Patent Publication Number: US-4056938-A

Title: Trench shoring assembly with rigid main frame support

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to trench shoring assemblies and, in particular to a type of trench shoring assembly known as a trench box which has a main frame. 
     A trench box is a type of trench shoring assembly used in excavation work when pipe is being laid. A typical trench box has two side walls spaced apart a fixed distance from each other by a plurality of spreader devices affixed to and perpendicular to each side wall. A fully assembled trench box is positioned in an excavated hole or trench and pipe is laid within a trench box, and after each length of pipe is laid the trench box is moved along the trench for laying the next length of pipe. The side walls keep the excavation area free from earth which may fall or cave into the excavated hole or trench before or during laying of the pipe. 
     Spreader devices are attached to the side walls in a variety of ways. One way which has been employed is to attach the spreader pipe to the inner skin or plate of a side wall. However, when this is done, any relative movement between the spreader devices and the side walls results in a sheering force between the spreader devices and the side walls. This sheering force, if great enough, will dislodge the spreader devices from the side walls thereby necessitating costly repairs to reattach the spreader devices to the wide walls and to repair the side wall itself. 
     The subject trench shoring assembly eliminates the sheering force which develops between the spreader device and the side walls by providing a different method of attaching the spreader device to the side wall. 
     In accordance with the subject invention, there is provided a trench shoring assembly of the type which includes a pair of spaced wall means interconnected by a connecting means with the wall means including a plurality of interconnected structural members which define a main frame. The connecting means includes a support means which is rigidly secured to the main frame and spreader devices. The support means is adapted to be connected to the spreader devices for transferring forces from the spreader devices directly to the main frame. The support means includes collar means and backing plate means. The collar means is adapted to be connected to the spreader devices and the backing plate means rigidly secures the collar means to the main frame whereby a force applied to the collar means is transferred to the backing plate means and, in turn, to the main frame. 
     A top member of the interconnected structural members extends longitudinally along the top of the wall means. The wall means includes ribbed members which extend perpendicularly to the top member and which are interconnected by a strip member intermediate the ends of the ribbed members. 
    
    
     Other advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view partially broken away and in cross section of a trench shoring assembly constructed in accordance with the subject invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a front view of the trench shoring assembly showing relative movement between the side walls and the connecting means in phantom; 
     FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view partially broken away and in cross section showing the interconnection between a spreader pipe and a support means; 
     FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view taken substantially along line 4-4 of FIG. 3 and particularly showing the elongated slot formed in the spreader pipe; 
     FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing the lower extremity of a side wall; 
     FIG. 6 is a front view of a ring member or lifting ring; 
     FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view showing lug means interconnecting a set of stacked side walls; 
     FIG. 8 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the lifting rings attached to the connecting means for lifting the trench shoring assembly; 
     FIG. 9 is a fragmentary end view of the bottom end of a side wall showing a guard means disposed on the end of the lower extremity of the wall means; and 
     FIG. 10 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional, side view of the guard means of FIG. 9 disposed on the end of the lower extremity of the wall means. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring now to the drawings, a trench shoring assembly or trench box assembly constructed in accordance with the subject invention is generally shown at 10 in FIGS. 1 and 2. The trench box assembly 10 includes a pair of identically constructed spaced wall means or side walls each generally indicated at 12. The side walls 12 are disposed vertically within a trench to prevent cave-in of the side walls of the trench or hole as pipe is laid between the side walls 12. 
     The trench box assembly 10 also includes connecting means generally shown at 14 for allowing limited pivotal movement between the side walls 12. The limited pivotal movement allowed between the side walls 12 is illustrated in phantom in FIG. 2. The connecting means 14 includes support means generally shown at 16 which are rigidly attached to each of the side walls 12. Spreader means comprising the cylindrical spreader device or pipes 18 extend between the support means 16 and space the side walls 12 apart. 
     As illustrated in FIG. 1, each side wall 12 is defined by interconnected structural members which define a main frame generally indicated at 20. Many of the structural members defining the frame 20 are hollow metal beams generally rectangular in cross section with rounded corners. One of the hollow structural metal beams is a top beam 22 which extends longitudinally along the top of each side wall 12. A force transferring means such as a hardwood insert 24 is disposed within the top beam 22 for preventing the collapse of the top beam 22. When the trench box assembly 10 is placed in a trench, the top of the side walls 12 are pounded to drive the side walls into the earth. The hardwood insert 24, which could be made of other equivalent materials, prevents the collapse of the top beam 22 and transfers such forces to the remaining frame members. 
     The frame 20 further includes vertical hollow beams 26 which extend perpendicularly to and are connected to the top beam 22 and transfer the above-described pounding forces to the lower structural members. The frame also includes the solid ribbed plate members or ribbed members generally shown at 28 and which also extend perpendicularly to and are connected to the top beam 22. The ribbed plate member 28 provides additional structural support to the side walls 12 and are optional. Each ribbed plate member 28 includes a vertically extending ribbed portion 30 extending perpendicularly to the top beam 22 and a flanged portion 32 extending perpendicularly from the ribbed portion 30. A metal strip member 34 is attached by welding to the flanged portions 32 of adjacent ribbed members 28 to interconnect the ribbed members 28. The strip member 34 is also welded to the vertical beams 26. 
     A metal plate means is connected to the frame 20 at its inner and outer face. More particularly, the metal plate means includes one or more outer metal plates 36 and one or more inner metal plates 38 welded to the structural members of the frame 20, thereby rendering the interior of a side wall 12 airtight. 
     The strip member 34 which is disposed approximately midway between the ends of the ribbed members 28, provides a greater surface area to which the upper inner metal plate 38 may be welded. 
     The frame 20 also includes intermediate horizontally extending beam members 40. The intermediate beam members 40 extend parallel to the top beam 22 and perpendicular to the vertical beams 26 to provide added structural strength to the frame 20. The ends of the side walls 12 are defined by vertically disposed hollow beam members generally shown at 39 which extend from the top of each side wall 12 to the top of the triangular bottom portion or lower extremity. These vertical structural members 39 are also generally rectangular in cross section and have rounded corners. The metal plates 36 and 38 are welded to the side of the vertical structural member 39, the edge of the metal plates 36 and 38 being disposed rearwardly from the end face 41 of the vertical structural member 39 as shown in FIG. 10. 
     As seen in cross section in FIG. 5, each side wall 12 has a tapered bottom portion which defines a triangularly shaped pointed lower extremity. This pointed lower extremity extends between the ends of the side walls 12. One of the structural members of the main frame 20 is a horizontally extending bottom beam member 42 which extends horizontally along the bottom of the side wall 12 and above the triangularly shaped pointed lower extremity. A portion of the lower outer metal plate 36 extends vertically downwardly from the horizontally extending bottom beam member 42 and forms one side of the triangularly shaped pointed lower extremity. The bottom extremity of the lower inner metal plate 38 is bent inwardly to define the other side of the triangularly shaped lower extremity to thereby complete the triangular shape. 
     The trench box assembly 10 further includes guard means, such as corner shoes generally shown at 43 in FIGS. 1 and 2, which are disposed at each of the bottom corners or ends of the side walls 12. The corner shoes 13 are disposed at and encase each of the bottom ends of the side walls 12 thereby providing these bottom ends with protection against abrasion. The corner shoes 43 are made of cast or forged metal to provide the necessary durability to resist wear, as these corner ends of the side wall 12 often receive the greatest amount of wear due to dragging the trench box assembly 10 over rough surfaces such as gravel. The corner shoes 43 are comprised of a triangular member having a triangular front face 44 and side flanges 46 which extend rearwardly from the front face 44 along two sides of the front face 44. The two side flanges 46 come together at the bottom of the corner shoe to form a knife-like cutting edge to allow the lower extremity of the trench box assembly 10 to be more easily positioned into the ground. The side flanges 46 are disposed in overlapping relationship to the metal plates 36 and 38 and are disposed exteriorly of the metal plates 36 and 38. The corner shoes 43 are welded to the vertical beam 39 and the metal plates 36 and 38. 
     Instead of corner shoes 43, the guard means may comprise an end gusset such as that generally shown at 48 in FIGS. 9 and 10. The end gusset 48 also includes a triangular front face or wall 44&#39; and side flanges 46&#39; which extend rearwardly from the front face 44&#39; along two sides of the end gusset 48. The side flanges 46&#39; of the end gussets 48 are disposed in overlapping relationship with the metal plates 36 and 38 and the side flanges 46&#39; are disposed interiorly of the metal plates 36 and 38. The end gussets 48 also include a tongue 49 extending upwardly from the front wall 44&#39; for overlapping the lower end of the adjacent vertical beam 39. 
     The end gusset 48 has a threaded hole 50 through the front face or wall 44&#39;, the hole 50 being in fluid communication with the interior of the side wall 12. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 removable plug means comprising a plug 52 is threadedly disposed in the hole 50 to prevent the flow of any fluid through the hole 50. The side walls 12 are fabricated so as to be watertight, however, they may, after wear and tear, leak. As alluded to above, both the corner shoes 43 and the end gussets 48 are welded in watertight relationship to the vertical beams 39 and the metal plates 36 and 38. If water leaks into the side wall 12, the plug 52 may be removed to enable the water to drain out through the hole 50. The end gusset 48 is provided with a raised boss 54 at the back surface of the front face 44&#39; and the hole 50 extends through the boss 54 to establish fluid communication with the interior of the side wall 12. 
     An abrasion protection means or metallic bar 56 is disposed at the pointed lower extremity of the side walls 12 and extends between the ends of the side wall 12. The metallic bar 56 protects the bottom of the side wall 12 against abrasion and preferably comprises &#34;Suralloy 500&#34; and 8630 modified steel. A plurality of triangularly shaped gusset plates, generally shown at 58, are horizontally spaced along the lower extremity and extend downwardly from the horizontally extending bottom beam member 42 to a pointed lower end. The pointed lower end of each gusset plate 58 has a notch 60 formed therein in which the metallic bar 56 is disposed. The gusset plates 58 are welded to and hold the metallic bar 56 at a number of positions along the lower extremity of the side wall 12 and the metallic bar 56 is also welded to and disposed between the outer metal plate 36 and the inner metal plate 38. 
     As described above, each side wall 12 includes interconnected structural members which define a main frame 20. The support means 16 is rigidly secured to the main frame 20 and is adapted to be connected to the spreader pipes 18 for transferring forces from the spreader pipes 18 directly to the main frame 20. The support means 16 includes a collar means or tubular spreader collar 62 and a backing plate means generally indicated at 64 in FIG. 1. The spreader collars 62 extend from the side walls 12 and are adapted to be connected to the spreader pipes 18, the spreader pipes 18 extending between a pair of opposed tubular spreader collars 62. The backing plate means 64 rigidly secures the spreader collars 62 to the main frame 20 whereby forces applied to the spreader collars 62 are transferred directly to the main frame 20. The backing plate means 64 includes a U-shaped member having a front wall 66 and spaced side flanges 68 which extend rearwardly from the front wall 66. The spreader collar 62 is welded to the front wall 66 and the side flanges 68 are welded to the main frame 20. The side flanges 68 extend rearwardly from the front member 66 along the top and bottom sides of the front wall 66. The upper side flange 68 of the upper U-shaped member adjacent the top beam 22 is welded to the front wall 66 and extends rearwardly. The side flanges 68 are rigidly secured to the main frame 20 and, in particular, to the verticle beam 39 and one of the verticle beams 26 by welding. The backing plate means 64 further includes rib means comprising plates or support ribs 70 which extend vertically between and are welded to the side flanges 68 for maintaining the position of the side flanges 68 relative to each other as shown in FIG. 1. The edge of walls 66 and the flanges 68 are welded to the beam members of the frame 20. By providing so many welding points the U-shaped member and, consequently, the entire support means 16, is rigidly secured to the side wall 12 at its main frame 20. The structural members or beams 22, 26 and 40, to which at least the outer plates 36 are welded, extend from the plates 36 so that the beam members define a network with spaces therebetween and have a depth along each side of each beam which extends outwardly from the outer plates 36. The side flanges 68 extend along the sides of the structural beam members through the depth thereof and are welded thereto to provide the increased structural strength for transmitting the loads from the spreader pipe 18 directly to the framework. 
     The ends of the spreader pipes 18 overlap a portion of the spreader collars 62 as best illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. The connecting means 14 includes a slot means generally indicated at 72 extending through the overlapping portions of the spreader pipes 18 and the spreader collars 62 as best illustrated in FIG. 4. Pin means generally indicated at 74 extend through the slot means 72 and attach the spreader pipes 18 to the spreader collars 62. As shown in FIG. 4, the slot means 72 is larger in part than the pin means 74 and allows the relative pivotal movement between the spreader collars 62 and the spreader pipes 18. In other words, the pin means 74 is allowed to move unencumbered to a limited extent along the slot means 72 in allowing the relative pivotal movement between the spreader pipes 18 and spreader collars 62. The slot means 72 includes a hole 76 extending through each spreader collar 62 and an elongated slot 78 which extends through the spreader pipes 18. The pin means 74 extend through both holes 76 and elongated slots 78 and thereby attaches the spreader pipes 18 to the spreader collars 62. 
     A brace means comprising a pair of horizontally spaced structural beams or plates 80 shown in FIG. 2 rigidly interconnect two adjacent spreader pipes 18. The plates 80 which extend vertically between the vertically spaced spreader pipes 18 are provided because the limited pivotal movement between the spreader pipes 18 and the spreader collars 62 causes the spreader pipes 18 to act as levers to produce a bending action on the spreader collars 62 which could break the spreader collars 62 off their respective backing plate means 64. The plates 80 tie two spreader pipes 18 together, the tied together spreader pipes 18 thereby exerting a straight pull or push action on the corresponding spreader collars 62 and not a bending action. 
     As shown in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 8, lifting means comprising closed loop ring members generally shown at 82 are supported by the spreader pipes 18 and are provided for lifting the trench box assembly 10 upon being connected to a raising means such as a hook on a cable extending from a crane. The ring members 82 are slidably supported by the spreader pipes 18 so that the ring members 82 may be positioned at a number of positions along the spreader pipes 18. As can be best seen in FIG. 6, the ring members 82 include a large radius portion 84 which engages the spreader pipe 18 and a smaller radius portion 86 which may be connected to the hook on a cable extending from the crane. Each of the ring members 82 may be formed by bending a metal rod into the configuration shown until its ends 88 overlap. The overlapping ends 88 are welded together. These overlapping ends 88 are disposed along the large radius portion 84. 
     As previously noted, the pin means 74 interconnects the spreader pipes 18 and the spreader collars 62. The pin means 74 also limits the movement of the ring members 82 by only permitting the ring members 82 to move between themselves and their corresponding adjacent side wall 12 along the spreader pipes 18. 
     FIG. 7 shows a second box assembly, generally shown at 90, stacked upon the identical trench box assembly 10. Lug means such as a plurality of flanges generally shown at 92 extend from the top-most spreader pipe 18 for attachment to mating lug means such as mating flanges 94 whcih extend from a cylindrical spreader pipe 96 of a second connecting means. The second connecting means is associated with a second pair of side walls generally shown at 98, only one of which is shown in FIG. 7. The flanges 92 have holes 100 therethrough for receiving locking pins 102 to interconnect the flanges 92 with the mating flanges 94 when the flanges 92 and 94 are aligned, the mating flanges 94 having holes 103 therethrough to also receive the locking pins 102. The flanges 92 include a pair of closely spaced flanges while the mating flanges 94 comprise a single flange 94 which is disposed between the closely spaced flanges 92. The locking pin 102 extends through the closely spaced flanges 92 and the single flange 94 to interconnect the flanges and, thereby interconnect the stacked trench box assemblies 10 and 90 at spreader pipes 18 and 96 respectively. 
     The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the terminology which has been used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation. 
     Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.