Patent Publication Number: US-2020276333-A1

Title: Compositions and methods for treating idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome and detrusor overactivity

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of provisional application U.S. Ser. No. 62/505,382, filed on May 12, 2017, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to the field of medical therapies to improve one or more symptoms related to smooth muscle dysfunction. In particular, smooth muscle dysfunction of the bladder. 
     INCORPORATION OF SEQUENCE LISTING 
     The contents of the text file named IONC-002-001 WO_SeqList.txt, which was created on May 11, 2018 and is 30 KB in size, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Abnormal bladder function is a common problem which significantly affects the quality of life of millions of men and women in the United States. Many common diseases (e.g., BHP, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, and stroke) alter normal bladder function. Significant untoward changes in bladder function are also a normal result of advancing age. There are two principal clinical manifestations of altered bladder physiology: the atonic bladder and the hyperreflexic bladder. The atonic bladder or detrusor underactivity has diminished capacity to empty its urine contents because of ineffective contractility of the detrusor smooth muscle (the outer smooth muscle of the bladder wall). In the atonic or underactive state, diminished smooth muscle contractility is implicated in the etiology of bladder dysfunction. Thus, it is not surprising that pharmacological modulation of smooth muscle tone is insufficient to correct the underlying problem. In fact, the prevailing method for treating this condition uses clean intermittent catheterization; this is a successful means of preventing chronic urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, and eventual renal failure. As such, treatment of the atonic bladder ameliorates the symptoms of disease, but does not correct the underlying cause. 
     Conversely, the hyperreflexic, uninhibited, or bladder that exhibits detrusor overactivity contracts spontaneously during the filing of the bladder; this may result in urinary frequency, urinary urgency and urge incontinence, where the individual is unable to control the passage of urine. The hyperreflexic bladder is a more difficult problem to treat. Medications that have been used to treat this condition are usually only partially effective, and have severe side effects that limit the patient&#39;s use and enthusiasm. The currently-accepted treatment options (e.g., oxybutynin and tolteradine) are largely nonspecific, and most frequently involve blockade of the muscarinic-receptor pathways and/or the calcium channels on the bladder myocytes. Given the central importance of these two pathways in the cellular functioning of many organ systems in the body, such therapeutic strategies are not only crude methods for modulating bladder smooth muscle tone; rather, because of their very mechanism(s) of action, they are also virtually guaranteed to have significant and undesirable systemic effects. Accordingly, there is a great need for improved treatment options for bladder dysfunction. 
     Despite multiple attempts to develop a cure or treatment for diseases caused by altered smooth muscle tone, current therapies are inadequate because they provide limited efficacy and/or significant side effects. Thus, there is a long-felt need in the art for a pharmaceutical and/or medical intervention to address the underlying cause of altered smooth muscle tone by increasing efficacy with minimal side effects. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention provides methods of treating or alleviating a sign or symptom of overactive bladder syndrome or detrusor overactivity in a human subject by administering intradetrusorally to at least two or more sites a unit dose of a composition comprising a vector having a promoter and a nucleic acid encoding a Maxi-K channel peptide. The promoter is for example, a smooth muscle promoter or a cytomegalovirus intermediate-early promoter. The unit dose is a single unit dose. Alternatively, two or more unit doses are administered at different times. 
     The unit dose is between about 5,000-50,000 mcg. For example, the unit dose is at least 10,000 mcg. Preferably, the unit dose is 16,000 mcg or 24,000 mcg. 
     The composition is administered at 5, 10, 15, 20 or more sites. 
     The sign or symptom is for example, frequency of micturition or urgency. 
     In some aspects the vector contains nucleic acid elements in the following order: a human cytomegalovirus intermediate-early promoter sequence, such as SEQ ID NO: 1; a T7 priming site sequence, such as SEQ ID NO: 2; a hSlo open reading frame sequence, such as SEQ ID NO: 7; a BGH polyadenylation signal sequence, such as SEQ ID NO: 3; a kanamycin resistance sequence, such as SEQ ID NO: 5 and a pUC origin of replication sequence, such as SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain aspects, the hSlo open reading frame sequence comprises a point mutation at position 1054 of SEQ ID NO: 7 resulting in a serine at position 352 of SEQ ID NO: 8. 
     The invention provides a vector, the vector comprising nucleic acid elements in the following order: a human cytomegalovirus intermediate-early promoter sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 1; a T7 priming site sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 2; a hSlo open reading frame sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 7; a BGH polyadenylation signal sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 3; a kanamycin resistance sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 5; and a pUC origin of replication sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 4. In some aspects of the vector, the hSlo open reading frame sequence has a single point mutation at nucleotide position 1054 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and said point mutation results in serine at position 352 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In some aspects, the vector comprises a plasmid, an adenoviral vector, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, a retroviral vector or a liposome. In some aspects, the plasmid is pVAX. 
     The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a plurality of the vector of the disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for injection into smooth muscle. In some aspects, the plurality of the vector is combined with a 20-25% sucrose in saline solution. 
     In some aspects of the pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure, the unit dose is a single unit dose. In some aspects, the unit dose is between about 5,000-50,000 mcg. In some aspects, the unit dose is at least 10,000 mcg. In some aspects, the unit dose is 16,000 mcg or 24,000 mcg. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the present invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety. In cases of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples described herein are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. 
     Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from and encompassed by the following detailed description and claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  A-D is a series of four bar graphs which show micturition parameters following 2 weeks of obstruction in the two treatment groups. 
         FIG. 2  A-C is a series of three graphs which show cystometric recordings following 2 weeks of obstruction in a control group ( FIG. 2A ), a vector only (pVAX) group ( FIG. 2B ), and a group treated with hSlo ( FIG. 2C ). 
         FIG. 3  shows three graphs of cystometric recordings in a rat given vector only (pVAX), and 300 and 1000 μg of pVAX/hSLO. 
         FIG. 4  is a bar graph which shows average number of copies of pVAX/hSLO vector in tissues of female rats after two injections of 1000 μg. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram which shows injection sites of the pVAX/hSLO vector in human subjects. 
         FIG. 6  is a bar graph showing the change in mean number of voids per day over time by treatment in human subjects. Error bars represent standard error of the means (SEM). 
         FIG. 7  is a bar graph showing the change in mean urgency episodes over time by treatment in human subjects. Error bars represent standard error of the means (SEM). 
         FIG. 8  is a plasmid map of pVAX/hSLO. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides methods of gene therapy for treating physiological dysfunctions of the bladder. Specifically, the invention is based upon the discovery that direct injection of a vector that contains the gene that expresses the human Maxi-K channel (hMaxi-K) into the smooth muscle of the bladder wall significantly alleviated the symptoms of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence in women. Specifically, participants received a total dose of either 16,000 mcg or 24,000 mcg of hMaxi-K administered as 20-30 intramuscular injections into the bladder. Participants were seen 8 times within a 24-week period and a follow up at 18 months. The average diary data collected 7 days prior to each visit revealed statically significant reduction of voids per day as well as the mean number of urgency episodes per day for those participants receiving hMaxi-K compared to placebo. 
     The MaxiK channel (also known as the BK channel) provides an efflux pathway for potassium ions from the cell, allowing relaxation of smooth muscle by inhibition of the voltage sensitive Ca 2+  channel, and thereby effecting normalization of organ function by reducing pathological heightened smooth muscle tone. The terms “MaxiK channel” and “BK channel” are used interchangeably herein. 
     Structurally, MaxiK channels are composed of alpha and beta subunits. Four alpha subunits form the pore of the channel, and these alpha subunits are encoded by a single Slo1 gene (also called hSlo, hSlo and potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1, or KCNM1). There are four beta subunits which can modulate MaxiK channel function. Each beta subunit has distinct tissue specific expression and modulatory functions, with the beta-1 subunit (potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulator beta subunit 1, or KCNMB1) primarily expressed in smooth muscle cells. 
     Strategic clusters of MaxiK channels in close proximity to the ryanodine-sensitive calcium stores of the underlying sarcoplasmic reticulum provide an important mechanism for the local modulation of calcium signals (i.e., sparks) and membrane potential in diverse smooth muscle, including urinary bladder. The increase in the intracellular calcium level increases the open probability of the MaxiK channel, thus increasing the outward movement of K +  through the calcium sensitive MaxiK channel. The efflux of K +  causes a net movement of positive charge out of the cell, making the cell interior more negatively charged with respect to the outside. This has two major effects. First, the increased membrane potential ensures that the calcium channel spends more time closed than open. Second, because the calcium channel is more likely to be closed, there is a decreased net flux of Ca 2+  into the cell and a corresponding reduction in the free intracellular calcium levels. The reduced intracellular calcium promotes smooth muscle relaxation. The major implication of having more MaxiK channels in the cell membrane, therefore, is that it should lead to enhanced smooth muscle cell relaxation to any given stimulus for relaxation. 
     Increased intercellular communication among detrusor myocytes occurs in both animal models of partial urethral obstruction (PUO) and humans with detrusor overactivity (DO). With respect to increased intercellular communication, the impact of increased calcium signaling may be augmented when compared to a normal bladder with potentially lower levels of intercellular coupling. This increased calcium signaling contributes, at least in part, to the “non-voiding contractions” observed in the PUO rat model. However, if there were a parallel increase in MaxiK channel expression (for example, as a result of over-expression of a MaxiK channel encoding transgene of a composition or method of the disclosure), then presumably the resultant recombinant and/or transgenic MaxiK channels expressed by these transfected cells may “short circuit” abnormally increased calcium signals. This prevents further spread through gap junctions, and thus, prevents sufficient augmentation of abnormal and increased calcium signaling (by, for example, non-transfected myocyte recruitment) to mitigate abnormal contractile responses. The reduction of abnormal contractile responses in individual cells or groups of cells, by over-expression of a MaxiK channel encoding transgene of a composition or method of the disclosure eliminates or ameliorates the non-voiding contractions characteristic of DO, the clinical correlate of urgency. Conversely, because the involvement of spinal reflexes in the micturition response produces coordinated detrusor contractions well in excess of the abnormally increased calcium signaling associated with DO, MaxiK transgene over-expression may effectively reduce or inhibit the weaker abnormally increased calcium signal that contributes to DO (as measured in an animal model as a decrease in IMP (intermicturition pressure) or SA (spontaneous activity compared to control levels), without significantly or detectably affecting the more robust micturition contraction response. 
     Aging and disease can result in changes in the expression of the final product of the hSlo gene, the gene that expresses the α-subunit of the large conductance Ca2+-activated, voltage sensitive potassium (BKα) channel. Those changes result in reduced organ-specific physiological modification of the tone of the smooth muscle that comprises the organ. The effect is heightened tone of the smooth muscle cells in the organs that cause human diseases such as erectile dysfunction (ED) in the penis, urinary urgency, frequency, nocturia, and incontinence in the bladder (e.g. over active bladder (OAB) syndrome), asthma in the lungs, irritable bowel in the colon, glaucoma in the eyes and bladder outlet obstruction in the prostate. 
     Methods of the Invention 
     The present invention provides a method of gene therapy for treating physiological dysfunctions of smooth muscle. Specifically, the methods of the invention are used to treat or alleviate a symptom of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome or detrusor overactivity. 
     OAB syndrome is characterized by a group of symptoms that include, but are not limited to, urinary urgency, frequency, nocturia and incontinence. OAB is subdivided into idiopathic OAB and neurogenic OAB 
     Detrusor overactivity is defined as a urodynamic observation characterized by involuntary detrusor contractions during the filling phase that may be spontaneous or provoked. Detrusor overactivity is subdivided into idiopathic detrusor overactivity and neurogenic detrusor overactivity. 
     The compositions and methods of the disclosure provide for the delivery of a nucleic acid encoding hMaxi-K to cells in a human subject or patient in need thereof. In some cases, delivery of the nucleic acid may be referred to as gene therapy. 
     The composition and methods of the disclosure provide for any suitable method for delivery of the hMaxi-K nucleic acid or mutant thereof. In some cases, delivery of the nucleic acid may be performed using any suitable “vector” (sometimes also referred to as “gene delivery” or “gene transfer” vehicle). Vector, delivery vehicle, gene delivery vehicle or gene transfer vehicle, may refer to any suitable macromolecule or complex of molecules comprising a polynucleotide to be delivered to a target cell. In some cases, a target cell may be any cell to which the nucleic acid or gene is delivered. The polynucleotide to be delivered may comprise a coding sequence of interest in gene therapy, such as the hSlo gene. 
     The hSlo gene is introduced into a smooth muscle cell of the bladder by direct injection into the detrusor muscle. 
     For example, suitable vectors may include but are not limited to, viral vectors such as adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses (AAV), and retroviruses, liposomes, other lipid-containing complexes, and other macromolecular complexes capable of mediating delivery of a polynucleotide to a target cell. 
     Alternatively, the hSlo gene is transferred into the smooth muscle cells by naked DNA transfer, using a mammalian vector. “Naked DNA” is herein defined as DNA contained in a non-viral vector. The DNA sequence may be combined with a sterile aqueous solution, which is preferably isotonic with the blood of the recipient. Such a solution may be prepared by suspending the DNA in water containing physiologically-compatible substances (such as sodium chloride, glycine, and the like), maintaining a buffered pH compatible with physiological conditions, and rendering the solution sterile. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the DNA is combined with a 20-25% sucrose-in-saline solution, (e.g. phosphate buffered saline) in preparation for introduction into a smooth muscle cell. 
     As described herein, nucleic acids may refer to polynucleotides. Nucleic acid and polynucleotide may be used interchangeably. In some cases nucleic acids may comprise DNA or RNA. In some aspects, nucleic acids may include DNA or RNA for the expression of Maxi-K. In some aspects RNA nucleic acids may include but are not limited to a transcript of a gene of interest (e.g. Slo), introns, untranslated regions, termination sequences and the like. In other cases, DNA nucleic acids may include but are not limited to sequences such as hybrid promoter gene sequences, strong constitutive promoter sequences, the gene of interest (e.g. Slo), untranslated regions, termination sequences and the like. In some cases, a combination of DNA and RNA may be used. 
     As described in the disclosure herein, the term “expression construct” is meant to include any type of genetic construct containing a nucleic acid or polynucleotide coding for gene products in which part or all of the nucleic acid encoding sequence is capable of being transcribed. The transcript may be translated into a protein. In some aspects it may be partially translated or not translated. In certain aspects, expression includes both transcription of a gene and translation of mRNA into a gene product. In other aspects, expression only includes transcription of the nucleic acid encoding genes of interest. 
     The nucleic acid may be measured as the quantity of nucleic acid. Generally, any suitable amount of nucleic acid may be used with the compositions and methods of this disclosure. In some cases, nucleic acid may be at least about 1 pg, 10 pg, 100 pg, 1 pg, 10 pg, 100 pg, 200 pg, 300 pg, 400 pg, 500 pg, 600 pg, 700 pg, 800 pg, 900 pg, 1 μg, 10 μg, 100 μg, 200 μg, 300 μg, 400 μg, 500 μg, 600 μg, 700 μg, 800 μg, 900 μg, 1 ng, 10 ng, 100 ng, 200 ng, 300 ng, 400 ng, 500 ng, 600 ng, 700 ng, 800 ng, 900 ng, 1 mg, 10 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg, 700 mg, 800 mg, 900 mg 1 g, 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, or 5 g. In some cases, nucleic acid may be at most about 1 pg, 10 pg, 100 pg, 1 pg, 10 pg, 100 pg, 200 pg, 300 pg, 400 pg, 500 pg, 600 pg, 700 pg, 800 pg, 900 pg, 1 μg, 10 μg, 100 μg, 200 μg, 300 μg, 400 μg, 500 μg, 600 μg, 700 μg, 800 μg, 900 μg, 1 ng, 10 ng, 100 ng, 200 ng, 300 ng, 400 ng, 500 ng, 600 ng, 700 ng, 800 ng, 900 ng, 1 mg, 10 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg, 700 mg, 800 mg, 900 mg, 1 g, 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, or 5 g. 
     In some cases nucleic acid may be at least about 5000 mcg, 7500 mcg, 10,000 mcg, 12,500 mcg, 15,000 mcg, 16,000 mcg, 17,500 mcg, 20,000 mcg, 22,500 mcg, 24,000 mcg 25,000 mcg, 30,000 mcg, 35,000 mcg, 40,000 mcg, 45,000 mcg or 50,000 mcg. 
     As used herein mcg and μg are used interchangeably. 
     The present invention specifically provides a method of gene therapy wherein the MaxiK channel protein involved in the regulation of smooth muscle tone modulates relaxation of smooth muscle. These proteins will promote or enhance relaxation of smooth muscle, and will thus decrease smooth muscle tone. In particular, where smooth muscle tone is decreased in the bladder, bladder capacity will be increased. 
     Furthermore, the present invention specifically provides a method of regulating bladder smooth muscle tone in a subject, comprising the introduction, into bladder smooth muscle cells of the subject, of a DNA sequence encoding a protein involved in the regulation of smooth muscle tone, and expression in a sufficient number of bladder smooth muscle cells of the subject to enhance bladder relaxation in the subject. In this embodiment, the method of the present invention is used to alleviate a hyperreflexic bladder. A hyperreflexic bladder may result from a variety of disorders, including neurogenic and arteriogenic dysfunctions, as well as other conditions which cause incomplete relaxation or heightened contractility of the smooth muscle of the bladder. The subject may be animal or human, and is preferably human. 
     The recombinant vectors and plasmids of the present invention may also contain a nucleotide sequence encoding suitable regulatory elements, so as to effect expression of the vector construct in a suitable host cell. As used herein, “expression” refers to the ability of the vector to transcribe the inserted DNA sequence into mRNA so that synthesis of the protein encoded by the inserted nucleic acid can occur. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the following: (1) that a variety of enhancers and promoters are suitable for use in the constructs of the invention; and (2) that the constructs will contain the necessary start, termination, and control sequences for proper transcription and processing of the DNA sequence encoding a protein involved in the regulation of smooth muscle tone, upon introduction of the recombinant vector construct into a host cell. 
     The non-viral vectors provided by the present invention, for the expression in a smooth muscle cell of the DNA sequence encoding a protein involved in the regulation of smooth muscle tone, may comprise all or a portion of any of the following vectors known to one skilled in the art: pVax (Thermnno Fisher Scientific), pCMVβ (Invitrogen), pcDNA3 (Invitrogen), pET-3d (Novagen), pProEx-1 (Life Technologies), pFastBac 1 (Life Technologies), pSFV (Life Technologies), pcDNA2 (Invitrogen), pSL301 (Invitrogen), pSE280 (Invitrogen), pSE380 (Invitrogen), pSE420 (Invitrogen), pTrcHis A,B,C (Invitrogen), pRSET A,B,C (Invitrogen), pYES2 (Invitrogen), pAC360 (Invitrogen), pVL1392 and pV11392 (Invitrogen), pCDM8 (Invitrogen), pcDNA I (Invitrogen), pcDNA I(amp) (Invitrogen), pZeoSV (Invitrogen), pRc/CMV (Invitrogen), pRc/RSV (Invitrogen), pREP4 (Invitrogen), pREP7 (Invitrogen), pREP8 (Invitrogen), pREP9 (Invitrogen), pREP10 (Invitrogen), pCEP4 (Invitrogen), pEBVHis (Invitrogen), and λPop6. Other vectors would be apparent to one skilled in the art. Preferably the vector is pVax. 
     In some embodiments, the pVax vector sequence comprises a sequence of: 
                        (SEQ ID NO: 10)                                1   G   A   CTCTTCGC GATGTACGGG CCAGATATAC GCGTTGACAT TGATTATTGA CTAGTTATTA                     61   ATAGTAATCA ATTACGGGGT CATTAGTTCA TAGCCCATAT ATGGAGTTCC GCGTTACATA                121   ACTTACGGTA AATGGCCCGC CTGGCTGACC GCCCAACGAC CCCCGCCCAT TGACGTCAAT                181   AATGACGTAT GTTCCCATAG TAACGCCAAT AGGGACTTTC CATTGACGTC AATGGGTGGA                241   CTATTTACGG TAAACTGCCC ACTTGGCAGT ACATCAAGTG TATCATATGC CAAGTACGCC                301   CCCTATTGAC GTCAATGACG GTAAATGGCC CGCCTGGCAT TATGCCCAGT ACATGACCTT                361   ATGGGACTTT CCTACTTGGC AGTACATCTA CGTATTAGTC ATCGCTATTA CCATGGTGAT                421   GCGGTTTTGG CAGTACATCA ATGGGCGTGG ATAGCGGTTT GACTCACGGG GATTTCCAAG                481   TCTCCACCCC ATTGACGTCA ATGGGAGTTT GTTTTGGCAC CAAAATCAAC GGGACTTTCC                541   AAAATGTCGT AACAACTCCG CCCCATTGAC GCAAATGGGC GGTAGGCGTG TACGGTGGGA                601   GGTCTATATA AGCAGAGCTC TCTGGCTAAC TAGAGAACCC ACTGCTTACT GGCTTATCGA                661   AATTAATACG ACTCACTATA GGGAGACCCA AGCTGGCTAG CGTTTAAACT TAAGCTTGGT                721   ACCGAGCTCG GATCCACTAG TCCAGTGTGG TGGAATTCTG CAGATATCCA GCACAGTGGC                781   GGCCGCTCGA GTCTAGAGGG CCCGTTTAAA CCCGCTGATC AGCCTCGACT GTGCCTTCTA                841   GTTGCCAGCC ATCTGTTGTT TGCCCCTCCC CCGTGCCTTC CTTGACCCTG GAAGGTGCCA                901   CTCCCACTGT CCTTTCCTAA TAAAATGAGG AAATTGCATC GCATTGTCTG AGTAGGTGTC                961   ATTCTATTCT GGGGGGTGGG GTGGGGCAGG ACAGCAAGGG GGAGGATTGG GAAGACAATA               1021   GCAGGCATGC TGGGGATGCG GTGGGCTCTA TGGCTTCTAC TGGGCGGTTT TATGGACAGC               1081   AAGCGAACCG GAATTGCCAG CTGGGGCGCC CTCTGGTAAG GTTGGGAAGC CCTGCAAAGT               1141   AAACTGGATG GCTTTCT   C   GC CGCCAAGGAT CTGATGGCGC AGGGGATCAA GCTCTGATCA               1201   AGAGACAGGA TGAGGATCGT TTCGCATGAT TGAACAAGAT GGATTGCACG CAGGTTCTCC               1261   GGCCGCTTGG GTGGAGAGGC TATTCGGCTA TGACTGGGCA CAACAGACAA TCGGCTGCTC               1321   TGATGCCGCC GTGTTCCGGC TGTCAGCGCA GGGGCGCCCG GTTCTTTTTG TCAAGACCGA               1381   CCTGTCCGGT GCCCTGAATG AACTGCAAGA CGAGGCAGCG CGGCTATCGT GGCTGGCCAC               1441   GACGGGCGTT CCTTGCGCAG CTGTGCTCGA CGTTGTCACT GAAGCGGGAA GGGACTGGCT               1501   GCTATTGGGC GAAGTGCCGG GGCAGGATCT CCTGTCATCT CACCTTGCTC CTGCCGAGAA               1561   AGTATCCATC ATGGCTGATG CAATGCGGCG GCTGCATACG CTTGATCCGG CTACCTGCCC               1621   ATTCGACCAC CAAGCGAAAC ATCGCATCGA GCGAGCACGT ACTCGGATGG AAGCCGGTCT               1681   TGTCGATCAG GATGATCTGG ACGAAGAGCA TCAGGGGCTC GCGCCAGCCG AACTGTTCGC               1741   CAGGCTCAAG GCGAGCATGC CCGACGGCGA GGATCTCGTC GTGACCCATG GCGATGCCTG               1801   CTTGCCGAAT ATCATGGTGG AAAATGGCCG CTTTTCTGGA TTCATCGACT GTGGCCGGCT               1861   GGGTGTGGCG GACCGCTATC AGGACATAGC GTTGGCTACC CGTGATATTG CTGAAGAGCT               1921   TGGCGGCGAA TGGGCTGACC GCTTCCTCGT GCTTTACGGT ATCGCCGCTC CCGATTCGCA               1981   GCGCATCGCC TTCTATCGCC TTCTTGACGA GTTCTTCTGA ATTATTAACG CTTACAATTT               2041   CCTGATGCGG TATTTTCTCC TTACGCATCT GTGCGGTATT TCACACCGCA T   A   CAGGTGGC               2101   ACTTTTCGGG GAAATGTGCG CGGAACCCCT ATTTGTTTAT TTTTCTAAAT ACATTCAAAT               2161   ATGTATCCGC TCATGAGACA ATAACCCTGA TAAATGCTTC AATAATAGCA CGTGCTAAAA               2221   CTTCATTTTT AATTTAAAAG GATCTAGGTG AAGATCCTTT TTGATAATCT CATGACCAAA               2281   ATCCCTTAAC GTGAGTTTTC GTTCCACTGA GCGTCAGACC CCGTAGAAAA GATCAAAGGA               2341   TCTTCTTGAG ATCCTTTTTT TCTGCGCGTA ATCTGCTGCT TGCAAACAAA AAAACCACCG               2401   CTACCAGCGG TGGTTTGTTT GCCGGATCAA GAGCTACCAA CTCTTTTTCC GAAGGTAACT               2461   GGCTTCAGCA GAGCGCAGAT ACCAAATACT GT   C   CTTCTAG TGTAGCCGTA GTTAGGCCAC               2521   CACTTCAAGA ACTCTGTAGC ACCGCCTACA TACCTCGCTC TGCTAATCCT GTTACCAGTG               2581   GCTGCTGCCA GTGGCGATAA GTCGTGTCTT ACCGGGTTGG ACTCAAGACG ATAGTTACCG               2641   GATAAGGCGC AGCGGTCGGG CTGAACGGGG GGTTCGTGCA CACAGCCCAG CTTGGAGCGA               2701   ACGACCTACA CCGAACTGAG ATACCTACAG CGTGAGCTAT GAGAAAGCGC CAGGCTTCCC               2761   GAAGGGAGAA AGGCGGACAG GTATCCGGTA AGCGGCAGGG TCGGAACAGG AGAGCGCACG               2821   AGGGAGCTTC CAGGGGGAAA CGCCTGGTAT CTTTATAGTC CTGTCGGGTT TCGCCACCTC               2881   TGACTTGAGC GTCGATTTTT GTGATGCTCG TCAGGGGGGC GGAGCCTATG GAAAAACGCC               2941   AGCAACGCGG CCTTTTTACG GTTCCTGGGC TTTTGCTGGC CTTTTGCTCA CATGTTCTT.            
In some embodiments, the pVAX sequence comprises a sequence with at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the pVAX sequence comprises a substitution of G for A at position 2 of SEQ ID NO: 10, an additional G at position 5 of SEQ ID NO: 10, a substitution of T for C at position 1158 of SEQ ID NO: 10, a missing A at position 2092 of SEQ ID NO: 10, a substitution of T for C at position 2493 of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a combination thereof.
 
     Promoters suitable for the present invention include, but are not limited to, constitutive promoters, tissue-specific promoters, and inducible promoters. In some embodiments the promoter is a smooth muscle promotor. In other embodiments the promotor is a muscle cell promotor. Preferably, the promotor is not an urothelium specific expression promotor. 
     In one embodiment of the invention, expression of the DNA sequence encoding a protein involved in the regulation of smooth muscle tone is controlled and affected by the particular vector into which the DNA sequence has been introduced. Some eukaryotic vectors have been engineered so that they are capable of expressing inserted nucleic acids to high levels within the host cell. Such vectors utilize one of a number of powerful promoters to direct the high level of expression. Eukaryotic vectors use promoter-enhancer sequences of viral genes, especially those of tumor viruses. This particular embodiment of the invention provides for regulation of expression of the DNA sequence encoding the protein, through the use of inducible promoters. Non-limiting examples of inducible promoters include metallothionine promoters and mouse mammary tumor virus promoters. Depending on the vector, expression of the DNA sequence in the smooth muscle cell would be induced by the addition of a specific compound at a certain point in the growth cycle of the cell. Other examples of promoters and enhancers effective for use in the recombinant vectors of the present invention include, but are not limited to, CMV (cytomegalovirus), SV40 (simian virus 40), HSV (herpes simplex virus), EBV (Epstein-Barr virus), retrovirus, adenoviral promoters and enhancers, and smooth-muscle-specific promoters and enhancers. An example of a smooth-muscle-specific promoter is SM22α. Exemplary smooth muscle promoters are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,169,764, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     In preferred embodiments, the promotor is a SM22α promoter sequence and may include but is not limited to sequences such as: 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                 (SEQ ID NO: 9) 
               
               
                 gaattcagga cgtaatcagt ggctggaaag caagagctct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agaggagctc tgacccttcc ttcagatgcc acaaggaggt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctggagttc tatgcaccaa cagccaggct ggctgtagtg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gattgagcgt ctgaggctgc acctctctgg gttctgggtg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agactgaccc tgcctgaggg ttctctcctt ccctctctct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccctctccct ctccctctct ctgtttcctg aggtttccag 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gattggggat gacaccacta aagccttacc ttttaagaag 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttgcattcag tgagtgtgtg cagatagggg cagaggagag 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctggttctgt ctccactgtg tttggtcttg tcagaccatc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggtgtgata gcagttgtct ttaaccctaa ccctgagcct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcccttccca agaccactga agctaggtgc aagataagtg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggacccttt aggatctttc acgataagga ctattttgaa 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggagggagg gtgacactgt ttaccctagt gtctccagcc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttgccaggcc ttaaacatcc gcccattgtc aaggggccag 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggttgacttg ctgctaaaca aggcactccc tagagaagca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcataccata cctgtgggca ggatgaccca tgttctgcca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgcacttggt aggccacttt gaacctcaat tttctcaact 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttaaatggg gtggtaactg ataaagggga acgtgaaagg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaggcgtttg catagtgcct ggttgtgcag gtcaagacta 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttcccacca actcgatttt aaagccttgc aagaaggtgg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccttgcaggt tcctttgtcg ggccaaactc tagaatgcct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccccctttct agagcagacc caagtccggg taacaaggaa 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggtttcagg gtcctgccca ttcccggccg ccctcagcac 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgccccgccc cgacccccgc agcatctcca cagcttatta 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tagcttaaac cctgcagcca actcctttct gggactcaga 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agacatagca ggtactgaac gtctcacctg ctgaggtggt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctagtcctc acccgctcta gcccgctaga agccttggaa 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctatctcata ccaggctgca cttgtttgtc ttctcattga 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taaaaggttt aagcatgcag agaatgtctc cggctgcccc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgacagactg ctccaacttg gtgtctttcc ccaaatatgg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agcctgtgtg gagtgagtgg ggcggcccgg ggtggtgagc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caagcagact tccatgggca gggaggggcg ccagcggacg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcagaggggt gacatcactg cctaggcggc ctttaaaccc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcacccagc cggcgcccca gcccgtctgc cccagcccag 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acaccgaagc tactctcctt ccagtccaca aacgaccaag 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccttgtaagt gcaagtcat. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In preferred embodiments, the promotor is a human cytomegalovirus intermediate-early promoter sequence and may include but is not limited to sequences such as: 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                 (SEQ ID NO: 1) 
               
               
                 CGTTACATAACTTACGGTAAATGGCCCGCCTGGCTGACCGCCCAACGACCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCGCCCATTGACGTCAATAATGACGTATGTTCCCATAGTAACGCCAATAGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GACTTTCCATTGACGTCAATGGGTGGAGTATTTACGGTAAACTGCCCACTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCAGTACATCAAGTGTATCATATGCCAAGTACGCCCCCTATTGACGTCAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGACGGTAAATGGCCCGCCTGGCATTATGCCCAGTACATGACCTTATGGGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTTTCCTACTTGGCAGTACATCTACGTATTAGTCATCGCTATTACCATGGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GATGCGGTTTTGGCAGTACATCAATGGGCGTGGATAGCGGTTTGACTCACG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGGATTTCCAAGTCTCCACCCCATTGACGTCAATGGGAGTTTGTTTTGGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCAAAATCAACGGGACTTTCCAAAATGTCGTAACAACTCCGCCCCATTGAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCAAATGGGCGGTAGGCGTGTACGGTGGGAGGTCTATATAAGCAGAGCT. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In some aspects, a T7 priming site may be included such as, but is not limited to, sequences such as TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG SEQ ID NO: 2. 
     In some aspects, the recombinant virus and/or plasmid used to express a DNA sequence or protein of the disclosure comprises a polyA (polyadenylation) sequence, such as those provided herein (e.g., BGH polyA sequence.). Generally, any suitable polyA sequence may be used for the desired expression of the transgene For example, in some cases, the present disclosure provides for a sequence comprising BGH polyA sequence, or portion of a BGH polyA sequence. In some cases, the present disclosure provides for polyA sequences comprising a combination of one or more polyA sequences or sequence elements. In some cases, no polyA sequence is used. In some cases one or more polyA sequences may be referred to as untranslated regions (UTRs), 3′ UTRs, or termination sequences. 
     A polyA sequence may comprise a length of 1-10 bp, 10-20 bp, 20-50 bp, 50-100 bp, 100-500 bp, 500 bp-1 Kb, 1 Kb-2 Kb, 2 Kb-3 Kb, 3 Kb-4 Kb, 4 Kb-5 Kb, 5 Kb-6 Kb, 6 Kb-7 Kb, 7 Kb-8 Kb, 8 Kb-9 Kb, and 9 Kb-10 Kb in length. A polyA sequence may comprise a length of at least 1 bp, 2 bp, 3 bp, 4 bp, 5 bp, 6 bp, 7 bp, 8 bp, 9 bp, 10 bp, 20 bp, 30 bp, 40 bp, 50 bp, 60 bp, 70 bp, 80 bp, 90 bp, 100 bp, 200 bp, 300 bp, 400 bp, 500 bp, 600 bp, 700 bp, 800 bp, 900 bp, 1 Kb, 2 Kb, 3 Kb, 4 Kb, 5 Kb, 6 Kb, 7 Kb, 8 Kb, 9 Kb, and 10 Kb in length. A polyA sequence may comprise a length of at most 1 bp, 2 bp, 3 bp, 4 bp, 5 bp, 6 bp, 7 bp, 8 bp, 9 bp, 10 bp, 20 bp, 30 bp, 40 bp, 50 bp, 60 bp, 70 bp, 80 bp, 90 bp, 100 bp, 200 bp, 300 bp, 400 bp, 500 bp, 600 bp, 700 bp, 800 bp, 900 bp, 1 Kb, 2 Kb, 3 Kb, 4 Kb, 5 Kb, 6 Kb, 7 Kb, 8 Kb, 9 Kb, and 10 Kb in length. 
     In some cases, a BGH polyA may include but is not limited to sequences such as: 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                 (SEQ ID NO: 3) 
               
               
                 agcctcgact gtgccttcta gttgccagcc atctgttgtt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgcccctccc ccgtgccttc cttgaccctg gaaggtgcca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcccactgt cctttcctaa taaaatgagg aaattgcatc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcattgtctg agtaggtgtc attctattct ggggggtggg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtggggcagg acagcaaggg ggaggattgg gaagacaata 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcaggcatgc tggggatgcg gtgggctcta gtgggctct. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In some cases, polyA sequences may be optimized for various parameters affecting protein expression, including but not limited to mRNA half-life of the transgene in the cell, stability of the mRNA of the transgene or transcriptional regulation. For example, polyA sequences may be altered to increase mRNA transcription of the transgene, which may result in increased protein expression. In some cases, the polyA sequences may be altered to decrease the half-life of the mRNA transcript of the transgene, which may result in decreased protein expression. 
     In some aspects, the vector, comprises a sequence encoding a replication origin sequence, such as those provided herein. Origin of replication sequences, generally provide sequence useful for propagating a plasmid/vector. 
     In some cases, a pUC origin of replication sequence may be include but is not limited to sequences such as: 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                 (SEQ ID NO: 4) 
               
               
                 ccgtagaaaa gatcaaagga tcttcttgag atcctttttt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctgcgcgta atctgctgct tgcaaacaaa aaaaccaccg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctaccagcgg tggtttgttt gccggatcaa gagctaccaa 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctctttttcc gaaggtaact ggcttcagca gagcgcagat 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 accaaatact gtccttctag tgtagccgta gttaggccac 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacttcaaga actctgtagc accgcctaca tacctcgctc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgctaatcct gttaccagtg gctgctgcca gtggcgataa 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtcgtgtctt accgggttgg actcaagacg atagttaccg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gataaggcgc agcggtcggg ctgaacgggg ggttcgtgca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacagcccag cttggagcga acgacctaca ccgaactgag 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atacctacag cgtgagctat gagaaagcgc cacgcttccc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaagggagaa aggcggacag gtatccggta agcggcaggg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcggaacagg agagcgcacg agggagcttc cagggggaaa 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgcctggtat ctttatagtc ctgtcgggtt tcgccacctc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgacttgagc gtcgattttt gtgatgctcg tcaggggggc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggagcctatg gaaaaacgcc agcaacgcgg cctttttacg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttcctgggc ttttgctggc cttttgctca catgttctt. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The vector may also comprise a selectable marker. Selectable markers can be positive, negative or bifunctional. Positive selectable markers allow selection for cells carrying the marker, whereas negative selectable markers allow cells carrying the marker to be selectively eliminated. A variety of such marker genes have been described, including bifunctional (i.e., positive/negative) markers (see, e.g., Lupton, S., WO 92/08796, published May 29, 1992; and Lupton, S., WO 94/28143, published Dec. 8, 1994). Examples of negative selectable markers may include the inclusion of resistance genes to antibiotics, such as ampicillin or kanamycin. Such marker genes can provide an added measure of control that can be advantageous in gene therapy contexts. A large variety of such vectors are known in the art and are generally available. 
     In some cases, a nucleic acid encoding resistance to kanamycin may be include but is not limited to sequences such as: 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                 (SEQ ID NO: 5) 
               
               
                 ttcgcatgat tgaacaagat ggattgcacg caggttctcc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggccgcttgg gtggagaggc tattcggcta tgactgggca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caacagacaa tcggctgctc tgatgccgcc gtgttccggc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtcagcgca ggggcgcccg gttctttttg tcaagaccga 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctgtccggt gccctgaatg aactgcaaga cgaggcagcg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cggctatcgt ggctggccac gacgggcgtt ccttgcgcag 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgtgctcga cgttgtcact gaagcgggaa gggactggct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctattgggc gaagtgccgg ggcaggatct cctgtcatct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caccttgctc ctgccgagaa agtatccatc atggctgatg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caatgcggcg gctgcatacg cttgatccgg ctacctgccc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 attcgaccac caagcgaaac atcgcatcga gcgagcacgt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actcggatgg aagccggtct tgtcgatcag gatgatctgg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acgaagagca tcaggggctc gcgccagccg aactgttcgc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caggctcaag gcgagcatgc ccgacggcga ggatctcgtc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgacccatg gcgatgcctg cttgccgaat atcatggtgg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaaatggccg cttttctgga ttcatcgact gtggccggct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggtgtggcg gaccgctatc aggacatagc gttggctacc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgtgatattg ctgaagagct tggcggcgaa tgggctgacc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcttcctcgt gctttacggt atcgccgctc ccgattcgca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcgcatcgcc ttctatcgcc ttcttgacga gttcttctga. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The recombinant vector/plasmid comprise a polynucleotide encoding a human Maxi-K protein, a mutant Maxi-K protein or a functional fragment thereof. An Exemplary nucleic acid encoding the Maxi-K protein suitable for use in the present invention include the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                 hSlo 
               
               
                 (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
               
               
                 ATGGCAAACGGTGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCAGCAGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCGGCGGAGGCAGCGGTCTTAGAATGAGCAGCAATATCCACGCGAACCAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTCAGCCTAGACGCGTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCTTCCTCTTCTTCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCTTCCTCCTCCTCTTCCTCCTCGTCCTCGGTCCACGAGCCCAAGATGGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCGCTCATCATCCCGGTGACCATGGAGGTGCCGTGCGACAGCCGGGGCCAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGCATGTGGTGGGCTTTCCTGGCCTCCTCCATGGTGACTTTCTTCGGGGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTCTTCATCATCTTGCTCIGGCGGACGCTCAAGTACCTGIGGACCGTGTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGCCACTGCGGGGGCAAGACGAAGGAGGCCCAGAAGATTAACAATGGCTCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGCCAGGCGGATGGCACTCTCAAACCAGTGGATGAAAAAGAGGAGGCAGTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCCGCCGAGGTCGGCTGGATGACCTCCGTGAAGGACTGGGCGGGGGTGATG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATATCCGCCCAGACACTGACTGGCAGAGTCCTGGTTGTCTTAGTCTTTGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTCAGCATCGGTGCACTTGTAATATACTTCATAGATTCATCAAACCCAATA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAATCCTGCCAGAATTTCTACAAAGATTTCACATTACAGATCGACATGGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTCAACGTGTTCTTCCTTCTCTACTTTGGCTTGCGGTTTATTGCAGCCAAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GATAAATTGTGGTTCTGGCTGGAAGTGAACTCTGTAGTGGATTTCTTCACG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTGCCCCCCGTGTTTGTGTCTGTGTACTTAAACAGAAGTTGGCTTGGTTTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGATTTTTAAGAGCTCTGAGACTGATACAGTTTTCAGAAATTTTGCAGTTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTGAATATTCTTAAAACAAGTAATTCCATCAAGCTGGTGAATCTGCTCTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATATTTATCAGCACGTGGCTGACTGCAGCTGGGTTCATCCATTTGGTGGAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AATTCAGGGGACCCATGGGAAAATTTCCAAAACAACCAGGCTCTCACCTAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGGGAATGTGTCATTTACTCATGGTCACAATGTCCACCGTTGGTTATGGGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATGTTTATGCAAAAACCACACTTCGGCGCCTCTTCATGGTCTTCTTCATCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCGGGGGACTGGCCATGTTTGCCAGCTACGTCCCTGAAATCATAGAGTTAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TAGGAAACCGCAAGAAATACGGGGGCTCCTATAGTGCGGTTAGTGGAAGAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGCACATTGTGGTCTGCGGACACATCACTCTGGAGAGTGTTTCCAACTTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGAAGGACTTTCTGCACAAGGACCGGGATGACGTCAATGTGGAGATCGTTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTCTTCACAACATCTCCCCCAACCTGGAGCTTGAAGCTCTGTTCAAACGAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATTTTACTCAGGTGGAATTTTATCAGGGTTCCGTCCTCAATCCACATGATC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTGCAAGAGTCAAGATAGAGTCAGCAGATGCATGCCTGATCCTTGCCAACA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGTACTGCGCTGACCCGGATGCGGAGGATGCCTCGAATATCATGAGAGTAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCTCCATAAAGAACTACCATCCGAAGATAAGAATCATCACTCAAATGCTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGTATCACAACAAGGCCCATCTGCTAAACATCCGAGCTGGAATTGGAAAGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGGTGATGACGCAATCTGCCTCGCAGAGTTGAAGTTGGGCTTCATAGCCCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAGCTGCCTGGCTCAAGGCCTCTCCACCATGCTTGCCAACCTTCTCCATGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGTCATTCATAAAGATTGAGGAAGACACATGGCAGAAATACTACTTGGAAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAGTCTCAAATCAAATGTACACAGAATATCTCTCCAGTGCCTTCGTGGGTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGTCCTTCCCTACTGTTTGTGAGCTGTGTTTTGTGAAGCTCAAGCTCCTAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGATAGCCATTGAGTACAAGTCTGCCAACCGAGAGAGCCGTATATTAATTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATCCTGGAAACCATTTTAAGATCCAAGAAGGTACTTTAGGATTTTTCATCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CAAGTGATGCCAAAGAAGTTAAAAGGGCATTTTTTTACTGCAAGGCCTGTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATGATGACATCACAGATCCCAAAAGAATAAAAAAATGTGGCTGCAAACGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTGAAGATGAGCAGCCGTCAACACTATCACCAAAAAAAAAGCAACGGAATG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAGGCATGCGGAACTCACCCAACACCTCGCCTAAGCTGATGAGGCATGACC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCTTGTTAATTCCTGGCAATGATCAGATTGACAACATGGACTCCAATGTGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGAAGTACGACTCTACTGGGATGTTTCACTGGTGTGCACCCAAGGAGATAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGAAAGTCATCCTGACTCGAAGTGAAGCTGCCATGACCGTCCTGAGTGGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATGTCGTGGTCTGCATCTTTGGCGACGTCAGCTCAGCCCTGATCGGCCTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGAACCTGGTGATGCCGCTCCGTGCCAGCAACTTTCATTACCATGAGCTCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGCACATTGTGTTTGTGGGCTCTATTGAGTACCTCAAGCGGGAATGGGAGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGCTTCATAACTTCCCCAAAGTGTCCATATTGCCTGGTACGCCATTAAGTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGGCTGATTTAAGGGCTGTCAACATCAACCTCTGTGACATGTGCGTTATCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGTCAGCCAATCAGAATAATATTGATGATACTTCGCTGCAGGACAAGGAAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCATCTTGGCGTCACTCAACATCAAATCTATGCAGTTTGATGACAGCATCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAGTCTTGCAGGCTAATTCCCAAGGGTTCACACCTCCAGGAATGGATAGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCTCTCCAGATAACAGCCCAGTGCACGGGATGTTACGTCAACCATCCATCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CAACTGGGGTCAACATCCCCATCATCACTGAACTAGTGAACGATACTAATG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTCAGTTTTTGGACCAAGACGATGATGATGACCCTGATACAGAACTGTACC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCACGCAGCCCTTTGCCTGTGGGACAGCATTTGCCGTCAGTGTCCTGGACT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CACTCATGAGCGCGACGTACTTCAATGACAATATCCTCACCCTGATACGGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCCTGGTGACCGGAGGAGCCACGCCGGAGCTGGAGGCTCTGATTGCTGAGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AAAACGCCCTTAGAGGTGGCTACAGCACCCCGCAGACACTGGCCAATAGGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACCGCTGCCGCGTGGCCCAGTTAGCTCTGCTCGATGGGCCATTTGCGGACT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TAGGGGATGGTGGTTGTTATGGTGATCTGTTCTGCAAAGCTCTGAAAACAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATAATATGCTTTGTTTTGGAATTTACCGGCTGAGAGATGCTCACCTCAGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCCCCAGTCAGTGCACAAAGAGGTATGTCATCACCAACCCGCCCTATGAGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTGAGCTCGTGCCGACGGACCTGATCTTCTGCTTAATGCAGTTTGACCACA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATGCCGGCCAGTCCCGGGCCAGCCTGTCCCATTCCTCCCACTCGTCGCAGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCTCCAGCAAGAAGAGCTCCTCTGTTCACTCCATCCCATCCACAGCAAACC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GACAGAACCGGCCCAAGTCCAGGGAGTCCCGGGACAAACAGAAGTACGTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGGAAGAGCGGCTTTGATATGTGTATCCACCGCCACTGTGTGAAACTGTAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTGCCACTCATTTCCCCAGTTGGTGTTTCCAACAAAGTAACTTTCCCTGTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTCCCCTGTAGTCCCCCCCTTTTTTTTTACACATATTTGCATATGTATGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGTGTGCATGTGGTTGTCATTTTTATTTCACCACCATAAAACCCTTGAGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CAACAGCAAATAAGCAGACGGGCTCCGGAATTCCTGCAGCCCGGGGGATCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACTAG 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Modifications of the hSlo gene may be used to effectively treat human disease that is caused, for example, by alterations of the BK channel expression, activity, upstream signaling events, and/or downstream signaling events. Modifications to a wild type nucleotide or peptide sequence of hSlo may include, but are not limited to, deletions, insertions, frameshifts, substitutions, and inversions. For example, contemplated modifications to the wild type sequence of hSlo include substitutions of a single nucleotide in a DNA, cDNA, or RNA sequence encoding hSlo and/or substitutions of a single amino acid in a peptide or polypeptide sequence encoding hSlo. The substitution of a single nucleotide in a DNA, cDNA, or RNA sequence encoding hSlo and/or a single amino acid in a peptide or polypeptide sequence encoding hSlo is also referred to as a point mutation. Substitutions within a DNA, cDNA, or RNA sequence encoding hSlo and/or a peptide or polypeptide sequence encoding hSlo may be conserved or non-conserved. 
     Preferred modification in the hSlo gene include a point mutation at nucleic acid position 1054 when numbered in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 7. This point mutation results in an amino acid substitution at position 352 of the MaxiK Channel protein when numbered in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 7. For example the point mutation is a substitution of a Serine (S) for a Threonine (T) (e.g., T352S). Optionally, additional modifications in the hSlo gene include point mutations that result in one or more amino acid substitution at amino acid positions 496, 602, 681, 778, 805 or 977 when numbered in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 8. 
     Additional mutations in the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 8) are also highlighted by white lettering on a black background and accompanied by the name of the mutation (e.g. C977A (C1), C496A (C2), C681A (C3), M602L (M1), M778L (M2) and M805L (M3)). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 ATGGCAAATGGTGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCAGCAGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGAGGC 
                 60  
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 M  A  N  G  G  G  G  G  G  G  S  S  G  G  G  G  G  G  G  G  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 61 
                 AGCAGTCTTAGAATGAGTAGCAATATCCACGCGAACCATCTCAGCCTAGACGTGTCCTCC  
                 120  
               
               
                 21 
                 S  S  L  R  M  S  S  N  I  H  A  N  H  L  S  L  D  V  S  S 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 121 
                 TCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCTTCCTCTTCTTCTTCTTCCTCCTCCTCTTCCTCCTCGTCCTCG 
                 180  
               
               
                 41 
                 S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 181 
                 GTCCACGAGCCCAAGATGGATGCGCTCATCATCCCGGTGACCATGGAGGTGCCGTGCGAC  
                 240  
               
               
                 61 
                 V  H  E  P  K  M  D  A  L  I  I  P  V  T  M  E  V  P  C  D  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 241 
                 AGCCGGGGCCAACGCATGTGGTGGGCTTTCCTGGCCTCCTCCATGGTGACTTTCTTCGGG 
                 300  
               
               
                 81 
                 S  R  G  Q  R  M  W  W  A  F  L  A  S  S  M  V  T  F  F  G  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 301 
                 GGCCTCTTCATCATCTTGCTCTGGCGGACGCTCAAGTACCTGTGGACCGTGTGCTGCCAC 
                 360  
               
               
                 101 
                 G  L  F  I  I  L  L  W  R  T  L  K  Y  L  W  T  V  C  C  H 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 361 
                 TGCGGGGGCAAGACGAAGGAGGCCCAGAAGATTAACAATGGCTCAAGCCAGGCGGATGGC 
                 420  
               
               
                 121 
                 C  G  G  K  T  K  E  A  Q  K  I  N  N  G  S  S  Q  A  D  G  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 421 
                 ACTCTCAAACCAGTGGATGAAAAAGAGGAGGCAGTGGCCGCCGAGGTCGGCTGGATGACC 
                 480  
               
               
                 141 
                 T  L  K  P  V  D  E  K  E  E  A  V  A  A  E  V  G  W  M  T 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 481 
                 TCCGTGAAGGACTGGGCGGGGGTGATGATATCCGCCCAGACACTGACTGGCAGAGTCCTG 
                 540  
               
               
                 161 
                 S  V  K  D  W  A  G  V  M  I  S  A  Q  T  L  T  G  R  V  L 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 541 
                 GTTGTCTTAGTCTTTGCTCTCAGCATCGGTGCACTTGTAATATACTTCATAGATTCATCA 
                 600  
               
               
                 181 
                 V  V  L  V  F  A  L  S  I  G  A  L  V  I  Y  F  I  D  S  S 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 601 
                 AACCCAATAGAATCCTGCCAGAATTTCTACAAAGATTTCACATTACAGATCGACATGGCT 
                 660  
               
               
                 201 
                 N  P  I  E  S  C  Q  N  F  Y  K  D  F  T  L  Q  I  D  M  A 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 661 
                 TTCAACGTGTTCTTCCTTCTCTACTTCGGCTTGCGGTTTATTGCAGCCAACGATAAATTG 
                 720  
               
               
                 221 
                 F  N  V  F  F  L  L  Y  F  G  L  R  F  I  A  A  N  D  K  L  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 721 
                 TGGTTCTGGCTGGAAGTGAACTCTGTAGTGGATTTCTTCACGGTGCCCCCCGTGTTTGTG 
                 780  
               
               
                 241 
                 W  F  W  L  E  V  N  S  V  V  D  F  F  T  V  P  P  V  F  V  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 781 
                 TCTGTGTACTTAAACAGAAGTTGGCTTGGTTTGAGATTTTTAAGAGCTCTGAGACTGATA 
                 840  
               
               
                 261 
                 S  V  Y  L  N  R  S  W  L  G  L  R  F  L  R  A  L  R  L  I  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 841 
                 CAGTTTTCAGAAATTTTGCAGTTTCTGAATATTCTTAAAACAAGTAATTCCATCAAGCTG 
                 900  
               
               
                 281 
                 Q  F  S  E  I  L  Q  F  L  N  I  L  K  T  S  N  S  I  K  L  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 901 
                 GTGAATCTGCTCTCCATATTTATCAGCACGTGGCTGACTGCAGCCGGGTTCATCCATTTG 
                 960  
               
               
                 301 
                 V  N  L  L  S  I  F  I  S  T  W  L  T  A  A  G  F  I  H  L 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 961 
                 GTGGAGAATTCAGGGGACCCATGGGAAAATTTCCAAAACAACCAGGCTCTCACCTACTGG 
                 1020  
               
               
                 321 
                 V  E  N  S  G  D  P  W  E  N  F  Q  N  N  Q  A  L  T  Y  W 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1021 
                 GAATGTGTCTATTTACTCATGGTCACAATGTCCACCGTTGGTTATGGGGATGTTTATGCA 
                 1080  
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                   
               
               
                 341 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                   
               
               
                 1081 
                 AAAACCACACTTGGGCGCCTCTTCATGGTCTTCTTCATCCTCGGGGGACTGGCCATGTTT  
                 1140  
               
               
                 361 
                 K  T  T  L  G  R  L  F  M  V  F  F  I  L  G  G  L  A  M  F  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1141 
                 GCCAGCTACGTCCCTGAAATCATAGAGTTAATAGGAAACCGCAAGAAATACGGGGGCTCC 
                 1200  
               
               
                 381 
                 A  S  Y  V  P  E  I  I  E  L  I  G  N  R  K  K  Y  G  G  S  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1201 
                 TATAGTGCGGTTAGTGGAAGAAAGCACATTGTGGTCTGCGGACACATCACTCTGGAGAGT 
                 1260  
               
               
                 401 
                 Y  S  A  V  S  G  R  K  H  I  V  V  C  G  H  I  T  L  E  S  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1261 
                 GTTTCCAACTTCCTGAAGGACTTTCTGCACAAGGACCGGGATGACGTCAATGTGGAGATC 
                 1320  
               
               
                 421 
                 V  S  N  F  L  K  D  F  L  H  K  D  R  D  D  V  N  V  E  I 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1321 
                 GTTTTTCTTCACAACATCTCCCCCAACCTGGAGCTTGAAGCTCTGTTCAAACGACATTTT 
                 1380  
               
               
                 441 
                 V  F  L  H  N  I  S  P  N  L  E  L  E  A  L  F  K  R  H  F  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1381 
                 ACTCAGGTGGAATTTTATCAGGGTTCCGTCCTCAATCCACATGATCTTGCAAGAGTCAAG  
                 1440  
               
               
                 461 
                 T  Q  V  E  F  Y  Q  G  S  V  L  N  P  H  D  L  A  R  V  K 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1441 
                 ATAGAGTCAGCAGATGCATGCCTGATCCTTGCCAACAAGTACTGCGCTGACCCGGATGCG 
                 1500  
               
               
                 481 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                   
               
               
                 1501 
                 GAGGATGCCTCGAATATCATGAGAGTAATCTCCATAAAGAACTACCATCCGAAGATAAGA 
                 1560  
               
               
                 501 
                 E  D  A  S  N  I  M  R  V  I  S  I  K  N  Y  H  P  K  I  R  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1561 
                 ATCATCACTCAAATGCTGCAGTATCACAACAAGGCCCATCTGCTAAACATCCCGAGCTGG 
                 1620  
               
               
                 521 
                 I  I  T  Q  M  L  Q  Y  H  N  K  A  H  L  L  N  I  P  S  W  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1621 
                 AATTGGAAAGAAGGTGATGACGCAATCTGCCTCGCAGAGTTGAAGTTGGGCTTCATAGCC 
                 1680  
               
               
                 541 
                 N  W  K  E  G  D  D  A  I  C  L  A  E  L  K  L  G  F  I  A   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1681 
                 CAGAGCTGCCTGGCTCAAGGCCTCTCCACCATGCTTGCCAACCTCTTCTCCATGAGGTCA  
                 1740  
               
               
                 561 
                 Q  S  C  L  A  Q  G  L  S  T  M  L  A  N  L  F  S  M  R  S  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1741 
                 TTCATAAAGATTGAGGAAGACACATGGCAGAAATACTACTTGGAAGGAGTCTCAAATGAA 
                 1800  
               
               
                 581 
                 F  I  K  I  E  E  D  T  W  Q  K  Y  Y  L  E  G  V  S  N  E  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1801 
                 ATGTACACAGAATATCTCTCCAGTGCCTTCGTGGGTCTGTCCTTCCCTACTGTTTGTGAG 
                 1860  
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1861 
                 CTGTGTTTTGTGAAGCTCAAGCTCCTAATGATAGCCATTGAGTACAAGTCTGCCAACCGA 
                 1920  
                   
               
               
                 621 
                 L  C  F  V  K  L  K  L  L  M  I  A  I  E  Y  K  S  A  N  R  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1921 
                 GAGAGCCGTATATTAATTAATCCTGGAAACCATCTTAAGATCCAAGAAGGTACTTTAGGA 
                 1980  
               
               
                 641 
                 E  S  R  I  L  I  N  P  G  N  H  L  K  I  Q  E  G  T  L  G  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1981 
                 TTTTTCATCGCAAGTGATGCCAAAGAAGTTAAAAGGGCATTTTTTTACTGCAAGGCCTGT 
                 2040  
               
               
                 661 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                   
               
               
                 2041 
                 CATGATGACATCACAGATCCCAAAAGAATAAAAAAATGTGGCTGCAAACGGCTTGAAGAT 
                 2100  
               
               
                 681 
                 H  D  D  I  T  D  P  K  R  I  K  K  C  G  C  K  R  L  E  D  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2101 
                 GAGCAGCCGTCAACACTATCACCAAAAAAAAAGCAACGGAATGGAGGCATGCGGAACTCA 
                 2160  
               
               
                 701 
                 E  Q  P  S  T  L  S  P  K  K  K  Q  R  N  G  G  M  R  N  S  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2161 
                 CCCAACACCTCGCCTAAGCTGATGAGGCATGACCCCTTGTTAATTCCTGGCAATGATCAG  
                 2220  
               
               
                 721 
                 P  N  T  S  P  K  L  M  R  H  D  P  L  L  I  P  G  N  D  Q  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2221 
                 ATTGACAACATGGACTCCAATGTGAAGAAGTACGACTCTACTGGGATGTTTCACTGGTGT  
                 2280  
               
               
                 741 
                 I  D  N  M  D  S  N  V  K  K  Y  D  S  T  G  M  F  H  W  C 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2281 
                 GCACCCAAGGAGATAGAGAAAGTCATCCTGACTCGAAGTGAAGCTGCCATGACCGTCCTG 
                 2340  
               
               
                 761 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                   
               
               
                 2341 
                 AGTGGCCATGTCGTGGTCTGCATCTTTGGCGACGTCAGCTCAGCCCTGATCGGCCTCCGG 
                 2400  
               
               
                 781 
                 S  G  H  V  V  V  C  I  F  G  D  V  S  S  A  L  I  G  L  R  
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2401 
                 AACCTGGTGATGCCGCTCCGTGCCAGCAACTTTCATTACCATGAGCTCAAGCACATTGTG 
                 2460  
               
               
                 801 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                   
               
               
                 2461 
                 TTTGTGGGCTCTATTGAGTACCTCAAGCGGGAATGGGAGACGCTTCATAACTTCCCCAAA 
                 2520  
               
               
                 821 
                 F  V  G  S  I  E  Y  L  K  R  E  W  E  T  L  H  N  F  P  K 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2521 
                 GTGTCCATATTGCCTGGTACGCCATTAAGTCGGGCTGATTTAAGGGCTGTCAACATCAAC 
                 2580  
               
               
                 841 
                 V  S  I  L  P  G  T  P  L  S  R  A  D  L  R  A  V  N  I  N 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2581 
                 CTCTGTGACATGTGCGTTATCCTGTCAGCCAATCAGAATAATATTGATGATACTTCGCTG   
                 2640 
               
               
                 861 
                 L  C  D  M  C  V  I  L  S  A  N  Q  N  N  I  D  D  T  S  L       
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2641 
                 CAGGACAAGGAATGCATCTTGGCGTCACTCAACATCAAATCTATGCAGTTTGATGACAGC 
                 2700  
               
               
                 881 
                 Q  D  K  E  C  I  L  A  S  L  N  I  K  S  M  Q  F  D  D  S 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2701 
                 ATCGGAGTCTTGCAGGCTAATTCCCAAGGGTTCACACCTCCAGGAATGGATAGATCCTCT     
                 2760  
               
               
                 901 
                 I  G  V  L  Q  A  N  S  Q  G  F  T  P  P  G  M  D  R  S  S     
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2761 
                 CCAGATAACAGCCCAGTGCACGGGATGTTACGTCAACCATCCATCACAACTGGGGTCAAC   
                 2820  
               
               
                 921 
                 P  D  N  S  P  V  H  G  M  L  R  Q  P  S  I  T  T  G  V  N   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2821 
                 ATCCCCATCATCACTGAACTAGTGAACGATACTAATGTTCAGTTTTTGGACCAAGACGAT   
                 2880  
               
               
                 941 
                 I  P  I  I  T  E  L  V  N  D  T  N  V  Q  F  L  D  Q  D  D   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2881 
                 GATGATGACCCTGATACAGAACTGTACCTCACGCAGCCCTTTGCCTGTGGGACAGCATTT   
                 2940  
               
               
                 961 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                   
               
               
                 2941 
                 GCCGTCAGTGTCCTGGACTCACTCATGAGCGCGACGTACTTCAATGACAATATCCTCACC 
                 3000  
               
               
                 981 
                 A  V  S  V  L  D  S  L  M  S  A  T  Y  F  N  D  N  I  L  T     
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3001 
                 CTGATACGGACCCTGGTGACCGGAGGAGCCACGCCGGAGCTGGAGGCTCTGATTGCTGAG     
                 3060  
               
               
                 1001 
                 L  I  R  T  L  V  T  G  G  A  T  P  E  L  E  A  L  I  A  E       
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3061 
                 GAAAACGCCCTTAGAGGTGGCTACAGCACCCCGCAGACACTGGCCAATAGGGACCGCTGC     
                 3120  
               
               
                 1021 
                 E  N  A  L  R  G  G  Y  S  T  P  Q  T  L  A  N  R  D  R  C     
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3121 
                 CGCGTGGCCCAGTTAGCTCTGCTCGATGGGCCATTTGCGGACTTAGGGGATGGTGGTTGT     
                 3180  
               
               
                 1041 
                 R  V  A  Q  L  A  L  L  D  G  P  F  A  D  L  G  D  G  G  C     
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3181 
                 TATGGTGATCTGTTCTGCAAAGCTCTGAAAACATATAATATGCTTTGTTTTGGAATTTAC     
                 3240  
               
               
                 1061 
                 Y  G  D  L  F  C  K  A  L  K  T  Y  N  M  L  C  F  G  I  Y     
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3241 
                 CGGCTGAGAGATGCTCACCTCAGCACCCCCAGTCAGTGCACAAAGAGGTATGTCATCACC   
                 3300  
               
               
                 1081 
                 R  L  R  D  A  H  L  S  T  P  S  Q  C  T  K  R  Y  V  I  T   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3301 
                 AACCCGCCCTATGAGTTTGAGCTCGTGCCGACGGACCTGATCTTCTGCTTAATGCAGTTT  
                 3360  
               
               
                 1101 
                 N  P  P  Y  E  F  E  L  V  P  T  D  L  I  F  C  L  M  Q  F   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3361 
                 GACCACAATGCCGGCCAGTCCCGGGCCAGCCTGTCCCATTCCTCCCACTCGTCGCAGTCC 
                 3420  
               
               
                 1121 
                 D  H  N  A  G  Q  S  R  A  S  L  S  H  S  S  H  S  S  Q  S   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3421 
                 TCCAGCAAGAAGAGCTCCTCTGTTCACTCCATCCCATCCACAGCAAACCGACAGAACCGG 
                 3480  
               
               
                 1141 
                 S  S  K  K  S  S  S  V  H  S  I  P  S  T  A  N  R  Q  N  R   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3481 
                 CCCAAGTCCAGGGAGTCCCGGGACAAACAGAAGTACGTGCAGGAAGAGCGGCTT (SEQ. ID NO: 7) 
                 3538  
               
               
                 1161 
                 P  K  S  R  E  S  R  D  K  Q  K  Y  V  Q  E  E  R  L (SEQ ID NO: 8)  
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The present invention further provides a smooth muscle cell which expresses an exogenous DNA sequence encoding a protein involved in the regulation of smooth muscle tone. As used herein, “exogenous” means any DNA that is introduced into an organism or cell. In some embodiments, the exogenous DNA sequence encodes hSlo. 
     Pharmaceutical Compositions 
     A pharmaceutical composition is a formulation containing one or more active ingredients as well as one or more excipients, carriers, stabilizers or bulking agents, which is suitable for administration to a human patient to achieve a desired diagnostic result or therapeutic or prophylactic effect. For storage stability and convenience of handling, a pharmaceutical composition can be formulated as a lyophilized (i.e. freeze dried) or vacuum dried powder which can be reconstituted with saline or water prior to administration to a patient. Alternately, the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated as an aqueous solution. A pharmaceutical composition can contain a proteinaceous active ingredient. Various excipients, such as albumin and gelatin have been used with differing degrees of success to try and stabilize a protein active ingredient present in a pharmaceutical composition. Additionally, cryoprotectants such as alcohols have been used to reduce protein denaturation under the freezing conditions of lyophilization. 
     Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for internal use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion. For intravenous administration, suitable carriers include physiological saline, bacteriostatic water, or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In all cases, the composition must be sterile and should be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof. The proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants such as polysorbates (Tween.™.), sodium dodecyl sulfate (sodium lauryl sulfate), lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), polyethoxylated alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitan, octoxynol (Triton X100.™.), N,N-dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB), polyoxyl 10 lauryl ether, Brij 721.™., bile salts (sodium deoxycholate, sodium cholate), pluronic acids (F-68, F-127), polyoxyl castor oil (Cremophor.™.) nonylphenol ethoxylate (Tergitol.™.), cyclodextrins and, ethylbenzethonium chloride (Hyamine.™.) Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be achieved by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as manitol, sorbitol, sodium chloride in the composition. Prolonged absorption of the internal compositions can be brought about by including in the composition an agent which delays absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin. 
     Sterile solutions can be prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization. Generally, dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above. In the case of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, methods of preparation are vacuum drying and freeze-drying that yields a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof. 
     The pharmaceutical compositions can be included in a container, pack, or dispenser together with instructions for administration. 
     Certain compositions of the present disclosure also incorporate carrier compounds in the formulation. As used herein, “carrier compound” or “carrier” can refer to a nucleic acid, or analog thereof, which is inert (i.e., does not possess biological activity per se) but is recognized as a nucleic acid by in vivo processes that reduce the bioavailability of a nucleic acid having biological activity by, for example, degrading the biologically active nucleic acid or promoting its removal from circulation. The co-administration of a nucleic acid and a carrier compound, generally with an excess of the latter substance, can result in a substantial reduction of the amount of nucleic acid recovered in the liver, kidney or other extra circulatory reservoirs, presumably due to competition between the carrier compound and the nucleic acid for a common receptor. For example, the recovery of a partially phosphorothioate oligonucleotide in hepatic tissue can be reduced when it is co-administered with polyinosinic acid, dextran sulphate, polycytidic acid or 4-acetamido-4′isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2′disulfonic acid (Miyao et al., Antisense Res. Dev., 1995, 5, 115-121; Takakura et al., Antisense &amp; Nucl. Acid Drug Dev., 1996, 6, 177-183). 
     The vector can be incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions for administration to mammalian patients, particularly humans. The vector or virions can be formulated in nontoxic, inert, pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous carriers, preferably at a pH ranging from 3 to 8, more preferably ranging from 6 to 8, most preferably ranging from 6.8 to 7.2. Such sterile compositions will comprise the vector containing the nucleic acid encoding the therapeutic molecule dissolved in an aqueous buffer having an acceptable pH upon reconstitution. 
     In some aspects, the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a vector in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or excipient, for example saline, phosphate buffered saline, phosphate and amino acids, polymers, polyols, sugar, buffers, preservatives and other proteins. Exemplary amino acids, polymers and sugars and the like are octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol compounds, polyethylene glycol monostearate compounds, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, sucrose, fructose, dextrose, maltose, glucose, mannitol, dextran, sorbitol, inositol, galactitol, xylitol, lactose, trehalose, bovine or human serum albumin, citrate, acetate, Ringer&#39;s and Hank&#39;s solutions, cysteine, arginine, carnitine, alanine, glycine, lysine, valine, leucine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene and glycol. 
     In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition provided herein comprises a buffer, such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or sodium phosphate/sodium sulfate, tris buffer, glycine buffer, sterile water and other buffers known to the ordinarily skilled artisan such as those described by Good et al. (1966) Biochemistry 5:467. Preferred pharmaceutical composition contains sodium phosphate, sodium chloride and sucrose. 
     In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition provided herein comprises substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, sucrose or dextran, in the amount about 1-36 percent, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 26 percent (v/v). Preferably the sucrose is about 10-30% (v/v), most preferably the sucrose is about 20%. (v/v). 
     Prior to administration the pharmaceutical composition is free of components used during the production, e.g., culture components, host cell protein, host cell DNA, plasmid DNA and substantially free of mycoplasm, endotoxin, and microbial contamination. Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition has less than 10, 5, 3, 2, or 1 CFU/swab. Most preferably composition has 0 CFU/swab. The endotoxin level in the pharmaceutical composition is less than 26 EU/mL, less than 10 EU/mL or less than 5 EU/mL. 
     Kits 
     Compositions and reagents useful for the present disclosure may be packaged in kits to facilitate application of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the present method provides for a kit comprising a recombinant nucleic acid of the disclosure. In some aspects, the present method provides for a kit comprising a recombinant virus of the disclosure. The instructions could be in any desired form, including but not limited to, printed on a kit insert, printed on one or more containers, as well as electronically stored instructions provided on an electronic storage medium, such as a computer readable storage medium. Also optionally included is a software package on a computer readable storage medium that permits the user to integrate the information and calculate a control dose. 
     In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides kits in the treatment of diseases. 
     In one aspect, a kit comprises: (a) a recombinant virus provided herein, and (b) instructions to administer to cells or an individual a therapeutically effective amount of the recombinant virus. In some aspects, the kit may comprise pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solutions for administering the recombinant virus. Optionally, the kit can further comprise instructions for suitable operational parameters in the form of a label or a separate insert. For example, the kit may have standard instructions informing a physician or laboratory technician to prepare a dose of recombinant virus. 
     Optionally, the kit may further comprise a standard or control information so that a patient sample can be compared with the control information standard to determine if the test amount of recombinant virus is a therapeutic amount Optionally, the kit could further comprise devices for administration, such as a syringe, filter needle, extension tubing, and cannula. 
     Definitions 
     The compositions and methods of this disclosure as described herein may employ, unless otherwise indicated, conventional techniques and descriptions of molecular biology (including recombinant techniques), cell biology, biochemistry, immunochemistry and ophthalmic techniques, which are within the skill of those who practice in the art. Such conventional techniques include methods for observing and analyzing the retina, or vision in a subject, cloning and propagation of recombinant virus, formulation of a pharmaceutical composition, and biochemical purification and immunochemistry. Specific illustrations of suitable techniques can be had by reference to the examples herein. However, equivalent conventional procedures can, of course, also be used. Such conventional techniques and descriptions can be found in standard laboratory manuals such as Green, et al., Eds., Genome Analysis: A Laboratory Manual Series (Vols. I-IV) (1999); Weiner, et al., Eds., Genetic Variation: A Laboratory Manual (2007); Dieffenbach, Dveksler, Eds., PCR Primer: A Laboratory Manual (2003); Bowtell and Sambrook, DNA Microarrays: A Molecular Cloning Manual (2003); Mount, Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis (2004); Sambrook and Russell, Condensed Protocols from Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2006); and Sambrook and Russell, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2002) (all from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press); Stryer, L., Biochemistry (4th Ed.) W.H. Freeman, N.Y. (1995); Gait, “Oligonucleotide Synthesis: A Practical Approach” IRL Press, London (1984); Nelson and Cox, Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd Ed., W.H. Freeman Pub., New York (2000); and Berg et al., Biochemistry, 5th Ed., W.H. Freeman Pub., New York (2002), all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. 
     As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “including”, “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description and/or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising”. 
     Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another case includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another case. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint. The term “about” as used herein refers to a range that is 15% plus or minus from a stated numerical value within the context of the particular usage. For example, about 10 would include a range from 8.5 to 11.5. The term “about” also accounts for typical error or imprecision in measurement of values. 
     In the context of the invention, the term “treating” or “treatment”, as used herein, means reversing, alleviating, inhibiting the progress of, or preventing the disorder or condition to which such term applies, or one or more symptoms of such disorder or condition (e.g., idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome). 
     According to the invention, the term “patient” or “patient in need thereof”, is intended for a human or non-human mammal affected or likely to be affected with idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome. 
     As used herein, the term “detrusor” or “detrusor muscle” is meant the muscle of the bladder. By “intradetrusorally” is meant into the detrusor muscle. 
     As intended herein the expression “isolated nucleic acid” refers to any type of isolated nucleic acid, it can notably be natural or synthetic, DNA or RNA, single or double stranded. In particular, where the nucleic acid is synthetic, it can comprise non-natural modifications of the bases or bonds, in particular for increasing the resistance to degradation of the nucleic acid. Where the nucleic acid is RNA, the modifications notably encompass capping its ends or modifying the 2′ position of the ribose backbone so as to decrease the reactivity of the hydroxyl moiety, for instance by suppressing the hydroxyl moiety (to yield a 2′-deoxyribose or a 2′-deoxyribose-2′-fluororibose), or substituting the hydroxyl moiety with an alkyl group, such as a methyl group (to yield a 2′-O-methyl-ribose). 
     Two amino acid sequences or nucleic acid sequences are “substantially homologous” or “substantially similar” when greater than 80%0, preferably greater than 85%, preferably greater than 90% of the amino acids or nucleic acid sequences are identical, or greater than about 900%, preferably greater than 95%0, are similar (functionally identical). To determine the percent identity of two amino acid sequences or of two nucleic acids, the sequences are aligned for optimal comparison purposes (e.g., gaps can be introduced in the sequence of a first amino acid or nucleic acid sequence for optimal alignment with a second amino or nucleic acid sequence). The amino acid residues or nucleotides at corresponding amino acid positions or nucleotide positions are then compared. When a position in the first sequence is occupied by the same amino acid residue or nucleotide as the corresponding position in the second sequence, then the molecules are identical at that position. The percent identity between the two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences. In one embodiment, the two sequences are the same length. The determination of percent identity between two sequences can be accomplished using a mathematical algorithm. Preferably, the similar or homologous sequences are identified by alignment using, for example, the GCG (Genetics Computer Group, Program Manual for the GCG Package, Version 7, Madison, Wis.) pileup program, or any of sequence comparison algorithms such as BLAST, FASTA, etc. 
     As used herein, the term “vector” refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable of transporting another nucleic acid to which it has been linked. One type of vector is a “plasmid”, which refers to a circular double stranded DNA loop into which additional DNA segments can be ligated. Another type of vector is a viral vector, wherein additional DNA segments can be ligated into the viral genome. Certain vectors are capable of autonomous replication in a host cell into which they are introduced (e.g., bacterial vectors having a bacterial origin of replication and episomal mammalian vectors). Other vectors (e.g., non-episomal mammalian vectors) are integrated into the genome of a host cell upon introduction into the host cell, and thereby are replicated along with the host genome. Moreover, certain vectors, expression vectors, are capable of directing the expression of genes to which they are operably linked. 
     OTHER EMBODIMENTS 
     While the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1: Non-Clinical Studies with of  H M AXI -K Gene Transfer 
     Rats 
     The pathophysiology of partial urinary outlet obstruction in the rat model recapitulates many relevant aspects of the corresponding lower urinary tract symptoms observed in humans. The noted physiological and pathophysiological similarities make it reasonable to assume that studies on the rat bladder will provide insight into at least some aspects of human bladder physiology and dysfunction. 
     Because the physiology of the rat bladder parallels many aspects of the human bladder studies examined the potential utility of bladder instilled K channel gene therapy with hSlo cDNA (i.e., the maxi-K channel) to ameliorate bladder overactivity in a rat model of partial urinary outlet obstruction. 
     In one study, twenty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to partial urethral (i.e., outlet, PUO) obstruction, with 17 sham-operated control rats run in parallel. After 6 weeks of obstruction, suprapubic catheters were surgically placed in the dome of the bladder in all rats. Twelve obstructed rats received bladder instillation of 100 μg of hSlo/pcDNA in 1 ml PBS-20% sucrose during catheterization and another 10 obstructed rats received 1 ml PBS-20% sucrose (7 rats) or 1 ml PBS-20% sucrose containing pcDNA only (3 rats). Two days after surgery cystometry was performed on all animals to examine the characteristics of the micturition reflex in conscious and unrestrained rats. Obstruction was associated with a three to fourfold increase in bladder weight and alterations in virtually every micturition parameter estimate (see Table 1). 
     Obstructed rats injected with PBS-20% sucrose routinely displayed spontaneous bladder contractions between micturitions. In contrast, hSlo injection eliminated the obstruction-associated bladder hyperactivity, without detectably affecting any other cystometric parameter. Presumably, expression of hSlo in rat bladder functionally antagonizes the increased contractility normally observed in obstructed animals and thereby ameliorates bladder overactivity. 
     Another study examined the ability of hSlo gene transfer to alter and/or ameliorate the intermicturition pressure fluctuations observed in an obstructed male rat model. For these studies rats were obstructed for 2 weeks using a perineal approach. Following 2 weeks of obstruction, the rats were catheterized for cystometric investigations and placed into 1 of 2 treatment groups. Age-Matched Control rats were subjected to a sham obstruction and run in parallel. 
     The mean values for the micturition parameters in all experimental animals are summarized in Table 2, and the salient features of these findings are graphically depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . Importantly, as with the study in the 6-week obstructed female rat a single intravesical instillation of 100 μg hSlo/pVAX was associated with statistically significant changes in several micturition parameters of major physiological relevance. 
     A third study evaluated the effects of hSlo gene transfer following 2 weeks of partial urethral outlet obstruction in female rats. In order to create a partial urethral outlet obstruction (PUO), a ligature was placed on the urethra of female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g (Christ et al., 2001) as described above. Two weeks after placement of the ligature, the rats were subjected to surgery for placement of a suprapubic catheter. Two days later, bladder function studies (i.e., cystometry) were performed on conscious, unrestrained rats in metabolic cages. As illustrated in Table 3 and  FIG. 3 , following the 2 weeks of partial urethral outlet obstruction female rats exhibit significant changes in bladder function, as evidenced by the more than 2-fold increase in bladder capacity and the appearance of significant spontaneous bladder contractions. The increased spontaneous bladder contractions were observed as pressure fluctuations between micturitions (see  FIG. 3 ), and can be quantified as shown in Table 3 by the corresponding increases observed in the SA and IMP values. A single intraluminal bladder injection of 300 μg and 1000 μg of pVAX/hSlo (in 1 ml PBS-20% sucrose) resulted in a nearly complete ablation of detrusor overactivity. This effect is reflected by the significant decrease in IMP and SA in the hSlo-treated, obstructed rats when compared with the rats treated with pVAX vector only (see Table 3). Although, a true DO effect relationship for hSlo gene transfer was not shown in this model, this study did demonstrate that over a 1-log unit variation in DO (from 100 to 1000 μg), there is a statistically significant, and moreover, physiologically relevant, diminution in DO, in the absence of any detectable effect on the ability of the bladder to empty. That is, in this animal model, pVAX/hSlo is able to ameliorate the pathophysiological effects of outflow obstruction-related DO, without having any detrimental effect on bladder function. Similar effects were observed after instillation of 100 g pVAX/hSlo in the 6-week obstructed female Sprague Dawley rats, which are shown below. 
     A rabbit study to evaluate the distribution of different volumes of gene transfer injected into the bladder wall was performed prior to initiation of the clinical trial in women with OAB using direct intravesicular injections (Table 4). Nine female Adult New Zealand white rabbits weighing an average of 6 pounds were used. The animals were anesthetized and pVAX-lacz was to be injected into the detrusor in 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 ml aliquots into 4, 8, and 10 sites in the bladder wall. An additional set of 3 animals was to be injected with carrier alone at only the highest volume of carrier (4, 8, or 10 sites×0.15 ml). The plasmids were in solution at a concentration of 4000 μg/ml. One week later the animals were euthanized and the bladders excised and weighed. Areas with blue color were prepared for histological examination and molecular analysis. Molecular analysis of hSlo expression tissue was done with RNA extraction and real time PCR. In addition, histopathology was performed on the various rabbit tissues. 
     Due to difficulty with direct bladder injections in this animal model, only one rabbit was given the 0.05 ml injection. Six rabbits had 0.1 ml at 4, 8, and 10 sites (3 from inside the bladder; 3 from outside the bladder). Three rabbits had 0.15 ml at 4, 8, and 10 sites. Results indicated that those rabbits with a greater number of injections (8-10 injections) had less expression than some animals with the smallest number of injections (4 injections). The overall conclusion is that the direct injection into the bladder wall results in expression of the gene, however, it seems to work best with wider dispersion of the injections perhaps 1 cm apart. The gene was detected in the blood up until 30 minutes post treatment. There were granulomatous lesions observed due to the sutures (a common artifact in the rabbit model). 
     Toxicology 
     For the OAB indication it is not technically possible to simulate the same transurethral route of intravesical administration of pVAX/hSlo in rats as will be used in the human trials. Therefore, in the toxicology and biodistribution studies evaluating intravesical injection of pVAX/hSlo, animals underwent surgical exposure of the bladder and study material was injected directly into the bladder using a needle 
     The effect of pVAX/hSlo on hematological and chemical parameters were assessed in fifteen 275-300 gm normal female Sprague-Dawley rats. 1000 μg of either pVAX/hSlo (8 animals) or pVAX vector (7 animals) was injected directly into the lumen of the bladder following surgical exposure. Blood samples were collected via a heart stick immediately after the animals were euthanized by CO 2  anesthesia at 4, 8, and 24 hours and at 1 week following injection of test material. Samples were analyzed for glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, ALT, AST, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, chloride, A/G ratio, BUN/creatinine ratio, globulin, lipase, amylase, triglycerides, CPK, GTP, magnesium and osmolality. The laboratory parameters were similar between pVax/hSlo and controls at the four timepoints. 
     The effect of pVAX/hSlo on the histopathology in female Sprague-Dawley rats (275 to 300 gm) was evaluated in two studies. In the first study, four rats underwent partial bladder obstruction surgery and 2 weeks later 100 μg pVAX/hSlo in 1000 μL PBS-20% sucrose was administered directly into the lumen of the bladder with surgical exposure of the bladder. A single animal was euthanized at 1, 8, and 24 hours, and at one week after injection of pVAX/hSlo. The tissues of 47 organs were immediately fixed in 10% formalin and processed for routine histopathological examination. Histopathological changes were noted only in the bladder and consisted of serositis, edema, hemorrhage, and fibrosis. These changes were consistent with those expected with partial urethral obstruction and were not considered related to injection of pVAX/hSlo. 
     Because of the histopathological changes in the bladder of rats with PUO administered pVAX/hSlo, the effect of pVAX/hSlo compared to vector (pVAX) and PBS-20% sucrose on histology of the bladder was evaluated in normal rats. Following surgical exposure, the following test material was injected directly into the bladder lumen: 1) 0.6 ml PBS-20% sucrose, 2) 1000 μg pVAX in 6.6 ml PBS-20% sucrose, or 3) 1000 μg pVAX/hSlo in 0.6 ml PBS-20% sucrose. Animals were euthanized with CO 2  72 hours after instillation and the bladders removed and immediately fixed in 10% formalin solution. The 72 hour time point was chosen to limit the mechanical effects of the needle puncture on the bladder wall and minimize any potential effects of inflammation that might be caused by the pVAX/hSlo, vector, or diluent. 
     There were no gross findings on examination of the bladder. Overall, there were no treatment-related differences between pVAX/hSlo and either the vehicle or pVAX. No treatment-related alterations in the urothelium were noted. The lesions seen on histological examination were consistent with trauma from the needle used for injection since they were focal rather than diffuse or multifocal in distribution. 
     In the biodistribution study, test material was injected directly into the lumen of exposed bladders in 275-300 g normal female Sprague-Dawley rats. 1000 μg pVAX/hSlo in 0.6 ml of PBS-20% sucrose was administered to 12 animals and 0.6 ml PBS-20% sucrose administered to 5 animals ( FIG. 4 ). Four animals each were sacrificed at 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month following injection of test material. Tissue samples were collected in the specified order as follows: heart, liver, brain, kidney, spleen, lung, aorta, trachea, lymph node, eye, biceps, colon, vagina, and uterus. 
     Genomic DNA samples were analyzed for the kanamycin gene with a validated QPCR method. The results indicate that after injection of 1000 μg pVAX/hSlo, the plasmid could be detected after 24 hours in the aorta, uterus, bladder, and urethra. At 1 week, approximately 13 million copies/μg total DNA were measured in the bladder and pVAX/hSlo could also be detected slightly in the biceps. The results are displayed in graphical format in  FIG. 4  (below). 
     Although these results differ from findings after intracavernous injection, the detection of 13 million copies/μg total DNA is still lower than the &lt;30 copies plasmid/10 5  host cells that persist at the site of DNA vaccine injections after 60 days in clinical Investigational New Drug (IND) trials for these vaccines. These DNA vaccine studies have demonstrated that intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, or particle-mediated delivery did not result in long-term persistence of plasmid at ectopic sites. In addition, the procedure to inject pVAX/hSlo directly into the surgically exposed bladder in animals may explain the ability to detect plasmid in tissue other than the bladder. In humans, hMaxi-K will be instilled directly into the bladder using a using a transurethral catheter and the risk of plasmid distribution due to tissue damage or trauma is obviously markedly reduced. 
     Example 2: Human Clinical Trial with of  H M AXI -K Gene Transfer 
     Trial Design 
     This is a Phase 1B, multicenter study evaluating the safety and potential activity of two escalating doses of hMaxi-K gene administered as a direct Injection into the bladder wall in female patients with Idiopathic (Non-neurogenic) Overactive Bladder Syndrome (OAB) and Detrusor Overactivity (DO). 
     The study population is women ≥18 years old of non-child bearing potential (e.g., hysterectomy, tubal ligation or postmenopausal defined as last menstrual cycle &gt;12 months prior to study enrollment, or serum FSH&gt;40 mIU/L) with overactive bladder (OAB) and detrusor overactivity who are otherwise in good health. 
     Inclusion criteria include clinical symptoms of overactive bladder of ≥6 months duration including at least one of the following:
         1. Frequent micturition (≥8/24 hrs)   2. Symptoms of urinary urgency (the complaint of sudden compelling desire to pass urine, which is difficult to defer) or nocturia (the complaint of waking at night two or more times to void)   3. Urge urinary incontinence (average of 5 per week—Urge urinary incontinence is defined as: the complaint of involuntary leakage accompanied by or immediately preceded by urgency)       

     Participants also had a bladder scan at screening demonstrating a residual volume of ≤200 ml and detrusor overactivity documented during baseline urodynamic testing of ≥1 uncontrolled contraction(s) of the detrusor of at least 5 cm/H 2 O. 
     Table 6 shows an overview of the treatment schedule and procedures by visit. 
     The primary objective of this study is to evaluate occurrence of adverse events and their relationship to a single treatment of approximately 20 to 30 bladder wall intramuscular injections of hMaxi-K compared to placebo (PBS-20% sucrose). This was a double blind, imbalanced placebo controlled sequential dose trial. Participants were healthy women of 18 years of age or older, of non-childbearing potential, with moderate OAB/DO of ≥six months duration with at least one of the following: frequent micturition≥8 times per day, symptoms of urinary urgency or nocturia (the complaint of waking at night two or more times to void), urge urinary incontinence (five or more incontinence episodes per week), and detrusor overactivity with ≥1 uncontrolled phasic contraction(s) of the detrusor of at least 5 cm/H 2 O pressure documented on CMG. All of the participants had failed prior treatment with anticholinergics. Four had failed onabotulinumtoxinA therapy. 
     Participants were randomly assigned to either hMaxi-K at one of two doses (16,000 μg, or 24,000 μg), or placebo. Treatment was administered as 20-30 IM injections into the bladder wall during cystoscopy. Participants were seen 8 times within a 24-week period with a study follow-up of 18 months. All reported adverse events occurring after study drug dosing were recorded. Complex CMG&#39;s were done at screening visit 1A (week—1) and at week 4 (visit 5) and week 24 (visit 8) post-injection. Post void residual volume (PVR) was measured at every visit with a Bladderscan®. 
     The data to assess efficacy were evaluated using summary descriptive statistics by treatment group (combined placebo vs 2 active treatment groups and combined placebo vs combined treatment groups). Linear mixed effect models were used to estimate difference of changes from baseline between placebo and active treatment and to test whether there was dose-response for different outcomes. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were to be used to estimate effects for the binary endpoints. 
     There were 6 participants who received 16000 μg, 3 participants who received 24000 μg and 4 participants who received placebo. In both active treatment groups, the majority of adverse events (AEs) were mild in severity and all were considered unrelated to the study drug. Two women had mild unrelated UTIs post-treatment with hMaxi-K: one receiving 24000 μg at month after dosing and the other receiving 16000 μg at 6 months after dosing. There was one unrelated serious AE reported in the 16000 μg group; exacerbation of pre-existing asthma due to the cold weather which required an ER visit and resolved after asthma treatment was given. No subject was discontinued due to an AE and all enrolled subjects completed the 6 month trial. In addition, during the 18 month long-term post study safety follow-up, no issues were reported in the subjects followed to date (9 of 13 completed 18 month follow-ups; 13 of 13 completed the 12 month follow-ups). 
     The average of diary data collected for 7 days prior to each visit revealed statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) improvements vs placebo and baseline with durable reduction in mean number of voids per day and mean number of urgency episodes per day over the 6 months of the trial. The changes displayed in tables 7 and 8 below are mean changes (+/−SE) from baseline compared to placebo. 
     Quality of life parameters (King Health Questionnaire) showed statistically significant sustained mean changes for the individual active treatments and for the combined active treatment groups (all doses) vs placebo and vs baseline in the domains of Impact on Life, Role Limitations, Physical Limitations, Social Limitations and Sleep Energy. 
     Results from this phase IB clinical trial showed a significant reduction of the number of voiding and urgency episodes after a single administration of hMaxi-K lasted for the 6 month duration of the trial. Those results were observed in the absence of a change in PVR and treatment-related serious adverse events. The results of this novel clinical trial show for the first time that a single intradetrusor administration of human Maxi-K gene was safe. 
     Despite the small population enrolled, overall findings from the participant diaries showed significant reductions (p&lt;0.05) for the mean number of voids and mean number of urgency episodes vs placebo and vs. baseline for all active treatments and of urge incontinence episodes vs baseline for all doses of study drug. Participant response to treatment showed some positive p values for all active doses vs placebo at Visits 3 and 5 (see Table 9). For the reduction in number of voids and urgency episodes, these significant changes vs placebo and vs baseline were seen at all visits out to final Visit 8 (24 weeks). There were no significant differences seen between the 2 active treatments (16000 μg and 24000 μg) possibly due to the small number of participants enrolled in the 24000 μg group (N=3). 
     Quality of life parameters (King Health Questionnaire) showed statistically significant mean improvement for the individual active treatments and for the combined active treatment groups (all doses) vs placebo and vs baseline in many of the domains. This included the following:
         Domain 2: Impact on Life
           P=0.014 for all active doses and p=0.007 for 24000 μg at Visit 5 vs baseline,   P=0.016 for 24000 μg at Visit 5 vs placebo;   P=0.016 for the 24000 μg group vs 16000 μg group at Visit 5   P=0.043 for all active doses vs baseline at Visit 6   P=0.010 for 16000 μg and p=0.005 for all active doses vs baseline at Visit 7   P=0.026 for all active doses vs baseline at Visit 8   
           Domain 3: Role Limitations
           P=0.004. P=0.015, P&lt;0.001 for 16000 μg, 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs baseline at Visit 5   P=0.030, P=0.035 and P=0.015 for 16000 μg, 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs placebo at Visit 5   P=0-023, P=0.014 and P=0.001 for 16000 μg, 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs baseline at Visit 6   P=0.047, P=0.020 and P=0.014 for 16000 μg, 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs placebo at Visit 6   P=0.012, P=0.014 and P&lt;0.001 for 16000 μg, 240000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs placebo at Visit 7   P=0.032 and P=0.021 for 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs placebo at Visit 7   P=0.014 and P=0.005 for 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs baseline at Visit 8   P=0.047. P=0.007 and P=0.007 for 16000 μg, 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs placebo at Visit 8   
           Domain 4 Physical Limitations
           P=0.018 and P=0.005 for 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs baseline at Visit 6   P=0.012, P=0.018 and P=0.001 for 16000 μg, 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs baseline at Visit 7   P=0.012, P=0.047 and P=0.003 for 16000 μg, 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs. baseline at Visit 8   
           Domain 5: Social Limitations
           P=0.032 and P=0.22, for 24000 μg vs baseline and placebo, respectively, at Visit 6   P=0.002 and P=0.004 for 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs baseline at Visit 7   P=0.008 and P=0.043 for 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs placebo at Visit 7   P=0.002 and P=0.014 for 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs baseline at Visit 8   P=0.006 for 24000 μg vs placebo at Visit 8   
           Domain 8: Sleep Energy
           P=0.047 P=0.007 and P=0.001 for 16000 μg, 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs baseline at Visit 5   P=0.020 and P=0.015 for 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs placebo at Visit 5   P=0.005 and P=0.006 for 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs baseline at Visit 6   P=0.001 and P=0.006 for 24000 μg and all active doses, respectively, vs baseline at Visit 7   P=0.012 for 24000 μg vs placebo at Visit 7   
               

     The 72 hour Pad Test (Table 12) showed some statistically significant changes at Visit 3-6 and Visit 8 for hMaxi-K active doses vs baseline, however, there were also statistically significant changes for placebo at Visits 3-5 and Visit 8. Overall the placebo group appeared to have less severe disease than the active treatment groups with baseline (V2) pad weights for active treatment being almost 2 times greater than that of the placebo group. In addition, the V1A mean pad weight for placebo was only 29 grams whereas the weight at V2 for this group was 259 grams (almost 9 times greater than V1A). This was due to the fact that participant 002-001 had thrown out her pads prior to V1A (so she was not included in the V1A means) and she appears to have had more severe disease than the other 3 placebo participants (her 3-day average pad weight at V2 was 295 grams vs 3.3 to 36 grams for the other 3 participants). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Summary of treatment effects on mean micturition parameters in 6 week obstructed female rats and sham-operated controls 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 WT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 MIP 
               
               
                   
                 (mg) 
                 MP 
                 THP 
                 BP 
                 BC 
                 MV 
                 RV 
                 (IP − BP) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Control: 
                   171 ± 15.0 
                  73.9 ± 4.99 
                 22.3 ± 2.1 
                  12.6 ± 1.09 
                  1.2 ± 0.1 
                  1.13 ± 0.10 
                 0.13 ± 0.04 
                 3.49 ± 0.79 
               
               
                 unobstructed 
               
               
                 (n = 17) 
               
               
                   a Obstructed: 
                 *547.6 ± 55.4 
                 *128.9 ± 16.1 
                 *36.3 ± 4.30 
                 *22.1 ± 43.9 
                 *3.44 ± 0.41 
                 *3.22 ± 0.39 
                 * , **0.3 ± 0.10      
                 **5.59 ± 1.05  
               
               
                 pVAX/hSlo 
               
               
                 injected 
               
               
                 (n = 12) 
               
               
                   b Obstructed: 
                 *473.1 ± 56.6 
                 *132.7 ± 17.9 
                 *39.3 ± 3.6  
                 *18.8 ± 1.9  
                 *2.91 ± 0.62 
                 *2.94 ± 0.65 
                 0.09 ± 0.05 
                 9.37 ± 1.79 
               
               
                 untreated 
               
               
                 (n = 10) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   a 100 μg pVAX/hSlo in 200 μl PBS-20% sucrose 
               
               
                   b 3 of these rats received 1000 μg pcDNA in PBS-20% sucrose. Control: Sham operated, unobstructed age-matched control animals, WT: bladder weight (mg), MP: micturition pressure (cm H 2 O). THP: threshold pressure (cm H 2 •), BP: basal pressure (cm H 2 •), BC: bladder capacity (ml), MV: micturition volume (ml). RV: residual volume (ml). MIP: mean inter-micturition pressure ((cm H 2 O; the mean pressure over the entire inter-micturition interval minus the basal pressure on the same animal). 
               
               
                 *Significantly different from sham-op; p &lt; 0.05. 
               
               
                 **Significantly different from control (obstructed but not treated); p &lt; 0.05, One-Way ANOVA, with Newman Keuls post hoc pairwise comparisons. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Summary of treatment effects on mean micturition parameters 
               
               
                 in 2 week obstructed male rats and sham-operated controls. 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Bcap 
                 MV 
                 RV 
                 BP 
                 TP 
                 MP 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 pVAX 
                 2.36 ± 0.48 
                 1.84 ± 0.31 
                 0.53 ± 0.21 
                 18.65 ± 5.38  
                  47.21 ± 8.61 c   
                  91.28 ± 18.52 c   
               
               
                 (n = 8) b   
               
               
                 hSlo 
                  2.48 ± 0.30c 
                  2.22 ± 0.26 c   
                 0.27 ± 0.12 
                     7.66 ± 1.35 d   
                 27.26 ± 3.7 d    
                 54.05 ± 6.28 d   
               
               
                 (n = 16) b   
               
               
                 Sham 
                 1.35 ± 0.14 
                 1.32 ± 0.12 
                 0.03 ± 0.02 
                 10.6 ± 0.81 
                 18.47 ± 0.79 
                 46.58 ± 3.34     
               
               
                 (n = 10) a   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 IMP 
                 SA 
                 Bcom 
                 BW 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 pVAX 
                 32.49 ± 7 5 c   
                 13.84 ± 2.57 c   
                 0.12 ± 0.04 
                 348.3 ± 105.3 
               
               
                   
                 (n = 8) b   
               
               
                   
                 hSlo 
                 18.13 ± 2.8 d   
                 10.47 ± 1.89 c   
                 0.17 ± 0.03 
                 352.3 ± 42.99 
               
               
                   
                 (n = 16) b   
               
               
                   
                 Sham 
                     13.96 ± 1.09 
                     3.39 ± 0.61 
                  0.18 ± 0.018 
                 274.4 ± 24.5  
               
               
                   
                 (n = 10) a   
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Bcap, bladder capacity (ml); MV, micturition volume (ml); RV, residual volume (ml); BP, basal pressure (cm H 2 O); TP. threshold pressure (cm H 2 O); MP, micturition pressure (cm H 2 O); IMP, mean intermicturition pressure (cm H 2 O; the mean pressure over the entire intermicturition interval minus the basal pressure on the same animal); SA, spontaneous activity (cm H 2 O); Bcom, bladder compliance (ml/cm H 2 O); BW, bladder weight (mg). 
               
               
                   
                   a 5 of these animals are 2-week sham controls, the other 5 are 1 month older (or 6-week sham controls). However, statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in any of the micturition parameters, and thus, these 2 populations were considered to be homogeneous for the purposes of this analysis 
               
               
                   
                   b All treated rats were given 1000 μg pVAX alone or 100 μg hSlo/pVAX in 1 ml PBS with 20% sucrose. All data represent the mean ± S.E.M. and were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, with a post hoc Tukey&#39;s test for all pairwise (multiple) comparisons. 
               
               
                   
                   c Significant difference from the corresponding sham control value. 
               
               
                   
                   d Significant difference from the corresponding pVAX value. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Summary of treatment effects on mean micturition parameters in 2 week obstructed female rats 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 MP 
                 TP 
                 BP 
                 BC 
                 MV 
                 RV 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Control: pVAX 
                 68.1 ± 8.1 
                 34.2 ± 4.9 
                 9.1 ± 1.9 
                 2.3 ± 0.3 
                 2.2 ± 0.3 
                 1.1 ± 0.0 
               
               
                 (n = 10) 
               
               
                   a Obstructed: 10 
                  65.3 ± 10.5 
                 30.3 ± 3.6 
                 7.2 ± 1.0 
                 2.5 ± 0.3 
                 2.4 ± 0.3 
                 0.2 ± 0.1 
               
               
                 μg pVAX/hSlo 
               
               
                 injected (n = 7) 
               
               
                   b Obstructed: 30 
                 81.1 ± 7.3 
                 36.6 ± 4.4 
                 11.8 ± 2.6  
                 3.2 ± 1.0 
                 2.7 ± 0.4 
                 0.4 ± 0.2 
               
               
                 μg pVAX/hSlo 
               
               
                 injected (n = 9) 
               
               
                   b Obstructed: 300 
                 47.8 ± 3.7 
                 17.7*,** ± 1.6    
                 6.3 ± 1.1 
                 2.3 ± 0.4 
                 2.2 ± 0.3 
                 0.3 ± 0.2 
               
               
                 μg pVAX/hSlo 
               
               
                 injected (n = 10) 
               
               
                   b Obstructed: 
                 57.2 ± 6.2 
                 21.4*,** ± 1.8    
                 5.7 ± 1.1 
                 2.1 ± 0.1 
                 2.0 ± 0.1 
                  0.1 ± 0.04 
               
               
                 1000 μg 
               
               
                 pVAX/hSlo 
               
               
                 injected (n = 12) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 MIP 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 (IP − BP) 
                 MF 
                 SA 
                 BCOM 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Control: pVAX 
                 24.0 ± 4.6 
                 4.6 ± 0.5 
                 14.9 ± 3.4 
                 0.1 ± 0.02 
               
               
                   
                 (n = 10) 
               
               
                   
                   a Obstructed: 10 
                 20.0 ± 3.5 
                 4.4 ± 0.5 
                 12.8 ± 3.0 
                 0.1 ± 0.02 
               
               
                   
                 μg pVAX/hSlo 
               
               
                   
                 injected (n = 7) 
               
               
                   
                   b Obstructed: 30 
                 27.1 ± 3.5 
                 4.3 ± 0.4 
                 15.3 ± 1.5 
                 0.1 ± 0.02 
               
               
                   
                 μg pVAX/hSlo 
               
               
                   
                 injected (n = 9) 
               
               
                   
                   b Obstructed: 300 
                 10.3*,** ± 1.2    
                 5.3 ± 0.6 
                 4.1*,** ± 0.4   
                 0.2*,** ± 0.02    
               
               
                   
                 μg pVAX/hSlo 
               
               
                   
                 injected (n = 10) 
               
               
                   
                   b Obstructed: 
                 11.6*,** ± 1.3    
                 5.2 + 0.3 
                 5.9*,** ± 0.5   
                 0.1*,** ± 0.01    
               
               
                   
                 1000 μg 
               
               
                   
                 pVAX/hSlo 
               
               
                   
                 injected (n = 12) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   a 10, 30, 300, 1000 μg pVAX/hSlo in 200 μl PBS-20% sucrose 
               
               
                   
                   b Control: Obstructed age-matched control animals that received 1000 μg of pVAX only, WT; bladder weight (mg), MP: micturition pressure (cm H 2 O), TP: threshold pressure (cm H 2 O), BP: basal pressure (cm H 2 O), BC: bladder capacity (ml), MV: micturition volume (ml), RV: residual volume (ml), MIP: mean inter-micturition pressure ((cm H 2 O; the mean pressure over the entire inter-micturition interval minus the basal pressure on the same animal); SA spontaneous activity (MIP − BP): BCOM Bladder compliance (bladder capacity/TP − BP) 
               
               
                   
                 *Significantly different from control; p &lt; 0.05. All pairwise multiple comparison procedures (Holm-Sidak method) 
               
               
                   
                 Significantly different from control; p &lt; 0.05, One-Way ANOVA. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Rabbit Intravesicular Injection Protocol 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 50-50 mixture of 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 p-VAXhslo (ml) 
                 sites/rabbit 
                 sites/rabbit 
                 sites/rabbit 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 N = 12 
                 0.05 
                 4 
                 8 
                 10 
               
               
                 rabbits 
                 0.1 
                 4 
                 8 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 0.15 
                 4 
                 8 
                 10 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Final Dose-hMaxi-k 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 hMaxi-K Dose 
                 16,000 μg 
                 PBS-20% sucrose 
                 24,000 μg 
                 PBS-20% sucrose 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Volume 
                 4 mL 
                 6 mb 
               
               
                 Number of Vials 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                 Final Volume 
                 4 mb 
                 6 mb 
               
               
                 Number of IM 
                 20 injections of 0.2 ml at specified 
                 30 injections of 0.2 ml at specified sites 
               
               
                 injections 
                 sites in bladder wall approx. 1 cm apart 
                 in bladder wall approx. 1 cm apart 
               
               
                   
                 (FIG. 5) 
                 (FIG. 5) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 In each dose cohort 6 participants will receive hMaxi-K and 3 will receive PBS-20% sucrose (placebo). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Summary of Tests by Laboratory Visit 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Phase 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Screening Phase 
                 Post-Treatment Follow up Visits 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Visit/Period 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Telephone 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Visit 1 
                 Visit 1A n   
                 Visit 2 
                 Follow-up i   
                 Visit 3 
                 Visit 4 
                 Visit 5 
                 Visit 6 
                 Visit 7 
                 Visit 8 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Day 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 −14 
                 −14 to −3 
                 0 (Baseline) 
                 Day 1 &amp; 3 
                 8 
                 15 
                 29 
                 57 
                 35 
                 169 (Final) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Week 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 −2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 3 
                 2 
                 4 
                 3 
                 12 
                 24 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Visit Window (days) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 +2 
                 +2 
                 Day 3 ± 1 
                 +2 
                 +2 
                 ±2 
                 ±3 
                 ±5 
                 ±5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Signed Informed Consent 
                 ▴ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Evaluation of Inclusion/ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴  f   
               
               
                 Exclusion Criteria 
               
               
                 Demographics and Medical/ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Surgical History 
               
               
                 Physical Examination 
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴  f   
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 ECG 
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴  0   
                   
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴ 
                   
                   
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Previous/Concomitant 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴  f   
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Medication Assessment 
               
               
                 Vital Signs  h   
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴  f, l   
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Objective OAB/DO 
                   
                 ▴ d   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ▴ 
                   
                   
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Evaluation (Cystometry)  b   
               
               
                 Bladder scan c   
                 ▴ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Dispense Daily Voiding 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴  f   
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Diary/Urgency questionnaire  l   
               
               
                 Pad Test  m   
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Qol. (King&#39;s Health 
                   
                   
                 ▴  f   
                   
                   
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Questionnaire) and SF-12 
               
               
                 Subjective Evaluation 
                   
                   
                 ▴  f   
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 of Disease State  k   
               
               
                 Subjective Evaluation 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 of Response to Treatment  k   
               
               
                 ICIQ-SF 
                   
                   
                 ▴  f   
                   
                   
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Urinalysis and Urine 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴  f   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Cultures  d   
               
               
                 Hematology 
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Laboratory Tests e   
               
               
                 Chemistry Laboratory 
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Tests e   
               
               
                 Pharmacokinetic Assessment 
                   
                   
                 ▴  f, g   
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴  g   
               
               
                 (urine and blood hSlo cDNA) 
               
               
                 Adverse Event Assessment 
                   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴  f   
                 ▴  f   
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
                 ▴ 
               
               
                 Study Drug administered 
                   
                   
                 ▴ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   a  ECG will be done prior to administration of study drug and at 2 hours post dosing. 
               
               
                   b  Cystometry includes: volume at first desire to void, detrusor pressure, abdominal pressure, detrusor pressure at beginning of voiding, detrusor pressure at maximum flow, maximum detrusor pressure, volume at strong urge to void, peak flow rate during voiding, voided volume, volume at DO, post-void residual volume, total bladder volume (voided volume + residual volume), number of detrusor contractions during procedure and duration of DO. 
               
               
                   c Inclusion criteria specify residual volume ≤200 ml. Bladder scans at V1 and V8 to be done before catheterization. 
               
               
                   d Urinalysis with microscopic RBC and WBC, protein, glucose, nitrites, pH, and specific gravity at V 1, 3-5 and V7 and V8. At V1A and V2, urinalysis by Dipstick will be done. Urine cultures at V1 (by catheterization with the urodynamic catheter), V3 (clean void); at V1A. V2. V5 and V8 prior to cystometry or cystoscopy (by catheterization with the urodynamic catheter) and before discharge by clean void (at V2 use first voided urine after drug administration). Visit 2 urinalysis by Dipstick will be done prior to dosing and urine culture will be performed both prior to study drug administration and prior to discharge. 
               
               
                   e Lab tests to be done at V1, V2-5, V7 and V8 include: Hematology- CBC with differential, platelet count, sedimentation rate, PTT, PT (no PT and PTT at V2 and V4), CRP, Antinuclear antibody; Chemistry- BUN, creatinine, Na + , K + , Mg ++ , Ca ++ , CO2, Cl − , albumin, alkaline phosphatase, ALT, AST, GGT, total bilirubin, total protein, CPK, LDH, glucose); Serum wPregnancy test for beta-HCG required for women of child bearing age who have not had hysterectomy at Screening V1 and on as need basis. In addition, FSH &gt;40 IU/L if last menstrual cycle not &gt;12 months prior to study enrollment. HbA1c will be done at screening Visit 1 only. No chemistries will be done at 2 (Week 0). At V4, chemistries will include only BUN, creatinine, electrolytes (Na + , K + ), CRP, glucose, and ANA. No lab tests will be done at Visit 1A or V6. Lab tests should be taken at the same time of day at all study visits. 
               
               
                   f  Test or procedure will be done prior to administration of study drug at Visit 2 
               
               
                   g  Pre-dosing at V2. If specimen is still positive at week 24, participant must return monthly until two successive specimens are negative for hSlo DNA. 
               
               
                   h  Vital signs will include height at V1 only; weight at V1 and V8; oral body temperature at all visits (except V1A). Same arm should be used for all BP measurements and specified. 
               
               
                   i Diaries are to be completed prior to V1A (to test for compliance and inclusion criteria), for 7 days prior to Visit 2 and 7 days prior to each visit, thereafter. 
               
               
                   j  Participants will be contacted by telephone on Study Day 1 and 3 (1 day and 3 days ± 1. following drug administration at Visit 2) for assessment of adverse events. 
               
               
                   k  Subjective assessments are based on the following questions in Appendix C: “How bothersome do you consider your bladder problem?” and “Has the treatment been of benefit to you?” 
               
               
                   l  BP will be taken every 15 minutes for 2 hour post administration of study drug. 
               
               
                   m  Participants will bring in pads/diapers worn for 3 days prior to Visit 1A &amp; 2 (if V1A after screening V1) and 3 days prior to all subsequent visits (Visit 3 to Visit 8); also bring in clean pad/diapers to use as baseline. 
               
               
                   n Visit 1A may occur on same day as V1. In this case all V1A procedures not already to be done at V1 should be completed. Cystoscopy should be performed after all other V1 procedures and post cystoscopy urine culture obtained using clean void. If V1A coincides with V1, then since pad collection and diaries will not be completed prior to V1, these must be checked for compliance at V2. 
               
               
                   o  ECG will be done prior to administration of study 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Mean Number of Voids/24 Hours and Reduction Over Time - Efficacy Population 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 hMaxi-K 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Placebo 
                 16000 ug 
                 24000 ug 
                 All Doses 
               
               
                 Visit 
                 n 
                 4 
                 6 
                 3 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 1A 
                 Mean no. voids 
                 10.46 
                 (3.48) 
                 11.99 
                 (3.65) 
                 17.39 
                 (5.22) 
                 13.79 
                 (4.73) 
               
               
                 (Screening) 
               
               
                 Visit 2 
                 Mean no. voids 
                 10.18 
                 (4.78) 
                 11.26 
                 (2.70) 
                 17.19 
                 (7.07) 
                 13.24 
                 (5.08) 
               
               
                 (Baseline) 
                 
                   
                 
               
               
                 Visit 3 
                 Mean no. voids 
                 11.59 
                 (4.98) 
                 9.10 
                 (2.12) 
                 14.46 
                 (3.74) 
                 10.89 
                 (3.67) 
               
               
                 (Week 1) 
                 Mean change 
                 1.41 
                 (0.78) 
                 −2.16 
                 (1.80) 
                 −2.73 
                 (7.29) 
                 −2.35 
                 (3.92) 
               
               
                   
                 fro tn baseline 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.39 
                 0.73 
                 4.21 
                 1.31 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.251 
                 0.052 
                 0.074 
                 0.018 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.044 
                 0.047 
                 0.027 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −3.57 
                 −4.14 
                 −3.86 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                  −7.01, −0.13 
                 −8.22, −0.07 
                 −7.12, −0.59 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 4 
                 Mean no. voids 
                 10.68 
                 (4.10) 
                 8.35 
                 (2.65) 
                 13.52 
                 (1.94) 
                 10.07 
                 (3.47) 
               
               
                 (Week 2) 
                 Mean change 
                 0.51 
                 (1.22) 
                 −2.92 
                 (2.04) 
                 −3.67 
                 (6.48) 
                 −3.17 
                 (3.64) 
               
               
                   
                 from baseline 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.61 
                 0.83 
                 3.74 
                 1.21 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.667 
                 0.016 
                 0.026 
                 0.004 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.051 
                 0.046 
                 0.029 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −3.42 
                 −4.17 
                 −3.80 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −6.87, 0.02 
                 −8.25, −0.10 
                 −7.06, −0.53 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 5 
                 Mean no. voids 
                 11.40 
                 (4.42) 
                 8.87 
                 (2.25) 
                 13.48 
                 (1.08) 
                 10.40 
                 (2.96) 
               
               
                 (Week 4) 
                 Mean change 
                 1.22 
                 (0.69) 
                 −2.40 
                 (2.11) 
                 −3.71 
                 (7.27) 
                 −2.84 
                 (4.05) 
               
               
                   
                 from baseline 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.35 
                 0.86 
                 4.20 
                 1.35 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.315 
                 0.035 
                 0.025 
                 0.006 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.042 
                 0.024 
                 0.017 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −3.62 
                 −4.93 
                 −4.28 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                  −7.06, −0.17 
                 −9.01, −0.86 
                 −7.54, −1.01 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 6 
                 Mean no. voids (SD) 
                 10.17 
                 (3.89) 
                 9.48 
                 (2.73) 
                 13.52 
                 (2.19) 
                 10.83 
                 (3.15) 
               
               
                 (Week 8) 
                 Mean change from 
                 −0.01 
                 (1.20) 
                 −1.79 
                 (2.15) 
                 −3.67 
                 (7.75) 
                 −2.41 
                 (4.33) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 baseline (SD) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.60 
                 0.88 
                 4.47 
                 1.44 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.996 
                 0.094 
                 0.026 
                 0.011 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.261 
                 0.071 
                 0.090 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −1.78 
                 −3.66 
                 −2.72 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −5.22, 1.66 
                 −7.74, 0.41  
                 −5.99, 0.55  
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 7 
                 Mean no. voids (SD) 
                 10.96 
                 (4.30) 
                 10.21 
                 (4.11) 
                 12.90 
                 (2.35) 
                 11.11 
                 (3.71) 
               
               
                 (Week 12) 
                 Mean change from 
                 0.79 
                 (1.67) 
                 −1.05 
                 (2.90) 
                 −4.29 
                 (6.97) 
                 −2.13 
                 (4.47) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 baseline (SD) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.84 
                 1.18 
                 4.02 
                 1.49 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.509 
                 0.293 
                 0.013 
                 0.012 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.248 
                 0.022 
                 0.041 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −1.83 
                 −5.07 
                 −3.45 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −5.28, 1.61 
                 −9.15, −1.00 
                 −6.72, −0.19 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 8 (Exit 
                 Mean no. voids (SD) 
                 11.14 
                 (4.81) 
                 9.74 
                 (3.04) 
                 13.86 
                 (3.02) 
                 11.11 
                 (3.51) 
               
               
                 Visit - Week 24) 
                 Mean change from 
                 0.96 
                 (0.99) 
                 −1.52 
                 (2.55) 
                 −3.33 
                 (7.06) 
                 −2.13 
                 (4.16) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 baseline (SD) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.50 
                 1.04 
                 4.08 
                 1.39 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.421 
                 0.142 
                 0.038 
                 0.019 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.131 
                 0.041 
                 0.044 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −2.49 
                 −4.30 
                 −3.39 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −5.93, 0.96 
                 −8.37, −0.22 
                 −6.66, −0.13 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 [1]: p-value to test whether there is a statistically significant difference between values measured at certain time point vs baseline measurement for certain treatment. 
               
               
                   
                 [2]: p-value for test whether there is a statistically significant difference between changes from baseline comparing to placebo. 
               
               
                   
                 All the p-values and estimates are derived from a linear mixed effect model with number of voids as dependent variables, treatments (placebo, 16000 ug, 24000 ug and total hMaxi-K), time point and interaction of time and treatment. 
               
               
                   
                 All doses = all hMaxi-K doses 
               
               
                   
                 SD = standard deviation; 
               
               
                   
                 SEM = standard error of the mean 
               
               
                   
                     indicates data missing or illegible when filed 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Mean Number of Urgency Episodes/24 Hours and Reduction Over Time - Efficacy Population 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 hMaxi-K 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Placebo 
                 16000 ug 
                 24000 ug 
                 All Doses 
               
               
                 Visit 
                 n 
                 4 
                 6 
                 3 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 1A 
                 Mean no urgency 
                 10.04 
                 (3.80) 
                 11.12 
                 (4.08) 
                 17.27 
                 (5.33) 
                 13.17 
                 (5.19) 
               
               
                 (Screening) 
                 episodes (SD) 
               
               
                 Visit 2 
                 Mean no urgency 
                 9.82 
                 (5.17) 
                 10.21 
                 (3.55) 
                 17.19 
                 (7.07) 
                 12.53 
                 (5.71) 
               
               
                 (Baseline) 
                 episodes (SD) 
               
               
                 Visit 3 
                 Mean no urgency 
                 11.27 
                 (5.25) 
                 7.89 
                 (3.11) 
                 14.46 
                 (3.74) 
                 10.08 
                 (4.51) 
               
               
                 (Week 1) 
                 episodes (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change 
                 1.45 
                 (0.83) 
                 −2.31 
                 (2.17) 
                 −2.73 
                 (7.29) 
                 −2.45 
                 (4.03) 
               
               
                   
                 from baseline 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.42 
                 0.88 
                 4.21 
                 1.34 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.240 
                 0.040 
                 0.074 
                 0.016 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.036 
                 0.046 
                 0.024 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −3.76 
                 −4.18 
                 −3.97 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                  −7.20, −0.32 
                 −8.25, −0.11 
                 −7.23, −0.71 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 4 
                 Mean no urgency 
                 10.22 
                 (4.49) 
                 7.17 
                 (3.35) 
                 13.52 
                 (1.94) 
                 9.29 
                 (4.25) 
               
               
                 (Week 2) 
                 episodes (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change 
                 0.40 
                 (1.03) 
                 −3.04 
                 (2.07) 
                 −3.67 
                 (6.48) 
                 −3.25 
                 (3.64) 
               
               
                   
                 from baseline 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.51 
                 0.85 
                 3.74 
                 1.21 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.734 
                 0.013 
                 0.026 
                 0.004 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.050 
                 0.050 
                 0.030 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −3.43 
                 −4.07 
                 −3.75 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −6.87, 0.01 
                 −8.14, 0.00  
                 −7.01, −0.49 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 5 
                 Mean no urgency 
                 11.04 
                 (4.75) 
                 7.87 
                 (3.92) 
                 13.48 
                 (1.08) 
                 9.74 
                 (4.22) 
               
               
                 (Week 4) 
                 episodes (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change 
                 1.22 
                 (0.69) 
                 −2.34 
                 (2.07) 
                 −3.71 
                 (7.27) 
                 −2.80 
                 (4.04) 
               
               
                   
                 from baseline 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.35 
                 0.84 
                 4.20 
                 1.35 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.315 
                 0.038 
                 0.025 
                 0.007 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.044 
                 0.024 
                 0.018 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −3.56 
                 −4.93 
                 −4.25 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                  −7.00, −0.12 
                 −9.00, −0.86 
                 −7.51, −0.98 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 6 
                 Mean no urgency 
                 9.60 
                 (4.45) 
                 8.32 
                 (4.40) 
                 13.52 
                 (2.19) 
                 10.05 
                 (4.48) 
               
               
                 (Week 8) 
                 episodes (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change 
                 −0.22 
                 (0.89) 
                 −1.89 
                 (2.07) 
                 −3.67 
                 (7.75) 
                 −2.48 
                 (4.30) 
               
               
                   
                 from baseline 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (SD) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.45 
                 0.85 
                 4.47 
                 1.43 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.851 
                 0.079 
                 0.026 
                 0.010 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.289 
                 0.085 
                 0.106 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −1.67 
                 −3.45 
                 −2.56 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −5.11, 1.77 
                 −7.52, 0.62  
                 −5.82, 0.71  
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 7 
                 Mean no urgency 
                 10.86 
                 (4.35) 
                 10.00 
                 (4.31) 
                 12.86 
                 (2.38) 
                 10.95 
                 (3.88) 
               
               
                 (Week 12) 
                 episodes (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change 
                 1.04 
                 (2.15) 
                 −0.21 
                 (2.41) 
                 −4.33 
                 (7.05) 
                 −1.58 
                 (4.51) 
               
               
                   
                 from baseline 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (SD) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 1.07 
                 0.99 
                 4.07 
                 1.50 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.389 
                 0.829 
                 0.013 
                 0.025 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.421 
                 0.017 
                 0.048 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −1.24 
                 −5.37 
                 −3.31 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −4.68, 2.20 
                 −9.44, −1.30 
                 −6.57, −0.04 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 8 (Exit 
                 Mean no urgency 
                 10.89 
                 (4.99) 
                 9.29 
                 (3.53) 
                 13.86 
                 (3.02) 
                 10.81 
                 (3.91) 
               
               
                 Visit) (Week 24) 
                 episodes (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change 
                 1.07 
                 (1.18) 
                 −0.92 
                 (2.27) 
                 −3.33 
                 (7.06) 
                 −1.72 
                 (4.14) 
               
               
                   
                 from baseline 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (SD) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.59 
                 0.92 
                 4.08 
                 1.38 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.373 
                 0.350 
                 0.037 
                 0.032 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.213 
                 0.038 
                 0.054 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −1.99 
                 −4.40 
                 −3.20 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −5.43, 1.45 
                 −8.47, −0.33 
                 −6.46, 0.06  
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 [1]: p-value to test whether there is a statistically significant difference between values measured at certain time point vs baseline measurement for certain treatment. 
               
               
                   
                 [2]: p-value for test whether there is a statistically significant difference between changes from baseline comparing to placebo. 
               
               
                   
                 All the p-values and estimates are derived from a linear mixed effect model with number of voids as dependent variables, treatments (placebo, 16000 ug, 24000 ug and total hMaxi-K), time point and interaction of time and treatment. 
               
               
                   
                 All doses = all hMaxi-K doses 
               
               
                   
                 SD = standard deviation; 
               
               
                   
                 SEM = standard error of the mean 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Number of Urge Incontinence episodes and Reduction Over Time - Efficacy Population 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 hMaxi-K 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Placebo 
                 16000 ug 
                 24000 ug 
                 All Doses 
               
               
                 Visit 
                 n 
                 4 
                 6 
                 3 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 1A 
                 Mean no. urge incontinence 
                 1.88 
                 (1.25) 
                 2.08 
                 (0.57) 
                 8.69 
                 (12.02) 
                 4.29 
                 (6.87) 
               
               
                 (Screening) 
                 episodes/24 hrs (SD) 
               
               
                 Visit 2 
                 Mean no. urge incontinence 
                 1.82 
                 (1.52) 
                 1.91 
                 (0.83) 
                 3.81 
                 (3.30) 
                 2.54 
                 (2.01) 
               
               
                 (Baseline) 
                 episodes/24 hrs (SD) 
               
               
                 Visit 3 
                 Mean no. urge incontinence 
                 1.43 
                 (1.32) 
                 1.29 
                 (1.08) 
                 2.74 
                 (0.25) 
                 1.77 
                 (1.13) 
               
               
                 (Week 1) 
                 episodes/24 hrs (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change from baseline 
                 −0.39 
                 (0.22) 
                 −0.63 
                 (0.74) 
                 −1.07 
                 (3.15) 
                 −0.78 
                 (1.69) 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.11 
                 0.30 
                 1.82 
                 0.56 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.460 
                 0.164 
                 0.103 
                 0.045 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.718 
                 0.395 
                 0.470 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means vs. 
                   
                 −0.24 
                 −0.68 
                 −0.46 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −1.75, 1.27 
                 −2.47, 1.10 
                 −1.89, 0.97 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 4 
                 Mean no. urge incontinence 
                 1.23 
                 (1.27) 
                 0.86 
                 (1.09) 
                 2.95 
                 (1.35) 
                 1.56 
                 (1.51) 
               
               
                 (Week 2) 
                 episodes/24 hrs (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change from baseline 
                 −0.58 
                 (0.81) 
                 −1.05 
                 (1.39) 
                 −0.86 
                 (2.60) 
                 −0.99 
                 (1.70) 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.40 
                 0.57 
                 1.50 
                 0.57 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.277 
                 0.035 
                 0.177 
                 0.029 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.487 
                 0.728 
                 0.559 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means vs. 
                   
                 −0.47 
                 −0.27 
                 −0.37 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −1.98, 1.04 
                 −2.06, 1.51 
                 −1.80, 1.06 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 5 
                 Mean no. urge incontinence 
                 1.14 
                 (0.95) 
                 0.66 
                 (0.81) 
                 3.10 
                 (2.08) 
                 1.47 
                 (1.72) 
               
               
                 (Week 4) 
                 episodes/24 hrs (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change from baseline 
                 −0.67 
                 (0.98) 
                 −1.25 
                 (1.16) 
                 −0.71 
                 (1.76) 
                 −1.07 
                 (1.30) 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.49 
                 0.48 
                 1.01 
                 0.43 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.216 
                 0.017 
                 0.251 
                 0.026 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.393 
                 0.958 
                 0.623 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means vs. 
                   
                 −0.58 
                 −0.04 
                 −0.31 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −2.09, 0.93 
                 −1.83, 1.74 
                 −1.74, 1.12 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 6 
                 Mean no. urge incontinence 
                 1.02 
                 (1.15) 
                 0.50 
                 (0.92) 
                 2.57 
                 (2.13) 
                 1.19 
                 (1.66) 
               
               
                 (Week 8) 
                 episodes/24 hrs (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change from baseline 
                 −0.79 
                 (0.49) 
                 −1.41 
                 (1.21) 
                 −1.24 
                 (1.67) 
                 −1.35 
                 (1.27) 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.25 
                 0.49 
                 0.97 
                 0.42 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.153 
                 0.010 
                 0.067 
                 0.007 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.363 
                 0.573 
                 0.407 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means vs. 
                   
                 −0.62 
                 −0.45 
                 −0.53 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −2.13, 0.89 
                 −2.23, 1.34 
                 −1.97, 0.90 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 7 
                 Mean no. urge incontinence 
                 1.25 
                 (1.09) 
                 0.64 
                 (0.75) 
                 3.29 
                 (2.27) 
                 1.52 
                 (1.84) 
               
               
                 (Week 12) 
                 episodes/24 hrs (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change from baseline 
                 −0.57 
                 (0.71) 
                 −1.27 
                 (1.17) 
                 −0.52 
                 (1.57) 
                 −1.02 
                 (1.27) 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.35 
                 0.48 
                 0.90 
                 0.42 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.290 
                 0.016 
                 0.389 
                 0.037 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.306 
                 0.958 
                 0.601 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means vs. 
                   
                 −0.70 
                 0.04 
                 −0.33 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −2.21, 0.81 
                 −1.74, 1.83 
                 −1.76, 1.10 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 8 (Exit 
                 Mean no. urge incontinence 
                 0.86 
                 (0.76) 
                 0.62 
                 (0.84) 
                 1.52 
                 (1.39) 
                 0.92 
                 (1.06) 
               
               
                 Visit) (Week 24) 
                 episodes/24 hrs (SD) 
               
               
                   
                 Mean change from baseline 
                 −0.96 
                 (0.94) 
                 −1.29 
                 (1.10) 
                 −2.29 
                 (2.72) 
                 −1.62 
                 (1.69) 
               
               
                   
                 (SD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SEM 
                 0.47 
                 0.45 
                 1.57 
                 0.56 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.094 
                 0.015 
                 0.005 
                 0.001 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.616 
                 0.122 
                 0.212 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means vs. 
                   
                 −0.34 
                 −1.33 
                 −0.83 
               
               
                   
                 placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −1.84, 1.17 
                 −3.11, 0.46 
                 −2.26, 0.60 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 [1]: P-value to test whether there is a statistically significant difference between values measured at certain time point vs baseline measurement for certain treatment. 
               
               
                   
                 [2]: P-value for test whether there is a statistically significant difference between changes from baseline comparing to placebo. 
               
               
                   
                 All the P-values and estimates are derived from a linear mixed effect model with number of voids as dependent variables, treatments (placebo, 16000 ug, 24000 ug and total hMaxi-K), time point and interaction of time and treatment. 
               
               
                   
                 All doses = all hMaxi-K doses 
               
               
                   
                 SD = standard deviation; 
               
               
                   
                 SEM = standard error of the mean 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Participant Perception of Response to Treatment - Efficacy Population 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Placebo, n (%) 
                 hMaxi-K, n (%) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Placebo 
                 16000 ug 
                 24000 ug 
                 All Doses 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 V3 (N = 13) 
                 No benefit 
                 3 (75.00) 
                 1 (16.67) 
                 0 
                 1 (11.11) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, a little benefit 
                 1 (25.00) 
                 1 (16.67) 
                 3 (100.0) 
                 4 (44.44) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, very much 
                 0 
                 4 (66.67) 
                 0 
                 4 (44.44) 
               
               
                   
                 benefit 
               
               
                   
                 P-value 
                   
                 0.1429 
                 0.1429 
                 0.0190 
               
               
                 V4 (N = 13) 
                 No benefit 
                 3 (75.00) 
                 1 (16.67) 
                 0 
                 1 (11.11) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, a little benefit 
                 1 (25.00) 
                 1 (16.67) 
                 2 (66.67) 
                 3 (33.33) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, very much 
                 0 
                 4 (66.67) 
                 1 (33.33) 
                 5 (55.56) 
               
               
                   
                 benefit 
               
               
                   
                 P-value 
                   
                 0.1429 
                 0.2286 
                 0.1202 
               
               
                 V5 (N = 13) 
                 No benefit 
                 3 (75.00) 
                 1 (16.67) 
                 0 
                 1 (11.11) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, a little benefit 
                 1 (25.00) 
                 0    
                 2 (66.67) 
                 2 (22.22) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, very much 
                 0 
                 5 (83.33) 
                 1 (33.33) 
                 6 (66.67) 
               
               
                   
                 benefit 
               
               
                   
                 P-value 
                   
                 0.0238 
                 0.2286 
                 0.0126 
               
               
                 V6 (N = 13) 
                 No benefit 
                 3 (75.00) 
                 1 (16.67) 
                 0 
                 1 (11.11) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, a little benefit 
                 1 (25.00) 
                 2 (33.33) 
                 2 (66.67) 
                 4 (44.44) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, very much 
                 0 
                 3 (50.00) 
                 1 (33.33) 
                 4 (44.44) 
               
               
                   
                 benefit 
               
               
                   
                 P-value 
                   
                 0.2286 
                 0.2286 
                 0.2727 
               
               
                 V7 (N = 13) 
                 No benefit 
                 3 (75.00) 
                 2 (33.33) 
                 0 
                 2 (22.22) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, a little benefit 
                 1 (25.00) 
                 1 (16.67) 
                 2 (66.67) 
                 3 (33.33) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, very much 
                 0 
                 3 (50.00) 
                 1 (33.33) 
                 4 (44.44) 
               
               
                   
                 benefit 
               
               
                   
                 P-value 
                   
                 0.2857 
                 0.2286 
                 0.2727 
               
               
                 V8 (N = 13) 
                 No benefit 
                 3 (75.00) 
                 2 (33.33) 
                 0 
                 2 (22.22) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, a little benefit 
                 1 (25.00) 
                 1 (16.67) 
                 2 (66.67) 
                 3 (33.33) 
               
               
                   
                 Yes, very much 
                 0 
                 3 (50.00) 
                 1 (33.33) 
                 4 (44.44) 
               
               
                   
                 benefit 
               
               
                   
                 P-value 
                   
                 0.2857 
                 0.2286 
                 0.2727 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 p-values are nominal and for chi-square test to see whether perception of response to treatment are different for patients received treatment and those received placebo. 
               
               
                 All doses = all hMaxi-K doses 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Change in the Mean Number of Urge Incontinence Episode per 24 Hours - Efficacy Population 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 hMaxi-K 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Placebo 
                 16000 ug 
                 24000 ug 
                 All Doses 
               
               
                 Visit 
                 n 
                 4 
                 6 
                 3 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Urge incontinence 
               
               
                 episode per 24 
               
               
                 hours 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 1A 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 1.88 
                 (1.25) 
                 2.08 
                 (0.57) 
                 8.69 
                 (12.02) 
                 4.29 
                 (6.87) 
               
               
                 Visit 2 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 1.82 
                 (1.52) 
                 1.91 
                 (0.83) 
                 3.81 
                 (3.30) 
                 2.54 
                 (2.01) 
               
               
                 Visit 3 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 1.43 
                 (1.32) 
                 1.29 
                 (1.08) 
                 2.74 
                 (0.25) 
                 1.77 
                 (1.13) 
               
               
                 Visit 4 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 1.23 
                 (1.27) 
                 0.86 
                 (1.09) 
                 2.95 
                 (1.35) 
                 1.56 
                 (1.51) 
               
               
                 Visit 5 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 1.14 
                 (0.95) 
                 0.66 
                 (0.81) 
                 3.10 
                 (2.08) 
                 1.47 
                 (1.72) 
               
               
                 Visit 6 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 1.02 
                 (1.15) 
                 0.50 
                 (0.92) 
                 2.57 
                 (2.13) 
                 1.19 
                 (1.66) 
               
               
                 Visit 7 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 1.25 
                 (1.09) 
                 0.64 
                 (0.75) 
                 3.29 
                 (2.27) 
                 1.52 
                 (1.84) 
               
               
                 Visit 8 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 0.86 
                 (0.76) 
                 0.62 
                 (0.84) 
                 1.52 
                 (1.39) 
                 0.92 
                 (1.06) 
               
               
                 (Exit Visit) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Change from 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Baseline V2 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 3 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 −0.39 
                 (0.22) 
                 −0.63 
                 (0.74) 
                 −1.07 
                 (3.15) 
                 −0.78 
                 (1.69) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 p-value [1] 
                 0.460 
                 0.164 
                 0.103 
                 0.045 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [2] 
                   
                 0.718 
                 0.395 
                 0.470 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −0.24 
                 −0.68 
                 −0.46 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −1.75, 1.27 
                 −2.47, 1.10 
                 −1.89, 0.97 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [3] 
                   
                   
                 0.545 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                   
                 −0.44 
               
               
                   
                 Means 24000 ug vs. 
               
               
                   
                 16000 ug 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                   
                 −2.10, 1.21 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 4 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 −0.58 
                 (0.81) 
                 −1.05 
                 (1.39) 
                 −0.86 
                 (2.60) 
                 −0.99 
                 (1.70) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 p-value [1] 
                 0.277 
                 0.035 
                 0.177 
                 0.029 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [2] 
                   
                 0.487 
                 0.728 
                 0.559 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −0.47 
                 −0.27 
                 −0.37 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −1.98, 1.04 
                 −2.06, 1.51 
                 −1.80, 1.06 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [3] 
                   
                   
                 0.789 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                   
                 0.19 
               
               
                   
                 Means 24000 ug vs. 
               
               
                   
                 16000 ug 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                   
                 −1.46, 1.85 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 5 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 −0.67 
                 (0.98) 
                 −1.25 
                 (1.16) 
                 −0.71 
                 (1.76) 
                 −1.07 
                 (1.30) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 p-value [1] 
                 0.216 
                 0.017 
                 0.251 
                 0.026 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [2] 
                   
                 0.393 
                 0.958 
                 0.623 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −0.58 
                 −0.04 
                 −0.31 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −2.09, 0.93 
                 −1.83, 1.74 
                 −1.74, 1.12 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [3] 
                   
                   
                 0.465 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                   
                 0.54 
               
               
                   
                 Means 24000 ug vs. 
               
               
                   
                 16000 ug 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                   
                 −1.11, 2.19 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 6 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 −0.79 
                 (0.49) 
                 −1.41 
                 (1.21) 
                 −1.24 
                 (1.67) 
                 −1.35 
                 (1.27) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 p-value [1] 
                 0.153 
                 0.010 
                 0.067 
                 0.007 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [2] 
                   
                 0.363 
                 0.573 
                 0.407 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −0.62 
                 −0.45 
                 −0.53 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −2.13, 0.89 
                 −2.23, 1.34 
                 −1.97, 0.90 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [3] 
                   
                   
                 0.810 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                   
                 0.17 
               
               
                   
                 Means 24000 ug vs. 
               
               
                   
                 16000 ug 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                   
                 −1.48, 1.83 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 7 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 −0.57 
                 (0.71) 
                 −1.27 
                 (1.17) 
                 −0.52 
                 (1.57) 
                 −1.02 
                 (1.27) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 p-value [1] 
                 0.290 
                 0.016 
                 0.389 
                 0.037 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [2] 
                   
                 0.306 
                 0.958 
                 0.601 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −0.70 
                 0.04 
                 −0.33 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −2.21, 0.81 
                 −1.74, 1.83 
                 −1.76, 1.10 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [3] 
                   
                   
                 0.321 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                   
                 0.75 
               
               
                   
                 Means 24000 ug vs. 
               
               
                   
                 16000 ug 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                   
                 −0.91, 2.40 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 8 
                 Mean (SD) 
                 −0.96 
                 (0.94) 
                 −1.29 
                 (1.10) 
                 −2.29 
                 (2.72) 
                 −1.62 
                 (1.69) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 (Exit Visit) 
                 p-value [1] 
                 0.094 
                 0.015 
                 0.005 
                 0.001 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [2] 
                   
                 0.616 
                 0.122 
                 0.212 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                 −0.34 
                 −1.33 
                 −0.83 
               
               
                   
                 Means vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −1.84, 1.17 
                 −3.11, 0.46 
                 −2.26, 0.60 
               
               
                   
                 p-value [3] 
                   
                   
                 0.199 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS 
                   
                   
                 −0.99 
               
               
                   
                 Means 24000 ug vs. 
               
               
                   
                 16000 ug 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                   
                 −2.65, 0.66 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 [1]: p-value to test whether there is a statistically significant difference between values measured at certain time point vs baseline measurement for certain treatment. 
               
               
                 [2]: p-value for test whether there is a statistically significant difference between changes from baseline comparing to placebo. 
               
               
                 [3]: p-value for test whether there is difference between 24000 ug group vs. 16000 ug group. ssAll the p-values and estimates are derived from a linear mixed effect model with number of urge incontinence episode per 24 hours as dependent variables, treatments (placebo, 16000 ug, 24000 ug and total hMaxi-K), time point and interaction of time and treatment. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Change in the Weight (gm) of 72 Hour Pad Test - Safety Population 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 hMaxi-K 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Placebo 
                 16000 ug 
                 24000 ug 
                 All Doses 
               
               
                 Visit 
                 n 
                 4 
                 6 
                 3 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 1A 
                 Mean (SD) weight of 
                 29.33 
                 (20.03) 
                 345.00 
                 (726.50) 
                 611.67 
                 (703.53) 
                 433.89 
                 (686.58) 
               
               
                 Screening 
                 72 hr. pad test 
               
               
                 Visit 2 
                 Mean (SD) weight of 
                 259.25 
                 (417.95) 
                 314.00 
                 (663.23) 
                 677.33 
                 (643.96) 
                 435.11 
                 (641.56) 
               
               
                 Baseline 
                 72 hr. pad test 
               
               
                 Visit 3 
                 Mean (SD) weight of 
                 133.50 
                 (206.99) 
                 241.67 
                 (541.39) 
                 518.03 
                 (499.37) 
                 333.79 
                 (514.42) 
               
               
                 (Week 1) 
                 72 hr. pad test 
               
               
                   
                 Mean (SD) change from 
                 −125.75 
                 (211.14) 
                 −72.33 
                 (123.08) 
                 −159.30 
                 (144.90) 
                 −101.32 
                 (128.87) 
               
               
                   
                 baseline in pad weight 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.044 
                 0.127 
                 0.024 
                 0.013 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.446 
                 0.598 
                 0.937 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means 
                   
                 53.42 
                 −43.14 
                 5.14 
               
               
                   
                 vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −102.87, 209.70  
                 −228.08, 141.80 
                 −143.13, 153.41 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 4 
                 Mean (SD) weight of 
                 119.00 
                 (177.72) 
                 231.83 
                 (509.77) 
                 528.00 
                 (501.86) 
                 330.56 
                 (497.30) 
               
               
                 (Week 2) 
                 72 hr. pad test 
               
               
                   
                 Mean (SD) change from 
                 −140.25 
                 (242.66) 
                 −82.17 
                 (155.66) 
                 −149.33 
                 (142.12) 
                 −104.56 
                 (146.02) 
               
               
                   
                 baseline in pad weight 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.029 
                 0.090 
                 0.031 
                 0.013 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.409 
                 0.818 
                 0.762 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means 
                   
                 58.08 
                 −18.67 
                 19.71 
               
               
                   
                 vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −98.20, 214.37 
                 −203.61, 166.27 
                 −128.57, 167.98 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 5 
                 Mean (SD) weight of 
                 100.75 
                 (84.24) 
                 212.00 
                 (485.13) 
                 494.67 
                 (508.22) 
                 306.22 
                 (481.29) 
               
               
                 (Week 4) 
                 72 hr. pad test 
               
               
                   
                 Mean (SD) change from 
                 −158.50 
                 (345.31) 
                 −102.00 
                 (179.22) 
                 −182.67 
                 (153.16) 
                 −128.89 
                 (166.03) 
               
               
                   
                 baseline in pad weight 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.017 
                 0.045 
                 0.014 
                 0.005 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.421 
                 0.679 
                 0.861 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means 
                   
                 56.50 
                 −33.76 
                 11.37 
               
               
                   
                 vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −99.79, 212.79 
                 −218.69, 151.18 
                 −136.90, 159.64 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 6 [3] 
                 Mean (SD) weight of 
                 164.00 
                 (272.19) 
                 186.33 
                 (427.25) 
                 489.33 
                 (425.48) 
                 287.33 
                 (426.96) 
               
               
                 Week 8) 
                 72 hr. pad test 
               
               
                   
                 Mean (SD) change from 
                 −95.25 
                 (145.96) 
                 −127.67 
                 (236.90) 
                 −188.00 
                 (361.87) 
                 −147.78 
                 (262.15) 
               
               
                   
                 baseline in pad weight 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.105 
                 0.018 
                 0.012 
                 0.003 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.639 
                 0.232 
                 0.318 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means 
                   
                 −32.42 
                 −102.34 
                 −67.38 
               
               
                   
                 vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −188.70, 123.87  
                 −287.28, 82.60  
                 −215.65, 80.89  
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 7 [3] 
                 Mean (SD) weight of 
                 177.50 
                 (307.75) 
                 307.50 
                 (709.54) 
                 545.3 
                 (621.50) 
                 386.78 
                 (652.19) 
               
               
                 (Week 12) 
                 72 hr. pad test 
               
               
                   
                 Mean (SD) change from 
                 −81.75 
                 (110.34) 
                 −6.50 
                 (52.31) 
                 −191.00 
                 (159.81) 
                 −52.63 
                 (113.57) 
               
               
                   
                 baseline in pad weight 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.154 
                 0.881 
                 0.224 
                 0.256 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.292 
                 0.860 
                 0.671 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means 
                   
                 75.25 
                 −16.46 
                 29.40 
               
               
                   
                 vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −81.04, 231.54 
                 −228.54, 195.63 
                 −127.70, 186.49 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Visit 8 [3] 
                 Mean (SD) weight of 
                 85.00 
                 (126.10) 
                 225.00 
                 (520.04) 
                 596.67 
                 (528.52) 
                 348.89 
                 (522.87) 
               
               
                 (Week 24) 
                 72 hr. pad test 
               
               
                   
                 Mean (SD) change from 
                 −174.25 
                 (293.32) 
                 −89.00 
                 (145.01) 
                 −80.67 
                 (189.03) 
                 −86.22 
                 (148.64) 
               
               
                   
                 baseline in pad weight 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 P-value [1] 
                 0.011 
                 0.071 
                 0.171 
                 0.042 
               
               
                   
                 P-value [2] 
                   
                 0.238 
                 0.318 
                 0.219 
               
               
                   
                 Difference of LS Means 
                   
                 85.25 
                 83.99 
                 84.62 
               
               
                   
                 vs. placebo 
               
               
                   
                 95% CI 
                   
                 −71.04, 241.54 
                 −100.94, 268.93 
                  −63.65, 232.89 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 [1]: P-value to test whether there is a statistically significant difference between values measured at certain time point vs baseline measurement for certain treatment. 
               
               
                   
                 [2]: P-value for test whether there is a statistically significant difference between changes from baseline comparing to placebo. 
               
               
                   
                 [3]: Results include a value of 0 for subject 002019 whose results were incorrectly entered into the database. Results verified by site and CRA. 
               
               
                   
                 All the P-values and estimates are derived from a linear mixed effect model with weight of 72-hour pad test as dependent variables, treatments (placebo, 16000 ug, 24000 ug and total hMaxi-K), time point and interaction of time and treatment. 
               
               
                   
                 All doses = all hMaxi-K doses 
               
               
                   
                 SD = standard deviation