Patent Publication Number: US-11020636-B2

Title: Golf club head

Description:
BACKGROUND ART 
     Field of the Disclosure 
     The present disclosure relates to a golf club head. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Conventionally, various techniques that optimize center of gravity positions of golf club heads have been proposed (e.g., see the Patent Document 1 below). 
     Patent Document 
     [Patent document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication 2009-240653 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Golf club heads having a hollow therein, especially golf club heads called as fairway wood and hybrid which have many opportunities to strike a ball placed on the ground directly have been required to have a low sweet spot height in order to maximize golfer&#39;s distance. It may be thought to design a golf club head with shallow center of gravity by providing a thick walled portion nearby the face portion on the sole of the golf club head, allocating much weight to the face portion side. This is because making the center of gravity of the club head shallow lowers the sweet spot due to the structure of the head. Unfortunately, such a golf club head has high stiffness of the sole nearby the face portion, thus interfering elastic deflection of the sole upon striking a ball, resulting in a new problem that deteriorates repulsion performance. 
     The present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances and has a major object to provide a golf club head capable of improving repulsion performance while lowering sweet spot. 
     In one aspect of the disclosure, a golf club head having a hollow therein, the golf club head includes a face portion, and a sole portion including a toe-side thick walled portion formed on a toe-side thereof, a heel-side thick walled portion formed on a heel-side thereof, and a middle thin walled portion formed between the toe-side thick walled portion and the heel-side thick walled portion, at least a part of the toe-side thick walled portion and at least a part of the heel-side thick walled portion being located on the face portion side with respect to a club head center of gravity, the middle thin walled portion having a thickness smaller than a thickness of the toe-side thick walled portion and a thickness of the heel-side thick walled portion, wherein the sole portion is provided with a toe-side through hole piercing the sole portion between the toe-side thick walled portion and the middle thin walled portion and a heel-side through hole piercing the sole portion between the heel-side thick walled portion and the middle thin walled portion. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, the toe-side through hole may haves a length in in a front-back direction of the club head greater than a width thereof in a toe-heel direction of the club head. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, the toe-side through hole may have a length in a front-back direction of the club head greater than a length in a front-back direction of the toe-side thick walled portion. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, the heel-side through hole may have a length in a front-back direction of the club head greater than a width thereof in a toe-heel direction of the club head. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, the heel-side through hole may have a length in a front-back direction of the club head greater than a length in a front-back direction of the heel-side thick walled portion. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, the thickness of the toe-side thick walled portion and the thickness of the heel-side thick walled portion may be greater than 2.0 mm. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, the thickness of the middle thin walled portion may be equal to or less than 2.0 mm. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, at least a part of the middle thin walled portion may be provided in a region that has a 50% length of a maximum club head length in a front-back direction of the club head from a leading edge of the club head. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, the toe-side thick walled portion may be provided with a toe-side projected portion extending toward a heel side of the club head without contacting with an inner surface of the sole portion. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, in a bottom view of the club head, the toe-side projected portion may extend so as to overlap with the toe-side through hole at least partially. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, the heel-side thick walled portion may be provided with a heel-side projected portion extending toward a toe side of the club head without contacting with an inner surface of the sole portion. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, in a bottom view of the club head, the heel-side projected portion may extend so as to overlap with the heel-side through hole at least partially. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, the middle thin walled portion may be provided with one or more recessed grooves extending in a toe-heel direction of the club head. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, the golf club head may have a loft angle of 13 to 35 degrees, and a sweet spot height equal to or less than 25 mm. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a golf club head according to one embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a front view of the golf club head in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view taken along lines III-III of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a bottom view of the golf club head according to the embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view taken along lines V-V of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view taken along VI-VI of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of a variation taken along lines VI-VI of  FIG. 5 : 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of another variation taken along lines VI-VI of  FIG. 5 : 
         FIG. 9  is a plan view of a sole portion according to another variation: 
         FIG. 10  is a plan view of the sole portion according to another variation; 
         FIG. 11  is a plan view of the sole portion according to another variation; and 
         FIG. 12  is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along lines A-A of  FIG. 11 . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     Note that the same elements or parts are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout the embodiments, and that redundant description of already described elements is omitted. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of a golf club head (hereinafter, simply referred to as “head”)  1  according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 2  illustrates a front view of the head  1 .  FIG. 3  illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along lines III-III of  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 4  illustrates a bottom view of the head  1 . 
     [Reference State of Head] 
     In  FIGS. 1 to 4 , the head  1  is placed under its reference state. The reference state is such a state in which the head  1  is placed on a horizontal plane HP at its loft angle θ ( FIG. 3 ) and lie angle α ( FIG. 2 ) with respect to the horizontal plane HP. Additionally, in the reference state, a club shaft center line CL of the head  1  is located within a vertical plane VP. The club shaft center line CL is defined as the center line of a shaft insertion hole  6   a  provided on a hosel portion  6  of the head  1 . As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the head  1  shall be under the reference state. 
     [Coordinate System of Head] 
     As used herein, an x-y-z coordinate system is defined on the head  1 . The x-axis is an axis parallel with the horizontal plane HP and orthogonal to the vertical plane VP. The y-axis is an axis parallel with both vertical plane VP and horizontal plane HP. The z-axis is an axis orthogonal to both x and y axes. Additionally, as to the head  1 , the front-back direction means a direction parallel to the x-axis, the toe-heel direction means a direction parallel with the y-axis, and the up-down direction means a direction parallel to the z-axis. Note that as to the front-back direction, the front means the face portion  2  side, and the back means the opposite side thereto. 
     [Basic Configuration of Head] 
     The head  1  according to the present embodiment is provided therein with a hollow (i). Additionally, the head  1  according to the present embodiment is configured as a golf club head that is suitable for striking a ball placed directly on the ground. As such an example, fairway wood or hybrid may be preferred. These types of head typically may have a loft angle β of 13 to 35 degrees, head volume of about 85 to 250 cc, head weight of about 190 to 240 g, and a maximum length L (shown in  FIG. 3 ) in the front-back direction of 45 to 100 mm. 
     Fairway wood, for example, may include a spoon (#3), a buff (#4), a creek (#5), other woods (#7 and #9) and the like. Hybrids are well known in the art, for example, as having an intermediate shape between wood-type heads and iron-type heads. 
     The head  1  includes the face portion  2 , a crown portion  3  and a sole portion  4  so as to define the hollow (i). 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the hollow (i), for example, may be used as a void space as it is, or a gel agent for weight adjustment may be placed in part of it. 
     The face portion  2  is for striking a ball, and is formed on the front side of the head  1 . The face portion  2  has a striking face  2   a  that comes into contact with a ball directly. The striking face  2   a  may be provided with one or more grooves (not illustrated) extending in the toe-heel direction which may be called as face lines. 
     The crown portion  3  extends backwardly from an upper edge of the face portion  2  to form an upper face of the head  1 . In a heel side of the crown portion  3 , the above-mentioned hosel portion  6  is formed. The hosel portion  6  has the shaft insertion hole  6   a  to which a golf club shaft (not shown) is attached. 
     The sole portion  4  extends backwardly from a lower edge of the face portion  2  to form a bottom face of the head  1 . As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the sole portion  4 , for example, has a curved surface shape that is curved to be convex toward the bottom face of the head  1 . 
     In the present embodiment, the face portion  2 , the crown portion  3  and the sole portion  4 , for example, are made of metal material. As the metal material, various metal materials, e.g., stainless steels, maraging steel, titanium alloys, magnesium alloy, aluminum alloys and the like may be preferable. In another aspect, a part of the head  1  (for example, the crown portion  3 ) may be made of a non-metallic material such as fiber reinforced plastic and the like. 
     [Toe-Side Thick Walled Portion and Heel-Side Thick Walled Portion] 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a cross-sectional view taken long lines V-V of  FIG. 2 , and  FIG. 6  illustrates a cross-sectional view taken long lines VI-VI of  FIG. 5 . As illustrated in  FIG. 4 to 6 , the sole portion  4  includes a toe-side thick walled portion  10  formed on a toe-side of the sole portion  4 , a heel-side thick walled portion  12  formed on a heel-side of the sole portion  4 , and a middle thin walled portion  14  formed between the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 . 
     In the present embodiment, the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12  are formed by increasing thicknesses of the respective regions of the sole portion  4 . Additionally, the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12  are formed so as to raise toward the hollow (i) side of the head  1 . In another aspect, the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12  may be formed so as to raise toward outwardly of the head  1 . 
     In the present embodiment, the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12  are made of the same metal material as with the other portion of the sole portion  4 . In another aspect, the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and/or the heel-side thick walled portion  12  may be formed of a material different from a major metal material forming the sole portion  4 . In this aspect, the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and/or the heel-side thick walled portion  12  may be fixed to an inner or outer surface of the sole portion  4  through various coupling means. 
     As apparent from  FIG. 3  and  FIG. 5 , at least a part of the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and at least a part of the heel-side thick walled portion  12  are located on the face portion  2  side with respect to the club head center of gravity G. Thus, the weight near the face portion  2  of the sole portion  4  increases, providing a shallower club head center of gravity G. In such a head  1 , since the height H of the sweet spot SS is lowered, a hit point and the sweet spot SS become closer when striking a ball, resulting in improving repulsion performance of the head  1 . Additionally, such a head  1  can reduce back spin of hit ball and increase the flight distance. As used herein, the sweet spot SS is the point where the normal drawn from the club head center of gravity G to the striking face  2   a  intersects the striking face  2   a.    
     In the present embodiment, although the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 , for example, are located on the face portion  2  side with respect to the club head center of gravity G as a whole, it is not particularly limited to such an aspect. Alternatively, in one of or both of the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 , a part thereof may be located backwardly of the club head center of gravity G. In this case, the respective center of gravities of the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12  are preferably located on the face portion  2  side with respect to the club head center of gravity G. 
     [Middle Thin Walled Portion] 
     The middle thin walled portion  14  is provided between the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 , and has a smaller thickness than the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 . Thus, the middle thin walled portion  14  can reduce stiffness of a middle region of the sole portion  4  in the toe-heel direction, and thereby it can deflect (elastic deflection) easily when striking a ball. 
     [Toe-Side Through Hole and Heel-Side Through Hole] 
     In the head  1  according to the present embodiment, the sole portion  4  is provided with a toe-side through hole  20  piercing the sole portion  4  between the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the middle thin walled portion  14 . Additionally, the sole portion  4  is provided with a heel-side through hole  22  piercing the sole portion  4  between the heel-side thick walled portion  12  and the middle thin walled portion  14 . 
     Generally, the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 , which are the weight parts for obtaining shallow club head center of gravity G, have higher rigidity than the middle thin walled portion  14 . Therefore, if the middle thin walled portion  14  is continuously connected to the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 , deflection (elastic deflection) of the middle thin walled portion  14  when striking a ball may be hindered by the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 . 
     In the present embodiment, due to the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22 , a part of the middle thin walled portion  14  is separated from the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 . Thus, the middle thin walled portion  14 , when striking a ball, can include a portion which can deflect flexibly without receiving an influence of high stiffness of the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 . Therefore, the head  1  according to the present embodiment can improve repulsion performance thereof by providing the sole portion  4  with a deflection mechanism while offering lower sweet spot SS. 
     Here, although the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  are provided adjacent to the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 , respectively, as shown in  FIG. 6 , the disclosure is not limited to such an embodiment. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  may be provided at a distance d away from the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 , respectively. Even in this aspect, since the middle thin walled portion  14  located between the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  is separated from the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 , the middle thin wall portion  14  can deflect flexibly when striking a ball. 
     On the other hand, if the distance d increases, the effect of improving the repulsion performance may not be sufficiently expected. From such a viewpoint, the distanced, for example, is equal to or less than 10.0 mm, preferably equal to or less than 5.0 mm. 
     It is desirable that the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  may be closed by closing members  50  to prevent foreign matter from entering the hollow (i) of the head  1 . In this case, as the closing member  50 , a nonmetallic elastic material that does not substantially increase stiffness of the sole portion  4  is desirable. As such a member, for example, a cap-shaped material made of rubber or resin, a cured product such as a gel in a fluid state, and the like. 
     [Preferable Thicknesses of Thick and Thin Walled Portions] 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and/or the heel-side thick walled portion  12 , for example, may have a thickness t 1  greater than 2.0 mm, preferably equal to or more than 3.0 mm, more preferably equal to or more than 4.0 mm. Thus, more weight is distributed near the face portion  2 , which helps to provide shallower club head center of gravity G. 
     The upper limit of the thickness t 1  of the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and/or the heel-side thick walled portion  12  is not particularly limited. In order to prevent a significant increase in the head weight, the thickness t may be set equal to or less than 10.0 mm. 
     Here, the thickness t 1  of the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and/or the heel-side thick walled portion  12  is a thickness measured in a vertical direction to an outer surface of sole portion  4 . Further, the thickness t 1  of the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12  may be the same or different. 
     Preferably, the middle thin walled portion  14 , for example, has a thickness t 2  equal to or less than 2.0 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 1.5 mm. Thus, when striking a ball, the middle thin walled portion  14  can deflect more flexibly, improving repulsion performance of the head  1 . From the viewpoint to ensure durability of the sole portion  4 , the thickness t 2  of the middle thin walled portion  14 , for example, equal to or greater than 0.5 mm. 
     Note that the thickness t 2  of the middle thin walled portion  14  is a thickness measured in a vertical direction to an outer surface of sole portion  4 . Further, the thickness t 2  of the middle thin walled portion  14  may be constant or vary. 
     [Preferable Aspect of Toe-Side and Heel-Side Through Holes] 
     The contour shapes of the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  are not particularly limited, but various shapes such as a square, a circle, an ellipse, and an oval can be adopted, for example. As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , in some preferred embodiments, each of the toe-side through hole  20  and/or the heel-side through hole  22  has a length GL thereof in in a front-back direction greater than a width GW thereof in the toe-heel direction. In such an embodiment, while maintaining durability of the sole portion  4 , deflection of the middle thin walled portion  14  when striking a ball greatly expands in the front-back direction, resulting in improving repulsion performance of the head  1  further. 
     The width GW of the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  in the toe-heel direction is not particularly limited, but various dimensions can be adopted. In some preferred embodiment, in order to enhance the above effects, the width GW of the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  is preferably equal to or greater than 2.0 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 3.0 mm. On the other hand, when the width GW becomes excessively large, durability of the sole portion  4  tends to deteriorate. From this viewpoint, the width GW is preferably equal to or less than 6.0 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 5.0 mm. In the present embodiment, the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  both have a slit-shaped extending in the front-back direction with a constant width. 
     A length GL of the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  in the front-back direction is not particularly limited, but various dimensions can be adopted. In some preferred embodiment, the length of the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  is preferably equal to or greater than 10 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 15 mm. On the other hand, when the length GL becomes excessively large, durability of the sole portion  4  tends to deteriorate. From this viewpoint, the length GL is preferably equal to or less than 40 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 30 mm. 
     In some more preferred embodiment, the length GL of the toe-side through hole  20  may be configured to be greater than a length of the toe-side thick walled portion  10  in the front-back direction. Similarly, the length GL of the heel-side through hole  22  may be configured to be greater than a length of the heel-side thick walled portion  12  in the front-back direction. In such an embodiment, the middle thin walled portion  14  is separated from the respective thick walled portions  10  and  12  over the entire ranges in the front-back direction. Thus, elastic deflection of the middle thin walled portion  14  when striking a ball may greatly expanded over the front-back direction thereof, resulting in improving repulsion performance of the head  1  further. 
     [Location of Middle Thin Walled Portion] 
     In order to improve repulsion performance of the head  1 , it is necessary to make the sole portion  4  flexible. At that time, it is important to make a portion of the sole portion  4  closer to the face portion  2  more flexible. From these viewpoints, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , at least a part of the middle thin walled portion  14  is preferably provided in a region X that has a 50% length of the maximum club head length L in the front-back direction of the head from a leading edge Le of the head  1 . In such an embodiment, repulsion performance of the head  1  can further be improved. 
     [Variations of Toe-Side and Heel-Side Thick Walled Portions] 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a cross-sectional view corresponding to a position taken along lines VI-VI of  FIG. 5  as another embodiment of the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 . In this embodiment, the toe-side thick walled portion  10  is provided with a toe-side projected portion  30  extending toward a heel side of the head  1  without contacting with an inner surface  4   i  of the sole portion  4 . The toe-side projected portion  30  extends so as to form a gap between the inner surface  4   i  of the sole portion  4  and the toe-side projected portion  30 . Similarly, the heel-side thick walled portion  12  is provided with a heel-side projected portion  32  extending toward a toe side of the head  1  without contacting with the inner surface  4   i  of the sole portion  4 . The heel-side projected portion  32  also extends so as to form a gap between the inner surface  4   i  of the sole portion  4  and the heel-side projected portion  32 . 
     The above embodiment can allocate more weight near the face portion  2  without increasing stiffness of the middle thin walled portion  14 . Additionally, the toe-side projected portion  30  and the heel-side projected portion  32  can allocate more weight to a low location near the face portion  2  without increasing thicknesses of the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12  excessively. Thus, this embodiment can improve repulsion performance of the head  1  while lowering the sweet spot SS. 
     In some preferred embodiments, in a bottom view of the head, the toe-side projected portion  30  extends so as to overlap with the toe-side through hole  20  at least partially, more preferably overlapping with the entire region of toe-side through hole  20 . Similarly, in a bottom view of the head, the heel-side projected portion  32  extends so as to overlap with the heel-side through hole  22 , more preferably overlapping with the entire region of the heel-side through hole  22 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 8 , when attaching closing members  50  from an outer surface side of the head  1  to the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22 , the toe-side projected portion  30  and the heel-side projected portion  32  can support the closing members  50  from the hollow (i) side of the head  1 . Thus, in this embodiment, the closing members  50  can be prevented from dropping to the hollow (i) side effectively. 
     Further, in the above embodiment, in other words, the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  may be provided closer to bases of the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 , respectively. Thus, a formation area of the middle thin walled portion  14  can expand in the toe-heel direction, helping to deflect the sole portion  4  more flexibly. 
     [Other Variations] 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a plan view of the sole portion  4  as a variation of the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22 . In this embodiment, in a plan view of the head, the toe-side through hole  20  extends backwardly of the head with an inclination to the toe-side. Further, in a plan view of the head, the heel-side through hole  22  extends backwardly of the head with an inclination to the heel-side. Furthermore, the middle thin walled portion  14  is configured to have a width in the toe-heel direction increasing (e.g., gradually or continuously) backwardly of the head. In such an embodiment, a flexible deflection area of the sole portion  4  upon striking a ball is expanded backwardly of the head, helping to improve repulsion performance of the head  1  further. In this embodiment, the toe-side thick walled portion  10  and the heel-side thick walled portion  12 , in a plan view of the head, each are configured to have a semicircular shape. However, those shapes are not limited to such an aspect but can be modified to various aspects. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a plan view of the sole portion  4  as another variation of the toe-side through hole  20 , the heel-side through hole  22  and the middle thin walled portion  14 . In this embodiment, the contour shapes of the toe-side through hole  20  and the heel-side through hole  22  have been determined such that a toe-side edge  14   a  or a heel-side edge  14   b  of the middle thin walled portion  14  is recessed toward the center of the head (the club head center of gravity G side). In such an embodiment, the middle thin walled portion  14  becomes more flexible when striking a ball, helping to improve repulsion performance of the head  1  further. 
       FIG. 11  and  FIG. 12  illustrates another variation of the middle thin walled portion  14 .  FIG. 11  is a plan view of the sole portion  4 , and  FIG. 12  is a partial cross-sectional view taken along lines A-A of  FIG. 11 . As illustrated in  FIG. 11  and  FIG. 12 , the middle thin walled portion  14  is provided with one or more recessed grooves  60  extending in the toe-heel direction of the head  1 . Such recessed grooves  60  make it easy for the middle thin walled portion  14  to deflect even in the front-back direction of the head  1  when striking a ball, improving repulsion performance of the head  1  further. 
     In this embodiment, a plurality of recessed grooves  60  is provided, but only a single recessed groove may be provided. 
     Additionally, in this embodiment, a cross-sectional shape of the recessed grooves  60  is substantially rectangular, but other shapes such as a semicircle, a sine wave, or a triangle may be employed. 
     In this embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the middle thin walled portion  14 , as a whole, is curved to be convex toward outside the head  1 . Such a middle thin walled portion  14  is easy to deflect so as to make its radius of curvature R small at the time of striking a ball, helping to improve repulsion performance of the head  1 . In some other embodiments, contrary to the embodiment of  FIG. 12 , the middle thin walled portion  14  may be curved so as to be convex toward the hollow (i) side of the head  1 . 
     While the particularly preferred embodiments in accordance with the disclosure have been described in detail above, the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments but can be modified and carried out in various aspects within the scope of the disclosure.