Patent Publication Number: US-2020294755-A1

Title: Apparatus, system and techniques for mass analyzed ion beam

Description:
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The disclosure relates generally to ion beam apparatus and more particularly to ion implanters having mass analysis. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Ion implantation is a process of introducing dopants or impurities into a substrate via bombardment. Ion implantation systems (“ion implanters”) may comprise an ion source and a substrate stage or process chamber, housing a substrate to be implanted. The ion source may comprise a chamber where ions are generated. Beamline ion implanters may include a series of beam-line components, for example, a mass analyzer, a collimator, and various components to accelerate or decelerate the ion beam. 
     A useful function of an ion implanter beamline is to separate ions of different masses so that an ion beam may be formed having the desired ions for treating the work piece or substrate, while undesirable ions are intercepted in a beamline component and do not reach the substrate. In known systems, this mass analysis function is provided by an analyzing magnet, which component bends a beam of ions that all have the same energy in a curve whose radius depends on the ion mass, thus achieving the required separation. Magnets of this kind, however, are large, expensive and heavy and represent a significant fraction of the cost and power consumption of an ion implanter. 
     For relatively lower energy ion implantation, such as energy below approximately 50 keV, compact ion beam systems have been developed. These ion beam systems may include a plasma chamber acting as ion source, and placed adjacent a process chamber, housing the substrate to be implanted. An ion beam may be extracted from the plasma chamber using an extraction grid or other extraction optics to provide an ion beam to the substrate, with a desired beam shape, such as a ribbon beam. In these latter systems, mass analysis may be omitted because of size/space considerations for installing a magnetic analyzer, as discussed above, as well as cost. Thus, the use of such compact ion beam systems may be limited to applications where purity of implanting species is not a strict requirement. 
     With respect to these and other considerations, the present disclosure is provided. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     In one embodiment, an apparatus may include a housing including an entrance aperture, to receive an ion beam, and an exit aperture, disposed in the housing, downstream to the entrance aperture, where the entrance aperture and the exit aperture define a beam axis, extending therebetween. The apparatus may include an electrodynamic mass analysis assembly disposed in the housing and comprising an upper electrode assembly, disposed above the beam axis, as well as a lower electrode assembly, disposed below the beam axis. The apparatus may include an AC voltage assembly, electrically coupled to the upper electrode assembly and the lower electrode assembly. The upper electrode assembly may be arranged to receive an AC signal from the AC voltage assembly at a first phase angle, and the lower electrode assembly may be arranged to receive the AC signal at a second phase angle, the second phase angle being 180 degrees shifted from the first phase angle. 
     In another embodiment, a system may include an ion source, disposed to generate an ion beam and an electrodynamic mass analysis device. The electrodynamic mass analysis device may include an entrance aperture, disposed to receive the ion beam and an exit aperture, disposed downstream to the entrance aperture, where the entrance aperture and the exit aperture define a beam axis, extending therebetween. The electrodynamic mass analysis device may further include an upper electrode assembly, disposed above the first axis; and a lower electrode assembly, disposed below the first axis. The system may also include a process chamber, disposed downstream of the exit aperture, the process chamber comprising a substrate stage, and an AC voltage assembly, electrically coupled to the upper electrode assembly and the lower electrode assembly. 
     In a further embodiment, a method of processing an ion beam may include generating the ion beam as a continuous ion beam and directing the continuous ion beam along a beam axis into an electrodynamic mass analysis (EDMA) device. The EDMA device may include an upper electrode assembly, disposed above the beam axis, and a lower electrode assembly, disposed below the beam axis. The method may include conducting the continuous ion beam through the EDMA device while applying an AC voltage signal at a target frequency and a target voltage amplitude to the upper electrode assembly and to the lower electrode assembly. As such, a target ion species having a first mass may exit the EDMA device along the first axis, wherein an impurity ion species having a second mass, different from the first mass does not exit the EDMA device along the first axis, and wherein a mass analyzed ion beam exits the EDMA device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  shows an exemplary apparatus, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 1B  depicts the geometry for mass analysis of an ion beam using the apparatus of  FIG. 1A ; 
         FIG. 2A  shows the trajectories of a target ion species according to one scenario for operating the apparatus of  FIG. 1A , according to other embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 2B  shows the trajectories of an impurity ion species according to the scenario of  FIG. 2A ; 
         FIG. 2C  shows the trajectories of another impurity ion species according to the scenario of  FIG. 2A ; 
         FIG. 2D  shows a calculated filter profile for the apparatus of  FIG. 1A ; 
         FIG. 2E  illustrates simulated 11 amu target ion trajectories for operating an apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 2F  illustrates simulated 3 amu impurity ion trajectories for operating under the conditions of  FIG. 2E ; 
         FIG. 2G  illustrates simulated 19 amu impurity ion trajectories for operating under the conditions of  FIG. 2E ; 
         FIG. 3A ,  FIG. 3B , and  FIG. 3C  illustrate simulated 11 amu, 3 amu, and 19 amu ion trajectories, respectively, for operating another apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  depicts an exemplary system, arranged in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure; and 
         FIG. 5  depicts an exemplary process flow according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     The drawings are not necessarily to scale. The drawings are merely representations, not intended to portray specific parameters of the disclosure. The drawings are intended to depict exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, and therefore are not be considered as limiting in scope. In the drawings, like numbering represents like elements. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     An apparatus, system and method in accordance with the present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, where embodiments of the system and method are shown. The system and method may be embodied in many different forms and are not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Instead, these embodiments are provided so this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the system and method to those skilled in the art. 
     As used herein, an element or operation recited in the singular and proceeded with the word “a” or “an” are understood as potentially including plural elements or operations as well. Furthermore, references to “one embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as precluding the existence of additional embodiments also incorporating the recited features. 
     Provided herein are approaches for mass analyzed ion implantation systems, using a novel mass analysis device. In various embodiments the mass analysis device may be implemented in beamline ion implanters or in compact ion beam systems. 
       FIG. 1A  depicts an apparatus  100 , according to various embodiments of the disclosure. The apparatus  100  may generally act as a mass filter, referred to herein as an electrodynamic mass analysis (EDMA) device. According to various embodiments, the apparatus  100  may be deployed in a compact ion beam system, or alternatively, in a beamline ion implantation system (ion implanter). For purposes of clarity, the structure of the apparatus  100  may be shown in somewhat idealized form, where the relative dimensions of various portions or parts of the apparatus  100  may or may not be drawn to scale. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1A  the apparatus  100  may include an enclosure  103  including an entrance aperture  106 , to receive an ion beam, as well as an exit aperture  108 , disposed downstream to the entrance aperture  106 . The entrance aperture  106  and the exit aperture  108  may define a beam axis  101 , extending between the entrance aperture  106  and the exit aperture  108 . In the example of  FIG. 1A , the beam axis  101  lies parallel to the Z-axis of the Cartesian coordinate system shown. As detailed with respect to the various figures to follow, the apparatus  100  may be operated in a manner where select ions of a desired mass enter through entrance aperture  106  having trajectories generally parallel to the beam axis  101  and exit through the exit aperture generally parallel to the beam axis  101 , while being deflected along different trajectories within the interior of the apparatus  100 . 
     To perform mass analysis, the apparatus  100  may include an electrodynamic mass analysis assembly, including an upper electrode assembly  102 , disposed above the beam axis  101 , and a lower electrode assembly  104 , disposed below the beam axis  101 . 
     In some embodiments, the upper electrode assembly  102  and the lower electrode assembly  104  may include a plurality of electrodes, where the plurality of electrodes are elongated along an electrode axis (represented by the X-axis) where the electrode axis extends perpendicularly to the beam axis. This configuration may be especially suitable for treating ribbon beams, where the ribbon beam is characterized by a long axis in cross-section extending along the X-axis. However, in other embodiments the electrodes of the apparatus  100  may treat a spot or pencil beam having a more equiaxed shape in cross-section. 
     The upper electrode assembly  102  may include an upper entrance electrode  112 , disposed in an entrance chamber  110 , a main upper electrode assembly  122 , disposed in a main chamber  120 , downstream to the upper entrance electrode  112 , and an upper exit electrode  132 , disposed downstream to the main upper electrode assembly  122 . 
     The lower electrode assembly  104  may include a lower entrance electrode  114 , disposed in the entrance chamber  110 , a main lower electrode assembly  124 , disposed in the main chamber  120 , and a lower exit electrode  134 , disposed downstream to the main lower electrode assembly  124 . 
     According to various embodiments, the main upper electrode assembly  122  and the main lower electrode assembly  124  may define a flared relationship, wherein a separation between the main upper electrode assembly and the main lower electrode assembly increases between an upstream position of the main chamber and a downstream position of the main chamber. This flared relationship may aid in reducing ion impacts from an ion beam traveling through the enclosure  103 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1A , the apparatus  100  may also include a beam blocker  109 , disposed in the main chamber  120 , and extending across the beam axis  101 . The beam blocker  109  may be set at ground potential, where the operation of beam blocker  109  is further detailed below. 
     The apparatus  100  may include a ground tunnel in the entrance chamber  110 , disposed downstream of the upper entrance electrode  112  and the lower entrance electrode  114 . As shown in  FIG. 1A , the ground tunnel may include an upper portion  116 , disposed above the beam axis  101  and a lower portion  118 , disposed below the beam axis  101 . In various embodiment, the ground tunnel may also be characterized by a flared shape in the Y-Z plane, as shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     The apparatus  100  may include an AC voltage assembly  160 , electrically coupled to the upper electrode assembly  102  and the lower electrode assembly  104 . As described in more detail below, the upper electrode assembly  102  may be arranged to receive an AC signal from the AC voltage assembly  160  at a first phase angle, while the lower electrode assembly  104  is arranged to receive the AC signal at a second phase angle, the second phase angle being 180 degrees shifted from the first phase angle. 
     In brief, the provision of an AC voltage signal (see AC voltage assembly  160  of  FIG. 1 ) to the electrodes of apparatus  100  facilitates deflection of ions along different trajectories according to their mass and arrival time in the entrance aperture  106 . In various non-limiting embodiments, the AC signal may have a frequency of 200 kHz to 100 MHz. Moreover, in some embodiments, the AC signal may have a voltage where a maximum voltage amplitude is between 1 kV to 100 kV. As detailed below, within such energy range and frequency range, ions having different mass may be conveniently filtered when traveling through an electrodynamic mass analysis device, such as the apparatus  100 . 
       FIG. 1B  illustrates general features of the geometry for mass filtering performed by the apparatus of  FIG. 1A , showing the various components inside enclosure  103 , as well as an ion beam  150 . The ion beam  150  may enter the enclosure  103  from the left through entrance aperture  106  (see  FIG. 1A ). The ion beam  150  may include process ions  154 , shown as curved trajectories, and representing ions of a targeted mass for use in implantation, for example. Other impurity species may be present in the ion beam  150  before entering the enclosure  103 . These impurities are represented by the ions  152 . By application of an AC voltage signal having an appropriate frequency, as well as voltage amplitude, the process ions  154  are deflected in the trajectories shown in the solid curves, and exit the enclosure  103  via the exit aperture  108  (see  FIG. 1A ), generally parallel to the beam axis  101  and close enough to the beam axis  101  to exit through the exit aperture  108 , as shown. Upon exit along the beam axis, such ions may then be transported downstream to a substrate to be processed. 
     The ions  152  have a different mass than the mass of process ions  154 . Again, by appropriate selection of various parameters, the ions  152  may be deflected along trajectories that cause the ions  152  to be captured within the enclosure  103 , or may be caused to exit through exit aperture  108  along trajectories that are not parallel to the beam axis  101 , and thus to not strike a substrate to be processed. These various parameters may include frequency of the applied AC voltage, voltage amplitude, as well as the geometrical arrangement of various components within the enclosure  103 . 
       FIG. 2A  shows one scenario for operating the apparatus  100  of  FIG. 1A , according to other embodiments of the disclosure. In this scenario, a 20 keV  11 B +  ion beam enters the apparatus  100  from the left. The boron ions represent the targeted ions to be transported through the apparatus  100 , with minimal filtering loss. The ion beam  202  is made of individual ions traveling with a velocity determined by their energy and mass, generally along the beam axis  101  during entry into the enclosure  103 . The scenario of  FIG. 2A  represents the simulation of the trajectories of various different ions that enter the enclosure at different instances. An AC signal is applied to generate a 2 MHz sinusoidally varying time-dependent field in the vertical direction (Y-axis) with a maximum amplitude of 2E5V/m. The AC signal is applied in a manner so that at any given instance, electrodes of the upper electrode assembly  102  are driven by a first voltage signal that is 180 degrees out of phase with a second voltage signal at the lower electrode assembly  104 . This phase shift establishes the time-dependent electric field along the Y-axis. The electric fielded is shielded in portions of the enclosure  103  that are grounded, such as between upper portion  116  and lower portion  118  of the ground tunnel, and also in a region just upstream of the upper exit electrode  132  and lower exit electrode  134 . As shown by the various trajectories, representing different arrival times, corresponding to different phases of the AC signal, the ion beam  202  returns to the original line of flight and the original angle, oriented along the beam axis  101 , regardless of the phase (arrival time) for different ions. In the example of  FIG. 2A , the dimensions (shown in meters) are such that the ions of ion beam  202  traverse through the enclosure  103  in approximately one cycle (360 degrees). 
     As the ions enter the enclosure  103 , the electric field appears on for approximately 65° adjacent the upper entrance electrode  112  and lower entrance electrode  114 . The electric field appears off for approximately 65°, adjacent the ground tunnel, on for approximately 175°, in the left portion of the main chamber  120 , off for approximately 65° and then on for approximately 65°, toward the right of the main chamber  120  and left of the exit chamber  130 . This arrangement causes the trajectory of any given ion to be bent initially in the entrance chamber  110 , to drift in a straight line adjacent the ground tunnel, to be bent again in the initial portion of the main chamber  120 , to drift in a straight line while exiting the main chamber  120 , and to again be bent in the exit chamber  130 . 
       FIG. 2B  shows the trajectories of impurity ions having a mass of 1 amu, according to the scenario for operating the apparatus  100  of  FIG. 2A . Thus, the same AC voltage signal is applied to deflect the ions  204 , as the AC voltage signal used to deflect the ions  202 . Because the mass of the ions  204  is much lighter than for ions  202 , the ions  204  travel through the enclosure  103  much faster, and after being deflected in an initial direction, off of the beam axis  101 , are collected in the interior walls, because the electric field does not switch rapidly enough to reverse the initial deflection. 
       FIG. 2C  shows the trajectories of impurity ions having a mass of 40 amu, according to the scenario for operating the apparatus  100  of  FIG. 2A . In this example, the much heavier ions, ions  206 , travel much more slowly than ions  202 , will experience less transverse deflection along the Y-axis, and may be deflected through multiple cycles while traveling through the enclosure  103 . The ions  206  thus tend to travel along more overall linear trajectories as shown, while some ions, depending upon their arrival time in the apparatus  100 , may tend to travel along the beam axis  101  or close to the beam axis  101 . To ensure that such heavier ions are properly screened, the beam blocker  109  may be provided to extend across the beam axis  101  and to intercept any ions traveling along the beam axis  101 . Notably any of the ions  206 , tending to exit through exit aperture  108  will exhibit trajectories that are not parallel to the beam axis  101 , and may be intercepted at different components downstream, before striking a substrate. 
       FIG. 2D  shows a calculated filter profile for the apparatus of  FIG. 1A , based upon filtering for mass in the range of 10-11 amu (boron). 
     In accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure, the dimensions and the operation of the apparatus  100  may be engineered to accommodate a wide variety of ion beam sizes, ion energies, ion masses and AC frequencies. These parameters are related by the simple equation 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   L 
                   = 
                   
                     
                       n 
                       f 
                     
                      
                     
                       
                         
                           2 
                            
                           E 
                         
                         m 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Eq 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   1 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     where L is the length from the entrance to the exit of the enclosure  103 , n is the number of cycles of the AC voltage of frequency f, E is the ion energy and m is the ion mass. The parameter n depends on the detailed trajectory chosen, and may in general be an integer or non-integer value. In the arrangement of  FIG. 2A , n is chosen to be 1. Table 1 shows a sample of the possible masses, energies, frequencies and lengths that may be used to filter different ions. The minimum length may be limited by the geometry of the incoming ion beam: in order to achieve good separation, the length has to be more than approximately 10 times the height of the ion beam along the Y-axis. If the incoming ion beam has a wide range of angles, the length should be short enough that the initial angle spread does not overcome the mass separation. As dimensions of enclosure  103  on the order of several centimeters to less than one meter may accommodate many well-known implant species for mass filtering, using frequencies in the range of hundreds of kHz to less than 10 MHz. The embodiments are not limited in this context. In view of the above, according to some embodiments, the enclosure  103  may be constructed to have a targeted length for a given implant species. Thus, given an AC voltage assembly operating at 2 MHz, for 10 KeV energy, an enclosure  103  having a length of 0.21 M may be to construct an EDMA device appropriate for transmitting boron ions, while an EDMA device using enclosure  103  having a length of 0.12 m may be appropriate for transmitting 10 keV phosphorous ions. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE I 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ion  
                 H  
                 B  
                 P  
                 As 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mass (amu)  
                 1  
                 1  
                 1  
                 11  
                 11  
                 11  
                 31  
                 31  
                 31  
                 75  
                 75  
                 75  
               
               
                 Energy (keV)  
                 1  
                 5  
                 10  
                 10  
                 10  
                 20  
                 10  
                 10  
                 30  
                 10  
                 30  
                 30  
               
               
                 Frequency (kHz)  
                 6780  
                 6780  
                 2000  
                 2000  
                 6780  
                 2000  
                 1200  
                 2000  
                 2000  
                 800  
                 1200  
                 2000  
               
               
                 Length (m)  
                 0.06  
                 0.14  
                 0.69  
                 0.21  
                 0.06  
                 0.30  
                 0.21  
                 0.12  
                 0.22  
                 0.20  
                 0.23  
                 0.14 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Notably, in other embodiments, a given EDMA device having a given length of enclosure  103  (along the Z-axis), may be used to transmit different ion species by changing the frequency applied to the electrodes or the energy of the incoming beam, as appropriate. Table II provides a set of ion energies corresponding to a length L (see Eq. 1) of 0.3 m for enclosure  103 , as a function of AC voltage frequency for hydrogen (amu=1), boron (amu=11), phosphorous (amu=31), and arsenic (amu=75). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE II 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 L(m) = 0.3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 M(amu) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 1 
                 11 
                 31 
                 75 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Energy (keV) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Frequency 
                 800 
                 0.3 
                 3.3 
                 9.3 
                 23 
               
               
                 (kHz) 
                 1200 
                 0.7 
                 7.4 
                 21 
                 50.7 
               
               
                   
                 2000 
                 1.9 
                 21 
                 58 
                 141 
               
               
                   
                 6780 
                 22 
                 237 
                 669 
                 1619 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in table II., for a given ion energy (e.g. 22 keV+/−1 eV), the frequency of the AC voltage decreases with increasing mass (showing a square root dependence), but well within the range of commercially available RF supplies. Thus, different AC voltage (RF voltage in this case) supplies may be used as appropriate to drive the same enclosure having a given length L, in order to transmit ions of different masses for a given ion energy. 
     More generally, the dimensions of drift regions, deflection regions, and number of different regions may be tailored to optimize EDMA device performance. 
       FIG. 2E  illustrates simulated 11 amu target ion trajectories for operating an apparatus  240  in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. In this example, the ion trajectories are simulated trajectories for 20 keV  11 B +  ion beam by a 2 MHz sinusoidally varying time dependent field in the Y-axis direction with a maximum amplitude of 2E5V/m. The apparatus is generally arranged as in apparatus  100 , while no beam blocker is present. Again, the ions  250  travel from left to right with different trajectories representing different ion arrival times. The apparatus is divided into different sections according to whether a deflecting electric field is present, including deflection region  252 , drift region  254 , deflection region  256 , drift region  258 , and deflection region  260 . As with  FIG. 2A , the ion trajectories all diverge and then reconverge on a beam axis (0.00 in the Z-direction). Thus, boron ions will tend to proceed through the apparatus  240 . 
       FIG. 2F  illustrates simulated 3 amu impurity ion trajectories for operating under the conditions of  FIG. 2E . In this example, the lighter ions, ions  270 , are again collected off the beam axis and do not complete a cycle, showing divergent paths to the right of the apparatus  240   
       FIG. 2G  illustrates simulated 19 amu impurity ion trajectories for operating under the conditions of  FIG. 2E . In this case, the heavier ions, ions  280 , are deflected through more than one cycle, but again do not converge along the beam axis. 
       FIG. 3A ,  FIG. 3B , and  FIG. 3C  illustrate simulated 11 amu, 3 amu, and 19 amu ion trajectories, respectively, for operating another apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. In this example, the apparatus  300  is arranged with a first deflection region  304 , drift region  306 , and second deflection region  308 . Thus, the powered electrodes (not shown) in the apparatus  300  may be arranged toward the entrance of an enclosure and toward the exit of the enclosure, while a grounded region is disposed in the middle of the enclosure. 
     In  FIG. 3A , a transverse deflection of a 20 keV  11 B +  ion beam by a 2 MHz sinusoidally varying time dependent field in the vertical direction with a maximum amplitude of 2E5V/m. The apparatus  300  is shown in very schematic form where the dimensions along the Z-axis for various regions are sized to treat the ion beam over 2.5 AC cycles (n=5/2) for the given frequency of the AC field. The field is shielded in the regions marked “drift”. The various curves represent trajectories of different ions of the ion beam, entering the apparatus  300  at different times. The trajectories of the different ions of the ion beam returns to the original line of flight (beam axis) and original angle regardless of the phase with which the particular ion of the ion beam enters the system. In region first deflection region  304 , the field is on for a full cycle, then shielded for a half cycle in drift region  306 , and then on again for a full cycle in second deflection region  308 . The ions  302  diverge and then converge along a beam axis as shown. 
     In  FIG. 3B , the 3 amu ions, ions  312 , travel much more rapidly through apparatus  300  and are not deflected through a full cycle, with divergent trajectories as shown. In  FIG. 3C , the 19 amu ions, ions  322 , are deflected in the apparatus  300  through more than one cycle, while generally diverging away from the beam axis, or in some occasions exiting along non-parallel directions. Thus, just 20 keV  11 B +  ions propagate through the apparatus  300  and exit at the proper position and along the proper direction. 
     As noted, an EDMA device arranged according to the present embodiments may be used to replace a magnetic mass analyzer, such as a known magnetic mass analyzer, used in beamline ion implanters. Moreover, the EDMA devices of the present embodiments may be used to construct a novel compact ion implantation apparatus having mass analysis capabilities.  FIG. 4  depicts a novel ion implantation system, shown as system  400 . In this embodiment, the apparatus  100  includes an ion source  402 . According to some variants, the ion source  402  may include a plasma chamber, excited by any suitable method, to generate a given ion species. The system  400  may include extraction optics  404 , coupled to a suppression supply  420  and an extraction supply  422 , to extract an ion beam  430 A, such as a ribbon beam (having a long axis along the X-axis). 
     The apparatus  100 , including enclosure  103 , having an electrode assembly disposed therein, and generally configured as described above with respect to  FIG. 1 , is disposed downstream of extraction optics  404 . The enclosure  103  is coupled to receive the ion beam  430 A, where the ion beam  430 A includes unanalyzed ions, where targeted ions for implantation may be mixed with impurity ions. The enclosure  103  is coupled to receive an AC voltage signal from AC voltage assembly  160 , to perform mass analysis, as described above. Notably, the AC voltage assembly may include known components, including generators, resonators, and circuitry to provide phase delay between voltage signals applied to the upper electrode assembly  102  and the lower electrode assembly  104 . Accordingly, a mass analyzed ion beam  430 B is directed out of the enclosure  103 . 
     The system  400  further includes a process chamber  410 , disposed downstream of the enclosure  103 , to receive a mass analyzed ion beam and expose a substrate  412  to the mass analyzed ion beam. In some embodiments, a substrate stage  414  may be provided in the process chamber  410 , to scan the substrate  412 , for example, along the Y direction, where the mass analyzed ion beam may be elongated along the X-direction. In this manner, the entirety of the substrate  412  may be exposed to the mass analyzed ion beam  430 B. As suggested in  FIG. 4 , and according to optional embodiments, the system  400  may include an energy filter  406 , arranged according to known electrostatic energy filters, to filter out ions an energetic neutrals that do not have the targeted final ion energy. To accomplish this energy filtering, the energy filter  406  may be coupled to a voltage source  408 , arranged to deflect the mass analyzed ion beam  430 B from a first axis, such as the beam axis in the enclosure  103 , to a process axis, which axis may be perpendicular to the plane of the substrate  412 . The energy filter may also include an accelerating or decelerating voltage to control the final energy of the beam. 
     Thus, a mass analyzed, energy filtered ion beam  430 C may be provided to the substrate  412 . Notably, in embodiments where the enclosure  103  has the dimensions on the order of several tenths of one meter, the entire distance between ion source  402  and process chamber  410  may be on the order of 1 meter or less. 
       FIG. 5  depicts an exemplary process flow  500  according to some embodiments of the disclosure. At block  502 , an ion beam is generated as a continuous ion beam. The ion beam may be generated by any convenient means according to various embodiments. 
     At block  504 , the continuous ion beam is directed along a beam axis into an electrodynamic mass analysis (EDMA) device. The EDMA device may include an upper electrode assembly and lower electrode assembly, where the upper electrode assembly is disposed above the beam axis and lower electrode assembly is disposed below the beam axis. 
     At block  506 , the continuous ion beam is conducted through the EDMA device while applying an AC voltage at a target frequency and target amplitude. The target frequency may be tuned according to the energy of the continuous ion beam and the target ion species to be transmitted through the EDMA device. As such, the target ion species having a first mass and a target energy exits the EDMA device along the beam axis, while ion species having a second mass, different from the target mass does not exit the EDMA device along the beam axis. In this manner, the impurity ion species may be filtered from continuing to propagate along the beam axis toward a substrate to be implanted. 
     In view of the foregoing, at least the following advantages are achieved by the embodiments disclosed herein. A first advantage is realized by providing a more compact mass analysis component for mass analyzing an ion beam. A second advantage is expense saved in providing an EDMA type system for mass analysis. A third advantage is provided in that high frequency AC fields used to perform mass analysis according to the present embodiments will probably not transport particles, and thus reduce particle contamination. A further advantage is the relatively higher throughput of the mass analyzer according to the present embodiments, simulated to be above 50% and in some cases as high as 70%. 
     While certain embodiments of the disclosure have been described herein, the disclosure is not limited thereto, as the disclosure is as broad in scope as the art will allow and the specification may be read likewise. Therefore, the above description are not to be construed as limiting. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.