Patent Publication Number: US-2023136086-A1

Title: Blood Draw Device Having Tactile Feedback Mechanism

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/273,226, entitled “Blood Draw Device Having Tactile Feedback Mechanism”, filed Oct. 29, 2021, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The embodiments described herein relate generally to fluid transfer medical devices. More particularly, the embodiments described herein relate to blood draw device for withdrawing blood from from a patient through a placed peripheral intravenous catheter, with the blood draw device having one or more tactile feedback mechanisms. 
     Description of Related Art 
     A catheter is commonly used to infuse fluids into vasculature of a patient. For example, the catheter may be used for infusing normal saline solution, various medicaments, or total parenteral nutrition. Furthermore, the catheter may also be used for withdrawing blood from the patient. 
     The catheter may be an over-the-needle peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC). In this case, the catheter may be mounted over an introducer needle having a sharp distal tip. The catheter and the introducer needle may be assembled so that the distal tip of the introducer needle extends beyond the distal tip of the catheter with the bevel of the needle facing up away from skin of the patient. The catheter and introducer needle are generally inserted at a shallow angle through the skin into vasculature of the patient. After proper placement of the needle, the clinician may temporarily occlude flow in the vasculature and remove the needle, leaving the catheter in place (i.e., “indwelled”) for future blood withdrawal and/or fluid infusion. 
     While PIVCs may be used for blood withdrawal, they are not typically designed and optimized for such purposes. Accordingly, several blood draw devices have been developed for use with PIVCs to improve blood collection. These devices (such as, e.g. PIVO™ from Velano Vascular, Inc.) are configured as single-use devices which temporarily attach to a PIVC to draw a blood sample. Using an existing peripheral intravenous line as a conduit to the vasculature, the blood draw device includes an introducer and an actuator configured to enable a user to manually advance a flexible, internal flow tube through the PIVC, beyond the catheter tip, and into the vein to collect a blood sample. This flow tube is designed to extend beyond any suboptimal draw conditions around the indwelling line to reach vein locations where blood flow is optimal for aspiration. Once blood collection is complete, the flow tube is retracted, and the device is removed from the PIVC and discarded. 
     In some instances, blood draw devices for use with PIVCs include features to provide tactile feedback to the user indicative of the position of the flow tube relative to the indwelled catheter. Examples of such devices are shown and described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/419,191, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For example, in the embodiments described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/419,191, the introducer of the blood draw device includes a plurality of ribs or ridges extending across a top surface thereof, with two unique regions of ridges being provided. As the user slides the actuator along the introducer, the transition between these two regions is intended to provide tactile feedback to the user indicative of the position of the flow tube as it enters the patient&#39;s vein. However, due to the ridges being formed across a substantial portion of the introducer, movement of the actuator along the introducer may result in vibrations felt by the user, with these vibrations interfering with the user&#39;s ability to distinguish tactile feedback from the flow tube should the flow tube encounter any obstructions, obstacles, or resistance encountered through contact with valves or other vein anatomy. Furthermore, these vibrations may be extreme enough to limit the user&#39;s ability to distinguish the location at which the ridges change shape and/or frequency, thereby reducing the intended functionality of the ridges. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, the present disclosure generally relates to assemblies, systems, and methods including blood draw devices having introducers and/or actuators configured for improved tactile feedback. 
     In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a blood draw device for use with a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) is provided. The blood draw device may include an introducer having a proximal end portion, a distal end portion, and an inner volume, the introducer further including a top surface having a first portion of a first length and a second portion of a second length, wherein the first portion has a smooth surface along the first length and the second portion has a plurality of ridges along the second length. The blood draw device may also include an actuator having an exterior portion positioned above the top surface of the introducer and an interior portion positioned within the inner volume of the introducer, wherein the exterior portion of the actuator includes an engagement member and a downwardly-extending tab projecting below the engagement member, the actuator configured to move relative to the introducer such that the downwardly-extending tab of the actuator contacts at least the plurality of ridges of the second portion of the introducer to provide at least one of tactile and audible feedback to a user as the actuator reaches the second portion of the introducer. 
     In some embodiments, the second portion of the top surface of the introducer is positioned proximate the distal end portion of the introducer. 
     In some embodiments, the second length of the second portion on the top surface is shorter than the first length of the first portion on the top surface. 
     In some embodiments, the top surface of the introducer further may include a convex protrusion located proximate to the proximal end portion of the introducer, and a concave indentation located proximally and adjacent to the convex protrusion. 
     In some embodiments, the downwardly-extending tab of the actuator is configured to engage with the concave indentation of the introducer when the actuator is positioned at a proximate-most position relative to the introducer to prevent movement of the actuator without distally-directed force on the engagement member of the actuator. 
     In some embodiments, a transition from the first portion to the second portion of the introducer is configured to correspond with a distal position of a flow tube coupled to the actuator extending beyond a distal tip of an indwelling catheter within a patient. 
     In some embodiments, the introducer further includes a slot extending thereon, and a portion of the actuator may extend through the slot to couple the exterior portion of the actuator with the interior portion of the actuator. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a blood draw device for use with a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) is provided. The blood draw device may include an introducer having a proximal end portion, a distal end portion, and an inner volume, the introducer further including a top surface having a first convex protrusion located proximate the proximal end portion, a second convex protrusion located proximate the distal end portion, and a smooth surface extending between the first convex protrusion and the second convex protrusion. The blood draw device may further include an actuator having an exterior portion positioned above the top surface of the introducer and an interior portion positioned within the inner volume of the introducer, wherein the exterior portion of the actuator includes an engagement member and a downwardly-extending tab projecting below the engagement member, the actuator configured to move relative to the introducer such that the downwardly-extending tab of the actuator contacts at least the first convex protrusion and the second convex protrusion to provide at least one of tactile and audible feedback to a user as the actuator reaches travels over the first convex protrusion and the second convex protrusion. 
     In some embodiments, the blood draw device may further include a first concave indentation positioned proximally to the first convex protrusion and a second concave indentation positioned proximally to the second convex protrusion. 
     In some embodiments, the downwardly-extending tab of the actuator is configured to engage with the first concave indentation of the introducer when the actuator is positioned at a proximate-most position relative to the introducer, and the downwardly-extending tab of the actuator is configured to engage with the second concave indentation of the introducer when the actuator is positioned at a distal-most position relative to the introducer. 
     In some embodiments, the introducer further includes a slot extending thereon, and a portion of the actuator may extend through the slot to couple the exterior portion of the actuator with the interior portion of the actuator. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a blood draw device for use with a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) is provided. The blood draw device may include an introducer having a proximal end portion, a distal end portion, and an inner volume, the introducer further including an exterior top surface and an interior upper surface, the interior upper surface having at least a first portion of a first length and a second portion of a second length, wherein at least one of the first portion and the second portion of the interior upper surface includes a plurality of ridges formed thereon. The blood draw device may also include an actuator having an exterior portion positioned above a top surface of the introducer and an interior portion positioned within the inner volume of the introducer, wherein the exterior portion of the actuator includes an engagement member and the interior portion includes an upwardly-extending tab projecting towards the interior upper surface of the introducer, the actuator configured to move relative to the introducer such that the upwardly-extending tab of the introducer contacts the plurality of ridges formed on at least one of the first portion and the second portion of the interior upper surface of the introducer. 
     In some embodiments, both the first portion and the second portion of the interior upper surface include a plurality of ridges formed thereon. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of ridges formed on the second portion are larger than the plurality of ridges formed on the second portion. 
     In some embodiments, the first portion of the interior upper surface is a smooth surface and the second portion of the interior upper surface includes a plurality of ridges formed thereon. 
     In some embodiments, the second length of the second portion on the interior upper surface is shorter than the first length of the first portion on the interior upper surface 
     In some embodiments, the interior upper surface of the introducer further includes a convex protrusion located proximate to the proximal end portion of the introducer, and a concave indentation located proximally and adjacent to the convex protrusion. 
     In some embodiments, the upwardly-extending tab of the actuator is configured to engage with the concave indentation of the introducer when the actuator is positioned at a proximate-most position relative to the introducer to prevent movement of the actuator without distally-directed force on the engagement member of the actuator. 
     In some embodiments, the upwardly-extending tab of the actuator is positioned on a cantilever. 
     In some embodiments, the actuator may further includes a spring member configured to provide for releasable engagement of the actuator with a detent formed on the interior upper surface of the introducer. 
     Further details and advantages of the invention will become clear upon reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures, wherein like parts are designated with like reference numerals throughout. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic illustration of a blood draw device in a first configuration in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic illustration of the blood draw device of  FIG.  1    in a second configuration in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  3 A  is a perspective view of an introducer and actuator of a blood draw device in a first configuration in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  3 B  is a perspective view of the introducer and actuator of  FIG.  3 A  in a second configuration; 
         FIG.  4 A  is a perspective view of an introducer and actuator of a blood draw device in a first configuration in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  4 B  is a perspective view of the introducer and actuator of  FIG.  4 A  in a second configuration; 
         FIG.  5 A  is a perspective view of an introducer and actuator of a blood draw device in a first configuration in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  5 B  is a perspective view of the introducer and actuator of  FIG.  5 A  in a second configuration; 
         FIG.  6 A  is a partial perspective view of the introducer and actuator of  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  in a first configuration in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  6 B  is a partial perspective view of the introducer and actuator of  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  in a second configuration in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  7 A  is a partial perspective view of the introducer and actuator of  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  in a first configuration in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  7 B  is a partial perspective view of the introducer and actuator of  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  in a second configuration in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8 A  is a partial perspective view of the introducer and actuator of  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  in a first configuration in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8 B  is a partial perspective view of the introducer and actuator of  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  in a second configuration in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure 
         FIG.  9    is a perspective view of an actuator in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  10    is a partial perspective view of an introducer and actuator of a blood draw device in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  11 A  is a partial perspective view of an introducer of a blood draw device in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  11 B  is a side profile view of a portion of an introducer of a blood draw device in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  12    is an exploded perspective view of an introducer and actuator of a blood draw device in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG.  13    is an exploded perspective view of an introducer and actuator of a blood draw device in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the described aspects contemplated for carrying out the invention. Various modifications, equivalents, variations, and alternatives, however, will remain readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Any and all such modifications, variations, equivalents, and alternatives are intended to fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     For the purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “right”, “left”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “lateral”, “longitudinal”, and derivatives thereof shall relate to the invention as it is oriented in the drawings. However, it is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative variations, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification, are simply exemplary aspects of the invention. Hence, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to the aspects disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure will primarily be described in the context of blood draw devices for use with integrated PIVCs. However, embodiments of the present disclosure equally extend to any fluid transfer device. Accordingly, the techniques and features of the present disclosure can be applied to any type of fluid transfer device, and is not limited to blood draw via an integrated PIVC. 
       FIGS.  1  and  2    are schematic illustrations of a blood draw device  100  for phlebotomy through a peripheral intravenous line or catheter in a first configuration and second configuration, respectively, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The blood draw device  100  can be any suitable shape, size, and/or configuration. As described in further detail herein, the blood draw device  100  is configured to couple to and/or otherwise engage an indwelling peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC)  105  to transfer fluid from (e.g., aspiration of blood) and/or transfer fluid to (e.g., infusion of a drug or substance) a portion of a patient. 
     The blood draw device  100  includes at least an introducer  110 , a catheter  160  (or cannula), and an actuator  170 . The introducer  110  can be any suitable configuration. For example, in some embodiments, the introducer  110  can be an elongate member having a substantially circular or U-shaped cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the shape of the introducer  110  and/or one or more features or surface finishes of at least an outer surface of the introducer  110  can be arranged to increase the ergonomics of the blood draw device  100 , which in some instances, can allow a user to manipulate the blood draw device  100  with one hand (i.e., single-handed use). 
     The introducer  110  has a proximal end portion  111  and a distal end portion  112  and defines an inner volume  113 . Although not shown in  FIGS.  1  and  2   , the proximal end portion  111  of the introducer  110  can include an opening or port configured to movably receive a portion of the catheter  160 . As such, a first portion of the catheter  160  can be disposed within the inner volume  113  and a second portion of the catheter  160  can be disposed outside of the inner volume  113 . The opening or port can be any suitable configuration. For example, in some embodiments, the opening and/or port can include a seal or the like configured to form a substantially fluid tight seal with an outer surface of the portion of the catheter  160  disposed therein. In other embodiments, the arrangement of the opening and/or port can be such that a user can place the catheter  160  in selective contact with a surface of the proximal end portion  111  defining the opening and/or port, which in turn, can clamp and/or pinch the catheter  160  to selectively obstruct a lumen of the catheter  160 . 
     The distal end portion  112  of the introducer  110  includes and/or is coupled to a lock configured to physically and fluidly couple the introducer  110  to the PIVC  105  (see e.g.,  FIG.  2   ). For example, in some embodiments, the distal end portion  112  can include a coupler or the like such as a Luer Lok™ or the like configured to physically and fluidly couple to an associated coupler of the lock. In some embodiments, the lock is configured to selectively engage and/or contact the PIVC  105  to couple the introducer  110  thereto. For example, in some embodiments, the shape, size, and/or arrangement of the lock is such that the lock forms three points of contact with the PIVC  105 . In some embodiments, such an arrangement can provide structural rigidity and/or support to the PIVC  105  as a portion of the lock (e.g., a blunt cannula or the like) is inserted into a portion of the PIVC  105 . 
     In some embodiments, the distal end portion  112  of the introducer  110  (and/or the lock) can include a seal or the like that can be transferred from a sealed configuration to a substantially open configuration to place at least a portion of the inner volume  113  in fluid communication with the lock. In some embodiments, the seal can include back flow prevention mechanism such as a one-way valve or the like that can allow, for example, the catheter  160  to be advanced in the distal direction therethrough while limiting and/or substantially preventing a fluid flow, outside the catheter  160 , in the proximal direction through the seal. 
     As described above, the introducer  110  defines the inner volume  113 , which extends between the proximal end portion  111  and the distal end portion  112 . The inner volume  113  has and/or defines a first portion  114  configured to receive a first portion  171  of the actuator  170  and a second portion  115  configured to receive the catheter  160  and a second portion  175  of the actuator  170 , as shown in  FIGS.  1  and  2   . More specifically, an inner surface of the introducer  110  that defines the inner volume  113  can have, for example, a tortuous cross-sectional shape (not shown in  FIGS.  1  and  2   ) such that an axis defined by the first portion  114  of the inner volume  113  is parallel to and offset from an axis defined by the second portion  115  of the inner volume  113 . In this manner, the first portion  114  of the inner volume  113  can be spaced apart from the second portion  115  of the inner volume  113  without being fluidically isolated therefrom. In some embodiments, the first portion  114  of the inner volume  113  can extend through a wall of the introducer  110 . In other words, the introducer  110  can define a slot, channel, track, opening, and/or the like that is in fluid communication with the first portion  114  of the inner volume  113 . Conversely, the second portion  115  of the inner volume  113  can be entirely defined and/or enclosed (at least in the circumferential direction) by the introducer  110 . Moreover, in some embodiments, the tortuous cross-sectional shape of the inner volume  113  is such that the second portion  115  cannot be viewed (e.g., is out of the line of sight) via the slot or the like in fluid communication with the first portion  114  of the inner volume  113 , which in turn, can limit and/or substantially prevent contamination of the catheter  160  disposed therein. 
     The catheter  160  of the blood draw device  100  includes a proximal end portion  161  and a distal end portion  162  and defines a lumen  163  that extends through the proximal end portion  161  and the distal end portion  162 . The catheter  160  is movably disposed within the second portion  115  of the inner volume  113  defined by the introducer  110  and is coupled to the actuator  170 . In some embodiments, the catheter  160  can be moved (e.g., via movement of the actuator  170 ) between a first position and a second position to transition the transfer device  100  between the first configuration and the second configuration, respectively. More specifically, at least the distal end portion  162  of the catheter  160  is disposed within the second portion  115  of the inner volume  113  when the catheter  160  is in the first position ( FIG.  1   ) and at least a portion of the catheter  160  extends through the PIVC  105  to place a distal end of the catheter  160  in a distal position relative to a portion of the PIVC  105  when the catheter  160  is in the second position ( FIG.  2   ). Although not shown in  FIGS.  1  and  2   , in some embodiments, the blood draw device  100  can include a secondary catheter or the like that is coupled to the actuator  170  and in fluid communication with the catheter  160 . In such embodiments, the secondary catheter can be, for example, disposed in a proximal position relative to the catheter  160  and can be configured to extend through the opening and/or port defined by the proximal end portion  111  of the introducer  110 . In this manner, a proximal end portion of the secondary catheter can be coupled to a fluid reservoir, fluid source, syringe, and/or the like, which in turn, places the catheter  160  in fluid communication therewith. Moreover, in embodiments including the secondary catheter, the catheter  160  can be entirely disposed within the introducer  110  when the catheter  160  is in the first position. 
     The catheter  160  can be any suitable shape, size, and/or configuration. For example, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the catheter  160  can have an outer diameter (e.g., between a 16-gauge and a 26-gauge) that is substantially similar to or slightly smaller than an inner diameter defined by a portion of the lock coupled to the distal end portion  112  of the introducer  110 . In this manner, an inner surface of the portion of the lock can guide the catheter  160  as the catheter  160  is moved between the first position and the second position. In some embodiments, such an arrangement can limit and/or can substantially prevent bending, deforming, and/or kinking of the catheter  160  as the catheter  160  is moved between the first position and the second position. In some embodiments, the catheter  160  can have a length that is sufficient to place a distal surface of the catheter  160  in a desired position relative to a distal surface of the PIVC  105  when the catheter  160  is in the second position. In other words, the length of the catheter  160  can be sufficient to define a predetermined and/or desired distance between the distal surface of the catheter  160  and the distal surface of the PIVC  105  when the catheter  160  is in the second position. In some instances, placing the distal surface of the catheter  160  the predetermined and/or desired distance from the distal surface of the PIVC  105  can, for example, place the distal surface of the catheter  160  in a desired position within a patient&#39;s vein. 
     The catheter  160  can be formed from any suitable material or combination of materials, which in turn, can result in the catheter  160  having any suitable stiffness or durometer. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the catheter  160  can be formed of a braided material or the like, which can change, modify, and/or alter a flexibility of the catheter  160  in response to a bending force or the like. In some embodiments, forming the catheter  160  of the braided material or the like can reduce a likelihood of kinking and/or otherwise deforming in an undesired manner. In addition, forming at least a portion of the catheter  160  of a braided material can result in a compression and/or deformation in response to a compression force exerted in a direction of a longitudinal centerline defined by the catheter  160  (e.g., an axial force or the like). In this manner, the catheter  160  can absorb a portion of force associated with, for example, impacting an obstruction or the like. 
     The actuator  170  of the transfer device  100  can be any suitable shape, size, and/or configuration. As described above, the actuator  170  includes the first portion  171  movably disposed within the first portion  114  of the inner volume  113  and the second portion  175  movably disposed within the second portion  115  of the inner volume  113  and coupled to the catheter  160 . Although not shown in  FIGS.  1  and  2   , the actuator  170  can have a cross-sectional shape that is associated with and/or otherwise corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the inner volume  113  (e.g., the tortuous cross-sectional shape). Thus, an axis defined by the first portion  171  of the actuator  170  is parallel to and offset from an axis defined by the second portion  175  of the actuator  170 . 
     The arrangement of the actuator  170  and the introducer  110  is such that the first portion  171  extends through the slot or the like in fluid communication with the first portion  114  of the inner volume  113 . As such, a first region of the first portion  171  of the actuator  170  is disposed outside of the introducer  110  and a second region of the first portion  171  of the actuator  170  is disposed in the first portion  114  of the inner volume  113 . In this manner, a user can engage the first region of the first portion  171  of the actuator  170  and can move the actuator  170  longitudinally relative to the introducer  110  to move the catheter  160  coupled to the second portion  175  of the actuator  170  between the first position and the second position. Although not shown in  FIGS.  1  and  2   , in some embodiments, the first portion  171  of the actuator  170  can include a tab, protrusion, and/or surface that is in contact with an outer surface of the introducer  110 . In such embodiments, and as will be described in further detail below, the outer surface of the introducer  110  can include, for example, a set of ribs, ridges, bumps, grooves, and/or the like along which the tab, protrusion, and/or surface of the first portion  171  advances when the actuator  170  is moved relative to the introducer  110 , which in turn, produces tactile feedback to provide an indication to the user associated with a position of the distal end portion  162  of the catheter  160 . 
     In some embodiments, the blood draw device  100  can be disposed in the first configuration prior to use (e.g., shipped, stored, prepared, etc. in the first configuration). In use, a user can manipulate the blood draw device  100  to couple the introducer  110  to the indwelling PIVC  105  (e.g., via the lock coupled to and/or assembled with the introducer  110 ). With the blood draw device  100  coupled to the PIVC  105 , the user can engage the first portion  171  of the actuator  170  to move the actuator  170  relative to the introducer  110 , which in turn, moves the catheter  160  from the first position (e.g., disposed within the introducer  110 ) toward the second position. In some embodiments, the arrangement of the actuator  170  and the introducer  110  is such that advancing the actuator  170  relative to the introducer  110  produces a tactile output and/or feedback configured to provide and indicator associated with position of the distal end portion  162  of the catheter  160  relative to the introducer  110  and/or the PIVC  105  to the user. 
     With the catheter  160  in the second position (e.g., with the blood draw device  100  in the second configuration shown in  FIG.  2   ), the user can establish fluid communication between a fluid reservoir, fluid source, syringe, and/or the like and the catheter  160 . For example, as described above, in some embodiments, the user can couple the secondary catheter (not shown) to the fluid reservoir, fluid source, syringe, and/or the like. Although described as establishing fluid communication between the catheter  160  and the fluid reservoir or fluid source after placing the catheter  160  in the second position, in other embodiments, the user can establish fluid communication between the catheter  160  and the fluid reservoir or fluid source prior to moving the actuator  170  relative to the introducer  110 . With the catheter  160  in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and/or fluid source, the transfer device  100  can then transfer a fluid from the patient or transfer a fluid to the patient via the catheter  160  extending through and beyond the PIVC  105 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B , an introducer  210  and an actuator  270  in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure are illustrated. For ease of understanding, other features of the blood draw device such as, e.g., the catheter are not shown. However, it is to be understood that introducer  210  and actuator  270  are configured for use with a blood draw device similar to blood draw device  100  described above with respect to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , and, further, that the blood draw device is configured to be coupled to, e.g., a PIVC via, e.g., a lock and/or adapter. 
     The introducer  210  includes a proximal end portion  211  and a distal end portion  212 , with the proximal end portion  211  having an opening  224  formed therein to enable fluid communication between a catheter (not shown) and, e.g., extension tubing coupled to the introducer  210 . The introducer  210  includes a body  214 , with the body  214  being any suitable shape, size, or configuration. For example, in some embodiments, the body  214  of introducer  210  can be an elongate member having a substantially circular or U-shaped cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the shape of the introducer  210  and/or one or more features or surface finishes of at least an outer surface of the introducer  210  can be arranged to increase the ergonomics of the introducer  210 , which in some instances, can allow a user to manipulate the actuator  270  and hold the introducer  210  with one hand (i.e., single-handed use). Additionally and/or alternatively, body  214  of introducer  210  may be formed of two or more separate sections, with the sections being coupled via, e.g., one or more fasteners, an adhesive, welding, etc. 
     Introducer  210  further comprises a slot  216  extending through and along a substantial portion of a top surface of the introducer  210  between the proximal end portion  211  and the distal end portion  212 . The slot  216  is configured to allow a body portion (not shown) of the actuator  270  slidably disposed within the introducer  210  to be coupled with an engagement member  228  such that movement of the engagement member  228  along the slot  216  results in corresponding movement of the body portion within the introducer  210 . As such, the engagement member  228  can be engaged and/or manipulated by a user (e.g., by a finger or thumb of the user) to move the actuator  270  relative to the introducer  210 . In some embodiments, the engagement member  228  can include a set of ridges and/or any suitable surface finish that can, for example, increase the grip and/or ergonomics of the actuator  270  and/or introducer  210 . 
     Referring still to  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B , the top surface of the introducer  210  includes a first surface portion  218  extending a length A, and a second surface portion  220  extending a length B. The first surface portion  218  extends substantially from the proximal end portion  211  to a proximal end of second surface portion  220 , while the second surface portion  220  extends substantially from a distal end of the first surface portion  218  toward the distal end portion  212  of introducer  210 . In some embodiments, the first surface portion  218  is substantially smooth along the length A, while the second surface portion  220  comprises a plurality of ridges or ribs extending along the length B. 
     Thus, when the actuator  270  is manipulated by a user across the first surface portion  218 , there is minimal tactile feedback and/or vibration felt by the user through the engagement member  228  from the introducer  210 . However, as the actuator  270  is manipulated distally, a downwardly-extending tab  226  of actuator  270  comes into contact with the ridges of second surface portion  220 , thereby providing tactile feedback and/or vibration to the user. In this way, the user is provided with positive tactile and/or audible feedback as the actuator  270  approaches the distal end portion  212  of the introducer  210 , which correlates to the point at which a distal end of the catheter/flow tube (not shown) coupled to the actuator  270  nears its intended position within the patient&#39;s vasculature. Conversely, because the first surface portion  218  is substantially smooth, the user is able to better detect tactile feedback directly from the catheter/flow tube coupled to the actuator  270  should the catheter/flow tube encounter any obstructions, obstacles, or resistance resulting through contact with valves or other vein anatomy as the actuator is manipulated along the first surface portion  218 . 
     Additionally and/or alternatively, the introducer  210  may also include a convex protrusion  222  located near the proximal end portion  211 , and a concave indentation  223  located proximally (and substantially adjacent) to the convex protrusion  222 . As shown in  FIG.  3 A , the concave indentation  223  and convex protrusion  222  can be located so as to provide a physical “stop” for the downwardly-extending tab  226  of actuator  270 . If the user wishes to manipulate actuator  270  along the introducer  210 , the user must apply enough force to enable the downwardly-extending tab  226  to exit the concave indentation  223  and slide over the convex protrusion  222 . With this configuration, inadvertent and/or unwanted movement of the actuator  270  along the introducer  210  can be avoided. Furthermore, the convex protrusion  222  may provide tactile and/or audible feedback to the user to indicate when the actuator  270  has entered and/or exited the first surface portion  218 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B , an introducer  310  and an actuator  370  in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure are illustrated. As with introducer  210  and actuator  270  described above with respect to  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B , for ease of understanding, not all features of the blood draw device are shown. However, it is to be understood that introducer  310  and actuator  370  are configured for use with a blood draw device similar to blood draw device  100  described above with respect to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , and, further, that the blood draw device is configured to be coupled to, e.g., a PIVC via, e.g., a lock and/or adapter. 
     The introducer  310  includes a proximal end portion  311  and a distal end portion  312 , with the proximal end portion  311  having an opening  324  formed therein to enable fluid communication between a catheter (not shown) and, e.g., extension tubing coupled to the introducer  310 . The introducer  310  also includes a body  314 , with the body  314  being any suitable shape, size, or configuration. In some embodiments, the body  314  of introducer  310  can be an elongate member having a substantially circular or U-shaped cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the shape of the introducer  310  and/or one or more features or surface finishes of at least an outer surface of the introducer  310  can be arranged to increase the ergonomics of the introducer  310  to enable a user to manipulate the actuator  370  and hold the introducer  310  with one hand (i.e., single-handed use). Additionally and/or alternatively, body  314  of introducer  310  may be formed of two or more separate sections, with the sections being coupled via, e.g., one or more fasteners, an adhesive, welding, etc. 
     Introducer  310  includes a slot  316  extending through and along a substantial portion of a top surface of the introducer  310  between the proximal end portion  311  and the distal end portion  312 . The slot  316  is configured to allow a body portion (not shown) of the actuator  370  slidably disposed within the introducer  310  to be coupled with an engagement member  327  of the actuator  370 . Thus, movement of the engagement member  327  along the slot  316  results in corresponding movement of the body portion within the introducer  310 . As such, the engagement member  327  can be engaged and/or manipulated by a user (e.g., by a finger or thumb of the user) to move the actuator  370  relative to the introducer  310 . In some embodiments, the engagement member  327  can include a set of ridges and/or any suitable surface finish that can, for example, increase the grip and/or ergonomics of the actuator  370  and/or introducer  310 . 
     Referring still to  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B , the top surface of the introducer  310  includes a surface portion  318  extending a length C. The length C extends substantially from the proximal end portion  311  to the distal end portion  312  of introducer  310 . In some embodiments, the surface portion  318  is substantially smooth along the entirety of length C. Thus, when the actuator  370  is manipulated by a user across the surface portion  318 , there is minimal tactile feedback and/or vibration felt by the user through the engagement member  327 . 
     Unlike introducer  210  described above with respect to  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B , introducer  310  does not include a top surface portion having a plurality of ridges or ribs so as to impart tactile feedback on the actuator  370  as it approaches the distal end portion  312 . Rather, introducer  310  includes a pair of indentation/protrusion features positioned near the proximal end portion  311  and distal end portion  312 , respectively, with these indentation/protrusion features providing both a physical stop for the actuator  370  and tactile feedback to the user. 
     Specifically, the introducer  310  includes include a first convex protrusion  322  located near the proximal end portion  311 , and a first concave indentation  323  located proximally (and substantially adjacent) to the first convex protrusion  322 . As shown in  FIG.  4 A , the first concave indentation  323  and first convex protrusion  322  can be located so as to provide a physical “stop” for a downwardly-extending tab  326  of actuator  370 . If the user wishes to manipulate actuator  370  along the introducer  310 , the user must apply enough force to enable the downwardly-extending tab  326  to exit the first concave indentation  323  and slide over the first convex protrusion  322 . With this configuration, inadvertent and/or unwanted movement of the actuator  370  along the introducer  310  can be avoided. 
     Similarly, the introducer  310  also includes a second convex protrusion  328  located near the distal end portion  312 , along with a second concave indentation  329  located distally (and substantially adjacent) to the second convex protrusion  328 . Referring to  FIG.  4 B , the second concave indentation  329  and second convex protrusion  328  are provided so as to act as a physical “stop” for the downwardly-extending tab  326  of actuator  370  relative to the distal end portion  312 . Thus, if the user wishes to manipulate actuator  370  to its farthest distal position along the introducer  310 , the user must apply enough force to enable the downwardly-extending tab  326  to slide over the second convex protrusion  328  and into the second concave indentation  329 . Likewise, if the user wishes to manipulate the actuator  370  from this farthest distal position, a proximally-directed force must be applied to the actuator  370  to overcome the second convex protrusion  328 . With this configuration, inadvertent and/or unwanted movement of the actuator  370  along the introducer  310  can be avoided. Furthermore, the first convex protrusion  322  and second convex protrusion  328  may provide tactile and/or audible feedback to the user to indicate when the actuator  370  has reached the respective proximal and distal limits of the introducer  310 . However, because the surface portion  318  is substantially smooth, the user is able to better detect tactile feedback directly from the catheter/flow tube coupled to the actuator  370  should the catheter/flow tube encounter any obstructions, obstacles, or resistance resulting through contact with valves or other vein anatomy as the actuator  370  is manipulated along the surface portion  318 . 
     Next, referring to  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B , an introducer  410  and actuator  470  in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated. As described above with respect to  FIGS.  3 A- 4 B , the respective introducers  210 ,  310  included features located on a top surface thereof configured to provide the user with tactile feedback as the actuators  270 ,  370  were manipulated thereon. However, due to the downward force that a user applies with their thumb or finger on the respective engagement members  228 ,  327  of the actuators  270 ,  370 , such features on the top surface of the introducer may not be ideal, as the combination of downward and sideways forces applied to the engagement member  228 ,  327  may result in undesirable levels of resistance and/or vibration when operating the actuator and introducer. Accordingly, as will be described in further detail below, introducer  410  and actuator  470  are configured such that the tactile feedback features are provided on an upper interior surface of the introducer  410 , which may actually reduce the level of resistance and/or vibration upon increased downward force applied to the actuator  470 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B , introducer  410  and actuator  470  are configured for use with a blood draw device similar to blood draw device  100  described above with respect to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , and, further, that the blood draw device is configured to be coupled to, e.g., a PIVC via, e.g., a lock and/or adapter. The introducer  410  includes a proximal end portion  411  and a distal end portion  412 , with the proximal end portion  411  having an opening  424  formed therein to enable fluid communication between a catheter (not shown) and, e.g., extension tubing coupled to the introducer  410 . 
     The introducer  410  also includes a body  414 , with the body  414  being any suitable shape, size, or configuration. In some embodiments, the body  414  of introducer  410  can be an elongate member having a substantially circular or U-shaped cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the shape of the introducer  410  and/or one or more features or surface finishes of at least an outer surface of the introducer  410  can be arranged to increase the ergonomics of the introducer  410  to enable a user to manipulate the actuator  470  and hold the introducer  410  with one hand (i.e., single-handed use). Additionally and/or alternatively, body  414  of introducer  410  may be formed of two or more separate sections, with the sections being coupled via, e.g., one or more fasteners, an adhesive, welding, etc. 
     The introducer  410  includes a slot  416  extending through and along a substantial portion of a top surface of the introducer  410  between the proximal end portion  411  and the distal end portion  412 . The slot  416  is configured to allow a body portion (not shown) of the actuator  470  slidably disposed within the introducer  410  to be coupled with an engagement member  428  of the actuator  470 . Thus, movement of the engagement member  428  along the slot  416  results in corresponding movement of the body portion within the introducer  410 . As such, the engagement member  428  can be engaged and/or manipulated by a user (e.g., by a finger or thumb of the user) to move the actuator  470  relative to the introducer  410 . In some embodiments, the engagement member  428  can include a set of ridges and/or any suitable surface finish that can, for example, increase the grip and/or ergonomics of the actuator  470  and/or introducer  410 . 
     The body  414  of introducer  410  also includes a top surface portion  418  running substantially from the proximal end portion  411  to the distal end portion  412 . However, the top surface portion  418  does not include ridges or other features to provide tactile feedback to the user via the actuator  470 . Rather, referring to  FIGS.  6 A and  6 B , the introducer  410  includes interior upper surfaces  450 ,  452  having a plurality of ridges or ribs formed thereon. More specifically, a first interior upper surface  450  extends a length D within the introducer  410 , while a second interior upper surface  452  extends a length E within the introducer  410 . The first interior upper surface  450  includes a plurality of ridges having a first size, while the second interior upper surface  452  includes a plurality of ridges having a second size larger than the first size. Thus, when the actuator  470  is manipulated by a user across the top surface portion  418 , an upwardly-extending tab  429  of actuator  470  comes into contact with the ridges of both the first interior upper surface  450  and the second interior upper surface  452 , thereby providing varying tactile feedback and/or vibration to the user. Due to the larger size of the plurality of ridges of second interior upper surface  452  as compared to those of the first interior upper surface  450 , the tactile feedback felt (and/or audible feedback heard) by the user through actuator  470  increases as the actuator  470  transitions from the ridges of first interior upper surface  450  to those of the second interior upper surface  452 . In this way, the user is provided with positive tactile and/or audible feedback as the actuator  470  approaches the distal end portion  412  of the introducer  410 , which correlates to the point at which a distal end of the catheter/flow tube (not shown) coupled to the actuator  470  nears its intended position within the patient&#39;s vasculature. 
     Additionally and/or alternatively, the introducer  410  may also include a convex protrusion  422  located on the upper interior surface near the proximal end portion  411 , and a concave indentation  423  located proximally (and substantially adjacent) to the convex protrusion  422 . As shown in  FIG.  6 B , the concave indentation  423  and convex protrusion  422  can be located so as to provide a physical “stop” for the upwardly-extending tab  429  of actuator  470 . If the user wishes to manipulate actuator  470  along the introducer  410 , the user must apply enough force to enable the upwardly-extending tab  429  to exit the concave indentation  423  and slide over the convex protrusion  422 . With this configuration, inadvertent and/or unwanted movement of the actuator  470  along the introducer  410  can be avoided. Furthermore, the convex protrusion  422  may provide tactile and/or audible feedback to the user to indicate when the actuator  470  has entered and/or exited the first interior upper surface  450 . 
     Furthermore, as is shown in  FIGS.  5 A- 6 A , actuator  470  also includes a downwardly-extending tab  426 . Accordingly, in some embodiments, the introducer may be provided with one or more additional features on the top surface portion  418  configured to interact with the downwardly-extending tab  426  so as to provide, e.g., additional tactile feedback, etc. 
     Next, referring to  FIGS.  7 A and  7 B , an introducer  510  in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated. Externally, introducer  510  is substantially similar to introducer  410  described above with respect to  FIGS.  5 A- 6 B , and is configured to be usable with actuator  470 . That is, introducer  510  includes a proximal end portion  511  and a distal end portion  512 , with the proximal end portion  511  having an opening  524  formed therein to enable fluid communication between a catheter (not shown) and, e.g., extension tubing coupled to the introducer  510 . The introducer  510  also includes a body  514 , with the body  514  being any suitable shape, size, or configuration. In some embodiments, the body  514  of introducer  510  can be an elongate member having a substantially circular or U-shaped cross-sectional shape. 
     However, unlike introducer  410 , which includes two distinct sections of ridges or ribs on an interior upper surface thereof, the introducer  510  includes interior upper surfaces  550 ,  552 , but only one of the two interior upper surfaces include a plurality of ridges or ribs. More specifically, a first interior upper surface  550  extends a length F within the introducer  510 , while a second interior upper surface  552  extends a length G within the introducer  510 . The first interior upper surface  550  is substantially smooth along the length F, while the second interior upper surface  552  includes a plurality of ridges extending along the length G. Thus, when the actuator  470  is manipulated by a user across the top surface portion of the introducer  510 , the upwardly-extending tab  429  of actuator  470  travels across the first interior upper surface  550  with minimal (if any) resistance. However, when the actuator  470  reaches the second interior upper surface  552 , the plurality of ridges of the second interior upper surface  552  provide tactile feedback and/or vibration to the user. In this way, the user is provided with positive tactile and/or audible feedback as the actuator  470  approaches the distal end portion  512  of the introducer  510 , which correlates to the point at which a distal end of the catheter/flow tube (not shown) coupled to the actuator  470  nears its intended position within the patient&#39;s vasculature. However, because the first interior upper surface  550  is substantially smooth, the user is able to better detect tactile feedback directly from the catheter/flow tube coupled to the actuator  470  should the catheter/flow tube encounter any obstructions, obstacles, or resistance resulting through contact with valves or other vein anatomy as the actuator is manipulated along the length F of the first interior upper surface  550 . 
     Additionally and/or alternatively, referring to  FIG.  7 B , the introducer  510  may also include a convex protrusion  522  located on the upper interior surface near the proximal end portion  511 , and a concave indentation  523  located proximally (and substantially adjacent) to the convex protrusion  522 . The concave indentation  523  and convex protrusion  522  can be located so as to provide a physical “stop” for the upwardly-extending tab  429  of actuator  470 . If the user wishes to manipulate actuator  470  along the introducer  510 , the user must apply enough force to enable the upwardly-extending tab  429  to exit the concave indentation  523  and slide over the convex protrusion  522 . With this configuration, inadvertent and/or unwanted movement of the actuator  470  along the introducer  510  can be avoided. Furthermore, the convex protrusion  522  may provide tactile and/or audible feedback to the user to indicate when the actuator  570  has entered and/or exited the first interior upper surface  550 . 
     Next, referring to  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B , an introducer  610  in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated Like introducer  510  described above with respect to  FIGS.  7 A and  7 B , introducer  610  is substantially similar to introducer  410  described above with respect to  FIGS.  5 A- 6 B , and is configured to be usable with actuator  470 . Introducer  610  includes a proximal end portion  611  and a distal end portion  612 , with the proximal end portion  611  having an opening  624  formed therein to enable fluid communication between a catheter (not shown) and, e.g., extension tubing coupled to the introducer  610 . The introducer  610  also includes a body  614 , with the body  614  being any suitable shape, size, or configuration. In some embodiments, the body  614  of introducer  610  can be an elongate member having a substantially circular or U-shaped cross-sectional shape. 
     However, unlike both introducer  410  and introducer  510 , introducer  610  does not include a plurality of adjacent ridges or ribs on any surface thereof to provide tactile and/or audible feedback. Instead, introducer  610  includes an interior underside surface  650  that is substantially smooth along its entire length. At a proximal end of the interior underside surface  650 , introducer  610  includes a first convex protrusion  622  located near the proximal end portion  611 , and a first concave indentation  623  located proximally (and substantially adjacent) to the first convex protrusion  622 . The first concave indentation  623  and first convex protrusion  622  can be located so as to provide a physical “stop” for upwardly-extending tab  429  of actuator  470 . If the user wishes to manipulate actuator  470  along the introducer  610 , the user must apply enough force to enable the upwardly-extending tab  429  to exit the first concave indentation  623  and slide over the first convex protrusion  622 . With this configuration, inadvertent and/or unwanted movement of the actuator  470  along the introducer  610  can be avoided. 
     Additionally, the introducer  610  also includes a second convex protrusion  632  located near the distal end portion  612 , along with a second concave indentation  633  located distally (and substantially adjacent) to the second convex protrusion  632 . Referring to  FIG.  8 B , the second concave indentation  633  and second convex protrusion  632  are provided so as to act as a physical “stop” for the upwardly-extending tab  429  of actuator  470  relative to the distal end portion  612 . Thus, if the user wishes to manipulate actuator  470  to its farthest distal position along the introducer  640 , the user must apply enough force to enable the upwardly-extending tab  429  to slide over the second convex protrusion  632  and into the second concave indentation  633 . Likewise, if the user wishes to manipulate the actuator  470  from this farthest distal position, a proximally-directed force must be applied to the actuator  470  to overcome the second convex protrusion  632 . 
     With this configuration, inadvertent and/or unwanted movement of the actuator  470  along the introducer  610  can be avoided. Furthermore, the first convex protrusion  622  and second convex protrusion  632  may provide tactile and/or audible feedback to the user to indicate when the actuator  470  has reached the respective proximal and distal limits of the introducer  610 . However, because the surface portion interior underside surface  650  is substantially smooth along its length between the respective convex protrusions  622 ,  632 , the user is able to better detect tactile feedback directly from the catheter/flow tube coupled to the actuator  470  should the catheter/flow tube encounter any obstructions, obstacles, or resistance resulting through contact with valves or other vein anatomy as the actuator  470  is manipulated along the interior underside surface  650 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  9   , specific features of actuator  470  are shown in greater detail. Actuator  470  includes an upper portion  482  and a lower portion  490 , with a wall  484  extending therebetween. Part of the upper portion  482  of the actuator  470  may be at least partially disposed within the an inner volume defined through and below the slot of the introducer, while the lower portion  490  may be entirely disposed within another portion of the inner volume of the introducer. The upper portion  482  of the actuator  470  includes the engagement member  428 . The arrangement of the actuator  470  is such that the engagement member  428  is disposed outside of the introducer, while the rest of upper portion  482  is within the an inner volume defined by the introducer. As such, the engagement member  428  can be engaged and/or manipulated by a user (e.g., by a finger or thumb of the user) to move the actuator  470  relative to the introducer. In some embodiments, the engagement member  428  can include a set of ridges  480  and/or any suitable surface finish that can, for example, increase the ergonomics of the actuator  470 . 
     As shown, the lower portion  490  defines an opening  492 , wherein opening  492  may be configured to receive a portion of at least one catheter of the blood draw device. In some embodiments, a proximal end portion of a first catheter can form a friction fit with an inner surface of the lower portion  490  of the actuator  470  when the proximal end portion is disposed in the opening  492 , while a distal end portion of a second catheter can form a friction fit with an inner surface of the lower portion  490  of the actuator  470  when the distal end portion is disposed in the opening  492 . As such, the first catheter and the second catheter can be maintained in a fixed position relative to the actuator  470  and thus, move concurrently with the actuator  470  as the actuator  470  is moved relative to the introducer. 
     Referring still to  FIG.  9   , the upwardly-extending tab  429  of actuator  470  is positioned on an arm member  439 , with arm member  439  extending between a first gap  483  formed in the upper portion  482  and a second gap  485  formed in the wall  484 . In this way, the arm member  439  (and, thus, the upwardly-extending tab  429 ) may cantilever, thereby allowing for easier movement of the upwardly-extending tab  429  of actuator  470  across a ridged surface of the introducer. As such, the user may be provided with tactile and/or audible feedback from the actuator  470 , but movement of the actuator  470  is not greatly impeded by the plurality of ridges or other features formed on and/or within the introducer. 
     Next, referring to  FIG.  10   , an introducer  710  and an actuator  770  in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Introducer  710  includes a proximal end portion  711  and a distal end portion (not shown). While not shown in  FIG.  10   , it is to be understood that proximal end portion  711  may have an opening formed therein to enable fluid communication between a catheter (not shown) and, e.g., extension tubing coupled to the introducer  710 . The introducer  710  also includes a body  714 , with the body  714  being any suitable shape, size, or configuration. Similar to the introducers described above with respect to  FIGS.  3 A- 6 B , introducer  710  includes a slot  715  formed along a top surface thereof, with the slot  715  extending substantially along an entire length of the introducer  710 . Furthermore, introducer  710  includes an interior space  722  formed therein, with the interior space  722  configured to slidably receive a lower portion of the actuator  770 , as will be described in further detail below. The introducer  710  also may include at least one detent  716  formed on an interior surface thereof. As will be described in further detail below, the at least one detent  716  is configured to interact with a corresponding projection of the actuator  770  in order to restrict/resist movement of the actuator  770  in certain positions relative to the introducer  710 . 
     The actuator  770  includes an upper portion  730  and a lower portion  750 , with a wall  740  extending therebetween. Part of the upper portion  730  of the actuator  770  may be at least partially disposed within the an inner volume defined through and below the slot  715  of the introducer  710 , while the lower portion  750  and/or the wall  740  may be entirely disposed within the interior space  722  of the introducer  710 . 
     The upper portion  730  of the actuator  770  includes an engagement member  728 . The arrangement of the actuator  770  is such that the engagement member  728  is disposed outside of the introducer  710 . As such, the engagement member  728  can be engaged and/or manipulated by a user (e.g., by a finger or thumb of the user) to move the actuator  770  relative to the introducer. In some embodiments, the engagement member  728  can include a set of ridges  729  and/or any suitable surface finish that can, for example, increase the ergonomics of the actuator  770 . 
     Additionally, actuator  770  includes a spring member configured to selectively engage (and disengage) a projection  742  extending upward from the wall  740  of actuator  770  with the detent  716  of the introducer  710 . Specifically, as shown in  FIG.  10   , the spring member may be in the form of a leaf spring formed by respective arms  732 A,  732 B. The user may press downward on the engagement member  728 , which deflects the arms  732 A,  732 B such that the projection  742  becomes clear of the detent  716 , thereby allowing actuator  770  to move linearly along the introducer  710  relative to the slot  715 . Conversely, when a user releases the downward pressure upon the engagement member  728 , the arms  732 A,  732 B may force the projection  742  upward such that it engages with the detent  716 , thereby restricting linear movement of the actuator  770 . 
     While not shown in  FIG.  10   , it is to be understood that introducer  710  may include more than one detent for engagement. For example, the distal end portion of introducer  710  may include a second detent signifying a distal limit of travel for the actuator  770 . Furthermore, it is to be understood that the spring member of the actuator  770  is not limited to a leaf spring such as that shown in  FIG.  10   , but may be any other suitable spring type such as, e.g., one or more coil springs, one or more elastomeric springs, etc. 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  11 A and  11 B , variations of a ridge pattern for use on an introducer to provide tactile and/or audible feature in accordance with other aspects of the present disclosure are shown. Specifically, referring to  FIG.  11 A , an introducer  810  is shown having a top surface  814 , with the top surface  814  having a plurality of ridges extending at least partially thereon. The plurality of ridges are divided into a first ridge portion  822  having a length J, a second ridge portion  824  having a length I, and a third ridge portion  826  having a length H. The second ridge portion  824 , which is positioned between the first ride portion  822  and the third ridge portion  826 , may have the largest ridges, yet may have the shortest length. As such, second ridge portion  824  may provide the user with more substantial and discernable tactile feedback when the transition point between the smaller ridges of first ridge portion  822  and the larger ridges of the third ridge portion  826  is reached. 
     Similarly, referring to  FIG.  11 B , a profile view of the ridges of an introducer  910  are shown. The plurality of ridges are divided into a first ridge portion  922  having a length K, a substantially square-cut transition point  924  having a length L, and a second ridge portion  926  having a length M. The square-cut transition point  924 , which is positioned between the first ridge portion  922  and the second ridge portion  926 , provides for an easily discernable transition point between the different portions of the introducer, providing for clearer tactile feedback when the transition point between the smaller ridges of first ridge portion  922  and the larger ridges of the second ridge portion  926  is reached. 
     Next, referring to  FIGS.  12  and  13   , introducers and actuators in accordance with alternative aspects of the present disclosure are shown. 
     First, regarding  FIG.  12   , an introducer  1100  and actuator  1170  are shown. The introducer  1100  is shown as being constructed in two pieces, with a first body portion  1113 A and a second body portion  1113 B. The first body portion  1113 A includes a proximal end portion  1111 A and a distal end portion  1112 A, while the second body portion  1113 B includes a corresponding proximal end portion  1111 B and a distal end portion  1112 B. The first body portion  1113 A and the second body portion  1113 B may be coupled by any appropriate method such as, e.g., one or more fasteners, an adhesive, welding, etc. 
     An interior portion  1118  of introducer  1100  is formed when the respective body portions  1113 A and  1113 B are coupled together, with the interior portion  1118  configured to allow for linear displacement of a lower portion  1127  of the actuator  1170  along the introducer  1100 . The introducer  1100  also includes a top surface  1114  formed thereon, with a first concave detent  1150  formed in the top surface  1114  near the proximal end portion  1111 B of the second body portion  1113 B, and a second concave detent  1152  formed in the top surface  1114  near the distal end portion  1112 B of the second body portion  1113 B. 
     The actuator  1170  also includes an engagement member  1128 , as well as a downwardly-extending tab  1129 . The downwardly-extending tab  1129  is configured to selectively engage one or both of the first concave detent  1150  and the second concave detent  1152 . However, these detents are not the only restriction or indicator provided on introducer  1100 . Instead, a buckle support  1200  is provided, with buckle support  1200  having an exterior portion  1210  and an interior portion  1220 . The position of buckle support  1200  along the introducer  1100  defines a location at which the catheter/flow tube (not shown) would be positioned beyond the distal tip of the indwelled catheter within the patient when fed through the introducer  1100  by way of the actuator  1170 . That is, as the user slides the actuator  1170  along the introducer  1100 , the actuator  1170  eventually contacts the buckle support  1200 , signifying to the user that the catheter/flow tube is now beyond the indwelled catheter. Thus, whereas the previous embodiments described herein provided tactile feedback to the user by way of, e.g., a plurality of ridges formed on the introducer, the introducer  1100  as shown in  FIG.  12    utilizes the buckle support  1200  to provide this tactile (and visible) feedback to the user. 
     Referring to  FIG.  13   , an introducer  1310  and actuator  1370  in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure are shown. The introducer  1310  is shown as being constructed in two pieces, with a first body portion  1313 A and a second body portion  1313 B. The first body portion  1313 A includes a proximal end portion  1311 A and a distal end portion  1312 A, while the second body portion  1313 B includes a corresponding proximal end portion  1311 B and a distal end portion  1312 B. The first body portion  1313 A and the second body portion  1313 B may be coupled by any appropriate method such as, e.g., one or more fasteners, an adhesive, welding, etc. 
     An interior portion  1318  of introducer  1310  is formed when the respective body portions  1313 A and  1313 B are coupled together, with the interior portion  1318  configured to allow for linear displacement of a lower portion  1327  of the actuator  1370  along the introducer  1310 . The introducer  1310  also includes a top surface  1314  formed thereon, with a first concave detent  1350  formed in the top surface  1314  near the proximal end portion  1311 B of the second body portion  1313 B, and a second concave detent  1352  formed in the top surface  1314  near the distal end portion  1312 B of the second body portion  1313 B. 
     The actuator  1370  also includes an engagement member  1328 , as well as a downwardly-extending tab  1329 . The downwardly-extending tab  1329  is configured to selectively engage one or both of the first concave detent  1350  and the second concave detent  1352 . Furthermore, a buckle support  1400  is provided wholly within the interior portion  1318  of the introducer  1310 , with the buckle support  1400  having an elongated portion  1410  and a stopping portion  1420 . The position of the stopping portion  1420  of the buckle support  1400  along the introducer  1310  defines a location at which the catheter/flow tube (not shown) would be positioned beyond the distal tip of the indwelled catheter within the patient when fed through the introducer  1310  by way of the actuator  1370 . That is, as the user slides the actuator  1370  along the elongated portion  1410  and the introducer  1310 , the actuator  1370  eventually contacts the stopping portion  1420  of the buckle support  1400 , signifying to the user that the catheter/flow tube is now beyond the indwelled catheter. Thus, whereas the previous embodiments described herein provided tactile feedback to the user by way of, e.g., a plurality of ridges formed on the introducer, the introducer  1310  as shown in  FIG.  13    utilizes the buckle support  1400  to provide this tactile feedback to the user. 
     While various embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Where schematics and/or embodiments described above indicate certain components arranged in certain orientations or positions, the arrangement of components may be modified. Although various embodiments have been described as having particular features and/or combinations of components, other embodiments are possible having a combination of any features and/or components from any of embodiments as discussed above. 
     Where methods and/or schematics described above indicate certain events and/or flow patterns occurring in certain order, the ordering of certain events and/or flow patterns may be modified. Additionally certain events may be performed concurrently in parallel processes when possible, as well as performed sequentially.