Patent Publication Number: US-2007124481-A1

Title: System and method for sharing event-triggered, location-related information between communication devices

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS  
      The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. Section 120 as a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/272,059, filed Nov. 14, 2005, Attorney Docket 57926.000011, entitled “System and Method for Exchange of Information in a Communication Network,” which was a continuation of Ser. No. 09/906,621, filed Jul. 18, 2001, Attorney Docket 57926.000008, entitled “System and Method for Exchange of Information in a Communication Network,” and which issued on Dec. 20, 2005 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,977,909, and which was a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/644,307, filed Aug. 23, 2000, Attorney Docket 57926.000002, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Exchange of Information in a Communication Network,” and which issued on Feb. 7, 2006 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,996,072, and which asserted priority under 35 U.S.C. Section 119 to U.S. Prov. App. Ser. No. 60/176,806, filed Jan. 19, 2000. Each of the aforementioned applications and patents is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.  
      The present application also claims priority under 35 U.S.C. Section 120 as a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/140,742, filed Jun. 1, 2005, Attorney Docket 57926.000009, entitled “Exchange of Information in a Communication System,” which was a continuation of Ser. No. 09/686,990, filed Oct. 17, 2000, Attorney Docket 57926.000005, entitled “Exchange of Information in a Communication System,” and which issued on Jul. 26, 2005 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,922,721. This application is also related to co-pending application assigned Ser. No. ______, entitled “System and Method for Sharing Common Location-Related Information Between Communication Devices, filed on ______. Each of the aforementioned applications and patents is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND  
      The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for providing information to mobile users. More specifically, the invention relates to a system and method for providing information about the location of a user of a communications device to a user of another communications device, when the two users are engaged in a primary communication with each other.  
      The present evolution of data-communication is such that more and more users gain access to the Internet worldwide. The Internet has become both a source of knowledge but also a marketplace for business, and it is attracting more and more users. Currently there is a high pressure on the data-communications industry to provide solutions that allow everyone to gain access to Internet. Broadband solutions are continuously developed and both local as well as national access networks are planned and launched. The presently most common method of modem access through the telecommunications network (e.g., the Public Switched Telecommunication Network, PSTN provider) is being replaced by other ways of access with a possibility to higher data rates, e.g., through electric power and cable TV providers.  
      At the same time, the telecommunications industry is struggling another battle; that of providing mobility to each and every user. Traditionally, telecommunication has been focused on voice communication. With the increase of data communication however, other demands are arising (e.g., higher data rate transfer), but also new possibilities. Evolutions of mobile systems are presently in a period when more and more packet-based systems will be deployed. Packet switched systems have, in contrast to circuit switched systems, certain advantages when it comes to transfer of data-communication. In a packet switched system, a user is only utilizing a transmission resource when system control signaling or user information is transmitted. In a circuit switched system, a user is allocated a transmission resource continuously, even though no current transfer is active. Circuit switched systems have some obvious advantages in real-time voice communication, since it is difficult to predict the communication. For data-communication, it is not as important to predict the transmission resources required, since the demands on delay and delay variations are not as crucial to the communication quality as for voice. It is therefore possible to allow more users onto the transmission resources by allowing usage thereof only when there is something to transmit and leave the channel available for additional users otherwise.  
      One such system is the packet data evolution of the mobile communication system pursuant to the ETSI GSM specification, called General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). With GPRS, higher bit rates and more users may be allowed than what is possible today, when data communication is deployed on a circuit switched channel. GPRS is a step towards mobility for data communication users, in contrast to GSM, which is optimized for mobility for “traditional” telecommunication users, i.e., real-time voice communication users.  
      The data-communication run over the telecommunications networks today is usually initiated by an access to an Internet- or a mail server. A user logs on to a distant server and accesses the data-communications network through, e.g., modem pools. The user dials up the modem pool and is therefore connected to a server, from which access can be made to both local as well as global networks. Browsers like e.g., Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator are used to navigate on the Internet and switch between Internet pages or addresses. Users and institutions usually design their own data objects, or homepages, on an internal or external network that provides personal information or any other kind of information. Once connected to the data network a user may access these data objects by entering the correct address. The address is often selected by combining a node name in the network (e.g., server name) and an arbitrary text-string. Typically, it is not trivial to find a desired data object, since the text strings and server names are not obvious.  
      Addressing in a telecommunications network, e.g., when engaging in a voice communication is usually performed by entering a telephone number on a User Equipment (UE), like a mobile telephone. A telephone number is a world-wide, unique addressing string. A calling party (A-party) dials the addressing string (B-number) to the called party (B-party). Dependent on what type of network the A-party is a subscriber on, the call request is routed through one or several public telecommunication networks to the correct addressee and the communication may begin.  
      The above principle also applies when a user wishes to connect to the Internet from a computer connected to a telecommunications network. The user connects to a data-communications network by dialing a B-number to a modem pool, from which accessing the data-communications network is possible. There are no information or interaction possibilities with the called server other than this access opportunity.  
      Applicants have identified that there is a problem in the present way of accessing the Internet for specific data objects because of the non-obvious way of addressing data objects. There is further a need in the telecommunications industry to provide a simpler way of accessing the Internet and to guide a user by other means than a modem number to call, from where the user is left on her own to be further guided to the desired homepage or data object.  
      Relatedly, Applicants have also identified that there is a problem with current systems and methods. In particular, current systems and methods do not provide information about the location of the user of a communications device to a user of another communications device, when the two users are engaged in a primary communication with each other.  
     SUMMARY  
      The present invention overcomes the above identified deficiencies of providing information about the location of a user of a communications device to a user of another communications device, when the two users are engaged in a primary communication with each other.  
      In one aspect of the present invention a technique for providing a data object to a B-party that is in communication with an A-party is described. A data object can for example be graphical, text, sound, voice, animations, static or dynamic pictures, or any combination. The providing to a B-party a specific data object, hereafter referred to as a phonepage, will allow the B-party direct access to information about the A-party. In some embodiments, the information may comprise location information, such as a map, for example. The phonepage resides in a memory in a telecommunications network, or in a memory in a data-communications network connected thereto. The phonepage may have a similar appearance to an Internet web page, but may also take other appearances. The displaying of the phonepage may be made dependent upon the capabilities of the B-party user equipment.  
      According to one embodiment of the systems and methods described herein, a method for supplying a data object to a user of a communication system is disclosed. The method comprising the steps of: establishing a session between a first and second communication device; transferring, in a first transferring step, a request for a data object from the first communication device to a data object server, the first transfer step to take place upon the occurrence of a triggering event at the first communication device; creating the data object intended for rendering at the second communication devices; and transferring, in a second transferring step, the data object to the second communication device.  
      In another embodiment of the systems and methods described herein, a system for supplying a data above to a user of a communication system is provided. The system comprising: a first communication device, wherein the first communication device includes: (i) logic for determining whether a triggering event has occurred at the first communication device; and (ii) logic for transferring a request for a data object from the first communication device to a data object server, the request for a secondary data object comprising information pertaining to a user of the first communication device; wherein the first communication device and the second communication device are configured to communicate; and wherein the data object server is coupled to a data network and includes: (i) logic for creating the data object intended for rendering at the second communication device; (ii) a database; (iii) logic for storing the data object in the database; and (iv) logic for transferring the data object to the second communication device.  
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
      The invention will now be more thoroughly described and features and advantages will become readily apparent by reading the following detailed description, where references will be made to the accompanying figures, where:  
       FIG. 1  illustrates an overview of a communication infrastructure overview according to one embodiment of the invention;  
       FIG. 2  illustrates a first flow diagram of a subscriber interaction in an A-party UE according to one embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 3  illustrates a first flow diagram of a subscriber interaction in a data server according to one embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 4  illustrates a second flow diagram of a subscriber interaction in an A-party UE according to an embodiment of the present invention, when data and voice communications can be conducted simultaneously;  
       FIG. 5  illustrates a case when event detection has been implemented in a terminal;  
       FIG. 6  illustrates how a phonepage is registered with a root PNS;  
       FIG. 7  illustrates how a phonepage is removed and unregistered with a root PNS;  
       FIG. 8  illustrates how a PWS performs a status request;  
       FIG. 9  illustrates a third flow diagram of a subscriber interaction in an A-party UE according to another embodiment of the present invention, when data and voice communications can not be conducted simultaneously;  
       FIG. 10  illustrates a flow diagram of a subscriber interaction in a B-party UE according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 11  illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a UE according to one embodiment of the invention;  
       FIG. 12  illustrates a block diagram of a data object server in a data network according to one embodiment of the invention;  
       FIG. 13  illustrates a flow diagram of B-number indication procedure according to one embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 14  illustrates a flow diagram of A-number indication procedure according to one embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 15  illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a UE where the UE is connected to a fixed network according to one embodiment of the invention;  
       FIG. 16  illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a UE where the UE consists of a PDA and a mobile phone according to one embodiment of the invention;  
       FIG. 17  illustrates a signaling overview of a client initiated launch WAP browser solution;  
       FIG. 18  illustrates a signaling overview of a push initiated launch WAP browser solution;  
       FIG. 19  illustrates a signaling overview of a push initiated launch STK micro browser solution;  
       FIG. 20  illustrates a signaling overview of a client initiated launch STK micro browser solution;  
       FIG. 21  illustrates a signaling scheme of a phone page redirection scheme;  
       FIG. 22  illustrates a signaling scheme of a phone page dispatch scheme;  
       FIG. 23A -C illustrates a signaling scheme of call handling sequence between two GSM/GPRS, class A, PMTs with phone page functionality;  
       FIG. 24  illustrates a case where a phone page containing information about a first user is provided to a second user;  
       FIG. 25  illustrates a first flow diagram of the case illustrated in  FIG. 24 ;  
       FIG. 26  illustrates a second flow diagram of the case illustrated in  FIG. 25 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
      First a network overview. The present invention will now be described with references to a telecommunications system based on GSM as a circuit switched communication system and GPRS as a packet switched communications system. It should however be noted that the embodiments described are to be considered exemplary and that other packet and circuit switched systems may equally well be considered, both fixed—as well as mobile—and with any access technology, e.g., Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) or any combinations thereof. The invention is not restricted to any specific type of communications network or access technology.  
       FIG. 1  illustrates a communication infrastructure overview,  10 , where a number of different communication networks are interconnected.  FIG. 1  includes both nodes included in a Circuit Switched (CS) mobile communication network, e.g., a Mobile Switching Center (MSC),  118 , and Base Station Subsystem (BSS),  112 , as well as nodes included in a Packet Switched (PS) mobile communication network, e.g., Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN),  114  and a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN),  116 . Typically, the SGSN includes functionality such as re-segmenting data packets according to one protocol into data packets according to protocols used over the air interface. The SGSN also includes control mechanisms for one or several BSS,  112  as well as Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms. The GGSN includes functionality required to maintain communication between a mobile packet data network and other packet data networks, e.g., data network  120 . The CS part of the network connects to a PSTN network,  140 , and the PS part of the network connects to a data network,  120 . The data network may be both an external or internal network, i.e., with global or limited access possibilities. As shown, the PS and CS parts of the network may also be interconnected by way of an interface between the MSC,  118  and the SGSN,  114 . The BSS,  112 , may serve both the PS as well as the CS part of the network with packet switched ( 161 ) as well as circuit switched ( 162 ) communication resources over the air, to provide mobility to both PS and CS service users and their User Equipment (UE),  100 . The UE,  100 , may for example be a mobile telephone or a mobile telephone connected to any kind of data equipment, e.g., Personal Digital Assistance Devices (PDA) or laptop computer. The PSTN,  140 , provide users (user devices) connected to the fixed network with service, e.g., to “plain old telephones” (POTs), facsimile or data modem devices,  150 . Other examples of devices connected directly or indirectly to the PSTN,  140 , are ISDN terminals and communication devices connected via a Digital Subscriber line (DSL) (e.g., ADSL, HDSL and XDSL).  
      The data network,  120 , typically includes one or several routers (not illustrated) and data bridges such that several nodes may be interconnected and communicate with each other. The data network used in connection with the present invention includes also a data object server,  130 . Typically, pluralities of data object servers are included in a data network, although, for reasons of explanation and clarity, only one data object server,  130 , is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . Examples of data networks are Internet and Intranet networks. The UE,  100 , may obtain a complete logical connection  171  to an indicated B-party telephone,  150 , connected to the PSTN,  140 , through the CS communication channel,  162 , provided between the UE,  100 , and the BSS,  112 , and further via the MSC node,  118 , over which conversation may be conducted between either party UE  100  and telephone  150 . Similarly, the UE,  100 , may obtain a complete logical connection  172  to equipment, e.g., data object server,  130 , connected to the data network,  120 , through the PS communication channel,  161 , provided between the UE,  100  and the BSS,  112 , and further via the SGSN,  114  and GGSN,  116 , node, over which data may be sent between either party UE  100  and data object server  130 .  
      Element  140  can in some embodiments be a PSTN/ISDN, and then element  150  could also be a mobile phone. In other embodiments there can also exist the case of all IP, i.e., UE  100  has real-time voice communication with a packet data device.  
      Now for subscriber description. According to one aspect of the present invention a data object server,  130 , includes graphical information objects, i.e., phonepages, associated to a telephone number. The telephone number is identical to a subscriber number, i.e., an A- or B-number, addressing an originating user equipment or a terminating user equipment, respectively. The A-party, upon dialing a B-number, connects to a data object server,  130 , by way of PS communication channel and receives a data object, i.e., a “phonepage” stored in a memory position in the data object server, with a memory address corresponding to the B-number dialed. The phonepage may consist of information about the B-party, or it may simply provide an immediate access to an internal or external data network as maintained by the B-party subscriber. Alternatively, the B-party phonepage may consist of information regarding a B-party user, e.g., phone number, address and other information. After having received the B-party phonepage, one or several procedures may follow. If the B-number is addressing a POT,  150 , a circuit switched voice connection may be setup. If the B-number is addressing another device, other events may occur. This is of course also dependent upon the A-party device, UE,  100 , used.  
      In a variant of the present invention, the UE,  100 , does not support the use of a PS communication channel whereby data objects can be retrieved by other means, such as a Short Message Service (SMS) or a temporary CS communication channel. In a variant of the present invention, a PS communication channel, for example having a particular QoS, is used for conveying speech within the communication system  10  whereby the PSTN,  140 , and the data network,  120 , is interconnected by some means (not shown in  FIG. 1 ).  
       FIG. 2  illustrates a flow diagram of a procedure in a UE (like the UE,  100 ) for communicating a phonepage to an A-party using the UE, according to one embodiment of the present invention. In step  205 , the procedure starts by an initiation from the A-party, (e.g., a UE is switched on). In step  210 , a trigger of a phonepage request is indicated, either automatically (e.g., a call is terminated by the other party) or manually by the A-party (e.g., the dialing of a B-number). The triggering event,  210 , may be at least one of a number of events, e.g.: 
          An outgoing call is or is about to be initiated.     An addressed B-party answers a call.     An addressed B-party is busy.     An addressed B-party does not answer.     An addressed B-party rejects a call.     An addressed B-party is unavailable (e.g., an addressed mobile phone is out of coverage).     An incoming call is imminent or has just started.     A conference call is or is about to be initiated.     A call is disconnected.     A call is conducted (under which several triggering events can be generated).     A subscriber is put on hold.     A new cell in the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) has been selected.     The location of a subscriber has changed.     A new PLMN operator is selected.     A new country of registration is made.     A UE is about to be switched off.     A UE has been switched on.     When a designated button on a UE is pressed.     In response to a talk spurt received by a UE.     A voice mail has been left to a subscriber.     An SMS has been sent to a subscriber.        
      And now protocol functionality. According to one aspect of the present invention a data object server,  130 , includes graphical information objects, i.e., phonepages, associated with an address indication such as a telephone number, or an Internet address such as an IPv6 address. The telephone number is identical to a subscriber number, i.e., an A- or B-number, addressing originating user equipment or a terminating user equipment, respectively. The A-party, upon dialing a B-number, connects to a data object server,  130 , by way of PS communication channel and receives a data object, i.e., a “phonepage” stored in a memory position in the data object server, with a memory address corresponding to the B-number dialed. The data object server may comprise the phonepage with information about the B-party directly, or it may simply provide an immediate access to a location in an internal or external data network as maintained by the B-party subscriber, i.e., the object server  130  first functions as a number server providing a translation of the provided B-number to a corresponding URI where the phonepage resides, which may be at a physically separate phonepage object server. The translation and provision of the actual requested phonepage can be either transparent, i.e., the phonepage number server forwards, or dispatches, the phonepage request to an appropriate phonepage object server, which phonepage object server communicates directly, or indirectly via the name server, to the requester, or the phonepage number server returns the URI of the requested phonepage to the requester after which the requester will be redirected by using the URI to request the desired phonepage.  
      The B-party phonepage may comprise information regarding a B-party user, e.g., phone number, address and/or other information. The B-party phonepage may also comprise information regarding the addressed B-party&#39;s user equipment, which, for example, can be a fax. After having received the B-party phonepage, one or several procedures may follow. If the B-number is addressing a POT,  150 , a circuit switched voice connection may be setup. If the B-number is addressing another device, other events, such as when a pay service is used, may occur. This is of course also dependent upon the A-party device, UE,  100 , used.  
      According to another aspect of the present invention a phonepage can be associated with an Internet address such as an IPv6 address, SIP address or an email address. For example, an A-party, upon setting up a communication link with a web-page to a thermostat of his or her summer house to thereby control/check the temperature, will receive a data object which, for example, identifies the thermostat and comprises a link to the manufacturer&#39;s home page, and/or other communication means to the manufacturer. In another example, an A-party desires to set up a conference call by means of a conference telephone located in a conference room. Upon initiation of the communication, the A-party will receive a data object which is linked to the conference telephone by means of its telephone number, http address or IP address. The data object, the conference telephone&#39;s phonepage, can suitably comprise information concerning the locality of the conference phone, the size of the conference room, and/or a booking schedule. In still another example, an A-party desires to transfer a facsimile. Upon choosing or initiating transmission to a fax-machine, the phonepage of the fax machine is requested and returned to the A-party. A phonepage of a fax machine might comprise information concerning the locality of the fax, whose fax machine it is, and/or who has access to the fax machine. In still a further example, an A-party desires to transfer an email to a B-party. Then, upon choosing or writing the email address, i.e. perhaps even before a message is composed, the phonepage of the email address is requested and returned to the A-party. A phonepage of an email address might comprise information concerning the owner, the B-party user, of the email address, other means of communication with the owner, and/or schedule or availability of the owner. A phonepage is a data object that is linked to a unique identifier such as a telephone number or an internet address such as an IPv6 address, but not located or retrieved from the place that the unique identifier identifies.  
      The A-party initiates a request in step  230 , possibly after encryption in step  220 , and sends this request via a communication channel, (e.g., packet switched as illustrated in  FIG. 1 ) to a data object server. The data object request may include at least one of a number of different parameters, e.g.: 
          A requested protocol to be used for transmission (e.g., WAP, WML, HDML, HTML).     An identification of a data object server (e.g., a server name or a plain IP address).     A code denoting what kind of event that triggered the data object request (e.g., outgoing call setup).     The indicated B-number associated to at least one B-party equipment.     An A-party identity, e.g., an A-number of a mobile station.     A network address of the A-party (e.g., IP address) used by the data object server when returning a requested data object.     A capability code indicating the displaying capabilities of the A-party (e.g., screen resolution, audio, etc.).     A code indicating an encryption scheme or encryption key used.     A code indicating in what country the mobile station is registered (country code).     A code identifying the current PLMN (V-PLMN) operator or the PLMN where the A-party has a subscription (H-PLMN) or both.     A code indicating the vendor of the mobile station and the type of the mobile station.     A code indicating an equipment unique identity.     A validation code (e.g., a checksum) of the parameters.        

      The data object request in  230  may, according to a variant of the invention, be answered by the data object server in an encrypted format, in which case a decryption in step  250  follows the reception of the response in the user equipment.  
      In the next step follows a rendering procedure in step  260 , where the data objects are displayed according to the capability of the UE after which the procedure is ended in step  299 . Typically after step  299 , there will follow one or several procedures according to the capability of the A-party UE or the type of equipment addressed by a B-number. For example, a call may be setup or a call may be disconnected. According to one of the above mentioned embodiments, where a continuous triggering event is that a call is conducted, special advantages may be relevant (e.g., commercial information may be sold in response to a dialed B-number allowing easy payment for such information).  
       FIG. 3  illustrates the corresponding procedures in a data object server (like the data object server  130 ), wherein, in step  305 , the procedure starts and in step  310 , the data object server receives a request for a data object. The request may typically include at least an indication corresponding to an A- or B-number and what kind of action that triggered the request. If the request is encrypted, decryption will be made in step  320 , before interpreting the content. The address indication (e.g., A- or B-number) in the request received in step  310  will be mapped with a memory address in the data object server, or to an address in the data object server, connected memory and the data object, i.e., phonepage will be retrieved in step  330 . The request in step  310  may also include an indication of a UE display capability, in which case the data object may be adapted in the data object server to a specific rendering capability, step  340 , of a receiving UE. If the request was encrypted, or if requested for some other reason, the data object will be encrypted in step  350  before it is returned to the requesting UE, in step  360  and then the procedure is ended in the data object server in step  399 .  
      The above described general solution to obtain a data object connected to an address indication may of course be varied in a number of different ways, depending on, e.g., the capabilities of communication of the UEs involved. For example, a method of simultaneously requesting, encrypting, obtaining, decrypting and rendering a sequence of data objects can also be applied in a variant of the present invention.  
      User equipment, like mobile stations, is today developed to handle both packet switched and circuit switched communication simultaneously. These are generally referred to as class A mobile stations. Other mobile station designs allow packet switched and circuit switched communication alternatively, i.e., no simultaneous PS and CS transmission and reception. These are generally referred to as class B mobile stations.  
      In  FIG. 4  is illustrated a flow diagram of procedures included when a circuit switched connection is initiated from a UE which is a class A mobile station according to one aspect of the present invention. In step  405 , the procedure is started when a class A mobile station is not involved in a call session and when a user, e.g., starts to indicate a B-number to a B-party, step  420 , by pressing a digit, a button or by activating voice recognition means. During step  420  the entire B-number is obtained. The mobile station now start to set up two different connections, a circuit switched connection for a voice communication channel in step  430 - 440 - 498 , and a packet switched communication channel for retrieval of a phonepage in step  450 - 499 . These procedures may in a class A mobile station be simultaneous.  
      For the circuit switched procedures, a voice connection with a B-party is initiated in step  430 , a communication recourse is assigned by a mobile network over which a telephone conversation may take place. The telephone conversation is ended in step  440  as any ordinary voice call, for example by pressing a designated button on the mobile station or hanging up a handheld part of a fixed network telephone. Ending the call also involves de-allocation of relevant communication resources within the circuit switched part of the mobile communication network as well as e.g., any PSTN resources involved in the connection.  
      Now follows an example of a protocol implementation between the UE ( 100 ) and the Data Object Server ( 130 ).  
      The phonepage service relies on the following components: 
          Event-detection function residing either in the user&#39;s terminal or in the network;     PhonePage Number Service which handles phonepage requests, retrieval of concerned phonepage, and downloading of the information to the involved terminals;     PhonePage Web Servers (PWS) where phonepages are stored and managed.        

      The PhonePage Number Service (PNS) is implemented using two node types: local and root PNS. The root PNS receives registrations from PWSs and keeps the local PNS updated. The local PNS acts as a kind of “proxy” between the terminal and the PWSs. In one aspect of the invention a local PNS contains an update client that regularly checks for updates with the root PNS. If there are entries more recent than the last successful local PNS update time, the new entries are conveyed from the root PNS to the local PNS. If communication is performed over the open Internet, information may be encrypted (e.g., using the https: or IPSec protocol). There are other means for keeping the different databases up to date. For example, the root PNS may, upon changes in its database, contact a plurality of local PNS&#39;s and, based on their individual update status, convey any changes to the local PNS&#39;s. Again information may be protected as described above.  
       FIG. 5  illustrates the case of a mobile phone user where the event-detection has been implemented in the terminal. The client in the mobile terminal detects an event and requests  510  a phonepage. The Local PNS  520  receives the requests and finds out in which PWS the phonepage is located. The local PNS retrieves  530  the phonepage from the concerned PhonePage Web Server. The phonepage is downloaded  540  to the terminal.  
      An MT-PNS PROTOCOL, first the PNS REQUEST. In general when the Mobile Terminal (MT) detects an event, the MT send a PNS Request to the Local PNS. The PNS Request from a MT client to the PNS is implemented as a HTTP request using the GET method. The URI used in the HTTP request is denoted request URI. The request URI is a URI identifying the resource upon which to apply the request. The request URI contains the host name of the Local PhonePages Number Server (PNS), a host path (e.g., denoting an appropriate server) and a parameter list. No specific header information in the HTTP request is required.  
      Two alternatives for the parameter list are defined. In the first alternative, the parameters are binary coded and the corresponding binary string is then Base64 encoded. In the second alternative the parameters are given using the standard URL encoding scheme for passing parameters. Below the parameter list when using the URL encoding scheme is described.  
      The request URI (Req_URI) is as follows:  
                                                  Req_URI=                         scheme “:”                         “//” host_name           “/” host_path           “?paramlist                         arg=” PPReq Message Content                             scheme =   http           host_name =   “www.”               op_code               “.getpp.net”           host_path =   “servlet/v10”           paramlist =   “ctp=” contenttype_value               “&amp;evn=” eventnum_value               “&amp;otu=” otherpublic_value               *[(“&amp;owu “=” ownpublic_value)               (“&amp;owi “=” ownprivate_value)               (“&amp;grc “=” graphiccap_value)               (“&amp;auc “=” audiocap_value)               (“&amp;vcy “=” visitcountry_value)               (“&amp;voc “=” visitopcode_value)               (“&amp;hcy “=” homecountry_value)               (“&amp;hoc “=” homeopcode_value)               (“&amp;dab “=” databearer_value)               (“&amp;tec “=” terminalclass_value)               (“&amp;ven “=” vendor_value)               (“&amp;tty “=” terminatype_value)               (“&amp;atc “=” authentcounter_value)]           op_code =   5DIGIT                      
 
      The op_code is used to enable distributed PNS service. The op_code has the following value: 
          1. The Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) code of the subscriber.     2. If the HPLMN is unknown, the op_code is the country code (padded with preceding zeros) of the country where the subscriber is registered. For example, Sweden is coded as 00046.     3. If neither HPLM nor country code is known, the op_code is a random number between 99000 and 99999. 
 
 Parameter Values 
       

      Content_Type 
          Parameter short name: ctp     contenttype_value=1*2 DIGIT        

      The contenttype_value is coded as follows:  
                                   Value                      0   Reserved       1   HTML       2   WML       3   Text       4   SMS Text       5   Ring Tone (Nokia)       6   Group Graphics (Nokia)                  
          All other values are reserved.        

      Event_Number 
          Parameter short name: evn     eventnumber_value 1*2 DIGIT        

      The eventnumber_value is coded as follows:  
                                   Value                      0   Reserved       1   User phonepage enquiry       2   An outgoing call is initiated       3   A call is answered       4   The called party is busy       5   The called party does not answer       6   The called party rejects a call       7   The called party is unavailable       8   A call is disconnected       9   An incoming call                  
 
      All other values are reserved.  
      Other Party&#39;s Public Identity 
          Parameter short name: otu     otherpublic_value domain “_” id     domain=1 DIGIT     id=(“+”|DIGIT)*DIGIT        

      The domain field is coded as follows:  
                                   Value                      0   Reserved       1   PSTN/ISDN       2   GSM IMSI                  
          All other values are reserved.     The id field indicates a public identification of a peer user (e.g. telephone number) that is relevant for the particular event.        

      Own Public Identity 
          Parameter short name: owu     ownpublic_value=domain “_” id     domain=1 DIGIT     id=(“+”|DIGIT)*DIGIT        

      The domain field is coded as follows:  
                                   Value                      0   Reserved       1   PSTN/ISDN       2   GSM IMSI                  
          All other values are reserved.     The id field indicates a public identification of the mobile terminal user (e.g., telephone number) that is relevant for the particular event.        

      Own Private Identity 
          Parameter short name: owi     ownprivate_value domain “_” id     domain=1 DIGIT     id=(“+”|DIGIT)*DIGIT     The domain field is coded as follows:     Value     0 Reserved     1 PSTN/ISDN     2 GSM IMSI     All other values are reserved.     The id field indicates a private identification of the mobile terminal user (e.g., IMSI) that is relevant for the particular event.        

      Graphics Capability 
          Parameter short name: grc     graphicscap_value=xres “_” yres “_” coldepth     xres=1*5 DIGIT     yres=1*5 DIGIT     coldepth=1*3 DIGIT     The xres field is the number of pixels on the x-axis on the relevant screen.     The yres field is the number of pixels on the y-axis on the relevant screen.     The coldepth field is the number of bits that is used to code each pixel on the relevant screen.     Example: grc=640 — 480 — 8        

      Audio Capability 
          Parameter short name: auc     audiocap_value=1*2 DIGIT     This parameter is for future use.     The coding of the audiocap_value is for further study.        

      Visiting Country 
          Parameter short name: vcy     visitcountry_value=3 DIGIT     This parameter indicates the country where the PMT is currently registered. The country code is given according to GSM 03.03.        

      Visiting Operator Code 
          Parameter short name: voc     visitopcode_value=2 DIGIT     This parameter indicates the PLMN where the PMT is currently registered. The operator code is given according to GSM 03.03.        

      Home Country 
          Parameter short name: vhcy     homecountry_value 3 DIGIT     This parameter indicates the country where the PMT has a subscription.     The country code is given according to GSM 03.03.        

      Home Operator Code 
          Parameter short name: hoc     homeopcode_value=2 DIGIT     This parameter indicates the PLMN where the PMT has a subscription.     The operator code is given according to GSM 03.03.        

      Data Bearer 
          Parameter short name: dab     databearer_value=1*2 DIGIT        

      The databearer_value is coded as follows:  
                                   Value                      0   Reserved       1   GSM Circuit switched       2   GSM HSCSD       3   GSM SMS       4   GSM USSD       5   GSM GPRS       6   W-CDMA       7   The called party is unavailable                  
 
      All other values are reserved.  
      Terminal Class 
          Parameter short name: tec     terminalclass_value 1 DIGIT        

      The terminalclass_value is coded as follows:  
                                   Value                      0   Reserved       1   Class C       2   Class B       3   Class A                  
 
      All other values are reserved.  
      Vendor 
          Parameter short name: ven     vendor_value 1*3 DIGIT        

      The vendor_value is coded as follows:  
                                   Value                       0   Reserved        1   Unknown        2   Nokia        3   Ericsson        4   Motorola        5   Siemens        6   Bosch        7   Alcatel        8   Panasonic        9   Philips       10   Benefon                  
          All other values are reserved.     Terminal Type     Parameter short name: tty     terminaltype_value 1*3 DIGIT     The terminaltype_value is coded as follows:     Value     0 Reserved     1 Unknown     2-127 Unreserved     128 Reserved     All other values are reserved        

      Authentication Counter 
          Parameter short name: atc     authentcounter_value=1*10 DIGIT        

      Local PNS Response. After receiving and interpreting a PP Request message, a Local PNS server responds with a standard HTTP response message containing the phonepage content. Note that part of the phonepage content may be references (e.g., links) to resources located on other servers (e.g., the PWS) than the Local PNS. In such cases, the actual transfer of the referenced data will be carried out between the MT and the servers hosting the references resources and not pass through the Local PNS.  
      A L-PNS-PWS PROTOCOL. When the Local PNS receives a PNS Request from the MT, the Local PNS looks up the address to the PWS where the requested phonepage is located. The Local PNS then requests the phonepage from the PWS by sending a HTTP request equal to the PNS Request message as described above. Note that the host_name and host_path parts of the request URI in this case are equal to the host name and path of the PWS. The PWS responds with a standard HTTP response message containing the phonepage content.  
      A PWS-Root PNS PROTOCOL. The protocol between the PWS and the Root PNS is based on HTTP and is used for registration and management of phonepage entries in the PNS. In order to provide a secure transport mechanism the HTTPS (Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol) can be used.  
       FIG. 6  shows registering a Phonepage entry. This procedure specifies how a phonepage entry is registered with the root PNS. A phonepage entry can only be created and registered upon the request from an authorized PWS. In normal cases the PWS transmits  610  a REGISTER REQUEST message to the root PNS. Then the root PNS validates  620  the REGISTER REQUEST. Thereafter if the root PNS finds the request to be valid a new entry is created and the root PNS responds  630  with a REGISTER RESPONSE message with status code  201 .  
      In abnormal cases. If the PWS issuing the request is not authorized, the root PNS responds with status code  401 . If the information in the message body of the request message is empty or not complete the root PNS responds with status code  204 . If the information in the message body of the request message is unreadable or not understandable the root PNS responds with status code  400 . If the identity of the entry (entry-id) in the request message is found to be invalid (e.g., not a valid identity for the domain given in the domain element), the root PNS responds with status code  406 . If a root PNS entry already exists for the requested identity (entity-id), the root PNS responds with status code  409 .  
       FIG. 7  shows an UnRegister Phonepage entry. In general this procedure specifies how a phonepage entry is removed and unregistered with the root PNS. A phonepage entry can only be removed and unregistered upon the request from the (authorized) PWS that has registered the entry. In normal cases the PWS transmits  710  a UNREGISTER REQUEST message to the root PNS, as defined in section 0. Then the root PNS validates  720  the UNREGISTER REQUEST. Thereafter if the root PNS finds the request to be valid a new entry is created and the root PNS responds  730  with a UNREGISTER RESPONSE message with status code  201 .  
      In abnormal cases. If the PWS issuing the request is not authorized or if the PWS is not the same as the one that previously registered the entry, the root PNS responds with status code  401 . If the information in the message body of the request message is empty or not complete, the root PNS responds with status code  204 . If the information in the message body of the request message is unreadable or not understandable, the root PNS responds with status code  400 . If the identity of the entry (entry-id) in the request message is found to be invalid (e.g., not a valid identity for the domain given in the domain element), the root PNS responds with status code  406 .  
       FIG. 8  shows a Status Request. In general this procedure specifies how a PWS performs a status request, concerning a specific entry in the root PNS. In response to a status request, the root PNS provides information about the entry. Status information can only be obtained by an authorized PWS. In normal cases the PWS transmits  810  a STATUS REQUEST message to the root PNS, as defined in section 0. The root PNS validates  820  the STATUS REQUEST. If the root PNS finds the request to be valid, information about the entry is retrieved from the root PNS database and the root PNS responds  830  with a STATUS RESPONSE message with status code  200 .  
      In abnormal cases. If the PWS issuing the request is not authorized, the root PNS responds with status code  401 . If the information in the message body of the request message is empty or not complete, the root PNS responds with status code  204 . If the information in the message body of the request message is unreadable or not understandable, the root PNS responds with status code  400 . If the identity of the entry (entry-id) in the request message is found to be invalid (e.g., not a valid identity for the domain given in the domain element), the root PNS responds with status code  406 .  
      Messages  
      Register Request  
      General  
      This message is sent by PWS to root PNS whenever a new root PNS entry is registered.  
      Message type: REGISTER REQUEST  
      Direction: PWS to root PNS  
      Syntax  
     
         
         
           
              The REGISTER REQUEST is implemented as a HTTPS request using the POST method.  
              The request URI is: https://www.getpp.net/root PNSv10  
              The request URI is the absolute URI of the requested resource (e.g., denoting an appropriate servlet) on the root PNS server.  
           
         
       
    
      The message body contains form data, encoded using the ‘application/x-www-form-urlencode’ format as specified in the Hypertext Markup Language-2.0 RFC 1866 with the following fields:  
                                                   Field name   Description                          Command   The value of this field is equal to “Register”.           Account   The root PNS account name of the PWS           Password   The password associated with the account           EntryID   The identity of the entry to be registered with               the root PNS. This is normally a telephone               number in the PSTN/ISDN domain, but may               be also be an identity in another domain.               In the PSTN/ISDN domain, the value of the               EntryID field is an international telephone               number (excluding any preceding ‘+’               character, e.g., 46702692431.           Domain   This specifies the domain in which the EntryID               is valid. The possible values of this field are as               follows:                             Value   Meaning           0   Reserved           1   PSTN/ISDN           2   Reserved           3   SIP           4   Reserved                             URI   The URI of the PWS where the phonepages               are located.                      
 
 Register Response 
 
 General 
 
      This message is sent by the root PNS to PWS as a response to a REGISTER REQUEST message.  
      Message type: REGISTER RESPONSE  
      Direction: PWS to root PNS  
      Syntax  
     
         
         
           
              The REGISTER RESPONSE is implemented as a HTTPS response message.  
           
         
       
    
      The Status-Code in the response message indicates the result of a request to register a new entry in the root PNS. The root PNS responds with one of the following status codes.  
                                                          Status-Code =   “201”   New entry successfully created               “204”   No content               “400”   Bad Request               “401”   Unauthorized PWS               “406”   Not Acceptable               “409”   Conflict, entry already exists               “411”   Length required               “500”   Internal Server Error               “509”   Service unavailable                      
 
 UNRegister Request 
 
 General 
 
      This message is sent by the PWS to root PNS whenever a root PNS entry is to be removed.  
      Message type: UNREGISTER REQUEST  
      Direction: PWS to root PNS  
      Syntax  
     
         
         
           
              The UNREGISTER REQUEST is implemented as a HTTPS request using the POST method.  
              The request URI: https://www.getpp.net/root PNSv10  
              The request URI is the absolute URI of the requested resource (e.g., denoting an appropriate servlet) on the ROOT PNS server.  
           
         
       
    
      The message body contains form data, encoded using the ‘application/x-www-form-urlencode’ format as specified in Hypertext Markup Language-2.0 RFC 1866, with the following fields:  
                                                   Field name   Description                          Command   The value of this field is equal to               “UnRegister”.           Account   The root PNS account name           Password   The password associated with the account           EntryID   The identity of the entry to be removed and               unregistered with the root PNS. This is               normally a telephone number in the               PSTN/ISDN domain, but may be also be an               identity in another domain.               In the PSTN/JSDN domain, the value of the               EntryID field is an international telephone               number (excluding any preceding ‘+’               character, e.g., 46702692431.           Domain   This specifies the domain in which the EntryID               is valid. The possible values of this field are as               follows:                             Value   Meaning           0   Reserved           1   PSTN/ISDN           2   Reserved           3   SIP           4   Reserved                      
 
 UnRegister Response 
 
 General 
 
      This message is sent by root PNS to PWS as a response to a UNREGISTER REQUEST message.  
      Message type: UNREGISTER RESPONSE  
      Direction: PWS to root PNS  
      Syntax  
     
         
         
           
              The UNREGISTER RESPONSE is implemented as a HTTPS response message.  
           
         
       
    
      The Status-Code in the response message indicates the result of a request to register a new entry in the root PNS. The root PNS responds with one of the following status codes.  
                                                          Status_code =   “201”   Entry successfully removed               “204”   No content               “400”   Bad Request               “401”   Unauthorized PWS               “406”   Not Acceptable               “411”   Length required               “500”   Internal Server Error               “509”   Service unavailable                      
 
 Status Request 
 
 General 
 
      This message is sent by the PWS to the root PNS to check the status of a root PNS entry.  
      The PWS may use the STATUS REQUEST message to retrieve information on a certain root PNS entry, e.g., upon reception of a REGISTER RESPONSE message with status code  409  (Conflict, entry already exists).  
      Syntax  
     
         
         
           
              The STATUS REQUEST is implemented as a HTTPS request using the POST method.  
              The request URI: https://www.getpp.net/root PNSv10  
              The request URI is the absolute URI of the requested resource (e.g., denoting an appropriate servlet) on the root PNS server.  
           
         
       
    
      The message body contains form data, encoded using the ‘application/x-www-form-urlencode’ format as specified in Hypertext Markup Language-2.0 RFC 1866, with the following fields:  
                                                   Field name   Description                          Command   The value of this field is equal to “Status”.           Account   The root PNS account name           Password   The password associated with the account           EntryID   The identity of the root PNS entry to retrieve               status about. This is normally a telephone               number in the PSTN/ISDN domain, but may               be also be an identity in another domain.               In the PSTN/ISDN domain, the value of the               EntryID is an international telephone number               (excluding any preceding ‘+’ character, e.g.,               46702692431.           Domain   This specifies the domain in which the EntryID               is valid. The possible values of this field are as               follows:                             Value   Meaning           0   Reserved           1   PSTN/ISDN           2   Reserved           3   SIP           4   Reserved                      
 
 Status Response 
 
 General 
 
      This message is sent by root PNS to PWS as a response to a STATUS REQUEST message.  
      Message type: STATUS RESPONSE  
      Direction: PWS to root PNS  
      Syntax  
     
         
         
           
              The STATUS RESPONSE is implemented as a HTTPS response message.  
           
         
       
    
      The Status-Code in the response message indicates the result of a status request. The root PNS responds with one of the following status codes.  
                                                          Status_code =   “201”   OK               “204”   No content               “400”   Bad Request               “401”   Unauthorized PWS               “406”   Not Acceptable               “411”   Length required               “500”   Internal Server Error               “509”   Service unavailable                      
 
      If, and only if, the status code is 200, the message body of the response contains form data, encoded using the ‘application/x-www-form-urlencode’ format as specified in Hypertext Markup Language-2.0 RFC 1866, with the following fields:  
                                                   Field name   Description                          PWS   The name of the PWS that has registered the               entry.           Registration time   The date and time when the entry was               registered. The value has the HTTP date/time               stamp format as defined in the Requirements               for Internet Hosts - Application and Support               RFC 1123.           EntryID   The identity of the root PNS entry. This is               normally a telephone number in the               PSTN/ISDN domain, but may be also be an               identity in another domain.               In the PSTN/ISDN domain, the value of the               EntryID field is an international telephone               number (excluding any preceding ‘+’               character, e.g., 46702692431.           Domain   This specifies the domain in which the EntryID               is valid. The possible values of this field are as               follows:                             Value   Meaning           0   Reserved           1   PSTN/ISDN           2   Reserved           3   SIP           4   Reserved                             URI   The URI of the PWS where the phonepages               are located.                      
 
 Terminal Capability 
 
      The packet switched procedures basically follow the procedures described in connection to  FIG. 4 , where a data object request is sent, possibly after encryption, steps  450  and  460 , and a response is received and the phonepage displayed, possibly after proper decryption thereof, steps  470 - 490 , after which the packet switched connection also ends, in step  499 .  
      As mentioned above, a class B type mobile station cannot handle two simultaneous connections, one packet and one circuit switched, so another approach to retrieve a phonepage is then necessary when setting up a circuit switched voice connection  
       FIG. 9  illustrates a similar procedure to that explained with reference to  FIG. 4 , but with a mobile station of a class B type used in the A-party, call originating end. In step  905  the procedure starts and in step  910 , the B-number is indicated as described above in reference to  FIG. 4 . In this embodiment, a step  920  is introduced where it is possible to select if a phonepage is to be requested or not. This can typically be a selection made by the user, and/or indicated by the B-number dialed by appropriate setting. According to one embodiment of the current invention, double clicking on a designated SEND button indicates that the phone page is to be requested. If it is indicated that a phonepage is not desired, then follows in step  950 - 960  and  999  a circuit switched call connection and termination as explained in relation to  FIG. 4 , steps  430 ,  440  and  498 .  
      If it is indicated that a phonepage is desired, then the following steps are to encrypt,  930 , and send,  935 , a data object request on a packet switched communication channel. As long as the packet session is not interrupted,  940 , the download of data object continues to the A-party. Data objects are received in step  970 , decrypted, if encrypted, in step  980  and rendered in step  990 . In step  995  the data objects are detected and as long as there is more information to receive, step  995 , and there is no interruptions in step  940 , the data download continues. A possible interrupt may occur, e.g., when a user wishes to no longer wait for a complete download of a phonepage and instead initiates the circuit switched communication in step  950 . This may be initiated by a time expiring or by manually indicating on a man-machine interface (MMI). At the latest, the circuit switched communication is initiated when there is no more phonepage data to download. According to another embodiment of the present invention the phonepage for a class B UE is obtained from the data object server,  130 , upon call completion or whenever the UE is not involved in a call, and is stored locally in the UE being readily available upon a next triggering event.  
      So far, the retrieval of phonepages to display in A-party equipment has been addressed. It should be recognized that a B-party may similarly also display a phonepage related to a connection, preferably a phonepage identified with the A-party number. In  FIG. 10  is illustrated a flow diagram of the procedures in B-party user equipment for retrieval of A-party phonepages according to one embodiment of the present invention when the B-party has the capabilities corresponding to that of a class A mobile station. The procedure start in step  1005 , e.g., by an incoming call to a B-party UE. In step  1010  a communication channel is allocated between the UE and the network,  110 , it is connected to. In step  1020  an indication of the call originating identity, i.e., the A-party identity, preferably, an A-number, is revealed to the B-party. Then in step  1060  and  1070 , a request is sent, subsequent to encryption thereof, to a data object server. The request is, when received in the server, treated similar as the requests received from the A-party, i.e., decrypted if necessary, and responded to in the transmission of a data object related to the A-party identity. The UE receives the data objects, i.e., phonepage in step  1080  and after decryption in step  1090 , if necessary, the phonepage can be displayed to the B-party user in step  1095 .  
      If the call is answered in  1030 , the voice connection may follow the same procedures as those described in relation to  FIGS. 3 and 4 . If the call is not answered the voice part sequence ends in  1098 .  
      For reasons of clarification, several steps in the signaling between the UE  100  and the communication infrastructure  110 ; between the UE  100  and the data object server  130 ; have been omitted in several embodiments above, and focus has been put on the necessary and novel steps according to the invention, in the aforementioned signaling. It should be understood that other procedures (e.g., authentication, channel assignment and charging) might occur in addition to what has been described in the aforementioned signaling.  
      Terminal Implementation.  
       FIG. 11  illustrates a UE according to be used in one embodiment of the present invention, where the UE is a mobile telephone or a PDA with mobile telephone capabilities. A Central Processing Unit (hereafter CPU)  1150  is connected to at least one memory unit  1151 , and at least one display  1120 . The CPU  150  may also be connected to a keyboard device or area  1152  to allow subscribers to enter, for example, digits. The memory unit  1151  may be non-volatile (e.g., EEPROM or SIM card) in order to retain stored information, should power be temporarily unavailable. The CPU  1150  is further connected to a radio unit  1110  that may convert incoming and out going data to RF modulated signals. The radio unit  1110  also connects to an antenna  1160  allowing the RF modulated signals to be received/transmitted to an RF compatible media (e.g., air). The radio unit  1110  may also directly or indirectly be connected to an earphone  1130  and a microphone  1140  in order to allow voice communication. The UE may further comprise a plurality of programs  1170 , e.g., a browser,  1171 , that can render at least one type of data object and an encryption/decryption engine  1172  allowing data object requests to be encrypted and data objects to be decrypted. The UE may optionally be equipped with a cache memory in which it is possible to store and retrieve data objects without occupying transmission resources within the communication network  10 .  
       FIG. 12  illustrates a data object server  130 , according to one embodiment of the present invention. The data object server comprises at least one CPU  1230  connected to at least one memory device  1210 , a cache memory  1250 , at least one database  1240  and at least one interface  1220 . Memory devices  1210  and databases  1240  may be non-volatile. The interface  1220  enables the CPU  1230  to send and receive data to/from the data network  120 . The cache memory  1250  allows storage of frequently used data objects so that the CPU  1230  may obtain them readily. The database  1240  contains the actual data objects that can be requested by the UE  100  via a communication infrastructure  110  and a data network  120 . The data object server may also further comprise a number of programs  1260  including, but not limited to, a filter  1261  allowing the data objects to be optimized according to the rendering capabilities of the UE  100 ; and an encryption/decryption engine  1262  allowing data object requests to be decrypted and data objects to be encrypted.  
      According to a variant of the invention the blocks  1210 ,  1220 ,  1230 ,  1240 ,  1250  and  1260  may be implemented on a plurality of computers. According to another variant of the present invention, the said plurality of computers may be located at a substantial distance.  
      B-number indication involves any means of indicating a B-number in an A-party UE.  
      A first example of B-number indication procedure is described with reference to  FIG. 13  where the B-number indication comprises a start step at  1305  and the step  1310  of receiving a character from a keyboard arrangement. In response to step  1310 , the character is stored in a memory buffer in the UE in step  1320  and it is checked if the B-number is complete in step  1330 . If the number is incomplete, steps  1310 ,  1320  and  1330  are repeated. If the B-number is complete, the B-number indication procedure is concluded in  1399 . Determination of B-number completion  1330  may or may not involve the use of timers supervising the indication procedure; a short key combination in order to minimize the number of keys pressed; designated buttons to indicate number completion (e.g., pressing SEND or CALL buttons once) or by analyzing the digits in the memory buffer for B-number completeness.  
      A second example of B-number indication is by means of voice detection, whereby an incoming talk spurt is successfully matched with an entry in an internal database contained in a UE  100 , whereby a valid B-number could be obtained in response to the aforementioned talk spurt.  
      A-number indication involves any means of indicating an A-number to a said UE  100 . A first example of an A-number indication procedure is described with reference to  FIG. 14  where the A-number indication comprises the step  1405  of starting the procedure and  1410  of receiving an A-number from a communication infrastructure  110 . In response to step  1410 , it is checked if the A-number was valid (e.g., not blocked, secret or misinterpreted) and if it was valid, the A-number is stored in a memory in the UA  100  in step  1430 . If the A-number was not valid, a flag indicating a non valid A-number is stored in a memory of UE  100  in step  1440 . The procedure is ended in  1499 .  
      A second example of A-number indication is by means of sending an A-number or data objects in response to an A-number directly on a logical data communication link  161 .  
       FIG. 15  illustrates a UE  100  according to a second variant of the invention when the UE  100  is a fixed telephone with graphic capabilities. According to this second variant, the UE  100  is equal to a mobile telephone as described in  FIG. 11  but with the exception that the radio unit  1110  and antenna  1160  are replaced with a media adapter  1510  that converts incoming and outgoing signals to and from a particular media standard including but not limited to ISDN, ADSL, HDSL, VDSL and Cable networks and any combination thereof.  
       FIG. 16  illustrates a UE  100  according to another embodiment of the invention when the UE  100  is a mobile telephone  1690  possibly without data object rendering capabilities, with an antenna  1660 , connected to a PDA  1691  via a communication link  1695 . The communication link may for example be realized with an infrared, radio (e.g., Bluetooth) or wire communication arrangement. The PDA  1691  further comprises a CPU  1653  connected to at least one memory unit  1654 , and at least one display  1621 . The CPU  1653  may also be connected to a keyboard device or area  1655  to allow subscribers to enter, for example, digits. The memory unit  1654  may be non-volatile (e.g., EEPROM or SIM card) in order to retain stored information, should power be temporarily unavailable. The PDA  1691  further comprises a collection of programs  1670  including but not limited to a browser  1671  that can render at least one type of data object and an encryption/decryption engine  1672  allowing data object requests to be encrypted and data objects to be decrypted. The mobile phone  1690  is further described in  FIG. 11  where  1620  corresponds to  1120 ,  1610  corresponds to  1110 ,  1650  corresponds to  1150 ,  1651  corresponds to  1151 ,  1652  corresponds to  1152 ,  1630  corresponds to  1130  and  1640  corresponds to  1140 ,  
      There are a number of possible technologies available that are suitable for implementing phonepage functionality in the UE (phonepage client). Examples of such technologies in the context of GSM include: 
          SIM toolkit     WAP/WTA     Java and MeXE     Native implementation        

      Independent of implementation, the main function of the client is to detect call events and launch the browser to the appropriate URL determined by event type, content type, other party&#39;s identity, own identity, HPLMN, VPLMN, visiting country code, terminal capability, and other parameters as described in this document. Additionally the client could provide functions for, e.g., activation and configuration of service, security, soft-keys and menus.  
      As an alternative to directly launching the browser the client may send an SMS to the server which would respond with a push message (e.g., WAP push) containing the phonepage.  
      Now follows a description of a possible implementation based on SIM toolkit (STK). The phonepage solution can be implemented in various ways with STK. It can be achieved by combining WAP with STK. It can also be done as a stand-alone solution without connections to WAP. A phonepage application can be divided into two parts, one that is menu driven and one that is event driven. The two parts of the application will remain integrated on the SIM. The event driven part handles functions for, e.g., automatic downloading of phonepages triggered by certain call events; the phonepage format may be WAP, SMS or similar. The menu driven part of the application handles functions for, e.g., service configuration, and manual user-friendly downloading of phonepages.  
      The SIM hosts several parameters that can be utilized for the PP services. This adds value to the solution both for WAP and non-WAP based solution. Example of such parameters are: event type, other party&#39;s identity, own identity, visiting country code, visiting operator code, and home operator code. Additional parameters such as content type, device capability, device type and data bearer can be obtained for example by UAProf (WAP) or native in the device.  
      STK Combined with WAP Browser in the Phone.  
      The WAP solution can be combined with phonepage-WAP specific parameters and content stored to be accessible on the SIM. This means that parameters that are not supported by WAP could be provided this way. The method can be applied in two ways to implement the phonepage solution. One is to use SMS for the request response in which the URLs will be downloaded or pushed from the PNS. The other (launch browser method) is to define the URL directly locally on the SIM without any preceding server communication. With the launch browser method, the SIM specifies browser, URL, gateway address and bearer among other parameters. This makes it possible for the SIM to define which WAP application that shall be addressed as well as how this shall be done. There is a standardized possibility in STK to start a WAP browser from the SIM. The solution would require support of the launch browser STK command. An overview of the corresponding signalling in the system is shown in  FIG. 17 .  FIG. 17  shows a signalling overview of the client initiated launch WAP browser solution.  
      Another solution that requires a server request from the SIM could be implemented as a work-around if the launch browser STK command is not supported. An overview of the corresponding signalling is shown in  FIG. 18 .  FIG. 18  shows a signalling overview of the push-initiated launch WAP browser solution. This method would require a SMS gateway to be implemented that translates the SMS message to an HTTP request to the PNS. This would then be followed by a WAP push. For this solution WAP push needs to be supported.  
      WAP Similar Browser on the SIM (Stand-Alone Solution).  
      There is also a possibility to implement the phonepage application with a WAP similar STK browser. This could be done based on the same principles as sketched for the real WAP case above. There are two different methods to implement this. With a stand alone STK application that is not integrated with the micro browser a network request would apply before the micro browser is launched. An overview of the corresponding system signalling is shown in  FIG. 19 .  FIG. 19  show signalling overview of the push-initiated launch STK micro browser solution.  
      The phonepage application could also be fully integrated into the micro browser. This solution would require implementation in the micro browser to support event handling. The system signalling for this scenario is shown in the  FIG. 20 .  FIG. 20  show signalling overview of the client-initiated launch STK micro browser solution. This solution could also be implemented so that a stand-alone phonepage solution could be implemented to launch the MB directly on the SIM.  
      Menu Driven Part.  
      Menus for, e.g., service configuration and manual phonepage download could be implemented using STK. Menus could be used both for the case of using a WAP browser in the phone and for the case of a micro browser on the SIM card.  
      Event Driven Part.  
      STK supports detection of several call events including: an outgoing call is initiated, an incoming call, a call is answered, and a call is disconnected. There are several methods to implement the event driven part using STK: 
          Call control managed solution with STK EVENT handling;     Call control managed solution without STK EVENT handling;     STK menu managed solution with call set up and no STK EVENT handling; 
 
 Call Control Managed Solution with STK EVENT Handling. 
       

      With this method the STK application would automatically be launched via an STK event. It can be combined with call control to add the outgoing call event. The STK application would be launched slightly after the call is set up or when the call is terminated.  
      Call Control Managed Solution without STK EVENT Handling.  
      With this method the STK application would be automatically launched every time a call is to be set up. The STK application would be launched slightly after the call is set up or when the call is terminated. Nevertheless, with this method the event for the outgoing call could be handled to give the possibility for the user to download a phonepage at the outgoing call event.  
      STK Menu Managed Solution with Call Set Up and No STK EVENT Handling.  
      With this method the STK application would be launched from the ME menu when the user selects to set up a call this way. This means that there would be a specific set up call application on the SIM This could be combined with access to the phone book on the SIM. Also, with this method the event for the outgoing call could be handled to give the possibility for the user to download a phonepage at the outgoing call event.  
      According to a variant of the present invention, the required software that needs to be added in the UE  100  may be conveyed on a SIM card. This allows implementation of the invention after it has been sold and/or without modifying the firmware of the UE  100 . One apparent way of doing this is to utilize SIM Tool Kit (STK) functions using “proactive SIM” as described in the specification ETSI GSM 11.14. Some of the possible triggering events disclosed here may be mapped directly to a corresponding SIM event.  
      Having detected a triggering event as described above, the application residing on the SIM may invoke several actions. According to a first variant of the invention, the application sends an SMS to a data object server  130 . In response to this, the data object server  130  sends a response to the UE  100  using an SMS message that is shown on the UE  100 . According to a second variant of the invention, the data object server  130  sends a response using WAP Push technology as described in the WAP standard (www.wapforum.org, WAP-165, Push Architectural Overview).  
      According to another variant of the invention, the required software that needs to be added in the UE  100  may be conveyed in the “repository” as described in the WAP standard (www.wapforum.org, WAP-169, Wireless Telephony Application Specification (WTA)). This allows implementation of the invention after it has been sold and/or without modifying the firmware of the UE  100 . Different triggering events are mapped to different “channels” (e.g., the triggering event “incoming call” is mapped to a channel connected to the event “wtaev-cc/ic”, other mappings include the WTA events “wtaev-cc/cl”, “wtaev-cc/oc” and “wtaev-cc/cc”.)  
      WAP/WTA constitutes a toolbox for creating telephony related services. This toolbox provides suitable support allowing a phonepage client to be implemented. The client resides in a socalled WTA repository in the UE. The data object server is in this case WTA compatible and would among other things enable downloading of the client over-the-air.  
      Another technology suitable for implementing a phonepage client in the UE is Java. Using, for example, JavaPhone functionality for automatic phonepage download over, e.g., WAP, HTML or SMS can be obtained. Moreover, functionality such as a context sensitive phonepage soft-key can also be obtained. The soft-key could, e.g., automatically appear after a call, in phone address book, and in a call log. When pressing the soft-key a phonepage associated with the telephone number on the display is automatically downloaded.  
      Network Implementation.  
      The data network,  120 , typically includes one or several routers (not illustrated) and data bridges such that several nodes may be interconnected and communicate with each other. The data network used in connection with the present invention also includes a data object server,  130 . Typically, a plurality of data object servers are included in a data network, although, for reasons of explanation and clarity, only one data object server,  130 , is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . In a preferred embodiment the functionality of a data object server  130  is divided into two logically different parts, a name server and an object server. A name server and an object server might be physically separated or just logically separated. The name server provides translation between address indications such as telephone numbers, events and an appropriate location of an object server where desired objects, phonepages, reside, e.g., URIs (Universal Resource Identifiers), URLs (Universal Resource Locators). An object server hosts the desired objects, the content of the phonepages. Several name servers might be provided, for example a specific name server might be operated by a mobile telephone network operator or a vendor of a mobile telephone. The particular embodiment of the user equipment will determine which name server is used. The name server can be given by the service provider used, can be based on country, be a general global, be dependent on service (such as email), or a combination. In a preferred embodiment, the user equipment associated with a specific network operator by means of, e.g., a SIM card, will automatically send a request to a name server hosted by the network operator. By automatically, as preprogrammed in, e.g., a SIM card, directing a request from user equipment to a name server hosted by the user&#39;s designated network operator (e.g., determined by a SIM card), several advantages such as related to security, speed and redundancy, can be obtained.  
       FIG. 3  illustrates the corresponding procedures in a data object server (like the data object server  130 ), wherein, in step  305 , the procedure starts and in step  310 , the data object server receives a request for a data object. The request may typically include at least an address indication corresponding to, for example, an A- or B-number, email address, or IPv6 address, and what kind of action that triggered the request. If the request is encrypted, decryption will be performed in step  320 , before interpreting the content. The address indication (e.g., A- or B-number) in the request received in step  310  will be mapped with a memory address in the data object server, or to an address in the data object server, connected memory in another server and the data object, e.g., a phonepage, will be retrieved in step  330 . As mentioned previously, the data object server can either provide a phonepage directly or just a pointer to a phonepage, the pointer suitably being a URI. In some embodiments when the data object server does not comprise the phonepages itself, the data object server will forward, i.e., dispatch, the request to the actual phonepage server or provide the requester with the URI to the phonepage. A dispatch can be described as: 
          The user equipment sends a request for a phonepage to the data object server;     The data object server forwards the request, with all appropriate parameters, to an actual phonepage server;     The actual phonepage server transfers the requested phonepage to the user equipment.        
      Alternatively, a dispatch can be described as: 
          The user equipment sends a request for a phonepage to the data object server;     The data object server forwards the request, with all appropriate parameters, to an actual phonepage server;     The actual phonepage server transfers the requested phonepage to the data object server;     The data object server relays the requested phonepage to the user equipment.        

      A redirect can be described as 
          The user equipment sends a request for a phonepage to the data object server;     The data object server returns a URI of an actual phonepage server to the user equipment;     The user equipment makes a new request to the actual phonepage server using the supplied URI;     The actual phonepage server transfers either directly or indirectly (e.g., via the name server) the requested phonepage to the user equipment.        

      The request in step  310  may also include an indication of a UE display capability, in which case the data object may be adapted in the data object server to a specific rendering capability, step  340 , of the receiving UE. The request in step  310  may also include an indication of an identity, e.g., a telephone number, of the requester, in which case a returned phonepage or phonepages can be from a selection of phonepages dependent of the identity of the requester. If the request was encrypted, or if requested for some other reason, the data object will be encrypted in step  350  before it is returned to the requesting UE, in step  360  and then the procedure is ended in the data object server in step  399 .  
      Below follows an exemplary implementation of the procedure between the UE and the data object server.  
      PMT-PNS/PWS Signaling.  
      Redirection Scheme.  
       FIG. 21  shows a signaling scheme depicting the redirection scheme, a phonepage redirect scheme. When the PMT encounters a triggering event  2110 , for example another party is called, it gathers various parameters from its memory and from the SIM card (if any). The parameters are compiled, encrypted and inserted into a URI pointing to a PNS server. The URI is then inserted automatically in the PMT&#39;s browser. In response to this, the browser automatically sends a “PNS request” message to PNS  2120 . Upon reception of the redirect message  2130 , the PMT again requests phonepages  2140 , now directly from the appropriate PWS using the “PWS request” message. Once connection is established with the PWS, the actual phonepage content may be exchanged between the PMT and the PWS  2150 .  
      Dispatch Scheme.  
       FIG. 22  shows a signaling scheme depicting a dispatch scheme, a phonepage dispatch scheme. When the PMT encounters a triggering event  2210 , the parameters are encrypted and compiled into a URI pointing to a PNS server. A “PNS request” message is sent to PNS  2220 , which resolves the correct PWS and relays (with modified content) the request by sending a PWS request  2230  to PWS. Once connection is established to the PWS, the actual phonepage content may be sent from the PMT to the PWS via the PNS, but directly from the PWS to the PMT  2240 .  
      The PNS relays HTTP requests to the appropriate PWS. The PWS on the other hand, may send HTTP messages directly to the PMT. This depends on the IP network architecture, interconnection, web service requested (e.g. http: or https:) and software configuration at PNS and PWS. Special security means must also be installed. Because the phonepage service is typically highly asymmetrical, the PWS will absorb most of the extra load involved with this scheme.  
      GSM Call Illustration.  
       FIG. 23A  to  23 C show a signaling scheme of an exemplary GSM-type of system, involving a complete call handling sequence between two GSM/GPRS, Class A, PMTs with phonepage functionality. The phonepage function will be readily understood by following the diagram and explanatory text below. Note that this is only an example and that vital signaling has been omitted for clarity. The procedures are:  
                                      2301   The A-party phonepage user enters the telephone number of the           B-party and presses the SEND button. The PMT sends a SETUP           message to the MSC.       2302   The MSC responds with a CALL PROCEED message, which is a           triggering event for the phonepage functionality.       2303   A URI is compiled (comprising, for example, the B-number and           the PNS server to use) and transferred to the browser, which sends           a “PNS Request” message to the PNS. The B-party&#39;s PMT is           notified using a SETUP message. This message is sent in response           to the SETUP message from the A-party. The B-party SETUP           message contains (indirectly) a CLI information element revealing           the MSISDN of the A-party.       2304   PNS sends a “PNS Redirect” message to the browser in the PMT           containing a new URI with a pointer to B&#39;s PWS. The B-party&#39;s           PMT sends a CALL CONFIRMED message to the MSC.       2305   The browser in the A-party&#39;s PMT connects to the PWS of the B-           party by sending a “PWS Request” message. The B-party&#39;s PMT           rings and ALERTs the MSC that it is ringing. The ALERT            message is a triggering event for the PhonePage functionality.       2306   The A-party PMT obtains B&#39;s “Called” phonepage from B&#39;s PWS.           The phonepage is rendered in the display       2307   At the B-party, a URI is compiled (comprising, for example, the A-           number (CLI) and B&#39;s PNS server) and is transferred to the           browser, which sends a “PNS Request” message to the PNS.       2308   A ringing control tone is heard by the A-party in response           to an ALERT message received from the MSC. The B-party&#39;s           browser receives a “PNS Redirect” message           pointing to the PWS of the A-party.       2309   The browser in the B-party&#39;s PMT connects to the PWS of the           A-party by sending a “PWS Request” message.       2310   The B-party&#39;s PMT obtains A&#39;s “Ringing” phonepage from           A&#39;s PWS. The phonepage is rendered in the display.       2311   The B-party&#39;s PMT may ring several times whereby a ringing           control tone may be heard at the A-party.       2312   The B-party answers the call. The PMT sends a CONNECT           message to the MSC. The CONNECT message is a triggering           event for the B-party&#39;s phonepage functionality.       2313   In response, the A-party receives a CONNECT message from           the MSC, which is a triggering event for the A-party&#39;s phonepage           functionality. At the B-party, a new URI is compiled and sent           to the B-party&#39;s PNS server in a “PNS Request” message.       2314   A new URI is also compiled and sent to the A-party&#39;s PNS server           in a “PNS Request” message. The PNS redirects the browser           at the B-party to the A-party&#39;s PWS.       2315   The PNS redirects the browser at the A-party to the B-party&#39;s           PWS. The browser of the B-party connects to the PWS of           the A-party by sending a “PWS Request” message.       2316   The browser of the A-party connects to the PWS of the B-party by           sending a “PWS Request” message. The B-party&#39;s PMT           obtains A&#39;s “Conversational” phonepage from A&#39;s           PWS. The phonepage is rendered in the display.       2317   The A-party&#39;s PMT obtains B&#39;s “Conversational” phonepage           from B&#39;s PWS. The phonepage is rendered in the display.       2318   Audio conversation may be conducted between the parties from           step 2314 to step 2319.       2319   The A-party hangs up and a DISCONNECT message is sent to the           MSC.       2320   The MSC responds with a RELEASE message. The MSC sends a           DISCONNECT message to the B-party&#39;s PMT.       2321   When communication resources are released the A-party PMT           sends a RELEASE COMPLETE message to the MSC. The           RELEASE COMPLETE message is a triggering event for the           A-party&#39;s phonepage functionality. A RELEASE message           is sent by the B-party&#39;s PMT to the MSC.       2322   A new URI is compiled by the A-party&#39;s PMT and is sent to the A-           party&#39;s PNS server in a “PNS Request” message. The RELEASE           COMPLETE message is sent to the B-party&#39;s PMT. The           RELEASE COMPLETE message is a triggering event for the           B-party&#39;s phonepage functionality.       2223   The PNS redirects the browser at the A-party to the B-party&#39;s           PWS. A new URI is compiled by the B-party&#39;s PMT and is sent to           the B-party&#39;s PNS server in a “PNS Request” message.       2324   The browser of the A-party connects to the PWS of the B-party by           sending a “PWS Request” message. The PNS redirects the           browser at the B-party to the A-party&#39;s PWS.       2325   The A-party&#39;s PMT obtains B&#39;s “Disconnect” phonepage from B&#39;s           PWS. The phonepage is rendered in the display. The browser of           the B-party connects to the PWS of the A-party by sending a           “PWS Request” message.       2326   The B-party&#39;s PMT obtains A&#39;s “Disconnect” phonepage from A&#39;s           PWS. The phonepage is rendered in the display.       2327   The procedure is ended.                    
      N.B. The procedure is exemplary and can only be viewed as an illustration.  
      PNS Node.  
      The PNS is logically separated into two entities: a root and a local PNS. These may physically be implemented as separate nodes or integrated into one. The root PNS performs the following functions: 
          master database of all phonepage links     registration of phonepage links     distribution of phonepage link data to local PNSs        

      The root PNS could be implemented in a hierarchical structure enabling high performance service on a global basis.  
      The local PNS contains a local database of phonepage links and performs the following functions: 
          reception of phonepage requests from mobile and fixed users (requestees)     fetching of relevant phonepages associated with each request     downloading of said phonepages to requestees        

      For capacity and coverage reasons local PNS&#39;s will exist in multiple instances. Moreover, to further improve security, availability and performance, a mobile operator may want to have a local PNS directly attached to his backbone.  
      An individual local PNS node may need to handle thousands of requests per second in a high availability fashion. For this reason a clustered solution with load sharing and redundancy may be employed.  
      PWS Nodes.  
      The PNS allows any number of PWSs (c.f. the DNS service that allows any number of homepage servers on the Internet). Thus, there are no limitations on how the load is distributed over actors and geography.  
      The PWS (phonepage web server) has the following main functions: 
          Database for storage of phonepages     Platform on which various phonepage related applications can reside     Tools allowing end-users to create and manage phonepages     Communication with PNS, end-users, and management system     Adaptation of phonepages according to the end-users device and preferences        

      In the context of WAP, the adaptation of phonepages to the user&#39;s device can be handled according to the mechanisms defined in UAProf.  
      Typically, a PWS may be implemented using standard web servers (e.g., Apache) with tailor-made servlets that may parse the phonepage parameter lists and that generate phonepages that are suitable for the recipient&#39;s phonepage device.  
      Peer to Peer Phonepage.  
      According to a variant of the invention, translation of numbers and events to URLs can be made in the UE itself. Upon detection of a triggering event, the UE looks in a memory position (e.g., SIM card or address book) and retrieves or computes a URL corresponding to a particular other party and event. The URL is then conveyed to the other party via SMS. Upon reception of the URL by the other part, the data objects are automatically retrieved.  
      In another variant of the present invention, USSD or UUI (User-User Information) according to the GSM standard can be used to convey an URL instead of an SMS. In yet another variant, IP signaling between two UIs can be used for conveying the SMS instead of using SMS.  
      Sharing Event-Triggered, Location-Related Information Between Communication Devices  
      According to a variant of the present invention, the various systems and methods described herein may enable to delivery of event-triggered, location-related information of a first mobile device to a second mobile device, when the first and second mobile device users are in communication.  
       FIG. 24  illustrates a system  2400  depicting a first communication device A  2405 , a second communication device B  2410 , a data object server  2415 , and a data server D  2420 . In some embodiments, communication devices A  2405  and B  2410  may comprise any of the User Equipments (UE) described in this application, such as, for example, UE  100  of  FIG. 1 , and data object server  2415  may comprise any of the data object servers described herein, such as data object server  130  of  FIG. 1  or any of the Phone pages servers described herein.  
      In some embodiments, the various systems and methods described herein may enable the user of communication device B  2410  to receive phone pages that include data and information about the user of communication device A  2405 . In some embodiments, such data and information may comprise location-related data and information about the user of communication device, such as, for example, a graphical map indicating the location of the user of communication device A  2405 .  
      As shown, the users of communication devices A  2405  and B  2410  are in communication via a session or call. Such a communication may comprise a voice call (e.g., circuit or VoIP), instant message (IM) session, or any other modes of communication such as those described herein. In some embodiments, communication device A  2405  includes a module or application that is able to determine the geographic location of the user of communication device A  2405 . For example, in some embodiments, communication device A  2405  may include an embedded GPS receiver that is able to determine the position of the device autonomously or with aiding info from an external source via the communication channel. In another variant, the GPS receiver can make measurements that are sent to location server for the final calculation of the device&#39;s position. In some embodiments, such information may be determined by a location server (not shown) that is in communication with communication device A  2405 . In another variant, communication device B  2410  may be a stationary device whose location is determined by a module or application as described above, or alternately by direct input by the user (e.g., address). In the latter case, the user input may be interpreted or converted by an entity within or outside of the communication device (e.g., translation of the address to geographic coordinates).  
      In some embodiments, during the session or call with communication device B  2410 , a triggering event may occur at communication device A  2405 . In some embodiments, the identity of such event may be contained in a data object that is transmitted from communication device B  2410  to communication device A  2405  before or during the session or call. Such trigger may occur, for example, upon the occurrence of any of the following events or combinations thereof: 
          the establishment of a session or call with communication device B  2410      meeting the criteria or conditions of the event contained in a data object received from communication device B  2410      crossing a boundary that communication device A  2405  pre-configured prior to establishing the session or call (e.g., communication device A  2405  moves beyond a radius from the session or call origination point)     activation by the user of communication device A  2405  (e.g., an explicit     another trigger event could be: radio bearer change for multi-radio capable communication device (e.g., handover from one kind of bearer, such as, GSM, to another kind of bearer, such as, WiFi, WiMAX etc.)     other events such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,996,072        

      In some embodiments, on the trigger event, an application in communication device A  2405  may send a request to data object server C  2415  to provide a data object to communication device B  2410  containing information about the location of communication device A  2405 . The request to data object server C  2415  may include information related to the location of communication device A  2405 . In some embodiments, request to data object server C  2415  may include the identity of communication device B  2410 .  
      Each of the cases described above involve use of a server, either, C or both C and D. In some embodiments, however, the various features and functionality described herein may operate without the use of a server(s). For example, the communications devices A and B, for example, may store maps locally, and operate in: 
          1. Peer-to-peer mode: a protocol, such as the one developed by the National Marine Electronics Association, (NMEA) can be used to exchange the devices&#39; location information (latitude and longitude etc.) between two devices. Each device may display the locations of both devices on the locally stored map;     2. Client-server mode: Among the communication devices, one is acting as a server with maps locally stored, the other one (there might be a case of more than one client) will send its location information to the server device (via protocol like NMEA) the server device will map out locations of all devices and send the map with locations of all devices identified to the client devices        

      Upon receipt of the request, data object server C  2415  may create a data object and transfer it to communication device B  2410 . In some embodiments, the data object may comprise an image of a map identifying the location of communication device A  2405 . In some embodiments, the data object may contain a link to another server, such as data server D  2420 , for example, where the user of communication device B  2410  may retrieve the data object containing the location information. Upon receipt if the data object from data server C  2415 , or initiation of the link, communication device B  2410  may display the map.  
      In some embodiments, an event specified in a data object received from communication device A  2404  via data object server C  2415  may be used as a triggering event in response to which communication device B  2410  sends a data object to communication device A  2405 . For instance, many of the triggering events listed above can also be used in this manner.  
       FIG. 25  illustrates an embodiment of a method  2500  for sharing event-triggered, location-related information between mobile devices. As shown, at step  2510  a session or call between a first and second communication device is established. In some embodiments, the first communication device may look for at least one triggering event. In some embodiments, the at least one triggering event is sent from any device or is preconfigured by the user of the first communication device. At step  2515 , the first communication device may detect a triggering event. In some embodiments, the identity of such event may be contained in a data object that is transmitted from communication device B  2410  to communication device A  2405  before or during the session or call. In some embodiments, rather than receiving a defined triggering event from B, A may create one or more pre-configured triggering events, or there maybe some default triggering events set in the device. Also, in some embodiments, a device, such as A or B, for example, may respond to an “OR” of events.  
      At step  2520 , upon triggering of the event communication device A  2405  may transfer a request for a data object to a data server. In some embodiments, the request may include information about the location of communication device A  2405 . At step  2525 , the data object server may create the requested data object. At step  2530 , the data object server may transfer the data object to the second communication device  
       FIG. 26  illustrates an embodiment of a method  2600  for sharing event-triggered, location-related information between mobile devices. At step  2605 , a request for a data object is transferred from a first communication device to a data server. In some embodiments, the transfer takes place upon the occurrence of a triggering event at the first communication device. At step  2610 , the data object intended for rendering at the second communication devices is created. At step  2615 , the data object is transferred to the second communication device.  
      In some embodiments, the various features and functionality described above may be performed by a downloadable module or application that may be installed on a communication device, such as a mobile communication device, for example.  
      The invention is not restricted to the above described embodiments, but may be varied within the scope of the following claims.