Patent Publication Number: US-2023163469-A1

Title: Electronic device comprising antenna

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application a bypass continuation application of International Application No. PCT/KR2021/009490, filed on Jul. 22, 2021, which is based on and claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0091136, filed on Jul. 22, 2020, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     The disclosure relates to an electronic device including an antenna. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     With the development of wireless communication technology, a connectivity technology in which an electronic device is connected to an external device and provides various functions has emerged. For example, an electronic device may detect the position of the electronic device itself or an external device (e.g., an Internet of Things (IoT) device) based on wireless communication of the electronic device with the external device. The electronic device may control various functions of the external device based on the detected location or may provide various position-based services to a user possessing the electronic device. 
     In order to precisely detect the position of the electronic device and/or the position of an external electronic device, an ultra-wideband (e.g., UWB) communication technology is applied. 
     An antenna for UWB communication may be provided on a printed circuit board (PCB) including three layers. On the first layer of the PCB, a first patch operating at a first center frequency (e.g., 6.5 GHz), or a second patch having a smaller area than the first patch and operating at a second center frequency (e.g., 8 GHz) higher than the first center frequency may be disposed. On the second layer of the PCB, a shorting wall or a feed line located between the first patch and the second patch may be disposed. The feed line may be branched from the second layer of the PCB and connected to the first patch and the second patch disposed on the first layer via a via hole. On the third layer of the PCB, a ground for the first patch, the second patch, and the power supply line may be disposed. 
     A plurality of antennas may be provided for positioning an external device. For example, three antennas having the above-described structure may be included in an electronic device. 
     Since the above-described antenna uses a feed structure via a via hole in a three-layer PCB structure for feeding a dual band patch antenna, there may be restrictions on the thickness. Further, since the antenna has a complex multi-layer structure, the manufacturing cost of the antenna is high, and a space for mounting the antenna in an electronic device may be insufficient. Further still, since the polarization of the antenna is fixed, it may be difficult to adaptively perform communication in various communication environments, for example, a communication-poor environment according to a mounting direction of the electronic device. 
     SUMMARY 
     Provided is an electronic device capable of transmitting and/or receiving RF signals having various frequency bands and/or various polarization characteristics through an antenna including at least one conductive patch. 
     According to an aspect of the disclosure, an electronic device includes: a first antenna; and at least one processor operatively coupled to the first antenna, wherein the first antenna includes: a first conductive patch disposed on a first layer; a first transmission line disposed on the first layer and electrically connected to the first conductive patch; a ground disposed on the second layer; and a dielectric body disposed on a third layer between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the first conductive patch has a shape of a rectangle in which a first corner portion of the rectangle and a second corner portion of the rectangle are removed, the first corner portion and the second corner portion have a same size, and the second corner portion is located in a diagonal direction relative to the first corner portion, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to transmit or receive at least one of a first radio frequency (RF) signal of a first frequency band having a first polarization characteristic and a second RF signal of a second frequency band having a second polarization characteristic that is different from the first polarization characteristic by feeding power to the first conductive patch via the first transmission line. 
     The first conductive patch may include: a first slot extending through a center of the first conductive patch; and a second slot extending from an edge of the first conductive patch to an inner portion of the first conductive patch in a direction perpendicular to the edge. 
     The electronic device may further include: a second conductive patch disposed on the first layer; a second transmission line disposed on the first layer and electrically connected to the second conductive patch; a third conductive patch disposed on the first layer; and a third transmission line disposed on the first layer and electrically connected to a point of the third conductive patch, each of the second conductive patch and the third conductive patch has a shape that is the same as the shape of the first conductive patch, and the at least one processor is further configured to transmit or receive at least one of the first RF signal and the second RF signal by feeding power to the second conductive patch via the second transmission line and feeding power to the third conductive patch via the third transmission line. 
     The first conductive patch, the second conductive patch, and the third conductive patch are spaced apart from each other, and the first conductive patch, the second conductive patch, and the third conductive patch are disposed such that a line segment interconnecting the center of the first conductive patch and a center the second conductive patch and a line segment interconnecting the center of the second conductive patch and a center of the third conductive patch are not parallel to each other. 
     The first conductive patch and the second conductive patch may face each other in areas from which a corner portion of the first conductive patch and corner portion of the second conductive patch are removed. 
     The first polarization characteristic and the second polarization characteristic may be substantially orthogonal to each other, and the first frequency band and the second frequency band are different from each other. 
     The first antenna may include: a first patch disposed in a first area corresponding to the first corner portion; a first switch disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the first patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the first patch; a second patch disposed in the first area; a second switch disposed in an electrical path between the first patch and the second patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first patch and the second patch; a third patch disposed in a second area corresponding to the second corner portion; a third switch disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the third patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the third patch; a fourth patch disposed in the second area; and a fourth switch disposed in an electrical path between the third patch and the fourth patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the third patch and the fourth patch, and the first switch, the first patch, the second switch, the second patch, the third switch, the third patch, the fourth switch, and the fourth patch are located on a diagonal line interconnecting the first corner portion and the second corner portion. 
     The at least one processor may be further configured to: transmit or receive the first RF signal of the first frequency band having the first polarization characteristic and the second RF signal of the second frequency band having the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the polarization characteristic and being higher than the first frequency band, in a first state in which the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch are all turned off; and transmit or receive the first RF signal and a third RF signal of a third frequency band having the second polarization characteristic and being higher than the second frequency band, in a second state in which the first switch and the third switch are turned on and the second switch and the fourth switch are turned off; and transmit or receive the first RF signal and a fourth RF signal of a fourth frequency band having the second polarization characteristic and being higher than the third frequency band, in a third state in which the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch are turned off 
     At least one of the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch may include a PIN diode. 
     The shape of the first conductive patch may be the rectangle in which the first corner portion, the second corner portion, a third corner portion of the rectangle, and a fourth corner portion of the rectangle are removed, the first corner portion, the second corner portion, the third corner portion, and the fourth corner portion have the same size, and the fourth corner portion is located in a diagonal direction relative to the third corner portion, the first antenna may include: a first patch disposed in a first area corresponding to the first corner portion; a first switch disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the first patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the first patch; a second patch disposed in a second area corresponding to the second corner portion; a second switch disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the second patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the second patch; a third patch disposed in a third area corresponding to the third corner portion; a third switch disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the third patch in the third area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the third patch; a fourth patch disposed in a fourth area corresponding to the fourth corner portion; and a fourth switch disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the fourth patch in the fourth area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the fourth patch, the third switch, the third patch, the fourth switch, and the fourth patch are located on a first diagonal line interconnecting the third corner portion and the fourth corner portion, and the first switch, the first patch, the second switch, and the second patch are located on a second diagonal line interconnecting the first corner portion and the second corner portion. 
     The at least one processor may be further configured to transmit or receive a third RF signal of a third frequency band having a third polarization characteristic that is different from the first polarization characteristic and the second polarization characteristic, in a first state in which the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch are turned off, and the third polarization characteristic of the third RF signal is a circular polarization characteristic. 
     The at least one processor may be further configured to transmit or receive a fourth RF signal of a fourth frequency band having the third polarization characteristic, in a fourth state in which the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch are turned on, and 
     the fourth frequency band of the fourth RF signal is lower than the third frequency band of the third RF signal. 
     The at least one processor may be further configured to transmit and/or receive the first RF signal and the second RF signal in a second state in which the first switch and the second switch are turned off and the third switch and the fourth switch are turned on, the second polarization characteristic of the second RF signal is substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic of the first RF signal, and the second frequency band of the second RF signal is higher than the first frequency band of the first RF signal. 
     The at least one processor may be further configured to transmit or receive the first RF signal and the second RF signal in a third state in which the first switch and the second switch are turned on and the third switch and the fourth switch are turned off, the second polarization characteristic of the second RF signal is substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic of the first RF signal, and the second frequency band of the second RF signal is lower than the first frequency band of the first RF signal. 
     The shape of the first conductive patch may be the rectangle in which the first corner portion, the second corner portion, a third corner portion of the rectangle, and a fourth corner portion of the rectangle are removed, the first corner portion, the second corner portion, the third corner portion, and the fourth corner portion have the same size, and the fourth corner portion is located in a diagonal direction relative to the third corner portion, the first antenna may include: a first patch disposed in a first area corresponding to the first corner portion; a first switch disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the first patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the first patch; a second patch disposed in the first area; a second switch disposed in an electrical path between the first patch and the second patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first patch and the second patch; a third patch disposed in the first area in a direction from the second patch toward the third corner portion; a third switch disposed in an electrical path between the second patch and the third patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the second patch and the third patch; a fourth patch disposed in the first area in a direction from the second patch toward the fourth corner portion; a fourth switch disposed in an electrical path between the second patch and the fourth patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the second patch and the fourth patch; a fifth patch disposed in a second area corresponding to the second corner portion; a fifth switch disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the fifth patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the fifth patch; a sixth patch disposed in the second area; a sixth switch disposed in an electrical path between the fifth patch and the sixth patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the fifth patch and the sixth patch; a seventh patch disposed in the second area in a direction from the sixth patch toward the fourth corner portion; a seventh switch disposed in an electrical path between the sixth patch and the seventh patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the sixth patch and the seventh patch; an eighth patch disposed in the second area in a direction from the sixth patch toward the third corner portion; an eighth switch disposed in an electrical path between the sixth patch and the eighth patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the sixth patch and the eighth patch; a ninth patch disposed in a third area corresponding to the third corner portion; a ninth switch disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the ninth patch in the third area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the ninth patch; a tenth patch disposed in the third area; a tenth switch disposed in an electrical path between the ninth patch and the tenth patch in the third area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the ninth patch and the tenth patch; an eleventh patch disposed in the third area in a direction from the tenth patch toward the first corner portion; an eleventh switch disposed in an electrical path between the tenth patch and the eleventh patch in the third area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the tenth patch and the eleventh patch; a twelfth patch disposed in the third area in a direction from the tenth patch toward the second corner portion; a twelfth switch disposed in an electrical path between the tenth patch and the twelfth patch in the third area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the tenth patch and the twelfth patch; a thirteenth patch disposed in a fourth area corresponding to the fourth corner portion; a thirteenth switch disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the thirteenth patch in the fourth area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the thirteenth patch; a fourteenth patch disposed in the fourth area; a fourteenth switch disposed in an electrical path between the thirteenth patch and the fourteenth patch in the fourth area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the thirteenth patch and the fourteenth patch; a fifteenth patch disposed in the fourth area in a direction from the fourteenth patch toward the second corner portion; a fifteenth switch disposed in an electrical path between the fourteenth patch and the fifteenth patch in the fourth area, and configured to selectively electrically connect the fourteenth patch and the fifteenth patch; a sixteenth patch disposed in the fourth area in a direction from the fourteenth patch toward the first corner portion; and a sixteenth switch disposed in an electrical path between the fourteenth patch and the sixteenth patch in the fourth area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the fourteenth patch and the sixteenth patch, the ninth switch, the ninth patch, the tenth switch, the tenth patch, the thirteenth switch, the thirteenth patch, the fourteenth switch, and the fourteenth patch are located on a first diagonal line interconnecting the third corner portion and the fourth corner portion, and the first switch, the first patch, the second switch, the second patch, the fifteenth switch, the fifteenth patch, the sixteenth switch, and the sixteenth patch are located on a second diagonal line interconnecting the first corner portion and the second corner portion. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram of an electronic device according to various embodiments in a network environment; 
         FIG.  2    is a simplified block diagram of an electronic device according to an 
       embodiment; 
         FIG.  3    is a view illustrating an electronic device according to an embodiment in an unfolded state; 
         FIG.  4    is a view illustrating the electronic device according to an embodiment in a folded state; 
         FIG.  5    is a view illustrating the inside of an electronic device according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  6 A  illustrates an antenna according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  6 B  illustrates graphs showing radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  6 C  is a view illustrating polarization characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  6 D  is a view illustrating a feed scheme of an antenna according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  6 E  is a view illustrating a feed scheme of an antenna according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  6 F  is a view illustrating a feed scheme of an antenna according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  7 A  illustrates an antenna structure according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  7 B  illustrates the conductive patch of  FIG.  7 A ; 
         FIG.  7 C  illustrates areas according to the shapes of conductive patches according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  7 D  illustrates graphs showing radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  7 E  is a view illustrating polarization characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  8 A  illustrates an antenna according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  8 B  shows radiation characteristics of an antenna according to the connection states of switches according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  9 A  illustrates an antenna according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  9 B  shows radiation characteristics of an antenna according to the connection states of switches according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  9 C  is a graph illustrating axial ratios of an antenna according to an embodiment in a first state and a fourth state; 
         FIG.  10 A  illustrates an antenna according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  10 B  illustrates radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment in first, second, third, and fourth states; 
         FIG.  10 C  illustrates radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment in fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth states; 
         FIG.  10 D  illustrates radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment in ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth states; 
         FIG.  10 E  illustrates radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment in thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth states; 
         FIG.  10 F  is a graph illustrating axial ratios of an antenna according to an embodiment in the first, sixth, eleventh, and sixteenth states; 
         FIG.  11    illustrates a switch circuit including a PIN diode according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  12    illustrates the electronic device according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  13    illustrates an electronic device according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  14    illustrates the electronic device according to an embodiment; and 
         FIG.  15    is a flowchart illustrating operations of controlling, by an electronic device according to an embodiment, a channel and/or a polarization of an antenna. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     It should be appreciated that various embodiments of the present disclosure and the terms used therein are not intended to limit the technological features set forth herein to particular embodiments and include various changes, equivalents, or replacements for a corresponding embodiment. With regard to the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to refer to similar or related elements. It is to be understood that a singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the things, unless the relevant context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, each of such phrases as “A or B,” “at least one of A and B,” “at least one of A or B,” “A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” and “at least one of A, B, or C,” may include any one of, or all possible combinations of the items enumerated together in a corresponding one of the phrases. As used herein, such terms as “1st” and “2nd,” or “first” and “second” may be used to simply distinguish a corresponding component from another, and does not limit the components in other aspect (e.g., importance or order). It is to be understood that if an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to, with or without the term “operatively” or “communicatively”, as “coupled with,” “coupled to,” “connected with,” or “connected to” another element (e.g., a second element), it means that the element may be coupled with the other element directly (e.g., wiredly), wirelessly, or via a third element. 
     As used in connection with various embodiments of the disclosure, the term “module” may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may interchangeably be used with other terms, for example, “logic,” “logic block,” “part,” or “circuitry”. A module may be a single integral component, or a minimum unit or part thereof, adapted to perform one or more functions. For example, according to an embodiment, the module may be implemented in a form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device  101  in a network environment  100  according to various embodiments. Referring to  FIG.  1   , the electronic device  101  in the network environment  100  may communicate with an electronic device  102  via a first network  198  (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network), or at least one of an electronic device  104  or a server  108  via a second network  199  (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network). According to an embodiment, the electronic device  101  may communicate with the electronic device  104  via the server  108 . According to an embodiment, the electronic device  101  may include a processor  120 , memory  130 , an input module  150 , a sound output module  155 , a display module  160 , an audio module  170 , a sensor module  176 , an interface  177 , a connecting terminal  178 , a haptic module  179 , a camera module  180 , a power management module  188 , a battery  189 , a communication module  190 , a subscriber identification module(SIM)  196 , or an antenna module  197 . In some embodiments, at least one of the components (e.g., the connecting terminal  178 ) may be omitted from the electronic device  101 , or one or more other components may be added in the electronic device  101 . In some embodiments, some of the components (e.g., the sensor module  176 , the camera module  180 , or the antenna module  197 ) may be implemented as a single component (e.g., the display module  160 ). 
     The processor  120  may execute, for example, software (e.g., a program  140 ) to control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or software component) of the electronic device  101  coupled with the processor  120 , and may perform various data processing or computation. According to one embodiment, as at least part of the data processing or computation, the processor  120  may store a command or data received from another component (e.g., the sensor module  176  or the communication module  190 ) in volatile memory  132 , process the command or the data stored in the volatile memory  132 , and store resulting data in non-volatile memory  134 . According to an embodiment, the processor  120  may include a main processor  121  (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) or an application processor (AP)), or an auxiliary processor  123  (e.g., a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor (CP)) that is operable independently from, or in conjunction with, the main processor  121 . For example, when the electronic device  101  includes the main processor  121  and the auxiliary processor  123 , the auxiliary processor  123  may be adapted to consume less power than the main processor  121 , or to be specific to a specified function. The auxiliary processor  123  may be implemented as separate from, or as part of the main processor  121 . 
     The auxiliary processor  123  may control at least some of functions or states related to at least one component (e.g., the display module  160 , the sensor module  176 , or the communication module  190 ) among the components of the electronic device  101 , instead of the main processor  121  while the main processor  121  is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state, or together with the main processor  121  while the main processor  121  is in an active state (e.g., executing an application). According to an embodiment, the auxiliary processor  123  (e.g., an image signal processor or a communication processor) may be implemented as part of another component (e.g., the camera module  180  or the communication module  190 ) functionally related to the auxiliary processor  123 . According to an embodiment, the auxiliary processor  123  (e.g., the neural processing unit) may include a hardware structure specified for artificial intelligence model processing. An artificial intelligence model may be generated by machine learning. Such learning may be performed, e.g., by the electronic device  101  where the artificial intelligence is performed or via a separate server (e.g., the server  108 ). Learning algorithms may include, but are not limited to, e.g., supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or reinforcement learning. The artificial intelligence model may include a plurality of artificial neural network layers. The artificial neural network may be a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a restricted boltzmann machine (RBM), a deep belief network (DBN), a bidirectional recurrent deep neural network (BRDNN), deep Q-network or a combination of two or more thereof but is not limited thereto. The artificial intelligence model may, additionally or alternatively, include a software structure other than the hardware structure. 
     The memory  130  may store various data used by at least one component (e.g., the processor  120  or the sensor module  176 ) of the electronic device  101 . The various data may include, for example, software (e.g., the program  140 ) and input data or output data for a command related thererto. The memory  130  may include the volatile memory  132  or the non-volatile memory  134 . 
     The program  140  may be stored in the memory  130  as software, and may include, for example, an operating system (OS)  142 , middleware  144 , or an application  146 . 
     The input module  150  may receive a command or data to be used by another component (e.g., the processor  120 ) of the electronic device  101 , from the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic device  101 . The input module  150  may include, for example, a microphone, a mouse, a keyboard, a key (e.g., a button), or a digital pen (e.g., a stylus pen). 
     The sound output module  155  may output sound signals to the outside of the electronic device  101 . The sound output module  155  may include, for example, a speaker or a receiver. The speaker may be used for general purposes, such as playing multimedia or playing record. The receiver may be used for receiving incoming calls. According to an embodiment, the receiver may be implemented as separate from, or as part of the speaker. 
     The display module  160  may visually provide information to the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic device  101 . The display module  160  may include, for example, a display, a hologram device, or a projector and control circuitry to control a corresponding one of the display, hologram device, and projector. According to an embodiment, the display module  160  may include a touch sensor adapted to detect a touch, or a pressure sensor adapted to measure the intensity of force incurred by the touch. 
     The audio module  170  may convert a sound into an electrical signal and vice versa. According to an embodiment, the audio module  170  may obtain the sound via the input module  150 , or output the sound via the sound output module  155  or a headphone of an external electronic device (e.g., an electronic device  102 ) directly (e.g., wiredly) or wirelessly coupled with the electronic device  101 . 
     The sensor module  176  may detect an operational state (e.g., power or temperature) of the electronic device  101  or an environmental state (e.g., a state of a user) external to the electronic device  101 , and then generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected state. According to an embodiment, the sensor module  176  may include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor. 
     The interface  177  may support one or more specified protocols to be used for the electronic device  101  to be coupled with the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  102 ) directly (e.g., wiredly) or wirelessly. According to an embodiment, the interface  177  may include, for example, a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a secure digital (SD) card interface, or an audio interface. 
     A connecting terminal  178  may include a connector via which the electronic device  101  may be physically connected with the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  102 ). According to an embodiment, the connecting terminal  178  may include, for example, a HDMI connector, a USB connector, a SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector). 
     The haptic module  179  may convert an electrical signal into a mechanical stimulus (e.g., a vibration or a movement) or electrical stimulus which may be recognized by a user via his tactile sensation or kinesthetic sensation. According to an embodiment, the haptic module  179  may include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electric stimulator. 
     The camera module  180  may capture a still image or moving images. According to an embodiment, the camera module  180  may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes. 
     The power management module  188  may manage power supplied to the electronic device  101 . According to one embodiment, the power management module  188  may be implemented as at least part of, for example, a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). 
     The battery  189  may supply power to at least one component of the electronic device  101 . According to an embodiment, the battery  189  may include, for example, a primary cell which is not rechargeable, a secondary cell which is rechargeable, or a fuel cell. 
     The communication module  190  may support establishing a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between the electronic device  101  and the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  102 , the electronic device  104 , or the server  108 ) and performing communication via the established communication channel. The communication module  190  may include one or more communication processors that are operable independently from the processor  120  (e.g., the application processor (AP)) and supports a direct (e.g., wired) communication or a wireless communication. According to an embodiment, the communication module  190  may include a wireless communication module  192  (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module  194  (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module or a power line communication (PLC) module). A corresponding one of these communication modules may communicate with the external electronic device via the first network  198  (e.g., a short-range communication network, such as Bluetooth™, wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) direct, or infrared data association (IrDA)) or the second network  199  (e.g., a long-range communication network, such as a legacy cellular network, a 5G network, a next-generation communication network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., LAN or wide area network (WAN)). These various types of communication modules may be implemented as a single component (e.g., a single chip), or may be implemented as multi components (e.g., multi chips) separate from each other. The wireless communication module  192  may identify and authenticate the electronic device  101  in a communication network, such as the first network  198  or the second network  199 , using subscriber information (e.g., international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)) stored in the subscriber identification module  196 . 
     The wireless communication module  192  may support a 5G network, after a 4G network, and next-generation communication technology, e.g., new radio (NR) access technology. The NR access technology may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), or ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). The wireless communication module  192  may support a high-frequency band (e.g., the mmWave band) to achieve, e.g., a high data transmission rate. The wireless communication module  192  may support various technologies for securing performance on a high-frequency band, such as, e.g., beamforming, massive multiple-input and multiple-output (massive MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beam-forming, or large scale antenna. The wireless communication module  192  may support various requirements specified in the electronic device  101 , an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  104 ), or a network system (e.g., the second network  199 ). According to an embodiment, the wireless communication module  192  may support a peak data rate (e.g., 20 Gbps or more) for implementing eMBB, loss coverage (e.g., 164 dB or less) for implementing mMTC, or U-plane latency (e.g., 0.5 ms or less for each of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), or a round trip of 1 ms or less) for implementing URLLC. 
     The antenna module  197  may transmit or receive a signal or power to or from the outside (e.g., the external electronic device) of the electronic device  101 . According to an embodiment, the antenna module  197  may include an antenna including a radiating element composed of a conductive material or a conductive pattern formed in or on a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board (PCB)). According to an embodiment, the antenna module  197  may include a plurality of antennas (e.g., array antennas). In such a case, at least one antenna appropriate for a communication scheme used in the communication network, such as the first network  198  or the second network  199 , may be selected, for example, by the communication module  190  (e.g., the wireless communication module  192 ) from the plurality of antennas. The signal or the power may then be transmitted or received between the communication module  190  and the external electronic device via the selected at least one antenna. According to an embodiment, another component (e.g., a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)) other than the radiating element may be additionally formed as part of the antenna module  197 . According to various embodiments, the antenna module  197  may form a mmWave antenna module. According to an embodiment, the mmWave antenna module may include a printed circuit board, a RFIC disposed on a first surface (e.g., the bottom surface) of the printed circuit board, or adjacent to the first surface and capable of supporting a designated high-frequency band (e.g., the mmWave band), and a plurality of antennas (e.g., array antennas) disposed on a second surface (e.g., the top or a side surface) of the printed circuit board, or adjacent to the second surface and capable of transmitting or receiving signals of the designated high-frequency band. 
     At least some of the above-described components may be coupled mutually and communicate signals (e.g., commands or data) therebetween via an inter-peripheral communication scheme (e.g., a bus, general purpose input and output (GPIO), serial peripheral interface (SPI), or mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)). 
     According to an embodiment, commands or data may be transmitted or received between the electronic device  101  and the external electronic device  104  via the server  108  coupled with the second network  199 . Each of the electronic devices  102  or  104  may be a device of a same type as, or a different type, from the electronic device  101 . According to an embodiment, all or some of operations to be executed at the electronic device  101  may be executed at one or more of the external electronic devices  102 ,  104 , or  108 . For example, if the electronic device  101  should perform a function or a service automatically, or in response to a request from a user or another device, the electronic device  101 , instead of, or in addition to, executing the function or the service, may request the one or more external electronic devices to perform at least part of the function or the service. The one or more external electronic devices receiving the request may perform the at least part of the function or the service requested, or an additional function or an additional service related to the request, and transfer an outcome of the performing to the electronic device  101 . The electronic device  101  may provide the outcome, with or without further processing of the outcome, as at least part of a reply to the request. To that end, a cloud computing, distributed computing, mobile edge computing (MEC), or client-server computing technology may be used, for example. The electronic device  101  may provide ultra low-latency services using, e.g., distributed computing or mobile edge computing. In another embodiment, the external electronic device  104  may include an internet-of-things (IoT) device. The server  108  may be an intelligent server using machine learning and/or a neural network. According to an embodiment, the external electronic device  104  or the server  108  may be included in the second network  199 . The electronic device  101  may be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart city, smart car, or healthcare) based on 5G communication technology or IoT-related technology. 
     The electronic device according to various embodiments may be one of various types of electronic devices. The electronic devices may include, for example, a portable communication device (e.g., a smartphone), a computer device, a portable multimedia device, a portable medical device, a camera, a wearable device, or a home appliance. However, the electronic devices of embodiments of the disclosure are not limited to those described above. 
     It should be appreciated that various embodiments of the present disclosure and the terms used therein are not intended to limit the technological features set forth herein to particular embodiments and include various changes, equivalents, or replacements for a corresponding embodiment. With regard to the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to refer to similar or related elements. It is to be understood that a singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the things, unless the relevant context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, each of such phrases as “A or B,” “at least one of A and B,” “at least one of A or B,” “A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” and “at least one of A, B, or C,” may include any one of, or all possible combinations of the items enumerated together in a corresponding one of the phrases. As used herein, such terms as “1st” and “2nd,” or “first” and “second” may be used to simply distinguish a corresponding component from another, and does not limit the components in other aspect (e.g., importance or order). It is to be understood that if an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to, with or without the term “operatively” or “communicatively”, as “coupled with,” “coupled to,” “connected with,” or “connected to” another element (e.g., a second element), it means that the element may be coupled with the other element directly (e.g., wiredly), wirelessly, or via a third element. 
     As used in connection with various embodiments of the disclosure, the term “module” may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may interchangeably be used with other terms, for example, “logic,” “logic block,” “part,” or “circuitry”. A module may be a single integral component, or a minimum unit or part thereof, adapted to perform one or more functions. For example, according to an embodiment, the module may be implemented in a form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). 
     Various embodiments as set forth herein may be implemented as software (e.g., the program  140 ) including one or more instructions that are stored in a storage medium (e.g., internal memory  136  or external memory  138 ) that is readable by a machine (e.g., the electronic device  101 ). For example, a processor (e.g., the processor  120 ) of the machine (e.g., the electronic device  101 ) may invoke at least one of the one or more instructions stored in the storage medium, and execute it, with or without using one or more other components under the control of the processor. This allows the machine to be operated to perform at least one function according to the at least one instruction invoked. The one or more instructions may include a code generated by a compiler or a code executable by an interpreter. The machine-readable storage medium may be provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium. Wherein, the term “non-transitory” simply means that the storage medium is a tangible device, and does not include a signal (e.g., an electromagnetic wave), but this term does not differentiate between where data is semi-permanently stored in the storage medium and where the data is temporarily stored in the storage medium. 
     According to an embodiment, a method according to various embodiments of the disclosure may be included and provided in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a product between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM)), or be distributed (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) online via an application store (e.g., PlayStore™), or between two user devices (e.g., smart phones) directly. If distributed online, at least part of the computer program product may be temporarily generated or at least temporarily stored in the machine-readable storage medium, such as memory of the manufacturer&#39;s server, a server of the application store, or a relay server. 
     According to various embodiments, each component (e.g., a module or a program) of the above-described components may include a single entity or multiple entities, and some of the multiple entities may be separately disposed in different components. According to various embodiments, one or more of the above-described components may be omitted, or one or more other components may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., modules or programs) may be integrated into a single component. In such a case, according to various embodiments, the integrated component may still perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components in the same or similar manner as they are performed by a corresponding one of the plurality of components before the integration. According to various embodiments, operations performed by the module, the program, or another component may be carried out sequentially, in parallel, repeatedly, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order or omitted, or one or more other operations may be added. 
       FIG.  2    is a simplified block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment. 
     The electronic device  101  according to an embodiment may include at least one of the components illustrated in  FIG.  1    in addition to the components illustrated in  FIG.  2   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , an electronic device  101  according to an embodiment may include an antenna  250  (e.g., ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna), a UWB integrated circuitry (IC)  292  (e.g.; the wireless communication module  192  in  FIG.  1   ), and/or a sensor unit  276  (e.g., the sensor module  176  in  FIG.  1   ). 
     According to an embodiment, the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna) may include a first antenna  252  and/or a second antenna  254 . In an embodiment, the first antenna  252  may operate as an antenna for transmitting or receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal of a predetermined band. The RF signal of the predetermined band may include, for example, a UWB signal transmitted in a UWB frequency band (e.g., a frequency band having a center frequency of 6 GHz or 8 GHz). The UWB signal may be based on an impulse radio scheme. The UWB signal may have a predetermined bandwidth, for example, a bandwidth of 499 MHz or a bandwidth of 500 MHz or more. However, embodiments of the disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     In an embodiment, the first antenna  252  may operate as an antenna for measuring a distance between the electronic device  101  and an external device  104 . The first antenna  252  may include various types of antenna structures. For example, the first antenna  252  may include a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, a slot antenna, a loop antenna, an inverted-F antenna, a planar inverted-F antenna, and/or an antenna structure in which two or more of these antennas are combined. 
     In an embodiment, the second antenna  254  may operate as an antenna for transmitting or receiving an RF signal of a predetermined band. For example, the second antenna  254  may operate as an antenna for measuring an angle of arrival (AOA) of an RF signal received from the external device  104 . The second antenna  254  may include at least one conductive patch. 
     The first antenna  252  has been described as an antenna for measuring a distance from an external device  104 , and the second antenna  254  has been described as an antenna for measuring the angle of arrival of a signal received from the external device  104 , but embodiments of the disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the first antenna  252  and/or the second antenna  254  may operate as an antenna for measuring a distance and/or an antenna for measuring an angle of arrival. 
     In another embodiment, the first antenna  252  may be omitted. When the first antenna  252  is omitted, for example, the second antenna  254  may operate as an antenna for measuring a distance and an antenna for measuring an angle of arrival. As another example, when the first antenna  252  is omitted, another antenna that is distinguished from the first antenna  252  and the second antenna  254  (e.g., antennas for short-distance communication such as Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth) may operate as an antenna for measuring a distance, and the second antenna  254  may operate as an antenna for measuring an angle of arrival. 
     In an embodiment, the sensor unit  276  may include at least one sensor. For example, the sensor unit  276  may include at least one of a gyro sensor, a magnetic field sensor (or a geomagnetic sensor), and/or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS)). 
     In an embodiment, the UWB IC  292  (or a communication circuit) may be electrically connected to the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna) and/or the sensor unit  276 . The UWB IC  292  may include a processing circuit for controlling the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna). The processing circuit may include at least one processor. In an embodiment, the UWB IC  292  may be at least partially integrated into the processor  120  of  FIG.  1   . In this case, the processor  120  may perform at least some of the functions of the UWB IC  292 . 
     In an embodiment, the UWB IC  292  may detect the position of the external device  104  by using the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna) and/or the sensor unit  276 . The external device  104  may include, for example, various devices capable of wireless communication. For example, the external device  104  may include wearable devices such as a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, an electronic watch, headphones, and earbuds, or a vehicle capable of wireless communication, but is not limited by the above-mentioned examples. 
     Hereinafter, a method for the electronic device  101  to detect the position of the external device  104  will be described. 
     The UWB IC  292  according to an embodiment may measure a distance between the electronic device  101  and the external device  104  based on an RF signal transmitted/received to/from the external device  104 . The UWB IC  292  may transmit/receive a message including time stamp information to/from the external device  104  by using the first antenna  252 . For example, the UWB IC  292  may transmit at least one distance measurement request message including information on a transmission time to the external device  104  by using the first antenna  252 . The external device  104  may transmit at least one distance measurement response message to the electronic device  101  in response to receiving the at least one distance measurement request message. The UWB IC  292  may receive the at least one distance measurement response message by using the first antenna  252  and/or the second antenna  254 . The at least one distance measurement request message and the at least one distance measurement response message may include time information for each transmission/reception time. The UWB IC  292  may determine a round trip time (RTT) required to receive the at least one distance measurement response message after transmitting the at least one distance measurement request message. The UWB IC  292  may determine a reply time, which is a time required for the external device  104  to transmit the at least one distance measurement response message after receiving the at least one distance measurement request message. Based on the RTT and the reply time, the UWB IC  292  may determine a time of flight (TOF), which is a time required for a radio wave to be transmitted from the electronic device  101  and to reach the external device  104  (e.g., (RTT-reply time)÷2). The UWB IC  292  may measure the distance between the electronic device  101  and the external device  104  based on the TOF (e.g., TOF×speed of light). 
     In an embodiment, the UWB IC  292  may measure the angle of arrival (AOA) of the RF signal received from the external device  104  by using the second antenna  254 . For example, when the second antenna  254  includes the first conductive patch and the second conductive patch, the UWB IC  292  may determine a phase difference between the RF signal received by using the first conductive patch and the RF signal received by using the second conductive patch. The UWB IC  292  may determine the angle of arrival of the RF signal received from the external device  104  based on the determined phase difference of the RF signal, the wavelength of the received RF signal, and the physical distance between the first conductive patch and the second conductive patch. 
     In an embodiment, the UWB IC  292  may determine the position of the external device  104  based on the determined distance and the determined angle of arrival. For example, the UWB IC  292  may acquire information on the magnetic north direction by using the sensor unit  276 , and may determine the direction (or azimuth) of the external device  104  based on the acquired information on the magnetic north direction and the determined angle of arrival. The UWB IC  292  may detect the position of the external device  104  based on the determined direction and the determined distance. 
     However, the method for the UWB IC  292  to detect the position of the external device  104  is not limited by the above-described example, and various methods available to those skilled in the art may be applied. 
       FIG.  3    is a view illustrating an electronic device according to an embodiment in an unfolded state. 
       FIG.  4    is a view illustrating the electronic device according to an embodiment in a folded state. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3  and  4   , in an embodiment, the electronic device  101  may include a foldable housing  300 , a hinge cover  330  configured to cover the foldable portion of the foldable housing, and/or a flexible or foldable display  200  (hereinafter, simply referred to as a “display”  200 ) (e.g., the display module  160  in  FIG.  1   ) disposed in the space defined by the foldable housing  300 . The electronic device  101  may include a front surface  315  on which the display  200  is disposed, a rear surface  335  that is opposite to the front surface  315 , and a side surface  325  that surrounds the space between the front surface  315  and the rear surface  335 . 
     In an embodiment, the foldable housing  300  may include a first housing structure  310 , a second housing structure  320  including a sensor area  324 , a first rear surface cover  380 , and/or a second rear surface cover  390 . The foldable housing  300  of the electronic device  101  is not limited to the shape and assembly illustrated in  FIGS.  3  and  4   , but may be implemented by combinations and/or assemblies of other shapes or components. For example, in another embodiment, the first housing structure  310  and the first rear surface cover  380  may be integrated with each other, and the second housing structure  320  and the second rear surface cover  390  may be integrated with each other. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320  may be disposed on opposite sides about a folding axis (axis A), and may have generally symmetrical shapes about the folding axis A. As will be described later, the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320  may have different angles or distances therebetween depending on whether the electronic device  101  is in the unfolded state, in the folded state, or in the intermediate state. In the illustrated state, unlike the first housing structure  310 , the second housing structure  320  may further include the sensor area  324  in which various sensors are disposed, but the first housing structure and the second housing structure may have mutually symmetrical shapes in other areas. In another embodiment, the sensor area  324  may be located in the first housing structure  310 . 
     In an embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG.  2   , the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320  may define together a recess that accommodates the display  200 . In the illustrated embodiment, due to the sensor area  324 , the recess may have two or more different widths in a direction perpendicular to the folding axis A. 
     For example, the recess has a first width W 1  and a second width W 2 . The first width W 1  may mean a space between a first portion  310   a  of the first housing structure  310  parallel to the folding axis A and a first portion  320   a  provided in an edge of the sensor area  324  of the second housing structure  320 . The second width W 2  may be defined by a second portion  310   b  of the first housing structure  310  and a second portion  320   b  of the second housing structure  320  that does not correspond to the sensor area  324  and is parallel to the folding axis A. In this case, the second width W 2  may be longer than the first width Wi. For example, the first portion  310   a  of the first housing structure  310  and the first portion  320   a  of the second housing structure  320 , which are asymmetrical to each other, may define the first width W 1  of the recess, and the second portion  310   b  of the first housing structure  310  and the second portion  320   b  of the second housing structure  320 , which are symmetrical to each other, may define the second width W 2  of the recess. In an embodiment, the first portion  320   a  and the second portion  320   b  of the second housing structure  320  may have different distances from the folding axis A. The widths of the recess are not limited to the illustrated example. In various embodiments, the recess may have multiple widths due to the shape of the sensor area  324  or due to the asymmetrical portions of the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320 . As another example, the sensor area  324  may be omitted, and the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320  may be configured to be substantially symmetrical to each other. 
     In an embodiment, at least a portion of the first housing structure  310  and at least a portion of the second housing structure  320  may be formed of a metal material or a non-metal material having a rigidity of a level selected in order to support the display  200 . 
     According to an embodiment, the sensor area  324  may have a predetermined area adjacent to one corner of the second housing structure  320 . However, the arrangement, shape, and size of the sensor area  324  are not limited to those in the illustrated example. For example, in another embodiment, the sensor area  324  may be provided at another corner of the second housing structure  320  or in any area between the upper and lower end corners. In an embodiment, components embedded in the electronic device  101  to execute various functions may be exposed to the front surface  315  of the electronic device  101  through the sensor area  324  or one or more openings provided in the sensor area  324 . In various embodiments, the components may include various types of sensors. The sensors may include at least one of, for example, a front camera, a receiver, or a proximity sensor. As another example, the sensor area  324  illustrated in the drawing may be omitted, and a display may be located. For example, at least one sensor included in the sensor area  324  may be disposed between the display and the second rear surface cover  390 . 
     The first rear surface cover  380  may be disposed on one side of the folding axis in the rear surface  335  of the electronic device, and may have, for example, a substantially rectangular periphery, which may be enclosed by the first housing structure  310 . As another example, the second rear surface cover  390  may be disposed on the other side of the folding axis of the rear surface  355  of the electronic device, and the periphery of the second rear surface cover  390  may be enclosed by the second housing structure  320 . 
     In an embodiment, the first rear surface cover  380  and the second rear surface cover  390  may have substantially symmetrical shapes about the folding axis (the axis A). However, the first rear surface cover  380  and the second rear surface cover  390  do not necessarily have mutually symmetrical shapes. In another embodiment, the electronic device  101  may include the first rear surface cover  380  and the second rear surface cover  390  having various shapes. In still another embodiment, the first rear surface cover  380  may be configured integrally with the first housing structure  310 , and the second rear surface cover  390  may be configured integrally with the second housing structure  320 . 
     In an embodiment, the first rear surface cover  380 , the second rear surface cover  390 , the first housing structure  310 , and the second housing structure  320  may define a space in which various components (e.g., a printed circuit board or a battery) of the electronic device  101  may be disposed. In an embodiment, one or more components may be disposed or visually exposed on the rear surface  335  of the electronic device  101 . For example, at least a portion of a sub-display  290  may be visually exposed through a first rear surface area  382  of the first rear surface cover  380 . In another embodiment, one or more components or sensors may be visually exposed through a second rear surface area  392  of the second rear surface cover  390 . In various embodiments, the sensors may include a proximity sensor and/or a rear camera. 
     In an embodiment, the electronic device  101  may include a key input device  317 . The key input device  317  may include, for example, a function button such as a volume control button or a power button. According to various embodiments, the key input device  317  may be disposed on the side surface  325  of the electronic device  101 . In another embodiment, the electronic device  101  may not include some of the above-mentioned key input devices  317 , and a key input device, which is not included in the above-mentioned key input devices, may be implemented in another type, such as a soft key, on the display  200 . According to various embodiments, the key input device  317  may include various types of sensor modules. For example, the key input device  317  may include a fingerprint recognition sensor module. The fingerprint recognition sensor module may be mounted on the key input device  317  so that the key input device  317  may be used as a button combined with a fingerprint sensor. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , the hinge cover  330  may be disposed between the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320  to cover internal components (e.g., the hinge structure  340 ). In an embodiment, at least a portion of the hinge cover  330  may be covered by a portion of the first housing structure  310  and a portion of the second housing structure  320 , or may be exposed to the outside depending on whether the electronic device  101  is in the unfolded state (flat state) or in the folded state. 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  3   , when the electronic device  101  is in the unfolded state, the hinge cover  330  may not be exposed by being covered by the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320 . As an example, as illustrated in  FIG.  4   , when the electronic device  101  is in the folded state (e.g., the fully folded state), the hinge cover  330  may be exposed to the outside between the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320 . As an example, when the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320  are in the intermediate state of being folded with a certain angle therebetween, the hinge cover  330  may be partially exposed to the outside between the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320 . However, the area exposed in this case may be smaller than that in the fully folded state. In an embodiment, the hinge cover  330  may include a curved surface. 
     The display  200  may be disposed in a space defined by the foldable housing  300 . For example, the display  200  may be located in the recess defined by the foldable housing  300 , and may provide most of the front surface  315  of the electronic device  101 . 
     In an embodiment, the front surface  315  of the electronic device  101  may include the display  200 , and a partial area of the first housing structure  310  and a partial area of the second housing structure  320 , which are adjacent to the display  200 . In an embodiment, the rear surface  335  of the electronic device  101  may include the first rear surface cover  380 , a partial area of the first housing structure  310  adjacent to the first rear surface cover  380 , the second rear surface cover  390 , and a partial area of the second housing structure  320  adjacent to the second rear surface cover  390 . 
     The display  200  may be a display in which at least a partial area is deformable into a planar surface or a curved surface. In an embodiment, the display  200  may include a folding area  203 , a first area  201  disposed on one side of the folding area  203  (e.g., the left side of the folding area  203  illustrated in  FIG.  2   ) and a second area  202  disposed on the other side of the folding area  203  (e.g., the right side of the folding area  203  illustrated in  FIG.  2   ). 
     The area division of the display  200  illustrated in  FIG.  3    is exemplary, and the display  200  may be divided into multiple areas (e.g., four or more areas, or two areas) depending on the structure or functions thereof. For example, in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  3   , the areas of the display  200  may be divided by the folding area  203  or the folding axis (the axis A) extending parallel to the y axis. However, in another embodiment, the areas of the display  200  may be divided based on another folding area (e.g., a folding area parallel to the x axis) or another folding axis (e.g., a folding axis parallel to the x axis). 
     The first area  201  and the second area  202  may have generally symmetrical shapes about the folding area  203 . In an embodiment, unlike the first area  201 , the second area  202  may include a notch cut due to the presence of the sensor area  324 , but may have a shape symmetrical to the first area  201  in areas other than the sensor area. For example, the first area  201  and the second area  202  may include portions having mutually symmetrical shapes and portions having mutually asymmetrical shapes. 
     Hereinafter, the operations of the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320  and respective areas of the display  200  according to the states of the electronic device  101  (e.g., the unfolded state (flat state) and the folded state) will be described. 
     In an embodiment, when the electronic device  101  is in the unfolded state (flat state) (e.g.,  FIG.  3   ), the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320  may be disposed to form an angle of about  180  degrees therebetween and to face substantially the same direction. The surface of the first area  201  and the surface of the second area  202  of the display  200  may form about  180  degrees relative to each other and may face substantially the same direction (e.g., the front surface  315  direction of the electronic device). The folding area  203  may define a single plane with the first area  201  and the second area  202 . 
     In an embodiment, when the electronic device  101  is in the fully folded state (e.g.,  FIG.  4   ), the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320  may be disposed to face each other. For example, the surface of the first area  201  and the surface of the second area  202  of the display  200  may face each other while forming a narrow angle with each other. In an embodiment, at least a portion of the folding area  203  may be configured as a curved surface having a predetermined curvature. According to various embodiments, when the electronic device  101  is in the fully folded state, the display  200  may be substantially covered from a user&#39;s view. 
     In an embodiment, when the electronic device  101  is in the intermediate state (a folded state), the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320  may be arranged with a certain angle therebetween. The surface of the first area  201  and the surface of the second area  202  of the display  200  may form an angle greater than that in the folded state and smaller than that in the unfolded state. At least a portion of the folding area  203  may have a curved surface having a predetermined curvature, and the curvature at this time may be smaller than that in the folded state. 
       FIG.  5    is a view illustrating the inside of an electronic device according to an embodiment. 
     Hereinafter, a description of components denoted with the same reference numerals as the above-mentioned reference numerals will be omitted. 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , the electronic device  101  according to an embodiment may include a first substrate  460  and/or a second substrate  470 . 
     In an embodiment, the first substrate  460  may be disposed in a space defined by the first housing structure  310 . The first substrate  460  may be disposed between the first housing structure  310  (or the first rear surface cover  380  of  FIG.  3   ) and the display  200  of  FIG.  3   . 
     In an embodiment, the second substrate  470  may be disposed in a space defined by the second housing structure  320 . The second substrate  470  may be disposed between the second housing structure  320  (or the second rear surface cover  390  of  FIG.  3   ) and the display  200  of  FIG.  3   . 
     A connecting member (e.g., a flexible printed circuit board) for electrically interconnecting the first substrate  460  and the second substrate  470  may be disposed between the first housing structure  310  and the second housing structure  320 . 
     In an embodiments, components for implementing various functions of the electronic device  101  may be mounted on the first substrate  460  and the second substrate  470 . For example, at least one of the components illustrated in  FIGS.  1  and  2    may be disposed on the first substrate  460  and/or the second substrate  470 . 
     In an embodiment, the first antenna  252  may be disposed on the second housing structure  320 . For example, at least a portion of the second housing structure  320  may include a conductive portion, which may act as a radiating element of the first antenna  252 . As another example, the first antenna  252  may include an antenna radiator manufactured through laser direct structuring (LDS). In this case, the first antenna  252  is directly configured on the second substrate  470  within the second housing structure  320 , or may be manufactured in a separate module form and located on the second substrate  470  or the second housing structure  320 . When the first antenna  252  is able to include an antenna radiator manufactured in an antenna carrier through LDS, the antenna carrier may be located in the second housing structure  320 . 
     In an embodiment, the second antenna  254  may be disposed on one surface of the second substrate  470 . The second antenna  254  and the first antenna  252  may be electrically connected to a UWB IC (e.g., the UWB IC  292  in  FIG.  2   ) via an electrical path provided by the second substrate  470 . 
     In another embodiment, the first antenna  252  and the second antenna  254  may be disposed on the first housing structure  310 . 
       FIG.  6 A  illustrates an antenna according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  6 B  is a graph illustrating radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  6 C  is a view illustrating polarization characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  6 D  is a view illustrating a feed scheme of an antenna according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  6 E  is a view illustrating a feed scheme of an antenna according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  6 F  is a view illustrating a feed scheme of an antenna according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  6 A , an antenna  654  (e.g., the second antenna  254  of  FIG.  5   ) according to an embodiment may include a conductive patch  610  and/or a ground  650 . In an embodiment, the conductive patch  610  may be disposed on a dielectric body  630 . 
     In an embodiment, the ground  650  may be disposed below the dielectric body  630 . The ground  650  may include a conductive material such as metal. For example, the ground  650  may be a conductive plate. The ground  650  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  610 . The ground  650  may be substantially parallel to the conductive patch  610 . In an embodiment, the ground  650  may be a first conductive layer of a printed circuit board. 
     In an embodiment, the dielectric body  630  may be disposed between the conductive patch  610  and the ground  650 . In an embodiment, the dielectric constant and thickness of the dielectric body  630  may be set according to the required radiation characteristics (e.g., radiation efficiency and bandwidth) of the antenna  654 . For example, the dielectric body  630  may have a predetermined dielectric constant and a predetermined thickness t. For example, the predetermined dielectric constant of the dielectric body  630  may be about 3.3, and the predetermined thickness t of the dielectric body  630  may be about 0.25 mm. In an embodiment, the dielectric body  630  may be a non-conductive layer of a printed circuit board. 
     In an embodiment, the conductive patch  610  may be disposed on the dielectric body  630 . In an embodiment, the conductive patch  610  may have a shape obtained by removing the first area  621  and the second area  622  from a rectangle having a width W 1  and a length L 1 . The first area  621  may include a first corner  611  of the rectangle, in which the rectangle may have a predetermined width W c  and a predetermined length L c . The second area  622  may include a second corner  612  of the rectangle located in a diagonal direction relative to the first corner  611 , and may have substantially the same width W and length L c  as the first area  621 . The rectangle having the width W 1  and the length L 1  may have a first size, and the first area  621  or the second area  622  may have a second size smaller than the first size. In an embodiment, the conductive patch  610  may be a second conductive layer of the printed circuit board. 
     In an embodiment, the shape and area of the conductive patch  610  may be set depending on a required resonance characteristic (e.g., a resonance frequency). For example, the width W 1  may be 12.4 mm, and the length L 1  may be 11.5 mm. For example, the predetermined width W c  of the first area  621  may be 2.8 mm, and the predetermined length L c  may be 2.6 mm. In an embodiment, the conductive patch  610  may include a conductive material such as a metal foil. 
     In an embodiment, the conductive patch  610  may include a virtual first diagonal line DL 1  interconnecting a third corner  613  and a fourth corner  614  located in the diagonal direction relative to the third corner  613  and a second virtual diagonal line DL 2  interconnecting the first area  621  and the second area  622 . The length of the first diagonal line DL 1  may be greater than that of the second diagonal line DL 2 . The first diagonal line DL 1  and the second diagonal line DL 2  may form a predetermined angle (e.g., about 75° to about 90°. 
     In an embodiment, the conductive patch  610  may be fed with power at a predetermined point f In an embodiment, various schemes may be applied to feed power to the predetermined point f of the conductive patch  610 . 
     For example, referring to  FIG.  6 D , the conductive patch  610  may be fed with power by using a feed connector  660  and a conductive member  662  disposed on the rear surface of the antenna  654  (or one surface of the ground  650 ). The feed connector  660  may be electrically connected to a UWB IC (e.g., the UWB IC  292  of  FIG.  2   ). The conductive member  662  may include a conductive via. The conductive member  662  may penetrate an opening  652  provided in the ground  650  and the dielectric body  630 , and may be electrically connected to the conductive patch  610  at the predetermined point f The UWB IC may feed power to the conductive patch  610  via the feed connector  660  and the conductive member  662 . 
     As another example, referring to  FIG.  6 E , the conductive patch  610  may be fed with power by using a conductive wire  661  and the conductive member  662 . In an embodiment, the conductive patch  610  may be disposed on a first dielectric body  630 - 1  (e.g., the dielectric body  630  of  FIG.  6 A ). The ground  650  may be disposed between the first dielectric body  630 - 1  and a second dielectric  630 - 2 . The conductive wire  661  may be provided in the second dielectric  630 - 2 . The conductive wire  661  may be electrically connected to the conductive member  662  and the UWB IC. The conductive member  662  may penetrate the second dielectric body  630 - 2 , the opening  652  provided in the ground  650 , and the first dielectric body  630 - 1 , and may be electrically connected to the conductive patch  610  at the predetermined point f The UWB IC may feed power to the conductive patch  610  via the conductive wire  661  and the conductive member  662 . 
     As another example, referring to  FIG.  6 F , the conductive patch  610  may be fed with power via a transmission line  640 . In an embodiment, the transmission line  640  may be formed of a conductive material. The transmission line  640  may be disposed on the dielectric body  630 , which is the same layer as the conductive patch  610 . The transmission line  640  may include a quarter wavelength (λ/4) impedance transformer  642  for impedance matching. The transmission line  640  may extend to the predetermined point f of the conductive patch  610  and may be electrically connected to the UWB IC and the conductive patch  610 . The UWB IC may feed power to the conductive patch  610  via the transmission line  640 . The conductive patch  610  may have a slit extending to the predetermined point f At least a portion of the transmission line  640  may be located in the slit. 
     In addition to the description provided with reference to  FIGS.  6 D,  6 E, and  6 F , various methods applicable by a person skilled in the art may be applied in order to feed power to the conductive patch  610 . 
     The description provided with reference to  FIGS.  6 D,  6 E, and  6 F  may be equally applied to the antenna  854  of  FIG.  8 A , the antenna  954  of  FIG.  9 A , and/or the antenna  1054  of  FIG.  10 A . 
     In an embodiment, the predetermined point f may be set depending on the impedance of the resonance frequency generated by the conductive patch  610 . For example, the predetermined point f may be set to a point at which the impedance of the resonance frequency is about 50Ω. 
     In an embodiment, the antenna  654  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to the first diagonal line DL 1  of the conductive patch  610  and a second resonance frequency corresponding to the second diagonal line DL 2  shorter than the first diagonal line DL 1 . The second resonance frequency may be higher than the first resonance frequency. For example, referring to  FIG.  6 B , the antenna  654  may form the first resonance frequency and the second resonance frequency. For example, the first resonance frequency may be about 6.5 GHz, and the second resonance frequency may be about 8 GHz. 
     In various embodiments of the disclosure, the first resonance frequency and the second resonance frequency do not mean a specific frequency band of a resonance frequency formed by the conductive patch  610 . The frequency bands of the first resonance frequency and the second resonance frequency may be the same or different from each other. In various embodiments of the disclosure, it may mean that the first resonance frequency corresponds to the first diagonal line DL 1  and the second resonance frequency corresponds to the second diagonal line DL 2 . 
     The first and second RF signals having the first and second resonance frequencies, respectively, which are formed by the antenna  654  according to an embodiment, may have first and second polarization characteristics, respectively. For example, referring to  FIG.  6 C , the electric field distribution (E-field) of the first RF signal having the first resonance frequency of the antenna  654  may be formed along the first diagonal line DL 1  of  FIG.  6 A , and the electric field distribution of the second RF signal having the second resonance frequency may be formed along the second diagonal line DL 2  of  FIG.  6 A . The first RF signal and the second RF signal may have linear polarization characteristics, and the first polarization of the first RF signal and the second polarization of the second RF signal may be substantially orthogonal to each other. For example, when the first polarization of the first RF signal is a vertical polarization, the second polarization of the second RF signal may be a horizontal polarization. 
     According to an embodiment, by feeding power to the conductive patch  610 , the UWB IC (e.g., the UWB IC  292  in  FIG.  2   ) may transmit and/or receive at least one of the first radio frequency (RF) signal of the first frequency band (e.g., an RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency) having the first polarization characteristic and the second RF signal of the second frequency band (e.g., an RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency) having the second polarization characteristic distinct from the first polarization characteristic. 
     According to an embodiment, the antenna  654  may be provided on a printed circuit board. In an embodiment, the printed circuit board may include a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer interposed between the first layer and the second layer. For example, the first layer and the second layer may be conductive layers, and the third layer may be a non-conductive layer. The printed circuit board may include a conductive patch  610  provided on the first layer, a ground  650  disposed on the second layer, and a dielectric body  630 , a first dielectric body  630 - 1 , or a dielectric body  630 - 2  disposed on the third layer. 
       FIG.  7 A  illustrates an antenna structure according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  7 B  illustrates the conductive patch of  FIG.  7 A . 
       FIG.  7 C  illustrates areas according to the shapes of conductive patches according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  7 D  illustrates graphs showing radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  7 E  is a view illustrating polarization characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7 A , an antenna structure  754  (e.g., the second antenna  254  of  FIG.  5    or the antenna  654  of  FIG.  6 A ) according to an embodiment may include a dielectric body  730 , a ground  750 , at least one conductive patch  710  (e.g., the conductive patch  610  of  FIG.  6 A ), and at least one transmission line  740 . 
     In an embodiment, the description of the dielectric body  630  of  FIG.  6 A  may be substantially equally or correspondingly applied to the dielectric body  730 . 
     In an embodiment, the description of the ground  650  of  FIG.  6 A  may substantially equally or correspondingly be applied to the ground  750 . 
     In an embodiment, the dielectric body  730  and the ground  750  of the antenna structure  754  may have a shape obtained by removing a predetermined area C from a rectangle having a width W 2  and a length L 2 . For example, the width W 2  of the antenna structure  754  may be about 24 mm and the length L 2  may be about 28 mm. However, embodiments of the disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     In an embodiment, the at least one conductive patch  710  may be disposed on the dielectric body  730 . For example, the at least one conductive patch  710  may be disposed on a first surface  730 A of the dielectric body  730 . In an embodiment, the at least one conductive patch  710  may include a conductive material such as a metal foil. 
     In an embodiment, the at least one conductive patch  710  may include a first conductive patch  710 - 1 , a second conductive patch  710 - 2 , and/or a third conductive patch  710 - 3 . In an embodiment, the first conductive patch  710 - 1 , the second conductive patch  710 - 2 , and/or the third conductive patch  710 - 3  may be spaced apart from each other on the first surface  730 A of the dielectric body  730 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A and  7 B , the first conductive patch  710 - 1 , the second conductive patch  710 - 2 , and/or the third conductive patch  710 - 3  according to an embodiment may be disposed such that a first diagonal line DL 1  thereof is parallel to the length direction L 2  of the dielectric body  730 . The first conductive patch  710 - 1 , the second conductive patch  710 - 2 , and/or the third conductive patch  710 - 3  may be disposed such that a second diagonal line DL 2  thereof is parallel to the width W 2  of the dielectric body  730 . In this case, the areas (e.g., a first area  721  or a second area  722 ) from which the corners of the first conductive patch  710 - 1  and the second conductive patch  710 - 2  are removed may face each other. 
     In an embodiment, the first conductive patch  710 - 1  and the second conductive patch  710 - 2  may be disposed to be spaced apart from each other along the width W 2  direction of the dielectric body  730 . In an embodiment, a line segment D 1  interconnecting the center of the first conductive patch  710 - 1  and the center of the second conductive patch  710 - 2  may be parallel to one edge of an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  101  of  FIG.  5   ). For example, the line segment D 1  may be parallel to a predetermined edge P of the second housing structure  320  of  FIG.  5   . As another example, the line segment D 1  may be parallel to the x-axis of  FIG.  5   . In an embodiment, the line segment D 2  interconnecting the center of the second conductive patch  710 - 2  and the center of the third conductive patch  710 - 3  may form a predetermined angle  0  with the line segment D 1 . For example, the predetermined angle θ may not include 0° and 180° (e.g., the line segment D 1  may not be parallel to the line segment D 2 ). In an embodiment, the predetermined angle θ may be 90° or less. In an embodiment, the first conductive patch  710 - 1 , the second conductive patch  710 - 2 , and/or the third conductive patch  710 - 3  may be arranged to form an inverted L shape on the first surface  730 A of the dielectric body  730 . 
     In an embodiment, the first conductive patch  710 - 1 , the second conductive patch  710 - 2 , and the third conductive patch  710 - 3  may be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. The length of the line segment D 1  indicating the distance between the first conductive patch  710 - 1  and the second conductive patch  710 - 2  and the length of the second line segment D 2  indicating the distance between the second conductive patch  710 - 2  and the third conductive patch  710 - 3  may be set depending on the wavelength of an RF signal to be transmitted or received via the antenna structure  754 . In an embodiment, the lengths of the line segment D 1  and the line segment D 2  may be substantially equal to each other. For example, the lengths of the line segment D 1  and the line segment D 2  may be about 13 mm, but are not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the lengths of the line segment D 1  and the line segment D 2  may be different from each other. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7 B , the description of the conductive patch  610  of  FIG.  6 A  may be equally or correspondingly applied to the shape of the at least one conductive patch  710 . For example, the first conductive patch  710 - 1  may have a shape obtained by removing the first area  721  and the second area  722  from a rectangle having a width W 3  and a length L 3 . The first area  721  may include a first corner  711  of the rectangle, in which the rectangle may have a predetermined width W c  and a predetermined length L c . The second area  722  may include a second corner  712  of the rectangle located in a diagonal direction relative to the first corner  711 , and may have substantially the same width W and length L c  as the first area  721 . The rectangle having the width W 3  and the length L 3  may have a first size, and the first area  721  or the second area  722  may have a second size smaller than the first size. In an embodiment, the at least one conductive patch  710  may include a virtual first diagonal line DL 1  interconnecting a third corner  713  and a fourth corner  714  facing the third corner  713  and a second virtual diagonal line DL 2  interconnecting the first area  721  and the second area  722 . The length of the first diagonal line DL 1  may be greater than that of the second diagonal line DL 2 . The first diagonal line DL 1  and the second diagonal line DL 2  may form a predetermined angle (e.g., about 75° to about 90°). 
     In an embodiment, the first conductive patch  710 - 1  may include a first slot  761 , a second slot  762 , and/or a third slot  763 . 
     In an embodiment, the first slot  761  may be provided in an area including the center of the first conductive patch  710 - 1 . The first slot  761  is a cross (+) shape formed of a first portion  761 - 1  extending in the direction of the first diagonal direction DL 1  and a second portion  761 - 2  extending in the direction of the second diagonal line DL 2 . In an embodiment, the lengths of the first portion  761 - 1  and the second portion  761 - 2  may be different from each other, but are not limited thereto. For example, unlike the illustration, the lengths of the first portion  761 - 1  and the second portion  761 - 2  may be substantially equal to each other. 
     In an embodiment, the second slot  762  and/or the third slot  763  may extend from an edge of the at least one conductive patch  710  to the inner side of the at least one conductive patch  710 . For example, second slots  762  may extend in the length L 3  direction that is substantially perpendicular to the width W 3  direction from edges of the at least one conductive patch  710  extending in the width W 3  direction. For example, second slots  762  may extend in the width W 3  direction that is substantially perpendicular to the length L 3  direction from edges of the at least one conductive patch  710  extending in the length L 3  direction. 
     In an embodiment, by forming at least one of the first slot  761 , the second slot  762 , and/or the third slot  763  in the first conductive patch  710 - 1 , the length of the path of current flowing through the first conductive patch  710 - 1  may be increased. By increasing the length of the path of current, the area (e.g., the width W 3  and/or the length L 3 ) of the patch required for the same performance or signal reception of the same frequency band may be decreased compared to the case where no slots are provided in the conductive patch (e.g., the conductive patch  610  of  FIG.  6 A ). For example, referring to  FIG.  7 C , each of the conductive patches in the shapes of (A), (B), and (C) may have a shape obtained by removing, from each of two corners facing each other in a rectangle having a width W and a length L, an area having a predetermined width W c  and a predetermined length L c . The conductive patch of the shape of (A) may not be slotted, the conductive patch of the shape of (B) may have a slot (e.g., the first slot  761  in  FIG.  7 B ) provided in the area including the center thereof, and the conductive patch of the shape of (C) may have slots (e.g., the first slot  761 , the second slots  762 , and the third slots  763  in  FIG.  7 B ) provided in the central portion and the edges thereof. As the number of slots provided in a conductive patch increases, the area of the conductive patch required to form the same resonance frequency may decrease. The numerical values provided in  FIG.  7 C  are merely examples to indicate that as the number of slots provided in the conductive patch increases, the required area of the conductive patch may be reduced, and embodiments of the disclosure are not limited by the examples illustrated in  FIG.  7 C . 
     According to an embodiment, the second conductive patch  710 - 2  or the third conductive patch  710 - 3  may be configured to have substantially the same shape as the first conductive patch  710 - 1 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  7 A , at least one transmission line  740  according to an embodiment may be provided on the first surface  730 A of the dielectric body  730 . The at least one transmission line  740  may be electrically connected to the at least one conductive patch  710  in order to feed power to the at least one conductive patch  710 . In an embodiment, the at least one transmission line  740  may include a first transmission line  740 - 1 , a second transmission line  740 - 2 , or a third transmission line  740 - 3 . 
     In an embodiment, the first transmission line  740 - 1  may be connected to a point of the first conductive patch  710 - 1 . The first conductive patch  710 - 1  may be electrically connected to a UWB IC (e.g., the UWB IC  292  of  FIG.  2   ) via a first transmission line  740 - 1 . 
     In an embodiment, the second transmission line  740 - 2  may be connected to a point of the second conductive patch  710 - 2 . The second conductive patch  710 - 2  may be electrically connected to the UWB IC via the second transmission line  740 - 2 . 
     In an embodiment, the third transmission line  740 - 3  may be connected to a point of the third conductive patch  710 - 3 . The third conductive patch  710 - 3  may be electrically connected to the UWB IC via the third transmission line  740 - 3 . 
     In an embodiment, the first transmission line  740 - 1 , the second transmission line  740 - 2 , and/or the third transmission line  740 - 3  may include a microstrip line such as a conductive trace. In an embodiment, the first transmission line  740 - 1 , the second transmission line  740 - 2 , and/or the third transmission line  740 - 3  may include a quarter wavelength impedance transformer  742  for impedance matching between a conductive patch and a transmission line. In an embodiment, the quarter wavelength impedance transformer  742  may include a meandering shape bent in at least one portion in order to satisfy a length characteristic for impedance matching. However, a feed scheme applied for impedance matching is not limited to the illustrated example. For example, the antenna structure  754  may include an inset type feed structure for impedance matching. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7 B , the antenna structure  754  according to an embodiment may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to the first diagonal line DL 1  of the at least one conductive patch  710  and a second resonance frequency corresponding to the second diagonal line DL 2  shorter than the first diagonal line D 1 . The second resonance frequency may be higher than the first resonance frequency. For example, referring to  FIG.  7 D , each of the first conductive patch  710 - 1 , the second conductive patch  710 - 2 , and the third conductive patch  710 - 3  may form a first resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 8 GHz. 
     The first and second RF signals having the first resonance and second frequencies, respectively, which are formed by the antenna structure  754  according to an embodiment, may have first and second polarization characteristics, respectively. For example, referring to  FIG.  7 E , the electric field distribution of the first RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the at least one conductive patch  710  may be formed along the first diagonal line DL 1  of  FIG.  7 B , and the electric field distribution of the second RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may be formed along the second diagonal line DL 2  of  FIG.  7 B . The first and second RF signals may have linear polarization characteristics, in which the first polarization of the first RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency and the second polarization of the second RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may be substantially orthogonal to each other. For example, when the first polarization of the first RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency is a vertical polarization, the second polarization of the second RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may be a horizontal polarization. 
     In an embodiment, the UWB IC electrically connected to the antenna structure  754  (e.g., the UWB IC  292  in  FIG.  2   ) may feed power to at least one conductive patch  710  via at least one transmission line  740 . The first conductive patch  710 - 1 , the second conductive patch  710 - 2 , and the third conductive patch  710 - 3  may each operate as an antenna element for receiving an RF signal of a predetermined band. 
     According to an embodiment, by feeding power to the at least one conductive patch  710 , the UWB IC may transmit and/or receive at least one of the first radio frequency (RF) signal of the first frequency band (e.g., an RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency) having the first polarization characteristic and the second RF signal of the second frequency band (e.g., an RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency) having the second polarization characteristic distinct from the first polarization characteristic. 
     In an embodiment, at least two of the first conductive patch  710 - 1 , the second conductive patch  710 - 2 , and the third conductive patch  710 - 3  of the antenna structure  754  may operate as array antennas. For example, the UWB IC may transmit and/or receive RF signals having the same polarization characteristic (e.g., the first polarization) by using the first conductive patch  710 - 1  and the second conductive patch  710 - 2 . As another example, the UWB IC may transmit and/or receive RF signals having the same polarization characteristic (e.g., the second polarization) by using the second conductive patch  710 - 2  and the third conductive patch  710 - 3 . 
     According to an embodiment, the antenna structure  754  may be provided on a printed circuit board. In an embodiment, the printed circuit board may include a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer interposed between the first layer and the second layer. For example, the first layer and the second layer may be conductive layers, and the third layer may be a non-conductive layer. The printed circuit board may include at least one conductive patch  710  provided on the first layer, a ground  750  disposed on a second layer, and a dielectric body  730  disposed on the third layer. 
       FIG.  8 A  illustrates an antenna according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  8 B  shows radiation characteristics of an antenna according to the connection states of switches according to an embodiment. 
     Regarding  FIG.  8 A , a description of components overlapping those of  FIG.  6 A  will be omitted. A description provided with reference to  FIG.  6 A  may be equally or correspondingly applied to components denoted by the same reference numerals. 
     The conductive patch  610  of  FIG.  8 A  may correspond to the at least one conductive patch  710  of  FIG.  7 B . For example, the conductive patch  610  illustrated in  FIG.  8 A  may be replaced with the at least one conductive patch  710  illustrated in  FIG.  7 B . 
     Referring to  FIG.  8 A , an antenna  854  according to an embodiment may include a first patch  861 , a second patch  862 , a third patch  863 , a fourth patch  864 , a first switch  881 , a second switch  882 , a third switch  883 , or a fourth switch  884 . 
     In an embodiment, the first patch  861 , the second patch  862 , the first switch  881 , and/or the second switch  882  may be disposed in the first area  621 . The first patch  861 , the second patch  862 , the first switch  881 , and/or the second switch  882  may be disposed on the dielectric body  630 . The first patch  861  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  610  and the second patch  862 . The second patch  862  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  610 . The first switch  881  may be disposed in an electrical path between the conductive patch  610  and the first patch  861 . The second switch  882  may be disposed in an electrical path between the first patch  861  and the second patch  862 . In an embodiment, the first switch  881 , the first patch  861 , the second switch  882 , and the second patch  862  may be located on a line along which the second diagonal line DL 2  of the conductive patch  610  extends. For example, a line interconnecting the first switch  881 , the first patch  861 , the second switch  882 , and/or the second patch  862  may be an extension of the second diagonal line DL 2  of the conductive patch  610 . The first switch  881 , the first patch  861 , the second switch  882 , and/or the second patch  862  may be arranged in order away from the center of the conductive patch  610  along the direction of the second diagonal line DL 2 . In an embodiment, the first patch  861  may be electrically connected to the conductive patch  610  via the first switch  881 . The second patch  862  may be electrically connected to the first patch  861  via the second switch  882 . 
     In an embodiment, the third patch  863 , the fourth patch  864 , the third switch  883 , and/or the fourth switch  884  may be disposed in the second area  622 . The third patch  863 , the fourth patch  864 , the third switch  883 , and/or the fourth switch  884  may be disposed on the dielectric body  630 . The third patch  863  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  610  and the fourth patch  864 . The fourth patch  864  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  610 . The third switch  883  may be disposed in an electrical path between the conductive patch  610  and the third patch  863 . The fourth switch  884  may be disposed in an electrical path between the third patch  863  and the fourth patch  864 . In an embodiment, the third switch  883 , the third patch  863 , the fourth switch  884 , and the fourth patch  864  may be located on a line along which the second diagonal line DL 2  of the conductive patch  610  extends. For example, a line interconnecting the third switch  883 , the third patch  863 , the fourth switch  884 , and/or the fourth patch  864  may be an extension of the second diagonal line DL 2  of the conductive patch  610 . The third switch  883 , the third patch  863 , the fourth switch  884 , and/or the fourth patch  864  may be arranged in order away from the conductive patch  610  along the direction of the second diagonal line DL 2 . In an embodiment, the third patch  863  may be electrically connected to the conductive patch  610  via the third switch  883 . The fourth patch  864  may be electrically connected to the third patch  863  via the fourth switch  884 . 
     In an embodiment, the first switch  881 , the second switch  882 , the third switch  883 , and/or the fourth switch  884  may include various components that are capable of changing electrical connection states among the patches of the antenna  854 . For example, the first switch  881 , the second switch  882 , the third switch  883 , and/or the fourth switch  884  may include a PIN diode. 
     In an embodiment, a UWB IC (e.g., the UWB IC  292  in  FIG.  2   ) may control the first switch  881 , the second switch  882 , the third switch  883 , and/or the fourth switch  884 . For example, the UWB IC may control the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  610 , the first patch  861 , the second patch  862 , the third patch  863 , and/or the fourth patch  864  by applying a DC voltage to at least one of the first switch  881 , the second switch  882 , the third switch  883 , and/or the fourth switch  884 . In an embodiment, the length of the electrical path corresponding to the second diagonal line DL 2  of the conductive patch  610  may vary according to the electrical connection state of at least one of the first switch  881 , the second switch  882 , the third switch  883 , and/or the fourth switch  884 . 
     In an embodiment, the resonance frequency formed by the antenna  854  may vary according to the electrical connection state of the conductive patch  610 , the first patch  861 , the second patch  862 , the third patch  863 , and/or the fourth patch  864 . Resonance frequencies formed by the antenna  854  according to the electrical connection states are shown in Table 1 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 1 st  resonance 
                 2 nd  resonance 
               
               
                   
                 frequency 
                 frequency 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 st  state 
                 Ch. 5 
                 Ch. 6 
               
               
                   
                 2 st  state 
                 Ch. 5 
                 Ch. 8 
               
               
                   
                 3 rd  state 
                 Ch. 5 
                 Ch. 9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The channels (Chs.) of Table 1 are based on the IEEE 802.15.4a UWB communication protocol, but are not limited thereto. 
     In Table 1, the first state may be the state in which the first switch  881 , the second switch  882 , the third switch  883 , and the fourth switch  884  are all turned on. For example, the first state may be the state in which the conductive patch  610 , the first patch  861 , the second patch  862 , the third patch  863 , and the fourth patch  864  are all electrically connected to each other. In the first state, the antenna  854  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 6. For example, referring to  FIG.  8 B , in the first state, the antenna  854  may form a first resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 7 GHz. 
     In Table 1, the second state may be the state in which the first switch  881  and the third switch  883  are turned on, and the second switch  882  and the fourth switch  884  are turned off. For example, the second state may be the state in which the first patch  861  and the third patch  863  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  610 , and the second patch  862  and the fourth patch  864  are electrically disconnected from the conductive patch  610 . In the second state, the antenna  854  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 8. For example, referring to  FIG.  8 B , in the second state, the antenna  854  may form a first resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 7.5 GHz. 
     In Table 1, the third state may be the state in which the first switch  881 , the second switch  882 , the third switch  883 , and the fourth switch  884  are all turned off. For example, the third state may be the state in which all of the first patch  861 , the second patch  862 , the third patch  863 , and the fourth patch  864  are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  610 . In the third state, the antenna  854  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 9. For example, referring to  FIG.  8 B , in the third state, the antenna  854  may form a first resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 8 GHz. 
     In an embodiment, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  854  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic. For example, the polarizations of the RF signals corresponding to the first and second resonance frequencies of the antenna  854  may be substantially orthogonal to each other. For example, when the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  854  has a vertical polarization, the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have a horizontal polarization. The fact that the RF signals corresponding to the first and second resonance frequencies of the antenna  854  have different polarization characteristics may be understood through the description provided above with reference to  FIGS.  6 C and  7 E . 
     In an embodiment, by controlling the switches  881 ,  882 ,  883 , and  884 , the UWB IC may variably control the channels and/or polarization characteristics of the RF signals transmitted and received from the antenna  854  according to various communication environments. 
     In an embodiment, in the first state in which the first switch  881 , the second switch  882 , the third switch  883 , and the fourth switch  884  are all turned off, the UWB IC may transmit and/or receive a first RF signal of the first frequency band having the first polarization characteristic (e.g., the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency in the first state of Table 1) and a second RF signal of the second polarization characteristic having the second polarization characteristic orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic and being higher than the second frequency band (e.g., the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency in the first state of Table 1). 
     In an embodiment, in the second state in which the first switch  881  and the third switch  883  are turned on and the second switch  882  and the fourth switch  884  are turned off, the UWB IC may transmit and/or receive a first RF signal of the first frequency band having the first polarization characteristic (e.g., the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency in the second state of Table 1) and a third RF signal of a third frequency band higher than the second frequency band (e.g., the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency in the second state of Table 1). 
     In an embodiment, in the third state in which the first switch  881 , the second switch  882 , the third switch  883 , and the fourth switch  884  are turned off, the UWB IC may transmit and/or receive a first RF signal of the first frequency band having the first polarization characteristic (e.g., the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency in the third state of Table 1) and a fourth RF signal of a four frequency band having the second polarization characteristic and being higher than the third frequency band (e.g., the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency in the third state of Table 1). 
     A plurality of antennas  854  according to an embodiment may be included in an antenna structure (e.g., the antenna structure  754  in  FIG.  7 A ). In this case, the plurality of antennas  854  may be arranged substantially the same as those illustrated in  FIG.  7 A . 
       FIG.  9 A  illustrates an antenna according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  9 B  shows radiation characteristics of an antenna according to the connection states of switches according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  9 C  is a graph showing axial ratios of an antenna according to an embodiment in a first state and a fourth state. 
     In  FIG.  9 A , the outer peripheries of the first area  921 , the second area  922 , the third area  923 , and the fourth area  924  are indicated by dotted lines. 
     The antenna  954  of  FIG.  9 A  may correspond to the second antenna  254  of  FIG.  5   . 
     The antenna  954  of  FIG.  9 A  may correspond to the antenna  654  of  FIG.  6 A . For example, the description provided with reference to  FIGS.  6 A to  6 C  may be equally or correspondingly applied to a description of the antenna  954  of  FIG.  9 A . For example, the antenna  954  according to an embodiment may include a dielectric body  930  and a ground. The dielectric body  930  and the ground of the antenna  954  may correspond to the dielectric body  630  and the ground  650  of the antenna  654  of  FIG.  6 A , respectively. 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 A , the antenna  954  according to an embodiment may include a conductive patch  910 , patches  961 ,  962 ,  963 , and  964 , and/or switches  981 ,  982 ,  983 , and  984 . 
     In an embodiment, the conductive patch  910  may be disposed on the dielectric body  930 . In an embodiment, the conductive patch  910  may have a shape obtained by removing four corners from a rectangle. For example, the conductive patch  910  may have a shape obtained by removing, from a rectangle having a width W 1  and a length L 1 , a first area  921 , a second area  922 , a third area  923 , and/or a fourth area  924 . The first area  921  may include a first corner  911  of the rectangle. The second area  922  may include a second corner  912  of the rectangle. The third area  923  may include a third corner  913  of the rectangle. The fourth area  924  may include a fourth corner  914  of the rectangle. The first corner  911  and the second corner  912  may be located in a diagonal direction relative to each other, and the third corner  913  and the fourth corner  914  may be located in a diagonal direction relative to each other. The rectangle having the width W 1  and the length L 1  may have a first size, and each of the first area  921 , the second area  922 , the third area  923 , and/or the fourth area  924  may have a second size smaller than the first size. 
     In an embodiment, the first area  921  includes a first edge  921 - 1 , a second edge  921 - 2 , a third edge  921 - 3 , and a fourth edge  921 - 4 , a fifth edge  921 - 5 , and/or a sixth edge  921 - 6 . The first edge  921 - 1  may have a predetermined width W c . The first edge  921 - 1  may extend along the width direction W 1  of the conductive patch  910 . The second edge  921 - 2  may extend along the length direction L 1  of the conductive patch  910  from one end of the first edge  921 - 1 . For example, the second edge  921 - 2  may be substantially perpendicular to the first edge  921 - 1 . The third edge  921 - 3  may extend along the length direction L 1  of the conductive patch  910  from the other end of the first edge  921 - 1 . The second edge  921 - 2  and the third edge  921 - 3  may extend in substantially the same direction from the first edge  921 - 1 . For example, the third edge  921 - 3  may be substantially perpendicular to the first edge  921 - 1 . The third edge  921 - 3  may be longer than the second edge  921 - 2 . In an embodiment, the third edge  921 - 3  may be longer than the first edge  921 - 1 . The third edge  921 - 3  may have a predetermined length L c . The fourth edge  921 - 4  may extend from one end of the second edge  921 - 2  toward the third edge  921 - 3 . As another example, the fourth edge  921 - 4  may extend along the width direction W 1  from one end of the second edge  921 - 2 . For example, the fourth edge  921 - 4  may be substantially parallel to the first edge  921 - 1 , and may be substantially perpendicular to the second edge  921 - 2 . The fourth edge  921 - 4  may be shorter than the first edge  921 - 1 . The fifth edge  921 - 5  may extend from one end of the third edge  921 - 3  toward the second edge  921 - 2 . As another example, the fifth edge  921 - 5  may extend along the length direction L 1  of the conductive patch  910  from one end of the third edge  921 - 3 . For example, the fifth edge  921 - 5  may be substantially parallel to the first edge  921 - 1 , and may be substantially perpendicular to the third edge  921 - 3 . The fifth edge  921 - 5  may be shorter than the first edge  921 - 1 . The sixth edge  921 - 6  may extend from one end of the fourth edge  921 - 4  to one end of the fifth edge  921 - 5 . For example, the sixth edge  921 - 6  may be substantially perpendicular to the fourth edge  921 - 4  and the fifth edge  921 - 5 , and may be substantially parallel to the second edge  921 - 2  and the third edge  921 - 3 . The sixth edge  921 - 6  may be shorter than the third edge  921 - 3 . The shapes of the second area  922 , the third area  923 , and the fourth area  924  may correspond to the shape of the first area  921 . For example, the second area  922 , the third area  923 , and the fourth area  924  may have substantially the same area and substantially the same shape as the first area  921 . 
     In an embodiment, the conductive patch  910  may have a first virtual diagonal line DL 1  interconnecting the third area  923  and the fourth area  924  and a second virtual diagonal line DL 2  interconnecting the first area  921  and the second area  922 . The first diagonal line DL 1  may correspond to a line segment interconnecting the third corner  913  and the fourth corner  914 . The second diagonal line DL 2  may correspond to a line segment interconnecting the first corner  911  and the second corner  912 . 
     In an embodiment, the patches  961 ,  962 ,  963 , and  964  include a first patch  961 , a second patch  962 , a third patch  963 , and/or a fourth patch  964 . 
     In an embodiment, the first patch  961  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  910 , and may be disposed in the first area  921 . The shape of the first patch  961  may correspond to the shape of the first area  921 . For example, the first patch  961  may have substantially the same shape as the first area  921 , and may have a smaller area than the first area  921 . A slit may be provided between the first patch  961  and the conductive patch  910 . The slit may have a meandering shape. 
     In an embodiment, the second patch  962  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  910 , and may be disposed in the second area  922 . The shape of the second patch  962  may correspond to the shape of the second area  922 . For example, the second patch  962  may have substantially the same shape as the second area  922 , and may have a smaller area than the second area  922 . A slit may be provided between the second patch  962  and the conductive patch  910 . The slit may have a meandering shape. 
     In an embodiment, the third patch  963  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  910 , and may be disposed in the third area  923 . The shape of the third patch  963  may correspond to the shape of the third area  923 . For example, the third patch  963  may have substantially the same shape as the third area  923 , and may have a smaller area than the third area  923 . A slit may be provided between the third patch  963  and the conductive patch  910 . The slit may have a meandering shape. 
     In an embodiment, the fourth patch  964  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  910 , and may be disposed in the fourth area  924 . The shape of the fourth patch  964  may correspond to the shape of the fourth area  924 . For example, the fourth patch  964  may have substantially the same shape as the fourth area  924 , and may have a smaller area than the fourth area  924 . A slit may be provided between the fourth patch  964  and the conductive patch  910 . The slit may have a meandering shape. 
     In an embodiment, the switches  981 ,  982 ,  983 , and  984  include a first switch  981 , a second switch  982 , a third switch  983 , and/or a fourth switch  984 . 
     In an embodiment, the first switch  981  may be disposed in the first area  921 . The first switch  981  may be disposed in an electrical path between the first patch  961  and the conductive patch  910 . The first patch  961  may be electrically connected to the conductive patch  910  via the first switch  981 . The line interconnecting the first patch  961  and the first switch  981  may be an extension of the second diagonal line DL 2 . For example, the first patch  961  and the first switch  981  may be aligned along the second diagonal line DL 2 . 
     In an embodiment, the second switch  982  may be disposed in the second area  922 . The second switch  982  may be disposed in an electrical path between the second patch  962  and the conductive patch  910 . The second patch  962  may be electrically connected to the conductive patch  910  via the second switch  982 . The line interconnecting the second patch  962  and the second switch  982  may be an extension of the second diagonal line DL 2 . For example, the second patch  962  and the second switch  982  may be aligned along the second diagonal line DL 2 . 
     In an embodiment, the third switch  983  may be disposed in the third area  923 . The third switch  983  may be disposed in an electrical path between the third patch  963  and the conductive patch  910 . The third patch  963  may be electrically connected to the conductive patch  910  via the third switch  983 . The line interconnecting the third patch  963  and the third switch  983  may be an extension of the first diagonal line DL 1 . For example, the third patch  963  and the third switch  983  may be aligned along the first diagonal line DL 1 . 
     In an embodiment, the fourth switch  984  may be disposed in the fourth area  924 . The fourth switch  984  may be disposed in an electrical path between the fourth patch  964  and the conductive patch  910 . The fourth patch  964  may be electrically connected to the conductive patch  910  via the fourth switch  984 . The line interconnecting the fourth patch  964  and the fourth switch  984  may be an extension of the first diagonal line DL 1 . For example, the fourth patch  964  and the fourth switch  984  may be aligned along the first diagonal line DL 1 . 
     In an embodiment, the switches  981 ,  982 ,  983 , and  984  may include various components that may change the electrical connection states among the patches of the antenna  954 . For example, switches  981 ,  982 ,  983 , and  984  may each include a PIN diode. 
     In an embodiment, a UWB IC (e.g., the UWB IC  292  in  FIG.  2   ) may control the first switch  981 , the second switch  982 , the third switch  983 , and/or the fourth switch  984 . For example, the UWB IC may control electrical connection states between the conductive patch  910  and the patches  961 ,  962 ,  963 , and  964  by applying a DC voltage to at least one of the first switch  981 , the second switch  982 , the third switch  983 , and the fourth switch  984 . 
     In an embodiment, the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  910 , the first patch  961 , and the second patch  962  vary depending on the operating states of the first switch  981  and the second switch  982 . The length of the electrical path corresponding to the second diagonal line DL 2  of the conductive patch  910  may vary depending on the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  910 , the first patch  961 , and the second patch  962 . 
     In an embodiment, the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  910 , the third patch  963 , and the fourth patch  964  vary depending on the operating states of the third switch  983  and the fourth switch  984 . The length of the electrical path corresponding to the first diagonal line DL 1  of the conductive patch  910  may vary depending on the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  910 , the third patch  963 , and the fourth patch  964 . 
     In an embodiment, the antenna  954  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to the first diagonal line DL 1  and a second resonance frequency corresponding to the second diagonal line DL 2 . In an embodiment, the UWB IC (e.g., the UWB IC  292  in  FIG.  2   ) may transmit or receive an RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency and/or the second resonance frequency. 
     In an embodiment, the resonance frequency formed by the antenna  954  may vary depending on the electrically connected states of the conductive patch  910  and the patches  961 ,  962 ,  963 , and  964 . Resonance frequencies formed by the antenna  954  according to the electrical connection states are shown in Table 2 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1 st  resonance 
                 2 nd  resonance 
               
               
                   
                 Connection state 
                   
                 frequency 
                 frequency 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 st  state 
                 — 
                 Ch. 9 
                 Ch. 9 
               
               
                   
                 2 nd  state 
                 V 
                 Ch. 5 
                 Ch. 9 
               
               
                   
                 3 rd  state 
                 H 
                 Ch. 9 
                 Ch. 5 
               
               
                   
                 4 th  state 
                 H, V 
                 Ch. 5 
                 Ch. 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The channels (Chs.) of Table 2 are based on the IEEE 802.15.4a UWB communication protocol, but are not limited thereto. 
     In Table 2, H may indicate the state in which the first patch  961  and the second patch  962  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  910 , and V may indicate the state in which the third patch  963  and the fourth patch  964  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  910 . 
     In Table 2, the first state may be the state in which the first switch  981 , the second switch  982 , the third switch  983 , and the fourth switch  984  are all turned off. For example, the first state may be the state in which all of the first patch  961 , the second patch  962 , the third patch  963 , and the fourth patch  964  are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  910 . In the first state, the first resonance frequency and the second resonance frequency formed by the antenna  954  may be substantially equal to each other. For example, the antenna  954  may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 9. For example, referring to  FIG.  9 B , in the first state, the antenna  954  may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency of about 8 GHz. 
     In an embodiment, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  954  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. Referring to  FIG.  9 C , in the first state, the antenna  954  may form a circularly polarized wave by using two linear polarizations orthogonal to each other. Referring to  FIG.  9 B , the antenna  954  in the first state having a circular polarization characteristic may have an increased bandwidth and radiation efficiency compared to those in the second state and the third state. The circular polarization characteristic may be referred to as a third polarization characteristic in view of the fact that it is distinct from the first polarization characteristic and the second polarization characteristic, which are linear polarization characteristics. 
     In Table 2, the second state may be the state in which the first switch  981  and the second switch  982  are turned off, and the third switch  983  and the fourth switch  984  are turned on. For example, the second state may be the state in which the first patch  961  and the second patch  962  are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  910 , and the third patch  963  and the fourth patch  964  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  910 . In the second state, the antenna  954  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 9. For example, referring to  FIG.  9 B , in the second state, the antenna  954  may form a first resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 8 GHz. In an embodiment, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  954  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic. The first polarization characteristic of the first resonance frequency and the second polarization characteristic of the second resonance frequency of the antenna  954  may be substantially orthogonal to each other. For example, when the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  954  has a vertical polarization, the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have a horizontal polarization. 
     In Table 2, the third state may be the state in which the first switch  981  and the second switch  982  are turned on, and the third switch  983  and the fourth switch  984  are turned off. For example, the third state may be the state in which the first patch  961  and the second patch  962  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  910 , and the third patch  963  and the fourth patch  964  are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  910 . In the third state, the antenna  954  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 9 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5. For example, referring to  FIG.  9 B , in the third state, the antenna  954  may form a first resonance frequency of about 8 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz. In an embodiment, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  954  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic. The first polarization characteristic of the first resonance frequency and the second polarization characteristic of the second resonance frequency of the antenna  954  may be substantially orthogonal to each other. For example, when the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  954  has a vertical polarization, the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have a horizontal polarization. 
     In Table 2, the fourth state may be the state in which the first switch  981 , the second switch  982 , the third switch  983 , and the fourth switch  984  are all turned on. The fourth state may be the state in which the first patch  961 , the second patch  962 , the third patch  963 , and the fourth patch  964  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  910 . In the fourth state, the first resonance frequency and the second resonance frequency formed by the antenna  954  may be substantially equal to each other. For example, the antenna  954  may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5. For example, referring to  FIG.  9 B , in the first state, the antenna  954  may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz. In an embodiment, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  954  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. Referring to  FIG.  9 C , in the fourth state, the antenna  954  may form a circularly polarized wave by using two linear polarizations substantially orthogonal to each other. Referring to  FIG.  9 B , the antenna  954  in the fourth state having a circular polarization characteristic may have an increased bandwidth and radiation efficiency compared to those in the second state and the third state. The circular polarization characteristic may be referred to as a third polarization characteristic in view of the fact that it is distinct from the first polarization characteristic and the second polarization characteristic, which are linear polarization characteristics. 
     The fact that the RF signals corresponding to the first and second resonance frequencies of the antenna  954  have different polarization characteristics may be understood through the description provided above with reference to  FIGS.  6 C and  7 E . 
     In an embodiment, by controlling the switches  981 ,  982 ,  983 , and  984 , the UWB IC may variably control the channels and/or polarization characteristics of the RF signals transmitted and received from the antenna  954  according to various communication environments. 
     In an embodiment, in the first state in which the first switch  981 , the second switch  982 , the third switch  983 , and the fourth switch  984  are turned off, the UWB IC may transmit and/or receive a third RF signal of a third frequency band having a third polarization characteristic distinct from the first polarization and the second polarization characteristic (e.g., an RF signal corresponding to the first and second resonance frequencies in the first state of Table 2). 
     In an embodiment, in the fourth state in which the first switch  981 , the second switch  982 , the third switch  983 , and the fourth switch  984  are turned on, the UWB IC may transmit and/or receive a fourth RF signal of a fourth frequency band having the third polarization characteristic (e.g., an RF signal corresponding to the first and second resonance frequencies in the fourth state of Table 2). In an embodiment, the fourth frequency band of the fourth RF signal (e.g., the frequency band corresponding to Ch. 5 of Table 2) may be lower than the third frequency band of the third RF signal (e.g., the frequency band corresponding to Ch. 9 of Table 2). 
     In an embodiment, in the second state in which the first switch  981  and the second switch  982  are turned off and the third switch  983  and the fourth switch  984  are turned on, the UWB IC may transmit and/or receive a first RF signal of the first frequency band having the first polarization characteristic (e.g., the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency in the second state of Table 2) and a second RF signal of the second frequency band having the second polarization characteristic distinct from the first polarization characteristic (e.g., the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency in the second state of Table 2). In an embodiment, the second frequency band of the second RF signal (e.g., the frequency band corresponding to Ch. 9 of Table 2) may be higher than the first frequency band of the first RF signal (e.g., the frequency band corresponding to Ch. 5 of Table 2). 
     In an embodiment, in the third state in which the first switch  981  and the second switch  982  are turned on and the third switch  983  and the fourth switch  984  are turned off, the UWB IC may transmit and/or receive a first RF signal of the first frequency band having the first polarization characteristic (e.g., the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency in the third state of Table 2) and a second RF signal of the second frequency band having the second polarization characteristic distinct from the first polarization characteristic (e.g., the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency in the third state of Table 2). In an embodiment, the second frequency band of the second RF signal (e.g., the frequency band corresponding to Ch. 5 of Table 2) may be lower than the first frequency band of the first RF signal (e.g., the frequency band corresponding to Ch. 9 of Table 2). 
     A plurality of antennas  954  according to an embodiment may be included in an antenna structure (e.g., the antenna structure  754  in  FIG.  7 A ). In this case, the plurality of antennas  954  may be arranged substantially the same as those illustrated in  FIG.  7 A . 
       FIG.  10 A  illustrates an antenna according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  10 B  illustrates radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment in first, second, third, and fourth states. 
       FIG.  10 C  illustrates radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment in fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth states. 
       FIG.  10 D  illustrates radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment in ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth states. 
       FIG.  10 E  illustrates radiation characteristics of an antenna according to an embodiment in thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth states. 
       FIG.  10 F  is a graph illustrating axial ratios of an antenna according to an embodiment in the first, sixth, eleventh, and sixteenth states. 
     An antenna  1054  of  FIG.  10 A  may correspond to the antenna  654  of  FIG.  6 A . For example, the description provided with reference to  FIGS.  6 A to  6 C  may be equally or correspondingly applied to a description of the antenna  1054  of  FIG.  10 A . For example, the antenna  1054  according to an embodiment may include a dielectric body  1030  and a ground. The dielectric body  1030  and the ground of the antenna  1054  may correspond to the dielectric body  630  and the ground  650  of the antenna  654  of  FIG.  6 A , respectively. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 A , the antenna  1054  (e.g., the second antenna  254  in  FIG.  5   ) according to an embodiment may include a conductive patch  1010 , switches  1081  to  1096 , and/or patches  1061  to  1076 . 
     In an embodiment, the conductive patch  1010  may be disposed on the dielectric body  1030 . The conductive patch  1010  may have a shape obtained by removing, from a rectangle having a width W 1  and a length L 1 , a first area  1021 , a second area  1022 , a third area  1023 , and a fourth area  1024 . The first area  1021  may include a first corner  1011  of the rectangle, and the second area  1022  may include a second corner  1012  located in a diagonal direction relative to the first corner  1011  of the rectangle. The third area  1023  may include a third corner  1013  of the rectangle, and the fourth area  1024  may include a fourth corner  1014  located in a diagonal direction relative to the third corner  1013  of the rectangle. The first area  1021  may be a rectangle having a predetermined width W c  and a predetermined length L c  The rectangle having the width W 1  and the length L 1  may have a first size, and the first area  1021 , the second area  1022 , the third area  1023 , and the fourth area  1024  may have a second size smaller than the first size. 
     In an embodiment, the conductive patch  1010  may include a first virtual diagonal line DL 1  interconnecting the third corner  1013  and the fourth corner  1014  and a second virtual diagonal line DL 2  interconnecting the first corner  1011  and the second corner  1012 . In an embodiment, the length of the first diagonal line DL 1  may be substantially equal to that of the second diagonal line DL 2 . The first diagonal line DL 1  and the second diagonal line DL 2  may form a predetermined angle (e.g., about 90°). 
     In an embodiment, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to the first diagonal line DL 1  of the conductive patch  1010  and a second resonance frequency corresponding to the second diagonal line DL 2 . 
     The first and second RF signals having the first and second resonance frequencies, respectively, which are formed by the antenna  1054  according to an embodiment, may have first and second polarization characteristics, respectively. For example, the first RF signal having the first resonance frequency and the second RF signal having the second resonance frequency may have linear polarization characteristics. The first polarization of the first RF signal and the second polarization of the second RF signal may be orthogonal to each other. 
     In an embodiment, the patches  1061  to  1076  may include a first patch  1061 , a second patch  1062 , a third patch  1063 , a fourth patch  1064 , a fifth patch  1065 , a sixth patch  1066 , a seventh patch  1067 , an eighth patch  1068 , a ninth patch  1069 , a tenth patch  1070 , an eleventh patch  1071 , a twelfth patch  1072 , a thirteenth patch  1073 , a fourteenth patch  1074 , a fifteenth patch  1075 , and/or a sixteenth patch  1076 . In an embodiment, the patches  1061  to  1076  may include a conductive material, such as a metal foil. 
     In an embodiment, the switches  1081  to  1096  may include a first switch  1081 , a second switch  1082 , a third switch  1083 , a fourth switch  1084 , a fifth switch  1085 , a sixth switch  1086 , a seventh switch  1087 , an eighth switch  1088 , a ninth switch  1089 , a tenth switch  1090 , an eleventh switch  1091 , a twelfth switch  1092 , a thirteenth switch  1093 , a fourteenth switch  1094 , a fifteenth switch  1095 , and/or a sixteenth switch  1096 . 
     In an embodiment, the patches  1061  to  1076  or switches  1081  to  1096  may act as a matching circuit of the antenna  1054 . 
     In an embodiment, the first patch  1061 , the second patch  1062 , the third patch  1063 , the fourth patch  1064 , or the conductive patch  1010  may be spaced apart from each other. In an embodiment, the first patch  1061 , the second patch  1062 , the third patch  1063 , and/or the fourth patch  1064  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  1010 , and may be disposed in the first area  1021 . In an embodiment, the first switch  1081 , the second switch  1082 , the third switch  1083 , and/or the fourth switch  1084  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  1010 , and may be disposed in the first area  1021 . The first switch  1081  may be disposed in an electrical path between the conductive patch  1010  and the first patch  1061 . The first patch  1061  may be disposed between the first switch  1081  and the second switch  1082 . The second switch  1082  may be disposed in an electrical path between the first patch  1061  and the second patch  1062 . In an embodiment, the first switch  1081 , the first patch  1061 , the second switch  1082 , and the second patch  1062  may be located on a line along which the second diagonal line DL 2  extends. For example, the first switch  1081 , the first patch  1061 , the second switch  1082 , and the second patch  1062  may be aligned along the second diagonal line DL 2 . The first switch  1081 , the first patch  1061 , the second switch  1082 , and the second patch  1062  may be disposed in order in a direction away from the conductive patch  1010 . 
     In an embodiment, the third patch  1063  may be spaced apart from the second patch  1062 , and the third switch  1083  may be disposed in an electrical path between the third patch  1063  and the second patch  1062 . The third patch  1063  may be disposed in the first area  1021  in a direction from the second patch  1062  toward the third corner  1013 . The third patch  1063 , the third switch  1083 , and the second switch  1062  may be disposed along the width direction W 1  of the conductive patch  1010 . 
     In an embodiment, the fourth patch  1064  may be spaced apart from the second patch  1062 , and the fourth switch  1084  may be disposed in an electrical path between the second patch  1062  and the fourth patch  1064 . The fourth patch  1064  may be disposed in the first area  1021  in a direction from the second patch  1062  toward the fourth corner  1014 . The second patch  1062 , the fourth switch  1084 , and the fourth patch  1064  may be disposed along the length direction L 1  of the conductive patch  1010 . In an embodiment, the sizes and/or shapes of the first patch  1061 , the second patch  1062 , the third patch  1063 , and/or the fourth patch  1064  may be various. For example, the first patch  1061  may have a larger area than the second, third, and fourth patches  1062 ,  1063 , and  1064 . As another example, the sizes and/or shapes of the first patch  1061 , the second patch  1062 , the third patch  1063 , and/or the fourth patch  1064  may be different from each other. As another example, the sizes and/or shapes of the first patch  1061 , the second patch  1062 , the third patch  1063 , and/or the fourth patch  1064  may be substantially equal to each other. 
     In an embodiment, depending on the operating states of the first switch  1081 , the second switch  1082 , the third switch  1083 , and the fourth switch  1084 , the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  1010 , the first patch  1061 , the second patch  1062 , the third patch  1063 , and the fourth patch  1064  may be different from each other. Depending on the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  1010 , the first patch  1061 , the second patch  1062 , the third patch  1063 , and the fourth patch  1064 , the length of the electrical path corresponding the second diagonal line DL 2  of the conductive patch  1010  may vary. 
     In an embodiment, the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth patch  1066 , the seventh patch  1067 , the eighth patch  1068 , or the conductive patch  1010  may be spaced apart from each other. In an embodiment, the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth patch  1066 , the seventh patch  1067 , and/or the eighth patch  1068  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  1010 , and may be disposed in the second area  1022 . In an embodiment, the fifth switch  1085 , the sixth switch  1086 , the seventh switch  1087 , and/or the eighth switch  1088  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  1010 , and may be disposed in the second area  1022 . The fifth switch  1085  may be disposed in an electrical path between the conductive patch  1010  and the fifth patch  1065 . The fifth patch  1065  may be disposed between the fifth switch  1085  and the sixth switch  1086 . The sixth switch  1086  may be disposed in an electrical path between the fifth patch  1065  and the sixth patch  1066 . In an embodiment, the fifth switch  1085 , the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth switch  1086 , and the sixth patch  1066  may be located on a line along which the second diagonal line DL 2  extends. For example, in an embodiment, the fifth switch  1085 , the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth switch  1086 , and the sixth patch  1066  may be aligned along the second diagonal line DL 2 . The fifth switch  1085 , the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth switch  1086 , and the sixth patch  1066  may be disposed in order in a direction away from the conductive patch  1010 . 
     In an embodiment, the seventh patch  1067  may be spaced apart from the sixth patch  1066 , and the seventh switch  1087  may be disposed in an electrical path between the seventh patch  1067  and the sixth patch  1066 . The seventh patch  1067  may be disposed in the second area  1022  in a direction from the sixth patch  1066  toward the fourth corner  1014 . The seventh patch  1067 , the seventh switch  1087 , and the sixth switch  1066  may be disposed along the width direction W 1  of the conductive patch  1010 . 
     In an embodiment, the eighth patch  1068  may be spaced apart from the sixth patch  1066 , and the eighth switch  1088  may be disposed in an electrical path between the sixth patch  1066  and the eighth patch  1068 . The eighth patch  1068  may be disposed in the second area  1022  in a direction from the sixth patch  1066  toward the third corner  1013 . The sixth patch  1066 , the eighth switch  1088 , and the eighth patch  1068  may be disposed along the length direction L 1  of the conductive patch  1010 . In an embodiment, the sizes and/or shapes of the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth patch  1066 , the seventh patch  1067 , and/or the eighth patch  1068  may be various. For example, the fifth patch  1065  may have a larger area than the sixth, seventh, and eighth patches  1066 ,  1067 , and  1068 . As another example, the sizes and/or shapes of the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth patch  1066 , the seventh patch  1067 , and/or the eighth patch  1068  may be different from each other. As another example, the sizes and/or shapes of the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth patch  1066 , the seventh patch  1067 , and/or the eighth patch  1068  may be substantially equal to each other. 
     In an embodiment, depending on the operating states of the fifth switch  1085 , the sixth switch  1086 , the seventh switch  1087 , and the eighth switch  1088 , the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  1010 , the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth patch  1066 , the seventh patch  1067 , and the eighth patch  1068  may be different from each other. Depending on the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  1010 , the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth patch  1066 , the seventh patch  1067 , and the eighth patch  1068 , the length of the electrical path corresponding the second diagonal line DL 2  of the conductive patch  1010  may vary. 
     In an embodiment, the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the eleventh patch  1071 , the twelfth patch  1072 , or the conductive patch  1010  may be spaced apart from each other. In an embodiment, the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the eleventh patch  1071 , and/or the twelfth patch  1072  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  1010 , and may be disposed in the third area  1023 . In an embodiment, the ninth switch  1089 , the tenth switch  1090 , the eleventh switch  1091 , and/or the twelfth switch  1092  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  1010 , and may be disposed in the third area  1023 . The ninth switch  1089  may be disposed in an electrical path between the conductive patch  1010  and the ninth patch  1069 . The ninth patch  1069  may be disposed between the ninth switch  1089  and the tenth switch  1090 . The tenth switch  1090  may be disposed in an electrical path between the ninth patch  1069  and the tenth patch  1070 . In an embodiment, the ninth switch  1089 , the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth switch  1090 , and the tenth patch  1070  may be located on a line along which the first diagonal line DL 1  extends. For example, in an embodiment, the ninth switch  1089 , the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth switch  1090 , and the tenth patch  1070  may be aligned along the first diagonal line DL 1 . The ninth switch  1089 , the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth switch  1090 , and the tenth patch  1070  may be disposed in order in a direction away from the conductive patch  1010 . 
     In an embodiment, the eleventh patch  1071  may be spaced apart from the tenth patch  1070 , and the eleventh switch  1091  may be disposed in an electrical path between the eleventh patch  1071  and the tenth patch  1070 . The eleventh patch  1071  may be disposed in the third area  1023  in a direction from the tenth patch  1070  toward the first corner  1011 . The eleventh patch  1071 , the eleventh switch  1091 , and the sixth switch  1066  may be disposed along the width direction W 1  of the conductive patch  1010 . 
     In an embodiment, the twelfth patch  1072  may be spaced apart from the tenth patch  1070 , and the twelfth switch  1092  may be disposed in an electrical path between the tenth patch  1070  and the twelfth patch  1072 . The twelfth patch  1072  may be disposed in the third area  1023  in a direction from the tenth patch  1070  toward the second corner  1012 . The tenth patch  1070 , the twelfth switch  1092 , and the twelfth patch  1072  may be disposed along the length direction L 1  of the conductive patch  1010 . In an embodiment, the sizes and/or shapes of the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the eleventh patch  1071 , and/or the twelfth patch  1072  may be various. For example, the ninth patch  1069  may have a larger area than the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth patches  1070 ,  1071 , and  1072 . As another example, the sizes and/or shapes of the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the eleventh patch  1071 , and/or the twelfth patch  1072  may be different from each other. As another example, the sizes and/or shapes of the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the eleventh patch  1071 , and/or the twelfth patch  1072  may be substantially equal to each other. 
     In an embodiment, depending on the operating states of the ninth switch  1089 , the tenth switch  1090 , the eleventh switch  1091 , and the twelfth switch  1092 , the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  1010 , the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the eleventh patch  1071 , and the twelfth patch  1072  may be different from each other. Depending on the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  1010 , the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the eleventh patch  1071 , and the twelfth patch  1072 , the length of the electrical path corresponding the first diagonal line DL 1  of the conductive patch  1010  may vary. 
     In an embodiment, the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth patch  1074 , the fifteenth patch  1075 , the sixteenth patch  1076 , or the conductive patch  1010  may be spaced apart from each other. In an embodiment, the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth patch  1074 , the fifteenth patch  1075 , and/or the sixteenth patch  1076  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  1010 , and may be disposed in the fourth area  1024 . In an embodiment, the thirteenth switch  1093 , the fourteenth switch  1094 , the fifteenth switch  1095 , and/or the sixteenth switch  1096  may be spaced apart from the conductive patch  1010 , and may be disposed in the fourth area  1024 . The thirteenth switch  1093  may be disposed in an electrical path between the conductive patch  1010  and the thirteenth patch  1073 . The thirteen patch  1073  may be disposed between the thirteenth switch  1093  and the fourteenth switch  1094 . The fourteenth switch  1094  may be disposed in an electrical path between the thirteenth patch  1073  and the fourteenth patch  1074 . In an embodiment, the thirteenth switch  1093 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth switch  1094 , and the fourteenth patch  1074  may be located on a line along which the first diagonal line DL 1  extends. For example, in an embodiment, the thirteenth switch  1093 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth switch  1094 , and the fourteenth patch  1074  may be aligned along the first diagonal line DL 1 . The thirteenth switch  1093 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth switch  1094 , and the fourteenth patch  1074  may be disposed in order in a direction away from the conductive patch  1010 . 
     In an embodiment, the fifth patch  1075  may be spaced apart from the fourteenth patch  1074 , and the fifth switch  1095  may be disposed in an electrical path between the fifteenth patch  1075  and the fourteenth patch  1074 . The fifteenth patch  1075  may be disposed in the fourth area  1024  in a direction from the fourteenth patch  1074  toward the second corner  1012 . The fifth patch  1075 , the fifteenth switch  1095 , and the sixth switch  1066  may be disposed along the width direction W 1  of the conductive patch  1010 . 
     In an embodiment, the sixteenth patch  1076  may be spaced apart from the fourteenth patch  1074 , and the sixteenth switch  1096  may be disposed in an electrical path between the fourteenth patch  1074  and the sixteenth patch  1076 . The sixteenth patch  1076  may be disposed in the fourth area  1024  in a direction from the fourteenth patch  1074  toward the first corner  1011 . The fourteenth patch  1074 , the sixteenth switch  1096 , and the sixteenth patch  1076  may be disposed along the length direction L 1  of the conductive patch  1010 . In an embodiment, the sizes and/or shapes of the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth patch  1074 , the fifteenth patch  1075 , and/or the sixteenth patch  1076  may be various. For example, the thirteenth patch  1073  may have a larger area than the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth patches  1074 ,  1075 , and  1076 . As another example, the sizes and/or shapes of the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth patch  1074 , the fifteenth patch  1075 , and/or the sixteenth patch  1076  may be different from each other. As another example, the sizes and/or shapes of the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth patch  1074 , the fifteenth patch  1075 , and/or the sixteenth patch  1076  may be substantially equal to each other. 
     In an embodiment, depending on the operating states of the thirteenth switch  1093 , the fourteenth switch  1094 , the fifteenth switch  1095 , and the sixteenth switch  1096 , the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  1010 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth patch  1074 , the fifteenth patch  1075 , and the sixteenth patch  1076  may be different from each other. Depending on the electrical connection states of the conductive patch  1010 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth patch  1074 , the fifteenth patch  1075 , and the sixteenth patch  1076 , the length of the electrical path corresponding the first diagonal line DL 1  of the conductive patch  1010  may vary. 
     In an embodiment, the switches  1081  to  1096 , and  984  may include various components that may change the electrical connection states among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 . For example, switches  1081  to  1096  may each include a PIN diode. 
     In an embodiment, a UWB IC (e.g., the UWB IC  292  in  FIG.  2   ) may control the switches  1081  to  1096 . For example, by applying a DC voltage to at least one of the switches  1081  to  1096 , the UWB IC may change the electrical connection states between the conductive patch  1010  and the patches  1061  to  1076 . 
     In an embodiment, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to the first diagonal line DL 1  and a second resonance frequency corresponding to the second diagonal line DL 2 . In an embodiment, the UWB IC (e.g., the UWB IC  292  in  FIG.  2   ) may transmit or receive an RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency and/or the second resonance frequency. 
     In an embodiment, depending on the operating states of the switches  1081  to  1096  (or the electrical connection states between the conductive patch  1010  and the patches  1061  to  1076 ), the resonance frequency formed by the antenna  1054  may vary. Resonance frequencies formed by the antenna  1054  according to the electrical connection states are shown in Table 3 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 1 st  resonance 
                 2 nd  resonance 
               
               
                 Connection state 
                 frequency 
                 frequency 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                  1 st  state 
                 — 
                 Ch. 9 
                 Ch. 9 
               
               
                  2 nd  state 
                 Vx 
                 Ch. 8 
                 Ch. 9 
               
               
                  3 rd  state 
                 Vx, Vy 
                 Ch. 6 
                 Ch. 9 
               
               
                  4 th  state 
                 Vx, Vy, Vz 
                 Ch. 5 
                 Ch. 9 
               
               
                  5 th  state 
                 Hx 
                 Ch. 9 
                 Ch. 8 
               
               
                  6 th  state 
                 Vx, Hx 
                 Ch. 8 
                 Ch. 8 
               
               
                  7 th  state 
                 Vx, Vy, Hx 
                 Ch. 6 
                 Ch. 8 
               
               
                  8 th  state 
                 Vx, Vy, Vz, Hx 
                 Ch. 5 
                 Ch. 8 
               
               
                  9 th  state 
                 Hx, Hy 
                 Ch. 9 
                 Ch. 6 
               
               
                 10 th  state 
                 Vx, Hx, Hy 
                 Ch. 8 
                 Ch. 6 
               
               
                 11 th  state 
                 Vx, Vy, Hx, Hy 
                 Ch. 6 
                 Ch. 6 
               
               
                 12 th  state 
                 Vx, Vy, Vz, Hx, Hy 
                 Ch. 5 
                 Ch. 6 
               
               
                 13 th  state 
                 Hx, Hy, Hz 
                 Ch. 9 
                 Ch. 5 
               
               
                 14 th  state 
                 Vx, Hx, Hy, Hz 
                 Ch. 8 
                 Ch. 5 
               
               
                 15 th  state 
                 Vx, Vy, Hx, Hy, Hz 
                 Ch. 6 
                 Ch. 5 
               
               
                 16 th  state 
                 Vx, Vy, Vz, Hx, Hy, Hz 
                 Ch. 5 
                 Ch. 5 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The channels (Chs.) of Table 3 are based on the IEEE 802.15.4a UWB communication protocol, but are not limited thereto. 
     In Table 3, Hx may indicate that the first patch  1061  is electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010  via the first switch  1081 , and the fifth patch  1065  is electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010  via the fifth switch  1085 . 
     In Table 3, Hy may indicate that the second patch  1062  is electrically connected to the first patch  1061  via the second switch  1082 , and the sixth patch  1066  is electrically connected to the fifth patch  1065  via the sixth switch  1086 . 
     In Table 3, Hz may indicate that the third patch  1063  and the fourth patch  1064  are electrically connected to the second patch  1062  via the third switch  1083  and the fourth switch  1084 , and the seventh patch  1067  and the eighth patch  1068  are electrically connected to the sixth patch  1066  via the seventh switch  1087  and the eighth switch  1088 . 
     In Table 3, Vx may indicate that the ninth patch  1069  is electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010  via the ninth switch  1089 , and the thirteenth patch  1073  is electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010  via the thirteenth switch  1093 . 
     In Table 3, Vy may indicate that the tenth patch  1070  is electrically connected to the ninth patch  1069  via the tenth switch  1090 , and the fourteenth patch  1074  is electrically connected to the thirteenth patch  1073  via the fourteenth switch  1094 . 
     In Table 3, Vz may indicate that the eleventh patch  1071  and the twelfth patch  1072  are electrically connected to the tenth patch  1070  via the eleventh switch  1091  and the twelfth switch  1092 , and the fifteenth patch  1075  and the sixteenth patch  1076  are electrically connected to the fourteenth patch  1074  via the fifteenth switch  1095  and the sixteenth switch  1096 . 
     In Table 3, the first state may be the state in which the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054  are all turned off. For example, the first state may be the state in which all of the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054  are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the first state, a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency formed by the antenna  1054  may be substantially equal to each other. For example, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 9. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 B , in the first state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency of about 8 GHz. 
     In an embodiment, in the first state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In an embodiment, referring to  FIG.  10 F , as polarizations orthogonal to each other are combined in substantially the same frequency band, the RF signal transmitted and received by the antenna  1054  in the first state may have a circular polarization characteristic. The antenna  1054  in the first state having the circular polarization characteristic may have an increased bandwidth and radiation efficiency compared to those in the second state, the third state, and the fourth state. 
     In Table 3, the second state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1086  of the antenna  1054 , only the ninth switch  1089  and the thirteenth switch  1093  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. For example, the second state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the ninth patch  1069  and the thirteenth patch  1073  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the second state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 8 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 9. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 B , in the second state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 7.5 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 8 GHz. In an embodiment, in the second state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the third state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the ninth switch  1089 , the tenth switch  1090 , the thirteenth switch  1093 , and the fourteenth switch  1094  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. For example, the third state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , and the fourteenth patch  1074  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the third state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 6 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 9. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 B , in the third state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 7 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 8 GHz. In an embodiment, in the third state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the fourth state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the ninth switch  1089 , the tenth switch  1090 , the eleventh switch  1091 , the twelfth switch  1092 , the thirteenth switch  1093 , the fourteenth switch  1094 , the fifteenth switch  1095 , and the sixteenth switch  1096  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. For example, the fourth state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the eleventh patch  1071 , the twelfth patch  1072 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth patch  1074 , the fifteenth patch  1075 , and the sixteenth patch  1076  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the fourth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 9. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 B , in the fourth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 8 GHz. In an embodiment, in the fourth state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the fifth state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the first switch  1081  and the fifth switch  1085  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. For example, the fifth state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the first patch  1061  and the fifth patch  1065  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the fifth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 9 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 8. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 C , in the fifth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 8 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 7.5 GHz. In an embodiment, in the fifth state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the sixth state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the first switch  1081 , the fifth switch  1085 , the ninth switch  1089 , and the thirteenth switch  1093  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. The sixth state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the first patch  1061 , the fifth patch  1065 , the ninth patch  1069 , and the thirteenth patch  1073  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the sixth state, a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency formed by the antenna  1054  may be substantially equal to each other. For example, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 8. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 C , in the sixth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency of about 7.5 GHz. 
     In an embodiment, in the sixth state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In an embodiment, referring to  FIG.  10 F , as polarizations orthogonal to each other are combined in substantially the same frequency band, the RF signal transmitted and received by the antenna  1054  in the sixth state may have a circular polarization characteristic. Referring to  FIG.  10 C , the antenna  1054  in the sixth state having the circular polarization characteristic may have an increased bandwidth and radiation efficiency compared to those in the fifth state, the seventh state, and the eighth state. 
     In Table 3, the seventh state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the first switch  1081 , the fifth switch  1085 , the ninth switch  1089 , the tenth switch  1090 , the thirteenth switch  1093 , and the fourteenth switch  1094  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. For example, the third state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the first patch  1061 , the fifth patch  1062 , the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , and the fourteenth patch  1074  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the seventh state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 6 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 8. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 C , in the seventh state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 7 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 7.5 GHz. In an embodiment, in the seventh state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the eighth state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the first switch  1081 , the fifth switch  1085 , the ninth switch  1089 , the tenth switch  1090 , the eleventh switch  1091 , the twelfth switch  1092 , the thirteenth switch  1093 , the fourteenth switch  1094 , the fifteenth switch  1095 , and the sixteenth switch  1096  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. For example, the eighth state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the first patch  1061 , the fifth patch  1065 , the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the eleventh patch  1071 , the twelfth patch  1072 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth patch  1074 , the fifteenth patch  1075 , and the sixteenth patch  1076  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the eighth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 8. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 C , in the eighth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 7.5 GHz. In an embodiment, in the eighth state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the ninth state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the first switch  1081 , the second switch  1082 , the fifth switch  1085 , and the sixth switch  1086  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. For example, the ninth state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the first patch  1061 , the second patch  1062 , the fifth patch  1065 , and the sixth patch  1066  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the ninth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 9 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 6. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 D , in the ninth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 8 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 7 GHz. In an embodiment, in the ninth state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the tenth state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the first switch  1081 , the second switch  1082 , the fifth switch  1085 , the sixth switch  1086 , the ninth switch  1089 , and the thirteenth switch  1093  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. For example, the tenth state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the first patch  1061 , the second patch  1062 , the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth patch  1066 , the ninth patch  1069 , and the thirteenth patch  1073  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the tenth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 8 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 6. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 D , in the tenth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 7.5 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 7 GHz. In an embodiment, in the tenth state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the eleventh state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the first switch  1081 , the second switch  1082 , the fifth switch  1085 , the sixth switch  1086 , the ninth switch  1089 , the tenth switch  1090 , the thirteenth switch  1093 , and the fourteenth switch  1094  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. For example, the eleventh state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the first patch  1061 , the second patch  1062 , the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth patch  1066 , the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , and the fourteenth patch  1074  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the eleventh state, a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency formed by the antenna  1054  may be substantially equal to each other. For example, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 6. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 D , in the eleventh state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency of about 7 GHz. 
     In an embodiment, in the eleventh state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. In an embodiment, referring to  FIG.  10 F , as polarizations orthogonal to each other are combined in substantially the same frequency band, the RF signal transmitted and received by the antenna  1054  in the eleventh state may have a circular polarization characteristic. Referring to  FIG.  10 D , the antenna  1054  in the eleventh state having the circular polarization characteristic may have an increased bandwidth and radiation efficiency compared to those in the ninth state, the tenth state, and the twelfth state. 
     In Table 3, the twelfth state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the first switch  1081 , the second switch  1082 , the fifth switch  1085 , the sixth switch  1086 , the ninth switch  1089 , the tenth switch  1090 , the eleventh switch  1091 , the twelfth switch  1092 , the thirteenth switch  1093 , the fourteenth switch  1094 , the fifteenth switch  1095 , and the sixteenth switch  1096  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. For example, the twelfth state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the first patch  1061 , the second patch  1062 , the fifth patch  1065 , the sixth path  1066 , the ninth patch  1069 , the tenth patch  1070 , the eleventh patch  1071 , the twelfth patch  1072 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , the fourteenth patch  1074 , the fifteenth patch  1075 , and the sixteenth patch  1076  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the twelfth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 6. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 D , in the twelfth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 7 GHz. In an embodiment, in the twelfth state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the thirteenth state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the first to eighth switches  1081  to  1088  are turned on, and the remaining switches (the ninth to sixteenth switches  1089  to  1096 ) are turned off. For example, the thirteenth state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the first to eighth patches  1061  to  1068  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches (the ninth to sixteenth patches  1069  to  1076  are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the thirteenth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 9 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 E , in the thirteenth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 8 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz. In an embodiment, in the thirteenth state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the fourteenth state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the first to ninth switches  1081  to  1089  and the thirteenth switch  1093  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off. For example, the fourteenth state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the first to ninth patches  1061  to  1069  and the thirteenth patch  1073  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the fourteenth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 8 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 E , in the fourteenth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 7.5 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz. In an embodiment, in the fourteenth state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the fifteenth state may be the state in which, among the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054 , the first to tenth switches  1081  to  1090 , the thirteenth switch  1093 , and the fourteenth switch  1094  are turned on, and the remaining switches are turned off For example, the fifteenth state may be the state in which, among the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054 , the first to tenth patches  1061  to  1070 , the thirteenth patch  1073 , and the fourteenth patch  1074  are electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 , and the remaining patches are not electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the fifteenth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 6 and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 E , in the fifteenth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency of about 7 GHz and a second resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz. In an embodiment, in the fifteenth state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. 
     In Table 3, the sixteenth state may be the state in which the switches  1081  to  1096  of the antenna  1054  are all turned on. For example, the sixteenth state may be the state in which the patches  1061  to  1076  of the antenna  1054  are all electrically connected to the conductive patch  1010 . In the sixteenth state, a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency formed by the antenna  1054  may be substantially equal to each other. For example, the antenna  1054  in the sixteenth state may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency corresponding to Ch. 5. For example, referring to  FIG.  10 E , in the sixteenth state, the antenna  1054  may form a first resonance frequency and a second resonance frequency of about 6.5 GHz. 
     In an embodiment, in the sixteenth state, the RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and the RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may have the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. In an embodiment, referring to  FIG.  10 F , as polarizations orthogonal to each other are combined in substantially the same frequency band, the RF signal transmitted and received by the antenna  1054  in the sixteenth state may have a circular polarization characteristic. Referring to  FIG.  10 E , the antenna  1054  in the sixteenth state having the circular polarization characteristic may have an increased bandwidth and radiation efficiency compared to those in the thirteenth state, the fourteenth state, and the fifteenth state. 
     In an embodiment, the fact that the RF signals corresponding to the first and second resonance frequencies of the antenna  1054  have different polarization characteristics may be understood through the description provided above with reference to  FIGS.  6 C and  7 E . 
     In an embodiment, by controlling the switches  1081  to  1096 , the UWB IC may variably control the channels and/or polarization characteristics of the RF signals transmitted and received from the antenna  1054  according to various communication environments. 
     A plurality of antennas  1054  according to an embodiment may be included in an antenna structure (e.g., the antenna structure  754  in  FIG.  7 A ). In this case, the plurality of antennas  1054  may be arranged substantially the same as those illustrated in  FIG.  7 A . 
       FIG.  11    illustrates a switch circuit including a PIN diode according to an embodiment. 
     The description made for each of the switches with reference to  FIGS.  8 A,  9 A , and  10 A may be correspondingly applied to a description to be provided with reference to  FIG.  11   . For example, the PIN diode  1181 , the first patch  1161 , and the second patch  1162  of  FIG.  11    may correspond to the first switch  881 , the conductive patch  610 , and the first patch  861  of  FIG.  8 A , respectively. As another example, the PIN diode  1181 , the first patch  1161 , and the second patch  1162  of  FIG.  11    may correspond to the second switch  982 , the conductive patch  910 , and the second patch  962  of  FIG.  9 A , respectively. As another example, the PIN diode  1181 , the first patch  1161 , and the second patch  1162  of  FIG.  11    may correspond to the third switch  1083 , the second patch  1062 , and the third patch  1063  of  FIG.  10 A , respectively. 
     Referring to  FIG.  11   , a transmission line  1186  may be connected to a power input terminal  1182  and a ground terminal  1183 . The PIN diode  1181  may be disposed between the power input terminal  1182  and the ground terminal  1183 . A first inductor  1184  may be disposed between the power input terminal  1182  and the PIN diode  1181 . A second inductor  1185  may be disposed between the PIN diode  1181  and the ground terminal  1183 . The first inductor  1184  and the second inductor  1185  may operate as an RF choke for blocking a frequency component such as an RF signal. The transmission line  1186  may be branched between the first inductor  1184  and the PIN diode  1181  and electrically connected to the first patch  1161 . A first capacitor  1187  may be disposed between the branching point of the transmission line  1186  and the first patch  1161 . The transmission line  1186  may be branched between the PIN diode  1181  and the second inductor  1185  and electrically connected to the second patch  1162 . A second capacitor  1188  may be disposed between the branching point of the transmission line  1186  and the second patch  1162 . The first capacitor  1187  and/or the second capacitor  1188  may block a DC voltage. The ground terminal  1183  may be connected to a ground (e.g., the ground  650  in  FIG.  6 A  or another ground separated from the ground  650 ) via, for example, a conductive via that at least partially penetrates a dielectric body (e.g., the dielectric body  630  in  FIG.  6 A ) of an antenna (e.g., the antenna  654  in  FIG.  6 A ). 
     In an embodiment, a UWB IC (e.g., the UWB IC  292  in  FIG.  2   ) may apply a DC voltage to the PIN diode  1181  via the transmission line  1186 . When the DC voltage is applied, the current fed to the antenna (e.g., the second antenna  254  in  FIG.  2   ) may flow between the first patch  1161  and the second patch  1162  via the PIN diode  1181 . When the DC voltage is not applied to the PIN diode  1181 , the current fed to the antenna may not pass through the PIN diode  1181 . 
     In an embodiment, the state in which a DC voltage is applied to the PIN diode  1181  may be referred to as the state in which the switches of  FIGS.  8 A to  10 A  are turned on. 
     In an embodiment, the state in which no DC voltage is applied to the PIN diode  1181  may be referred to as the state in which the switches of  FIGS.  8 A to  10 A  are turned off 
       FIG.  12    illustrates an electronic device according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  12   , an electronic device  1201  according to an embodiment may include a housing  1230 , a display  1260 , and/or an antenna  1254 . According to an embodiment, the electronic device  1201  of  FIG.  12    may include at least some of the components illustrated in  FIGS.  1  and  2    in addition to the illustrated components. The electronic device  1201  may be a vehicle smartkey for controlling a function such as a locked state of the vehicle, opening/closing of a door, or starting. 
     In an embodiment, the housing  1230  may define at least a portion of the exterior of the electronic device  1201 . The housing  1230  may define an inner space of the electronic device  1201  in which various components are mounted. 
     In an embodiment, the display  1260  may be mounted within the housing  1230 . The display  1260  may provide various items of visual information to the user. For example, the display  1260  may display a first object  1261  for indicating the current position of a user who possesses the electronic device  1201 , a second object  1262  for indicating the position of an external device from the current position of the user who possesses the electronic device  1201 , and/or a third object  1263  for indicating a distance between the electronic device  1201  and the external device. 
     In an embodiment, the antenna  1254  may be disposed in the space defined by the housing  1230 . The antenna  1254  may include the second antenna  254  of  FIG.  2   , the antenna  654  of  FIG.  6 A , the antenna structure  754  of  FIG.  7 A , the antenna  854  of  FIG.  8 A , the antenna  954  of  FIG.  9 A , or the antenna  1054  of  FIG.  10 A . 
       FIG.  13    illustrates an electronic device according to an embodiment. 
       FIG.  14    illustrates the electronic device according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  13  and  14   , an electronic device  1301  according to an embodiment may include a housing  1330 , a display  1360 , a first binding member  1310 , a second binding member  1320 , and/or an antenna  1354 . However, the electronic device  1301  according to an embodiment may include a component in addition to the components illustrated in  FIGS.  13  and  14   . For example, the electronic device  1301  according to an embodiment may include at least one of the components illustrated in  FIGS.  1  and  2   . For example, the electronic device  1301  of  FIGS.  13  and  14    may be a wearable electronic device that is wearable on a user&#39;s body (e.g., a wrist). 
     In an embodiment, the first binding member  1310  and the second binding member  1320  may be connected to the housing  1330 . 
     In an embodiment, the display  1360  may be disposed in the space defined by the housing  1330 . In an embodiment, a portion of the housing  1330  overlapping the display  1360  may be formed of a substantially transparent material so that the display  1360  is visible to the user. 
     In an embodiment, the first binding member  1310  and the second binding member  1320  may be coupled to a portion of the housing  1330 . As illustrated in  FIG.  14   , the first binding member  1310  and the second binding member  1320  may be configured to be detachably worn a portion of a user&#39;s body, such as a wrist. For example, the first binding member  1310  may include a guide member  1311  and a fixing member  1312 , and the second binding member  1320  may include fixing holes  1313 . The electronic device  1301  may be worn on a user&#39;s body by inserting the second binding member  1320  into the guide member  1311  and the fixing member  1312  into one of the fixing holes  1313 . However, embodiments of the disclosure are not limited by the above-described example. 
     In an embodiment, the antenna  1354  may be disposed on the second binding member  1320 . In another embodiment, the antenna  1354  may be disposed on the first binding member  1310  or in the space defined the housing  1330 . In an embodiment, the antenna  1354  may include the second antenna  254  of  FIG.  2   , the antenna  654  of  FIG.  6 A , the antenna structure  754  of  FIG.  7 A , the antenna  854  of  FIG.  8 A , the antenna  954  of  FIG.  9 A , or the antenna  1054  of  FIG.  10 A . 
       FIG.  15    is a flowchart illustrating operations of controlling, by an electronic device according to an embodiment, a channel and/or a polarization of an antenna. 
     The operations of  FIG.  15    may be performed by the electronic device  101  of  FIG.  2   , the electronic device  1201  of  FIG.  12   , or the electronic device  1301  of  FIG.  13   . For example, the operations of  FIG.  15    may be performed by the processor  120  and/or the UWB IC  292  of the electronic device. Hereinafter, a description will be made with reference to the electronic device  101  and the processor  120  of the electronic device  101 . 
     In operation  1501 , the electronic device  101  may execute an application utilizing UWB. For example, the processor  120  of the electronic device  101  may execute an application utilizing UWB. The application utilizing UWB may include, for example, an application for detecting the position of an external device utilizing UWB communication. 
     In operation  1503 , the electronic device  101  may identify whether an external device  104  is present or not by using the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna). For example, when receiving an RF signal from an external device  104  by using the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna), the processor  120  may determine that an external device  104  is present. When an RF signal is not received from an external device  104  by using the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna), the processor  120  may determine that no external device  104  is present. The RF signal provided from the external device  104  may be provided in response to a signal transmitted by the electronic device  101  to the external device  104  by using the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna), but is not limited thereto. For example, even if the external device  104  does not receive the signal from the electronic device  101 , the external device  104  may transmit an RF signal to a free space at a predetermined interval and/or for a predetermined period of time. 
     In operation  1505 , when the external device  104  is determined to be present, the electronic device  101  may perform operation  1507 , and when not, the operation may be terminated. In another embodiment, when the external device  104  is determined not to be present, the electronic device  101  may perform operation  1503  again. 
     In another embodiment, operations  1503  and  1505  may be omitted. When operations  1503  and  1505  are omitted, the electronic device  101  may perform operation  1507  after performing operation  1501 . 
     In operation  1507 , the electronic device  101  may measure the position of an external device  104  by using the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna). For example, the processor  120  of the electronic device  101  may determine the position of the external device  104  by using the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna). As for the method of determining the position of the external device  104 , the description provided with reference to  FIG.  2    may be applied. 
     In operation  1509 , the electronic device  101  may identify a communication channel and a polarization that satisfy a predetermined communication performance with the external device  104 . For example, the processor  120  of the electronic device  101  may sweep a communication channel and a polarization by using the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna) and acquire a parameter value related to communication performance (e.g., reception sensitivity). Based on the acquired parameter value, the processor  120  may determine a communication channel and/or a polarization that satisfy the predetermined communication performance (e.g., a communication channel and/or a polarization having the highest reception sensitivity value) based on the acquired parameter value. The processor  120  may perform wireless communication with the external device  104  by using the determined communication channel and polarization. 
     In another embodiment, operation  1509  may be performed before performing operation  1507 . In another embodiment, operation  1509  may be performed substantially simultaneously with operation  1507 . 
     In operation  1511 , the electronic device  101  may determine whether communication quality has deteriorated. For example, the processor  120  of the electronic device  101  may detect a parameter value related to communication performance with the external device  104  (e.g., reception sensitivity) at a predetermined time interval. The parameter value may correspond to a communication channel and/or a polarization used by the electronic device  101  for wireless communication with the external device  104 . In an embodiment, the processor  120  may identify whether the parameter value detected at the predetermined time interval has decreased. When detected parameter value is identified to have decreased, the processor  120  may perform operation  1513 , and when not, the processor  120  may perform operation  1517 . 
     In operation  1513 , the electronic device  101  may identify whether the mounting state of the electronic device  101  is changed. For example, the processor  120  of the electronic device  101  may determine whether the mounting state of the electronic device  101  has changed based on information (or data) on the posture of the electronic device  101  provided from the sensor unit  276 . The information (or data) provided from the sensor unit  276  to the processor  120  may include information related to the acceleration and/or rotated angle of the electronic device  101  about the three axes (e.g., the x axis, y axis, and z axis). In operation  1513 , when the mounting state of the electronic device  101  is identified to have changed, the processor  120  may perform operation  1515 , and when not, the processor  120  may perform operation  1519 . 
     In operation  1515 , the electronic device  101  may change the polarization. For example, when communication quality is identified to have deteriorated in operation  1511  and the mounting state of the electronic device  101  is identified to have changed in operation  1513 , the processor  120  of the electronic device  101  may change the polarization of an RF signal transmitted and/or received via the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna). 
     For example, referring to  FIG.  9 A  and Table 2, the processor  120  may change the state of the antenna  954  from the second state to the third state. In the second state, an RF signal corresponding to Ch. 5 of the antenna  954  may have the first polarization characteristic, and an RF signal corresponding to Ch. 9 may have the second polarization characteristic orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. In the third state, an RF signal corresponding to Ch. 5 of the antenna  954  may have the second polarization characteristic, and an RF signal corresponding to Ch. 9 may have the first polarization characteristic. 
     As another example, referring to  FIG.  10 A  and Table 3, the processor  120  may change the state of the antenna  1054  from the second state to the fifth state. In the second state, an RF signal corresponding to Ch. 8 of the antenna  1054  may have the first polarization characteristic, and an RF signal corresponding to Ch. 9 may have the second polarization characteristic orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic. In the fifth state, an RF signal corresponding to Ch. 8 of the antenna  1054  may have the second polarization characteristic, and an RF signal corresponding to Ch. 9 may have the first polarization characteristic. 
     As another example, referring to  FIG.  10 A  and Table 3, the processor  120  of the electronic device  101  may change the state of the antenna  1054  from the second state to the second state. In the second state, an RF signal corresponding to Ch. 9 of the antenna  1054  may have the second polarization characteristic as a linear polarization. In the first state, an RF signal corresponding to Ch. 9 of the antenna  1054  may have a circular polarization characteristic. In operation  1515 , an example in which the electronic device  101  changes the polarization is not limited to the above-described example. After performing operation  1515 , the electronic device  101  may perform operation  1511 . 
     In operation  1519 , the electronic device  101  may change the channel. For example, communication quality is identified to have deteriorated in operation  1511  and the mounting state of the electronic device  101  is identified not to have changed in operation  1513 , the processor  120  of the electronic device  101  may change the communication channel of the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna). 
     As another example, referring to  FIG.  8 A  and Table 1, the processor  120  may change the state of the antenna  854  from the second state to the fifth state. In the first state, an RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  854  may correspond to Ch. 5, and an RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may correspond to Ch. 6. In the second state, an RF signal corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the antenna  854  may correspond to Ch. 5, and an RF signal corresponding to the second resonance frequency may correspond to Ch. 8. 
     As another example, referring to  FIG.  9 A  and Table 2, the processor  120  may change the state of the antenna  954  from the first state to the fourth state. In the first state, the RF signal transmitted and/or received by the antenna  954  may correspond to Ch. 9. In the fourth state, the RF signal transmitted and/or received by the antenna  954  may correspond to Ch. 5. 
     As another example, referring to  FIG.  10 A  and Table 3, the processor  120  may change the state of the antenna  1054  from the second state to the twelfth state. In the second state, the RF signal transmitted and/or received by the antenna  1054  may correspond to Ch. 8 and Ch. 9. In the twelfth state, the RF signal transmitted and/or received by the antenna  1054  may correspond to Ch. 5 and Ch. 6. 
     In operation  1519 , an example in which the electronic device  101  changes the channel is not limited to the above-described example. After performing operation  1519 , the electronic device  101  may perform operation  1511 . 
     In operation  1517 , the electronic device  101  may maintain the channel and the polarization. For example, when communication quality is identified not to have deteriorated in operation  1511 , the processor  120  may maintain the channel and polarization communication by using the antenna  250  (e.g., UWB antenna). After performing operation  1517 , the electronic device  101  may perform operation  1511 . 
     An electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  101  of  FIG.  5   ) according to an embodiment may include: a first antenna (e.g., the second antenna  254  of  FIG.  5   ); and at least one processor (e.g., the processor  120  of  FIG.  1    and/or the UWB IC  292  of  FIG.  2   ) operatively coupled to the first antenna. The first antenna may include: a first conductive patch disposed on a first layer (e.g., the conductive patch  610  of  FIG.  6 A  or the first conductive patch  710 - 1  of  FIG.  7 A ) disposed on a first layer; a first transmission line (e.g., the transmission line  640  of  FIG.  6 F  or the first transmission line  740 - 1  of  FIG.  7 A ) disposed on the first layer and electrically connected to a point of the first conductive patch; a ground (e.g., the ground  650  of  FIG.  6 A ) disposed on a second layer; and a dielectric body (e.g., the dielectric  630  of  FIG.  6 A ) disposed on a third layer between the first layer and the second layer. The first conductive patch may have a shape obtained by removing, from a rectangle having a first size, a first area (e.g., the first area  621  of  FIG.  6 A ) including a first corner (e.g., the first corner  611  of  FIG.  6 A ) and having a second size smaller than the first size and a second area (e.g., the second area  622  of  FIG.  6 A ) including a second corner (e.g., the second corner  612  of  FIG.  6 A ) disposed in a diagonal direction relative to the first corner and having the second size. The at least one processor may be configured to transmit and/or receive at least one of a first radio frequency (RF) signal of a first frequency band having a first polarization characteristic and a second RF signal of a second frequency band having a second polarization characteristic distinct from the first polarization characteristic by feeding power to the first conductive patch via the first transmission line. 
     In an embodiment, the first conductive patch may include: a first slot (e.g., the first slot  761  of  FIG.  7 B ) provided in an area including the center of the first conductive patch; and a second slot (e.g., the second slot  762  and/or the third slot  763  of  FIG.  7 B ) provided at a point on an edge of the first conductive patch and extending to the inner side of the first conductive patch in a direction perpendicular to the edge. 
     The electronic device according to an embodiment may further include: a second conductive patch (e.g., the second conductive patch  710 - 2  of  FIG.  7 A ) disposed on the first layer; a second transmission line (e.g., the second transmission line  740 - 2  of  FIG.  7 A ) disposed on the first layer and electrically connected to a point of the second conductive patch; a third conductive patch (e.g., the third conductive patch  710 - 3  of  FIG.  7 A ) disposed on the first layer; and a third transmission line (e.g., the third transmission line  740 - 3  of  FIG.  7 A ) disposed on the first layer and electrically connected to a point of the third conductive patch. The second conductive patch and the third conductive patch may have a shape equal to that of the first conductive patch, and the at least one processor may be configured to transmit and/or receive at least one of the first RF signal and the second RF signal by feeding power to the second conductive patch via the second transmission line and feeding power to the third conductive patch via the third transmission line. 
     In an embodiment, the first conductive patch, the second conductive patch, and the third conductive patch may be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, and the first conductive patch, the second conductive patch, and the third conductive patch may be disposed such that a line segment (e.g., the line segment D 1  of  FIG.  7 A ) interconnecting the centers of the first conductive patch and the second conductive patch and a line segment (e.g., the line segment D 2  of  FIG.  7 A ) interconnecting the centers of the second conductive patch and the third conductive patch are not parallel to each other. 
     In an embodiment, the first conductive patch and the second conductive patch may be disposed to face each other in the areas from which the corners are removed. 
     In an embodiment, the first polarization characteristic and the second polarization characteristic may be substantially orthogonal to each other, and the first frequency band and the second frequency band may be different from each other. 
     In an embodiment, The first antenna may include: a first patch (e.g., the first patch  861  of  FIG.  8 A ) disposed in the first area; a first switch (e.g., the first switch  881  of  FIG.  8 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the first patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the first patch; a second patch (e.g., the second patch  862  of  FIG.  8 A ) disposed in the first area; a second switch (e.g., the second switch  882  of  FIG.  8 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first patch and the second patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first patch and the second patch; a third patch (e.g., the third patch  863  of  FIG.  8 A ) disposed in the second area; a third switch (e.g., the third switch  883  of  FIG.  8 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the third patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the third patch; a fourth patch (e.g., the fourth patch  864  of  FIG.  8 A ) disposed in the second area; and a fourth switch (e.g., the fourth switch  884  of  FIG.  8 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the third patch and the fourth patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the third patch and the fourth patch. The first switch, the first patch, the second switch, the second patch, the third switch, the third patch, the fourth switch, and the fourth patch may be located on a diagonal line (e.g., the first diagonal line DL 1  of  FIG.  8 A ) interconnecting the first corner and the second corner. 
     In an embodiment, the at least one processor may be configured to: transmit and/or receive the first RF signal of the first frequency band the first RF signal of the first frequency band having the first polarization characteristic and the second RF signal of the second frequency band having the second polarization characteristic substantially orthogonal to the polarization characteristic and being higher than the first frequency band, in a first state (e.g., the third state in Table 1) in which the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch are all turned off; transmit and/or receive the first RF signal and a third RF signal of a third frequency band having the second polarization characteristic and being higher than the second frequency band, in a second state (e.g., the second state in Table 1) in which the first switch and the third switch are turned on and the second switch and the fourth switch are turned off; and transmit and/or receive the first RF signal and a fourth RF signal of a fourth frequency band having the second polarization characteristic and being higher than the third frequency band, in a third state (e.g., the first state in Table 1) in which the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch are turned off. 
     In an embodiment, at least one of the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch may include a PIN diode. 
     In an embodiment, the first conductive patch may have a shape obtained by further removing, from the rectangle, a third area (e.g., the third area  923  in  FIG.  9 A ) including a third corner (e.g., the third corner  913  in  FIG.  9 A ) and having the second size, and a fourth area (e.g., the fourth area  924  in  FIG.  9 A ) including a fourth corner (e.g., the fourth corner  914  in  FIG.  9 A ) located in a diagonal direction relative to the third corner and having the second size. The first antenna may include: a first patch (e.g., the first patch  961  in  FIG.  9 A ) disposed in the first area; a first switch (e.g., the first switch  981  in  FIG.  9 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the first patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the first patch; a second patch (e.g., the second patch  962  in  FIG.  9 A ) disposed in the second area; a second switch (e.g., the second switch  982  in  FIG.  9 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the second patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the second patch; a third patch (e.g., the third patch  963  in  FIG.  9 A ) disposed in the third area; a third switch (e.g., the third switch  983  in  FIG.  9 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the third patch in the third area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the third patch; a fourth patch (e.g., the fourth patch  964  in  FIG.  9 A ) disposed in the fourth area; and a fourth switch (e.g., the fourth switch  984  in  FIG.  9 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the fourth patch in the fourth area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the fourth patch. The third switch, the third patch, the fourth switch, and the fourth patch may be located on a first diagonal line (e.g., the first diagonal line DL 1  in  FIG.  9 A ) interconnecting the third corner and the fourth corner, and the first switch, the first patch, the second switch, and the second patch may be located on a second diagonal line (e.g., the second diagonal line DL 2  in  FIG.  9 A ) interconnecting the first corner and the second corner. 
     In an embodiment, the at least one processor may be configured to transmit and/or receive a third RF signal of a third frequency band having a third polarization characteristic distinct from the first polarization characteristic and the second polarization characteristic, in a first state (e.g., the first state in Table 2) in which the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch are turned off, and the third polarization characteristic of the third RF signal may have a circular polarization characteristic. 
     In an embodiment, the at least one processor may be configured to transmit and/or receive a fourth RF signal of a fourth frequency band having the third polarization characteristic, in a fourth state (e.g., the fourth state in Table 2) in which the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch are turned on, and the fourth frequency band of the fourth RF signal may be lower than the third frequency band of the third RF signal. 
     In an embodiment, the at least one processor may be configured to transmit and/or receive the first RF signal and the second RF signal in a second state (e.g., the second state in Table 2) in which the first switch and the second switch are turned off and the third switch and the fourth switch are turned on, the second polarization characteristic of the second RF signal may be substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic of the first RF signal, and the second frequency band of the second RF signal may be higher than the first frequency band of the first RF signal. 
     In an embodiment, the at least one processor may be configured to transmit and/or receive the first RF signal and the second RF signal in a third state (e.g., the third state in Table 2) in which the first switch and the second switch are turned on and the third switch and the fourth switch are turned off, the second polarization characteristic of the second RF signal may be substantially orthogonal to the first polarization characteristic of the first RF signal, and the second frequency band of the second RF signal may be lower than the first frequency band of the first RF signal. 
     In an embodiment, the first conductive patch may have a shape obtained by further removing, from the rectangle, a third area (e.g., the third area  1023  in  FIG.  10 A ) including a third corner (e.g., the third corner  1013  in  FIG.  10 A ) and having the second size, and a fourth area (e.g., the fourth area  1024  in  FIG.  10 A ) including a fourth corner (e.g., the fourth corner  1014  in  FIG.  10 A ) located in a diagonal direction relative to the third corner and having the second size. The first antenna may include: a first patch (e.g., the first patch  1061  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the first area; a first switch (e.g., the first switch  1081  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the first patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the first patch; a second patch (e.g., the second patch  1062  of  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the first area; a second switch (e.g., the second switch  1082  of  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first patch and the second patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first patch and the second patch; a third patch (e.g., the third patch  1063  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the first area in a direction from the second patch toward the third corner; a third switch (e.g., the third switch  1083  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the second patch and the third patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the second patch and the third patch; a fourth patch (e.g., the fourth patch  1064  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the first area in a direction from the second patch toward the fourth corner; a fourth switch (e.g., the fourth switch  1084  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the second patch and the fourth patch in the first area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the second patch and the fourth patch; a fifth patch (e.g., the fifth patch  1065  of  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the second area; a fifth switch (e.g., the fifth switch  1085  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the fifth patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the fifth patch; a sixth patch (e.g., the sixth patch  1066  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the second area; a sixth switch (e.g., the sixth switch  1086  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the fifth patch and the sixth patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the fifth patch and the sixth patch; a seventh patch (e.g., the seventh patch  1067  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the second area in a direction from the sixth patch toward the fourth corner; a seventh switch (e.g., the seventh switch  1087  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the sixth patch and the seventh patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the sixth patch and the seventh patch; an eighth patch (e.g., the eighth patch  1068  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the second area in a direction from the sixth patch toward the third corner; an eighth switch (e.g., the eighth switch  1088  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the sixth patch and the eighth patch in the second area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the sixth patch and the eighth patch; a ninth patch (e.g., the ninth patch  1069  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the third area; a ninth switch (e.g., the ninth switch  1089  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the ninth patch in the third area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the ninth patch; a tenth patch (e.g., the tenth patch  1070  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the third area; a tenth switch (e.g., the tenth switch  1090  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the ninth patch and the tenth patch in the third area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the ninth patch and the tenth patch; an eleventh patch (e.g., the eleventh patch  1071  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the third area in a direction from the tenth patch toward the first corner; an eleventh switch (e.g., the eleventh switch  1091  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the tenth patch and the eleventh patch in the third area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the tenth patch and the eleventh patch; a twelfth patch (e.g., the twelfth patch  1072  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the third area in a direction from the tenth patch toward the second corner; a twelfth switch (e.g., the twelfth switch  1092  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the tenth patch and the twelfth patch in the third area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the tenth patch and the twelfth patch; a thirteenth patch (e.g., the thirteenth patch  1073  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the fourth area; a thirteenth switch (e.g., the thirteenth switch  1093  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the first conductive patch and the thirteenth patch in the fourth area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the first conductive patch and the thirteenth patch; a fourteenth patch (e.g., the fourteenth patch  1074  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the fourth area; a fourteenth switch (e.g., the fourteenth switch  1094  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the thirteenth patch and the fourteenth patch in the fourth area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the thirteenth patch and the fourteenth patch; a fifteenth patch (e.g., the fifteenth patch  1075  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the fourth area in a direction from the fourteenth patch toward the second corner; a fifteenth switch (e.g., the fifteenth switch  1095  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the fourteenth patch and the fifteenth patch in the fourth area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the fourteenth patch and the fifteenth patch; a sixteenth patch (e.g., the sixteenth patch  1076  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in the fourth area in a direction from the fourteenth patch toward the first corner; a sixteenth switch (e.g., the sixteenth switch  1096  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed in an electrical path between the fourteenth patch and the sixteenth patch in the fourth area, and configured to selectively electrically interconnect the fourteenth patch and the sixteenth patch. The ninth switch, the ninth patch, the tenth switch, the tenth patch, the thirteenth switch, the thirteenth patch, the fourteenth switch, and the fourteenth patch are located on a first diagonal line (e.g., the first diagonal line DL 1  in  FIG.  10 A ) interconnecting the third corner and the fourth corner, and the first switch, the first patch, the second switch, the second patch, the fifth switch, the fifth patch, the sixth switch, and the sixth patch may be located on a second diagonal line (e.g., the second diagonal line DL 2  in  FIG.  10 A ) interconnecting the first corner and the second corner. 
     In an embodiment, the at least one processor may be configured to: execute an application related to UWB communication (e.g., operation  1501  in  FIG.  15   ); identify, based on at least one of the first RF signal and the second RF signal received from an external device by using the first antenna, a round trip time (RTT) and an angle of arrival (AOA) of the at least one signal; and determine, based on the identified RTT and AOA, the position of the external device (e.g., operation  1507  in  FIG.  15   ). 
     In an embodiment, the at least one processor may be configured to: sweep channels and polarizations of UWB communication (e.g., operation  1509  in  FIG.  15   ) by using the first antenna, and acquire parameter values related to communication performance and corresponding to the swept channels and polarizations, respectively; determine a channel and polarization of at least one of the first RF signal and the second RF signal received via the first antenna based on the acquired parameter values (e.g., operation  1509  in  FIG.  15   ); identify whether communication performance with the external device has deteriorated based on the parameter values related to communication performance and corresponding to the determined channels and polarizations (e.g., operation  1511  in  FIG.  15   ); change, when the communication performance with the external device is identified to have deteriorated, at least one of the channel and polarization of at least one of the first RF signal and the second RF signal (e.g., operation  1515  and/or operation  1519  in  FIG.  15   ), and maintain, when the communication performance with the external device is identified not to have deteriorated, the determined channel and polarization of the at least one of the first RF signal and the second RF signal (e.g., operation  1517  of  FIG.  15   ). 
     In an embodiment, the electronic device may include at least one sensor (e.g., the sensor unit  276  of  FIG.  2   ) electrically connected to the at least one processor. The at least one processor may be configured to: identify, when the communication performance with the external device is identified to have deteriorated, whether the posture of the electronic device has changed by using the at least one sensor (e.g., operation  1513  of  FIG.  15   ); change, when the posture of the electronic device is identified to have changed, the polarization of the at least one signal (e.g., operation  1515  of  FIG.  15   ); and change, when the posture of the electronic device is identified not to have changed, the channel of the at least one signal (e.g., operation  1519  of  FIG.  15   ). 
     In an embodiment, the electronic device may include a housing and a second antenna that define at least a portion of the side surface of the electronic device, the housing may include a conductive portion at least partly formed of a conductive material, and the second antenna may include the conductive portion as a radiation element of the second antenna. 
     In an embodiment, the first transmission line may include a quarter wavelength impedance converter (e.g., the quarter wavelength impedance transformer  742  of  FIG.  7 A ) having a meandering shape bent in at least one portion. 
     According to one or more embodiments, by configuring the antenna of the electronic device by using two layers, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the antenna and to improve the degree of freedom in design for disposing the antenna inside the electronic device. 
     According to one or more embodiments, by configuring the antenna of the electronic device by using two layers, it is possible to simplify the processes of designing and manufacturing the antenna and to reduce manufacturing costs. 
     According to one or more embodiments, the electronic device is capable of adaptively performing communication with an external device for various communication environments by changing a UWB communication channel and/or polarization depending the posture and communication quality of the electronic device. 
     Advantageous effects obtainable from the disclosure may not be limited to the above mentioned effects, and other effects which are not mentioned may be clearly understood, through the following descriptions, by those skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains. 
     The methods according to various embodiments described in the claims or the specification of the disclosure may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. 
     When the methods are implemented by software, a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more programs (software modules) may be provided. The one or more programs stored in the computer-readable storage medium may be configured for execution by one or more processors within the electronic device. The at least one program may include instructions that cause the electronic device to perform the methods according to various embodiments of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims and/or disclosed herein. 
     The programs (software modules or software) may be stored in non-volatile memories including a random access memory and a flash memory, a read only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), a magnetic disc storage device, a compact disc-ROM (CD-ROM), digital versatile discs (DVDs), or other type optical storage devices, or a magnetic cassette. Alternatively, any combination of some or all of them may form a memory in which the program is stored. Further, a plurality of such memories may be included in the electronic device. 
     In addition, the programs may be stored in an attachable storage device which may access the electronic device through communication networks such as the Internet, Intranet, Local Area Network (LAN), Wide LAN (WLAN), and Storage Area Network (SAN) or a combination thereof. Such a storage device may access the electronic device via an external port. Further, a separate storage device on the communication network may access a portable electronic device. 
     In the above-described embodiments of the disclosure, an element included in the disclosure is expressed in the singular or the plural according to presented detailed embodiments. However, the singular form or plural form is selected appropriately to the presented situation for the convenience of description, and the disclosure is not limited by elements expressed in the singular or the plural. Therefore, either an element expressed in the plural may also include a single element or an element expressed in the singular may also include multiple elements. 
     Although specific embodiments have been described in the detailed description of the disclosure, it will be apparent that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the disclosure should not be defined as being limited to the embodiments, but should be defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof