Patent Publication Number: US-2004041785-A1

Title: Electronic paper methods and systems

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
       [0001] This invention relates to methods and systems for processing electronic paper.  
       BACKGROUND  
       [0002] Electronic reusable paper is a display material that has many of the properties of paper. It stores an image, is viewed in reflective light, has a wide viewing angle, is flexible, and is relatively inexpensive. Unlike conventional paper, however, it is electrically writeable and erasable. Although projected to cost somewhat more than a normal piece of paper, a sheet of electronic reusable paper could be re-used thousands of times or more. This material has many potential applications in the field of information display including digital books, low-power portable displays, wall-sized displays, and fold-up displays.  
       [0003] There are a number of different technologies currently being developed in the area of electronic reusable paper. Xerox for example, in partnership with 3M, has created an e-paper called “Gyricon”. Lucent, in partnership with a company called E Ink, is working on a device (also called E Ink) that is expected to be available within the next few years.  
       [0004] Both of these technologies enable a black (or other color) and white display. Philips is working on a type of e-paper that will be full-color, but which is projected to be at least 10-15 years away.  
       [0005] The Gyricon version consists of a single sheet of transparent plastic, containing millions of tiny bichromal (i.e. two color) beads in oil-filled pockets. Text and other images are displayed through a rotation of the beads that occurs in response to an electrical impulse: a full rotation displays as black or white, and a partial rotation displays as gray shades. Like traditional paper, Gyricon has no, and needs no lighting component. For additional material on Gyricon and Xerox&#39;s electronic paper technology, the reader is referred to the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,396,621; 6,222,513; 6,162,321; and 6,128,124.  
       [0006] Lucent&#39;s E Ink device uses electronic ink and combines thin, plastic, flexible transistors with polymer LEDs (light-emitting diodes) to create what are called smart pixels. The process involved—which is not dissimilar to traditional printing processes—uses silicon rubber stamps to actually print tiny (as small as those for the Pentium III processor) computer circuits onto the surface. E Ink uses electronic ink for display: a liquid plastic substance consisting of millions of tiny capsules filled with light and dark dyes that change color—charged dye particles move either up or down within the capsules—when exposed to an electric charge. According to some, prototypes of the device have been running on watch batteries. The E Ink technology has been used for retail signs. For additional material on E Ink&#39;s technology, the reader is referred to the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,124,851; and 6,392,786.  
       [0007] Neither the Lucent/E Ink version, nor the Gyricon version require a constant power source. The initial charge creates the display, which then remains fixed until another charge is applied to change it. Low power demand is an important consideration for a technology that is intended to—at least partially—supplant a power-independent, standalone application like paper. The challenge involved in creating viable e-paper is to develop a material that has the desirable characteristics of traditional paper in addition to its own intrinsic benefits (such as being automatically refreshable). Like traditional paper, e-paper must be lightweight, flexible, glare-free, and affordable, if it is to gain consumer approval.  
       [0008] The challenges that emerging technologies face, particularly with emerging technologies with consumer appeal, is that of making products that incorporate such technologies truly ubiquitous and user friendly. That is, those products that will truly be successful are those products that are widely distributed and used by individual consumers, and which are easy and simple to use. Thus, for electronic paper to be widely accepted, applications that employ the electronic paper are going to need to be, from the ordinary consumer&#39;s standpoint, very simple to use.  
       [0009] Accordingly, this invention arose out of concerns associated with providing easy-to-use methods and systems that incorporate electronic paper.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0010] Electronic paper methods and systems are described. In accordance with one embodiment, an electronic paper driver is provided and is configured to receive a document in a first format from an application and convert the document in the first format to a second format that can be used for rendering a display on electronic paper. 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
     [0011] The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components.  
     [0012]FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates various components in a system in accordance with one embodiment.  
     [0013]FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing exemplary components of a printing device in accordance with one embodiment.  
     [0014]FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing exemplary components of a client or host computer in accordance with one embodiment.  
     [0015]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an exemplary system in accordance with one embodiment.  
     [0016]FIG. 5 is a block diagram that shows exemplary components associated with the FIG. 4 system.  
     [0017]FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an exemplary system in accordance with one embodiment.  
     [0018]FIG. 7 is a block diagram that shows exemplary components of a system in accordance with one embodiment.  
     [0019]FIG. 8 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method in accordance with one embodiment. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
     [0020] Overview  
     [0021] Methods and systems for facilitating the use of electronic paper are described. The described methods and systems provide a means by which a user can have their documents automatically converted into a renderable format for display on an electronic paper medium. Various implementations can be incorporated into a hard copy printer-either as a feature integrated with other printer features, or retrofitted onto an existing printer. The implementation can provide a transfer interface from a computing device, such as a personal computer, to the electronic paper media. Yet other implementations can provide a stand-alone device that can automatically convert documents into an electronic paper renderable format, e.g. a multifunction device that scans documents and automatically converts them into an electronic paper renderable format.  
     [0022] As an example, consider FIG. 1 that shows various components of a system  10  that can be employed to facilitate printing on electronic paper. System  10  comprises a user application  12  that can be used by a user to create a document for rendering on electronic paper. Application  12  typically resides on a user&#39;s computing device and can comprise any suitable type of application, examples of which include word processing applications, spreadsheet applications, email applications, computer-aided design applications and the like. System  10  further includes an electronic paper driver  14 . The electronic paper driver can be implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware or combination thereof. The electronic paper driver functions to process the data comprising the user&#39;s document into a renderable format that can be used to render the data onto the electronic paper.  
     [0023] As an aside, recall from the discussion in the “Background” section, that there are, as of this date, a couple of different developing technologies that pertain to electronic paper. There will no doubt be in the future, other different attempts to further the technology that pertains to electronic paper. In as much as there are and will be different electronic paper technologies, there will no doubt be different renderable formats associated with these different technologies. Accordingly, the illustrated electronic paper driver is not intended to be limited to any one particular present or future electronic paper technology. Rather, the electronic paper driver  14  is intended to illustrate a layer whose function it is to convert document formats into renderable formats that can be utilized to render a user&#39;s document on electronic paper.  
     [0024] As an analogy, consider printer drivers. A printer driver is a software program that interacts with a particular printing device. The printer driver contains the special knowledge of the device or special software interface that programs using the driver do not. In personal computers, a driver is often packaged as a dynamic link library (DLL) file. A printer driver essentially converts the more general input/output instructions of an operating system to messages that the device type, or in this example—the printer—can understand. So, for example, a printer driver can produce, from application data, a list of instructions or commands, such as those that are defined in terms of Printer Control Language (PCL). These instructions are then used by the printer to render a document on a print medium.  
     [0025] Conceptually similar to a printer driver, the illustrated electronic paper driver  14  functions to convert the document format or data associated with a user&#39;s document, into a format that is understood by hardware, software and/or firmware that performs the actual rendering process on the electronic paper. Accordingly, system  10  includes an electronic paper writer  16  that processes the output of the electronic paper driver  14  to render the data associated with the user&#39;s document onto the electronic paper, illustrated generally at  18 .  
     [0026] In the systems mentioned in the “Background” section, writing to the electronic paper can occur via the provision of electrical impulses or charges. To assist in understanding various principles that can be associated with electronic paper writer  16 , the reader is referred to U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,303,211 and 6,262,707, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein, which discuss various addressing systems that can be used to address electronic paper locations and hence render an image on the electronic paper. The &#39;707 patent is a particularly interesting reference insofar as it discusses various different addressing approaches.  
     [0027] The illustrated electronic paper driver  14  and electronic paper writer  16  can reside in any suitable system and at any suitable location within a system. For example, the functionality of the electronic paper driver  14  can reside on a host device or computer, such as the user&#39;s laptop computer. Alternately or additionally, the electronic paper driver  14  can reside on the device that performs the actual rendering on the electronic paper.  
     [0028] The electronic paper writer  16  can reside as part of a printer or printing device that includes other printing capabilities such as laser and ink jet capabilities. Alternately or additionally, the electronic paper writer can reside as a stand-alone device that is dedicated to printing on electronic paper. Alternately or additionally, the electronic paper writer can reside as part of a multi-function printing device.  
     [0029] Exemplary Printing Device Embodiment  
     [0030]FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing exemplary components of a printing device in the form of a printer  100  that can be used in accordance with the described embodiments. While FIG. 1 illustrates a specific type of printing device, it should be appreciated that other printing devices such as facsimile machines, copiers, and the like can be utilized without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter. In addition, the term “printer” or “printing device” as used in this document will be understood to include multifunction devices that, in addition to printing, perform additional functions. Such additional functions can include, without limitation, one or more of the following: faxing, copying, scanning and the like.  
     [0031] Printer  100  includes a processor  102  and at least one computer-readable media. In this example, the computer readable media can include an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)  104  and a random access memory (RAM)  106 . Further, the computer-readable media can include hard drive  108 . Processor  102  processes various instructions necessary to operate the printer  100  and communicate with other devices. EEPROM  104 , RAM  106 , and/or hard drive  108  can store various information such as configuration information, fonts, templates, data being printed, and menu structure information.  
     [0032] In addition, although not shown in FIG. 2, a particular printer may also contain a ROM (non-erasable) in place of or in addition to EEPROM  104 . Furthermore, a printer may alternatively contain a flash memory device in place of or in addition to EEPROM  104 .  
     [0033] Printer  100  can also include a disk drive  110 , a network interface  112 , and a serial/parallel interface  114 . Disk drive  110  provides additional storage for data being printed or other information used by the printer  100 . Although both RAM  106  and disk drive  110  are illustrated in FIG. 2, a particular printer may contain either RAM  106  or disk drive  110 , depending on the storage needs of the printer. For example, an inexpensive printer may contain a small amount of RAM  106  and no disk drive  110 , thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the printer. Network interface  112  provides a connection between printer  100  and a data communication network. Network interface  112  allows devices coupled to a common data communication network to send print jobs, menu data, and other information to printer  100  via the network. The network interface can be embodied as a network server and, more particularly, as a Web server. As a network server or Web server, the network interface can enable a user to access the printer using standard network protocols. For example, as a Web server, the network interface can enable two-way communication with one or more clients via standard network protocols such as TCP/IP.  
     [0034] Serial/parallel interface  114  can also provide a data communication path directly between printer  100  and another device, such as a workstation, server, or other computing device. Although the printer  100  shown in FIG. 2 has two interfaces (network interface  112  and serial/parallel interface  114 ), a particular printer may only contain one interface.  
     [0035] Printer  100  also includes a print unit  116 . In this example, the print unit can include an electronic paper writer such as electronic paper writer  16  (FIG.  1 ). The print unit  116  can also include other mechanisms that are arranged to selectively apply ink (e.g., liquid ink, toner, etc.) to a print media (e.g., paper, plastic, fabric, etc.) in accordance with print data within a print job. Thus, for example, print unit  116  can include a conventional laser printing mechanism that selectively causes toner to be applied to an intermediate surface of a drum or belt. The intermediate surface can then be brought within close proximity of a print media in a manner that causes the toner to be transferred to the print media in a controlled fashion. The toner on the print media can then be more permanently fixed to the print media, for example, by selectively applying thermal energy to the toner. Print unit  116  can also be configured to support duplex printing, for example, by selectively flipping or turning the print media as required to print on both sides.  
     [0036] The print unit  116  can also comprise an ink jet print unit that utilizes principles of ink jet printing. Those skilled in the art will recognize that there are many different types of print units available, and that for the purposes of the present discussion, print unit  116  can include any of these various types.  
     [0037] Printer  100  can also contain a user interface/menu browser  118  and a display panel  120 . User interface/menu browser  118  allows the user of the printer to navigate the printer&#39;s menu structure. User interface  118  may be a series of buttons, switches or other indicators that are manipulated by the user of the printer. Display panel  120  is a graphical display that provides information regarding the status of the printer and the current options available through the menu structure.  
     [0038] The illustrated printer can, and typically does include software that provides a runtime environment in which software applications or applets can run or execute. The runtime environment can facilitate the extensibility of the printer by allowing various interfaces to be defined that, in turn, allow applications or applets to interact with the printer in more robust manners. The printer can, but need not include, as part of its software applications, an electronic paper driver such as the one shown at  14  and described above in FIG. 1.  
     [0039] It will be appreciated that the inventive techniques and methods described herein include all forms of computer-readable media when such media contains instructions which, when executed by a processor or computer, implement the techniques and methods.  
     [0040] Exemplary Client  
     [0041]FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing exemplary components of an exemplary client or host computer  200 . Computer  200  includes a processor  202 , a memory  204  (such as ROM and RAM), user input devices  206 , a disk drive  208 , interfaces  210  for inputting and outputting data, a floppy disk drive  212 , and a CD-ROM drive  214 .  
     [0042] Processor  202  performs various instructions to control the operation of computer  200 . Memory  204 , disk drive  208 , and floppy disk drive  212 , CD-ROM drive  214  and a hard drive  216  can provide data storage mechanisms. User input devices  206  includes a keyboard, mouse, pointing device, or other mechanism for inputting information to computer  200 . Interfaces  210  provide a mechanism for computer  200  to communicate with other devices. Client  200  can also include a browser  218  that can allow a user to browse the Web. Exemplary browsers can include Microsoft&#39;s Internet Explorer or Netscape&#39;s Navigator.  
     [0043] Computer  200  can also include, as part of its software, one or more electronic paper drivers, such as the one shown and described at  14  (FIG. 1).  
     [0044] Exemplary Systems  
     [0045]FIG. 4 shows but one exemplary system  400  in accordance with one embodiment. In this example, system  400  comprises a desktop printer that embodies functionality that enables it to render an image on electronic paper. In this example, the printer embodies the hardware and software that functions to render an image on electronic paper. This printer can comprise a stand alone electronic paper printer. Alternately, the printer can embody functionality that permits it to function as not only an electronic paper printer, but a conventional printer (i.e. laser or ink jet printer) as well.  
     [0046] More specifically, FIG. 5 shows exemplary components that are located internally of printer  400  that facilitate the image rendering process on the electronic paper. The illustrated components can comprise part of the printer&#39;s print unit (such as print unit  116  in FIG. 2). In the illustrated example, a single piece of electronic paper  500  is illustrated disposed under a charge transfer bar  502 . The charge transfer bar functions to transfer charge onto the electronic paper and thus, effectively transfers an image onto the electronic paper. Here, a portion of the image that has been transferred on the lower part of the electronic paper consists of a paragraph of text, illustrated by the lines that appear across the electronic paper. In the example, the electronic paper is about half way through the rendering process. An address module  504  is provided and is connected to the charge transfer bar. The address module receives input from the electronic paper driver and uses that input to address locations on the charge transfer bar to selectively apply charge to the electronic paper. It is to be appreciated and understood that the system of FIG. 5 constitutes but one system that can be used to render an image on the electronic paper. Other systems can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter.  
     [0047]FIG. 6 illustrates another exemplary system  600  that can be utilized to render images on electronic paper. Here, system  600  comprises a printer having an output bin  602 . An electronic paper connector  604  is provided on the printer and serves as a connection or port that can be used to connect an electronic paper writer (such as writer  16 ) so that the printer can be used to render images on the electronic media.  
     [0048]FIG. 7 illustrates another exemplary system  700  that can be utilized to render images on electronic paper. Here, system  700  comprises a scanner having a scanning unit  702 , an electronic paper driver  704  and an electronic paper writer  706 . In this example, the scanning unit receives and scans a document that is intended to be rendered on electronic paper. The scanning unit is connected to the electronic paper driver  704  which effectively converts the scanned data produced by scanning unit  702  into data that can be used to drive the electronic paper writer  706 . The electronic paper writer is then used to process the data received from the electronic paper driver into a form in which it can be used to render an image onto the electronic paper. But one way of rendering an image onto the electronic paper is discussed above in connection with the charge transfer bar  502  of FIG. 5. Other ways can be utilized without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter.  
     [0049] Exemplary Methods  
     [0050]FIG. 8 is a flow diagram that illustrates steps in a method in accordance with one embodiment. The method can be implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware or combination thereof. In the illustrated example, the method can be implemented using, among other systems, any of the above-described systems.  
     [0051] Step  800  creates a document that is to be rendered onto electronic paper. This step can be implemented in any suitable way. In one embodiment, the method is implemented via a software application examples of which are given above. In this example, the created document is in electronic form and can reside, for example, on a user&#39;s computer. Alternately or additionally, this step can be implemented by creating a hard copy output. Step  802  processes data associated with the document into a renderable format that can be used to render an image on electronic paper. In one embodiment, this step can be implemented by electronic paper driver software that automatically converts data associated with the document into a format that can be understood and used by other software, hardware and/or firmware to actually render an image on the electronic paper. Exemplary electronic paper drivers can reside at any suitable location in a system in which rendering on the electronic paper takes place. For example, the driver can reside on a host computer or on a rendering device (such as an electronic paper printer, a printer, scanner and/or multifunction device).  
     [0052] Step  804  renders an image on electronic paper using the renderable format. This step can be implemented in any suitable way. In the above example, this step is implemented by an electronic paper writer that is in communication with the electronic paper driver. The electronic paper writer functions, in the above examples, to provide a suitable charge at a suitable location on the electronic paper so that an image can be formed.  
     [0053] Conclusion  
     [0054] Various methods and systems described above facilitate the use of electronic paper. The described methods and systems provide a means by which a user can have their documents automatically converted into a renderable format for display on an electronic paper medium. By having documents automatically converted into a renderable format for display on the electronic paper, the user is relieved of the need to get involved in the conversion process.  
     [0055] Although the invention has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological steps, it is to be understood that the invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or steps described. Rather, the specific features and steps are disclosed as preferred forms of implementing the claimed invention.