Patent Publication Number: US-2023147285-A1

Title: Allosteric chromenone inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k) for the treatment of disease

Description:
FIELD 
     The present invention is directed to allosteric chromenone inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) useful in the treatment of diseases, or disorders associated with PI3K modulation. The invention is directed toward compounds, and compositions which inhibit PI3K, methods of (or uses for) treating a disease, or disorder associated with PI3K (e.g., CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis/skeletal and spinal syndrome), PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS), breast cancer, brain cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, or head and neck cancer), and using, or methods of using, PI3K inhibitors in combination with one or more additional cancer therapies. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The activity of cells can be regulated by external signals that stimulate, or inhibit intracellular events. The process by which stimulatory, or inhibitory signals are transmitted into, and within a cell to elicit an intracellular response is referred to as signal transduction. Over the past decades, cascades of signal transduction events have been elucidated, and found to play a central role in a variety of biological responses. Defects in various components of signal transduction pathways have been found to account for a vast number of diseases, including numerous forms of cancer, inflammatory disorders, metabolic disorders, vascular, and neuronal diseases (Gaestel et al.  Current Medicinal Chemistry  (2007) 14:2214-2234). 
     Kinases represent a class of important signaling molecules. Kinases can generally be classified into protein kinases, lipid kinases, and certain kinases exhibiting dual specificities. Protein kinases are enzymes that phosphorylate other proteins and/or themselves (i.e., autophosphorylation). Protein kinases can be generally classified into three major groups based upon their substrate utilization: tyrosine kinases which predominantly phosphorylate substrates on tyrosine residues (e.g., erb2, PDGF receptor, EGF receptor, VEGF receptor, src, abl), serine/threonine kinases which predominantly phosphorylate substrates on serine and/or threonine residues (e.g., mTorC1, mTorC2, ATM, ATR, DNA-PK, Akt), and dual-specificity kinases which phosphorylate substrates on tyrosine, serine and/or threonine residues. 
     Lipid kinases are enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of lipids within cells. These enzymes, and the resulting phosphorylated lipids, and lipid-derived biologically active organic molecules, play a role in many different physiological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and differentiation. A particular group of lipid kinases comprises membrane lipid kinases, i.e., kinases that catalyze the phosphorylation of lipids contained in, or associated with cell membranes. Examples of such enzymes include phosphoinositide(s) kinases (such as PI3-kinases, PI4-Kinases), diacylglycerol kinases, and sphingosine kinases. 
     The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) signaling pathway is one of the most highly mutated systems in human cancers. PI3K signaling is involved in many other disease states including allergic contact dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, disorders related to diabetic complications, and inflammatory complications of the cardiovascular system such as acute coronary syndrome. 
     PI3Ks are members of a unique, and conserved family of intracellular lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3′-OH group on phosphatidylinositols, or phosphoinositides. The PI3K family comprises 15 kinases with distinct substrate specificities, expression patterns, and modes of regulation (Katso et al., Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2001; 17:615-75). The class I PI3Ks (p110α, p110β, p110δ, and p110γ) are typically activated by tyrosine kinases, or G-protein coupled receptors to generate PIP3, which engages downstream effectors such as those in the pathways of Akt/PDK1, mTOR, the Tec family kinases, and the Rho family GTPases. The class II, and III PI3Ks play a key role in intracellular trafficking through the synthesis of PI(3)P, and PI(3,4)P 2 . 
     The PI3K isoforms have been implicated, for example, in a variety of human cancers, and disorders. Mutations in the gene coding for PI3K isoforms, or mutations which lead to upregulation of a PI3K isoform are believed to occur in many human cancers. Mutations in the gene coding for a PI3K isoform are point mutations clustered within several hotspots in helical, and kinase domains. Because of the high rate of PI3K mutations, targeting of this pathway may provide valuable therapeutic opportunities. 
     Genetic alterations in genes in PI3K signaling are believed to be involved in a range of cancers such as endometrial cancer, breast cancer, esophageal squamous-cell cancer, cervical squamous-cell carcinoma, cervical adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, glioblastoma, ovarian cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, esophagogastric cancer, nerve-sheath tumor, head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, melanoma, esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, soft-tissue sarcoma, prostate cancer, fibrolamellar carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse glioma, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, B-cell lymphoma, mesothelioma, adrenocortical carcinoma, renal non-clear-cell carcinoma, renal clear-cell carcinoma, germ-cell carcinoma, thymic tumor, pheochromocytoma, miscellaneous neuroepithelial tumor, thyroid cancer, leukemia, and encapsulated glioma (Goncalves M D, Hopkins B D, Cantley L C. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Growth Disorders, and Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018 Nov. 22; 379(21):2052-2062). 
     The alpha (α) isoform of PI3K has been implicated, for example, in a variety of human cancers. Angiogenesis has been shown to selectively require the a isoform of PI3K in the control of endothelial cell migration. (Graupera et al, Nature 2008; 453; 662-6). Mutations in the gene coding for PI3Kα, or mutations which lead to upregulation of PI3Kα are believed to occur in many human cancers such as lung, stomach, endometrial, ovarian, bladder, breast, colon, brain, prostate, and skin cancers. Mutations in the gene coding for PI3Kα are point mutations clustered within several hotspots in helical, and kinase domains, such as E542K, E545K, and H1047R. Many of these mutations have been shown to be oncogenic gain-of-function mutations. Because of the high rate of PI3Kα mutations, targeting of this pathway may provide valuable therapeutic opportunities. While other PI3K isoforms such as PI3Kδ, or PI3Kγ are expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells, PI3Kα, along with PI3Kβ, is expressed constitutively. 
     Mutated PI3Kα has been implicated in brain metastases in HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancers. Development of brain-penetrant PI3Kα inhibitors may provide improved therapeutic benefit over current PI3Kα inhibitors. (Fitzgerald et al., Association between PIK3CA mutation status and development of brain metastases in HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 30:v110, 2019 (suppl 5)). 
     Due to the central role of PI3Kα in regulating organismal glucose homeostasis, PI3K inhibition in patients often gives rise to hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia (Busaidy N L, et al, Management of metabolic effects associated with anticancer agents targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:2919-28). High levels of circulating insulin could potentially be mitogenic and/or antiapoptotic for cancer cells, and thus negate the antiproliferative effects of PI3K inhibitors (Blouin M-J, et al, Abstract 4615: The hyperinsulinemia caused by PI3K inhibitors attenuates their antineoplastic efficacy, but can be minimized by co-administration of metformin. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4615). 
     In the setting of cancer with mutated PI3Kα, one way to overcome the problem of compensatory production of insulin and/or glucose upon systemic PI3Kα inhibition would be to develop inhibitors with enhanced selectivity for mutant PI3Kα over wild-type PI3Kα. This would create an increased window for drug dosing to selectively inhibit the pathologic signaling of mutant PI3Kα in the cancer cells without affecting the wild-type PI3Kα in the host tissues that control systemic metabolism (Okkenhaug K, Graupera M, Vanhaesebroeck B. Targeting PI3K in Cancer: Impact on Tumor Cells, Their Protective Stroma, Angiogenesis, and Immunotherapy. Cancer Discov. 2016 October; 6(10):1090-1105), thus limiting toxicities, and permitting higher doses, and more complete inhibition of the drug target (Ariella B. Hanker, et al, Challenges for the clinical development of PI3K inhibitors: Strategies to improve their impact in solid tumors. Cancer Discov. 2019 April; 9(4): 482-491). 
     Currently PI3Kα inhibitors are nearly equipotent to wild-type, and mutant PI3Kα. Mutant selective inhibitors have been elusive due to the PI3Kα mutations location far from the active site. As such, inhibitors which target a second, peripheral binding pocket near a known mutation (e.g., H1047R) may provide a route to selective PI3Kα inhibition. Thus, targeting a mutated, peripheral binding pocket of PI3Kα, provides a valuable therapeutic target for drug development. 
     As such, kinases, for example lipid kinases such as PI3Ks, are prime targets for drug development. The present invention provides a new class of kinase inhibitors. 
     SUMMARY 
     In one aspect, the present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein: 
     R is —H or C 1 -C 3  alkyl; 
     R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is —H, halogen, —CN, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, a heterocycle of 3 to 5 ring atoms containing 1, 2, or 3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, or a heteroaryl of 5 ring atoms containing 1, 2, or 3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S; 
     each of R 4 , R 5  and R 6  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl; 
     R 7  is —CN, C 1 -C 6  alkyl or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl; 
     R 8  is —H or C 6  alkyl; 
     each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl; 
     each R 10  is independently —H, —CN, halogen, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, C 1 -C 6  haloalkoxy, —SO 2 R 11 , —CONR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 —CO 2 R 11 , —OH, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl, an optionally substituted C 2 -C 6  alkenyl, an optionally substituted C 2 -C 6  alkynyl, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinone, piperidine or morpholine, an optionally substituted phenyl, an optionally substituted 1,3-benzodioxole, an optionally substituted 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, oxazole, or thiazole; wherein the optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl, C 2 -C 6  alkenyl, or C 2 -C 6  alkynyl is each optionally substituted with a —CN, —OH, oxetanyl, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; the optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, phenyl, 1,3-benzodioxole, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine, heterocycle or heteroaryl is each optionally substituted with one to three substituents each independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, C 1 -C 3  haloalkoxy, —OH or —CN; and 
     each R 11  is independently —H or C 1 -C 3  alkyl. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, or carrier. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of modulating PI3K (e.g., PI3Kα) activity (e.g., in vitro, or in vivo), comprising contacting a cell with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     In some aspects, the present invention provides a method of treating, or preventing a disease, or disorder disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     In some aspects, the present invention provides a method of treating, or preventing a disease, or disorder disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     In some aspects, the present invention provides a method of treating a disease, or disorder disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     In some aspects, the present invention provides a method of treating a disease, or disorder disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in therapy. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in modulating PI3K (e.g., PI3Kα) activity (e.g., in vitro, or in vivo). 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in selective inhibition for mutant PI3Kα over wild-type PI3Kα. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating, or preventing a disease, or disorder disclosed herein. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating a disease, or disorder disclosed herein. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for modulating PI3K (e.g., PI3Kα) activity (e.g., in vitro, or in vivo). 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, or preventing a disease, or disorder disclosed herein. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease, or disorder disclosed herein. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a compound, comprising one, or more steps described herein. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound obtainable by, or obtained by, a method for preparing a compound as described herein (e.g., a method comprising one, or more steps described in the Schemes). 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides an intermediate as described herein, being suitable for use in a method for preparing a compound as described herein (e.g., the intermediate is selected from the intermediates described in the Examples). 
     Other features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, and claims. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention provides methods of treating, preventing, or ameliorating a disease, or disorder, (or uses in the treatment, prevention, or amelioration of a disease, or disorder), in which PI3K plays a role by administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a PI3K inhibitor of the present invention. The methods (or uses) of the present invention can be used in the treatment of a variety of PI3K-dependent diseases, and disorders. 
     In some embodiments, the disease, or disorder is a cancer (e.g., breast cancer, brain cancers, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, or head and neck cancer). In some embodiments, the disease, or disorder associated with PI3K includes, but is not limited to, CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis/skeletal, and spinal syndrome), PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS), endometrial cancer, breast cancer, esophageal squamous-cell cancer, cervical squamous-cell carcinoma, cervical adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, glioblastoma, ovarian cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, esophagogastric cancer, nerve-sheath tumor, head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, melanoma, esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, soft-tissue sarcoma, prostate cancer, fibrolamellar carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse glioma, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, B-cell lymphoma, mesothelioma, adrenocortical carcinoma, renal non-clear-cell carcinoma, renal clear-cell carcinoma, germ-cell carcinoma, thymic tumor, pheochromocytoma, miscellaneous neuroepithelial tumor, thyroid cancer, leukemia, and encapsulated glioma. 
     The details of the invention are set forth in the accompanying description below. Although methods, and materials similar, or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice, or testing of the present disclosure, illustrative methods, and materials are now described. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description, and from the claims. In the specification, and the appended claims, the singular forms also include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical, and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All patents, and publications cited in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     Definitions 
     The articles “a”, and “an” refer to one, or more than one (i.e., to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article. By way of example, “an element” means one element, or more than one element. 
     The term “and/or” means either “and”, or “or” unless indicated otherwise. 
     The term “administer”, “administering”, or “administration” refers to either directly administering a disclosed compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the disclosed compound, or a composition to a subject. 
     The term “alkenyl” refers to a straight, or branched chain unsaturated hydrocarbon containing 2-12 carbon atoms. The “alkenyl” group contains at least one double bond in the chain. The double bond of an alkenyl group can be unconjugated, or conjugated to another unsaturated group. Examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, iso-butenyl, pentenyl, or hexenyl. 
     The term “alkoxy” refers to a straight, or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon containing 1-12 carbon atoms containing a terminal “O” in the chain, i.e., —O(alkyl). Examples of alkoxy groups include without limitation, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, t-butoxy, or pentoxy groups. 
     The term “alkyl” refers to a straight, or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon containing 1-12 carbon atoms, preferably 1-6 carbon atoms. Examples of a (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, and isohexyl. 
     The term “alkynyl” refers to a straight, or branched chain unsaturated hydrocarbon containing 2-12 carbon atoms. The “alkynyl” group contains at least one triple bond in the chain. Examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propargyl, n-butynyl, iso-butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl. 
     The term “aromatic” means a planar ring having 4n+2 electrons in a conjugated system. As used herein, “conjugated system” means a system of connected p-orbitals with delocalized electrons, and the system may include lone electron pairs. 
     The term “aryl” unless otherwise specifically defined refers to cyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon groups that have 1 to 3 aromatic rings, including monocyclic, or bicyclic groups such as phenyl, biphenyl, or naphthyl. Where containing two aromatic rings (bicyclic, etc.), the aromatic rings of the aryl group may be joined at a single point (e.g., biphenyl), or fused (e.g., naphthyl). Furthermore, when containing two fused rings the aryl groups herein defined may have one, or more saturated, or partially unsaturated ring fused with a fully unsaturated aromatic ring. Exemplary ring systems of these aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthrenyl, indanyl, indenyl, tetrahydronaphthalenyl, and tetrahydrobenzoannulenyl. 
     The term “carrier” encompasses carriers, excipients, and diluents, and means a material, composition, or vehicle, such as a liquid, or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent, or encapsulating material, involved in carrying, or transporting a pharmaceutical agent from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body of a subject. 
     The term “cyano” means a substituent having a carbon atom joined to a nitrogen atom by a triple bond, i.e., C≡N. 
     The term “cycloalkyl” means mono, or polycyclic saturated carbon rings containing 3-18 carbon atoms, preferably 3-10 carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, without limitation, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptanyl, cyclooctanyl, norbornyl, norborenyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyl. 
     The term “disorder” means, and is used interchangeably with, the terms disease, condition, or illness, unless otherwise indicated. 
     The term “haloalkoxy” refers to an alkoxy group, as defined herein, which is substituted with one, or more halogen. Examples of haloalkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, and trichloromethoxy. 
     The term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, which is substituted with one, or more halogen. Examples of haloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, and trichloromethyl. 
     The term “halogen” or “halo” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. 
     The term “heteroaryl” unless otherwise specifically defined means a monovalent monocyclic, or a polycyclic aromatic radical of 5 to 24 ring atoms, preferably 5 to 10 ring atoms, containing one, or more ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, P, or B, preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S, the remaining ring atoms being C. A polycyclic aromatic radical includes two, or more fused rings, and may further include two, or more spiro-fused rings, e.g., bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, and the like. Unless otherwise specifically defined, “fused” means two rings sharing two ring atoms. Unless otherwise specifically defined, “spiro-fused” means two rings sharing one ring atom. Heteroaryl as herein defined also means a bicyclic heteroaromatic group wherein the heteroatom is selected from N, O, S, P, or B, preferably N, O, or S. Heteroaryl as herein defined also means a tricyclic heteroaromatic group containing one, or more ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, P, or B, preferably N, O, or S. Heteroaryl as herein defined also means a tetracyclic heteroaromatic group containing one, or more ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, P, or B, preferably N, O, or S. Examples of heteroaromatic groups include, but are not limited to, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, thiophen-2-yl, quinolyl, benzopyranyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazole, indazole, benzimidazolyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, triazolyl, triazinyl, imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazolyl, furo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridinyl, pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridinyl, thieno[3,2-c]pyridinyl, thieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl, thieno[2,3-b]pyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, indolinonyl, dihydrobenzothiophenyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, chromanyl, thiochromanyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, dihydrobenzothiazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, 1,6-naphthyridinyl, benzo[de]isoquinolinyl, pyrido[4,3-b][1,6]naphthyridinyl, thieno[2,3-b]pyrazinyl, quinazolinyl, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridinyl, isoindolyl, pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridinyl, imidazo[5,4-b]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidinyl, tetrahydro pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidinyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-1-pyrrolo[2,1-b]pyrimidine, dibenzo[b,d]thiophene, pyridin-2-one, furo[3,2-c]pyridinyl, furo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, 1H-pyrido[3,4-b][1,4]thiazinyl, benzooxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, furo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, benzothiophenyl, 1,5-naphthyridinyl, furo[3,2-b]pyridine, [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, benzo[1,2,3]triazolyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinyl, [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazinyl, benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl, benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole, 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[1,5-b][1,2]oxazinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazolyl, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazolyl, thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolyl, and 3H-indolyl. Furthermore, when containing two, or more fused rings, the heteroaryl groups defined herein may have one, or more saturated, or partially unsaturated ring fused with one, or more fully unsaturated aromatic ring. In heteroaryl ring systems containing more than two fused rings, a saturated, or partially unsaturated ring may further be fused with a saturated, or partially unsaturated ring described herein. Furthermore, when containing three, or more fused rings, the heteroaryl groups defined herein may have one, or more saturated, or partially unsaturated ring spiro-fused. Any saturated, or partially unsaturated ring described herein is optionally substituted with one, or more oxo. Exemplary ring systems of these heteroaryl groups include, for example, indolinyl, indolinonyl, dihydrobenzothiophenyl, dihydrobenzofuran, chromanyl, thiochromanyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, dihydrobenzothiazine, 3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolinyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, oxindolyl, indolyl, 1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-7-onyl, 7,8-dihydro-6H-pyrido[3,2-b]pyrrolizinyl, 8H-pyrido[3,2-b]pyrrolizinyl, 1,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridinyl, 7,8-dihydro-6H-pyrido[3,2-b]pyrrolizinyl, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-onyl, 3,4-dihydropyrazino[1,2-a]indol-1(2H)-onyl, benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3H)-olyl, 6,6a,7,8-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazin-9-onyl, and 6a′,7′-dihydro-6′H,9′H-spiro[cyclopropane-1,8′-pyrido[2,3-b]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazin]-9′-onyl. 
     The term “heterocyclyl”, “heterocycle”, or “heterocycloalkyl” means mono, or polycyclic rings containing 3-24 atoms, preferably 3-10 atoms, which include carbon, and one, or more heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, P, or B, preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, and wherein the rings are not aromatic. Examples of heterocyclyl rings include, but are not limited to, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolidinyl, pyranyl, thiopyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxalinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl S-oxide, thiomorpholinyl S-dioxide, piperazinyl, azepinyl, oxepinyl, diazepinyl, tropanyl, oxazolidinonyl, and homotropanyl. 
     The term “isomers” refers to compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the nature or sequence of bonding of their atoms or the arrangement of their atoms in space. Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “stereoisomers”. Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed “diastereomers” and those that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are termed “enantiomers”. When a compound has an asymmetric center, for example, it is bonded to four different groups, a pair of enantiomers is possible. An enantiomer can be characterised by the absolute configuration of its asymmetric center and is described by the R- and S-sequencing rules of Cahn and Prelog, or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory (i.e., as (+) or (−)-isomers respectively). A chiral compound can exist as either individual enantiomers or as a mixture thereof. A mixture containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a “racemic mixture”. 
     The term “modulate”, “modulation”, or “modulating” refers to a biological activity of a compound, or substrate that inhibits and/or activates PI3K. 
     The term “patient”, or “subject” is a mammal, e.g., a human, mouse, rat, guinea pig, dog, cat, horse, cow, pig, or non-human primate, such as a monkey, chimpanzee, baboon, or rhesus. Preferably, the mammal is human. 
     The term “therapeutically effective amount” when used in connection with a compound refers to the amount or dose of the compound which upon single or multiple dose administration to the patient, provides the desired effect in the patient under diagnosis or treatment. An effective amount can be determined by one skilled in the art by the use of known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining the effective amount for a patient, a number of factors are considered by the attending diagnostician, including, but not limited to: the species of patient; its size, age, and general health; the specific disease or disorder involved; the degree of or involvement or the severity of the disease or disorder; the response of the individual patient; the particular compound administered; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristics of the preparation administered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitant medication; and other relevant circumstances. 
     The term “treating” with regard to a subject, includes restraining, slowing, stopping, or reversing the progression or severity of an existing symptom or disorder. 
     Compounds of the Present Invention 
     In one aspect, the present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 , are as defined in the Summary for Formula (I). 
     In a further aspect, compounds of Formula (I) wherein R 8  is H have Formula (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 , are as defined in the Summary for Formula (I). 
     In a compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, —CN, halogen, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, C 1 -C 6  haloalkoxy, —SO 2 R 11 , —CONR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 —CO 2 R 11 , —OH, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinone, piperidine or morpholine, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, oxazole, or thiazole; wherein the optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl is optionally substituted with a —CN, —OH, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; the optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, phenyl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is each optionally substituted with one to three substituents each independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, C 1 -C 3  haloalkoxy, —NR 11 R 11 , —OH or —CN; and each R 11  is independently H or C 1 -C 3  alkyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, halogen, —CN, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, oxetane, or isoxazole. In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl. In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, —CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl); most preferably R 3  is H, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 4  is H or halogen, preferably R 4  is H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl; preferably R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; more preferably R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 6  is H or halogen. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 10  is independently H, CN, halogen, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, C 1 -C 6  haloalkoxy, —SO 2 R 11 , —CONR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 —CO 2 R 11 , an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinone, piperidine or morpholine, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, oxazole, or thiazole; wherein the optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl is optionally substituted with a CN, —OH, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; the optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, phenyl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is each optionally substituted with one to three substituents each independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, C 1 -C 3  haloalkoxy, —NR 11 R 11 , —OH or —CN; and each R 11  is independently H or C 1 -C 3  alkyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 4  is H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H), and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 10  is independently H, CN, halogen, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, C 1 -C 6  haloalkoxy, —SO 2 R 11 , —CONR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 —CO 2 R 11 , an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinone, piperidine or morpholine, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, oxazole, or thiazole; wherein the optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl is optionally substituted with a CN, —OH, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; the optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, phenyl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is each optionally substituted with one to three substituents each independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, C 1 -C 3  haloalkoxy, —NR 11 R 11 , —OH or —CN; and each R 11  is independently H or C 1 -C 3  alkyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 10  is independently H, CN, halogen, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, C 1 -C 6  haloalkoxy, —SO 2 R 11 , —CONR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 —CO 2 R 11 , an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinone, piperidine or morpholine, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, oxazole, or thiazole; wherein the optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl is optionally substituted with a CN, —OH, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; the optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, phenyl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is each optionally substituted with one to three substituents each independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, C 1 -C 3  haloalkoxy, —NR 11 R 11 , —OH or —CN; and each R 11  is independently H or C 1 -C 3  alkyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 6  is H or halogen, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 10  is independently H, CN, halogen, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, C 1 -C 6  haloalkoxy, —SO 2 R 11 , —CONR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 —CO 2 R 11 , an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinone, piperidine or morpholine, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, oxazole, or thiazole; wherein the optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl is optionally substituted with a CN, —OH, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; the optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, phenyl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is each optionally substituted with one to three substituents each independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, C 1 -C 3  haloalkoxy, —NR 11 R 11 , —OH or —CN; and each R 11  is independently H or C 1 -C 3  alkyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 4  is H or halogen; more preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, and R 4  is H; most preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, and R 4  is H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), and R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, and R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), and R 6  is H or halogen; more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, and R 6  is H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 4  is —H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H), and R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; preferably R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 4  is H or halogen (preferably R 4  is —H) and R 6  is H or halogen. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 6  is H or halogen; preferably R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, and R 6  is H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl), R 4  is —H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H), and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, and R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), and R 6  is H or halogen, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, and R 6  is H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 4  is H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H), R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     more preferably R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In a compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 4  is H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H) and R 6  is H or halogen, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     more preferably R 4  and R 6  are each H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 6  is H or halogen, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     preferably R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, and R 6  is H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is H, CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 4  is H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H), and R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, R 4  is H, and R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is H, CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 4  is H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H) and R 6  is H or halogen; more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, and R 4  and R 6  are each H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is H, CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 6  is H or halogen; more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, and R 6  is H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 4  is H or halogen (R 4  is H) and R 6  is H or halogen; more preferably R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, and R 4  and R 6  are each H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 4  is —H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H), R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, or C 6  alkoxy, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, R 4  is H, and R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 4  is —H or halogen (preferably R 4  is —H), R 6  is H, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, and R 4  and R 6  are each H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, R 6  is H or halogen, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, and R 6  is H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 4  is —H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H), R 6  is H or halogen, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     more preferably R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, and R 4  and R 6  are each H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is H, CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 4  is H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H), R 6  is H or halogen, and R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, R 4  and R 6  are each H, and R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 4  is —H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H), R 6  is H or halogen, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, R 4  and R 6  are each H, and R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R is H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is CN, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl; preferably R 7  is CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; more preferably R 7  is CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 8  is H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R is H. In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), and R is H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 8  and R are each H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 8  is H. In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), and R 8  is H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 8  and R are each H. In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), R 8  and R are H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 8  is H, R is H, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), R 8  is H, R is H, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 7  is CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 8  and R are each H. In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is H, or methyl, R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), and R 8  and R are each H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 4 , R 8  and R are each H. In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), and R 4 , R 8  and R are each H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 7  is CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, and R 8  and R are each H. In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 7  is methyl, and R 8  and R are each H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 4  is —H or halogen (preferably R 4  is H), R 6  is H or halogen, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, R 7  is CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 8  is H, R is H, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     more preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, R 4  and R 6  are each H, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 7  is methyl, and R 8  and R are each H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl; preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl, more preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl; preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl; more preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, or cyclopropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl. Preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl. Preferably R 9  is H, or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl. Preferably R 9  is —H, or halogen. More preferably, R 9  is —H, or fluoro. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl. Preferably R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl. Preferably R 9  is —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 5  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl. More preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. Preferably R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, and each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is —CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 8  and R are each —H, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl; more preferably R 7  is methyl, R 8  and R are each —H, and each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 8  and R are each —H, R 5  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 7  is —CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl; more preferably R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 8  and R are each —H, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 7  is methyl, and each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 8  and R are each —H, R 5  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 7  is —CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; preferably R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 8  and R are each —H, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 7  is methyl, and each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, R 4 , R 6 , R 8  and R are each H, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 7  is CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, R 4 , R 6 , R 8  and R are each H, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 7  is methyl, and R 9  is H, or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, R 4 , R 6 , R 8  and R are each H, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 7  is CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, R 4 , R 6 , R 8  and R are each H, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 7  is methyl, and R 9  is —H, or halogen. More preferably, R 9  is —H, or fluoro. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 8  and R are each —H, R 5  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 7  is —CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl; preferably R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 8  and R are each —H, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 7  is methyl, and R 9  is —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, R 4 , R 6 , R 8  and R are each H, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 7  is CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; preferably R 3  is H, or methyl, R 4 , R 6 , R 8  and R are each H, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 7  is methyl, and R 9  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 8  and R are each —H, R 5  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 7  is —CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl; preferably R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 8  and R are each —H, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 7  is methyl, and R 9  is —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cycpropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 10  is independently H, CN, halogen, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, C 1 -C 6  haloalkoxy, —SO 2 R 11 , —CONR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 —CO 2 R 11 , an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinone, piperidine or morpholine, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, oxazole, or thiazole; wherein the optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl is optionally substituted with a CN, —OH, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; the optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, phenyl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is each optionally substituted with one to three substituents each independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, C 1 -C 3  haloalkoxy, —NR 11 R 11 , —OH or —CN; and each R 11  is independently H or C 1 -C 3  alkyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     preferably R 9  is H, or trifluoromethyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     preferably R 9  is H, or halogen. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     preferably R 9  is —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloallkyl, 4  is —H, or halogen, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 5  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl. Preferably R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 6  is —H, or halogen, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, and each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 7  is —CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 8  and R are each —H, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or cyclopropyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alky more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), and R 8  and R are each —H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alky more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or trifluoromethyl, (preferably R 9  is H, or trifluoromethyl), R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), and R 8  and R are each H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or trifluoromethyl, (preferably R 9  is H, or halogen), R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), and R 8  and R are each H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), and R 8  and R are each —H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), and R 8  and R are each H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl), and R 8  and R are each —H. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, R 4 , R 6 , R 8  and R are each H, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 7  is CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or cyclopropyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 8  and R are each —H, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 6  is —H, or halogen, and R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl). Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or trifluoromethyl, (preferably R 9  is H, or trifluoromethyl), R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is H, or methyl, R 4 , R 6 , R 8  and R are each H, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, and R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl). Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or trifluoromethyl, (preferably R 9  is H, or halogen), R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is H, or methyl, R 4 , R 6 , R 8  and R are each H, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, and R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl). Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 8  and R are each —H, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 6  is —H, or halogen, and R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl). Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is H, or methyl, R 4 , R 6 , R 8  and R are each H, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, and R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl). Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), or (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 4  is —H, or halogen, R 8  and R are each —H, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 6  is —H, or halogen, and R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl). Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In a further aspect, compounds of Formula (I) or (II) have Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7  are as defined in the Summary for Formula (I) above. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; preferably R 3  is H, CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl; most preferably R 3  is H, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl; preferably R 5  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; more preferably R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 6  is H or halogen; preferably R 6  is H. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 7  is CN, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl; preferably R 7  is CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl; more preferably R 7  is CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl; preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, or C 3  -C 5  cycloalkyl. Preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl. More preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl. Preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl. Preferably R 9  is H, or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl. Preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl. Preferably R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl. Preferably R 9  is —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 10  is independently H, CN, halogen, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, C 1 -C 6  haloalkoxy, —SO 2 R 11 , —CONR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 —CO 2 R 11 , an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinone, piperidine or morpholine, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, oxazole, or thiazole; wherein the optionally substituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl is optionally substituted with a CN, —OH, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; the optionally substituted C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, phenyl, heterocycle or heteroaryl is each optionally substituted with one to three substituents each independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, C 1 -C 3  haloalkoxy, —NR 11 R 11 , —OH or —CN; and each R 11  is independently H or C 1 -C 3  alkyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl. Most preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     preferably each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     preferably R 9  is H, or trifluoromethyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     preferably R 9  is H, or halogen. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     preferably R 9  is —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     preferably R 9  is —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl (preferably R 3  is —H, —CN, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl), R 5  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, R 6  is —H or halogen, R 7  is —CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, and R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     more preferably R 3  is —H, or methyl, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 6  is —H, and R 7  is methyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 5  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 6  is —H or halogen, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl. Preferably R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 6  is —H or halogen, and each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is —H, —CN, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 5  is —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 6  is —H or halogen, R 7  is —CN, methyl or trifluoromethyl, and R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 6  is —H, or halogen, and R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl). Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or trifluoromethyl, (preferably R 9  is H, or trifluoromethyl), R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is H, or methyl, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 6  is H or halogen, and R 7  is methyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, or trifluoromethyl, (preferably R 9  is H, or halogen), R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is H, or methyl, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 6  is H or halogen, and R 7  is methyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 6  is —H, or halogen, and R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl preferably methyl). Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 9  is H, halogen, C 1 -C 3  alkyl or C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is H, or methyl, R 5  is H, halogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 6  is H or halogen, and R 7  is methyl. Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, R 1  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each R 9  is independently —H, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or cyclopropyl, R 2  is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, each optionally substituted with one to three R 10  substituents, or R 2  is a group of the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 3  is —H, methyl, or trifluoromethyl, R 5  is —H, halogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 6  is —H, or halogen, and R 7  is C 1 -C 3  alkyl (preferably methyl). Preferably, R 2  is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 10  is independently —H, halogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or C 1 -C 6  haloalkyl, preferably R 10  is independently —H, halogen, or C 1 -C 3  alkyl, more preferably R 10  is independently —H, fluoro, or methyl. 
     In yet a further compound of Formula (I), the compound is selected from: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; wherein the bond at the * position is as represented, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A further embodiment is a compound of Formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A further embodiment is a compound of Formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A further embodiment is a compound of Formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A further embodiment is a compound of Formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A further embodiment is a compound of Formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A further embodiment is a compound of Formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A further embodiment is a compound of Formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A further embodiment is a compound of Formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In yet a further embodiment, the bond at the * position is 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the present invention is, for example, an acid-addition salt of a compound of the invention, which is sufficiently basic, for example, an acid-addition salt with, for example, an inorganic or organic acid, for example hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric, trifluoroacetic, formic, citric, methane sulfonate or maleic acid. In addition, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the present invention which is sufficiently acidic is an alkali metal salt, for example a sodium or potassium salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, for example a calcium or magnesium salt, an ammonium salt or a salt with an organic base which affords a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, for example a salt with methylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, trimethylamine, piperidine, morpholine or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and common methodology for preparing them are well known in the art (see, e.g., P. Stahl, et al.  Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use,  2 nd  Revised Edition (Wiley-VCH, 2011); S. M. Berge, et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts,”  Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Vol. 66, No. 1, January 1977). 
     Further representative “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” include, e.g., water-soluble, and water-insoluble salts, such as the acetate, amsonate (4,4-diaminostilbene-2,2-disulfonate), benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, butyrate, calcium, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, citrate, clavulanate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexafluorophosphate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isothionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, magnesium, malate, maleate, mandelate, mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, N-methylglucamine ammonium salt, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pantothenate, phosphate/diphosphate, picrate, polygalacturonate, propionate, p-toluenesulfonate, salicylate, stearate, subacetate, succinate, sulfate, sulfosalicylate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, triethiodide, and valerate salts. 
     The compounds of the present invention can be prepared in a number of ways well known to those skilled in the art of organic synthesis. By way of example, compounds of the present invention can be synthesized using the methods described below, together with synthetic methods known in the art of synthetic organic chemistry, or variations thereon as appreciated by those skilled in the art. Preferred methods include but are not limited to those methods described below. Compounds of the present invention can be synthesized by following the steps outlined in General Scheme 1. Starting materials are either commercially available or made by known procedures in the reported literature or as illustrated below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Scheme 1 depicts the preparation of compounds of Formula (I), where R is H, R 7  is methyl, and R 8  is H. Acylation of substituted phenol (1) may provide ester (2). Ester (2) may undergo rearrangement under Lewis acid conditions to provide hydroxy aryl ketone (3). Basic addition of an ester into aryl ketone (3) may provide the diketo compound (4). 
     Acidic cyclization can provide the chromen-4-one core (5). Phenyl bromide (5) can be acylated via palladium catalysis to produce acyl chromen-4-one (6). Aryl ketone (6) can be reduced to hydroxy compound (7) with a reagent such as sodium borohydride. Use of a halogenating agent such as phosphorus tribromide can be used to convert hydroxy compound (7) to the halo compound (8). 
     Halo compound (8) can be used to alkylate an arylamine to give compounds of Formula (I), followed by hydrolysis of ester present on R 1 . 
     Pharmaceutical Compositions 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III) as an active ingredient. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients. 
     As used herein, the term “composition” is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts. 
     The compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (III) can be formulated for oral administration in forms such as tablets, capsules (each of which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, suspensions, syrups and emulsions. The compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (III) can also be formulated for intravenous (bolus or in-fusion), intraperitoneal, topical, subcutaneous, intramuscular or transdermal (e.g., patch) administration, all using forms well known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts. 
     The formulation of the present disclosure may be in the form of an aqueous solution comprising an aqueous vehicle. The aqueous vehicle component may comprise water and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Suitable acceptable excipients include those selected from the group consisting of a solubility enhancing agent, chelating agent, preservative, tonicity agent, viscosity/suspending agent, buffer, and pH modifying agent, and a mixture thereof. 
     According to a further aspect of the disclosure there is provided a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound any one of the Formulae disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. 
     The compositions of the disclosure may be in a form suitable for oral use (for example as tablets, lozenges, hard or soft capsules, aqueous or oily suspensions, emulsions, dispersible powders or granules, syrups or elixirs), for topical use (for example as creams, ointments, gels, or aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions), for administration by inhalation (for example as a finely divided powder or a liquid aerosol), for administration by insufflation (for example as a finely divided powder) or for parenteral administration (for example as a sterile aqueous or oily solution for intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal or intramuscular dosing or as a suppository for rectal dosing). 
     The compositions of the disclosure may be obtained by conventional procedures using conventional pharmaceutical excipients, well known in the art. Thus, compositions intended for oral use may contain, for example, one or more coloring, sweetening, flavoring and/or preservative agents. 
     Methods of Use 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of modulating PI3K (e.g., PI3Kα) activity (e.g., in vitro or in vivo), comprising contacting a cell with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a disease or disorder disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease or disorder disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. 
     In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is associated with an implicated PI3K activity. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a disease or disorder in which PI3K activity is implicated. 
     In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a cancer. 
     In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), adrenocortical carcinoma, aids-related cancers, aids-related lymphoma, anal cancer, astrocytoma, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, brain tumors, breast cancer, bronchial tumors, Burkitt lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, cancer of unknown primary, cardiac (heart) tumors, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, primary CNS lymphoma, cervical cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, chordoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CIVIL), colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cutaneous t-cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, Sézary syndrome, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), embryonal tumors, medulloblastoma, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, esthesioneuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, extracranial germ cell tumor, extragonadal germ cell tumor, fallopian tube cancer, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), germ cell tumors, gestational trophoblastic disease, hairy cell leukemia, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular cancer, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Hodgkin lymphoma, islet cell tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, Kaposi sarcoma, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, male breast cancer, intraocular melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, metastatic cancer, metastatic squamous neck cancer, midline tract carcinoma with nut gene changes, mouth cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes, myelodysplastic neoplasms, myeloproliferative neoplasms, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, oral cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (islet cell tumors), papillomatosis, paraganglioma, paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pheochromocytoma, pituitary tumor, plasma cell neoplasm, multiple myeloma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, primary peritoneal cancer, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, recurrent cancer, renal cell (kidney) cancer, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, sarcoma, childhood vascular tumors, skin cancer, small cell lung cancer, small intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, testicular cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, thymoma, thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, tracheobronchial tumors, transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, urethral cancer, uterine sarcoma, vaginal cancer, vascular tumors, vulvar cancer, and Wilms tumor. 
     In some embodiments, the cancer is Endometrial cancer, Breast cancer, Oesophageal squamous-cell cancer, Cervical squamous-cell carcinoma, Cervical adenocarcinoma, Colorectal adenocarcinoma, Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Glioblastoma, Ovarian cancer, Non-small-cell Lung cancer, Esophagogastric cancer, Nerve-sheath tumor, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Melanoma, Esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, Soft-tissue sarcoma, Prostate cancer, Fibrolamellar carcinoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Diffuse glioma, Colorectal cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma, B-cell lymphoma, Mesothelioma, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Renal non-clear-cell carcinoma, Renal clear-cell carcinoma, Germ-cell carcinoma, Thymic tumor, Pheochromocytoma, Miscellaneous neuroepithelial tumor, thyroid cancer, leukemia, or encapsulated glioma. 
     In some embodiments, the cancer is a breast cancer, a prostate cancer, or a brain cancer. 
     In some embodiments, the cancer is a breast cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a brain cancer. 
     In some embodiments, the breast cancer is metastatic breast cancer. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In some embodiments, the breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is triple negative breast cancer. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is medullary carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is tubular carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is mucinous carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is Paget disease of the breast or nipple. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). 
     In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is an adenocarcinoma. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a small cell carcinoma. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a neuroendocrine tumor. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a transitional cell carcinoma. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a sarcoma. 
     In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an acoustic neuroma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an astrocytoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a brain metastasis. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is choroid plexus carcinoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is craniopharyngioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an embryonal tumor. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an ependymoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a glioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a medulloblastoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a meningioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an oligodendroglioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a pediatric brain tumor. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a pineoblastoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a pituitary tumor. 
     In some embodiments, the disease or disorder associated with PI3K includes, but is not limited to, CLOVES syndrome (congenial lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis/skeletal and spinal syndrome), PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS), breast cancer, brain cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, or head and neck cancer. 
     In some embodiments, the diseases or disorder associated with PI3K is CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis/skeletal and spinal syndrome). 
     In some embodiments, the disease or disorder associated with PI3K is PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS). 
     In some embodiments, the disease or disorder associated with PI3K is breast cancer, brain cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, or head and neck cancer. 
     In some embodiments, the disease or disorder associated with PI3K is breast cancer, brain cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, or head and neck cancer. 
     In some embodiments, the disease or disorder associated with PI3K is leukemia, lymphoma, or sarcoma. 
     In some embodiments, the cancer is endometrial cancer, head and neck cancer, or a sarcoma. 
     In some embodiments, the cancer is endometrial cancer. In some embodiments the cancer is head and neck cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a sarcoma. 
     In some embodiments, the sarcoma is soft tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, myofibrosarcoma, chordoma, adamantinoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, or malignant solitary fibrous tumor. 
     In some embodiments, the sarcoma is soft tissue sarcoma. In some embodiments the soft tissue sarcoma is liposarcoma, atypical lipomatous tumor, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, malignant solitary fibrous tumor, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, giant cell tumor of soft tissues, leiomyosarcoma, malignant glomus tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma of soft tissue, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, malignant Triton tumor, malignant granular cell tumor, malignant ossifying fibromyxoid tumor, stromal sarcoma, myoepithelial carcinoma, malignant phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, synovial sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, extrarenal rhabdoid tumor, perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, intimal sarcoma, undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, undifferentiated round cell sarcoma, undifferentiated epithelioid sarcoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma, not otherwise specified. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a breast cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a breast cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a prostate cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a prostate cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a brain cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a brain cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in therapy. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in modulating PI3K (e.g., PI3Kα) activity (e.g., in vitro or in vivo). 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a disease or disorder disclosed herein. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a disease or disorder disclosed herein. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a cancer. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a cancer. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a breast cancer. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a breast cancer. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a prostate cancer. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a prostate cancer. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a brain cancer. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a brain cancer. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for modulating PI3K (e.g., PI3Kα) activity (e.g., in vitro or in vivo). 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disease or disorder disclosed herein. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or disorder disclosed herein. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a cancer in a subject in need thereof. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a cancer in a subject in need thereof. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a breast cancer in a subject in need thereof. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a breast cancer in a subject in need thereof. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a prostate cancer in a subject in need thereof. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a prostate cancer in a subject in need thereof. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a brain cancer in a subject in need thereof. 
     In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a brain cancer in a subject in need thereof. 
     The present disclosure provides compounds that function as modulators of PI3K activity. The present disclosure therefore provides a method of modulating PI3K activity in vitro or in vivo, said method comprising contacting a cell with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined herein. 
     In some embodiments, PI3K modulation is inhibition of PI3K. 
     In some embodiments, the PI3K inhibitor is a PI3Kα inhibitor. In some embodiments, the PI3K inhibitor is a PI3Kα H1047R mutant inhibitor. 
     Effectiveness of compounds of the disclosure can be determined by industry-accepted assays/disease models according to standard practices of elucidating the same as described in the art and are found in the current general knowledge. 
     The present disclosure also provides a method of treating a disease or disorder in which PI3K activity is implicated in a patient in need of such treatment, said method comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition as defined herein. 
     Routes of Administration 
     The compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (III), or pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds may be administered to a subject by any convenient route of administration, whether systemically/peripherally or topically (i.e., at the site of desired action). 
     Routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral (e.g. by ingestion); buccal; sublingual; transdermal (including, e.g., by a patch, plaster, etc.); transmucosal (including, e.g., by a patch, plaster, etc.); intranasal (e.g., by nasal spray); ocular (e.g., by eye drops); pulmonary (e.g., by inhalation or insufflation therapy using, e.g., via an aerosol, e.g., through the mouth or nose); rectal (e.g., by suppository or enema); vaginal (e.g., by pessary); parenteral, for example, by injection, including subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intra-arterial, intracardiac, intrathecal, intraspinal, intracapsular, subcapsular, intraorbital, intraperitoneal, intratracheal, subcuticular, intraarticular, subarachnoid, and intrasternal; by implant of a depot or reservoir, for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Exemplary compounds of Formula (I), (II), and (III) are synthesized and tested in the examples. It is understood that compounds of Formula (I), (II), and (III) may be converted to the corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds using routine techniques in the art (e.g., by saponification of an ester to the carboxylic acid salt, or by hydrolyzing an amide to form a corresponding carboxylic acid and then converting the carboxylic acid to a carboxylic acid salt). 
     Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded at 400 MHz or 300 MHz as stated and at 300.3 K unless otherwise stated; the chemical shifts (δ) are reported in parts per million (ppm). Spectra were recorded using a Bruker or Varian instrument with 8, 16 or 32 scans. 
     LC-MS chromatograms and spectra were recorded using an Agilent 1200 or Shimadzu LC-20 AD&amp;MS 2020 instrument using a C-18 column such as a Luna-C18 2.0×30 mm or Xbridge Shield RPC18 2.1×50 mm. Injection volumes were 0. -8.0 μl and the flow rates were typically 0.8 or 1.2 ml/min. Detection methods were diode array (DAD) or evaporative light scattering (ELSD) as well as positive ion electrospray ionization. MS range was 100-1000 Da. Solvents were gradients of water and acetonitrile both containing a modifier (typically 0.01-0.04%) such as trifluoroacetic acid or ammonium carbonate. 
     Abbreviations 
     AcOH/HOAc Acetic Acid 
     ADP Adenosine diphosphate 
     ATP Adenosine triphosphate 
     CDCl 3  Chloroform-d 
     DCM Dichloromethane 
     DIEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine 
     DMF N,N-dimethylformamide 
     DMSO dimethylsulfoxide 
     DMSO-d 6  Hexadeuterodimethylsulfoxide 
     eq. equivalents 
     EtI Ethyl iodide 
     EtOAc ethyl acetate 
     h hour(s) 
     HEPES 4- (2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid 
       1 H NMR Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 
     LC-MS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 
     MeOH Methanol 
     min minute(s) 
     NaHMDS Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide 
     PIP2 Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 
     PPh 3  triphenylphosphine 
     ppm parts per million 
     rt room temperature 
     TFA trifluoroacetic acid 
     THF Tetrahydrofuran 
     Ti(i-PrO) 4  Titanium(IV) isopropoxide 
     Intermediate 1: (2-Bromo-4-methyl-phenyl) propanoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of 2-bromo-4-methyl-phenol (10.0 g, 53.5 mmol) and pyridine (6.34 g, 80.2 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added propanoyl chloride (5.44 g, 58.8 mmol) at 0° C., and stirred at 25° C. for 16 h. Then the mixture was diluted with water (100 mL), adjusted to pH=5 with HCl (2 M) and extracted with DCM (100 mL×2). The combined extract was washed with brine (150 mL×2), dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated to give the product as an oil (13 g, crude).  1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.17 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.62 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.11-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.55 (m, 1H). 
     Intermediate 2: 1-(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)propan-1-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of (2-bromo-4-methyl-phenyl) propanoate (12.5 g, 51.4 mmol) and AlCl 3  (24.0 g, 180 mmol) was stirred at 140° C. for 1 h. When cooled to rt, the mixture was quenched with water (80 mL) dropwise and stirred for 30 min. Then the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3). The combined extract was washed with brine (200 mL×2), dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4  and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and triturated with petroleum ether (20 mL) to give the product as a solid (9.82 g, 79%).  1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.10 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 3.15 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.66-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.83 (m, 1H), 12.66 (s, 1H). 
     Intermediate 3: 1-(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)ethanone 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)ethanone in acetic acid (80 mL) was treated with sodium acetate (6.56 g, 79.91 mmol). The reaction was cooled to 0° C. and treated dropwise with bromine (12.77 g, 79.91 mmol). After addition was completed, the reaction was stirred at rt for 20 h. The reaction was poured into 400 mL of ice water and the suspension filtered to give the product (13 g, 85%) as a yellow solid.  1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ ppm 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 12.64 (s, 1H). 
     Intermediate 4: Methyl 1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     1-Phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (5.3 g, 33 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL of methanol and treated in portions with acetyl chloride. After addition was complete, allowed the reaction to stir at room temperature for 18 h. Concentrated the reaction and diluted the residue with water and ethyl acetate. Added saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the residue and separated the layers. Re-extracted the aqueous layer three times with 100 mL of ethyl acetate. The organics were combined, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, and concentrated to give the product (4.5 g, 66%) as a clear liquid. MS ES+ m/z 177 [M+H] + . 
     Intermediate 5: Methyl indane-2-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of indane-2-carboxylic acid (3 g, 18.50 mmol) in 30 mL of methanol was treated with sulfuric acid (0.18 g, 1.85 mmol) and stirred at 60° C. for 12 hr. The reaction was concentrated, the residue dissolved in 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, collected, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated to give the product (3.15 g, 17.88 mmol) which was used without purification. MS ES+ m/z 177 [M+H] + . 
     Intermediate 45: Indane-2-carbonyl chloride 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of indane-2-carboxylic acid (6.0 g, 37.0 mmol) in 60 mL of dichloromethane was treated with DMF (0.27 g, 0.28 mL, 3.70 mmol) and cooled to 0° C. When cold, the reaction was treated with oxalyl chloride (7.04 g, 55.49 mmol) and then stirred at 25° C. for 2 hr. The resulting yellow solution was concentrated and taken on to the next synthetic step without purification. 
     Intermediate 6: (2-Bromo-4-methyl-6-propanoyl-phenyl) 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     1-(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)propan-1-one (5.0 g, 20.57 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL of dichloromethane and cooled to 0° C. The solution was treated with triethylamine (10.41 g, 102.84 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (3.77 g, 30.85 mmol), and difluorocyclohexanecarbonyl chloride (7.50 g, 41.02 mmol) and then allowed to stir at 15° C. for 16 h under nitrogen. The yellow suspension was diluted with 50 mL of water, the pH adjusted to 3 with 1M aqueous hydrogen chloride, and extracted with 50 mL of dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with 50 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, brine, collected, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with 0% to 10% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to give the compound (7.85 g, 98%) as a yellow oil. 
     The following compounds in Table 1 were made in a similar way as described for Intermediate 6. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 MS ES+ 
               
               
                 Int # 
                 Chemical Name 
                 Structure 
                 m/z 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 46 
                 (2-Bromo-4-methyl-6- propanoyl-phenyl)indane- 2-carboxylate 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Material used without purification 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Intermediate 7: 1-(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3-cyclohexyl-propane-1,3-dione 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of 1-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)ethanone (1 g, 4.37 mmol) in 10 mL of THF was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath. When cold, treated the reaction with lithium diisopropylamide (2M, 1.40 g, 13.10 mmol) and allowed to stir at 0° C. After 30 min, the reaction was treated with a solution of methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate (1.24 g, 8.73 mmol) in 5 mL of THF. After addition was complete, the reaction was stirred at rt for 16 h. The resulting yellow solution was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (20 mL) and extracted twice with 20 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with 0% to 5% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to give the product (0.70 g, 48%) as a yellow oil. MS ES+ m/z 339 [M+H] + . 
     Intermediate 8: 1-(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3-(4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl)propane-1,3-dione 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 1-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)ethanone (0.50 g, 2.18 mmol) and methyl 4,4-dimethylcyclohexanecarboxylate (0.45 g, 2.62 mmol) in 20 mL of THF was cooled to 0° C. and treated in portions with sodium hydride (0.26 g, 60%, 6.55 mmol). After addition was complete, allowed the reaction to stir at rt for 32 h. Carefully quenched the reaction with 20 mL of water and extracted three times with 20 mL of dichloromethane. The combined organics were washed with brine, collected, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with 0% to 17% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to give the product (0.50 g, 62%) as a yellow solid. MS ES+ m/z 369 [M+H] + . 
     The following compounds in Table 2 were made in a similar way as described for Intermediate 8. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 MS ES+ 
               
               
                 Int # 
                 Chemical Name 
                 Structure 
                 m/z 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                  9 
                 1-(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy- phenyl)-3-cyclohexyl- propane-1,3-dione  
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 327 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 1-(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5- methyl-phenyl)-3-(1- phenylcyclopropyl)propane- 1,3-dione 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Product does not ionize well. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 11 
                 1-(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5- methyl-phenyl)-3-(4,4- difluorocyclohexyl)propane- 1,3-dione 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 375 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 1-(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5- methyl-phenyl)-3-indan-2- yl-propane-1,3-dione 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 375 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 47 
                 1-(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5- methyl-phenyl)-3-indan-2- yl-2-methyl-propane-1,3- dione 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Material used without purification 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Intermediate 13: 8-Bromo-2-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-3,6-dimethyl-chromen-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (2-Bromo-4-methyl-6-propanoyl-phenyl) 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylate (4.0 g, 10.28 mmol) was dissolved in 40 mL of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and cooled to 0° C. When cold, the reaction was treated with sodium hydride (1.23 g, 60% wt, 30.83 mmol) and then removed from the cooling bath and stirred at 80° C. for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with 80 mL of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted three times with 80 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined, washed with 100 mL of brine, collected, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated to give the product (4 g crude) without purification. MS ES+ m/z 373 [M+H] + . 
     Intermediate 14: 8-Bromo-2-cyclohexyl-6-methyl-chromen-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of 1-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3-cyclohexyl-propane-1,3-dione (0.50 g, 1.47 mmol) in acetic acid (5 mL) was treated with sulfuric acid (1 mL) and stirred at 100° C. for 1 h. The reaction was cooled to rt, poured into 20 mL of ice water, and extracted 3 times with 20 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with 0% to 5% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to give the product (0.24 g, 51%) as a light yellow solid which was taken on to the next synthetic step without spectral analysis. 
     The following compounds in Table 3 were made in a similar way as described for 
     Intermediate 14. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 MS ES+ 
               
               
                 Int # 
                 Chemical Name 
                 Structure 
                 m/z 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 15 
                 8-Bromo-2-(4,4- dimethylcyclohexyl)-6- methyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 349 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 16 
                 8-Bromo-2-cyclohexyl- chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 307 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 17 
                 8-Bromo-6-methyl-2-(1- phenylcyclopropyl)chromen- 4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 355/357 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 8-Bromo-2-(4,4- difluorocyclohexyl)-6- methyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 359 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 19 
                 8-Bromo-2-indan-2-yl-6- methyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 355 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 48 
                 8-Bromo-2-indan-2-yl-3,6- dimethyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 369/371 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Intermediate 20: 8-Acetyl-2-cyclohexyl-6-methyl-chromen-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of 8-bromo-2-cyclohexyl-6-methyl-chromen-4-one (0.34 mg, 1.06 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (8 mL) was treated with tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)stannane (1.14 g, 3.16 mmol) and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride (0.074 g, 0.011 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere and the reaction stirred at 95° C. for 16 h. The resulting black suspension was treated with 4 mL of aqueous hydrogen chloride (2M) and stirred at 25° C. for 1 h. The reaction was then diluted with 20 mL of saturated aqueous potassium fluoride and 20 mL of ethyl acetate, filtered, and the solids washed with 20 mL of ethyl acetate. The layers of the filtrate were separated and the aqueous layer re-extracted with 20 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organics were washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (30 mL), brine (30 mL), collected, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with 0% to 25% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to give the product (0.24 g, 80%) as a white solid. MS ES+ m/z 285 [M+H] + . 
     The following compounds in Table 4 were made in a similar way as described for Intermediate 20. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 MS ES+ 
               
               
                 Int # 
                 Chemical Name 
                 Structure 
                 m/z 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 21 
                 8-Acetyl-2-(4,4- dimethylcyclohexyl)-6- methyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 313 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 22 
                 8-Acetyl-2-cyclohexyl- chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 271 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 23 
                 8-Acetyl-6-methyl-2-(1- phenylcyclopropyl)chromen- 4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 319 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 24 
                 8-Acetyl-2-(4,4- difluorocyclohexyl)-6- methyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 321 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 25 
                 8-Acetyl-2-(4,4- difluorocyclohexyl)-3,6- dimethyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 335 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 26 
                 8-Acetyl-2-indan-2-yl-6- methyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 319 [M + H]+ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 49 
                 8-Acetyl-2-indan-2-yl-3,6- dimethyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 333 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Intermediate 27: 2-Cyclohexyl-8-(1-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-chromen-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 8-acetyl-2-cyclohexyl-6-methyl-chromen-4-one (0.24 g, 0.84 mmol) in dichloromethane (4 mL) and methanol (2 mL) was treated with sodium borohydride (0.035 g, 0.93 mmol) and the reaction allowed to stir at rt for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with 15 mL of water and then extracted twice with 20 mL of dichloromethane. The combined organics were washed with 30 mL of brine, collected, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated to give the product (0.24 g, 99%) as a white solid. MS ES+ m/z 287 [M+H] + . 
     The following compounds in Table 5 were made in a similar way as described for Intermediate 27. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 MS ES+ 
               
               
                 Int # 
                 Chemical Name 
                 Structure 
                 m/z 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 28 
                 2-(4,4-Dimethylcyclohexyl)-8- (1-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl- chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 315 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 29 
                 2-Cyclohexyl-8-(1- hydroxyethyl)chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 273 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 30 
                 8-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-2- (1-phenylcyclopropyl)chromen- 4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 321 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 31 
                 2-(4,4-Difluorocyclohexyl)-8- (1-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl- chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 323 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 32 
                 2-(4,4-Difluorocyclohexyl)-8- (1-hydroxyethyl)-3,6-dimethyl- chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 337 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 33 
                 8-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-2-indan-2- yl-6-methyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 321 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 50 
                 8-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-2-indan-2- yl-3,6-dimethyl-chromen-4-one  
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 335 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Intermediate 34: 8-(1-Bromoethyl)-2-cyclohexyl-6-methyl-chromen-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of 2-cyclohexyl-8-(1-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-chromen-4-one (0.12 g, 0.42 mmol) in 5 mL of dichloromethane was cooled to 0° C. and treated dropwise with phosphorus tribromide (0.34 g, 1.26 mmol). After addition was complete, allowed the reaction to stir at rt for 16 h. The reaction was cooled to 0° C., treated with 2 mL of water, and the pH adjusted to 8 with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The mixture was extracted twice with 15 mL of dichloromethane. The combined organics were washed with 20 mL of brine, collected, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated to give the product 0.13 g, 90%) as a green solid. MS ES+ m/z 351 [M+H] + . 
     The following compounds in Table 6 were made in a similar way as described for Intermediate 34. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 MS ES+ 
               
               
                 Int # 
                 Chemical Name 
                 Structure 
                 m/z 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 35 
                 8-(1-Bromoethyl)-2-(4,4- dimethylcyclohexyl)-6-methyl- chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 377 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36 
                 8-(1-Bromoethyl)-2- cyclohexyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 337 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 37 
                 8-(1-Bromoethyl)-6-methyl-2- (1-phenylcyclopropyl) chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 383/385 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 38 
                 8-(1-Bromoethyl)-2-(4,4- difluorocyclohexyl)-6-methyl- chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 385 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39 
                 8-(1-Bromoethyl)-2-(4,4- difluorocyclohexyl)-3,6- dimethyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 399 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 40 
                 8-(1-Bromoethyl)-2-indan-2- yl-6-methyl-chromen-4-one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 385 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 51 
                 8-(1-Bromoethyl)-2-indan-2- yl-3,6-dimethyl-chromen-4- one 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 397/399 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Intermediate 41: Methyl 2-[1-(2-cyclohexyl-4-oxo-chromen-8-yl)ethylamino]benzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of 8-(1-bromoethyl)-2-cyclohexyl-chromen-4-one (0.10 g, 0.30 mmol) and methyl 2-aminobenzoate (0.09 g, 0.60 mmol) in 2 mL of DMF was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. Combined with a second reaction of the same amounts and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with 0% to 22% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to give the product (0.25 g, 82%) as a yellow oil. MS ES+ m/z 406 [M+H] + . 
     Intermediate 42: tert-Butyl 2-[1-[2-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8-yl]ethylamino]benzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     8-(1-Bromoethyl)-2-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-6-methyl-chromen-4-one (0.10 g, 0.26 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of DMF and treated with tert-butyl 2-aminobenzoate (0.075 g, 0.39 mmol) and stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with 10 mL of ice water and filtered to give a gray solid. Dissolved the solid in ethyl acetate, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated to give the product (0.10 g, 77%) as a gray solid. MS ES+ m/z 498 [M+H] + . 
     The following compounds in Table 7 were made in a similar way as described for Intermediate 42. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 MS ES+ 
               
               
                 Int # 
                 Chemical Name 
                 Structure 
                 m/z 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 43 
                 tert-Butyl 2-[1-[2-(4,4- difluorocyclohexyl)-3,6- dimethyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl]ethylamino]benzoate 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 512 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 44 
                 tert-Butyl 2-[1-(2-indan-2-yl-6- methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl)ethylamino]benzoate 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 496 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 52 
                 tert-Butyl 2-[1-(2-indan-2-yl- 3,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl)ethylamino]benzoate 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 510 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 1: 2-[1-(2-Cyclohexyl-4-oxo-chromen-8-yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of methyl 2-[1-(2-cyclohexyl-4-oxo-chromen-8-yl)ethylamino]benzoate (0.20 g, 0.48 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol and 0.5 mL of water was treated with sodium hydroxide (0.08 g, 1.93 mmol) and stirred at 45° C. for 16 h. The reaction was concentrated and purified by preparative HPLC using acetonitrile and water (with 0.05% ammonia hydroxide) to give the product (0.13 g, 69%) as a white solid. MS ES+ m/z 392 [M+H] + . 
     Example 2: 2-[1-[2-(4,4-Difluorocyclohexyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8-yl]ethylamino]benzoic acid 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     tert-Butyl 2-[1-[2-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-6-methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8-yl]ethylamino]benzoate (0.10 g, 0.20 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of dichloromethane and treated with trifluoroacetic acid (3.08 g, 27.01 mmol) and stirred at 20° C. for 16 h. The reaction was concentrated and the residue purified by reverse phase chromatography (C18-6; 30×100 mm; 5 um) eluted with 52% to 82% acetonitrile in water (with added trifluoroacetic acid) to give the product (0.06 g, 66%) as a white solid. MS ES + m/z 442 [M+H] + . 
     The following compounds in Table 8 were made in a similar way as described for Example 2. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 
                   
                   
                 MS ES+ 
               
               
                 # 
                 Chemical Name 
                 Structure 
                 m/z 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                  3 
                 2-[1-[2-(4,4- Difluorocyclohexyl)-3,6- dimethyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl]ethylamino]benzoic acid 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                  4 
                 2-[1-(2-Indan-2-yl-6-methyl- 4-oxo-chromen-8- yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 440 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 20 
                 2-[1-(2-Indan-2-yl-3,6- dimethyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 454 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 5: 2-[1-(2-Cyclohexyl-6-methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8-yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of 8-(1-bromoethyl)-2-cyclohexyl-6-methyl-chromen-4-one (0.12 g 0.34 mmol) and 2-aminobenzoic acid (0.094 g, 0.69 mmol) in 1 mL of DMF was stirred at 80° C. for 14 h. The resulting brown suspension was diluted with 1 mL of DMF and purified by preparative HPLC to give the product (0.06 g, 43%) as a white solid. MS ES+ m/z 406 [M+H] + . 
     The following compounds in Table 9 were made in a similar way as described for Example 5. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 
                   
                   
                 MS ES+ 
               
               
                 # 
                 Chemical Name 
                 Structure 
                 m/z 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 6 
                 2-[1-[2-(4,4- Dimethylcyclohexyl)-6- methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl]ethylamino]benzoic acid 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 434 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 7 
                 2-[1-[6-Methyl-4-oxo-2-(1- phenylcyclopropyl)chromen- 8-yl]ethylamino]benzoic acid; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 440 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 8 and Example 9: 2-[1-(2-Cyclohexyl-6-methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8-yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 1 and Isomer 2 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     2-[1-(2-Cyclohexyl-6-methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8-yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid (0.06 g, 0.15 mmol) was separated by reversed phase chromatography using a Phenomenex Gemini-NX C18 column (75×30 mm; 3 um) eluted with 41% to 81% acetonitrile in water (with 0.225% TFA) to give Isomer 1 (17.2 mg, 29%) and Isomer 2 (16.7 mg, 28%) as white solids. MS ES+ m/z 406 [M+H] + . 
     The following compounds in Table 10 were made in a similar way as described for Example 8 and Example 9. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 
                   
                   
                 MS ES+ 
               
               
                 # 
                 Chemical Name 
                 Structure 
                 m/z 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                  10 a   
                 2-[1-[2-(4,4- Dimethylcyclohexyl)-6- methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl]ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 434 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                  11 a   
                 2-[1-[2-(4,4- Dimethylcyclohexyl)-6- methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl]ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 2 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 434 [M + H] +    
               
               
                   
               
               
                  12 b   
                 2-[1-(2-Cyclohexyl-4-oxo- chromen-8- yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 392 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                  13 b   
                 2-[1-(2-Cyclohexyl-4-oxo- chromen-8- yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 2 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 392 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 14 c   
                 2-[1-[2-(4,4- Difluorocyclohexyl)-6- methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl]ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 442 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 15 c   
                 2-[1-[2-(4,4- Difluorocyclohexyl)-6- methyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl]ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 2 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 442 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 16 d   
                 2-[1-[2-(4,4- Difluorocyclohexyl)-3,6- dimethyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl]ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 456 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 17 d   
                 2-[1-[2-(4,4- Difluorocyclohexyl)-3,6- dimethyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl]ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 2 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 456 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 18 e   
                 2-[1-(2-Indan-2-yl-6-methyl- 4-oxo-chromen-8- yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 440 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 19 e   
                 2-[1-(2-Indan-2-yl-6-methyl- 4-oxo-chromen-8- yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 2 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 440 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 21 f   
                 2-[1-(2-Indan-2-yl-3,6- dimethyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 454 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 22 f   
                 2-[1-(2-Indan-2-yl-3,6- dimethyl-4-oxo-chromen-8- yl)ethylamino]benzoic acid, Isomer 2 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 454 [M + H] +   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   a Compounds separated using a Daicel Chiralpak AD-H (250 × 30 mm; 10 um) column eluted with 25% EtOH (with 0.1% NH4OH) in CO 2 . 
               
               
                   b Compounds separated using a Daicel Chiralcel OJ (250 × 30 mm; 10 um) column eluted with 20% MeOH (with 0.1% NH 4 OH) in CO 2 . 
               
               
                   c Compounds separated using a Daicel Chiralpak AS (250 × 30 mm; 10 um) column eluted with 45% EtOH (with 0.1% NH 4 OH) in CO 2 . 
               
               
                   d Compounds separated using an (S, S)Whelk-O1 (250 × 30 mm, 5 um) column eluted with 40% EtOH (with 0.1% NH 4 OH) in CO 2 . 
               
               
                   e Compounds separated using a Daicel Chiralpak AS (250 × 30 mm; 10 um) column eluted with 40% EtOH (with 0.1% NH 4 OH) in CO 2 . 
               
               
                   f Compounds separated using a Daicel Chiralcel OD (250 × 30 mm; 10 um) column eluted with 50% MeOH (with 0.1% NH 4 OH) in CO 2 . 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     PI3K-Alpha kinase (PIK3CA) activity, wild-type and H1047R mutant and determining IC50 values for inhibitors 
     Recombinant, catalytically active human full length PIK3KA Wild-type and H1047R mutant were purchased as 1:1 complex of N-terminal 6× his tagged p110α (catalytic) and untagged p85α (regulatory subunit) from EMD Millipore Sigma (cat. no. 14-602M and 14-792M, respectively). PIP2diC8 (Avanti Polar Lipids Inc., cat. no. 850185) or Soy PI (Avanti Polar Lipids Inc., cat. No. 840044P) was used as lipid substrate. PIP2diC8 or PI lyophilized powder was dissolved in milliQ water to a concentration of 1mM just before use. 10 mM stock compounds in DMSO were serially diluted 1:3 to generate a 10-point curve and plated using an acoustic liquid handler system (Echo 550 series instrument, Labcyte). A 10× intermediate compound plate (200 uM starting compound concentration and 10% DMSO) was prepared before starting the reaction. A typical reaction mixture (50 uL) comprised 40 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4, 25 mM MgCl 2 , 0.01% v/v triton-X-100, 1% v/v DMSO, 20 mM NaCl, 1-5 nM WT or H1047R PI3K protein, 20 uM ATP, and 50 uM PIP2diC8 or Soy PI. 1% DMSO buffer alone without test compound was employed as MAX control (full activity in the absence of any inhibitor), and no enzyme control was used to determine the level of background Adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) (MIN control). First, Wild-type (WT) and H1047R mutant protein in kinase buffer with all components except ATP were incubated with or without compound at 27° C. for lh. After the pre-incubation, the reaction was initiated by the addition of 20 uL of 50uM ATP (20 uM final concentration). The reaction was allowed to proceed until about 10% conversion of ATP (2 uM ADP) at 27° C. After that time, 5 uL of reaction was mixed with 5 uL of ADP-Kinase Glo Reagent (ADP-Glo Kinase assay kit, Promega cat. no. V9102) supplemented with MgCl 2  10 mM to stop the reaction and deplete the remaining ATP for 40 min at room temperature. Then, 10 uL of Kinase Detection Reagent (ADP-Glo Kinase assay kit, Promega cat. no. V9102) was added to simultaneously convert ADP to ATP and allow the newly synthesized ATP to be measured using a luciferase/luciferin reaction. After 30 min at room temperature the light generated was measured using a luminometer (EnVision plate reader, Perkin Elmer). Process data through Genedata-Screener tool. Relative IC50 values are determined using luminescence units by calculating percent inhibition with respect to on-plate “MIN” and “MAX” controls. Data was analyzed using a 4-parameter nonlinear logistic equation (four-parameter logistic concentration-response curve): 
         Y= bot+[(top−bot)/1+( x /IC50)slope]
 
     where Y=% inhibition, X=concentration yielding y% inhibition, Bottom=minimum value of y attained by curve, Top=maximum value of y attained by curve and Slope=steepness of curve at IC50. 
       % Inh=[(median Max− x /median Max−median Min)]·100
 
     IC50: concentration of compound that reduces a given response (ligand binding, enzyme response) by 50%. IC50 relative: concentration giving half the compound&#39;s maximum response. 
     For IC 50  values shown in Table A, “A” means IC 50 &lt;0.5 μM; “B” means IC 50  ranging between 0.5 μM and 1.0 μM; “C” means IC 50  ranging between 1 μM and 5 μM; “D” means IC 50  ranging between 5 μM and 10 μM; “E” means IC 50 &gt;10 μM. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 PI3K-α (PIK3CA) Biochemical IC 50  of PI3K wild-type 
               
               
                 (WT) and H1047R mutant, using Soy PI lipid substrate 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 IC 50   
                 IC 50   
               
               
                 Example # 
                 H1047R 
                 WT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  7 
                 A 
                 E 
               
               
                  8 1   
                 C 
                 E 
               
               
                  9 1   
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                  10 1   
                 A 
                 C 
               
               
                  11 1   
                 E 
                 E 
               
               
                  12 1   
                 E 
                 E 
               
               
                 13 
                 A 
                 E 
               
               
                 14 
                 E 
                 E 
               
               
                 15 
                 A 
                 E 
               
               
                 16 
                 A 
                 B 
               
               
                 17 
                 E 
                 E 
               
               
                 18 
                 C 
                 E 
               
               
                 19 
                 A 
                 C 
               
               
                 21 
                 A 
                 C 
               
               
                 22 
                 E 
                 E 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   1 PIP2diC8 lipid substrate 
               
               
                 *For Example 9, IC 50  WT/IC 50  H1047R = 5.5