Patent Publication Number: US-3878517-A

Title: Ink jet system of charge amplitude controlling type

Description:
United States Patent Kasubuchi et al.  
 [ INK JET SYSTEM OF CHARGE AMPLITUDE CONTROLLING TYPE [75] Inventors: Takeshi Kasubuchi; Yuji Sumitomo;  
 Masahiko Aiba, all of Nara, Japan [73] Assignee: Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha, Osaka,  
 Japan [22] Filed: June I, I973 [21] App]. No.: 366.044  
 [52] US. Cl. 346/75 [51] Int. Cl. GOld 15/18 [58] Field of Search 346/75 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,298,030 l/l967 Lewis et al 346/75 3,562,757 2/1971 Bischoff 346/75 X 3,596,275 7/1971 Sweet 346/75 X 3,688,034 8/1972 Kashio 346/75 X CONTINUOUS DRIVE CIRCUIT PRINTED HEAD POSITION oer HIGH VELOCITY LOW VELOCITY INPUT DEVICE DIVIDER m&#39;reamrrrem new: CIRCUIT ADJUSTABLE FREQUENCY [451 Apr. 15, 1975 Primary E.raminer.loseph W. Hartary Attorney, Agent. or Firm-Stewart and Kolasch, Ltd.  
 [57] ABSTRACT Control of the printing velocity is of importance for application of ink jet systems of the charge amplitude controlling type to intermittently operating recorders or asynchronous recorders. In order to alternate the printing velocity. the velocity oftravel of a head carrying a nozzle and the charging signals to the total number of ink drops in the stream of ink drops emitted from the nozzle also is changed. In this charging signals to a total of ink drop in the wake also is changed. In such way there is provided ink jet systems of the charge amplitude controlling type suitable for intermittent or asynchronous printing wherein the printing velocity can be varied without alternating the frequency of formation of the ink drops.  
 1 Claim, 2 Drawing Figures H EAD MEMORY INK JET SYSTEM OF CHARGE A.\lPLiTl l)E CONTROLLING TYPE BACKGROUND OF THE l.\&#39;\E.\Tl().\  
  This invention relates to an ink jet system printer wherein ink drops issuing at a constant rate from a nozzlc are charged in accordance with charging signals and. then deflected in accordance with the charge carried by the drops as they pass through a l&#39;i\ed electric field. thereby to form images representative of input signals. and more particularly to a method for controlling the printing velocity in the ink jet system printer of the charge amplitude controlling type whereby the head carrying the nozzle and the charging electrode is intermittently moved in response to intermittent inputs from key boards or the like to enable intermittent or asynchronous printing. In a US. Pat. No. 3.596.275 granted to Richard G. Sweet there is disclosed the ink jet system printer of the charge amplitude controlling type wherein ultrasonic vibration is applied to ink fluid issuing under pressure from an nozzle to form ink drops at a predetermined rate and the ink drops are charged in accordance with charging signals and then the ink drops are electrostatically deflected into predetermined trojectories in accordance with the amplitude of the charges on the drops so that symbols corresponding to the charging signals are recorded on a record receiving member such as a paper on which the charged drops impinge. In this form vertical deflection of the recording symbols is under the control of the charging signals while its horizontal deflection is substituted by constant velocity movement of the record receiving member or constant velocity horizontal movement of the head earring the nozzle and the charging electrode. It is. therefore. important that the record receiving member or the head is advanced at a constant velocity in operation. Although the frequency of ink drop formation from the nozzle is correctly identical with the exciting frequency of the ultrasonic transducer vibrating the nozzle. the timing of separation of the drops from the stream of the ink supply will vary with various factors. for example. temperature variations and viscosity of the ink liquid. especially during a short period oftime after the application ofthe exciting signals. For this reason it is desirable that the ink drops issuing from the nozzle always are formed at a constant rate to en sure steady printing.  
  According to the prior art ink jet printers of the charge amplitude controlling type. the head continues travelling at a constant velocity to carry out continuous or synchronous printing operation for one line printing period. Hence. the printers of these types are necessarily responsive only to successively and synchronously introduced input signals and thus are unsuitable for intermittent or a synchronous input signals such as key signals. In order to serve the function of printing in accordance with the synchronous input signals the head or the record receiving member should be moved in synchronization with the input signals.  
  In general. as discussed above. it is desirable that the head is moved at a constant velocity and no alternation of the frequency of reoccurrence of the ink drops is permitted in operation. Providing that the velocity of movements of the head for asynchronous printing is identical with that for synchronous printing. the begin ning and end of the movements 02 the head should be made sharp and control thereof is much difficult.  
 OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE lN &#39;ENTlON An object of this invention is the provision of an ink jet printer capable of serving the functions of both successive and intermittent printing operations.  
  Another object of this invention is the provision ofan ink jet printer capable of facilitating intermittent drive scheme for the head or the record receiving member without alternation of the drop formation frequency.  
  In accordance with this invention. when the recorder is in intermittent printing mode. the velocity of [limements of the head is altered to a small rate so that the printing velocity is decreased by lowering a ratio of the ink drops charged with the charging signals to the total number of ink drops in the jet or stream of ink drops. An ink charging technique disclosed in a US. Pat. No. 3.562.757 teaches the provision of guard drops between the charged drops. lt should be noted that they act as a shield to minimize the adverse effects of drop charge repulsion but do not serve to control the print ing velocity.  
  These and other objects of this invention are achieved. in a preferred embodiment. by an arrangement wherein the exciting signals for the ultrasonic transducer secured to the nozzle are entered into a charging signal generator via a variable frequency divider and the ratio of the ink drops each having a charge to the number of ink drops in the jet stream is modified and the moving velocity of the head is varied proportionally with the modification of the ratio of the charged to uncharged drops. permitting the printing ve locity to fall during the intermittent printing mode.  
 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWlNGS FIG. l is a block schematic diagram showing a circuit arrangement of an embodyment of this invention.  
  FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram showing a circuit arrangement of another embodyment of this invention with a simplified frequency divider.  
 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODYMENTS Referring now to FIG. I. there is illustrated an ink jet system printer of a type controlling the amplitude of charge wherein. by exciting an ultrasonic transducer (not shown) tightly secured to a nozzle 2. ink liquid issuing under pressure from the nozzle 2 breaks up into drops 4 at a predetermined rate. The ink drop 4 is controlled in amplitude of charges thereon upon application of charging signals to a charging electrode and then deflected electrostatically in accordance with the amplitude of charges carried by the drops by means of a pair of deflection plates 8 to make records on a re cord receiving paper wound on a drum 10.  
  The ultrasonic transducer is excited at all times in operation of the recorder and the ink drops 4 are successively emitted from the nozzle 2. The ink drops 4 serving no function of printing are collected and returned to the nozzle 2 after they impinge upon a screen 12 as is well known in the art.  
  The vertical deflection of the ink drops 4 is practiced by the electrostatic deflection previously described. whereas the displacements thereof in the horizontal direction are effected by horizontal movements of the printing head I earring the nozzle 2 and the charging electrode 6.  
  In the ink jet printer of the type briefly described above the printing velocity can be espressed as fol lows:  
 is tm u lui wherefis the exciting frequency ofthe ultrasonic transducer. m is the number of dots in the lateral direction of a character pattern. n is the number of dots in the longitudinal direction ofthe character pattern. In is the numbers of dots indicative of a spacing between the two characters. and K is a thinning coefficient indicative of a ratio of the ink drops 4 receiving the charging signals to the ink drops 4 projected from the nozzle 2.  
  In accordance with inventive concept of this inven tion both the thinning coefficient set forth in the equa tion t l and the \elocity of horizontal advancement of the head I are modified for control purpose of the printing velocity V,  
  In the illustrated embodyment output signals from a high velocity input device 14 such as tape recorders. etc. which operates at a high rate. namely. the same rate as that of the printing head 1 in a continuous printing mode (255 characters per second in this example).  
 are connected with a terminal [5 of a transmission/ reception selection switch 18 and high velocity control signals X in input information are connected with a control circuit 30 to be later explained. An intermittent or low velocity input device 16 such as keyboards or typewritters includes character (and numeral) key switches and encoders. The outputs from the intermittent input device l6 are asynchronous and provided at a low velocity (normally. less are l0 characters per second) and then connected with the other terminal 17 of the switch 18. Low \elocity control signals Y containing the input information from the intermittent input device 16 are similarly introduced to the control circuit 30. As shown in FIG. 1. the high velocity input device l4 provides the high velocity control signals X when in its operative condition while the low velocity input device [6 provides the low velocity control signals Y when in its operative condition. Provision of these signals X and Y may be accomplished through the use of various types of circuits well known to one skilled in the art. such as flip-flops.  
  A common terminal I) of the switch 18 is connected with an input terminal of a buffer memory 22 included in a charging signal generator 21. in accordance with conventional ink drop printing techniques the charging signals to be supplied to the charging electrode 6 should he of the graded waveform type (see for example. L&#39;.S. Pat. No. 3.198.030 to Lewis et al. Jan. [0. I967 with particular reference to FIG. 4).  
  Circuit arrangements suited for this purpose have been shown or disclosed in prior art systems are within the purview of one of ordinary skill in the art and the construction and operation of the charging signal generator circuit arrangement are not critical to the primary object of the present invention. namely. the sys tem for modifying the printing velocity in compliance with the velocity of inputs to be printed. In the illustrated embodiment. the generator 2] for generating charging signals to the charging electrode 6. namely comprises the buffer memory 22. read only memory 24 and a video generator 26. The charging signals must be synchronized with the dot formation timing and with the position of the ink drops in the dot matrix to form \arious printed characters. In this regard. the video counter 28 counts the number of ink drops to be charged with the charging signals and determines the position of the ink drops in the dot matrix by counting the pulses applied thereto from the adjustable frequency divider 48. In this embodiment the video counter 28 is implemented to count the number representing the product mn. where m is the number of dots in the lateral direction of the dot (character) matrix and n is the number of dots in the longitudinal direction of that matrix as previously defined herein. This count may be accomplished by any suitable counter of a type well known in the art or combinations of such counters which is also a well known expedient. The generator 21 comprises the above buffer memory 22 temporarily storing the input information and synchronizing the same with operation of the printer. :1 read only memory 24 providing a train of ink drop control pulse signals each corresponding to individual dots of the character pattern. to be printed a video generator 26 providing both deflecting signals. and charging signals. the deflecting signals. being sampled by the ink drop control pulse signals to provide the charging signals. a video counter 28 counting the number of the ink drops to be charged with the charging signals out of the ink drops projected from the nozzle 2 and the control circuit 30 timing the various circuit arrangement.  
  The control circuit 30 is adapted so that the circuit produces 1. continuous operation control signal Z when it receives the high velocity control signals X from the high velocity input device 14,  
 2. intermittent operation control signals W when it receives the low velocity control signals Y from the low velocity input device 16. and frequency division rate control signals (ON in response to the high velocity control signals X and the low velocity control signals Y. The circuit 30 may be constituted by known logic circuits. since&#39; the correlation between the inputs and outputs thereof may be simply expressed under logical formulas within the purview of those of ordinary skill in the art.  
  Continuous operation control signals Z included in outputs from the control circuit 30 are applied to a continuous drive circuit 32 for the printing head 1 and intermittent operation control signals W therein are applied to an intermittent drive circuit 34 for the same.  
  Outputs from a printing head position detector 36 also control both the continuous and intermittent drive circuits 32. 34. of which outputs are entered into a servomotor 40 via an OR circuit 38. The servomotor 40 is mechanically coupled with the printing head 1 to control the horizontal movements thereof. The velocity of movements of the printing head I is determined by the continuous and intermittent drive control signals Z. W together with frequency division rate control signals CON and thus is controlled in accordance with the ratio of the ink drops charged with the charging signals to the number of drops 4 in the stream of ink drops. Suitable print head positioning arrangments are well known in the prior art. such as that shown in FIG. 5 of US. Pat. No. 3.298.030 to Lewis et al. issued Jan.  
  The exciting signals which activate the ultrasonic transducer 2A secured to the nozzle 2 are derived from an ultrasonic amplifier -H amplifying outputs from an oscillator 42. Typically. the oscillation frequency of the oscillator 42 is ZSKHZ which is provided from twostage fliptlops added to a ltltlKHz crystal oscillator. The outputs from the oscillator 42 also are introduced to an adjustable frequency divider 48 to convert to low frequency signals and thereafter are entered to the video counter 28 in the charging signal generator 2|. The frequency division rate ofthe frequency div ider 48 is variable in accordance with the frequency division control signals CON which in the control circuit are produced based upon the connection relations with the high velocity input device H or the intermittent and low velocity input device 16. In this way a rate of the frequency division is dependent upon the rate of the input information.  
  When the high velocity input device 14 is coupled with the system. the ink jet printer will operate as follows:  
  From the high velocity input device 14 such as tape recorders the high velocity control signals X are applied to the control circuit 30 and the adjustable frequency divider 48 is set at a desired rate of frequency division corresponding to the input rate of the high velocity input device 14 by means of the frequency division rate control signals CON. In the other hand the continuous drive control signals Z corresponding to the frequency division control signals are inputed from the control circuit 30 to the continuous drive circuit 32 for the printing head I so that continuous drive signals for the head are applied to the servomotor through the OR circuit 38 to effect continuous advancement of the printing head I.  
  At this time the input information from the high velocity input device 14 is applied via the switch 18 to the buffer memory 22 in the charging signal generator 21. Various control signals for printing operation are simultaneously applied to individual circuit arrangements. The outputs front the oscillator 42 are impressed on the nozzle 2 through the ultrasonic amplifier 44 and thus the ink drops 4 are continuously projected from the nozzle 2. A portion of the outputs from the oscillator 42 activates the video counter 28 via the adjustable frequency divider 48. The video counter 28 starts counting in response to the control signals from the control circuit 30 and. transmits the input information stored in the buffer memory 22 to the read only memory 24 and the video generator 26 to produce the charging signals.  
  The printing head 1 is continuously advanced for one horizontal line of printing upon the appearance of the continuous drive control signals Z to effect the continuous printing operation at the high velocity. When the termination of one line of printing is reached. the signals of the position detector 36 causes head return signals from the continuous drive circuit 32 to be applied to the servomotor 40. It follows that the printing head I is returned to the original position and the drum [0 is rotated by one step equivalent to one line of the printing.  
  The operation of the intermittent mode of the present invention utilizing the manually operated intermittent input device 16 will now be described.  
  Upon depression of keys. etc.. the low velocity control signals Y are introduced to the control circuit 30 and the adjustable frequency divider 48 is set at the rate of frequency division which corresponds to the printing velocity ofthe intermittent mode. At the same time the intermittent drive control signals W corre sponding to the frequency division rate control signals (ON are introduced to the intermittent driv e circuit 34 so that intermittent drive signals for the head I are ap plied to the servomotor 40 via the OR circuit 38. The result of application of the outputs from the intermittent drive circuit 34 to the servomotor 40 is that the printing head I is advanced and then stopped at the place just before the first character printing position.  
  The data information from the intermittent input device I6 is introduced to and stored in the buffer memory 22 and the video counter 28 starts counting upon the appearance ofthe control signals on line 28A from the control circuit 30 to initiate the printing operation.  
  At this time. since signals applied to the video counter 28 are identical with the signals which are provided by considerable frequency division in the adjustable frequency divider 48 of the ISKHZ ultrasonic transducer exciting signals. the number ofthe ink drops 4 directly associated with printing (charged ink drops) substantially decreases in relation to the total number ofdrops emitted front the nozzle 2 over a given interval and accordingly the velocity of travel of the printing head 1 becomes lower. Accordingly time required to acceleration the printing head I is shortened and control of intermittent drive of the printing head I is readily accomplished.  
  Upon completion ofone character printing the printing head I is stopped in response to the intermittent drive control signals W. In such way the printing head 1 is intermittently advanced at every key depression of the input device 16 and. after reaching the end position of a printing character line. is returned to the original position or the start position of the next character line upon appearance ofthe signals front the position detector 36. Paper feeding is. thereafter. allowed and the system is ready to commence the next line of printing.  
  FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of this invention for the purpose of simplifying implementation of the variable frequency divider 48 shown in FIG. 1. wherein corresponding parts are given reference numerals which correspond to those of FIG. 1.  
  Outputs of an oscillator 42 are applied to and divided into an ultrasonic amplifier 44 and a first frequency divider 50 by which provision is to minimize the adverse effects of electric charge repulsion between adjacent ink drops 4 by alternate application of the charging signals to the ink drops. This first frequency divider 50 is made of a single flip-flop of which the output terminal is connected with the input terminal of the second frequency divider 52 for the purpose of a considerable reduction in the printing velocity and the output is also connected with a terminal Sl ofa switch 54. The provision of the second frequency divider S2 is to reduce largely the number of the ink drops having the charges on them. namely. ink drops directly associated with the printing thereby to decrease the printing velocity. This differs from the first frequency divider 50 in that the frequency division rate of the former 52 is larger. for example. l/lU l/20. than that of the latter S0. The frequency division rate of the second divider S2 is further variable in accordance with the types of input devices.  
  The output terminal of the second frequency divider 52 is connected with the other terminal 53 of the switch 54 of which the common terminal 55 is. in turn. connected with the input terminal ofthe video counter 28. The switch 54 moves in unison \vith the switch [8. In the case vv here the printer serves as a high velocity terminating receiver the movable terminals of the svvitcltcs I8. 54 are turned to the terminals l5. 5].  
  The operation of the printer is as follows: The high velocity control signals X from the high velocity input devices 14 such as tape recorders are entered into the control circuit 30 and at this time the continuous drive control signals Z are entered into the continuous drive circuit 32 for the printing head i. Thus the printing head I starts travelling upon supply of the continuous drive signals to the servomotor 40 via the ()R circuit 38. Simultaneously. the input information signals from the high velocity input device H are fed to the buffer memory 22 within the charging signal generator 21 through the svvitch iii. The control circuit 30 provides the printing control signals to various circuits. ln the meanwhile. the nozzle 2 receives the outputs from the oscillator 42 through the ultrasonic amplifier 44 and issues a continuous stream ofthe ink drops 4. A portion of the outputs from the oscillator 42 is frequencyhalved by the first frequency divider 50 and supplied to the video counter 28 through the switch 54.  
  Other modes of the operation are substantially the same as that shown in FIG. I and will not be described.  
  in the case where the movable terminals of the switches 18. 54 are turned to the terminals [5. 51. re spectively the printer serves as a high velocity terminating receiver in which ink drops 4 projected from the nozzle 2 are subjected to alternate application of the charging signals thereto and then the printing head 1 is continuously advanced for a single rovv of the printing characters.  
  On the other hand. in the case where the ink jet printer is used as a manually operated low velocity terminating transmitter having the printing function. the switches 18. 54 are turned to the terminals 17. 53. respectively. In this instance the manual operation of the intermittent input device l6 equipped with a keyboard produces the low velocity control signals Y which are introduced to the control circuit 30 to output the intermittent drive control signals W. They are inputed to the intermittent drive circuit 34. The outputs of the inter mittent drive circuit 34 applied to the servomoior 40 causes the printing head I to move to the position just before the first character printing position. Then. the information from the intermittent input device 16 is applied to the buffer memory 22 and the video counter 28 starts counting in response to the control signals from the control circuit 30. Thus. printing is initiated.  
  At this time the signals applied to the video counter 28 are ones provided by a considerable frequency reduction of the ZSKHZ ultrasonic transducer exciting signals deribed from the oscillator 42. This procedure is accomplished by both the first and second frequency dividers 50. 52. Therefore. the number of the ink drops 4 directly relating to the record printing lcharged ink drops) decreases to a product 1 IMO) of the frequency division rate tone/halfl of the first divider 50 and that (1/20) of the second divider 52. The intermittent drive control signals W are dependant upon the product of the frequency division. Accordingly. the rate of travel of the printing head 1 is reduced during the intermit tent printing mode and the acceleration thereof also is reduced to facilitate control of the head advancement operation.  
 (ill  
  After completion of printing of a single row of characters the printing head I is prevented from travelling. depending upon the intermittent drive control signals W. The head 1 is then caused to return to the original position by the signals from the position detector 36.  
  It should be noted that the rates of the frequency division in the first and second frequency dividers 50, 52 are determined by various factors such as the oscillat ing frequency of the oscillator 42&#39;, the repulsion force everted betvveen the charged ink drops. and the printing velocity proper to the intermittent type printing procedure and thus are not necessarily hinted to one/ half and oneftvventieth as briefly described above. Al though the printing head 1 carrying the nozzle 2 and the charging electrode 6 is advanced in a horizontal direction in the above embodiments. it may be fixed and. the drum earring the record receiving member be moved in the horizontal direction to provide the rela tive horizontal displacement therebetvveen.  
 We claim:  
  I. An ink jet system printer of a charge amplitude controlling type comprising a nozzle.  
 an ultrasonic transducer esciting the nozzle for issuing a stream of ink drops. charging electrode for charging the ink drops from the nozzle. a charging signal generator for providing charging signals to be applied to the charging electrode in accordance with input information to be recorded. pair of deflection electrodes for deflecting the charged ink drops into selective trajectories in accordance with the amplitudes of charges on the ink drops by means of a fixed field potential between said electrodes. at record receiving member for forming images indic ative of the input information by means of deposition of the charged and deflected ink drops. a head carrying the nozzle and the charging elec trode.  
 drive means for moving the head transversely of said trajectories.  
 an oscillator providing an output signal of a predetermined frequency for activating the ultrasonic transducer.  
 a high velocity input device for continuously introducing the input information to the charging signal generator at a high rate and providing a high velocity control signal.  
 a lovv velocity input device for intermittently introducing the input information to the charging signal generator at a lower rate and providing a low velocity control signal.  
 a first selection circuit for selecting any one of the input devices to selectively convert said printing unit to a high velocity printing unit and a low velocity printing unit.  
 control means connected with said input devices and responsive to said high and low velocity control signals to provide high and low rate control signals and high and lovv velocity drive signals in correla tion with the selective energization ofsaid input devices.  
 a frequency divider connected vvith said control means and the output of said oscillator responsive to said high and lovv rate control signals to effect a variable rate of frequency division. and means for applying the output from said oscillator to the said drive means connected with said control means and responsive to said high and low velocity dri\e signals to modify the velocity of movement of said head in correlation with said ratio to thereby control the printing velocity of said printer,