Patent Publication Number: US-2021161249-A1

Title: Shoe Sole

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation patent application claiming priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/823,227, filed Aug. 11, 2015, entitled SHOE SOLE (“the &#39;227 application”), which is related to and claims priority benefits from German Patent Application No. DE 10 2014 215 897.4, filed on Aug. 11, 2014, entitled ADISTAR BOOST (“the &#39;897 application”). The &#39;227 and &#39;897 applications are hereby incorporated herein in their entirety by this reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a sole for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, as well as a shoe with such a sole. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The design of a shoe sole allows providing a shoe with a plurality of different properties which may be developed to different degrees depending on the kind of shoe. 
     First, a shoe sole typically comprises a protective function. It protects the foot by its increased hardness with respect to the shaft of the shoe from injuries, for example caused by pointed objects on which the wearer may tread. Furthermore, a shoe sole typically protects the shoe from excessive use by an increased abrasion resistance. In addition, a shoe sole may increase the grip of the shoe on the respective surface and thus facilitate faster movements. These functionalities may, for example, be provided by an outsole. 
     It may be a further function of the shoe sole to provide a certain stability to the foot during the gait cycle. Moreover, the shoe sole may have a cushioning effect, e.g. to absorb the forces acting during impact of the shoe with the surface, wherein it may be beneficial if the energy expended for the deformation of the sole is at least partially returned to the foot of the wearer and is thus not lost. These functionalities may, for example, be provided by a midsole. 
     To this end, e.g. in the DE 10 2012 206 094 A1 and the EP 2 649 896 A2 shoe soles and methods for their manufacture are described which comprise randomly arranged particles of an expanded material, in particular expanded thermoplastic polyurethane (eTPU), and distinguish themselves by a particular high energy return to the foot of the wearer. Furthermore, the WO 2005/066250 A1 describes methods for the manufacture of shoes wherein the shoe shaft is adhesively connected with a sole on the basis of foamed thermoplastic urethane. 
     However, it is a disadvantage of conventional soles that they often comprise mid- or outsoles, respectively, which are uniformly designed and which are only inadequately adapted to the different loads acting on the sole and the musculoskeletal system of the wearer during different phases of a gait cycle. 
     Starting from the prior art, it is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide improved soles for shoes, in particular soles for sports shoes, which are more adequately adapted to the loads occurring during a gait cycle and acting on the sole and on the musculoskeletal system of the wearer. 
     SUMMARY 
     The terms “invention,” “the invention,” “this invention” and “the present invention” used in this patent are intended to refer broadly to all of the subject matter of this patent and the patent claims below. Statements containing these terms should be understood not to limit the subject matter described herein or to limit the meaning or scope of the patent claims below. Embodiments of the invention covered by this patent are defined by the claims below, not this summary. This summary is a high-level overview of various embodiments of the invention and introduces some of the concepts that are further described in the Detailed Description section below. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all drawings and each claim. 
     According to certain embodiments of the present invention, a sole for a shoe comprises a first partial region and a second partial region, a cushioning element arranged within at least a portion of the first partial region and within at least a portion of the second partial region, and a protection element arranged within at least a portion of the first partial region and within at least a portion of the second partial region, wherein the cushioning element comprises a greater stiffness in the first partial region than in the second partial region, and wherein when a wearer treads down with the sole on a surface, the protection element comprises a larger contact area with the surface in the first partial region than in the second partial region. 
     In certain embodiments, the protection element is arranged beneath the cushioning element and directly at the cushioning element. 
     In some embodiments, the sole further comprises a midsole, and the cushioning element forms at least a portion of the midsole. In further embodiments, the sole further comprises a outsole, and the protection element forms at least a portion of the outsole. 
     The cushioning element may comprise a greater density in the first partial region than in the second partial region. 
     According to some embodiments, the cushioning element comprises randomly arranged particles of an expanded material. The particles of the expanded material may be selected from a group consisting of expanded thermoplastic polyurethane particles and expanded polyether-block-amide particles. 
     In some embodiments, the cushioning element further comprises a reinforcing element. The reinforcing element may extend into the first partial region and the second partial region. 
     The protection element may comprise a greater bending stiffness in the first partial region than in the second partial region. In some embodiments, the protection element comprises at least one first protrusion in the first partial region, wherein the at least one first protrusion comprises a flattened surface. In further embodiments, the protection element comprises at least one second protrusion in the second partial region, wherein the at least one second protrusion at least partially presses into the cushioning element when the wearer treads down on the sole. 
     The first partial region may extend on at least a portion of a medial side of the sole. The second partial region may extend on at least a portion of a lateral side of the sole. 
     In certain embodiments, a shoe may comprise a sole as described above. 
     According to certain embodiments of the present invention, a sole for a shoe comprises a first partial region and a second partial region, a cushioning element arranged within at least a portion of the first partial region and within at least a portion of the second partial region, and a protection element arranged within at least a portion of the first partial region and within at least a portion of the second partial region, wherein the cushioning element comprises a greater stiffness in the first partial region than in the second partial region, and wherein the protection element comprises a plurality of openings or regions of thinner material in the first partial region and in the second partial region, wherein on average, the plurality of openings or the regions of thinner material in the second partial region occupy a larger area than the plurality of openings or the regions of thinner material in the first partial region. 
     In some embodiments, the protection element comprises the plurality of openings and the regions of thinner material in the second partial region, wherein on average, the plurality of openings and the regions of thinner material in the second partial region occupy a larger area than the plurality of openings or the regions of thinner material in the first partial region. 
     The protection element may also comprise the plurality of openings and the regions of thinner material in the first partial region, wherein on average, the plurality of openings and the regions of thinner material in the second partial region occupy a larger area than the plurality of openings and the regions of thinner material in the first partial region. 
     According to some embodiments, the cushioning element comprises randomly arranged particles of an expanded material. The particles of the expanded material may be selected from a group consisting of expanded thermoplastic polyurethane particles and expanded polyether-block-amide particles. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the following detailed description, embodiments of the invention are described referring to the following figures: 
         FIGS. 1 a -1 c    are bottom views of shoe soles, according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  are bottom views of shoe soles, according to additional embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION 
     According to an aspect of the present invention this objective is at least partially solved by a sole for a shoe, in particular a sole for a sports shoe, which comprises a cushioning element and a protection element. Herein, the sole comprises a first partial region and a second partial region, wherein the cushioning element comprises a greater stiffness in the first partial region than in the second partial region and wherein, when treading down with the sole on a surface, the protection element comprises a larger contact area with the surface in the first partial region than in the second partial region. 
     The different phases of the gait cycle are characterized by different loads on the sole of a shoe and on the foot and the musculoskeletal system of a wearer. During impact of the foot, for example, large impact forces may act which should be cushioned and dampened by the sole to prevent overstraining of the musculoskeletal system and thus injuries. During push-off, on the other side, the foot should be supported to the effect that the force expended by the wearer may be transmitted to the surface as directly as possible in order to facilitate dynamic push-off. To this end, the sole should not be too “soft” in the sole region where push-off predominantly occurs and it should ensure a good grip on the surface and also sufficiently stabilize the foot of the wearer. 
     These requirements may be met by an inventive sole by having the first partial region with an increased stiffness and a larger contact area with the surface arranged in such a region of the sole in which push-off during the end of the gait cycle predominantly takes place, and thus facilitate dynamic push-off. For example, the first partial region could extend on the medial side of the sole for improved surface contact and stability due to the larger contact area with the surface. 
     The second partial region which comprises a smaller stiffness may, on the other hand, be arranged in the region of the sole in which the foot predominantly contacts the surface during impact, such that due to the reduced stiffness impact forces, may at least partially be absorbed or cushioned. For example, the second partial region could extend on the lateral side of the sole, where contact during impact of the foot with the surface may occur. 
     It is further mentioned that the first and second partial region, and potentially further partial regions, may also be arranged in a different manner according to the intended primary use of the shoe. Hence, by a suitable arrangement of the partial regions, the characteristics of the shoe and its sole may, e.g., be adapted to the sport-specific forces and gait characteristics typically encountered during the performance of such a sporting activity, and so forth. 
     In this regard, it is to be noted that during different phases of the gait cycle, the protection element may contact the surface in different regions while other regions are not in contact with the surface in a given phase and that the regions of the protection element which contact the surface may “move along the sole” during the gait cycle. Hence, when talking about the protection element having a larger contact area with the surface in the first partial region than in the second partial region when treading down with the sole on the surface, the entire summed-up contact area in which the sole contacts the surface in the first and second partial region, respectively, during a complete gait cycle may be implied. Or the contact area in which the sole contacts the surface in the first and second partial region, respectively, at a particular point in time during the gait cycle, e.g. at the point in time of impact with the surface or at the point in time of push-off with the foot, may be implied. 
     Reference is again made to the fact that the sole may also comprise more than two partial regions, between which the stiffness of the cushioning element and the contact area of the protection element varies, such that an even more precise controlling of the properties of the sole may be possible. The sole may, for example, comprise three such partial regions or four such partial regions and so forth. 
     In the following, further design possibilities and optional features of inventive soles are described which may be combined as desired by the skilled person to achieve the respective desired effect with regard to taking influence on the properties of the sole. 
     The protection element may, for example, be arranged beneath the cushioning element and directly at the cushioning element. 
     In some embodiments, this arrangement allows providing a compact and structurally uncomplicated sole. In addition, by arranging the protection element directly at the cushioning element, a particularly beneficial interplay between the cushioning element and the protection element may be achieved, such that the above described desired influence on the properties of the different partial regions of the sole may be exerted in a particularly effective manner. 
     In certain embodiments, the cushioning element may be provided as a midsole or part of a midsole. Also, the protection element may be provided as an outsole or part of an outsole. 
     Such embodiments may allow doing without additional components of the sole, because a midsole and an outsole are usually planned for the construction of the sole, in particular in the case of sports shoes, anyhow. It is, in particular, possible that the cushioning element forms the midsole whereas the protection element forms the outsole. If, in this case, the outsole is additionally arranged beneath and directly at the midsole, a particularly simple, compact, and inexpensively manufactured sole construction may result. 
     In principle, however, it is also possible that the midsole and/or the outsole comprise further components or elements. For example, the midsole may comprise a frame at the edge of the sole or similar elements. 
     It is further possible that the cushioning element comprises a greater density in the first partial region than in the second partial region. 
     A greater density of the cushioning element in the first partial region may automatically lead to a greater stiffness in the first partial region, and at the same time have the advantage that the density of the cushioning element in the first and second partial region, respectively, may be controlled during the manufacture in a particularly easy manner, e.g. by the filling height of the mold used for the manufacture in the respective parts of the mold or a suitable variation of the base material used for the manufacture. 
     In some embodiments, the cushioning element is provided as one integral piece. 
     In further embodiments, the cushioning element comprises two (or more) separate partial elements, wherein the first partial element is at least predominantly arranged in the first partial region of the sole and the second partial element is at least predominantly arranged in the second partial region of the sole. 
     This may facilitate manufacture of the cushioning element and allow providing cushioning elements which may not be manufactured integrally or only with highly increased manufacturing effort. When talking about the first partial element being “at least predominantly” arranged in the first partial region of the sole, this may, for example, mean that the first partial element is arranged by more than 50%, by more than 80%, or by more than 90% (e.g. relating to the entire area that is occupied by the first partial element within the sole) within the first partial region, but may also extend to some small percentage e.g. into the second partial region or into another (partial) region of the sole. Similar statements also apply to the second partial region. 
     Herein, it is possible that the first partial element and the second partial element are connected to each other by additional means, e.g. by gluing, welding, fusing or some other fastening method, e.g. in regions in which the first and the second partial element touch each other. Or the first partial element and the second partial element do not comprise an integral bond and are secured in their position relative to one another by the protection element/the outsole and potentially further parts of the sole like, for example, an insole. 
     It is, in particular, possible that the cushioning element comprises randomly arranged particles of an expanded material, in particular expanded thermoplastic polyurethane (“eTPU”) or expanded polyether-block-amide (“ePEBA”). 
     Cushioning elements made from randomly arranged particles of an expanded material, in particular randomly arranged particles of eTPU and/or ePEBA, which may e.g. be fused together at their surfaces, are characterized by a particularly high energy return of the energy that is expended for the deformation of the sole during a gait cycle to the foot of a wearer and can therefore, for example, support performance and endurance of the wearer. 
     The cushioning element may further comprise a reinforcing element. 
     Such a reinforcing element can further serve the purpose of locally influencing the properties of the sole, in particular of providing the sole with additional stability in individual regions. In some embodiments, a reinforcing element may be included in the region of the arch of the foot, in particular on the medial side of the arch of the foot e.g. in order to prevent overpronation of the foot during treading down and further such things. Such a reinforcing element may comprise a plastic material, a foil-like material, a textile material, a material constructed from the just-mentioned materials in a layered construction, and so forth. 
     Herein, it is possible that the reinforcing element extends both into the first partial region of the sole as well as into the second partial region of the sole. 
     In this way, a coupling effect can be achieved, in particular for the case of a cushioning element made from separately manufactured partial elements, such that the sole provides a continuous wearing sensation during a gait cycle without step-like changes in the properties of the sole that disturb the wearing comfort. 
     The protection element may be harder to deform, in particular stiffer with respect to bending, in the first partial region than in the second partial region. It may also restrict the stretch of the cushioning element, in particular the stretch of a midsole, according to the stability that is desirable for a given sole. 
     In this way, the protection element may also contribute to the sole being generally more stable in the first partial region and thus complement and support the design of the cushioning element in this regard. 
     It is possible that the protection element comprises a plurality of openings and/or regions of thinner material—e.g. in comparison with the thickness of the protection element in the remainder of the second partial region—in the second partial region. 
     The provision of such openings and/or regions of thinner material may reduce the bending stiffness in the second partial region by way of a simple construction. At the same time weight may be saved and a profiling of the protection element, in particular if it is provided as an outsole, may be achieved. 
     In some embodiments, the protection element comprises a plurality of openings and/or regions of thinner material—e.g. in comparison with the thickness of the protection element in the remainder of the first partial region—also in the first partial region. On average the openings and/or regions of thinner material in the second partial region may occupy a larger area than the openings and/or regions of thinner material in the first partial region. 
     For the reason of conciseness, the following discussion will focus on the case of openings in the protection element in the first or second partial region, respectively. However, all statements, as far as applicable, also apply to the case of regions of thinner material in the first or second partial region, respectively. 
     By providing openings also in the first partial region, e.g. a reduction in weight or a profiling may also be achieved in the first partial region, wherein the increased bending stiffness in the first partial region may be ensured by the fact that the openings in the first partial region occupy on average a smaller area than the openings in the second partial region. The average area of the openings in the first partial region and the second partial region, respectively, may, for example, be determined by choosing a given number of openings in the first partial region and in the second partial region, e.g. 5 openings each or 10 openings each and so forth, whose average area is determined. Or, for example, the area of all openings present in the first partial region and the second partial region, respectively, is averaged. 
     In some embodiments, individual openings in the first partial region occupy a larger area than individual openings in the second partial region. Since the areas of the openings in the first partial region are, however, on average smaller than the areas of the openings in the second partial region, the protection element is stiffer with respect to bending in the first partial region than in the second partial region, at least averaged over the respective two partial regions. 
     In addition, the protection element may comprise a plurality of first protrusions in the first partial region which comprise a flattened surface. 
     Via the flattened surface of the first protrusions, the contact area with the surface when treading down with the sole may be increased in comparison to protrusions with non-flattened surfaces and hence, for example, the grip of the sole in the first partial region may be increased. Simultaneously, through the gaps between the first protrusions, a profiling of the sole may be achieved, in particular if the protection element is provided as an outsole, such that a good grip may also be ensured, for example, on wet surface. 
     The protection element may further comprise a plurality of second protrusions in the second partial region which, when treading down with the sole on the surface, at least partially press or penetrate into the cushioning element. 
     To this end, the second protrusions can, for example, be provided (approximately) cone-shaped or pyramid-shaped and so forth, and they may thus allow a good anchoring of the sole in the surface. As already mentioned above, the second partial region of the sole may, for example, be arranged in the region of the sole in which impact of the foot predominantly occurs, such that via the shape of the second protrusions and the at least partial penetration into the cushioning element, the foot of the wearer is tightly anchored in the surface during impact such that a slipping and resulting injuries can be avoided. In addition, a penetration of the second protrusions into the material of the cushioning element in the second partial region may also serve the purpose of locally influencing the shearing capabilities of the cushioning element since the material of the cushioning element is more strongly compressed in places where the second protrusions penetrate into the material of the cushioning element and hence becomes e.g. more resistant to shearing. 
     In an inventive sole, the first partial region may, in particular, extend on the medial side of the sole. Furthermore, the second partial region may extend on the lateral side of the sole. 
     With most people, impact of the foot during a typical gait cycle occurs in the lateral region of the heel and the contact area of the foot with the surface moves during the gait cycle across the midfoot region to the medial region of the forefoot where push-off of the foot occurs. By the arrangement of the first partial region on the medial side of the sole, dynamic push-off can hence be facilitated as explained above, while the arrangement of the second partial region on the lateral side may at least partially absorb or alleviate the impact forces during impact in the lateral heel region. 
     Other arrangements of the first and the second partial regions as well as potential further partial regions are, however, also possible. For example, the first partial region may also constitute the forefoot region of the sole whereas the second partial region constitutes the heel region of the sole. In general, different arrangements of the partial regions on the medial or the lateral side, respectively, and in the forefoot region as well as in the midfoot region and/or the heel region of the sole are envisioned. 
     A further aspect of the present invention is given by a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, with an inventive sole. In this regard, it is possible within the scope of the invention to arbitrarily combine the described design options and optional features of such an inventive sole, and it is also possible to omit certain aspects if these seem dispensable for the respective shoe or the respective sole. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The subject matter of embodiments of the present invention is described here with specificity to meet statutory requirements, but this description is not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the claims. The claimed subject matter may be embodied in other ways, may include different elements or steps, and may be used in conjunction with other existing or future technologies. This description should not be interpreted as implying any particular order or arrangement among or between various steps or elements except when the order of individual steps or arrangement of elements is explicitly described. 
     Certain embodiments of the invention are described in the following detailed description with reference to shoe soles for sports shoes, in particular running shoes. It is, however, emphasized that the present invention is not limited to this. Rather, the present invention may also be employed in soles for other kinds of shoes, in particular soles for hiking shoes, leisure shoes, street shoes, basketball shoes and so forth. 
       FIGS. 1 a - c    show certain embodiments of an inventive shoe sole  100 . The sole  100  may, in particular, be employed in a sports shoe, for example a running shoe. The sole  100  shown here is intended for the left foot of a wearer. 
     The sole  100  comprises a cushioning element  110 , which in the present case is provided as a midsole  110 . Furthermore, the sole  100  comprises a protection element  120 , which in the present case is provided as an outsole  120 . Generally speaking, in some embodiments, the cushioning element  110  may only constitute a part of a midsole and/or the protection element  120  only constitutes a part of an outsole. The case shown here, in which the cushioning elements  110  constitutes the complete midsole  110  and the protection element  120  constitutes the complete outsole  120 , allows providing a particularly compact and easily manufactured sole  100 . Herein, the outsole  120  is arranged beneath and directly at the midsole  110 , such that both elements  110  and  120  of the sole  100  beneficially complement each other in their respective contributions to the desired controlling of the properties of the sole. 
     To achieve this desired controlling, the sole  100  comprises a first partial region  105  and a second partial region  108 . For the sole  100  shown here, the first partial region  105  extends on the medial part of the sole  100  and the second partial region  108  extends on the lateral part of the sole  100 , as may be gathered e.g. from  FIG. 1   a.    
     As already mentioned above, however, in different embodiments of inventive soles (not shown), more than two partial regions may be present and/or the partial regions may be arranged in a different manner. 
     In the first partial region  105  on the medial side of the sole  100 , the midsole  110  may comprise a greater stiffness than in the second partial region  108  on the lateral side of the sole  100 . In the case shown here, the midsole  110  is provided as one integral piece. The different stiffnesses of the midsole  110  in the first partial region  105  and the second partial region  108  of the sole  100  may be achieved by different densities of the midsole  110  in the first partial region  105  and the second partial region  108  of the sole  100  and/or the different stiffnesses may be adjusted by a corresponding choice of the base material used for the manufacture in the respective partial regions, and so forth. In particular, the midsole  110  may comprise a greater density in the first partial region  105  than in the second partial region  108 . 
     The midsole  110  may, in particular, be integrally manufactured from randomly arranged particles of expanded thermoplastic polyurethane (“eTPU”), which are fused together at their surfaces. However, randomly arranged particles from expanded polyamide (“ePA”) and/or expanded polyether-block-amide (“ePEBA”), for example, which are fused together at their surfaces, are also envisioned. Moreover, for example by adjusting the filling height of a mold used for the manufacture of the midsole  110 , the amount of heat transferred to the particles, the amount of pressure exerted on the particles in the mold, or the duration of the particle processing in the different parts of the mold corresponding to the first partial region  105  and the second partial region  108 , respectively, the stiffness of the manufactured midsole  110  in the first partial region  105  and the second partial region  108 , respectively, may be controlled. 
     In certain embodiments, the midsole  110  further comprises a reinforcing element  130 . In the present case, it serves the stabilization of the sole  100  in the region of the foot arch. The reinforcing element  130  extends both into the first partial region  105  of the sole  100 , as well as into the second partial region  108  of the sole  100 . The reinforcing element  130  may comprise a plastic material, a textile material, a foil-like material, etc., and it may furthermore also comprise a cavity for receiving an electronic component and so forth. 
     When treading down with the sole  100  on a surface, the outsole  120  may comprise a larger contact area with the surface in the first partial region  105  on the medial side of the sole  100  than in the second partial region  108  on the lateral side of the sole  100 . In the present case, this is achieved by the fact that the outsole  120  comprises a plurality of first protrusions  145  in the first partial region  105  of the sole  100 , some or all of which may comprise a flattened surface. In contrast, in the second partial region  108  of the sole  100 , the outsole  120  comprises a plurality of second protrusions  148  which provide a smaller contact area with the surface, as may e.g. be particularly clearly seen in  FIG. 1   b.  Because the design of the first protrusions  145  and the second protrusions  148  with respect to the contact area with the surface provided by them does not substantially change along the longitudinal axis of the sole  100 , at least during most of the time during a gait cycle, the sole comprises a larger contact area with the surface in the first partial region  105  than in the second partial region  108 . In any case, the contact area of the sole  100  with the surface summed up over a complete gait cycle may be larger in the first partial region  105  than in the second partial region  108 . 
     It is further to be noted that in the sole  100  shown here, the contact area with the surface provided by the first protrusions  145  and the second protrusions  148 , respectively, decreases continuously in a direction from the medial side of the sole  100  to the lateral side of the sole  100 , as may e.g. clearly gathered from  FIGS. 1 a    and  1   b,  such that a particularly soft transition of the characteristics of the sole during the gait cycle may be effected. 
     In connection with the lower stiffness of the midsole  110  in the second partial region  108  of the sole  100 , the “pointed” design of the second protrusions  148  can have the further effect that, when treading down with the sole  100  on the surface, the second protrusions  148  at least partially penetrate into the material of the midsole  110 . This can lead to a particularly good anchoring of the sole  100  on the surface, for example during impact in the lateral heel region, such that a slipping of the foot under the high impact forces during impact on the surface can be avoided. 
     Moreover, the penetration of the second protrusions  148  into the material of the midsole  110  in the second partial region  108  can also serve the purpose of locally influencing the shearing capability of the midsole  110  since in the regions where the second protrusions  148  penetrate into the material of the midsole  110  the material of the midsole  110  is more strongly compressed and therefore is e.g. more resistant to shearing. 
     To further facilitate the interplay between the midsole  110  and the outsole  120  in the two partial regions  105  and  108  of the sole  100  as already described several times, the outsole  120  may be provided such that in the first partial region  105 , it is harder to deform and in particular stiffer with regard to bending than in the second partial region  108 . The outsole  120  may further selectively control or limit the stretch or shearing motions within the midsole  110 . In the present case, this is achieved by the fact that the outsole  120  comprises a plurality of openings  125  in the first partial region  105  and it comprises a plurality of openings  128  in the second partial region  108 . Herein, the openings  128  in the second partial region  108  occupy on average a larger area than the openings  125  in the first partial region  105 , as is clearly visible in Figs. la-c. The openings  125  in the first partial region  105  may, for example, also be omitted. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, instead of the openings  125  or  128 , the outsole  120  is provided with regions of thinner material (e.g. in comparison with the thickness of the outsole  120  in the remaining areas, in particular in the areas surrounding the regions of thinner material) there. 
       FIG. 2  shows additional embodiments of an inventive sole  200 , which is a modification of the sole  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 a   - c.  More precisely, the sole  200  differs from the sole  100  by the construction of its midsole  210 . Regarding the remaining elements and features of the sole  200 , the statements and explanations put forth with respect to the sole  100  equally apply and will therefore not be discussed again for the sake of conciseness. 
     For the sole  200 , its midsole  210  comprises two separate partial elements  215  and  218 , as can be gathered from  FIG. 2 , wherein the first partial element  215  is predominantly arranged in the first partial region  105  of the sole  200  and the second partial element  218  is predominantly arranged in the second partial region  108  of the sole  200 , as will become apparent, e.g., from a comparison with  FIG. 1 a    (again, the first partial region and the second partial region of the sole  200  are the same as the first partial region  105  and the second partial region  108  of the sole  100  and will therefore be referenced by the same reference numerals). The varying stiffness of the two partial elements  215  and  218 , and therefore the varying stiffness of the midsole  210  in the first partial region  105  and the second partial region  108 , is achieved by the fact that the first partial element  215  comprises a greater density than the second partial element  218 . Both partial elements  215  and  218  are manufactured from randomly arranged particles of eTPU which are fused together at their surfaces. However, e.g. randomly arranged particles from ePA and/or ePEBA, which are fused together at their surfaces, are also envisioned. 
     The two separate partial elements  215  and  218  may not be integrally bonded to each other. Rather, the two partial elements  215  and  218  may be secured in their position relative to one another by the outsole  120  in the assembled state of the sole  200 . In certain embodiments, the two partial elements  215  and  218  may be integrally bonded to each other, for example glued, welded or fused, to improve stability and durability of the sole  200 . 
     The midsole  210  also comprises a reinforcing element  230 . It may serve the stabilization of the sole  200  in the region of the foot arch, and it may further serve to couple the first partial element  215  and the second partial element  218  together to a certain degree. To this end, the reinforcing element  230  extends both into the first partial element  215 , and hence into the first partial region  105  of the sole  200 , as well as into the second partial element  218 , and hence into the second partial region  108  of the sole  200 . 
     In the following, further examples are described to facilitate the understanding of the invention: 
     1. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, comprising:
         a. a cushioning element ( 110 ;  210 ); and   b. a protection element ( 120 ), wherein   c. the sole ( 100 ;  200 ) comprises a first partial region ( 105 ) and a second partial region ( 108 ); wherein   d. the cushioning element ( 110 ;  210 ) comprises a greater stiffness in the first partial region ( 105 ) than in the second partial region ( 108 ), and wherein   e. when treading down with the sole ( 100 ;  200 ) on a surface, the protection element ( 120 ) comprises a larger contact area with the surface in the first partial region ( 105 ) than in the second partial region ( 108 ).       

     2. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to the preceding example, wherein the protection element ( 120 ) is arranged beneath the cushioning element ( 110 ;  210 ) and directly at the cushioning element ( 110 ;  210 ). 
     3. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the cushioning element ( 110 ;  210 ) is provided as a midsole ( 110 ;  210 ) or part of a midsole ( 110 ;  210 ). 
     4. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the protection element ( 120 ) is provided as an outsole ( 120 ) or part of an outsole ( 120 ). 
     5. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the cushioning element ( 110 ;  210 ) comprises are greater density in the first partial region ( 105 ) than in the second partial region ( 108 ). 
     6. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the cushioning element ( 110 ;  210 ) comprises randomly arranged particles of an expanded material, in particular expanded thermoplastic polyurethane or expanded polyether-block-amide. 
     7. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the cushioning element ( 110 ;  210 ) further comprises a reinforcing element ( 130 ;  230 ). 
     8. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to the preceding example, wherein the reinforcing element ( 130 ;  230 ) extends both into the first partial region ( 105 ) of the sole ( 100 ;  200 ) as well as into the second partial region ( 108 ) of the sole ( 100 ;  200 ). 
     9. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the protection element ( 120 ) is harder to deform, in particular stiffer with respect to bending, in the first partial region ( 105 ) than in the second partial region ( 108 ). 
     10. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the protection element ( 120 ) comprises a plurality of openings ( 128 ) and/or regions of thinner material in the second partial region ( 108 ). 
     11. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to the preceding example, wherein the protection element ( 120 ) comprises a plurality of openings ( 125 ) and/or regions of thinner material also in the first partial region ( 105 ) and wherein on average the openings ( 128 ) and/or regions of thinner material in the second partial region ( 108 ) occupy a larger area than the openings ( 125 ) and/or regions of thinner material in the first partial region ( 105 ). 
     12. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the protection element ( 120 ) comprises a plurality of first protrusions ( 145 ) in the first partial region ( 105 ) which comprise a flattened surface. 
     13. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the protection element ( 120 ) comprises a plurality of second protrusions ( 148 ) in the second partial region ( 108 ) which, when treading down with the sole ( 100 ;  200 ) on the surface, at least partially penetrate into the cushioning element ( 110 ;  210 ). 
     14. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the first partial region ( 105 ) extends on the medial side of the sole ( 100 ;  200 ). 
     15. Sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the second partial region ( 108 ) extends on the lateral side of the sole ( 100 ;  200 ). 
     16. Shoe, in particular sports shoe, with a sole ( 100 ;  200 ) according to one of the preceding examples 1-15. 
     Different arrangements of the components depicted in the drawings or described above, as well as components and steps not shown or described are possible. Similarly, some features and sub-combinations are useful and may be employed without reference to other features and sub-combinations. Embodiments of the invention have been described for illustrative and not restrictive purposes, and alternative embodiments will become apparent to readers of this patent. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above or depicted in the drawings, and various embodiments and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the claims below.