Patent Publication Number: US-9843499-B2

Title: Distributed database server network and maintenance process

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to distributed database server systems and, more specifically, to routing data within the distributed database server systems. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The amount of data collected and stored is growing quickly, and it is therefore becoming more difficult to store and retrieve data with relatively low latency. Typical server systems use one or more centralized servers to manage all of the data. While typical systems have their advantages, namely for managing small sets of data, these systems have a number of disadvantages as well. One of the disadvantages of a centralized server is that it may not be able to scale to the increased Internet scale demands for millions and billions of devices. Distributed server systems seek to solve this problem by spreading the data among numerous databases so that no single database contains a very large amount of data and/or has a very large processing load. By distributing data in this fashion, each server maintains a much smaller subset of the data and thus lookups and other operations can be performed much faster. The typical distribution model creates a web application tier and a separate database tier. These distributed systems allow for better database scalability relative to centralized server systems. Compounding the size challenge is that the data may arrive non-stop twenty-four hours per day every day of the year. Further compounding the challenge is the need to complete ever increasingly complex calculations in shorter periods of time to enable modern real-time analytics. Although distributed server systems allow for much better scalability of database systems, there are some drawbacks that have yet to be addressed. 
     For instance, when a database is taken offline, either for maintenance or other reasons, the data stored at that database becomes unavailable. Current distributed server systems use algorithms, such as Apache Hadoop™, which allow for the data that was stored on that database to always be available. However, for many of these systems to work properly multiple copies of all the data—three copies for Apache Hadoop™—may need to be maintained. With large data sets, these extra copies take up a lot of storage space and reducing the amount of copies, even by one, can save a lot of storage space. Storage space savings is not the only reason for the Apache Hadoop™ architecture, as the number of input-output operations is drastically limited with current computing architectures that the scale-out architecture of Apache Hadoop™ addresses. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a scalable distributed server system, comprising a top virtual layer that includes a fixed or variable number of virtual buckets, wherein a virtual bucket maps an input to a routing bucket in one or more middle routing layers; and a bottom server layer that includes a variable number of servers that each include a database that stores data and an application that recalls data from and stores data into the database, wherein the one or more middle routing layers comprise a variable number of routing buckets that route input received from a virtual bucket in the top virtual layer to a server contained within the bottom server layer. 
     According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a scalable distributed server system, comprising a top virtual layer that includes a fixed or variable number of virtual buckets, wherein a virtual bucket maps an input to a routing bucket in one or more middle routing layers; and a bottom server layer that includes a variable number of servers that each include a database that stores vehicle transactional data and an application that manages the vehicle transactional data at the database, wherein the one or more middle routing layers comprise a variable number of routing buckets that route the vehicle transactional data received from a virtual bucket to a server in the bottom server layer. 
     Additionally, according to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method of migrating data from a first database to a second database, comprising the steps of receiving a key at a top virtual layer that includes a fixed or variable number of virtual buckets and then routing the key through one or more middle routing layers to a bottom server layer that includes a variable number of servers; determining if the key is located in a first database in the bottom server layer; copying data identified by the key from the first database to a second database in the bottom server layer, and then deleting the data for the key from the first database when it is determined that the key is contained within the first database; and storing the data in the second database when it is determined that the key is not contained within the first database. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       One or more embodiments of the invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, wherein like designations denote like elements, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram depicting an embodiment of a communications system that is capable of utilizing the method disclosed herein; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram depicting an embodiment of a communication system and distributed server system network that is capable of utilizing the method disclosed herein; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram depicting an embodiment of a communication system and distributed server system network that is capable of utilizing the method disclosed herein; 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram depicting a detailed portion of the embodiment of the distributed server system network shown in  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a method of migrating data from a first database to a second database; and 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating another method of migrating data from a first database to a second database. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT(S) 
     The system and methods described below enable a data network to maintain large amounts of data by providing a scalable and dynamic system that is capable of maintaining relatively low-latency database operations while allowing significant change and/or growth in data storage size without taking the system offline. The system uses a three-or-more-tiered database server architecture that allows for the addition and removal of databases. The data network contains three-or-more layers each having a plurality of buckets. The tiers of the data network are as follows: a top virtual layer; one or more middle routing layers; and a bottom server layer. The top virtual layer may contain a fixed or variable number of virtual buckets. A bucket (e.g. virtual bucket, routing bucket, or server bucket) can be a computer system that contains one or more servers, databases, devices and/or applications. However, in other embodiments, a bucket may refer to an application that is deployed on a computer. A virtual bucket in the top virtual layer may communicate with a routing bucket in a middle routing layer and with other networks. The middle routing layer may consist of a variable number of routing buckets. A middle routing bucket may communicate with a server bucket in the bottom server layer, a virtual bucket in the top virtual layer, or another routing bucket in the middle routing layer. The bottom server layer may contain a variable number of buckets. 
     In one embodiment, the server buckets contain databases that store the bulk of the data network&#39;s data. For example, vehicle transactional data may be stored in the databases of the server buckets. In one embodiment of the data network, a vehicle may send transactional data to a server bucket. Upon the data network receiving the transactional data at a virtual bucket, the transactional data will then be sent down to a routing bucket in the routing layer, and finally to a server bucket in the server layer. 
     In another embodiment, one or more buckets from each of the layers can be deployed to the same computer. In this embodiment, the buckets may comprise an application that is deployed to a computer. For example, a virtual bucket, a routing bucket, and a server bucket can all be deployed to the same computer. The respective buckets may still perform their separate and independent processes. In this implementation, the hardware hierarchy can be described by a peer-to-peer (P2P) type architecture. 
     The three-or-more-tiered database server architecture, as described in brief detail above, permits dynamic database growth and flexibility, as compared with current distributed database systems. For example, when a database in the bottom server layer reaches its maximum capacity, another database may be added to the bottom layer of the data network. The data from a first database in the bottom layer that has been filled may be copied over to the second database in the bottom layer using the method disclosed herein. In another example, during the removal of a database, the data stored at that database can be copied to another database using the same method disclosed herein. The layered database structure can be used with vehicle transactional data. For example, the vehicle communications system and data network allow for the storage of vehicle events in the form of vehicle transactional data. In one example, a vehicle operator may turn on a vehicle, or perform some other vehicle function, which triggers a vehicle event. Vehicle transactional data reflecting the vehicle function is sent to a data network to be stored. 
     Communications System— 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , there is shown an operating environment that comprises a mobile vehicle communications system  10  and that can be used to implement the method disclosed herein. Communications system  10  generally includes a vehicle  12 , one or more wireless carrier systems  14 , a land communications network  16 , a computer  18 , and a call center  20 . It should be understood that the disclosed method can be used with any number of different systems and is not specifically limited to the operating environment shown here. Also, the architecture, construction, setup, and operation of the system  10  and its individual components are generally known in the art. Thus, the following paragraphs simply provide a brief overview of one such communications system  10 ; however, other systems not shown here could employ the disclosed method as well. 
     Vehicle  12  is depicted in the illustrated embodiment as a passenger car, but it should be appreciated that any other vehicle including motorcycles, trucks, sports utility vehicles (SUVs), recreational vehicles (RVs), marine vessels, aircraft, etc., can also be used. Some of the vehicle electronics  28  is shown generally in  FIG. 1  and includes a telematics unit  30 , a microphone  32 , one or more pushbuttons or other control inputs  34 , an audio system  36 , a visual display  38 , and a GPS module  40  as well as a number of vehicle system modules (VSMs)  42 . Some of these devices can be connected directly to the telematics unit such as, for example, the microphone  32  and pushbutton(s)  34 , whereas others are indirectly connected using one or more network connections, such as a communications bus  44  or an entertainment bus  46 . Examples of suitable network connections include a controller area network (CAN), a media oriented system transfer (MOST), a local interconnection network (LIN), a local area network (LAN), and other appropriate connections such as Ethernet or others that conform with known ISO, SAE and IEEE standards and specifications, to name but a few. 
     Telematics unit  30  can be an OEM-installed (embedded) or aftermarket device that is installed in the vehicle and that enables wireless voice and/or data communication over wireless carrier system  14  and via wireless networking. This enables the vehicle to communicate with call center  20 , other telematics-enabled vehicles, or some other entity or device. The telematics unit preferably uses radio transmissions to establish a communications channel (a voice channel and/or a data channel) with wireless carrier system  14  so that voice and/or data transmissions can be sent and received over the channel. By providing both voice and data communication, telematics unit  30  enables the vehicle to offer a number of different services including those related to navigation, telephony, emergency assistance, diagnostics, infotainment, etc. Data can be sent either via a data connection, such as via packet data transmission over a data channel, or via a voice channel using techniques known in the art. For combined services that involve both voice communication (e.g., with a live advisor or voice response unit at the call center  20 ) and data communication (e.g., to provide GPS location data or vehicle diagnostic data to the call center  20 ), the system can utilize a single call over a voice channel and switch as needed between voice and data transmission over the voice channel, and this can be done using techniques known to those skilled in the art. 
     According to one embodiment, telematics unit  30  utilizes cellular communication according to either GSM, CDMA, or LTE standards and thus includes a standard cellular chipset  50  for voice communications like hands-free calling, a wireless modem for data transmission, an electronic processing device  52 , one or more digital memory devices  54 , and a dual antenna  56 . It should be appreciated that the modem can either be implemented through software that is stored in the telematics unit and is executed by processor  52 , or it can be a separate hardware component located internal or external to telematics unit  30 . The modem can operate using any number of different standards or protocols such as LTE, EVDO, CDMA, GPRS, and EDGE. Wireless networking between the vehicle and other networked devices can also be carried out using telematics unit  30 . For this purpose, telematics unit  30  can be configured to communicate wirelessly according to one or more wireless protocols, including short range wireless communication (SRWC) such as any of the IEEE 802.11 protocols, WiMAX, ZigBee™, Wi-Fi direct, Bluetooth, or near field communication (NFC). When used for packet-switched data communication such as TCP/IP, the telematics unit can be configured with a static IP address or can set up to automatically receive an assigned IP address from another device on the network such as a router or from a network address server. 
     Processor  52  can be any type of device capable of processing electronic instructions including microprocessors, microcontrollers, host processors, controllers, vehicle communication processors, and application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). It can be a dedicated processor used only for telematics unit  30  or can be shared with other vehicle systems. Processor  52  executes various types of digitally-stored instructions, such as software or firmware programs stored in memory  54 , which enable the telematics unit to provide a wide variety of services. For instance, processor  52  can execute programs or process data to carry out at least a part of the method discussed herein. 
     Telematics unit  30  can be used to provide a diverse range of vehicle services that involve wireless communication to and/or from the vehicle. Such services include: turn-by-turn directions and other navigation-related services that are provided in conjunction with the GPS-based vehicle navigation module  40 ; airbag deployment notification and other emergency or roadside assistance-related services that are provided in connection with one or more collision sensor interface modules such as a body control module (not shown); diagnostic reporting using one or more diagnostic modules; and infotainment-related services where music, webpages, movies, television programs, videogames and/or other information is downloaded by an infotainment module (not shown) and is stored for current or later playback. The above-listed services are by no means an exhaustive list of all of the capabilities of telematics unit  30 , but are simply an enumeration of some of the services that the telematics unit is capable of offering. Furthermore, it should be understood that at least some of the aforementioned modules could be implemented in the form of software instructions saved internal or external to telematics unit  30 , they could be hardware components located internal or external to telematics unit  30 , or they could be integrated and/or shared with each other or with other systems located throughout the vehicle, to cite but a few possibilities. In the event that the modules are implemented as VSMs  42  located external to telematics unit  30 , they could utilize vehicle bus  44  to exchange data and commands with the telematics unit. 
     GPS module  40  receives radio signals from a constellation  60  of GPS satellites. From these signals, the module  40  can determine vehicle position that is used for providing navigation and other position-related services to the vehicle driver. Navigation information can be presented on the display  38  (or other display within the vehicle) or can be presented verbally such as is done when supplying turn-by-turn navigation. The navigation services can be provided using a dedicated in-vehicle navigation module (which can be part of GPS module  40 ), or some or all navigation services can be done via telematics unit  30 , wherein the position information is sent to a remote location for purposes of providing the vehicle with navigation maps, map annotations (points of interest, restaurants, etc.), route calculations, and the like. The position information can be supplied to call center  20  or other remote computer system, such as computer  18 , for other purposes, such as fleet management. Also, new or updated map data can be downloaded to the GPS module  40  from the call center  20  via the telematics unit  30 . 
     Apart from the audio system  36  and GPS module  40 , the vehicle  12  can include other vehicle system modules (VSMs)  42  in the form of electronic hardware components that are located throughout the vehicle and typically receive input from one or more sensors and use the sensed input to perform diagnostic, monitoring, control, reporting and/or other functions. Each of the VSMs  42  is preferably connected by communications bus  44  to the other VSMs, as well as to the telematics unit  30 , and can be programmed to run vehicle system and subsystem diagnostic tests. As examples, one VSM  42  can be an engine control module (ECM) that controls various aspects of engine operation such as fuel ignition and ignition timing, another VSM  42  can be a powertrain control module that regulates operation of one or more components of the vehicle powertrain, and another VSM  42  can be a body control module that governs various electrical components located throughout the vehicle, like the vehicle&#39;s power door locks and headlights. According to one embodiment, the engine control module is equipped with on-board diagnostic (OBD) features that provide myriad real-time data, such as that received from various sensors including vehicle emissions sensors, and provide a standardized series of diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that allow a technician to rapidly identify and remedy malfunctions within the vehicle. As is appreciated by those skilled in the art, the above-mentioned VSMs are only examples of some of the modules that may be used in vehicle  12 , as numerous others are also possible. 
     Vehicle electronics  28  also includes a number of vehicle user interfaces that provide vehicle occupants with a means of providing and/or receiving information, including microphone  32 , pushbuttons(s)  34 , audio system  36 , and visual display  38 . As used herein, the term ‘vehicle user interface’ broadly includes any suitable form of electronic device, including both hardware and software components, which is located on the vehicle and enables a vehicle user to communicate with or through a component of the vehicle. Microphone  32  provides audio input to the telematics unit to enable the driver or other occupant to provide voice commands and carry out hands-free calling via the wireless carrier system  14 . For this purpose, it can be connected to an on-board automated voice processing unit utilizing human-machine interface (HMI) technology known in the art. The pushbutton(s)  34  allow manual user input into the telematics unit  30  to initiate wireless telephone calls and provide other data, response, or control input. Separate pushbuttons can be used for initiating emergency calls versus regular service assistance calls to the call center  20 . Audio system  36  provides audio output to a vehicle occupant and can be a dedicated, stand-alone system or part of the primary vehicle audio system. According to the particular embodiment shown here, audio system  36  is operatively coupled to both vehicle bus  44  and entertainment bus  46  and can provide AM, FM and satellite radio, CD, DVD and other multimedia functionality. This functionality can be provided in conjunction with or independent of the infotainment module described above. Visual display  38  is preferably a graphics display, such as a touch screen on the instrument panel or a heads-up display reflected off of the windshield, and can be used to provide a multitude of input and output functions. Various other vehicle user interfaces can also be utilized, as the interfaces of  FIG. 1  are only an example of one particular implementation. 
     Wireless carrier system  14  is preferably a cellular telephone system that includes a plurality of cell towers  70  (only one shown), one or more mobile switching centers (MSCs)  72 , as well as any other networking components required to connect wireless carrier system  14  with land network  16 . Each cell tower  70  includes sending and receiving antennas and a base station, with the base stations from different cell towers being connected to the MSC  72  either directly or via intermediary equipment such as a base station controller. Cellular system  14  can implement any suitable communications technology, including for example, analog technologies such as AMPS, or the newer digital technologies such as CDMA (e.g., CDMA2000) or GSM/GPRS. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, various cell tower/base station/MSC arrangements are possible and could be used with wireless system  14 . For instance, the base station and cell tower could be co-located at the same site or they could be remotely located from one another, each base station could be responsible for a single cell tower or a single base station could service various cell towers, and various base stations could be coupled to a single MSC, to name but a few of the possible arrangements. 
     Apart from using wireless carrier system  14 , a different wireless carrier system in the form of satellite communication can be used to provide uni-directional or bi-directional communication with the vehicle. This can be done using one or more communication satellites  62  and an uplink transmitting station  64 . Uni-directional communication can be, for example, satellite radio services, wherein programming content (news, music, etc.) is received by transmitting station  64 , packaged for upload, and then sent to the satellite  62 , which broadcasts the programming to subscribers. Bi-directional communication can be, for example, satellite telephony services using satellite  62  to relay telephone communications between the vehicle  12  and station  64 . If used, this satellite telephony can be utilized either in addition to or in lieu of wireless carrier system  14 . 
     Land network  16  may be a conventional land-based telecommunications network that is connected to one or more landline telephones and connects wireless carrier system  14  to call center  20 . For example, land network  16  may include a public switched telephone network (PSTN) such as that used to provide hardwired telephony, packet-switched data communications, and the Internet infrastructure. One or more segments of land network  16  could be implemented through the use of a standard wired network, a fiber or other optical network, a cable network, power lines, other wireless networks such as wireless local area networks (WLANs), or networks providing broadband wireless access (BWA), or any combination thereof. Furthermore, call center  20  need not be connected via land network  16 , but could include wireless telephony equipment so that it can communicate directly with a wireless network, such as wireless carrier system  14 . 
     Computer  18  can be one of a number of computers accessible via a private or public network such as the Internet. Each such computer  18  can be used for one or more purposes, such as a web server accessible by the vehicle via telematics unit  30  and wireless carrier  14 . Other such accessible computers  18  can be, for example: a service center computer where diagnostic information and other vehicle data can be uploaded from the vehicle via the telematics unit  30 ; a client computer used by the vehicle owner or other subscriber for such purposes as accessing or receiving vehicle data or to setting up or configuring subscriber preferences or controlling vehicle functions; or a third party repository to or from which vehicle data or other information is provided, whether by communicating with the vehicle  12  or call center  20 , or both. A computer  18  can also be used for providing Internet connectivity such as DNS services or as a network address server that uses DHCP or other suitable protocol to assign an IP address to the vehicle  12 . 
     Data network  100  may include one or more computers, databases, servers, or devices. Data network  100  is designed to provide the system with data storage capabilities. Data network  100  may communicate with computer  18 , call center  20 , vehicle  12 , or any other device accessible to it through the wireless carrier system  14  and/or land network  16 . In another embodiment, data network  100  may be communicatively connected to other computer networks, as may be known to those skilled in the art. Data network  100  may receive data from a network device, such as vehicle telematics unit  30 , and upon receiving this data, may store the data, recall and return other data, process the data, or perform any combination these operations. 
     Call center  20  is designed to provide the vehicle electronics  28  with a number of different system back-end functions and, according to the exemplary embodiment shown here, generally includes one or more switches  80 , servers  82 , databases  84 , live advisors  86 , as well as an automated voice response system (VRS)  88 , all of which are known in the art. These various call center components are preferably coupled to one another via a wired or wireless local area network  90 . Switch  80 , which can be a private branch exchange (PBX) switch, routes incoming signals so that voice transmissions are usually sent to either the live adviser  86  by regular phone or to the automated voice response system  88  using VoIP. The live advisor phone can also use VoIP as indicated by the broken line in  FIG. 1 . VoIP and other data communication through the switch  80  is implemented via a modem (not shown) connected between the switch  80  and network  90 . Data transmissions are passed via the modem to server  82  and/or database  84 . Database  84  can store account information such as subscriber authentication information, vehicle identifiers, profile records, behavioral patterns, and other pertinent subscriber information. Data transmissions may also be conducted by wireless systems, such as 802.11x, GPRS, and the like. Although the illustrated embodiment has been described as it would be used in conjunction with a manned call center  20  using live advisor  86 , it will be appreciated that the call center can instead utilize VRS  88  as an automated advisor or, a combination of VRS  88  and the live advisor  86  can be used. 
     With reference to  FIG. 2 , there is shown a portion of operating environment  10  as it involves data network  100 . The data network  100  is structured into three or more layers including a top virtual layer  110 , one or more routing layers  120 , and a server layer  130 . Each layer contains one or more buckets that each contain one or more databases, servers, devices, and/or applications. The buckets of a layer may communicate with a bucket in a layer above or below it. In some embodiments, a bucket may also communicate with other buckets within its layer. The top virtual layer  110  may communicate with other networks, such as land network  16 . While the virtual and routing buckets may contain a database and a server, they may primarily be used to communicate requests and responses between the bottom server layer  130  and other networks, such as land network  16 . In one embodiment, the bottom server layer  130  may house the bulk of the stored data. For example, if data network  100  was used to store vehicle transactional data, all of the data for a vehicle could be stored in a database in a bucket of the bottom server layer  130 . Also, the buckets of the bottom server layer may be situated such that they all have the appropriate metadata and requisite applications to perform computations on the data stored in the bucket&#39;s corresponding database and/or on data received from another bucket. 
     The first of these layers, top virtual layer  110 , may contain a fixed or variable number of virtual buckets  112   a - f . For explanation purposes, only six virtual buckets are shown, although any number of virtual buckets may make up virtual layer  110 . In one embodiment, virtual buckets  112  may communicate with land network  16  via the Internet infrastructure, and/or other networks, namely through packet-switched data communication protocols. Virtual buckets  112  may communicate with other buckets via a local interconnection network (LIN), a local area network (LAN), and other appropriate connections such as Ethernet or others that conform with known ISO, SAE and IEEE standards and specifications, to name but a few. Virtual buckets  112  may communicate with other virtual buckets or routing buckets  122  in the middle routing layer  120  through similar means. For simplicity, there are only shown a few connections between the buckets (i.e. one possible route from vehicle  12  to server buckets  132 ). However, a large number of different paths could be used. Virtual layer  110  may contain a fixed number of virtual buckets, which means that the addition or removal of virtual buckets after the initial deployment of the data network  100  is not intended in this embodiment; although, in some limited circumstances, one or more virtual buckets may be added or removed from the virtual layer  110 . In other embodiments, the virtual layer  110  may contain a variable number of virtual buckets, which means that a virtual bucket may be added or removed during regular operation of data network  100  without disturbing the performance and/or capabilities of the data network  100 . 
     One middle routing layer  120  is shown; however, more than one middle routing layer can be used in the data network  100 . Each middle routing layer contains one or more routing buckets  122   a - f , that each may contain one or more databases, servers, devices, and/or applications. The routing buckets  122  are similar in function and hardware makeup to the virtual buckets  112  except that the routing buckets  122  direct data between the virtual buckets  112  and the server buckets  132 . The routing buckets  122  may route data from virtual buckets  112  to server buckets  132  or other routing buckets  122  contained within the same routing layer or within an adjacent routing layer. In the case of multiple routing layers, a routing bucket may communicate directly with a routing bucket in a routing layer above or below it. Each routing layer contains a variable number of routing buckets  122 , meaning that a routing bucket may be added or removed during regular operation of data network  100  without disturbing the performance and/or capabilities of the data network  100 . For example, upon the addition of a new server bucket in the server layer  130 , the routing buckets may receive an updated index table or other address routing information. The newly added server bucket may be completely initialized (i.e. loaded with all the necessary software, populating the database with the desired data, etc.) before the routing buckets  122  route any requests to the new server bucket. Likewise, the virtual buckets  112  do not need to change any of their functionality or settings because the routing buckets  122  in routing layer  120  will handle all of the necessary new bucket addressing and/or desired re-routing behavior. 
     The bottom server layer  130  contains a variable number of server buckets. Each server bucket includes one or more databases, servers, devices, and/or applications. The server buckets may communicate with one another or with one or more routing buckets. The server layer  130  contains a variable number of server buckets, meaning that a server bucket may be added or removed during regular operation of data network  100  without disturbing the performance and/or capabilities of the data network  100 . In one embodiment, the system  100  may use one server bucket for each routing bucket. However, in such an embodiment of the system  100 , there may temporarily be more routing buckets than server buckets or vice versa when a server or routing bucket is being added or removed. 
     In one embodiment, the databases contained within the server buckets of server layer  130  may each contain transactional data relating to one or more vehicles, such as vehicle  12 . For example, the database in server layer  130  may store data relating to vehicle functions of the vehicle  12 , such as detecting turning on the ignition. Here, each server bucket  132  may store a certain portion of the overall transactional data to be maintained within data network  100  (i.e. a first server bucket may contain and manage data related to a certain set of vehicles; a second server bucket may contain and manage data related to another set of vehicles; etc.). Additionally, each server bucket may contain all of the necessary metadata and software needed to carry out all operations to be performed on the transactional data. Consequentially, a central server may not be needed to process and/or maintain the transactional data. Moreover, because of the data network architecture and communication capabilities therein, the server buckets  132  can operate in concert when processing large computations on data that may be distributed over multiple server buckets (e.g. aggregate calculations, etc.). 
     With reference to  FIG. 3 , there is shown a portion of operating environment  10  as it involves data network  100  and is implemented as a separate embodiment.  FIG. 3  depicts a data network  100  that is implemented as a peer-to-peer (P2P) network rather than a hierarchical arrangement shown with reference to  FIG. 2 . The data network  100  is structured into three layers including a top virtual layer, a routing layer, and a server layer. Each layer contains one or more buckets, wherein a bucket, for purposes of this embodiment, comprises an application that is deployed to a computer. In this embodiment, four computer nodes  210   a - d  are shown; however, any number of computer nodes may be used. Each computer node may comprise of a single computer which may have more than one bucket. Although a few connections between the computer nodes  210  are shown, any computer node may directly communicate with any other computer node. 
     With reference to  FIG. 4 , there is shown an expanded view of the computer node  210   a  of  FIG. 3 . As shown, computer node  210   a  has a virtual bucket  212   a , a routing bucket  214   a , a server bucket  216   a , and a database  218   a . Virtual bucket  212   a  may receive data that was sent to the computer node  210   a  from another computer node or device in the data network  100  or from an external network device (e.g. vehicle  12 , computer  18 ) via land network  16 . After the virtual bucket  212   a  processes the data, the data may be passed along to routing bucket  214   a . Routing bucket  214   a  may be a routing application that has access to a routing table, routing map, or other routing means wherein routing information is stored. After the routing bucket  214   a  determines the data&#39;s target destination, the routing bucket  214   a  can pass the data to the server bucket  216   a , another computer node  210 , or any other appropriate destination. If the data is passed to the server bucket  216   a , then the server can store the data in database  218   a.    
     This embodiment of data network  100  allows the system to operate using a peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture in which all of the computer nodes  210  can communicate with one another. The computer nodes  210  each include a virtual bucket that receives input (i.e. data) from a different computer or device (e.g. devices external to the data network, such as vehicle  12 ; other computer nodes  210 ). In some embodiments, such as the system shown in  FIG. 3 , the data network  100  may route all input through an input queue  208 . Virtual buckets, such as virtual bucket  212   a , can then pull data from the input queue  208  as needed (e.g. when it has the ability to process more data). This allows for the data received at the data network  100  to be distributed among different virtual and routing layers so that no single bucket has a disproportionate and/or overwhelming amount of input to process, which may cause the system to bottleneck. 
     In another embodiment of data network  100 , the virtual and routing buckets may be applications that are stored on the same computer and the server bucket may be another application that is stored on another computer. This embodiment is a combination of the embodiments shown in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 . This embodiment includes a hardware hierarchical structure similar to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2  and it also includes multiple buckets deployed to a single computer, as in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 . The computer containing both a virtual and routing bucket can receive input and then determines where to send the data to be processed and/or stored. The routing bucket (e.g. application) may determine the specific server bucket to send the data to. Alternatively, the routing bucket may pass the data to another virtual bucket in another computer and that computer will then be queried as to what server the data should be sent to. The data may keep being passed to other virtual/routing computers until its proper destination (i.e. server bucket) is found. 
     For purposes of simplicity,  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3  each only show one system of communication between vehicle  12  and data network  100 ; however, vehicle  12  may communicate with data network  100  through use of any system described above with reference to  FIG. 1 , or through use of any other communication systems facilitating communications between a vehicle and a computer in a network. The vehicle  12  is shown communicating with the data network  100  through use of wireless carrier system  14  in conjunction with land network  16 . However, other configurations are possible. It should be appreciated that all buckets of a single layer do not need to be, and in many embodiments, will not be, located at the same geographic location as each other. 
     Method— 
     Turning now to  FIG. 5 , there is a method  300  of migrating data from a first database to a second database. For instance, one database can be represented in server bucket  132   a  and another in server bucket  132   b , as is shown in  FIG. 2 . An application may be run on a computer device that may include a processor and memory, which is represented in server buckets  132   a  and  132   b . The applications in the server buckets  132  may store data into, and recall data from, their corresponding database(s), as well as process data. The first step of method  300  is to receive data at the top virtual layer  110  of the data network  100 . The top virtual layer may receive data via land network  16  from vehicle  12 . In one embodiment, the data received may describe some vehicle event or aspect of a vehicle operation for a certain vehicle, such as vehicle  12 . For example, when a vehicle operator starts vehicle  12 , vehicle  12  may use the cellular chipset  50  in telematics unit  30  to send data reflecting this event that is ultimately received by the top virtual layer  110  via a wireless carrier system  14  and land network  16 . The data may be routed by vehicle  12  to a certain virtual bucket, such as virtual bucket  112   d , using a hashing algorithm or other consistent distribution mechanism so that data for a given vehicle may be consistently directed to a certain virtual bucket. 
     The data sent by the vehicle  12  may contain a key, such as the vehicle identification number (VIN) of the vehicle  12 . Before the vehicle  12  sends the data, the vehicle  12  may use a hashing algorithm to first determine which virtual bucket  112  to send the data to. The hashing algorithm may use the VIN, or any manipulation of the VIN, as a key (input) for the hashing algorithm. Upon the determination of which virtual bucket should receive the data, the data may be transmitted by vehicle  12  to a virtual bucket in virtual layer  110 , such as virtual bucket  112   d . In another embodiment, this routing determination may be made by a device that is remote to vehicle  12  and data network  100 . For example, vehicle  12  may send its transactional data to a computer  18 . Next, computer  18  then may process the data using a hashing algorithm to determine which virtual bucket  112  should receive the transactional vehicle data. 
     After the virtual bucket receives the data, the virtual bucket  112   d  may then process or record the data, as well as perform other operations in response to receiving the data. For example, the key (e.g. VIN) may be processed by an application contained within a virtual bucket  112   d . The application may use a consistent hashing algorithm to determine the appropriate routing bucket in the routing layer to receive the data. The data for a single vehicle may be stored inside a certain server bucket contained within server layer  130 , and because the routing layer is dynamic (i.e. the number of routing buckets may change at any time), it may be beneficial for the algorithm used to route the data from a virtual bucket to a routing bucket to be consistent. The algorithm used to route the data to the correct routing bucket can be flexible with regard to the dynamic bucket architecture. Many algorithms can be used to carry this out, such as a consistent hashing algorithm. The method  300  proceeds to step  320 . 
     At step  320 , the data is sent from the virtual bucket  112   d  to a routing bucket in the routing layer  120 . There, one of the buckets in the routing layer  120 , such as routing bucket  122   e , receives the data. In one embodiment, the data may be received via a local area network (LAN) or other appropriate network infrastructure, as is known to those skilled in the art. Routing bucket  122   e  may process the data, and/or perform any other operations in response to receiving the data. Next, routing bucket  122   e  may send the data, and/or other information, to one or more other routing buckets  122  or to a server bucket  132 , such as server bucket  132   e.    
     After the server bucket  132  receives data, a database contained within the server bucket  132  is queried to determine if the database contains any data associated with the data received. In one embodiment, an application contained within the server bucket  132  may determine if the database contains information for that vehicle  12  by querying the database for the vehicle&#39;s VIN. This determination may be made by the application querying the database by executing prepared SQL statements, or by the application using any other database querying method known to those skilled in the art. Upon the determination that the vehicle information is contained within the database, step  340  is carried out. Otherwise, the method continues to step  360 . 
     In step  340 , data that is associated with a certain key is copied over from a database in a first server bucket, such as server bucket  132   e , to a database in a second server bucket, such as server bucket  132   f  For example, a database in a first server bucket, such as server bucket  132   e , may be queried by an application contained within the first server bucket. The application may use prepared SQL statements or any other database querying methods known to those skilled in the art. After the application retrieves the result of the query (e.g. data tuples), it may process these results and then send this data to a second server bucket, such as bucket  132   f , via any of a number of ways: directly to the second server bucket; to one or more intermediary server buckets and then to the second server bucket; to one or more routing buckets and then to the second server bucket; or any other such path included in the data network  100  and communications system  10 . 
     Upon the second server bucket receiving the data that was initially contained in the database of the first server bucket, an application in the second server bucket may then insert the data into a database contained within the second server bucket. In one embodiment, the application may first process the data to prepare it to be entered into the database. Next, the database may use prepared SQL statements, or any other method known to those skilled in the art, to insert the data into the database of the second server bucket. After a successful insertion of this data, the application in the second server bucket may send a response signal indicating this successful insertion to the first server bucket via any of the possible previously disclosed paths between the first and second server buckets. Upon the first server bucket receiving this response signal, method  300  may continue with step  350 . In a different embodiment, step  350  may proceed immediately after the data is first sent to the second server bucket, or any other time after step  340  has begun. 
     In step  350 , the data identified by the key from the original incoming data (e.g. the data received by data network  100  from vehicle  12 ) is deleted from the database in the first server bucket. This is the same data that was copied over in the preceding step  340 . This data may be deleted by the application of the server bucket executing database querying language statements, such as prepared SQL statements. 
     Upon completion of step  350 , or the determination that the key is not contained in the database in the first server bucket in step  330 , step  360  begins by storing the data received from the vehicle into a database in the second server bucket. An application, namely a database server application, in the second server bucket may execute a set of database query commands to insert this data into the database. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 6 , there is a method  400  of moving data from a first database to a second database. The method  400  involves two processes that both may move data independently from a first database to a second database. The first process (steps  410 - 460 ) can move data from the first database to the second database after receiving data input into the data network  100 . The second process can move data in a fashion that may not be dependent on receiving external data into the data network  100 . The second process may be initiated at the same time, a later time, or an earlier time than the first process. 
     Method  400  may be used to migrate vehicle transactional data over from a first pre-existing database to a second newly created database. Vehicle transactional data may be data sent from the vehicle  12  to the data network  100  that is indicative of some vehicle action or state. For example, after a vehicle operator turns the ignition on, data indicating this vehicle event may be sent to data network  100 . As shown in method  300 , the vehicle  12  can send this transactional data and all the data relating to vehicle  12  from a first database to a second database. This may be useful when a new server bucket is added to server layer  130  for servicing a growing amount of data that data network  100  handles. However, it may be desirable to transfer data of latent vehicles from the first database to the second database. If the vehicle  12  is stored and/or not operated for a long period of time, the data network  100  may not receive a transaction for that vehicle and the data for that vehicle may not be transferred over from the first database to the second database. In some implementations, vehicle data contained in a database for a vehicle is only transferred upon receiving a transaction from that vehicle. Steps  470 - 490  of method  400  may be used to overcome this problem. 
     Step  470  may be initiated at any time as long as the two databases (a first source database and a second recipient database) are present. In one embodiment, step  470  may be carried out upon the addition of a new second server bucket into server layer  130 . In another embodiment, step  470  may be carried out after a predetermined event has taken place. The predetermined event could be the passage of a certain amount of time since the addition of the new second server bucket; a certain number of vehicle transactions received by one or more server, routing, or virtual buckets; or any other event that may initiate this second process. 
     Data may be copied from a first database to a second database in a fashion similar to that described in step  340  of method  300 . However, in step  470 , the data in which to transfer may not be dependent on a key or other data received by data network  100 . In one embodiment of step  470 , the server may sort the VINs (e.g. ascending, descending, etc.) and then start transferring data associated with the first VIN from the first database to the second database. The server in the first server bucket may query the database in the first server bucket to return data for a certain key (e.g. VIN). Upon method  400  reaching step  470  again, the data associated with the next VIN in the sequence may be copied from the first database, such as the database in bucket  132   e , to the second database, such as the database in bucket  132   f . If no data for the VIN is found in the database, the next VIN in the sequence may be used. Upon successfully copying the data from the first database in the first server bucket to the second database in the second server bucket, step  480  may proceed. Alternatively, step  480  may only proceed after the first server bucket receives a response signal from the second server bucket indicating the data was successfully copied into the second database. 
     During step  480 , the data that was copied over during the preceding step  470  can be deleted from the first database. The application or server of the first database may use prepared SQL statements, or other statements or database server applications known to those skilled in the art, to delete the data that was copied over to the second database in step  470 . 
     During step  490 , it is determined if the steps  470 - 480  should be carried out again. In one embodiment, this determination may be made by the occurrence of a certain event. For example, if the first database no longer has any more data stored inside of it, then the second process may end. In another example, if all of the desired data has been copied over, then the second process may end. In a yet another example, if the size of data stored in the first or second database reaches a certain size (e.g. the first database size drops below a certain amount of gigabytes; the second database size rises above a certain amount of gigabytes; the second database size is equal to or larger than the first database size), then the second process may end. However, if the event has not occurred, then steps  470 - 480  may be carried out again. 
     It is to be understood that the foregoing is a description of one or more embodiments of the invention. For example, the previous two methods (i.e. method  300  and method  400 ) were described with regard to the specific embodiment of the data network  100  shown in  FIG. 2 ; however, both methods may be carried out by other embodiments of data network  100 , such as that which is shown in  FIG. 3 . The invention is not limited to the particular embodiment(s) disclosed herein, but rather is defined solely by the claims below. Furthermore, the statements contained in the foregoing description relate to particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention or on the definition of terms used in the claims, except where a term or phrase is expressly defined above. Various other embodiments and various changes and modifications to the disclosed embodiment(s) will become apparent to those skilled in the art. All such other embodiments, changes, and modifications are intended to come within the scope of the appended claims. 
     As used in this specification and claims, the terms “e.g.,” “for example,” “for instance,” “such as,” and “like,” and the verbs “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and their other verb forms, when used in conjunction with a listing of one or more components or other items, are each to be construed as open-ended, meaning that the listing is not to be considered as excluding other, additional components or items. Other terms are to be construed using their broadest reasonable meaning unless they are used in a context that requires a different interpretation.