Patent Publication Number: US-2007101476-A1

Title: Three-piece disposable undergarment with stretchable crotch member

Description:
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/452,340, filed Jun. 2, 2003, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/261,805, filed Oct. 1, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,979,380, and also is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/325,500, filed Dec. 19, 2002, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND  
      The present invention relates generally to disposable undergarments, and in particular, to a three-piece undergarment having a folded, stretchable crotch member and to the method for the manufacture thereof from a nested front and rear body panel web.  
      Disposable undergarments can be configured in many different forms. For example, disposable absorbent garments can be configured as a pant-type, pull-on garment, or as a diaper-type product that is drawn up between the legs and fastened about the waist with various fastening systems. Often, absorbent garments include an outer cover, which forms at least a part of a body panel that is secured around the waist of the user. In addition, the outer cover typically extends along a crotch region of the garment.  
      Often, the outer cover is made from a single piece of material, with leg openings cut therein, for example by die cutting. The material from the leg cut out, which can account for as much as 20-30% of the total area of the outer cover, typically is waste material, which must be disposed of or recycled. In addition, the size of the leg openings formed by a die cutter in a conventional one-piece outer cover is typically fixed. As such, it can be expensive and time consuming, and reduces the overall flexibility of the manufacturing line, to switch dies and alter the process to manufacture different size garments.  
      In response to this problem of waste, some garments are configured with front, rear and crotch sections formed from a single web that is divided into two nested halves, as disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,151 and Japanese Patent Application 03-176053 A. However, the webs of the U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,151 have overlapping crotch portions that are directly secured one to the other. Accordingly, the overall rise of the garment is not readily varied to accommodate different size users, and the range of sizes is limited by the extent of the overlapping regions.  
      Conversely, the diaper body of Japanese Patent Application 03-176053 A is positioned over the cut-out portions of a front and back waistband, such that the exposed portion of the waist bands defining in part the leg holes are linear. Instead, the shape of the leg hole is determined by the cut shape of the diaper body, which produces excess material that must be disposed of or recycled.  
      In addition, the crotch member, which is often configured as an absorbent insert, is typically not stretchable. Often, the non-stretchable crotch member is secured across its entire width, which can reduce or otherwise impede the elongation of the body panel and thereby adversely affect its ability to conform to the body of the user.  
      Therefore the need remains for improved methods and assemblies for manufacturing undergarments to reduce the waste of materials while providing improved comfort for the user and flexibility in manufacturing different size garments.  
     SUMMARY  
      Briefly stated, in one aspect, a method of manufacturing an undergarment includes moving a web of body panel material in a longitudinal machine direction and cutting the web of body panel material along the longitudinal machine direction to thereby form a rear body panel web and a front body panel web each having a maximum rise and a minimum rise respectively. The maximum rise of each of the rear and front body panel webs is greater than the minimum rise of a corresponding one of the rear and front body panel webs. The method further includes shifting at least one of the rear and front body panel webs in the longitudinal machine direction and thereby aligning the maximum rises of the rear and front body panel webs. The method further includes aligning a crotch member with the maximum rises of the rear and front body panel webs and connecting the crotch member to the front and rear body panels. The crotch member includes at least one stretchable component including an elastic material.  
      In one embodiment, the cutting of the web of body panel material along the longitudinal machine direction includes forming a substantially sinusoidal pattern defining the maximum and minimum rises of each of the rear and front body panel webs.  
      In one embodiment, the front and rear body panel webs are cut along the lateral cross direction proximate the minimum rise of each of the front and rear body panel webs. Also in one embodiment, the crotch member is folded.  
      In another aspect, a die is used to cut the web of body panel material. In one embodiment, the method includes forming a cut edge along each of the front and rear body panel webs, wherein the cut edges of the front and rear body panel webs have a first and second shape respectively. In one embodiment, the first shape is different than the second shape.  
      In another aspect, the wave pattern defining the cut edges of the front and rear body panel webs is not symmetrical relative to a centerline extending in the longitudinal machine direction. In particular, the curve defining the cut edge on one side of the centerline has a different shape than the curve defining the cut edge on the other side of the centerline. In one example, the curves, if continuous on both sides of the centerline, would have a different wavelength.  
      In another aspect, one embodiment further includes elongating the web of body panel material in the longitudinal machine direction before cutting the web of body panel web. In this way, the pitch of the garment can be easily changed simply by varying the amount of elongation introduced into the web before the web is cut.  
      In yet another aspect, one embodiment of the method further includes varying a gap formed between the maximum rises of each of the rear and front body panel webs. In this way, the overall rise of the garment can be easily changed simply by varying the gap.  
      In various embodiments, elastic elements are positioned along one or more of the outer lateral edges of the inner cut edge of one or more of the webs.  
      In various embodiments, the stretchable crotch member is formed of an elastic/stretchable material. In one particular embodiment, one or both of a top sheet and backsheet, with a retention portion disposed therebetween, are stretchable and include an elastic material.  
      In another aspect, a method includes stretching at least one of the back sheet and top sheet. In yet another aspect, a method includes instructing a user on the user of a disposable undergarment is provided.  
      The various aspects provide significant advantages over other disposable undergarments and methods. For example and without limitation, the nested body panels of one embodiment maximize the area of body coverage while minimizing and virtually eliminating the amount of waste material. In addition, the stretchable crotch member can be stretched with the body panels to conform to the body of the user. In addition, the elastic material of the crotch member allows the crotch member to stretch and retract, further improving the fit of the garment.  
      The foregoing paragraphs have been provided by way of general introduction, and are not intended to limit the scope of the following claims. The presently preferred embodiments, together with further advantages, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of a system for manufacturing an absorbent garment.  
       FIG. 2  is a plan view of a web of body panel material being cut along a longitudinal machine direction.  
       FIG. 3  is a plan view of a front and rear body panel web with a plurality of absorbent inserts being applied thereto.  
       FIG. 4  is a plan view of one embodiment of an absorbent garment in an unfolded configuration.  
       FIG. 5  is a plan view of another embodiment of an absorbent garment in an unfolded configuration.  
       FIG. 6  is a plan view of a web of body panel material being cut along a longitudinal machine direction.  
       FIG. 7  is a plan view of a front and rear body panel web separated in the cross direction and aligned in the machine direction.  
       FIG. 8  is a garment having a front and rear body panel web formed from the webs shown in  FIG. 7 .  
       FIG. 9  is a plan view of one embodiment of an absorbent garment in an unfolded configuration.  
       FIG. 10  is a cross sectional view of the absorbent garment shown in  FIG. 9  taken along line  10 - 10 .  
       FIG. 11  is a cross sectional view of the absorbent garment shown in  FIG. 9  taken along line  11 - 11 .  
       FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional view of the absorbent garment shown in  FIG. 9  taken along line  12 - 12 .  
       FIG. 13  is a load v. strain graph for an exemplary stretchable material  FIG. 14  is a load v. strain graph for a second exemplary stretchable material.  
       FIG. 15  is a load v. strain graph for an exemplary non-stretchable material. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
      It should be understood that the term “longitudinal,” as used herein, means of or relating to length or the lengthwise direction  500 . The term “laterally,” as used herein, means situated on, directed toward or running from side to side. The term “first direction” generally refers to a path, line or course rather than a vector, and includes and applies equally to opposite orientations along the path, line or course, including for example and without limitation movement along a path, line or course in both directions (as indicated by the bi-directional arrows associated with the longitudinal and lateral directions  500 ,  502  in  FIG. 9 ). Likewise, the term “second direction” generally refers to a path, line or course rather than a vector (not orientation dependent), and includes for example and without limitation movement along a path, line or course in both directions. In one example, the first direction is defined by and refers to one of the longitudinal and lateral directions, while the second direction refers to the other of the longitudinal and lateral directions.  
      The term “bodyside” should not be interpreted to mean in contact with the body of the user, but rather simply means the side that would face toward the body of the user, regardless of whether an undergarment is actually being worn by the user and regardless of whether there are or may be intervening layers between the component and the body of the user. Likewise, the term “garment side” should not be interpreted to mean in contact with the garments of the user, but rather simply means the side that faces away from the body of the user, and therefore toward any outer garments that may be worn by the user, regardless of whether the undergarment is actually being worn by a user, regardless of whether any such outer garments are actually worn and regardless of whether there may be intervening layers between the component and any outer garment.  
      The term “machine direction” means the direction of flow as the various members and webs progress along the fabrication line and process. It should be understood that various separate members or webs can each be traveling in a machine direction, but with the various machine directions not necessarily being parallel or oriented in the same direction. For example, a first component such as a web may be traveling a first machine direction, which is substantially perpendicular to the travel of another component, such as an absorbent insert, in a second machine direction.  
      The term “cross direction” means the direction substantially perpendicular to the machine direction.  
      The term “downstream” means that one item is positioned more closely to the output or finished product end of the machine and/or process relative to another item. Conversely, the term “upstream” means that an item is positioned more closely to the input end of the machine or process relative to another item. For example, the output end is downstream of the input end, and vice versa, the input end is upstream of the output end.  
      The phrases “removeably attached,” “removeably attaching,” “removeably connected,” “removeably engaged,” “releasably attached,” “releasably connected,” or “releasably engaged,” and variations thereof, refers to two or more elements being connected or connectable such that the elements tend to remain connected absent a separation force applied to one, both or all of the elements, and where the elements are capable of being separated upon the application of a separation force. The required separation force is typically beyond that encountered while wearing the absorbent garment.  
      The phrases “fixedly secured,” “fixedly engaged,” “fixedly attached,” “fixedly connected,” and variations thereof, refers to two or more elements being connected or connectable such that they are not disconnected or otherwise separated, and are not intended to be separated or disconnected, during the normal operation and use of the absorbent garment.  
      The term “web” refers to a continuous stream of material, whether made from one or more layers or substrates, and regardless of whether it may have non-continuous, discrete items disposed thereon.  
      The terms “connecting,” “coupled,” “attached,” and “secured,” and variations thereof, broadly covers two or more items being directly connected one to the other, or by way of one or more intervening members or components.  
      Referring to  FIGS. 4, 5  and  9 , an undergarment  2  includes a first, front body panel  4  and a second, rear body panel  6 . The term “body panel” refers to the portion(s) of the undergarment, whether made of one or more layers or substrates or of one or more pieces or components, that is/are fitted circumferentially around at least the waist region of the user, including for example the user&#39;s lower back, buttock, hips and abdomen. The first and second body panels each have an inner, bodyside surface  10  and an outer, garment side surface  12 . The first, front body panel  4  has a first edge  14  forming a crotch portion  16  and leg opening portion  18  and a second terminal edge  20  which, in one embodiment, is linear but can assume other shapes. Likewise, the second, rear body panel  6  has a first edge  22  forming a crotch portion  24  and a leg opening portion  26  and a second terminal edge  28 , which is shown linear but can assume other shapes. Each of the first and second body panels has an outboard side edge  30 ,  32  formed along the outer periphery of the opposite side portions of the first and second body panel. It should be understood that the outboard side edges of the front and rear body panels can have the same or different lengths relative to each other.  
      Referring to  FIG. 5 , one or more, and in one embodiment a plurality, meaning two or more, elastic elements  36  are secured to each of the first and second body panels. In preferred embodiment, a plurality of elastic elements are spaced across substantially the entire waist portion of the front and rear body panel  4 ,  6 , although they may be spaced across a lesser length. For example, elastic elements can extend along the upper waist portion and along the lower terminal edge defining in part a leg opening  34 .  
      In one embodiment, the front body panel has a “non-elasticized” area wherein there are no elastic elements, or other elastic or elastomeric backing members, incorporated therein or making up any portion of the thickness or cross-section of the body panel at that area. It should be understood, that in an alternative embodiment, one or more separate waist bands, with or without elastic elements, can be secured to one or both of the rear and front body panels, preferably along the upper terminal edges  20 ,  28  thereof. Likewise, one or more separate leg bands can be secured to one or both of the rear and front body panels along the leg open portions  18 ,  26  adjacent the leg openings  34 . Alternatively, one or both of the body panels can be formed without any elastic elements as shown in  FIG. 4 .  
      The various waist and leg elastic elements can be formed from rubber or other elastomeric materials. One suitable material is a LYCRA® elastic material. For example, the various elastic elements can be formed of LYCRA® XA Spandex 540, 740 or 940 decitex T-127 or T-128 elastics available from E.I. duPont De Nemours and Company, having an office in Wilmington, Del.  
      Referring to  FIGS. 10 and 12 , each body panel  4 ,  6  is preferably formed as a composite, or laminate material, otherwise referred to as substrates or laminates, with an elastic core  136  sandwiched therebetween. In one embodiment, the elastic core  136  is made of an elastomeric film or nonwoven elastic or stretchable material including for example but not limited to styrenic copolymers of polyisoprene, polybutadiene or polyolefin, copolymers of polyolefins, natural or styrene butadiene rubber, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, and co-extrusions/blends of the aforementioned materials. The elastic core can be formed as a membrane or from a plurality of elastic strands, as described above. In one embodiment, two or more layers  40  are bonded to the elastic core  136 , and/or each other, with various adhesives, such as hot melt, or by other techniques, including for example and without limitation ultrasonic bonding and heat pressure sealing. In one embodiment, the two layers are made of a non-woven material such as a spunbond material, a bonded carded material or other known materials. In this way, the body panels are made of a stretchable/elastic material.  
      As used herein, the interchangeable terms “stretchable” and “elastic,” and variations thereof, refer to a material that can elongate or deform (stretch) in response to the application of a tensile force under certain test conditions herein defined below, and upon removal of the tensile force have a length that is less than about 128% of the original length, which corresponds to hysteresis of less than about 28%. Thus, a stretchable or elastic material can be stretched and upon relaxing the material, will tend to resume its original shape. As used herein, “extensible” materials are those materials having a length of greater than about 128% of the original length when elongated and relaxed under certain test conditions herein defined below, which corresponds to a hysteresis of greater than about 28%.  
      It should be understood that the body panels can be made of a single layer or substrate of non-woven material, a bi-layer substrate made of non-woven materials without an elastic core, or more than two layers or substrates. Of course, it should be understood that other knitted or woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, elastomeric materials, polymer films, laminates and the like can be used to form one or more of the body panel layers. The term “non-woven” web or material, as used herein, means a web having a structure of individual fibers or filaments that are interlaid, but not in an identifiable manner and without the aid of textile weaving or knitting, as in a knitted or woven fabric.  
      In one embodiment, the body panel material can be secured to the elastic core, such as an elastomeric layer or elastic strands or ribbons, which have been elongated and retracted, such that the material is gathered when the elastic element(s) are relaxed. Alternatively, the material can be gathered and laminated to non-elongated elastic elements. In one preferred embodiment, the body panel includes a gathered elastic laminate made from nonwoven base sheets bonded with elongated elastic elements sandwiched therebetween.  
      In various preferred embodiments, the body panel material may be substantially permeable to air or substantially impermeable to air. The body panel material also may be substantially liquid-permeable or substantially liquid-impermeable. In particular arrangements, the body panel material may be substantially nonelastomeric. In other aspects, the body panels can include an elastomeric material that is elastomerically stretchable at least along one or both of the lateral article width and the longitudinal article length. Examples of such elastomeric composite materials can include a continuous filament stretch bonded laminate (CFSBL), a vertical filament laminate (VFL), neck-bonded-laminate (NBL), a stretch-bonded-laminate (SBL), a necked-stretch bonded laminate (NSBL) or a necked-thermal laminate, or the like, as well as combinations thereof. Exemplary CFSBL, NBL, SBL, and NSBL materials are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,226,992, 4,981,747, 4,965,122, 5,336,545, 5,385,775, 5,414,470, 4,720,415, 4,789,699,4,781,966, 4,657,802, 4,652,487, 4,655,760, 5,116,662 and 5,114,781, and 6,323,389, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Exemplary VFL materials are described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/204,307, filed May 15, 2000 and entitled “Method and Apparatus for Producing Laminated Articles,” and PCT application WO 01/88245 A2, both assigned to Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc., the Assignee of the present application, with the entire disclosures of both being hereby incorporated herein by reference. Such laminates can provide an improved combination of cloth-like feel and elastomeric stretchability. The body panels can be composed of materials that are elastic or elastomeric and exhibit biaxial stretch characteristics or lateral/longitudinal stretch characteristics, or which are extensible composites. Additional waist and leg elastic elements can be added to, but are not necessarily required by, the body panels.  
      In one embodiment, the body panel material is extensible but not elasticized. For example, the body panel can be made of a film or non-woven that is attached, by way of adhesives or thermal bonding, to an extensible non-woven material. Alternatively, the body panel can be made of a low modulus film such as ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA).  
      As shown in the embodiments of  FIGS. 9-12 , the entirety of the body panels  4 ,  6 , and the crotch member  50 , are elasticized, such that the entirety of each of the body panels can elongate and conform to the body of the user without any substantial spacing between the body panel and the user&#39;s body, and without the attendant bulkiness of a non-elasticized material.  
      In one embodiment, the body panels are breathable, cloth-like, multi-directional nonwoven laminates with stretch or extensible properties. In one embodiment, the non-woven layers are pre-necked, for example between about 10% and about 80%, in the longitudinal direction, which provides extensibility in the longitudinal direction with minimal force.  
      In one embodiment, the body panel members  4 ,  6  are made of non-woven laminates of two layers of longitudinally extensible 0.60 osy polypropylene spunbond material with elongated strands of Lycra® elastic sandwiched between the spunbond layers and thereafter adhesively bonded. In particular, the body panel material is necked in the cross direction. As used herein, the term “necked,” and variations thereof, refers to any material that has been constricted in at least one dimension by applying a tensioning force in a direction that is perpendicular to the desired direction of neck-down. Processes that may be used to constrict a material in such a manner include, for example and without limitation, drawing processes. The elastics are then elongated in the machine direction and secured to the body panel material. The elastics are then allowed to retract so as to gather the necked spunbond material in the lateral (machine) direction thereby creating an elastically gathered non-woven body panel with longitudinal extensibility. The term “gather,” and variations thereof, as used herein means puckered, or contracted into folds or wrinkles, which should be understood as including micro-pleats.  
      In this way, the body panel can be elongated in both the longitudinal and lateral direction to conform to the body of the user when the garment is applied thereto. In particular, as the user pulls the garment up over their hips, the non-woven laminate body panels stretch in the lateral direction while the leg regions of the front and rear body panels conform to the crotch and body lines of the user. At the same time, the body panel material extends in the longitudinal direction to conform to the buttocks and stomach of the user. The extensibility of the body panels follows the natural curvature of user&#39;s body to provide conformance thereto. As the body panel extends in the longitudinal direction, the spacing between the laterally extending elastic elements, incorporated in one embodiment, will increase.  
      The body panel non-woven material is preferably substantially hydrophobic, which may optionally be treated with a surfactant or otherwise processed to impart a desired level of wettability and hydrophilicity. In one particular embodiment of the invention, the body panel is a nonwoven, wire-weave spunbond polypropylene fabric composed of about 1.6 denier fibers formed into a web having a basis weight of about 0.6 osy. One suitable non-woven material is the Corinth 0.60 osy, 1.6 dpf wireweave, nonwettable Metallocene (EXXON ACHIEVE 2854 PP) spunbond material manufactured by Kimberly-Clark Corporation, the Assignee of the present application.  
      The crotch member  50  of the various undergarments connecting the front and rear body panels  4 ,  6  can be folded such that the side edges  30 ,  32  of the front and rear body panels  4 ,  6  are aligned, whereinafter they can be fixedly secured at a seam to form the leg opening  34 . The seam can be formed by bonding, sewing or otherwise attaching the side edges. Alternatively, the product can remain “open,” wherein the body panels are releasably secured with one or more fastening members as explained below.  
      In one embodiment, the garment includes a combination of side edges that are secured to form a seam and fastening members that allow the fit of the undergarment to be adjusted. For example, in one embodiment, fastening members are preferably attached to the front body panel and extend inboard relative to the outboard side edge of the front body panel from an attachment location, which is preferably spaced inboard from the side edge. A landing member can be formed on or secured to the body panel to receive a refastenable portion of the fastening member. One or more lines of weakness can be provided along the front or rear body panel such that one or both of the body panels are breakable. The lines of weakness can comprise a perforation or other series of cuts, a thinning, breakage or separation of material, or a strip of a different kind of material bridging portions of the body panel that is more easily torn or broken than the other material thereof, which allow a user or the manufacturer to separate portions of the body panel. For example, the undergarment can be broken along the lines of weakness after the garment is applied to a user, or beforehand. In one embodiment, the fastening members are secured to the garment-side surface of the body panel.  
      It should be understood that, in other embodiments, the fastening members can be secured to the rear body panel and engage the front body panel or, conversely, can be secured to the front body panel and engage the rear body panel, preferably along at least a portion that is not elasticized. In one embodiment, the fastening members are fixedly secured to the outer, garment-side surface of the front and/or rear body panels, and releasably engage the outer, garment-side surface of the front and/or rear body panels, although it should be understood that the fastening members could be fixedly secured to an inner body-side surface of front and/or rear body panels and releasably engage an inner, body-side surface of the front and/or rear body panels.  
      When incorporated into a disposable absorbent undergarment, the fastening members can include a refastenable portion, such as an array of hook members, adhesives, such as pressure sensitive adhesives, buttons, zippers, snaps and other releasable and reattachable fastening devices. In various embodiments, the fastening member includes one, two or more than two tab members. In one embodiment, the fastening members comprise a carrier member, which is preferably fixedly secured to the side portions of the front body panel with adhesive bonds, sonic bonds, thermal bonds, pinning, stitching or other known types of attachment. In alternative embodiments, the fastening members can be fixedly secured to the rear body panel or to one or both of the front and rear body panels, for example, at the seam, as explained above.  
      Referring to the embodiments of  FIGS. 4-5  and  9 - 12 , the crotch member  50  is formed as a separate subassembly connected to either the bodyside or garment side surface  10 ,  12  of the body panel members  4 ,  6 . In either embodiment, the crotch member  50  has first and second opposed terminal end edges  60 ,  62 . The crotch member  50  bridges the gap between the terminal edges  14 ,  22  of the body panels  4 ,  6  and is connected respectively to those body panels at attachment locations  88 . The crotch member  50  that overlaps the body panels or body chassis member can be minimally attached thereto with an attachment having a width of between about 10% and about 100% of the width of the absorbent insert. For example, the crotch member can be attached to the body panels along the longitudinal side edges of the crotch member, or alternatively along a centerline such that the edges of the absorbent insert are not attached to the body panels or body chassis. In another embodiment, the entirety of the portion of the crotch member that overlaps the body panels can be attached thereto. The crotch member can be secured to the body panels when they are in a stretched or unstretched condition.  
      The attachment location can extend along the entire length of the overlapping portion of the crotch member, along only a portion of the length, or at a discrete point, for example proximate midway between the ends  60 ,  62  of the crotch member. In another embodiment (not shown), the attachment location can be formed from a plurality of discrete attachment locations spaced longitudinally along the centerline. In other alternatives, the terminal edges of the crotch member  50  can be attached to the body panels, or the crotch member can be secured to the body panels along the terminal crotch edges  14 ,  22  thereof.  
      In one embodiment, shown in  FIGS. 9-12 , the crotch member is configured as an absorbent insert  50 , which includes a substantially liquid permeable top sheet  64 , or liner, and a substantially liquid impermeable back sheet  66 . A retention portion  70  is disposed or sandwiched between the topsheet and the backsheet, which are connected. It should be understood that the term “absorbent insert” refers to any material or assembly capable of absorbing liquids or bodily exudates, and may be formed from a single material or component, for example a retention portion, or can be formed as a composite of several components. It should also be understood that the term “crotch member” refers to any member of any material, including for example and without limitation those described herein with respect to the body panels and absorbent inserts, and is no limited to absorbent inserts and/or materials. For example, the crotch member may be made of one or more layers of a non-woven material. It should further be understood that when the crotch member does not include an absorbent material, it can still be used in conjunction with various disposable absorbent pads such as adult incontinent and/or feminine pads so as to improve the performance and comfort of those pads by maintaining them in close proximity to the body of the user.  
      Referring to  FIGS. 1-9 , the top sheet  64 , back sheet  66  and other components of the absorbent insert can be joined for example with adhesive bonds, sonic bonds, thermal bonds, pinning, stitching or any other attachment techniques known in the art, as well as combinations thereof. For example, a uniform continuous layer of adhesive, a patterned layer of adhesive, a sprayed pattern of adhesive or any array of lines, swirls or spots of construction bonds may be used to join the topsheet and backsheet, or any of the other components described herein.  
      In one embodiment, one or more crotch elastic members  38  are sandwiched between the top sheet  64  and backsheet  66  along the side edges thereof. The elastic members  38  can extend the entire longitudinal extent of the absorbent insert, or along only a portion thereof.  
      Additional layers, including for example, a liquid acquisition and distribution layer  72 , also referred to as a surge or transfer layer, are also preferably incorporated into the absorbent insert. In one embodiment, the transfer layer does not run the entire length of the absorbent insert and is shorter than the retention portion.  
      In one embodiment, the retention portion  70 , transfer layer  72  and other components, such as tissue layers, are free floating (unattached) between the back sheet  64  and the top sheet  66 , which are secured along only the peripheral edges thereof. Alternatively, the retention portion  70 , transfer layer  72  and other components are minimally attached to one or both of the back sheet  66  and top sheet  64 . For example, the retention portion can be secured to the back sheet along an attachment location positioned along the longitudinal centerline  108  of the retention portion. Alternatively, or in combination with the back sheet connection, the transfer layer or retention portion can be minimally attached to the top sheet. In this way, the retention portion  70 , transfer layer  72  and other components do not impede or substantially affect the lateral stretchability and extensibility of the absorbent insert  50  and in particular the top sheet and back sheet, at least one of which is secured to the body chassis.  
      In another alternative embodiment (not shown), the retention portion is secured along the centerline at a point midway between the two ends of the retention portion. In this embodiment, the retention portion also does not restrict or impede the stretchability and extensibility of the absorbent insert, and in particular the top sheet and back sheet, in the lateral or longitudinal directions  500 ,  502 .  
      In other embodiments, the top sheet is indirectly joined to the backsheet by affixing the topsheet to intermediate layers, such as the surge layer or retention portion, which in turn is affixed to the backsheet. The absorbent insert also may include barrier cuffs, or leakage control shields, formed along the opposite longitudinally extending edges of the absorbent composite.  
      In one embodiment, the back sheet  66  is a stretchable, elastic, liquid impervious member. Alternatively, the back sheet may be liquid permeable, e.g., when an additional barrier layer is used with the retention portion. In one embodiment, shown in  FIGS. 9-12 , the back sheet  66  is a laminate structure made of a stretchable, elastic material, such as an elastomeric film  80 , which is laminated to an extensible non-woven material layer  82 . It should be understood that the backsheet can be formed from a single layer or substrate or more than two layers or substrates. The backsheet can be stretchable in both the lateral and longitudinal direction, or be stretchable in one direction and extensible in the other.  
      The backsheet  66  prevents various bodily fluids and exudates from wetting or otherwise contaminating various bedding or outer garments worn by the user over the absorbent garment. The backsheet can be made of the same materials described above in connection with the body panels. In one embodiment, the backsheet can include a film, which can be made of the various materials described above.  
      The backsheet may include a micro-porous, “breathable” material which permits gases, such as water vapor, to escape from the absorbent garment while substantially preventing liquid exudates from passing through the backsheet. For example, the breathable backsheet may be composed of a microporous polymer film or a nonwoven fabric which has been coated or otherwise modified to impart a desired level of liquid impermeability. For example, a suitable microporous film can be a PMP-1 material, which is available from Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc., a company having offices in Tokyo, Japan; or an XKO-8044 polyolefin film available from 3M Company of Minneapolis, Minn. The backsheet may also be embossed or otherwise provided with a pattern or matte finish to exhibit a more aesthetically pleasing appearance.  
      In various embodiments, where a component, such as the backsheet is configured to be permeable to gas while having a resistance and limited permeability to aqueous liquid, the liquid resistant component can have a construction which is capable of supporting a selected hydrohead of water substantially without leakage therethrough. A suitable technique for determining the resistance of a material to liquid penetration is Federal Test Method Standard FTMS 191 Method 5514, 1978, or an equivalent thereof.  
      In one embodiment, the backsheet is sufficiently impermeable to liquid and semi-liquid materials to substantially prevent the undesired leakage of waste materials, defined as exudates, including for example urine and feces. For example, the backsheet member can desirably support a hydrohead of at least about 45 centimeters (cm) substantially without leakage. The backsheet member can alternatively support a hydrohead of at least about 55 cm, and optionally, can support a hydrohead of at least about 60 cm, or more, to provide improved benefits.  
      In one example, the backsheet can be composed of a necked fiber, a creped fiber, a micro-pleated fiber, polymer films or the like, as well as combinations thereof. The fabrics may be woven or nonwoven materials, such as spunbond fabrics. One example of a suitable extensible material is a 60% necked, polypropylene spunbond having a basis weight of about 1.2 osy.  
      Three types of backsheet materials were tested for stretchability/extensibility.  
     EXAMPLE 1  
     VFL Material  
      The material is a three-ply laminate having inner and outer facing layers of 0.46 ounces per square yard (osy) polypropylene spunbond material (Kimberly-Clark Delta white polypropylene spunbond) and a middle layer of 10 grams per square meter (gsm) Kraton® 666 elastomer strands (3 mm apart) elongated to 4.5 to 5.5 times. The three piece laminate is adhesively laminated with 2.5 gsm Bostik Findley H2096 adhesive. This VFL material was tested as explained below and as shown in  FIG. 13 .  
     EXAMPLE 2  
     Necked Liner Laminate  
      The material is made of a two-ply laminate consisting of a soft co-extruded film laminated to a necked nonwoven material. In particular, the material is made of a layer of 0.4 ounces per square yard (osy) polypropylene spunbond material (Kimberly-Clark Delta white polypropylene spunbond) that was necked 35% (to 65% of initial width) to a final basis weight of 0.6 osy and laminated to a Pliant Film XP-8600 0.7 mil (CaCO3 metallocene Dow Affinity and Dowlex 2035 LLDPE co-extruded film). This material was tested as explained below and as shown in  FIG. 14 .  
     EXAMPLE 3  
     Necked Liner  
      The material was made of a nonwoven 0.4 ounces per square yard (osy) polypropylene spunbond material (Kimberly-Clark Delta white polypropylene spunbond) that was necked 65% (to 35% of initial width) to a final basis weight of 0.7 osy. This material was tested as explained below and as shown in  FIG. 15 .  
      Referring to  FIGS. 13-15 , force/strain curves are shown for each of the three exemplary backsheet materials. The stress/strain curves were developed from a test to determine the “stretchability” of “extensibility” of the material, as those terms are defined above. The “Stretchability/Extensibility” test is as follows:  
      Test Procedure (One-Cycle Tensile Test (without hold time)): 
          1. A 2 inch wide by 5 inch long specimen was cut from a sheet of sample material. The stretchable direction of the material was in the length direction of the specimen, which is also the test direction.     2. The one-cycle tensile test was conducted on a tensile tester (Model: Synergie 200 available from MTS) located in a room where the temperature was maintained at 23 degrees C. and with a relative humidity at 50%.     3. The distance between the lower and upper jaws of the tensile tester were set at 3 inches.     4. The jaws were clamped onto the specimen.     5. The moving (upper) jaw was activated to travel at a constant rate of 5 inches/minute away from the stationary (lower) jaw. The moving jaw was stopped at an extension of 1.8 inches (60% extension).     6. The moving jaw then returned immediately to its initial starting position at a rate of 5 inches/minute.     7. The load v. % strain for the tension and retraction cycle was recorded on a computer equipped with TestWorks Version 3.10 software program available from MTS.        

      As shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14 , the VFL and Necked Liner Laminate materials are stretchable as that term is defined above, meaning that they have a hysteresis strain of less than about 28%, or a length of less than about 128% of the original length. As shown in  FIG. 15 , the Necked Liner material has a hysteresis of greater than about 28%, or a length greater than about 128%, such that it is extensible rather than stretchable as those terms are defined above.  
      In various constructions, the top sheet  64  can include various woven or nonwoven materials and laminates, which can be stretchable or extensible. In one embodiment, the top sheet  64 , shown in  FIGS. 9-12 , is an extensible material, such as a necked spunbond material. For example, the topsheet can be composed of a meltblown or spunbonded web of desired fibers, and may also be a bonded-carded web. For example, the topsheet and liner can be made of a substantially hydrophobic material, and the hydrophobic material may optionally be treated with a surfactant or otherwise processed to import a desired level of wettability and hydrophilicity. In one particular embodiment of the invention, the topsheet is a nonwoven, spunbond polypropylene fabric composed of about 2.8-3.2 denier fibers formed into a web having a basis weight of about 22 gsm and density of about 0.06 gm/cc. The fabric can be surface treated with an operative amount of surfactant, such as about 0.28% Triton X-102 surfactant. The surfactant can be applied by any conventional means, such as spraying, printing, brush coating or the like. In another embodiment, the top sheet can also include an elastic material, such that it is stretchable.  
      The retention portion  70  is made of an absorbent material, which can be any material that tends to swell or expand as it absorbs exudates, including various liquids and/or fluids excreted or exuded by the user. For example, the absorbent material can be made of airformed, airlaid and/or wetlaid composites of fibers and high absorbency materials, referred to as superabsorbents. Superabsorbents typically are made of polyacrylic acids, such as FAVOR 880 available from Stockhausen, Inc. of Greensboro, N.C. The fibers can be fluff pulp materials, such as Alliance CR-1654, or any combination of crosslinked pulps, hardwood, softwood, and synthetic fibers. Airlaid and wetlaid structures typically include binding agents, which are used to stabilize the structure. In addition, various foams, absorbent films, and superabsorbent fabrics can be used as an absorbent material. Various acceptable absorbent materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,147,343 for Absorbent Products Containing Hydrogels With Ability To Swell Against Pressure, U.S. Pat. No. 5,601,542 for Absorbent Composite, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,651,862 for Wet Formed Absorbent Composite, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Furthermore, the proportion of high-absorbency particles can range from about 0 to about 100%, and the proportion of fibrous material from about 0 to about 100%. Additionally, high absorbency fibers can be used such as Oasis type 121 and type 122 superabsorbent fibers available from Technical Absorbent Ltd., Grimsby, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom.  
      The retention portion preferably can be made of a single or dual layer of absorbent material. In one embodiment, the retention portion has an hour-glass shape with enlarged end regions. Alternatively, the retention portion is substantially rectangular. The retention portion can include a folded or multi-layered configuration. Likewise, the entire absorbent insert can have a folded configuration, with various folds formed from one or more of the backsheet, top sheet, retention portion or other components. The retention portion can have a length substantially equal to, or slightly shorter than, the length of the absorbent insert. The retention portion can include one or more barrier layers attached to the absorbent material. In one embodiment, an upper tissue substrate  74  is disposed adjacent the retention portion. Alternatively, a lower tissue substrate  75  can be disposed adjacent an opposite side of the retention portion, or the tissue can completely envelope the retention position.  
      Referring to  FIGS. 3-5  and  9 , the opposite garment side of the end regions of the absorbent insert  50 , and in particular, the outer, garment side surface of the back sheet  66 , are connected to the bodyside surface of the first and second body panels  4 ,  6  at attachment locations  88 . It should be understood that in an alternative embodiment, the absorbent insert, for example the body side thereof, can be connected to the garment side surface of the first and second body panels as explained above. It should be understood that the absorbent insert  50  can be secured using any of the methods of attachment described above, including for example various adhesives, stitching or other bonding methods. The absorbent insert can be secured to the body panels with any configuration of attachment lines, swirls, patterns, spots, etc., or can be a full and continuous attachment therebetween.  
      In operation, the user applies the undergarment to their body, whether by way of pulling it up around their waist as a pant-like garment or by way of fastening it about their waist with fasteners as a diaper-like garment. As the garment is applied or fitted to the body of the user, the front and rear body panels  4 ,  6  are elongated from a first condition, preferably relaxed, to a second condition, preferably elongated, in at least one direction, preferably the lateral direction  502 . Of course, the body panel members can also elongate in the longitudinal direction  500  from the crotch to the waist. In one embodiment, one or both of the body panels  4 ,  6  is elongated in a lateral direction  502  between about 20% and about 300%, in another embodiment between about 50% and about 200%, and in another embodiment between about 100% and about 150%, as it is applied to the user. The body panel members are elongated by virtue of a tensile force being applied thereto as they conform to the body of the user.  
      As one or both of the body panel members  4 ,  6  are elongated, with the attendant application of a tensile force, the absorbent insert, which includes in one embodiment an extensible top sheet  64  and a stretchable/elastic back sheet  66 , stretches or elongates with the body panels. The back sheet can be elongated in one embodiment between about 20% and about 150%, in another embodiment between about 40% and about 125% and in another embodiment between about 50% and about 100%. Since, in one embodiment, the retention portion  70  is free floating, or alternatively is minimally attached to the stretchable top sheet and the stretchable/elastic back sheet, e.g., along the longitudinal center line  108 , the retention portion  70  does not restrict the elongation of the back sheet  66  and top sheet  64 , or the attached body panels  4 ,  6 .  
      In another aspect, the manufacturer or retailer of the afore-described absorbent garments provides instructional information to the user, for example by way of textual or pictorial indicia on the packaging materials, about how the garment works. For example, the manufacturer or retailer can explain to the end user the advantages of the stretchable/elastic absorbent insert, and the resultant ability of the body panels to freely conform to the body of the user without restriction from the retention portion, thereby improving the conformance and fit of the garment.  
      Referring to  FIGS. 1-8 , the method for fabricating one or more embodiments of the aforedescribed refastenable absorbent garment is illustrated. Referring to  FIGS. 1, 2 ,  6  and  7 , a web  72  of body panel material is cut in a longitudinal machine direction  74  to form a front and rear body panel web  76 ,  78 . Preferably, the web  72  is cut in a sinusoidal wave pattern, which should be broadly interpreted as a pattern having peaks  54 ,  154  and valleys  56 ,  156 , with the pattern generally defined by a pitch P and an amplitude A, A 1 . The pattern can be formed of undulating curves or wave patterns, or can include or be made entirely of various linear portions.  
      Each body panel web includes an outer lateral edge  80 ,  82  and an inner cut edge  84 ,  86 . In one embodiment, shown for example in  FIG. 3 , the inner cut edges  84 ,  86  of the front and rear body panel webs correspond, or mate such that they have the same shape and amplitude. In such an embodiment, no waste material is generated.  
      In an alternative preferred embodiment, shown in  FIGS. 6-8 , the wave pattern defining the first and second cut edges  84 ,  86  has a first and second shape  102 ,  104  formed on opposite sides of a wave baseline  100 , which extends in the longitudinal machine direction approximately half way between the peaks  54 ,  154  and valleys  56 ,  156  of the cut edges. In this embodiment, the first shape  102  is different from said second shape  104 , with each shape having a different curvature. In particular, the first shape  102  has a first wavelength L 1  and the second shape  104  has a second wavelength L 2 . Preferably, the first wavelength L 1  is greater than the second wavelength L 2 . In this way, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the front body panel  4  can be provided with a different shape than the rear body panel  6 . For example, the undergarment can be configured as a thong shaped undergarment with a relatively narrow rear body panel  6 .  
      In another preferred embodiment, a die cutter  100  is used to cut the web. The die cutter is configured to form inner cut edges  84 ,  86  on the front and rear body panels having different shapes and amplitudes A, A 1 , as shown for example in  FIG. 2 . In such an embodiment, a minimal amount of waste material is generated, but it allows for the front and rear body panels to be specifically shaped to conform to the body of the user. For example, the shape of the rear body panel web  78  cut edge  86  can be provided with lesser amplitude A 1  than the amplitude A of the front body panel web  76 . In this embodiment, a minimal amount of waste material  42  is produced. In one embodiment, one of the body panels is formed with a wave pattern, or substantially sinusoidal cut edge, while the other is configured with a straight cut edge. In various alternative embodiments, the cut edges can be formed by an oscillating cutter, slitters, water jets, lasers and other known cutting devices.  
      In the preferred embodiment, each of the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  has a maximum rise (Max R), measured at the peak  54 ,  154  and forming crotch portion lobes  16 ,  24  (along the centerline of the garment), and a minimum rise (Min R), measured at the valley  56 ,  156 . The term “rise,” as used herein, means the measured distance between two edges, for example the outer edge  80 ,  82  and the inner cut edge  84 ,  86  of each of the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  respectively. The total rise of the garment is measured between the outer edges  20 ,  28  of the front and rear body panels, or body panel webs, after the crotch member is connected thereto. Preferably, one or both of the front and rear body panel webs are shifted in the longitudinal machine direction, as shown to align the maximum rises, or peaks  54 ,  154 , of the front and rear body panels, which also results in the alignment of the minimum rises, or valleys  56 ,  156 , of the front and rear body panels. In a preferred embodiment, the maximum rises, defining lobes  16 ,  24  of the absorbent garment, have a profile in plan view that extends outwardly relative to the waist edge  20 ,  28 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , a first and second conveyor  102 ,  104  can simply be spaced apart so as to provide for a longer travel for one of the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78 .  
      Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  are also separated, or shifted, outwardly relative to one another in the lateral cross-direction  94  so as to form a gap  88  between the cut edges  84 ,  86  of the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  at the maximum rise formed at the respective peaks  54 ,  154 . In various embodiments, the spacing between the cut edges at the maximum rise of the respective front and rear body panels (i.e., the closest spacing between the front and rear body panels) is preferably between about 1% and about 90% of the total rise of the garment, more preferably between about 10% and about 60% of the total rise of the garment, and most preferably between about 20% and about 40% of the total rise of the garment. In addition, in various embodiments, the spacing between the cut edges at the maximum rise of the respective front and rear body panels is preferably between about 10 mm and about 800 mm, more preferably between about 50 mm and about 500 mm, and most preferably between about 100 mm and about 300 mm. In an alternative embodiment, the cut edges and the crotch portions of the front and rear body panels overlap, and can be secured one to the other. In such an embodiment, the panels can be separated slightly, or can simply be shifted in the longitudinal direction without any lateral separation.  
      In one embodiment, the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  are separated such that no portions of either web overlap each other. For example, and referring to  FIG. 1 , in one embodiment, a first pair of rollers  106  can be angled or twisted to laterally spread the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  a first amount before they are shifted in the longitudinal machine direction. A second pair of rollers  108  can be angled or twisted to laterally spread the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  a second amount after they are shifted in the longitudinal machine direction. Of course, it should be understood that the front and rear body panels can be first shifted in the longitudinal machine direction the desired amount and then separated in the lateral cross direction the entire desired amount, or they can also be first separated in the lateral cross direction the entire desired amount and then shifted in the longitudinal machine direction. In another embodiment, the portions of the lobes or peaks of the body panels overlap each other.  
      After the body panel webs  76 ,  78  are aligned and separated, regardless of the order thereof, a plurality of crotch members  50 , for example absorbent inserts, are positioned in the lateral cross direction so as to bridge the gaps  88  between the body panel webs  76 ,  78  at successive peaks  54 ,  154  or lobes  16 ,  24  where the maximum rises of the body panel webs are aligned at the centerline of the absorbent garment. It should be understood that the term “gap” as used herein includes a “zero” distance between the respective cut edges, wherein the cut edges abut but do not overlap. The crotch members  50  are secured to the body panel webs  76 ,  78  as explained above. It should be understood that the crotch members  50  are secured in one embodiment to a bodyside surface  90 ,  92  of the body panel webs  76 ,  78 , although they can also be secured to the garment side thereof as explained above with respect to  FIGS. 9-12 . In one embodiment, the crotch members, for example the absorbent inserts, are assembled offline and are then applied to the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  as those webs are carried by a construction drum  110 .  
      As shown in  FIG. 1 , the crotch member is preferably rotated using an offset cam action rotator  112 . The rotator includes a plurality of transfer segments  126 , which can have a vacuum applied thereto, that engage the crotch member  50 . Coupler arms  127  connect the transfer segments and a drive ring. The coupler arm  127  includes a cam end having a cam follower that follows the profile of a cam mechanism. The profile of the cam mechanism can be readily changed to change the desired speed output and pitch of the crotch member. In one preferred embodiment, the rotator is configured to accelerate the crotch member. If the successive crotch members  50  are separated by a perforation, the transfer segment  126  breaks the perforation as it engages one crotch member and moves away from the next crotch member, which is engaged by a next transfer segment  126 . The rotator rotates the end portion of the transfer segment, preferably approximately 90 degrees, about a radial axis, such that the crotch member is oriented in the machine direction as described above as the transfer segments are rotated about a horizontal axis  128 . Alternatively, the landing material and fastener material are cut and separated by the transfer segments. The rotator, and the method for the use thereof, is further disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,761,478, 5,759,340, and 6,139,004, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/038,766, entitled “Apparatus For Applying Discrete Parts to A Moving Web,” filed Jan. 2, 2002, all of which are assigned to Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc., the Assignee of the present application, and the entire disclosures of all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, the subassembly can be rotated using a revolving transfer roll as shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,608,115, which is assigned to Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc., the Assignee of the present application, and which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.  
      Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 4 , after the crotch members  50  are secured to the body panel webs  76 ,  78  across the gap  88 , the assembly is conveyed on a conveyor  114  to a helical folder  116 , wherein the undergarments, and in particular the crotch members, are successively folded such that the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  are positioned in an overlapping, or overlying relationship, preferably with the outer edges  80 ,  82  aligned. In various alternative embodiments, the body panel webs  76 ,  78  can be secured, for example by bonding, along a lateral cross direction at the area of minimum rise, or valleys  56 ,  156  to form the side seam  48 . The front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  are then cut along the lateral cross direction along the seam  48  to form a plurality of discrete disposable undergarments, each having a front and rear body panel  4 ,  6 . Alternatively, the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  can be first cut at the area of minimum rise, or valleys  56 ,  156 , and the crotch member  50  thereafter folded. Various refastenable fastening members can be applied to the front and rear body panels  4 ,  6  or front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  before or after the various cutting and folding operations. In yet another preferred embodiment, as explained above, the undergarment can be configured with side seams which secure the front and rear body panels, and refastenable fastening members, which bridge lines of weakness formed in one or the other of the body panels.  
      The elastic elements  36  are preferably incorporated into the web  72  of body panel material prior to cutting the web  72  to form the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78 . If leg elastics are desired, preferably they are integrated into the web  72  along a pattern that will follow the cut edge  84 ,  86  on each of the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78 . Of course, it should be understood that the elastics could be secured to the body panel webs after they are formed by the die cutter, or other cutting operation. In addition, the elastics can be non-continuous and intermittently spaced along the longitudinal direction such that they are incorporated along only the leg opening portions  18 ,  26  of the body panel webs and body panels.  
      The pitch (P) of the undergarment can be easily and quickly adjusted without the need to change over to new dies. The term “pitch” as used herein means the distance between any two adjacent things in series, and in particular between the valleys  56 ,  156  or side edges  30 ,  32  of the finished undergarment. In particular, the web  72  of body panel material is simply stretched or elongated various predetermined amounts before it is cut to form the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78 . For example, the largest waist/hip size is provided when the web  72  of body panel material is introduced into the cutting operation, or die cutter, with no elongation or stretch in the longitudinal machine direction. The smallest waist/hip size is provided when the web  72  of body panel material is elongated or stretched to its maximum capability, such that after the cutting operation, the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  retract to form a garment having a smaller pitch (P) between the valleys. In one preferred embodiment, the elongation of the body panel material is between about 20% and about 400%, in a more preferred embodiment the elongation is between about 50% and about 300%, and in a most preferred embodiment the elongation is between about 100% and about 200%. The final size or pitch of the undergarment is also determined by the process and positioning of the side seams, and the distance therebetween.  
      The rise (R) of the undergarment, measured between the outer edges  20 ,  28 , also can be easily and quickly adjusted without the need to change over to new dies. In particular, the front and rear body panel webs are simply spaced apart in the lateral cross direction varying amounts, preferably with the gap being less than the length of the crotch member. For example, for a smaller garment having a lesser rise, the front and rear body panel webs  76 ,  78  are spaced closer together, with a smaller gap  88  or by overlapping the body panels, than for a garment having a greater rise.  
      Preferably, the same crotch member  50  can be used in any of the garments, regardless of the pitch and rise. In this way, the overall simplicity and efficiency of the system and method is greatly improved, and there is no need to maintain inserts of different sizes in inventory, or to provide manufacturing capabilities to produce different size inserts. Indeed, the preferred embodiment of the method provides for a system of manufacturing a three-piece disposable undergarment with minimal waste, while providing flexibility to manufacture different size garments at minimal cost.  
      In another use, the folded configuration of the absorbent insert (not shown) in combination with the absorbent insert being attached to the garment side of the body panels, allows for the absorbent insert to expand outwardly as it is insulted by the user. This expansion is effected without affecting the fit to the body of the user. In addition, the lobes of the body panels  4 ,  6 , which extend over portions of the absorbent insert  50 , provide a physical barrier between the absorbent insert and the body of the user.  
      Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. As such, it is intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting and that it is the appended claims, including all equivalents thereof, which are intended to define the scope of the invention.