Patent Publication Number: US-2023136243-A1

Title: Multi-Slot Die Coater with Improved Manifold

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a multi-slot die coater capable of simultaneously forming two or more layers by wetting, and more particularly, to a multi-slot die coater with improved productivity. The present application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0125181 filed on Sep. 25, 2020, in the Republic of Korea, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     With the increasing technology development and the growing demand for mobile devices, the demand for secondary batteries as an energy source is rapidly increasing, and such secondary batteries essentially include an electrode assembly which is a power generation element. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a separator and a negative electrode stacked at least once, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are manufactured by coating and drying a positive electrode active material slurry and a negative electrode active material slurry on a current collector made of an aluminum foil and a current collector made of a copper foil, respectively. For the uniform charging/discharging characteristics of the secondary batteries, it is necessary to uniformly coat the positive electrode active material slurry and the negative electrode active material slurry on the current collector, and slot die coaters have been used. 
     The electrode manufacturing method using the slot die coater includes applying the electrode active material slurry issuing from the slot die coater to the current collector transferred by a coating roll. The conventional slot die coater includes two dies and a slot between the two dies, and may dispense one type of electrode active material slurry through one slot to form a layer of electrode active material. 
     To manufacture the secondary batteries with high energy density, the thickness of the electrode active material layer which was about 130 μm has gradually increased up to 300 μm. When the thick electrode active material layer is formed with the conventional slot die coater, a binder and a conductive material in the active material slurry migrate fast during drying, and the finally manufactured electrode is not uniform. To solve this problem, when applying the electrode active material layer at a small thickness and drying and repeating this process thereon, it takes a long time to perform coating twice. To improve both electrode performance and productivity, the inventors have proposed a dual slot die coater capable of simultaneously applying two types of electrode active material slurries. 
       FIG.  1    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the conventional dual slot die coater,  FIG.  2    is a perspective view of a lower die block of the dual slot die coater of  FIG.  1   , and  FIG.  3    is an enlarged diagram of section A in  FIG.  1   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , two electrode active material layers may be formed on a current collector  15  by applying 2 types of electrode active material slurries from the dual slot die coater  20  while rotating a coating roll  10  to move the current collector  15 . The electrode active material slurry coming out of the dual slot die coater  20  is applied over one surface of the current collector  15  to form the electrode active material layer. 
     The dual slot die coater  20  is constructed by assembling three plate members, i.e., three die blocks  21 ,  22 ,  23 . Slots are formed between the adjacent die blocks, two slots are formed, and the two types of electrode active material slurries are simultaneously dispensed through exit ports  24 ,  25 , each in communication with each slot, so two electrode active material layers may be simultaneously formed by continuously applying an additional electrode active material slurry on the electrode active material layer formed by the previously coated electrode active material slurry. The reference numbers  26 ,  27  indicate manifolds in which a coating solution is received. 
     According to the coating method using the dual slot die coater  20 , inside the die blocks  21 ,  22 ,  23 , the manifolds  26 ,  27  are filled with the electrode active material slurry, and the electrode active material slurry is coated through the exit ports  24 ,  25 . For long-term coating and high productivity, the uniform flow of the electrode active material slurry in the manifolds  26 ,  27  without stagnation is required. 
     In the currently available dual slot die coater  20 , the shape of the manifold  26  formed in the die block  21  is shown in the perspective view of  FIG.  2   . To apply in a uniform coating amount in the widthwise direction of the current collector  15 , the manifold  26  has a large chamber shape. Referring to  FIGS.  2  and  3    together, a surface  26   a  close to the exit port  24  is a straight line shape in cross section along the movement direction of the current collector  15  in the manifold  26 , and its angle to a landing area  21   a  is constantly θ, and the landing area  21   a  is an area to the front end of the die block  21 . 
     When the flow of the electrode active material slurry in the manifold  26  is uniform, the coating quality is good. When the electrode active material slurry stays or moves slowly at an area in the manifold  26 , the electrode active material slurry in the manifold  26  may agglomerate during a long-term use, causing a change to the flow and consequential widthwise loading deviation, or the electrode active material slurry agglomerates may clog the exit port, and the coating surface may be ununiform, causing surface defects. However, this problem often occurs in the manifold  26  provided in the conventional dual slot die coater  20 , so there is a need for a solution to the problem. 
     DISCLOSURE 
     Technical Problem 
     The present disclosure is designed to solve the above-described problem, and therefore the present disclosure is directed to providing a multi-slot die coater including a manifold for a uniform flow of an electrode active material slurry without stagnation. 
     However, the technical problems to be solved by the present disclosure are not limited to the above problems, and other problems that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention described below. 
     Technical Solution 
     To solve the above-described technical problem, a multi-slot die coater of the present disclosure is a multi-slot die coater including a lower slot and an upper slot to extrude and coat a coating solution on a surface of a continuously moving substrate through at least one of the lower slot or the upper slot, and the multi-slot die coater includes a lower die block, an intermediate die block positioned on the lower die block such that the lower slot is formed between the intermediate die block and the lower die block, and an upper die block positioned on the intermediate die block such that the upper slot is formed between the upper die block and the intermediate die block; a first manifold provided in the lower die block or the intermediate die block, the first manifold in which a first coating solution is received, the first manifold being in communication with the lower slot; and a second manifold provided in the upper die block or the intermediate die block, the second manifold in which a second coating solution is received, the second manifold being in communication with the upper slot, wherein the first manifold is a chamber of an inwardly recessed shape, and includes a first surface and a second surface at a location close to the lower slot, the first surface and the second surface having different angles to the lower slot, and of the two surfaces, the angle of the first surface closest to the lower slot is formed at a level of 30˜70% of the second surface following the first surface. 
     The first surface may be 15 mm or less in length. 
     The angle between the first surface and the lower slot may be between 20° and 60°. 
     In a preferred example, the angle between the first surface and the lower slot is 30°, and the angle between the second surface and the lower slot is 60°. 
     In the multi-slot die coater according to the present disclosure, the second manifold may be a chamber of an inwardly recessed shape, and may include a third surface and a fourth surface at a location close to the upper slot, the third surface and the fourth surface having different angles to the upper slot, and of the two surfaces, the angle of the third surface closest to the upper slot may be formed at a level of 30˜70% of the fourth surface following the third surface. 
     The third surface may be 15 mm or less in length. 
     The angle between the third surface and the upper slot may be between 20° and 60°. 
     The angle between the third surface and the upper slot may be 30°, and the angle between the fourth surface and the upper slot may be 60°. 
     In the present disclosure the lower slot and the upper slot may form an angle of 30° to 60°. 
     The intermediate die block may have a right-angled triangular shape in cross section along a movement direction of the substrate, and the first manifold may be provided in the lower die block and the second manifold may be provided in the upper die block. 
     The lower die block, the intermediate die block and the upper die block include a lower die lip, an intermediate die lip and an upper die lip that form front ends thereof, respectively. A lower exit port is formed between the lower die lip and the intermediate die lip and is in communication with the lower slot, and an upper exit port is formed between the intermediate die lip and the upper die lip and is in communication with the upper slot. The multi-slot die coater may further include a first spacer interposed between the lower die block and the intermediate die block to adjust the width of the lower slot, and a second spacer interposed between the intermediate die block and the upper die block to adjust the width of the upper slot. 
     Advantageous Effects 
     According to the present disclosure, the flow of the electrode active material slurry in the manifold is uniform. The residence time of the electrode active material slurry at any area in the manifold is minimized, thereby preventing agglomeration of the electrode active material slurry. As a result, it is possible to prevent widthwise loading deviation or the clogged exit port by the electrode active material slurry agglomerates due to the changed flow. 
     Accordingly, according to the present disclosure, the flow of the electrode active material slurry is uniform without stagnation, thereby ensuring long-term coating and high productivity. Since the agglomeration of the electrode active material slurry is avoided, it is possible to prevent coating surface defects. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the coating quality of products. 
     According to the present disclosure, the gentle slope at the end of the manifold allows the electrode active material slurry to come out smoothly. The multi-slot die coater including the manifold may uniformly form the electrode active material layer at a desired thickness, and preferably it is possible to coat at least two types of electrode active material slurries at the same time, thereby achieving high performance and productivity. 
     When the multi-slot die coater of the present disclosure is used to manufacture an electrode of a secondary battery by coating an electrode active material slurry on a current collector while moving the current collector, it is possible to achieve uniform coating under high-speed or wide-scale coating conditions. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and together with the detailed description of the present disclosure, serve to provide further understanding of the technical features of the present disclosure, and thus, the present disclosure is not construed as being limited to the drawing. 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dual slot die coater according to the related art. 
         FIG.  2    is a perspective view of a lower die block of the dual slot die coater of FIG.  1 . 
         FIG.  3    is an enlarged diagram of section A in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  4    is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-slot die coater according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    is a schematic exploded perspective view of a multi-slot die coater according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    is an enlarged diagram of section B in  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  7    is an enlarged diagram of section C in  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  8    is a graph showing a ratio of area with residence time of 1000 sec or more to average residence time in experimental example. 
         FIG.  9    shows changes in electrode active material residence time as a function of manifold shape. 
     
    
    
     BEST MODE 
     Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to the description, it should be understood that the terms or words used in the specification and the appended claims should not be construed as limited to general and dictionary meanings, but interpreted based on the meanings and concepts corresponding to technical aspects of the present disclosure on the basis of the principle that the inventor is allowed to define terms appropriately for the best explanation. Therefore, the embodiments described herein and illustrations in the drawings are just some preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and do not fully describe the technical features of the present disclosure, so it should be understood that a variety of other equivalents and modifications could have been made thereto at the time of filing the patent application. 
     A multi-slot die coater of the present disclosure may include two or more slots. Basically, the multi-slot die coater is an apparatus including a lower slot and an upper slot to coat a coating solution in a double layer on a substrate. The ‘substrate’ described below is a current collector and the coating solution is an ‘electrode active material slurry’. Both a first coating solution and a second coating solution are electrode active material slurries, and they may have the same or different compositions (types of an active material, a conductive material and a binder), amounts (amounts of the active material, the conductive material and the binder) or properties. The multi-slot die coater of the present disclosure is optimized for electrodes manufactured by applying at least two types of electrode active material slurries at the same time or by pattern coating of applying at least two types of electrode active material slurries in an alternating manner. However, the scope of the present disclosure is not necessarily limited thereto. For example, the substrate may be a porous support that constitutes a separator, and the first coating solution and the second coating solution may be organics having different compositions or properties. That is, in case that thin film coating is required, the substrate, the first coating solution and the second coating solution are not limited to particular types. 
       FIG.  4    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the multi-slot die coater according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  5    is a schematic exploded perspective view of the multi-slot die coater according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  6    is an enlarged diagram of Section B in  FIG.  4   . 
     The multi-slot die coater  100  according to the present disclosure is a dual slot die coater including a lower slot  101  and an upper slot  102 , and is an apparatus capable of simultaneously or alternately coating a same type of coating solution or two different types of coating solutions on a substrate  300  through the lower slot  101  and the upper slot  102 . Referring to  FIGS.  4  and  5   , the multi-slot die coater  100  includes a lower die block  110 , an intermediate die block  120  positioned on the lower die block  110 , and an upper die block  130  positioned on the intermediate die block  120 . The die blocks  110 ,  120 ,  130  are assembled one another though a fastening member (not shown) such as bolts. 
     The lower die block  110  is the lowermost block among the blocks of the multi-slot die coater  100 , and the surface facing the intermediate die block  120  is inclined at an angle of approximately 30° to 60° to the bottom surface (X-Z plane). 
     The lower slot  101  may be formed at a location in which the lower die block  110  and the intermediate die block  120  are in contact with each other. For example, a first spacer  113  is interposed between the lower die block  110  and the intermediate die block  120  to form a gap between, and the lower slot  101  corresponding to a passage through which the first coating solution  50  may flow may be formed. In this case, the thickness of the first spacer  113  determines the vertical width (Y-axis direction, the slot gap) of the lower slot  101 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the first spacer  113  has a first opening portion  113   a  which is cut at an area, and may be interposed in the remaining portion except one side in the edge area of the facing surface of each of the lower die block  110  and the intermediate die block  120 . Accordingly, a lower exit port  101   a  through which the first coating solution  50  emerges is only formed between the front end of the lower die block  110  and the front end of the intermediate die block  120 . The front end of the lower die block  110  and the front end of the intermediate die block  120  are defined as a lower die lip  111  and an intermediate die lip, respectively, and in other words, the lower exit port  101   a  is formed by the spacing between the lower die lip  111  and the intermediate die lip  121 . 
     For reference, the first spacer  113  acts as a gasket to prevent the leakage of the first coating solution  50  through the gap between the lower die block  110  and the intermediate die block  120  except the area where the lower exit port  101   a  is formed, and thus the first spacer  113  is preferably made of a material having sealing ability. 
     The lower die block  110  includes a first manifold  112  having a predetermined depth on the surface facing the intermediate die block  120 , and the first manifold  112  is in communication with the lower slot  101 . Although not shown in the drawings, the first manifold  112  is connected to a first coating solution supply chamber (not shown) installed outside with a supply pipe and is supplied with the first coating solution  50 . When the first manifold  112  is fully filled with the first coating solution  50 , the flow of the first coating solution  50  is guided along the lower slot  101  and comes out of the lower exit port  101   a.    
     The intermediate die block  120  is a block in the middle of the blocks of the multi-slot die coater  100 , and is a block interposed between the lower die block  110  and the upper die block  130  to form a dual slot. The intermediate die block  120  of this embodiment is a right-angled triangle in cross section. According to another embodiment, the intermediate die block  120  may be, for example, an isosceles triangle in cross section. 
     The upper die block  130  is positioned in contact with the upper surface of the intermediate die block  120  parallel to the bottom surface. The upper slot  102  is formed at a location in which the intermediate die block  120  and the upper die block  130  are in contact with each other. 
     In the same way as the lower slot  101  described above, a second spacer  133  may be interposed between the intermediate die block  120  and the upper die block  130  to form a gap between. Accordingly, the upper slot  102  corresponding to a passage through which a second coating solution  60  may flow is formed. In this case, the vertical width (Y-axis direction, the slot gap) of the upper slot  102  is determined by the second spacer  133 . 
     In addition, the second spacer  133  having the similar structure to the first spacer  113  has a second opening portion  133   a  which is cut at an area, and is interposed in the remaining portion except one side in the edge area of the facing surface of each of the intermediate die block  120  and the upper die block  130 . Likewise, the circumferential direction except the front side of the upper slot  102  is blocked, and the upper exit port  102   a  is only formed between the front end of the intermediate die block  120  and the front end of the upper die block  130 . The front end of the upper die block  130  is defined as an upper die lip  131 , and in other words, the upper exit port  102   a  is formed by the spacing between the intermediate die lip  121  and the upper die lip  131 . 
     In addition, the upper die block  130  includes a second manifold  132  having a predetermined depth on the surface facing the intermediate die block  120 , and the second manifold  132  is in communication with the upper slot  102 . Although not shown in the drawings, the second manifold  132  is connected to a second coating solution supply chamber installed outside with a supply pipe and is supplied with the second coating solution  60 . When the second coating solution  60  is supplied from the external source along the supply pipe, and the second manifold  132  is fully filled with the second coating solution  60 , the flow of the second coating solution  60  is guided along the upper slot  102  in communication with the second manifold  132  and comes out of the upper exit port  102   a.    
     The upper slot  102  and the lower slot  101  form an angle, and the angle may be approximately 30° to 60°. The upper slot  102  and the lower slot  101  may intersect at one point, and the upper exit port  102   a  and the lower exit port  101   a  may be provided near the intersection point. Accordingly, the locations at which the first coating solution  50  and the second coating solution  60  emerge may be concentrated on approximately one point. 
     In this embodiment, the first and second manifolds  112 ,  132  are respectively formed in the lower die block  110  and the upper die block  130 . By doing so, deformation of the most structurally vulnerable intermediate die block  120  may be less affected. In another example, the first manifold  112  may be formed in the lower die block  110 , and the second manifold  132  may be formed in the intermediate die block  120 . In still another example, both the first manifold  112  and the second manifold  132  may be formed in the intermediate die block  120 . 
     According to the multi-slot die coater  100  having such a configuration, a rotatable coating roll  200  is positioned on the front side of the multi-slot die coater  100 , and the coating roll  200  may be rotated to move the substrate  300  to be coated, while continuously contacting the first coating solution  50  and the second coating solution  60  with the surface of the substrate  300 , and thereby the substrate  300  may be coated in a double layer. Alternatively, pattern coating may be intermittently formed on the substrate  300  by performing the supply and stop of the first coating solution  50  and the supply and stop of the second coating solution  60  in an alternating manner. 
     The multi-slot die coater  100  extrudes and coats the coating solution on the surface of the continuously moving substrate  300  through at least one of the lower slot  101  or the upper slot  102 . As shown in  FIGS.  5  and  6   , the first manifold  112  is a chamber of an inwardly recessed shape, and includes a first surface  112   a  and a second surface  112   b  having different angles to the lower slot  101  at a location close to the lower slot  101 . 
     Of the two surfaces, the angle of the first surface  112   a  close to the lower slot  101  is formed at the level of 30˜70% of the second surface  112   b  following the first surface  112   a . That is, when an angle between the first surface  112   a  and the lower slot  101  is a and an angle between the second surface  112   b  and the lower slot  101  is β, α is at the level of 30˜70% of β, and α is smaller than β. That is, the first surface  112   a  close to the lower exit port  101   a  slopes more gently than the second surface  112   b . When α is at the level of 30% or less or 70% or more relative to β, it does not help to solve the stagnation of the first coating solution  50 . 
     The length d of the first surface  112   a  may be 15 mm or less. Preferably, the length d of the first surface  112   a  is not more than 15 mm. When the first surface  112   a  having a gentle slope is longer than 15 mm, rather stagnation of the electrode active material slurry may occur. 
     The angle α between the first surface  112   a  and the lower slot  101  may be between 20° and 60°. When α is less than 20° or more than 60°, it does not help to solve the stagnation of the first coating solution  50 . 
     In a preferred example, the angle α between the first surface  112   a  and the lower slot  101  maybe 30°, and the angle β between the second surface  112   b  and the lower slot  101  may be 60°. In this case, α is at the level of 50% of β. 
     The present disclosure is aimed at minimizing the residence of the electrode active material slurry in the manifold. To achieve this object, in the multi-slot die coater  100  according to the present disclosure, the first manifold  112  includes the first surface  112   a  and the second surface  112   b  on the inner surface in the area in which the first coating solution  50  is supplied to the lower exit port  101   a , and as shown in  FIG.  3   , as opposed to the conventional manifold  26  of which the surface  26   a  close to the exit port  24  is a straight line shape in cross section along the movement direction of the current collector  15 , the present disclosure is characterized as a multi-angled shape, not a straight line. That is, it corresponds to the gentle slope at the end of the area of supply to the lower exit port  101   a  in the first manifold  112 . For uniform loading, the manifold has different angles of inclination at the end. While the angle of inclination of the end of the conventional manifold  26  is θ and is uniformly maintained (see  FIG.  3   ), in the present disclosure, the angle of inclination of a part of the end of the first manifold  112  is β, and the angle of inclination of the end is α which is smaller than β. That is, the gently inclined end is designed to allow the first coating solution  50  or the electrode active material slurry to come out smoothly. According to the present disclosure, the flow of the first coating solution  50  in the first manifold  112  is uniform, and the residence time is minimized. 
       FIG.  7    is an enlarged diagram of section C in  FIG.  4   . In the same way as the first manifold  112 , the second manifold  132  may include a third surface  132   a  and a fourth surface  132   b  having different angles. 
     As shown in  FIG.  7   , the second manifold  132  is a chamber of an inwardly recessed shape, and includes the third surface  132   a  and the fourth surface  132   b  having different angles to the upper slot  102  at a location close to the upper slot  102 . Here, the third surface  132   a  may correspond to the first surface  112   a  of the first manifold  112  and the fourth surface  132   b  may correspond to the second surface  112   b  of the first manifold  112 . Accordingly, the description of the angle α, β and the length d of the first surface  112   a  and the second surface  112   b  is equally applied to the angle α′, β′ and the length d′ of the third surface  132   a  and the fourth surface  132   b.    
     That is, of the two surfaces, an angle between the third surface  132   a  closest to the upper slot  102  and the upper slot  102  is formed at the level of 30˜70% of the fourth surface  132   b  following the third surface  132   a . That is, when an angle between the third surface  132   a  and the upper slot  102  is α′ and an angle between the fourth surface  132   b  and the upper slot  102  is β′, α′ is at the level of 30˜70% of β′. That is, the third surface  132   a  close to the upper exit port  102   a  is inclined more gently than the fourth surface  132   b.    
     The length d′ of the third surface  132   a  may be 15 mm or less. The angle α′ between the third surface  132   a  and the upper slot  102  may be between 20° and 60°. In a preferred example, the angle α′ between the third surface  132   a  and the upper slot  102  may be 30°, and the angle β′ between the fourth surface  132   b  and the upper slot  102  may be 60°. 
     According to the present disclosure, the flow of the second coating solution  60  in the second manifold  132  is uniform, and the residence time is minimized. 
     Although this embodiment describes applying the coating solution in two layers or performing pattern coating by supplying the coating solution in an alternating manner, it is obvious that the present disclosure may be applied to combination of two types of coating solutions in the middle of the slot or simultaneous coating of three or more layers using three or more slots, not dispensing through individual slots. It is obvious that four or more die blocks are needed for three or more slots. 
     Hereinafter, the influence of the manifold shape on the stagnation of the electrode active material slurry will be described in more detail by describing the conventional manifold as comparative example. 
       FIG.  9    shows changes in the electrode active material residence time as a function of manifold shape. Simulation is performed with varying manifold shapes. 
     In the third line of  FIG.  9   , the cross section of the manifold is shown. The color (shade) indicates the residence time of the electrode active material slurry in the manifold (log scale). 
     As shown in  FIG.  9   , when the cross-sectional shape of the manifold changes, the average residence time and the ratio of area with the residence time of 1000 sec or more change. The residence time at the center of the inside of the manifold is between about 10 sec and about 100 sec, and the residence time at the surrounding area amounts to 1000 sec. The residence time at the outer area is 1000 sec or longer. That is, it can be seen that the residence time of the electrode active material slurry at the bottom surface of the manifold is longer than that of the inner area. Additionally, it can be seen that as the bottom surface of the manifold is narrower, the average residence time is longer. As described above, it can be seen that the cross-sectional shape of the manifold is very important in determining the electrode active material residence time. 
     Meanwhile, samples are tested by varying the angle a of the first surface  112   a , the angle β of the second surface  112   b , and the length d of the first surface  112   a  in the first manifold  112  to determine the average residence time of the electrode active material slurry in the first manifold  112  and the ratio of area with the residence time of 1000 sec or more. Simulation as shown in  FIG.  9    is used. 
     Table 1 summarizes the experimental conditions and results (the unit of α, β is °, the unit of d is mm, and the unit of the residence time is sec).  FIG.  8    is a graph showing a ratio of area with the residence time of 1000 sec or more to the average residence time in experimental example. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Ratio of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 area with 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 residence 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 time of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Average 
                 1,000 sec 
               
               
                 Experimental 
                 Sample 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 residence 
                 or more 
               
               
                 example 
                 # 
                 α 
                 β 
                 α/β 
                 d 
                 time 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 
                 1 
                 30 
                 60 
                 50% 
                 3 
                 72.1 
                 1.2 
               
               
                 Example 
                 2 
                 20 
                 60 
                 33% 
                 3 
                 72.4 
                 1.3 
               
               
                 Example 
                 3 
                 42 
                 60 
                 70% 
                 3 
                 72.5 
                 1.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 4 
                 15 
                 60 
                 25% 
                 3 
                 91.5 
                 2.2 
               
               
                 example 
               
               
                 (Beyond angle 
               
               
                 range) 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 5 
                 50 
                 60 
                 83% 
                 3 
                 101.3 
                 1.9 
               
               
                 example 
               
               
                 (Beyond angle 
               
               
                 range) 
               
               
                 Example 
                 6 
                 30 
                 60 
                 50% 
                 10 
                 74.4 
                 1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 7 
                 30 
                 60 
                 50% 
                 15 
                 89.4 
                 2.1 
               
               
                 example 
               
               
                 (Beyond angle 
               
               
                 range) 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 8 
                 30 
                 60 
                 50% 
                 20 
                 112.1 
                 2.4 
               
               
                 example 
               
               
                 (Beyond angle 
               
               
                 range) 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 9 
                 0 
                 60 
                  0% 
                 0 
                 142 
                 2.4 
               
               
                 example 
               
               
                 (Conventional) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Samples 1 to 3 and 6 are examples, and satisfy the proposed angle relationship and length. Samples 4 and 5 are comparative examples, and do not satisfy the proposed angle relationship. Samples 7 and 8 are comparative examples, and are outside of the proposed length range of the first surface  112   a . Sample 9 is comparative example, and has only one surface having a uniform angle in cross section toward the landing portion as in the conventional manifold described with reference to  FIG.  3   . 
     As shown in Table 1 and  FIG.  8   , the example of the present disclosure has a shorter average residence time than comparative example, and has a smaller ratio of area with the residence time of 1000 sec or more. Accordingly, according to the present disclosure, the flow of the electrode active material slurry in the manifold is uniform. It is possible to minimize the stagnation of the electrode active material slurry at any area in the manifold, thereby preventing agglomeration of the electrode active material slurry. As a result, it is possible to prevent widthwise loading deviation or the clogged exit port by the electrode active material slurry agglomerates due to the changed flow. 
     While the present disclosure has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments and drawings, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a variety of changes and modifications may be made thereto within the technical aspects of the present disclosure and the appended claims and their equivalent scope.