Patent Publication Number: US-9899652-B2

Title: Self-activated draining system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/891,580, filed May 10, 2013 and entitled SELF-ACTIVATED DRAINING SYSTEM, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Active battery cooling can be used to reduce thermal runaway risk and optimize battery performance and lifetime. Some active battery cooling systems blow air across the cells, or across a radiator that is thermally coupled to the cells. As another example, a battery cooling system can use cooling tubes and a liquid coolant to withdraw heat from the cells. Care must be taken to ensure that the liquid coolant does not short or otherwise electrically interfere with the batteries. 
     The loss of containment of coolant inside of a high voltage battery (either by system failure or abuse) can lead to an unsafe situation. When a battery is mounted in an electric or hybrid vehicle, the inherent risk of mechanical damage to the battery (e.g., in a vehicle crash) can pose an increased likelihood of unwanted leaks of liquid coolant. If the cooling system becomes punctured and liquid coolant spreads elsewhere in the battery, this can lead to significant adverse consequences for the battery and the entire vehicle. 
     For example, when directly exposed to conductive coolant or liquid, a high voltage battery can experience loss of isolation, high voltage shorting and arcing, and hydrogen generation. Any or all of these can ultimately lead to an explosion or fire. That is, internal electrical components of a high-voltage battery should be protected from immersion, splash, contact or spray, in case an internal cooling system fails or is damaged from fatigue, faulty components, or crash/abuse. 
     In the past, an electric fluid sensor has been used to detect leaked coolant. However, such a sensor does not itself remove any liquid from the battery pack. Upon or after leakage, a skilled technician can drain a battery pack of leaking coolant. However, this requires expert knowledge and some external indication of the leak. 
     SUMMARY 
     In a first aspect, a drain device comprises: a body with a port therethrough, the body configured to be positioned in a wall of a container; a membrane covering the port; and an absorbing material that in an expanded state causes the membrane to be opened, wherein while the absorbing material is in a non-expanded state the membrane maintains a seal of the port. 
     Implementations can include any or all of the following features. The body comprises a cylindrical housing. The drain device further comprises a flange on the cylindrical housing, the drain device configured for placement so that the flange is outside the wall. The drain device further comprises a needle positioned adjacent the absorbing material, the needle configured to pierce the membrane when the absorbing material enters the expanded state. The needle comprises a hollow member. The hollow member is essentially cylindrical. The hollow member has a slanted tip toward the membrane. The drain device further comprises a plunger adjacent the absorbing material. The plunger and the needle form a moveable member in the body. The moveable member and the absorbing material are confined between front and rear members in the body. The needle extends through the absorbing material. The drain device further comprises a perforated member attached to the body, wherein the membrane is positioned against an inside surface of the perforated member and wherein the needle extends at least partially through the perforated member when the absorbing material enters the expanded state. The absorbing material is configured so that in the expanded state the absorbing material causes a switch to be actuated. The absorbing material is configured so that in the expanded state the absorbing material causes a spring to be released. The absorbing material is configured so that in the expanded state the absorbing material causes a spring loaded device to be released. The absorbing material is configured so that in the expanded state the absorbing material causes a seal to be opened. The absorbing material is configured so that in the expanded state the absorbing material causes a component to be moved for visual inspection. 
     In a second aspect, a drain device comprises: a body with a port therethrough, the body configured to be positioned in a wall of a container; first means for covering the port; and second means for, in an expanded state, causing the first means to be opened, wherein while the second means is in a non-expanded state the first means maintains a seal of the port. 
     Implementations can include any or all of the following features. The first means comprises a membrane, and the second means comprises an absorbing material. 
     In a third aspect, a system comprises: a battery system; a cooling system configured to cool at least part of the battery system with a liquid coolant; and a self-activating drain device in an exterior wall of the system, the self-activating drain device comprising: a body with a port therethrough, the body configured to be positioned in the exterior wall; a membrane covering the port; and an absorbing material that in an expanded state causes the membrane to be opened, wherein while the absorbing material is in a non-expanded state the membrane maintains a seal of the port. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  schematically shows a cross section view of an example of a battery system. 
         FIG. 2  shows a cross section view of an example valve in the battery system. 
         FIGS. 3-4  show cross section views of the valve in  FIG. 2  in non-activated and activated states, respectively. 
         FIG. 5  shows an example of a vent having a dissolving membrane. 
         FIGS. 6A-B  show an example of a vent having a plunger cap. 
         FIG. 7  shows an example of a vent having a vent cap. 
         FIGS. 8A-B  show an example of a drain valve having two floating balls. 
         FIG. 9  shows an example of a valve having a protective cover. 
         FIG. 10  shows an example of a valve with a dissolving washer. 
         FIG. 11  shows an example of a valve with a single floating ball. 
         FIG. 12  shows an example of a valve with a soluble structure. 
         FIG. 13  shows another example of the valve in  FIG. 12 . 
         FIG. 14  shows another example of the valve in  FIG. 12 . 
         FIGS. 15A-B  show a device, having an absorbent material, in respective dry and expanded states. 
         FIG. 16  shows an example of a drain device having a nut of a dissolvable material. 
         FIG. 17  shows an example of a drain device having a dissolving or reacting adhesive. 
         FIG. 18  shows another example of a drain device having a dissolving adhesive. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     This document describes systems and techniques for managing an undesirable presence of liquid in a battery system. In general, a system is furnished that is configured to contain leaking liquid in a non-liquid sensitive region of the battery system so as to protect internal electrical components of the battery system from coming in contact with the leaking liquid. The system also expunges, in direct response to the leakage, the leaking liquid from the battery system. 
     A passive drain comprises a self-activating valve having a dissolvable element that reacts to the liquid(s) and causes the valve to be opened. Before activation (opening), the valve is closed and prevents passage of any substances into or out from the battery system. Upon activation, the valve allows the leaking fluid to drain out of the enclosure. Some implementations are configured to contain internal coolant leaks in the battery system, expunge at least some of the coolant via the passive drain, and detect and report to a battery management system that such an event has occurred. For example, upon detection of such an event, coolant pumps can be deactivated, warning can be given to the user, and/or vehicle behaviors can be enacted to maximize safety. 
       FIG. 1  schematically shows an example of a battery system  100 . In some implementations, the battery system is implemented to power a vehicle. For example, the battery system can provide energy to one or more motors for propelling an electric or hybrid car. Here, the battery system has a generally flat shape for being mounted in the bottom of the vehicle, and is currently shown from the side. 
     The battery system can contain one or more individual cells. The individual cells are electrically interconnected to achieve the desired voltage and capacity for a particular application. For example, a number of cells can be organized in a battery pack compartment, and multiple battery pack compartments can be arranged to form the battery system  100 . 
     A cell can include any of a variety of different cell types, chemistries and configurations including, but not limited to, lithium ion (e.g., lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, other lithium metal oxides, etc.), lithium ion polymer, nickel metal hydride, nickel cadmium, nickel hydrogen, nickel zinc, silver zinc, or lead acid, to name just a few examples. 
     In this example, the cells are located in a region  102  of the battery system  100 . The region  102  is sometimes referred to as a “dry zone,” because the cells should generally be kept free from liquid or moisture to avoid electrical malfunction. That is, the dry zone here refers to the area within the battery that is sensitive to liquid and where contact with coolant should be prevented. This dry zone can include components and/or circuitry that controls the operation of the battery system (e.g., a battery management system). In contrast, one or more regions  104  are sometimes referred to as a “wet zone,” because such region houses a cooling system that uses liquid coolant to remove heat from the cells in the dry zone. That is, the wet zone here refers to the contained area within the battery that is generally not sensitive to liquid and in which a flood event will not cause an electrical hazard or trigger the generation of hydrogen. 
     In the following, examples of valve drains and other flood ports will be described. The dry zone is also a region where the drain/port will not be activated, because the dry zone is isolated to the wet zone. In an example system (such as battery system  100 ) potential failure points of the cooling system are contained within the wet zone. Points that are vulnerable to crash abuse include, but are not limited to, brazed and clamped joints, and the manifold. 
     The battery system  100  has a cooling system  106  (schematically shown) that can include a pump and one or more ducts or other conduits where the liquid coolant flows. For example, the duct(s) can run alongside and/or otherwise in between or around the cells, in order that heat can flow from the cells into the liquid coolant. At one or more places of the cooling system, the coolant is chilled to a lower temperature (i.e., thermal energy is removed from the coolant), thereby increasing its ability to absorb heat from the cells. Any suitable type of liquid coolant can be used. The coolant can be selected based on its thermal capacity, viscosity, cost, toxicity, and/or chemical inertia, to name just a few examples. 
     However, while the liquid coolant should absorb thermal energy from the cells, the liquid coolant should be kept contained in the cooling system and not come in contact with the cells or any other circuitry in the battery system. The container that houses the cooling system  106  therefore has one or more valves configured to self-activate (e.g., open) if coolant should be released inside the container. For example, if the cooling system should leak liquid coolant (e.g., due to a rupture or other malfunction) the coolant would collect inside the container and the valve should then open itself to allow (at least part of) the coolant to escape outside the battery system. 
       FIG. 2  shows a cross section view of an example valve  200  in the battery system. A battery enclosure  202  contains the entire battery system, in some implementations. For example, the battery enclosure encompasses the dry zone  102  in  FIG. 1 . Particularly, the battery enclosure forms a container  204  that in this example houses the cooling system. In the event of leakage, the container can serve as a coolant collection basin. That is, the system contains leaking liquid in a non-liquid sensitive region of the battery system, which can protect internal electrical components of the battery system from the leaking liquid. In direct response to the leakage, the system then expunges the leaking liquid. 
     A detector  206  can be provided on or near the valve  200  to detect the activation. The detector can perform detection in one or more ways, for example using a switch that closes (or is opened) by the movement of some component of the valve. As another example, the detector can use chemically and/or electrically sensitive components that register the presence of the liquid. 
       FIGS. 3-4  show cross section views of the valve  200  in  FIG. 2  in non-activated and activated states, respectively. The valve includes a body  300  that is configured to be positioned in a wall of a container. In some implementations, the body has threads  302 . The body can be mounted in the wall of the container  202  ( FIG. 2 ) using threads or a friction fit, to name just two examples. 
     The valve  200  includes a valve member  304  that extends at least partly through a port  306  of the body  300 . The port is one or more channels in the valve that if not blocked will allow liquid to pass through the valve. The valve member includes a disc  308  and an opposing end  310  connected by a stem  312 . An O-ring  313  is here mounted on the stem  312 . The O-ring currently seals the port against liquid flow. 
     The valve member can be manufactured from any suitable material such as, but not limited to, plastic or metal. In some implementations, the disc and the stem together form one part of the valve member, and the opposing end forms another part of the valve member. For example, these parts can be joined to each other using threads on at least one of the parts (here, the opposing end has external threads that match internal threads on the stem.) 
     A spring  314  is currently compressed (fully or partially) between the disc  308  and a portion of the body  300 . That is, the spring  314  has mechanical energy stored therein because it is currently not possible for the valve member  304  and the body to move relative to each other. The valve  200  is sometimes said to be in a non-activated state at this point, because it has not self-activated (e.g., opened) yet. 
     The prevention of relative motion between the valve member  304  and the body  300  results from the presence of a deformable member  316  in the valve  200 . The deformable member here includes a structural piece  316 A and a dissolvable element  316 B. Particularly, the dissolvable element  316 B currently deforms the structural piece so that one or more tabs  316 C on the structural piece abuts one or more flanges  310 A on the opposing end  310 . The contact between the tab(s) and the flange(s) currently prevents the valve member  304  and the body  300  from moving relative to each other. That is, the mechanical energy currently remains stored in the spring  314  because of how the dissolvable element deforms structural piece, and the current position of the valve member maintains the port sealed (by the O-ring  313 ). The valve  200  therefore resists ingress of liquid from the outside into an enclosure. 
     The dissolvable element  316 B can be made from any suitable material that will at least partly dissolve when it comes in contact with the particular liquid used in the system. In some implementations, the dissolvable element can have a crystalline structure that upon contact with the liquid disintegrates into ions, atoms and/or molecules. For example, a water-soluble material (e.g., sugar) can be used when the coolant includes water. 
     Assume now that the valve  200  comes into contact with the liquid(s), perhaps due to an inadvertent leak of liquid coolant. As the dissolvable element  316 B begins to dissolve, the deformation of the structural piece  316 A begins to change. In some implementations, the dissolvable element initially causes an elastic deformation of at least part of the structural piece (e.g., a part that contains the tab  316 C), and such deformation can then be fully or partially reversed when the element dissolves. 
       FIG. 4  shows an example of the valve  200  after the valve has self-activated. That is, the dissolvable element has (at least partially) dissolved such that the relative motion is no longer prevented by the tab(s)  316 C. As a result, the spring  314  has returned to a relaxed (in this example, longer) state and in doing so has caused the valve member  304  and the body  300  to move relative to each other. Particularly, the O-ring  313  no longer seals between the valve member and the body. The port  306  is therefore no longer blocked and the liquid can therefore pass through the open valve. That is, the dissolvable element  316 B causes the port  306  to open in response to liquid contacting the valve on the inside of the container. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 2 , the detector  206  can generate one or more signals upon self-activation by the valve  200 . In some implementations, the detector generates a signal to a remote system (e.g., a battery management system). Such signal(s) can be used for one or more purposes. For example, and without limitation, a pump of a cooling system can be switched off or at least partly de-energized. This can reduce the amount of liquid being leaked and can help mitigate the unwanted consequences. As another example, a user alert can be generated (such as an audio and/or visual signal.) As another example, the behavior of a vehicle that contains the battery system can be modified (such as by turning off a motor of the vehicle and/or switching to another mode of propulsion.) 
       FIG. 5  shows an example of a vent  500  having a dissolving membrane  502 . Here, the vent is mounted in a wall  504  (partially shown, in cross section), such as the wall of a battery pack, to separate an internal region thereof from an external region. The dissolving membrane can be manufactured from any suitable material(s) that will completely or partially dissolve on contact with the type(s) of coolant being used. In some implementations, a porous plug can be used. The membrane permits passage of gas (e.g., air) but not a liquid (e.g., water). On contact with battery coolant, a dissolution or other chemical reaction can occur, allowing the membrane (or plug) to disappear and the coolant to drain. For example, and without limitation, the coolant can have a caustic additive that attacks the vent material (e.g., the dissolving membrane) but does not attack one or more other materials (e.g., the interior surface of the battery pack). That is, the dissolving membrane resists liquid ingress from the outside and opens a port in the container wall in response to a liquid contacting the drain on the inside. 
     In some implementations, a shield  506  can be provided outside the vent. For example, the shield can prevent dust, other particles or solid objects from inadvertently puncturing or otherwise adversely affecting the dissolving membrane  502 . 
       FIGS. 6A-B  show an example of a vent  600  having a plunger cap  602 . The vent and/or the plunger cap can be manufactured as one or more integral pieces from any suitable material. For example, and without limitation, the vent and/or cap can be molded or machined from metal or a polymer. The vent can be mounted in the wall of any suitable type of container, such as a battery pack. 
     The plunger cap  602  is spring loaded using a spring  604 . In some implementations, another type of biasing member can be used, such as a blade spring or an elastically compressible material. The plunger cap is currently positioned against a seat  606 , thereby separating an internal region of the container from an external region thereof. A fuse pin  608  is attached to the plunger cap and currently prevents an interior wall  610  of the container from releasing the plunger cap. Particularly, the fuse pin blocks a member of the plunger cap from completely passing through an opening in the interior wall. That is, the spring has energy stored therein while the fuse pin holds the plunger cap in place against the seat. The fuse pin and the plunger cap resist liquid ingress from the outside. 
     On contact with one or more liquids (e.g., leaking coolant), the fuse pin  608  can release or break or dissolve. In some implementations, heat (e.g., from a fire) can have a similar effect on the fuse pin.  FIG. 6B  shows that the partial or full disappearance of the fuse pin causes the plunger cap  602  to cease engaging the seat  606 . This can allow a liquid in the interior to be drained. That is, the fuse pin and the plunger cap open a port in the container wall in response to a liquid contacting the drain on the inside. 
     In some implementations, the fuse pin can be wired to a voltage such that the closing of a switch upon contact with the coolant causes the pin to fail. For example, the switch can assume an “on” position when immersed in conductive coolant. 
       FIG. 7  shows an example of a vent  700  having a vent cap  702 . A gasket  704  can form a seal between the vent cap and a remainder of the vent, such as with one or more seats  706 . The vent cap is manufactured from a mass of some material (e.g., metal) such that the vent cap is brought loose by inertial forces upon an external event (e.g., a collision of the vehicle in which the vent is mounted, as schematically indicated by a crash motion arrow). Particularly, a frangible pin  710  causes the vent cap to hold its current position. For example, the frangible pin can be fractured by the external event, allowing any leaking coolant to drain. The fuse pin and the plunger cap resist liquid ingress from the outside and open a port in the container wall in response to an external event that may cause leakage on the inside. 
       FIGS. 8A-B  show an example of a drain valve  800  having two floating balls  802 A-B. In some implementations, a valve has two floating balls in series to drain an enclosure (e.g., a battery pack) that has been flooded. In short, the drain valve allows a flooded enclosure to drain, while sealing the enclosure against liquid ingress. The floating ball can be manufactured from any suitable material that will allow the ball to float (i.e., to be buoyed) due to the presence of liquid, including, but not limited to, polystyrene or other plastic, wood or other natural material, or a hollow metal or plastic sphere. 
     One of the balls (e.g., ball  802 B) is outside the enclosure. The drain valve can also seal the enclosure from ingress of water or other contaminants. For example, if a liquid level  804  appears outside the enclosure (e.g., due to submersion), the liquid will bias the floating ball  802 B against a wall  806 , thereby sealing or blocking a channel to the inside. That is, the floating ball  802 B resists liquid ingress from the outside. 
     The other ball (e.g., ball  802 A) is inside the enclosure. For example, as shown in  FIG. 8B , if a liquid level  808  appears inside the enclosure (e.g., due to coolant leak), the liquid will bias the floating ball  802 B away from the wall  806 , thereby opening a channel to drain the liquid through the drain valve  800 , as schematically indicated by arrows  810 . A cage  812  can be provided on the inside and/or outside of the drain valve, for example to maintain the floating ball(s) in position to close off the drain. That is, the floating ball  802 A opens a port in the container wall in response to a liquid contacting the drain on the inside. 
     A switch  814  can be provided with the drain valve  800 . In some implementations, the switch can be activated (i.e., change into an on or off state) upon the ball  802 A floating upward in the cage  812 . For example, the switch can trigger one or more actions such as, but not limited to, disengaging a pump for liquid coolant. 
       FIG. 9  shows an example of a valve  900  having a protective cover  902 . The protective cover has one or more fluid paths  904  to a floating ball. The protective cover can be positioned on the outside of the valve, such as to provide a tortuous path for liquid that approaches the valve from the outside. For example, the protective cover can prevent debris and liquid splashes from entering the valve. 
       FIG. 10  shows an example of a valve  1000  with a dissolving washer  1002 . Particularly, a valve member  1004  passes through a wall opening in a container  1006 , and the dissolving washer is biased against the container by a nut  1008 . In some implementations, a spring  1010  biases the valve member away from the opening. The other end of the spring abuts a rigid surface. A seal  1012  is positioned between the valve member and the opening in the container. The nut  1008  is here wider than the wall opening in the container  1006 . In other implementations, the nut may be narrower. 
     If the dissolving washer  1002  is contacted by a liquid (e.g., leaking coolant), it will dissolve fully or in part, and this allows the valve member  1004  to be moved relative to the container  1006  such that the seal  1012  no longer prevents fluid passage. That is, upon the valve member being repositioned, the liquid can drain out of the container. The seal, valve member and dissolvable washer resist liquid ingress from the outside, and open a port in the container wall when liquid contacts the valve on the inside. 
     The valve  1000  can have at least one frangible pin  1014 . In some implementations, the frangible pin can share the load with the dissolving washer  1002  before activation of the valve; that is, while the valve is sealing against liquid. For example, this can prevent creep before the valve is activated, but can allow the valve to open (e.g., fracturing the pin) in case the washer dissolves. 
       FIG. 11  shows an example of a valve  1100  with a single floating ball  1102 . The valve uses upper and lower seals  1104 A-B, respectively. The ball normally rests against the seat of the lower seal  1104 B. If the container is submersed (i.e., liquid approaches the valve from the outside), the liquid causes the single floating ball to float up against the seat of the upper seal  1104 A, as currently illustrated, thereby preventing liquid ingress. In case of internal flooding, liquid will enter the valve  1100  through the upper seal  1104 A and float the ball, thereby opening a port that allows the liquid to drain out at the bottom. 
     In some implementations, a dissolving cover could also be used. For example, the dissolving barrier can be made of polyvinyl alcohol or a similar substance. At its bottom, the valve  1100  has a tortuous path  1106  that can help prevent debris and liquid splashes from entering the enclosure. 
       FIG. 12  shows an example of a valve  1200  with a soluble structure  1202 . In some implementations, the soluble structure in its normal state biases a floating ball  1204  against one or more seals  1206  (e.g., a gasket) of the valve. For example, the soluble structure can include a tube or roll (e.g., of water soluble paper), of which one end abuts the ball and the other end abuts an interior surface of the valve. 
     In some implementations, the soluble structure  1202  keeps the ball  1204  pressed against the seal  1206  during vibrations and light external splashes or floods. The soluble structure and the ball resist liquid ingress from the outside. A protective cover (e.g., as described earlier herein) could be provided over the external opening of the valve to present a tortuous path to possible contaminants. 
     In the event of an internal flooding (e.g., due to leaking coolant) the soluble structure  1202  reacts to the liquid and dissolves into solution, in whole or in part.  FIG. 13  shows another example of the valve  1200  in  FIG. 12 . Here, the soluble structure has dissolved and is no longer visible. Moreover, liquid from the internal flooding is entering the valve through an opening  1300 , as schematically illustrated by flow arrows  1302 . 
     This causes the floating ball  1204  to be buoyed away from the bottom seal of the valve. As a result, the liquid can pass through the bottom opening and thereby be removed from the enclosure. That is, the floating ball opens a port that allows liquid to drain. After the liquid is drained from the interior, the floating ball can again assume its position against the bottom seal of the valve, for example similar to the situation in  FIG. 12 , with the difference that the soluble structure is no longer intact or even present at such a stage. Nevertheless, the contact between the floating ball and the bottom seal can prevent ingress of contaminants such as gas or debris into the enclosure. 
     Even if the soluble structure has ruptured or vanished (e.g., as a result of internal flooding, or due to a relatively high pressure from the external liquid) the valve can still seal the enclosure against external flooding.  FIG. 14  shows another example of the valve  1200  in  FIG. 12 . Here, a liquid has entered the lower part of the valve, as schematically indicated by flow arrows  1400 . This causes the floating ball  1204  to be buoyed toward a seal at the top of the valve. As a result, the liquid is prevented from entering the enclosure by the blocking of the top opening. That is, the floating ball resists liquid ingress from the outside. 
     In some implementations, the expansion of a fluid-absorbent material can be used in one or more ways.  FIGS. 15A-B  show a device  1500 , having an absorbent material  1502 , in respective dry and expanded states. A hollow needle  1504  is attached to a plunger that abuts the absorbent material. The hollow needle and the plunger together form a moveable component. In  FIG. 15A , the device also has a membrane  1506  that currently seals a port  1508 . 
     When the absorbent material  1502  is exposed to a fluid, it swells and pushes on the moveable component, causing the component to move. In this example, this motion causes the hollow needle to puncture the membrane  1506  such that the port  1508  is opened.  FIG. 15B  shows the device  1500  in the expanded state. That is, the pierced membrane allows passage of fluid through the device. 
     The device  1500  can be manufactured from any materials suitable for the respective purposes of its components. For example, the body of the device can be molded from a polymer and the absorbent material can include any substance that swells or expands a significant amount (e.g., to exert the necessary force on the hollow needle) upon contact with one or more liquids. The membrane can be made of any material that withstands debris and environmental fluctuations, yet can be pierced by the hollow needle. 
     The force and/or motion from the absorbent material can be used for one or more purposes. Piercing a membrane was mentioned above. Other purposes include, but are not limited to, pressing or releasing a contact switch, releasing a spring or spring loaded device, pushing open a seal, such as an O-ring or radial seal, and causing a component to move for visual inspection (colored dots behind a clear window). 
       FIG. 16  shows an example of a drain device  1600  having a nut  1602  of a dissolvable material. The nut has interior threads and is currently fitted onto a threaded stud  1604  which passes through a port in an enclosure wall  1606 . An environmental seal  1608  (e.g., a gasket or an O-ring) is provided between a head of the stud and the outside surface of the enclosure wall. That is, the dissolvable nut opens the port in response to a liquid contacting the drain device on the inside of the enclosure. The environmental seal resists ingress into the enclosure by a liquid that contacts the drain device on the outside of the enclosure. 
       FIG. 17  shows an example of a drain device  1700  having a dissolving or reacting adhesive  1702 . A lid  1704  currently covers a port in an enclosure wall  1706 . An environmental seal  1708  (e.g., a gasket or an O-ring) is provided between the lid and the outside surface of the enclosure wall. That is, the dissolving or reacting adhesive opens the port in response to a liquid contacting the drain device on the inside of the enclosure. The environmental seal resists ingress into the enclosure by a liquid that contacts the drain device on the outside of the enclosure. 
       FIG. 18  shows another example of a drain device  1800  having a dissolving or reacting adhesive  1802 . A lid  1804  currently covers a port in an enclosure wall  1806 . An environmental seal  1808  (e.g., a gasket or an O-ring) is provided between the lid and the outside surface of the enclosure wall. Here, a biasing member  1810  (e.g., a compressed spring) is provided between the lid and the enclosure wall. In this example, the biasing element is located between the adhesive and the seal; in other implementations, the biasing element can be located inside the adhesive or outside the seal. 
     That is, the dissolving or reacting adhesive  1802  causes the biasing member  1810  to open the port in response to a liquid contacting the drain device  1800  on the inside of the enclosure. The environmental seal  1808  resists ingress into the enclosure by a liquid that contacts the drain device on the outside of the enclosure. 
     A number of implementations have been described as examples. Nevertheless, other implementations are covered by the following claims.