Patent Publication Number: US-2023156793-A1

Title: Communication parameter signaling for peer-to-peer communications

Description:
Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for communicating parameters for wireless communications for peer-to-peer communications in wireless networks. 
     Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These wireless networks may be multiple-access networks capable of supporting multiple users by sharing the available network resources. Examples of such multiple-access networks include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) networks, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) networks, Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, and Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks. 
     In order to address the issue of increasing bandwidth requirements that are demanded for wireless communications systems, different schemes are being developed to allow multiple user terminals to communicate with a single access point by sharing the channel resources while achieving high data throughputs. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology represents one such approach that has emerged as a popular technique for communication systems. MIMO technology has been adopted in several wireless communications standards such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard. The IEEE 802.11 denotes a set of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) air interface standards developed by the IEEE 802.11 committee for short-range communications (e.g., tens of meters to a few hundred meters). 
     SUMMARY 
     Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for signaling parameters for wireless communications to wireless communication devices. 
     One aspect provides a method for wireless communications at a wireless station. The method generally includes: obtaining, from an access point (AP), a transmission opportunity (TXOP) sharing trigger indicating a duration in which a TXOP is shared by the wireless station and one or more other devices; relaying, to the one or more other devices, information identifying parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices; and during the TXOP, communicating with the one or more other devices based on the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. 
     One aspect provides a method for wireless communications at a wireless station. The method generally includes: establishing a connection with a second wireless station; obtaining from the second wireless station information identifying parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station; and communicating with the second wireless station during a transmission opportunity (TXOP) based on the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station. 
     One aspect provides a method for wireless communications at an access point (AP). The method generally includes: outputting, for transmission to a wireless station, information identifying parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and one or more other devices; outputting, for transmission to the wireless station, a transmission opportunity (TXOP) sharing trigger indicating a duration in which the TXOP is to be shared by the wireless station and one or more other devices; and communicating with the wireless station during at least part of the TXOP based on the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and one or more other devices. 
     Other aspects provide: an apparatus operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein; a non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein; and an apparatus comprising means for performing the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein. By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device with a processing system, or processing systems cooperating over one or more networks. 
     The following description and the appended figures set forth certain features for purposes of illustration. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       So that the manner in which the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. 
         FIG.  1    is a diagram of an example wireless communications network, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    is a block diagram of an example access point and example user terminals, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    is a diagram illustrating a wireless device, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a timeline for communications between a wireless station and a peer wireless station. 
         FIG.  5    is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by an access point, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by a source device, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by a target device, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    depicts aspects of an example communications device. 
         FIG.  9    depicts aspects of an example communications device. 
         FIG.  10    depicts aspects of an example communications device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable mediums for signaling parameters for communications between a wireless station and one or more other devices in peer-to-peer communications links. Peer-to-peer communications links may exist, for example, between a wireless station communicatively coupled to an access point and one or more peer wireless stations for which the wireless station serves as a soft access point (or virtual access point). In another example, peer-to-peer communications links may exist between different access points in a wireless network. 
     Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein one skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim. 
     The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. 
     Although particular aspects are described herein, many variations and permutations of these aspects fall within the scope of the disclosure. Although some benefits and advantages of the preferred aspects are mentioned, the scope of the disclosure is not intended to be limited to particular benefits, uses, or objectives. Rather, aspects of the disclosure are intended to be broadly applicable to different wireless technologies, system configurations, networks, and transmission protocols, some of which are illustrated by way of example in the figures and in the following description of the preferred aspects. The detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the disclosure rather than limiting, the scope of the disclosure being defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. 
     The techniques described herein may be used for various broadband wireless communication systems, including communication systems that are based on an orthogonal multiplexing scheme. Examples of such communication systems include Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and so forth. An SDMA system may utilize sufficiently different directions to simultaneously transmit data belonging to multiple user terminals. A TDMA system may allow multiple user terminals to share the same frequency channel by dividing the transmission signal into different time slots, each time slot being assigned to different user terminal. An OFDMA system utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which is a modulation technique that partitions the overall system bandwidth into multiple orthogonal sub-carriers. These sub-carriers may also be called tones, bins, etc. With OFDM, each sub-carrier may be independently modulated with data. An SC-FDMA system may utilize interleaved FDMA (IFDMA) to transmit on sub-carriers that are distributed across the system bandwidth, localized FDMA (LFDMA) to transmit on a block of adjacent sub-carriers, or enhanced FDMA (EFDMA) to transmit on multiple blocks of adjacent sub-carriers. In general, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDMA. 
     The teachings herein may be incorporated into (e.g., implemented within or performed by) a variety of wired or wireless apparatuses (e.g., nodes). In some aspects, a wireless node implemented in accordance with the teachings herein may comprise an access point or an access terminal. 
     An access point (“AP”) may comprise, be implemented as, or known as a Node B, Radio Network Controller (“RNC”), evolved Node B (eNB), next generation Node B (gNB), Base Station Controller (“BSC”), Base Transceiver Station (“BTS”), Base Station (“BS”), Transceiver Function (“TF”), Radio Router, Radio Transceiver, Basic Service Set (“BSS”), Extended Service Set (“ESS”), Radio Base Station (“RBS”), or some other terminology. 
     An access terminal (“AT”) may comprise, be implemented as, or known as a subscriber station, a subscriber unit, a mobile station (MS), a remote station, a remote terminal, a user terminal (UT), a user agent, a user device, user equipment (UE), a user station, or some other terminology. In some implementations, an access terminal may comprise a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (“SIP”) phone, a wireless local loop (“WLL”) station, a personal digital assistant (“PDA”), a handheld device having wireless connection capability, a Station (“STA”), or some other suitable processing device connected to a wireless modem. Accordingly, one or more aspects taught herein may be incorporated into a phone (e.g., a cellular phone or smart phone), a computer (e.g., a laptop), a tablet, a portable communication device, a portable computing device (e.g., a personal data assistant), an entertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satellite radio), a global positioning system (GPS) device, or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium. In some aspects, the node is a wireless node. Such wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link. 
     An Example Wireless Communication System 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a multiple-access multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system  100  with access points and user terminals. For simplicity, only one access point  110  is shown in  FIG.  1   . An access point is generally a fixed station that communicates with the user terminals and may also be referred to as a base station or some other terminology. A user terminal may be fixed or mobile and may also be referred to as a mobile station, a wireless device, or some other terminology. Access point  110  may communicate with one or more user terminals  120  (also referred to herein as stations (STAs)) at any given moment on the downlink and uplink. The downlink (i.e., forward link) is the communication link from the access point to the user terminals, and the uplink (i.e., reverse link) is the communication link from the user terminals to the access point. A user terminal may also communicate peer-to-peer with another user terminal. A system controller  130  couples to and provides coordination and control for the access points. 
     While portions of the following disclosure will describe user terminals  120  capable of communicating via Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA), for certain aspects, the user terminals  120  may also include some user terminals that do not support SDMA. Thus, for such aspects, an AP  110  may be configured to communicate with both SDMA and non-SDMA user terminals. This approach may conveniently allow older versions of user terminals (“legacy” stations) to remain deployed in an enterprise, extending their useful lifetime, while allowing newer or future user terminals being implemented with technology such as SDMA, OFDM or OFDMA to be introduced as deemed appropriate. 
     The system  100  employs multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas for data transmission on the downlink and uplink. The access point  110  is equipped with N ap  antennas and represents the multiple-input (MI) for downlink transmissions and the multiple-output (MO) for uplink transmissions. A set of K selected user terminals  120  collectively represents the multiple-output for downlink transmissions and the multiple-input for uplink transmissions. For pure SDMA, it is desired to have N ap ≥K≥1 if the data symbol streams for the K user terminals are not multiplexed in code, frequency or time by some means. K may be greater than N ap  if the data symbol streams can be multiplexed using TDMA technique, different code channels with CDMA, disjoint sets of subbands with OFDM, and so on. Each selected user terminal transmits user-specific data to and/or receives user-specific data from the access point. In general, each selected user terminal may be equipped with one or multiple antennas (i.e., N ut ≥1). The K selected user terminals can have the same or different number of antennas. 
     The SDMA system may be a time division duplex (TDD) system or a frequency division duplex (FDD) system. For a TDD system, the downlink and uplink share the same frequency band. For an FDD system, the downlink and uplink use different frequency bands. MIMO system  100  may also utilize a single carrier or multiple carriers for transmission. Each user terminal may be equipped with a single antenna (e.g., in order to keep costs down) or multiple antennas (e.g., where the additional cost can be supported). The system  100  may also be a TDMA system if the user terminals  120  share the same frequency channel by dividing transmission/reception into different time slots, each time slot being assigned to different user terminal  120 . 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a block diagram of access point  110  and two user terminals  120   m  and  120   x  in MIMO system  100 . The access point  110  is equipped with N t  antennas  224   a  through  224   t . User terminal  120   m  is equipped with N ut,m  antennas  252   ma  through  252   mu , and user terminal  120   x  is equipped with N ut,x  antennas  252   xa  through  252   xu . The access point  110  is a transmitting entity for the downlink and a receiving entity for the uplink. Each user terminal  120  is a transmitting entity for the uplink and a receiving entity for the downlink. As used herein, a “transmitting entity” is an independently operated apparatus or device capable of transmitting data via a wireless channel, and a “receiving entity” is an independently operated apparatus or device capable of receiving data via a wireless channel. In the following description, the subscript “dn” denotes the downlink, the subscript “up” denotes the uplink, N up  user terminals are selected for simultaneous transmission on the uplink, N dn  user terminals are selected for simultaneous transmission on the downlink, N up  may or may not be equal to N dn , and N up  and N dn  may be static values or can change for each scheduling interval. The beam-steering or some other spatial processing technique may be used at the access point and user terminal. 
     On the uplink, at each user terminal  120  selected for uplink transmission, a transmit (TX) data processor  288  receives traffic data from a data source  286  and control data from a controller  280 . TX data processor  288  processes (e.g., encodes, interleaves, and modulates) the traffic data for the user terminal based on the coding and modulation schemes associated with the rate selected for the user terminal and provides a data symbol stream. A TX spatial processor  290  performs spatial processing on the data symbol stream and provides N ut,m  transmit symbol streams for the N ut,m  antennas. Each transmitter unit (TMTR)  254  receives and processes (e.g., converts to analog, amplifies, filters, and frequency upconverts) a respective transmit symbol stream to generate an uplink signal. N ut,m  transmitter units  254  provide N ut,m  uplink signals for transmission from N ut,m  antennas  252  to the access point. 
     N up  user terminals may be scheduled for simultaneous transmission on the uplink. Each of these user terminals performs spatial processing on its data symbol stream and transmits its set of transmit symbol streams on the uplink to the access point. 
     At access point  110 , N ap  antennas  224   a  through  224   ap  receive the uplink signals from all N up  user terminals transmitting on the uplink. Each antenna  224  provides a received signal to a respective receiver unit (RCVR)  222 . Each receiver unit  222  performs processing complementary to that performed by transmitter unit  254  and provides a received symbol stream. An RX spatial processor  240  performs receiver spatial processing on the N ap  received symbol streams from N ap  receiver units  222  and provides N up  recovered uplink data symbol streams. The receiver spatial processing is performed in accordance with the channel correlation matrix inversion (CCMI), minimum mean square error (MMSE), soft interference cancellation (SIC), or some other technique. Each recovered uplink data symbol stream is an estimate of a data symbol stream transmitted by a respective user terminal. An RX data processor  242  processes (e.g., demodulates, deinterleaves, and decodes) each recovered uplink data symbol stream in accordance with the rate used for that stream to obtain decoded data. The decoded data for each user terminal may be provided to a data sink  244  for storage and/or a controller  230  for further processing. 
     On the downlink, at access point  110 , a TX data processor  210  receives traffic data from a data source  208  for N dn  user terminals scheduled for downlink transmission, control data from a controller  230 , and possibly other data from a scheduler  234 . The various types of data may be sent on different transport channels. TX data processor  210  processes (e.g., encodes, interleaves, and modulates) the traffic data for each user terminal based on the rate selected for that user terminal. TX data processor  210  provides N dn  downlink data symbol streams for the N dn  user terminals. A TX spatial processor  220  performs spatial processing (such as a precoding or beamforming, as described in the present disclosure) on the N dn  downlink data symbol streams, and provides N ap  transmit symbol streams for the N ap  antennas. Each transmitter unit  222  receives and processes a respective transmit symbol stream to generate a downlink signal. N ap  transmitter units  222  providing N ap  downlink signals for transmission from N ap  antennas  224  to the user terminals. 
     At each user terminal  120 , N ut,m  antennas  252  receive the N ap  downlink signals from access point  110 . Each receiver unit  254  processes a received signal from an associated antenna  252  and provides a received symbol stream. An RX spatial processor  260  performs receiver spatial processing on N ut,m  received symbol streams from N ut,m  receiver units  254  and provides a recovered downlink data symbol stream for the user terminal. The receiver spatial processing is performed in accordance with the CCMI, MMSE or some other technique. An RX data processor  270  processes (e.g., demodulates, deinterleaves and decodes) the recovered downlink data symbol stream to obtain decoded data for the user terminal. 
     At each user terminal  120 , a channel estimator  278  estimates the downlink channel response and provides downlink channel estimates, which may include channel gain estimates, SNR estimates, noise variance and so on. Similarly, a channel estimator  228  estimates the uplink channel response and provides uplink channel estimates. Controller  280  for each user terminal typically derives the spatial filter matrix for the user terminal based on the downlink channel response matrix H dn,m  for that user terminal. Controller  230  derives the spatial filter matrix for the access point based on the effective uplink channel response matrix H up,eff . Controller  280  for each user terminal may send feedback information (e.g., the downlink and/or uplink eigenvectors, eigenvalues, SNR estimates, and so on) to the access point. Controllers  230  and  280  also control the operation of various processing units at access point  110  and user terminal  120 , respectively. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates various components that may be utilized in a wireless device  302  that may be employed within the MIMO system  100 . The wireless device  302  is an example of a device that may be configured to implement the various methods described herein. The wireless device  302  may be an access point  110  or a user terminal  120 . 
     The wireless device  302  may include a processor  304  which controls operation of the wireless device  302 . The processor  304  may also be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU). Memory  306 , which may include both read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM), provides instructions and data to the processor  304 . A portion of the memory  306  may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). The processor  304  typically performs logical and arithmetic operations based on program instructions stored within the memory  306 . The instructions in the memory  306  may be executable to implement the methods described herein. 
     The wireless device  302  may also include a housing  308  that may include a transmitter  310  and a receiver  312  to allow transmission and reception of data between the wireless device  302  and a remote location. The transmitter  310  and receiver  312  may be combined into a transceiver  314 . A single or a plurality of transmit antennas  316  may be attached to the housing  308  and electrically coupled to the transceiver  314 . The wireless device  302  may also include (not shown) multiple transmitters, multiple receivers, and multiple transceivers. 
     The wireless device  302  may also include a signal detector  318  that may be used in an effort to detect and quantify the level of signals received by the transceiver  314 . The signal detector  318  may detect such signals as total energy, energy per subcarrier per symbol, power spectral density and other signals. The wireless device  302  may also include a digital signal processor (DSP)  320  for use in processing signals. 
     The various components of the wireless device  302  may be coupled together by a bus system  322 , which may include a power bus, a control signal bus, and a status signal bus in addition to a data bus. 
     Signaling Parameters for Peer-to-Peer Communications in Wireless Communication Systems 
     Wireless communications systems may include systems in which a wireless station, such as a smartphone, tablet computer, laptop computer, desktop computer, or the like serves as a soft access point for one or more peer wireless stations. These peer wireless stations may be used for various real-time applications, such as extended reality or computer gaming, in which traffic may have stringent latency requirements (which may be referred to as “latency sensitive traffic”). To allow for the transmission of latency sensitive traffic in a wireless communications system, mechanisms such as a triggered transmission opportunity (TXOP) sharing procedure may be used to allow an access point to allocate a portion of time within a TXOP to a single non-access-point wireless station for transmission of data packets (e.g., PPDUs) between the non-AP wireless station and one or more peer wireless stations. 
     One example of parameters that may be defined for communications between devices in a network may include a subchannel puncturing pattern which identifies which subchannels are active and which subchannels are inactive during a TXOP. Generally, the puncturing pattern may be communicated from the AP to the wireless station via a disabled subchannel bitmap field included in one or more management frames transmitted by the AP, with each bit in the bitmap corresponding to a specific subchannel and a value indicating whether the subchannel is enabled (bit value of 0) or disabled (bit value of 1). The subchannels indicated as disabled in the disabled subchannel bitmap may not be used for communications with any device connected to the AP (e.g., any station that is a member of the basic service set (BSS) associated with the AP). Additional subchannels, however, may be punctured (not used) beyond those identified in the disabled subchannel bitmap. These additional subchannels may be punctured when the AP solicits a response from a connected wireless station by assigning resource units in the non-punctured channels. Thus, the bandwidth used for communications may be narrower than that identified by the AP in the disabled subchannel bitmap, but may not be wider than that identified by the AP in the disabled subchannel bitmap. 
     Peer wireless stations may not be communicatively coupled to the AP that signaled the parameters to a wireless station communicatively coupled to the AP, and thus, may not be aware of parameters established for communications between the AP and the wireless station to which these peer wireless stations are connected. Because the peer wireless stations may not be aware of these parameters, the peer wireless stations may communicate using a different set of parameters. For example, in the subchannel puncturing example discussed above, a peer wireless station may communicate on subchannels indicated as disabled in the disabled subchannel bitmap, which may violate a rule for communications in a wireless network stating that communications may not be performed on subchannels that are disabled. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates an example timeline  400  for communications between a wireless station and a peer wireless station during a shared transmission opportunity (TXOP). 
     As illustrated, to establish a transmission opportunity  402  for STA 1  and STA 2 , which may be wireless stations communicatively coupled to an AP, the AP may transmit (e.g., broadcast) an initial control frame  410 , which may include various parameters for communications by one or more connected STAs during the TXOP. During this TXOP  402 , a shared TXOP duration  404  may be established for STA 1  to use in communicating with one or more peer STAs (e.g., VR headsets or other wireless stations using STA 1  as a soft AP and lacking information about communication parameters established by the AP for the basic service set (BSS)). For example, the AP may transmit a multi-user (MU) ready to send (RTS) TXOP Sharing trigger message  412  to STA 1  MU-RTS TXOP Sharing trigger message  412  may include information identifying the station to which the shared TXOP duration  404  is assigned, information identifying the AP, and information identifying the duration of the shared TXOP duration  404 . 
     Subsequently, and prior to performing transmissions during the shared TXOP duration  404 , STA 1  can transmit a clear to send (CTS) frame  414  to the AP. Data frames  416  may be transmitted to the peer STA, and in response, the peer STA may transmit a block acknowledgment (BA)  418  to acknowledge receipt of the transmitted data frames from STA 1  (or indicate that certain frames are to be retransmitted due to a failure to successfully receive those frames). During the shared TXOP duration  404 , STA 1  may allow the peer STA to transmit data to STA 1 . To do so, STA 1  may transmit a trigger frame  420  to the peer STA. In response to receiving the trigger frame  420 , the peer STA may transmit one or more data frames  422  to STA 1 , and STA 1  may respond with a BA  424 . 
     At the end of the shared TXOP duration  404 , a portion of TXOP  402  may still remain for the AP to communicate with other STAs in the AP&#39;s basic service set. Between the end of shared TXOP duration  404  and the end of TXOP  402 , thus, the AP may transmit data frames (e.g., data frames  426 ) to other stations (e.g., STA 2 ) in the network. 
     As discussed, the peer STA may not be aware of the parameters for wireless communications established by the AP for members of the AP&#39;s BSS. Thus, it is possible for the peer STA to select transmission parameters that violate one or more transmission rules, such as transmitting on a bandwidth wider than that identified by the AP (e.g., transmitting on channels identified as punctured by the AP). Further, during peer-to-peer communications between a STA 1  and the peer STA, it may be possible to use a different puncturing pattern from that identified in a subchannel puncturing pattern provided to STA 1 , and the AP may not be aware of this puncturing pattern. Thus, the AP may also violate the one or more transmission rules, such as transmitted on a bandwidth wider than that used for communications between STA 1  and the peer STA during TXOP  402 . 
     Aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for signaling parameters for wireless communications to devices with which a wireless station communicates so that wireless devices in a network are aware of the parameters that define how communications are to be performed during a TXOP and do not violate rules for communications during a TXOP. By signaling these parameters to devices with which the wireless station communicates—such as APs and other peer wireless stations using the wireless station as a virtual (or soft) AP—aspects of the present disclosure may ensure that devices within a wireless communication network are aware of the parameters established for wireless communications even when those devices are not communicatively coupled to the AP and would ordinarily not be aware of such parameters. Thus, the devices with which the wireless station communicates may perform transmissions during a TXOP without violating rules defining how transmissions are to be performed during the TXOP (e.g., bandwidth limitations, etc.). 
       FIG.  5    illustrates example operations  500  that may be performed at a wireless station (e.g., user terminal  120  illustrated in  FIG.  1   ) to communicate with one or more other devices during a transmission opportunity, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. 
     As illustrated, operations  500  may begin at block  510 , where the wireless station obtains, from an AP, a transmission opportunity (TXOP) sharing trigger indicating a duration in which the TXOP is shared by the wireless station and one or more other devices. As discussed, the TXOP sharing trigger may indicate a duration of a shared TXOP in which the wireless station can communicate with one or more other devices, such as other APs or peer wireless stations connected to the wireless station and using the wireless station as a virtual (or soft) AP. 
     At block  520 , the wireless station relays, to the one or more other devices, information identifying parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. In some aspects, the parameters for wireless communications may include, for example, a puncturing pattern associated with subchannels in the wireless communication network. The puncturing pattern may indicate which subchannels are active and which subchannels are disabled for the duration of the TXOP. It should be noted that the wireless device need not use all of the subchannels indicated as active in the puncturing pattern, and that additional subchannels beyond those identified by the AP may be punctured by the wireless device or the one or more other devices. In some aspects, the parameters for wireless communications may include a maximum channel bandwidth for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, a maximum transmission power for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, or the like. Other parameters may include information about a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. Still further parameters may include a link identifier, spatial parameters, such as a number of spatial streams (NSS) or a number of space-time streams (NSTS) for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, timing information, and the like. 
     The parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices may be obtained from the AP and may be forwarded to the one or more other stations. In some aspects, the wireless station can relay the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices via one or more dedicated information elements in a frame transmitted to the one or more other devices (e.g., one or more IEs in data frames transmitted to the one or more other devices, one or more IEs in management frames transmitted by the wireless station to the one or more other devices, a header of a frame transmitted to the one or more other devices, etc.). The information may be relayed to the one or more other devices, for example, via a quality of service (QoS) information element or a traffic specification (TSPEC) information element in a management frame. The information may also or alternatively be relayed to the one or more devices via at least one of a stream classification service (SCS) request frame or a target wake time (TWT) request frame used to indicate a time at which the one or more other devices are to operate (e.g., receive and/or transmit on a link between the wireless station and the one or more other devices). In some aspects, the wireless station can relay the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices by outputting this information for transmission during a tunneled direct link setup (TDLS) procedure between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. 
     At block  530 , during the TXOP, the wireless station communicates with the one or more other devices based on the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. 
     In some aspects, communications with the one or more other devices may be based on a bandwidth of a frame in which one or more of the TXOP sharing trigger or a clear to send (CTS) message is carried. The bandwidth may be, for example, based on an indicated maximum bandwidth supported for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. For example, the bandwidth used for communications with the one or more other devices may be less than the bandwidth of the frame in which the TXOP or CTS message is carried (e.g., may include additional punctured channels), but may not exceed the bandwidth of the frame in which the TXOP or CTS message is carried. 
     In some aspects, communications with the one or more devices may be based on temporal relationships between different portions of the TXOP. For example, the TXOP may be divided into a first portion and a second portion that is temporally after the first portion of the TXOP. The wireless station can communicate with the AP during the first portion of the TXOP and may communicate with the one or more other devices during the second portion of the TXOP. In some aspects, the second portion of the TXOP may be the remainder of the TXOP after the first portion of the TXOP. In some aspects, the second portion of the TXOP may be less than a remaining time in the TXOP so that other wireless stations can communicate during a third portion of the TXOP following the end of the second portion of the TXOP. 
     In some aspects, the wireless station may be aware of an ability for the one or more other devices (which may not be connected to the AP) to support puncturing. To allow the AP to also be aware of such support and generate parameters that are usable by the one or more other devices, the wireless station can signal, to the AP, information about the ability of the one or more other devices to support puncturing of one or more subchannels. In response to signaling information about the ability of the one or more other devices to support puncturing of one or more subchannels, the wireless station may obtain information about the punctured subchannels in the network, which may be received as a bitmap having a plurality of bits where each bit represents an activation or deactivation status of a specific subchannel. 
     In some aspects, the information may include information about subchannels punctured by the AP or by the wireless station (e.g., during the TXOP). For example, the wireless station may puncture one or more additional subchannels that may not have been previously marked as punctured. The wireless station can signal this information back to the AP so that the AP does not attempt to transmit on these disabled subchannels. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates example operations  600  at a wireless station (e.g., user terminal  120  illustrated in  FIG.  1    or another AP, such as an AP  110  illustrated in  FIG.  1   ) to communicate with a second wireless station during a transmission opportunity, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. Generally, operations  600  may be performed at a peer wireless station to the second wireless station that is not also connected to the AP with which the second wireless station communicates. As discussed in further detail below, operations  600  may allow the wireless station, which may not be communicatively coupled to an AP, to be configured with transmission parameters that may allow the wireless station to communicate with the second wireless station without violating rules, for example, defining a maximum bandwidth that can be used for communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station or other communications rules. 
     As illustrated, operations  600  begin at block  610 , where the wireless station establishes a connection with a second wireless station. In some aspects, the connection may be established between the wireless station and the second wireless station through a TDLS setup procedure between the wireless station and the second wireless station. The connection may be established prior to the establishment of any transmission opportunities during which the wireless station and the second wireless station can communicate with each other (e.g., transmit data to and receive data from the other). 
     At block  620 , the wireless station obtains from the second wireless station identifying parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station. As discussed, these parameters may include for example, a puncturing pattern associated with subchannels in a wireless communications network. The puncturing pattern may indicate whether a subchannel is activated or deactivated. The puncturing panel may be defined by an AP to which the second wireless station is connected or may be defined by the second wireless station (e.g., for use during a specific TXOP). 
     At block  630 , the wireless station communicates with the second wireless station during a TXOP based on parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station. Because the parameters may have been forwarded from the AP to the wireless station via the second wireless station or defined by the second wireless station, the wireless station may be aware of the proper parameters for communications during the TXOP and may not, based on having obtained these parameters, perform communications using parameters that would violate one or more defined rules for communications during the TXOP (e.g., exceeding a maximum bandwidth during the TXOP). 
     In some aspects, the wireless station may communicate based on subchannels punctured by an AP with which the second wireless station is connected and subchannels punctured by the second wireless station. For example, the wireless station may communicate based on an intersection of the subchannels punctured by the AP and the subchannels punctured by the second wireless station. The subchannels may be dynamically punctured for communications, during the TXOP, between the wireless station and the second wireless station. 
     In some aspects, the TXOP may be divided into a first portion and a second portion. The second portion may follow the first portion temporally. Generally, the first portion may be a portion reserved for communications between the AP and the second wireless station, and communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station may be performed during the second portion of the TXOP. 
       FIG.  7    illustrates example operations  700  at an access point (e.g., AP  110  illustrated in  FIG.  1   ) for communicating with a wireless station based on parameters defined for communications between the AP and the wireless station and parameters of communications between the wireless station and one or more other devices using the wireless station as a soft (or virtual) AP. Generally, by communicating these parameters to the AP, the AP may be aware of limitations imposed by the parameters for communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, and the AP may communicate with other stations in the basic service set without violating rules restricting communications during a TXOP based on the parameters for communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices (e.g., bandwidth parameters, etc.). 
     As illustrated, operations  700  begin at block  710 , where the AP outputs, for transmission to a wireless station, information identifying parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and one or more other devices. As discussed, these one or more other devices may include, for example, other APs or peer stations that use the wireless station as a soft (or virtual) AP. In some aspects, these parameters may include information about the subchannels in a wireless communication network, such as a channel puncturing bitmap or other puncturing pattern information identifying channels that are punctured, or disabled, for communications between the AP and the wireless station (and thus, should be punctured for communications between the wireless station and one or more other devices during a transmission opportunity). 
     At block  720 , the AP outputs, for transmission to the wireless station, a TXOP sharing trigger indicating a duration in which the TXOP is to be shared by the wireless station and one or more other devices. The TXOP may be divided, for example, into a first portion in which the AP can communicate with the wireless station, and a second portion temporally after the first portion in which the wireless station can perform peer-to-peer communications with one or more other devices. The second portion may be the remainder of the TXOP or may be a portion that allows for the AP to communicate with other connected wireless stations until the end of the TXOP based on the identified parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices as well as parameters signaled to the AP and used during communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. 
     At block  730 , the AP communicates with the wireless station during at least part of the TXOP based on the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. 
     In some aspects, the AP can obtain, from the wireless station, information about an ability of the one or more other devices to support puncturing of one or more subchannels. The information identifying the parameters for wireless communications may be based on the ability of the other devices to support puncturing of the one or more subchannels. For example, the ability of the other devices to support puncturing may indicate a maximum number of subchannels that may be punctured, and the AP may indicate up to the maximum number of punctured subframes in the parameters output for transmission to the wireless station. 
     In some aspects, to determine which subchannels are punctured and to communicate such information to the wireless station (e.g., for distribution to the one or more other devices, such as peer stations, connected to the wireless station), the AP may perform a “sniffing” operation. During this sniffing operation, the AP can monitor one or more subchannels for transmissions on each of the one or more subchannels during the TXOP (or at least the portion of the TXOP reserved for communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices). Channels having traffic may be marked as unpunctured, while channels having no traffic may be marked as punctured, and the puncturing pattern may be identified based on the results of the sniffing operation. 
     In some aspects, as discussed above, the wireless station may disable (or puncture) further subchannels beyond those indicated as punctured in the signaling output for transmission to the wireless station at block  710 . In such a case, the AP may obtain information identifying one or more punctured subchannels that are punctured during the TXOP. Subsequent communications between the AP and the wireless station (and/or the one or more other devices) may be further based on the identified punctured channels. 
     In some aspects, the AP may further output, for transmission to the wireless station, information identifying transmission parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. These parameters may include a variety of parameters, as discussed above, including a channel bandwidth, a maximum transmission power, an MCS, a link identifier, spatial parameters (e.g., NSS, NSTS, etc.), and/or timing information. In some aspects, the link identifier may be output as a link identifier bitmap in which a bit set to high in the bitmap indicates the link identifier used for communications between the AP and the wireless station. 
     Example Wireless Communication Devices 
       FIG.  8    depicts an example communications device  800  that includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein, such as the operations depicted and described with respect to  FIG.  5   . In some examples, communication device  800  may be a user terminal  120  as described, for example with respect to  FIGS.  1  and  2   . 
     Communications device  800  includes a processing system  802  coupled to a transceiver  808  (e.g., a transmitter and/or a receiver). Transceiver  808  is configured to transmit (or send) and receive signals for the communications device  800  via an antenna  810 , such as the various signals as described herein. Processing system  802  may be configured to perform processing functions for communications device  800 , including processing signals received and/or to be transmitted by communications device  800 . 
     Processing system  802  includes one or more processors  820  coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory  830  via a bus  806 . In certain aspects, computer-readable medium/memory  830  is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors  820 , cause the one or more processors  820  to perform the operations illustrated in  FIG.  5   , or other operations for performing the various techniques discussed herein. 
     In the depicted example, computer-readable medium/memory  830  stores code  831  for obtaining, code  832  for relaying, and code  833  for communicating. 
     In the depicted example, the one or more processors  820  include circuitry configured to implement the code stored in the computer-readable medium/memory  830 , including circuitry  821  for obtaining, circuitry  822  for relaying, and circuitry  823  for communicating. 
     Various components of communications device  800  may provide means for performing the methods described herein, including with respect to  FIG.  5   . 
     In some examples, means for obtaining may include the RX spatial processor  260 , RX data processor  270 , controller  280 , transceivers  254  and/or antenna(s)  252  of the user terminal  120  illustrated in  FIG.  2    and/or processor  820 , transceiver  808 , and antenna  810  of the communication device  800  in  FIG.  8   . 
     In some examples, means for relaying may include the TX spatial processor  290 , TX data processor  288 , controller  280 , transceivers  254  and/or antenna(s)  252  of the user terminal  120  illustrated in  FIG.  2    and/or processor  820 , transceiver  808  and antenna  810  of the communication device  800  in  FIG.  8   . 
     In some examples, means for communicating may include the RX spatial processor  260 , RX data processor  270 , controller  280 , TX spatial processor  290 , TX data processor  288 , transceivers  254  and/or antenna(s)  252  of the user terminal  120  illustrated in  FIG.  2    and/or processor  820 , transceiver  808  and antenna  810  of the communication device  800  in  FIG.  8   . 
     Notably,  FIG.  8    is an example, and many other examples and configurations of communication device  800  are possible. 
       FIG.  9    depicts an example communications device  900  that includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein, such as the operations depicted and described with respect to  FIG.  6   . In some examples, communication device  900  may be a user terminal  120  as described, for example with respect to  FIGS.  1  and  2   . 
     Communications device  900  includes a processing system  902  coupled to a transceiver  908  (e.g., a transmitter and/or a receiver). Transceiver  908  is configured to transmit (or send) and receive signals for the communications device  900  via an antenna  910 , such as the various signals as described herein. Processing system  902  may be configured to perform processing functions for communications device  900 , including processing signals received and/or to be transmitted by communications device  900 . 
     Processing system  902  includes one or more processors  920  coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory  930  via a bus  906 . In certain aspects, computer-readable medium/memory  930  is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors  920 , cause the one or more processors  920  to perform the operations illustrated in  FIG.  6   , or other operations for performing the various techniques discussed herein. 
     In the depicted example, computer-readable medium/memory  930  stores code  931  for establishing, code  932  for obtaining, and code  933  for communicating. 
     In the depicted example, the one or more processors  920  include circuitry configured to implement the code stored in the computer-readable medium/memory  930 , including circuitry  921  for establishing, circuitry  922  for obtaining, and circuitry  923  for communicating. 
     Various components of communications device  900  may provide means for performing the methods described herein, including with respect to  FIG.  6   . 
     In some examples, means for establishing may include the RX spatial processor  260 , RX data processor  270 , controller  280 , TX spatial processor  290 , TX data processor  288 , transceivers  254  and/or antenna(s)  252  of the user terminal  120  illustrated in  FIG.  2    and/or processor  920 , transceiver  908  and antenna  910  of the communication device  900  in  FIG.  9   . 
     In some examples, means for obtaining may include the RX spatial processor  260 , RX data processor  270 , controller  280 , transceivers  254  and/or antenna(s)  252  of the user terminal  120  illustrated in  FIG.  2    and/or processor  920 , transceiver  908 , and antenna  910  of the communication device  900  in  FIG.  9   . 
     In some examples, means for communicating may include the RX spatial processor  260 , RX data processor  270 , controller  280 , TX spatial processor  290 , TX data processor  288 , transceivers  254  and/or antenna(s)  252  of the user terminal  120  illustrated in  FIG.  2    and/or processor  920 , transceiver  908 , and antenna  910  of the communication device  900  in  FIG.  9   . 
     Notably,  FIG.  9    is an example, and many other examples and configurations of communication device  900  are possible. 
       FIG.  10    depicts an example communications device  1000  that includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein, such as the operations depicted and described with respect to  FIG.  7   . In some examples, communication device  1000  may be an AP  110  as described, for example with respect to  FIGS.  1  and  2   . 
     Communications device  1000  includes a processing system  1002  coupled to a transceiver  1008  (e.g., a transmitter and/or a receiver). Transceiver  1008  is configured to transmit (or send) and receive signals for the communications device  1000  via an antenna  1010 , such as the various signals as described herein. Processing system  1002  may be configured to perform processing functions for communications device  1000 , including processing signals received and/or to be transmitted by communications device  1000 . 
     Processing system  1002  includes one or more processors  1020  coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory  1030  via a bus  1006 . In certain aspects, computer-readable medium/memory  1030  is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors  1020 , cause the one or more processors  1020  to perform the operations illustrated in  FIG.  7   , or other operations for performing the various techniques discussed herein. 
     In the depicted example, computer-readable medium/memory  1030  stores code  1031  for outputting and code  1032  for communicating. 
     In the depicted example, the one or more processors  1020  include circuitry configured to implement the code stored in the computer-readable medium/memory  1030 , including circuitry  1021  for outputting and circuitry  1022  for communicating. 
     Various components of communications device  1000  may provide means for performing the methods described herein, including with respect to  FIG.  7   . 
     In some examples, means for outputting may include the TX data processor  210 , TX spatial processor  220 , controller  230 , transceivers  232 , and/or antenna(s)  224  of the AP  110  illustrated in  FIG.  2    and/or processor  1020 , transceiver  1008  and antenna  1010  of the communication device  1000  in  FIG.  10   . 
     In some examples, means for communicating may include the TX data processor  210 , TX spatial processor  220 , controller  230 , RX spatial processor  242 , RX data processor  242 , transceivers  232 , and/or antenna(s)  224  of the AP illustrated in  FIG.  2    and/or processor  1020 , transceiver  1008 , and antenna  1010  of the communication device  1000  in  FIG.  10   . 
     In some cases, rather than actually transmitting, for example, signals and/or data, a device may have an interface to output signals and/or data for transmission (a means for outputting). For example, a processor may output signals and/or data, via a bus interface, to a radio frequency (RF) front end for transmission. Similarly, rather than actually receiving signals and/or data, a device may have an interface to obtain the signals and/or data received from another device (a means for obtaining). For example, a processor may obtain (or receive) the signals and/or data, via a bus interface, from an RF front end for reception. In various aspects, an RF front end may include various components, including transmit and receive processors, transmit and receive MIMO processors, modulators, demodulators, and the like, such as depicted in the examples in  FIG.  2   . 
     In some examples, means for determining, means for obtaining, means for sending, means for forwarding, means for selecting, means for replacing, and means for outputting may include various processing system components, such as: the one or more processors  1020  in  FIG.  10   , or aspects of the AP  110  depicted in  FIG.  2   , including receive processor  240 , transmit processor  220 , TX data processor  210 , and/or controller  230 . 
     Notably,  FIG.  10    is an example, and many other examples and configurations of communication device  1000  are possible. 
     Example Aspects 
     Implementation examples are described in the following numbered aspects: 
     Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a wireless station, comprising: obtaining, from an access point (AP), a transmission opportunity (TXOP) sharing trigger indicating a duration in which a TXOP is shared by the wireless station and one or more other devices; relaying, to the one or more other devices, information identifying parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices; and during the TXOP, communicating with the one or more other devices based on the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. 
     Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the one or more other devices comprise one or more peer devices communicatively coupled to the wireless station. 
     Aspect 3: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 2, wherein the one or more other devices comprise a second AP. 
     Aspect 4: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 3, wherein the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices comprises a puncturing pattern associated with subchannels. 
     Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 4, further comprising: signaling, to the AP, an ability of the one or more other devices to support puncturing of one or more subchannels; and after the signaling, obtaining a bitmap identifying one or more subchannels punctured by the AP, wherein the information identifying the puncturing pattern associated with subchannels comprises the obtained bitmap. 
     Aspect 6: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 5, wherein relaying the information identifying the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices comprises outputting the information for transmission during a tunneled direct link setup (TDLS) procedure. 
     Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 6, wherein the information comprises information identifying one or more subchannels punctured by the AP. 
     Aspect 8: The method of any one of Aspects 6 through 7, wherein the information comprises information identifying one or more subchannels punctured by the wireless station. 
     Aspect 9: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 8, further comprising: puncturing one or more subchannels for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices during the TXOP. 
     Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 9, further comprising: outputting for transmission to the AP information identifying the one or more subchannels punctured during the TXOP. 
     Aspect 11: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 10, wherein the information identifying the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices is carried in a header of a frame transmitted to the one or more other devices. 
     Aspect 12: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 11, wherein communicating with the one or more other devices comprises communicating with the one or more other devices based on a bandwidth of a frame in which at least one of the TXOP sharing trigger or a clear to send message is carried. 
     Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, further comprising: outputting for transmission to the AP an indication of a maximum bandwidth supported for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, wherein the bandwidth of the frame is based on the indicated maximum bandwidth. 
     Aspect 14: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 13, further comprising: communicating with the AP during a first portion of the TXOP, wherein communicating with the one or more other devices comprises communicating with the one or more other devices during a second portion of the TXOP temporally after the first portion of the TXOP. 
     Aspect 15: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the second portion of the TXOP comprises a remainder of the TXOP after the first portion of the TXOP. 
     Aspect 16: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 15, further comprising: obtaining from the AP information identifying the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. 
     Aspect 17: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 16, wherein the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more devices comprise at least one of channel bandwidth for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, a maximum transmission power for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, a link identifier for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, spatial parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, or timing information associated with a link between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. 
     Aspect 18: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 17, wherein the information identifying the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices is relayed via a dedicated information element in a frame transmitted to the one or more other devices. 
     Aspect 19: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 18, wherein the information identifying the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices is relayed via a quality of service (QoS) information element or a traffic specification (TSPEC) information element. 
     Aspect 20: The method of any one of Aspects 1 through 19, wherein the information identifying the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices is relayed via at least one of a stream classification service (SCS) request frame or a target wake time (TWT) request frame. 
     Aspect 21: A method for wireless communications at a wireless station, comprising: establishing a connection with a second wireless station; obtaining from the second wireless station information identifying parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station; and communicating with the second wireless station during a transmission opportunity (TXOP) based on the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station. 
     Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, wherein the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station comprise a puncturing pattern associated with subchannels, and wherein the puncturing pattern is obtained via a bitmap in a management frame. 
     Aspect 23: The method of any one of Aspects 21 through 22, wherein the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station is obtained during a tunneled direct link setup (TDLS) procedure with the second wireless station. 
     Aspect 24: The method of any one of Aspects 21 through 22, further comprising: dynamically puncturing one or more subchannels for wireless communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station. 
     Aspect 25: The method of any one of Aspects 21 through 24, wherein: the TXOP is divided into a first portion and a second portion temporally after the first portion, and communicating with the second wireless station comprises communicating with the second wireless station during a second portion of a transmission opportunity (TXOP). 
     Aspect 26: The method of any one of Aspects 21 through 25, wherein the information obtained from the second wireless station comprises a puncturing pattern defined by an access point (AP) to which the second wireless communication is connected. 
     Aspect 27: The method of any one of Aspects 21 through 26, wherein the information obtained from the second wireless station comprises a puncturing pattern defined by the second wireless station. 
     Aspect 28: The method of any one of Aspects 21 through 27, wherein communicating with the second wireless station during the TXOP comprises communicating with the second wireless station based on subchannels punctured by an access point (AP) to which the second wireless communication is connected and subchannels punctured by the second wireless station. 
     Aspect 29: The method of Aspect 28, wherein communicating based on the subchannels punctured by the AP and subchannels punctured by the second wireless station comprises communicating based on an intersection of the subchannels punctured by the AP and the subchannels punctured by the second wireless station. 
     Aspect 30: A method for wireless communications at an access point (AP), comprising: outputting, for transmission to a wireless station, information identifying parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and one or more other devices; outputting, for transmission to the wireless station, a transmission opportunity (TXOP) sharing trigger indicating a duration in which the TXOP is to be shared by the wireless station and one or more other devices; and communicating with the wireless station during at least part of the TXOP based on the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and one or more other devices. 
     Aspect 31: The method of Aspect 30, wherein the parameters for communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices comprises a puncturing pattern associated with subchannels. 
     Aspect 32: The method of Aspect 31, further comprising: obtaining from the wireless station an ability of the one or more other devices to support puncturing of one or more subchannels, wherein the information identifying the puncturing pattern is based on the ability of the one or more other devices to support puncturing of the one or more subchannels. 
     Aspect 33: The method of any one of Aspects 31 through 32, further comprising: monitoring one or more subchannels for transmissions on each of the one or more subchannels during the TXOP in which the wireless station and one or more other devices are communicating; and identifying the puncturing pattern based on monitoring the one or more subchannels. 
     Aspect 34: The method of any one of Aspects 30 through 33, further comprising: obtaining, from the wireless station, information identifying one or more punctured subchannels for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices that are punctured during the TXOP, wherein the communication between the AP and the wireless station is further based on the identified one or more punctured subchannels. 
     Aspect 35: The method of any one of Aspects 30 through 34, wherein the TXOP is divided into a first portion and a second portion, and communicating with the wireless station based on the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices comprises communicating with the wireless station during only the first portion of the TXOP. 
     Aspect 36: The method of Aspect 35, wherein the second portion of the TXOP comprises a remainder of the TXOP temporally after the first portion of the TXOP. 
     Aspect 37: The method of any one of Aspects 30 through 36, further comprising: outputting, for transmission to the wireless station, information identifying transmission parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. 
     Aspect 38: The method of any one of Aspects 30 through 37, wherein the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more devices comprise at least one of a channel bandwidth for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, a maximum transmission power for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, a modulation and coding scheme for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, a link identifier for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, spatial parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices, or timing information associated with a link between the wireless station and the one or more other devices. 
     Aspect 39: The method of Aspect 38, wherein the link identifier comprises a link identifier bitmap. 
     Aspect 40: An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising: a memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any one of Aspects 1-39. 
     Aspect 41: An access terminal, comprising: a transceiver; a memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions and cause the access terminal to perform a method in accordance with any one of Aspects 1-20, wherein the transceiver is configured to receive the transmission opportunity (TXOP) sharing trigger. 
     Aspect 42: An access terminal, comprising: a transceiver; a memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions and cause the access terminal to perform a method in accordance with any one of Aspects 21-29, wherein the transceiver is configured to receive the information identifying the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the second wireless station. 
     Aspect 43: An access point (AP), comprising: a transceiver; a memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions and cause the AP to perform a method in accordance with any one of Aspects 30-39, wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit the TXOP sharing trigger and the information identifying the parameters. 
     Aspect 44: An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising means for performing a method in accordance with any one of Aspects 1-39. 
     Aspect 45: A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any one of Aspects 1-39. 
     ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 
     The preceding description provides examples of techniques for increasing local area network (LAN) device privacy in communication systems. The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting of the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim. 
     The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC), or any other such configuration. 
     If implemented in hardware, an example hardware configuration may comprise a processing system in a wireless node. The processing system may be implemented with a bus architecture. The bus may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system and the overall design constraints. The bus may link together various circuits including a processor, machine-readable media, and a bus interface. The bus interface may be used to connect a network adapter, among other things, to the processing system via the bus. The network adapter may be used to implement the signal processing functions of the PHY layer. In the case of a user terminal (see  FIG.  1   ), a user interface (e.g., keypad, display, mouse, joystick, touchscreen, biometric sensor, proximity sensor, light emitting element, and others) may also be connected to the bus. The bus may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further. The processor may be implemented with one or more general-purpose and/or special-purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuitry that can execute software. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality for the processing system depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system. 
     If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer readable medium. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, data, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The processor may be responsible for managing the bus and general processing, including the execution of software modules stored on the machine-readable storage media. A computer-readable storage medium may be coupled to a processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. By way of example, the machine-readable media may include a transmission line, a carrier wave modulated by data, and/or a computer readable storage medium with instructions stored thereon separate from the wireless node, all of which may be accessed by the processor through the bus interface. Alternatively, or in addition, the machine-readable media, or any portion thereof, may be integrated into the processor, such as the case may be with cache and/or general register files. Examples of machine-readable storage media may include, by way of example, RAM (Random Access Memory), flash memory, ROM (Read Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), registers, magnetic disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof. The machine-readable media may be embodied in a computer-program product. 
     A software module may comprise a single instruction, or many instructions, and may be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across multiple storage media. The computer-readable media may comprise a number of software modules. The software modules include instructions that, when executed by an apparatus such as a processor, cause the processing system to perform various functions. The software modules may include a transmission module and a receiving module. Each software module may reside in a single storage device or be distributed across multiple storage devices. By way of example, a software module may be loaded into RAM from a hard drive when a triggering event occurs. During execution of the software module, the processor may load some of the instructions into cache to increase access speed. One or more cache lines may then be loaded into a general register file for execution by the processor. When referring to the functionality of a software module below, it will be understood that such functionality is implemented by the processor when executing instructions from that software module. 
     As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c). 
     As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like. 
     The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for achieving the methods. The method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is specified, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Further, the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The means may include various hardware and/or software component(s) and/or module(s), including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or processor. Generally, where there are operations illustrated in figures, those operations may have corresponding counterpart means-plus-function components with similar numbering. 
     The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within a claim, reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase “step for.” All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.