Patent Publication Number: US-2019170244-A1

Title: Actuating device for a parking lock

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a filing under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Patent Application PCT/EP2017/067984, filed Jul. 17, 2017, and claiming priority to German Patent Application 10 2016 215 790.6, filed Aug. 23, 2016. All applications listed in this paragraph are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The invention relates to an actuating device for selecting a gear of a shift-by-wire gearshift transmission, the actuating device comprising a housing, a selection lever movable along at least one shift gate between at least a first position and a parking lock position, a mechanical transfer element for transferring this movement of the selection lever to the gearshift transmission for actuating the parking lock, a coupling system arranged between the selection lever and the transfer element, wherein the coupling system comprises a slider element embodied to move in accordance with the movement of the selection lever. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Actuating devices are used in passenger vehicles, for example, for controlling the transmission of the vehicle. While the gear of the transmission is increasingly controlled by transmitting electrical signals to actuators that mechanically act on the transmission, the parking lock, in contrast, is often controlled via a direct mechanical connection between the actuating device and the transmission. This has the advantage that in a situation where no energy is available for the electrical actuators in the transmission, the vehicle can still be locked into a park position, or freed from a park-locked state when the vehicle is defective, for example, so that it can be towed. 
     However, the current state of the park lock mechanism must be monitored so that the shift-by-wire system can prevent the electrically controlled actuators from engaging a drive gear while the vehicle is in a park-locked state, for example. 
     The position of the selection lever of such an actuation device has traditionally been monitored with a variety of sensor arrangements. For example, the German patent publications DE29817668 and DE19748131C2 disclose optical means for detecting the position of a shifting lever, by using a sensor arrangement comprising laser diodes, an optical fiber bundle and/or a photosensitive device, wherein the light structure transmitted and received is dependent on the position of the shifting lever. 
     It can, however, be advantageous to monitor the state of the park actuator with a separate sensor arrangement that is independent from the sensor arrangement used to monitor the position of the selection lever. This can be advantageous for the sake of redundancy, or because in some actuation devices, the selection lever can be de-coupled from the slider element in certain selection positions. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       An embodiment of the invention will next be explained in detail with reference to the following figures. They show: 
         FIG. 1 : a perspective view of an actuating device with a slider element and printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the actuating device; 
         FIG. 2 : a top view of the slider element in four positions (A, B, C, E) relative to the printed circuit board according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , as well as tables that display a binary output corresponding to each of the positions. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     It is the object of the invention to provide an actuating device with a reliable arrangement for monitoring the state of the parking lock actuator. 
     In some embodiments, the object is achieved by an actuating device for selecting a gear of a shift-by-wire gearshift transmission, the actuating device comprising a housing, a selection lever movable along at least one shift gate between at least a first position and a parking lock position, a mechanical transfer element for transferring said movement of the selection lever to the gearshift transmission for actuating the parking lock, a coupling system arranged between the selection lever and the transfer element, wherein the coupling system comprises a slider element embodied to move in accordance with said movement of the selection lever, wherein the actuating device comprises a optical sensor arrangement, arranged within the housing and comprising at least one transmitter/receiver pair, wherein the slider element comprises a window structure such that when the slider element is in the first position, the slider element interrupts an electromagnetic signal emitted from the transmitter or passes the electromagnetic signal through the window structure, and when the slider element is in the parking lock position, the slider element respectively passes the electromagnetic signal through the window structure or interrupts the electromagnetic signal. The receiver therefore receives a signal in only one of the positions, thereby providing criteria for determining the current position of the slider element. 
     In an advantageous embodiment of the inventive actuating device, the transmitter/receiver pair is embodied to transmit and receive infrared electromagnetic signals. 
     In an embodiment of the inventive actuating device, the transfer element is a Bowden cable. Alternatively, the transfer element can be embodied as a rod. 
     In an advantageous embodiment the window structure is formed by a wall of the slider element arranged essentially along the direction of the movement of the slider element, wherein the wall comprises openings. The wall can be formed integrally with the slider element. This can be advantageous for the production of such a slider element as the wall with the openings, or windows, can be produced in a single injection molding process with a corresponding form. 
     In an embodiment of the actuating device the transmitter/receiver pair is embodied as an optical fork. In a further development of the embodiment, the optical fork is arranged on a printed circuit board and the slider element is embodied to move relative to the printed circuit board, such that the wall is positioned between the transmitter and receiver of the optical fork. The printed circuit board can be mounted such that it has a fixed position with respect to the housing, for example by being attached to an inside wall of the housing. The movement of the slider with respect to the transmission can thereby be monitored, as the housing is generally mounted within a vehicle in a fixed position with respect to the transmission. 
     In a further development the optical sensor arrangement comprises at least two transmitter/receiver pairs, and the window structure is arranged such that at each position of the slider element a unique combination of passed and/or interrupted electromagnetic signals arises. The optical sensor arrangement, when comprising a plurality of transmitter/receiver pairs has the capability to monitor more than two positions of the slider element. The number of positions that can be monitored is limited by the number of unique sensor outputs, which can be calculated using the formula P=2̂n, where P is the number of positions and n is the number of transmitter/receiver pairs. 
     In an embodiment of the actuating device at least one analog to digital converter is provided to convert an output of the optical sensor arrangement into a bit code, wherein the window structure and position of the pairs is arranged so that the hamming distance between bit codes that represent different positions of the slider element has a value of at least two. This advantageously increases the reliability of the sensor arrangement and the actuation device, since the malfunction of a single transmitter or receiver results in a digital output corresponding to a unassigned bit code. That is, the combined output of the transmitter/receiver pairs that is registered, i.e. read from the bit code, will correspond to a physically impossible combination of passed and blocked signals. 
     In an embodiment of the actuating device, the actuating device comprises an evaluation unit, which is embodied to receive the output of the optical sensor arrangement and to determine the position of the slider element on the basis of the output of the optical sensor arrangement. 
     An embodiment of the invention will next be explained in detail with reference to the following figures. They show: 
       FIG. 1 : a perspective view of an actuating device with a slider element and printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the actuating device; 
       FIG. 2 : a top view of the slider element in four positions (A, B, C, E) relative to the printed circuit board according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , as well as tables that display a binary output corresponding to each of the positions. 
       FIG. 1  shows a perspective view of a slider element  5  and printed circuit board  15  according to an embodiment of the actuating device. The slider element  5  comprises a window structure  11 . The window structure  11  is formed by a wall  13  arranged along a direction of movement X of the slider element  5 . The wall  13  is arranged between the base  19  of the slider element  5  and a printed circuit board  15 . The wall  13  comprises openings  11   a ,  11   b ,  11   c ,  11   d  along the top edge, which faces the printed circuit board  15 . These openings  11   a ,  11   b ,  11   c ,  11   d  serve as windows, which permit infrared signals to pass through the wall  13 . The infrared signals are generated and transmitted by infrared transmitter components  9   at ,  9   bt ,  9   ct , which are arranged on the printed circuit board  15  in a row essentially parallel to the wall  13 . Arranged opposite to the transmitter components  9   at ,  9   bt ,  9   ct  are receiver components  9   ar ,  9   br ,  9   cr , such that each transmitter is paired with a receiver. The receiver components  9   ar ,  9   br ,  9   cr  are also arranged in a row essentially parallel to the wall  13 , i.e. essentially parallel to the direction of movement X of the slider element  5 . The transmitter/receiver pairs  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c  can be considered to be optical, or infrared, fork sensors. 
     The printed circuit board  15  is mounted within the actuating device so as to be stationary with respect to the housing  1  of the actuating device, whereas the slider element  5  is embodied to be movable with respect to the housing  1  and also therefore with respect to the printed circuit board  15 . The wall  13  therefore moves along the direction of movement X of the slider element  5 , such that the openings  11   a ,  11   b ,  11   c ,  11   d  in wall  13  at certain points along the movement of the slider element  5  are positioned so as to permit infrared signals to pass between the transmitter  9   at ,  9   bt ,  9   ct  and receiver  9   ar ,  9   br ,  9   cr  of a respective infrared fork sensor. 
     The slider element  5  is connectable to a selection lever  3  of the actuating device, wherein the selection lever  3 , and therefore also the slider element  5 , has four stable positions. For a gear selection lever  3 , these positions can be labeled as Park P, Neutral N, Reverse R and Drive D, for example. The window structure  11  comprised by the slider element  5  is arranged so that a certain combination of passed and blocked signals arises when the selection lever  3 , and correspondingly the slider element  5 , is at a stable location, wherein the combination for each position differs from the combination that arises at a different position, that is, the combination of signals passed and blocked is unique for each position. 
     In the position shown in  FIG. 1 , the signal transmitted by a first transmitter component  9   st  of a first transmitter/receiver pair  9   a  is not blocked by the wall  13 . The signal transmitted by a second transmitter  9   bt  of a second transmitter/receiver pair  9   b  however blocked. In contrast, the receiver component  9   cr  of the third transmitter/receiver pair  9   c  receives a signal that is permitted to pass through the wall, since an opening of the wall is located between the transmitter  9   ct  and the receiver  9   cr  components at this position. 
     In  FIG. 2  a top view of the slider element  5  is shown. The slider element  5  is depicted in four positions A, B, C, E relative to the printed circuit board  15  and the respective infrared fork sensors  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c  according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 2  is divided into four quadrants I, II, III, IV, which show respectively one of the four positions A, B, C, E. Furthermore, tables that display a binary output of the sensor pairs  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c  is shown for each of the positions A, B, C, E in each of the quadrants I, II, III, IV. 
     In a first position A, as shown in a the first quadrant I, the wall is positioned such that a first opening  11   a  is located between the first transmitter/receiver pair  9   a , a second opening  11   b  is located between the second transmitter/receiver pair  9   b , and a fourth opening  11   d  is located between the third transmitter/receiver pair  9   c . Each receiver  9   ar ,  9   br ,  9   cr  therefore registers an infrared signal and outputs a corresponding signal to an analog to digital converter (A/D). The A/D-converter is either comprised in an evaluation unit  17  or is electronically connected to an evaluation unit  17 . The signal incident on the receivers  9   ar ,  9   br ,  9   cr  raises the electrical output to the A/D-converter above a predetermined reference level, so that the A/D-converter outputs a value of 1 to the evaluation unit  17 , or to other components of the evaluation unit  17  if the A/D-converter is comprised by the evaluation unit  17 . Since each of the transmitter/receiver pairs  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c  is able to pass an infrared signal through the window structure  11  in the first position A the binary output for each of the sensors in the evaluation unit is 1. Therefore the first position A is characterized by, or corresponds to, the binary code  111 . 
     In the second position B, as shown in the second quadrant II, the first opening continues  11   a  to be positioned between the first transmitter/receiver pair  9   a . However, a portion of the wall  13  that does not comprise an opening is arranged between the second transmitter/receiver pair  9   b . Therefore, an infrared signal transmitted from the second transmitter  9   bt  is prevented from reaching the second receiver  9   br  and consequently, the binary output of the second receiver  9   br  to the evaluation unit is 0. The third pair passes a signal from the transmitter  9   ct  to the receiver  9   cr , since the fourth opening  11   d  in the wall  13  is still positioned along the signal path between the third transmitter  9   ct  and receiver  9   cr . The binary output of the transmitter/receiver pairs  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c  when the slider element  5  is in the second position B is therefore 101. 
     When the slider element  5  is in a third position C, as shown in the third quadrant III, the wall  13  is arranged to block the infrared signal transmitted from the first transmitter  9   at  so that no signal is incident on the first receiver  9   ar . The output of the first sensor  9   a  is therefore 0. In contrast, an opening  11   c  is positioned between the second transmitter/receiver pair  9   b , and the third transmitter/receiver pair  9   c  is beyond the reach of the wall so that the outputs of the second and third receiver  9   br ,  9   cr  are interpreted by the evaluation unit  17  as being respectively 1 and 1. The total binary output of the group of sensors, i.e. transmitter/receiver pairs  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c , is consequently 011. This output can be compared to a list saved in a memory unit of the evaluation unit  17 , for example, in order to determine that the slider element  5  is currently in the third position C. 
     In the fourth quadrant IV, the slider element  5  is shown in a fourth position E. Here, the wall  13  of the slider element  5  is positioned to intercept signals emitted from the first and second transmitters  9   at ,  9   bt . The third transmitter/receiver pair  9   c  registers a signal, being located beyond the extent of the wall  13 . The binary output of the transmitter/receiver pairs  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c  is therefore 001. A subsequent evaluation by the evaluation unit  17  can determine based on this output that the slider element  5  is in the fourth position E. 
     The four expected outputs of the system  7  of transmitters and receivers  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c  are therefore: 111, 101, 011 and 001. If for example, the evaluation unit  17  would register an output of the transmitter/receiver pairs  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c  as being 110, an error message could be output to warn an operator of a (passenger) vehicle or to a central processing unit of the vehicle. 
     REFERENCE CHARACTERS 
     
         
           1  housing 
           3  selection lever 
           5  slider element 
           7  optical sensor system 
           9   ar /- t ,  9   br /- t ,  9   cr /- t  first, second and third transmitter/receiver pairs 
           11   a, b, c, d  first, second, third and fourth openings 
           13  wall 
           15  printed circuit board 
           17  evaluation unit 
           19  base of slider element 
         A, B, C, E first to fourth positions of slider element 
         P, R, N, D positions of selection lever 
         G shift gate 
         S transfer element/Bowden cable