Patent Publication Number: US-2017362005-A1

Title: Compostable container for storing fluids

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/507,589, filed Oct. 6, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 8,852,335, granted Oct. 7, 2014, which is a divisional of U.S. Pat. No. 8,245,848, granted Aug. 21, 2012, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/090,871, filed Aug. 21, 2008, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention generally relates to the field of biodegradable articles, particularly relating to a fully biodegradable container for storing fluids, where the container has a predetermined shelf-life, after the expiration of which the container biodegrades gradually into organic material. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Waste pollution is considered a serious threat in our modern age. A growing population leads to an increase in consumption and an increase in household waste, including containers and bottles. The waste stemming from such consumption negatively impacts our environment. 
     A particular problem is the growing consumption of plastic containers for bottled water. Due to rising health concerns related to the quality of tap water in recent decades, an alarming rate of people have begun to consume bottled water. The discarded plastic water bottles are harmful to the environment. Not only do wasted plastic containers fill up our landfills, but they also frequently cause water contamination as they end up in water streams. Moreover, plastic water bottles and other plastic containers are petroleum-based products and as such are of a toxic nature, capable of harming not only a natural habitat, but also its inhabitants. 
     The problem of water contamination as well as the sheer volume of consumption is particularly exhibited in the problematic nature of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, situated in the North Pacific Ocean. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch has been formed substantially by plastic waste products, particularly plastic containers for bottled water. Samples taken from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in 2001 reveal that the mass of plastic waste exceeded that of zooplankton, which is the dominant animal life in the area. 
     The plastic waste products encompassed by this enormous patch are subject to plastic photodegradation, which causes the plastic waste products to degrade into small toxic plastic polymers. Over time, the plastic polymers are broken down into smaller and smaller pieces. However, the polymers do not decompose into materials found in nature. These small toxic plastic polymers concentrate in the upper water column and are ultimately ingested by aquatic organisms which reside near the ocean&#39;s surface. Plastic waste thus enters the food chain. Furthermore, many larger aquatic animals, such as Orcas, consume the plastic waste during hunting activity, the consumption of which plastic waste is extremely harmful. The floating particles of plastic waste also frequently resemble zooplankton, which can lead to them being consumed by jellyfish, presenting another venue for entering the ocean food chain. Besides ingestion, other concerns caused by plastic waste ending up in water systems include the frequent entanglement of wildlife. 
     The degradation of plastic waste also contaminates the air and the soil. As the plastic waste degrades, it can release toxic pollutants, such as greenhouse gases. As mentioned above, over time the plastic degrades into smaller and smaller toxic plastic particles, never returning to compounds found in nature. 
     Landfills contain a tremendous amount of plastic waste. As the plastics degrade, the pollutants leach into the soil and the gases escape into the air. As a response to this threat, recycling has been introduced into the consumption cycle. Recycling generally involves processing used materials into new products. However, the processing of waste can be economically ineffective, as it entails various mechanisms, such as collecting the waste, sorting the waste according to provided specifications, and the final stage of processing the waste into materials that can be used in new products. Aside from the ineffective processes, recycling is not widely available in all communities, and if available, often is not mandatory. Thus, many individuals either do not have a convenient venue for recycling or simply choose not to recycle. 
     Recycling has its disadvantages as well. The sorting and shipping of the plastic waste to the appropriate recycling facility is costly, both monetarily and environmentally. Different types of plastics must be recycled separately because the different types do not cooperate to form a stable reusable plastic. In addition, many plastics have a limited recyclable life. For example, recycling plastic water bottles can result in a lower grade plastic that can not be converted into a new plastic water bottle. 
     Other methods of preventing pollution include the partial use of biodegradable material in plastic products. Certain auxiliary elements are made of biodegradable material and are then incorporated within the container, while the remainder of the container is substantially plastic based on petroleum. If these mixed products are included with other plastics for recycling, they can contaminate the product and render it unusable. 
     A company by the name of BIOTA advertises that it uses a corn-based PLA (polylactic acid) to produce bottles for its water products. It states that such a water bottle can degrade within 75 to 80 days in commercial composting conditions. However, in order to degrade, the bottles need to be placed under specific industrial processing conditions, including being subjected to high heat, particular micro-organisms, and high moisture levels. Furthermore, elements such as the cap are not degradable. These bottles include elements that are not fully biodegradable under standard environmental conditions and they are also expensive. This creates a disincentive for consumers to switch away from petroleum-based plastic bottles. 
     These products, also known as bioplastics, are biodegradable in commercial composting facilities that carefully monitor the temperature, pressure, and moisture levels. If such products are not correctly sorted by the consumer, and thus end up in an ordinary landfill rather than in a composting facility, they will not degrade for years. Due to the limited access to recycling by some consumers and the problems with recycling plastics in general, there is a need for a biodegradable water bottle that will decompose into nontoxic residues in ambient conditions. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     One advantage of the present invention is to provide a fluid storing container that is fully biodegradable, including all auxiliary components. Another advantage of the present invention is to provide low production costs reflected in the consequential price of the container, thereby creating an incentive for consumers to switch from the commonly used petroleum-based plastic bottles. The container fully biodegrades when exposed to standard environmental conditions or ambient conditions in a garden, on a lawn, in a compost bin, or when it is exposed to other outdoor weather conditions. 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, a container has a body, a base, a mouth, and a cap, all of which are biodegradable. The body is made of a biodegradable plant fiber based structural material having an inner and an outer surface. The structural material is inexpensive and thus decreases production costs. The structural material provides a solid mechanical support for holding the fluid in the container. While mere contact with fluids does not initiate the disintegration of the biodegradable structural material, if directly exposed to fluids for an extended period of time, the structural material will begin to disintegrate. In order to prevent direct contact between the biodegradable structural material and the fluid in the container, a thin coating is provided on the inner surface thereof. The coating is made of a biodegradable film or sprayable resin that is substantially fluid repellant. The biodegradable film has a predetermined shelf life, such as six months, and during its shelf life is insoluble in fluids and temperature resistant, thus neither dissolving nor disintegrating. After its shelf life it will begin to biodegrade. 
     The mouth and cap are made of a solid biodegradable material, such as potato starch. Although the mouth and cap are only occasionally in direct contact with the fluid in the container for a period of time, they embody biodegradable properties so that they have a predetermined shelf life, such as six months, and neither dissolve nor disintegrate during that time under standard conditions. 
     Another advantage of the structural material is that when the container is exposed to natural, outdoor conditions, the biodegradable structural material accumulates substantial amounts of moisture. The moisture in turn affects the coating on the inner surface of the cardboard and accordingly rapidly increases degradation of the inner coating. Similarly, the moisture level absorbed by the structural material can increase the rate of degradation of the mouth and cap. 
     The present invention eliminates the need for special high heat composting conditions and instead enables individuals to simply compost the containers for bottled water or other fluids in natural environmental conditions. In effect, individuals will be able to compost the present invention in their own backyard or garden. Since the present invention includes neither plastic nor a non-biodegradable polyester, greenhouse gas emissions originating from plastic or otherwise biodegradable waste are also diminished. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an orthogonal view of a biodegradable container according to one embodiment of the invention, the container having a substantially rectangular body with a triangular upper region, and a mouth extending from and being perpendicular to one side of the upper region. 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional side view of the biodegradable container in  FIG. 1  taken through  2 - 2 . 
         FIG. 3  is a front view of a biodegradable container according to one embodiment of the invention, the container having a rectangular body and a mouth extending from the upper region of the body. 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of a biodegradable container according to another embodiment of the invention, the container having a body with a rectangular lower end, a round shaped upper region, and a short mouth extending from the upper region. 
         FIGS. 5A-5C  are cross-sectional side views of alternative embodiments of a wall of the biodegradable container of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         FIGS. 6A-6B  are an alternative embodiment of a biodegradable container having a multipurpose lid. 
         FIG. 6C  is a top view of the multipurpose lid in  FIGS. 6A-6B . 
         FIG. 6D  is a cross section of the multipurpose lid of  FIG. 6C  taken through  6 D- 6 D. 
         FIG. 6E  is a top view of the multipurpose lid in a partially open position. 
         FIG. 6F  is an orthogonal top view of the multipurpose lid in a partially open position. 
         FIG. 6G  is the container of  FIGS. 6A-6B  with the multipurpose lid in a resealed position. 
         FIG. 7  is an orthogonal view of a group of biodegradable containers of  FIG. 6A . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the disclosure. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures associated with techniques for manufacturing containers have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the descriptions of the embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims that follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as “comprises” and “comprising,” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, as “including, but not limited to.” 
     Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. 
     As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. 
     In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elements or acts. The size and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. 
       FIGS. 1-4  illustrate alternative configurations for a container  2  made completely of biodegradable materials according to the invention. The container  2  has a base  12 , a body  6 , a mouth  14 , and a cap  16 , all of which are made of biodegradable material. A plurality of biodegradable materials may be used. 
     All of the components used to manufacture and assemble this container  2  are biodegradable in ambient conditions into nontoxic constituents. More particularly, the container  2  is compostable in the average family&#39;s backyard, under normal outdoor weather conditions. The term biodegradable is intended to encompass the degradation of material from naturally occurring microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or algae, over a period of time in natural conditions. Composting is a natural process that turns organic materials into a substance often called humus. Fertile soil is rich in humus, providing a reservoir of stabilizing material that imparts beneficial physical, chemical, and biological properties to soil. Composting occurs through the aerobic activity of microorganisms that require oxygen, moisture, and food in order to thrive. These conditions can be achieved in backyard compost bins or piles. As the microorganisms grow they produce heat, water, and carbon dioxide, while transforming the starting materials into compost that can be used as a stable soil conditioner. 
     Composting in a backyard is achieved in ambient conditions that include temperature, pressure, and moisture, to name a few. The container  2  will decompose in a consumer&#39;s backyard into compost without applying additional heat or extensive monitoring of the composting process. Ambient temperature for backyard composting is in the range of 20-30 degrees Celsius (65-90 degrees Fahrenheit). Some prior art containers advertise as being “biodegradable,” but in fact, all such containers require special treatment and commercial compositing facilities to begin the biodegradation process. These containers will not biodegrade on their own under normal outdoor conditions. In contrast to the present invention, commercial composting facilities require maintained temperatures above 60 degrees Celsius, usually over 150 degrees Fahrenheit, careful monitoring of moisture, and regulation of the microorganisms. These commercial facilities regularly aerate and turn the compost, regulate the airflow, and balance the nitrogen and carbon containing materials. The additional heat and careful monitoring are expensive and time consuming. In addition, the commercial compositing facilities rely on consumers to recycle the products. If a biodegradable product is not recycled to a commercial facility, the product remains in a landfill for many years before the decomposition process naturally begins. Accordingly, a container that is compostable under normal conditions is quite different from a container that is called “biodegradable” or is compostable in a commercial system. 
     As the inventive container  2  biodegrades naturally, no harmful chemicals or metals are left behind. The container  2  will decompose into water and organic matter; the combined residues of organic materials that have lost their original structure will then undergo rapid decomposition into simpler ingredients. 
     As a result of decomposing into nontoxic residues, the container  2  and its associated components, like the mouth  14  and the cap  16 , can be composted anywhere. A consumer can compost container  2  in their backyard or they can throw it away. The container  2  will decompose into nontoxic residues in landfills or along the side of a highway. These nontoxic residues are beneficial to plants and the environment. Importantly, the constituent materials used to manufacture the container  2  will not diminish the value or utility of the compost or humus when the container  2  degrades. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates the container  2  after a manufacturing process is complete according to one embodiment of the invention, in which the body of the container  2  is substantially rectangular with a triangular upper region extending therefrom. The mouth  14  extends perpendicularly from a side of the triangular upper region, onto which the cap  16  can be coupled. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a cross section of the container  2  in  FIG. 1 , taken through  2 - 2  that passes through the mouth  14  and the cap  16 . The body  6  includes a structural layer  18  that has a first side  8  and a second side  20 . In one embodiment, the compostable structural layer  18  used for the body  6  is inexpensive. The structural layer  18  is sufficiently thick and strong to provide a solid mechanical support for the container  2  and a fluid  4  held therein. While the thickness of the structural layer  18  may vary, the structural layer  18  maintains strength and provides support for the container  2  for a predetermined shelf life. Additionally, the structural layer  18  has excellent backyard biodegradability or compostability properties, being made of substances that can rapidly break down into organic matter in a matter of days when placed outdoors in natural environmental conditions where it is subjected to ambient temperatures, sun light, moisture, and microorganisms. The structural layer  18  may be configured to neither dissolve nor disintegrate prior to a selected expiration date so that the container  2  maintains structural integrity from the manufacturer until the consumer consumes the contents  4 . 
     The first side  8  of the structural layer  18  is covered by a fluid barrier layer  10  that forms an interior surface  26  of the body  6 . The fluid barrier layer  10  may be substantially thinner than the structural layer  18 . The second side  20  of the structural layer  18  forms an exterior surface  24  of the body  6 . The interior surface  26  protects the structural layer  18  from fluid  4  stored in the body  6 . The second side  20  of this structural layer  18  is not covered with any additional insulating layers and hence is directly exposed to its immediate environment. The absence of a resistance to outdoor conditions increases its breakdown when placed in natural environmental conditions. In contrast, if placed in standard commercial distribution conditions, such as on a warehouse shelf, in a retail store, or stored at home in a substantially dry and room temperature setting, the structural layer  18  is capable of having a long lasting shelf life that can amount to several months to a few years. The selected structural layer  18  is one that has excellent mechanical strength and durability when dry, but when wet, will rapidly degrade over a matter of days. In addition, the structural layer  18  may break down more quickly when subjected to direct UV rays from the sun. 
     An opening  22  is formed through the fluid barrier layer  10  and the structural layer  18 . The mouth  14  attaches to the opening  22  and forms a watertight seal. The mouth  14  cooperates with the fluid barrier layer  10  to create the seal to prevent moisture from interacting with the structural layer  18 . 
     The container  2  can be formed by a single sheet of the structural layer  18  that is then coated or laminated with the fluid barrier layer  10 . Subsequently, the single sheet is cut and manipulated to form the body  6  having the opening  22  through the fluid barrier layer  10  and the structural layer  18 . The mouth  14  may be coupled to the opening  22  before or after the body  6  is constructed. 
     According to various embodiments of the present invention, the compostable container  2  can be fixed into different shapes. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates another embodiment of the invention, in which the container  2  has a rectangular body  6  and a mouth  14  extending axially from the upper region of the body  6 , onto which a cap  16  is coupled. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates yet another embodiment of the invention, in which the container  2  has a body  6  with a rectangular lower end  32 , a round shaped upper region  34 , and a short mouth  14  extending axially from the upper region, and a cap  16  configured to be coupled to the mouth  14 . 
     The structural layer  18  may be formed of a plant-based fiber that can be manipulated to form a rigid structure. Fibers or pulp from sugarcane, bagasse (fiber waste after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract the juice), wood, bamboo, molded pulp, or recycled paper or slurry can be manipulated to form the structural layer  18 . Alternatively or additionally, starch-based materials can be included to form the rigid structural layer  18 . The material used for the structural layer  18  degrades naturally having an adequate level of inherent biodegradation and no adverse impact on the ability of composts to support plant growth. More particularly, the materials do not include any petroleum-based plastic fibers, plastic polymers, or other petroleum-based products. 
     Fiber or pulp-based products can be manufactured in a variety of ways. Thick-walled products have walls in the range of 3/16 to ½ inches in thickness with a rough side and a relatively smooth side. Inexpensive single pass molds may be used to form containers from mixed recovered paper and craft paper slurries. Transfer molded products have thinner walls in the range of 1/16 to 3/16 inches. The process uses transfer molds that produce a relatively smooth surface on a first side and a smoother surface on a second side. Alternatively, thermoformed fiber products are thin-walled. The product is cured while it is still in the mold. This process produces strong, smooth-surfaced molded pulp products. An additional method of manufacture is processed molded pulp products. The thick-walled, transfer molded, and thermoformed fiber products undergo a secondary processing after the basic production process. Secondary processes include coating, printing, hot-pressing, die-cutting, trimming, or coloring. 
     Starch-based products include corn, maize, wheat, cassava, potato, or potato and tapioca blend. These products can be formed by a variety of methods, including compression forming, foaming, and injection molding. The starch content of these starch-based products should exceed 60% to achieve more significant material breakdown. Higher starch content products degrade more quickly and create less recalcitrant residues. Many starch-based polymers are blended with high-performance polymers to achieve necessary performance. However, these high-performance polymers can degrade into undesirable residues. Starch-based products may be incorporated into the structural layer  18  or the fluid barrier layer  10 , if nontoxic residues remain after the container breaks down. Some starch products that may be incorporated into the structural layer are thermoplastic starch products, starch synthetic aliphatic polyester blends, starch and polybutylene succinate blends, starch and polybutylene succinate adipate blends, and starch polyvinyl alcohol blends. 
     The fluid barrier layer  10  is biodegradable and formed from non-petroleum-based materials. For example, the fluid barrier layer  10  may be formed of cellulose acetate products, i.e., wood pulp. The cellulose acetate products can be heat sealed to offer gas barrier properties and can be tailored to achieve a range of moisture barrier properties. These products can be used for lamination on the structural layer  18 . Alternatively or additionally, products made from whole grain cereals, such as those produced by Biolice, may be used to form the fluid barrier layer  10 . Extrusion equipment can be used to manipulate Biolice products. 
     Zein, a corn gluten product, may also be used for the fluid barrier  10 . Zein is a prolamine protein found in corn that is manufactured into a powder. The powder can be manipulated to form film coatings that have moisture resistant properties. The zein powder can also be manipulated to form resins and other polymers that can be extruded or rolled into a variety of products. 
     Bioplastics refer to two different types of plastics: plastics based on renewable resources, and biodegradable and compostable plastics. Not all bioplastics degrade into nontoxic residues that are environmentally benign. In addition, some bioplastics will degrade only in commercial composting facilities. Bioplastics that undergo degradation by natural biological processes to yield carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass, may be used in the formation of the components of the container  2 . 
     As an alternative, the fluid barrier layer  10  may be a coating where only a minimal amount of biodegradable polyester is necessary to provide an isolating layer between the structural layer  18  and the fluid  4  held within the container  2 . Moreover, the thin structure of the fluid barrier  10  also allows for a more rapid biodegradation. Due to its low mass it contains less resistance to biodegradation, thereby enabling a more efficient breakdown of the organic matter when exposed to natural environmental conditions. In one embodiment, the biodegradable polyester material of the fluid barrier layer  10  has a shelf life of at least six months in a standard commercial environment, and during its shelf life is insoluble in fluids and substantially exhibits a temperature resistance. During this time, the fluid barrier layer  10  provides a proper isolating layer between the structural layer  18  and the fluid  4 . Subsequent to the expiration of the at least six months, the fluid barrier layer  10  becomes vulnerable to biodegradation, if in direct contact with fluids or situated in natural environmental conditions. In effect, after six months the fluid barrier layer  10  becomes soluble and subject to temperature conditions. 
     If exposed to the outdoor weather and environment, the container  2  will degrade rapidly. As noted, if it is holding a fluid  4 , the fluid barrier layer  10  keeps the fluid  4  from degrading the structural layer  18 . However, if fluid is applied to the outside of the container  2 , then it will loose its mechanical strength and fall apart. The structural layer  18  may pull apart the fluid barrier layer  10  into many pieces, since the fluid barrier layer  10  does not have sufficient support for itself. The fluid barrier layer  10 , once ripped or torn into many pieces, will be subject to weather from all sides. These pieces are now exposed to all weather elements on all sides and will degrade rapidly, perhaps over several days instead of weeks that would be required if the fluid barrier layer  10  remained intact. 
     As a further embodiment, the fluid barrier layer  10  can be quite strong and fluid resistant, but degrade rapidly, if exposed directly to infrared or UV light emitted by the sun. Since the fluid barrier layer  10  is situated only in the interior of the container  2 , it will neither be exposed to sunlight nor in most conditions to artificial light. Once the structural layer  18  degrades, the fluid barrier layer  10  is exposed to sunlight, which will cause the fluid barrier layer  10  to biodegrade rapidly. 
     In one embodiment, a material is provided within fluid barrier layer  10  that is not affected by light from standard artificial light, such as from incandescent bulbs, fluorescent bulbs, halogen bulbs or the like. It is known that sunlight emits particular wavelengths that are not found in standard artificial lighting, most of which are in the UV A or UV B range of light. A material which is sensitive to particular sunlight emissions, but is resistant to artificial light, can be part of the fluid barrier layer  10  so that the fluid barrier layer  10  remains fully intact for a long shelf life, but once exposed to sunlight biodegrades rapidly. 
     The mouth  14  of the container  2  as well as the cap  16  thereto may also be made of biodegradable material based on potato starch as described with biodegradable material used for the fluid barrier layer  10 . The mouth  14  and cap  16  may have the same biodegradation properties as the fluid barrier layer  10 , in which case they will have a shelf life of at least six months in a standard commercial environment. During this period, the mouth  14  and the cap  16  will be substantially insoluble and temperature resistant. Alternatively, they may have different biodegradation properties, since both elements are only occasionally in contact with the fluid  4  stored in the container  2  and hence might not necessitate the same high insolubility and fluid or temperature resistance. 
       FIGS. 5A-5C  illustrate alternative embodiments for forming walls of the body  6  of the container  2 , i.e., a combination of the structural layer  18  and the fluid barrier layer  10 .  FIG. 5A  illustrates the structural layer  18  having the first side  8  and the second side  20 . The fluid barrier layer  10  is formed on the first side  8  of the structural layer  18 . The fluid barrier layer  10  could be a sheet or film that is laminated or extruded directly onto the structural layer  18 . Alternatively, the fluid barrier layer  10  could be sprayed onto the structural layer  18 . The exterior surface  24  of the body  6  is formed from the second side  20  of the structural layer  18 . The interior surface  26  of the body  6  is formed from the fluid barrier layer  10 . 
       FIG. 5B  illustrates an alternative embodiment that includes a protection layer  28  that forms the exterior surface  24  of the body  6 . The protection layer  28  is formed on the second side  20  of the structural layer  18 . The protection layer may be the same material as the fluid barrier layer  10  to provide a moisture barrier for the exterior of the body  6  of the container  2 . Alternatively, the protection layer  28  may be formed of a different material that offers a different level of protection for the structural layer  18 . 
       FIG. 5C  illustrates yet another embodiment for forming the walls of the container  2 . The body  6  is formed from a mixed structural and fluid barrier layer  30 . During processing a structural component, such as fiber, pulp, starch, or a combination any of these, is mixed with a fluid barrier component. The mixed material is then processed into a single layer having both structural characteristics and fluid or moisture barrier characteristics. 
     Prior to processing, the materials used to form the structural layer  18  and the mixed structural and fluid barrier layer  30  can be pelletized resins molded together with additives, liquid resins, pulp slurries, powders, or woven components. These pre-processed materials can be manipulated to form the container  2  by injection molding, blow molding, blown film extrusion, vacuum forming, and compression molding. The fluid barrier layer may be attached or formed simultaneously during these processes. Alternatively, the fluid barrier layer may be formed after the structural layer by lamination or spray manufacturing techniques. 
       FIGS. 6A-6G and 7  illustrate features of an alternative embodiment.  FIG. 6A  illustrates a container  50  that includes a body  52  and a multipurpose lid  54  integrally formed thereon. The container  50  is a pressured formed design that can be manufactured in a variety of ways. The container  50  may be formed of a structural fiber material as described above that is molded and cured. The body  50  encloses an interior chamber having an interior surface (not shown). A film may be blown into the interior chamber of the container  50  to sufficiently cover the interior surface to render the interior chamber resistant to fluids. Alternatively, a resin could be sprayed into the interior chamber to form the fluid barrier, i.e., a coating or film on the interior surface. In another embodiment, the fiber used to form the exterior structural component of the container  50  may be blended with a fluid resistant resin prior to molding. This would result in a structural layer similar to the structural layer  30  in  FIG. 5C . The blended structural component and resin may then be compression molded and cured to form a structurally sound container  50  that is fluid resistant on the interior and exterior surface. 
     The body  52  has a base  56  that may be formed to provide a substantially flat stable surface on which the container  50  may stand in a substantially vertical position. The body  52  has a lower portion  58  of a fluid chamber  60  that is larger than an upper portion  62 . The upper portion  62  has a substantially oval cross section and forms an opening  64  (see  FIG. 6B ) that provides access to contents of the container. 
       FIG. 6B  illustrates the multipurpose lid  54  that has been partially removed or lifted away from the body  52  to expose the opening  64 . The multipurpose lid  54  can be completely detached from the body  52 . Preferably, the container  50  is formed of material that facilitates easy removal of the multipurpose lid  54  from the body  52 . 
       FIG. 6C  illustrates an enlarged top-down view of the multipurpose lid  54  in a first position. The multipurpose lid  54  includes a first portion  66  and a second portion  68  that are configured to cooperate with the body  52  to form a seal  74  for the container  50 . The seal  74  includes two seal portions  74 A and  74 B that are formed on the first portion  66  and the second portion  68 , respectively. 
       FIG. 6D  illustrates a cross sectional view of the multipurpose lid  54  taken through  6 D- 6 D of  FIG. 6C . The first portion  66  is integrally formed with a first oval protrusion  70  and the seal portion  74   a . The second portion  68  is integrally formed with a second oval protrusion  76  and the seal portion  74   b . The second oval protrusion  76  is sized and shaped to nest within a corresponding oval recess formed by the first oval protrusion  70 . The second oval protrusion  76  also has a corresponding oval recess  84 . 
     The first portion  66  is illustrated on the left side of the multipurpose lid  54 . The first oval protrusion  70  extends from a first surface  72  of the first portion  66  and positioned above the seal portion  74   a .  FIG. 6E  illustrates the first portion  66  and the second portion  68  in a separated position. The second portion  68  includes the second oval protrusion  76  that extends from a first surface  78  of the second portion  68 . The first surface  78  of the second portion  68  faces a second surface  80  of the first portion  66 . The first oval protrusion  70  forms the oval recess in the second surface  80  of the first portion  66  that is configured to receive the second oval protrusion  76  on the second portion  68 . The seal portion  74 B extends from a second surface  82  of the second portion  68 . 
       FIG. 6F  is an orthogonal view of the multipurpose lid  54  in the partially separated position illustrated in  FIG. 6D . The second oval protrusion  76  is sized and shaped to securely couple to the oval recess in the second surface  80  of the first portion  66 . The second oval protrusion  76  forms the oval recess  84  in the second surface  82  of the second portion  68  that can be seen in  FIG. 6G . 
       FIG. 6G  illustrates the container  2  with the second portion  68  of the multipurpose lid  54  positioned to re-seal the opening  64  in the body  52 . The second oval protrusion  76  of the second portion  68  is sized and shaped to securely re-seal the opening  64 . A user may depress the oval recess  84  into the opening  64  so that the second surface  82  is facing away from the body  52 . The oval protrusion  76  prevents the liquid from escaping the body  52  of the container  50 . The seal portion  74 B extends away from the second surface  82  of the second portion  68 . 
     The first portion  66  may be retained for future use. The body includes a cutout region  86  that is configured to cooperate with an inlet cutout  88  on the first portion  66 . The second portion  68  also includes the inlet cutout  88 . The inlet cutout is configured to couple the portion  66 ,  68  to the cutout region  86 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates six containers  50  coupled together for display or transport. The six containers may be manufactured as a single transportable unit or may be coupled together after manufacturing. A handle  90  may be included to assist a consumer in transporting the biodegradable containers. 
     While other systems require higher production costs and necessitate certain commercial conditions, the present invention offers a cost and process effective product. Not only does the present invention offer a cost effective production enabling competitive pricing of the container  2 ,  50 , but it also eliminates the necessary processing associated with the recycling of plastic waste. Waste management collection and processing of the container  2 ,  50  is not necessary, since it can biodegrade in the natural environmental conditions of a person&#39;s garden, backyard, lawn, compost bin, etc. As such, specific commercial composting conditions for plastic waste are also no longer necessary, since the properties of the container  2 ,  50  are configured such that all elements are subject to biodegradation after at least six months, when exposed to natural environmental conditions. 
     Moreover, eliminating the need for recycling containers will enable individuals in regions that do not supply recycling mechanisms to conveniently switch away from petroleum-based plastic containers. Since the container  2 ,  50  is completely biodegradable, the burdensome separation of various elements in the waste management process, in accordance to whether they are biodegradable, can be avoided. For example, there is no longer a need to separate the body  6  from the cap  16 , since both are completely biodegradable. It should also be considered that even if individuals choose not to recycle, the container  2 ,  50  will biodegrade in natural environmental conditions. Accordingly, even if the container  2 ,  50  reaches water systems or other natural habitats, the usual harm caused by plastic waste will be eliminated, since the container  2 ,  50  can easily biodegrade within those conditions. 
     The above descriptions are merely exemplary embodiments for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention is not limited thereto. The true scope of the present invention should be defined to the extent that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes thereto without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims. 
     The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. All of the U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet, are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary to employ concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments. 
     In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.