonded together by a film  5 . 
     Specifically, the lower guide plate  50  may include a first lower guide layer  51  (GP 1 ) provided at a lowermost side thereof, a second lower guide layer  52  (GP 2 ) provided at an uppermost side thereof, and a third lower guide layer  53  (GP 3 ) provided between the first lower guide layer  51  (GP 1 ) and the second lower guide layer  52  (GP 2 ). In the present embodiment, although it is described as an example that the lower guide plate  50  is composed of three layers, but the structure of the lower guide plate  50  is not limited thereto. 
     A guide hole  54  (GH) may be formed in each of the guide layers  51 ,  52 , and  53 . Specifically, a first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ) may be formed in the first lower guide layer  51  (GP 1 ), and a second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ) may be formed in the second lower guide layer  52  (GP 2 ), and a third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ) may be formed in the third lower guide layer  53  (GP 3 ). 
     The first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ), the second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ), and the third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ) may have different sizes. For example, of the first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ), the second lower guide hole  52  (GH 2 ), and the third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ), the first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ) may have the largest size, and the second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ) may have the smallest size. In other words, the lower guide plate  50  may have a shape in which the respective guide holes GH gradually narrow upward. However, the sizes of the guide holes GH are illustrated an example, and the lower guide plate  50  may include guide holes GH of various sizes. 
     Since the lower guide plate  50  may be composed of the stacked anodic aluminum oxides  101 , strength of the lower guide plate  50  may be increased. That is, the lower guide plate  50  may effectively support the probes  80 . 
     In the present disclosure, only the method of manufacturing the lower guide plate  50  has been described, but when the upper guide plate  40  is made of an anodic aluminum oxide film  101 , upper guide holes  44  (GH) may be formed through the same process. That is, as in case of the lower guide plate  50 , the upper guide plate  40  may also include a first guide layer GP 1 , a second guide layer GP 2 , and a third guide layer GP 3 , and a first guide hole GH 1 , a second guide hole GH 2 , and a third guide hole GH 3  may be formed in the guide layers GP 1 , GP 2 , and GP 3 , respectively. 
     Embodiment 1 
       FIGS.  4 A and  4 B  are views schematically illustrating guide plates, probes, a wafer, and a space transformer illustrated in  FIG.  1    as viewed from one side. In  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B , a film  5  is omitted for convenience of description. However, each of an upper guide plate  40  and a lower guide plate  50  illustrated in  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B  may be configured by anodic aluminum oxide films  101  each having the film  5  thereon or thereunder as illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
     Each of guide plates GP has a shape in which a plurality of layers are stacked, and may include a first guide layer GP 1  having a first guide hole GH 1 , a second guide layer GP 2  having a second guide hole GH 2 , and a third guide layer GP 3  having a third guide hole GH 3 . That is, the guide plate GP may have guide holes GH including the first guide hole GH 1 , the second guide hole GH 2 , and the third guide hole GH 3 . 
     Specifically, the first guide layer GP 1  may be provided at a lowermost side of the guide plate GP, the second guide layer GP 2  may be provided at a lowermost side the guide plate GP, and the third guide layer GP 3  may be provided between the first guide layer GP 1  and the second guide layer GP 2 . That is, the guide plate GP may be formed in a structure in which the first guide layer GP 1 , the third guide layer GP 3 , and the second guide layer GP 2  are sequentially stacked. 
     Each of the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  may have a structure including the first guide layer GP 1 , the second guide layer GP 2 , and the third guide layer GP 3 . 
     Specifically, the upper guide plate  40  may include a first upper guide layer  41  (GP 1 ), a second upper guide layer  42  (GP 2 ), and a third upper guide layer  43  (GP 3 ). Therefore, the upper guide plate  40  may include a first upper guide hole  441  (GH 1 ) formed in the first upper guide layer  41  (GP 1 ), a second upper guide hole  442  (GH 2 ) formed in the second upper guide layer  42  (GP 2 ), and a third upper guide hole  443  (GH 3 ) formed in the third upper guide layer  43  (GP 3 ). In addition, the lower guide plate  50  may include a first lower guide layer  51  (GP 1 ), a second lower guide layer  52  (GP 2 ), and a third lower guide layer  53  (GP 3 ). Therefore, the lower guide plate  50  may include a first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ) formed in the first lower guide layer  51  (GP 1 ), a second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ) formed in the second lower guide layer  52  (GP 2 ), and a third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ) formed in the third lower guide layer  53  (GP 3 ). 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B , the upper guide plate  40  may be configured so that among the guide holes GH, the first upper guide hole  441  (GH 1 ) has the smallest size, and the second upper guide hole  442  (GH 2 ) has the largest size. Therefore, the upper guide plate  40  may have the guide holes GH having a shape that gradually widens upward. In addition, the lower guide plate  50  may be configured so that among the guide holes GH, the first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ) has the largest size, and the second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ) has the smallest size. Therefore, the lower guide plate  50  may have the guide holes GH having a shape that gradually widens downward. That is, the upper guide holes  441 ,  442 , and  443  of the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide holes  541 ,  542 , and  543  of the lower guide plate  50  may have shapes that are vertically symmetrical to each other, respectively. In other words, the upper guide plate  40  have the first guide hole GH 1  smaller in size than the second guide hole GH 2 , and the lower guide plate  50  may have the first guide hole GH 1  larger in size than the second guide hole GH 2 . In addition, the upper guide holes  441 ,  442 , and  443  and the lower guide holes  541 ,  542 , and  543  may have the same size, respectively, at positions vertically corresponding to each other, respectively. 
     As the first upper guide hole  441  (GH 1 ), the second upper guide hole  442  (GH 2 ), the third upper guide hole  442  (GH 2 ) formed in respective guide layers  41 ,  42 , and  43  of the upper guide plate  40  have different sizes, in case where respective centers of the first upper guide hole  441  (GH 1 ), the second upper guide hole  442  (GH 2 ), and the third upper guide hole  443  (GH 3 ) are located on the same vertical line, respective side walls of the first upper guide hole  441  (GH 1 ), the second upper guide hole  442  (GH 2 ), and the third upper guide hole  443  (GH 3 ) may not be located on the same vertical line. In addition, in case where respective centers of the first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ), the second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ), and the third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ) of the lower guide plate  50  are located on the same vertical line, respective side walls of the first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ), the second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ), and the third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ) may not be located on the same vertical line. Therefore, the side walls of the guide holes GH of each of the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  may have a shape stepped in one direction. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  4 A , a plurality of probes  80  may sequentially pass through the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50 . In this case, the probes  80  may be provided in the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  in a vertical shape. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  4 B , when a wafer W is moved upward in order to test the wafer W, as electrode pads WP of the wafer W and the probes  80  are brought into contact with each other, the probes  80  may be pushed upward by the wafer W. In this case, since the lower guide holes  541 ,  542 , and  543  of the lower guide plate  50  may have a shape gradually widening downward and the upper guide holes  441 ,  442 , and  443  of the upper guide plate  40  may have a shape gradually widening upward, the probes  80  may be inclined in one direction as making contact with the electrode pads WP. In addition, as the probes  80  are inclined, first sides of the probes  80  in contact with the electrode pads WP may be inclined while scratching surfaces of the electrode pads WP, and second sides of the probes  80  in contact with probe connection pads  130  may be inclined while scratching surfaces of the probe connection pads  130 . That is, as being inclined along the shape of the guide holes GH, the probes  80  may remove oxide films of the surfaces of the electrode pads WP of the wafer W and the surfaces of the probe connection pads  130 . 
     In a conventional laminated guide plate, each layer thereof has through-holes of the same size. Therefore, in a case of performing an overdrive process of lifting a wafer to a predetermined height toward a probe head, probes are pushed upward while making contact with electrode pads of the wafer, but cannot be inclined in one direction. As a result, excessive contact pressure may be generated on the electrode pads. On the contrary, since the guide plates GP of the present disclosure may have the guide holes GH that gradually widen upward or downward, this may secure a sufficient space for inclining of the probes  80  in contact with the electrode pads WP of the wafer W, while preventing, by a narrowest guide hole GH, the probes  80  from moving. That is, it may be possible for the probes  80  to scrub the oxide films formed on the surfaces of the electrode pads WP and the probe connection pads  130  without causing excessive contact pressure on the electrode pads. 
     In addition, as the oxide films of the surfaces of the electrode pads WP and the probe connection pads  130  disappear, accuracy of testing the wafer W may be increased. 
       FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  are views illustrating a first modified example of the first embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B , a first upper guide hole  441  (GH 1 ), a second upper guide hole  442  (GH 2 ), and a third upper guide hole  443  (GH 3 ) of an upper guide plate  40  may have the same size. In this case, respective centers of the first upper guide hole  441  (GH 1 ), the second upper guide hole  442  (GH 2 ), and the third upper guide hole  443  (GH 3 ) may be located on vertical lines that are not the same. 
     Specifically, when the upper guide plate  40  is configured by anodic aluminum oxide films  101 , after a first upper guide layer  41 , a second upper guide layer  42 , and a third upper guide layer  43  are positioned to be misaligned, a guide hole GH having a predetermined size may be formed in each of the first, second, and third upper guide layers  41 ,  42 , and  43 . When the respective guide holes GH are formed in the upper guide plate  40 , respective side surfaces of the upper guide layers  41 ,  42 , and  43  may be rearranged so as not to be located on the same vertical line, and accordingly, respective centers of the upper guide holes  441 ,  442 , and  443  formed in the upper guide layers  41 ,  42 , and  43  may be located on vertical lines that are not the same. That is, respective side walls of the upper guide holes  441 ,  442 , and  443  may be located on the vertical lines that are not the same, and accordingly, the side walls of the upper guide holes  441 ,  442  and  443  of the upper guide plate  40  may have a shape stepped in one direction. In addition, lower guide holes  541 ,  542 , and  543  of a lower guide plate  50  may be formed in the same structure through the same process as the upper guide holes  441 ,  442 , and  443  of the upper guide plate  40 . That is, the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  may include guide holes GH inclined in the same direction. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  5 A , a plurality of probes  80  may vertically pass through the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  5 B , when a wafer W is moved upward in order to test the wafer W, as electrode pads WP of the wafer W and the probes  80  are brought into contact with each other, the probes  80  may be pushed upward by the wafer W. In this case, since a center connection line extending through the centers of the upper guide holes  441 ,  442 , and  443  of the upper guide plate  40  and a center connection line extending through the centers of the lower guide holes  541 ,  542 , and  543  of the lower guide plate  50  may be formed in a shape inclined in one direction, the probes  80  may be inclined in one direction to conform to the shape of the guide holes GH while making contact with the electrode pads WP. Therefore, first sides of the probes  80  may be inclined while scratching surfaces of the electrode pads WP, and second sides thereof may be inclined while scratching surfaces of probe connection pads  130 . That is, the probes  80  may remove oxide films on the surfaces of the electrode pads WP and the probe connection pads  130  without causing excessive contact pressure on the surfaces thereof. 
     In addition, by simultaneously forming the guide holes GH of the same size in each of the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  and then changing the position of each of the guide holes  441 ,  442 ,  443 ,  541 ,  542 , and  543 , the guide holes GH of each of the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  may be easily formed in a shape in which the center connection line is inclined. 
       FIGS.  6 A and  6 B  are views illustrating a second modified example of the first embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  6 A and  6 B , first to third upper guide holes  441 ,  442 , and  443  of an upper guide plate  40  and first to third lower guide holes  541 ,  542 , and  543  of a lower guide plate  50  may have the same size and shape. Specifically, the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  may be configured so that among guide holes GH, the first upper and lower guide holes  441  and  541  (GH 1 ) have the smallest sizes, and the second upper and lower guide holes  442  and  542  (GH 2 ) have the largest sizes. That is, the guide holes GH of each of the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  may have a shape that gradually widens upward. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  6 A , when a plurality of probes  80  are vertically inserted into the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50 , since the second guide holes GH 2  may be the largest, each of the probes  80  may be easily inserted into the guide plates  40  and  50 . 
     In addition, as illustrated in  FIG.  6 B , when electrode pads WP and the probes  80  are brought into contact with each other, since respective side walls of the guide holes GH of each of the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50  may be inclined, the probes  80  may be inclined in one direction or the other. That is, the probes  80  may remove oxide films formed on surfaces of probe connection pads  130  and electrode pads WP without causing excessive contact pressure on the surfaces thereof. 
       FIGS.  7 A and  7 B  are views illustrating a third modified example of the first embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A and  7 B , an upper guide plate  40  may have first to third upper guide holes  441 ,  442  and  443  (GH) having the same size, and a lower guide plate  50  may have a second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ) and a third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ) having the same size as the upper guide holes  441 ,  442 , and  443  (GH). In this case, a first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ) located at a lower most side of the lower guide plate  50  may have a larger size than the second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ) and the third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ). 
     Specifically, a firs side wall of the first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ) may be located on the same vertical line as respective first side walls of the second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ) and the third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ), and a second side wall of the first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ) may not be located on the same vertical line as respective second side walls of the second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ) and the third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ). That is, the first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ) may have a shape protruding in one direction from the second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ) and the third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ). In this case, the upper guide holes  441 ,  442 , and  443  (GH) may be located on the same vertical line as the second lower guide hole  542  (GH 2 ) and the third lower guide hole  543  (GH 3 ). 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 A , a plurality of probes  80  may vertically pass through the upper guide plate  40  and the lower guide plate  50 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 B , when a wafer W is moved upward in order to test the wafer W, as electrode pads WP of the wafer W and the probes  80  are brought into contact with each other, the probes  80  may be pushed upward by the wafer W. In this case, since the first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ) at the lowermost side of the lower guide plate  50  is the largest, each of the probes  80  may be inclined in one direction by the position of the first lower guide hole  541  (GH 1 ). Therefore, first sides of the probes  80  may be inclined while scratching surfaces of the electrode pads WP, and second sides thereof may be inclined while scratching surfaces of probe connection pads  130 . That is, the probes  80  may remove oxide films on the surfaces of the electrode pads WP and the probe connection pads  130 . 
     Embodiment 2 
     Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. Compared to the first embodiment, the second embodiment has a difference in that an intermediate guide plate is further provided. Therefore, the difference will be mainly described, and the description and reference numerals of the first embodiment will be used for the same parts. 
       FIG.  8    is a view schematically illustrating a probe card according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  8   , a probe head  1 ′ includes the intermediate guide plate  60 ′. The intermediate guide plate  60 ′ is provided between an upper guide plate  40 ′ and a lower guide plate  50 ′, and may be provided at a side of a second plate  20 ′. However, the position of the intermediate guide plate  60 ′ is not limited thereto, and may be provided at a side of a first plate  10 ′. 
     A plurality of probes  80 ′ may sequentially pass through the upper guide plate  40 ′, the intermediate guide plate  60 ′, and the lower guide plate  50 ′ to be provided toward a wafer W. Hereinafter, the intermediate guide plate  60 ′ of the probe head  1 ′ will be described in detail with reference to  FIGS.  9 A and  9 B . 
       FIGS.  9 A and  9 B  are views schematically illustrating guide plates, probes, a wafer, and a space transformer illustrated in  FIG.  8    as viewed from one side. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  9 A and  9 B , first to third upper guide holes  441 ′,  442 ′, and  443 ′ of an upper guide plate  40 ′ and first to third lower guide holes  541 ′,  542 ′, and  543 ′ of a lower guide plate  50 ′ may have the same size and shape. In this case, the guide holes GH of each of the upper guide plate  40 ′ and the lower guide plate  50 ′ may have a shape that gradually narrows downward. 
     A first intermediate guide hole  641 ′(GH) and a second intermediate guide hole  642 ′ (GH) of the intermediate guide plate  60 ′ may have the same size and shape, and a third intermediate guide hole  643 ′ (GH) may have a smaller size than the first intermediate guide hole  641 ′ (GH) and the second intermediate guide hole  642 ′ (GH). In this case, a first side wall of the third intermediate guide hole  643 ′ (GH) may be located on the same vertical as respective first side walls of the first intermediate guide hole  641 ′ (GH) and the second intermediate guide hole  642 ′ (GH), and a second side wall of the third intermediate guide hole  643 ′ (GH) may not be located on the same vertical as respective second side walls of the first intermediate guide hole  641 ′ (GH) and the second intermediate guide hole  642 ′ (GH). That is, the guide holes GH of the intermediate guide plate  60 ′ may have a shape in which the first side walls thereof are located on the same vertical and the second side walls thereof gradually narrow and then widen downward. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  9 A , the vertical probes  80 ′ may sequentially pass through the upper guide plate  40 ′, the intermediate guide plate  60 ′, and the lower guide plate  50 ′. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  9 B , the vertical probes  80 ′ may be elastically deformed in one direction. Specifically, when the probes  80 ′ pass through the guide plates GP, the intermediate guide plate  60 ′ may be moved in one direction. Therefore, the probes  80 ′ may be elastically deformed in conjunction with the movement of the intermediate guide plate  60 ′. In the present embodiment, although it is described as an example that the intermediate guide plate  60 ′ is moved in the right direction and an intermediate portion of each of the probes  80 ′ is deformed in the right direction thereby, the moving direction of the intermediate guide plate  60 ′ is not limited thereto. 
     After the probes  80 ′ are elastically deformed in conjunction with the movement of the intermediate guide plate  60 ′, when a wafer W is moved upward in order to test the wafer W, as electrode pads WP of the wafer W and the probes  80 ′ are brought into contact with each other, the probes  80 ′ may be pushed upward by the wafer W. In this case, since the first side walls of the guide holes GH of the intermediate guide plate  60 ′ may have shape that gradually narrows and then widens downward, an intermediate portion of each of the probes  80 ′ may be deformed conforming to the shape of the guide holes GH of the intermediate guide plate  60 ′. That is, the guide holes GH of the intermediate guide plate  60 ′ guide a direction in which the probe  80 ′ is to be deformed. This may provide an effect plurality of probes  80 ′ are deformed equally by changing the shape of the guide holes GH even without requiring provision of a separate device. 
     While particular embodiments of the probe head and the probe card having the same according to the present disclosure have been described, it is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure and should be construed as having widest range based on the spirit of present disclosure. Those of ordinary skill in the art may combine and substitute the disclosed embodiments to perform a particular pattern of shape that has not been noted, but it is also within the scope of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes and modifications may be readily made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS IN THE DRAWINGS 
     
         
         
           
               1 ,  1 ′: probe head  10 ,  10 ′,  10 ″: first plate 
               100 ,  100 ′: probe card 
               101 ,  101 ′: anodic aluminum oxide film 
               101   a ,  101   a ′: pore  130 : probe connection pad 
               40 ,  40 ′: upper guide plate 
               50 ,  50 ′: lower guide plate 
               60 ,  60 ′: intermediate guide plate 
               80 ,  80 ′: probe 
             BL: barrier layer GH: guide hole 
             GP: guide plate PL: porous layer 
             SF: surface ST: space transformer 
             W: wafer WP: electrode pad