Patent Publication Number: US-5836524-A

Title: Liquefaction of wastes with product oil recycling

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a method and equipment of liquefaction process, and an equipment apparatus of inclined screw liquefaction reactor(ISLR). 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Billions of gallons of fuel oil and it&#39;s equivalent are discarded every year through the disposal of printed circuit board wastes, plastic wastes, rubber wastes, scrap tires, used cables/wires, auto shredder residues, contaminated soils, and waste lubricating oils. Recycling of these wastes is of increasing importance as incineration and landfilling become more expensive and the acceptance of these methods is decreasing. It should be noted that rubber and plastic wastes are produced originally from crude oil and can be thermally cracked into fuels or petrochemicals. However, these wastes generally containing inorganics materials, fibers, glass, dust and poor thermal conducting materials, which are far more difficult to be treated effectively. 
     Many direct pyrolysis processes have been reported to have technical or economic difficulties. Indeed, pyrolysis is complicated by the fact that the polymeric material wastes are poor conductors and degradation of these macromolecules requires considerable amount of energy. The liquefaction process involves treating solid wastes with hot waste lubricating oil at temperatures between 500-700 K (below general pyrolysis temperatures). Basically, organic macromolecules are soluble in heavy oils only if they are cracked effectively. Above 500 K, the C--C bonds of the polymeric matrix can be disrupted and dissolved. 
     A process and apparatus for conveying waste tires to fuels is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,384,151 to auditbert et al. Whole tires are treated by means of flowing heavy oil. Carbon black is not recovered from this process. Reclamation of waste rubber by microwave treatment is the subject of U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,250,158 to solvakken et al and 4,284,618 to van der Heyden et al. Only limited success has been achieved with scrap tires as feed after the metal wire and tire fabric were removed. In contrast with the subject invention, the process described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,384,151 and 4,983,278 to cha et al. do not conduct liquefaction or pyrolysis processes of scrap tires in a continuous and single-step mode operation. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The objective of the invention is to disclose a one-step thermal treatment process, when applied, the technique can be used to treat solid wastes which are liquefied in hot oil. By recycling the product heavy oils, and the unliquefied inorganic materials, a considerable decrease in environmental pollution can be achieved. 
     The further objective of the invention is to disclose an apparatus of inclined screw liquefaction reactor(ISLR). The apparatus can be used for various solid wastes where they are thermally treated e.g. crushed, liquefied and pyrolyzed etc. Pyrolysis and oil liquefaction processes take place simultaneously. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a liquefaction/pyrolysis process for recovering valuable organic wastes such as: plasticwastes, scrap tires, rubber wastes, printed circuit board wastes, used cables/wires, oil deposit/sediment, contaminated soil, auto shredder residues, organic residue in inorganic wastes, and waste lubricating oil. 
     The continuous process of this invention which comprise liquefaction and pyrolysis of wastes are conducted in an inclined screw liquefaction reactor(ISLR). It can increase the efficiency of the process of separation and transferring. The reaction conditions are mild and suitable for energy recycling. The waste lubricating oils and waste engine oil could be converted into oil(solvent). The invention is able to treat two kind of wastes simultaneously, flexible for input and suitable for resource recovering treatment for all kind of organic wastes. 
     The quantity of organic-containing solid wastes increases rapidly at the rate of millions of tons per year. These organic-containing solid wastes are equivalent to approximately thousands of billions kcal, which is a huge amount of thermal potential energy/heat and about half are from petroleum products. These solid wastes such as: printed circuit board wastes, rubber wastes, plastic wastes, scrap tire, organic wastes from auto shredder residues, oil sludge/sediment etc., are usually mixed with inorganic materials i.e., iron-wires, metal, fiber, wood, glass. Generally the solid wastes are polluted by organic matter and this increases the difficulty of resource recovering treatment. 
     In general, thermal treatment of wastes can recover energy and resources. These technologies includes incineration, pyrolysis, oil liquefaction and gasification. Wastes incineration produces CO 2  and H 2  O, but also produces some particulate, heavy metals, halides, SO x , and NO x . The accumulated pollutants have a negative impact on the environment. In addition the emission of PCCDS and PCDFS is also a serious problem. Under the condition of absence of oxygen, the macro organic compounds are cracked into smaller molecules and are recovered as the light hydrocarbons gases and light oil in the pyrolysis process. However, successful operation process for commercial purposes with direct pyrolysis are very few. This is due to engineering and operational problems such as (a) low heat transfer coefficient of the solid organic matter which affect the efficiency of the pyrolysis process; (b) high viscosity of products make the the pyrolysis process more difficult; and (c) the pyrolysis products are not economically attractive, generally. 
     Thus, in order to overcome these difficulties that are mentioned above, the inventor presents a liquefaction/pyrolysis process and an apparatus of inclined screw liquefaction reactor (ISLR). 
     The major goal in this present invention is using liquefaction/pyrolysis process to carry out the resource recovering for the solid wastes which have high thermal potential energy/heat. The solid wastes are: printed circuit board wastes, rubber wastes, plastic wastes, scrap tire, organic wastes from auto shredder residues, oil sludge/sediment etc. The solid wastes are liquefied in hot oil or recycled product heavy oils at relatively low temperatures. The liquefaction/pyrolysis process comprises the main step of heat transfer by the hot oil to swell the structure of the highly polymeric organic material and lead to selective bond breaking. Therefore, the major products are oils, and can be separated easily from the mixtures of inorganic materials. The reaction temperature is usually less than 400° C., which is much lower than that of any other known thermal treatment technologies. The need of the gas treatment equipment also becomes much less due to the lower quantity of the gas products. This proposed process can treat wastes mentioned above such as; printed circuit board wastes, scrap tire, plastic wastes, and other difficult-to-treat wastes as well as the used motor oil. Hence the goal of treating several kinds of wastes simultaneously can be achieved. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The above objectives and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing the attached drawings, in which 
     FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section diagram of inclined screw liquefaction reactor; 
     FIG. 2 shows a integral process diagram of waste liquefaction; 
     FIG. 3 shows an effect of temperature on conversion of liquefaction of scrap tires; and 
     FIG. 4 shows a FTIR spectrum of light oil from liquefaction of scrap tires. 
     The attached tables are as follows: 
     Table 1. Typical composition of tire 
     Table 2. Products distribution for liquefaction of scrap tire 
     Table 3. Product gas composition for liquefaction of scrap tire 
     Table 4. NMR data of light oil from liquefaction of scrap tire 
     Table 5. Characterization of light oil from liquefaction of scrap tire 
     Table 6. Products distribution from liquefaction of printed circuit board waste 
     Table 7. Characterization of light oil from liquefaction of printed circuit board waste 
     Table 8. NMR data of light oil from liquefaction of printed circuit board waste 
     Table 9. Product distribution for liquefaction of cable/wire waste 
     Table 10. Characterization of light oil from liquefaction of cable/wire waste 
     REFERENCE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN THE DRAWINGS 
     Inclined Screw Liquefaction Reactor (1) 
     Separator (3) 
     Heater (2) 
     Reactor Body (11) 
     lnsulation (111) 
     Outlet pipe connector (112) 
     Inlet pipe connector (113) 
     Gate valves (1121), (1122), (1131), (1132) 
     Connection pipe (1123), (1133) 
     Feed hopper (1134) 
     Conveyor (1135) 
     Screw (12) 
     Variable speed motors (13) 
     Pipe (14), (15), (16) 
     Oil feeder (21) 
     Heavy oil tank (22) 
     Pump (23) 
     Oil preheating tank (24) 
     Oil pipe (241) 
     Main fuel burner (25) 
     Auxiliary fuel burner (26) 
     Air Blower (27) 
     Ferreous metal (31) 
     Non-Ferreous metal (32) 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The equipments and the liquefaction process flow diagram are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Steps of the process are described as follows: 
     A. The wasted products of petroleum chemicals are crushed to about the size of 5-10 cm. 
     B. Liquefaction of wastes is conducted in the inclined screw liquefaction reactor(ISLR) at 200°-400° C., to recycle valuable light oil. 
     C. The inorganic materials are cleaned up by pyrolysis. 
     The inclined screw liquefaction reactor(ISLR, 1) includes the main body (11), screw (12), and variable speed motors (13). The surface of main body (11) is covered with an appropriate insulation (111). On the main body (11) two sides have separate setting for outlet pipe connector (112) and inlet pipe connector (113), where one can connect the gate valve sets (1121), (1122) and (1131), (1132) respectively. 
     The connection pipe (1123), (1133) exist between the gate valve sets (1121) and (1122) or gate valve sets (1131) and (1132), the top of gate valve sets (1131) have a feed hopper (1134). Wastes on a conveyor (1135) are transported into the inclined screw liquefaction reactor (1) through feed hopper (1134). The screw (12) built in the reactor body (11) is driven by the variable speed motors (13). 
     The wastes of motor oil or lubricating oil are transported to the heavy oil tank (22) through the oil feeder (21), using pump (23) to deliver them into the oil preheating tank (24), through pipe (241). The oil is heated to the required temperature in the heater (2). Heater (2) was heated to an appropriate temperature by burning the mixture of the product gas or heavy oil from liquefaction process through the main fuel burner (25) and natural gas or product gas is fed through the auxiliary fuel burner (26), and the air is introduced by the blower (27). 
     Hot liquefaction products were transferred into the inclined screw liquefaction reactor (1) to liquefy the wastes. The area in the reactor which is filled with hot oil is called the liquefaction zone and the space above the oil is the pyrolysis zone. 
     During pyrolysis, volatile organic gas are vaporized through the tube (14) for appropriate treatment (e.g. condensation or separation). Some volatile organic gases or, light oil products subsequently flow out through pipes (15) and (16) respectively. After pyrolysis the contaminated inorganic materials which are free of oil are then separated with the separator (3) to ferrous metals (31) or non-ferrous metals (32) and can be separated or recovered. 
     The objective of the invention relates to the apparatus as inclined screw liquefaction reactor (1), which is shown in FIG. 1. The further objective of the invention relates to a one-step thermal treatment process, as simultaneous oil liquefaction/pyrolysis operations shown in FIG. 2. The major design concepts of the invention are illustrated below: 
     wastes which are difficult to treat are feed continuously. The wastes are liquefied/pyrolyzed in the inclined screw liquefaction reactor shown in FIG. 1. They are mainly converted to light oil at 200°-400° C. Inorganic residues are transported to pyrolysis zone by the screw to remove the adsorbed oils. The oil liquefaction and pyrolysis are in a single-step operation mode which reduces the operations of transferring and separation. The inclined screw liquefaction reactor(ISLR) can also perform the pyrolysis reaction. The process of stirring, transportation and solid-liquid separation are accomplished by the screw. Reaction time can be controlled by the screw speed. 
     The reaction temperatures normally are 200°-400° C. for liquefaction and 300°-500° C. for pyrolysis and the corresponding reaction pressure is 0-100 psig. The liquefaction process uses hot oil to liquefy the wastes and convert them mostly into light oil and some into heavy oil and various types of organic gases. Light oil can be used as re-refining chemicals, materials or it can be used directly as fuel. Heavy oil can be used as liquefied oil and can also be recycled and re-used or as the heat source of the process. Part of the volatile organic gases obtained could be utilized as heat source or chemicals. 
     The liquefaction and pyrolysis has a host of advantages in treating waste and recycling process and includes the following: 
     1. The liquefaction and pyrolysis process can treat more than two kinds of wastes at the same time. 
     2. The liquefaction and pyrolysis reaction conditions are very mild and usually the temperature of operation is less than 400° C. The organic wastes are mostly therefore converted into high value organic materials like light oil. 
     3. After liquefaction and pyrolysis processes, the product oil could be re-refined, used as chemicals, materials, solvent or used directly as a fuel. 
     4. Liquefaction and pyrolysis techniques could be used in the treatment of difficult-to-treat wastes with a high heating value. 
     5. This liquefaction and pyrolysis method can be continuously operated and the engineering and design processes are simple. The operation and maintenance are also easy and has high potential for future development. 
     6. The process and its equipments are very versatile and any kind of organic waste can be accepted. 
     7. All kinds of products could be recovered and this enhances the economic efficiency. 
     8. This is a small type of waste treatment and resources recovery equipment which is suitable for middle and small-sized factories. 
     9. The equipment could be easily moved to any location when required. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     The Scrap Tires and Waste Rubber Treated With the Liquefaction/Pyrolysis Process 
     The main purpose of the liquefaction and pyrolysis process of scrap tires and waste rubber is to separate organic materials from inorganic materials, to reduce the volume of waste or to recover the resources. Tires contain different kind of high molecular weight materials composition as shown in Table 1. The bonds of the high molecular weight materials are selectively broken to produce lower molecular weight of liquid or gaseous organic materials. It is not only useful for separating efficiently organic from inorganic materials but also to recover the resources and energy. Note that at a temperature of 370° C., only 20% of the scruptires are pyrolyzed. Even over 480° C., only 40% is pyrolyzed. 
     The liquefaction and pyrolysis process is used to treat scrap tires. The hot oil medium can transfer the heat into rubber structures and make them swell. This invention utilizes temperatures in the range of 370°-380° C. which could make the tires(sizes are about 5 cm) undergo total pyrolysis and be converted mainly into light oil. If the temperature is less than 320° C., the conversion of the scrap tires is less than 60%. As shown in FIG. 3, the oil used in the liquefaction could be selected from waste motor oil, waste lubricant oil or other waste oils. 
     The scrap tires scrapping sizes are usually between 5-10 cm, the liquefaction temperature at 370° C., the pressure of reaction is about 0-50 psig, feeding ratio of oil to scrap tire is equal to 2 and the reaction time is between 20-30 minutes. The products of the oil liquefaction of the scrap tire are shown in Table 2. The light oil product is about 12.4% and can be used for fuels or auxiliary fuels. The gas product approximates 4.4% (the gas breakdown is shown in Table 3) of which butene is the major component. These volatile organic gas contains low sulfur composition as H 2  S(&lt;0.5%). The volatile organic gas can be re-used for synthetic polymer starting materials. After clean-up, it could be used as a heat source of this process. Solid residue like carbon black, iron wires and fiber after pyrolysis (550° C.), the organic and inorganic materials can be recovered. 
     The light oils recovered from oil liquefaction and pyrolysis process could be used and meet required analyzed standard. Spectra methods could also be utilized to study the chemical property of these oils. Results show that the light oil could be further cracked and these results can be interpreted by NMR data. Table 4 shows that alkanes and alkenes are the major component of the light oil(H-aromatics=7.60% and H-aliphatic=92.4%). 
     It well known that waste motor oil and scrap tires are products of petroleum chemistry. Basically the processing, treatment and recovery of the wastes use petroleum chemical process like refining and re-synthesis and is principally the best way to utilize these waste materials. Scrap tires after liquefaction could produce 10-60% of light oil. If the reaction time is longer, the amount of products is correspondingly increasing. From Table 5, light oil contain 33.2% of naphtha. Naphtha is the major component of gasoline. Heavy gas oil could be further cracked to produce light oil or directly used as fuel. 
     The heavy oil is one of the products in the scrap tire liquefaction process and contains more than 90% gas oil and vacuum residue. Its boiling temperature distribution is very similar to that of motor oils. Generally, the boiling point of vacuum residue is over 538° C. and it is suitably treated with coker, fluidized catalytic cracker or other de-asphalting technologies. The heavy gas oil, may be used as a fuel oil, or converted to the light oil by the catalytic cracker. 
     The heavy oil obtained from liquefaction of scrap tires may be refined by vacuum distillation, separating the vacuum residues from gas oils. The gas oil is then hydrogenated or cracked to produce gasoline or diesel oil. The coke may be used as a fuel or recover useful metal like zinc. 
     In the liquefaction process, ZnO and rubber sulfur are reacted and produce ZnS. Therefore, the sulfur content in light oil and volatile organic gas are relatively very low (H 2  S&lt;0.5%), and can be recovered and used in synthesis of high polymer chemicals or to be used as the process fuel. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     The Printed Circuit Board Wastes Treated With the Liquefaction/Pyrolysis Process 
     The printed circuit board wastes scrapping size at 10×3 cm setting were subjected to the liquefaction conditions as listed below: 
     temperature -320° C., reaction time is 30 min, feed the mixtures in the ratio of wastes/oil equal to 1/2. The typical products distribution in the printed circuit board wastes liquefaction process are shown in Table 6. 
     The products distribution includes oil 58.4%, volatile organic gas 5.3% and solid residue 36% which contains Cu mainly. The light oil product contains about 74% gas oil listed in Table 7. Table 8 shows that the light oil contains aromatic compounds, H-aromatics=11.71%, and H-aliphatic, 88.29%. The major components in the light oil are the alkanes and alkenes group. The light oil products liquefaction of printed circuit board wastes can be re-refined or used as a fuel, or auxiliary fuel, or other useful solvents, as mentioned in example 1. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     The Used Wires/Cable Treated With the Liquefaction/Pyrolysis Process 
     The used wires/cable treated with the oil liquefaction process operates at 320° C. The products distribution is listed in Table 9, wherein iron wires is 42%, heavy oil is 46%, light oil 7.5% and gas product 4.9% which contains more than 15% of butene group. Based on the spectroscopic analysis, the major chemical composition of the light oil is aliphatic groups. However, the oil product analysis (listed in Table 10) shows that the light oil contains heavy naphtha 23% and gas oil 67%. The solid residue products from the used wires/cable liquefaction process is essentially Cu metal. Table 11 shows that light oil contains 5.06% aromatic compounds (H-aromatics) and 94.94% of H-aliphatic. The major components of light oil are alkanes and alkenes. The light oil products from this process can be re-refined or used as a fuel, or auxiliary fuel, or other useful solvents, as mentioned in example 1. The pure Cu and Ag wire can be recovered from solid residue by pyrolysis reaction. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     The Plastic Wastes (PP, PS, PET, PVC, and PE) Treated With the Liquefaction/Pyrolysis Process 
     The used rubber treated with the oil liquefaction process at the temperature less than 370° C. and in recovering heavy oil, the experimental procedures are similar to that described in example 1. The liquefaction products, heavy oil and light oil, can be re-refined used as a fuel, or auxiliary fuel, or useful solvents, which was mentioned in example 1. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     The Waste Slurry/Oil Contaminated Soil Treated With the Liquefaction/Pyrolysis Process 
     The waste slurry or sludge were subjected to pyrolysis in an inclined screw liquefaction reactor. The organic contents in slurry or sludge are controlled or removed completely. The treatment methods of contaminated soil are similar to that of slurry. The pyrolysis products, light oil, used as a fuel, or auxiliary fuel or other useful solvents, as mentioned in example 1. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     The Auto Shredder Residues (Auto Fluffs) With the Liquefaction/Pyrolysis Process 
     Generally, the main recovery product in the treatment of used car is metal. The residues mainly consist of glass, plastic, woods, oil and metals that are difficult-to-treat. The quantity of these used car organic residues (auto fluff) are enormous. For example, the auto shredder residue (ASR) is about 3 million tons per year in U.S.A., the auto crusher residue (ACR) is about 0.28-0.42 million tons per year in France, and one million tons per year in Japan. In this invention, the used car and its organic residues are treated with the liquefaction/pyrolysis process. This reaction proceed at 300°-370° C. and 30 minutes reaction time. The experimental results show that the organic materials (i.e. plastic, rubber) are dissolved fully in the hot oil and the residue mainly contain glasses and metals. The liquefaction products, light oil and heavy oil, can be re-refined, used as a fuel, auxiliary fuel or other useful solvents, as mentioned in example 
     
                       TABLE 1                                                     
______________________________________                                    
A typical composition of the tire rubber.                                 
components wt %     Functions                                             
______________________________________                                    
SBR        62.1     Styrene-butadiene copolmer                            
Carbon Black                                                              
           31.0     Acting primarily to strengthen and                    
                    impact abrasion resistance to the                     
                    rubber                                                
Extender Oil                                                              
           1.9      rubber softener (softening the rubber                 
                    to make it more workable)                             
Zinc oxide 1.9      Enhancing the physical properties of                  
stear acid 1.2      the rubber, also acting in harmony                    
                    with the accelerator and hardener.                    
sulfur     1.1      Reacting with the double bonds in                     
                    adjacent polymer chains to cause                      
                    cross-linking, which hardens the                      
                    rubber and prevents excessive                         
                    deformation at elevated temperature                   
Accelerator                                                               
           0.7      Acting as a catalyst for the                          
                    vulcanization process                                 
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                       TABLE 2                                                     
______________________________________                                    
The product distribution in the scrap tire liquefaction process.          
Product          distribution %                                           
______________________________________                                    
Heavy oil        73.4%                                                    
condensate (light oil)                                                    
                 12.4%                                                    
Gas              4.4%                                                     
solids           9.8%                                                     
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                       TABLE 3                                                     
______________________________________                                    
The gas phase composition in the scrap tire liquefaction process.         
       components                                                         
               Wt %                                                       
______________________________________                                    
       CO      2.6                                                        
       CO.sub.2                                                           
               17.1                                                       
       H.sub.2 0.5                                                        
       H.sub.2 S                                                          
               ND                                                         
       C.sub.1 4.3                                                        
       C.sub.2.sup.=                                                      
               4.9                                                        
       C.sub.2 2.1                                                        
       C.sub.3.sup.=                                                      
               2.9                                                        
       C.sub.3 4.4                                                        
       C.sub.4.sup.=                                                      
               54.4                                                       
       C.sub.4 3.6                                                        
       nC.sub.4                                                           
               3.2                                                        
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                       TABLE 4                                                     
______________________________________                                    
The NMR analysis of the light oil produced from the                       
scrap tire liquefaction process.                                          
Components       peak                                                     
______________________________________                                    
H-alpha, %       15.93                                                    
H-beta, %        50.81                                                    
H-gamma, %       12.25                                                    
H-aliph, %       92.40                                                    
H-ole, %         10.41                                                    
H-arom, %        7.61                                                     
H-alpha/H-arom, %                                                         
                 2.10                                                     
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 *Average Carbon No. 5                                                    
 
    
     
                       TABLE 5                                                     
______________________________________                                    
The characterization of the light oil products in the                     
liquefaction process of the scrap tire.                                   
______________________________________                                    
Gravity, API                                                              
            30.4    Cut             wt %                                  
______________________________________                                    
element analysis                                                          
            wt %    C.sub.6 200° F. light naphtha                  
                                    0                                     
C           84.17   200-400° F. heavy naphtha                      
                                    33.2                                  
H           12.16   400-650° F. light gas oil                      
                                    32.8                                  
N           0.94    650-1000° F. heavy gas oil                     
                                    25.8                                  
S           1.39    1000° F..sup.+  Vaccum resid                   
                                    8.2                                   
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                       TABLE 6                                                     
______________________________________                                    
The products distribution in the liquefaction                             
process of the printed circuit board wastes.                              
Products distribution,                                                    
                  wt %                                                    
______________________________________                                    
heavy oil         54.9                                                    
light oil (condensate)                                                    
                  3.5                                                     
Volatile organic gas                                                      
                  5.3                                                     
Inorganic Residues                                                        
                  36.3                                                    
______________________________________                                    
 *Reaction temperature, 320 C.                                            
 Reaction time, 30 Min.                                                   
 conversion 1                                                             
 
    
     
                       TABLE 7                                                     
______________________________________                                    
The characterization of the light oil products in the                     
liquefaction process of the printed circuit board wastes.                 
Cut                wt %                                                   
______________________________________                                    
C.sub.6 -200° F. light naphtha                                     
                   0                                                      
200-400° F. heavy naphtha                                          
                   14.9                                                   
400-650° F. light gas oil                                          
                   26.8                                                   
650-1000° F. heavy gas oil                                         
                   47.2                                                   
1000° F. Vaccum resid                                              
                   11.1                                                   
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                       TABLE 8                                                     
______________________________________                                    
The NMR analysis of the light oil products in the                         
liquefaction process of the printed circuit board wastes.                 
Components       peak                                                     
______________________________________                                    
H-alpha, %       4.97                                                     
H-beta, %        54.47                                                    
H-gamma, %       24.79                                                    
H-aliph, %       88.29                                                    
H-ole, %         4.06                                                     
H-arom, %        11.71                                                    
H-alpha/H-arom, %                                                         
                 0.42                                                     
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                       TABLE 9                                                     
______________________________________                                    
The product distribution in the liquefaction                              
process of the used cables/wires.                                         
Products distribution,                                                    
                  wt %                                                    
______________________________________                                    
heavy oil         46.0                                                    
light oil (condensate)                                                    
                  7.5                                                     
Volatile organic gas                                                      
                  4.9                                                     
Inorganic Residues                                                        
                  41.6                                                    
______________________________________                                    
 *Reaction temperature, 320 C.                                            
 Reaction time, 30 Min.                                                   
 conversion 1                                                             
 
    
     
                       TABLE 10                                                    
______________________________________                                    
The characterization of the light oil products in the                     
liquefaction process of the used cables/wires.                            
Cut                 wt %                                                  
______________________________________                                    
C.sub.6 -200° F., light naphtha                                    
                    0                                                     
200-400° F., heavy naphtha                                         
                    22.7                                                  
400-650° F., light gas oil                                         
                    15.3                                                  
650-1000° F., heavy gas oil                                        
                    51.4                                                  
1000° F..sup.+, Vaccum resid                                       
                    10.6                                                  
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                       TABLE 11                                                    
______________________________________                                    
The NMR analysis of the light oil products in the                         
liquefaction process of the used cables/wires.                            
Components       peak                                                     
______________________________________                                    
H-alpha, %       11.99                                                    
H-beta, %        66.36                                                    
H-gamma, %       15.75                                                    
H-aliph, %       94.94                                                    
H-ole, %         0.84                                                     
H-arom, %        5.06                                                     
H-alpha/H-arom, %                                                         
                 2.37                                                     
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