Patent Publication Number: US-2023165046-A1

Title: Organic compound and sensor and sensor embedded display panel and electronic device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to and the benefit of, under 35 U.S.C. § 119, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0164666, filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Nov. 25, 2021, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0154156, filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Nov. 17, 2022, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     The inventive concepts relate to organic compounds, sensors, sensor-embedded display panels, and electronic devices. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Recently, there is an increasing demand for a display device implementing a biometric recognition technology that authenticates the person by extracting specific biometric information or behavioral characteristic information of a person with an automated device centering on finance, healthcare, and mobile. Accordingly, the display device may include a sensor for biometric recognition. 
     On the other hand, such a sensor for biometric recognition may be divided into an electrostatic type, an ultrasonic type, or an optical type. Among them, the optical type sensor is a sensor that absorbs light and converts it into an electrical signal. The organic material has a large extinction coefficient and may selectively absorb light in a specific wavelength region according to a molecular structure, and thus it may be usefully applied to an optical type sensor. 
     SUMMARY 
     The sensor provided in the display device may be disposed under the display panel or may be manufactured as a separate module and mounted on the outside of the display panel. However, when the sensor is under the display panel, the object should be recognized through the display panel, various films, and/or parts, and thus performance may be degraded. When the sensor is manufactured and mounted as a separate module, there are limitations in terms of design and usability. Accordingly, an embedded sensor having a sensor embedded in the display panel may be proposed. However, since the performance and physical properties required for the display panel and the sensor are different from each other, it may be difficult to implement in an integrated form. 
     Some example embodiments provide an organic compound that may be effectively applied to a sensor. 
     Some example embodiments provide a sensor including the organic compound. 
     Some example embodiments provide a sensor-embedded display panel including the organic compound or the sensor. 
     Some example embodiments provide an electronic device including the organic compound, the sensor, or the sensor-embedded display panel. 
     According to some example embodiments, an organic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is provided. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formula 1, 
     D is a substituted or unsubstituted divalent fused polycyclic aromatic group, 
     A 1  and A 2  are each independently a cyclic group including C═X 1 , a halogen, a C1 to C30 haloalkyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof; a substituted or unsubstituted dicyanovinyl group; or any combination thereof, wherein X 1  is O, S, Se, Te, or CR a R b , wherein R a  and R b  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof, and 
     R 1  and R 2  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a halogen, a cyano group, or any combination thereof, 
     provided that, a structure in which D is pyrenylene and A 1  and A 2  are each independently an indenyl group including C═X 1  are excluded, such that, when D in Chemical Formula 1 is pyrenylene, each of A 1  and A 2  is not the indenyl group including C═X 1 . 
     D may be one of a set of substituted or unsubstituted divalent fused polycyclic aromatic groups listed in Group 1. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Group 1, 
     two carbons of a set of carbons constituting each fused polycyclic aromatic group are linking points with Chemical Formula 1. 
     A 1  and A 2  may each independently be a cyclic group represented by Chemical Formula 1A, 1B, or 1C, or a substituted or unsubstituted dicyanovinyl group. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formulas 1A to 1C, 
     Ar 1  is a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 heterocyclic group, or a fused ring thereof, 
     Z 1  and Z 2  are each independently O, S, Se, Te, or CR a R b , wherein R a  and Rb are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof, and R a  and R b  are each independently present or are linked to each other to form a ring, 
     R c  to R h  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a halogen, a C1 to C30 haloalkyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof, and R c  to R h  are each independently present or adjacent two of R c  to R h  are linked to each other to form a ring, 
     at least one of R c  to R h  is a halogen, a C1 to C30 haloalkyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof, and 
     * is a linking point with Chemical Formula 1. 
     A 1  and A 2  may each independently be represented by one of Chemical Formulas 1A-1 to 1A-4 and 1B-1 to 1B-10 (e.g., one of Chemical Formulas 1A-1 to 1B-10). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formulas 1A-1 to 1A-4 and 1B-1 to 1B-10, 
     Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 4  are each independently O, S, Se, Te, or CR a R b , wherein R a  and R b  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof, and R a  and R b  are each independently present or are linked to each other to form a ring, 
     Z 3  is N or CR i , 
     G 1  to G 3  are each independently O, S, Se, or Te, 
     R 50  to R 56 , R 56′  and R i  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a halogen, a cyano group, or any combination thereof, and R 50  to R 56 , R 56′  and R′ are each independently present or adjacent two of R 50  to R 56 , R 56′  and R′ are linked to each other to form a ring, 
     n1 to n5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2, and 
     * is a linking point with Chemical Formula 1, 
     provided that when D in Chemical Formula 1 is pyrenylene, A 1  and A 2  are not represented by either of Chemical Formula 1A-2 or Chemical Formula 1B-1. 
     A 1  and A 2  may each independently be represented by any one of Chemical Formulas 1A-1a to 1B-10a. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formulas 1A-1a to 1B-10a, 
     R 50  to R 60 , R 56′  and R i  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a halogen, a cyano group, or any combination thereof, 
     R 50  to R 60 , R 56′  and R i  are each independently present or adjacent two of R 50  to R 60 , R 56′  and R i  are linked to each other to form a ring, and 
     * is a linking point with Chemical Formula 1, 
     provided that, when D in Chemical Formula 1 is pyrenylene, A 1  and A 2  are each not represented by any of Chemical Formulas 1A-1a, 1A-2a, 1B-1a, 1B-1b, 1B-1c, 1B-1d, 1B-1e, or 1B-1f. 
     A temperature at which a weight loss of the organic compound of 10% relative to an initial weight of the organic compound occurs during thermogravimetric analysis at 10 Pa or less may be about 100° C. to about 400° C. 
     A LUMO energy level of the organic compound may be about 2.5 eV to about 4.0 eV. 
     According to some example embodiments, a film including the organic compound is provided. 
     According to some example embodiments, a sensor includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including the organic compound. 
     The organic compound may be an n-type semiconductor, and the photoelectric conversion layer may further include a p-type semiconductor forming a pn junction with the organic compound, and the p-type semiconductor may be represented by Chemical Formula 2. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formula 2, 
     X 2  is O, S, Se, or Te, 
     Are is a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, or a fused ring of two or more selected therefrom, 
     Ar 1a  and Ar 2a  are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl(ene) group or a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroaryl(ene) group, 
     R 1a  to R 3a  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroaryl group, a halogen, a cyano group, or any combination thereof, and 
     Ar 1a,  Ar 2a , R 1a , and R 2a  are each independently present or adjacent two thereof are linked to each other to form a ring. 
     The p-type semiconductor may be represented by Chemical Formula 2A or Chemical Formula 2B. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formulas 2A and 2B, 
     X 2  is O, S, Se, or Te, 
     Ar 2  is a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, or a fused ring of two or more selected therefrom, 
     Ar 1a  and Ar 2a  are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 arylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroarylene group, 
     L and Z are each independently a single bond, O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO 2 , CR k R l , SiR m R n , GeR o R p , NR q , a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 arylene group, or any combination thereof, and 
     R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , and R k  to R q  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a halogen, a cyano group or any combination thereof. 
     According to some example embodiments, a sensor-embedded display panel includes substrate, a substrate, a light emitting element on the substrate and including a light emitting layer, and a light absorption sensor on the substrate and including a photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the light emitting element and the light absorption sensor are arranged in parallel along an in-plane direction of the substrate and the photoelectric conversion layer includes the organic compound. 
     The organic compound may be an n-type semiconductor, the photoelectric conversion layer may further include a p-type semiconductor forming a pn junction with the organic compound, and the p-type semiconductor may be represented by Chemical Formula 2. 
     The p-type semiconductor may be represented by Chemical Formula 2A or 2B. 
     The light emitting element may include first, second, and third light emitting elements configured to emit light of different wavelength spectra each other, and the light absorption sensor may be configured to absorb light that is emitted from at least one of the first, second or third light emitting elements and then reflected by the recognition target, and convert the absorbed light into an electrical signal. 
     The light emitting element and the light absorption sensor may include separate portions of a common electrode configured to apply a common voltage to the light emitting element and the light absorption sensor, respectively. The sensor-embedded display panel may further include a first common auxiliary layer continuously formed between the light emitting element and the common electrode and between the light absorption sensor and the common electrode. The sensor-embedded display panel may further include a second common auxiliary layer continuously formed between the light emitting device and the substrate and between the light absorption sensor and the substrate. 
     A difference between the LUMO energy level of the first common auxiliary layer and the LUMO energy level of the organic compound may be about 0 eV to about 1.2 eV. 
     The sensor-embedded display panel may further include a second common auxiliary layer continuously formed between the light emitting device and the substrate and between the light absorption sensor and the substrate. 
     The sensor-embedded display panel may include a display area configured to display a color and a non-display area excluding the display area, and the light absorption sensor may be located in the non-display area. 
     The light emitting element may include a first light emitting element configured to emit light of a red wavelength spectrum, a second light emitting element configured to emit light of a green wavelength spectrum, and a third light emitting element configured to emit light of a blue wavelength spectrum, the display area may include a plurality of first subpixels configured to display light of the red wavelength spectrum and including the first light emitting element, a plurality of second subpixels configured to display light of the green wavelength spectrum and including the second light emitting element, and a plurality of third subpixels configured to display light of the blue wavelength spectrum and including the third light emitting element, and the light absorption sensor may be between at least two subpixels of a first subpixel of the plurality of first subpixels, a second subpixel of the plurality of second subpixels, or a third subpixel of the plurality of third subpixels. 
     According to some example embodiments, an electronic device including the film, the sensor, or the sensor-embedded display panel is provided. 
     Since the organic compound has good electrical and thermal properties, the organic compound can be effectively applied to a sensor and a sensor-embedded display panel. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a sensor according to some example embodiments, 
         FIG.  2    is a plan view showing an example of an image sensor according to some example embodiments, 
         FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the image sensor of  FIG.  2   , 
         FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the image sensor of  FIG.  2   , 
         FIG.  5    is a plan view showing another example of an image sensor according to some example embodiments, 
         FIG.  6    is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the image sensor of  FIG.  5   , 
         FIG.  7    is a plan view showing another example of an image sensor according to some example embodiments, 
         FIG.  8    is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the image sensor of  FIG.  7   , 
         FIG.  9    is a plan view illustrating an example of a sensor-embedded display panel according to some example embodiments, 
         FIG.  10    is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a sensor-embedded display panel according to some example embodiments, 
         FIG.  11    is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of a sensor-embedded display panel according to some example embodiments, 
         FIG.  12    is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a smart phone as an electronic device according to some example embodiments, and 
         FIG.  13    is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration diagram of an electronic device according to some example embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Hereinafter, example embodiments will be described in detail so that a person skilled in the art would understand the same. However, a structure that is actually applied may be implemented in various different forms and is not limited to the example embodiments described herein. 
     In the drawings, the thickness of layers, films, panels, regions, etc., are exaggerated for clarity. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being “on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present. 
     In the drawings, parts having no relationship with the description are omitted for clarity of the embodiments, and the same or similar constituent elements are indicated by the same reference numeral throughout the specification. 
     Hereinafter, the terms “lower” and “upper” are used for better understanding and ease of description, but do not limit the location relationship. 
     As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, “substituted” refers to replacement of hydrogen of a compound by a substituent of a halogen, a hydroxy group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group, an azido group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a carbonyl group, a carbamyl group, a thiol group, an ester group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C2 to C30 alkenyl group, a C2 to C30 alkynyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group, a C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a C1 to C20 heteroalkyl group, a C3 to C20 heterocyclic group, a C3 to C20 heteroarylalkyl group, a C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a C3 to C15 cycloalkenyl group, a C6 to C15 cycloalkynyl group, a C3 to C30 heterocycloalkyl group, or any combination thereof. 
     As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, “hetero” refers to one including 1 to 4 heteroatoms of N, O, S, Se, Te, Si, or P. 
     As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, “alkyl group” may be a linear or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon group (e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, a hexyl group, and the like). 
     As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, “alkenyl group” refers to a linear or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon-carbon double bond (e.g., an ethenyl group). 
     As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, “alkoxy group” may refer to an alkyl group that is linked via an oxygen, e.g., a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a sec-butyloxy group. 
     As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, “aryl group” refers to a monovalent functional group formed by the removal of one hydrogen atom from one or more rings of an arene, e.g., phenyl or naphthyl. The arene refers to a hydrocarbon having an aromatic ring, and includes monocyclic and polycyclic hydrocarbons wherein the additional ring(s) of the polycyclic hydrocarbon may be aromatic or nonaromatic. 
     As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, “heterocyclic group” is a higher concept of a heteroaryl group, and may include at least one heteroatom of N, O, S, Se, Te, P, or Si, and the remaining carbon. When the heterocyclic group is a fused ring, the entire heterocyclic group or each ring may include one or more heteroatoms. 
     As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, “aromatic ring” refers to a functional group in which all atoms in the cyclic functional group have a p-orbital, and wherein these p-orbitals are conjugated. For example, the aromatic ring may be a C6 to C20 aryl group. 
     Hereinafter, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the energy level is the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level or the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level. 
     It will further be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it may be above or beneath or adjacent (e.g., horizontally adjacent) to the other element. It will be understood that elements and/or properties thereof (e.g., structures, surfaces, directions, or the like), which may be referred to as being “perpendicular,” “parallel,” “coplanar,” or the like with regard to other elements and/or properties thereof (e.g., structures, surfaces, directions, or the like) may be “perpendicular,” “parallel,” “coplanar,” or the like or may be “substantially perpendicular,” “substantially parallel,” “substantially coplanar,” respectively, with regard to the other elements and/or properties thereof. Elements and/or properties thereof (e.g., structures, surfaces, directions, or the like) that are “substantially perpendicular” with regard to other elements and/or properties thereof will be understood to be “perpendicular” with regard to the other elements and/or properties thereof within manufacturing tolerances and/or material tolerances and/or have a deviation in magnitude and/or angle from “perpendicular,” or the like with regard to the other elements and/or properties thereof that is equal to or less than 10% (e.g., a. tolerance of ±10%). Elements and/or properties thereof (e.g., structures, surfaces, directions, or the like) that are “substantially parallel” with regard to other elements and/or properties thereof will be understood to be “parallel” with regard to the other elements and/or properties thereof within manufacturing tolerances and/or material tolerances and/or have a deviation in magnitude and/or angle from “parallel,” or the like with regard to the other elements and/or properties thereof that is equal to or less than 10% (e.g., a. tolerance of ±10%). Elements and/or properties thereof (e.g., structures, surfaces, directions, or the like) that are “substantially coplanar” with regard to other elements and/or properties thereof will be understood to be “coplanar” with regard to the other elements and/or properties thereof within manufacturing tolerances and/or material tolerances and/or have a deviation in magnitude and/or angle from “coplanar,” or the like with regard to the other elements and/or properties thereof that is equal to or less than 10% (e.g., a. tolerance of ±10%). It will be understood that elements and/or properties thereof may be recited herein as being “identical” to, “the same” or “equal” as other elements, and it will be further understood that elements and/or properties thereof recited herein as being “identical” to, “the same” as, or “equal” to other elements may be “identical” to, “the same” as, or “equal” to or “substantially identical” to, “substantially the same” as or “substantially equal” to the other elements and/or properties thereof. Elements and/or properties thereof that are “substantially identical” to, “substantially the same” as or “substantially equal” to other elements and/or properties thereof will be understood to include elements and/or properties thereof that are identical to, the same as, or equal to the other elements and/or properties thereof within manufacturing tolerances and/or material tolerances. Elements and/or properties thereof that are identical or substantially identical to and/or the same or substantially the same as other elements and/or properties thereof may be structurally the same or substantially the same, functionally the same or substantially the same, and/or compositionally the same or substantially the same. It will be understood that elements and/or properties thereof described herein as being “substantially” the same and/or identical encompasses elements and/or properties thereof that have a relative difference in magnitude that is equal to or less than 10%. Further, regardless of whether elements and/or properties thereof are modified as “substantially,” it will be understood that these elements and/or properties thereof should be construed as including a manufacturing or operational tolerance (e.g., ±10%) around the stated elements and/or properties thereof. While the term “same,” “equal” or “identical” may be used in description of some example embodiments, it should be understood that some imprecisions may exist. Thus, when one element is referred to as being the same as another element, it should be understood that an element or a value is the same as another element within a desired manufacturing or operational tolerance range (e.g., ±10%). When the terms “about” or “substantially” are used in this specification in connection with a numerical value, it is intended that the associated numerical value includes a manufacturing or operational tolerance (e.g., ±10%) around the stated numerical value. Moreover, when the words “about” and “substantially” are used in connection with geometric shapes, it is intended that precision of the geometric shape is not required but that latitude for the shape is within the scope of the inventive concepts. Further, regardless of whether numerical values or shapes are modified as “about” or “substantially,” it will be understood that these values and shapes should be construed as including a manufacturing or operational tolerance (e.g., ±10%) around the stated numerical values or shapes. When ranges are specified, the range includes all values therebetween such as increments of 0.1%. 
     Hereinafter, when a definition is not otherwise provided, a work function or an energy level is expressed as an absolute value from a vacuum level. In addition, when the work function or the energy level is referred to be deep, high, or large, it may have a large absolute value based on “0 eV” of the vacuum level while when the work function or the energy level is referred to be shallow, low, or small, it may have a small absolute value based on “0 eV” of the vacuum level. Further, the differences between the work function and/or the energy level may be values obtained by subtracting a small value of the absolute value from a large value of the absolute value. 
     Hereinafter, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the HOMO energy level may be evaluated with an amount of photoelectrons emitted by energy when irradiating UV light to a thin film using AC-2 (Hitachi) or AC-3 (Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.). 
     Hereinafter, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the LUMO energy level may be obtained by obtaining a bandgap energy using a UV-Vis spectrometer (Shimadzu Corporation), and then calculating the LUMO energy level from the bandgap energy and the already measured HOMO energy level. 
     Hereinafter, an organic compound according to some example embodiments is described. 
     The organic compound according to some example embodiments may have an A-D-A structure in which an electron donating group (D) and an electron accepting group (A) are disposed on both sides of the electron donating group. 
     As an example, the organic compound may be represented by Chemical Formula 1. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formula 1, 
     D is a substituted or unsubstituted divalent fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group, 
     A 1  and A 2  are each independently a cyclic group including C═X&#39;, a halogen, a C1 to C30 haloalkyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof; a substituted or unsubstituted dicyanovinyl group; or any combination thereof, wherein X 1  is O, S, Se, Te, or CR a R b , wherein R a  and R b  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof, and 
     R 1  and R 2  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a halogen, a cyano group or any combination thereof. 
     However, a structure in which the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group (D) is pyrenylene and A 1  and A 2  are each independently an indenyl group including C═X 1  may be excluded from the scope of the organic compound. For example, when D in Chemical Formula 1 is pyrenylene, A 1  and A 2  may be excluded from each being an indenyl group including C═X 1 , for example neither A 1  nor A 2  may be an indenyl group including C═X 1  concurrently with D being pyrenylene. For example, when D in Chemical Formula 1 is pyrenylene, A 1  and A 2  may each independently be a cyclic group that is not an indenyl group including C═X 1 , a halogen, a C1 to C30 haloalkyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof; a substituted or unsubstituted dicyanovinyl group; or any combination thereof, wherein X 1  is O, S, Se, Te, or CR a R b , wherein R a  and R b  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof. For example, when D in Chemical Formula 1 is pyrenylene, A 1  and A 2  may each independently be a cyclic group including a halogen, a C1 to C30 haloalkyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof; a substituted or unsubstituted dicyanovinyl group; or any combination thereof. 
     The organic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is a fused polycyclic aromatic compound including, as a core, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring in which two or more rings are fused. In the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group, two or more rings, for example, two, three, or four rings may be fused. 
     For example, the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group (D) may be one of the substituted or unsubstituted divalent fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups (e.g., a set of substituted or unsubstituted divalent fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups) listed in Group 1, but is not limited thereto. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Group 1, 
     two of the carbons constituting each fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group are linking points with Chemical Formula 1. For example, as shown in Group 1, each fused polycyclic aromatic group may include a set of carbons, and two carbons of the set of carbons constituting each fused polycyclic aromatic group may be linking points with Chemical Formula 1. 
     For example, at least one hydrogen of each fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group listed in Group 1 may be substituted by a monovalent organic group. The monovalent organic group may be, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, substituted Or an unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, a halogen (F, Cl, Br or I), a cyano group, or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. 
     For example, the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group (D) may be a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted anthracenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted tetracenylene group. 
     For example, A 1  and A 2  are electron acceptors having an electron accepting property, and may be the same as or different from each other. A 1  and A 2  may be bonded to one ring among the rings constituting the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group or may be bonded to different rings among the rings constituting the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group. 
     For example, A 1  and A 2  may each independently be a cyclic group including C═X 1  (X 1  is O, S, Se, Te, or CR a R b , and R a  and R b  are as described above, such that R a  and R b  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof), and for example, they may be a cyclic group including C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═Te, C═CH(CN), C═C(CN) 2 , 1,3-dioxoindane, or any combination thereof. The cyclic group may be, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 heterocyclic group, or a fused ring thereof, and for example, it may be a substituted or unsubstituted five-membered ring, a substituted or unsubstituted six-membered ring, or a fused ring thereof. 
     For example, A 1  and A 2  may each independently be a cyclic group including F, Cl, Br, I, a C1 to C30 haloalkyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof. The cyclic group may be, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 heterocyclic group, or a fused ring thereof, and for example, it may be a substituted or unsubstituted five-membered ring, a substituted or unsubstituted six-membered ring, or a fused ring thereof. 
     For example, A 1  and A 2  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted dicyanovinyl group. 
     For example, A 1  and A 2  may each independently be a cyclic group represented by the following Chemical Formulas 1A, 1B, or 1C, or a substituted or unsubstituted dicyanovinyl group. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formulas 1A to 1C, 
     Ar 1  is a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 heterocyclic group, or a fused ring thereof, 
     Z 1  and Z 2  are each independently O, S, Se, Te, or CR a R b , wherein R a  and R b  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof, and R a  and R b  are each independently present or are linked to each other to form a ring, 
     R c  to R h  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a halogen, a C1 to C30 haloalkyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof, and R c  to R h  are each independently present or adjacent two of R c  to R h  are linked to each other to form a ring, 
     at least one of R c  to R h  is a halogen, a C1 to C30 haloalkyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof, and 
     * is a linking point with Chemical Formula 1. 
     For example, A 1  and A 2  may each independently be represented by any one of Chemical Formulas 1A-1 to 1A-4 and 1B-1 to 1B-10 (e.g., any one of Chemical Formulas 1A-1 to 1B-10). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formulas 1A-1 to 1A-4 and 1B-1 to 1B-10, 
     Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 4  are each independently O, S, Se, Te, or CR a R b , wherein R a  and R b  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, a dicyanovinyl group, or any combination thereof, and R a  and R b  are each independently present or are linked to each other to form a ring, 
     Z 3  is N or CR i , 
     G 1  to G 3  are each independently O, S, Se, or Te, 
     R 50  to R 56 , R 56′  and R′ are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a halogen, a cyano group, or any combination thereof, and R 50  to R 56 , R 56′  and R′ are each independently present or adjacent two of R 50  to R 56 , R 56′  and R′ are linked to each other to form a ring, 
     n1 to n5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2, and 
     * is a linking point with Chemical Formula 1. 
     However, when the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group (D) of Chemical Formula 1 is pyrenylene, A 1  and A 2  are not represented by either of Chemical Formula 1A-2 or Chemical Formula 1B-1. For example, when the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group (D) of Chemical Formula 1 is pyrenylene, A 1  and A 2  may each be represented by one of Chemical Formulas 1B-5, 1B-6, 1B-7, 1B-8, 1B-9, or 1B-10, respectively. 
     For example, Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 4  may each independently be O, S, Se, Te, CH(CN), C(CN) 2 , 1,3-dioxoindane, or any combination thereof. 
     For example, in Chemical Formula 1A-3, Z 1  and Z 4  may be the same as or different from each other, for example, any one of Z 1  and Z 4  may be 0 and the other (e.g., another one) may be S, Se, Te, CH(CN), or C(CN)2. 
     For example, in Chemical Formulas 1A-4, Z 1  and Z 4  may be the same as or different from each other. For example, Z 1  and Z 4  may be the same as each other, and each may be O. For example, Z 1  and Z 4  may be the same as each other, and each may be S. For example, Z 1  and Z 4  may be different from each other, and any one of Z 1  and Z 4  may be O and the other (e.g., another one) may be S. 
     For example, in Chemical Formulas 1B-1 to 1B-10, Z 1  and Z 2  may be the same as or different from each other. For example, Z 1  and Z 2  may be the same as each other, and each may be O. For example, Z 1  and Z 2  may be the same as each other, and each may be S. For example, Z 1  and Z 2  may be different from each other, and any one of Z 1  and Z 2  may be O and the other one of Z 1  and Z 2  may be S, Se, Te, CH(CN), or C(CN) 2 . 
     For example, in Chemical Formulas 1B-6, 1B-7, or 1B-9, 1 1 , Z 2 , and Z 4  may be the same as or different from each other. For example, Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 4  may be the same as each other, and may each be 0. For example, Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 4  may be the same as each other, and each may be S. For example, Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 4  may be different from each other, and any two of Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 4  may be O and the other (e.g., another one) may be S, Se, Te, CH(CN), or C(CN) 2 . 
     For example, Z 3  may be N or CH. 
     For example, G 1  to G 3  may each independently be O or S. 
     For example, R 50  to R 56 , R 56′  and R′ may each independently be hydrogen, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a phenyl group, a halogen, a cyano group, or any combination thereof. 
     For example, n1 to n5 may each independently be 0 or 1. 
     For example, A 1  and A 2  may each independently be represented by any one of Chemical Formulas 1A-1a to 1B-10a. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formulas 1A-1a to 1B-10a, 
     R 50  to R 60 , R 56′  and R′ are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a halogen, a cyano group, or any combination thereof, 
     R 50  to R 60 , R 56′  and R′ are each independently present or adjacent two of R 50  to R 60 , R 56′  and R′ are linked to each other to form a ring, and 
     * is a linking point with Chemical Formula 1. 
     However, when the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group (D) of Chemical Formula 1 is pyrenylene, A 1  and A 2  each may not be represented by any of Chemical Formulas 1A-1a, 1A-2a, 1B-1a, 1B-1b, 1B-1c, 1B-1d, 1B-1e, or 1B-1f. For example, when the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group (D) of Chemical Formula 1 is pyrenylene, Al and A 2  may each be one of Chemical Formulas 1B-5a, 1B-6a, 1B-6b, 1B-6c, 1B-7a, 1B-7b, 1B-8a, 1B-9a, or 1B-10a. 
     For example, R 50  to R 60 , R 56′  and R′ may each independently be hydrogen, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a phenyl group, a halogen, a cyano group, or any combination thereof. 
     For example, the organic compound may be one of the compounds listed in Group 2, but is not limited thereto. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Group 2, 
     R 50  to R 55 , R′, R″, R′″, and R″″ may each independently be hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a halogen, a cyano group, or any combination thereof, and R 50  to R 55  may each independently be present or adjacent two of R 50  to R 55  may be linked to each other to form a ring. 
     The organic compound may have semiconductor properties by having an electron donating group and an electron accepting group having the structure described above, and may be used, for example, as an n-type semiconductor. For example, the LUMO energy level of the organic compound may be about 2.5 eV to about 4.0 eV (based on an absolute value), and within the range, about 2.6 eV to about 4.0 eV, about 2.7 eV to about 4.0 eV, or about 2.8 eV to about 3.9 eV. For example, a bandgap energy of the organic compound may be about 2.0 eV to about 3.5 eV, and within the range, about 2.2 to about 3.3 eV. 
     The organic compound may be a material that can be vacuum-deposited, and may be a sublimable material that may be vacuum-deposited by sublimation without decomposition or polymerization, within a particular (or, alternatively, predetermined) temperature range. The sublimable materials may be identified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and may be organic materials that lose a weight with increasing temperature and lose a weight by at least about 50% of their initial weight without substantial decomposition or polymerization. 
     For example, the organic compound may have a temperature (hereinafter referred to as a “sublimation temperature”) at which a weight loss of 10% relative to the initial weight of the organic compound occurs during thermogravimetric analysis at a pressure of about 10 Pa or less, within a particular (or, alternatively, predetermined) range (e.g., 0 Pa to about 10 Pa, about 0.01 Pa to about 10 Pa, about 0.1 Pa to about 10 Pa, or the like). For example, the sublimation temperature of the organic compound may be less than or equal to about 400° C., and within the above range, less than or equal to about 390° C., less than or equal to about 380° C., less than or equal to about 370° C., less than or equal to about 360° C., less than or equal to about 350° C., less than or equal to about 340° C., less than or equal to about 330° C., less than or equal to about 320° C., less than or equal to about 310° C., less than or equal to about 300° C., less than or equal to about 290° C., less than or equal to about 280° C., less than or equal to about 270° C., or less than or equal to about 250° C., about 100° C. to about 400° C., about 100° C. to about 390° C., about 100° C. to about 380° C., about 100° C. to about 370° C., about 100° C. to about 360° C., about 100° C. to about 350° C., about 100° C. to about 340° C., about 100° C. to about 330° C., about 100° C. to about 320° C., about 100° C. to about 310° C., about 100° C. to about 300° C., about 100° C. to about 290° C., about 100° C. to about 280° C., about 100° C. to about 270° C., about 100° C. to about 250° C., about 150° C. to about 400° C., about 150° C. to about 400° C., about 150° C. to about 380° C., about 150° C. to about 370° C., about 150° C. to about 360° C., about 150° C. to about 350° C., about 150° C. to about 340° C., about 150° C. to about 330° C., about 150° C. to about 320° C., about 150° C. to about 310° C., about 150° C. to about 300° C., about 150° C. to about 290° C., about 150° C. to about 280° C., about 150° C. to about 270° C., or about 150° C. to about 250° C. 
     The organic compound may be applied to (e.g., included in) various devices due to the aforementioned electrical and thermal properties. The organic compound may be configured to enable an image sensor including the organic compound in a photoelectric conversion layer thereof to reduce, minimize, or prevent an image afterimage due to remaining charges in a photoelectric conversion layer that includes the organic compound, thereby resulting in the image sensor being configured to generate images with improved performance (e.g., improved accuracy, reduced afterimage generation, improved ability to perform high-speed image generation) including being applied to an image sensor suitable for high-speed photographing. Accordingly, an image sensor including the aforementioned organic compound (e.g., in a photoelectric conversion layer, a film, etc.) may be configured to have improved high-speed photographing performance based on including the aforementioned organic compound which configures the image sensor to have reduced, minimized, or prevented generation of image afterimage due to remaining charges in a photoelectric conversion layer that includes the aforementioned organic compound. In some example embodiments, a film (e.g., a thin form) comprising the organic compound may be formed. 
     For example, the organic compound may be applied to a sensor. The sensor may be a light absorption sensor configured to absorb light and convert the absorbed light into an electrical signal. The sensor may be an organic sensor including an organic material (which may include the organic compound) as a photoelectric conversion material. 
       FIG.  1    is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a sensor according to some example embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , a sensor  100  according to some example embodiments includes a first electrode  110 , a second electrode  120 , a photoelectric conversion layer  130 , and optionally auxiliary layers  140  and  150 . 
     A substrate (not shown) may be disposed below the first electrode  110  or above the second electrode  120 . The substrate may be for example an inorganic substrate such as a glass plate or silicon wafer or an organic substrate made of an organic material such as polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polyethylenenaphthalate, polyamide, polyethersulfone, or any combination thereof. The substrate may be omitted. 
     The substrate may be, for example, a semiconductor substrate, or a silicon substrate. The semiconductor substrate may include a circuit unit (not shown), and the circuit unit may include transmission transistors (not shown) and/or charge storage (not shown) integrated in the semiconductor substrate. The circuit unit may be electrically connected to the first electrode  110  or the second electrode  120 . 
     One of the first electrode  110  or the second electrode  120  may be an anode and the other (e.g., another one) may be a cathode. For example, the first electrode  110  may be an anode and the second electrode  120  may be a cathode. For example, the first electrode  110  may be a cathode and the second electrode  120  may be an anode. 
     At least one of the first electrode  110  or the second electrode  120  may be a light-transmitting electrode. The light-transmitting electrode may be a transparent electrode or a semi-transmissive electrode. The transparent electrode may have a light transmittance of greater than or equal to about 85%, greater than or equal to about 90%, or greater than or equal to about 95% and the semi-transmissive electrode may have a light transmittance of greater than or equal to about 30% and less than about 85%, about 40% to about 80%, or about 40% to about 75%. The transparent electrode and the semi-transmissive electrode may include, for example, at least one of an oxide conductor, a carbon conductor, or a metal thin film. The oxide conductors may include, for example, one or more of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc tin oxide (ZTO), aluminum tin oxide (ATO), and aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), the carbon conductor may include one or more of graphene and carbon nanostructures, and the metal thin film may be a very thin film including aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), gold (Au), magnesium-silver (Mg—magnesium-aluminum (Mg—an alloy thereof, or any combination thereof. 
     Any one of the first electrode  110  or the second electrode  120  may be a reflective electrode. The reflective electrode may include a reflective layer having a light transmittance of less than or equal to about 5% and/or a reflectance of greater than or equal to about 80%, and the reflective layer may include an optically opaque material. The optically opaque material may include a metal, a metal nitride, or any combination thereof, for example silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), an alloy thereof, a nitride thereof (e.g., TiN), or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. The reflective electrode may be formed of a reflective layer or may have a stacked structure of a reflective layer/transmissive layer or a transmissive layer/reflective layer/transmissive layer, and the reflective layer may be one layer or two or more layers. 
     For example, each of the first electrode  110  and the second electrode  120  may be a light-transmitting electrode, and any one of the first electrode  110  or the second electrode  120  may be a light-receiving electrode on the light receiving side. 
     For example, the first electrode  110  may be a light-transmitting electrode, the second electrode  120  may be a reflective electrode, and the first electrode  110  may be a light-receiving electrode. 
     For example, the first electrode  110  may be a reflective electrode, the second electrode  120  may be a light-transmitting electrode, and the second electrode  120  may be a light-receiving electrode. 
     The photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be between the first electrode  110  and the second electrode  120  and may be configured to absorb light of at least some wavelength region and convert the absorbed light into an electrical signal. For example, at least a portion of light in the blue wavelength region (hereinafter referred to as “blue light”), light in the green wavelength region (hereinafter referred to as “green light”), light in the red wavelength region (hereinafter referred to as “red light”), and/or light in the infrared wavelength region (hereinafter referred to as “infrared light”) may be converted into an electrical signal. 
     For example, the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be configured to selectively absorb any one of blue light, green light, red light, or infrared light and convert the absorbed light into an electrical signal. Herein, the selective absorption of one of blue light, green light, red light, and infrared light means that a peak absorption wavelength (A peak f an absorption spectrum is present in one of wavelength regions of greater than or equal to about 380 nm and less than about 500 nm, about 500 nm to about 600 nm, greater than about 600 nm and less than about 700 nm, and greater than about 700 nm to less than about 3000 nm, and that the absorption spectrum in the corresponding wavelength region is significantly higher than that of other wavelength regions. Herein, the “significantly higher” may mean that about 70% to about 100%, about 75% to about 100%, about 80% to about 100%, about 85% to about 100%, about 90% to about 100%, or about 95% to about 100% of the total area of the absorption spectrum may belong to the corresponding wavelength region. 
     The photoelectric conversion layer  130  may include at least one p-type semiconductor and at least one n-type semiconductor for photoelectric conversion of the absorbed light. The p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor may form (e.g., establish, define, etc.) a pn junction, generate excitons by receiving light from the outside (e.g., based on receiving incident light that is incident to the photoelectric conversion layer  130 ), and then separate the generated excitons into holes and electrons. 
     At least one of the p-type semiconductor or the n-type semiconductor may be a light absorbing material, and for example, each of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor may be a light absorbing material. For example, at least one of the p-type semiconductor or the n-type semiconductor may be an organic material. For example, at least one of the p-type semiconductor or the n-type semiconductor may be a wavelength-selective light absorbing material configured to selectively absorb light in a particular (or, alternatively, predetermined) wavelength region. For example, at least one of the p-type semiconductor or the n-type semiconductor may be a wavelength-selective organic light absorbing material. For example, the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor may have the maximum absorption wavelength (λ max ) in the same or different wavelength region. 
     For example, at least one of the p-type semiconductor or the n-type semiconductor may be a light absorbing material having a maximum absorption wavelength (λ max ) in a wavelength region of greater than or equal to about 380 nm and less than about 500 nm and may be, for example, an organic light absorbing material having a maximum absorption wavelength (λ max ) in a wavelength region of about 410 nm to about 480 nm. 
     For example, at least one of the p-type semiconductor or the n-type semiconductor may be a light absorbing material having a maximum absorption wavelength (λ max ) in a wavelength region of about 500 nm to about 600 nm and may be, for example, an organic light absorbing material having a maximum absorption wavelength (λ max ) in a wavelength region of about 520 nm to about 580 nm. 
     For example, at least one of the p-type semiconductor or the n-type semiconductor may be a light absorbing material having a maximum absorption wavelength (λ max ) in a wavelength region of greater than about 600 nm and less than about 700 nm and may be, for example, an organic light absorbing material having a maximum absorption wavelength (λ max ) in a wavelength region of about 620 nm to about 680 nm. 
     For example, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the p-type semiconductor may be about 5.0 eV to about 6.0 eV, and within the above range, about 5.1 eV to about 5.9 eV, about 5.2 eV to about 5.8 eV, or about 5.3 eV to about 5.8 eV. For example, the LUMO energy level of the p-type semiconductor may be about 2.7 eV to about 4.3 eV, and within the above range, about 2.8 eV to about 4.1 eV or about 3.0 eV to about 4.0 eV. For example, the bandgap energy of the p-type semiconductor may be about 1.7 eV to about 2.3 eV, and within the above range, about 1.8 eV to about 2.2 eV or about 1.9 eV to about 2.1 eV. 
     For example, a p-type semiconductor included in the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be an organic material having a core structure including an electron donating moiety (EDM), a π-conjugated linking moiety (LM), and an electron accepting moiety (EAM) and may be represented by Chemical Formula A. 
       EDM−LM−EAM   [Chemical Formula A]
 
     In Chemical Formula A, 
     EDM may be an electron donating moiety, 
     EAM may be an electron accepting moiety, and 
     LM may be a pi conjugated linking moiety to link the electron donating moiety and the electron accepting moiety. 
     For example, the p-type semiconductor may be represented by Chemical Formula 2. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formula 2, 
     X 2  is O, S, Se, or Te, 
     Are is a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, or a fused ring of two or more selected therefrom, 
     Ar 1a  and Ar 2a  are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl(ene) group or a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroaryl(ene) group, 
     R 1a  to R 3a  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroaryl group, a halogen, a cyano group, or any combination thereof, and 
     Ar 1a , Ar 2a , R 1a , and R 2a  are each independently present or adjacent two thereof are linked to each other to form a ring. 
     For example, Ar 1a  and Ar 2a  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted anthracenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl (pyridinyl) group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridazinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinolinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cinnolinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazolinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phthalazinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzotriazinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridopyrazinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridopyrimidinyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridopyridazinyl group. 
     For example, Ar 1a  and Ar 2a  may be fused to each other to form a ring. 
     For example, Ar 2a  and R 1a  may be fused to each other to form a ring. 
     Specifically, the p-type semiconductor may be represented by Chemical Formula 2A or Chemical Formula 2B. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Chemical Formulas 2A and 2B, 
     X 2  is O, S, Se, or Te, 
     Ar 2  is a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, or a fused ring of two or more selected therefrom, 
     Ar 1a  and Ar 2a  are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 arylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroarylene group, 
     L and Z are each independently a single bond, O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO 2 , CR k R l , SiR m R n , GeR o R p , NR q , a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 arylene group, or any combination thereof, and 
     R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , and R k  to R q  are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 heterocyclic group, a halogen, a cyano group or any combination thereof. 
     For example, the p-type semiconductor may be selected from compounds listed in Groups 3A, 3B, or 3C, but is not limited thereto. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Group 3A, hydrogens in each aromatic ring may each be present or independently replaced by a substituent selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C4 to C30 heteroaryl group, a halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group (—CN), a cyano-containing group, and any combination thereof, and Ra, Rb, Rf, R 16 , 
     R 17 , R 18 , and R 20  may each independently be hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyl group. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Group 3B, hydrogens present in each aromatic ring may each be present or independently replaced by a substituent selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C4 to C30 heteroaryl group, a halogen (F, CI, Br, or I), a cyano group (—CN), a cyano-containing group, and any combination thereof, and R 1a , R 1b , R 11 , and R 12  may each independently be hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted Cl to C6 alkyl group. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Group 3C, hydrogens present in each aromatic ring may each be present or independently replaced by a substituent selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C4 to C30 heteroaryl group, a halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group (—CN), a cyano-containing group, and any combination thereof, and R a , R b , R c , R d , R 16 , and R 17  may each independently be hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyl group. 
     As an example, the n-type semiconductor may include the aforementioned organic compound, and a detailed description thereof is the same as described above. 
     For example, a LUMO energy level of the n-type semiconductor may be about 2.5 eV to about 4.0 eV, and within the above range, about 2.6 eV to about 4.0 eV, about 2.7 eV to about 4.0 eV, or about 2.8 eV to about 3.9 eV. For example, a HOMO energy level of the n-type semiconductor may be about 5.4 eV to about 7.0 eV, and within the above range, about 5.6 eV to about 6.8 eV, or about 5.8 eV to about 6.7 eV. For example, the bandgap energy of the n-type semiconductor may be about 2.0 eV to about 3.5 eV, and within the above range, about 2.2 eV to about 3.3 eV. 
     The p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor may have similar thermal properties, and for example, a difference between the sublimation temperature of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor may be less than or equal to about 150° C., within the above range, for example less than or equal to about 130° C., less than or equal to about 120° C., less than or equal to about 110° C., less than or equal to about 100° C., less than or equal to about 90° C., less than or equal to about 80° C., less than or equal to about 70° C., less than or equal to about 60° C., less than or equal to about 50° C., less than or equal to about 40° C., less than or equal to about 30° C., less than or equal to about 20° C., less than or equal to about 15° C., or less than or equal to about 10° C., and within the above range, about 0° C. to about 150° C., about 0° C. to about 130° C., about 0° C. to about 120° C., about 0° C. to about 110° C., about 0° C. to about 100° C., about 0° C. to about 90° C., about 0° C. to about 80° C., about 0° C. to about 70° C., about 0° C. to about 60° C., about 0° C. to about 50° C., about 0° C. to about 40° C., about 0° C. to about 30° C., about 0° C. to about 20° C., about 0° C. to about 15° C., about 0° C. to about 10° C., about 2° C. to about 150° C., about 2° C. to about 130° C., about 2° C. to about 120° C., about 2° C. to about 110° C., about 2° C. to about 100° C., about 2° C. to about 90° C., about 2° C. to about 80° C., 2° C. to about 70° C., about 2° C. to about 60° C., about 2° C. to about 50° C., about 2° C. to about 40° C., about 2° C. to about 30° C., about 2° C. to about 20° C., about 2° C. to about 15° C., or about 2° C. to about 10° C. 
     For example, the sublimation temperature of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor may be each less than or equal to about 380° C., within the above range, less than or equal to about 370° C., less than or equal to about 360° C., less than or equal to about 350° C., less than or equal to about 340° C., less than or equal to about 330° C., less than or equal to about 320° C., less than or equal to about 310° C., less than or equal to about 300° C., less than or equal to about 290° C., less than or equal to about 280° C., less than or equal to about 270° C., less than or equal to about 250° C., about 100° C. to about 380° C., about 100° C. to about 370° C., about 100° C. to about 360° C., about 100° C. to about 350° C., about 100° C. to about 340° C., about 100° C. to about 330° C., about 100° C. to about 320° C., about 100° C. to about 310° C., about 100° C. to about 300° C., about 100° C. to about 290° C., about 100° C. to about 280° C., about 100° C. to about 270° C., about 100° C. to about 250° C., about 150° C. to about 380° C., about 150° C. to about 370° C., about 150° C. to about 360° C., about 150° C. to about 350° C., about 150° C. to about 340° C., about 150° C. to about 330° C., about 150° C. to about 320° C., about 150° C. to about 310° C., about 150° C. to about 300° C., about 150° C. to about 290° C., about 150° C. to about 280° C., about 150° C. to about 270° C., or about 150° C. to about 250° C. 
     The photoelectric conversion layer 130 may be an intrinsic layer (layer I) in which a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor are blended in (e.g., blended to form) a bulk heterojunction form. Herein, the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor may be blended in a volume ratio (thickness ratio) of about 1:9 to about 9:1, and within the above range, about 2:8 to about 8:2, within the above range, about 3:7 to about 7:3, within the above range, about 4:6 to about 6:4, or within the above range, about 5:5. 
     The photoelectric conversion layer 130 may further include a p-type layer and/or an n-type layer in addition to the intrinsic layer. The p-type layer may include the aforementioned p-type semiconductor, and the n-type layer may include the aforementioned n-type semiconductor. For example, they may be included in various combinations such as p-type layer/l-layer, l-layer/n-type layer, p-type layer/l-layer/n-type layer, and the like. 
     The photoelectric conversion layer 130 may include a bi-layer including a p-type layer including the aforementioned p-type semiconductor and an n-type layer including the aforementioned n-type semiconductor. Herein, the thickness ratio of the p-type layer and the n-type layer may be about 1:9 to about 9:1, and within the above range, for example, about 2:8 to about 8:2, about 3:7 to about 7:3, about 4:6 to about 6:4, or about 5:5. The n-type layer may be a film that includes the aforementioned organic compound according to any of the example embodiments. 
     The photoelectric conversion layer 130 may have a thickness of about 10 nm to about 500 nm, and within the above range, about 20 nm to about 300 nm. Within the above thickness range, photoelectric conversion efficiency may be effectively improved by effectively absorbing light and effectively separating and transferring holes and electrons. 
     The auxiliary layers  140  and  150  may include a first auxiliary layer  140  between the first electrode  110  and the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and a second auxiliary layer  150  between the second electrode  120  and the photoelectric conversion layer  130 . The first and second auxiliary layers  140  and  150  may each independently be a charge auxiliary layer for controlling the mobility of holes and/or electrons separated from the photoelectric conversion layer  130  or a light absorption auxiliary layer for improving light absorption characteristics. 
     The first and second auxiliary layers  140  and  150  may each include an independent organic material, an inorganic material, and/or an organic-inorganic material. The first and second auxiliary layers  140  and  150  may include at least one of a hole injecting layer (HIL), a hole transporting layer (HTL), an electron blocking layer (EBL), and an electron injection layer, an electron injecting layer (EIL), an electron transporting layer (ETL), a hole blocking layer (HBL), and a light absorption auxiliary layer, but are not limited thereto. 
     The hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, and/or the electron blocking layer may include, for example, a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine; DNTPD (N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-[4-(phenyl-m-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine), m-MTDATA (4,4′,4″-[tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino] triphenylamine), TDATA (4,4′4″-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine), 2-TNATA (4,4′,4″-tris{N,-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino}-triphenylamine), PEDOT/PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate)), PANI/DBSA (polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), PANI/CSA (polyaniline/Camphor sulfonic acid), PANI/PSS (polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate)), NPB (N,N′-di(naphthalene yl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine), polyetherketone including triphenylamine (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyliodonium[tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate], HAT-CN (dipyrazino[2,3-f: 2′,3′-h] quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile), a carbazole-based derivative such as N-phenylcarbazole, polyvinylcarbazole, and the like, a fluorene-based derivative, TPD (N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine), a triphenylamine-based derivative such as TCTA (4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine), NPB (N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine), TAPC (4,4′-cyclohexylidene bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine]), HMTPD (4,4′-bis[N,N′-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl), mCP (1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene), or any combination thereof, but are not limited thereto. 
     The electron injection layer, the electron transport layer, and/or the hole blocking layer may be, for example, a halogenated metal such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, and RbI; a lanthanide metal such as Yb; a metal such as calcium (Ca), potassium (K), aluminum (Al), or an alloy thereof; a metal oxide such as Li 2 O or BaO; Liq (lithium quinolate), Alq3 (tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum), 1,3,5-tri[(3-pyridyl)-phen-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3′-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzoimidazolyl-1-ylphenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, TPBi (1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl), BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Bphen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), TAZ (3-(4-biphenylyI)-4-phenyl-5-tertbutylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole), NTAZ (4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole), tBu-PBD (2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), BAIq (bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1 1 -biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum), Bebq 2  (beryllium bis(benzoquinolin-10-olate), ADN (9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene), BmPyPhB (1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene), or any combination thereof, but are not limited thereto. 
     Any one or both of the first or second auxiliary layers  140  and  150  may be omitted. At least one of the first or second auxiliary layers  140  and  150  may be two or more layers. 
     The sensor  100  may further include an anti-reflection layer (not shown) under the first electrode  110  or on the second electrode  120 . For example, when the first electrode  110  is a light-receiving electrode, the anti-reflection layer may be under the first electrode  110 . For example, when the second electrode  120  is a light-receiving electrode, the anti-reflection layer may be under the second electrode  120 . The anti-reflection layer is disposed at a light incidence side and may lower reflectance of light of incident light and thereby light absorbance is further improved. The anti-reflection layer may include, for example a material having a refractive index of about 1.6 to about 2.5, and may include for example at least one of metal oxide, metal sulfide, and an organic material having a refractive index within the above ranges. The anti-reflection layer may include, for example a metal oxide such as aluminum-containing oxide, molybdenum-containing oxide, tungsten-containing oxide, vanadium-containing oxide, rhenium-containing oxide, niobium-containing oxide, tantalum-containing oxide, titanium-containing oxide, nickel-containing oxide, copper-containing oxide, cobalt-containing oxide, manganese-containing oxide, chromium-containing oxide, tellurium-containing oxide, or any combination thereof; a metal sulfide such as zinc sulfide; or an organic material such as an amine derivative, but is not limited thereto. 
     The sensor  100  may further include a focusing lens (not shown). The focusing lens may collect the light to a single point by controlling the direction of the incident light at a light incident position. The focusing lens may have a shape of, for example, a cylinder or a hemisphere, but is not limited thereto. 
     In the sensor  100 , when light enters from the first electrode  110  or the second electrode  120  and the photoelectric conversion layer  130  absorbs light in a particular (or, alternatively, predetermined) wavelength region, excitons may be produced thereinside. The excitons are separated into holes and electrons in the photoelectric conversion layer  130 , and the separated holes are transported to an anode that is one of the first electrode  110  and the second electrode  120  and the separated electrons are transported to the cathode that is the other of the first electrode  110  and the second electrode  120  so as to flow a current. 
     In some example embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may include different organic compounds that are different example embodiments of organic compounds represented by Chemical Formula 1, where one of the different example embodiments of such organic compounds serves as a p-type semiconductor in the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and a different one of the different example embodiments of such organic compounds serves as an n-type semiconductor in the photoelectric conversion layer  130 . For example, the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may include both a first organic compound that is a first example embodiment of a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a second organic compound that is different from the first organic compound and is a second example embodiment of an organic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 that is different from the first example embodiment of the organic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, such that the first example embodiment of the organic compound may be present as one of a p-type semiconductor or an n-type semiconductor in the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and the second example embodiment of the organic compound may be present as another, different one of an n-type semiconductor or a p-type semiconductor in the photoelectric conversion layer  130 , where the first and second embodiments of the organic compound may form a pn junction. 
     The sensor  100  may be included in, for example, an image sensor or a biometric sensor. 
     The image sensor may be for example a CMOS image sensor. 
     The biometric sensor may include, for example, a fingerprint sensor, an iris recognition sensor, a distance sensor, a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor device, an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor device, an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor device, a blood pressure (BP) sensor device, an electromyography (EMG) sensor device, a blood glucose (BG) sensor device, an accelerometer device, a RFID antenna device, an inertial sensor device, an activity sensor device, a strain sensor device, a motion sensor device, or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. 
     For example, the aforementioned sensor  100  may be included in an image sensor, and has improved optical and electrical properties and may be configured to reduce, minimize, or prevent an image afterimage due to remaining charges, thereby being configured to generate images with improved performance (e.g., improved accuracy, reduced afterimage generation, improved ability to perform high-speed image generation) including being applied to an image sensor suitable for high-speed photographing. Accordingly, an image sensor (e.g., sensor  100 ) including the aforementioned organic compound (e.g., in the photoelectric conversion layer  130 ) may be configured to have improved high-speed photographing performance based on including the aforementioned compound which configures the image sensor to have reduced, minimized, or prevented generation of image afterimage due to remaining charges in a photoelectric conversion layer that includes the aforementioned organic compound. 
     The n-type semiconductor of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may include the aforementioned organic compound, and the n-type semiconductor and the second auxiliary layer  150  may have an energy level capable of forming effective electrical matching. For example, a difference between the LUMO energy level of the second auxiliary layer  150  and the LUMO energy level of the n-type semiconductor (the organic compound described above) may be less than or equal to about 1.2 eV, and within the above range, less than or equal to about 1.1 eV, less than or equal to about 1.0 eV, less than or equal to about 0.8 eV, less than or equal to about 0.7 eV, less than or equal to about 0.5 eV, about 0 eV to about 1.2 eV, about 0 eV to about 1.1 eV, about 0 eV to about 1.0 eV, about 0 eV to about 0.8 eV, about 0 eV to about 0.7 eV, about 0 eV to about 0.5 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 1.2 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 1.1 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 1.0 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 0.8 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 0.7 eV, or about 0.01 eV to about 0.5 eV. Accordingly, charges (e.g., electrons) generated in the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may pass through the second auxiliary layer  150  and may be effectively moved and/or extracted to the common electrode  120 , thereby improving image-sensing performance of the sensor  100  based on the aforementioned electrical matching. 
     Hereinafter, an image sensor according to some example embodiments is described. 
       FIG.  2    is a plan view showing an example of an image sensor according to some example embodiments and  FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the image sensor of  FIG.  2   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , the image sensor  300  according to some example embodiments may be a stacked sensor in which a substrate  200  and the aforementioned sensor  100  are stacked, and the substrate  200  includes a first photodiode  220  and a second photodiode  230  which are overlapped with the sensor  100 .  FIG.  2    illustrates an example of a repeating unit pixel group in the image sensor  300 , and the unit pixel group is repeatedly arranged along rows and/or columns. In  FIG.  2   , the unit pixel group is shown for example as a 2×2 array in which two red pixels (R) and two blue pixels (B) are arranged on a substrate  200  but example embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     A first photodiode  220  and a second photodiode  230  are each integrated on the substrate  200  and thus may be configured to absorb and convert light having each different wavelength spectrum which is filtered by a color filter layer  70 , which will be described later. A wavelength spectrum photoelectrically converted in the sensor  100  may be different respectively from the wavelength spectra photoelectrically converted in the first photodiode  220  and the second photodiode  230 , for example, the wavelength spectrum photoelectrically converted in the first photodiode  220  and the wavelength spectrum photoelectrically converted in the second photodiode  230  may be respectively different from the wavelength spectrum photoelectrically converted in the sensor  100  and selected from light of a red wavelength spectrum, a green wavelength spectrum, and a blue wavelength spectrum. For example, the first photodiode  220  may photoelectrically convert light of the red wavelength spectrum (R), the second photodiode  230  may photoelectrically convert light of the blue wavelength spectrum (B), and the sensor  100  may photoelectrically convert light of the green wavelength spectrum (G). 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , an image sensor  300  according to some example embodiments includes a substrate  200 , a lower insulation layer  60 , a color filter layer  70 , an upper insulation layer  80 , a sensor  100 , and an encapsulation layer  380 . 
     The substrate  200  may be a semiconductor substrate, and the first and second photodiodes  220  and  230 , a transmission transistor (not shown) and the charge storage  255  are integrated therein. The first or second photodiode  220  and  230 , transmission transistor and/or charge storage  255  may be integrated for each pixel. As shown in the drawing, the first photodiode  220  may be included in the red pixel R and the second photodiode  230  may be included in the blue pixel B. The second photodiode  230  may be configured to sense (e.g., selectively sense, including selectively absorbing and photoelectrically converting) blue light which is light in a blue wavelength region, and the first photodiode  220  may be configured to sense (e.g., selectively sense, including selectively absorbing and photoelectrically converting) red light which is light in a red wavelength region. The charge storage  255  is electrically connected to the sensor  100 . 
     A metal wire (not shown) and a pad (not shown) are formed on the lower portion or upper portion of the substrate  200 . In order to decrease signal delay, the metal wire and pad may be made of a metal having low resistivity, for example, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and alloys thereof, but is not limited thereto. 
     The lower insulation layer  60  is formed on the substrate  200 . The lower insulation layer  60  may be made of an inorganic insulating material such as a silicon oxide and/or a silicon nitride, or a low dielectric constant (low K) material such as SiC, SiCOH, SiCO, and SiOF. The lower insulation layer  60  has a trench  85  exposing the charge storage  255 . The trench  85  may be filled with fillers. 
     The color filter layer  70  is formed on the lower insulation layer  60 . The color filter layer  70  includes a red filter  70   a  formed in the red pixel R and a blue filter  70   b  formed in the blue pixel B. However, the present inventive concepts are not limited thereto, and a cyan filter, a magenta filter, and/or a yellow filter may be included instead of the red filter  70   a  and/or the blue filter  70   b , or may be additionally included in addition to the red filter  70   a  and the blue filter  70   b . Although an example in which the green filter is not provided is described with regard to the example embodiments shown in  FIGS.  2  and  3   , a green filter may be provided in some example embodiments. 
     The upper insulation layer  80  is formed on the color filter layer  70 . The upper insulation layer  80  removes the step difference caused by the color filter layer  70  and is planarized. The upper insulation layer  80  and the lower insulation layer  60  have a contact (not shown) exposing the pad and a trench  85  exposing the charge storage  255 . 
     The aforementioned sensor  100  is formed on the upper insulation layer  80 . A detailed description of the sensor  100  is the same as described above. One of the first electrode  110  and the second electrode  120  of the sensor  100  may be electrically connected to the charge storage  255  and the other of the first electrode  110  and the second electrode  120  of the sensor  100  may be a light-receiving electrode. For example, the first electrode  110  of the sensor  100  may be electrically connected to the charge storage  255 , and the second electrode  120  of the sensor  100  may be a light-receiving electrode. As described above, the photoelectric devices selectively absorbing light in a green wavelength region are stacked and thereby a size of an image sensor may be decreased and a down-sized image sensor may be realized. 
     As described above, the organic compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1 may be used as a semiconductor, aggregation between compounds in a thin film state may be inhibited, and thereby light absorption characteristics depending on a wavelength may be maintained. Thereby, wavelength selectivity (e.g., green wavelength selectivity) may be maintained, crosstalk caused by unnecessary absorption of other light except a particular (e.g., green) wavelength region may be decreased and sensitivity may be increased. 
     The encapsulation layer  380  may protect the image sensor  300 , and may include a thin film of one or two or more layers including an organic material, an inorganic material, an organic-inorganic material, or any combination thereof. The encapsulation layer  380  may include, for example, a glass plate, a metal thin film, an organic layer, an inorganic layer, an organic-inorganic layer, or any combination thereof. The organic layer may include, for example, an acrylic resin, a (meth)acrylic resin, polyisoprene, a vinyl resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a cellulose resin, a perylene resin, or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. The inorganic layer may include, for example, oxide, nitride, and/or oxynitride, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxynitride, zirconium oxide, zirconium nitride, zirconium oxynitride, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium oxynitride, hafnium oxide, hafnium nitride, hafnium oxynitride, tantalum oxide, tantalum nitride, tantalum oxynitride, lithium fluoride, or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. The organic-inorganic layer may include, for example, polyorganosiloxane but is not limited thereto. The encapsulation layer  380  may have one layer or two or more layers. The encapsulation layer  380  may be omitted. 
     A focusing lens (not shown) may be further formed on the sensor  100  (or the encapsulation layer  380 ). The focusing lens may control the direction of the incident light to collect the light to a single point. The focusing lens may have a shape of, for example, a cylinder or a hemisphere, but is not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the image sensor of  FIG.  2   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , the image sensor  300  according to some example embodiments includes a substrate  200  integrated with the first and second photodiodes  220  and  230 , a transmission transistor (not shown), and a charge storage  255 ; an upper insulation layer  80 ; a sensor  100 ; and an encapsulation layer  380 , like some example embodiments, including the example embodiments shown in  FIG.  3   . 
     However, in the image sensor  300  according to some example embodiments, including the example embodiments shown in  FIG.  4   , the first and second photodiodes  220  and  230  are stacked in a vertical direction with respect to the in-plane direction (e.g., a thickness direction of substrate  200 , for example perpendicular to a direction in which the upper surface of the substrate  200  extends as shown in  FIG.  4   ) of the substrate  200 , and the color filter layer  70  is omitted, unlike some example embodiments, including the example embodiments shown in  FIG.  3   . The first and second photodiodes  220  and  230  are electrically connected to a charge storage (not shown) and may be transferred by a transmission transistor. The first and second photodiodes  220  and  230  may be configured to selectively absorb light in each wavelength region according to the stacking depth. 
     The sensor  100  is the same as described above. One of the first electrode  110  or the second electrode  120  of the sensor  100  may be a light-receiving electrode, and the other of the first electrode  110  or the second electrode  120  of the sensor  100  may be electrically connected to the charge storage  255 . 
       FIG.  5    is a plan view showing another example of an image sensor according to some example embodiments, and  FIG.  6    is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the image sensor of  FIG.  5   . 
     The image sensor  300  according to some example embodiments, including the example embodiments shown in  FIGS.  5  and  6   , may have a structure in which a green sensor configured to selectively absorb light in a green wavelength region, a blue sensor configured to selectively absorb light in a blue wavelength region, and a red sensor configured to selectively absorb light in a red wavelength region are stacked. 
     The image sensor  300  according to some example embodiments, including the example embodiments shown in  FIGS.  5  and  6    includes a substrate  200 , a lower insulation layer  60 , an intermediate insulation layer  65 , an upper insulation layer  80 , a first sensor  100   a , a second sensor  100   b , and a third sensor  100   c.    
     The substrate  200  may be a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate, and a transmission transistor (not shown) and charge storages  255   a ,  255   b , and  255   c  are integrated. 
     A metal wire (not shown) and a pad (not shown) are formed on the substrate  200 , and a lower insulation layer  60  is formed on the metal wire and the pad. 
     The first sensor  100   a , the second sensor  100   b , and the third sensor  100   c  are sequentially formed on the lower insulation layer  60 . 
     The first, second, and third sensors  100   a ,  100   b , and  100   c  may each be the aforementioned sensor  100 . One of the first electrode  110  or the second electrode  120  of the first, second, and third sensors  100   a ,  100   b , and  100   c  may be a light-receiving electrode, and the other of the first electrode  110  or the second electrode  120  of the first, second, and third sensors  100   a ,  100   b , and  100   c  may be connected to the charge storages  255   a ,  255   b , and  255   c.    
     The first sensor  100   a  may be configured to selectively absorb light in any one wavelength region of red, blue, or green to photoelectrically convert the absorbed light. For example, the first sensor  100   a  may be a red sensor. The intermediate insulation layer  65  is formed on the first sensor  100   .    
     The second sensor  100   b  is formed on the intermediate insulation layer  65 . The second sensor  100   b  may be configured to selectively absorb light of any one wavelength region among red, blue, or green to photoelectrically convert the absorbed light. For example, the second sensor  100   b  may be a blue sensor. 
     The upper insulation layer  80  is formed on the second sensor  100   b . The lower insulation layer  60 , the intermediate insulation layer  65 , and the upper insulation layer  80  have a plurality of trenches  85   a ,  85   b , and  85   c  exposing charge storages  255   a ,  255   b , and  255   c.    
     The third sensor  100   c  is formed on the upper insulation layer  80 . The third sensor  100   c  may be configured to selectively absorb light of any one wavelength region among red, blue, or green to photoelectrically convert the absorbed light. For example, the third sensor  100   c  may be a green sensor. 
     A focusing lens (not shown) may be further formed on the third sensor  100   c . The focusing lens may control the direction of the incident light to collect the light to a single point. The focusing lens may have a shape of, for example, a cylinder or a hemisphere, but is not limited thereto. 
     Although the drawing shows a structure in which the first sensor  100   a , the second sensor  100   b , and the third sensor  100   c  are sequentially stacked, the stacking order is not limited thereto and the stacking order may be variously changed. 
     As described above, the first sensor  100   a , the second sensor  100   b , and the third sensor  100   c , which absorb light in different wavelength regions, are stacked, thereby further reducing a size of the image sensor to provide a miniaturized image sensor. 
       FIG.  7    is a plan view showing another example of an image sensor according to some example embodiments, and  FIG.  8    is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the image sensor of  FIG.  7   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7  and  8   , the image sensor  300  includes the sensor  100  on the substrate  200 , and the sensor  100  includes the first, second, and third sensors  100   a ,  100   b , and  100   c . The first, second, and third sensors  100   a ,  100   b , and  100   c  may be configured to convert light of different wavelength regions (e.g., blue light, green light, or red light) into electrical signals. 
     Referring to  FIG.  8   , the first, second, and third sensors  100   a ,  100   b , and  100   c  are arranged in a parallel direction (e.g., in-plane direction of the substrate  200 ) to the surface of the substrate  200  unlike some example embodiments, including the example embodiments shown in  FIGS.  5  and  6   . Each first, second, and third sensor  100   a ,  100   b , and  100   c  is electrically connected to the charge storage  255  integrated in the substrate  200  through the trench  85 . 
     For example, the aforementioned sensor  100  may be included in a display panel, and may be, for example, applied to a sensor-embedded display panel in which the sensor  100  is embedded in the display panel. 
     Hereinafter, a sensor-embedded display panel including the aforementioned sensor is described. 
     The sensor-embedded display panel according to some example embodiments may be a display panel capable of performing a display function and a recognition function (e.g., biometric recognition function), and may be an in-cell type display panel in which a sensor performing a recognition function (e.g., biometric recognition function) is embedded in the display panel. 
       FIG.  9    is a plan view illustrating an example of a sensor-embedded display panel according to some example embodiments and  FIG.  10    is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a sensor-embedded display panel according to some example embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  9  and  10   , a sensor-embedded display panel  1000  according to some example embodiments includes a plurality of subpixels PXs displaying different colors. The plurality of subpixels PXs may be configured to display at least three primary colors, for example, a first subpixel PX 1 , a second subpixel PX 2 , and a third subpixel PX 3  configured to display different first color, second color, and third color selected from red, green, and blue. For example, the first color, the second color, and the third color may be red, green, and blue, respectively. The first subpixel PX 1  may be a red subpixel configured to display red, the second subpixel PX 2  may be a green subpixel configured to display green, and the third subpixel PX 3  may be a blue subpixel configured to display blue. However, the present inventive concepts are not limited thereto, and an auxiliary subpixel (not shown) such as a white subpixel may be further included. Displaying a color may refer to emitting light corresponding to the color (e.g., light in a wavelength spectrum of the color). Referring to  FIG.  9   , the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  may include a plurality of first subpixels PX 1  configured to display a red color (e.g., light of a red wavelength spectrum) and including a first light emitting element (e.g., the first light emitting element  410  shown in  FIG.  10   ), a plurality of second subpixels PX 2  configured to display a green color (e.g., light of a green wavelength spectrum) and including a second light emitting element (e.g., the second light emitting element  420  shown in  FIG.  10   ), and a plurality of third subpixels PX 3  configured to display a blue color (e.g., light of a blue wavelength spectrum) and including a third light emitting element (e.g., the third light emitting element  430  shown in  FIG.  10   ), where the first subpixels PX 1 , the second subpixels PX 2 , and the third subpixels PX 3  are located in and/or at least partially define the display area (DA). 
     The plurality of subpixels PXs including the first subpixel PX 1 , the second subpixel PX 2 , and the third subpixel PX 3  may constitute (e.g., define) one unit pixel UP to be arranged repeatedly along the row and/or column. In  FIG.  9   , a structure including one first subpixel PX 1 , two second subpixels PX 2 , and one third subpixel PX 3  in the unit pixel UP is illustrated, but the present inventive concepts are not limited thereto. At least one first subpixel PX 1 , at least one second subpixel PX 2 , and at least one third subpixel PX 3  may be included in the unit pixel UP. In the drawing, as an example, an arrangement of a Pentile type is illustrated, but the present inventive concepts are not limited thereto. The subpixels PXs may be arranged variously. An area occupied by the plurality of subpixels PXs and displaying colors by the plurality of subpixels PXs may be a display area DA displaying an image. For example, the area (e.g., in the xy plane) of the subpixels (PX) may collectively define the display area (DA) that is configured to display an image thereon (e.g., configured to display one or more colors). A portion of the area (e.g., in the xy plane) of the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  that excludes the display area (DA) (e.g., portions of the area of the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  that are between adjacent subpixels (PX) in the xy direction, xy plane, etc.) may be a non-display area (NDA) that is configured to not display an image thereon (e.g., configured to not display any color). 
     Each of the first subpixel PX 1 , the second subpixel PX 2 , and the third subpixel PX 3  may include a light emitting element. As an example, the first subpixel PX 1  may include a first light emitting element  410  configured to emit light of a wavelength spectrum of a first color, the second subpixel PX 2  may include a second light emitting element  420  configured to emit light of a wavelength spectrum of a second color, and the third subpixel PX 3  may include a third light emitting element  430  configured to emit light of a wavelength spectrum of a third color. However, the present inventive concepts are not limited thereto, and at least one of the first subpixel PX 1 , the second subpixel PX 2 , or the third subpixel PX 3  may include a light emitting element configured to emit light of a combination of a first color, a second color, and a third color, that is, light in a white wavelength spectrum, and may display a first color, a second color, or a third color through a color filter (not shown). Herein, the terms “wavelength spectrum” and “wavelength region” may be used interchangeably. 
     The sensor-embedded display panel  1000  according to some example embodiments includes the aforementioned sensor  100 . The sensor  100  may be in a non-display area NDA. The non-display area NDA may be an area other than the display area DA, in which the first subpixel PX 1 , the second subpixel PX 2 , the third subpixel PX 3 , and auxiliary subpixels are not occupied (e.g., a portion of the total area of the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  that excludes the display area (DA), excludes the subpixels (PX), is between adjacent subpixels (PX), etc.). For example, the area (e.g., in the xy plane) of the subpixels (PX) may collectively define the display area (DA) that is configured to display an image thereon (e.g., configured to display one or more colors). A portion of the area (e.g., in the xy plane) of the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  that excludes the display area (DA) (e.g., portions of the area of the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  that are between adjacent subpixels (PX) in the xy direction, xy plane, etc.) may be a non-display area (NDA) that is configured to not display an image thereon (e.g., configured to not display any color). The sensor  100  may be disposed between at least two subpixels selected from the first subpixel PX 1 , the second subpixel PX 2 , and the third subpixel PX 3  (e.g., between at least two subpixels of a first subpixel PX 1  of a plurality of first subpixels PX 1 , a second subpixel PX 2  of the plurality of second subpixels PX 2 , or a third subpixel PX 3  of the plurality of third subpixels PX 3 ), and may be disposed in parallel with the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  in the display area DA for example in parallel along the in-plane direction of the substrate  200  (e.g., the xy direction as shown), which may be a direction extending parallel to an upper surface of the substrate  200 . 
     The sensor  100  may be an optical type recognition sensor (e.g., a biometric sensor), and may be configured to absorb light generated by reflection of light emitted from at least one of the first, second or third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , or  430  in the display area DA, by a recognition target  40  such as a living body, a tool, or an object (e.g., may be configured to absorb light of a red wavelength spectrum, a green wavelength spectrum, a blue wavelength spectrum, an infrared wavelength spectrum, or any combination thereof) to convert the absorbed light into an electrical signal. Herein, the living body may be a finger, a fingerprint, a palm, an iris, a face, and/or a wrist, but is not limited thereto. The sensor  100  may be, for example, a fingerprint sensor, an illumination sensor, an iris sensor, a distance sensor, a blood vessel distribution sensor, and/or a heart rate sensor, but is not limited thereto. 
     The sensor  100  may be disposed on the same plane as the first, second, and third light emitting element s  410 ,  420 , and  430  on the substrate  200 , and may be embedded in the sensor-embedded display panel  1000 . Restated, the sensor  100  may be in parallel with the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  on the substrate  200  along an in-plane direction of the substrate  200 . As described herein, the in-plane direction of the substrate  200  may be a direction (e.g., the xy direction as shown) that extends in parallel with at least a portion of the substrate  200 , including an upper surface of the substrate  200 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  10   , the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  includes a substrate  200 ; a thin film transistor  280  on the substrate  200 ; an insulation layer  290  on the thin film transistor  280 ; a pixel definition layer  180  on the insulation layer  290 ; and first, second, or third light emitting element  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100  in a space partitioned by the pixel definition layer  180 . 
     The substrate  200  may be a light-transmitting substrate, for example, a glass substrate or a polymer substrate. The polymer substrate may include, for example, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polyethylenenaphthalate, polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyethersulfone, polyorganosiloxane, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyolefin, or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. 
     A plurality of thin film transistors  280  are formed on the substrate  200 . One or more thin film transistor  280  may be included in each subpixel PX, and may include, for example, at least one switching thin film transistor and/or at least one driving thin film transistor. The substrate  200  on which the thin film transistor  280  is formed may be referred to as a thin film transistor substrate (TFT substrate) or a thin film transistor backplane (TFT backplane). 
     The insulation layer  290  may cover the substrate  200  and the thin film transistor  280  and may be formed on the whole surface of the substrate  200 . The insulation layer  290  may be a planarization layer or a passivation layer, and may include an organic insulating material, an inorganic insulating material, an organic-inorganic insulating material, or any combination thereof. The insulation layer  290  may have a plurality of contact holes  241  for connecting the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the thin film transistor  280  and a plurality of contact holes  242  for electrically connecting the sensor  100  and the thin film transistor  280 . The insulation layer  290  may include an organic, inorganic, or organic-inorganic insulating material, in some example embodiments, an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or aluminum oxynitride; an organic insulating material such as polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, or polyacrylate; or an organic-inorganic insulating material such as polyorganosiloxane or polyorganosilazane. 
     The pixel definition layer  180  may also be formed on the whole surface of the substrate  200  and may be between adjacent subpixels PXs to partition each subpixel PX. The pixel definition layer  180  may have a plurality of openings  181  disposed in each subpixel PX, and in each opening  181 , any one of first, second, or third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , or  430  and the image sensor  300  may be disposed. The pixel definition layer  180  may include an insulation layer that may include an organic, inorganic, or organic-inorganic insulating material, in some example embodiments, an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride; an organic insulating material such as polyimide; or an organic-inorganic insulating material such as polyorganosiloxane or polyorganosilazane. 
     The first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  are formed on the substrate  200  (or thin film transistor substrate) and are repeatedly arranged along the in-plane direction (e.g., xy direction) of the substrate  200  (also referred to as an in-plane direction of the substrate  200 ). As described above, the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  may be included in the first subpixel PX 1 , the second subpixel PX 2 , and the third subpixel PX 3 , respectively. The first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  may be electrically connected to separate thin film transistors  280  and may be driven independently. 
     The first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  may be configured to each independently emit light of a red wavelength spectrum, a green wavelength spectrum, a blue wavelength spectrum, an infrared wavelength spectrum, or any combination thereof. For example, the first light emitting element  410  may be configured to emit light of a red wavelength spectrum, the second light emitting element  420  may be configured to emit light of a green wavelength spectrum, and the third light emitting element  430  may be configured to emit light of a blue wavelength spectrum. Herein, the red wavelength spectrum, the green wavelength spectrum, and the blue wavelength spectrum may have a maximum emission wavelength (λ max ) in a wavelength region of greater than about 600 nm and less than about 750 nm, about 500 nm to about 600 nm, and greater than or equal to about 400 nm and less than about 500 nm, respectively. 
     The first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  may be, for example, light emitting diodes, and for example, an organic light emitting diode including an organic material, an inorganic light emitting diode including an inorganic material, a quantum dot light emitting diode including quantum dots, or a perovskite light emitting diode including perovskite. 
     The sensor  100  may be formed on the substrate  200  (or thin film transistor substrate) and may be randomly or regularly arranged along the in-plane direction (e.g., xy direction) of the substrate  200 . As described above, the sensor  100  may be disposed in the non-display area NDA and may be connected to a separate thin film transistor  280  to be independently driven. The sensor  100  may be configured to absorb light of the same wavelength spectrum as the light emitted from at least one of the first, second, or third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , or  430  and then convert the absorbed light into an electrical signal. For example, the sensor  100  may be configured to absorb light of a red wavelength spectrum and a green wavelength spectrum, a blue wavelength spectrum, an infrared wavelength spectrum, or any combination thereof, and then convert it into an electrical signal. The sensor  100  may be, for example, a photoelectric conversion diode, for example an organic photoelectric conversion diode including an organic material. 
     Each of the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100  may include a separate, respective pixel electrode  411 ,  421 ,  431 , or  110 ; a separate portion of a common electrode  120  facing the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  and to which a common voltage is applied; and a separate, respective light emitting layer  412 ,  422 , or  432  or a photoelectric conversion layer  130 , a separate portion of a first common auxiliary layer  140 , and a separate portion of a second common auxiliary layer  150  between the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  and the common electrode  120 . The pixel electrode  110  of the sensor  100  may correspond to the first electrode  110  of the aforementioned sensor  100 , and the common electrode  120  of the sensor  100  may correspond to the second electrode  120  of the aforementioned sensor  100 , and the first and second common auxiliary layers  140  and  150  may correspond to the first and second auxiliary layers  140  and  150  of the aforementioned sensor  100 . 
     The first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100  may be arranged in parallel along the in-plane direction (e.g., xy direction) of the substrate  200 , and may share the common electrode  120 , the first common auxiliary layer  140 , and the second common auxiliary layer  150  which are formed on the whole surface. For example, as shown in at least  FIG.  10   , the photoelectric conversion layer  130  of the sensor  100  and the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  of the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  may at least partially overlap with each other (e.g., partially or completely overlap each other) in the in-plane direction (e.g., xy direction) of the substrate  200 , which may be understood to be a horizontal direction that extends in parallel to an in-plane direction of the substrate  200  as shown in  FIG.  10    and/or a horizontal direction that extends in parallel to an upper surface of the substrate  200  as shown in  FIG.  10   , and the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  may be at least partially positioned on the same plane (e.g., an xy plane extending in the xy directions that intersects each of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432 ). 
     The common electrode  120  is continuously formed as a single piece of material that extends on the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the photoelectric conversion layer  130 , and is substantially formed on the whole surface of the substrate  200 . The common electrode  120  may apply a common voltage to the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100 . As shown, the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100  may include separate portions of a single common electrode  120  that is a single piece of material that extends on each of the respective light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and between the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100 . 
     The first common auxiliary layer  140  is between the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110 , the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 ,  432 , and the photoelectric conversion layer  130 , and may be continuously formed as a single piece of material that extends on the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110 , and under the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the photoelectric conversion layer  130 . As shown, the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100  may include separate portions of a single first common auxiliary layer  140  that is a single piece of material that extends under each of the respective light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and between the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100 . 
     The first common auxiliary layer  140  is a charge auxiliary layer (e.g., hole auxiliary layer) that facilitates injection and/or movement of charges (e.g., holes) from the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 , and  431  to the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432 . For example, the HOMO energy level of the first common auxiliary layer  140  may be between the HOMO energy level of the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the work function of the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 . The work function of the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 , and  431 , the HOMO energy level of the first common auxiliary layer  140 , and the HOMO energy level of the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  may be sequentially deepened. On the other hand, the LUMO energy level of the first common auxiliary layer  140  may be shallower than the LUMO energy level of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and the work function of the pixel electrode  110 , respectively. 
     The first common auxiliary layer  140  may include an organic material, an inorganic material, an organic-inorganic material, or any combination thereof satisfying the HOMO energy level, for example a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine; DNTPD (N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-[4-(phenyl-m-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine), m-MTDATA (4,4′,4″-[tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino] triphenylamine), TDATA (4,4′4″-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine), 2-TNATA (4,4′,4″-tris{N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino}-triphenylamine), PEDOT/PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate)), PAN I/DBSA (polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), PANI/CSA (polyaniline/Camphor sulfonic acid), PANI/PSS (polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate)), NPB (N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine), polyetherketone including triphenylamine (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyliodonium[tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate], HAT-CN (dipyrazino[2,3-f: 2′,3′-h] quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile), a carbazole-based derivative such as N-phenylcarbazole, polyvinylcarbazole, and the like, a fluorene-based derivative, TPD (N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine), a triphenylamine-based derivative such as TCTA (4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine), NPB (N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine), TAPC (4,4′-cyclohexylidene bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine]), HMTPD (4,4′-bis[N,N′-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl), mCP (1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene), or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. The first common auxiliary layer  140  may be one layer or two or more layers. 
     The second common auxiliary layer  150  may be between the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the photoelectric conversion layer  130 , and the common electrode  120 . The second common auxiliary layer  150  may be continuously formed as a single piece of material that extends on the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432 , and the photoelectric conversion layer  130 , and under the common electrode  120 . As shown, the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100  may include separate portions of a single second common auxiliary layer  150  that is a single piece of material that extends on each of the respective light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and between the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100 . 
     The second common auxiliary layer  150  is a charge auxiliary layer (e.g., an electron auxiliary layer) that facilitates injection and/or movement of charges (e.g., electrons) from the common electrode  120  to the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432 . For example, the LUMO energy level of the second common auxiliary layer  150  may be located between the LUMO energy level of the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the work function of the common electrode  120 . The work function of the common electrode  120 , the LUMO energy level of the second common auxiliary layer  150 , and the LUMO energy level of the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  may become shallow in sequence. 
     The second common auxiliary layer  150  may include an organic material, an inorganic material, an organic-inorganic material, or any combination thereof satisfying the LUMO energy level, for example a halogenated metal such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, and RbI; a lanthanides metal such as Yb; a metal oxide such as Li 2 O or BaO; Liq (lithium quinolate), Alq3 (tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum), 1,3,5-tri[(3-pyridyl)-phen-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris (3′-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzoimidazolyl-1-ylphenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, TPBi (1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl), BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Bphen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), TAZ (3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-tertbutylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole), NTAZ (4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole), tBu-PBD (2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), BAlq (bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,08)-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum), Bebq 2  (beryllium bis(benzoquinolin-10-olate), ADN (9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene), BmPyPhB (1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene), or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. The first common auxiliary layer  140  may be one layer or two or more layers. 
     Each of the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100  may include pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  facing the common electrode  120 . One of the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  or the common electrode  120  is an anode and the other is a cathode. For example, the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  may be an anode and the common electrode  120  may be a cathode. The pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  are separated for each subpixel PX, and may be electrically connected to a separate thin film transistor  280  to be independently driven. 
     Each of the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  and the common electrode  120  may be a light-transmitting electrode or a reflective electrode. For example, at least one of the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  and the common electrode  120  may be a light-transmitting electrode. 
     The light-transmitting electrode may be a transparent electrode or a semi-transmissive electrode. The transparent electrode may have a light transmittance of greater than or equal to about 85%, greater than or equal to about 90%, or greater than or equal to about 95% and the semi-transmissive electrode may have a light transmittance of greater than or equal to about 30% and less than about 85%, about 40% to about 80%, or about 40% to about 75%. The transparent electrode and the semi-transmissive electrode may include, for example, at least one of an oxide conductor, a carbon conductor, or a metal thin film. The oxide conductors may include, for example, one or more selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc tin oxide (ZTO), aluminum tin oxide (ATO), and aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), the carbon conductor may include one or more selected from graphene and carbon nanostructures, and the metal thin film may be a very thin film including aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), gold (Au), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), magnesium-aluminum (Mg—Al), an alloy thereof, or any combination thereof. 
     The reflective electrode may include a reflective layer having a light transmittance of less than or equal to about 5% and/or a reflectance of greater than or equal to about 80%, and the reflective layer may include an optically opaque material. The optically opaque material may include a metal, a metal nitride, or any combination thereof, for example silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), an alloy thereof, a nitride thereof (e.g., TiN), or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. The reflective electrode may be formed of a reflective layer or may have a stacked structure of a reflective layer/transmissive layer or a transmissive layer/reflective layer/transmissive layer, and the reflective layer may be one layer or two or more layers. 
     For example, when the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  are light-transmitting electrodes and the common electrode  120  is a reflective electrode, the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  may be a bottom emission type display panel configured to emit light toward the substrate  200 . For example, when the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  are reflective electrodes and the common electrode  120  is a light-transmitting electrode, the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  may be a top emission type display panel configured to emit light toward the opposite side of the substrate  200 . For example, when the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  and the common electrode  120  are light-transmitting electrodes, respectively, the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  may be a both side emission type display panel. 
     For example, the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  110  may be reflective electrodes and the common electrode  120  may be a semi-transmissive electrode. In this case, the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  may have a microcavity structure. In the microcavity structure, reflection may occur repeatedly between the reflective electrode and the semi-transmissive electrode separated by a particular (or, alternatively, predetermined) optical length (e.g., a distance between the semi-transmissive electrode and the reflective electrode) and light of a particular (or, alternatively, predetermined) wavelength spectrum may be enhanced to improve optical properties. 
     For example, among the light emitted from the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  of the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430 , light of a particular (or, alternatively, predetermined) wavelength spectrum may be repeatedly reflected between the semi-transmissive electrode and the reflective electrode and then may be modified. Among the modified light, light of a wavelength spectrum corresponding to a resonance wavelength of a microcavity may be enhanced to exhibit amplified light emission characteristics in a narrow wavelength region. Accordingly, the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  may express colors with high color purity. 
     For example, among the light incident on the sensor  100 , light of a particular (or, alternatively, predetermined) wavelength spectrum may be repeatedly reflected between the semi-transmissive electrode and the reflective electrode to be modified. Among the modified light, light having a wavelength spectrum corresponding to the resonance wavelength of a microcavity may be enhanced to exhibit photoelectric conversion characteristics amplified in a narrow wavelength region. Accordingly, the sensor  100  may exhibit high photoelectric conversion characteristics in a narrow wavelength region. 
     Each of the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  includes light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  between the pixel electrodes  411 ,  421 , and  431  and the common electrode  120 . Each of the light emitting layer  412  included in the first light emitting element  410 , the light emitting layer  422  included in the second light emitting element  420 , and the light emitting layer  432  included in the third light emitting element  430  may be configured to emit light in the same or different wavelength spectra and may be configured to emit light in, for example a red wavelength spectrum, a green wavelength spectrum, a blue wavelength spectrum, an infrared wavelength spectrum, or any combination thereof. 
     For example, when the first light emitting element  410 , the second light emitting element  420 , and the third light emitting element  430  are a red light emitting elements, a green light emitting element, and a blue light emitting element, respectively, the light emitting layer  412  may be a red light emitting layer configured to emit light in a red wavelength spectrum, the light emitting layer  422  included in the second light emitting element  420  may be a green light emitting layer configured to emit light in a green wavelength spectrum, and the light emitting layer  432  included in the third light emitting element  430  may be a blue light emitting layer configured to emit light in a blue wavelength spectrum. Herein, the red wavelength spectrum, the green wavelength spectrum, and the blue wavelength spectrum may have a maximum emission wavelength in a wavelength region of greater than about 600 nm and less than about 750 nm, about 500 nm to about 600 nm, and greater than or equal to about 400 nm and less than about 500 nm, respectively. 
     For example, when at least one of the first light emitting element  410 , the second light emitting element  420 , or the third light emitting element  430  is a white light emitting element, the light emitting layer of the white light emitting element may be configured to emit light of a full visible light wavelength spectrum, for example, light in a wavelength spectrum of greater than or equal to about 380 nm and less than about 750 nm, about 400 nm to about 700 nm, or about 420 nm to about 700 nm. 
     The light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  may include an organic light emitting material, a quantum dot, a perovskite, or any combination thereof as a light emitting material. For example, the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  may include an organic light emitting material, and may include at least one host material, or a fluorescent or phosphorescent dopant. 
     The organic light emitting material may be, for example, perylene; rubrene; 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-[p-(dimethylamino)styryl]-4H-pyran; coumarin or a derivative thereof; carbazole or a derivative thereof; TPBi (2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole); TBADN (2-t-butyl-9,10-di(naphth-2-yl)anthracene); AND (9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene); CBP (4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl); TCTA (4,4′,4″-tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine); TPBi (1,3,5-tris(N- phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene); TBADN (3-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphth-2-yl)anthracene); DSA (distyrylarylene); CDBP (4,4″-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2′-dimethylbiphenyl); MADN (2-Methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene); TCP (1,3,5-tris(carbazol-9-yl)benzene); Alq3 (tris(8-hydroxyquinolino)lithium); an organometallic compound including Pt, Os, Ti, Zr, Hf, Eu, Tb, Tm, Rh, Ru, Re, Be, Mg, Al, Ca, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Pd, Ag and/or Au; a derivative thereof, or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. 
     The sublimation temperature of the known material that may be included in the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  may be less than or equal to about 380° C., and within the above range, less than or equal to about 370° C., less than or equal to about 360° C., less than or equal to about 350° C., less than or equal to about 340° C., less than or equal to about 330° C., less than or equal to about 320° C., less than or equal to about 310° C., less than or equal to about 300° C., less than or equal to about 290° C., less than or equal to about 280° C., less than or equal to about 270° C., less than or equal to about 250° C., about 100° C. to about 380° C., about 100° C. to about 370° C., about 100° C. to about 360° C., about 100° C. to about 350° C., about 100° C. to about 340° C., about 100° C. to about 330° C., about 100° C. to about 320° C., about 100° C. to about 310° C., about 100° C. to about 300° C., about 100° C. to about 290° C., about 100° C. to about 280° C., about 100° C. to about 270° C., about 100° C. to about 250° C., about 150° C. to about 380° C., about 150° C. to about 370° C., about 150° C. to about 360° C., about 150° C. to about 350° C., about 150° C. to about 340° C., about 150° C. to about 330° C., about 150° C. to about 320° C., about 150° C. to about 310° C., about 150° C. to about 300° C., about 150° C. to about 290° C., about 150° C. to about 280° C., about 150° C. to about 270° C., or about 150° C. to about 250° C. 
     The quantum dot may include, for example, a Group II-VI semiconductor compound, a Group III-V semiconductor compound, a Group IV-VI semiconductor compound, a Group IV semiconductor compound, a Group I-III-VI semiconductor compound, a Group I-II-IV-VI semiconductor compound, a Group II-III-V semiconductor compound, or any combination thereof. The Group II-IV semiconductor compound may be, for example, selected from a binary element semiconductor compound selected from CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, or a mixture thereof; a ternary element semiconductor compound selected from CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS, or a mixture thereof; and a quaternary element semiconductor compound selected from HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe, or a mixture thereof, but is not limited thereto. The Group III-V semiconductor compound may be, for example, selected from a binary element semiconductor compound selected from GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, or a mixture thereof; a ternary element semiconductor compound selected from GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, or a mixture thereof; and a quaternary element semiconductor compound selected from GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, or a mixture thereof, but is not limited thereto. The Group IV-VI semiconductor compound may be, for example, selected from a binary element semiconductor compound selected from SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, or a mixture thereof; a ternary element semiconductor compound selected from SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, or a mixture thereof; and a quaternary element semiconductor compound selected from SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, or a mixture thereof, but is not limited thereto. The Group IV semiconductor compound may be, for example, selected from a single-element semiconductor compound such as Si, Ge, or a mixture thereof; and a binary element compound selected from SiC, SiGe, or a mixture thereof, but is not limited thereto. The Group I-III-VI semiconductor compound may be, for example, CuInSe 2 , CuInS 2 , CuInGaSe, CuInGaS, or a mixture thereof, but is not limited thereto. The Group I-II-IV-VI semiconductor compound may be, for example, CuZnSnSe, CuZnSnS, or a mixture thereof, but is not limited thereto. The Group II-III-V semiconductor compound may be, for example, InZnP, but is not limited thereto. 
     The perovskite may be CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 , CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , CH 3 NH 3 SnBr 3 , CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 , CH 3 NH 3 Sn 1-x Pb x Br 3 , CH 3 NH 3 Sn 1-x Pb x I 3 , HC(NH 2 ) 2 Pbl 3 , HC(NH 2 ) 2 SnI 3 , (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 PbBr 4 , (C 6 H 5 CH 2 NH 3 ) 2 PbBr 4 , (C 6 H 5 CH 2 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 , (C 6 H 5 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbBr 4 , (C 6 H 13 NH 3 ) 2 (CH 3 NH 3 ) n−1 Pb n I 3n+1 , (where x satisfies 0&lt;x&lt;1 and n is any positive integer) but is not limited thereto. 
     The sensor  100  includes a photoelectric conversion layer  130  between the pixel electrode  110  and the common electrode  120 . The photoelectric conversion layer  130  is in parallel with the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  of the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  along the in-plane direction (e.g., xy direction) of the substrate  200 . The photoelectric conversion layer  130  and the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  may be on the same plane. 
     The photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be configured to absorb light of a particular (or, alternatively, predetermined) wavelength spectrum and convert the absorbed light into an electrical signal, and may be configured to absorb light generated by reflection of the aforementioned light emitted from at least one of the first, second, or third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and reflected by the recognition target  40  and convert it into an electrical signal. The photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be configured to absorb light of a red wavelength spectrum, a green wavelength spectrum, a blue wavelength spectrum, an infrared wavelength spectrum, or any combination thereof. 
     For example, the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be configured to selectively absorb light of a red wavelength spectrum having a maximum absorption wavelength in a wavelength region belonging to greater than about 600 nm and less than about 750 nm, and may be configured to absorb light emitted from the red light emitting element among the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and then reflected by the recognition target  40 . 
     For example, the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be configured to selectively absorb light of a green wavelength spectrum having a maximum absorption wavelength in a wavelength region belonging to about 500 nm to about 600 nm, and may be configured to absorb light emitted from the green light emitting element among the first, second and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and then reflected by the recognition target  40 . 
     For example, the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be configured to selectively absorb light in a blue wavelength spectrum having a maximum absorption wavelength in a wavelength region belonging to greater than or equal to about 380 nm and less than about 500 nm, and may be configured to absorb light emitted from the blue light emitting element among the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and then reflected by the recognition target  40 . 
     For example, the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be configured to absorb light of a red wavelength spectrum, a green wavelength spectrum, and a blue wavelength spectrum, that is, light of a full visible wavelength spectrum of greater than or equal to about 380 nm and less than about 750 nm. The photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be configured to absorb light emitted from the light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and then reflected by the recognition target  40 . 
     The photoelectric conversion layer  130  may include a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor that form a pn junction, and the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor are the same as described above. As described above, the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may include an intrinsic layer (l-layer) in which a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor are blended in a bulk heterojunction form, and in various combinations such as an l-layer, a p-type layer/l-layer, an l-layer/n-type layer, p-type layer/l-layer/n-type layer, or may include a bi-layer including a p-type layer including a p-type semiconductor and an n-type layer including the aforementioned n-type semiconductor. When the photoelectric conversion layer  130  is a bi-layer, the p-type layer may be close to the pixel electrode  110  and the n-type layer may be close to the common electrode  120 . The aforementioned organic compound may be included in the photoelectric conversion layer  130 , for example as an n-type semiconductor. In some example embodiments, the aforementioned organic compound may be included in the photoelectric conversion layer  130  as a p-type semiconductor, and the n-type semiconductor in the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be a light absorbing material configured to absorb light of a visible light wavelength spectrum, and may include, for example, fullerene or a fullerene derivative, a subphthalocyanine or subphthalocyanine derivative, a thiophene or thiophene derivative, or the like. In some example embodiments, different example embodiments of an organic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 may be included in the photoelectric conversion layer  130  as different ones of a p-type semiconductor or an n-type semiconductor. 
     The p-type semiconductor of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may have an energy level capable of forming effective electrical matching with the first common auxiliary layer  140 , and for example, a difference between a HOMO energy level of the first common auxiliary layer  140  and a HOMO energy level of the p-type semiconductor may be less than or equal to about 1.2 eV, within the above range, less than or equal to about 1.1 eV, less than or equal to about 1.0 eV, less than or equal to about 0.8 eV, less than or equal to about 0.7 eV, less than or equal to about 0.5 eV, about 0 eV to about 1.2 eV, about 0 eV to about 1.1 eV, about 0 eV to about 1.0 eV, about 0 eV to about 0.8 eV, about 0 eV to about 0.7 eV, about 0 eV to about 0.5 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 1.2 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 1.1 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 1.0 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 0.8 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 0.7 eV, or about 0.01 eV to about 0.5 eV. Accordingly, charges (e.g., holes) generated in the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may pass through the first common auxiliary layer  140  and may be effectively moved and/or extracted to the pixel electrode  110 . An additional auxiliary layer (not shown) may be included between the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and the first common auxiliary layer  140 , and the additional auxiliary layer may be positioned in only the sensor  100 , unlike the first common auxiliary layer  140 . 
     The n-type semiconductor of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may include the aforementioned organic compound, and the n-type semiconductor and the second common auxiliary layer  150  may have an energy level capable of forming effective electrical matching. For example, a difference between the LUMO energy level of the second common auxiliary layer  150  and the LUMO energy level of the n-type semiconductor (the organic compound described above) may be less than or equal to about 1.2 eV, and within the above range, less than or equal to about 1.1 eV, less than or equal to about 1.0 eV, less than or equal to about 0.8 eV, less than or equal to about 0.7 eV, less than or equal to about 0.5 eV, about 0 eV to about 1.2 eV, about 0 eV to about 1.1 eV, about 0 eV to about 1.0 eV, about 0 eV to about 0.8 eV, about 0 eV to about 0.7 eV, about 0 eV to about 0.5 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 1.2 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 1.1 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 1.0 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 0.8 eV, about 0.01 eV to about 0.7 eV, or about 0.01 eV to about 0.5 eV. Accordingly, charges (e.g., electrons) generated in the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may pass through the second common auxiliary layer  150  and may be effectively moved and/or extracted to the common electrode  120 , thereby improving performance of the sensor  100 . An additional auxiliary layer (not shown) may be included between the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and the second common auxiliary layer  150 , and the additional auxiliary layer may be positioned in only the sensor  100 , unlike the second common auxiliary layer  150 . 
     A detailed description of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  is the same as described above. 
     For example, the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  may include an organic light emitting material, and the organic light emitting material of the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be vacuum-deposited in the same chamber. Accordingly, a difference in sublimation temperatures between the organic light emitting material of the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be less than or equal to about 150° C., and within the above range for example about 130° C., less than or equal to about 120° C., less than or equal to about 110° C., less than or equal to about 100° C., less than or equal to about 90° C., less than or equal to about 80° C., less than or equal to about 70° C., less than or equal to about 60° C., less than or equal to about 50° C., less than or equal to about 40° C., less than or equal to about 30° C., less than or equal to about 20° C., less than or equal to about 15° C., or less than or equal to about 10° C., within the above range, about 0° C. to about 150° C., about 0° C. to about 130° C., about 0° C. to about 120° C., about 0° C. to about 110° C., about 0° C. to about 100° C., about 0° C. to about 90° C., about 0° C. to about 80° C., about 0° C. to about 70° C., about 0° C. to about 60° C., about 0° C. to about 50° C., about 0° C. to about 40° C., about 0° C. to about 30° C., about 0° C. to about 20° C., about 0° C. to about 15° C., about 0° C. to about 10° C., about 2° C. to about 150° C., about 2° C. to about 130° C., about 2° C. to about 120° C., about 2° C. to about 110° C., about 2° C. to about 100° C., about 2° C. to about 90° C., about 2° C. to about 80° C., 2° C. to about 70° C., about 2° C. to about 60° C., about 2° C. to about 50° C., about 2° C. to about 40° C., about 2° C. to about 30° C., about 2° C. to about 20° C., about 2° C. to about 15° C., or about 2° C. to about 10° C. 
     For example, the sublimation temperature of the organic light emitting materials of the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be less than or equal to about 380° C., respectively, and within the above range, less than or equal to about 370° C., less than or equal to about 360° C., less than or equal to about 350° C., less than or equal to about 340° C., less than or equal to about 330° C., less than or equal to about 320° C., less than or equal to about 310° C., less than or equal to about 300° C., less than or equal to about 290° C., less than or equal to about 280° C., less than or equal to about 270° C., less than or equal to about 250° C., about 100° C. to about 380° C., about 100° C. to about 370° C., about 100° C. to about 360° C., about 100° C. to about 350° C., about 100° C. to about 340° C., about 100° C. to about 330° C., about 100° C. to about 320° C., about 100° C. to about 310° C., about 100° C. to about 300° C., about 100° C. to about 290° C., about 100° C. to about 280° C., about 100° C. to about 270° C., about 100° C. to about 250° C., about 150° C. to about 380° C., about 150° C. to about 370° C., about 150° C. to about 360° C., about 150° C. to about 350° C., about 150° C. to about 340° C., about 150° C. to about 330° C., about 150° C. to about 320° C., about 150° C. to about 310° C., about 150° C. to about 300° C., about 150° C. to about 290° C., about 150° C. to about 280° C., about 150° C. to about 270° C., or about 150° C. to about 250° C. 
     In this way, since the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may form the aforementioned electrical matching with the first and second common auxiliary layers  140  and  150 , and the light emitting material of the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  have similar thermal properties, the sensor may be effectively formed in the display panel without deterioration of electrical characteristics and complexity of the process. 
     The thickness of the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may each independently be about 5 nm to about 300 nm, and within the above range, about 10 nm to about 250 nm, about 20 nm to about 200 nm, or about 30 nm to about 180 nm. A difference in thickness between the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be less than or equal to about 20 nm, and within the above range, less than or equal to about 15 nm, less than or equal to about 10 nm, or less than or equal to about 5 nm, and the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  and the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may have substantially the same thickness. 
     An encapsulation layer  380  is formed on the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 ,  430 , and the sensor  100 . The encapsulation layer  380  may include, for example, a glass plate, a metal thin film, an organic layer, an inorganic layer, an organic-inorganic layer, or any combination thereof. The organic film may include, for example, an acrylic resin, a (meth)acrylic resin, polyisoprene, a vinyl resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a cellulose resin, a perylene resin, or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. The inorganic film may include, for example, an oxides, a nitride, and/or an oxynitride, for example silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxynitride, zirconium oxide, zirconium nitride, zirconium oxynitride, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium oxynitride, hafnium oxide, hafnium nitride, hafnium oxynitride, tantalum oxide, tantalum nitride, tantalum oxynitride, lithium fluoride, or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. The organic-inorganic film may include, for example, polyorganosiloxane, but is not limited thereto. The encapsulation layer  380  may be one layer or two or more layers. 
     As described above, the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  according to some example embodiments, including the example embodiments shown in  FIGS.  9  and  10   , includes the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  configured to emit light of a particular (or, alternatively, predetermined) wavelength spectrum to display colors, and the sensor  100  configured to absorb light generated by reflection of the light, by the recognition target  40  and convert the absorbed light into an electrical signal, in the same plane on the substrate  200 , thereby performing a display function and a recognition function (e.g., biometric recognition function) together. Accordingly, unlike conventional display panels formed on the outside of the display panel or formed under the display panel by manufacturing the sensor as a separate module, it may improve performance without increasing the thickness, implementing a slim-type high performance sensor-embedded display panel  1000 . 
     In addition, since the sensor  100  uses light emitted from the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430 , the recognition function (e.g., biometric recognition function) may be performed without a separate light source. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a separate light source outside the display panel, thereby preventing a decrease in the aperture ratio of the display panel due to the area occupied by the light source, and at the same time saving power consumed by the separate light source to improve power consumption. 
     In addition, as described above, the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100  share the common electrode  120 , the first common auxiliary layer  140 , and the second common auxiliary layer  150  and thus the structure and process may be simplified compared with the case where the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100  are formed in separate processes. 
     In addition, the sensor  100  may be an organic sensor including an organic photoelectric conversion layer, and accordingly, it may have a light absorbance that is two or more times higher than that of an inorganic diode such as a silicon photodiode, performing a high-sensitivity sensing function with further thinner thickness. 
     In addition, the sensor  100  may be disposed anywhere in the non-display area NDA, they may be disposed at a desired location of the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  as many as desired. Therefore, for example, by randomly or regularly arranging the sensor  100  over the entire sensor-embedded display panel  1000 , the biometric recognition function may be performed on any portion of the screen of an electronic device such as a mobile device and the biometric recognition function may be selectively performed only in a specific location where the biometric recognition function is required. 
     Hereinafter, another example of the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  according to some example embodiments is described. 
       FIG.  11    is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of a sensor-embedded display panel according to some example embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  11   , a sensor-embedded display panel  1000  according to some example embodiments includes a plurality of subpixels PX configured to display different colors, that is, a first subpixel PX 1 , a second subpixel PX 2 , and a third subpixel PX 3  configured to display a first color, a second color, and a third color selected from red, green, and blue, and the first subpixel PX 1 , the second subpixel PX 2 , and the third subpixel PX 3  include a first light emitting element  410 , a second light emitting element  420 , and a third light emitting element  430 , respectively, like some example embodiments, including the example embodiments shown in at least  FIG.  10   . 
     However, unlike some example embodiments, including the example embodiments shown in at least  FIG.  10   , the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  according to some example embodiments, including the example embodiments shown in at least  FIG.  11   , may include the fourth light emitting element  440  configured to emit light in an infrared wavelength spectrum. For example, the fourth light emitting element  440  may be included in the first subpixel PX 1 , the second subpixel PX 2 , and/or the fourth subpixel PX 4  adjacent to the third subpixel PX 3 , or may be included in a non-display area, NDA. The fourth subpixel PX 4  may form one unit pixel UP together with the first subpixel PX 1 , the second subpixel PX 2 , and the third subpixel PX 3 , and the unit pixel UP may be arranged repeatedly along rows and/or columns. 
     Descriptions of the first subpixel PX 1 , the second subpixel PX 2 , the third subpixel PX 3 , the first light emitting element  410 , the second light emitting element  420 , the third light emitting element  430 , and the sensor  100  are the same as described above. 
     The fourth light emitting element  440  is on the substrate  200  and may be disposed on the same plane as the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100 . For example, as shown in at least  FIG.  10   , the photoelectric conversion layer  130  of the sensor  100  and the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  of the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  may at least partially overlap with each other (e.g., partially or completely overlap each other) in the in-plane direction (e.g., xy direction) of the substrate  200 , which may be understood to be a horizontal direction that extends in parallel to an in-plane direction of the substrate  200  as shown in  FIG.  10    and/or a horizontal direction that extends in parallel to an upper surface of the substrate  200  as shown in  FIG.  10   , and the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432  may be at least partially positioned on the same plane (e.g., an xy plane extending in the xy directions that intersects each of the photoelectric conversion layer  130  and the light emitting layers  412 ,  422 , and  432 ). The fourth light emitting element  440  may be electrically connected to a separate thin film transistor  280  and driven independently. The fourth light emitting element  440  may have a structure in which the pixel electrode  441 , the first common auxiliary layer  140 , the light emitting layer  442 , the second common auxiliary layer  150 , and the common electrode  120  are sequentially stacked. Among them, the common electrode  120 , the first common auxiliary layer  140 , and the second common auxiliary layer  150  may be shared with the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  and the sensor  100 . The light emitting layer  442  may be configured to emit light of an infrared wavelength spectrum, which may have for example a maximum emission wavelength in a range of greater than or equal to about 750 nm, about 750 nm to about 20 μm, about 780 nm to about 20 μm, about 800 nm to about 20 μm, about 750 nm to about 15 μm, about 780 nm to about 15 μm, about 800 nm to about 15 μm, about 750 nm to about 10 μm, about 780 nm to about 10μm, about 800 nm to about 10μm, about 750 nm to about 5μm, about 780 nm to about 5 μm, about 800 nm to about 5 μm, about 750 nm to about 3 μm, about 780 nm to about 3 μm, about 800 nm to about 3 μm, about 750 nm to about 2 μm, about 780 nm to about 2 μm, about 800 nm to about 2 μm, about 750 nm to about 1.5 μm, about 780 nm to about 1.5 μm, or about 800 nm to about 1.5 μm. 
     The sensor  100  may be configured to absorb light generated by reflection of light emitted from at least one of the first, second, third, or fourth light emitting elements  410 ,  420 ,  430 , or  440 , by a recognition target  40  such as a living body or a tool, and then convert it into an electrical signal. For example, the sensor  100  may be configured to absorb light generated by reflection of light emitted from the fourth light emitting element  440  in an infrared wavelength spectrum, by the recognition target  40 , and then convert it into an electrical signal. In this case, the photoelectric conversion layer  130  of the sensor  100  may include an organic material, an inorganic material, an organic-inorganic material, or any combination thereof configured to selectively absorb light in the infrared wavelength spectrum. For example, the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may include a quantum dot, a quinoid metal complex compound, a polymethine compound, a cyanine compound, a phthalocyanine compound, a merocyanine compound, a naphthalocyanine compound, an immonium compound, a diimmonium compound, a triarylmethane compound, a dipyrromethene compound, an anthraquinone compound, a naphthoquinone, a diquinone compound, a naphthoquinone compound, an anthraquinone compound, a squarylium compound, a rylene compound, a perylene compound, a squaraine compound, a pyrylium compound, a squaraine compound, a thiopyrylium compound, a diketopyrrolopyrrole compound, a boron dipyrromethene compound, a nickel-dithiol complex compound, a croconium compound, a derivative thereof, or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. 
     The sensor-embedded display panel  1000  according to some example embodiments, including the example embodiments shown in  FIG.  11   , includes the fourth light emitting element  440  configured to emit light in the infrared wavelength spectrum and the sensor  100  configured to absorb light in the infrared wavelength spectrum. Therefore, in addition to the biometric detection function, the sensitivity of the sensor  100  may be improved even in a low-illumination environment, and the detection capability of a 3D image may be further increased by widening a dynamic range for detailed division of black and white contrast. Accordingly, the sensing capability of the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  may be further improved. In particular, since light in the infrared wavelength spectrum may have a deeper penetration depth due to its long wavelength characteristics and information located at different distances may be effectively obtained, images or changes in blood vessels such as veins, iris and/or face, etc., in addition to fingerprints may be effectively detected, and the scope of application nay be further expanded. 
     In some example embodiments, the sensor  100  may be provided separately from (e.g., independently of) a sensor-embedded display panel  1000  and/or from any light emitting elements, for example as a separate component of an electronic device. For example, an electronic device, such as the electronic device  2000  shown in  FIG.  13   , may include a plurality of sensors  100 , as a separate at least one additional device  1340 , to serve as a camera for the electronic device separately from any light emitting elements and/or display panels of the electronic device  2000 . 
     In some example embodiments, one or both of the first common auxiliary layer  140  and/or the second common auxiliary layer  150  may be absent from the sensor-embedded display panel  1000 , and the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be understood to be between (e.g., directly between) a pair of electrodes (e.g., pixel electrode  411  and a portion of the common electrode  120 ). In some example embodiments, the common electrode  120  may be replaced by a plurality of separate pixel electrodes that are each included in a separate one of the light emitting elements  410 ,  420 ,  430 , and/or  440  and/or the sensor  100  and may face a separate pixel electrode  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and/or  441  and/or  110 , such that the photoelectric conversion layer  130  may be understood to be between (e.g., directly between) a pair of electrodes that include the pixel electrode  110  and a separate electrode included in the sensor  100 . 
     The aforementioned sensor-embedded display panel  1000  may be applied to (e.g., included in) electronic devices such as various display devices. Electronic devices such as display devices may be applied to, for example, mobile phones, video phones, smart phones, mobile phones, smart pads, smart watches, digital cameras, tablet PCs, laptop PCs, notebook computers, computer monitors, wearable computers, televisions, digital broadcasting terminals, e-books, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia player (PMP), enterprise digital assistant (EDA), head mounted display (HMD), vehicle navigation, Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of all things (IoE), drones, door locks, safes, automatic teller machines (ATM), security devices, medical devices, or automotive electronic components, but are not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  12    is a schematic view illustrating an example of a smart phone as an electronic device according to an example. 
     Referring to  FIG.  12   , the electronic device  2000  may include the aforementioned sensor-embedded display panel  1000 , the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  having the sensor  100  disposed on the whole or a part of the area of the sensor-embedded display panel  1000 , and thus a biometric recognition function may be performed on any part of the screen, and according to the user&#39;s selection, the biometric recognition function may be selectively performed only at a specific location where the biometric recognition function is required. 
     An example of a method of recognizing the recognition target  40  in an electronic device  2000  such as a display device may include, for example, driving the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  of the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  (or the first, second, third, and fourth light emitting elements  410 ,  420 ,  430 , and  440 ) and the sensor  100  to detect the light reflected from the recognition target  40  among the light emitted from the first, second, and third light emitting elements  410 ,  420 , and  430  (or the first, second, third, and fourth light emitting elements  410 ,  420 ,  430 , and  440 ), in the sensor  100 ; comparing the image of the recognition target  40  stored in advance with the image of the recognition target  40  detected by the sensor  100 ; and judging the consistency of the compared images and if they match according to the determination that recognition of the recognition target  40  is complete, turning off the sensor  100 , permitting user&#39;s access to the display device, and driving the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  to display an image. 
       FIG.  13    is a schematic view illustrating an example of a configuration diagram of an electronic device according to some example embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  13   , in addition to the aforementioned constituent elements (e.g., the sensor-embedded display panel  1000 ), the electronic device  2000  may further include a bus  1310 , a processor  1320 , a memory  1330 , and at least one additional device  1340 . Information of the aforementioned sensor-embedded display panel  1000 , processor  1320 , memory  1330 , and at least one additional device  1340  may be transmitted to each other through the bus  1310 . 
     The processor  1320  may include one or more articles (e.g., units, instances, etc.) of processing circuitry such as a hardware including logic circuits; a hardware/software combination such as processor-implemented software; or any combination thereof. For example, the processing circuitry may be a central processing unit (CPU), an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), System-on-Chip (SoC), a programmable logic unit, a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and the like. As an example, the processing circuitry may include a non-transitory computer readable storage device. The processor  1320  may control, for example, a display operation of the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  or a sensor operation of the sensor  100 . 
     The memory  1330  may be a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, such as, for example, as a solid state drive (SSD) and may store an instruction program (e.g., program of instructions), and the processor  1320  may perform a function related to the sensor-embedded display panel  1000  by executing the stored instruction program. 
     The one or more additional devices  1340  may be one or more communication interfaces (e.g., wireless communication interfaces, wired interfaces), user interfaces (e.g., keyboard, mouse, buttons, etc.), power supply and/or power supply interfaces, or any combination thereof. 
     The units and/or modules described herein may be implemented using hardware constituent elements and software constituent elements. The units and/or modules described herein may include, may be included in, and/or may be implemented by one or more articles of processing circuitry such as a hardware including logic circuits; a hardware/software combination such as processor-implemented software; or any combination thereof. For example, the processing circuitry may be a central processing unit (CPU), an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), System-on-Chip (SoC), a programmable logic unit, a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and the like. For example, the hardware constituent elements may include microphones, amplifiers, band pass filters, audio-to-digital converters, and processing devices. The processing device may be implemented using one or more hardware devices configured to perform and/or execute program code by performing arithmetic, logic, and input/output operations. The processing device may include a processor, a controller and an arithmetic logic unit, a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable array, a programmable logic unit, a microprocessor, or any other device capable of responding to and executing instructions. The processing device may access, store, operate, process, and generate data in response to execution of an operating system (OS) and one or more software running on the operating system. 
     The software may include a computer program, a code, an instruction, or any combination thereof, and may transform a processing device for a special purpose by instructing and/or configuring the processing device independently or collectively to operate as desired. The software and data may be implemented permanently or temporarily as signal waves capable of providing or interpreting instructions or data to machines, parts, physical or virtual equipment, computer storage media or devices, or processing devices. The software may also be distributed over networked computer systems so that the software may be stored and executed in a distributed manner. The software and data may be stored by one or more non-transitory computer readable storage devices. 
     The method according to any of the example embodiments may be recorded in a non-transitory computer readable storage device including program instructions for implementing various operations of the aforementioned embodiments. The storage device may also include program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded in the storage device may be specially designed for some example embodiments or may be known to those skilled in computer software and available for use. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable storage devices may include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes; optical media such as CD-ROM discs, DVDs and/or blue-ray discs; magneto-optical media such as optical disks; and a hardware device configured to store and execute program instructions such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. The aforementioned device may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the aforementioned embodiments. 
     Hereinafter, some example embodiments are illustrated in more detail with reference to examples. However, the scope of the inventive concepts are not limited to these examples. 
     SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE I 
     Synthesis of n-type Semiconductor 
     SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 1 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     1,5-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde (0.6 g, 3.5 mol, 1.0 equiv.), 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid (1.2 g, 6.8 mol, 2.0 equiv.), and EtOH (140 ml) are respectively put in a reaction vessel and then, stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, pyridine (0.1 g, 0.8 mol, 0.2 equiv.) is added thereto and then, stirred for 30 minutes, followed by a reaction for 48 hours under a reflux condition. After cooling the reaction vessel to room temperature, the reaction solution is distilled off with an evaporator, and the residue is dried under vacuum. Then, methanol (160 ml) and chloroform (260 ml) are added to the corresponding residue and then, stirred and heated at a reflux temperature for 1 hour. After cooling the reaction vessel to room temperature, a solid therein is filtered and dried under vacuum. Subsequently, chloroform (260 ml) is added to the solid and then, stirred at the reflux temperature for 1 hour. After cooling the reaction vessel to room temperature, the solid is filtered. The solid is dried under vacuum, obtaining Compound A (1.3 g, 2.6 mol, Y. 74.0%). In addition, when used for evaluating a device, the compound is used after purification by sublimation (purity 99.9%). 
       1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.22 (s, 2H), 8.01 (d, 2H), 7.97 (d, 2H), 7.63 (dd, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H). 
     SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 2 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     1,5-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde (1.9 g, 10.5 mol, 1.0 equiv.), 1,3-indanedione (3.1 g, 21.1 mol, 2.0 equiv.), and EtOH (400 ml) are respectively put in a reaction vessel and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, pyridine (0.2 g, 2.3 mol, 0.2 equiv.) is added thereto and then, stirred for 30 minutes, followed by reaction for 48 hours under a reflux condition. After cooling the reaction vessel to room temperature, the reaction solution is distilled off with an evaporator, and the residue is dried under vacuum. Then, chloroform (300 ml) is added to the residue and then, stirred and heated at a reflux temperature for 1 hour. After cooling the reaction vessel to room temperature, the solid is filtered. The solid is dried under vacuum, obtaining Compound B (0.5 g, 1.2 mol, Y. 11.1%). In addition, when used for evaluating a device, the compound is used after purification by sublimation (purity 99.9%). 
       1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.22 (s, 2H), 8.01 (d, 2H), 7.99-7.97 (m, 4H), 7.73 (dd, 1H), 7.69 (dd, 1H), 7.63 (dd, 2H). 
     SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 3 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     2,6-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde (0.8 g, 4.1 mol, 1.0 equiv.), 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid (1.4 g, 8.1 mol, 2.0 equiv.), and EtOH (50 ml) are respectively put in a reaction vessel and then, stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, pyridine (0.1 g, 0.8 mol, 0.2 equiv.) is added thereto and then, stirred for 30 minutes, followed by a reaction for 48 hours under a reflux condition. After cooling the reaction vessel to room temperature, the reaction solution is distilled off with an evaporator, and the residue is dried under vacuum. Then, methanol (180 ml) and chloroform (220 ml) are added to the corresponding residue and then, stirred and heated at a reflux temperature for 1 hour. After cooling the reaction vessel to room temperature, a solid therein is filtered and dried under vacuum. Subsequently, chloroform (400 ml) is added to the solid and then, heated and stirred at the reflux temperature for 1 hour. After cooling the reaction vessel to room temperature, the solid is filtered. The solid is dried under vacuum, obtaining Compound C (1.1 g, 2.2 mol, Y. 54.8%). In addition, when used for evaluating a device, the compound is used after purification by sublimation (purity 99.9%). 
       1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 8.73 (s, 2H), 8.58 (s, 2H), 8.14 (d, 2H), 7.99 (d, 2H), 3.830 (s, 6H), 3.192 (s, 6H). 
     SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 4 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     2,6-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde (1.9 g, 10.5 mol, 1.0 equiv.), 1,3-indanedione (3.1 g, 21.1 mol, 2.0 equiv.), and EtOH (400 ml) are respectively put in a reaction vessel and then, stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, pyridine (0.2 g, 2.3 mol, 0.2 equiv.) is added thereto and then, stirred for 30 minutes, followed by a reaction for 48 hours under a reflux condition. After cooling the reaction vessel to room temperature, the reaction solution is distilled off with an evaporator, and the residue is dried under vacuum. Then, chloroform (350 ml) is added to the corresponding residue and then, stirred and heated at a reflux temperature for 1 hour. After cooling the reaction vessel to room temperature, a solid therein is filtered and dried under vacuum. Subsequently, N-methylpyrrolidone (300 ml) is added to the solid and then, stirred at the room temperature for 1 hour and then the solid is filtered. The solid is dried under vacuum, obtaining Compound D (1.7 g, 3.9 mol, Y. 33.9%). In addition, when used for evaluating a device, the compound is used after purification by sublimation (purity 99.9%). 
       1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 8.73 (s, 2H), 8.58 (s, 2H), 8.14 (d, 2H), 8.00-7.98 (m, 4H), 7.73 (dd, 1H), 7.69 (dd, 1H). 
     SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE II: Synthesis of p-type Semiconductor 
     SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 5 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     2.0 g (5.6 mmol) of 4,4-dimethyl-4H-selenopheno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[3,2,1-jk]carbazole-2-carbaldehyde is suspended in ethanol, and 1.1 g (6.7 mmol) of 1-methyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione is added thereto and then, reacted at 50° C. for 24 hours, obtaining 2.4 g of Compound 2A. A yield thereof is 86.0%. The compound is purified by sublimation up to purity of 99.9%. 
       1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 2 ): δ 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s,2H), 8.18 (s, 2H) 8.06 (d, 2H), 7.92 (d, 2H), 7.83 (d, 2H), 7.62 (d, 2H), 7.44 (t, 2H), 7.36 (m, 6H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 1.68 (s, 12H). 
     REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1 
     C60 (Nanom Purple SUH, Frontier Carbon) is prepared through purchase. 
     REFERENCE EXAMPLE 2 
     2,7-di-tert-butylpyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (Ambeed, Inc., United States, CAS: 190843-93-7) is prepared through purchase. 
     REFERENCE EXAMPLE 3 
     2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan, CAS 134984-37-5) is prepared through purchase. 
     Evaluation I 
     The sublimation temperatures of the organic compounds according to synthesis examples are evaluated. 
     The sublimation temperatures are evaluated through a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) by increasing a temperature under high vacuum of less than or equal to 10 Pa and then, taking a temperature at which a weight loss of each sample by 10% and 50% occurs relative to the initial weight of the sample. 
     The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 T s(10)  (° C.) 
                 T s(50)  (° C.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Synthesis Example 1 
                 251 
                 278 
               
               
                   
                 Synthesis Example 2 
                 378 
                 435 
               
               
                   
                 Synthesis Example 3 
                 260 
                 290 
               
               
                   
                 Synthesis Example 4 
                 288 
                 329 
               
               
                   
                 Reference Example 1 
                 439 
                 493 
               
               
                   
                 Reference Example 2 
                 182 
                 211 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 * T s(10)  (° C.): a temperature at which a weight reduction of each sample by 10% occurs relative to the initial weight 
               
               
                   
                 * T s(50)  (° C.): a temperature at which a weight reduction of each sample by 50% occurs relative to the initial weight 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 T s(10)  (° C.) 
                 T s(50)  (° C.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Synthesis Example 5 
                 270 
                 301 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Evaluation II 
     The organic compounds obtained in Synthesis Examples are deposited on a glass substrate, respectively, and energy levels of the deposited thin films are evaluated. 
     A HOMO energy level is evaluated with an amount of photoelectrons emitted by energy when irradiating UV light to a thin film using AC-2 (Hitachi) or AC-3 (Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.). A LUMO energy level is calculated by first obtaining bandgap energy with a UV-Vis spectrometer (Shimadzu Corporation) and then, using the bandgap energy and the HOMO energy level. 
     The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Energy 
               
               
                   
                 HOMO (eV) 
                 LUMO (eV) 
                 bandgap (eV) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Synthesis Example 1 
                 5.21 
                 2.88 
                 2.33 
               
               
                 Synthesis Example 2 
                 5.83 
                 3.50 
                 2.33 
               
               
                 Synthesis Example 3 
                 5.06 
                 2.80 
                 2.26 
               
               
                 Synthesis Example 4 
                 5.82 
                 3.33 
                 2.49 
               
               
                 Reference Example 1 
                 6.40 
                 4.23 
                 2.17 
               
               
                 Reference Example 2 
                 5.00 
                 1.40 
                 3.60 
               
               
                 Reference Example 3 
                 5.97 
                 2.49 
                 2.78 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 * HOMO, LUMO: absolute value 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Energy 
               
               
                   
                 HOMO (eV) 
                 LUMO (eV) 
                 bandgap (eV) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Synthesis Example 5 
                 5.66 
                 3.70 
                 1.96 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 
     Manufacture of Sensor I 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Al (10 nm), ITO (100 nm), and Al (8 nm) are sequentially deposited on a glass substrate to form a lower electrode (work function: 4.9 eV) having an Al/ITO/Al structure. Subsequently, N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine is deposited on the lower electrode to form a hole auxiliary layer (HOMO: 5.3 eV to 5.6 eV, LUMO: 2.0 eV to 2.3 eV). Subsequently, Compound 2A (p-type semiconductor) according to Synthesis Example 5 is deposited on the hole auxiliary layer to form a 10 nm-thick p-type semiconductor layer, and Compound A (n-type semiconductor) of Synthesis Example 1 is deposited to form a 40 nm-thick n-type semiconductor layer thereon, obtaining a double-layered photoelectric conversion layer (λ max =530 nm). On the photoelectric conversion layer, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline is deposited to form an electron auxiliary layer (HOMO: 6.1-6.4 eV, LUMO: 2.9-3.2 eV). Subsequently, on the electron auxiliary layer, magnesium and silver are deposited to form an Mg:Ag upper electrode, and thus manufacturing a sensor. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Al (10 nm), ITO (100 nm), and Al (8 nm) are sequentially deposited on a glass substrate to form a lower electrode (work function: 4.9 eV) having an Al/ITO/Al structure. Subsequently, N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine is deposited on the lower electrode to form a hole auxiliary layer (HOMO: 5.3 eV to 5.6 eV, LUMO: 2.0 eV to 2.3 eV). Subsequently, Compound 2A (p-type semiconductor) according to Synthesis Example 5 is deposited on the hole auxiliary layer to form an 8 nm-thick p-type semiconductor layer, and Compound B (n-type semiconductor) of Synthesis Example 2 is deposited to form a 34 nm-thick n-type semiconductor layer thereon, obtaining a double-layered photoelectric conversion layer (  8   max =530 nm). On the photoelectric conversion layer, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline is deposited to form an electron auxiliary layer (HOMO: 6.1-6.4 eV, LUMO: 2.9-3.2 eV). Subsequently, on the electron auxiliary layer, magnesium and silver are deposited to form an Mg:Ag upper electrode, and thus manufacturing a sensor. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     A sensor is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound C of Synthesis Example 3 is deposited instead of Compound A of Synthesis Example 1 to form a 40 nm-thick n-type semiconductor layer. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     A sensor is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that Compound D of Synthesis Example 4 is deposited instead of Compound B of Synthesis Example 2 to form a 34 nm-thick n-type semiconductor layer. 
     Evaluation Ill 
     The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the sensors according to Examples are evaluated. 
     The photoelectric conversion efficiency is evaluated by allowing the sensors according to Examples to stand at 85° C. for 1 hour and then, measuring external quantum efficiency (EQE) thereof. The EQE is evaluated by IPCE (Incident Photon to Current Efficiency) at a wavelength of 450 nm (blue), 530 nm (green), and 630 nm (red). 
     The results are shown in Table 5. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 EQE (@3 V, %), 85° C. 1 h 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 EQE (450 nm) 
                 EQE (530 nm) 
                 EQE (630 nm) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 1 
                 4.9 
                 14.2 
                 0.0 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 0.2 
                 7.2 
                 0.1 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 6.4 
                 51.8 
                 0.1 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 3.23 
                 20.7 
                 0.0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Referring to Table 5, the sensors according to Examples exhibit improved photoelectric conversion efficiency in a green wavelength spectrum and in addition, higher photoelectric conversion efficiency at a green wavelength than at a blue wavelength or a red wavelength and thus high wavelength selectivity. 
     Evaluation IV 
     The dark currents under a reverse bias voltage of the sensors according to Examples are evaluated. 
     The dark current is evaluated by dark current density obtained by dividing a dark current measured with a current-voltage evaluation equipment (Keithley K4200 parameter analyzer) by a unit pixel area (0.04 cm 2 ), and the dark current density is evaluated from a current, when a reverse bias of −3 V is applied thereto. 
     The results are shown in Table 6. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dark current (mA/cm 2 ) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example 1 
                 3.6 × 10 −6   
               
               
                   
                 Example 2 
                 1.8 × 10 −6   
               
               
                   
                 Example 3 
                 2.3 × 10 −6   
               
               
                   
                 Example 4 
                 1.8 × 10 −6   
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Referring to Table 6, the sensors according to Examples exhibit a relatively low dark current when a reverse bias is applied thereto. 
     Simulation Evaluation 
     A photoelectric conversion layer which is a bilayer of a p-type semiconductor layer and an n-type semiconductor layer is evaluated with respect to an electron mobility rate of various n-type semiconductors belonging to Chemical Formula 1 through a simulation. 
     The electron mobility rate is evaluated by using a software (Materials Science Suite, Schrödinger, Inc.) to measure electron hopping from the p-type semiconductor layer to the n-type semiconductor layer and from the n-type semiconductor layer to the p-type semiconductor layer in a molecular dynamics method, assuming a bilayer structure into which 600 molecules of a p-type semiconductor in the p-type semiconductor layer and an n-type semiconductor in the n-type semiconductor layer are respectively introduced. 
     After the p-type semiconductor layer absorbs light, excitons are generated but charge-separated at the interface of the p-type semiconductor layer and the n-type semiconductor layer to generate electrons and holes, wherein the electrons may move from the p-type semiconductor layer to the n-type semiconductor layer and then, reach an electrode through the n-type semiconductor layer. Herein, an electron mobility coefficient of the electrons moving from the p-type semiconductor layer to the n-type semiconductor layer is defined as K pn . On the other hand, a portion of the electrons moved to the n-type semiconductor layer may return to the p-type semiconductor layer, which is called to be a reverse current, wherein the electrons from the reverse current are recombined with holes and disappear. At this time, an electron mobility coefficient of the electrons moving backward from the n-type semiconductor layer to the p-type semiconductor layer is defined as K np . The electron mobility coefficient (K pn , K np ) is calculated according to Density Functional Theory (DFT) using B3LYP/LAC V3P**. The electron mobility rate may be evaluated as log (k pn /k np ), wherein as the electron mobility rate is higher, electron mobility is excellent. 
     The results are shown in Table 7. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Evaluation 
                 p-type 
                 n-type 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Example Nos. 
                 semiconductor 
                 semiconductor 
                 K pn   
                 K np   
                 log(K pn /K np ) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound A 
                 2.7 × 10 12   
                 4.9 × 10 10   
                 1.7 
               
               
                 2 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound C 
                 2.9 × 10 12   
                 4.4 × 10 10   
                 1.8 
               
               
                 3 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound E 
                 2.7 × 10 12   
                 4.7 × 10 8    
                 3.8 
               
               
                 4 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound F 
                 3.8 × 10 12   
                 1.5 × 10 9    
                 3.4 
               
               
                 5 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound G 
                 4.4 × 10 12   
                 2.6 × 10 8    
                 4.2 
               
               
                 6 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound H 
                 2.1 × 10 12   
                 5.5 × 10 9    
                 2.6 
               
               
                 7 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound I 
                 1.9 × 10 12   
                 2.3 × 10 8    
                 3.9 
               
               
                 8 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound J 
                 3.6 × 10 12   
                 8.0 × 10 7    
                 4.7 
               
               
                 9 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound K 
                 1.8 × 10 12   
                 1.4 × 10 9    
                 3.1 
               
               
                 10 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound L 
                 5.4 × 10 12   
                 1.3 × 10 10   
                 2.6 
               
               
                 11 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound M 
                 1.6 × 10 12   
                 1.4 × 10 10   
                 2.1 
               
               
                 Ref. 1 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound Z-2 
                 2.5 × 10 12   
                 1.8 × 10 12   
                 0.1 
               
               
                 Ref. 2 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound Z-3 
                   3 × 10 12   
                 1.2 × 10 12   
                 0.7 
               
               
                 Ref. 3 
                 Compound 2A 
                 Compound Z-4 
                 3.9 × 10 10   
                 4.0 × 10 12   
                 −2.0 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Referring to Table 7, the evaluation Examples (Nos. 1 to 11) using various n-type semiconductors belonging to Chemical Formula 1 exhibit satisfactory electron mobility rate. 
     While the inventive concepts have been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical example embodiments, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts are not limited to such example embodiments. On the contrary, the inventive concepts are intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.