Patent Publication Number: US-7912677-B2

Title: Remote generator fuel monitoring system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of copending U.S. utility application entitled, “Remote Generator Fuel Monitoring System,” having Ser. No. 10/735,124, issuing as U.S. Pat. No. 7,072,801, filed Dec. 12, 2003, which is entirely incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to backup power generation, and more particularly to testing and monitoring backup power generators. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
     Increasing dependence is being placed upon telecommunications networks. As a result, there is a significant amount of overhead dedicated to ensuring that the telecommunications network is rarely in a state of failure. One such area of overhead is dedicated to ensuring that upon a power outage at a central office (CO), generators at the CO automatically start and compensate for the power failure. These generators are typically quite large and very expensive, and provide power to not only the central office, but to each of the customer premises (CP) lines connected to the central office. 
     In order to ensure that each of these generators located at the central offices are functional in the event of a commercial power failure, a maintenance technician has historically been used to travel to each of the central offices in a region to test the generators and assure that each of the generators in that region are working properly. In order to assure that the generators are working properly, the technician has typically started each of the generators. Upon starting the generator, the maintenance technician would monitor the system for a period of time. The maintenance technician would typically monitor each of the gauges and determine whether the generator was in proper shape to handle a power outage. 
     However, work force reduction has resulted in a technician being responsible for an increasing number of central offices over a larger region. Moreover, such increased responsibility and travel demands for the job can result in a high turnover rate for technicians. Therefore, there is a need for systems and methods that address these and/or other perceived shortcomings. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     One embodiment, among others, of the present disclosure provides for a remote generator fuel monitoring system. A representative system, among others, includes graphical user interface logic and connection logic. The graphical user interface logic typically provides a user with periodically updated data points associated with a fuel monitor coupled to an AC plant. The connection logic typically connects to a monitoring server and receives the periodically updated data points associated with the fuel monitor, the monitoring server being coupled to a number of fuel monitors via a network. 
     Another embodiment of a remote generator fuel monitoring system includes monitoring logic, storage logic and communication logic. The monitoring logic monitors a fuel monitor associated with an AC plant, and receives data signals associated with the fuel monitor. The storage logic stores boundary parameters associated with the fuel monitor. The communication logic receives the data signals and boundary parameters, and provides the data signals and the boundary parameters to a remote computer. 
     Other embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods and computer readable medium programs for remotely monitoring a fuel monitor. A representative method, among others, can include the following steps: requesting a plurality of data signals associated with the fuel monitor coupled to an AC plant; receiving the plurality of data signals associated with the fuel monitor; and, providing the plurality of data signals associated with the fuel monitor to a remote computer for display to a user. 
     Other systems, methods, and/or computer programs products according to embodiments will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon review of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional system, methods, and/or computer program products be included within this description, and be within the scope of the present disclosure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       The disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views. 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an embodiment, among others, of a testing and monitoring system of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment, among others, of a testing and monitoring system of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a generic block diagram of an embodiment, among others, of the server of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of a main screen representation of the generator testing and monitoring application of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of a connected screen representation of the generator testing and monitoring application of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 6  is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of a view AC screen representation of the generator testing and monitoring application of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 7  is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of a power fail simulation screen representation of the generator testing and monitoring application of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 8  is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of a view DC screen representation of the generator testing and monitoring application of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 9  is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of an ASCII mode screen representation of the generator testing and monitoring application of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 10  is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of an office configuration screen representation of the generator testing and monitoring application of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 11  is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of an AC I/O configuration screen representation of the generator testing and monitoring application of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 12  is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of a DC I/O configuration screen representation of the generator testing and monitoring application of  FIG. 3 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments of the disclosure now will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. The disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are intended to convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, all “examples” given herein are intended to be non-limiting. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , shown is a block diagram of an embodiment, among others, of a generator testing and monitoring system. The system typically includes a server  100  which is connected to a wide area network (WAN)  110 . In an embodiment, among others, of the present disclosure, the WAN  110  is a central office wide area network (COWAN). The wide area network  110  connects points, such as such as telecommunications equipment (not shown), within a central office (CO)  120 , and connects COs  120 . Moreover, in an embodiment, among others, of the present disclosure, the WAN  110  provides for secured access, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. 
     The server  100  is typically connected to central office  120  via WAN  110 . The CO  120  typically includes a backup power generator (engine)  130 . The backup power generator  130  typically uses a diesel engine to generate alternating current (AC) power upon any power failure at the CO  120 . The backup power generator  130  typically includes a power monitor  140  and a fuel gauge  150 . The power monitor  140  monitors the power output of the backup power generator  130 . The fuel gauge  150  typically monitors the fuel that remains in the diesel engine fuel storage tank. A suitable fuel gauge is available from Incon, Inc. of Saco, Me. Each of the power monitor  140  and the fuel gauge  150  also generate alarms that indicate a problem with the backup generator. Additionally, one skilled in the art should understand that in alternative embodiments, there are other monitors or gauges that measure parameters associated with the backup power generator  130 . 
     AC power (typically from the power utility company) typically enters the CO  120  through the house service panel (HSP)  160 . The HSP  160  typically senses the AC power failure and instructs the backup power generator  130  to startup. The AC power generator  130  is then ready to supply AC power to the CO  120 . 
     The CO  120  typically also has a number of systems that operate on direct current (DC) (e.g., the power supplied to telecommunication equipment is often DC). As such, the CO  120  also typically includes a DC plant  170 , which is operable to store energy and supply DC power to telecom equipment and a customer premises (not shown). Examples, among others, of suitable DC plants are the Vortex® rectifier module from Marconi—Outside Plant, Power and Services (OPPS), of Lorain, Ohio, and the Galaxy® battery plant from Tyco International, Inc., of Portsmouth, N.H. The DC plant  170  typically uses the energy generated by the AC power generator  130  to recharge following the battery discharge condition by a loss of AC power and to maintain an alternative AC source during a power failure situation. This is typically done via the HSP  160  which recognizes when incoming power fails and switches the DC plant  170  from the incoming power to the backup power generator  130 . The DC plant then receives the AC power via rectifiers which charge the DC plant by converting the AC power to DC power and storing the DC power. As one skilled in the art should understand, a DC plant  170  power level will gradually decay over time during a power failure situation. As such, in a situation where the power company is supplying full power, the DC plant  170  typically receives the incoming AC power through the HSP  160 , and periodically charges itself. 
     As one skilled in the art should recognize, previously a power technician was required to travel to the CO  120  and use the HSP  160  to simulate a power failure. Regional Bell operating companies (RBOCs) typically had their power technicians run tests on the backup generators at least once every two weeks, for example. Previously this required travelling to the generator sites and manually starting the engines, and spend an hour monitoring the system. 
     The server  100  typically includes a generator testing and monitoring application (not shown) which is operable to simulate an AC power failure. To simulate a power failure on a system using a power monitor  140 , the server sends a signal to the power monitor  140 . The power monitor  140  then toggles an automatic transfer switch (ATS) test relay. The ATS test relay sends a signal to the remote start relay which operates a coil to generate a  30  second alarm to notify any on-site personnel that a remote start is being initiated. After the alarm sounds, the second stage of the power fail simulation opens the contact for commercial power, typically on phase  2  of the commercial power signal, causing the ATS in the HSP  160  to sense a power failure. The HSP  160  then senses the simulated AC power failure, and instructs the backup power generator  130  to start. The HSP  160  then receives the AC power from the backup power generator  130 , and supplies the AC power signal to the DC plant  170 . Moreover, the generator testing and monitoring system application is typically equipped to monitor the AC generator  130  and report any conditions that are outside of predefined parameters, as set up by a technician. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , shown is alternative embodiment of a backup power generation system. In this embodiment, among others, the CO  200  includes a backup power generator  210  that does not include a power monitor. Instead, a data gathering unit (DGU)  220 , such as a Lorain® DGU, available from Marconi of Lorain, Ohio, collects information from the backup power generator  210 . The DGU  220  is also coupled to the fuel gauge  230  associated with the backup power generator  210 , and a DC plant  240 . 
     Again the HSP  250  typically routes incoming power to the DC plant  240 . Upon a power failure, the HSP  250  instructs the backup power generator  210  to startup. The HSP  250  also switches a relay to supply the DC plant  240  with AC power from the backup power generator  210 . The DC plant  240  then continues to supply DC power to customer premises (and any other CO  200  equipment needing DC power) and recharges via rectifiers (not shown) coupled to the HSP  250 . 
     A power failure simulation request received from a remote client  170  in the present embodiment, among others, causes a signal to be sent from the server  100  to the DGU  220 . The DGU  220  then sounds the remote start alarm similarly to the embodiment of  FIG. 1 . After sounding the alarm, the DGU opens the contact with commercial power, typically on phase  2  of the three phase power signal. The open contact is sensed by an ATS at the HSP  250 , which then operates similarly with respect to a normal power failure. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , shown is a block diagram of an embodiment, among others, of the server  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . Generally, in terms of hardware architecture, as shown in  FIG. 3 , the server  100  includes a processor  300 , memory  310 , and one or more input and/or output (I/O) devices  320  (or peripherals) that are communicatively coupled via a local interface  330 . The local interface  330  can be, for example but not limited to, one or more buses or other wired or wireless connections, as is known in the art. The local interface  330  may have additional elements, which are omitted for simplicity, such as controllers, buffers (caches), drivers, repeaters, and receivers, to enable communications. Further, the local interface may include address, control, and/or data connections to enable appropriate communications among the aforementioned components. 
     The processor  300  is a hardware device for executing software, particularly that stored in memory  310 . The processor  300  can be any custom made or commercially available processor, a central processing unit (CPU), an auxiliary processor among several processors associated with the DSL modem  310 , a semiconductor based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip or chip set), a macroprocessor, or generally any device for executing software instructions. 
     The memory  310  can include any one or combination of volatile memory elements (e.g., random access memory (RAM, such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, etc.)) and nonvolatile memory elements (e.g., ROM, hard drive, tape, CDROM, etc.). Moreover, the memory  310  may incorporate electronic, magnetic, optical, and/or other types of storage media. Note that the memory  310  can have a distributed architecture, where various components are situated remote from one another, but can be accessed by the processor  310 . 
     The software in memory  310  may include one or more separate programs  340 ,  350 , each of which comprises an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions. In the example of  FIG. 3 , the software in the memory  310  includes a generator testing and monitoring application  350  and a suitable operating system (O/S)  340 . The operating system  340  essentially controls the execution of other computer programs, such as the generator testing and monitoring application  350 , and provides scheduling, input-output control, memory management, and communication control and related services. 
     The generator testing and monitoring application  350  is a source program, executable program (object code), script, or any other entity comprising a set of instructions to be performed. When a source program, then the program needs to be translated via a compiler, assembler, interpreter, or the like, which may or may not be included within the memory  310 , so as to operate properly in connection with the O/S  340 . Furthermore, the generator testing and monitoring application  350  can be written as (a) an object oriented programming language, which has classes of data and methods, or (b) a procedure programming language, which has routines, subroutines, and/or functions, for example but not limited to, C, C++, Pascal, Basic, Fortran, Cobol, Perl, Java, and Ada. 
     The I/O devices  320  typically includes input devices, for example but not limited to, an ethernet connection jack for sending/receiving a data signal to/from a CO  120 ,  200 . The I/O devices  320  may further include devices that communicate both inputs and outputs, for instance but not limited to, a radio frequency (RF) or other transceiver, a telephonic interface, a bridge, a router, etc. 
     When the server  100  is in operation, the processor  300  is configured to execute software stored within the memory  310 , to communicate data to and from the memory  310 , and to generally control operations of the server  100  pursuant to the software. The generator testing and monitoring application  350  and the O/S  340 , in whole or in part, but typically the latter, are read by the processor  300 , perhaps buffered within the processor  300 , and then executed. 
     When the generator testing and monitoring application  350  is implemented in software, as is shown in  FIG. 3 , it should be noted that the generator testing and monitoring application  350  can be stored on any computer readable medium for use by or in connection with any computer related system or method. In the context of this document, a computer readable medium is an electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical device or means that can contain or store a computer program for use by or in connection with a computer related system or method. The generator testing and monitoring application  350  may be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a “computer-readable medium” can be any means that can store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer readable medium can be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a nonexhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic), a random access memory (RAM) (electronic), a read-only memory (ROM) (electronic), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM, EEPROM, or Flash memory) (electronic), an optical fiber (optical), and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM) (optical). Note that the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. 
     The generator testing and monitoring application  350  shown operates to remotely test and monitor backup power generators. In particular, the generator testing and monitoring application  350  stored and executed on the server  100  could save many power technician hours by reducing the obligation to travel to any of a plurality of COs  120 ,  200  for which the power technician retains responsibility. Moreover, the generator testing and monitoring application stored and executed on the server  100  could help to eliminate failures that may occur between tests. For example, among others, if a DC plant  170 ,  240  develops a problem, the power technician can be notified almost immediately (barring substantial network delay), and the problem with the DC plant  170 ,  240  could be rectified. Similarly, if the backup AC power generator  130 ,  210  is low on fuel, the power technician could be notified almost immediately (barring substantial network delay), and the power technician could notify the CO  120 ,  200  that the backup generator  130 ,  210  is low on fuel, and the backup generator  130 ,  210  could be refilled. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4 , shown is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of a main screen representation  400  of the generator testing and monitoring application  350  of  FIG. 3 . In an embodiment, among others, of the present disclosure, a user would typically select an icon on the client  170  to execute a client application which interfaces with the generator testing and monitoring application  350  on server  100 . Alternatively, the server  100  is a web server, and the generator testing and monitoring application  350  comprises a dynamic web server application having a universal resource locator (URL) to which the user could point a web browser application on the client  170 . It should be understood that in some embodiments, among others, the web server application is limited to transmission on an internal network (intranet). However, in alternative embodiments, among others, the web server could provide the information to an extranet, such as the internet. In yet a further alternative embodiment, among others, the generator testing and monitoring application could comprise both a remotely run client-server application and a web-server application. Typically the generator testing and monitoring application  350  is password protected, such that authorized users access the system by logging in upon opening a connection to the application  350  at server  100 . However, as one skilled in the art should understand, there is no requirement that the application  350  be password protected in some embodiments. 
     Typically the main screen includes, among others: a map pane representation  405 ; selected area field representations  410 - 420 ; a “Connect” button representation  425 ; a “View” button representation  430 ; a “Print” button representation  435 ; an “ASCII Mode” button representation  440 , an “AC” checkbox representation  445 ; a “DC” checkbox representation  450 ; an “About” button representation  455 ; and, a “Quit” button representation  460 . The map pane representation  405  typically includes a map of the area currently selected. The map data is typically generated using a map program. One such map program, among many others, is a Map Point mapping program available from Microsoft, Corp. of Redmond, Wash. The selected area field representations  410 - 420  typically allow the user to select an area in which to view by using a pull-down menu, which, when used sequentially, pre-populates the pull-down menu with choices from a database of groups and subgroups, based upon the user&#39;s sequential selection(s). A service technician would typically use these fields  410 - 420  to view the area for which the server is responsible. The first field representation  410  typically represents a general area which the user has requested to view. The second field representation  415  typically represents a more detailed specification of the area which the user has requested to view. Typically the more detailed specification includes a server which typically serves a number of COs. The third field representation  420  typically represents a generator connected to the server selected in the second field representation  415 . The “Connect” button representation  425  allows the user to connect to a currently selected CO  120 ,  200 . Upon the user choosing to connect, the server  100  will typically establish a connection to the selected CO  120 ,  200  via the DGU  220 , power monitor  140 , or DC plant, and request updates from the equipment at a faster refresh rate. Prior to being connected, the “View” button representation  430 , the “Print” button representation  435 , and the “ASCII Mode” button representation  440  is typically “grayed-out” (not shown) such that these button representations  430 - 440  are not selectable by the user. However, upon connection these button representations  430 - 440  become selectable. The “View” button representation  430  when selected, sends a request to the server  100  for a detailed view of the currently connected CO  120 ,  200  equipment  140 ,  170 ,  220 . The “Print” button representation  435  when selected enables the user to print the current screen with the connected generator details. The “ASCII Mode” button representation  440 , when selected, enables the viewer to view a terminal representation of the details of the currently connected generator. The “AC” and “DC” checkbox representations  445 ,  450  allow the user to view the AC engines  130 ,  210  and DC plants  170 ,  240  separately. For example, when a user has selected the “AC” checkbox representation  445 , such enables the user to view all of the AC engines  130 ,  210  in the currently selected area. Likewise, the “DC” checkbox representation  450 , when selected, allows the user to monitor only the DC plants  170 ,  240  in the currently selected area. The “About” button representation  455  when selected, requests that the server  100  send details about the program and support information to the remote computer  170 . The “Quit” button representation  460 , when selected, closes the application and logs the user out of the server application  350 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5 , shown is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of a connected screen representation  500  of the generator testing and monitoring application  350  of  FIG. 3 . Typically, the connected screen representation  500  is reached after selecting a generator at the main screen representation  400  ( FIG. 4 ) using the “Selected Area” field representations  410 - 420 , and then selecting the “Connect” button representation  425 . In  FIG. 5 , each of the “Selected Area” field representations  505 - 515  are filled. In this particular example, among many others, the selected area in the first field representation  505  is the “Carolinas,” the selected area in the second field representation  510  is the “Charlotte-Bradford DGU Hub,” and the selected area in the third field representation  515  is site specific generator unit(s) for that location. In this instance, the site specific generator is named “CHRLNCTH-500KW/DGU”. 
     The connected screen representation  500  is typically similar to the main screen representation  400  of  FIG. 4 . The most noticeable differences are that the map display  520  is a more detailed view of the selected area, the “Connect” button representation  425  ( FIG. 4 ) is now the “Disconnect” button representation  525 , and the “AC” and “DC” checkbox representations  445 ,  450  are no longer present. The “View” button representation  530 , the “Print” button representation  535 , and the “ASCII Mode” button representation  540  are now typically selectable by the user (the button representations  530 - 540  performing the tasks described above). The “About” button representation  555  and the “Quit” button representation  560  also perform the same operations described in reference to  FIG. 4 . The connected screen representation  500  also includes a “Configure” button representation  565 . The “Configure” button representation  565  typically requests a configuration menu from the server  100 . The configuration menu is typically utilized by the user to configure the settings of the generator to which the user is presently connected. These configuration menus will be discussed in more detail below. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6 , shown is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of an engine detail screen representation  600 . The engine detail screen representation  600  is typically accessed by selecting the “View” button representation  530  from the connected screen representation  500  of  FIG. 5 . The engine detail screen representation  600  typically includes, among others: an “Engine Start” button representation  605 ; a status field representation  610 ; and “Engine Stop” button representation  615 ; a number of discrete alarm indicators  620 - 650 ; a “Start Battery” gauge representation  655 ; a “Fuel” gauge representation  660 ; a “Cool Temp.” gauge representation  665 ; an “Emergency Stop” button representation  670 ; “Engine Voltage” gauge representations  675 ; “Commercial AC” gauge representations  680 ; and output gauge representations  685 . 
     The “Engine Start” button representation  605 , when selected, typically instructs the generator testing and monitoring application  350  to simulate a power failure situation at the HSP  160 ,  250 . A power technician could use this button representation to remotely test and monitor the generator  130 ,  210 . Upon starting the generator  130 ,  210 , the status field representation  610  would change to indicate the “Running” state of the generator  130 ,  210 . In the present example, among others, the generator  130 ,  210  is not running, thus the status field representation  610  indicates a “No Activity” status. 
     The discrete alarm indicators  620 - 650  typically indicate alarm conditions at the generator  130 ,  210 . Upon selecting the “Engine Start” button representation  605 , the “AC Power Fail Simulate” alarm representation  620  would change status. Changing status involves changing the color of the lamp associated with the alarm representation to a color other than, for example, among others, green or black. This other color could be, for example, among others, the color red or yellow. The “Engine Minor” alarm representation  625  typically changes status upon any of the minor alarms being triggered. The minor alarms are typically set as preliminary high coolant temperature and/or a start battery rectifier failure, among others in other embodiments. The “Engine Major” alarm representation  630  typically changes status upon a major alarm being detected at the engine. Major alarms typically include every alarm situation which is not a minor alarm. The “AC Power Fail” alarm representation  635  typically indicates that a commercial AC power failure condition has been sensed by the engine control circuitry. The “Proper Operate” alarm representation  640  indicates that the engine is operating properly, and is nominally green, for example, among others. The “Engine Fuel Low” alarm representation  645  typically indicates that the engine fuel is low. As described in more detail below, the “Engine Fuel Low” alarm representation  645  typically has two states, a minor and a major, representing a non-critical and a critical status. The “Engine Fuel Leak” alarm representation  650  typically indicates that an alarm collector has detected a fuel leak. 
     The “Start Battery” gauge representation  655  typically presents a reading of the battery voltage at the generator  130 ,  210 . The gauge representation  655  typically includes two “tick-marks” as set up by a user. The right-most tick-mark represents an over-voltage which causes a minor alarm, while the left-most tick represents an under-voltage which causes another minor alarm. 
     The “Fuel” gauge representation  660  typically presents the reading of the fuel left in the generator  130 ,  210  fuel tank. Again, the gauge representation  660  in some implementations, among others, includes two tick-marks. However, in this example, the right-most tick-mark represents a minor alarm, while the left-most tick-mark represents a major alarm. Typically this is done such that the power technician will receive a minor alarm notifying him or her that the fuel is low at the generator  130 / 210 . When the major alarm triggers, the power technician understands that the fuel is dangerously low and needs to be addressed right away. 
     The “Cool Temp” gauge representation  665  represents the coolant temperature at the generator  130 ,  210 . Again, the gauge representation  665  in some implementations includes two tick-marks. The left-most tick-mark represents a cold temperature at which the engine may have trouble starting right away. The right-most tick-mark represents an overheating temperature at which the generator  130 ,  210  may seize, similar to a car engine. As one skilled in the art might notice, there is a refresh rate field representation (not labeled) which alerts the user to the period between updates. It should be noted that each of the COWAN servers coupled to the application  350  in some embodiments, among others, periodically poll the coupled generators, even when no user is connected to a generator  130 ,  210 . It should also be recognized that the refresh rate in one embodiment, is operable to be increased by the COWAN server selected, upon determining that a user is connected to a generator  130 ,  210 . 
     The “Emergency Stop” button representation  670  typically provides a highlighted visual depiction that one of the engine shutdown alarms has been activated. Such emergency conditions include, among others, overheating of the engine, low/high fuel pressure, high RPMs, too much output, etc. Each of these conditions causes damage to the generator  130 ,  210 , and would be a condition in which the engine control circuitry would typically shut down the engine. 
     The engine voltage gauge representations  675  typically represent the voltages that occur between three-phase output lines. As one skilled in the art should understand, three phase power is the typical transmission format of power lines to telecommunications central offices. The gauge representations therefore show the voltage level between each of the three phases and neutral, and between lines  1  and  2 , resulting in the four readouts shown. Again, in some implementations, among others, each of the readouts include two tick-marks to represent the high and low voltages acceptable to the power technician. Similarly, the “Commercial AC” voltage gauge representations  680  represent the voltage being supplied through the commercial power lines (via the HSP  160 ,  250 ). The four voltage readouts represent the voltage differences between the three lines and neutral, and between lines one and two of the three-phase power signal. The readouts similarly have two tick-marks representing high and low acceptable voltages. When the voltage is between the tick-marks, the generator  130 ,  210  is performing normally. One skilled in the art should recognize that each of the tick-marks describe above are typically set by a power technician responsible for that generator  130 ,  210 . However, it should also be recognized that the generator testing and monitoring application  350 , in some embodiments, is preset with default or standardized levels based upon the equipment involved. Furthermore, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that for different plant equipment, different numbers and tick marks are used that depend on the specific equipment involved. 
     The output gauge representations  685  typically include, among others: a frequency gauge; a fuel pressure gauge representation; an engine speed gauge representation; an oil pressure gauge representation; current monitors for each of the output lines; and, a power gauge representation. It should be recognized that each of the gauges, in some implementations, among others, have numbers (not shown) which are scaled appropriate to the measurement taken by the gauge. The frequency gauge representation typically represents the output frequency of the engine. In the North American system, the output frequency is nominally 60 Hz, which typically puts the tick marks at 59 and 61 Hz. The fuel pressure gauge representation monitors the fuel pressure of the generator  130 ,  210 , and is typically between 15 and 35 PSI on a 115 kW generator. The engine speed gauge representation monitors the speed of the engine in terms of rotations per minute (RPM). The limits placed on RPM readings will typically vary from generator to generator, depending upon the model, type, expected output, etc., but can be between 1770 and 1830 RPM on a 115 kW generator. The oil pressure gauge representation typically represents the oil pressure in the engine, such as 35 and 65 PSI on a 115 kW generator. Each of the current monitor representations typically represent the output current on one of the three phase power lines, which is typically below 280 amps on a 115 kW generator. The power gauge representation represents the output power of the generator  130 ,  210 , which is typically below 115 kW on a 115 kW generator. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7 , shown is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of a engine start screen representation  700 . This screen representation  700  typically appears after the user has selected the “Engine Start” button representation  605  of the previous screen representation  600  ( FIG. 6 ). One skilled in the art should note that the status field representation  610  has changed to indicate the running status of the engine. The “AC Power Fail Simulate” alarm representation  620  in some embodiments, among others, changes color to indicate the power fail simulation status. The “AC Power Fail” alarm representation  635  would change colors to simulate the failure of commercial power (one skilled in the art should note, however, that the “Commercial AC” gauge representation continues to read normal, such that the user would know that he or she could bring the system out of the power fail simulation). The “Proper Operate” alarm representation  640  would typically change colors to indicate the proper operation of the generator  130 ,  210 . Typically, the “Cool Temp” gauge representation  665  may increase due to the running of the engine. The “Engine Voltage” gauge representations  675  would typically increase to between the tick-marks for each of the readouts, provided the system is operating normally. Similarly, the output gauge representations  685  would indicate the current output of the engine. In an embodiment, among others, of the present disclosure each of the output gauges are separated into color ranges which indicate normal operation of the generator  130 ,  210 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 8 , shown is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of a DC plant view screen representation  800 . The DC plant view screen representation  800  is typically reached by selecting a DC checkbox representation from the main screen representation  400 , connecting to a DC plant and then choosing to view the DC plant. Alternatively, since each AC backup generator  130 ,  210  typically has a DC plant associated with it, when the AC generator  130 ,  210  and DC plant  170 ,  240  are being queried by a single DGU  220  (a single IP Address) the user would be able to select a “DC View” selection from a dropdown menu representation  690  ( FIG. 6 ). However, when a DEC (available from Kohler Inc. of Kohler, Wis. as one example, among others) is coupled to the backup generator or power monitors  140  coupled to the backup generator, a user would typically return to the map to select the DC plant. The rectifiers at the DC plant are typically read through a solid state controller on newer DC plants and through a remote monitor device such as a DGU for other plants. 
     The DC plant view screen representation  800  typically includes a number of alarm representations  805 - 835 . The alarm representations include, among others: a “48 Volt Minor” alarm representation  805 ; a “DC Minor” alarm representation  810 ; a “Low Volt Battery Discharge” alarm representation  815 ; a “48 Volt Major” alarm representation  820 ; a “Very Low Voltage” alarm representation  825 ; a “Distribution Fuse Major” alarm representation  830 ; and, a “High Voltage” alarm representation  835 . 
     The “48 Volt Minor” alarm representation  805  typically indicates that one rectifier has been lost. The minor typically indicates that there are enough rectifiers remaining to carry the load that was originally carried by the rectifier that was lost. The “48 Volt Major” alarm representation  820  typically indicates that there are not enough rectifiers left to carry the load of the lost rectifier(s). The “DC Minor” alarm representation  810  typically indicates that a minor alarm is present at the DC plant. The “Low Volt Battery Discharge” alarm representation  815  typically indicates that the battery voltage is low. The “Very Low Voltage” alarm representation  825  would typically indicate that the battery is at a very low voltage (e.g. approaching the operating voltage for connected equipment). The “Distribution Fuse Major” alarm representation  830  typically indicates that a distribution fuse has operated and requires attention from a technician, since the equipment attached to that load no longer has DC power available. The “High Voltage” alarm representation  835  typically indicates that an over-voltage situation is present. In an over-voltage situation the battery is typically supplying too high a voltage to the connected equipment. 
     The DC plant view screen representation also typically includes a number of gauge representations  840 - 855 . The gauge representations, in some implementations, include, among others: a “Discharge Current” gauge representation  840 ; a “Charge Current” gauge representation  845 ; a “Plant Voltage” gauge representation  850 ; and, rectifier current gauge representations  855 . The “Discharge Current” gauge representation  840  typically indicates the current that is being discharged from the DC plant  170 ,  240 . The “Charge Current” gauge representation  845  typically represents the charge current that is currently being input to the DC plant  170 ,  240  from the rectifiers. The “Plant Voltage” gauge representation  850  typically represents the output voltage of the DC plant  170 ,  240 . The rectifier current gauge representations  855  typically indicate the current being supplied to the battery via the rectifiers at the DC plant  170 ,  240 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 9 , shown is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of an “ASCII Mode” terminal screen representation  900 . The terminal screen representation  905  typically provides a user with the ASCII output of the monitors at a central office location. Furthermore, the “ASCII Mode” terminal screen representation  900  typically provides a “Return to Map” button representation  910  to return to the connected screen representation  500  of  FIG. 5 . The “ASCII Mode” terminal screen representation  900  also provides a “Print Session” button representation  915 , and a “Save Session” button representation  920 . The “Print Session” button representation  915  enables a user to print the screen when selected, while the “Save Session” button representation  920 , when selected, enables the user to save the current terminal session screen representation  900 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 10 , shown is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of an “Office Configuration” screen representation  1000 . A user would typically use this screen to enter new office locations, or to change information regarding a current office. The user typically selects a hub and a current office, and adjust the settings that appear in the field representations below the hub and current office field representations. The “Location” field representation  1005  is used to provide the location of the current office, while the “Office Name” field representation  1010  is used to give a name to the current office. The “Equipment Type” pull-down menu representation  1015  typically includes, among others: a DGU equipment representation, either of the current DEC configurations, such as the  340  and  550  models, an Onan controller application, the Galaxy plant application and the PECO monitor configuration. The “Slave Address” field representation  1020  is used for entering connection configurations for the DEC controller/power monitor configurations. The “Data Switch Port” pull-down menu representation  1025  is used for entering the appropriate data switch port number in in the event that feature is being used on the Galaxy power plant. The “Equip. Password” field representation  1030  is used for entering a password for the selected equipment. The “Engine Number” field representation  1035  is used for entering the model number. The “Engine Manufacturer” field representation  1040  is used for entering the manufacturer of the generator. The “Fuel Tank Capacity” field representation  1045  is typically used for entering the capacity of the fuel tank used on the generator. The “Rating” field representation  1050  is typically used for entering a kilowatt rating of the engine/alternator. The “Verify” field representation  1055  is typically used for entering the date the configuration and readings were verified by the user. The “Incon Fuel Monitor” field representations  1060  are typically used for entering the internet protocol address and port of the fuel monitor. The equipment “IP Address” field representation  1065  is used for entering the IP address of the equipment specified. The “Serial Port” pull-down menu representation  1070  is typically used to select a serial port to which the server can connect. The “Equipment Delay” field representation  1075  is typically used to allow a delay before sending the start and stop signals to the equipment. The “Holdover Time” field representation  1080  is typically used to correspond with the office timer device that delays the transfer of AC power requirements back to commercial AC following the return of commercial power. The “Equip. Hour Meter” field representation  1082  is typically used to set up the office configuration to synchronize the engine actual run hour meter. The “Generator Delay” field representation  1084  is typically used to enter the amount of time that the engine delays the start procedure after sensing a commercial AC power failure indication. The “Cooldown Time” field representation  1086  is typically used to enter the amount of time it takes for the generator to cool down after being run. 
     The “Office Configuration” screen representation  1000  also typically includes a number of button representations. The “New Office” button representation  1088  enables the user to create a new office. The “Delete Office” button representation  1090  enables the user to delete the currently selected office. In some embodiments, among others, these functions are limited to supervisors. The “Save Changes” button representation  1092  enables the user to save the changes that he or she has made to the office configuration. The “Cancel Changes” button representation  1094  typically enables the user to clear any changes that he or she has made to the office configuration. The “Set Office Location” button representation  1096  typically enables the user to identify the proper location of the remote facility on the map for that geographical area. The “Configure I/O” button representation  1097  typically enables the user to configure the I/O ports of the equipment selected to be monitored. The configuration of the I/O will be discussed further with reference to  FIG. 11 . The “About” button representation  1098  typically enables the user to view details about the client and how to obtain help with the client. The “Exit” button representation  1099  typically enables the user to exit the configuration window. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 11 , shown is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of an “I/O Configuration” screen representation  1100  for an AC generator (as selected by checkbox representation  1146 ). The “I/O Configuration” screen representation  1100  typically includes a number of row representations. Each of the row representations  1102 - 1130  typically refers to a variable monitored by the generator testing and monitoring application  350 . Each of the column representations  1132 - 1144  after the variable represent different characteristics of the variable monitored. The “Channel” column representation  1132  typically represents the channel assigned to that variable to communicate with the remote device. The “Min Value,” and “Max Value” column representations  1134 ,  1136 , respectively, represent the limits of the gauges, as set by the user, while the “Min Alarm,” and “Max Alarm” column representations  1138 ,  1140 , respectively, represent the limits within which the signal stays without triggering an alarm. The “Visible” checkbox representation  1142  enables the user to make the variable visible or not visible to the user. The “Chan N/C” column representation  1144  typically represents the normal status of a monitored binary point, either a normally closed (N/C) condition or a normally open (N/O) condition. 
     The user can switch to a similar DC plant I/O configuration screen representation upon selecting the “DC signals” checkbox representation  1146 . The DC signals at the DC plant I/O configuration screen will typically be similar to those displayed on the DC plant view screen representation  800  of  FIG. 8 . The I/O configuration screen representation  1100  in some implementations also includes: an “Add AC” button representation  1148 ; an “Add DC” button representation  1150 ; an “Add Fuel” button representation  1152 ; a “Delete AC” button representation  1154 ; and, a “Delete DC” button representation  1156 . One skilled in the art should recognize that each of these button representations is self-explanatory. The user can further select to save the I/O configuration using the “Save” button representation  1158 , or cancel the changes using the “Cancel” button representation  1160 . Upon completing any changes, additions, deletions, etc. the user would select the “Close” button representation  1162  to instruct the client to close the “I/O Configuration” screen representation  1100 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 12 , shown is a sample screen shot of an embodiment, among others, of an “I/O Configuration” screen representation  1200  for a DC plant (as selected by checkbox representation  1246 ). The “I/O Configuration” screen representation  1200  typically includes a number of row representations. Each of the row representations  1202 - 1230  typically refers to a variable monitored by the generator testing and monitoring application  350 . Each of the column representations  1232 - 1244  (after the variable) represent different characteristics of the variable monitored. The “Channel” column representation  1232  typically represents the channel assigned to that variable to communicate with the remote device. The “Min Value,” and “Max Value” column representations  1234 ,  1236 , respectively, represent the limits of the gauges, as set by the user, while the “Min Alarm,” and “Max Alarm” column representations  1238 ,  1240 , respectively, represent the limits within which the signal stays without triggering an alarm. The “Visible” checkbox representation  1242  enables the user to make the variable visible or not visible to the user. The “Chan N/C” column representation  1244  typically represents the normal status of a monitored binary point, either a normally closed (N/C) condition or a normally open (N/O) condition. 
     The user can switch to a similar AC plant I/O configuration screen representation (described above with reference to  FIG. 11 ) upon selecting the “AC signals” checkbox representation  1246 . The AC signals at the AC plant I/O configuration screen will typically be similar to those displayed on the AC plant view screen representation  700  of  FIG. 7 . Similarly to  FIG. 11 , the I/O configuration screen representation  1200  can also include: an “Add AC” button representation  1248 ; an “Add DC” button representation  1250 ; an “Add Fuel” button representation  1252 ; a “Delete AC” button representation  1254 ; and, a “Delete DC” button representation  1256 . The user can further select to save the I/O configuration using the “Save” button representation  1258 , or cancel the changes using the “Cancel” button representation  1260 . Upon completing any changes, additions, deletions, etc. the user would select the “Close” button representation  1262  to instruct the client to close the “I/O Configuration” screen representation  1200 . 
     As mentioned above, the generator testing and monitoring application  350  in some implementations, is a web-based server, for example, among others. The web-based server would typically add new databases and new tables to the configuration of a client-server based application. In an embodiment, among others, of the generator testing and monitoring application  350  a web-based application would include a new web application database. The new web application database typically includes a web server table. Entries into the web server table includes, in some implementations, among others: a “ServerName” variable; a “MapName” variable; a “MapIdAc” variable; a “MapIdDc” variable; and a “DatabaseName” variable. The “ServerName” variable would typically include the names of servers that would appear in the selected area drop-down menu representation. The “MapName” variable would typically include the names of each of the maps available to the user and a path to access the map. The “MapIdAc” variable could typically include an identification of all AC generator maps. Similarly, the “MapIdDc” variable could typically include an identification of a DC plant maps. The “DatabaseName” variable would typically include the name of the database. 
     In an existing “EngineHub” database, the database would typically retain any existing tables such as an “OfficeConfigData” table. The “OfficeConfigData” table entries could typically include, among others: “WebMapLocationX,” “WebMapLocationY,” and “WebMapCrosshairType.” These variables typically track the location of the currently selected office and what kind of “crosshairs” are used to highlight it on the map (based on status, for example, among others). The “EngineHub” database typically includes two new tables such as, for example, among others: a “WebDataLogAc” table; and, a “WebDataLogDc” table. The “WebDataLogAc” table typically includes information about the AC plants being tracked, such as the information shown above with respect to  FIGS. 10 and 11 . The “WebDataLogDc” table typically includes information about the DC plants being tracked, such as the information shown above with respect to  FIGS. 10 and 12 . 
     The application  350  would typically also retain a “TechNames” database, along with a “NetworkNames” table. The “NetworkNames” table typically includes a plurality of passwords related to the equipment (as shown in  FIG. 10 ). 
     The web-based application  350  includes the following pages, among others: a “Login” page representation; a “General Menu” page representation; a “Changes Saved” page representation; a “User Account” page representation; a “Map View” page representation; an “Office View” page representation; a “Verification” page representation; a “Select Report Dates” page representation; a “Report” page representation; an “Office Configure” page representation; an “Office Configure—I/O” page representation; an “Office Configure—Map” page representation; and, a “Tech Name” page representation. 
     The “Login” page representation typically provides a user with a starting point to the system. The application  350  typically sends the login page representation to the user. Upon entering a user identification and password, the user would select a “Login” button representation. The application  350  typically receives the login button command, along with the user identification and password. The application  350  then checks the user identification and password against the “TechNames” database and “Password” entry. If the user identification and password is found in the database, then the application  350  sends the “General Menu” page representation to the user. 
     The “General Menu” page representation is substantially similar to the “Main” screen representation  400  of  FIG. 4 . Upon receiving a proper user identification and password, the application  350  will typically send the user a “General Menu” page representation. At the “General Menu” page representation, the user is able to select any of a plurality of button/pull-down representations. However, the application  350 , will update the server list automatically at a predefined refresh rate. The application  350  typically retrieves this information from the “WebServers” table described above. The application  350  then loops through the list of servers and re-populate a “servers drop-down list” associated with the application. The application  350  also typically automatically updates the central office list associated with each of the COWAN servers. The application does this by connecting to the “EngineHub” database via the “OfficeConfigData” table. Again the application  350  would typically loop through the office list and re-populate an “office drop-down list” associated with the application. Upon the user selecting a new server, the application  350  would typically redirect the map view to a map associated with the new server. Upon sensing that the user has selected the “View” button representation, the application  350  redirects the user to a view of the selected office. Upon sensing that the user has selected the “Config” button representation, the application  350  redirects the user the “Office Configuration” page representation for a selected office. Upon sensing that the user has selected a “Report” button representation, the application  350  redirects the user to a “Report Dates” page representation. Upon sensing that the user has selected the “ASCII Mode” button representation, the application redirects the user to an “ASCII Mode” page representation. Upon sensing that the user has selected a “Users” button representation, the application  350  redirects the user to the “User Account” page representation. 
     The “Changes Saved” page representation typically enables the application  350  to make the requested changes to a database and return a confirmation to the user. The user would typically be redirected according to a link passed through with a “Save” request. 
     The “User Account” page representation is typically sent to the user from the application  350  when the user selects a “Users” button representation from the “General Menu” page representation. The “User Account” page representation typically enables the user to view and/or change a number of setting associated with the user&#39;s account. The application  350  typically retrieves the user&#39;s account information from the TechNames database, and populates the page representation with the information retrieved from the database about the current user. The application  350  typically enables the user to update information by overwriting any of the displayed field representations, and then selecting an “Update” button representation. Upon receiving an update request, the application  350  typically connects to the “TechNames” database and sends the updated information to the database entry associated with the user. The application  350  also enables the user to discard any changes made to the fields displayed by selecting a “Cancel” button representation. 
     The “Map View” page representation typically enables a user to view a map associated with a selected area. More particularly, in some embodiments, among others, the “Map View” page representation is a frame inside the “General Menu” page representation. The application  350  typically sends the “Map View” page representation to the user upon request. The application  350  then connects to the “EngineHub” database, and opens the “OfficeConfigData” table. The application then retrieves the “WebMapLocationX” and “WebMapLocationY” variables from the database responsive to the office selected, and inserts crosshairs onto the location of the selected central office. 
     The “Office View” page representation is substantially similar to the view screen representations of  FIGS. 6-8 . Responsive to whether an AC or DC selection is made, the application connects to the “EngineHub” database, opens the “WebDataLogAc” or “WebDataLogDc” entries, and reads each of the entries in that table. The application  350  typically enables (or disables) all of the button representations similarly to the button representations of  FIG. 6-8 . The application  350  also typically updates the central office information based upon updates from the server. The application  350  also provides an AC or DC view button representation operable to instruct the application  350  to toggle between the AC and DC views. 
     The “Verification” page representation verifies whether a user wishes to perform a particular action. The use of the verification page representation is typically limited to those instances in which the user has requested that the application begin or stop the generator or change information stored at the database. Each of these operations, in some embodiments, among others, present a verification page such that the user does not mistakenly perform an action. 
     The “Select Report Dates” page representation typically enables the user to specify dates for which he or she would like to see a report regarding central office generator(s)/plant(s). The application  350  typically sends the “Select Report Dates” page representation to the user. The user then typically enters a begin date and an end date, and select a “Submit” button representation. Upon receiving the “Submit” button representation selection, the application  350  loads a “Report” page representation. The “Report” page representation typically includes a report regarding the dates selected by the user. The application  350  performs this action by reading a “DataLog” table and populates a grid using information retrieved from the “CentralOfficeConfig” table. The “Select Report Dates” page representation also includes a hyperlink back to a “Map View” page representation and a “Re-select Dates” hyperlink back to the “Select Report Dates” page. 
     The “Office Configure” page representation is substantially similar to the screen representation of  FIG. 10 . Typically the application  350  opens the “OfficeDataConfig” table and populates the page using the data retrieved for the selected central office location. The application  350  also typically provides an “Accept” button which is operable to instruct the application to save the changes made, and an “Office” drop-down list that is operable to change the central office being viewed by the user. As mentioned before, the office configuration page representations in one embodiment, among others, is protected such that only administrators could access these pages. 
     The “Office Configure—I/O” page representation is substantially similar to the screen representation of  FIGS. 12 and 13  (depending on the AC/DC selection). The application  350  typically reads the “OfficeDataConfig” table to populate the “Office Configure—I/O” page representation. The “Add AC,” “Add DC,” “Delete AC,” “Delete DC” button representations are typically enables disabled according to the presence of AC and DC plants at the currently selected IP address. Upon selection of any of these button representations, the application  350  typically performs the action selected at the database. Moreover, the application  350  also provides a “View AC” and “View DC” button representation to toggle between the AC and DC I/O configurations. 
     The “Office Configure—Map” page representation allows the user to configure map data related to a central office. The application  350  typically retrieves the coordinates for the selected office from the “OfficeConfigData” table. The application  350  would then retrieve a map for the selected office an place crosshairs on the map according to the retrieved coordinates. The application  350  also enables the user to move the central office on the map using arrow button representations, or place the central office directly at specified coordinates. An “Accept” button representation would typically instruct the application  350  to save the new coordinates to the “OfficeDataConfig” table, while the “Cancel” button representation would typically cancel any changes made by the user. 
     The “Tech Name” page representation allows administrators to change information related to users who are authorized to use the system. The application  350  would typically retrieve the data related to users from the “TechNames” database and populate a grid using the data retrieved. The administrator then chooses to “Add,” “Edit,” or “Delete” a user in the “TechNames” database. 
     One skilled in the art should understand that page representations may be added or removed from the present disclosure without affecting the flow of the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be noted, that each of these alternative embodiments is intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     Process and function descriptions and blocks in flow charts can be understood as representing, in some embodiments, modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present disclosure in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present disclosure. In addition, such functional elements can be implemented as logic embodied in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, among others. In some embodiments involving software implementations, such software comprises an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a computer-readable medium can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the software for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. 
     It should also be emphasized that the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure are merely possible examples of implementations set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the disclosure. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiment(s) of the disclosure without departing substantially from the principles of the disclosure. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present disclosure and protected by the following claims.