Patent Publication Number: US-10313169-B2

Title: System and method for high efficiency wireless local area network communications

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM AND CROSS-REFERENCE 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 14/538,087 filed Nov. 11, 2014, titled “System and Method for High Efficiency Wireless Local Area Network Communications,” which claims the benefit of the following provisionally filed U.S. Patent application: Application Ser. No. 61/903,134, filed Nov. 12, 2013, and titled “System and Method for High Efficiency Wireless Local Area Network Communications,” which applications are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a system and method for wireless communications, and, in particular embodiments, to a system and method for high efficiency wireless local area network communications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In 2013, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) formed the IEEE 802.11 high efficiency wireless local area network (WLAN) (HEW) study group in order to enhance the efficiency and performance of WLAN deployments. The HEW study group is considering the improvement of spectrum efficiency to enhance the system throughput/area in high density scenarios of access points (APs) and/or stations (STAs). However, legacy devices may not be able to utilize the new features. Therefore, it may be desirable to have systems and methods for allowing both legacy devices and HEW compliant devices to both communicate in the same wireless network. 
     SUMMARY 
     In an embodiment, a method in a network component for transmitting a frame of two different fast Fourier transform (FFT) sizes includes generating a frame, wherein the frame comprises orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in two different FFT sizes, wherein the frame comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion comprises a first FFT size and the second portion comprises a second FFT size; and transmitting the frame during a single transmission opportunity. 
     In an embodiment, a wirelessly enabled network component includes a processor and a computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to: generate a frame, wherein the frame comprises orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in two different FFT sizes, wherein the frame comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion comprises a first FFT size and the second portion comprises a second FFT size; and transmit the frame during a single transmission opportunity. 
     In an embodiment, a wireless system includes a transmitter; and a processor coupled to the transmitter, wherein the processor is configured to generate a frame, wherein the frame comprises orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in two different FFT sizes, wherein the frame comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion comprises a first FFT size and the second portion comprises a second FFT size, and wherein the processor is further configured to cause the transmitter to transmit the frame during a single transmission opportunity. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a network for communicating data; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates various IEEE 802.11 architectures; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a mixed OFDMA frame format with a HEW-data portion having a numerology that may be different from the legacy WLAN portion; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a mixed OFDMA frame format with STBC based frame control symbols; 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for generating a frame with a mixed OFDMA frame format; 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for decoding a frame that includes a mixed OFDMA frame format; 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for decoding with a legacy wireless device a frame that includes a mixed OFDMA frame format that includes a first portion of a frame in a first FFT size or numerology format and a second portion of the frame in a second FFT size or numerology format; and 
         FIG. 8  is a block diagram of a processing system that may be used for implementing the devices and methods disclosed herein. 
     
    
    
     Corresponding numerals and symbols in the different figures generally refer to corresponding parts unless otherwise indicated. The figures are drawn to clearly illustrate the relevant aspects of the embodiments and are not necessarily drawn to scale. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS 
     The making and using of the presently preferred embodiments are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that the present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention. 
     High efficiency WLAN (HEW) has the potential to provide improved area throughput and cell-edge performance, collaboration rather than coexistence between neighboring basic service sets (BSSs), and the use of spectrally efficient modulations, e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and its associated scheduler for enhanced quality of service/quality of experience (QoS/QoE). 
     Disclosed herein are systems and methods for transmitting data in a wireless network that includes a frame with mixed frame format with a first portion that includes a legacy frame format and a second portion that includes a HEW-data format. The first portion may be a preamble that is decodable by both legacy devices and newer devices that are HEW compliant. 
     Disclosed herein is an embodiment of a method in a network component for transmitting a mixed frame of wherein the mixed frame includes two segments each with a different fast Fourier transform (FFT) size from the other. The method includes generating a frame, wherein the frame comprises orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in two different FFT sizes in a mixed frame format, wherein the frame comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion comprises a first FFT size and the second portion comprises a second FFT size; and transmitting the frame during a single transmission opportunity. In an embodiment, the first portion includes a preamble in a legacy format. In a method, according to one example embodiment, the frame includes a first field and a second field, and wherein the first field provides information for automatic gain control (AGC) and synchronization and the second field provides information for synchronization and channel estimation. In an embodiment, the first portion includes a first field and a second field that provide information enabling a receiver to estimate two stream channels for two stream space-time block code (STBC). In an embodiment, the first portion includes a frame control field and wherein the frame control field comprises two symbols causing a legacy device to stop decoding the frame when encountered by an auto-detection mechanism. In an embodiment, the frame includes common reference sequences (CRS) for channel estimation. In an embodiment, the number of symbols in which the CRS is inserted is determined according to the number of physical antennas. In an embodiment, the frame includes a data demodulation reference sequences (DMRS). In an embodiment, the number of symbols in which the DMRS is inserted is determined according to the number of transmission streams. 
     Disclosed herein is a method in a wireless network device for receiving and decoding a mixed format frame. The method includes receiving a frame, wherein the frame that includes OFDM symbols in two different FFT sizes. The frame includes a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion includes a first FFT size and the second portion includes a second FFT size. The method also includes decoding the first portion according to the first FFT size, wherein the first portion is a preamble and decoding the second portion according to the second FFT size, wherein the second portion is a data portion of the frame. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a network  100  for communicating data. The network  100  comprises an access point (AP)  110  having a coverage area  112 , a plurality of user equipment (UEs)  120 , and a backhaul network  130 . As used herein, the term AP may also be referred to as a transmission point (TP) and the two terms may be used interchangeably throughout this disclosure. The AP  110  may comprise any component capable of providing wireless access by, inter alia, establishing uplink (dashed line) and/or downlink (dotted line) connections with the UEs  120 , such as a base transceiver station (BTS), an enhanced base station (eNB), a femtocell, and other wirelessly enabled devices. The UEs  120  may comprise any component capable of establishing a wireless connection with the AP  110 . The backhaul network  130  may be any component or collection of components that allow data to be exchanged between the AP  110  and a remote end (not shown). In some embodiments, the network  100  may comprise various other wireless devices, such as relays, femtocells, etc. 
     In an embodiment, the AP  110  is configured to transmit in a mixed OFDMA frame format. The mixed OFDMA frame format may be decodable by both legacy WLAN devices that are not otherwise compatible with newer wireless and WLAN protocols and new wireless devices configured for HEW standards. In an embodiment, the AP  110  is a cellular AP. In another embodiment, the AP  110  is a WiFi AP. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates various IEEE 802.11 architectures. In one example, a high efficiency WLAN system  200  is shown in a single basic service set (BSS) environment that contains a single AP  202  with a mix of legacy STAs  204  and HEW STAs  206 . HEW increases the BSS overall throughput while supporting legacy STAs. 
     In another example, a second high efficiency WLAN system  250  is shown in an overlapping BSS (OBSS) environment, in which multiple APs  252 ,  258  supports their own BSSs (BSS  1  and BSS  2 ) with both mixed legacy STAs  254 ,  260  and HEW STAs  256 ,  262 . HEW reduces the interference, increases the area throughput, and may include the support of legacy STAs  254 ,  260 . 
     Various embodiments provide one or more of a frame format, reference sequences, and tone mapping for OFDMA WLAN. The frame structure is designed to support backward compatibility. An embodiment includes a mixed frame format. The frame control field in the frame format carries relatively important information such as MAP configuration, and it provides an auto-detection scheme as well. The auto-detection scheme allows a legacy device to stop decoding the HEW frame when the legacy device encounters this frame control field. 
     An embodiment includes a tone mapping per 20 megahertz (MHz), as the numerology is changed from 64 tones to 512 or 1024 tones per 20 MHz. As used herein the term numerology means the number of tones per OFDM symbol. The terms FFT size and numerology format are used interchangeably throughout this disclosure. While embodiments are described using a number of tones per 20 MHz as 512 or 1024, but there may be any number of tones. 
     An embodiment provides reference sequences (RSs) for channel estimation of OFDMA packets. The common RS (CRS) is designed for the beamforming report. The channel for all the subcarriers per symbol is estimated by all the participating devices in an OFDMA scheduler through the CRS. The data demodulation RS (DMRS) is used for the effective channel estimation of each STA, so the DMRS is designed per resource unit (RU). The DMRS patterns for STAs whose RUs are assigned with the different number of units may be different, based on the number of assigned RUs. 
     An embodiment includes a mixed frame structure that provides auto-detection functionality between legacy devices and HEW devices. An embodiment uses space-time block code (STBC) based quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or QPSK with a receiver diversity scheme for the frame control field. An embodiment includes reference sequence patterns designed for channel sounding and data demodulation. Embodiments may be implemented in legacy devices (e.g., 802.11n/ac devices) as well as HEW devices. Embodiments may be implemented in Wi-Fi enterprise, STAs, and APs. 
     Frame Format 
     As OFDMA technology sees increased usage in future generations of WLAN standards (e.g., 802.11 HEW), it is useful to provide a frame format that is backward compatible with legacy WLAN devices. 
     With respect to 20 MHz OFDMA transmission,  FIG. 3  illustrates a mixed OFDMA frame  300  format with a HEW-data portion  310  having a numerology that may be different from the legacy WLAN portion  312 . As used herein the term numerology means the number of tones per OFDM symbol. For example, in an embodiment, the HEW-data portion  310  may have 512 or 1024 tones per 20 MHz symbol, and the OFDM portion  312  with the legacy numerology may have 64 tones per 20 MHz symbol. In other embodiments, the HEW-data portion  310  may have a different number of tones per 20 MHz symbol other than 512 or 1024. In other embodiments, the mixed OFDMA frame  300  may be transmitted in a different frequency from 20 MHz. 
     In an embodiment, the frame format  300  includes a HEW-data portion  310  and a legacy portion  312 . The legacy portion  312  includes legacy preamble elements such as the legacy short training field (L-STF)  302 , the legacy long training field (L-LTF)  304 , and the legacy signal field (L-SIG)  306  which are a legacy preamble portion of the frame  300 . All devices, including legacy devices, may use the preamble portion of the frame  300  to determine the frame length. In an embodiment, the L-STF is about 2 symbols, the L-LTF is 2 symbols, the L-SIG  306  is 1 symbol, and the frame control field  308  is 2 symbols. In other embodiments, the number of symbols that comprise each of the L-STF  302 , the L-LTF  304 , the L-SIG  306 , and the frame control field  308  may be different from that shown and described in  FIG. 3 . In an embodiment, while the L-SIG  306  provides the length information of the frame, the L-STF  302  and L-LTF  304  provide the synchronization and channel estimation for the OFDMA HEW-data portion  310  as well as for the legacy portion  312 . The frame control symbols  308  carry information used for OFDMA data transmission, such as downlink/uplink (DL/UL) MAP configuration, DL/UL acknowledgement (ACK) configuration, etc. The frame control symbols  308  also become a transition period between the legacy portion  312  and the HEW-data portion  310 . IEEE 802.11ac and 802.11n devices (i.e., legacy devices) stop decoding when they encounter frame control symbols  308  that are differently modulated, using an auto-detection mechanism. The frame control symbols  308  can be QPSK modulated, so the frame control symbols carry more information bits compared to the binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulated symbols. A HEW device can have at least two receiver (RX) antennas, and the RX diversity may be applied in receiving the signal. This can aid in achieving the same reliable communication as the current legacy SIG field transmission modulated in BPSK without the RX diversity. Those QPSK modulated frame control symbols provide the auto-detection functionality, and the legacy devices stop decoding the frame as they encounter the differently modulated frame control symbols. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a mixed OFDMA frame format  400  with STBC based frame control symbols. Frame format  400  includes a legacy portion  414  and a HEW-data portion  412 . The legacy portion  414  includes L-STF  402 , L-LTF  404 , L-SIG field  406 , L-LTF 1   408 , and a frame control field  410 . In an embodiment, the L-STF  402  may be 2 symbols, the L-LTF  404  may be 2 symbols, the L-SIG  406  may be 1 symbol, the L-LTF 1   408  may be 1 symbol, and the frame control field  410  may be 2 symbols. In other embodiments, the symbol lengths for the fields L-STF  402 , L-LTF  404 , L-SIG  406 , the L-LTF 1   408 , and the frame control field  410  may be different from those described and shown in  FIG. 4 . In an embodiment, one OFDM symbol, that is, L-LTF 1   408  in  FIG. 4 , is inserted to enable the STBC-based frame control symbols to be decoded at the RX. One LTF from the L-LTF symbols  404  and another with L-LTF 1   408  are used to estimate the two stream channels for two streams STBC, that is, the Alamouti Scheme, to be decoded at the RX. Because the reliability of the packet transmission is achieved with the STBC, the frame control symbols may be modulated with QPSK, and the L-LTF 1   408  and the first symbol of frame control symbols  410  with QPSK modulation make an auto-detection between the legacy devices and the HEW devices. That is, the legacy devices stop decoding the frame when they are encountered with the L-LTF 1   408  and the first symbol of the frame control symbols  410 . 
     Tone Mapping for the OFDMA Symbol with 512 Tones Per 20 MHz Symbol 
     In using 512 tones for a 20 MHz OFDM/OFDMA symbol in a WLAN system, an embodiment sets the guard band and DC null subcarriers. An embodiment sets the first 23 tones and the last 22 tones aside for the guard band purpose, and also sets the 256 th , 257 th , and 258 th  subcarriers aside for the DC nulls. That is, among the subcarriers with the index 0 to 511, the index 0 to 22 and 490 to 511 are guard band tones, and the tone indexes 255, 256 and 257 are set aside for the DC nulls. 
     Common Reference Sequence Pattern 
     In an embodiment, the common reference sequence (CRS) used for channel estimation of the multiple actual physical antennas between the TX and the RX in the OFDMA data portion has the following patterns. CRS is used for channel sounding, which is used for beam-forming feedback. 
     The location of the LTS in the L-LTF is reused for positioning the CRS of the new OFDMA symbol, and the L-LTF is one of the CRS for the OFDMA symbol. 
     Table 1 illustrates an embodiment CRS pattern. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 using L-LTF 
                 OFDMA-1 
                 OFDMA-2 
                 OFDMA-3 
                 OFDMA-4 
                 OFDMA-5 
                 OFDMA-6 
                 OFDMA-7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 1 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 2 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 3 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 4 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 5 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 6 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 7 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 8 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 9 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 10 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 11 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 12 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 13 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 14 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 15 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 16 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 17 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 18 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 19 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 20 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 21 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 22 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 23 
               
               
                 24 
               
               
                 25 
               
               
                 26 
               
               
                 27 
               
               
                 28 
               
               
                 29 
               
               
                 30 
               
               
                 31 
               
               
                 32 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 33 
               
               
                 34 
               
               
                 35 
               
               
                 36 
               
               
                 37 
               
               
                 38 
               
               
                 39 
               
               
                 40 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 41 
               
               
                 42 
               
               
                 43 
               
               
                 44 
               
               
                 45 
               
               
                 46 
               
               
                 47 
               
               
                 48 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 49 
               
               
                 50 
               
               
                 51 
               
               
                 52 
               
               
                 53 
               
               
                 54 
               
               
                 55 
               
               
                 56 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 57 
               
               
                 58 
               
               
                 59 
               
               
                 60 
               
               
                 61 
               
               
                 62 
               
               
                 63 
               
               
                 64 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 65 
               
               
                 66 
               
               
                 67 
               
               
                 68 
               
               
                 69 
               
               
                 70 
               
               
                 71 
               
               
                 72 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 73 
               
               
                 74 
               
               
                 75 
               
               
                 76 
               
               
                 77 
               
               
                 78 
               
               
                 79 
               
               
                 80 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 81 
               
               
                 82 
               
               
                 83 
               
               
                 84 
               
               
                 85 
               
               
                 86 
               
               
                 87 
               
               
                 88 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 89 
               
               
                 90 
               
               
                 91 
               
               
                 92 
               
               
                 93 
               
               
                 94 
               
               
                 95 
               
               
                 96 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 97 
               
               
                 98 
               
               
                 99 
               
               
                 100 
               
               
                 101 
               
               
                 102 
               
               
                 103 
               
               
                 104 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 105 
               
               
                 106 
               
               
                 107 
               
               
                 108 
               
               
                 109 
               
               
                 110 
               
               
                 111 
               
               
                 112 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 113 
               
               
                 114 
               
               
                 115 
               
               
                 116 
               
               
                 117 
               
               
                 118 
               
               
                 119 
               
               
                 120 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 121 
               
               
                 122 
               
               
                 123 
               
               
                 124 
               
               
                 125 
               
               
                 126 
               
               
                 127 
               
               
                 128 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 129 
               
               
                 130 
               
               
                 131 
               
               
                 132 
               
               
                 133 
               
               
                 134 
               
               
                 135 
               
               
                 136 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 137 
               
               
                 138 
               
               
                 139 
               
               
                 140 
               
               
                 141 
               
               
                 142 
               
               
                 143 
               
               
                 144 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 145 
               
               
                 146 
               
               
                 147 
               
               
                 148 
               
               
                 149 
               
               
                 150 
               
               
                 151 
               
               
                 152 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 153 
               
               
                 154 
               
               
                 155 
               
               
                 156 
               
               
                 157 
               
               
                 158 
               
               
                 159 
               
               
                 160 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 161 
               
               
                 162 
               
               
                 163 
               
               
                 164 
               
               
                 165 
               
               
                 166 
               
               
                 167 
               
               
                 168 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 169 
               
               
                 170 
               
               
                 171 
               
               
                 172 
               
               
                 173 
               
               
                 174 
               
               
                 175 
               
               
                 176 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 177 
               
               
                 178 
               
               
                 179 
               
               
                 180 
               
               
                 181 
               
               
                 182 
               
               
                 183 
               
               
                 184 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 185 
               
               
                 186 
               
               
                 187 
               
               
                 188 
               
               
                 189 
               
               
                 190 
               
               
                 191 
               
               
                 192 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 193 
               
               
                 194 
               
               
                 195 
               
               
                 196 
               
               
                 197 
               
               
                 198 
               
               
                 199 
               
               
                 200 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 201 
               
               
                 202 
               
               
                 203 
               
               
                 204 
               
               
                 205 
               
               
                 206 
               
               
                 207 
               
               
                 208 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 209 
               
               
                 210 
               
               
                 211 
               
               
                 212 
               
               
                 213 
               
               
                 214 
               
               
                 215 
               
               
                 216 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 217 
               
               
                 218 
               
               
                 219 
               
               
                 220 
               
               
                 221 
               
               
                 222 
               
               
                 223 
               
               
                 224 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 225 
               
               
                 226 
               
               
                 227 
               
               
                 228 
               
               
                 229 
               
               
                 230 
               
               
                 231 
               
               
                 232 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 233 
               
               
                 234 
               
               
                 235 
               
               
                 236 
               
               
                 237 
               
               
                 238 
               
               
                 239 
               
               
                 240 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 241 
               
               
                 242 
               
               
                 243 
               
               
                 244 
               
               
                 245 
               
               
                 246 
               
               
                 247 
               
               
                 248 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 249 
               
               
                 250 
               
               
                 251 
               
               
                 252 
               
               
                 253 
               
               
                 254 
               
               
                 255 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
               
               
                 256 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
               
               
                 257 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
               
               
                 258 
               
               
                 259 
               
               
                 260 
               
               
                 261 
               
               
                 262 
               
               
                 263 
               
               
                 264 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 265 
               
               
                 266 
               
               
                 267 
               
               
                 268 
               
               
                 269 
               
               
                 270 
               
               
                 271 
               
               
                 272 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 273 
               
               
                 274 
               
               
                 275 
               
               
                 276 
               
               
                 277 
               
               
                 278 
               
               
                 279 
               
               
                 280 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 281 
               
               
                 282 
               
               
                 283 
               
               
                 284 
               
               
                 285 
               
               
                 286 
               
               
                 287 
               
               
                 288 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 289 
               
               
                 290 
               
               
                 291 
               
               
                 292 
               
               
                 293 
               
               
                 294 
               
               
                 295 
               
               
                 296 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 297 
               
               
                 298 
               
               
                 299 
               
               
                 300 
               
               
                 301 
               
               
                 302 
               
               
                 303 
               
               
                 304 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 305 
               
               
                 306 
               
               
                 307 
               
               
                 308 
               
               
                 309 
               
               
                 310 
               
               
                 311 
               
               
                 312 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 313 
               
               
                 314 
               
               
                 315 
               
               
                 316 
               
               
                 317 
               
               
                 318 
               
               
                 319 
               
               
                 320 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 321 
               
               
                 322 
               
               
                 323 
               
               
                 324 
               
               
                 325 
               
               
                 326 
               
               
                 327 
               
               
                 328 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 329 
               
               
                 330 
               
               
                 331 
               
               
                 332 
               
               
                 333 
               
               
                 334 
               
               
                 335 
               
               
                 336 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 337 
               
               
                 338 
               
               
                 339 
               
               
                 340 
               
               
                 341 
               
               
                 342 
               
               
                 343 
               
               
                 344 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 345 
               
               
                 346 
               
               
                 347 
               
               
                 348 
               
               
                 349 
               
               
                 350 
               
               
                 351 
               
               
                 352 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 353 
               
               
                 354 
               
               
                 355 
               
               
                 356 
               
               
                 357 
               
               
                 358 
               
               
                 359 
               
               
                 360 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 361 
               
               
                 362 
               
               
                 363 
               
               
                 364 
               
               
                 365 
               
               
                 366 
               
               
                 367 
               
               
                 368 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 369 
               
               
                 370 
               
               
                 371 
               
               
                 372 
               
               
                 373 
               
               
                 374 
               
               
                 375 
               
               
                 376 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 377 
               
               
                 378 
               
               
                 379 
               
               
                 380 
               
               
                 381 
               
               
                 382 
               
               
                 383 
               
               
                 384 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 385 
               
               
                 386 
               
               
                 387 
               
               
                 388 
               
               
                 389 
               
               
                 390 
               
               
                 391 
               
               
                 392 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 393 
               
               
                 394 
               
               
                 395 
               
               
                 396 
               
               
                 397 
               
               
                 398 
               
               
                 399 
               
               
                 400 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 401 
               
               
                 402 
               
               
                 403 
               
               
                 404 
               
               
                 405 
               
               
                 406 
               
               
                 407 
               
               
                 408 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 409 
               
               
                 410 
               
               
                 411 
               
               
                 412 
               
               
                 413 
               
               
                 414 
               
               
                 415 
               
               
                 416 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 417 
               
               
                 418 
               
               
                 419 
               
               
                 420 
               
               
                 421 
               
               
                 422 
               
               
                 423 
               
               
                 424 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 425 
               
               
                 426 
               
               
                 427 
               
               
                 428 
               
               
                 429 
               
               
                 430 
               
               
                 431 
               
               
                 432 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 433 
               
               
                 434 
               
               
                 435 
               
               
                 436 
               
               
                 437 
               
               
                 438 
               
               
                 439 
               
               
                 440 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 441 
               
               
                 442 
               
               
                 443 
               
               
                 444 
               
               
                 445 
               
               
                 446 
               
               
                 447 
               
               
                 448 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 449 
               
               
                 450 
               
               
                 451 
               
               
                 452 
               
               
                 453 
               
               
                 454 
               
               
                 455 
               
               
                 456 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 457 
               
               
                 458 
               
               
                 459 
               
               
                 460 
               
               
                 461 
               
               
                 462 
               
               
                 463 
               
               
                 464 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 465 
               
               
                 466 
               
               
                 467 
               
               
                 468 
               
               
                 469 
               
               
                 470 
               
               
                 471 
               
               
                 472 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 473 
               
               
                 474 
               
               
                 475 
               
               
                 476 
               
               
                 477 
               
               
                 478 
               
               
                 479 
               
               
                 480 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
               
               
                 481 
               
               
                 482 
               
               
                 483 
               
               
                 484 
               
               
                 485 
               
               
                 486 
               
               
                 487 
               
               
                 488 
               
               
                 489 
               
               
                 490 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 491 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 492 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 493 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 494 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 495 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 496 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 497 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 498 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 499 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 500 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 501 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 502 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 503 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 504 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 505 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 506 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 507 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 508 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 509 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 510 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 511 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The first 7 OFDMA symbols are supposed to have the CRS, and the CRS pattern is the repetition of the LTS pattern in the L-LTF. The LTS of the L-LTF is a part of CRS, and including this, the total 8×8 MIMO configuration can be sounded. However, embodiments are not limited to the 8×8 MIMO sounding, but may be extended to any number of MIMO configuration, such as by adding more OFDMA symbols with the CRS inserted (e.g. as for 12×12 MIMO, 4 more OFDMA symbols, in addition to the existing CRS, have the CRS). 
     Data Demodulation Reference Sequence Pattern 
     While the number of symbols into which the CRS is inserted is determined with the number of physical antennas, the number of symbols into which the data demodulation reference sequences (DMRS) is inserted depends on the number of TX streams. In particular, each STA is likely to have a different beam-forming applied in the transmission, and thus the pilot pattern is a resource unit (RU) (8 subcarriers×8 symbols) based design and the number of TX streams is indicated by the scheduler (which can be an AP in the WLAN system) in the DL/UL MAP. 
     An embodiment sets the different DMRS patterns in accordance with the number of RUs assigned per STA. The document attached hereto labeled CRS-DMRS shows the DMRS pattern for the case of 1 RU per STA. The CRS patterns are reused on the DMRS patterns, and new DMRS pilots are inserted. Those pilots labeled new DMRS are the newly inserted DMRS pilots in addition to the reused CRS pilots. 
     Table 2 illustrates a DMRS pattern for 3 RUs per STA and Table 3 illustrates a DMRS pattern for 4 RUs per STA. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 using L-LTF 
                 OFDMA-1 
                 OFDMA-2 
                 OFDMA-3 
                 OFDMA-4 
                 OFDMA-5 
                 OFDMA-6 
                 OFDMA-7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 2 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 3 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 4 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 5 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 6 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 7 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 8 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 9 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 10 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 11 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 12 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 13 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 14 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 15 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 16 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 17 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 18 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 19 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 20 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 21 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 22 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 23 
               
               
                 24 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 25 
               
               
                 26 
               
               
                 27 
               
               
                 28 
               
               
                 29 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 30 
               
               
                 31 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 32 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 33 
               
               
                 34 
               
               
                 35 
               
               
                 36 
               
               
                 37 
               
               
                 38 
               
               
                 39 
               
               
                 40 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 41 
               
               
                 42 
               
               
                 43 
               
               
                 44 
               
               
                 45 
               
               
                 46 
               
               
                 47 
               
               
                 48 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 49 
               
               
                 50 
               
               
                 51 
               
               
                 52 
               
               
                 53 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 54 
               
               
                 55 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 56 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 57 
               
               
                 58 
               
               
                 59 
               
               
                 60 
               
               
                 61 
               
               
                 62 
               
               
                 63 
               
               
                 64 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 65 
               
               
                 66 
               
               
                 67 
               
               
                 68 
               
               
                 69 
               
               
                 70 
               
               
                 71 
               
               
                 72 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 73 
               
               
                 74 
               
               
                 75 
               
               
                 76 
               
               
                 77 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 78 
               
               
                 79 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 80 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 81 
               
               
                 82 
               
               
                 83 
               
               
                 84 
               
               
                 85 
               
               
                 86 
               
               
                 87 
               
               
                 88 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 89 
               
               
                 90 
               
               
                 91 
               
               
                 92 
               
               
                 93 
               
               
                 94 
               
               
                 95 
               
               
                 96 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 97 
               
               
                 98 
               
               
                 99 
               
               
                 100 
               
               
                 101 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 102 
               
               
                 103 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 104 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 105 
               
               
                 106 
               
               
                 107 
               
               
                 108 
               
               
                 109 
               
               
                 110 
               
               
                 111 
               
               
                 112 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 113 
               
               
                 114 
               
               
                 115 
               
               
                 116 
               
               
                 117 
               
               
                 118 
               
               
                 119 
               
               
                 120 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 121 
               
               
                 122 
               
               
                 123 
               
               
                 124 
               
               
                 125 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 126 
               
               
                 127 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 128 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 129 
               
               
                 130 
               
               
                 131 
               
               
                 132 
               
               
                 133 
               
               
                 134 
               
               
                 135 
               
               
                 136 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 137 
               
               
                 138 
               
               
                 139 
               
               
                 140 
               
               
                 141 
               
               
                 142 
               
               
                 143 
               
               
                 144 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 145 
               
               
                 146 
               
               
                 147 
               
               
                 148 
               
               
                 149 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 150 
               
               
                 151 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 152 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 153 
               
               
                 154 
               
               
                 155 
               
               
                 156 
               
               
                 157 
               
               
                 158 
               
               
                 159 
               
               
                 160 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 161 
               
               
                 162 
               
               
                 163 
               
               
                 164 
               
               
                 165 
               
               
                 166 
               
               
                 167 
               
               
                 168 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 169 
               
               
                 170 
               
               
                 171 
               
               
                 172 
               
               
                 173 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 174 
               
               
                 175 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 176 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 177 
               
               
                 178 
               
               
                 179 
               
               
                 180 
               
               
                 181 
               
               
                 182 
               
               
                 183 
               
               
                 184 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 185 
               
               
                 186 
               
               
                 187 
               
               
                 188 
               
               
                 189 
               
               
                 190 
               
               
                 191 
               
               
                 192 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 193 
               
               
                 194 
               
               
                 195 
               
               
                 196 
               
               
                 197 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 198 
               
               
                 199 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 200 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 201 
               
               
                 202 
               
               
                 203 
               
               
                 204 
               
               
                 205 
               
               
                 206 
               
               
                 207 
               
               
                 208 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 209 
               
               
                 210 
               
               
                 211 
               
               
                 212 
               
               
                 213 
               
               
                 214 
               
               
                 215 
               
               
                 216 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 217 
               
               
                 218 
               
               
                 219 
               
               
                 220 
               
               
                 221 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 222 
               
               
                 223 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 224 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 225 
               
               
                 226 
               
               
                 227 
               
               
                 228 
               
               
                 229 
               
               
                 230 
               
               
                 231 
               
               
                 232 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 233 
               
               
                 234 
               
               
                 235 
               
               
                 236 
               
               
                 237 
               
               
                 238 
               
               
                 239 
               
               
                 240 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 241 
               
               
                 242 
               
               
                 243 
               
               
                 244 
               
               
                 245 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 246 
               
               
                 247 
               
               
                 248 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 249 
               
               
                 250 
               
               
                 251 
               
               
                 252 
               
               
                 253 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 254 
               
               
                 255 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
               
               
                 256 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
               
               
                 257 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
               
               
                 258 
               
               
                 259 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 260 
               
               
                 261 
               
               
                 262 
               
               
                 263 
               
               
                 264 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 265 
               
               
                 266 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 267 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 268 
               
               
                 269 
               
               
                 270 
               
               
                 271 
               
               
                 272 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 273 
               
               
                 274 
               
               
                 275 
               
               
                 276 
               
               
                 277 
               
               
                 278 
               
               
                 279 
               
               
                 280 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 281 
               
               
                 282 
               
               
                 283 
               
               
                 284 
               
               
                 285 
               
               
                 286 
               
               
                 287 
               
               
                 288 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 289 
               
               
                 290 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 291 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 292 
               
               
                 293 
               
               
                 294 
               
               
                 295 
               
               
                 296 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 297 
               
               
                 298 
               
               
                 299 
               
               
                 300 
               
               
                 301 
               
               
                 302 
               
               
                 303 
               
               
                 304 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 305 
               
               
                 306 
               
               
                 307 
               
               
                 308 
               
               
                 309 
               
               
                 310 
               
               
                 311 
               
               
                 312 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 313 
               
               
                 314 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 315 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 316 
               
               
                 317 
               
               
                 318 
               
               
                 319 
               
               
                 320 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 321 
               
               
                 322 
               
               
                 323 
               
               
                 324 
               
               
                 325 
               
               
                 326 
               
               
                 327 
               
               
                 328 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 329 
               
               
                 330 
               
               
                 331 
               
               
                 332 
               
               
                 333 
               
               
                 334 
               
               
                 335 
               
               
                 336 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 337 
               
               
                 338 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 339 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 340 
               
               
                 341 
               
               
                 342 
               
               
                 343 
               
               
                 344 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 345 
               
               
                 346 
               
               
                 347 
               
               
                 348 
               
               
                 349 
               
               
                 350 
               
               
                 351 
               
               
                 352 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 353 
               
               
                 354 
               
               
                 355 
               
               
                 356 
               
               
                 357 
               
               
                 358 
               
               
                 359 
               
               
                 360 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 361 
               
               
                 362 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 363 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 364 
               
               
                 365 
               
               
                 366 
               
               
                 367 
               
               
                 368 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 369 
               
               
                 370 
               
               
                 371 
               
               
                 372 
               
               
                 373 
               
               
                 374 
               
               
                 375 
               
               
                 376 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 377 
               
               
                 378 
               
               
                 379 
               
               
                 380 
               
               
                 381 
               
               
                 382 
               
               
                 383 
               
               
                 384 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 385 
               
               
                 386 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 387 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 388 
               
               
                 389 
               
               
                 390 
               
               
                 391 
               
               
                 392 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 393 
               
               
                 394 
               
               
                 395 
               
               
                 396 
               
               
                 397 
               
               
                 398 
               
               
                 399 
               
               
                 400 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 401 
               
               
                 402 
               
               
                 403 
               
               
                 404 
               
               
                 405 
               
               
                 406 
               
               
                 407 
               
               
                 408 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 409 
               
               
                 410 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 411 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 412 
               
               
                 413 
               
               
                 414 
               
               
                 415 
               
               
                 416 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 417 
               
               
                 418 
               
               
                 419 
               
               
                 420 
               
               
                 421 
               
               
                 422 
               
               
                 423 
               
               
                 424 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 425 
               
               
                 426 
               
               
                 427 
               
               
                 428 
               
               
                 429 
               
               
                 430 
               
               
                 431 
               
               
                 432 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 433 
               
               
                 434 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 435 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 436 
               
               
                 437 
               
               
                 438 
               
               
                 439 
               
               
                 440 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 441 
               
               
                 442 
               
               
                 443 
               
               
                 444 
               
               
                 445 
               
               
                 446 
               
               
                 447 
               
               
                 448 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 449 
               
               
                 450 
               
               
                 451 
               
               
                 452 
               
               
                 453 
               
               
                 454 
               
               
                 455 
               
               
                 456 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 457 
               
               
                 458 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 459 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
                 STA 
               
               
                 460 
               
               
                 461 
               
               
                 462 
               
               
                 463 
               
               
                 464 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 465 
               
               
                 466 
               
               
                 467 
               
               
                 468 
               
               
                 469 
               
               
                 470 
               
               
                 471 
               
               
                 472 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 473 
               
               
                 474 
               
               
                 475 
               
               
                 476 
               
               
                 477 
               
               
                 478 
               
               
                 479 
               
               
                 480 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 481 
               
               
                 482 
               
               
                 483 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 484 
               
               
                 485 
               
               
                 486 
               
               
                 487 
               
               
                 488 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 489 
               
               
                 490 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 491 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 492 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 493 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 494 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 495 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 496 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 497 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 498 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 499 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 500 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 501 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 502 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 503 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 504 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 505 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 506 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 507 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 508 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 509 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 510 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 511 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 using L-LTF 
                 OFDMA-1 
                 OFDMA-2 
                 OFDMA-3 
                 OFDMA-4 
                 OFDMA-5 
                 OFDMA-6 
                 OFDMA-7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 2 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 3 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 4 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 5 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 6 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 7 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 8 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 9 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 10 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 11 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 12 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 13 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 14 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 15 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 16 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 17 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 18 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 19 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 20 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 21 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 22 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 23 
               
               
                 24 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 25 
               
               
                 26 
               
               
                 27 
               
               
                 28 
               
               
                 29 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 30 
               
               
                 31 
               
               
                 32 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 33 
               
               
                 34 
               
               
                 35 
               
               
                 36 
               
               
                 37 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 38 
               
               
                 39 
               
               
                 40 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 41 
               
               
                 42 
               
               
                 43 
               
               
                 44 
               
               
                 45 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 46 
               
               
                 47 
               
               
                 48 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 49 
               
               
                 50 
               
               
                 51 
               
               
                 52 
               
               
                 53 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 54 
               
               
                 55 
               
               
                 56 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 57 
               
               
                 58 
               
               
                 59 
               
               
                 60 
               
               
                 61 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 62 
               
               
                 63 
               
               
                 64 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 65 
               
               
                 66 
               
               
                 67 
               
               
                 68 
               
               
                 69 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 70 
               
               
                 71 
               
               
                 72 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 73 
               
               
                 74 
               
               
                 75 
               
               
                 76 
               
               
                 77 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 78 
               
               
                 79 
               
               
                 80 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 81 
               
               
                 82 
               
               
                 83 
               
               
                 84 
               
               
                 85 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 86 
               
               
                 87 
               
               
                 88 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 89 
               
               
                 90 
               
               
                 91 
               
               
                 92 
               
               
                 93 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 94 
               
               
                 95 
               
               
                 96 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 97 
               
               
                 98 
               
               
                 99 
               
               
                 100 
               
               
                 101 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 102 
               
               
                 103 
               
               
                 104 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 105 
               
               
                 106 
               
               
                 107 
               
               
                 108 
               
               
                 109 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 110 
               
               
                 111 
               
               
                 112 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 113 
               
               
                 114 
               
               
                 115 
               
               
                 116 
               
               
                 117 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 118 
               
               
                 119 
               
               
                 120 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 121 
               
               
                 122 
               
               
                 123 
               
               
                 124 
               
               
                 125 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 126 
               
               
                 127 
               
               
                 128 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 129 
               
               
                 130 
               
               
                 131 
               
               
                 132 
               
               
                 133 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 134 
               
               
                 135 
               
               
                 136 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 137 
               
               
                 138 
               
               
                 139 
               
               
                 140 
               
               
                 141 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 142 
               
               
                 143 
               
               
                 144 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 145 
               
               
                 146 
               
               
                 147 
               
               
                 148 
               
               
                 149 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 150 
               
               
                 151 
               
               
                 152 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 153 
               
               
                 154 
               
               
                 155 
               
               
                 156 
               
               
                 157 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 158 
               
               
                 159 
               
               
                 160 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 161 
               
               
                 162 
               
               
                 163 
               
               
                 164 
               
               
                 165 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 166 
               
               
                 167 
               
               
                 168 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 169 
               
               
                 170 
               
               
                 171 
               
               
                 172 
               
               
                 173 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 174 
               
               
                 175 
               
               
                 176 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 177 
               
               
                 178 
               
               
                 179 
               
               
                 180 
               
               
                 181 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 182 
               
               
                 183 
               
               
                 184 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 185 
               
               
                 186 
               
               
                 187 
               
               
                 188 
               
               
                 189 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 190 
               
               
                 191 
               
               
                 192 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 193 
               
               
                 194 
               
               
                 195 
               
               
                 196 
               
               
                 197 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 198 
               
               
                 199 
               
               
                 200 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 201 
               
               
                 202 
               
               
                 203 
               
               
                 204 
               
               
                 205 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 206 
               
               
                 207 
               
               
                 208 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 209 
               
               
                 210 
               
               
                 211 
               
               
                 212 
               
               
                 213 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 214 
               
               
                 215 
               
               
                 216 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 217 
               
               
                 218 
               
               
                 219 
               
               
                 220 
               
               
                 221 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 222 
               
               
                 223 
               
               
                 224 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 225 
               
               
                 226 
               
               
                 227 
               
               
                 228 
               
               
                 229 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 230 
               
               
                 231 
               
               
                 232 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 233 
               
               
                 234 
               
               
                 235 
               
               
                 236 
               
               
                 237 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 238 
               
               
                 239 
               
               
                 240 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 241 
               
               
                 242 
               
               
                 243 
               
               
                 244 
               
               
                 245 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 246 
               
               
                 247 
               
               
                 248 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 249 
               
               
                 250 
               
               
                 251 
               
               
                 252 
               
               
                 253 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 254 
               
               
                 255 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
               
               
                 256 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
                 DC 
               
               
                 257 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
                 Null 
               
               
                 258 
               
               
                 259 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 260 
               
               
                 261 
               
               
                 262 
               
               
                 263 
               
               
                 264 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 265 
               
               
                 266 
               
               
                 267 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 268 
               
               
                 269 
               
               
                 270 
               
               
                 271 
               
               
                 272 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 273 
               
               
                 274 
               
               
                 275 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 276 
               
               
                 277 
               
               
                 278 
               
               
                 279 
               
               
                 280 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 281 
               
               
                 282 
               
               
                 283 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 284 
               
               
                 285 
               
               
                 286 
               
               
                 287 
               
               
                 288 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 289 
               
               
                 290 
               
               
                 291 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 292 
               
               
                 293 
               
               
                 294 
               
               
                 295 
               
               
                 296 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 297 
               
               
                 298 
               
               
                 299 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 300 
               
               
                 301 
               
               
                 302 
               
               
                 303 
               
               
                 304 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 305 
               
               
                 306 
               
               
                 307 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 308 
               
               
                 309 
               
               
                 310 
               
               
                 311 
               
               
                 312 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 313 
               
               
                 314 
               
               
                 315 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 316 
               
               
                 317 
               
               
                 318 
               
               
                 319 
               
               
                 320 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 321 
               
               
                 322 
               
               
                 323 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 324 
               
               
                 325 
               
               
                 326 
               
               
                 327 
               
               
                 328 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 329 
               
               
                 330 
               
               
                 331 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 332 
               
               
                 333 
               
               
                 334 
               
               
                 335 
               
               
                 336 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 337 
               
               
                 338 
               
               
                 339 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 340 
               
               
                 341 
               
               
                 342 
               
               
                 343 
               
               
                 344 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 345 
               
               
                 346 
               
               
                 347 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 348 
               
               
                 349 
               
               
                 350 
               
               
                 351 
               
               
                 352 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 353 
               
               
                 354 
               
               
                 355 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 356 
               
               
                 357 
               
               
                 358 
               
               
                 359 
               
               
                 360 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 361 
               
               
                 362 
               
               
                 363 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 364 
               
               
                 365 
               
               
                 366 
               
               
                 367 
               
               
                 368 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 369 
               
               
                 370 
               
               
                 371 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 372 
               
               
                 373 
               
               
                 374 
               
               
                 375 
               
               
                 376 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 377 
               
               
                 378 
               
               
                 379 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 380 
               
               
                 381 
               
               
                 382 
               
               
                 383 
               
               
                 384 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 385 
               
               
                 386 
               
               
                 387 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 388 
               
               
                 389 
               
               
                 390 
               
               
                 391 
               
               
                 392 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 393 
               
               
                 394 
               
               
                 395 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 396 
               
               
                 397 
               
               
                 398 
               
               
                 399 
               
               
                 400 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 401 
               
               
                 402 
               
               
                 403 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 404 
               
               
                 405 
               
               
                 406 
               
               
                 407 
               
               
                 408 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 409 
               
               
                 410 
               
               
                 411 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 412 
               
               
                 413 
               
               
                 414 
               
               
                 415 
               
               
                 416 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 417 
               
               
                 418 
               
               
                 419 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 420 
               
               
                 421 
               
               
                 422 
               
               
                 423 
               
               
                 424 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 425 
               
               
                 426 
               
               
                 427 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 428 
               
               
                 429 
               
               
                 430 
               
               
                 431 
               
               
                 432 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 433 
               
               
                 434 
               
               
                 435 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 436 
               
               
                 437 
               
               
                 438 
               
               
                 439 
               
               
                 440 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 441 
               
               
                 442 
               
               
                 443 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 444 
               
               
                 445 
               
               
                 446 
               
               
                 447 
               
               
                 448 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 449 
               
               
                 450 
               
               
                 451 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 452 
               
               
                 453 
               
               
                 454 
               
               
                 455 
               
               
                 456 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 457 
               
               
                 458 
               
               
                 459 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 460 
               
               
                 461 
               
               
                 462 
               
               
                 463 
               
               
                 464 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 465 
               
               
                 466 
               
               
                 467 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 468 
               
               
                 469 
               
               
                 470 
               
               
                 471 
               
               
                 472 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 473 
               
               
                 474 
               
               
                 475 
                   
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 476 
               
               
                 477 
               
               
                 478 
               
               
                 479 
               
               
                 480 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 −1 
                 CRS 
               
               
                 481 
               
               
                 482 
               
               
                 483 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 484 
               
               
                 485 
               
               
                 486 
               
               
                 487 
               
               
                 488 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 New-DMRS 
               
               
                 489 
               
               
                 490 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 491 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 492 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 493 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 494 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 495 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 496 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 497 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 498 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
               
               
                 499 
                 GB 
                 GB 
                 GB 
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     When the 3 RUs in the frequency domain are aggregated and assigned for one STA, the DMRS overhead may be reduced by removing pilots from two RUs out of three consecutive RUs. The same principle also applies to the case of four consecutively aggregated RUs per STA. Pilots from 3 RUs out of 4 consecutive RUs may be removed in the frequency domain to reduce the DMRS overhead. 
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method  500  for generating a frame with a mixed OFDMA frame format. The method  500  begins at block  502  where a wireless network component generates a first portion of a frame including a first FFT size (i.e., a first numerology format). At block  504 , the wireless network component generates a second portion of the frame including a second FFT size (i.e., numerology format). At block  506 , the second portion of the frame is appended to the end of the first portion of the frame. At block  508 , the wireless network component transmits the frame during a single transmission opportunity, after which, the method  500  ends. In an embodiment, the method  500  may be encoded as a set of computer readable instructions and stored on a computer readable storage media that, when implemented by a data processing system, causes the data processing system to execute the method  500 . 
       FIG. 6  is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method  600  for decoding a frame that includes a mixed OFDMA frame format. The method  600  begins at block  602  where a wireless network component receives a frame that includes a mixed OFDMA frame format. At block  604 , the wireless network component decodes a first portion of the frame that includes a first FFT size or numerology format. At block  606 , the wireless network component decodes a second portion of the frame that includes a second FFT size or numerology format, after which, the method  600  ends. In an embodiment, the method  600  may be encoded as a set of computer readable instructions and stored on a computer readable storage media that, when implemented by a data processing system, causes the data processing system to execute the method  600 . 
       FIG. 7  is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method  700  for decoding with a legacy wireless device a frame that includes a mixed OFDMA frame format that includes a first portion of a frame in a first FFT size or numerology format and a second portion of the frame in a second FFT size or numerology format. The method  700  begins at block  702  where the legacy wireless device receives a frame that includes a mixed OFDMA frame format. At block  704 , the legacy wireless device decodes a first portion of the frame that includes a first FFT size or numerology format and determines that the remainder of the frame is in a different format and refrains from decoding the remainder of the frame, after which, the method  700  ends. In an embodiment, the first portion of the frame comprises a legacy format preamble. In an embodiment, the method  700  may be encoded as a set of computer readable instructions and stored on a computer readable storage media that, when implemented by a data processing system, causes the data processing system to execute the method  700 . 
       FIG. 8  is a block diagram of a processing system  800  that may be used for implementing the devices and methods disclosed herein. Specific devices may utilize all of the components shown, or only a subset of the components and levels of integration may vary from device to device. Furthermore, a device may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processing units, processors, memories, transmitters, receivers, etc. The processing system  800  may comprise a processing unit  801  equipped with one or more input/output devices, such as a speaker, microphone, mouse, touchscreen, keypad, keyboard, printer, display, and the like. The processing unit  801  may include a central processing unit (CPU)  810 , memory  820 , a mass storage device  830 , a network interface  850 , an I/O interface  860 , and an antenna circuit  870  connected to a bus  840 . The processing unit  801  also includes an antenna element  875  connected to the antenna circuit. 
     The bus  840  may be one or more of any type of several bus architectures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, video bus, or the like. The CPU  810  may comprise any type of electronic data processor. The memory  820  may comprise any type of system memory such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), a combination thereof, or the like. In an embodiment, the memory  820  may include ROM for use at boot-up, and DRAM for program and data storage for use while executing programs. 
     The mass storage device  830  may comprise any type of storage device configured to store data, programs, and other information and to make the data, programs, and other information accessible via the bus  840 . The mass storage device  830  may comprise, for example, one or more of a solid state drive, hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, or the like. 
     The I/O interface  860  may provide interfaces to couple external input and output devices to the processing unit  801 . The I/O interface  860  may include a video adapter. Examples of input and output devices may include a display coupled to the video adapter and a mouse/keyboard/printer coupled to the I/O interface. Other devices may be coupled to the processing unit  801  and additional or fewer interface cards may be utilized. For example, a serial interface such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) (not shown) may be used to provide an interface for a printer. 
     The antenna circuit  870  and antenna element  875  may allow the processing unit  801  to communicate with remote units via a network. In an embodiment, the antenna circuit  870  and antenna element  875  provide access to a wireless wide area network (WAN) and/or to a cellular network, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks. In some embodiments, the antenna circuit  870  and antenna element  875  may also provide Bluetooth and/or WiFi connection to other devices. 
     The processing unit  801  may also include one or more network interfaces  850 , which may comprise wired links, such as an Ethernet cable or the like, and/or wireless links to access nodes or different networks. The network interface  801  allows the processing unit  801  to communicate with remote units via the networks  880 . For example, the network interface  850  may provide wireless communication via one or more transmitters/transmit antennas and one or more receivers/receive antennas. In an embodiment, the processing unit  801  is coupled to a local-area network or a wide-area network for data processing and communications with remote devices, such as other processing units, the Internet, remote storage facilities, or the like. 
     While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.