Patent Publication Number: US-11641863-B2

Title: Method for processing products of the food processing industry

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/394,208, filed Dec. 29, 2016 (now U.S. patent Ser. No. 10/721,947), which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/368,941, filed Jul. 29, 2016, both of which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     SUMMARY 
     This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
     The invention relates to an apparatus, designed and configured to acquire and analyse product-specific data for products of the food processing industry, comprising a conveyor, which is gap-free in the transport plane, for transporting separated products in transport direction T from an intake end to a discharge end, an X-ray unit having at least one X-ray source and at least one X-ray camera or detector for acquiring product-specific data, wherein X-ray source and X-ray camera are assigned to the conveyor in such a manner that the products can be guided along between the X-ray source and the X-ray camera, as well as a control unit which is connected to the X-ray unit and is designed and configured to receive and analyse the product-specific data, forming a first data set, acquired by said X-ray unit. 
     The invention further relates to a system, designed and configured to process products of the food processing industry, comprising an apparatus, designed and configured to acquire and analyse product-specific data of the products, as well as a processing station, arranged downstream of the apparatus in transport direction T of the products, which comprises a conveyor for transporting said products in transport direction T from an intake end to a discharge end, at least one optical camera, by means of which the product-specific data of the products transported on the conveyor of the processing station can be acquired, wherein the optical camera is connected to a control unit, which is designed and configured to receive and analyse the product-specific data acquired by the optical camera, as well as a cutting unit which is designed and configured to cut and remove undesirable regions of the products and/or to portion the products, wherein said cutting unit is connected to a control unit for controlling the cutting unit based on the previously acquired product-specific data. 
     The invention is further aimed at a method for processing products of the food processing industry, comprising the steps: transporting the products using a first conveyor from an intake end to a discharge end in transport direction T, acquiring product-specific data relating to each product on the first conveyor by means of an X-ray unit, wherein the acquired data, forming a first data set, is received by a control unit and is analysed by it in order to define cutting paths for cutting out undesirable regions and/or for portioning, passing the products from the first conveyor to a downstream conveyor by means of which the products are transported in transport direction T from an intake end to a discharge end, acquiring product-specific data relating to each product on the downstream conveyor by means of an optical camera, wherein the acquired data, forming a fourth data set, is received by a control unit and is analysed by it in order to identify each product, matching and analysing the received and analysed data sets by means of a control unit in order to calculate the relative product positions of each product on the two conveyors, and cutting the products along the cutting paths previously determined and assigned to the relevant product by means of a cutting unit, wherein the cutting unit is controlled by a control unit. 
     Such apparatuses are used particularly in the food processing industry. For many products, it is important for further processing in a downstream station, e.g. sorting, packaging and particularly cutting to remove undesirable regions and/or portioning, to acquire product-specific data. Acquiring product-specific data and information can include, inter alia, acquiring the outer contour, the topography, the external dimensions in length and width, the weight and the thickness, as well as acquiring defects, e.g. in the form of blood spots, bones, bone remnants, bony areas and their position within the product, in addition to tissue structure, etc. Acquiring can be accomplished by detecting, determining, scanning, recording and the like. In previously known apparatuses of the generic type, which are set up exclusively for acquiring product-specific data, an X-ray unit is used for acquiring the product-specific data. The X-ray unit delivers a first data set to the control unit, e.g. an image processing computer (also referred to as CPU). From this data set—in the example case of processing the products by cutting—the control unit is used e.g. to generate cutting paths for the relevant product, e.g. for a bony region to be cut. In addition, the data set determined by the X-ray unit and forwarded to the control unit, can be used e.g. to define the outer contour of the product to be processed. A data set, e.g. for forwarding to a downstream station, is then generated from the outer contour and the cutting paths. In other words, the control unit provides an X-ray image, for example, as a message bearing the information as to the outer contour of the product and where the cutting paths are located. 
     Use of the X-ray unit requires a conveyor which is as smooth, untextured and gap-free, X-ray transmissive, as possible in order to achieve optimum image quality. In particular, the conveyor is designed to be closed and gap-free in the transport plane. This means that, particularly in the transport plane of the conveyor transverse to transport direction T, a gap which, in product processing apparatuses that are foreign to the classification in question, is configured to hold a cutting means, e.g. a blade and in particular a cutting water jet, is dispensed with to ensure continuous and full-surface support of the products on the conveyor of the apparatus for acquiring and analysing the product-specific data during transport from the intake end to the discharge end. In particular, analysing also includes calculating, converting, etc. 
     Further processing and particularly matching of the X-ray image provided by the apparatus as a data set with other optical systems, e.g. an optical camera of a downstream processing station, is complex and imprecise due to the different imaging methods. Another problem of known apparatuses is that the detection of more than hard tissue, e.g. bones, bone residues, sinews, etc. of undesirable regions, e.g. blood spots, streaks of fat, parasites, in the products and the detection of outlines, contours and similar can only be achieved imprecisely by the X-ray unit or not at all. In other words, there is a limited area of use for existing apparatuses with an X-ray unit and for the data content of the X-ray image. 
     This problem is particularly applicable to systems and methods of the food processing industry in which such apparatuses of the type mentioned are used. In the products to be processed, for example poultry fillets or in particular fish fillets, with such systems and methods of the type referred to hereinbefore, individual regions, such as internal bones, fish bones, bony areas or the like, are cut out of the products. Furthermore, other defects, such as blood spots, streaks of fat or the like can also be removed. In addition to cutting undesirable regions off or out of the product, processing of the products also includes portioning them. To detect defects, in particular solid tissue components such as bones and the like, an X-ray unit is provided which is used to identify these defects within the products. For operating the X-ray unit, it is necessary—as mentioned previously—to provide a conveyor which uses a conveyor belt that is as smooth and untextured as possible in order to achieve optimum image quality. For processing the products, in particular cutting by means of a water jet unit, a textured metal mesh belt, which withstands the stresses due to the water jet unit, is useful as the conveyor but is unsuitable for the X-ray unit. Due to the divergent requirements for the conveyors, the known and generic systems have at least two conveyors adjusted to said individual requirements, namely a first conveyor for the apparatus and another for the processing station. This means that the known systems include at least one transfer of the products from a first conveyor to a downstream conveyor. This transfer may result in changes, displacements, twisting, etc. in the orientation/position of the products on the conveyor and, in particular, also to compression and stretching of the products. In spite of this problem, it must be ensured that, after transfer to the conveyor of the processing station, the products are identified and matched in respect of their relative positions on the conveyors so that processing of the products, in particular cutting of the products, can be carried out individually and correctly. In other words, the cutting paths which are determined in relation to a product on the first conveyor are adjusted if necessary for the same product on the second conveyor, or the cutting unit must be adjusted if necessary to the changed position/orientation of the products and therefore the cutting paths must also be adjusted. 
     On the one hand, with the known systems and methods, tracking of the products is necessary during transport on the conveyors so that the products can be identified or so that the data sets received by the control unit can be assigned. On the other hand, the data sets generated by the X-ray unit must be subjected to matching with the data sets generated by the optical camera of the processing station. For the known systems and methods, for example, the X-ray camera or detector of the X-ray unit transmits its image data to the control unit in image strips. During the X-ray process, every product is conveyed on the conveyor between the X-ray source and the X-ray camera. In the control unit, the image strips received are examined for products. When a product or product piece is present in the image strips, a complete X-ray image of the whole product is generated by putting the image strips together. The product region of the assembled X-ray image is examined for bones or other hard tissue. In a memory of the control unit, data structures are assembled using coordinates of lines which represent the supposed bones. Based on the line data, a bone zone is estimated and from this a cutting path is calculated. This cutting path, also assembled from line segments, is stored that is in coordinates relative to the X-ray image and relative to the position on the conveyor. In the same X-ray image, the control unit is additionally used to determine the outer contour of the product and this is also stored in the form of line segments. A message, that is a first data set, is generated as a transfer image from the outer contour and the or each cutting path. This first data set is forwarded to the control unit of the downstream processing station which can also be the control unit of the system. 
     After transfer of the product from the first conveyor to the downstream conveyor of the processing station, product-specific data is acquired by means of an optical camera. The acquired data forms a fourth data set. As soon as the processing station has identified and recorded a product, all first data sets previously received and not yet processed are searched by means of the control unit. The first data set with the best match is selected. The fourth data set and the first data set are matched and analysed to identify the products and to calculate the relative product positions of each product on the two conveyors. Numbering of the data sets has no logical or substantive significance but serves the sole purpose of identifying the data sets with respect to their origin. 
     The known systems and methods have the disadvantage that identification as well as matching and evaluation of the data sets takes place based on different imaging processes, namely the X-ray image (first data set) of the apparatus on the one hand and an optical image (fourth data set) of the processing station on the other hand. In other words, matching takes place by comparing an optical image of the optical camera of the processing station with an X-ray image of the X-ray camera of the apparatus. On the one hand, this matching process is very complex due to the different imaging processes. On the other hand, the necessary precision is lacking during this matching. In other words, the desired and necessary accuracy is missing in the known matching. A further disadvantage is that the X-ray unit cannot identify all the undesirable regions that are to be cut or can only identify them inadequately. In other words, it is difficult for the X-ray unit to identify defects beyond bones, bony areas and other hard tissue. Another disadvantage is that the products have to be tracked during transport through the system which is costly on the one hand and leads to imprecise results on the other hand. 
     Thus, the object of the invention is to create a simple apparatus by means of which a data set with a higher and more precise data content can be generated. The object further consists of creating an improved system for processing products which enables easier and more precise identification as well as matching and evaluation of the received data sets. The object is also to propose a corresponding method. 
     This object is addressed by an apparatus having the features referred to hereinbefore in that at least one optical camera is assigned to the same conveyor between its intake end and discharge end, by means of which, in addition to the X-ray unit, product-specific data of the products transported on the conveyor can be acquired, wherein the optical camera is connected to a control unit which is designed and configured to receive and analyse the product-specific data, forming a second data set, acquired by the optical camera. Due to this embodiment according to the invention, the apparatus is able to provide more precise and above all more meaningful data for potential further processing. As a result of the X-ray unit on the one hand and at least one optical camera on the other hand, it is possible to generate more and above all also more accurate data which can be processed in the form of individual, separate data sets or in the form of a data set made up of individual data sets linked together. With the apparatus according to the invention, more exact and more precise image registration becomes possible, which in particular also better represents unevenly distributed compressions/extensions within the products. 
     At least one optical camera is arranged above the conveyor. This means, for example, that light beams illuminating the product hit the conveyor from above at an angle or hit the product lying on the conveyor such that the camera can pick up the reflected light beams. Simply put, the term “above” means that the camera and optionally the at least one light source are directed obliquely or vertically onto the product from above. An arrangement in which the optical camera is arranged vertically above the conveyor such that, by means of the optical camera, a plan view onto the product is ensured, is particularly advantageous. Of course, an arrangement below the conveyor is also possible. 
     A development of the apparatus is characterised in that at least two optical cameras, which are equipped with a different imaging process, are assigned to the conveyor. The particularly advantageous aspect of this embodiment is that, for example, a simple optical camera, for example a greyscale camera, can be used to acquire a complete image (photo) of the product for image registration, e.g. the outer contour (as product-specific data) as well as a special camera, for example a multispectral camera, to acquire undesirable regions (as product-specific data), such as blood spots, streaks of fat or the like. 
     Advantageously, at least one optical camera is accordingly a multispectral or hyperspectral camera. The use of such a camera makes it possible, in addition to the product-specific data that is detectable by the X-ray unit, to acquire further undesirable regions which the X-ray unit in particular can only detect inadequately or not at all in order to optimise the quality of the product-specific data to be acquired. 
     Accordingly, at least one optical camera is configured as a greyscale camera and/or RGB camera and/or IR and/or UV camera. This embodiment substantially improves the bandwidth of the product-specific data to be acquired and simplifies potential matching with optical images of optical cameras in downstream stations. 
     The conveyor may be a rotationally driven X-ray conveyor belt made of plastic and low-textured on the transport surface, having a feed belt as the upper run and a return belt as the lower run. The products rest on the transport surface. On the one hand, this transport surface is so smooth, that is to say configured in particular without breaches, openings or the like, that X-ray images can be taken without any interference. On the other hand, the transport surface exhibits slight surface roughness in the millimetre range to prevent the products from slipping/shifting on the conveyor. Accordingly, the transport surface is configured to be low-textured. As already mentioned above, the conveyor has a gap-free transport surface in the transport plane. This means that the products on the transport surface are supported over their entire surface at all times and in all places. In other words, the conveyor with its transport surface of the feed belt forms a continuous support surface for the products. An optimised X-ray image can be ensured as a result. 
     An exemplary development is characterised in that the conveyor is connected to a control unit which is designed and configured to receive and analyse movement data of said conveyor. Connection of the conveyor to the control unit simplifies assignment of the individual products. In other words, the claimed solution enables improved and more precise assignment of the product-specific data acquired by the X-ray unit and each optical camera to a product. As the X-ray camera and the optical camera are located above the same conveyor and are accordingly very close together, the image data, that is the data sets, can be laid on top of each other without any matching, based directly on the time difference which is dependent on the speed of the conveyor. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the X-ray source is arranged above the feed belt and the X-ray camera is arranged between the feed belt and the return belt. With this it is possible to acquire a particularly clear and meaningful X-ray image which improves the identification or acquisition of product-specific data, for example the orientation and position of bones, bony areas and the like within the product. 
     An exemplary development of the invention is characterised in that the X-ray unit and each optical camera as well as the conveyor are connected to a control unit for receiving and analysing the data sets, wherein the control unit is equipped with at least one processor which is configured to integrate/implement at least portions of the product-specific data of a product acquired by the X-ray unit in the optical image of the optical camera relating to the same product for creating an optical transfer image, forming a third data set. The images or image data generated by the X-ray unit and each optical camera are received by the control unit as data sets and analysed. Particularly advantageously, the first data set (result of the X-ray unit) is integrated/implemented in the second data set (result of the optical camera) such that a third data set is formed. This third data set is an optical transfer image. The orientation/position/extension of bones, bony areas and other hard tissue portions (as product-specific data acquired by the X-ray unit=first data set) is laid over the optical image (=second data set) which, for example, maps the whole product or the outer contour thereof, such that as a result an optical image (=third data set) is created, namely the transfer image. This optical image as the third data set accordingly supplies data about the shape/form of the product, e.g. about the outer contour and about defects, e.g. bony areas, etc. that should be removed. This embodiment makes possible further processing of the product-specific data easier and simpler. Due to the fact that the X-ray unit and the one or more optical camera(s) of the apparatus are assigned to a single conveyor, it is possible to dispense with matching of the images, that is to say the X-ray images and the images from optical cameras. In other words, assignment of the product-specific data to a product is ensured simply and precisely, particularly if the position of the individual products is determinable based on the movement data of the conveyor. The additional optical camera can optionally also supply data about defects which can be acquired and analysed by the control unit. 
     The development may be characterised in that the control unit with the processor is configured to define cutting paths from the product-specific data acquired by the optical camera and from the product-specific data acquired by the X-ray unit, wherein the cutting paths are defined from the product-specific data of a product acquired by the X- 
     ray unit directly via the optical image of the optical camera relating to the same product, in such a manner that the control unit provides an optical image of an optical camera, namely the transfer image, for further processing. In the event that only a single optical camera is provided in addition to the X-ray unit, by means of the control unit said X-ray unit can provide, for example, only cutting paths while by means of the control unit the optical camera can provide the whole product or the outer contour and if necessary additional cutting paths which supplement the quality of the cutting paths from the X-ray image. These data (cutting paths and product photos and/or outer contour) can then be combined with each other to create a common third data set, namely based on an optical image. In the event that two optical cameras are provided in addition to the X-ray unit, by means of the control unit said X-ray unit can provide, for example, only cutting paths while by means of the control unit the second optical camera provides a product photo and/or the outer contour, and by means of the control unit the second optical camera provides cutting paths. 
     The apparatus according to the invention can be used as a stand-alone solution. Also, the apparatus may be coupled to a downstream processing station. This means that the knowledge, data, information, etc, obtained from the apparatus described above can be used for further processing in the processing station. This further processing can include sorting, packaging and particularly cutting for the purpose of removing undesirable regions and/or portioning. 
     The object is accordingly also achieved by a system having the features referred to hereinbefore in that the apparatus, designed and configured to acquire and analyse product-specific data of the products, is configured according to the claims set forth herein. The advantages arising from this have already been described in connection with the apparatus, which is why reference will be made to the relevant passages to avoid repetitions. The fact that optical images from optical cameras can be laid on top of each other for identifying the products is particularly advantageous. In other words, matching is carried out between optical images using the same or at least similar imaging processes so that the quality of the matching process is simplified and improved. 
     A further aspect of the present disclosure is characterised in that all control units of said system are in operative connection with each other and at least one control unit comprises a processor which is configured to lay optical images of the optical cameras of the apparatus on the one hand and of the processing station on the other hand on top of each other in such a manner that identifying the products and matching the relative positions of each product on the two conveyors of the apparatus on the one hand and of the processing station on the other hand takes place based exclusively on optical images of optical cameras. 
     In a further aspect of the present disclosure, the apparatus and the processing station are connected to a control unit which comprises a processor that is configured to lay an optical transfer image which is formed from an optical image of an optical camera of the apparatus, enriched by product-specific data acquired by the X-ray unit of said apparatus, and an optical image of the optical camera of the processing station on top of each other in such a manner that the cutting unit can be controlled by the control unit for each product based on individually determined cutting paths. In other words, the third data set and the fourth data set are used for matching. 
     The cutting unit may comprise a water jet unit having at least one nozzle. This embodiment can be used to carry out particularly fast and precise individual separating and trimming cuts for removing undesirable regions and/or for portioning. 
     Also, at least one optical camera each in the apparatus on the one hand and in the processing station on the other hand i may be equipped with the same imaging process. This further simplifies matching. 
     Advantageously, at least one control unit comprises at least one memory, at least one input device and at least one output device. 
     The object is also achieved by a method having the process steps referred to hereinbefore, in that on the first conveyor, in addition to the product-specific data acquired by the X-ray unit, product-specific data relating to each product is acquired by means of an optical camera, wherein the data acquired by the optical camera assigned to the first conveyor, which form a second data set, is received and analysed by a control unit, and in that identifying the products and matching and analysing the data sets takes place based on the two data sets generated by the optical cameras, namely the second data set and the fourth data set. The advantages arising from this have already been described in connection with the system, which is why reference will be made to the relevant passages to avoid repetitions. 
     The method is further characterised in that the first data set, which contains cutting paths generated by the X-ray unit, is integrated/implemented in the second data set, namely in the optical image generated by the optical camera assigned to the first conveyor such that an optical transfer image is forwarded to the control unit as a third data set for matching and analysing, wherein identification of the products and matching and analysing of the data sets takes place based on the third and the fourth data set. 
     The positions of the undesirable regions generated by the X-ray unit are integrated/implemented as vector data, pixel data or the like in the optical image of the optical camera assigned to the first conveyor, and matching and analysing is performed based on the optical image of the optical camera assigned to the first conveyor and the optical image of the optical camera assigned to the second conveyor. Optionally, the undesirable regions generated by a further optical camera of the apparatus can also be integrated/implemented as vector data, pixel data or the like in the optical image which is used for matching. 
     Advantageously, for identifying the products, every optical image taken with the optical camera assigned to the downstream conveyor is compared to the optical images of the optical camera assigned to the first conveyor, which are stored in a memory of a control unit, and the image with the closest matches is selected. 
     The method is carried out using a system according to the claims set forth herein. 
     Further expedient and/or advantageous features and developments as well as process steps emerge from the dependent claims and the description. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG.  1    a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention with an X-ray unit and an optical camera, 
         FIG.  2    a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention with an X-ray unit and two optical cameras, 
         FIG.  3    a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the system according to the invention, 
         FIG.  4    a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the system according to the invention, and 
         FIG.  5    a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the system according to the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The apparatus illustrated in the drawing is configured to acquire and analyse product-specific data of fish fillets. Accordingly, the system illustrated is configured to process, namely, to cut fish fillets. However, in the same manner, the apparatus and the system are configured to acquire and analyse product-specific data and to process other products of the food processing industry, such as meat, poultry. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates an apparatus  10  designed and configured to acquire and analyse product-specific data and comprising a conveyor  11 , which is gap-free in the transport plane, for transporting separated products  12  in transport direction T from an intake end E to a discharge end A, an X-ray unit  13  having at least one X-ray source  14  and at least one X-ray camera or detector  15  for the acquiring of product-specific data, wherein X-ray source  14  and X-ray camera  15  are assigned to the conveyor  11  in such a manner that the products  12  can be guided along between the X-ray source  14  and the X-ray camera  15 . The apparatus  10  also comprises a control unit  16  which is connected to the X-ray unit  13  and is designed and configured to receive and analyse the product-specific data, forming a first data set, acquired by said X-ray unit  13 . Thus, the X-ray unit  13  supplies information/data to the control unit  16 . 
     By means of the control unit  16 , the product-specific data or portions thereof, such as orientation/position of bones, bony areas acquired by the X-ray unit  13  are analysed and provided as a data set. The connection between the X-ray unit  13  and the control unit  16  can be implemented in different ways, namely e.g. wired/cabled or wireless, e.g. via radio or Bluetooth interfaces or the like. 
     This apparatus  10  is characterised according to the invention in that at least one optical camera  17  is assigned to the same conveyor  11  between its intake end E and discharge end A, by means of which, in addition to the X-ray unit  13 , product-specific data of the products  12  transported on the conveyor  11  can be acquired, wherein the optical camera  17  is connected to a control unit  18  which is designed and configured to receive and analyse the product-specific data, forming a second data set, acquired by the optical camera  17 . 
     By means of the control unit  18 , the product-specific data acquired by the optical camera  17 , e.g., size and shape of the product, its outer contour, length, width, thickness, profile, weight, among others, but also defects, e.g. blood spots, streaks of fat, among others, or portions thereof are analysed and provided as a second data set. The connection between the optical camera  17  and the control unit  18  can be implemented in different ways, namely e.g. wired/cabled or wireless, e.g. via radio or Bluetooth interfaces or the like. 
     When taken on their own or in combination with each other, the features and developments as well as the process steps described below illustrate exemplary embodiments. It is expressly pointed out that features and process steps which are summarised in the claims and/or the description and/or the drawing or are described in a common embodiment can also further develop the apparatus described above as well as the system and method described below in a functionally independent manner. 
     The optical camera  17  can be arranged in transport direction T of the products  12  upstream of the X-ray unit  13  or, as illustrated in  FIG.  1   , downstream of the X-ray unit  13 . The X-ray unit  13  and the optical camera  17  can each be connected to a separate control unit  16 ,  18 . In other embodiments, e.g. according to  FIG.  2   , the X-ray unit  13  and the optical camera  17  can also be connected to a common control unit  19 . 
     The position of the X-ray unit  13  and/or optical camera  17  can vary in relation to the conveyor  11 . In addition to an arrangement of the X-ray unit  13  and/or optical camera  17  below the conveyor  11 , an arrangement above the conveyor  11  is perhaps more common.  FIG.  1    illustrates such an embodiment by way of example, in which not only the X-ray unit  13  is arranged above the conveyor  11  but also the optical camera  17 . Above in this context means that the X-ray source  14  and the light source of the optical camera  17  hit the product  12  from above. This can take place at an oblique angle, including vertically from above in order to obtain a plan view onto the product  12 . 
     In a disclosed embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG.  2   , at least two optical cameras  17 ,  20  are assigned to the conveyor  11 . The two optical cameras  17 ,  20  can be equipped with the same imaging process. However, the two optical cameras  17 ,  20  can be equipped with a different imaging process. Optical cameras within the meaning of the invention can be greyscale cameras/sensors, RGB cameras/sensors and infra-red or ultraviolet cameras/sensors. Each optical camera can, for example, be configured as an area scan or line scan camera. With the greyscale cameras or sensors, photoactive components, e.g. photodiode, phototransistor, convert electromagnetic waves in the visible range into electrical signals on a sensor. With the RGB cameras or sensors, the light is divided into a red/green/blue channel depending on location by prefiltering the incoming light waves in front of the pixels. In the infra-red or ultraviolet cameras or sensors, due to selection of the photoactive elements, sensitivity is shifted into the range of the longer wave lengths (IR) or shorter wave lengths (UV) compared to visible light. 
     At least one of the optical cameras  17 ,  20  is a multispectral or hyperspectral camera. At least one of the optical cameras  17 ,  20  is configured as a greyscale and/or RGB camera and/or IR and/or UV camera. In the embodiment according to  FIG.  2   , one of the optical cameras, for example the optical camera  17 , is a simple camera, namely a greyscale camera. By means of this optical camera  17 , for example, the outer contour can be acquired as product-specific data and forwarded to the control unit  19 . The other optical camera  20  can be a complex camera, namely a hyperspectral camera. By means of the optical camera  20 , undesirable regions, e.g. defects in the form of blood spots, bone (residues), cartilage, fat, but also foreign particles, e.g. glass, plastic, etc. can be acquired and forwarded to the control unit  19  as product-specific data. The number of cameras/sensors and their positioning along the conveyor  11  can vary. 
     The conveyor  11  of the apparatus  10  comprises a frame  21  for supporting a feed belt. The feed belt is a rotationally driven X-ray conveyor belt  22  made of plastic and low-textured on the transport surface T F , having a feed belt  23  as the upper run and a return belt  24  as the lower run. The X-ray conveyor belt  22  with its upwardly facing transport surface T F  is free of openings, breaches, gaps or the like. In other words, the transport surface T F  is configured as closed over the entire length and width. The endlessly configured X-ray conveyor belt  22  which consists of rubber, plastic or another synthetic material and is radiolucent, is guided around at least two deflection elements  25 ,  26  of which one deflection element  25  or  26  is configured as a drive roller and the other deflection element  26  or  25  as a deflection roller. Particularly in the region of the drive roller, which can be driven by a drive means, an encoder  27  can optionally be provided, by means of which the position of the X-ray conveyor belt  22  can be determined or monitored along the length of the conveyor  11  and therefore the position of the product  12  can be determined or monitored on said conveyor  11 . The transport surface T F  of the X-ray conveyor belt  22  directed towards the products  12  is configured to be low-textured. This means that the closed transport surface T F  is slightly roughened. However, completely smooth transport surfaces can also be used. 
     In the embodiments illustrated in the drawing, the X-ray source  14  is arranged above the conveyor  11  and above the feed belt  23 . The X-ray camera  15  is arranged between the feed belt  23  and the return belt  24 . Optionally, the X-ray camera  15  can also be arranged below the return belt  24 . Other configurations of X-ray source  14  and X-ray camera  15  in relation to the feed belt  23  or return belt  24  are also possible. 
     Optionally, the conveyor  11  is connected to a control unit  19  which is designed and configured to receive and analyse movement data of said conveyor  11 . In the embodiment according to  FIG.  2   , the conveyor  11  or the encoder  27  is connected to the common control unit  19  to which the X-ray unit  13  and the optical cameras  17 ,  20  are also connected. Connection to a separate control unit, however, which is in operative connection with the other control units  16 ,  18 , is also possible. 
     One or each control unit  16 ,  18 ,  19  comprises at least one processor (CPU)  28 . The X-ray unit  13  and each optical camera  17 ,  20  as well as the conveyor  11  are connected to a common or superordinate control unit  19  for receiving and analysing the data sets, wherein the control unit  19  is equipped with at least one processor (CPU)  28  which is configured to integrate/implement at least portions of the product-specific data of a product acquired by the X-ray unit  13  in the optical image of the optical camera  17 ,  20  relating to the same product for creating an optical transfer image, forming a third data set. This embodiment is illustrated in  FIG.  2   . In other embodiments, only the X-ray unit  13  and/or individual optical cameras  17 ,  20  and/or the conveyor  11  can be connected to the common control unit  19 . The control unit  19  and, if necessary, also each other control unit  16 ,  18  optionally comprises, in addition to the at least one processor  28 , a memory, an input device, an output device and an interface. In addition, it is possible to connect the apparatus  10  via the control unit  19  to a network that can be networked internally (intranet) or externally (Internet). The X-ray unit  13 , the optical cameras  17 ,  20  and the conveyor  11  can also be connected to separate control units  16 ,  18  which in turn cooperate with a superordinate control unit. 
     All control units  16 ,  18 ,  19  and in particular control unit  19 , that is to say an industrial controller, a computer or the like, include as mentioned at least one processor  28  (CPU) which is designed and configured to acquire the data sets from the X-ray unit  13  and each optical camera  17 ,  20 . Selected product-specific data which has been acquired by the X-ray unit  13 , for example the orientation of a row of pin bones in a fish fillet (e.g. first data set), is implemented/integrated by means of the processor  28  in the optical image of the optical camera  17 ,  20  which maps the outer contour of the product  12  (e.g. second data set). In other words, the usable product-specific data from the X-ray unit  13  is laid over the optical image of the optical camera  17 ,  20 . The resulting transfer image (e.g. third data set) is ultimately a data packet with all the data necessary for subsequent processing and obtained from the X-ray unit  13  and each optical camera  17 ,  20 , the transfer image being an optical image. 
     The control unit  19  with the processor  28  is configured to define cutting paths from the product-specific data acquired by the optical camera  17 ,  20  and from the product-specific data acquired by the X-ray unit  13 , wherein the cutting paths are defined from the product-specific data of a product  12  acquired by the X-ray unit  13  directly via the optical image of the optical camera  17 ,  20  relating to the same product  12  in such a manner that the control unit  19  provides an optical image of an optical camera  17 ,  20 , namely the transfer image, for further processing. Separate data sets for further processing can also be provided, said data sets being processable by a control unit of a downstream processing station. 
     Two possible embodiments based on  FIGS.  1  and  2    are explained in greater detail purely by way of example. With the apparatus  10  according to  FIG.  1   , for example, the outer contour of the product  12  can be created or mapped by means of the optical camera  17  and the connected control unit  18  (e.g. second data set), while cutting paths for the regions to be removed from the product  12  can be created by means of the X-ray unit  13  and the connected control unit  16  (e.g. first data set). By overlaying the first data set on the second data set, that is without any matching, the third data set is created or mapped as an optical image. The overlaying can take place, for example, based solely on the time difference determined between generation of the X-ray image and the optical image, that is as a function of the transport speed of the conveyor  11 . 
     With the apparatus  10  according to  FIG.  2   , for example, the outer contour of the product  12  can be create or mapped by means of the optical camera  17 , for example a greyscale camera, and the connected control unit  19 . By means of the optical camera  20 , for example a hyperspectral camera, and the connected control unit  19 , cutting paths can be created or mapped for defects that are not reliably and precisely identified by either the simple optical camera  17  or the X-ray unit  13 , namely, blood spots, colour changes, cuts and the like, and which are to be removed from the product  12 . From these data sets, the control unit  19  forms a transfer image as the third data set. The transfer image can be created based on the optical image of the greyscale camera and/or based on the optical image of the hyperspectral camera which, in addition to the cutting paths, can also, among other things, create or map the outer contour of the product  12 . The transfer image, optionally enriched by the data set provided by the X-ray unit, can then be usable for potential matching with optical images of downstream optical cameras. However, the data set provided by the X-ray unit can also be provided, separately and independently of the data set provided by the one or more camera(s), for further processing. 
     As already mentioned, the apparatus  10  can be used as a separate and mobile apparatus for acquiring and analysing product-specific data. The apparatus  10  may also be part of a system  29  for processing products  12  of the food processing industry, see  FIG.  3   . Processing of products  12  includes, in addition to sorting and packaging, in particular also cutting, wherein cutting comprises the removal of undesirable regions of a product  12  on the one hand and/or dividing/portioning of products  12  on the other hand. 
     The system  29  comprises an apparatus  10 , designed and configured to acquire and analyse product-specific data of the products  12 , as well as a processing station  30 , arranged downstream of the apparatus  10  in transport direction T of the products  12 , which comprises a conveyor  31  for transporting said products  12  in transport direction T from an intake end E to a discharge end A, at least one optical camera  32 , by means of which the product-specific data of the products  12  transported on the conveyor  31  of the processing station  30  can be acquired, as well as a cutting unit  33 . The optical camera  32  is connected to a control unit  34  which is designed and configured to receive and analyse the product-specific data acquired by the optical camera  32 . The cutting unit  33  is designed and configured to cut and remove undesirable regions of the products  12  and/or to portion the products  12 , wherein the cutting unit  33  is connected to a control unit  34  for controlling the cutting unit  33  based on previously acquired and analysed product-specific data. 
     This system  29  is characterised according to the invention in that the apparatus  10 , designed and configured to acquire and analyse product-specific data of the products  12 , is configured in a manner or one of the embodiments is configured in a manner such as that previously described. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a first embodiment of the system  29 . The apparatus  10  comprises, in addition to the conveyor  11 , an X-ray unit  13  and an optical camera  17 . The X-ray unit  13  and the optical camera  17  are connected in the embodiment to the control unit  34 . Optionally, the conveyor  11  can also be connected to the control unit  34  (see e.g.  FIG.  4   ). All cable/signal connections in the system  29  can be implemented in different ways, namely e.g. wired/cabled or wireless, e.g. via radio or Bluetooth interfaces of the like. The processing station  30  comprises, in addition to the conveyor  31 , an optical camera  32  and the cutting unit  33 . Optionally, the processing station  30  also comprises a removal station  35  for removing the products  12  or parts thereof from the conveyor  31 . Optical camera  32 , cutting unit  33  and removal station  35  are connected in the embodiment to the control unit  34 . Optionally, the conveyor  31  can also be connected to the control unit  34  (see e.g.  FIG.  4   ). All components can also be connected to separate control units which are in operative connection with a superordinate control unit. It is also possible to link individual or all components of the apparatus  10  to a control unit which for its part is in operative connection with a control unit of the processing station  30 . 
     The conveyor  31  of the processing station  30  has a frame  36  for supporting a feed belt. The feed belt is a rotationally driven conveyor belt  37 , having an open or mesh-like structure. The conveyor belt  37  can be made of stainless steel or another robust, rust-free material. The conveyor belt  37  has a feed belt section  38  as the upper run and a return belt section  39  as the lower run. The conveyor belt  37  with its upwardly facing transport surface T F  comprises openings, breaches or the like. In other words, the transport surface T F  is configured over the entire length and width to be permeable, in particular for water. The endlessly configured conveyor belt  37  is guided around at least two deflection elements  40 ,  41  of which one deflection element  40  or  41  is configured as a drive roller and the other deflection element  41  or  40  as a deflection roller. Particularly in the region of the drive roller, which can be driven by a drive means, an encoder  42  can optionally be provided, by means of which the position of the conveyor belt  37  can be determined or monitored along the length of the conveyor  31  and therefore the position of the product  12  can be determined or monitored on said conveyor  31 . 
     The system  29  according to  FIG.  4    is comparable to the system  29  according to  FIG.  3    which is why the same reference numbers are used for identical components. In addition to system  29  according to  FIG.  3   , the system  29  according to  FIG.  4    for the apparatus  10  comprises a second optical camera  20  which is also connected to the control unit  34 . In addition, the conveyors  11 ,  31 —as already referred to above—are connected to the control unit  34 . 
     For one or each embodiment, all the control units of the system  29  may be in operative connection with each other or form a common control unit  34 . This control unit  34  comprises at least one processor  43  which is configured to lay optical images of the optical cameras  17 ,  20 ,  32  of the apparatus  10  on the one hand and of the processing station  30  on the other hand on top of each other in such a manner that identifying the products  12  and matching the relative positions of each product  12  on the two conveyors  11 ,  31  of the apparatus  10  on the one hand and of the processing station  30  on the other hand takes place based exclusively on optical images of optical cameras  17 ,  20 ,  32 . Optionally, the control unit  34  comprises, in addition to the at least one processor  43 , a memory  44 , an input device  45 , an output device  46  and an interface  47 . Furthermore, it is possible to connect the system  29  via the control unit  34  to a network  48  that can be networked internally (intranet) or externally (Internet). By means of the control unit  34  and the processor  43 , the image data of the optical images of the apparatus  10  on the one hand and of the processing station  30  on the other hand can thus be compared for identification and they can be matched and analysed to determine the relative positions of each product  12  on the two conveyors  11 ,  31 . By means of the control unit  34 , it is additionally possible due to the configuration of the processor  43  to perform transformations between the image data. 
     In one embodiment, the apparatus  10  and the processing station  30  are connected to a control unit  34  which comprises a processor  43  that is configured to lay an optical transfer image which is formed from at least one optical image of an optical camera  17  and/or  20  of the apparatus  10 , enriched by product-specific data acquired by the X-ray unit  13  of said apparatus  10 , and an optical image of the optical camera  32  of the processing station  30  on top of each other in such a manner that the cutting unit  33  can be controlled by the control unit  34  for each product  12  based on individually determined cutting paths. 
     In one embodiment, the cutting unit  33  comprises a water jet unit  49  with at least one nozzle  50 . The at least one nozzle  50  is optionally freely controllable in the space so that it can follow any cutting paths. Other cutting means, such as cutting knives, blades, band knives and the like, can also be controlled instead of the water jet unit  49 . 
     At least one optical camera  17 ,  20 ,  32  respectively in the apparatus  10  on the one hand and in the processing station  30  on the other hand is equipped with the same imaging process. In a specific embodiment, the apparatus  10  comprises a simple optical camera  17 , e.g. a greyscale camera for recording the outer contour, and a complex optical camera  20 , e.g. a hyperspectral camera for recording defects, and the processing station  30  comprises a simple optical camera  32 , e.g. also a greyscale camera. The mapping can then be performed between two identical imaging systems in a particularly easy manner (greyscale method). In this case, the optical image of the optical camera  17  of the apparatus  10  forms the basis for the transfer image (third data set), in which the data (cutting paths) of the X-ray unit  13  and the second optical camera  20  of the apparatus  10  are incorporated. Matching can also be performed solely on the basis of, for example, the optical image of the optical camera  17 , while the data sets of the X-ray unit  13  and the other optical camera  20  are overlaid directly on the optical image of the camera  32  of the processing station  30  to illustrate the cutting paths. 
     In a further embodiment which is not illustrated, an additional optical camera can be arranged in the transition from conveyor  11  of the apparatus  10  to conveyor  31  of the processing station  30 . The optical camera records the discharge end of the conveyor  11  of the apparatus  10  and the intake end of the conveyor  31  of the processing station  30  simultaneously. This optical camera is also connected to the control unit  34 . With such an optical camera, it is possible to dispense with matching between two image data (that is image data of the optical camera  32  of the processing station  30  and the optical camera  17  and/or  20  of the apparatus  10 ) and to calculate a transformation rule by observing the product movement during the transfer from one conveyor  11  to the downstream conveyor  31  by means of the optical camera. 
       FIG.  5    shows a further embodiment of the system  29  which is basically similar in configuration to the embodiments in  FIGS.  3  and  4   . System  29  of the embodiment according to  FIG.  5   , however, comprises an intermediate conveyor  51  between the conveyor  11  of the apparatus  10  and the conveyor  31  of the processing station  30  in order to optimise the transfer of the products  12  from the apparatus  10  to the processing station  30 . The intermediate conveyor  51  comprises an endless conveyor belt  52  which is guided around more than two deflection elements  53 . At least one of the deflection elements  53  is configured as a drive roller. Further deflection elements  53  are used to adjust the tension of the conveyor belt  52 . The deflection elements  53  arranged at the intake end E and discharge end A of the intermediate conveyor  51  are deflection rollers whose external diameters are significantly smaller compared to the external diameters of the deflection elements  25 ,  41  of the adjacent conveyors  11 ,  31 . As a result, the gap between the conveyor belt  52  and the feed belt  23  on the one side and the feed belt  38  on the other side is reduced such that the conveyor  11  of the apparatus  10 , the intermediate conveyor  51  and the conveyor  31  of the processing station form an almost continuous and gap-free transport surface. All conveyors  11 ,  31  and intermediate conveyor  51  are optimally driven at the same speed. The intermediate conveyor  51  can optionally also equalise an existing height difference between the conveyor  11  of the apparatus  10  and the conveyor  31  of the processing station  30 . 
     The intermediate conveyor  51  is also connected to the control unit  34 . In a development of this embodiment, at least one optical camera  54  can be assigned to the intermediate conveyor  51 .  FIG.  5    shows an option in which the optical camera  54  records both transitions from the conveyor  11  to the intermediate conveyor  51  and from the intermediate conveyor  51  to the conveyor  31 . Other arrangements and configurations of the optical cameras are also possible. 
     Of course, in addition to the particularised optical cameras of system  29  as an imaging system, 3D systems and other imaging systems, for example, can also be used. 
     The principle of the method is explained in greater detail below based on the drawings. 
     The method is used for processing products  12  of the food processing industry. It is described for cutting fish fillets. However, the method can also be used in the same way for cutting other products  12 , such as chicken fillets or the like, and for sorting or packaging according to product-specific data. 
     The products  12  are initially transported by means of a first conveyor  11  from an intake end E to a discharge end A in transport direction T. By means of an X-ray unit  13 , product-specific data, in particular defects in the form of bones, bony areas and other hard tissue, is acquired in relation to each product  12  on the first conveyor  11 , wherein the acquired data, which forms a first data set, is received by a control unit  34  and is analysed by it in order to determine cutting paths for cutting undesirable regions out of the products  12 , e.g. out of fish fillets, and/or for portioning of the products  12 . The products  12  are then passed from the first conveyor  11  to a downstream conveyor  31  by means of which the products  12  are transported in transport direction T from an intake end to a discharge end. Product-specific data is acquired on the downstream conveyor  31  by means of an optical camera  32 , wherein the acquired data, in particular the outer contour, forming a fourth data set, is received by a control unit  34  and is analysed by it in order to identify each product. According to the invention, on the first conveyor  11 , in addition to the product-specific data acquired by the X-ray unit  13 , product-specific data relating to each product  12  is acquired by means of at least one optical camera  17  and/or  20 , wherein the data acquired by the optical camera  17  and/or  20  assigned to the first conveyor  11 , which form a second data set, is received and analysed by a control unit  34 . In addition, the received data sets are matched and analysed by means of a control unit  34  in order to calculate the relative product positions of each product  12  on the two conveyors  11 ,  31 . Finally, the products  12  are cut along the cutting paths previously determined and assigned to the relevant product  12  by means of a cutting unit  33 , wherein the cutting unit  33  is controlled by a control unit  34 . The received data sets are further used to perform possible transformations which occur due to displacements, movements, twisting or the like of products  12  during the transfer of said products  12  from one conveyor  11  to another conveyor  31 . 
     As mentioned, there are several options for identifying, and matching and analysing the information collected. Identifying of the products and matching can take place, for example, based solely on the basis of the image of one of the optical cameras  17 ,  20  of the apparatus  10  and on the basis of the image of the optical camera  32  of the processing station  30 . If product  12  is identified and its orientation/position on the second conveyor  31  is known, if necessary after a transformation, the cutting paths, generated from the data sets of the X-ray unit  13  and one of the optical cameras  17 ,  20  of the apparatus  10 , can be integrated/implemented in the image of the optical camera  32  of the processing station  30 . Before comparing/matching the image of one of the optical cameras  17 ,  20  of the apparatus  10  to the image of the optical camera  32  of the processing station  30 , the cutting paths, generated from the data sets of the X-ray unit  13  and one of the optical cameras  17 ,  20  of the apparatus  10 , can be integrated/implemented in the image of the further optical camera  17 ,  20  of the apparatus  10 . 
     Identifying the products  12  and matching and analysing the data sets takes place based on the data sets generated by the optical cameras  17  and/or  20  and  32 , namely the second data set and the fourth data set. The received data sets are accordingly also used to map the regions to be removed from the product  12  and/or the cutting lines for portioning the products  12  for the relevant product  12  identified and lying on the conveyor  31  of the processing station  30  in order to control the cutting unit  33 . 
     In other words, according to the invention, an optical image is transmitted from the apparatus  10  to the control unit  34  for matching and this optical image of the apparatus  10  is matched with the optical image of the processing station  30 . This means that after processing of all the image data (X-ray image and optical image), which is acquired from the products  12  on the first conveyor  11 , said data is transmitted to the control unit  34  (CPU) for the matching process. These image data individual to each product  12  are stored in a list. After each product  12  on the second conveyor  31  has been acquired by means of the optical camera  32 , the optical image of the optical camera  32  is compared to the image data from the list. The image or images which display the closest matches are selected from the list. After successful matching of the optical image of the optical camera  32  with an image/image data from the list, this image/these image data are removed from the list. In other words, for identifying the products  12 , every optical image taken with the optical camera  32  assigned to the downstream conveyor  31  is compared to the optical images of the optical camera  17  and/or  20  assigned to the first conveyor  11 , which are stored in a memory  44  (also referred to as a list) of a control unit  34 , and the image with the closest matches is selected. After successful identifying and, if necessary, matching and analysing, the relevant optical image is deleted from the memory. 
     If no (appropriate) image/no (appropriate) image data is present in the list or in the memory  44  respectively, or if no image/no image data from the memory  44  achieves an adequate matching result, the product  12  can be skipped in the processing and be transported, for example, to manual processing. If an image/image data remains in the memory  44  longer than feasible, it can optionally be removed automatically from the memory  44 . 
     The first data set, which contains cutting paths generated by the X-ray unit  13 , is integrated/implemented in the second data set, namely in the optical image generated by the optical camera  17  or  20  assigned to the first conveyor  11  such that an optical transfer image is forwarded to the control unit  34  as a third data set for matching and analysing, wherein identification of the products  12  and matching and analysing of the data sets takes place based on the third and the fourth data set. This means that the image data of the optical camera  17  or  20  (together with the data obtained from the X-ray unit  13 ) is transmitted to the control unit  34 . In addition, the control unit  34  receives the image data of the optical camera  32  and processes all the image data after assignment to a product  12  to control the cutting unit  33 . Optionally, the data of the X-ray unit  13 , the image data of the optical camera  17  or  20  and the image data of the optical camera  32  can be transmitted separately to the control unit  34 . The data of the X-ray unit  13  can then be overlaid over the image data of the optical camera  32  of the processing station  30 . Subsequently, it is possible to perform a comparison of the image data of the optical camera  17  or  20  of the apparatus  10  to the image data of the optical camera  32  of the processing station  30  to ensure that the product  12  is the identical product. The, if necessary, transformation of the data of the X-ray unit  13  and/or the optical camera  17 ,  20  of the apparatus  10 , e.g. by X-Y translation, rotation, X-Y shear, X-Y displacement or the like, from the optical image of the camera  17  or  20  of the apparatus  10  to the optical image of the camera  32  of the processing station  30  can take place. The sequence of these steps can vary. 
     Matching itself can be performed, for example, as explained below: Distinctive points are searched for in the optical images of the optical camera  17  or  20  and  32  and based on their relative orientation to one another they are assigned such that relative orientations/proximities are mapped as well as possible. In this case, a transformation function is determined which maps a rectangular grid over the optical image of the optical camera  17  or  20  of the apparatus  10  to a spline-shaped grid over the optical image of the optical camera  32  of the processing station  30 . By means of the transformation function, an unambiguous point in the coordinate system of the optical image of the optical camera  32  of the processing station  30  is assigned to each point in the coordinate system of the optical image of the optical camera  17  or  20  of the apparatus  10 . The matching result is determined via the similarity of all the image data of the product  12  in the image data of the optical cameras  17  or  20  and  32 , wherein the transformation function is used to assign the points to each other. Similarity in this case is to be understood in the sense of the smallest possible deviations with respect to the relevant imaging process. 
     The positions of the undesirable regions generated by the X-ray unit  13  and/or a further optical camera  17 ,  20  are integrated/implemented as vector data, pixel data or the like in the optical image of the optical camera  17 ,  20  assigned to the first conveyor  11 , wherein matching and analysing is performed based on the optical image of the optical camera  17 ,  20  assigned to the first conveyor  11  and the optical image of the optical camera  32  assigned to the second conveyor  31 . Thus, it is possible that, in addition to identifying (e.g. via the outer contour of the product), the optical image will also be used for generating cutting paths. 
     The method described is performed with a system  29  such as that described above. 
     While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.