Patent Publication Number: US-2022211126-A1

Title: Brim mounted face shields and methods of using same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of and claims benefit of and priority from U.S. application Ser. No. 16/935,160, filed Jul. 21, 2020 which claims the benefit of and priority from (i) U.S. Prov. App. No. 63/024,399, filed May 13, 2020, (ii) U.S. Prov. App. No. 63/006,632, filed Apr. 7, 2020, and (iii) U.S. Prov. App. No. 62/994,053, filed Mar. 24, 2020. The contents of each of the foregoing applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present disclosure relates generally to the field of face shields, and more particularly to a face protector for reducing the transmission of pathogens (including but not limited to viruses such as COVID-19) between individuals, wherein the face protector can be attached to the bill or brim of a cap, hat, visor or other headgear having a bill or brim. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Conventional face protectors of various types are on the market today. Existing products generally include either face shields built or integrated into helmet type designs or held directly on a person&#39;s head by straps (that may be of fixed length, elastic, or adjustable). Such conventional face protectors are used when a person is seeking protection from the environment. 
     Face protectors are needed in a wide variety of fields, including in medical settings (to shield the wearer from another person&#39;s coughing, sneezing, etc.), in construction environments (shielding the wearer from debris in the work environment), in indoor and outdoor work environments that require protecting the wearer from sunlight, wind, or other environmental dangers, and in laboratory environments that require shielding the wearer from spills, splatters, or other airborne materials, or working in an environment where there are potential projectile hazards, for which safety glasses are typically worn. Currently face shields are being used by non-specialized personnel in the context of their daily lives because of an epidemic. 
     Often face shields are designed to work with or are integrated into specialized headgear that adjustably adapts to a user&#39;s head size while also providing mounting means and stability for the face shield during use. However, this specialized headgear increases the cost of the unit and adds significant weight and bulk leading to discomfort. 
     At times, especially during emergencies such as pandemics like the 2020 coronavirus (COVID-19), there exists a rapidly increasing need for face coverings for use by medical, public service, and military personnel as well as by citizens to prevent the airborne spread of viral or bacterial disease. Existing masks can cover the nose and mouth but leaves the eyes unprotected from exposure. Existing face shield solutions are insufficient, as they are either too costly or too difficult to produce quickly in large quantities and transport such as shipping or storage for emergencies in the necessary mass quantities (such as designs requiring specialized structure to support the shield proximate the wearer&#39;s head) during the rapid spread of an infectious disease. 
     In addition, face coverings provide significant utility in protecting wearers from items other than viruses and bacteria. By way of example, face coverings protect the wearer from being struck by larger particles or debris, such as could be encountered on a construction site or workshop or while painting a ceiling. Face coverings may also protect the wearer from radiation or intense light (such as while welding), chemical contamination (such as acids used in laboratories and manufacturing), particulate, or animals (such as the protective face coverings worn by beekeepers). 
     Therefore, there exists a need for an improved lower cost face covering, as a readily available and mass producible shield that provides protection against the transmission of pathogens as well as providing other facial protections. There further exists a need for such a face shield that may be quickly and readily mass produced, stored, and transported. A particular need exists for such a face shield that can be easily manufactured in large quantities and ships flat so as to minimize shipping costs and maximize the number of such face shields that can be transported or stored in volume for use in an emergency in a minimum footprint in a given container or volume, while being conveniently assembled by the user without tools and applicable to a wide variety of readily available billed head coverings. A further need exists for a face shield that permits a user&#39;s face to be visible, so as to enable more productive and meaningful personal communications between wearers. 
     SUMMARY 
     Billed headgear (such as baseball caps, visors, and helmets) have existed for many years, with the bills or brims used to shade the user&#39;s eyes from the sun. Recently, the bill portion of baseball caps has become somewhat standardized as many (if not all) commonly available hats of this style have similar sizing and/or proportions used for the bill or visor. These caps have become standard wearables and are recognized for their comfort and convenience. Many individuals already own baseball caps and, because of their comfort and convenience, wear them in a variety of settings in which face coverings such as shields are also desirable. Accordingly, embodiments provide a face shield that does not increase the discomfort of a user significantly beyond the minimal discomfort already caused by wearing a hat, thereby improving compliance with restrictions mandating the use of face shields or coverings. Similarly, embodiments of transparent or translucent face shields supported by hats facilitate the ability to personalize and normalize use of face shields in everyday life, increasing both empathy and compliance during interpersonal interactions. 
     Embodiments of face shields support by headgear are fully compatible with other articles a user may wish to wear on his or her face, such as glasses, cloth masks, respirators, microphones, headphones, earpieces, or other items. Embodiments are adjustable in distance from a wearer&#39;s face and may be used with a wide variety of facial sizes, shapes, and configurations. Further, such embodiments can be readily used regardless of a user&#39;s facial hair (in contrast to other face masks that cannot be readily worn with beards or facial hair). In addition, embodiments allow sound to travel freely around the shield and do not muffle or otherwise impact a wearer&#39;s ability to speak clearly to others, hear others clearly, or to be perceived by recording devices such as microphones used in lectures or video conferences. Embodiments do not impair any of a wearer&#39;s senses or ability to perceive or be perceived by the word around them. 
     With the mass proliferation of brimmed headgear such as baseball caps, a low cost but reliable face covering that does not sacrifice protection from contaminants and pathogens such as a shield (embodiments of which are disclosed herein) configured to attach to a brim can provide protection while remaining low cost and allowing for easy manufacture, storage, and shipping in bulk. 
     In addition, there exists a need and desire for a face shield further adapted to cover the brim with a surface that can be cleaned and disinfected, which is desirable in conditions where the headgear and face shield are worn for extended times, are used in high risk of exposure environments, or when multiple interactions with people occur in succession. 
     There are also times where the headgear brim and the face shield need to be constructed of a material that will both seal and withstand repeated disinfecting cycles. There is a particular need for a face shield that will protect the brim from being contaminated, so as to avoid the need to repeatedly disinfect or sanitize the brim after it is used with a face shield. This is accomplished by embodiments disclosed herein comprising a brim cover incorporated into or attached to face shields, such that part or all of the brim is covered by the brim shield. 
     In addition, there are times when the face shield mounted to the brim or visor of headgear must endure a higher than normal physical environment and there is a need to reinforce the installation with fasteners on the brim or visor or the hat or independent visor with headgear. Embodiments provide for face shields that may be mounted without fasteners or with fasteners (including adhering methods). Embodiments contemplate the use of all known fasteners and adhering methods, enabling a user to employ whatever style of fastener or adhering methods is readily available rather than requiring the use of specialized fastener components. 
     Embodiments provide face shields that are highly adaptable and customizable by users, including but not limited to by removing portions of the face shield to allow for specialized uses (such as for access to an instrument), customization of the face shield decoratively or informationally (such as to include pleasing aesthetic designs, logos, or important information on the shield). Embodiments provide for customization using embossing, engraving, screen printing, and other known methods of marking a surface. 
     Although various devices are currently available that attach to the brim by clips or over-molded mechanical attachments, there is no face protector available that protects the entire face that can be easily attached to a conventional baseball cap as a unitary unit completely supported by the hat bill. In addition, existing face protectors are not adapted to work with the bill of headgear (such as a baseball cap) that provides a surface and means adapted to be readily cleaned and disinfected. 
     In addition, a face shield discourages autoinoculation (i.e., the touching of one&#39;s face) and transferring pathogens and contaminants such as bacterial, viral, and other potentially harmful contaminants from one&#39;s hands to one&#39;s face, while at the same time shielding the face of the wearer from airborne contaminants expelled by the sneezing of others as well as protecting others from pathogens and contaminants that are airborne (such as those projected by the sneezing, coughing, or speaking of the wearer). 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a face shield manufactured from a single sheet of material that can be installed on the brim of headgear (such as a hat or visor) either during manufacturing or after manufacture (i.e., by a user). Embodiments provide for a face shield installed over a bill without the need for additional tools, supports or components. Other embodiments provide for protecting the bill by enclosing the bill of the hat in protective material, thereby preventing the bill of from becoming contaminated when the face shield is worn. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a face protector that is easily manufactured with various shapes of cutouts that allow the shield to slip over a bill and engage the bill to provide location and support. The cutouts or slots may be designed to work with specific headgear (such as childrens&#39; or adults&#39; sized hats, construction helmets, and visors) or designed to work generally with a variety of flat or curved bills. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a face shield that has additional support-members that, when in position, can be directed under, above or both about the brim or on or under the front or side panels of the hat or visor to further support the face shield. 
     A further object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a face protector that is pre-formed into shape and also has a formed sleeve integral to the face shield to slip over and engage bill to provide location, support and a cleanable surface. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a face protector that has engageable projections designed to penetrate the bill of the headgear in order to further support the face shield. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a face shield with a plurality of cutout shapes or score lines to allow for usage of one face shield on multiple bill profiles that are in the marketplace. A user may select the particular cutout or score line to remove in order to customize the shield to use with the particular headgear that the user has available. The design has the ability to offer the opportunity for simply adapting to a wide range of bill profiles and widths. As such, a standardize face shield may be stored until needed and readily adapted for whatever headgear a user may have on hand. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide engaging teeth-like protrusions on the inner engaging area of the face shield cut out in order to allow for different thicknesses of bills while maintaining supporting engagement with the hat or visor bill. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide serrated areas along each side of the shield cut out to allow for easy field widening of the cut out if the width of the bill is wider. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to produce the face shield with scores or perforations along the area of the shield that would facilitate bending and folding about the face of the user. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a face shield that can be easily repositioned forward and rearward adjustably on the brim to accommodate the space needed in front of the user&#39;s face. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a cover for the bill of headgear and bill combination that are made of materials that can facilitate sealing of the shield on the bill. Embodiments prevent the bill from becoming contaminated when the face protector is worn. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a headgear and/or bill combination integral or in separate pieces that is constructed of a material that can be repeatedly cleaned and disinfected. Embodiments provide face shields that may be easily discarded and recycled without disassembly or specialized recycling processes. Further, embodiments provide face shields that may be manufactured without requiring separate disinfecting processes, as the manufacturing process itself involves sufficient temperature to provide sanitization of the shield. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a face shield and brim shield combination protector that can provide a protective barrier to both the face and the brim of the hat, that can be either disposable or disinfected to avoid the spread of contagious diseases. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide holes, cuts, or other penetrating shapes into the face shield that can locate a multitude of types of fasteners to physically fasten the shield to corresponding openings or extrusions (such as male/female interlocking members or tabs with corresponding receptacles) in the headgear brim for enhanced locking and stability of the face shield. 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is providing a face shield that can be shipped and stored substantially flat in large quantities (e.g., in flat packs). 
     Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a face shield adaptable to a wide variety of billed headgear such as hard hats, bike hats, visors, or any other head covering incorporating a bill or brim projecting from the front of the headgear. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a face shield that both engages the brim, but also engages other areas of headgear (such as front or side panels), visor, or construction or similar helmet. 
     In an embodiment, a face shield comprises a central panel with a slot formed therein and an upper portion located above the slot. A brim is inserted through the slot such that the face shield is supported by the brim. In embodiments, fasteners are used to secure the face shield to the brim. In embodiments, the face shield is transparent across the visible light spectrum. In embodiments, the face shield is translucent to visible light. 
     In an embodiment, a face shield has a folded or three-dimensional configuration in which one or more panels are angled away from a central panel to provide additional coverage around the sides, top, or bottom of the volume between the central panel and a wearer&#39;s face. In an embodiment, the face shield may be folded or flexed between an unfolded or planar configuration and the folded or three-dimensional configuration. 
     In an embodiment, one or more support members contact a brim to further secure the face shield to the brim. In embodiments, support members are folded above the brim of a headgear. In embodiments, support members are folded below the brim of a headgear. In embodiments, support members are folded behind a central panel of a face shield and inserted through a slot therein. In an embodiment, one or more support members contact headgear to secure the face shield to the headgear. In embodiments slits in the brim and/or headgear receive the support members. In embodiments, the support members are secured together to retain the face shield in a folded or three-dimensional configuration. In embodiments, the support members comprise one or more tabs formed thereon. In embodiments, one support member comprises a tab while another support member comprises a corresponding slit. In embodiments, a plurality of support members each comprise one or more corresponding notches that may be interlocked to connect the support members. In embodiments, each of a plurality of support members comprises one or more tabs, slits, and/or notches configured to secure support members together. In embodiments, slits are located above a slot and are configured to receive and retain one or more tabs on a support member when the support member is folded over the brim of a headgear. In embodiments, slits are located below a slot and are configured to receive and retain one or more tabs on a support member when the support member is folded under the brim of a headgear. 
     In embodiments, fasteners are used to secure support members to the brim, other support members, central panel of the face shield, and/or headgear (e.g., the front and/or side panels thereof). In embodiments, support members of a face shield are specifically adapted to be secured to particular headgear having corresponding attachment points, such as a hard hat. 
     In an embodiment, a face shield comprises a brim cover that at least partially surrounds a brim of a headgear, protecting such portion of the brim from contamination and further securing the face shield to the brim. In an embodiment, the brim cover is removable from a central panel of the face shield, such that the entire face shield may be provided in an unfolded or planar configuration before being assembled in a folded or three-dimensional configuration. 
     In an embodiment, one or more tabs on a central panel may be secured to corresponding slits on support members to hold a face shield in a folded or three-dimensional configuration. 
     In an embodiment, a central panel of a face shield may be folded up to permit access to the lower portion of a wearer&#39;s face. In an embodiment, the central panel comprises one or more fold lines to permit folding of the central panel. In an embodiment, the central panel is made of a flexible material. In embodiments, the central panel covers an upper portion of a wearer&#39;s face while leaving the lower portion of the face exposed. 
     In embodiments, a support member comprises an upper portion, a slit, and a lower portion with the slit configured to receive a portion of a brim. The support member is folded such that it is substantially parallel to a central panel having a slot and the brim is inserted through the slit in the support member and the slot in the central panel. 
     In embodiments, a face shield is configured for use with a respirator having a respirator cartridge that extends through the face shield. An opening in the face shield receives the respirator cartridge and the face shield is sealed thereto. In embodiments, the face shield is sealed between a portion of the respirator and a portion of the respirator cartridge. 
     In embodiments, a face shield is configured with one or more decontamination emitters placed so as to decontaminate an area around the face shield. In an embodiment, the one or more emitters are LEDs that emit ultraviolet light, such as far ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 222 nm or other light that is safe for use proximate humans. In embodiments, the one or more emitters release radiation (including electromagnetic radiation or sonic waves) that removes contamination. In embodiments, the emitters release chemical decontaminants. 
     Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reviewing the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Certain embodiments are shown in the drawings. However, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the attached drawings. 
         FIG. 1  depicts a front view of an embodiment of a first style of face shield in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 1  supported by the brim of a hat. 
         FIG. 3  depicts a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 1  supported by the brim of a hat. 
         FIG. 4  depicts a front view of an embodiment of a second style of face shield in accordance with the present disclosure in an unfolded configuration. 
         FIG. 5  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 4  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat. 
         FIG. 6  depicts a front view of a second embodiment of the second style of face shield in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat. 
         FIG. 7  depicts a front view of a third embodiment of the second style of face shield in an unfolded configuration. 
         FIG. 8  depicts a front view of an embodiment of a third style of face shield in accordance with the present disclosure in an unfolded configuration. 
         FIG. 9  depicts an upper perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 8  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat and the support members folded over the brim and inserted through the slot. 
         FIG. 10  depicts a lower perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 8  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat with the support members folded under the brim and inserted through the slot. 
         FIG. 11  depicts a front view of a second embodiment of the third style of face shield in accordance with the present disclosure in an unfolded configuration. 
         FIG. 12  depicts an upper perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 11  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat and the support members folded over the brim and against the hat with fasteners through the support members and hat. 
         FIG. 13  depicts a front view of a third embodiment of the third style of face shield in accordance with the present disclosure in an unfolded configuration. 
         FIG. 14  depicts an upper perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 13  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a visor with the support members folded over the brim with fasteners through the brim and support members. 
         FIG. 15  depicts a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 13  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a visor with fasteners through the support members and brim. 
         FIG. 16 a    depicts a side view of a split pin fastener with the leaves together. 
         FIG. 16 b    depicts a side view of the split pin fastener of  FIG. 16 a    with the leaves apart. 
         FIG. 16 c    depicts a side view of a pin fastener. 
         FIG. 16 d    depicts a side view of a push rivet fastener. 
         FIG. 16 e    depicts a lower perspective view of the push rivet fastener of  FIG. 16   d.    
         FIG. 17  depicts a front view of an embodiment of a face shield supported by a brim with fasteners through the support members and the front panel of the hat. 
         FIG. 18  depicts a method of placing a staple through a brim in front of an embodiment of a face shield to secure the face shield to the brim. 
         FIG. 19  depicts a method of placing a staple through a brim and support members of an embodiment of a face shield to secure the face shield to the brim, with the support members below the brim. 
         FIG. 20  depicts a method of attaching an embodiment of a face shield to a hat using multiple fasteners of different types through the brim and the support members, with the support members above the brim. 
         FIG. 21  depicts a method of attaching an embodiment of a face shield to a hat using fasteners through the brim and the support members, with the support members below the brim. 
         FIG. 22  depicts a top view of a fourth embodiment of the third style of face shield in a folded configuration supported by a brim of a visor with the support members passing through slits in the brim in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 23  depicts a front view of a fifth embodiment of the third style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with a tab at the end of one support member and a slit formed in another support member. 
         FIG. 24  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 23  in a folded configuration with the support members inserted through the slot and secured together. 
         FIG. 25  depicts a front view of a sixth embodiment of the third style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with a tab formed in one support member and a slit formed in another support member. 
         FIG. 26  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 25  in a folded configuration with the support members inserted through the slot and secured to each other and the upper portion. 
         FIG. 27 a    depicts a perspective view of a seventh embodiment of the third style of face shield in a folded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with male press fit elements formed in the support members and female press fit elements formed in the upper portion. 
         FIG. 27 b    depicts a perspective view of an enlargement of area A of  FIG. 27 a    with the male press fit element engaged with the female press fit element. 
         FIG. 27 c    depicts a perspective view of an enlargement of area A of  FIG. 27 a    with the male press fit element disengaged from the female press fit element. 
         FIG. 28  depicts a front view of an eighth embodiment of the third style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with fold lines in the support members and a tab on one support member and a plurality of slots formed in another support member. 
         FIG. 29  depicts a front view of a ninth embodiment of the third style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with fold lines in the support members, a plurality of notches formed in the lower edge of one support member a corresponding plurality of notches formed in the upper edge of another support member. 
         FIG. 30  depicts a front view of a tenth embodiment of the third style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with curved support members and fold lines proximate the ends of the support members. 
         FIG. 31  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 30  in a folded configuration with the support members inserted through the slot and folded against the upper portion. 
         FIG. 32  depicts a front view of the configuration depicted in  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 33 a    depicts a side view of the configuration depicted in  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 33 b    depicts an enlargement of area B of  FIG. 33   a.    
         FIG. 34  depicts a front view of the embodiment of  FIG. 30  in a folded configuration with the support member inserted through the slot and folded against the central panel below the slot. 
         FIG. 35  depicts a side view of the configuration depicted in  FIG. 34 . 
         FIG. 36  depicts a front view of an eleventh embodiment of the third style of face shield in an unfolded configuration accordance with the present disclosure with an outward facing tab formed on each of the support members. 
         FIG. 37  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 36  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat with the support member inserted through the slot and the tabs folded up against the upper portion. 
         FIG. 38  depicts a front perspective view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 37 . 
         FIG. 39  depicts a side view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 37 . 
         FIG. 40  depicts a front view of a twelfth embodiment of the third style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with an outward facing tab formed on each of the support members and corresponding slits formed in the upper portion. 
         FIG. 41  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 40  in a folded configuration with the support members inserted through the slot and the tabs folded upwards and inserted through the slits. 
         FIG. 42  depicts a perspective view of the configuration of  FIG. 41  supported by the brim of a hat, with the brim inserted through the slot below the support members. 
         FIG. 43  depicts a top view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 41 . 
         FIG. 44  depicts a front view of a thirteenth embodiment of the third style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with an outward facing tab formed on each of the support members and corresponding slits formed in the central panel below the slot. 
         FIG. 45  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 44  in a folded configuration with the support members inserted through the slot and the tabs folded downward and inserted through the slits. 
         FIG. 46  depicts a front view of a fourteenth embodiment of the third style of face shield in an unfolded configuration accordance with the present disclosure with an inward facing tab formed on each of the support members. 
         FIG. 47  depicts a lower perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 46  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of the hat with the support members inserted through the slot below the brim and the tabs folded down against the wearer side of the central panel. 
         FIG. 48  depicts a side view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 47 . 
         FIG. 49  depicts a top view of the embodiment of  FIG. 46  in a folded configuration with the support members inserted through the slot and the tabs folded up against the wearer side of the upper portion. 
         FIG. 50  depicts a front view of a fifteenth embodiment of the third style of face shield in an unfolded configuration accordance with the present disclosure with a right facing tab formed on each of the support members. 
         FIG. 51  depicts a front lower perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 50  in a folded configuration with the support members inserted through the slot, the tab on one supporting member folded against the environment side of the central panel, and the other tab folded against the wearer side of the central panel. 
         FIG. 52  depicts a rear lower perspective view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 51 . 
         FIG. 53  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 51  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat with the support members inserted through the slot, one support member folded over the brim and the associated tab folded against the environment side of the upper portion, and the other support member folded below the brim with the associated tab folded against the wearer side of the lower panel. 
         FIG. 54  depicts a front view of a sixteenth embodiment of the third style of face shield in an unfolded configuration accordance with the present disclosure with a plurality of teeth extending into the slot from the central panel. 
         FIG. 55  depicts a front view of an embodiment of a fourth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with tabs configured to engage with headgear located on the ends of the support members. 
         FIG. 56  depicts a lower perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 55  supported by the brim of a hat with the tabs inserted through slits in the side panels of the hat. 
         FIG. 57  depicts a front view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 56 . 
         FIG. 58  depicts a side view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 56 . 
         FIG. 59 a    depicts a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of  FIG. 57 . 
         FIG. 59 b    depicts an enlarged view of area D of  FIG. 59   a.    
         FIG. 60  depicts a front view of a second embodiment of the fourth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration accordance with the present disclosure with a slit formed on each side panel. 
         FIG. 61  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 60  supported by the brim of a hat with the support members secured to the lower edge of the hat by clip fastener that pass through the slits. 
         FIG. 62 a    depicts an exploded view of the configuration of  FIG. 61 . 
         FIG. 62 b    depicts a clip fastener. 
         FIG. 63  depicts a front view of the embodiment of  FIG. 60  without the slits on the support members, the support members folded inside the hat, and double-sided tape securing the support members to the hat. 
         FIG. 64 a    depicts a cross-sectional view along line E-E of  FIG. 63 . 
         FIG. 64 b    depicts the double-sided tape of  FIG. 63 . 
         FIG. 65 a    depicts a top view of the embodiment of  FIG. 60  in a folded configuration with tape between the support members and the hat. 
         FIG. 65 b    depicts a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F of  FIG. 65   a.    
         FIG. 66 a    depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 60  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat with the supporting members secured to side panels of the hat by staples. 
         FIG. 66 b    depicts a staple with its prongs extended away from its crown. 
         FIG. 66 c    depicts the staple of  FIG. 66 b    with its prongs bent against its crown. 
         FIG. 67  depicts a front view of a third embodiment of the fourth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with side panels that extend the length of the central panel and slits formed in the side panels. 
         FIG. 68  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 67  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat with the support members secured to the lower edge of the hat by clip fasteners through the slits. 
         FIG. 69  depicts a front view of a fourth embodiment of the fourth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with side panels formed of a flexible material that extend the length of the central panel, slits formed in the support members, and no fold lines separating the side panels from the central panel. 
         FIG. 70  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 69  in a three-dimensional configuration supported by the brim of a hat with the side panels flexed such that the support members are adjacent to the hat and clip fasteners inserted through the slits to secure the support members to the lower edge of the hat. 
         FIG. 71  depicts a front view of an embodiment of a fifth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, with a brim cover extending from the environment side about the slot. 
         FIG. 72  depicts a perspective view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 71 . 
         FIG. 73  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 71  in a folded configuration with the brim of a hat inserted through the slot and the brim cover. 
         FIG. 74  depicts a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 71  in a folded configuration. 
         FIG. 75  depicts a perspective view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 74 . 
         FIG. 76  depicts a perspective view of a second embodiment of the fifth style of face shield in a folded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, with a brim cover having a closed end extending from the environment side about the slot in the central panel and the brim of a hat inserted in the slot and the brim cover. 
         FIG. 77  depicts a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 76  in a folded configuration without the hat. 
         FIG. 78  depicts a perspective view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 77 . 
         FIG. 79  depicts a perspective view of a third embodiment of the fifth style of face shield in a folded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, with a brim cover extending from both the wearer side and the environment side about the slot and the brim of a hat inserted through the slot and brim cover. 
         FIG. 80  depicts a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 79  in a folded configuration without the hat. 
         FIG. 81  depicts a perspective view of the configuration of  FIG. 80 . 
         FIG. 82  depicts a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the fifth style of face shield in a folded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, with a removable bill cover inserted through the slot and secured to the slot by ridges on the brim cover and the brim of a hat inserted through the brim cover. 
         FIG. 83 a    depicts the removable bill cover of  FIG. 82  in a flat configuration. 
         FIG. 83 b    depicts a perspective view of the face shield of  FIG. 82  with the brim cover removed. 
         FIG. 83 c    depicts a perspective view of the configuration of  FIG. 82  without the hat. 
         FIG. 84 a    depicts a front view of an embodiment of a sixth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with two of the four support members having slits formed thereon and tabs extending therefrom. 
         FIG. 84 b    depicts an enlarged view of area G showing a tab on the outer support member of  FIG. 84   a.    
         FIG. 84 c    depicts an enlarged view of area G showing a first alternative embodiment of the tabs on the outer support members of  FIG. 84   a.    
         FIG. 84 d    depicts an enlarged view of area G showing a second alternative embodiment of the tabs on the outer support members of  FIG. 84 a   . 
         FIG. 85  depicts a lower perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 84 a    in a folded configuration with the support members secured to a six point hard hat. 
         FIG. 86  depicts a side view of the configuration of  FIG. 85 . 
         FIG. 87  depicts a front view of a second embodiment of the sixth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with the two support members having slits formed thereon and tabs extending therefrom. 
         FIG. 88 a    depicts a lower perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 87  in a folded configuration with the support members secured to a four point hard hat. 
         FIG. 88 b    depicts an enlarged view of area H of  FIG. 88   a.    
         FIG. 89  depicts a side view of the configuration of  FIG. 88   a.    
         FIG. 90  depicts a front view of a third embodiment of the sixth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with side panels having a curved profile. 
         FIG. 91  depicts a front view of a fourth embodiment of the sixth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, wherein the side panels are not separated from the central panel by fold lines. 
         FIG. 92  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 91  in a three-dimensional configuration secured to a four point hard hat with the side panel flexed and the support members are secured side the hard hat. 
         FIG. 93  depicts a front view of an embodiment of a seventh style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, with tabs extending from the upper portion and a plurality of slits formed on the support members. 
         FIG. 94 a    depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 93  in a folded configuration with the tabs inserted through respective slits on the support members. 
         FIG. 94 b    depicts an enlarged perspective view of area I of  FIG. 94   a.    
         FIG. 95 a    depicts a side view of area I with the tabs fully extended. 
         FIG. 95 b    depicts a side view of area I with the tabs partially flexed towards the environment side. 
         FIG. 95 c    depicts a side view of area I with the tabs flexed forward against the environment side and inserted through the slits in the support members. 
         FIG. 96  depicts a front view of an embodiment of an eighth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, with a fold line separating a lower portion from the central panel. 
         FIG. 97 a    depicts a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 96  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat worn by an individual. 
         FIG. 97 b    depicts a side view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 97 a    with the lower portion raised 45 degrees towards the environment side. 
         FIG. 97 c    depicts a side view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 97 a    with the lower portion raised 90 degrees towards the environment side and the individual drinking from a straw. 
         FIG. 98  depicts an exploded view of a second embodiment of the eighth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with tape connecting the lower portion to the central panel. 
         FIG. 99  depicts a front view of a third embodiment of the eighth style of face shield in a folded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure supported by a brim of a hat worn by an individual, with the central panel only covering the upper half of the individual&#39;s face. 
         FIG. 100  depicts a side view of the configuration of  FIG. 99 , with the individual wearing a face mask under the face shield. 
         FIG. 101  depicts a front view of an embodiment of a ninth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, with each support member having a top portion separated from a bottom portion by a slit and the support members joined to the central panel by fold lines. 
         FIG. 102  depicts a lower perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 101  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat with the support members folded against the wearer side of the central panel and the brim inserted through the slits in the support members and the slot. 
         FIG. 103  depicts a side view of the configuration of  FIG. 102 . 
         FIG. 104  depicts a front view of a second embodiment of the ninth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure with side panels separating the support members from the central panel. 
         FIG. 105  depicts a lower perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 104  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat with the support members folded toward the wearer side of the central panel and the brim inserted through the slits in the support members and the slot. 
         FIG. 106  depicts a front view of a third embodiment of the ninth style of face shield in an unfolded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, with each support member having a top portion separated from a bottom portion by a slit and the support members joined to the central panel by fold lines and a plurality of teeth extending into the slot from the central panel. 
         FIG. 107  depicts a front view of an embodiment of a tenth style of face shield in in an unfolded configuration accordance with the present disclosure with an opening formed in the central panel. 
         FIG. 108  depicts a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 107  in a folded configuration with a respirator cartridge inserted through the opening in the central panel. 
         FIG. 109  depicts a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 107  in a folded configuration supported by the brim of a hat worn by an individual with a respirator cartridge inserted through the opening in the face shield. 
         FIG. 110  depicts an exploded view of the configuration of  FIG. 108 . 
         FIG. 111  depicts a side view of the configuration of  FIG. 109 . 
         FIG. 112  depicts a perspective view of an embodiment of a eleventh style of face shield in a folded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, with an emitter array secured to the face shield by a housing, the face shield supported by a hat bearing an emitter source, and a decontamination curtain surrounding the face of a wearer of the hat. 
         FIG. 113  depicts an exploded view of the configuration of  FIG. 112  without the wearer. 
         FIG. 114  depicts a front view of the configuration of  FIG. 113 . 
         FIG. 115  depicts a side view of the configuration of  FIG. 113 . 
         FIG. 116  depicts a lower perspective view of the configuration of  FIG. 113 . 
         FIG. 117  depicts a lower perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 113  in a folded configuration without the hat and wearer. 
         FIG. 118  depicts a front view of the housing of  FIG. 113 . 
         FIG. 119 a    depicts a lower perspective view of the housing of  FIG. 113 . 
         FIG. 119 b    depicts an enlarged perspective view of area J of  FIG. 119   a.    
         FIG. 120 a    depicts a lower perspective view of the emitter array of  FIG. 113 . 
         FIG. 120 b    depicts an enlarged perspective view of area K of  FIG. 120   a.    
         FIG. 121  depicts a side perspective view of a second embodiment of the eleventh style of face shield in a folded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, with an emitter array and a housing integrally formed with the face shield. 
         FIG. 122  depicts a perspective view of an embodiment of a twelfth style of face shield in a folded configuration in accordance with the present disclosure, with an emitter array secured to the face shield by a housing, the face shield supported by a hat bearing an emitter source, a decontamination curtain surrounding the face of a wearer of the hat, and a respirator cartridge inserted through an opening in the central panel. 
         FIG. 123  depicts an exploded view of the configuration of  FIG. 122  without the wearer. 
         FIG. 124  depicts a front view of an embodiment of a face shield in a flat or unfolded configuration with a strip of material partially removed from the slot. 
         FIG. 125 a    depicts an embodiment of a face shield with the side panels of a face shield folded back to form a 45 degree angle with the wearer side. 
         FIG. 125 b    depicts an embodiment of a face shield with the side panels folded back to form a 90 degree angle with the wearer side. 
         FIG. 125 c    depicts an embodiment of a face shield supported by the brim of a hat with the support members being folded under the brim. 
         FIG. 126  depicts an individual adjusting the positioning of an embodiment of a face shield supported by the brim of a hat. 
         FIG. 127 a  through 127 i    depict examples of brimmed headgear with which face shields in accordance with the present disclosure may be used. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     For the purposes of promoting and understanding the principles disclosed herein, reference is now made to the preferred embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language is used to describe the same. It is nevertheless understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is hereby intended. Such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated devices and such further applications of the principles disclosed and illustrated herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure relates. 
     As used herein the term “headgear” is used to refer generally to hats, visors, and other articles that may be worn on or about the head that feature a portion (referred to herein as a “brim”) which extends over at least a portion of the wearer&#39;s face. 
     In the interest of aiding the understanding of the present disclosure, various embodiments are discussed herein in the context of “styles.” Such grouping is not intended to limit the disclosure, and elements or aspects discussed in the context of one “style” may be (and are intended to be) combined with those discussed in the context of another “style” so to realize the advantages thereof. 
     First Style (Panel) 
       FIGS. 1 through 3  depict an embodiment of a first style of face shield  100  in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown, the face shield  100  comprises a panel  102  with a slot  104  and an upper portion  106  located above the slot  104 . 
     The slot  104  is configured to receive the brim  112  of an article of headgear (here, a hat, headgear  114 ). As shown, the slot  104  is arcuate and extends proximate the top edge  105 a of the panel  102 . The arcuate shape is desirable for use with headgear such as headgear  114  having a brim  112  with an arcuate profile. For headgear having a resilient or flexible brim  112 , the brim  112  may be bent to match the profile of slot  104 . The orientation of the brim  112  and slot  104  cause pressure or force to be exerted on interface between the slot  104  and the brim  112  as the brim  112  attempts to return to its resting state serves to hold the face shield  100  in place on the brim  112 . In other embodiments, the slot  104  may be straight, curved, angled, or a combination thereof. In embodiments, the shape of slot  104  is selected to match or accommodate the profile of a particular brim. In other embodiments, the shape of slot  104  is selected to allow for use with a wide variety of brims having different profiles. 
     With the brim  112  inserted through the slot  104 , the face shield  100  is supported such that a back (or wearer) face  110  is proximate a user&#39;s face while a front (or environment) face  108  is proximate the environment. As will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art and discussed in greater detail below, the face shield may be used with a wide variety of headgear constrained only by the requirement that the headgear feature a brim  112  of sufficient size and strength to be received within slot  104  and support face shield  100 . 
     The panel  102  may be constructed from any material that obstructs the passage of contaminants therethrough while allowing at least a portion of light in the visible spectrum to pass through a least a portion of the panel  102  to reach a user&#39;s eyes. In the embodiment shown, the entire face shield  100  is made from a single material, specifically, a transparent plastic. In other embodiments, other materials that are transparent or translucent may be used for the face shield. In the embodiment shown, the material used to construct the face shield  100  is also lightweight to ensure compatibility with a wide variety of headgear and avoid fatiguing a wearer while in use. In an embodiment, the face shield is composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In embodiments, the face shield is composed of other thermoplastic polymer resins or other inorganic materials (such as glass). 
     In embodiments, the face shield  100  is made from two or more materials in combination, such that different portions of the face shield  100  are made from different materials or combinations of materials. In an embodiment, a portion of the panel  102  in combination is transparent or translucent to light in the visible spectrum while the remainder of the panel  102  is substantially opaque. In an embodiment, at least a portion of the panel is constructed from a material that is permeable to air but which obstructs the movement of larger contaminants through the panel  102 , such as a filter material that blocks at least 95 percent of particles that are 0.3 microns in size or larger. In an embodiment, the panel  102  comprises a frame extending along at least a portion of the perimeter of the panel  102 , with the frame supporting a flexible filter material that is substantially opaque and extends across the panel along with a transparent or translucent portion located below the slot  104 . Other constructions and compositions are contemplated and will be apparent to one of skill of the art in view of the instant disclosure. In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , face shield  100  is integrally formed. In other embodiments, portions of the face shield  100  (such as upper portion  106  and the remainder of panel  102 ) are formed separately from side panels  318  before being attached or joined together. 
     In use, the face shield  100  is entirely supported by the brim  112 , such that no additional structure or attachment to the wearer (such as bands or straps about the wearer&#39;s head) are needed. This increases comfort for the wearer while using the face shield  100  by avoiding fatigue (such as could be caused by the pressure exerted by straps against the wearer&#39;s head or ears when existing cloth masks are used). The position of the face shield  100  may be adjusted by moving the face shield  100  along the brim, such that a user can place the face shield a desired distance from the user&#39;s face (limited only by the geometry of the brim  112 ). 
     As shown, the panel  102  is generally shaped as a quadrilateral with no parallel edges, including a rounded top edge  105   a,  a rounded bottom edge  105   b  and straight side edges  107   a,    107   b.  Side edges  107   a,    107   b  diverge such that the width of the panel  102  is less where its lower edge  105   b  meets side edges  107   a,    107   b  than where its upper edge  105   a  meets side edges  107   a,    107   b.  Other shapes are also contemplated for the front panel, including but not limited to circles, polygons, and three-dimensional shapes. In an embodiment, the panel  102  comprises straight vertical side edges  107   a,    107   b  (such that the width of the panel  102  is substantially equal where lower edge  105   b  meets side edges  107   a,    107   b  and where upper edge  105   a  meets side edges  107   a,    107   b ). In an embodiment, the panel  102  comprises straight horizontal top and bottom edges  105   a,    105   b.  In an embodiment, the panel comprises curved side edges  107   a,    107   b.  Other variations and combinations of curved and straight edges are also contemplated hereby. 
     As shown, the face shield  100  may be easily cleaned or sanitized using soap, hand sanitizer, disinfecting chemicals, or radiation (such as ultraviolet light or sonic waves) allowing for the face shield  100  to be reused indefinitely. The face shield  100  provides a physical barrier that prevents a wearer from touching his or her face and protects against contamination (such as viruses or bacteria) from reaching a wearer&#39;s face portals (particularly a wearer&#39;s nose, mouth, eyes, and/or ears), significantly reducing the contamination that enters the body of the wearer or which leaves the body of a wearer. The face shield also provides physical protection and prevents other articles (such as debris) from reaching the wearer&#39;s face. Advantageously, in the embodiment shown wherein the face shield  100  is constructed from a transparent material, a wearer may readily communicate with others, as his or her facial expressions are readily visible through the face shield  100  and voices are not muffled or impeded by the face shield  100 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the face shield  100  is substantially planar prior to being affixed to a brim  112 . As such, the face shield  100  is easily stacked for storage and shipment. Further, the face shield  100  may be manufactured from a single flat sheet of material by cutting away excess material (which may be subsequently reused or recycled). The slot  104  may be created by fully cutting away a portion of the panel  102  to define the slot. In alternative embodiments, the slot may be partially formed (e.g., by scoring the panel  102  to define the slot  104  without removing the material or by outlining the slot  104  to create cut lines for a user to subsequently use to remove the material in the slot) or formed by another forming process (such as being molded or thermoformed) during manufacture, with the end user ultimately completing the creation of the slot. In an embodiment, a user may select from a plurality of partially formed slots  104  so as to customize the face shield  100  for compatibility with a particular headgear  114  based on the geometry of the hat&#39;s brim  112 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the face shield  100  is formed from a resilient, flexible material. The face shield  100  may assume a three-dimensional or folded configuration once affixed to the brim  112 , for example such that the panel  102  curves about the wearer&#39;s face. The three-dimensional configuration can be customized by repositioning the brim  112  in the slot  104 . For example, to increase the curvature of the panel  102 , the central portion of the slot  104  may be positioned further down the brim  112  (i.e., further away from the wearer&#39;s face) while the peripheral portions of the slot  104  may be positioned further up the brim  112  (i.e., closer to the wearer&#39;s face). In other embodiments, the face shield  100  is constructed from a rigid or semi-rigid material. In embodiments such as that shown in  FIG. 2 , the face shield  100  maintains a planar shape both alone and while affixed to a brim  112 . In embodiments, the face shield  100  is substantially rigid and the panel  102  is curved (for example, such that the panel  102  forms a U-shape when viewed from above), with the peripheral portions of the panel  102  curving about a wearer&#39;s face while in use. 
     As discussed in greater detail below, in embodiments, one or more fasteners or fastening elements are used to secure the face shield  100  to the brim  112 . In embodiments, one or more fasteners are used on the brim  112  in front of the panel  102  and/or behind the panel  102 . As used herein, the term “fastener” refers generally to one or more of an adhesive (including but not limited to glue and/or epoxy), tape, ultrasonic welding, thermal welding, hook and loop fasteners, physical fasteners (including but not limited to staples, push pins, split pins, clips, and combinations of bolts and nuts), and fastening elements (such as integrally formed fastening elements). Such fasteners may include clips that attach to and project from the brim or penetrating fasteners that pierce the brim and extend from the brim. In an embodiment, one or more fasteners are inserted through the brim  112  in front of the face shield  100  such that the one or more fasteners extend above and/or below the brim  112 , thereby preventing the face shield  100  from being removed from the brim  112  or moving down the brim  112  so long as the fasteners are in place. In an embodiment, the upper portion  106  is folded against the brim  112  and one or more fasteners are inserted through both the upper portion  106  and the brim  112 . The upper portion  106  may be folded either down (i.e., such that it extends along the brim away from the wearer) or up (i.e., such that it extends along the brim towards the wearer). In embodiments, one or more holes, slits, or other attachment points are pre-formed on the upper portion  106  to permit a fastener to be inserted therethrough. As used herein, the term “attachment point” refers to a physical structure or marking that enables a fastener to more easily be placed at that location. In an embodiment, the upper portion is secured to the brim  112  using a clip. In an embodiment, adhesive is used to secure the upper portion  106  to the brim  112 . 
     Second Style (Side Panel) 
       FIGS. 4 through 7  depict embodiments of a second style of face shield  200  in accordance with the present disclosure that are generally similar to the first style of face shield  100  except as otherwise noted herein. As shown, face shield  200  comprises a central panel  202 , a slot  204 , and an upper portion  206 . Central panel  202  and slot  204  are shown as having the same general shape as panel  102  and slot  104 , respectively. As discussed above in relation to panel  102  and slot  104 , in other embodiments (not shown) central panel  202  and/or slot  204  may take other shapes. Except as otherwise noted, when used herein the term “central panel” is intended to refer to a panel that is located in front of a wearer&#39;s face when the face shield is supported by a brim of headgear placed on the wearer&#39;s head. 
       FIGS. 4 and 5  depict a first embodiment of the second style of face shield  200 . The face shield  200  comprises side panels  218   a,    218   b  which are each separated from the central panel  202  by a respective one of fold lines  220   a,    220   b.  Except as otherwise noted, when used herein the term “fold line” is intended to generally refer to an area that may be bent or folded. A “fold line” may comprise one or more discrete creases or score lines and/or a flexible area. A “fold line” may be integral to a surface (such as when a crease or score line are formed thereon) or may be a separate structure (such as an external hinge or a living hinge that connect two portions to permit them to be bent or folded relative to one another). Except as otherwise noted, when used herein the term “score line” is intended to refer to one or more perforations, indentations, or creases formed in a surface to enable the surface to more easily be bent or folded about the score line. Except as otherwise noted, when used herein the term “side panel” is intended to refer to a panel that is operatively connected to central panel  202  either directly or indirectly. 
     As shown, fold lines  22   a,    220   b  each comprise a single fold line. In an embodiment, fold lines  22   a,    220   b  each comprise a plurality of discrete fold lines separated by one or more substantially areas that, in comparison to the fold lines, are at least relatively rigid. 
     When viewing the front face  208  (i.e., the environment face) of the face shield  200 , a left side panel  218   a  is separated from the left edge  207   a  of the central panel  202  by left fold line  220   a  and a right side panel  218   b  is separated from the right edge  207   b  of the central panel by right fold line  220   b.  Alternative embodiments feature a single side panel (i.e., extending from a single edge of central panel  202 ), a third side panel that is separated from bottom edge  205   b  by a bottom fold line or top edge  205   a  by a top fold line, or multiple side panels (e.g., such that two or more side panels extend from a single edge of central panel  202 ). For embodiments featuring a central panel  202  with curved or irregular edges, the fold lines and side panels may be shaped so as to align with the respective edge of the central panel  202  at which they are located. In embodiments, fold lines  220  are located on the side panels  218 , allowing the side panels  218  to gradually fold around a wearer&#39;s face using one or more angled bends. 
     In the embodiments shown, side panels  218  are integrally formed with the central panels  202 . In other embodiments, side panels  218  are formed separately from central panel  202  before being attached or joined to side panels  218 , such as by using a fastener. In embodiments, side panels  218  may be indirectly attached to central panel  202  with other material or structure interposed therebetween. In embodiments, side panels  218  are indirectly joined to central panel  202  by a flexible material that is interposed between the side panels  218  and the central panel  202  to permit the side panels  218  to be angled relative to and/or spaced apart from the central panel  202 . 
     In an embodiment, fold lines  220   a,    220   b  are formed by scoring the front face  208  or the back face  210  of the face shield, so as to more easily enable the face shield  200  to be bent or folded at the fold lines  220   a,    220   b.  As shown, fold lines  220   a,    220   b  thereby comprise a living hinge and are formed from the same material as the portions of the central panel  202  and the side panels  218   a,    218   b  proximate the fold lines  220 . Other techniques may be used to form the fold lines  220   a,    220   b  as a living hinge, including stamping or molding the face shield such that the thickness of the face shield is less proximate the fold lines  220   a,    220   b  or forming the entire area from a material of sufficient flexibility to permit folding at the fold lines  220   a,    220   b.  Alternatively, the area of the fold lines  220   a,    220   b  may be formed form a different material than the central panel  202  and/or the side panels  218   a,    218   b  to form a discrete hinged area. Visual indicators may be provided to identify the location of the fold lines  220   a,    220   b,  including visible markings on the face shield  200  itself or instructions provided with the face shield  200  identifying the location of the fold lines  220   a,    220   b.  Such visual indicia may be advantageous for embodiments in which the locations of the fold lines  220   a,    220   b  are not otherwise apparent. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , in an embodiment the face shield  200  has a first configuration in which it is substantially planar. Such configuration may be advantageous for shipping and manufacturing the face shield  200 , as discussed above in relation to the first style of face shield  100 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , the face shield  200  features a second “folded” configuration in which the side panels  218   a,    218   b  are folded or bent towards the back side  210  (or face side) of the face shield  200 , thereby providing lateral protection to a wearer&#39;s face. Once folded, the side panels  218   a,    218   b  may each form a reflex angle with the front face  208  of the central panel  202 . The precise angle may be adjusted by bending the side panels  218  towards or away from a wearer&#39;s face. 
     In another embodiment, the face shield  200  is formed in a three-dimensional or “folded” configuration (such as that shown in  FIG. 5 ) such that the wearer does not need to fold the face shield  200  prior to use. In an embodiment, the fold lines  220   a,    220   b  are substantially rigid. Such an embodiment may be created, for example, by molding or forming the face shield  200  with the side panels  218   a,    218   b  in the folded configuration. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , side panels  218   a,    218   b  extend the length of side edges  207   a,    207   b.  The side panels  218   a,    218   b  as shown have variable widths and curved profiles, such that the portions of the side panels  218   a,    218   b  proximate the top edge  205   a  extends further from one another than the portions of the side panels  218   a,    218   b  proximate the bottom edge  205   b.  Other profiles and widths are also contemplated. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 6 , side panels  218   a,    218   b  extend a uniform distance from the central panel  202 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7 , side panels  218   a,    218   b  extend from only a portion of the central panel  202 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , in an embodiment side panels  218   a,    218   b  extend the length of side edges  207   a,    207   b  and have straight edges and a constant width along at least a portion thereof, such that the portion of the side panels  218   a,    218   b  proximate the top edge  205   a  extends the same distance from one another as the portion of the side panels  218   a,    218   b  proximate the bottom edge  205   b.    
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , in an embodiment side panels  218   a,    218   b  extend the length of side edges  207   a,    207   b  extend only from a portion of side edges  207   a,    207   b  proximate the bottom edge  205   b  of the central panel  202 . 
     Third Style (Support Member) 
       FIGS. 8 through 54  depict embodiments of a third style of face shield  300  in accordance with the present disclosure that are generally similar to the second style of face shield  200  except as otherwise noted herein. As shown, the face shield  300  comprises a central panel  302 , a slot  304 , an upper portion  306 , and side panels  318   a,    318   b  separated from central panel  302  by fold lines  320   a,    320   b.    
     Face shield  300  further comprises one or more support members  322 . In the embodiment of  FIGS. 8 through 10 , support member  322   a  is attached to side panel  318   a  and support member  322  is attached to side panel  318   b.  As shown, support members  322   a,    322   b  are integrally formed with the side panels  318   a,    318   b.  In alternative embodiments, support members  322  may be formed separately from side panels  318  before being attached or joined to side panels  318 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 8 through 10 , the support members  322   a,    322   b  are curved and generally follow the arc of the top edge  305   a  of the central panel  302  when the face shield is in the planar configuration (discussed below). The support members  322   a,    322   b  are spaced apart from the central panel  302 , permitting the support members  322   a,    322   b  to be moved independently of the central panel  302 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 8 through 10 , support members  322   a,    322   b  are formed from a flexible, resilient material such that when the face shield  300  is in the worn configuration, the support members  322   a,    322   b  may be bent or flexed such that the support members  322   a,    322   b  proximate the brim  312  of headgear  314 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , the face shield  300  has a first configuration in which it is substantially planar. Such configuration may be advantageous for shipping and manufacturing the face shield  200 , as discussed above in relation to the first and second styles of face shield  100 ,  200 . As shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the face shield  300  has a second configuration in which the side panels  318   a,    318   b  are folded or bent towards the back side  310  (or face side) of the face shield  300  and the support members  322   a,    322   b  are flexed proximate the brim  312  and passed through the slot  304 , such that the ends of the support members  322   a,    322   b  extend through the slot  304  forward of the central panel  302 . The side panels  318   a,    318   b  are thus restrained in a folded or bent configuration and the face shield  300  is secured to the brim  312 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , the support members  322   a,    322   b  may be flexed over the brim  312  in the folded configuration. Alternatively, as shown in  FIG. 10 , the support members  322   a,    322   b  may be flexed under the brim  312  in the folded configuration. Further, one of the support members  322   a,    322   b  may be flexed over the brim  312  while the other support member  322   a,    322   b  is flexed under the brim. In addition, the support members  322   a,    322   b  may be flexed through the slot  304  before the brim  312  is inserted through the slot  304 . In this manner, the face shield  300  may be placed in a folded configuration prior to being attached to a hat, allowing the wearer to insert the brim  312  through the slot such that the brim  312  is positioned over both of the support members  322   a,    322   b,  under both of the support members  322   a,    322   b,  or over one and under one of the support members  322   a,    322   b.  As discussed in greater detail below, other configurations and positioning of the support members  322   a,    322   b  are also contemplated. 
     In other embodiments, the face shield  300  is formed in a three-dimensional or “folded” configuration (such as that shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 ) such that the wearer does not need to fold the face shield  300  prior to use. In such embodiment, the face shield  300  may be created by molding or forming the face shield  300  in the three-dimensional configuration. 
     As discussed below, other configurations of the support members  322   a,    322   b  are also contemplated. In an alternative embodiment, one or more fold lines (not shown) may be located on the support members  322   a,    322   b  and/or the side panels  318   a,    318   b  to enable the support members  322   a,    322   b  to more readily be bent or folded. Such fold lines may be generally similar in structure to fold lines  320   a,    320   b  and  220   a,    220   b  (discussed above). 
     As discussed in greater detail below, in embodiments, one or more fasteners are used to secure the face shield  300  to the brim  312  and/or the headgear  314 . In addition to those configurations discussed above in relation to the first style of face shield  100 , embodiments feature one or more fasteners used to secure the support members  322   a,    322   b  to the brim  312  and/or the headgear  314 . Such fasteners may include clips that hold the support members  322   a,    322   b  against the brim  312  and/or the headgear  314 , penetrating fasteners that pierce the support members  322   a,    322   b  and the brim  312  and/or the headgear  314 , and adhesives that hold the support members  322   a,    322   b  against the brim  312  and/or the headgear  314 . Fasteners may be used with any of the configurations of the support members  322  discussed herein. 
       FIGS. 11 and 12  depict an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  comprising support members  322   a,    322   b  that curve away from central panel  302 . As shown, the support members  322   a,    322   b  are of sufficient length to permit them to be flexed proximate to the brim  312  while overlapping a portion of the headgear  314 . Fold lines  324   a,    324   b  separate the ends  326   a,    326   b  of the support members  322   a,    322   b  from the bodies  328   a,    328   b  of the support members  322   a,    322   b.  As shown in  FIG. 12 , the bodies  328   a,    328   b  may be located proximate the brim  312  while the ends  326   a,    326   b  are folded up to be proximate the headgear  314 . 
     In embodiments, one or more fasteners are used to secure the support members  322   a,    322   b  to the brim  312 , the headgear  314 , or both. As shown in  FIG. 12 , a staple  332  is inserted through each of the ends  326   a,    326   b  and the headgear  314 , thereby holding the ends  326   a,    326   b  in place. In another embodiment, additional staples  332  may be inserted through the bodies  328   a,    328   b  and the brim  312 . 
     Other fasteners may be used in place of or in addition to staples  332 , as discussed herein. In an embodiment, one or more fasteners are inserted through the ends of the support members  322   a,    322   b  and the headgear  314 . In embodiments, adhesive is placed between the support members  322   a,    322   b  and at least a portion of the headgear  314  overlapped by the support members  322   a,    322   b.  In embodiments, clips are used to secure support members  322   a,    322   b  to the headgear  314 . 
       FIGS. 13 through 15  depict an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  comprising support members  322   a,    322   b  that are substantially straight in the planar configuration. As shown in  FIGS. 14 and 15 , the face shield  300  may be attached to the brim of a visor  314   b  or other headgear  314 . Support members  322   a,    322   b  are secured to the brim using a split pin fastener  334 . The leaves  334   b  of the split pin fastener  334  are inserted through the holes  330  in the support members and through the brim  312 . Once inserted, the leaves  334   b  are pressed against brim  312  while the head  334 a of the split pin fastener  334  is pressed against the support members  322   a,    322   b.  The reverse configuration may also be used, such that the split pin fastener  334  is inserted through the brim  312  first and when fastened, the head  334   a  presses against the brim  312  while the leaves  334   b  press against the support members  322   a,    322   b.    
     Other fasteners may be used in place of the split pin fastener  334  such as staples  332 , push pin fasteners  335 , push rivet fasteners  336 , clips, tape, and adhesive. Exemplary fasteners are shown in  FIGS. 16 a    through  16   e.  As shown in  FIGS. 16 a  and 16 b   , a split pin fastener  334  comprises a pair of leaves  334   b  extending from a head  334   a.  The leaves  334   b  may be pressed together to insert the fastener  334  through an opening. Once inserted, the leaves  334   b  may be spread apart such that the leaves  334   b  press against one surface (such as the brim  312 ) while the head  334   a  presses against another surface (such as a support member  322 ) to hold the surfaces together. As shown in  FIGS. 16 c   , a push pin fastener  334  may be inserted through materials to secure them together. As shown  FIGS. 16 d  and 16 e   , a push rivet fastener  336  comprises a head  336   a  separated from a tail  336   c  by a narrow body  336   b.  The body  336   b  may be flexible and comprise a slit that continues through the tail  336   c,  such that the sides of the tail  336   c  may be temporarily pressed together to reduce the circumference of the tail  336   c,  allowing it to be inserted through an opening. Once inserted, the tail  336   c  flexes apart, thereby trapping material between the head  336   a  and the tail  336   c.    
     As shown in  FIGS. 17 through 21 , fasteners may be used to secure a face shield  300  to a brim  312 .  FIG. 17  depicts an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which the support members  322   a,    322   b  are each secured to the front panel  315  of a hat (here, a hard hat) by a fastener  334 .  FIG. 18  depicts a method for inserting a staple  332  through a brim  312  below a face shield  300  so as to prevent the face shield  300  from being removed from the brim  312 .  FIG. 19  shows a method for securing a face shield  300  to a brim  312  by inserting a staple  332  through both the brim  312  and one or more of support members  322   a,    322   b  which are folded below the brim  312 .  FIG. 20  depicts a method of securing a face shield  300  to a brim  312  by folding support members  322   a,    322   b  above a brim  312  and through the slot  304  and inserting multiple fasteners  332 ,  334  through the support members  322   a,    322   b  and the brim  312 . In the embodiment shown, a single staple  332  and two split pin fasteners  334  are inserted through each of support members  322   a,    322   b.    FIG. 21  depicts a method for securing a face shield  300  to a brim  312  by inserting a plurality of fasteners  334  through the brim  312  in front of the upper portion  306 . In an embodiment, the fasteners  334  further extend through the support members  322   a,    322   b,  which are folded below the brim  312  and inserted through the slot  304  such that they extend in front of the upper portion  306  along the brim  312 . 
       FIG. 22  depicts an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which the support members  322   a,    322   b  are inserted through slits  338  in the brim  312 . A shown, the support members  322   a,    322   b  are each inserted from above the brim  312  through a first slit  338  before being inserted from below the brim  312  through a second slit  338 . Alternative configurations are also contemplated, such as wherein one or more slits  338  are used and the support members  322   a,    322   b  are first inserted from below the brim  312  to above the brim  312  before being inserted from above the brim  312  to below the brim, wherein each support member  322   a,    322   b  passes through a single slit, and wherein each of the support members  322   a,    322   b  passes through three or more slits  338 . 
       FIGS. 23 and 24  depict an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which a tab  342  extends from the end  326   b  of support member  322   b.  A corresponding slit  340  is located on the end  326   a  of support member  322   a  and is configured to receive and retain the tab  342 . As shown, the slit  340  is sized such that the tab  342  may be inserted through the slit  340  once the tab  342  is properly aligned therewith; once inserted, the tab  342  is retained until and unless it is properly realigned with the slit  340 . As shown in  FIG. 24 , in the folded configuration the ends  326   a,    326   b  are secured together and may be folded through the slot  304  either over or under a brim (not shown). 
       FIGS. 25 through 26  depict an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which a tab  344   b  is formed within the end  326   b  of support member  322   b.  The tab  344   b  may be formed after the support member  322   b  (e.g., by cutting the end  326   b  to form the tab  344   b ) or may be integrally formed with the support member  322   b  (e.g., by molding or thermoforming the support member  322   b  with the tab  344   b  in situ). Corresponding slit  340  is located on the end  326   a  of support member  322   a  and is configured to receive and retain the tab  344   b.  As shown, the slit  340  is sized such that the tab  344   b  may be inserted through the slit  340  and at least partially overlaps end  326   a.  To secure the ends  326   a,    326   b  together, end  326   b  is folded such that the tab  344   b  is aligned with the slit  340  before the tab  344   b  is inserted into the slit  340 . As shown in  FIGS. 26 and 27 , in the folded configuration the ends  326   a,    326   b  are secured together and may be folded through the slot  304  either over or under a brim (not shown). 
       FIGS. 27 a  through 27 c    depict an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  wherein male press fit elements  347   a  are formed on the ends  326   a,    326   b  of the support members support members  322   a,    322   b  and corresponding female press fit elements  347   b  are formed in the upper portion  306 . In the folded configuration, the ends  326   a,    326   b  are inserted through the slot  304  and folded about the upper portion  306 . The additional thickness in the slot  304  increases the pressure between the central panel  302  and the brim  312  and the upper portion  306  and the brim  312 . The press fit elements  347   a,    347   b  are locked together in an interference fit to retain the support members  322   a,    322   b  in place. 
       FIG. 28  depicts an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which a plurality of fold lines  320   a,    320   b  separate side panels  318   a,    318   b  from the central panel and a plurality of fold lines  324   a,    324   b  are formed on the support members. Support member  322   a  comprises a tab  342  extending from ends  326   a  and support member  322   b  comprises a plurality of slits  340  configured to receive tab  342 . 
       FIG. 29  depicts an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which a plurality of fold lines  320   a,    320   b  separate the side panels  318   a,    318   b  from the central panel and a plurality of fold lines  324   a,    324   b  are formed on the support members. Support member  322   a  comprises a plurality of inward facing notches  343   a  while support member  322   b  comprises a plurality of outward facing notches  343   b.  In a folded configuration (not shown), the ends  326   a,    326   b  overlap and one or more of the inward facing notches  343   a  are interlocked with outward facing notches  343   b  so as to secure the support members  322   a,    322   b  together. 
       FIGS. 30 through 35  depict an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which fold lines  324   a,    324   b  proximate the ends,  326   a    326   b  of support members  322   a,    322   b.  Once the ends  326   a    326   b  are inserted through the slot  304 , the ends,  326   a    326   b  are either bent upwards such that the ends  326   a    326   b  contact the upper portion  306  (as shown in  FIGS. 31 through 33 ) or downward such that the ends  326   a    326   b  contact the central panel  302  (as shown in  FIGS. 34 and 35 ). In the embodiments shown, the fold lines  324   a,    324   b  are not resilient such that once folded, the ends  326   a    326   b  will remain in place. In other embodiments, the fold lines  324   a,    324   b  are resilient and are secured to the upper portion  306  and/or central panel  302  using one or more fasteners. In an embodiment, one of the ends  326   a    326   b  is folded upwards and another of the ends  326   a,    326   b  is folded downwards. The ends  326   a    326   b  may be inserted through the slot  304  either above or below a brim (not shown). 
       FIGS. 36 through 39  depict an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which a left-facing tab  344   a  is formed within the end  326   b  of support member  322   b  and a right-facing tab  344   b  is formed within the end  326   a  of support member  322   a.  As discussed above, the tabs  344   a,    344   b  may be formed after the support members  312   a,    312   b  (e.g., by cutting the ends  326   a,    326   b  to form the tabs  344   a,    344   b ) or may be integrally formed with the support members  312   a,    312   b  (e.g., by molding or thermoforming the support members  312   a,    312   b  with the tabs  344   a,    344   b  in situ), or by a combination thereof. The brim  312  is inserted through the slot  304  such that the brim  312  is below the support members  322   a,    322   b.  The brim  312  may be inserted through the slot  304  either before or after the ends  326   a,    326   b.  The tabs  344   a,    344   b  are folded up such that they contact upper portion  306  and are retained thereby. In embodiments, tabs  334   a,    334   b  are formed of a flexible material. In an embodiment, tabs  334   a,    334   b  are joined to the remainder of the support members  322   a,    322   b  by fold lines  345  which permit the tabs  334   a,    334   b  to fold. 
       FIGS. 40 through 43  depict an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which a left-facing tab  344   a  is formed within the end  326   a  of support member  322   a  and a right-facing tab  344   b  is formed within the end  326   b  of support member  322   b.  As discussed above, the tabs  344   a,    344   b  may be formed after the support members  312   a,    312   b  (e.g., by cutting the ends  326   a,    326   b  to form the tabs  344   a,    344   b ) or may be integrally formed with the support members  312   a,    312   b  (e.g., by molding or thermoforming the support members  312   a,    312   b  with the tabs  344   a,    344   b  in situ), or by a combination thereof. Slits  346  are located on the upper portion  306  and are configured to receive and retain the tabs  344   a,    344   b.  As shown, the slits  340  are sized such that the tabs  344   a,    344   b  may be inserted through the slits  340  once the ends  326   a,    326   b  are inserted through the slot  304 . The brim  312  is inserted through the slot  304  such that the brim  312  is below the support members  322   a,    322   b.  The brim  312  may be inserted through the slot  304  either before or after the ends  326   a,    326   b.    
       FIGS. 44 and 45  depict an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which a left-facing tab  344   a  is formed within the end  326   b  of support member  322   b  and a right-facing tab  344   b  is formed within the end  326   a  of support member  322   a.  As discussed above, the tabs  344   a,    344   b  may be formed after the support members  312   a,    312   b  (e.g., by cutting the ends  326   a,    326   b  to form the tabs  344   a,    344   b ) or may be integrally formed with the support members  312   a,    312   b  (e.g., by molding or thermoforming the support members  312   a,    312   b  with the tabs  344   a,    344   b  in situ), or by a combination thereof. Slits  346  are located on the central panel  302  below the slot  304  and are configured to receive and retain the tabs  344   a,    344   b.  As shown, the slits  340  are sized such that the tabs  344   a,    344   b  may be inserted through the slits  340  as the ends  326   a,    326   b  are inserted through the slot  304 . The brim  312  is inserted through the slot  304  such that the brim  312  is above the support members  322   a,    322   b.  The brim  312  may be inserted through the slot  304  either before or after the ends  326   a,    326   b.    
       FIGS. 46 through 49  depict an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which a left-facing tab  344   a  is formed within the end  326   b  of support member  322   b  and a right-facing tab  344   b  is formed within the end  326   a  of support member  322   a.  As discussed above, the tabs  344   a,    344   b  may be formed after the support members  312   a,    312   b  (e.g., by cutting the ends  326   a,    326   b  to form the tabs  344   a,    344   b ) or may be integrally formed with the support members  312   a,    312   b  (e.g., by molding or thermoforming the support members  312   a,    312   b  with the tabs  344   a,    344   b  in situ), or by a combination thereof. The brim  312  is inserted through the slot  304  such that the brim  312  is above the support members  322   a,    322   b.  The brim  312  may be inserted through the slot  304  either before or after the ends  326   a,    326   b.  The tabs  344   a,    344   b  are folded down such that they contact central panel  302  below the slot  304  and are retained thereby. 
       FIGS. 50 through 53  depict an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which right-facing tabs  344   b  are formed within the ends  326   a,    326   b  of support members  312   a,    312   b.  As discussed above, the tabs  344   b  may be formed after the support members  312   a,    312   b  (e.g., by cutting the ends  326   a,    326   b  to form the tabs  344   b ) or may be integrally formed with the support members  312   a,    312   b  (e.g., by molding or thermoforming the support members  312   a,    312   b  with the tabs  344   b  in situ), or by a combination thereof. In the folded configuration, the tab  344   b  on support member  322   b  is bent downward such that it contacts the central panel  302  below the slot  304  on the environment side  308  and the tab  344   b  on support member  322   a  is bent downward such that it contacts the central panel  302  below the slot  304  on the wearer side  310 . 
       FIG. 54  depicts an embodiment of the third style of face shield  300  in which a plurality of teeth  349  protrude from the central panel  302  into the slot  304 . In embodiments, teeth  349  protrude from upper portion  306  into slot  304 . In embodiments, teeth  349  protrude from both upper portion  306  and central panel  302  into slot  304 . In embodiments, teeth  349  protrude from only part of upper portion  306  and/or central panel  302 . In embodiments, a single tooth  349  protrudes into slot  304 . Teeth  349  serve to increase the friction between the brim  312  and the slot  304 , thereby restricting the movement of the brim  312  through the slot  304  to prevent the face shield  300  from being inadvertently removed from the brim  312 . For the avoidance of doubt, it is contemplated that teeth may be incorporated into any of the various embodiments of the various styles of face shield discussed herein to increase friction between a slot and a brim. 
     Fourth Style (Connected to Headgear) 
       FIGS. 55 through 70  depict embodiments of a fourth style of face shield  400  in accordance with the present disclosure that are generally similar to the third style of face shield  300  except as otherwise noted herein. As shown, the face shield  400  comprises a central panel  402 , a slot  404 , an upper portion  406 , side panels  418   a,    418   b,  and support members  422   a,    422   b.    
     Support members  422   a,    422   b  are configured such that they may be secured to side panels  417   a,    417   b  of headgear  414 . 
       FIGS. 55 through 59  depict an embodiment whereby the ends  426   a,    426   b  of support members  422   a,    422   b  comprise tabs  442 . Slits  450  are formed in the side panels  417   a,    417   b  of headgear  414  into which tabs  442  are inserted to secure the ends  426   a,    426   b  to the headgear  414  in the folded configuration. As shown, the slits  450  are sized such that the tabs  442  may be inserted through the slits  450  once the tabs  442  are properly aligned therewith; once inserted, the tabs  442  are retained until and unless they are properly realigned with the slits  440 . In embodiments, one or more fasteners are also used with the support members  422   a,    422   b  and side panels  417   a,    417   b  to further secure the support members  422   a,    422   b  to the headgear  414 . 
       FIGS. 60 through 62  depict an embodiment whereby the support members  422   a,    422   b  comprise slits  440 . In the folded configuration, slits  440  abut the lower edge of the side panels  417   a,    417   b.  One or more clips  452  are inserted through the slits  440  and secure the support members  422   a,    422   b  to the headgear  414 . 
       FIGS. 63 through 65  depict an embodiment whereby the support members  422   a,    422   b  are held against the side panels  417   a,    417   b  by one or more fasteners. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 63 and 64 , in an embodiment an adhesive such as double-sided tape  454  is placed between the support members  422   a,    422   b  and the headgear  414 . The support members  422   a,    422   b  may be pressed against either the exterior or the interior of the headgear  414 . In other embodiments, adhesives such as glue or single sided tape are be used. In embodiments, additional fasteners are used to hold support members  422   a,    422   b  against headgear  414 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 65 a    through  65   c,  in an embodiment one or more staples  430  are inserted through headgear  414  and support members  422   a,    422   b.  The crown  432   a  of each staple  432  presses against one of support members  422   a,    422   b  and headgear  414 , while the prongs  432   b  press against the other of support members  422   a,    422   b  and headgear  414 . 
       FIGS. 67 and 68  depict an embodiment whereby side panels  418   a,    418   b  are joined to central panel  402  by fold lines  420   a,    420   b.  Side panels  418   a,    418   b  share a curved profile with the lower edge  405   b  and comprise slits  440  on support members  422   a,    422   b.  In the folded configuration, fold lines  420   a,    420   b  are flexed such that side panels  418   a,    418   b  extend away from the plane of central panel  402  and support members  422   a,    422   b  proximate the headgear  414 . Clips  452  are inserted through slits  440  and secure support members  422   a,    422   b  against headgear  414 . 
       FIGS. 69 and 70  depict an embodiment that is generally similar to that shown in  FIGS. 67 and 68 , except that fold lines  420   a,    420   b  are omitted. As shown, side panels  418   a,    418   b  are formed of a flexible material such that side panels  418   a,    418   b  may be bent away from the plane of central panel  402 . Side panels comprise slits  450  configured to receive a fastener  452  therethrough. 
     Fifth Style (Brim Cover) 
       FIGS. 71 through 83  depict embodiments of a fifth style of face shield  500  in accordance with the present disclosure that are generally similar to the second style of face shield  200  except as otherwise noted herein. As shown, the face shield  500  comprises a central panel  502 , a slot  504 , an upper portion  506 , and side panels  518   a,    518   b.  The face shield  500  further comprises a brim cover  556  configured to surround at least a portion of brim  512 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 71 through 75 , in an embodiment the brim cover  556  is connected to the central panel  502  and extends from the environment side  108 . Slot  504  in the central panel is joined to slot  558  in the brim cover  556 , such that a passageway extends from the wearer side  110  of central panel  502  through the brim cover  556  and brim cover  556  is substantially hollow. As shown in  FIG. 73 , a brim  512  may be inserted through the slot  504  in the central panel  502  and the slot  504  in the brim cover  556  such that the brim extends from the wearer side  510  of the central panel and protrudes from the environment side of the brim cover  556 . The placement of the face shield  500  may be adjusted by sliding the brim  512  in the brim cover  556 , such that the face shield  500  is closer or further from a wearer&#39;s face, as desired. 
     In embodiments, the brim cover  556  is integrally formed with central panel  502  (e.g., by molding or thermoforming the brim cover  556  with the central panel  502  in situ). In embodiments, the brim cover  556  is formed separately from central panel  502  before being joined to central panel  502  (such as by using a fastener, including but not limited to thermal welding). 
     As shown in  FIGS. 76 through 78 , in an embodiment the brim cover slot  558  has a closed end  560 . Brim  512  may be inserted into slot  504  and slot  558 , but cannot extend past closed end  560 . Such configuration provides greater protection, as the brim  512  may be substantially covered by brim cover  556  without having an uncovered portion that extends past the face shield  300 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 79 through 81 , in an embodiment brim cover  556  extends from both the wearer side  510  of the central panel  502  and the environment side  508  of central panel  502 . Such configuration may cover a greater portion of the brim  512  while still allowing the position of face shield  500  on the brim  512  to be adjusted by sliding the face shield  500  along the brim  512 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 82 through 83 , in an embodiment, brim cover  556  is formed separately from central panel  502  and is removable from central panel  502 . As shown, brim cover  556  comprises a plurality of offset ridges  562  arranged and spaced apart such that the upper portion  506  and/or central panel  502  can be retained therebetween. In the embodiment shown, a first plurality of ridges  562  are formed in a line that extends in front of central panel  502  and a second plurality of ridges  562  are formed in a line that extends behind central panel  502 . A portion of the brim cover without ridges  562  is located therebetween. In use, brim cover  556  is inserted into slot  504  such that the first plurality of ridges is on the environment side  508  of the central panel  502  and upper portion  506  and the second plurality of ridges is on the wearer side  510  thereof. The brim cover  556  is flexed to match the profile of the slot  504 . Once in place, brim  512  is inserted through slot  558  in the brim cover  556 . In an alternative embodiment, brim cover  556  is first secured to brim  512  before being inserted into slot  504 . 
     Sixth Style (Adapted for Hard Hats) 
       FIGS. 84 through 92  depict embodiments of a sixth style of face shield  600  in accordance with the present disclosure that are generally similar to the fourth style of face shield  400  except as otherwise noted herein. As shown, the face shield  600  comprises a central panel  602 , a slot  604 , an upper portion  606 , side panels  618   a,    618   b,  and support members  622   a,    622   b.  The face shield  600  is adapted for use with a four-point hard hat and/or a six-point hard hat. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 84 through 86 , in an embodiment face shield  600  comprises outer support members  623   a,    623   b  extending from side panel  618   a  and support members  622   a,    622   bb  extending from side panel  618   b.  Outer support members  623   a,    623   b  are generally similar to support members  422   a,    422   b  and are configured to be inserted into slits  650  in a six-point hard hat. Inner support members  622   a,    622   b  are configured to be inserted between a suspension  668  and hard hat  614 . As shown in  FIGS. 84 a  and 84 b   , the inner support members  622   a,    622   b  may be tapered to better fit between the suspension  668  and hard hat  614  in an interference fit, thereby fastening the face shield  600  to the hard hat  614 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 84 c   , tabs  642  are formed on the inner support members  622   a,    622   b  to better secure the tabs  642  to the suspension  668 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 84 d   , hammerhead tabs  666  protrude laterally from the inner support members to further secure the support members to the suspension  668 . 
       FIGS. 87 through 89  depict an embodiment adapted for use with a four-point hard hat. This embodiment may be formed by removing outer support members  622   a,    622   b  from the embodiment shown in  FIG. 84 a    (allowing a user to purchase a face shield  600  configured for use with a six-point hard hat and convert it for use with a four-point hard hat). Alternatively, the embodiment may be ready made for use with a four-point hard hat. Slits  878   a,    878   b  may be formed in support members to enable a protrusion (not shown) on the hard hat to be inserted therethrough. 
       FIG. 90  depicts an embodiments adapted for use with a four-point hard hat. As shown, side panels  618   a,    618   b  share a curved profile with the lower edge  605   b.  Slits  878   a,    878   b  are formed on support members  622   a,    622   b.  A plurality of fold lines  620   a,    620   b  join the side panels  618   a,    618   b  to the central panel  602 . The pluralities of fold lines form a plurality of discreate creases or bends. In an embodiment, the plurality of fold lines instead comprises a discrete fold area that permits bending through the area. 
       FIGS. 91 and 92  depict an embodiments adapted for use with a four-point hard hat. As shown, fold lines  620   a,    620   b  are omitted and the side panels  618   a,    618   b  are formed from a flexible material. In the folded or three-dimensional configuration, side panels  618   a,    618   b  are curved towards the wearer side  110  rather than being folded about fold lines so as to move support members  622   a,    622   b  proximate the hard hat  614 . 
     Seventh Style (Tabbed Upper Portion) 
       FIGS. 93 through 95  depict an embodiment of a seventh style of face shield  700  in accordance with the present disclosure that are generally similar to the third style of face shield  300  except as otherwise noted herein. As shown, the face shield  700  comprises a central panel  702 , a slot  704 , an upper portion  706 , side panels  718   a,    718   b,  and support members  722   a,    722   b.    
     Two tabs  772  extend from the top edge  705   a  of the central panel  702 . Slits  740  on the ends  726   a,    726   b  of support members  722   a,    722   b  are configured to receive the tabs  772  therein. As shown in  FIGS. 94 a  and 94 b   , in a folded configuration, the support members  722   a,    722   b  are folded through the slot  704 . Tabs  772  are folded down and inserted through respective slits  740 . The length of tabs  772  is such that, when folded, tabs  772  extend across upper portion  706  and slot  704 , thereby preventing the ends  726   a,    726   b  from being pulled back through the slot  704  so long as the tabs  772  are in place in slits  740 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 95 a    through  95   c,  tabs  772  may be folded forward against the environment side  708 . In embodiments (not shown), tabs  772  may be folded back against wearer side  710 . In embodiments, a tab  772  is of sufficient length to be folded against environment side  708  and inserted through a slit  740  in front of face shield  700 . Tab  772  may then be folded backwards and inserted through slot  704  before being folded upward against wearer side  710  and inserted through a second slit  740  behind face shield  700 . 
     Eighth Style (Face Access) 
       FIGS. 96 through 100  depict embodiments of an eighth style of face shield  800  in accordance with the present disclosure that are generally similar to the third style of face shield  300  except as otherwise noted herein. As shown, the face shield  800  comprises a central panel  802 , a slot  804 , an upper portion  806 , side panels  818   a,    818   b,  and support members  822   a,    822   b.    
     As shown in  FIGS. 96 through 97 , in an embodiment, face shield  800  comprises a fold line  875  extending laterally across central panel  802 . Fold line  875  enables a lower portion  874  of the central panel  802  to be bent or folded upwards towards the environment side  810  of the face shield  800  to permit access to the lower portion of a face of a wearer  876  without removing the face shield. Advantageously, as shown in  FIG. 97 c   , this configuration permits a wearer to eat or drink (such as using cup  877   a ) without needing to entirely remove the face shield  800 . The wearer  876  is thus afforded some protection, including to the wearer&#39;s eyes, even while accessing the lower portion of the wearer&#39;s face. In the embodiment shown, lower portion  874  is formed integrally with central panel  802 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 98 , lower portion  874  is formed separately from central panel  802  and is flexibly joined to central panel  802  by single-sided tape  854 . As shown, the tape  854  is transparent to visible light. In other embodiments, the tape  854  is translucent or at least partially opaque. In embodiments, other materials are used to join central panel  802  and lower portion  874 . In embodiments, lower portion  874  is formed from a different material than central panel  802 . In an embodiment, lower portion  874  is formed from a filter material that is at least semi-permeable to air while central panel  802  is formed from a material that is substantially impermeable. 
       FIGS. 99 and 100  depict an embodiment wherein central panel  802  covers only the upper portion of the face of a wearer  876 . Such configuration may be preferable, for example, when a wearer is using a separate mask  877   b  about the mouth and nose of the wearer  876 . As such, face shield  800  provides protection to the eyes while not obstructing access to the mask  877   b.    
     Ninth Style (Split Support Member) 
       FIGS. 101 through 106  depict embodiments of a ninth style of face shield  900  in accordance with the present disclosure that are generally similar to the third style of face shield  300  except as otherwise noted herein. As shown, the face shield  900  comprises a central panel  902 , a slot  904 , an upper portion  906 , and support members  922   a,    922   b.    
     Support members  922   a,    922   b  each comprise a top portion  980   a  separated from a bottom portion  980   b  by a slit  978   a,    978   b.  In a folded configuration, the support members  922   a,    922   b  are flexed back against wearer side  910 . Slits  978   a,    978   b  are configured to receive and retain a brim  912  therebetween. Slits  978   a,    978   b  further increase the friction between the brim  912  and the face shield  900 , thereby improving retention of the face shield  900  on the brim  912 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 101 through 103 , in an embodiment support members  922   a,    922   b  are directly connected to central panel  902  by fold lines  920   a,    920   b.  Although a plurality of fold lines are shown to permit support members  922   a,    922   b  to fold flush against wearer side  910  of central panel  902 , in other embodiments a single fold line or a fold area is used. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 104 and 105 , in an embodiment support members  922   a,    922   b  are connected to side panels  918   a,    918   b  by fold lines  920   a,    920   b.  Side panels  918   a,    918   b  are in turn connected to central panel  902  by fold lines  920   a,    920   b.  As shown in  FIG. 105 , in the folded configuration the support members  922   a,    922   b  are thus spaced apart from the central panel  902  when the brim  912  is inserted through slits  978   a,    978   b  and slot  904 . 
       FIG. 106  depicts an embodiment that is generally similar to that shown in  FIGS. 101 through 103 , except that central panel  902  further comprises a plurality of teeth  949  which protrude from the central panel  902  into the slot  904 . As discussed above, other configurations of teeth are contemplated in other embodiments. 
     Tenth Style (Respirator) 
       FIGS. 107 through 111  depict an embodiments of a tenth style of face shield  1000  in accordance with the present disclosure that are generally similar to the third style of face shield  300  except as otherwise noted herein. As shown, the face shield  1000  comprises a central panel  1002 , a slot  1004 , an upper portion  1006 , side panels  1018   a,    1018   b,  and support members  1022   a,    1022   b.    
     Face shield  1000  is configured for use with a respirator  1084   a  having a respirator cartridge  1084   b  that protrudes therefrom. As shown, central panel  1002  comprises an opening  1082  sized to accommodate respirator cartridge  1084   b  such that the environment side  1008  of respirator cartridge  1084   b  extends past the face shield  1000 . This permits air from the environment side  1008  of the face shield to be drawn in through the respirator cartridge  1084   b  where it can be filtered and inhaled by the wearer  1076 . Air can also be expelled through the respirator cartridge  1084   b  to the environment side  1008  of the face shield. 
     As shown, the central panel  1002  is sandwiched between the respirator  1084   a  and the respirator cartridge  1084   b.  In embodiments, a deformable member (such as an O-ring) is placed between the respirator  1084   a  and the central panel  1002  and/or the respirator cartridge  1084   b  and the central panel  1002  to create an air-tight connection therebetween. Respirator cartridge  1084   b  may be screwed or otherwise locked into respirator  1084   a,  thereby retaining them with the face shield  1000 . In an embodiment, once sealed together, the respirator  1084   a  and the respirator cartridge  1084   b  are supported by the face shield  1000  without the need for separate support structures. In embodiments, seals or adhesives may be used to seal respirator  1084   a  against the face of a wearer  1076 . In an embodiment, the face shield  1000  presses the respirator  1084   a  against the face of a wearer  1076  with sufficient force to create a seal about the wearer&#39;s mouth and nose. 
     Eleventh Style (Decontamination Curtain) 
       FIGS. 112 through 121  depict an embodiments of an eleventh style of face shield  1100  in accordance with the present disclosure that are generally similar to the third style of face shield  300  except as otherwise noted herein. As shown, the face shield  1100  comprises a central panel  1102 , a slot  1104 , an upper portion  1106 , side panels  1118   a,    1118   b,  and support members  1122   a,    1122   b.  Face shield  1100  incorporates one or more emitters  1191  configured to generate a decontamination curtain  1192  about the face of a wearer  1176 . In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 112 through 120 , the decontamination curtain  1192  is formed from ultra-violet light. In embodiments, the decontamination curtain  1192  is formed from other decontaminating radiation (which may comprise electromagnetic radiation, chemicals, aerosols, sonic waves, or other decontaminating substance or energy). In embodiments, the decontamination curtain  1192  is formed from decontaminating gas or liquid. 
     The decontamination curtain  1192  serves to prevent or reduce the amount of contamination that reaches a wearer&#39;s face from around the edges of the face shield  1100 . Decontamination includes, for example, viruses, bacteria, and other harmful items which a wearer desires to prevent from reaching the wearer&#39;s eyes, mouth, and/or nose. 
     As shown, emitters  1191  are held in an emitter array  1190 . As the embodiment show, emitters  1191  are light-emitting diodes (LEDs) configured to emit light in the ultra-violet spectrum which are electrically connected via emitter array  1190 . Emitter ray  1190  is retained against face shield  1100  by housing  1186  which comprises a slit  1188  to permit insertion of the emitter array  1190  and the face shield  1100 . Housing  1186  is flexible, such that the size of slit  1188  may be increased by bending housing  1186 . 
     When assembled, emitters  1191  are oriented to extend from the wearer side  1110  such that the decontamination curtain  1192  extends from the emitters  1191  to the wearer  1176 . The decontamination curtain  1192  covers the area below the brim  1112  around the perimeter of the face shield, such that contaminants cannot reach the wearer&#39;s face from around the perimeter of the face shield. A decontamination source  1194  is provided to supply the decontamination curtain  1192 . In the embodiment shown, decontamination source  1194  comprises a battery that may be retained beneath brim  1112 . In other embodiments, decontamination source  1194  comprises a reservoir of decontaminant that may be ejected by emitters  1191 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 112 through 120 , emitter array  1190  and housing  1186 , and decontamination source  1194  are removable from the face shield  1100 . In this manner, face shield  1100  may be provided to a wearer  1176  in a planar configuration, and discussed above. The wearer  1176  may then add emitter array  1190  and housing  1186 , and decontamination source  1194  to any compatible face shield as desired and/or remove them for cleaning or maintenance. 
       FIG. 121  depicts an embodiment wherein emitter array  1190  and housing  1186  are integrated together into a single piece (which may be either formed integrally with face shield  1100  or which may be separable therefrom). 
     Twelfth Style (Respirator and Decontamination Curtain) 
       FIGS. 122 and 123  depict an embodiment of a twelfth style of face shield  1200  in accordance with the present disclosure that is generally similar to the tenth style of face shield  1000  except as otherwise noted herein. As shown, the face shield  1200  comprises a central panel  1202 , a slot  1204 , an upper portion  1206 , side panels  1218   a,    1218   b,  and support members  1222   a,    1222   b.    
     Face shield  1200  is configured for both use with a respirator  1284   a  having a respirator cartridge  1284   b  that protrudes therefrom and use with an emitter array  1290 , housing  1286 , and decontamination source  1294 . As shown, central panel  1202  comprises an opening  1282  sized to accommodate respirator cartridge  1284   b  such that the environment side  1208  of respirator cartridge  12846   b  extends past the face shield  1200 . 
     Methods of Use 
       FIGS. 124 through 126  illustrate methods of using a face shield. As shown in  FIG. 124 , the face shield  1300  may be provided in an unfolded or planar configuration with a strip of material  1395  in the slot  1304 . Upon receiving the face shield  1300 , the strip of material  1395  is removed from the central panel  1302  to form the slot  1304 . 
     Next, as shown in  FIG. 125 a   , the side panels  1318   a,    1318   b  are folded towards the wearer side  1310  of the face shield  1300 . As shown in  FIG. 125 b   , the side panels  1318   a,    1318   b  are then folded away from the wearer side  1310 . In the embodiment shown, the side panels  1318   a,    1318   b  are substantially perpendicular from the central panel  1302  once folded. 
     The face shield  1300  is then secured to a brim  1312  by inserting the brim  1312  through the slot  1304 . Support members  1322   a,    1322   b  are folded below the brim  1312 , as shown in  FIG. 125 c   . In other embodiments, support members  1322   a,    1322   b  are folded above the brim  1312  or proximate the headgear  1314 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 126 , the face shield  1300  is positioned on and secured to the brim  1312  by pressing on the environment side  1308  of the upper portion  1306  and pressing on the wearer side  1310  of the central panel  1302 , such as using fingers  1396 . This pressure causes the face shield  1300  to flex and increases the pressure between the slot  1304  and the brim  1312 . 
       FIGS. 127 a  through 127 i    depict a variety of brimmed headgear (including hats, visors, helmets, and head coverings) with which a face shield in accordance with the present disclosure may be used. For each headgear, the face shield may be configured with a slot adapted to receive a brim of the headgear, thereby supporting the face shield. As shown,  FIGS. 127 a  and 127 b    depict scooter helmets,  FIG. 127 c    depicts a sports visor,  FIG. 127 d    depicts a sun visor with a partial helmet,  FIG. 127 e    depicts a hat with netting,  FIG. 127 f    depicts an equestrian helmet,  FIG. 127 g    depicts a sun visor,  FIG. 127 h    depicts a peaked cap (also known as a patrol cap), and  FIG. 127 i    depicts a pith helmet with netting. 
     It is understood that the preceding is merely a detailed description of some examples and embodiments of the present invention and that numerous changes to the disclosed embodiments may be made in accordance with the disclosure made herein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. The preceding description, therefore, is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but rather to provide sufficient disclosure to allow one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention without undue burden. It is further understood that the scope of the present invention fully encompasses other embodiments that may become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art and that the scope of the present invention is accordingly limited by nothing other than the appended claims.