Patent Publication Number: US-2022226068-A1

Title: Tissue localization device and method of use thereof

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of, claims the benefit of and priority to, previously filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/159,423 entitled “TISSUE LOCALIZATION MARKER WITH D-SHAPED CROSS-SECTION” filed on Oct. 12, 2018, the subject matter of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY 
     The present disclosure relates generally to the field of tissue localization and, more specifically, to a tissue localization device for marking or bounding a tissue mass. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Despite the advances made in technologies such as medical imaging to assist the physician in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with possible abnormal tissue growth such as cancer, it is still often necessary to physically identify abnormal tissue regions for subsequent surgical removal. One disease for which this approach is a critical tool is breast cancer. 
     In the detection and treatment of breast cancer, open or excisional biopsies are often advisable when a suspicious tissue mass may need to be removed. In addition, lumpectomy or partial mastectomy may be performed when the tissue mass is cancerous as part of breast conservation therapy (BCT). One technique that is frequently employed to physically identify the abnormal tissue region to be removed is called wire localization. Wire localizations often require a radiologist to manually insert a wire that contains one or more hooks on its distal end into the breast of the patient through a needle and then position the hook region of the wire so that the end of the wire resides within or is adjacent to the suspect tissue requiring surgical removal. The needle is removed and the wire is left in the tissue and the patient is then transferred to the operating room, typically several hours later, to have the suspect or target tissue or lesion removed by a surgeon. 
     However, such wires are often inaccurately placed, and once placed they are prone to migration, and cannot be easily adjusted once they have exited the needle. Moreover, even if the wire has been properly placed, the surgeon often cannot intraoperatively identify the tip of the wire, which can result in the surgeon removing a larger portion of tissue than is necessary to optimize the chances for cancer-free margins of the tissue specimen that is removed. Also, if the suspect tissue mass is not found at the end of the wire, the surgeon often ends up cutting or removing non-afflicted tissue without removing the lesion. In addition, after placement but before the surgical procedure, the wire protrudes stiffly from the body and can become dislodged or migrate to a position remote from the originally demarcated region of identified tissue. While the localization wire resides in the patient awaiting surgery, the wire can be uncomfortable and cannot be adequately secured in a manner that would permit the patient to sleep overnight without discomfort or without a high risk of dislodgement. Because of these risks associated with migration and patient discomfort, the patient must proceed with the surgical removal of the lesion the same day as the placement of the localization wire. In addition, logistical delays between placement of the wire and eventual surgical excision can exceed several hours, leading to additional discomfort and risk of migration. 
     Another drawback of current localization wires is the need to pass the needle and wire through the lesion leading to potential transmission of cancer cells, sometimes referred to as needle tract seeding. 
     Therefore, a solution is needed that can accurately and removably place a localization or marking device into a patient to demarcate a region of tissue for subsequent surgical removal. Such a solution should reliably define the border of the tissue to be removed and reduce the risk of inadvertent migration, even over a period of hours or days. 
     SUMMARY 
     Tissue localization devices and methods of localizing tissue using tissue localization devices are disclosed. The tissue localization device can include a delivery needle having a needle lumen, a localization element slidably translatable within the needle lumen, and a liner in the needle lumen. The localization element can be detachable from the delivery needle. The liner can be slidably translatable relative to the needle lumen and can be located radially between the needle lumen and at least part of the localization element. 
     The localization element can have an echogenic surface treatment. The echogenic surface treatment can be a surface roughness, a pattern cut into a surface of the localization element, or combinations thereof. 
     The tissue localization device can include a handle with a slidable delivery control and a pusher element partially within the needle lumen. The delivery needle can extend from the handle. 
     The localization element can be detachably held by the pusher element. The localization element can be detachable from the pusher element in response to a translation of the slidable delivery control in a first longitudinal direction. The localization element can be releasable from the liner when a distal end of the pusher element is translated longitudinally beyond the liner. 
     The slidable delivery control can have a first interface surface and a second interface surface. The handle can have a proximal end and a distal end. The first interface surface can be upwardly concave when viewed from the proximal end to the distal end and the second interface surface can be upwardly concave when viewed from the distal end to the proximal end. 
     The handle can have a handle dorsal side and a handle ventral side opposite the handle dorsal side. The localization element can be configured to curve in a direction of the handle dorsal side when deployed. The handle can have an elongate slot along the handle dorsal side. The slidable delivery control can be coupled to the pusher element via a fastener extending through the elongate slot. 
     The pusher element can have or be defined by a delivery port at a distal end of the pusher element. At least part of the localization element can be detachably held within the delivery port when the localization element is within the needle lumen. The pusher element can have a pusher dorsal side, a pusher ventral side, and a pusher distal end. The pusher distal end can be sloped and form an obtuse angle with the pusher ventral side. 
     The tissue localization device can include a spring coupled to a proximal end of the liner. The spring can be configured to be at least partially compressed when the pusher element is translated toward a distal end of the delivery needle relative to the liner in response to a translation of the slidable delivery control in the first longitudinal direction. The tissue localization device can also have a tracking wire coupled to the localization element. At least a segment of the tracking wire can be configured to be coiled or tied into a loop. 
     Furthermore, the tissue localization device can include a delivery needle having a needle lumen, a pusher element slidably translatable within the needle lumen, and a localization element having an interlocking framework or interlocking portion. The pusher element can have or be defined by a delivery port. The interlocking framework can be interlockable with the delivery port when at least part of the pusher element resides within the needle lumen. The interlocking framework can be releasable from the delivery port when the delivery port exits the needle lumen. 
     The interlocking framework of the localization element can include an eyelet frame and a shoulder portion. The eyelet frame can be detachably positioned within the delivery port when the localization element is within the needle lumen. 
     Furthermore, the tissue localization device can include a handle with a slidable delivery control and a delivery needle extending out from the handle. The delivery needle can have a needle lumen and a pusher element slidably translatable and partially within the needle lumen. The tissue localization device can also include a localization element detachably held by the pusher element when in the needle lumen. 
     The pusher element can have a pusher dorsal side and a pusher ventral side. The needle lumen can have a lumen dorsal surface defining an upper portion or top half of the needle lumen and a lumen ventral surface defining a lower portion or bottom half of the needle lumen. The pusher element can also have a pusher proximal end and a pusher distal end opposite the pusher proximal end. The pusher distal end can be sloped and form an obtuse angle with the pusher ventral side. The obtuse angle formed by the pusher distal end and the pusher ventral side can be seen when viewed from a lateral side of the tissue localization device. The pusher distal end can also form an acute angle with the pusher dorsal side when viewed from the lateral side of the tissue localization device. 
     At least part of the localization element can be configured to exit the delivery needle in response to a translation of the slidable delivery control in a first longitudinal direction. The localization element can be configured to retract into the delivery needle in response to a translation of the slidable delivery control in a second longitudinal direction opposite the first longitudinal direction. The localization element can be retracted back into the delivery needle after at least a part of the localization element is deployed out of the delivery needle. 
     The localization element can be constrained into a first configuration when within the needle lumen. The localization element can transform into a second configuration when deployed out of the delivery needle. The second configuration can be a circular shape. The second configuration can also be a half-circle shape, a crescent shape, a falciform shape, or a sickle-shape. The localization element can have an element distal end with one sharpened element tip. The localization element can also have at least two sharpened element tips. The two sharpened element tips can branch out or diverge at an angle away from one another. The two sharpened element tips can also furcate or branch out. The localization element can have an echogenic surface treatment. The echogenic surface treatment can be a surface roughness, a pattern cut into a surface of the localization element, or combinations thereof. 
     The localization element can have a curvature plane. The entire localization element can be substantially within the curvature plane. In other variations, at least part of the localization element can be curved in alignment with the curvature plane and another part of the localization element can curve out of the curvature plane. The localization element can curve into a complete or partial helix. 
     The tissue localization device can also have a liner partially encasing the pusher element. The liner can be positioned in between a portion of the pusher element and the needle lumen. A portion of the localization element can be encased by the pusher element and the liner. The liner can be made from a metallic material a polymer such as a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), or combinations thereof. The liner can be a hollow tube. In other variations, the liner can have a dorsal liner and a ventral liner. The dorsal liner can be positioned in between the pusher dorsal side and the lumen dorsal surface. The ventral liner casing can be positioned in between the pusher ventral side and the lumen ventral surface. 
     The tissue localization device can include a spring coupled to a proximal end of the liner. The spring can be configured to be at least partially compressed when the pusher element is translated toward a distal end of the delivery needle relative to the liner in response to a translation of the slidable delivery control in the first longitudinal direction. 
     The tissue localization device can also include a tracking wire coupled to the localization element. The tracking wire can be a stainless steel wire covered by a polymer jacketing. The tracking wire can be a flexible wire capable of being coiled or tied into a loop. At least part of the tracking wire can be covered by a polymer jacketing. 
     The delivery needle can have a needle dorsal side and a needle ventral side opposite the needle dorsal side. The delivery needle can also have a beveled distal end. The localization element can be configured to exit or be deployed out of the beveled distal end. The beveled distal end can have a rounded edge along a proximal rim of the beveled distal end at a region that can be referred to as a heel. The beveled distal end can also have two lateral sharpened edges converging and meeting at a needle tip. The two lateral sharpened edges can be contiguous with or extend out from the rounded edge. 
     The delivery needle can have a needle dimple proximal to the rounded edge along the needle dorsal side. The needle dimple can have a dimple length and a dimple width. The needle dimple can be a substantially oval-shaped dimple. The needle dimple can be a concavity extending radially into the needle lumen and obstructing part of the needle lumen along the dimple length. 
     The pusher element can have a delivery port and the localization element can be detachably held within the delivery port. The delivery port can be a cutout along the pusher dorsal side. The localization element can be deployed out of the delivery needle when the pusher element pushes the localization element in the first longitudinal direction. The localization element can be configured to automatically detach or dislodge from the pusher element and the delivery needle when at least part of the delivery port is translated by the delivery control out of the delivery needle. The localization element can be retracted back into the delivery needle when at least a portion of the localization element is still within the delivery port and the pusher element pulls the localization element in the second longitudinal direction. 
     The delivery port can have a distal port side, a proximal port side, and a port base. The distal port side can form an acute angle with the port base when viewed from the lateral side of the tissue localization device. 
     The localization element can include a locator proximal end and a locator distal end opposite the locator proximal end. The locator distal end can include a sharpened locator tip. The locator proximal end can include an eyelet frame surrounding an aperture, a narrow portion, and a shoulder portion. The eyelet frame can be detachably positioned within the delivery port of the pusher element when the movement or translation of the localization element is controlled by the delivery control. The localization element can be deployed out of the delivery needle when the pusher element pushes the shoulder portion of the localization element in the first longitudinal direction. The localization element can be retracted back into the delivery needle when at least a portion of the eyelet frame is still within the delivery port and the pusher element pulls on a side of the eyelet frame, namely an eyelet shoulder, in the second longitudinal direction. 
     The localization element can be covered by a blue-oxide finish. The blue-oxide finish can reduce friction when the localization element is translated through the needle lumen and makes contact with an inner surface of the needle lumen. 
     The handle can have a handle distal end, a handle proximal end opposite the handle distal end, a handle dorsal side, a handle ventral side opposite the handle dorsal side, and an elongate slot defined along the handle dorsal side. The handle can also have a handle lumen. At least part of the pusher element can slidably translate within the handle lumen. The delivery control can be coupled to the pusher element via fasteners extending through the elongate slot. The tissue localization device can comprise a gear mechanism and the translation of the pusher element can be facilitated by the gear mechanism. 
     The delivery control can include a first interface surface and a second interface surface. The first interface surface can be upwardly concave when viewed from the proximal end to the distal end and the second interface surface can be upwardly concave when viewed from the distal end to the proximal end. The localization element can be translated in the first longitudinal direction when the first interface surface is pushed in the first longitudinal direction. The localization element can curve in a direction of the handle dorsal side when deployed out of the delivery needle. 
     The tracking wire can be coupled to the localization element at various points along the length of the localization element. The tracking wire can be coupled to the locator proximal end of the localization element. The tracking wire can be coupled or tied to the eyelet frame of the localization element. The tracking wire can be threaded through the aperture and tied to the eyelet frame. At least part of the tracking wire can be positioned within the delivery port when the eyelet frame is positioned within the delivery port. The tracking wire can be coupled to the localization element at a midpoint along the length of the localization element. 
     The tracking wire can have a wire distal segment and a wire proximal segment opposite the wire distal segment. At least part of the wire distal segment can be secured to part of another segment of the wire in between the wire distal segment and the wire proximal segment at an attachment site along the wire. The wire distal segment can be secured to part of another segment of the wire by adhesive or spot welding. For example, the attachment site can be a weld site. The segment of the wire in between the wire distal segment and the attachment site can be formed as a loop. A polymer jacketing can cover or ensheath at least part of the tracking wire. The polymer jacketing can also cover or ensheath the attachment site. The tracking wire can comprise or be composed of stainless steel. The polymer jacketing can be a heat-shrink polymer or tube wrapped around the tracking wire. 
     A method for using a tissue localization device is also disclosed. The method can include translating a localization element of the tissue localization device in a first longitudinal direction through a needle lumen of a delivery needle of the tissue localization device. The method can also involve deploying a localization element of the tissue localization device out of the delivery needle into tissue and retracting the localization element into the needle lumen after at least part of the localization element is deployed out of the delivery needle. The method can further involve repositioning the tip of the delivery needle and redeploying the localization element out of the delivery needle into the tissue. 
     The method can also include deploying the localization element out of the delivery needle into a curved configuration having a first curvature plane and redeploying the localization element out of the delivery needle into the curved configuration having a second curvature plane. The method can further include compressing a spring coupled to a proximal end of a liner partially encasing a pusher element coupled to the slidable delivery control prior to deploying the localization element out of the delivery needle. 
     The method can also include advancing a needle tip of the delivery needle into the tissue to an offset from a target tissue site of the tissue and positioning an ultrasound transducer on the tissue. The method can further include deploying the localization element out of the delivery needle by pushing a slidable delivery control of the tissue localization device in the first longitudinal direction along a handle of the tissue localization device and moving the ultrasound transducer on the tissue while translating the localization element. 
     A method of localizing tissue using a tissue localization device is also disclosed. The method can include positioning a delivery needle of the tissue localization device adjacent to or at a target tissue site and holding the handle of the tissue localization device using one hand of a user. The needle tip can be positioned at an offset location adjacent to a target tissue site. The offset location can be separated from the target tissue site by less than a difference between a diameter of the localization element and a diameter of the target tissue site. 
     The user can include a surgeon, a radiologist, or another health professional. The method can also include pushing a slidable delivery control of the tissue localization device in a first longitudinal direction using at least one finger of the same hand of the user. The method can include translating a localization element of the tissue localization device in the first longitudinal direction through a needle lumen of the delivery needle in response to the pushing of the slidable delivery control. 
     The method can also include deploying the localization element out of the delivery needle adjacent to or at the target tissue site. At least part of the localization element can curve when deployed. The method can also include at least partially compressing a spring coupled to a proximal end of a liner partially encasing the pusher element prior to deploying the localization element out of the delivery needle. 
     The method can further include retracting the localization element back into the delivery needle after at least part of the localization element is deployed out of the delivery needle. Retracting the localization element can include holding the handle of the tissue localization device using the one hand of the user and pulling the slidable delivery control in a second longitudinal direction using at least one finger of the same hand of the user. The second longitudinal direction can be opposite the first longitudinal direction. 
     The method can further include deploying the localization element out of the delivery needle into a curved configuration having a curvature plane. The localization element can radially surround at least a portion of a suspect tissue mass in the tissue of the patient such that the curvature plane of the localization element intersects at least a portion of the suspect tissue mass. In another variation, the localization element can be deployed adjacent or proximal to the suspect tissue mass such that the curvature plane does not intersect any portion of the suspect tissue mass. 
     The localization element can be coupled to a flexible tracking wire. At least a segment of the tracking wire can extend out of the tissue of the patient while a distal end of the tracking wire can be coupled to the localization element deployed within the tissue of the patient. The distal end of the tracking wire can swivel or rotate relative to the localization element when the localization element and the tracking wire are deployed out of the delivery needle and the pusher element. The distal end of the tracking wire can swivel or rotate into a deployed alignment. The deployed alignment can be a spatial positioning or alignment which is secant or non-tangent with respect to a curve formed by the deployed localization element. For example, the localization element can be deployed into a circular configuration and the distal end of the tracking wire can be aligned secant or non-tangent to the circular configuration. 
     The method can further include retracting a distal tip of the delivery needle away from the target tissue site. Retracting the distal tip of the delivery needle can expose the tracking wire coupled to the localization element. 
     The method can further include viewing a position of the localization element in tissue using an ultrasound transducer. The method can also include moving the ultrasound transducer on a tissue surface proximal to the target tissue site while deploying the localization element. 
     The method can include locating a suspect tissue mass in the patient by periodically pulling on the segment of a tracking wire extending outside the body of the patient. The method can further include palpating or feeling, with at least one finger of a user, an outer tissue layer (e.g., a dermis) above the target tissue site while pulling on the segment of the tracking wire extending outside the body of the patient. The method can further include locating a suspect tissue mass within the tissue of the patient based on a tension exhibited by the tracking wire being pulled and a movement felt by the at least one finger of the user. 
     The method can further include coiling the segment of the tracking wire extending out of the tissue of the patient tracking wire into a loop and adhering (e.g., with Tegaderm™ or other biocompatible adhesives or dressings) or otherwise securing the tracking wire extending outside the body of the patient to the dermis or patient dressing of the patient. 
     In another variation, a tissue localization device can include a handle having a rotatable delivery control, a delivery needle extending out from the handle, and a localization element configured to be deployed out of the delivery needle when the delivery control is rotated in a first rotational direction. The localization element can be in a first configuration when within the delivery needle. The localization element can transform into a second configuration when deployed out of the delivery needle. A part of the localization element can be detachably held by a distal end of a pusher element configured to longitudinally translate within the delivery needle. The tissue localization device can further include a tracking wire coupled to the localization element. 
     The localization element can be retracted into the delivery needle when the rotatable delivery control is rotated in a second rotational direction. The rotatable delivery control can include a knob. 
     The handle can include an orientation arch defined along a handle dorsal side. The orientation arch can have a curvature and the localization element can be configured to curve in a direction matching the curvature of the orientation arch when deployed. The handle can have a handle lumen. The tissue localization device can include a drive pipe within the handle lumen. The drive pipe can be configured to rotate within the handle lumen in response to a rotation of the rotatable delivery control. The drive pipe can have a pipe lumen surrounding a car element. 
     The car element can be coupled to the pusher element. The car element can be configured to translate longitudinally within the pipe lumen of the drive pipe in response to the rotation of the drive pipe. 
     The tissue localization device can further include a sound-generating element. The sound-generating element can be configured to produce sound when at least part of the localization element exits or is deployed out of the delivery needle. The sound-generating element can include a spring. 
     The tissue localization device can also include a tactile feedback-generating element. The tactile feedback-generating element can be configured to produce tactile feedback at least part of the time when the localization element exits or is being deployed out of the delivery needle. 
     In another variation, a method of localizing tissue using a tissue localization device includes positioning a delivery needle of the tissue localization device adjacent to or at a target tissue site. The method can also include rotating a rotatable delivery control of the tissue localization device in a first rotational direction and translating a localization element of the tissue localization device in a first longitudinal direction through a needle lumen of the delivery needle in response to the rotation of the rotatable delivery control. Translating the localization element in the first longitudinal direction further includes translating a pusher element within a drive pipe of the tissue localization device. 
     The method can further include deploying the localization element out of the delivery needle adjacent to or at the target tissue site in response to the rotation of the rotatable delivery control. The method can also involve retracting a distal tip of the delivery needle away from the target tissue site and exposing a tracking wire coupled to the localization element while retracting the distal tip of the delivery needle. 
     The method can further include holding a handle of the tissue localization device using one hand of a user and rotating the rotatable delivery control in the first rotational direction using at least one finger of the same hand of the user. 
     The method can also include retracting the localization element into the delivery needle after at least part of the localization element is deployed out of the delivery needle. The localization element can be retracted by holding a handle of the tissue localization device using one hand of a user and rotating the rotatable delivery control in a second rotational direction using at least one finger of the same hand of the user. 
     The method can further include creating tactile feedback using a tactile feedback-generating element of the tissue localization device when the localization element is partially deployed out of a distal tip of the delivery needle. The method can also include generating a sound using a sound-generating element of the tissue localization device when the localization element is partially deployed out of a distal tip of the delivery needle. 
     In another variation, a method for localizing tissue using a tissue localization device including a delivery needle comprises advancing, using one hand, a needle tip of the delivery needle of the tissue localization device into a tissue at an offset from a target tissue site of the tissue. The method can further include positioning, using another hand, an ultrasound transducer proximal to the target tissue site on a tissue surface of the tissue. The method can also include deploying a localization element out of the delivery needle into the tissue. The method can further include moving the ultrasound transducer on the tissue surface while deploying the localization element. 
     A tissue localization system is also disclosed. The tissue localization system can include a tissue localization device configured to be held by only one hand of a user and an ultrasound transducer configured to be held by only one hand of a user and moved on a surface of the tissue while the localization element is deployed into the tissue. The tissue localization device can include a handle with a slidable delivery control, a delivery needle extending from the handle, and a pusher element coupled to the slidable delivery control. The tissue localization device of the tissue localization system can also include a localization element detachably held by the pusher element. The pusher element can be configured to deploy at least part of the localization element from the delivery needle into a tissue in response to a translation of the slidable delivery control. 
     A tracking wire to locate a marked target tissue site is also disclosed. The tracking wire can include a wire having a wire distal segment and a wire proximal segment opposite the wire distal segment. At least part of the wire distal segment can be secured to a part of another segment of the wire in between the wire distal segment and the wire proximal segment at an attachment site along the wire. The segment of the wire in between the wire distal segment and the attachment site can be formed as a loop. The tracking wire can also include a polymer jacketing covering at least part of the wire. The attachment site can be covered by the polymer jacketing. 
     The wire can be made of stainless steel. At least a segment of the tracking wire can be configured to be deployed into the tissue of a patient. At least a segment of the tracking wire in between the wire distal segment and the wire proximal segment can be configured to be tied into a knot around a portion of a localization element. 
     A method of preparing a tissue localization assembly is also disclosed. The method can include threading a wire distal segment of a wire through an aperture of a localization element. The method can also include securing at least part of the wire distal segment to part of another segment of the wire in between the wire distal segment and the wire proximal segment at an attachment site along the wire. The segment of the wire in between the wire distal segment and the attachment site can form a loop. The method can further include covering at least part of the wire with a polymer jacketing. 
     The method can also include covering the attachment site with the polymer jacketing. The method can further include inserting a segment of the wire into a lumen of a pusher element of a tissue localization device. The method can also involve positioning at least a part of the localization element coupled to the wire into a delivery port of the pusher element. The method can further include slidably translating the pusher element into a lumen of a delivery needle of the tissue localization device. 
     A localization marker is disclosed comprising a first configuration when constrained within a lumen of a delivery device and a second configuration when deployed outside of the lumen. The localization marker can be configured to curl into a partial loop when in the second configuration. A cross-section of the localization marker can be substantially D-shaped. The cross-section can be a transverse cross-section. 
     The localization marker can comprise a distal portion, a proximal portion, and an intermediate portion in between the distal portion and the proximal portion. The substantially D-shaped cross-section can be a cross-section of the intermediate portion. The intermediate portion can be an elongate strip when the localization marker is in the first configuration. 
     The localization marker can comprise a dorsal side, a ventral side opposite the dorsal side, a first lateral side, and a second lateral side opposite the first lateral side. The dorsal side can be convex. The ventral side can be substantially flat. 
     The first lateral side and the second lateral side can be substantially perpendicular to the ventral side. The first lateral side can meet the ventral side at a first corner and the second lateral side can meet the ventral side at a second corner. The first corner and the second corner can be radiused. An exterior profile of the cross-section can be substantially D-shaped. 
     The localization marker can comprise a plurality of through holes disposed along a length of the localization marker. The localization marker can further comprise etch marks defined along at least one lateral side of the localization marker to enhance an echogenicity of the localization marker. 
     Another variation of the localization marker is disclosed comprising a first configuration when constrained within a lumen of a delivery device and a second configuration when deployed outside of the lumen. The localization marker can be configured to curl into a partial loop when in the second configuration. A cross-section of the localization marker can be biconvex. The cross-section can be a transverse cross-section. An exterior profile of the cross-section can be biconvex. 
     The localization marker can comprise a distal portion, a proximal portion, and an intermediate portion in between the distal portion and the proximal portion. The biconvex cross-section can be a cross-section of the intermediate portion. The intermediate portion can be an elongate strip when the localization marker is in the first configuration. 
     The localization marker can comprise a dorsal side, a ventral side opposite the dorsal side, a first lateral side, and a second lateral side opposite the first lateral side. The dorsal side and the ventral side can be convex. At least a segment of the first lateral side and at least a segment of the second lateral side can be substantially parallel. 
     The localization marker can comprise a plurality of through holes disposed along a length of the localization marker. The localization marker can further comprise etch marks defined along at least one lateral side of the localization marker to enhance an echogenicity of the localization marker. 
     A tissue localization system can be disclosed comprising a tissue localization device comprising a delivery needle comprising a needle lumen and a localization marker slidably translatable within the needle lumen. The localization marker can be detachable from the delivery needle. The tissue localization system can further comprise an adjustable arm configured to hold the tissue localization device and a surface adhering base coupled to the adjustable arm and configured to removably adhere to a surface. The surface adhering base can comprise a suction component, an adhesive component, a magnetic component, or a combination thereof. 
     The adjustable arm can comprise a hinge mechanism. The adjustable arm can also be an articulating arm comprising a plurality of ball-and-socket joints. 
     The tissue localization device can further comprise a handle and a delivery needle extending from the handle. The adjustable arm can hold the handle of the tissue localization device. 
     The adjustable arm can comprise a clip and the clip can hold the handle of the tissue localization device. The clip can be a substantially U-shaped panel clip. 
     A method for marking a target tissue site is also disclosed comprising translating a localization marker at least partially out of a tissue localization device, securing the tissue localization device to an adjustable arm, and obtaining at least one diagnostic image of the target tissue site using an imaging modality. The imaging modality is X-ray. The imaging modality can also be ultrasound. 
     The method can further comprise retracting the localization marker at least partially back into the tissue localization device and adjusting a positioning of the tissue localization device by manipulating the adjustable arm. Manipulating the adjustable arm can comprise articulating at least one ball-and-socket joint of the adjustable arm holding the tissue localization device. Manipulating the adjustable arm can also comprise pivoting a hinge of the adjustable arm. Adjusting the positioning of the tissue localization device can further comprise adjusting the positioning of the delivery needle within a tissue of a patient. 
     The method can also comprise translating the localization marker at least partially out of the tissue localization device to mark the target tissue site and obtaining another diagnostic image of the target tissue site using the imaging modality. Translating the localization marker out of the tissue localization device can comprise translating the localization marker out of a delivery needle coupled to a handle of the tissue localization device. The adjustable arm can hold the handle of the tissue localization device. 
     The adjustable arm can be coupled to a surface adhering base. The method can further comprise adhering the adjustable arm to a surface of an imaging equipment using the surface adhering base prior to translating the localization marker out of the tissue localization device. The localization marker can be configured to curl into a partial loop when translated out of the tissue localization device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  illustrates a perspective view of a tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 1B  illustrates a side view of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 1C  is a black-and-white image of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates deployment of a localization element. 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates retraction of the localization element. 
         FIG. 2C  is a black-and-white image of the localization element attached to a tracking wire. 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates a close-up perspective view of a tip of a delivery needle during deployment of the localization element. 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates a close-up bottom perspective view of the tip of the delivery needle during deployment of the localization element. 
         FIG. 3C  illustrates a close-up perspective view of a tip of the delivery needle after deployment of the localization element. 
         FIG. 3D  illustrates a close-up bottom perspective view of the tip of the delivery needle after deployment of the localization element. 
         FIG. 3E  illustrates a close-up side view of the tracking wire being pulled out of the delivery needle after deployment of the localization element. 
         FIG. 3F  illustrates a close-up perspective view of the tracking wire being pulled out of the delivery needle after deployment of the localization element. 
         FIG. 4A  is a perspective view of a knob and handle of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 4B  is a cutaway view illustrating a part of the interior of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 5A  is a cutaway view illustrating another part of the interior of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 5B  is a cutaway view illustrating yet another part of the interior of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 5C  is a cutaway view illustrating another part of the interior of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 6A  is a cutaway view illustrating a tactile and/or audible feedback mechanism of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 6B  is another cutaway view illustrating the tactile and/or audible feedback mechanism of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 6C  is a front cutaway view illustrating the tactile and/or audible feedback mechanism of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 6D  is a perspective cutaway view illustrating the tactile and/or audible feedback mechanism of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 6E  is a side cross-sectional view illustrating the tactile and/or audible feedback mechanism of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 6F  is a front cutaway view illustrating the tactile and/or audible feedback mechanism of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 6G  is a perspective cutaway view illustrating the tactile and/or audible feedback mechanism of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 6H  is a side cross-sectional view illustrating the tactile and/or audible feedback mechanism of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 6I  is a front cutaway view illustrating the tactile and/or audible feedback mechanism of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 6J  is a perspective cutaway view illustrating the tactile and/or audible feedback mechanism of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 6K  is a side cross-sectional view illustrating the tactile and/or audible feedback mechanism of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 7  is an exploded view of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 8A  illustrates a target tissue region, the localization element and the delivery needle inside a patient tissue model. 
         FIG. 8B  illustrates the localization element surrounding a target tissue region or mass and the delivery needle exiting the patient tissue model. 
         FIG. 8C  illustrates the localization element surrounding the target tissue region and a distal end of the tracking wire positioned outside of the patient tissue model. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an exploded view of another variation of the tissue localization device. 
         FIGS. 10A and 10B  illustrate perspective and side views, respectively, of the assembled tissue localization device of  FIG. 9 . 
         FIGS. 10C and 10D  illustrate side and perspective cut-away views, respectively, of the assembled tissue localization device of  FIG. 9 . 
         FIGS. 11A and 11B  illustrate top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of a localization element detached from a pusher element. 
         FIGS. 11C and 11D  illustrate top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of a localization element detachably held by a pusher element. 
         FIGS. 11E and 11F  illustrate top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of a tracking wire rotated relative to a localization element when the localization element is detached from a pusher element. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates an exploded view of another variation of the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 13A  illustrates a perspective view of a localization element deployed out of a delivery needle by a pusher element covered by a polymer liner. 
         FIGS. 13B and 13C  illustrate perspective and side views, respectively, of a localization element detached from a pusher element partially separated from a polymer liner. 
         FIGS. 14A and 14B  illustrate a variation of a delivery needle having a needle dimple. 
         FIG. 14C  illustrates a close-up of a beveled distal end of a variation of a delivery needle. 
         FIG. 14D  illustrates a close-up of a variation of a pusher element covered by a polymer liner extending out of the beveled distal end. 
         FIG. 14E  illustrates a cross-section of the delivery needle enclosing the pusher element covered by the polymer liner along line A-A shown in  FIG. 14D . 
         FIG. 15A  illustrates a tracking wire coupled to an end of a variation of a localization element. 
         FIG. 15B  illustrates a tracking wire coupled to a midpoint along a length of a variation of a localization element. 
         FIG. 15C  illustrates a side view of a tracking wire coupled to an end of a variation of a localization element. 
         FIG. 15D  illustrates a perspective view of a tracking wire coupled to an end of a variation of a localization element. 
         FIG. 15E  illustrates a tracking wire coupled to a midpoint along a length of a variation of a localization element. 
         FIG. 15F  illustrates a tracking wire coupled to a point in between a midpoint and an end of a variation of a localization element. 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a variation of a localization element in a partial helical configuration. 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a locator distal end of a variation of a localization element with branched locator tips. 
         FIG. 18A  illustrates a deployment of a localization element around a suspect tissue mass. 
         FIG. 18B  illustrates a halo deployment of a localization element above a suspect tissue mass. 
         FIG. 18C  illustrates a side view of a halo deployment of a localization element above a suspect tissue mass. 
         FIG. 18D  illustrates a perspective view of the halo deployment of the localization element above a suspect tissue mass. 
         FIG. 18E  is another perspective view of a halo deployment of a localization element above a suspect tissue mass. 
         FIG. 19A  illustrates a segment of a flexible tracking wire extending out from a patient&#39;s tissue and coiled to reduce the excess length of the tracking wire. 
         FIG. 19B  illustrates a segment of a flexible tracking wire extending out from breast tissue. 
         FIG. 19C  illustrates a segment of tracking wire coiled and taped to breast tissue. 
         FIG. 20A  illustrates a distal end of a multi-filament tracking wire. 
         FIG. 20B  illustrates a distal end of a multi-filament tracking wire having a welded end. 
         FIGS. 20C-20D  illustrate an example cross-section of an attachment site of a multi-filament tracking wire covered by a polymer jacketing. 
         FIG. 21  illustrates a variation of a method of operating the tissue localization device. 
         FIG. 22  illustrates another variation of a method of operating the tissue localization device. 
         FIGS. 23A-23G  illustrate a variation of a method of operating the tissue localization device. 
         FIGS. 24A-24G  illustrate examples of a localization element surface. 
         FIGS. 25A-25C  illustrate a variation of a pusher element. 
         FIG. 26  illustrates a variation of a localization element including one or more barbs. 
         FIG. 27  illustrates a variation of the tissue localization device including a stainless steel liner. 
         FIGS. 28A-28B  illustrate an example of a spring coupled to the stainless steel liner. 
         FIGS. 29A-29J  illustrate example retraction locks. 
         FIGS. 30A-30B  illustrate an example setup for using the tissue localization device during imaging. 
         FIGS. 31A-31B  illustrate variations of a tissue localization wire. 
         FIG. 32A-32B  illustrate variations of using a stabilization sling. 
         FIG. 33A  illustrates a variation of a localization marker being deployed out of a delivery needle. 
         FIG. 33B  illustrates a close-up view of the localization marker of  FIG. 33A  being deployed out of the delivery needle. 
         FIG. 33C  illustrates a cross-section of the localization marker taken along cross-section B-B of  FIG. 33B . 
         FIG. 34A  illustrates another variation of a localization marker being deployed out of a delivery needle. 
         FIG. 34B  illustrates a close-up view of the localization marker of  FIG. 34A  being deployed out of the delivery needle. 
         FIG. 34C  illustrates a cross-section of the localization marker taken along cross-section C-C of  FIG. 34B  along with certain regions of contact delineated. 
         FIG. 34D  illustrates certain regions of contact delineated of a localization marker having the cross-section shown in  FIG. 33C . 
         FIG. 35A  illustrates an ultrasound transducer positioned on a skin surface above a deployed localization marker where an image plane of the ultrasound transducer is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of a delivery needle. 
         FIG. 35B  illustrates certain ways that an ultrasound transducer can be positioned over a target tissue site. 
         FIG. 35C  illustrates ultrasound reflection patterns when the ultrasound transducer is used to image a variation of the localization marker having a substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section. 
         FIG. 35D  illustrates ultrasound reflection patterns when the ultrasound transducer is used to image a variation of the localization marker having a substantially D-shaped cross-section. 
         FIG. 36A  illustrates an ultrasound transducer positioned on a skin surface above a deployed localization marker where an image plane of the ultrasound transducer is collinear with a longitudinal axis of a delivery needle. 
         FIG. 36B  illustrates certain ways that an ultrasound transducer can be positioned over a target tissue site. 
         FIG. 36C  illustrates ultrasound reflection patterns when the ultrasound transducer is used to image a variation of the localization marker having a substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section. 
         FIG. 36D  illustrates ultrasound reflection patterns when the ultrasound transducer is used to image a variation of the localization marker having a substantially D-shaped cross-section. 
         FIG. 37A  illustrates an ultrasound transducer positioned on a skin surface above a deployed localization marker having a biconvex cross-section. 
         FIG. 37B  illustrates a cross-section of the localization marker taken along cross-section D-D of  FIG. 37A  along with certain regions of contact delineated. 
         FIG. 37C  illustrates ultrasound reflection patterns when the ultrasound transducer is used to image a variation of the localization marker having a biconvex cross-section. 
         FIG. 38A  illustrates a side view of a variation of a localization marker having an echogenic surface treatment along a lateral side of the localization marker. 
         FIG. 38B  illustrates a perspective view of a localization marker having echogenic through holes defined along a length of the localization marker. 
         FIG. 38C  illustrates a side view of the localization marker. 
         FIG. 39A  illustrates a side view of a localization marker having a tracking wire coupled to the localization marker. 
         FIG. 39B  illustrates a perspective view of a localization marker having a tracking wire coupled to the localization marker. 
         FIG. 39C  illustrates certain identification markings made along a segment of the tracking wire coupled to the localization marker. 
         FIG. 40  illustrates a close-up view of a pusher deployed out of a needle lumen of a delivery needle. 
         FIGS. 41A-41B  illustrate perspective and side views, respectively, of a tissue localization system comprising an adjustable arm configured to hold a tissue localization device. 
         FIGS. 42A-42C  illustrate perspective, front, and left side views, respectively, of an adjustable arm of the tissue localization system. 
         FIGS. 43A-43B  illustrate another variation of a tissue localization system comprising an adjustable arm configured to hold a tissue localization device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C  illustrate that a tissue localization device  100  can include a handle  102  coupled to a delivery needle  104 . The handle  102  can include a handle grip  106 , a knob portion  108 , and a handle nose  110 . The handle grip  106  can be a portion of the handle  102  configured to be grasped or held by a user such as a surgeon, radiologist or other imaging professional. The handle grip  106  can be sized or shaped for a user to grasp the handle  102  with one hand. The handle grip  106  can be shaped as a cylinder, a tube, a rod, or combinations thereof. In other variations, the handle grip  106  can be shaped as an elongate ovoid, prism, ellipsoid, cone, or combinations thereof. The handle grip  106  can have finger grooves, holes, indentations, or combinations thereof. 
     The handle grip  106  can be connected to or contiguous with a knob portion  108 . The knob portion  108  can be a portion of the handle  102  housing a knob  112  for controlling the tissue localization device  100 . The knob portion  108  can include an orientation arch  114 . The orientation arch  114  can be a curved protuberance extending out from a surface of the handle  102 . The orientation arch  114  can help a user properly orient the tissue localization device  100  by informing the user of the deployed curvature of a localization element  116 . For example, the orientation arch  114  can have a half-oval or bow-shaped curvature denoting a direction and/or plane of curvature of the localization element  116  when deployed. 
     The knob  112  can be barrel or ellipsoid-shaped component for controlling the deployment or retraction of the localization element  116 . The knob  112  can be a separate component attached to the handle  102  at the knob portion  108 . The knob  112  can be positioned in proximity to the orientation arch  114 . The knob  112  can have longitudinal ridges or grooves. The longitudinal ridges or grooves of the knob  112  can allow a user to more easily rotate the knob  112 . The knob  112  can be rotated in a clockwise direction, a counterclockwise direction, or combinations thereof. The knob  112  can freely rotate until the localization element  116  is deployed out of the tissue localization device  100 . A user can hold the handle grip  106  of the handle  102  with one hand and use the fingers of the same hand to rotate the knob  112  to control the deployment or retraction of the localization element  116 . 
     The knob portion  108  can be connected to or contiguous with the handle nose  110 . The handle nose  110  can be a portion of the handle  102  coupled to or housing a portion of the delivery needle  104 . The handle nose  110  can include a nozzle or luer end  118 . The luer end  118  can fixedly secure a packaging needle cover tube (not shown) to the handle  102 . The luer end  118  can be cross-shaped, conical, rectangular, frustoconical, or combinations thereof. 
     The handle  102 , the knob  112 , or combinations thereof can be fabricated from or made of a polymer such as an injection molded polymer. For example, the handle  102 , the knob  112 , or combinations thereof can be composed of or comprise acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic, polycarbonate, polypropylene (PP), or combinations thereof. The handle  102  can also be fabricated from or include parts fabricated from glass-filled polymers, metals or metal alloys such as stainless steel, or combinations thereof. 
     The handle  102  can have a longitudinal dimension of between 100.0 mm and 200.00 mm. For example, the handle  102  can have a longitudinal dimension of approximately 155.0 mm. When the handle grip  106  is shaped as a cylinder, the handle grip  106  can have a diameter between 9.0 mm and 13.0 mm. For example, the handle grip  106  can have a diameter of approximately 11.0 mm. 
     The delivery needle  104  can include a needle tip  120  and a needle base  122 . The needle tip  120  can be an end of the delivery needle  104  for puncturing the skin of a patient and deploying the localization element  116 . The delivery needle  104  can have a needle lumen. The needle lumen can be a hollow cavity within the delivery needle  104  for storing or housing the localization element  116 , a tracking wire  126 , a portion therein, or combinations thereof. 
     The needle tip  120  can have a beveled or deflected tip or point. The needle tip  120  can also include a blade, a sharpened edge, or a cutting edge. For example, the needle tip  120  can include a hypodermic point bevel, an intradermal point bevel, a deflected point septum, or combinations thereof. The needle tip  120  can also have a bevel angle of between 15 degrees and 45 degrees. 
     The needle base  122  can be partially housed or secured by the luer end  118 , the handle nose  110 , other internal handle components, or combinations thereof. The delivery needle  104  can include one or more depth markers  124  in between the needle tip  120  and the needle base  122 . The depth markers  124  can be markings, etchings, or surface indentations on the surface of the delivery needle  104  in between the needle tip  120  and the needle base  122 . The depth markers  124  can assist a user, such as a surgeon, radiologist or other imaging professional, to insert the delivery needle  104  into the tissue site of the patient. The depth markers  124  can be separated by increments of millimeters, centimeters, inches, or combinations thereof. 
     The delivery needle  104  can be made of metal, a metal alloy such as stainless steel, or a rigid medical grade polymer. The delivery needle  104  can have a diameter of between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm. The delivery needle  104  can have a diameter of approximately 1.0 mm. 
     The delivery needle  104 , for example, when made from a rigid medical polymer, can include or be covered by a radiopaque material or coating. The radiopaque material or coating can include gold or gold coating, platinum or platinum coating, tungsten or tungsten coating, iridium or iridium coating, tantalum or tantalum coating, barium sulfate, rhodium, or combinations thereof. 
     The delivery needle can have an echogenic surface such as can be generated by sandblasting or beadblasting on portions of the needle, such as at the distal tip, for example, to enhance visualization of the needle or portions thereof during clinical ultrasound imaging. 
       FIGS. 1A and 1B  illustrate that the localization element  116  can be curved or loop-shaped when deployed. The localization element  116  can be a flexible wire or length of metal, polymer, or combinations thereof. The localization element  116  can take on an arcuate, curvilinear, or looping shape when deployed out of the delivery needle  104 . The localization element  116  can penetrate tissue and serve as a boundary or guidance marker for a tissue mass for subsequent removal and/or analysis. 
       FIGS. 1A and 1B  also illustrate that the tissue localization device  100  can include a tracking wire  126 . The tracking wire  126  can be coupled or connected to the localization element  116 . The tracking wire  126  can be made of metal, a metal alloy such as stainless steel, or a medical grade polymer, a stainless steel cable with polymer jacketing, a polymer thread, a polymer tube, or combinations thereof. The tracking wire  126  can include or be covered by a radiopaque material, for example, for enhanced visualization of the tracking wire  126  when imaged. 
     The tracking wire  126  can be used to track the deployment or insertion path of the delivery needle  104 , the localization element  116 , or combinations thereof into the patient. The tracking wire  126 , or a portion therein, can be housed within the handle  102  when the localization element  116  is not deployed or not fully deployed. A segment of the tracking wire  126  can also be located outside of the handle  102  when the localization element  116  is not deployed or not fully deployed. For example, a segment of the tracking wire  126  can extend out of an end of the handle  102  proximate to the handle grip  106  when the localization element  116  is not deployed or not fully deployed. 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates that the localization element  116  can have a deployment trajectory  200  when deployed from the delivery needle  104 . The deployment trajectory  200  can include a substantially two-dimensional or planar trajectory along a substantially two-dimensional plane. For example, the deployment trajectory  200  can include a substantially two-dimensional trajectory along a plane bisecting a longitudinal axis of the tissue localization device  100 . In other variations, the deployment trajectory  200  can include a three-dimensional trajectory. 
     The localization element  116  can follow its deployment trajectory  200  to achieve a predetermined shape  202 . The predetermined shape  202  can include a circular shape, an oval, a spiral shape, or combinations thereof. In other variations, the predetermined shape  202  can include a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, or combinations thereof. The deployment trajectory  200  can be a trajectory or path mimicking or following such a predetermined shape  202 . For example, the localization element  116  can have the predetermined shape  202  of a two-dimensional circle and the localization element  116  can emerge from the delivery needle  104  in a circular trajectory. 
     For example, the localization element  116  can have predetermined shape  202  of a circle or loop having a diameter of between 10.0 to 40.0 mm. The localization element  116  can have a predetermined shape  202  of a circle or loop having a diameter of approximately 25.0 mm. 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates that the localization element  116  can be deployed from the delivery needle  104  when the knob  112  is turned in a first rotational direction  204 . The first rotational direction  204  can include a clockwise rotational direction or a counterclockwise rotational direction when viewed along the longitudinal axis of the tissue localization device  100  from the handle grip  106  to the handle nose  110 . 
     For example, the localization element  116  can exit or emerge out of the needle tip  120  of the delivery needle  104  when the knob  112  is turned in the first rotational direction  204 . The localization element  116  can exit or emerge out of the needle tip  120  in a reverse loop trajectory representing the deployment trajectory  200  of the localization element  116 . The reverse loop trajectory can be a substantially circular trajectory curving backward toward the needle base  122  of the delivery needle  104 . The localization element  116  can initially curve upward or in a direction toward the apex or top of the orientation arch  114  before looping backwards toward the needle base  122 . In other variations, the localization element  116  can initially curve downward or in a direction away from the apex or top of the orientation arch  114  before looping backwards toward the needle base  122 . 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates that the localization element  116  can be retracted into the delivery needle  104  when the knob  112  is turned in a second rotational direction  206 . The second rotational direction  208  can be a different rotational direction than the first rotational direction  204 . The second rational direction can include a counterclockwise rotational direction or a clockwise rotational direction when viewed along the longitudinal axis of the tissue localization device  100  from the handle grip  106  to the handle nose  110 . 
     The localization element  116  can have a retraction trajectory  208  when retracting back into the delivery needle  104 . The retraction trajectory  208  can be the reverse or opposite of the deployment trajectory  200 . For example, when the deployment trajectory  200  is an upward curving loop trajectory as shown in  FIG. 2A , the retraction trajectory  208  is a downward curving loop trajectory as shown in  FIG. 2B . The retraction trajectory  208  can be a substantially two-dimensional trajectory, a three-dimensional trajectory, or combinations thereof. 
     The localization element  116  can re-enter or retract back into the needle tip  120  of the delivery needle  104  when the knob  112  is turned in the second rotational direction  208 . The localization element  116  can re-enter or retract back into the needle tip  120  by reversing or retracing the deployment trajectory  200  of the localization element  116 . 
       FIG. 2C  illustrates that the localization element  116  can be in a circular shape representing the predetermined shape  202 . The localization element  116  can have a predetermined shape  202  set by using shape memory techniques, heating techniques, bending techniques, or combinations thereof. The localization element  116  can be composed of or fabricated from spring steel, a nickel-titanium alloy such as Nitinol™, a shape memory polymer, stainless steel, or combinations thereof. 
     The localization element  116  can include or be covered by a radiopaque material or coating. The radiopaque material or coating can include gold or gold coating, platinum or platinum coating, tungsten or tungsten coating, iridium or iridium coating, tantalum or tantalum coating, barium sulfate, rhodium, hydrophilic and other lubricious coatings, or combinations thereof. 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates that the tissue localization device  100  can include a pusher element or pusher element  300 . The pusher element  300  can be used by the tissue localization device  100  to deploy the localization element  116 . The pusher element  300  can be positioned inside the delivery needle  104  when the localization element  116  resides in the delivery needle  104 . The pusher element  300  can slidably move longitudinally within the delivery needle  104 . The pusher element  300  can be advanced longitudinally forward or longitudinally backward through the delivery needle  104  when a user turns the knob  112  in the first rotational direction  204  or the second rotational direction  208 , respectively. The pusher element  300  can be composed of or fabricated from a polymer, stainless steel, or combinations thereof. 
     The pusher element  300  can include a pusher tip  302 . The pusher tip  302  can be a portion of the pusher element  300  removably attached to the localization element  116 . The pusher tip  302  can have a window  304 . The window  304  can be a partial opening or cutaway section along the pusher tip  302 . 
     The localization element  116  can include an element base  308  and an element tip  306 . The element base  308  can be a portion of the localization element  116  configured to be removably attached to the pusher element  300 . The element tip  306  can be an end of the localization element  116  distal to the element base  308 . The element tip  306  can be configured to pierce or cut through patient tissue. The element tip  306  can have a beveled edge, a sharpened edge, a pointed tip, or combinations thereof. 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates that the element base  308  of the localization element  116  can include an eyelet frame  310 , a narrow portion  312 , and a shoulder  314 . The eyelet frame  310  can be connected to the shoulder  314  by the narrow portion  312 . The eyelet frame  310  can have an eyelet  316 . The eyelet  316  can be an opening or bore configured to receive the tracking wire  126 . The tracking wire  126  can be threaded through the eyelet  316  and the threaded end can be connected, for example by crimping via a ferrule or tied, to the remainder of the tracking wire  126  using a crimp sleeve, a tie, a knot, an adhesive, a coil, heat shrink polymer jacketing, or combinations thereof. 
     The eyelet frame  310  can fit within the window  304  of the pusher element  300  to allow the pusher element  300  to engage with the localization element  116 . The portion of the pusher element  300  distal to the window  304  can partially surround the narrow portion  312  of the element base  308  when the eyelet frame  310  is within the window  304 . 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates that the pusher element  300  can advance the localization element  116  out of the delivery needle  104  by pushing on the shoulder  314  of the localization element  116 . The pusher element  300  can also retract or draw the localization element  116  into the delivery needle  104  by pulling on the eyelet frame  310 . The pusher element  300  can retract the localization element  116  back into the delivery needle  104  as long as the eyelet frame  310 , the narrow portion  312 , or combinations thereof do not disengage from the pusher tip  302  of the pusher element  300 . The eyelet frame  310  can disengage from the pusher tip  302  when the eyelet frame  310  is displaced out of the window  304  of the pusher element  300 . The narrow portion  312  can disengage from the pusher tip  302  when the narrow portion  312  and eyelet frame  310  are no longer surrounded by the distal portion of the pusher element  300 . When the localization element resides within the tissue of the patient, the shape memory of the localization element causes the proximal portion of the localization element to pull away from the pusher tip  302  once the narrow portion  312  and eyelet frame  310  are no longer constrained by the pusher element  300 . 
       FIGS. 3C-3F  illustrate that the localization element  116  can be deployed when the pusher tip  302  of the pusher element  300  no longer engages with the element base  308 .  FIGS. 3C and 3D  also illustrate that the tracking wire  126  can be pulled through the pusher element  300 , the delivery needle  104 , or combinations thereof once the localization element  116  is deployed. The tracking wire  126  can be pulled through the pusher element  300 , the delivery needle  104 , or combinations thereof when the user retracts the delivery needle  104  out of the patient after the localization element  116  is deployed. The entire length of the tracking wire  126  can be pulled through the handle  102 , the delivery needle  104 , the pusher element  300 , or combinations thereof once the user has fully retracted the delivery needle  104  out of the patient. 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates that the tissue localization device  100  can be controlled by the knob  112 . A user can rotate the knob  112  in the first rotational direction  204  to advance the localization element  116  toward the needle tip  120  or out of the delivery needle  104 . A user can also rotate the knob  112  in the second rotational direction  208  to retract the localization element  116  back into the needle tip  120  or further into the delivery needle  104 . The localization element  116  can be advanced or retracted when the pusher tip  302  of the pusher element  300  pushes or pulls, respectively, on the element base  308  of the localization element  116 . 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates that the tissue localization device  100  can have a drive pipe  400  positioned within the handle  102 . The drive pipe  400  can extend from the handle grip  106  to the handle nose  110 . The drive pipe  400  can rotate within the handle grip  106 . A portion of the drive pipe  400  along the knob portion  108  can be surrounded or defined by an inner barrel  402 . The inner barrel  402  can be configured to interact with the knob  112  to allow the knob  112  to rotate the drive pipe  400 . 
     For example, a user can rotate the knob  112  in a first rotational direction  204  to rotate the drive pipe  400  in the same first rotational direction  204 . Also, for example, the user can rotate the knob  112  in a second rotational direction  208  to rotate the drive pipe  400  in the same second rotational direction  208 . 
     The drive pipe  400  can be fabricated from or made of a polymer such as an injection molded polymer. For example, the drive pipe  400  can be composed of or comprise acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic, polycarbonate, polypropylene (PP), or combinations thereof. The drive pipe  400  can also be fabricated from or include parts fabricated from metals or metal alloys such as stainless steel. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates that the drive pipe  400  can have a pipe lumen  500 . The pipe lumen  500  can be the interior or inside surface of the drive pipe  400 .  FIG. 5A  also illustrates that the tissue localization device  100  can have a car  502  residing inside the pipe lumen  500 . The car  502  can be a component of the tissue localization device  100  configured to maneuver (e.g., push or pull) the pusher element  300 . The car  502  can be shaped as an elliptic cylinder having a trivial height dimension. For example, the car  502  can be shaped as an elliptic cylinder having a height dimension of between 1.0 mm and 4.5 mm. In other variations, the car  502  can be shaped as a flattened rectangle, an oval disc, a circular disc, or combinations thereof. 
     The car  502  can be within a car track  510 . The car track  510  can be an elongate channel segment having a surface and walls that support the car  502  as the car  502  slides along the central, longitudinal axis of the handle. The car track  510  can be part of a rod or shaft having a concavity or depression along a longitudinal length of the rod or shaft. The car  502 , or a portion therein, can fit within the concavity or depression of the car track  510 . The car track  510  can be coupled to the delivery needle  104 . In other variations, the car track  510  can be separate from the delivery needle  104 . The car track  510  can reside or be disposed in the pipe lumen  500 . The car track  510  can remain stationary as the drive pipe  400  rotates. 
     The pusher element  300  can be attached to the car  502 . The pusher element  300  can be fixedly attached to the car  502  via adhesives, interference fit, screws, or combinations thereof. The pusher element  300  can be attached to the car  502  by being threaded or molded through the body of the car  502 . The pusher element  300  can be attached to a car front portion  504 . The car front portion  504  can be an end or segment of the car  502  proximal to the handle nose  110 . The pusher element  300  can be attached to, contiguous with, or extend out from the car front portion  504 . 
     The car  502  can include a car tooth  506 . The car tooth  506  can be a projection or protuberance extending out of the car  502 . The car tooth  506  can extend out vertically in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the tissue localization device  100 . The car tooth  506  can also extend out in the direction of the apex or top of the orientation arch  114 . The car tooth  506  can be shaped as a cube or a trapezoid. The car tooth  506  can have rounded or beveled edges or corners. In other variations, the car tooth  506  can be ovoid, half-spherical, conical, frustoconical, or combinations thereof. 
       FIGS. 5A and 5B  illustrate that the pipe lumen  500  can include a spiral channel that extends radially inward from the surface of the pipe lumen into the inner surface of the drive pipe  400 . Solid material between the spiral channels is shown for example as region  508 . 
     As the knob is turned in one rotational direction, it causes the spiral channel to advance the car, thereby advancing the pusher tube, thereby causing the localization element  116  to advance from within the delivery needle  104 . When the knob is manually turned in the opposite rotational direction, the process is reversed, causing the localization element  116  to retract within the delivery needle  104 . 
       FIG. 5C  illustrates that the car  502  can be propelled by the drive pipe  400  until the car  502  reaches the end of the pipe lumen  500  at the handle nose  110  of the handle  102 . The car  502  can come to a stop when the car tooth  506  is passed to an end gear  514 . The end gear  514  can be the protruding gear  508  closest to the nozzle end  118 . The end gear  514  can be the last protruding gear  508  in the pipe lumen  500  before the end of the pipe lumen  500 . 
     The car  502  can come to a stop or be prevented from moving when the car front portion  504  makes contact with or pushes against a car stop  512 . The car stop  512  can be a stationary raised edge or protruding surface feature at the end of the pipe lumen  500  proximal to the luer end  118 . In other variations, the car stop  512  can be a separate stationary component of the tissue localization device  100  coupled to the nozzle end  118 . 
     The drive pipe  400 , the knob  112 , or combinations thereof can be prevented from rotating further in the first rotational direction  204  when the car  502  reaches the car stop  512 . The drive pipe  400 , the knob  112 , or combinations thereof can be prevented from rotating in the first rotational direction  204  when the end gear  514  pushes against the car tooth  506  of the stopped car  502 . The car tooth  506  of the stopped car  502  can block the further angular rotation of the end gear  514 . 
     The drive pipe  400  can be rotated in the second rotational direction  208  to push the car  502  away from the car stop  512  and toward the opposite end of the pipe lumen  500 . When the drive pipe  400  is rotated in the second rotational direction  208 , the end gear  514  can also rotate in the second rotational direction  208  and apply a force to the car tooth  506  in the direction of handle grip  106 . 
       FIGS. 6A and 6B  illustrate that the tissue localization device  100  can include a rotational alert  600 , such as a tactile feedback or sound-generating alert. The rotational alert  600  can be configured to generate an audible and/or tactile signal or indication to a user of the tissue localization device  100  that the localization element  116  is about to deploy and detach and no longer instantly retractable. The signal or indication can include tactile clicking or vibration, audible clicking noises, tapping sensations and/or noises, grinding sensations and/or noises, increased rotational resistance, squealing, scraping, scratching, or combinations thereof. The rotational alert  600  can include a rod, a pin, a hook, a spring, or combinations thereof protruding from the car front portion  504 . 
     The drive pipe  400  can include a grooved section  602 . The grooved section  602  can be a portion of the drive pipe  400  having longitudinal grooves  604  around a circumference of the pipe lumen  500 . The rotational alert  600  can interact with the longitudinal grooves  604  to generate the audible and/or tactile signal. The rotational alert  600  can interact with the longitudinal grooves  604  when the car  502  enters the grooved section  602 . The grooved section  602  can be in the vicinity of the car stop  512 . The rotational alert  600  can interact with the longitudinal grooves  604  as the pipe lumen  500  rotates in the first rotational direction  204 , the second rotational direction  208 , or combinations thereof. The pipe lumen  500  can rotate the longitudinal grooves  604  in the first rotational direction  204 , the second rotational direction  208 , or combinations thereof. The rotational alert  600  can tap or drag against the longitudinal grooves  604  to generate the detectable audible and/or tactile signal. 
     The rotational alert  600  can generate the audible and/or tactile signal to inform the user that the car  502  has pushed the pusher tip  302  of the pusher element  300  out of the delivery needle  104 . The audible and/or tactile signal can also indicate that the element base  308  of the localization element  116  can soon become dislodged or separated from the pusher tip  302  of the pusher element  300 . 
     The grooved section  602  can be a portion of the drive pipe  400  in the handle nose  110  of the handle  102 . The rotational alert  600  can generate the audible and/or tactile signal until the car reaches the car stop  512 . 
       FIGS. 6C, 6D, and 6E  illustrate that the rotational alert  600  can have a rotational alert tip  606 . The rotational alert tip  606  can be an end of the rotational alert  600  distal to the car front portion  504 . The rotational alert tip  606  can be a curved or coiled tip of an elongate rod representing the body of the rotational alert  600 .  FIGS. 6C, 6D, and 6E  illustrate that the rotational alert  600 , the rotational alert tip  606 , or combinations thereof can proceed down the pipe lumen  500  without generating any noticeable audible and/or tactile alert signals or noises as the car  502  is pushed through the pipe lumen  500  toward the handle nose  110 . 
       FIGS. 6F, 6G, and 6H  illustrate that the rotational alert tip  606  can be positioned within a longitudinal groove  604  when the rotational alert  600  enters the grooved section  602  of the drive pipe  400 . The grooves section  602  can have longitudinal ridges  608  separated by longitudinal grooves  604 . The longitudinal ridges  608  can protrude radially inward toward the center of the pipe lumen  500 . 
     The rotational alert  600  can generate an audible and/or tactile signal or feedback when the drive pipe  400  is rotated in either the first rotational direction  204  or the second rotational direction  208  when the rotational alert tip  606  is in the grooved section  602 . The rotational alert  600  can generate the audible and/or tactile signal or feedback as the rotational alert tip  606  makes contact with the longitudinal ridges  608 , the longitudinal grooves  604 , or combinations thereof as the drive pipe  400  is rotated. 
       FIGS. 6I, 6J, and 6K  illustrate that the rotational alert tip  606  can be deflected by the longitudinal ridges  608  when the drive pipe  400  is rotated in either the first rotational direction  204  or the second rotational direction  208 . The rotational alert tip  606  can be deflected when the rotational alert  600  is pushed radially inward by the longitudinal ridges  608 . For example, when the rotational alert  600  is a rod having a curved or hooked end representing the rotational alert tip  606 , the curved or hooked end can be deflected by the longitudinal ridges  608  as the drive pipe  400  is rotated by the knob  112 . In this example, the rod and the curved or hooked end can be pushed radially inward when the curved or hooked end is deflected by the longitudinal ridges  608 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates that the drive pipe  400  can be positioned within the handle  102  when the tissue localization device  100  is in an assembled state. The car track  510  can be coupled to the delivery needle  104  and both the car track  510  and the delivery needle  104  can be positioned within the drive pipe  400  when the tissue localization device  100  is in the assembled state. The car  502  can be fixedly attached to the pusher element  300 . The pusher element  300  can be threaded through the delivery needle  104  and can be positioned in the delivery needle  104  when the tissue localization device  100  is in the assembled state. The localization element  116  can be coupled to the tracking wire  126 . The tracking wire  126  can be threaded through the pusher element  300  before the pusher element  300  is inserted into the delivery needle  104 . The localization element  116  can be removably attached to the pusher tip  302  of the pusher element  300 . The localization element  116  can also be pressed into a straightened configuration to be inserted into the delivery needle  104 . 
       FIG. 8A  illustrates that the localization element  116  can surround a target tissue  700 , for example having or being a target tissue mass, when deployed in a patient tissue model. The localization element  116  can cut through the patient&#39;s tissue, such as a breast tissue or lung tissue, as the pusher element  300  and the car  502  are pushed longitudinally through the pipe lumen  500 . The localization element  116  can curve into the predetermined shape  202  to surround and mark the target tissue  700 . The predetermined shape  202  can be a circular shape. The localization element  116  can be deployed from the tissue localization device  100  when the eyelet frame  310  of the localization element  116  is dislodged or otherwise becomes separated from the window  304  of the pusher element  300 . In addition, the localization element  116  can be deployed when the narrow portion  312  of the localization element  116 , the shoulder  314 , or combinations thereof is separated from the pusher tip  302  of the pusher element  300 . 
     The user can complete the deployment of the localization element  116  by retracting the delivery needle  104 , the pusher element  300 , or combinations thereof completely out of the patient&#39;s tissue site. The localization element  116  can become anchored in the implantation site of the patient&#39;s tissue as the localization element  116  is separated from the rest of the tissue localization device  100 . 
       FIG. 8B  illustrates that the end of the tracking wire  126  coupled to the localization element  116  can remain in the patient&#39;s tissue prior to removal of the delivery needle  104  from the tissue site. The tracking wire  126  can serve as a path or trail for informing a surgeon of the path taken by the delivery needle  104  into the patient&#39;s appendage. The tracking wire  126  can also serve as a path or trail for indicating the location of the target tissue region delineated by the curved localization element  116 . 
       FIG. 8C  illustrates that the end of the tracking wire  126  not attached or coupled to the localization element  116  can emerge from the patient&#39;s skin after the delivery needle is removed. This exposed segment of the tracking wire  126  can be allowed to extend from the patient and because the wire  126  is flexible, the wire  126  can comfortably reside on the patient&#39;s skin (with or without coiling it) and secured by, for example, adhesive dressing to the patient&#39;s skin. For example, the exposed segment of the tracking wire  126  can be taped by surgical tape to the patient&#39;s appendage. The exposed segment of the tracking wire  126  can also be coiled, folded, twisted, or cut before or after being taped to the patient&#39;s skin or dressing. The flexible nature of the tracking wire  126  enables the patient to be comfortable while the localization element remains in situ, with minimal risk of dislodgement of the localization element. This feature allows for logistic flexibility in planning for the surgical removal of the localized tissue (e.g. place the localization element on one day and remove the tissue specimen and localization element on a subsequent day). 
     Although not shown in the figures, it is anticipated by this disclosure that multiple localization elements  116  can be used to mark or surround the suspect tissue mass in three dimensions. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates that the tissue localization device  900  can have a handle  902  with a slidable delivery control  904  and a delivery needle  906  extending out from the handle  902 . The handle  902  can be shaped as a cylinder, a tube, a rod, an elongate ovoid, an ellipsoid, a cone, or combinations thereof. The handle  902  can comprise finger grooves, holes, indentations, or combinations thereof. The handle  902  can be sized or shaped such that a user can grasp the handle  902  with one hand. The handle  902  can comprise or be composed of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic, polycarbonate, polypropylene (PP), or other suitable polymers, or combinations thereof. The handle  902  can also comprise components fabricated from metals or metal alloys such as stainless steel. 
     The handle  902  can have a handle distal end  908 , a handle proximal end  910  opposite the handle distal end  908 , a handle dorsal side  912 , a handle ventral side  914  opposite the handle dorsal side  912 , and an elongate slot  916  defined along the handle dorsal side  912 . 
     The handle distal end  908  can include a nozzle or luer end. The luer end can fixedly secure a packaging needle cover (not shown in  FIG. 9 ) to protect the delivery needle  906 . 
     The delivery needle  906  can also have a needle lumen  918  and a pusher element  920  slidably translatable within the needle lumen  918 . The delivery needle  906  can comprise or be composed of a metal, metal alloy, or a rigid medical grade polymer. When the delivery needle  906  is made of a polymer, the delivery needle  906  can be covered with a radiopaque material or coating. The pusher element  920  can have a pusher distal end  922  and a pusher proximal end  924  opposite the pusher distal end  922 . 
     The pusher element  920  can have a pusher plug  926  affixed near the pusher proximal end  924 . The pusher plug  926  can be affixed to a stationary position along the pusher element  920 . The pusher plug  926  can have a number of threaded bores or holes defined along a dorsal surface of the pusher plug  926 . The delivery control  904  can be connected to the pusher element  920  via fasteners  928  screwed into the threaded bores or holes of the pusher plug  926 . At least a portion of each of the fasteners  928  can extend through the elongate slot  916  when the delivery control  904  is coupled to the pusher element  920 . In other variations, the delivery control  904  can be connected to the pusher plug  926  via adhesives, an interference or locking fit, clips, clasps, snap buttons, wire connectors, insert molding, or combinations thereof. The elongate slot  916  can act as a track or guiding lane for the longitudinal translation of the delivery control  904 . The delivery control  904  can be pushed toward the handle distal end  908  or pulled toward the handle proximal end  910  to translate the pusher element  920  within the needle lumen  918 . 
     The positioning or orientation of the delivery control  904  relative to the handle  902  can indicate the deployment orientation of the localization element  930  relative to the handle  902 . For example, the localization element  930  can deploy toward a side of the tissue localization device  900  on which the delivery control  904  is disposed. The localization element  930  can deploy toward an opposite side of the tissue localization device  900  from the delivery control  904 , or the delivery control  904  can have arrows pointing toward a direction of the localization element&#39;s deployment. 
     The tissue localization device  900  can also include a localization element  930  and a flexible tracking wire  932  coupled to the localization element  930 . The tracking wire  932  can have a wire distal segment  934  including a wire distal end  936  and a wire proximal segment  938  including a wire proximal end  940 . 
     The localization element  930  can be curled or curved into a deployed configuration  942  when unconstrained by or deployed from the delivery needle  906 . The localization element  930  can be pressed or formed into a flat or unfurled configuration when positioned within the needle lumen  918  of the delivery needle  906 . The localization element  930  can be initially positioned within the needle lumen  918  when the tissue localization device  900  is in the assembled state. The localization element  930  can slidably translate within the needle lumen  918 . As will be discussed in the following sections, the localization element  930  can be detachably held by or can detachably interlock with the pusher element  920  when the localization element  930  is within the needle lumen  918 . 
       FIG. 9  also illustrates that the handle  902  can have a number of deployment stage markers  944 . The deployment stage markers  944  can be graphics, etchings, or indents along the outside surface of the handle  902 . The deployment stage markers  944  can inform a user of the extent of the deployment of the localization element  930  based on a position of the delivery control  904  relative to the deployment stage markers  944 . The deployment stage markers  944  can include a starting marker  946 , an initial deployment marker  948 , a halfway deployment marker  950 , and a deployed marker  952 . 
     The starting marker  946  can be a marker most proximal to the handle proximal end  910 . The localization element  930  can be completely within the needle lumen  918  when the delivery control  904  is positioned behind the starting marker  946 . The initial deployment marker  948  can be positioned distal to the starting marker  946 . At least a portion of the localization element  930  can be located outside of the needle lumen  918  when the delivery control  904  is positioned in between the starting marker  946  and the initial deployment marker  948 . The halfway deployment marker  950  can be positioned distal to the initial deployment marker  948 . At least half of the length of the localization element  930  can be located outside of the needle lumen  918  when the delivery control  904  is positioned in between the initial deployment marker  948  and the halfway deployment marker  950 . The halfway deployment marker  950  can also indicate the point at which the localization element  930  can still be retracted back into the delivery needle  906 . The deployed marker  952  can be the marker closest to the handle distal end  908 . The localization element  930  can be fully laterally deployed when the delivery control  904  is positioned in between the halfway deployment marker  950  and the deployed marker  952 . The deployed marker  952  can also indicate the point at which the localization element  930  can no longer be retracted back into the delivery needle  906 . 
       FIG. 9  also illustrates that the delivery needle  906  can have a number of needle depth markers  954 . The needle depth markers  954  can be located in between the needle tip and the needle base. The needle depth markers  954  can be markings, etchings, or surface indentations on the surface of the delivery needle  906 . The needle depth markers  954  can assist a user, such as a surgeon, radiologist or other imaging professional, to insert the delivery needle  906  into the tissue of a patient. The needle depth markers  954  can be separated by increments of millimeters, centimeters, inches, or combinations thereof. 
       FIG. 10A  illustrates that the delivery control  904  can include a substantially triangular component having a first interface surface  1000  and a second interface surface  1002 . The first interface surface  1000  and the second interface surface  1002  can be sloped or raised. The first interface surface  1000  can be upwardly concave when viewed from the handle proximal end  910  to the handle distal end  908 . The second interface surface  1002  can be upwardly concave when viewed from the handle distal end  908  to the handle proximal end  910 . The first interface surface  1000  and the second interface surface  1002  can be any shape or orientation needed to advance or retract the delivery control  904  with one hand of a user. 
     A user can hold the handle  902  of the tissue localization device  900  using one hand of the user to operate the tissue localization device  900 . The user can push the first interface surface  1000  of the delivery control  904  in a first longitudinal direction  1004  with at least one finger of the same hand holding the handle  902 . All references to finger in this disclosure can include one or more digit fingers, a thumb, a part of a finger, or any combinations thereof. The first longitudinal direction  1004  can be a forward direction. For example, the delivery control  904  can be pushed in the first longitudinal direction  1004  from the starting marker  946  to the initial deployment marker  948 , the halfway deployment marker  950 , or the deployed marker  952 . The localization element  930  can be translated through the needle lumen  918  in response to the pushing or withdrawing of the delivery control  904 . 
     In cases where the delivery control  904  is not pushed to the deployed marker  952  or beyond, the user can pull or otherwise apply force to the second interface surface  1002  in the second longitudinal direction  1006 . The second longitudinal direction  1006  can be a backward direction opposite the first longitudinal direction  1004 . The localization element  930  can be retracted back into the delivery needle  906  or further into the delivery needle  906  in response to the pulling of the delivery control  904 . 
     The user can pull or otherwise apply force to the second interface surface  1002  with at least one finger of the same hand holding the handle  902 . The tissue localization device  900  can be operated entirely with one hand of the user. In many cases, the other hand of the user can be simultaneously used to position an ultrasound transducer, thereby enabling the user to position the delivery needle  906  and control the deployment and retraction of the localization element  930  via the handle  902  under simultaneous ultrasound guidance. 
       FIG. 10B  illustrates that the localization element  930  can be curled into a deployed configuration  942  when the delivery control  904  is translated to the deployed marker  952 .  FIGS. 10A and 10B  also illustrate that at least a segment of the tracking wire  932 , such as the wire proximal end  940 , can extend out of the handle proximal end  910  when the delivery control  904  is translated to the deployed marker  952 . More of the tracking wire  932  can extend out of the handle proximal end  910  as the delivery control  904  is pulled in the second longitudinal direction  1006  toward the handle proximal end  910 . The tracking wire  932  can be housed within a lumen of the pusher element  920  when the localization element  930  is detachably held by or detachably interlocks with the pusher element  920 . 
       FIG. 10C  illustrates that the handle  902  can have a handle lumen  1008 . The pusher plug  926  and at least a segment of the pusher element  920  can be housed within the handle lumen  1008 . The pusher plug  926  and the pusher element  920  can also translate longitudinally within the handle lumen  1008 . 
       FIG. 10C  also illustrates that the handle  902  can have a handle length  1010 . For example, the handle length  1010  can be between approximately 12.0 cm and 20.0 cm. The handle length  1010  can be approximately 16.0 cm.  FIG. 10C  further illustrates that the delivery needle  906  can have a needle length  1012 . For example, the needle length  1012  can be between approximately 10.0 cm and 15.0 cm. The needle length  1012  can be approximately 12.0 cm.  FIG. 10C  also illustrates that the pusher element  920  can have a pusher length  1014 . For example, the pusher length  1014  can be between approximately 16.0 cm to 20.0 cm. The pusher length  1014  can be approximately 17.5 cm.  FIG. 10C  further illustrates that the tracking wire  932  can have a wire length  1016 . For example, the wire length  1016  can be between approximately 20.0 cm and 30.0 cm. The wire length  1016  can also be greater than 30.0 cm depending on the location of a target tissue site. 
       FIG. 10D  illustrates that the fasteners  928  can extend into a portion of the delivery control  904  to connect the delivery control  904  to the pusher plug  926  and the pusher element  920 .  FIG. 10D  also illustrates that the elongate slot  916  can provide clearance for the fasteners  928  as the delivery control  904 , the pusher plug  926 , and the pusher element  920  translate longitudinally in the first longitudinal direction  1004  or the second longitudinal direction  1006 .  FIG. 10D  further illustrates that connecting the delivery control  904  to the pusher element  920  via the pusher plug  926  prevents the pusher element  920  from being translated (e.g., pushed or pulled) entirely out of the handle lumen  1008  or the needle lumen  918 . The tissue localization device  900  can comprise a gear mechanism and the translation of the pusher element  920  can be facilitated by the gear mechanism. 
       FIGS. 11A and 11B  illustrate that the localization element  930  can have a locator proximal end  1100  and a locator distal end  1102 . The locator distal end  1102  can have a sharpened locator tip  1104  for piercing through tissue. The locator proximal end  1100  can include an eyelet frame  1106  surrounding an aperture  1108 , a narrow portion  1110 , and a shoulder portion  1112 . The eyelet frame  1106  can be connected to the shoulder portion  1112  by the narrow portion  1110 . The aperture  1108  can be positioned substantially in the middle of the eyelet frame  1106 . The aperture  1108  can be an opening, hole, or bore configured to receive the tracking wire  932 . 
       FIGS. 11A and 11B  also illustrate that the pusher element  920  can have a pusher dorsal side  1114  and a pusher ventral side  1116  opposite the pusher dorsal side  1114 . A delivery port  1118  can be defined along the pusher dorsal side  1114  proximal to the pusher distal end  922 . The delivery port  1118  can be a cutout along the pusher dorsal side  1114 . The eyelet frame  1106  of the localization element  930  can be detachably positioned within the delivery port  1118  of the pusher element  920  when the localization element  930  is within the needle lumen  918 . The eyelet frame  1106 , shoulder portion  1112 , and narrow portion  1110  of the localization element  930  are collectively referred to herein as an interlocking framework, which allows the localization element  930  to releasably interlock with the pusher element  920 . The movement or translation of the localization element  930  can be controlled by the delivery control  904  when the interlocking framework is positioned within or interlocked with the delivery port  1118 . In particular, the interlocking of the localization element  930  and the pusher element  920  by the interlocking framework allows longitudinal translation of the delivery control  904  to slide the localization element  930  in both a distal and proximal direction within the delivery needle  906 , both pushing the localization element  930  out of the delivery needle  906  and retracting it into the delivery needle  906 . 
     The localization element  930  can be deployed out of the delivery needle  906  when the pusher distal end  922  pushes the shoulder portion  1112  of the localization element  930  in the first longitudinal direction  1004  out of the delivery needle  906 . The interlocking framework of the localization element  930  can release from the delivery port  1118  of the pusher element  920  when the delivery port  1118  exits the lumen of the delivery needle  906 . The localization element  930  can curl into a substantially circular deployed configuration  942  when deployed. The localization element  930  can curl or curve in a direction of the handle dorsal side  912  when deployed out of the delivery needle  906 . 
     The localization element  930  can comprise or be composed of a metal, a metal alloy, a polymer, or combinations thereof. The localization element  930  can comprise or be composed of a shape-memory material. For example, the localization element  930  can comprise or be composed of a shape memory metal alloy such as Nitinol™. The localization element  930  can penetrate tissue and serve as a boundary or guidance marker for a tissue mass for subsequent removal and/or analysis. 
     The localization element  930  can be processed or finished so as to reduce the sliding friction between the localization element  930  and the inner surface of the needle lumen  918 . For example, the localization element  930  can be electro-polished or mechanically polished. The localization element  930  can also be covered by a blue-oxide finish. The localization element  930  can be covered by the blue-oxide finish by heat treating the localization element  930  in a salt bath. 
     The localization element  930  can be a flexible length of metal or wire, a flexible length of polymer, a flexible length of shape-memory material, or combinations thereof. The localization element  930  can take on an arcuate, curvilinear, or looping shape when deployed out of the delivery needle  906 . 
     The pusher distal end  922  can be sloped and form an obtuse angle with the pusher ventral side  1116 . The obtuse angle formed by the pusher distal end  922  and the pusher ventral side  1116  can be seen when viewed from a lateral side of the tissue localization device  900 . The sloped design of the pusher distal end  922  can allow the pusher element  920  to more effectively push the shoulder portion  1112  of the localization element  930  in the first longitudinal direction  1004  without the shoulder portion  1112  curling upwards toward the top of the needle lumen  918 . This can reduce sliding friction between the localization element  930  and the needle  918  as the localization element  930  is translated through the needle lumen  918 . The pusher distal end  922  can also form an acute angle with the pusher dorsal side  1114  when viewed from the lateral side of the tissue localization device  900 . 
     As previously discussed, the movement or translation of the localization element  930  can be controlled by the delivery control  904  when the eyelet frame  1106  is positioned within the delivery port  1118 . The delivery port  1118  can have a distal port side  1120 , a proximal port side  1122 , and a port base  1124 . The distal port side  1120  can form an acute angle with the port base  1124  when viewed from the lateral side of the tissue localization device  900 . 
     The localization element  930  can be retracted back into the delivery needle  906  even after at least a portion of the localization element  930 , such as the locator distal end  1102 , has exited the needle lumen  918 . The localization element  930  can be retracted back into the delivery needle  906  when the distal port side  1120  of the pusher element  920  pulls on an eyelet shoulder  1113  in the second longitudinal direction  1006 . The pusher element  920  can be pulled in the second longitudinal direction  1006 , for example, when a user applies a force to the second interface surface  1002  of the delivery control  904  in the second longitudinal direction  1006 . 
     The pusher element  920  can have a pusher lumen  1126 . The narrow portion  1110  of the localization element  930  can be positioned within a segment of the pusher lumen  1126  when the eyelet frame  1106  is positioned within the delivery port  1118 . 
       FIGS. 11A and 11B  also illustrate that the tracking wire  932  can be coupled to the locator proximal end  1100  of the localization element  930 . The tracking wire  932  can be coupled or tied to the eyelet frame  1106  of the localization element  930 . The wire distal end  936  of the tracking wire  932  can be threaded through the aperture  1108  such that a loop  1128  forms around the eyelet frame  1106 . The wire distal end  936  can then be secured to another segment of the tracking wire  932  at an attachment site  1130 . For example, the wire distal end  936  can be secured to an attachment site  1130  along the wire distal segment  934 . More specifically, the wire distal end  936  can be welded or adhered with adhesive to another segment of the tracking wire  932  at a site serving as the attachment site  1130 . In other variations, the wire distal end  936  can be tied to another segment of the tracking wire  932  or crimped to another segment of the tracking wire  932  using a ferrule. 
     The tracking wire  932  can comprise or be composed of a metal or metal alloy such as stainless steel. The tracking wire  932  can comprise or be composed of a cable for flexibility, tensile strength, and low-profile. For example, the cable can be a 19-filament metal wire cable. In other variations, the tracking wire  932  can comprise or be composed of a braided cable such as a high-tensile strength braided suture used in such applications as orthopedic surgery. 
     A polymer jacketing  1132  can cover or ensheath at least part of the tracking wire  932 . The polymer jacketing  1132  can also cover or ensheath the attachment site  1130 . The polymer jacketing  1132  can be a heat-shrink polymer or tube wrapped around the tracking wire  932 . At least part of the tracking wire  932  can be positioned within the pusher lumen  1126 , the needle lumen  918 , and the handle lumen  1008  when the localization element  930  is detachably held by or detachably interlocks with the pusher element  920 . By jacketing the side-by-side portions of the tracking wire  932 , the tracking wire  932  behaves as one filament, making it easier for the clinician to handle the tracking wire  932  for example during coiling or subsequently during surgical specimen removal. 
     Once the localization element  930  has detached from the pusher element  920 , the tracking wire  932  can exit the pusher lumen  1126  and the needle lumen  918  as the delivery needle  906  is retracted away from the deployed localization element  930 . For example, the localization element  930  can be deployed out of the delivery needle  906  within the tissue of a patient. In this example, an operator of the tissue localization device  900  can slowly retract the delivery needle  906  out of the tissue of the patient. As the delivery needle  906  is retracted out of the patient, more of the tracking wire  932  can be exposed. As will discussed in the following sections, at least a segment of the tracking wire  932  can remain within the tissue of the patient after the delivery needle  906  is removed from the patient. 
       FIGS. 11C and 11D  illustrate that the movement or translation of the localization element  930  can be controlled by the delivery control  904  when the eyelet frame  1106  is positioned within the delivery port  1118 . The localization element  930  can automatically detach or be dislodged from the pusher element  920  and the delivery needle  906  when at least part of the eyelet frame  1106  held by the delivery port  1118  is translated by the delivery control  904  out of the delivery needle  906 . For example, the localization element  930  can automatically separate, detach, or dislodge from the pusher element  920  when the eyelet frame  1106  is pushed out of the needle lumen  918  and the localization element  930  no longer constrained by the interior surface of the needle lumen  918 . The localization element  930  can be considered detached from the pusher element  920  when the eyelet frame  1106  is no longer positioned within the delivery port  1118 . The rotational orientation of the pusher element  920  as shown in  FIG. 11D  can improve automatic detachment of the localization element  930  from the pusher element  920 . This orientation facilitates the localization element  930  to move freely away from the pusher element  920  due to the inherent direction of motion imparted by the shape memory of the localization element. This orientation allows for automatic separation from the interlocking connection between the pusher element  920  and localization element  930  once the interlocking framework of the localization element  930  is no longer constrained by the bore of the delivery needle  906 . 
     The localization element  930  can be retracted back into the delivery needle  906  when at least a portion of the eyelet frame  1106  is still positioned within the delivery port  1118 . 
       FIGS. 11E and 11F  illustrate that the tracking wire  932  coupled to the locator proximal end  1100  can swivel or rotate relative to the localization element  930  when the localization element  930  is detached from the rest of the tissue localization device  900 . For example, the loop  1128  formed by the wire distal segment  934  can swivel or rotate relative to the eyelet frame  1106 . 
       FIGS. 11E and 11F  illustrate that the spatial alignment of the tracking wire  932  can initially be positioned essentially tangential to a curvature of the deployed localization element  930 . For example, the localization element  930  can curl into a circular shape when in the deployed configuration  942  and the tracking wire  932  can initially be aligned tangent to the circular-shaped localization element  930 .  FIGS. 11E and 11F  also illustrate that the loop  1128  formed by the tracking wire  932  can subsequently swivel or rotate with respect to the eyelet frame  1106  typically due to movement of the proximal end of the localization element  930  as it becomes unconstrained by the needle lumen  918 . Once the loop  1128  swivels or rotates, the spatial alignment of the tracking wire  932  relative to the localization element  930  can change. For example, at least a segment of the tracking wire  932  can be aligned as a secant or in a non-tangential orientation relative to the circular-shaped localization element  930  once the loop  1128  formed by the wire distal segment  934  swivels or rotates. 
     The tracking wire  932  can automatically change its spatial alignment relative to the localization element  930  once the localization element  930  is detached from the rest of the delivery system of the tissue localization device  900 . For example, when the tracking wire  932  is aligned tangential to the curled localization element  930 , the localization element  930  can be more susceptible to inadvertent displacement within the tissue of the patient when the tracking wire  932  is pulled or when the patient moves. Changing the spatial alignment of the tracking wire  932  relative to the localization element  930  can make the deployed localization element  930  more difficult to displace within the tissue of the patient by pulling on the tracking wire  932  or when the patient moves. In addition, changing the alignment of the tracking wire  932  relative to the localization element  930  from a tangential alignment to a secant or non-tangential alignment can reduce the risk that the localization element  930  inadvertently retracts out of the tissue of the patient when the tracking wire  932  is being pulled by the patient or a health professional or when a patient moves. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates that the tissue localization device  900  can include a polymer liner  1200 . The polymer liner  1200  can radially ensheath or surround at least a portion of the pusher element  920 , and can be slidably translatable in the delivery needle  906 . The polymer liner  1200  can prevent metal-on-metal contact between the outer surface of the pusher element  920  and at least a portion of the localization element  930  as well as the surface of the needle lumen  918  as the pusher element  920  is translated through the needle lumen  918 . The liner  1200  can also move along with the pusher element  920  as the pusher element travels through the delivery needle lumen thereby preventing metal from sliding against metal for the portion of the localization element  930  that is ensheathed by the liner  1200 . The polymer liner  1200  can be interposed or pressed between an outer surface of the pusher element  920  and the surface of the needle lumen  918  or a portion of the localization element  930  or tracking wire  932  and the surface of the needle lumen  918  in order to reduce the static and/or dynamic frictional forces acted upon by the pusher element  920 , the localization element  930  or tracking wire  932  as the pusher element  920  travels through the needle lumen  918 . 
     The needle lumen  918  can have a lumen dorsal surface  1202  and a lumen ventral surface  1204 . The lumen dorsal surface  1202  can refer to an upper portion or top half of the needle lumen  918 . The lumen ventral surface  1204  can refer to a lower portion or bottom half of the needle lumen  918 . The polymer liner  1200  can completely encircle or surround the pusher element  920  such that no contact is made between the external surface of the pusher element  920  and the needle lumen  918  as the pusher element  920  is translated longitudinally through the needle lumen  918 . In another variation, the polymer liner  1200  can cover the pusher dorsal side  1114  and prevent the pusher dorsal side  1114  from contacting the lumen dorsal surface  1202  as the pusher element  920  is translated longitudinally through the needle lumen  918 . The polymer liner  1200  can cover the pusher ventral side  1116  and prevent the pusher ventral side  1116  from contacting the lumen ventral surface  1204  as the pusher element  920  is translated longitudinally through the needle lumen  918 . 
     The polymer liner  1200  can comprise or be fabricated from polyether ether ketone (PEEK). In other variations, the polymer liner  1200  can comprise or be fabricated from any polymer or polymer blend (e.g., a fluoropolymer) capable of facilitating the longitudinal translation of the pusher element  920  through the needle lumen  918 . 
     The polymer liner  1200  can have a liner length  1206  substantially equivalent to the needle length  1012 . In other variations, the needle length  1012  can be greater than the liner length  1206 . 
       FIGS. 13A to 13C  illustrate that the polymer liner  1200  can include a dorsal liner  1300  and a ventral liner  1302 . The dorsal liner  1300  and the ventral liner  1302  can combine to radially ensheath or surround the pusher element  920 . The polymer liner  1200  can have a liner distal segment  1304 . The liner distal segment  1304  can extend from the pusher distal end  922  to the proximal port side  1122 . 
       FIG. 13B  illustrates that the dorsal liner  1300  can separate from the ventral liner  1302  when the liner distal segment  1304  is pushed or deployed out of the needle lumen  918 . The dorsal liner  1300  can separate from the ventral liner  1302  by curling away from the ventral liner  1302 . The dorsal liner  1300  can separate from the ventral liner  1302  when the localization element  930  detaches from the pusher element  920 . For example, because of the force acted upon the liner by the shape memory of the localization element, the eyelet frame  1106  can separate the dorsal liner  1300  from the ventral liner  1302  at the liner distal segment  1304  as the eyelet frame  1106  detaches or is physically displaced from the delivery port  1118 . 
     The dorsal liner  1300  can act as an additional safeguard against the inadvertent detachment of the localization element  930  from the pusher element  920  when the localization element  930  is being translated through the needle lumen  918 . For example, the dorsal liner  1300  along with the port base  1124  of the pusher element  920  can act as an additional layer of material to hold the eyelet frame  1106  within the delivery port  1118  when the localization element  930  is within the needle lumen  918  or in motion through the needle lumen  918 . 
     The polymer liner  1200  including the dorsal liner  1300  and the ventral liner  1302  can be, attached, in part, to the pusher element  920 . For example, the polymer liner  1200  can be attached to the pusher element  920  by UV cured adhesives. The polymer liner  1200  can be mechanically fitted to the pusher element  920  by methods such as crimping within the pusher plug  926 . 
     The dorsal liner  1300  can once again join with the ventral liner  1302  to radially ensheath or surround the pusher element  920  when the pusher element  920  is translated in the second longitudinal direction  1006  back into the needle lumen  918 . For example, the dorsal liner  1300  can once again join with the ventral liner  1302  when the localization element  930 , along with the pusher element  920 , is retracted back into the needle lumen  918 . Also, for example, the dorsal liner  1300  can again join with the ventral liner  1302  when the localization element  930  is completely deployed out of the delivery needle  906  and the empty pusher element  920  is retracted back into the needle lumen  918 . 
       FIGS. 14A and 14B  illustrate that the delivery needle  906  can have a beveled distal end  1400  and a needle dimple  1402 . The beveled distal end  1400  can be defined by a rounded edge  1404  along a proximal rim  1406  of the beveled distal end  1400  and two lateral sharpened edges  1408  converging into a needle tip  1410 . 
     The rounded edge  1404  can be positioned proximal to the two lateral sharpened edges  1408  and the needle tip  1410 . The two lateral sharpened edges  1408  and the needle tip  1410  can be configured to pierce through the dermis and into the underlying tissue of the patient. The proximal rim  1406  of the beveled distal end  1400  can be the portion of the beveled distal end  1400  not included as part of the two lateral sharpened edges  1408  and the needle tip  1401 . The rounded edge  1404  can be a surface feature of the proximal rim  1406  formed by smoothing or rounding out the edges of the proximal rim  1406 . The rounded edge  1404  can have a radius. The rounded edge  1404  can reduce the mechanical trauma to the localization element  930  caused by an otherwise sharp-edged beveled distal end  1400 . 
     The delivery needle  906  can have a needle dorsal side  1412  and a needle ventral side  1414  opposite the needle dorsal side  1412 . The needle dimple  1402  can be a concavity, divot, or flattened region along the needle dorsal side  1412 . The needle dimple  1402  can be shaped as a half-ellipsoid. In other variations, the needle dimple  1402  can be oval or oblong-shaped. The needle dimple  1402  can be proximal to the rounded edge  1404  of the beveled distal end  1400 . 
       FIG. 14C  illustrates that the needle dimple  1402  can have a dimple length  1418 . For example, the dimple length  1418  can be between approximately 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm. 
       FIG. 14D  illustrates that the pusher element  920  covered by the polymer liner  1200  can translate longitudinally out of the beveled distal end  1400  having the needle dimple  1402 . The pusher element  920  can be an elongate half-cylinder having a hollow interior. The needle dimple  1402  can allow the pusher element  920  to more easily exit the beveled distal end  1400  of the delivery needle  906 . 
       FIG. 14E  illustrates that the needle lumen  918  can have a lumen diameter  1416 . For example, the lumen diameter  1416  can be between approximately 0.8 mm and 1.3 mm.  FIG. 14E  also illustrates that the needle dimple  1402  can have a dimple width  1420 . The dimple width  1420  can be between approximately 0.5 mm and 1.1 mm. The dimple width  1420  can be less than the lumen diameter  1416  such that the pusher element  920  can translate past the section of the delivery needle  906  defined by the needle dimple  1402  without being obstructed by the needle dimple  1402 . 
     When the dimple width  1420  is less than the lumen diameter  1416 , the lateral sides of the pusher element  920  can be unobstructed by the needle dimple  1402  as the pusher element  902  moves through the needle lumen  918 . The needle dimple  1402  can allow the localization element  930  to more easily exit the beveled distal end  1400  of the delivery needle  906 . For example, the needle dimple  1402  can reduce the likelihood of the eyelet frame  1106  from being inadvertently detached from the delivery port  1118  when the localization element  930  is being deployed out of the delivery needle  906 . 
     For example, the indentation of the needle dimple  1402  on the needle lumen  918  of the delivery needle  906  causes the localization element  930  to be pushed away from the beveled distal end  1400  of the delivery needle  906  as it is retracted or advanced. This reduces the friction and/or abrasion of the localization element  930  against the beveled distal end  1400  of the delivery needle  906 . 
     The needle dimple  1402  can allow the localization element  930  to be retracted into or deployed out of the beveled distal end  1400  of the delivery needle  906  when at least part of the localization element  930  has been deployed out of the delivery needle  906 . As another example, the needle dimple  1402  can ensure the delivery port  1118  holds the eyelet frame  1106  by pushing the eyelet frame  1106  further into the delivery port  1118  when the pusher element  920  is being retracted into the needle lumen  918 . 
       FIG. 14E  also illustrates that the polymer liner  1200  can have a liner inner diameter  1422  and a liner outer diameter  1424 . The liner inner diameter  1422  can be between approximately 0.90 mm and 1.10 mm. For example, the liner inner diameter  1422  can be approximately 1.10 mm. The liner outer diameter  1424  can be between approximately 1.00 mm and 1.20 mm. For example, the liner outer diameter  1424  can be approximately 1.14 mm. 
       FIG. 15A  illustrates that the tracking wire  932  can be coupled to the localization element  930  at the locator proximal end  1100 . For example, the tracking wire  932  can be looped around the eyelet frame  1106  of the localization element  930 . As shown in  FIG. 15A , the localization element  930  can have a substantially circular deployed configuration  942 . The deployed configuration  942  can be a predetermined shape or configuration of the localization element  930 . For example, the deployed configuration  942  can be a shape memory configuration obtained by heat setting the localization element  930  during its manufacturing process. The localization element  930  can automatically transform into its deployed configuration  942  when deployed or detached from the rest of the tissue localization device  900 . 
       FIG. 15B  illustrates that the localization element  930  can have a locator length  1500 . For example, when the localization element  930  is formed into a substantially circular deployed configuration  942 , the locator length  1500  can be a perimeter length.  FIG. 15B  illustrates that the tracking wire  932  can be coupled to the localization element  930  at a midpoint  1502  along the locator length  1500 . For example, the localization element  930  can have an aperture or notch defined at the midpoint  1502  and the tracking wire  932  can be looped through the aperture or notch and tied to the localization element  930  at the midpoint  1502 . 
     The tracking wire  932  can be coupled to the localization element  930  at a point in between the midpoint  1502  and the locator proximal end  1100  or in between the midpoint  1502  and the locator distal end  1102 . The tracking wire  932  can be coupled to the midpoint  1502  or another point along the length of the localization element  930  other than the locator proximal end  1100  to prevent the tracking wire  932  from inadvertently displacing or retracting the localization element  930  when the localization element  930  is deployed within the tissue of a patient. For example, the tracking wire  932  can inadvertently displace or retract the localization element  930  when a user pulls on the tracking wire  932  or the patient moves after the localization element  930  is deployed within the tissue of the patient. 
       FIGS. 15C and 15D  illustrate that the localization element  930  having a sickle or falciform-shaped deployed configuration  942 . The sickle or falciform shape can be a partial circular shape or crescent shape. As shown in  FIG. 15C , the tracking wire  932  can be coupled to the sickle or falciform-shaped localization element  930  at the locator proximal end  1100 . 
       FIG. 15E  illustrates that the tracking wire  932  can be coupled to the localization element  930  having the sickle or falciform-shaped deployed configuration  942  at a midpoint  1502  along the curved locator length  1500  of the localization element  930 . The different deployed shapes of the localization element  930  can allow the tissue localization device  900  to localize or demarcate tissue masses of different sizes and shapes. 
       FIG. 15F  illustrates that the tracking wire  932  can be coupled to the localization element  930  at an attachment point  1504  along the locator length  1500  in between the midpoint  1502  and the locator proximal end  1100 . For example, the attachment point  1504  can be located at a point one-quarter the locator length  1500 . The localization element  930  can have an aperture or notch defined at the attachment point  1504  and the tracking wire  932  can be looped through the aperture or notch and tied to the localization element  930  at the attachment point  1504 . 
       FIG. 16  illustrates that the localization element  930  can have a curvature plane  1600  when in the deployed configuration  942 . The curvature plane  1600  can be a two dimensional plane used to orient the localization element  930 . For example, in the variations of the localization element  930  shown in  FIGS. 11A to 11F , the entire localization element  930  can be curved substantially in alignment with the curvature plane  1600 .  FIG. 16  illustrates that at least part of the localization element  930  can be curved in alignment with the curvature plane  1600  and another part of the localization element  930  can be curved or otherwise oriented out of the curvature plane  1600 . 
     For example, the locator proximal end  1100  can be curved in alignment with the curvature plane  1600  and the locator distal end  1102  can be curved out of the curvature plane  1600 . As shown in  FIG. 16 , the localization element  930  can have a full or partial helical shape when in the deployed configuration  942 . A part of the localization element  930  can curve out of the curvature plane  1600  to localize or demarcate a suspect tissue mass in the patient&#39;s body in three-dimensions. 
       FIG. 17  illustrates that the localization element  930  can have a branched distal segment  1700 . As shown in  FIG. 17 , the branched distal segment  1700  can be an instance of the locator distal end  1102  having two or more sharpened locator tips  1104 . For example, when the branched distal segment  1700  has two sharpened locator tips  1104 , the two sharpened locator tips  1104  can diverge at an angle away from one another. The branched distal segment  1700  of the localization element  930  can allow the localization element  930  to more securely anchor into the tissue of the patient, and also can more fully delineate the tissue site in three dimensions. 
       FIG. 18A  illustrates that the localization element  930  deployed into the tissue  1800  of a patient can encircle or radially surround at least part of a suspect tissue mass  1802 . For example, the tissue  1800  can include breast tissue or lung tissue. The suspect tissue mass  1802  can include a tumor or other cancerous cells, necrotic tissue, lymph nodes, scar-tissue, target tissue, fibro adenoma, calcifications, otherwise diseased tissue, or combinations thereof. 
       FIG. 18A  illustrates that the localization element  930  in the deployed configuration  942  can be curved or curled in alignment with a curvature plane  1600 . The localization element  930  can encircle or radially surround at least part of the suspect tissue mass  1802  when the curvature plane  1600  intersects at least part of the suspect tissue mass  1802 . The deployed localization element  930  can serve as a boundary or guide for identifying and demarcating the location or boundary (e.g. the posterior margin) of the suspect tissue mass  1802  for further analysis or excision. 
       FIGS. 18B-18E  illustrate that the localization element  930  can be deployed adjacent to or abutting the suspect tissue mass  1802 . For example, the localization element  930  can be deployed above or proximal to the suspect tissue mass  1802  such that the localization element  930  forms a type of halo adjacent the suspect tissue mass  1802 . This deployment can be referred to as a halo deployment. The localization element  930  can be deployed at one or more locations adjacent to or abutting the suspect tissue mass  1802  such that the curvature plane  1600  formed by the localization element  930  does not intersect at least a portion of the suspect tissue mass  1802 . By deploying the localization element  930  above or away from the suspect tissue mass  1802 , the user can ensure that the localization element  930  does not puncture, pierce, or otherwise disturb the suspect tissue mass  1802  or other tissue structures nearby (e.g., nerves, blood vessels, etc.). 
       FIGS. 18A, 18B, and 18D  illustrate that at least a segment of the tracking wire  932  can extend out of the tissue  1800  of the patient while the wire distal end  936  coupled to the localization element  930  is deployed within the tissue  1800  of the patient. The tracking wire  932  can serve as a path or trail informing a surgeon of the path taken by the delivery needle  906  into the patient&#39;s tissue  1800 . The tracking wire  932  may also serve as an intraoperative guide to the location of the localization element  930 . 
     A method of locating the suspect tissue mass  1802  using the deployed localization element  930  and the tracking wire  932  can involve periodically pulling on the segment of the tracking wire  932  extending outside of the tissue  1800  of the patient. For example, a surgeon responsible for excising a suspect tissue mass  1802  can pull or tug on the segment of the tracking wire extending outside the tissue  1800  of the patient. The method can further involve palpating or feeling, with at least one finger of a user, an outer tissue layer (e.g., a skin or dermis) above or proximal to a target tissue site while pulling on the segment of the tracking wire  932  extending outside the tissue  1800  of the patient. The method can also involve locating the suspect tissue mass  1802  within the tissue  1800  of the patient based on a tension exhibited by the tracking wire  932  being pulled and the movement felt by the finger of the user on the outside tissue layer. 
     If electrocautery is used during surgical dissection, several attributes of the localization element  930  can reduce the risk of damage to the localization element  930  and tracking wire  932  from inadvertent arcing of electrocautery during surgical dissection. Inadvertent passage of current to the tracking wire  932  can be reduced because the polymer jacketing  1132  of the tracking wire serves as an electrical insulator. Also, because of the ribbon-like and hence relatively large surface area the localization element  930 , it may be less prone to inadvertent electrocautery damage than a localization wire with a smaller surface area, as the larger surface area is inherently more electrically dissipative. 
       FIGS. 19A-19C  illustrate that the tracking wire  932  can be flexible enough to be easily wound into a coiled segment  1900 . The tracking wire  932  is extremely flexible, having a flexibility comparable to surgical suture or household sewing thread. For example, the segment of the tracking wire  932  extending outside the tissue  1800  of the patient (see  FIG. 19B ) can be easily wound into the coiled segment  1900  and can be taped (e.g., with Tegaderm™ or other biocompatible adhesives, bandages, or dressings) to the skin of the patient (see  FIG. 19C ). Coiling the tracking wire  932  can reduce the length of the excess segment of the tracking wire  932  extending out of the patient&#39;s tissue and can ensure that the excess segment of the tracking wire  932  will not interfere with the patient while wearing normal clothing or dressing or will not prevent the patient from sleeping normally. 
     The secure retention properties of the localization element  932  within the tissue site, combined with the suture-like flexibility of the tracking wire can enable a breast patient to go home after placement of the localization element. Prior to this device, current localization wires are too prone to movement and are too stiff to allow the patient to return to home with localization wire in place. The localization procedure can be de-coupled from the surgical tissue removal procedure (e.g. lumpectomy). The surgeon does not have to rely on the localization element to be placed the day of the scheduled surgical excision (e.g. lumpectomy), for example, and can eliminate delays and operating room scheduling uncertainties, which can be costly to the healthcare system. 
       FIG. 20A  illustrates that the tracking wire  932  can be fabricated from a cable that is composed of a number of filaments  2000 . For example, the cable of the tracking wire  932  can comprise or be composed of a multi-filament (e.g., 19-filament) wire, where each filament is composed of stainless steel, tungsten, or other material. In other variations, the tracking wire  932  can comprise or be composed of between seven and 31 filaments  2000 . Each of the filaments  2000  can have a filament diameter. The filament diameter can be between approximately 0.025 mm and 0.035 mm. For example, the filament diameter can be approximately 0.030 mm. The tracking wire  932  can also have a wire diameter, the wire diameter can be between approximately 0.150 mm and 0.155 mm. For example, the wire diameter can be approximately 0.152 mm. The cable can be comprised of polymer fibers which can have an even greater strand count (e.g., up to 100 polymer strands), and can have a different diameter. For example, the wire diameter can be between approximately 0.125 mm and 0.255 mm. 
       FIG. 20B  illustrates that a distal end of the tracking wire  932  can have a welded tip  2002  to capture and join together the plurality of filament ends.  FIG. 20C  illustrates that a polymer jacketing  1132  can ensheath or otherwise surround the attachment site  1130  of the tracking wire  932 . The polymer jacketing  1132  can be made of heat-shrinkable material and can thus conform more closely to the underlying cables of the tracking wire  932 .  FIG. 20C  illustrates a cross-section of the tracking wire  932  prior to the polymer jacketing  1132  undergoing the heat-shrinking process, and  FIG. 20D  is a cross-section illustrating the polymer jacketing  1132  conforming to the tracking wire  932  after undergoing heat-shrinking. The attachment site  1130  can be a site or segment along the tracking wire  923  where one segment of the tracking wire  932  is attached to another segment of the tracking wire  932 . For example, the wire distal end  936  can be threaded through the aperture  1108  within the eyelet frame  1106  and looped back to align with a more proximal segment of the tracking wire  932 . The wire distal end  936  can then be welded to the more proximal segment of the tracking wire  932  and the weld site can be referred to as the attachment site  1130 . 
     The polymer jacketing  1132  may surround a portion of the tracking wire  932  in proximity to the attachment site  1130  between the tracking wire  932  and the localization element  930 , or the polymer jacketing  1132  may extend a length of the tracking wire  932 . The polymer jacketing  1132  can also be used to identify lengths of the tracking wire  932 . For example, an additional layer of the polymer jacketing  1132  can be disposed around an approximately 3 cm long portion of the tracking wire  932  at a distal end of the wire  932 . The additional layer of jacketing  1132  can change the feel of the wire  932  to a surgeon using the tracking wire  932  to locate a target tissue site, identifying to the surgeon when he/she is approaching the distal end of the tracking wire  932 . Additional layers of the jacketing  1132  may be disposed at other locations along the tracking wire  932 , such as every 2 cm along its length. One or more metallic ferrules (e.g. stainless steel, tantalum) may be placed at one or more locations along the length of the tracking wire  932  (e.g. beneath the polymer jacketing) to signify various levels of proximity to the localization element  930 . Other depth marking methods may include printing or the use of different colored polymer segments. 
     The polymer jacketing  1132  can be composed of one or more polymers, such as polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or a thermoplastic elastomer (e.g., PEBAX™). By enclosing at least a portion of the tracking wire  932  in a polymer jacketing  1132 , wear and risk of damage to the tracking wire  932  may be reduced. In addition, the polymer jacketing  1132  may also reduce snagging or fraying of the tracking wire  932 . 
       FIG. 21  illustrates a method  2100  of operating the tissue localization device  900 . The method  2100  can involve removing the tissue localization device  900  from a sterile package in operation  2102 . The method  2100  can also involve removing a needle protector covering the delivery needle  906  in operation  2104 . The method  2100  can further involve holding the handle  902  of the tissue localization device  900  with one hand and advancing the delivery needle  906 , under ultrasonic or radiologic guidance, into the tissue of the patient until the distal end  1400  of the delivery needle  906  is adjacent to a suspect tissue mass (or other target tissue site)  1802  in operation  2106 . The method  2100  can further involve translating or pushing the delivery control  904  of the tissue localization device  900  in a first longitudinal direction  1004  using at least one finger of the same hand holding the handle  902  in operation  2108 . 
     The method  2100  can further involve translating the localization element  930  of the tissue localization device  900  out of the delivery needle  906  in response to the translation of the delivery control  904  in operation  2110 . The localization element  930  can be deployed out of the distal end  1400  of the delivery needle  906  when a delivery port  1118  of a pusher element  920  holding the localization element  930  is advanced out of the needle lumen  918 . If the localization element  930  is not deployed in a desired path, the localization element  930  can be retracted into the needle lumen after at least part of the localization element  930  is deployed out of the delivery needle  906 . The delivery needle  906  can subsequently be repositioned. For example, the delivery needle  906  can be rotated about a longitudinal axis of the delivery needle  906  (e.g., to achieve a desired deployment path for the localization element  930 ), and the localization element  930  can be redeployed out of the delivery needle  906  into the tissue. 
     The method  2100  can further involve surrounding, encircling, or otherwise identifying the suspect tissue mass  1802  using the deployed localization element  930  in operation  2112 . The localization element  930  can form into the deployed configuration  942  around the suspect tissue mass  1802  or above the suspect tissue mass  1802 . The localization element  930  can automatically disengage or detach from the pusher element  920  when the delivery port  1118  of the pusher element  920  is advanced out of the needle lumen  918 . 
     The method  2100  can further involve retracting the beveled distal end  1400  of the delivery needle  906  away from the suspect tissue mass  1802  and exposing the tracking wire  932  coupled to the localization element  930  in operation  2114 . The method  2100  can also involve coiling and/or cutting the segment of the tracking wire  932  extending out of the tissue of the patient and securing (e.g., using Tegaderm™ or another biocompatible adhesive or dressing) the coiled or cut segment of the tracking wire  932  directly or indirectly to the skin or patient dressing of the patient in operation  2116 . By doing so, the tracking wire  932  extending out of the body of the patient can be secured closer to the body of the patient (e.g., flush with the skin surface) such that the tracking wire  932  is not inadvertently pulled or displaced. At this point, the patient can be sent home from the procedure and asked to return the following day to surgically excise the localized tissue mass  1802  from the patient, or the suspect tissue mass  1802  can be excised the same day. The same facility which placed the localization element  930  into the body of the patient can perform the excision procedure such as the lumpectomy. 
       FIG. 22  illustrates a method  2200  for using a tissue localization device to localize tissue. The method  2200  is described with respect to  FIGS. 23A-G . 
     The method  2200  can include holding the tissue localization device in one hand while holding an ultrasound transducer in another hand ( 2202 ). For example,  FIG. 23A  shows a user holding the tissue localization device  900  in a first (e.g., right) hand  2304  while holding an ultrasound transducer  2302  in a second (e.g., left) hand  2306 . The method  2200  is described with respect to use of the tissue localization device  900 , the user may hold the tissue localization device  100  in the first hand  2304 . The tissue localization device  900  and ultrasound transducer  2302  can each be operable with a single hand of the user, and sized to fit within a single hand of the user. Thus, the user can concurrently operate both the tissue localization device  900  and the ultrasound transducer  2302 . 
     The method  2200  can include advancing, using one hand, a needle tip  2312  of the delivery needle  906  into a tissue  2300  at an offset from a target tissue site  2318  in step  2204 . The target tissue site can include a suspect tissue mass such as a tumor or lesion, a volume of tissue immediately surrounding a suspect tissue mass, or any other volume of the tissue  2300 . To reduce a distance the needle  906  travels through the tissue  2300 , the needle  906  can be advanced at an angle  2320  from a base of the tissue  2300 . For example, if the tissue  2300  is breast tissue of a patient, the needle  906  can be advanced at an angle  2320  from a chest plane of the patient. The angle  2320  may depend on a size of the tissue  2300 , a size of the localization element  930 , a size of the target tissue site  2318 , orientation of the tissue localization device  900  with respect to the tissue, or other factors. For example, the angle  2320  is small enough that the localization element  930  when deployed will not pass through a surface of the tissue  2300 , but large enough to reduce, where possible, the distance the needle  906  travels through the tissue  2300 . 
     The needle tip  2312  can be advanced into the tissue  2300  until positioned in a plane intersecting the target tissue site, a plane proximal to the target tissue site, or a plane distal to the target tissue site, while offset from the target tissue site  2318 . The offset can be a threshold distance from an edge of the target tissue site such that the localization element  930  when deployed does not intersect the target tissue site. As shown for example in  FIG. 23B , the needle tip  2312  is offset from the target tissue site  2318  by a distance  2314 . The offset can be toward a side of the target tissue site  2318  distal to the user of the tissue localization device  900 . For example, if the patient is lying on her back while the method  2200  is performed, the needle tip  2312  can be offset toward the patient&#39;s dorsal side relative to the target tissue site  2318 . 
     The offset from the target tissue site can be limited based on a diameter of the localization element  930  when deployed and a size of the target tissue site  2318 . For example, the distance  2314  is less than a difference between a diameter of the localization element and a diameter of the target tissue site, enabling the localization element  930  when deployed to radially surround at least part of the target tissue site without intersecting the target tissue site. The needle tip  2312  may be offset from the target tissue site  2318  in a plane proximal or distal to the target tissue site  2318 . For example, the needle tip  2312  may be offset proximal to the target tissue site  2318  such that the localization element is deployed as illustrated in  FIG. 18B , in which a curvature plane formed by the deployed localization device  930  does not intersect the target tissue site  2318 . The user can use the slidable delivery control  904  to determine an expected direction of curvature of the localization element  930 . For example, the localization element  930  may curve toward a side of the tissue localization device  900  on which the slidable delivery control  904  is disposed. The slidable delivery control  904  can identify the expected direction of curvature of the localization element  930  in other ways. 
     The method  2200  can further include positioning, using another hand, the ultrasound transducer  2302  proximal to the target tissue site on a surface of the tissue ( 2206 ). For example, referring again to  FIG. 23B , the ultrasound transducer  2302  is positioned on a surface  2316  of the tissue  2300 , proximal to the target tissue site  2318 . The ultrasound transducer  2302  can be positioned on the tissue surface  2316  while the tissue localization device  900  is inserted into the tissue  2300 . 
     The method  2200  can further include deploying the localization element  930  out of the delivery needle  906  into the tissue ( 2208 ). The localization element  930  can be deployed by pushing a slidable delivery control  904  in a first longitudinal direction along the tissue localization device  900 . For example, in  FIG. 23C , the slidable delivery control  904  is pushed in a first longitudinal direction  2320  along the tissue localization device  900  (e.g., toward a distal end of the tissue localization device  900 ) to deploy the localization element  930  from the delivery needle  906 . In other variations, the localization element  930  can be deployed in other ways, such as by turning a knob in a first rotational direction. While the localization element  930  is being deployed, the ultrasound transducer  2302  can be used to view a position of the localization device  930  in the tissue and verify that the localization device  930  is deployed to surround or otherwise identify the target tissue site  2318  without intersecting the target tissue site. 
     The method  2200  can further include moving the ultrasound transducer  2302  on the tissue surface while deploying the localization element  930  in step  2210 . The ultrasound transducer  2302  can be moved on the tissue surface  2316  in a number of different ways, including translation across the surface (e.g., while remaining perpendicular to the surface) and rotation around axes of the ultrasound transducer (e.g., yaw, pitch, or roll rotation).  FIG. 23D  illustrates an example of the ultrasound transducer  2302  moved on the surface  2316  of the tissue  2300  in a pitch rotation  2322  around a transverse axis of the ultrasound transducer  2302 , concurrently with the deployment of the localization element  930 .  FIG. 23E  is a schematic illustrating a side view of the pitch rotation  2322  shown in  FIG. 23D . By moving the ultrasound transducer  2302  in the pitch rotation  2322 , the position of the localization element  930  can be better visualized, for example if the localization element  930  passes out of an image window detectable by the ultrasound transducer  2302 , or if the target tissue site  2318  partially or fully obscures the localization element  930  from detection by the original position of the ultrasound transducer  2302 . Other movements of the ultrasound transducer  2302  may similarly improve visualization of the localization element  930  as the element is deployed. 
     The localization element  930  can continue to be deployed out of the delivery needle  906 , while the ultrasound transducer  2302  is moved as desired, until the localization element  930  has been completely deployed from the delivery needle  906 .  FIG. 23F  illustrates an example of the localization element  930  deployed to at least partially surround the target tissue site  2318 . During deployment of the localization element  930 , the localization element  930  can be retracted into the delivery needle  906  if, for example, the user desires to change the position of the localization element  930  in the tissue. The localization element  930  can be retracted by moving the slidable delivery control  904  in a second longitudinal direction opposite the first longitudinal direction  2320  (e.g., toward a proximal end of the tissue localization device  900 ). The localization element  930  may in other variations be retracted by other mechanisms, such as by turning a knob in a second rotational direction opposite the first rotational direction. Retracting the localization element  930  can allow the user to adjust a starting position or direction of curvature of the localization element  930  in the tissue  2300 . For example, if the user determines the localization element  930  is deploying along a curvature path different from a desired path, the user can retract the localization element  930  into the delivery needle  906 , rotate the tissue localization device  900  around a longitudinal axis, and begin redeploying the localization element  930 . The user can change a position of the needle tip in the tissue  2300 . When fully deployed from the delivery needle  906 , the localization element  930  may automatically disengage or detach from the tissue localization device  900 . 
     The method  2200  can further include, in step  2212 , removing the delivery needle  906  from the tissue  2300  and exposing the tracking wire  932  coupled to the localization element  930 .  FIG. 23G  illustrates the tracking wire  932  extending out of the tissue  2300  after the delivery needle  906  is removed from the tissue  2300 . The tracking wire  932  can be coiled or cut and secured to the body of the patient. 
       FIGS. 24A-G  illustrate several variations of the localization element  930 . As illustrated in  FIG. 24A , the localization element  930  may have a surface  2410  that is substantially smooth. For example, the surface  2410  may be polished by electrochemical, electrolytic, or mechanical polishing. In other variations, the localization element surface  2410  may include an echogenic surface treatment, or a surface roughness to increase the echogenicity of the localization element  930  for improved visualization under ultrasound.  FIG. 24B  illustrates a surface roughness  2412  achieved by abrasive blasting of the localization element  930 , such as sandblasting or bead blasting.  FIGS. 24C-F  illustrate various example patterns  2414  cut into the localization element surface  2410  by laser cutting, laser etching, or other surface cutting mechanism.  FIGS. 24C-E  illustrate that the patterns  2414  can be cut into an exterior surface of the localization element  930 , while  FIG. 24F  illustrates that a pattern can be cut into a side of the localization element  930 . Patterns or other echogenic surface treatments may be applied to an interior surface of the localization element  930 , or can be applied to a combination of the exterior, side edge, and interior surfaces of the localization element  930 . 
     Other patterns than those shown in  FIGS. 24C-E  may be cut into the localization element surface  2410 , and random lines, dots, or other shapes can be used instead of patterned cuts. For example, a grid of dots may be cut into the localization element surface  2410 . The patterns or shapes may be cut to a depth between 0% and approximately 25% of a thickness of the localization element  930 . Each cut into the localization element surface  2410  can be at least as deep into the surface  2410  as it is wide, or can have a depth that is greater than its width. The width of each cut can be, for example, approximately 0.001 to 0.006 inches. The patterns  2414  or random lines, dots, or other structures may protrude from the localization element surface  2410 . 
     As illustrated for example in  FIG. 24G , one or more holes  2416  can be created through the localization element  930  (e.g., radially from the interior surface to the exterior surface of the localization element  930 ). The one or more holes  2416  can be created (e.g. drilled or laser cut) near a distal tip of the localization element  930 , as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 24G , or can be created at other locations along the localization element  930 . 
     As described above with respect to  FIGS. 11A-B , the tissue localization device  900  can include a pusher element  920  that, in addition to deploying the localization element  930  from the tissue localization device  900 , can retract the localization element  930  into the tissue localization device  900 .  FIGS. 25A-B  illustrate that the tissue localization device  900  can include a pusher element  2520  configured to deploy the localization element  930  from the tissue localization device  900  but not retract the localization element  930 .  FIG. 25C  illustrates a cross-section of a non-retractable pusher element  2520  shown in  FIGS. 25A and 25B  while inside the delivery needle  906 . As shown in  FIG. 25C , the distal terminal end of the pusher element  2520  can abut, contact and push against a proximal terminal end  2530  of the localization element  930 . Sliding the slidable delivery control  904  toward a distal end of the tissue localization device  900  (e.g., toward the left side of  FIG. 25C ) can cause the pusher element  2520  to push on the proximal end  2530  of the localization element  930 , thereby deploying the localization element  930  from the delivery needle  906 . However, sliding the slidable delivery control  904  toward a proximal end of the tissue localization device  900  (e.g., toward the right side of  FIG. 25C ) can retract the pusher element  2520  away from the proximal end  2530  of the localization element  930  until the pusher element  2520  is no longer in contact with the localization element  930 , without applying force to the localization element  930  sufficient to retract the localization element  930  into the tissue localization device  900 . The shape of the face of the distal terminal end of the pusher element  2520  can be the inverse of the shape of the face of the proximal terminal end  2530  of the localization element  930 . For example, the respective faces can be perpendicular to the respective longitudinal axes, as shown in  FIG. 25C . 
       FIG. 26  illustrates that the localization element  930  can include one or more barbs  2610  protruding from the localization element  930 . The barbs  2610  can limit retractibility of the localization element  930 , or can help secure the localization element  930  in tissue. The barbs  2610  can protrude from some portion or an entire length of the localization element  930 . For example, the localization element  930  can include barbs  2610  near a proximal end  2530  of the localization element  930 , within an angle  2612  of the proximal end  2530 . The angle  2612  may be any percentage of the deployed configuration of the localization element  930 . The angle  2612  can be between approximately 10% and 25% of the circumference of the deployed configuration of the localization element  930 . The angle  2612  can be up to 100% of the deployed configuration of the localization element  930 . Although  FIG. 26  illustrates the barbs  2610  protruding from an exterior surface of the localization element  930 , the barbs can additionally or alternatively protrude from a side edge or interior surface of the localization element  930 . 
     The barbs  2610  shown in  FIG. 26  can provide resistance against retraction of the localization element  930  after one or more of the barbs  2610  have entered the tissue of a patient. For example, the localization element  930  may be retractable while a distal portion is deployed into the tissue of a patient and the proximal end remains inside the delivery needle  906  of the tissue localization device  900 . However, the localization element  930  may not be retractable, or may have limited retractability, after a portion of the localization element  930  including a barb  2610  has been deployed into the tissue. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , the tissue localization device  900  can include a polymer liner  1200  encasing or surrounding at least a portion of the pusher element  920 .  FIG. 27  illustrates that the tissue localization device  900  can include a stainless steel liner  2700 . Other aspects of the tissue localization device  900  can be similar to aspects described with respect to  FIGS. 9 and 12 . The stainless steel liner  2700  can be radially between at least part of the localization element  930  and a needle lumen of the delivery needle  906 . For example, the stainless steel liner  2700  can be a substantially cylindrical tube having a hollow lumen, and can radially surround at least a portion of the localization element  930 . The stainless steel liner  2700  optionally can also radially surround at least a portion of the pusher element  920 . The delivery needle  906  of the tissue localization device  900  in turn can radially at least part of the stainless steel liner  2700  and the pusher element  920 . 
     The stainless steel liner  2700  can completely encircle or radially surround the pusher element  920  such that no contact is made between the external surface of the pusher element  920  and the delivery needle  906  as the pusher element  920  is translated longitudinally through the delivery needle  906 . In another variation, the liner  2700  can cover a dorsal side of the pusher element  920  or localization element  930  to limit the pusher dorsal side or localization element dorsal side from contacting an inner dorsal surface of the delivery needle  906  as the pusher element  920  and localization element  930  are translated longitudinally. The liner  2700  can cover a ventral side of the pusher element  920  or localization element  930  to limit the pusher ventral side or localization element ventral side from contacting an inner ventral surface of the delivery needle  906  as the pusher element  920  and localization element  930  are translated longitudinally. 
     The stainless steel liner  2700  can be slidably translatable within the delivery needle  906 . The stainless steel liner  2700  and pusher element  920  can be coupled to the slidable delivery control  904 , such that translation of the slidable delivery control  904  in a first longitudinal direction (e.g., toward a distal end of the delivery needle  906 ) causes the stainless steel liner  2700  and localization element  930  to translate toward the distal end of the delivery needle  906 . The liner  2700  can accommodate release of the localization element  930  from the pusher element  920 . For example, the localization element  930  can be releasable from the liner when a distal end of the pusher element  920  is translated longitudinally beyond the liner. The liner  2700  can have a wall thickness of approximately 0.002 to 0.004 inches. 
     The tissue localization device  900  can further include a spring  2710 . The spring  2710  can be coupled to a proximal end of the stainless steel liner  2700 , and a distal end  2712  of the spring  2710  can push or pull the liner  2700  to slide longitudinally through the delivery needle  906  in response to longitudinal translation of the slidable delivery control  904 . The spring  2710  is configured to compress in response to distal translation of the slidable delivery control  904  when a distal end  2712  of the spring  2710  contacts a distal end  2714  of the tissue localization device handle  902 . While the spring  2710  compresses, the spring  2710  stops translation of the stainless steel liner  2700  and enables the pusher element  906  to translate relative to the liner  2700 . Thus, while the spring  2710  is uncompressed, the pusher element  920  and stainless steel liner  2700  can be configured to translate together toward a distal end of the delivery needle  906  in response to a distal translation of the slidable delivery control  904 . However, while the spring  2710  is at least partially compressed, the pusher element  920  can be configured to translate toward the distal end of the delivery needle  906 , relative to the liner  2700 , in response to the distal translation of the slidable delivery control  904 . 
       FIG. 28A  illustrates an example of the stainless steel liner  2700  and spring  2710  prior to compression of the spring  2710 , while  FIG. 28B  illustrates partial compression of the spring  2710  allowing translation of the pusher element  920  relative to the liner  2700 . As shown in  FIG. 28A , the spring  2710  may be short enough to not contact the handle distal end  2714  through a portion of a range of motion of the slidable delivery control  904 . Sliding the slidable delivery control  904  during that portion of the range of motion may therefore also move the spring  2710  and liner  2700  through the handle  902  and needle  906 .  FIG. 28B  illustrates the distal end  2712  of the spring  2710  in contact with the distal end  2714  of the tissue localization device handle  902 . The handle distal end  2714  can have a smaller diameter than the spring  2710  to stop translation of the spring distal end  2712 . The handle  902  may include a block or other mechanism at the handle distal end  2714  to prevent translation of the spring distal end  2712  toward a distal end of the tissue localization device  900 . When the spring distal end  2712  contacts the handle distal end  2714 , further distal translation of the slidable delivery control  904  can compress the spring  2710 . 
     Because the stainless steel liner  2700  is coupled to the spring  2710 , the liner  2700  may not translate through the delivery needle  906  while the spring  2710  is at least partially compressed. However, distal translation of the slidable delivery control  904  may continue to push the pusher element  920  toward the distal end of the delivery needle  906 , even after the spring  2710  has started to compress. Accordingly, the pusher element  920  can be translated relative to the liner  2700  while the spring  2710  is at least partially compressed. As shown in  FIG. 28B , a portion of the pusher element  920  is pushed out of the liner  2700 , exposing a distal end  2716  of the pusher element  920 . For example, the relative translation of the pusher element  920  with respect to the liner  2700  can expose a connection point  2802  at which the localization element  930  (not shown in  FIG. 28B ) can connect to the pusher element  920 . Exposing the connection point  2802  enables the localization element  930  to release from the pusher element  920 . 
     The liner  2700  can enclose at least a connection point  2802  between the pusher element  920  and the localization element  930 . Enclosing the connection point  2802  and at least part of the localization element  930  within the liner  2700  can reduce friction between the connection point  2802 , localization element  930 , and delivery needle  906 . In particular, spring force in the localization element  930 , which can be configured to deploy from the delivery needle  906  in a curved configuration, can push the proximal end of the localization element  930  against an inner surface of the delivery needle  906 . The connection point  2802  may have irregularly shaped surfaces that can further increase friction against the delivery needle  906 . By enclosing at least the proximal end of the localization element  930  and the connection point  2802  within the stainless steel liner  2700 , the spring force can push the proximal end against the liner  2700  rather than the inner surface of the delivery needle  906 . Accordingly, the inner surface of the delivery needle  906  can be protected from potential damage from the localization element  930  and pusher element  920  sliding against the inner surface of the delivery needle  906 , and friction resisting the deployment of the localization element  930  can be reduced. The liner  2700  may enclose more of the localization element  930  than the proximal end; for example, the liner  2700  may enclose up to the entire localization element  930  before deployment. 
     A length of the spring  2710  is based on an amount of the localization element  930  enclosed in the stainless steel liner  2700 . In particular, the difference between the compressed and uncompressed lengths of the spring  2710  can be at least the length of the localization element  930  and connection point  2802  that are enclosed within the liner  2700 . In variations using the pusher element  2520  described with respect to  FIGS. 25A-C  instead of the pusher element  920 , for example, the difference between the compressed and uncompressed lengths of the spring may be more or less than the length of the localization element  930  enclosed in the liner  2700 . 
     The tissue localization device  900  can include a retraction lock that prevents or limits retraction of the pusher element  920  into the stainless steel liner  2700  after the localization element  930  has been fully deployed. Limiting retraction of the pusher element  920  can improve the safety of the tissue localization device  900  after deployment of the localization element  930 . For example, tissue of the patient may be pinched between the pusher element  920  and the liner  2700  or delivery needle  906  as the pusher element  920  is retracted; preventing or limiting the retraction can reduce the likelihood of pinching the tissue of the patient. Furthermore, since the pusher element  920  may extend beyond an end of the delivery needle  906  after complete deployment of the localization element  930 , as shown for example in  FIG. 28B , the pusher element  920  can additionally or alternatively shield the tip of the delivery needle  906  to reduce a likelihood of the user of the tissue localization device  900  injuring themselves or others with the exposed sharp needle tip after the tip is withdrawn from the tissue. 
       FIGS. 29A-J  illustrate that the retraction lock can limit retraction of the pusher element  920 .  FIGS. 29A and 29B  are top-view cross-sections of the tissue localization device handle  902  and the pusher plug  926 . As described above with respect to  FIG. 9 , the pusher plug  926  can be coupled to the slidable delivery control  904  and pusher element  920 , and can transfer longitudinal motion of the slidable delivery control  904  to the pusher element  920 . Referring to the example of  FIGS. 29A-B , the pusher plug  926  can include one or more spring-loaded pins  2912  that can be compressed inside the lumen of the handle  902  (as shown in  FIG. 29A ) and, as shown in  FIG. 29B , can translate or pop into holes  2910  when the pusher plug  926  reaches a designated position in the handle  902 . For example, the holes  2910  can be placed such that the pins  2912  can pop into the holes  2910  when the localization element  930  is fully deployed and has separated from the pusher element  920 . The holes  2910  can be placed such that the pins  2912  pop into the holes when the slidable delivery control  904  is pushed beyond the point at which the localization element  930  separates from the pusher element  920 . The spring-loaded pins  2912  may have limited lateral movement, limiting a longitudinal distance the slidable delivery control  904  can be moved after the pins  2912  have locked into the holes  2910 . The spring-loaded pins  2912  may be compressible to slide back into the handle  902  lumen after locking into the holes  2910 , permitting translation of the slidable delivery control and retraction of the pusher element  920 . 
       FIGS. 29C-F  are top-view cross-sections of another example of a retraction lock. In the example of  FIGS. 29C-F , one or more teeth  2916  can be coupled to the pusher plug  926  and one or more locks  2914  can be disposed on an inner surface of the lumen of the handle  902 . The locks  2914  can be spring-loaded or hinged to permit free movement of the teeth  2916  and pusher plug  926  in a distal direction (e.g., toward the left of  FIG. 29C ).  FIGS. 29D  and E illustrate progressive rotation of the locks  2914  to permit movement of the teeth  2916  in the distal direction. After the teeth  2916  have moved to a distal side of the teeth  2916 , as shown in  FIG. 29F , the locks  2914  may rotate back to an initial position to prevent or limit movement of the pusher plug  926  toward the proximal end of the tissue localization device  900  (e.g., toward the right of  FIG. 29D ). The locks  2914  may be positioned in the handle  902  such that the teeth  2916  are distal to the locks  2914  at or beyond the point the localization element  930  is fully deployed. The teeth  2916  can lock into holes when the pusher plug  926  is translated forward to a designated position in the tissue localization device handle  902 . The one or more teeth  2916  when locked in the holes can limit proximal translation of the slidable delivery control  904 . 
       FIGS. 29G-J  illustrate a method for using a retraction lock  2920 .  FIG. 29G  is a transverse cross-section of the tissue localization device handle  902  including the retraction lock  2920 , and  FIG. 29H  is a side view of the tissue localization device  900  including the retraction lock  2920 . The retraction lock  2920  can be a structure external to the handle  902  and coupled to the handle  902  or the slidable delivery control  904 . The retraction lock  2920  can be fabricated from metal (e.g., as a wireform) or fabricated as a polymer (e.g., via molding). The retraction lock  2920  can have one or more arms  2922  configured to lock a position of the slidable delivery control  904  when or after the localization element  930  has been deployed into tissue. The retraction lock  2920  can be rotatably coupled to the slidable delivery control  904  and/or the arms  2922  can be elastically deformable from a biased unlocked configuration shown in  FIGS. 29G and 29H  to a relaxed or unbiased locked configuration shown in  FIGS. 291 and 29J . The arms  2922  can elastically pop and/or rotate into a locked configuration, as shown by arrows  2925 . The arms  2922  can slide along an exterior of the handle  902  during longitudinal motion of the slidable delivery control  904 , and rotate to lock into the handle  902  or pusher plug  926  through holes  2924  in the handle  902 .  FIG. 29I  is a transverse cross-section illustrating the arms  2922  that can be locked into the holes  2924  to lock motion of the slidable delivery control  904 , while  FIG. 29J  is a side view of the tissue localization device  900  with the arms  2922  that can be locked into the holes  2924 . The retraction lock  2920  can be spring loaded such that the arms  2922  can automatically pop into the holes  2924 , or the retraction lock  2920  can be configured to be manually clamped into the holes  2924  by a user of the device  900 . 
     As described above, the tissue localization device  900  can be used with an ultrasound transducer. The user can operate the tissue localization device  900  with one hand and the ultrasound transducer with the other hand, using the ultrasound transducer to monitor the deployment of the localization element  930  into tissue. 
     A user may use X-ray to confirm the desired deployment of the localization element  930 . An example use of the tissue localization device  900  under X-ray monitoring is shown in  FIGS. 30A-B .  FIG. 30A  illustrates a top view of a mammographic X-ray setup, which can include a bucky  3010  and a support platform  3020 .  FIG. 30B  illustrates a side view of the setup shown in  FIG. 30A . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 30A-B , the bucky  3010  can support tissue  2300  for X-ray imaging. The bucky  3010  can be placed on an opposite side of the tissue  2300  from an X-ray tube delivering X-rays to the tissue  2300 . For example, in  FIG. 30A , the bucky  3010  is below the tissue  2300 , which can be placed below an X-ray tube (not shown). The bucky  3010  may be aligned in a vertical direction, such that the tissue  2300  is placed horizontally between an X-ray tube and the bucky  3010  for imaging. 
     The support platform  3020  can couple to the bucky  3010  and support the tissue localization device  900 . The support platform  3020  can clamp to the bucky  3010 , adhere to an adhesive on the bucky  3010 , lock into brackets in the bucky  3010 , or otherwise removably coupled to the bucky  3010 . The support platform  3020  can be integrated with the bucky  3010 . The support platform  3020  may be adjustable to accommodate different tissue sizes or different angles of entry into the tissue. For example, the support platform  3020  may be hinged to tilt the tissue localization device  900  at an angle from a horizontal plane of the bucky  3010  or to swivel within the horizontal plane. The support platform  3020  may additionally or alternatively have an adjustable height to adjust a distance between the needle of the tissue localization device  900  and the bucky  3010 . The platform  3020  may further include supports to maintain a position of the tissue localization device  900 . For example, the platform  3020  may include straps to strap the tissue localization device  900  to the platform  3020  or protruding structures placed at sides and ends of the tissue localization device  900  to reduce a likelihood of the device  900  rolling or sliding on the platform  3020 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 30A-B , a user (e.g., a radiologist) may guide a patient until the patient is positioned with tissue of interest  2300  placed between the bucky  3010  and an X-ray tube. After initial X-ray imaging of the tissue  2300  to identify a target tissue site in the tissue  2300 , the user may guide the needle of the tissue localization device  900  into the tissue  2300  and deploy the localization element  930  into the tissue. To ensure correct positioning of the localization element  930  in the tissue, the user may repeat X-ray imaging of the tissue  2300  before, during, or after deployment of the localization element  930 . The user may leave the patient&#39;s side during imaging to reduce the user&#39;s exposure to the X-rays. The support platform  3020  can, therefore, support the tissue localization device  900  in the user&#39;s absence, maintaining the positioning of the device and localization element  930  during imaging and improving comfort for the patient. After the localization element  930  has been deployed to the user&#39;s satisfaction, the user can withdraw the tissue localization device  900  from the tissue  2300  and expose the tracking wire  932 , as described above. 
       FIGS. 31A-B  illustrate that a tissue localization wire  3100  can be used to localize tissue without (as shown) or with the localization element  930  and tracking wire  932 . The tissue localization wire  3100  can be deployed from a handle/pusher/slidable delivery control based needle system similar to that described by the tissue localization device  100  or  900 , or can be configured to be advanced manually directly through a delivery needle (e.g., without use of the pusher element  920  and/or slidable delivery control  904 ). 
     The tissue localization wire  3100  can include a localization element  3130  and a tracking wire  3132 . The localization element  3130  can be a flexible wire or length of metal, polymer, or combinations thereof. The localization element  3130  can be configured to take on an arcuate or curvilinear configuration when deployed into tissue, an example of which is shown in  FIG. 31A . The localization element  3130  can be configured to take on a linear or bent configuration when deployed, as shown for example in  FIG. 31B . The localization element  3130  can take on different shapes. The localization element  3130  is stiff enough to pierce into the tissue of a patient and maintain a relative position in the tissue as the patient moves, but flexible enough to collapse, prior to deployment, into a delivery needle (e.g., the delivery needle  906  of the tissue localization device  900 ). 
     The highly flexible suture-like tracking wire  3132  can be coupled to the localization element  3130  and configured to aid deployment of the tracking wire  3132  from a delivery needle. For example, if the tissue localization wire  3100  is configured for manual deployment from a delivery needle, the tracking wire  3132  can be configured to push the localization element  3130  out of the delivery needle when the tracking wire  3132  is pushed. After the localization element  3130  has been deployed into the tissue of a patient, at least a portion of the tracking wire  3132  may extend from the tissue to serve as a path or trail guiding a surgeon to the target tissue site. The exposed portion of the tracking wire  3132  is flexible enough to be able to be configured to be wrapped or tied and secured to the surface of the skin by, for example, adhesive dressing. For example, the exposed portion of the tracking wire  3132  may be wrapped into a circle approximately 1.0 cm to 5.0 cm in diameter and taped by surgical tape to the patient. 
     The tracking wire  3132  can be a flexible wire including one or more multi-strand filaments encased in a polymer jacketing, such as the polymer jacketing  1132 . However, the tracking wire  3132  can include any metal, metal alloy, polymer, or combinations thereof, and can be a single-stranded wire, a multi-stranded wire, a coil spring similar to flexible guidewires used in cardiovascular applications, encased in a jacketing, or not encased in a jacketing, or polymer (e.g. fluoropolymer) coated. The tracking wire  3132  can have a substantially circular cross-section, or can have cross-sections of other shapes (e.g., square). The tracking wire  3132  can have sufficient column strength to facilitate deployment (e.g., by pushing) of the localization element  3130  out the end of a delivery needle, but possess sufficient flexibility to be easily coiled without yielding so that it may be comfortably secured to the tissue surface of a patient. The tracking wire  3132  may be between approximately 0.010 and 0.025 inches in diameter. When the tracking wire  3132  is configured to be pushed by hand through a delivery needle, the tracking wire  3132  may have a sufficiently large diameter and/or be sufficiently column strength to prevent buckling or “S”ing within the needle lumen. The tracking wire may be longer or shorter than shown in  FIGS. 31A-B . 
     It can be difficult to perform wire localization procedures or other ultrasound guided breast procedures because the tissue is particularly mobile or unstable, as in the instance of a fatty-replaced breast. The instability and mobility of the fatty tissue can make it challenging for even a skilled clinician to place an ultrasound-guided needle to the desired location. The mere act of mildly pressing an ultrasound on the skin near the target tissue can cause the target tissue to move out of the field of view of the ultrasound transducer. The forces involved in placing and advancing a needle through this tissue can cause additional unwanted mobility of the tissue, further compromising ultrasound visualization. 
       FIG. 32A  illustrates a tissue stabilization device, such as a securement or stabilization sling  3200  for stabilizing tissue to be penetrated by the tissue localization device  900  or  100  and imaged by an ultrasound probe. The sling  3200  can stabilize breast tissue and provide support for such tissue as the delivery needle  906  of the tissue localization device  900  or  100  or other ultrasound-guided devices (e.g., percutaneous biopsy, fine needle aspiration, and percutaneous marker devices) The sling  3200  can stabilize the mobile tissue and allow for needle penetration as well as positioning of the ultrasound probe for realtime ultrasound guidance. 
     The sling  3200  can comprise a polymeric material, a fabric, or combinations thereof. The sling  3200  can comprise an iodophor-impregnated layer or coating (e.g., 3M™ Ioban™ incise drapes or coverings), for example, to cover the skin and minimize the risk of surgical site infection. The sling  3200  can comprise an anti-microbial layer that does not contain iodine, for example, for patients who have an iodine allergy. The anti-microbial layer can comprise silver nanoparticles. The sling  3200  (or other stabilization devices herein described) can be used to support mobile tissue such as, but not limited to, breast tissue (as stated above), abdominal tissue, leg tissue, upper arm tissue, buttock tissue, or scrotal tissue. The sling  3200  can comprise one or more biocompatible adhesive-backed layers that adhere to the skin to provide an appropriate ultrasound interface and a grip on the skin to maintain traction on the tissue to decrease tissue mobility. 
     The sling  3200  can deliver a support pressure  3202  against the breast surface. The support pressure  3200  can have a directional component toward the medial direction of the wearer of the sling. The tissue localization device  900  or  100  can be inserted, as shown by arrow  3204 , into the breast not through and medial to the sling (as shown) or through the sling. The insertion direction of the tissue localization device can have a directional component toward the lateral side of the wearer of the sling. The support pressure  3200  can prevent or minimize breast motion or deformation during the insertion and other use of the tissue localization device  900  or  100  in the breast. 
       FIG. 32B  illustrates that a patch  3206  can be placed on the breast, for example at the site of insertion of the tissue localization device  900  or  100  through the skin. The patch  3206  can be placed on the breast before insertion of the tissue localization device  900  through the patch  3206  and the breast skin. The patch  3206  can be above or below the sling  3200 . The patch  3206  can be attached to the sling  3200 . The patch  3206  can be made from the same or different material as the sling  3200 . The patch  3206  can have one or more iodophor-impregnated layers or coating (e.g., 3M™ Ioban™ incise drapes or coverings), for example, to cover the skin and minimize the risk of surgical site infection. 
     The tissue stabilization devices can be comprised of a clamshell type device, with one side of the clamshell having a rigid surface and the other side of the clamshell comprised of a yoke (e.g. two prongs) that suspend a segment of flexible adhesive polymer sheeting such as Ioban™ between the two prongs. The hinge of the clamshell may be spring loaded to “close” the clamshell and/or may have a releaseable ratcheting mechanism to hold the clamshell closed around the breast tissue at an adjustable (e.g., by further ratcheting or release of the ratchet) level of compression. The clamshell can be closed around the breast. The interior surface of the rigid side of the clamshell can contact the patient&#39;s breast and form a stable platform against which the breast can be further stabilized by the opposing side of the clamshell. The opposing surface of the clamshell may be comprised of an adhesive-backed polymer sheeting whose inner surface is pressed against the breast so that the breast tissue can be mildly compressed between the clamshell device. The clamshell can be applied to the breast in a number of directions (e.g. cranio-caudal, medial-lateral, etc.) as desired by the clinician. The rigid clamshell can be configured to have a pad (e.g. foam) to aid in comfort during compression. After the clamshell has been applied to the breast, an ultrasound probe and needle may be placed into or onto either the exposed skin or the adhesive film region of the stabilization device. 
     The two opposing sides can be not hinged as in the clamshell configuration described above. For example, the two roughly parallel surfaces can be advanced towards each via one or more ratchet or screw-feed mechanisms until the desired level of compression around the breast is achieved. As with the previously described clamshell device, one compression surface can be relatively rigid while the opposing compression surface can be comprised of flexible film suspended by the prongs of a yoke. The rigid side need not be a flat plane but can also be curved (e.g. slightly concave) to provide additional comfort and stabilization. In use, the two opposing sides can be brought together around the breast in the desired orientation and the breast tissue is thus stabilized for use in an ultrasound guided percutaneous procedure. At the end of the procedure, the stabilization device can be released and the film removed. 
     The film region need not comprise the entire compression surface. Both sides can be rigid and there can be window regions within the compression surfaces. The window regions may or may not contain film sheeting depending on the size of the window. Windows in the compression surfaces can be excluded (e.g., in some large breasted patients) and the skin can be sufficiently accessed in areas where there are not compression surfaces. Both compression sides can be comprised of the film yoke to optimize accessibility of the breast to the needle or ultrasound probe. 
       FIGS. 33A-33C  illustrate that a tissue localization device (e.g., the tissue localization device  100 , the tissue localization device  900 , or a combination thereof) can comprise a localization marker  3300  having a substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302 . The localization marker  3300  can have a cross-section  3302  that can have a substantially square or other rectangular or polygonal shape conjoined or in union with a substantially arcuate, semicircular, circular segment, semi-oval, semi-ovate, semi-ovoid, or other curved shape. The curved shape can be centered on and extending from (as shown) or into the rectangular shape. The curved shape can be concave (as shown) or convex. The corners of the cross-section  3302  can be rounded or half-bullnose edges. The localization marker  3300  can be the localization element  116 , the localization element  930 , or combinations thereof. The localization marker  3300  can be used similar to the localization element  116 , the localization element  930 , or a combination thereof. The localization marker  3300  can be deployed out of a needle lumen  3304  (or the needle lumen  918 ) of a delivery needle  3306  (or any of the delivery needle  104  and the delivery needle  906 ) to delineate or mark a location or position of a suspect tissue mass (e.g., suspected cancerous tissue) within the body of a patient. For example, the localization marker  3300  can be deployed to delineate or mark a location or position of a suspect tissue mass within a breast, an abdomen, a leg, an arm, a back, a neck, a hand, a foot, a buttock, or a scrotum of the patient. The localization marker  3300  can interact or engage with or be operably coupled to other components of the tissue localization device disclosed herein (e.g., the tissue localization device  100 , the tissue localization device  900 , or a combination thereof). 
     The localization marker  3300  can have a first configuration when constrained within the needle lumen  3304  of the delivery needle  3306 . The first configuration can be a constrained configuration  3308 . The localization marker  3300  can be elongated and unfurled when positioned within the needle lumen  3304  in the constrained configuration  3308 . The localization marker  3300  can be shaped substantially as an elongate strip or ribbon when in the constrained configuration  3308 .  FIG. 33A  illustrates that the delivery needle  3306 , the localization marker  3300  in the constrained configuration  3308 , or a combination thereof can be oriented or defined by a longitudinal axis  3309 . 
     The localization marker  3300  can slidably translate within the needle lumen  3304 . The localization marker  3300  can slidably translate within the needle lumen  3304  along the longitudinal axis  3309  of the delivery needle  3306 . The localization marker  3300  can slidably translate in a distal (or forward) direction, a proximal (or backward) direction, or a combination thereof within the needle lumen  3304 . Similar to the localization element  116  or the localization element  930 , the localization marker  3300  can be detachably held by or can detachably interlock with a pusher (e.g., the pusher  4000  of  FIG. 40 , the pusher element  300 , or the pusher element  920 ) when the localization marker  3300  is within the needle lumen  3304 . 
     The localization marker  3300  can attain a second configuration when deployed out of the needle lumen  3304  of the delivery needle  3306 . The second configuration can be a deployed configuration  3310 . The localization marker  3300  can be configured to curl or curve into a partial loop when in the deployed configuration  3310 . The localization marker  3300  can be configured to curl or curve into a substantially circular partial loop when in the deployed configuration  3310 . 
     The deployed configuration  3310  can be a predetermined shape or configuration of the localization marker  3300 . For example, the deployed configuration  3310  can be a shape memory configuration obtained by heat setting the localization marker  3300  during its manufacturing process. The localization marker  3300  can automatically transform into its deployed configuration  3310  when translated out of the constrained environment of the needle lumen  3304 . 
     The localization marker  3300  can have or be defined by a dorsal side  3312 , a ventral side  3314 , a first lateral side  3316 , and a second lateral side  3318 . As illustrated in  FIGS. 33A and 33B , the localization marker  3300  can have a number of echogenic surface features defined along its dorsal side  3312 , ventral side  3314 , first lateral side  3316 , second lateral side  3318 , or a combination thereof to improve or enhance the echogenicity of the localization marker  3300  under ultrasound. 
       FIGS. 33A and 33B  illustrate that the localization marker  3300  can have a plurality of through holes  3320  defined along a length of the localization marker  3300 . The through holes  3320  can be bores or openings that extend through the entire thickness or depth of the localization marker  3300 . The through holes  3320  can extend from the dorsal side  3312  of the localization marker  3300  to the ventral side  3314 . The through holes  3320  can trap small pockets of air or bodily fluids when the localization marker  3300  is deployed within the body of the patient. The pockets of air or bodily fluids trapped within the spaces or cavities defined by the through holes  3320  can enhance the echogenicity of the localization marker  3300  since such media is materially different from the solid (e.g., metallic) body of the localization marker  3300  and the surrounding tissue. The interfaces created by these pockets of air or bodily fluids and the surrounding solid marker and bodily tissue can be detected as imperfections or discontinuities by the ultrasound machine. The through holes  3320  can have a hole diameter ranging from about 0.05 mm to about 0.80 mm. 
       FIGS. 33A and 33B  also illustrate that the localization marker  3300  can have a plurality of etch marks  3322  defined along the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , or a combination thereof. The etch marks  3322  can be surface indentations or cuts made along a surface of the localization marker  3300 . The etch marks  3322  can take the form of dimples, linear or diagonal furrows, groove marks, zig-zag marks, pockmarks, blast marks, or a combination thereof. The etch marks  3322  can improve or enhance the echogenicity of the localization marker  3300  when the localization marker  3300  is imaged by ultrasound on its side. For example,  FIGS. 18A-18E  illustrate certain side deployments of localization elements and markers within bodily tissue. The etch marks  3322  can have a mark depth. The mark depth can range from about 0.02 mm to about 0.10 mm. Similar to the through holes  3320 , the etch marks  3322  can trap small pockets of air or bodily fluids when the localization marker  3300  is deployed within bodily tissue. The pockets of air or bodily fluids trapped within the cavities or spaces defined by the etch marks  3322  can enhance the echogenicity of the lateral sides of the localization marker  3300  since such media is materially different from the solid (e.g., metallic) body of the localization marker  3300  and the surrounding tissue. The interfaces created by these pockets of air or bodily fluids and the surrounding solid marker and bodily tissue can be detected as imperfections or discontinuities by the ultrasound machine. 
       FIG. 33A  illustrates that the through holes  3320  can be separated by one or more untreated marker segments  3324 . The through holes  3320  can be separated circumferentially by the one or more untreated marker segments  3324 . The untreated marker segments  3324  can be segments of the localization marker  3300  not having through holes  3320  drilled or pierced through the body of the marker. The untreated marker segments  3324  can be substantially smooth, electro-polished, or a combination thereof. The untreated marker segments  3324  can comprise an oxide finish or be covered by an oxide layer. The untreated marker segments  3324  can separate the localization marker  3300  into multiple holed-segments along the length of the localization marker  3300 . When the localization marker  3300  is in the deployed configuration  3310 , the untreated marker segments  3324  can separate the localization marker  3300  into multiple circumferential holed-segments along the circumference of the partial loop formed by the localization marker  3300 . 
       FIG. 33A  also illustrates that the etch marks  3322  can be separated by one or more untreated side segments  3326 . The etch marks  3322  can be separated circumferentially by the one or more untreated side segments  3326 . The untreated side segments  3326  can be segments of the lateral sides of the localization marker  3300  (e.g., the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , or a combination thereof) not having etch marks  3322  defined along the lateral sides of the marker. The untreated side segments  3326  can be substantially smooth, electro-polished, or a combination thereof. The untreated side segments  3326  can comprise an oxide finish or be covered by an oxide layer. The untreated side segments  3326  can separate the lateral sides of the localization marker  3300  into multiple etched-segments along the length of the localization marker  3300 . When the localization marker  3300  is in the deployed configuration  3310 , the untreated side segments  3326  can separate the localization marker  3300  into multiple circumferential etched-segments along the circumference of the partial loop formed by the localization marker  3300 . 
     The untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can allow a surgeon, physician, clinician, or operator of the tissue localization device to determine or keep track of a deployment progress of the localization marker  3300 . The untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can appear differently than the treated segments (e.g., the segments comprising the through holes  3320  and the etch marks  3322 ) in diagnostic images taken of the deployed localization marker  3300 . The untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can allow a surgeon, physician, clinician, or operator of the tissue localization device to determine whether a predetermined length or segment (e.g., one-half, one-quarter, one-third, two-thirds, three-quarters, or a combination thereof) of the localization marker  3300  has been deployed into bodily tissue. The location or positioning of the untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can be set or determined based on a total length of the localization marker  3300  and the desired number of progression markers. 
       FIG. 33C  illustrates that the localization marker  3300  can have a substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302 . For example, the cross-section of the localization marker  3300  shown in  FIG. 33C  can be taken along cross-section B-B of  FIG. 33B . The cross-section shown in  FIG. 33C  can be a transverse cross-section of the localization marker  3300 . The localization marker  3300  can maintain the D-shaped cross-section  3302  when in the constrained configuration  3308 , the deployed configuration  3310 , or a combination thereof.  FIG. 33C  also illustrates that the exterior profile of the cross-section of the localization marker  3300  can be substantially D-shaped. 
     The dorsal side  3312  of the localization marker  3300  can be substantially convex or curved. The ventral side  3314  of the localization marker  3300  can be substantially flat. The localization marker  3300  can have a cross-sectional width  3328  and a cross-sectional height  3330  as measured from the ventral side  3314  to an apex  3332  of the convex or curved dorsal side  3312 . 
     The cross-sectional width  3328  can range from about 0.90 mm to about 1.20 mm. For example, the cross-sectional width  3328  can be about 1.12 mm. The cross-sectional height  3330  can range from about 0.40 mm to about 0.51 mm. For example, the cross-sectional height  3330  can be about 0.46 mm. The convex or curved dorsal side  3312  can also be defined by a radius of curvature  3336 . The radius of curvature  3336  can range from about 0.50 mm to about 0.80 mm. For example, the radius of curvature of the convex or curved dorsal side  3312  can be about 0.69 mm. 
     The first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , or a combination thereof can be substantially perpendicular to the ventral side  3314 . The first lateral side  3316  can be substantially parallel to the second lateral side  3318 . The first lateral side  3316  and the second lateral side  3318  can each have a lateral side height  3334 . The lateral side height  3334  can range from about 0.10 mm to about 0.20 mm. The lateral side height  3334  can be about 0.15 mm. The first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , or a combination thereof can be curved or can be extensions of the curved dorsal side  3312 . 
       FIG. 33C  illustrates that the first lateral side  3316  can meet the ventral side  3314  at a first lateral-ventral corner  3338 . The first lateral side  3316  can also meet the dorsal side  3312  at a first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 . The second lateral side  3318  can meet the ventral side  3314  at a second lateral-ventral corner  3342 . The second lateral side  3318  can meet the dorsal side  3312  at a second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 . 
     The first lateral-ventral corner  3338 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3342 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 , or a combination thereof can be radiused or curved. The first lateral-ventral corner  3338 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3342 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 , or a combination thereof can have a corner radius dimension  3346  ranging from about 0.005 mm to about 0.025 mm. 
     At least a portion or segment of the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3338 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3342 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 , or a combination thereof can physically contact or scrape against a needle tip surface  3348  when the localization marker  3300  is deployed out of the needle lumen  3304 . At least a portion or segment of the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3338 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3342 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 , or a combination thereof can physically contact or scrape against a needle tip surface  3348  as the localization marker  3300  is translated longitudinally (e.g., distally or proximally) within the needle lumen  3304 . The needle tip surface  3348  can be a surface along a rim of the beveled needle tip of the delivery needle  3306 . For example, the needle tip surface  3348  can be a side surface along the rim of the beveled needle tip. 
     At least a portion or segment of the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3338 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3342 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 , or a combination thereof can physically contact or scrape against an inner lumen surface of the needle lumen  3304  as the localization marker  3300  is deployed out of the needle lumen  3304 . Moreover, at least a portion or segment of the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3338 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3342 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 , or a combination thereof can physically contact or scrape against an inner lumen surface of the needle lumen  3304  as the localization marker  3300  is translated longitudinally (e.g., distally or proximally) within the needle lumen  3304 . The shape of the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  of the localization marker  3300  can allow the localization marker  3300  to encounter less friction as the localization marker  3300  is translated within the needle lumen  3304 , deployed out of the delivery needle  3306 , or a combination thereof. 
       FIGS. 34A-34C  illustrate that a tissue localization device (e.g., the tissue localization device  100 , the tissue localization device  900 , or a combination thereof) can comprise a localization marker  3400  having a substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402 . The localization marker  3400  can be the localization element  116 , the localization element  930 , or combinations thereof. The localization marker  3400  can be used similar to the localization element  116 , the localization element  930 , the localization marker  3300 , or a combination thereof. The localization marker  3400  can be deployed out of the needle lumen  3304  (e.g., the needle lumen  918 ) of the delivery needle  3306  (e.g., the delivery needle  104  or the delivery needle  906 ) to delineate or mark a location or position of a suspect tissue mass (e.g., suspected cancerous tissue) within the body of a patient. For example, the localization marker  3400  can be deployed to delineate or mark a location or position of a suspect tissue mass within a breast, an abdomen, a leg, an arm, a back, a neck, a hand, a foot, a buttock, or a scrotum of the patient. The localization marker  3400  can interact or engage with or be operably coupled to other components of the tissue localization device disclosed herein (e.g., the tissue localization device  100 , the tissue localization device  900 , or a combination thereof). 
     The localization marker  3400  can have a first configuration when constrained within the needle lumen  3304  of the delivery needle  3306 . The first configuration can be a constrained configuration  3308 . The localization marker  3400  can be elongated and unfurled when positioned within the needle lumen  3304  in the constrained configuration  3308 . The localization marker  3400  can be shaped substantially as an elongate strip or ribbon when in the constrained configuration  3308 .  FIG. 34A  illustrates that the delivery needle  3306 , the localization marker  3400  in the constrained configuration  3308 , or a combination thereof can be oriented or defined by a longitudinal axis  3309 . 
     The localization marker  3400  can slidably translate within the needle lumen  3304 . The localization marker  3400  can slidably translate within the needle lumen  3304  along the longitudinal axis  3309  of the delivery needle  3306 . The localization marker  3400  can slidably translate in a distal (or forward) direction, a proximal (or backward) direction, or a combination thereof within the needle lumen  3304 . Similar to the localization element  116  or the localization element  930 , the localization marker  3400  can be detachably held by or can detachably interlock with a pusher (e.g., the pusher  4000  of  FIG. 40 , the pusher element  300  or the pusher element  920 ) when the localization marker  3400  is within the needle lumen  3304 . 
     The localization marker  3400  can attain a second configuration when deployed out of the needle lumen  3304  of the delivery needle  3306 . The second configuration can be a deployed configuration  3310 . The localization marker  3400  can be configured to curl or curve into a partial loop when in the deployed configuration  3310 . The localization marker  3400  can be configured to curl or curve into a substantially circular partial loop when in the deployed configuration  3310 . 
     The deployed configuration  3310  can be a predetermined shape or configuration of the localization marker  3400 . For example, the deployed configuration  3310  can be a shape memory configuration obtained by heat setting the localization marker  3400  during its manufacturing process. The localization marker  3400  can automatically transform into its deployed configuration  3310  when translated out of the constrained environment of the needle lumen  3304 . 
     The localization marker  3400  can have or be defined by a dorsal side  3312 , a ventral side  3314 , a first lateral side  3316 , and a second lateral side  3318 . As illustrated in  FIGS. 34A and 34B , the localization marker  3400  can have a number of echogenic surface features defined along its dorsal side  3312 , ventral side  3314 , first lateral side  3316 , second lateral side  3318 , or a combination thereof to improve or enhance the echogenicity of the localization marker  3400  under ultrasound. 
       FIGS. 34A and 34B  illustrate that the localization marker  3400  can have a plurality of through holes  3320  defined along a length of the localization marker  3400 . The through holes  3320  can be bores or openings that extend through the entire thickness or depth of the localization marker  3400 . The through holes  3320  can extend from the dorsal side  3312  of the localization marker  3400  to the ventral side  3314 . The through holes  3320  can trap small pockets of air or bodily fluids when the localization marker  3400  is deployed within the body of the patient. The pockets of air or bodily fluids trapped within the spaces or cavities defined by the through holes  3320  can enhance the echogenicity of the localization marker  3400  since such media is materially different from the solid (e.g., metallic) body of the localization marker  3400  and the surrounding tissue. The interfaces created by these pockets of air or bodily fluids and the surrounding solid marker and bodily tissue can be detected as imperfections or discontinuities by the ultrasound machine. The through holes  3320  can have a hole diameter ranging from about 0.05 mm to about 0.80 mm. 
       FIGS. 34A and 34B  also illustrate that the localization marker  3400  can have a plurality of etch marks  3322  defined along the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , or a combination thereof. The etch marks  3322  can be surface indentations or cuts made along a surface of the localization marker  3400 . The etch marks  3322  can take the form of dimples, linear or diagonal furrows, groove marks, zig-zag marks, pockmarks, blast marks, or a combination thereof. The etch marks  3322  can improve or enhance the echogenicity of the localization marker  3400  when the localization marker  3400  is imaged by ultrasound on its side. For example,  FIGS. 18A-18E  illustrate certain side deployments of localization elements and markers within bodily tissue. The etch marks  3322  can have a mark depth. The mark depth can range from about 0.02 mm to about 0.10 mm. Similar to the through holes  3320 , the etch marks  3322  can trap small pockets of air or bodily fluids when the localization marker  3400  is deployed within bodily tissue. The pockets of air or bodily fluids trapped within the cavities or spaces defined by the etch marks  3322  can enhance the echogenicity of the lateral sides of the localization marker  3400  since such media is materially different from the solid (e.g., metallic) body of the localization marker  3400  and the surrounding tissue. The interfaces created by these pockets of air or bodily fluids and the surrounding solid marker and bodily tissue can be detected as imperfections or discontinuities by the ultrasound machine. 
       FIG. 34A  illustrates that the through holes  3320  can be separated by one or more untreated marker segments  3324 . The through holes  3320  can be separated circumferentially by the one or more untreated marker segments  3324 . The untreated marker segments  3324  can be segments of the localization marker  3400  not having through holes  3320  drilled or pierced through the body of the marker. The untreated marker segments  3324  can be substantially smooth, electro-polished, or a combination thereof. The untreated marker segments  3324  can comprise an oxide finish or be covered by an oxide layer. The untreated marker segments  3324  can separate the localization marker  3400  into multiple holed-segments along the length of the localization marker  3400 . When the localization marker  3400  is in the deployed configuration  3310 , the untreated marker segments  3324  can separate the localization marker  3400  into multiple circumferential holed-segments along the circumference of the partial loop formed by the localization marker  3400 . 
       FIG. 34A  also illustrates that the etch marks  3322  can be separated by one or more untreated side segments  3326 . The etch marks  3322  can be separated circumferentially by the one or more untreated side segments  3326 . The untreated side segments  3326  can be segments of the lateral sides of the localization marker  3400  (e.g., the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , or a combination thereof) not having etch marks  3322  defined along the lateral sides of the marker. The untreated side segments  3326  can be substantially smooth, electro-polished, or a combination thereof. The untreated side segments  3326  can comprise an oxide finish or be covered by an oxide layer. The untreated side segments  3326  can separate the lateral sides of the localization marker  3400  into multiple etched-segments along the length of the localization marker  3400 . When the localization marker  3400  is in the deployed configuration  3310 , the untreated side segments  3326  can separate the localization marker  3400  into multiple circumferential etched-segments along the circumference of the partial loop formed by the localization marker  3400 . 
     The untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can allow a surgeon, physician, clinician, or operator of the tissue localization device to determine or keep track of a deployment progress of the localization marker  3400 . The untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can appear differently than the treated segments (e.g., the segments comprising the through holes  3320  and the etch marks  3322 ) in diagnostic images taken of the deployed localization marker  3400 . The untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can allow a surgeon, physician, clinician, or operator of the tissue localization device to determine whether a predetermined length or segment (e.g., one-half, one-quarter, one-third, two-thirds, three-quarters, or a combination thereof) of the localization marker  3400  has been deployed into bodily tissue. The location or positioning of the untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can be set or determined based on a total length of the localization marker  3400  and the desired number of progression markers. 
       FIG. 34C  illustrates that the localization marker  3400  can have a substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402 . For example, the cross-section of the localization marker  3400  shown in  FIG. 34C  can be taken along cross-section C-C of  FIG. 34B . The cross-section shown in  FIG. 34C  can be a transverse cross-section of the localization marker  3400 . The localization marker  3400  can maintain the rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402  when in the constrained configuration  3308 , the deployed configuration  3310 , or a combination thereof.  FIG. 34C  also illustrates that the exterior profile of the cross-section of the localization marker  3400  can be substantially rectangular-shaped. 
     As shown in  FIG. 34C , the dorsal side  3312  of the localization marker  3400  can be substantially flat. The ventral side  3314  of the localization marker  3400  can also be substantially flat.  FIG. 34C  illustrates that the first lateral side  3316  can meet the ventral side  3314  at a first lateral-ventral corner  3338 . The first lateral side  3316  can also meet the dorsal side  3312  at a first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 . The second lateral side  3318  can meet the ventral side  3314  at a second lateral-ventral corner  3342 . The second lateral side  3318  can meet the dorsal side  3312  at a second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 . 
     At least a portion or segment of the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3338 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3342 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 , or a combination thereof of the localization marker  3400  can physically contact or scrape against a needle tip surface  3348  as the localization marker  3400  is deployed out of the needle lumen  3304 . Moreover, at least a portion or segment of the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3338 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3342 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 , or a combination thereof of the localization marker  3400  can physically contact or scrape against a needle tip surface  3348  as the localization marker  3400  is translated longitudinally (e.g., distally or proximally) within the needle lumen  3304 . The needle tip surface  3348  can be a surface along a rim of the beveled needle tip of the delivery needle  3306 . For example, the needle tip surface  3348  can be a side surface along the rim of the beveled needle tip. 
     At least a portion or segment of the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3338 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3342 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 , or a combination thereof of the localization marker  3400  can physically contact or scrape against an inner lumen surface of the needle lumen  3304  as the localization marker  3400  is deployed out of the needle lumen  3304 . Moreover, at least a portion or segment of the first lateral side  3316 , the second lateral side  3318 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3338 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3340 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3342 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3344 , or a combination thereof of the localization marker  3400  can physically contact or scrape against an inner lumen surface of the needle lumen  3304  as the localization marker  3400  is translated longitudinally (e.g., distally or proximally) within the needle lumen  3304 . These regions or zones of contact are shown as rectangular zones of contact  3404  in  FIG. 34C . 
       FIG. 34D  illustrates that the variation of the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  can have smaller zones or regions of contact  3406  than the zones or regions of contact  3404  of the localization marker  3400  having the substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402 . 
     The shape of the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  of the localization marker  3300  can allow the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  to encounter less friction as compared to the localization marker  3400  having the substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3302  as the localization marker  3300  is translated within the needle lumen  3304 , deployed out of the delivery needle  3306 , or a combination thereof. A physician, surgeon, clinician, or operator of the tissue localization device can apply less force (e.g., pushing force, pulling force, or a combination thereof) to a slidable delivery control (e.g., the slidable delivery control  904 ) to translate the variation of the localization marker  3300  having the D-shaped cross-section  3302  out of the delivery needle than the variation of the localization marker  3400  having the rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402 . As such, the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  can improve the overall usability and maneuverability of the tissue localization device when the tissue localization device comprises such a localization marker  3300 . 
       FIG. 35A  illustrates that an ultrasound transducer  3500  can be positioned on a skin surface  3502  above a deployed localization marker (e.g., the localization marker  3300  or the localization marker  3400 ) where an image plane  3504  of the ultrasound transducer  3500  is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis  3309  of the delivery needle  3306 . 
       FIG. 35B  illustrates that a clinician or operator can position the ultrasound transducer  3500  in a variety of different ways such that an angle of insonation  3506  made by the sound waves emitted by the transducer and an incidence plane  3508  (e.g., an exterior surface of the localization marker or a plane denoting an interface between tissue and the marker) is an acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle. For example, once the ultrasound transducer  3500  has made contact with the skin surface  3502  of the patient, a clinician or operator holding the transducer will often rock the ultrasound transducer  3500  to-and-fro until at least part of the localization marker is visible in the image plane  3504 . 
       FIG. 35C  illustrates that imaging using ultrasound can be challenging or difficult when the deployed localization marker has a substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 35C , if the clinician or operator is fortunate enough to have aligned the ultrasound transducer  3500  directly over the localization marker  3400  such that the angle of insonation  3506  is approximately 90 degrees, the sound waves can be reflected back to the ultrasound transducer  3500  (e.g., reflected perpendicular to the dorsal side  3312  of the localization marker  3400 ) and the localization marker  3400  can be visible under ultrasound. 
     In most cases, however, the surgeon, clinician, or operator will have aligned the ultrasound transducer  3500  such that the angle of insonation  3506  is at an acute angle (e.g., between about 1 degree and 89 degrees) or at an obtuse angle (e.g., between about 91 degrees and 179 degrees). In these situations, at least some of the sound waves emitted can be reflected off the dorsal side  3312  of the localization marker  3400  and the echo received at the ultrasound transducer  3500  can be weak or negligible and the localization marker  3400  can appear barely visible or not visible under ultrasound. As such, a clinician or operator using a variation of the localization marker  3400  having the substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402  can become frustrated or spend an inordinate amount of time attempting to image and locate the deployed localization marker  3400 . 
       FIG. 35D  illustrates that one advantage of the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  over the localization marker  3400  having the substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402  is the ability of the convex or curved dorsal side  3312  of the D-shaped localization marker  3300  to reflect more of the emitted sound waves back to the ultrasound transducer  3500  regardless of the angle of insonation  3506 . For example, even when the ultrasound transducer  3500  is not positioned directly over the apex  3332  of the localization marker, at least part of the convex or curved dorsal side  3312  of the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  can present a surface which is normal or substantially perpendicular to the sound waves emitted by the ultrasound transducer  3500 . This can make the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  more easy to image using ultrasound. The localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  can thereby improve the overall usability of the entire tissue localization device or system. 
       FIGS. 36A-36D  illustrate that the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  can provide imaging advantages over the localization marker  3400  having the substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402  even when the image plane  3504  of the ultrasound transducer  3500  is positioned collinear with the longitudinal axis  3309  of the delivery needle  3306 . The image plane  3504  can be considered collinear with the longitudinal axis  3309  when two or more co-planar points on the image plane  3504  are collinear with the longitudinal axis  3309 . 
       FIG. 36B  illustrates that a clinician or operator can position the ultrasound transducer  3500  in a variety of different ways over a deployed marker site such that an angle of insonation  3506  made by the sound waves emitted by the transducer and an incidence plane  3508  (e.g., an exterior surface of the localization marker or a plane denoting an interface between tissue and the marker) is an acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle. For example, once the ultrasound transducer  3500  has made contact with the skin surface  3502  of the patient, a clinician or operator holding the transducer will often fan the ultrasound transducer  3500  to-and-fro until at least part of the localization marker is visible in the image plane  3504 . 
       FIGS. 36C and 36D  illustrate that that one advantage of the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  over the localization marker  3400  having the substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402  is the ability of the convex or curved dorsal side  3312  of the D-shaped localization marker  3300  to reflect more of the emitted sound waves back to the ultrasound transducer  3500  regardless of the insonation angle  3506 . For example, even when the ultrasound transducer  3500  is not positioned directly over the apex  3332  of the localization marker, at least part of the convex or curved dorsal side  3312  of the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  can present a surface which is normal or substantially perpendicular to the sound waves emitted by the ultrasound transducer  3500 . This can make the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  more conducive to imaging using ultrasound. Such advantages hold true even when the image plane  3504  of the ultrasound transducer  3500  is positioned collinear with the longitudinal axis  3309  of the delivery needle  3306 . 
       FIGS. 37A-37B  illustrate a variation of a localization marker  3700  having a biconvex cross-section  3702 . The localization marker  3700  can be the localization element  116 , the localization element  930 , or combinations thereof. The localization marker  3700  can be used similar to the localization element  116 , the localization element  930 , the localization marker  3300 , the localization marker  3400 , or a combination thereof. The localization marker  3700  can be deployed out of a needle lumen (e.g., the needle lumen  3304  or the needle lumen  918 ) of a delivery needle (e.g., the delivery needle  3306 , the delivery needle  104 , or the delivery needle  906 ) to delineate or mark a location or position of a suspect tissue mass (e.g., suspected cancerous tissue) within the body of a patient. For example, the localization marker  3700  can be deployed to delineate or mark a location or position of a suspect tissue mass within a breast, an abdomen, a leg, an arm, a back, a neck, a hand, a foot, a buttock, or a scrotum of the patient. The localization marker  3700  can interact or engage with or be operably coupled to other components of the various tissue localization devices disclosed herein. 
     The localization marker  3700  can have a first configuration when constrained within the needle lumen of the delivery needle. The first configuration can be a constrained configuration. The localization marker  3700  can be elongated and unfurled when positioned within the needle lumen in the constrained configuration. The localization marker  3700  can be shaped substantially as an elongate strip or ribbon when in the constrained configuration. 
     The localization marker  3700  can slidably translate within the needle lumen. The localization marker  3700  can slidably translate within the needle lumen along a longitudinal axis  3309  of the delivery needle. The localization marker  3700  can slidably translate in a distal (or forward) direction, a proximal (or backward) direction, or a combination thereof within the needle lumen. Similar to the localization element  116 , the localization element  930 , the localization marker  3300 , or the localization marker  3400 , the localization marker  3700  can be detachably held by or can detachably interlock with a pusher (e.g., the pusher  4000  of  FIG. 40 , the pusher element  300 , or the pusher element  920 ) when the localization marker  3700  is within the needle lumen. 
     The localization marker  3700  can attain a second configuration when deployed out of the needle lumen of the delivery needle. The second configuration can be a deployed configuration. The localization marker  3700  can be configured to curl or curve into a partial loop when in the deployed configuration. The localization marker  3700  can be configured to curl or curve into a substantially circular partial loop when in the deployed configuration. 
     The deployed configuration can be a predetermined shape or configuration of the localization marker  3700 . For example, the deployed configuration can be a shape memory configuration obtained by heat setting the localization marker  3700  during its manufacturing process. The localization marker  3700  can automatically transform into its deployed configuration when translated out of the constrained environment of the needle lumen. 
       FIG. 37B  illustrates that the localization marker  3700  can have a biconvex cross-section  3702 . For example, the cross-section of the localization marker  3700  shown in  FIG. 37B  can be taken along cross-section D-D of  FIG. 37A . The cross-section shown in  FIG. 37B  can be a transverse cross-section of the localization marker  3700 . The localization marker  3700  can maintain the biconvex cross-section  3702  when in the constrained configuration, the deployed configuration, or a combination thereof.  FIG. 37B  also illustrates that the exterior profile of the cross-section of the localization marker  3700  can be biconvex-shaped. 
     The localization marker  3700  can have or be defined by a dorsal side  3704 , a ventral side  3706 , a first lateral side  3708 , and a second lateral side  3710 . The dorsal side  3704  of the localization marker  3700  can be substantially convex or outwardly curved. The ventral side  3706  of the localization marker  3700  can also be substantially convex or outwardly curved. 
     The localization marker  3700  can have a cross-sectional width  3712  and a cross-sectional height  3714  as measured from a first apex  3716  of the convex ventral side  3706  to a second apex  3718  of the convex dorsal side  3704 . The cross-sectional width  3712  can range from about 0.90 mm to about 1.20 mm. For example, the cross-sectional width  3712  can be about 1.12 mm. The cross-sectional height  3714  can range from about 0.40 mm to about 0.51 mm. For example, the cross-sectional height  3714  can be about 0.46 mm. The convex or outwardly curved dorsal side  3704  and the convex or outwardly curved ventral side  3706  can each be defined by a radius of curvature  3720 . The radius of curvature  3720  can range from about 0.60 mm to about 1.20 mm. For example, the radius of curvature  3720  can be about 1.14 mm. The radius of curvature  3720  of the ventral side  3706  can be the same as the radius of curvature  3720  of the dorsal side  3704 . The radius of curvature  3720  of the ventral side  3706  can be different from the radius of curvature  3720  of the dorsal side  3704 . 
     The first lateral side  3708  can be substantially parallel to the second lateral side  3710 . In other variations, the first lateral side  3708  and the second lateral side  3710  can be curved or bowed. The first lateral side  3708  and the second lateral side  3710  can each have a lateral side height  3722 . The lateral side height  3722  can range from about 0.10 mm to about 0.20 mm. The lateral side height  3722  can be about 0.18 mm. 
       FIG. 37B  illustrates that the first lateral side  3708  can meet the ventral side  3706  at a first lateral-ventral corner  3724 . The first lateral side  3708  can also meet the dorsal side  3704  at a first lateral-dorsal corner  3726 . The second lateral side  3710  can meet the ventral side  3706  at a second lateral-ventral corner  3728 . The second lateral side  3710  can meet the dorsal side  3704  at a second lateral-dorsal corner  3730 . 
     The first lateral-ventral corner  3724 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3726 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3728 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3730 , or a combination thereof can be radiused or curved. The first lateral-ventral corner  3724 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3726 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3728 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3730 , or a combination thereof can have a corner radius dimension ranging from about 0.005 mm to about 0.025 mm. 
     At least a portion or segment of the first lateral side  3708 , the second lateral side  3710 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3724 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3726 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3728 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3730 , or a combination thereof of the localization marker  3700  can physically contact or scrape against an inner lumen surface of the needle lumen as the localization marker  3700  is deployed out of the needle lumen. Moreover, at least a portion or segment of first lateral side  3708 , the second lateral side  3710 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3724 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3726 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3728 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3730 , or a combination thereof of the localization marker  3700  can physically contact or scrape against an inner lumen surface of the needle lumen as the localization marker  3400  is translated longitudinally (e.g., distally or proximally) within the needle lumen. These regions or zones of contact are shown as biconvex zones of contact  3732  in  FIG. 37B . 
     Moreover, at least a portion or segment of the first lateral side  3708 , the second lateral side  3710 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3724 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3726 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3728 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3730 , or a combination thereof of the localization marker  3700  can physically contact or scrape against a needle tip surface  3348  (see  FIG. 33A  or  FIG. 34A ) as the localization marker  3700  is deployed out of the needle lumen. Moreover, at least a portion or segment of the first lateral side  3708 , the second lateral side  3710 , the first lateral-ventral corner  3724 , the first lateral-dorsal corner  3726 , the second lateral-ventral corner  3728 , the second lateral-dorsal corner  3730 , or a combination thereof of the localization marker  3700  can physically contact or scrape against the needle tip surface  3348  as the localization marker  3700  is translated longitudinally (e.g., distally or proximally) within the needle lumen. The needle tip surface  3348  can be a surface along a rim of the beveled needle tip of the delivery needle. For example, the needle tip surface  3348  can be a side surface along the rim of the beveled needle tip. 
       FIG. 37B  also illustrates that the localization marker  3700  having the biconvex cross-section  3702  can have smaller zones or regions of contact  3732  than the zones or regions of contact  3404  of the localization marker  3400  having the substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402 . Moreover, the localization marker  3700  having the biconvex cross-section  3702  can even have smaller zones or regions of contact  3732  than the zones or regions of contact  3406  of the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302 . 
     The shape of the substantially biconvex cross-section  3702  of the localization marker  3700  can allow the localization marker  3700  to encounter less friction as compared to the localization marker  3400  having the substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402  (or even than localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302 ) as the localization marker  3700  is translated within the needle lumen, deployed out of the delivery needle, or a combination thereof. A physician, surgeon, clinician, or operator of the tissue localization device can apply less force (e.g., pushing force, pulling force, or a combination thereof) to a slidable delivery control (e.g., the slidable delivery control  904 ) to translate the variation of the localization marker  3700  having the biconvex cross-section  3702  out of the delivery needle than the variation of the localization marker  3400  having the rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402  (or even the variations of the localization marker  3300  having the D-shaped cross-section  3302 ). As such, the localization marker  3700  having the biconvex cross-section  3702  can improve the overall usability and maneuverability of the tissue localization device when the tissue localization device comprises such a localization marker  3700 . 
     The localization marker  3700  can have a number of echogenic surface features defined along its dorsal side  3704 , ventral side  3706 , first lateral side  3708 , second lateral side  3710 , or a combination thereof to improve or enhance the echogenicity of the localization marker  3700  under ultrasound. 
     The localization marker  3700  can have a plurality of through holes (see, for example, the through holes  3320  in  FIGS. 33A and 33B ) defined along a length of the localization marker  3700 . The through holes can be bores or openings that extend through the entire thickness or depth of the localization marker  3700 . The through holes can extend from the dorsal side  3704  of the localization marker  3700  to the ventral side  3706 . The through holes can trap small pockets of air or bodily fluids when the localization marker  3700  is deployed within the body of the patient. The pockets of air or bodily fluids trapped within the spaces or cavities defined by the through holes can enhance the echogenicity of the localization marker  3700  since such media is materially different from the solid (e.g., metallic) body of the localization marker  3700  and the surrounding tissue. The interfaces created by these pockets of air or bodily fluids and the surrounding solid marker and bodily tissue can be detected as imperfections or discontinuities by the ultrasound machine. The through holes can have a hole diameter ranging from about 0.05 mm to about 0.80 mm. 
     The localization marker  3700  can have a plurality of etch marks (see, for example, the etch marks  3322  in  FIGS. 33A and 33B ) defined along the first lateral side  3708 , the second lateral side  3710 , or a combination thereof. The etch marks can be surface indentations or cuts made along a surface of the localization marker  3700 . The etch marks can take the form of dimples, linear or diagonal furrows, groove marks, zig-zag marks, pockmarks, blast marks, or a combination thereof. The etch marks can improve or enhance the echogenicity of the localization marker  3700  when the localization marker  3700  is imaged by ultrasound on its side. For example,  FIGS. 18A-18E  illustrate certain side deployments of localization elements and markers within bodily tissue. 
     The etch marks can have a mark depth. The mark depth can range from about 0.02 mm to about 0.10 mm. Similar to the through holes, the etch marks can trap small pockets of air or bodily fluids when the localization marker  3700  is deployed within bodily tissue. The pockets of air or bodily fluids trapped within the cavities or spaces defined by the etch marks can enhance the echogenicity of the lateral sides of the localization marker  3700  since such media is materially different from the solid (e.g., metallic) body of the localization marker  3700  and the surrounding tissue. The interfaces created by these pockets of air or bodily fluids and the surrounding solid marker and bodily tissue can be detected as imperfections or discontinuities by the ultrasound machine. 
     The through holes can be separated by one or more untreated marker segments (see, for example, the untreated marker segments  3324  in  FIG. 33A ). The through holes can be separated circumferentially by the one or more untreated marker segments. The untreated marker segments can be segments of the localization marker  3700  not having through holes drilled or pierced through the body of the marker. The untreated marker segments can be substantially smooth, electro-polished, or a combination thereof. The untreated marker segments can comprise an oxide finish or be covered by an oxide layer. The untreated marker segments can separate the localization marker  3700  into multiple holed-segments along the length of the localization marker  3700 . When the localization marker  3700  is in the deployed configuration, the untreated marker segments can separate the localization marker  3700  into multiple circumferential holed-segments along the circumference of the partial loop formed by the localization marker  3700 . 
     The etch marks can also be separated by one or more untreated side segments. The etch marks can be separated circumferentially by the one or more untreated side segments. The untreated side segments can be segments of the lateral sides of the localization marker  3700  (e.g., the first lateral side  3708 , the second lateral side  3710 , or a combination thereof) not having etch marks defined along the lateral sides of the marker. The untreated side segments can be substantially smooth, electro-polished, or a combination thereof. The untreated side segments can comprise an oxide finish or be covered by an oxide layer. The untreated side segments can separate the lateral sides of the localization marker  3700  into multiple etched-segments along the length of the localization marker  3700 . When the localization marker  3700  is in the deployed configuration, the untreated side segments can separate the localization marker  3700  into multiple circumferential etched-segments along the circumference of the partial loop formed by the localization marker  3700 . 
     The untreated marker segments, the untreated side segments, or a combination thereof can allow a surgeon, physician, clinician, or operator of the tissue localization device to determine or keep track of a deployment progress of the localization marker  3700 . The untreated marker segments, the untreated side segments, or a combination thereof can appear differently than the treated segments (e.g., the segments comprising the through holes and the etch marks) in diagnostic images taken of the deployed localization marker  3700 . The untreated marker segments, the untreated side segments, or a combination thereof can allow a surgeon, physician, clinician, or operator of the tissue localization device to determine whether a predetermined length or segment (e.g., one-half, one-quarter, one-third, two-thirds, three-quarters, or a combination thereof) of the localization marker  3700  has been deployed into bodily tissue. The location or positioning of the untreated marker segments, the untreated side segments, or a combination thereof can be set or determined based on a total length of the localization marker  3700  and the desired number of progression markers. 
       FIG. 37C  illustrates that that one advantage of the localization marker  3700  having the biconvex cross-section  3702  over the localization marker  3400  having the substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402  and the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section is the ability of the convex dorsal side  3704  and the convex ventral side  3706  of the biconvex localization marker  3700  to reflect more of the emitted sound waves back to the ultrasound transducer  3500  regardless of the insonation angle. For example, even when the ultrasound transducer  3500  is not positioned directly over the first apex  3716  or the second apex  3718  of the localization marker  3700 , at least part of the convex or curved dorsal side  3704  and the convex or curved ventral side  3706  of the localization marker  3700  can present a surface which is normal or substantially perpendicular to the sound waves emitted by the ultrasound transducer  3500 . This can make the localization marker  3700  having the biconvex cross-section  3702  more conducive to imaging using ultrasound than other variations of the localization marker. Such advantages hold true even when the image plane  3504  of the ultrasound transducer  3500  is positioned collinear or perpendicular with the longitudinal axis  3309  of the delivery needle. 
       FIG. 38A  illustrates a side view of a variation of the localization marker  3800  having an echogenic surface treatment along a lateral side  3802  of the localization marker  3800 . The localization marker  3800  can be or refer to any of the localization marker  3300  having the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302 , the localization marker  3400  having the substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402 , or the localization marker  3700  having the biconvex cross-section  3702 . The echogenic surface treatment can comprise a number of etch marks  3322  defined along the lateral side  3802  of the localization marker  3800 . The etch marks  3322  can be made by laser etching, sand-blasting or bead-blasting, other abrasive surface treatment techniques, or a combination thereof. The etched portions of the lateral side  3802  can be covered by an oxide finish or oxide layer. 
     The etch marks  3322  can be separated circumferentially by one or more untreated side segments  3326 . The untreated side segments  3326  can be segments of the lateral side  3802  of the localization marker  3800  not having etch marks  3322  defined along the lateral side surface. The untreated side segments  3326  can be substantially smooth, electro-polished, or a combination thereof. The untreated side segments  3326  can comprise an oxide finish or be covered by an oxide layer. The untreated side segments  3326  can separate the lateral sides of the localization marker  3800  into multiple etched-segments along at least part of the length of the localization marker  3800 . When the localization marker  3800  is in the deployed configuration as shown in  FIG. 38A  (e.g., configured into a partial loop), the untreated side segments  3326  can separate the localization marker  3800  into multiple circumferential etched-segments along the circumference of the partial loop formed by the localization marker  3800 . 
     The untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can allow a surgeon, physician, clinician, or operator of the tissue localization device to determine or keep track of a deployment progress of the localization marker  3800 . The untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can appear differently than the treated segments (e.g., the segments comprising the through holes  3320  and the etch marks  3322 ) in diagnostic images taken of the deployed localization marker  3800 . The untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can allow a surgeon, physician, clinician, or operator of the tissue localization device to determine whether a predetermined length or segment (e.g., one-half, one-quarter, one-third, two-thirds, three-quarters, or a combination thereof) of the localization marker  3800  has been deployed into bodily tissue. The location or positioning of the untreated marker segments  3324 , the untreated side segments  3326 , or a combination thereof can be set or determined based on a total length of the localization marker  3800  and the desired number of progression markers. 
       FIG. 38A  also illustrates that the localization marker  3800  can have a distal marker portion  3804  comprising a beveled marker tip  3810 , a proximal marker portion  3806  configured to detachably couple to a pusher (see e.g., the pusher  4000  of  FIG. 40  and pusher element  920  of  FIG. 9, 11A-11F, 12, 13B-13C, 14D-14E, 27 , or  28 B), and an intermediate marker portion  3808  in between the distal marker portion  3804  and the proximal marker portion  3806 . 
     The cross-section of the intermediate marker portion  3808  can be any of the substantially D-shaped cross-section  3302  (see  FIG. 33C ), the substantially rectangular-shaped cross-section  3402  (see  FIG. 34C ), or the biconvex cross-section  3702  (see  FIG. 37B ). The cross-section can be constant throughout the entire intermediate marker portion  3808  or can vary or change from one cross-section to another cross-section from one segment of the intermediate marker portion  3808  to another segment. 
       FIG. 38A  also illustrates that the localization marker  3800  can have a marker diameter  3812  when the localization marker  3800  is in the deployed configuration  3310  (i.e., shaped substantially as a circular partial loop). The marker diameter  3812  can range from about 15.0 mm to about 25.0 mm. For example, the marker diameter  3812  can be about 20.0 mm. The localization marker  3800  can also have a marker thickness  3814 . The marker thickness  3814  can be measured from a dorsal side of the localization marker  3800  to a ventral side. The marker thickness  3814  can range from about 0.40 mm to about 0.50 mm. For example, the marker thickness  3814  can be about 0.46 mm. 
       FIG. 38B  illustrates that a number of through holes  3320  can be defined along a length of the localization marker  3800 . The through holes  3320  can be bores or openings that extend through the entire thickness or depth of the localization marker  3800 . The through holes  3320  can be made in part by laser drilling, mechanical drilling, machine pressing, or a combination thereof. 
     The distal marker portion  3804  can comprise a beveled marker tip  3810 . The beveled marker tip  3810  can be used to cut or slice through tissue within the body of the patient. The beveled marker tip  3810  can have a bevel angle. The bevel angle can range from about 35 degrees to about 45 degrees. 
     The proximal marker portion  3806  can comprise a first interlocking segment  3818 . The first interlocking segment  3818  can comprise a pulling surface  3820 , a pushing surface  3822 , and a connecting portion  3824  in between the pulling surface  3820  and the pushing surface  3822 . The first interlocking segment  3818  can interlock or detachably join with a second interlocking segment  4002  of a pusher  4000  (see  FIG. 40 ) in order to allow the pusher  4000  to translate the localization marker  3800  longitudinally within the needle lumen  3304  and deploy the localization marker  3800  out of the needle lumen  3304 . 
     The proximal marker portion  3806  can also comprise an aperture  3826  or bore hole defined along the proximal marker portion  3806 . The aperture  3826  can allow a tracking wire  3900  to be thread through the aperture  3826  in order to fasten or otherwise couple the tracking wire  3900  to the proximal marker portion  3806  of the localization marker  3800 . 
       FIG. 38C  illustrates that the localization marker  3800  can also have a marker width  3816 . The marker width  3816  can be measured from one lateral side  3802  of the localization marker  3800  to another lateral side  3802 . The marker width  3816  can range from about 0.90 mm to about 1.50 mm. For example, the marker width  3816  can be about 1.14 mm. 
       FIGS. 39A-39C  illustrate that a tracking wire  3900  can be connected or otherwise coupled to the localization marker  3800 . The tracking wire  3900  shown in  FIGS. 39A, 39B, and 39C  can be the same as the tracking wire  126 , tracking wire  932 , or the tracking wire  3132  previously disclosed. The tracking wire  3900  can be made in part of a metal or metal alloy such as stainless steel, tungsten, or a combination thereof. The tracking wire  3900  can also be made in part of a biocompatible polymeric material. 
     The tracking wire  3900  can be a flexible cable that comprises or is composed of a number of metallic filaments, polymeric filaments, or a combination thereof. Each filament can be made in part of stainless steel, tungsten, polymer fibers, or a combination thereof. The tracking wire  3900  can comprise or be composed of between seven and 32 filaments (e.g.,  19  filaments). The multiple filaments of the tracking wire  3900  can be braided or intertwined together. Each of the filaments can have a filament diameter. The filament diameter can be between approximately 0.025 mm and 0.035 mm. For example, the filament diameter can be approximately 0.030 mm. 
     The tracking wire  3900  can have a wire length  3902 . The wire length  3902  can be measured from a wire distal end  3904  to a wire proximal end  3906 . The wire length  3902  can range from about 100.0 mm to about 260.0 mm. For example, the wire length  3902  can be about 254.0 mm. The tracking wire  3900  can also have a wire diameter. The wire diameter can range from about 0.125 mm to about 0.255 mm. For example, the wire diameter can be about 0.152 mm. The cable can be comprised of polymer fibers which can have an even greater filament or strand count (e.g., up to 100 polymer filaments or strands). 
     The tracking wire  3900  can be coupled to the proximal marker portion  3806 . The tracking wire  3900  can be coupled by being tied to or wound around a part of the proximal marker portion  3806 . A distal segment of the tracking wire  3900  in proximity to the wire distal end  3904  can also be thread through the aperture  3826  (see  FIG. 38B ) of the proximal marker portion  3806  and looped around so that the distal segment of the tracking wire  3900  is tied or welded together with a segment of the tracking wire  3900  more proximal to this distal segment at an attachment site  3904 . The attachment site  3908  can be a weld site, the site of a knot made by the tracking wire  3900 , an adhesive site, the site of a ferrule or other wire clamp, or a combination thereof. The attachment site  3908  can be about 18.0 mm to about 20.0 mm from a distal or terminal end of the tracking wire  3900 . The wire proximal end  3906  of the tracking wire  3900  can also be welded or tied together to ensure the tracking wire  3900  does not fray or unravel. 
     A polymer jacketing can cover or ensheath at least part of the tracking wire  3900 . The polymer jacketing can cover or ensheath the attachment site  3908 . The polymer jacketing can be a heat-shrink polymer or tube wrapped around the tracking wire  3900 . By covering the multiple filaments of the tracking wire  3900  with the polymer jacketing, the multiple filaments can be bound together and behave as one wire, making it easier for the clinician or operator to control and/or manipulate the tracking wire  3900 . 
       FIG. 39C  illustrates that the tracking wire  3900  can also comprise one or more identification markings  3910  made along a length of the tracking wire  3900 . The identification markings  3910  can be etchings or coated portions of the tracking wire  3900  (e.g., beneath the polymer jacketing) used to signify proximity to the localization marker  3800 . The identification markings  3910  can help a surgeon know when the surgeon is about to encounter the localization marker  3800  when extending the dissection through the tissue of the patient. In other variations, the identification markings  3910  can take the form of a ferrule (e.g., a stainless steel or tantalum ferrule), an additional layer or layers of polymer jacketing, colored polymer segments, or a combination thereof. The identification markings  3910  can be separated from the wire distal end  3904  by a distance ranging from about 10.0 mm to about 300.0 mm. 
     At least part of the tracking wire  3900  can be positioned within a lumen of the pusher  4000 , the delivery needle  3306 , a handle of the tissue localization device, or a combination thereof when the localization marker  3800  is detachably held by or detachably interlocks with the pusher  4000 . After the localization marker  3800  has been deployed within the body of the patient, a clinician or user can withdraw the delivery needle  3306  from a target tissue site and expose the tracking wire  3900 . 
     A method of localizing or marking tissue can comprise demarcating or delineating a suspect tissue mass using a deployed localization marker  3800 . The localization marker  3800  can curl or form into a partial loop surrounding or bounding the suspect tissue mass when in the deployed configuration. The localization marker  3800  can automatically disengage or detach from the pusher  4000  when a cutout  4006  (see  FIG. 40 ) defined along the pusher  4000  is advanced out of the needle lumen  3304 . 
     The method can include retracting a beveled distal end of the delivery needle  3306  away from the suspect tissue mass and exposing the tracking wire  3900  coupled to the localization marker  3800 . The method can include coiling, cutting, or coiling and cutting the segment of the tracking wire  3900  extending out of the tissue of the patient and securing (e.g., using Tegaderm™ or another biocompatible adhesive or dressing) the coiled or cut segment of the tracking wire  3900  directly or indirectly to the skin or patient dressing of the patient in. By doing so, the tracking wire  3900  extending out of the body of the patient can be secured closer to the body of the patient (e.g., flush with the skin surface) such that the tracking wire  3900  does not inadvertently pull or displace the localization maker  3800 . At this point, the patient can be sent home from the procedure and asked to return the following day or days for subsequent surgical excision of the localized suspect tissue mass. The suspect tissue mass can also be excised the same day. The same clinician who placed the localization marker  3800  into the body of the patient can also perform the excision procedure, such as the lumpectomy. 
     The tracking wire  3900  can serve as a tether to help indicate the location of the localization marker  3800 . By applying tension on the tracking wire  3900 , the clinician can detect via palpation and visual observation the estimated location of the deployed localization marker  3800 . 
       FIG. 40  illustrates that a pusher  4000  can be deployed out of a needle lumen  3304  of a delivery needle  3306 . The pusher  4000  can comprise a second interlocking segment  4002  configured to detachably or releasably interlock with the first interlocking segment  3818  (see  FIG. 38B ) of the localization marker  3800 . The pusher  4000  can also be covered partly by a liner  2700  (e.g., the stainless steel liner  2700 ). 
     The pusher  4000  can comprise a pusher distal end  4004 , a cutout  4006  defined along the pusher  4000  in proximity to the pusher distal end  4004 , and a proximal facing side  4008 . The pusher  4000  can also have a pusher lumen  4010  extending at least partly through the pusher  4000 . 
     The localization marker  3800  can be engaged or detachably held by the pusher  4000  when least part of the first interlocking segment  3818  seats or fits within part of the pusher lumen  4010 , the cutout  4006  defined along the pusher  4000 , or a combination thereof. For example, the connecting portion  3824  can seat or fit within a part of the pusher lumen  4010  in between the pusher distal end  4004  and the cutout  4006 . A proximal end of the localization marker  3800  can seat or fit within the cutout  4006 . 
     The localization marker  3800  can automatically detach or be dislodged from the pusher  4000  when at least part of the cutout  4006  is translated out of the needle lumen  3304  and the proximal end of the localization marker  3800  is no longer constrained or surrounded by the needle lumen  3304 . 
     The localization marker  3800  can be translated longitudinally in a distal direction when the pusher distal end  4004  pushes or applies a pushing force to the pushing surface  3822  (or shoulder portion) of the first interlocking segment  3818 . The localization marker  3800  can also be translated longitudinally in a proximal direction when the proximal facing side  4008  of the pusher  4000  pulls or applies a pulling force on the pulling surface  3820  of the first interlocking segment  3818 . The pusher  4000  can therefore push the localization marker  3800  out of the needle lumen  3304  or retract the localization marker  3800  back into the needle lumen  3304  in this manner. 
     The pusher  4000  can be translated longitudinally within the needle lumen  3304  by a delivery control (e.g., the slidable delivery control) coupled to the pusher  4000 . Therefore, applying a pushing or pulling force to the delivery control can translate the localization marker  3800  longitudinally within the needle lumen  3304  or out of the needle lumen  3304 . The localization marker  3800  can be configured to curl or curve into a partial loop when deployed out of the needle lumen  3304 . The localization marker  3800  can begin to form into the partial loop deployment configuration as soon as at least part of the localization marker  3800  is translated by the pusher  4000  out of the needle lumen  3304 . The localization marker  3800  can automatically or spontaneously separate or detach from the pusher  4000  when the localization marker  3800  fully forms into the partial loop. The first interlocking segment  3818  of the localization marker  3800  can become dislodged or spontaneously extricate itself from the second interlocking segment  4002  of the pusher  4000  when the second interlocking segment  4002  is translated out of the needle lumen  3304  or when a clinician or user moves the delivery needle  3306  away from the localization marker  3800 . Even after the second interlocking segment  4002  of the pusher  4000  is translated out of the needle lumen  3304 , the localization marker  3800  can still be retracted back into the needle lumen  3304  if the first interlocking segment  3818  has not become fully dislodged or separated from the second interlocking segment  4002 . 
       FIGS. 41A-41B  illustrate that a tissue localization system  4100  can comprise a tissue localization device  4102 , an adjustable arm  4104  configured to hold the tissue localization device  4102 , and a surface adhering base  4106  coupled to the adjustable arm  4104  and configured to removably adhere to a surface  4108 . 
     The tissue localization device  4102  can comprise a delivery needle  4110 . The tissue localization device  4102  can be the same as the tissue localization device  100  (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 1A-2B, and 7 ) or the tissue localization device  900  (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 9-10C, 12, 27, 29H, 29J, and 30A-30B ). 
     The tissue localization device  4102  can comprise a delivery needle  4110  extending from a handle  4112 . The tissue localization device  4102  can also comprise a slidable delivery control  4114  positioned radially outward of the handle  4112  and coupled to a pusher tube or element positioned partly within a handle lumen and a needle lumen of the delivery needle  4110 . 
     Although not shown in  FIGS. 41A and 41B , a localization marker or element (e.g., any of the localization marker  3300 , the localization marker  3400 , the localization marker  3700 , the localization element  116 , or the localization element  930 ) can slidably translate within the needle lumen. The localization marker or element can slidably translate when a force is applied to the slidable delivery control  4114  in a first longitudinal direction  4116  (e.g., a pushing force) or in a second longitudinal direction  4118  (e.g., a pulling force) opposite the first longitudinal direction  4116 . 
     The slidable delivery control  4114  can be the same as the slidable delivery control  904  shown in  FIGS. 9, 10A-10D, 12, 23B-23D, 27, 28A-28B, 29H, and 29J ). The handle  4112  can be the same as the handle  902  shown in  FIGS. 9, 10A-10D, 12, 23B-23D, 23F-23G, 28A-28B, 29H, and 29J ). The needle lumen can be the same as the needle lumen  918 , the needle lumen  3304 , or a combination thereof. The pusher or pusher element can be the same as the pusher  4000 , the pusher element  300 , the pusher element  920 , the pusher element  2520 , or a combination thereof. 
     The localization marker or element can be configured to detach from the remainder of the tissue localization device  4102  when the localization marker or element is translated at least partially out of the needle lumen by the pusher or pusher element. The localization marker or element can also be configured to be retracted back into the needle lumen when a user or operator applies a force in the second longitudinal direction  4118  to the slidable delivery control  4114 . The localization marker or element can be retracted back into the needle lumen even when at least part of the localization marker or element has been deployed out of the needle lumen. The localization marker or element can be configured to curl into a partial loop when translated out of the needle lumen of the tissue localization device  4102 . 
     The adjustable arm  4104  of the tissue localization system  4100  can comprise a securing component. The securing component can be coupled to an end or terminus of the adjustable arm  4104 . In other variations, the securing component can be coupled along a length of the adjustable arm  4104  or proximal to the end or terminus of the adjustable arm  4104 .  FIGS. 41A and 41B  illustrate that the securing component can be a clip  4120 . For example, the clip  4120  can be a substantially U-shaped panel clip or wire clip. The clip  4120  can be made in part of a metallic material or alloy, a polymeric material or copolymer, or a combination thereof. For example, the clip  4120  can be made in part of stainless steel, nickel titanium (Nitinol), nylon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), other types of thermoplastics or shape-memory polymers, rubber, or a combination thereof. The clip  4120  can hold on to the handle  4112  of the tissue localization device  4102  by compressing the sides of the handle  4112 , via an interference fit, or a combination thereof. One benefit of a substantially U-shaped panel or wire clip  4120  is that it allows a user or operator to translate the slidable delivery control  4114  in the first longitudinal direction  4116 , the second longitudinal direction  4118 , or a combination thereof even when the clip  4120  is holding on to the tissue localization device  4102 . 
     In other variations, the securing component can be a clamp, a loop or hoop connector, a strap such as hook-and-loop fastener sold under the brand name Velcro® strap, an adhesive layer, or a combination thereof. The securing component can be sized to accommodate a diameter of the handle  4112  of the tissue localization device  4102 . 
       FIGS. 41A and 41B  also illustrate that the adjustable arm  4104  can comprise a hinge mechanism  4122 . The hinge mechanism  4122  can allow the adjustable arm  4104  to rotate or adjust its position relative to the surface  4108 . For example, the hinge mechanism  4122  can allow the adjustable arm  4104  to rotate or articulate (e.g., in a clockwise rotational direction if viewed from the left side, see  FIG. 41B ). 
     The adjustable arm  4104  can also be coupled to a surface adhering base  4106 . For example, the hinge mechanism  4122  of the adjustable arm  4104  can be coupled to the surface adhering base  4106 . The surface adhering base  4106  can comprise an adhesive layer or adhesive component such that the surface adhering base  4106  can be affixed or otherwise adhere to the surface  4108  via adhesives (e.g., polymeric adhesives, repeat-use adhesives, or a combination thereof). In other variations, the surface adhering base  4106  can comprise a suction component, a magnetic component, or a combination thereof. 
     For example, the surface  4108  can be a surface of a mammography paddle, a bucky surface (e.g., the bucky  3010  shown in  FIGS. 30A and 30B ), or a surface of a mammography unit or other X-ray equipment. This surface can reside outside of the imaging field so that the mounting apparatus described above (including the adjustable arm  4104 , the surface adhering base  4106 , the clip  4120 , etc.) does not interfere with the X-ray image of the tissue being imaged. The surface  4108  can also be the surface of an examination table or a compression paddle. The surface adhering base  4106  can allow a clinician or user to adjust the position of the adjustable arm  4104  relative to the surface  4108 . For example, the surface adhering base  4106  can comprise a suction component and the clinician or user can lift the suction base off of the surface  4108  and secure the adjustable arm  4104  to another position on the surface  4108  until the desired position is attained. 
     The tissue localization system  4100  comprising the adjustable arm  4104  can allow a clinician or user to let go of the tissue localization device  4102  or to not have to hold the tissue localization device  4102 . For example, the tissue localization system  4100  comprising the adjustable arm  4104  can allow a clinician or user to step away from the tissue localization device  4102  (for example, to step behind an X-ray shield or barrier) when an image (e.g., an X-ray image) is being taken of a body part of the patient. In addition, the tissue localization system  4100  comprising the adjustable arm  4104  can also facilitate the deployment of the localization marker or element out of the tissue localization device  4102  by steadying or supporting the handle  4112  of the tissue localization device  4102 . This can be useful when one hand of the clinician or operator is being used to manipulate the slidable delivery control  4114  of the tissue localization device  4102  and the other hand of the clinician or operator is holding an imaging probe such as an ultrasound transducer. 
       FIGS. 42A-42C  illustrate that the adjustable arm  4104  can comprise a device securement side  4200 , an attachment side  4202 , and a curved connecting portion  4204 . The device securement side  4200  can be longer in length than the attachment side  4202 . When the device securement side  4200  is longer in length than the attachment side  4202 , the adjustable arm  4104  can be shaped substantially as a diving board. In other variations, the device securement side  4200  can be the same length as the attachment side  4202  or the attachment side  4202  can be longer in length than the device securement side  4200 . The device securement side  4200  can be a substantially planar strip or board. The device securement side  4200  can be substantially rectangular-shaped, oval-shaped, triangular-shaped, or a combination thereof having a sufficient cross-section to hold the tissue localization device  4102  in a secure and stable position. In other variations, the device securement side  4200  can be an elongate rod (e.g., a long cylinder) or cuboid. The clip  4120  can be coupled to the device securement side  4200 . The clip  4120  can be coupled to at least one side of the device securement side  4200 . The clip  4120  can be coupled to a terminal end or distal end of the device securement side  4200 . 
     The attachment side  4202  can be a substantially planar segment or piece connected to the device securement side  4200  by the curved connecting portion  4204 . The attachment side  4202  can be substantially rectangular-shaped (e.g., square-shaped), oval-shaped, circular-shaped, triangular-shaped, or a combination thereof having a sufficient cross-section to attach to a surface. In other variations, the attachment side  4202  can be a rod or cuboid. 
     The hinge mechanism  4122  can be coupled to the attachment side  4202 . The hinge mechanism  4122  can be coupled to the attachment side  4202  by adhesives, fasteners, clips, or a combination thereof. The hinge mechanism  4122  can also be welded to the attachment side  4202  or be an extension of the attachment side  4202 . The surface adhering base  4106  can be coupled to one side of the hinge mechanism  4122  such that rotating the hinge can rotate the device securement side  4200 . Rotating the device securement side  4200  can allow a clinician or operator to adjust a positioning or orientation of the tissue localization device  4102  when the tissue localization device  4102  is held by the adjustable arm  4104 . For example, the device securement side  4200  can be rotated in order to move the tissue localization device  4102  in position for deploying the delivery needle  4110  of the tissue localization device  4102  into a body part of the patient or to adjust the positioning or orientation of the delivery needle  4110  once deployed within the patient. 
     In some variations, the surface adhering base  4106  can be directly coupled to the attachment side  4202  without the hinge mechanism  4122 . In these variations, the device securement side  4200  itself can bend or articulate. 
     Although curved connecting portion  4204  is shown in  FIGS. 42A and 42C  to be contiguously and rigidly connected to the securement side  4200  and the attachment side  4202 , the curved connecting portion  4204  can also be configured as a swivel joint so that the securement side  4200  and the attachment side  4202  can swivel relative to one another. In this way, the tissue localization device  4102  can be positioned in a wider range of positions relative to a tissue of the patient, allowing a broad range of angles of orientation of the delivery needle  4202  relative to the tissue. This additional degree of freedom provides the clinician more flexibility in orienting the tissue localization device  4102  within the tissue. 
       FIG. 42B  illustrates that the clip  4120  can be substantially U-shaped or horseshoe-shaped (e.g., a U-shaped panel clip or a horseshoe-shaped panel clip). The legs of the U-shaped clip  4120  can be separated by a predefined separation width. This predefined separation width can temporarily be widened as the handle  4112  of the tissue localization device  4102  is pressed or pushed into the space separating the legs of the clip  4120 . 
     The adjustable arm  4104  can be made in part of a metallic material, a polymeric material, or a combination thereof. For example, the adjustable arm  4104  (and part thereof) can be made in part of stainless steel, nickel titanium (Nitinol), nylon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), other types of thermoplastics or shape-memory polymers, rubber, or a combination thereof. 
       FIGS. 43A-43B  illustrate another variation of a tissue localization system  4100  comprising an adjustable arm  4104  configured to hold a tissue localization device  4102 . As shown in  FIGS. 43A and 43B , the adjustable arm  4104  can be an articulating arm comprising a plurality of ball-and-socket joints  4300 . 
     Each of the ball-and-socket joints  4300  can comprise a substantially spherical-shaped ball component and a cup or socket component sized to partially house or fit on the ball portion. In some variations, the ball component and an adjacent socket component can be portions of the same joint piece. For example, one side of the joint piece can be the ball component and another side (e.g., an opposite side) can be the socket component. In other variations, each joint piece can comprise two ball components (e.g., one on each end) and an immediately adjacent joint piece can comprise two or more socket components (e.g., one on each end). The cup or socket component can have a substantially spherical or partially spherical-shaped cavity or housing for engaging with the substantially spherical-shaped ball component. The cup or socket component can also have a substantially octahedral-shaped, decahedral-shaped, or dodecahedral-shaped cavity or housing for engaging with the substantially spherical-shaped ball component. 
     A distal or terminal end of the adjustable arm  4104  comprising the ball-and-socket joints  4300  can have multiple degrees of freedom (e.g., six degrees of freedom). As illustrated in  FIGS. 43A and 43B , the clip  4120  can be coupled to the distal or terminal end of the adjustable arm  4104 . A tissue localization device  4102  secured by the clip  4120  at the distal or terminal end of the adjustable arm  4104  can also have multiple degrees of freedom when it comes to the translation or rotation of the tissue localization device  4102 . 
     The clip  4120  can be a substantially U-shaped (e.g., a U-shaped panel clip or wire clip) or horseshoe-shaped clip. In other variations, a clamp, a loop or hoop connector, a strap (e.g., a Velcro® strap), an adhesive layer, or a combination thereof can be used instead of the clip  4120 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 43A and 43B , the surface adhering base  4106  can comprise a suction component (e.g., one or more suction cups, one or more lever-locking suction cups, or a combination thereof). The suction component can allow the adjustable arm  4104  to be suctioned onto a substantially flat surface  4108  (e.g., a surface of a mammography plate, a bucky plate or table, a part of an X-ray or mammography system, or an examination table). In other variations, the surface adhering base  4106  can comprise an adhesive component, a magnetic component, a clamp, a strap (e.g., a Velcro® strap), or a combination thereof. 
     A method for marking a target tissue site can comprise translating a localization marker or element at least partially out of a tissue localization device  4102  and into a tissue of a patient. The localization marker or element can be configured to curl or curve into a partial loop when translated at least partially out of the tissue localization device  4102 . The surface adhering base  4106  can be mounted in a region that is outside the imaging area so as not to interference with the clinical imaging of the tissue. The adjustable arm  4104  can allow free movement of the tissue localization device  4102  in the x, y, and z directions, while also allowing for a wide variety of angular positions. 
     The method can further comprise securing the tissue localization device  4102  to an adjustable arm  4104 . For example, the adjustable arm  4104  can comprise a clip  4104  or other securing component (e.g., a clamp, a strap, adhesives, or a combination thereof). The clip  4104  or other securing component can be used to secure the tissue localization device  4102  to the adjustable arm  4104 . For example, the clip  4104  or other securing component can grasp on to a handle  4112  of the tissue localization device  4102 . The method can also comprise obtaining at least one clinical image of the target tissue site using an imaging modality. 
     The imaging modality can be X-ray. In other variations, the imaging modality can be ultrasound. 
     The method can further comprise retracting the localization marker at least partially back into the tissue localization device  4102  and adjusting a position of the tissue localization device  4102  by manipulating the adjustable arm  4104 . Manipulating the adjustable arm  4104  can comprise articulating at least one ball-and-socket joint  4300  of the adjustable arm  4104  holding the tissue localization device  4102 . In other variations, manipulating the adjustable arm  4104  can comprise pivoting a hinge mechanism  4122  of the adjustable arm  4104 . The positioning of the tissue localization device  4102  can also be adjusted by adjusting a positioning of a delivery needle  4110  of the tissue localization device  4102  within a tissue of a patient. 
     The method can also comprise translating the localization marker at least partially out of the tissue localization device  4102  again to mark the target tissue site and obtaining another diagnostic image of the target tissue site using the imaging modality. Translating the localization marker out of the tissue localization device  4102  can comprise translating the localization marker out of a delivery needle  4110  coupled to the handle  4112  of the tissue localization device  4102 . 
     The adjustable arm  4104  can also be coupled to a surface adhering base  4106 . The method can further comprise adhering or affixing the adjustable arm  4104  to a surface (e.g., a surface of a mammography plate, a bucky surface, a compression plate surface, an examination table surface, or an X-ray machine surface) using the surface adhering base  4106  prior to translating the localization marker out of the tissue localization device  4102 . The surface adhering base  4106  can comprise a suction component, an adhesive component, a strap, a clamp, or a combination thereof. 
     Each of the individual variations described and illustrated herein has discrete components and features which may be readily separated from or combined with the features of any of the other variations. Modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation, material, composition of matter, process, process act(s) or step(s) to the objective(s), spirit or scope of the disclosure. 
     Methods recited herein may be carried out in any order of the recited events that is logically possible, as well as the recited order of events. Moreover, additional elements of the method or operations may be provided or elements of the method or operations may be eliminated to achieve the desired result. 
     Furthermore, where a range of values is provided, every intervening value between the upper and lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the disclosure. Also, any optional feature of the inventive variations described may be set forth and claimed independently, or in combination with any one or more of the features described herein. 
     All existing subject matter mentioned herein (e.g., publications, patents, patent applications and hardware) is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety except insofar as the subject matter may conflict with that of the present disclosure (in which case what is present herein shall prevail). The referenced items are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the disclosure is not entitled to antedate such material by virtue of prior disclosure. 
     Reference to a singular item, includes the possibility that there are plural of the same items present. More specifically, as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “said” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is further noted that the claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as “solely,” “only” and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or use of a “negative” limitation. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. 
     This disclosure is not intended to be limited to the scope of the particular forms set forth, but is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents of the variations or variations described herein. Further, the scope of the disclosure fully encompasses other variations that may become obvious to those skilled in the art in view of this disclosure.