Patent Publication Number: US-11656440-B2

Title: Photographing optical lens assembly, image capturing unit and electronic device

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation patent application of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/794,064, filed on Feb. 18, 2020, which is a continuation patent application of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/386,172, filed on Apr. 16, 2019, which is a continuation patent application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/955,494, filed on Apr. 17, 2018, which is a continuation patent application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/676,259, filed on Aug. 14, 2017, which is a continuation patent application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/147,679, filed on May 5, 2016, which is a continuation patent application of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/513,827, filed on Oct. 14, 2014, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference for which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. § 120. The U.S. application Ser. No. 14/513,827, filed on Oct. 14, 2014, is a non-provisional application claims priority to Taiwan Application Serial Number 103126474, filed on Aug. 1, 2014, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     The present disclosure relates to a photographing optical lens assembly, an image capturing unit and an electronic device, more particularly to a photographing optical lens assembly and an image capturing unit applicable to an electronic device. 
     Description of Related Art 
     In recent years, with the popularity of electronic devices having camera functionalities, the demand of miniaturized optical systems has been increasing. The sensor of a conventional optical system is typically a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) or a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) sensor. As the advanced semiconductor manufacturing technologies have allowed the pixel size of sensors to be reduced and compact optical systems have gradually evolved toward the field of higher megapixels, there is an increasing demand for compact optical systems featuring better image quality. 
     Due to the popularity of electronic devices with high-end specifications, such as smart phones, tablet personal computers and wearable apparatus, the requirements for large aperture and large image sensor of present compact optical systems increase significantly whereby the number of the lens elements increases. Therefore, it is unfavorable for keeping the optical systems compact. Furthermore, the aberration is severe when the optical system includes a large aperture. Therefore, it is important to keep the optical system compact and improve the image quality at the same time when the optical system includes a large aperture and a large image sensor. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element. The first lens element with refractive power has an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element has refractive power. The third lens element has refractive power. The fourth lens element has refractive power. The fifth lens element has refractive power. The sixth lens element with negative refractive power has an object-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof, wherein both of the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the sixth lens element are aspheric. The seventh lens element with refractive power has an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof, wherein the image-side surface of the seventh lens element has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof, and both of an object-side surface and the image-side surface of the seventh lens element are aspheric. The photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements with refractive power. An air gap in a paraxial region is between any two of the first lens element, the second lens element, the third lens element, the fourth lens element, the fifth lens element, the sixth lens element and the seventh lens element that are adjacent to each other. When an axial distance between the object-side surface of the first lens element and an image surface is TL, a maximum image height of the photographing optical lens assembly is ImgH, and the following condition is satisfied:
 
 TL/ImgH &lt;3.0.
 
     According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly according to the aforementioned aspect and an image sensor, wherein the image sensor is disposed on the image side of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device includes the image capturing unit according to the aforementioned aspect. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure can be more fully understood by reading the following detailed description of the embodiments, with reference made to the accompanying drawings as follows: 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 1st embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    shows spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 1st embodiment; 
         FIG.  3    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 2nd embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  4    shows spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 2nd embodiment; 
         FIG.  5    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 3rd embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  6    shows spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 3rd embodiment; 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 4th embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8    shows spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 4th embodiment; 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 5th embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  10    shows spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 5th embodiment; 
         FIG.  11    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 6th embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  12    shows spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 6th embodiment; 
         FIG.  13    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 7th embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  14    shows spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 7th embodiment; 
         FIG.  15    a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 8th embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  16    shows spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 8th embodiment; 
         FIG.  17    a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 9th embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  18    shows spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 9th embodiment; 
         FIG.  19    a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 10th embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  20    shows spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 10th embodiment; 
         FIG.  21    shows an electronic device according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  22    shows an electronic device according to another embodiment; and 
         FIG.  23    shows an electronic device according to still another embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element. The photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements with refractive power. 
     According to the photographing optical lens assembly of the present disclosure, an air gap in a paraxial region is arranged between any two of the first lens element, the second lens element, the third lens element, the fourth lens element, the fifth lens element, the sixth lens element, and the seventh lens element that are adjacent to each other, that is, each of the first through seventh lens elements of the photographing optical lens assembly is a single and non-cemented lens element. Moreover, the manufacturing process of the cemented lenses is more complex than the non-cemented lenses. In particular, an image-side surface of one lens element and an object-side surface of the following lens element need to have accurate curvature to ensure these two lens elements will be highly cemented. However, during the cementing process, those two lens elements might not be highly cemented due to displacement and it is thereby not favorable for the image quality of the photographing optical lens assembly. Therefore, there is an air gap in a paraxial region between any two of the first lens element, the second lens element, the third lens element, the fourth lens element, the fifth lens element, the sixth lens element, and the seventh lens element that are adjacent to each other in the present disclosure for improving the problem generated by the cemented lens elements. 
     The first lens element with refractive power has an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof. Therefore, it is favorable for avoiding overloading the refractive power on one single lens element resulting in excessive aberrations. It is also favorable for reducing the sensitivity of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The second lens element has refractive power. Therefore, it is favorable for adjusting the refractive power with the first lens element so as to correct the aberration from the first lens element. 
     The third lens element has refractive power. Therefore, it is favorable for effectively reducing the sensitivity of the photographing optical lens assembly. Furthermore, it is favorable for balancing the arrangement of the refractive powers of the photographing optical lens assembly so as to correct the astigmatism and the distortion in the peripheral region of the image, thereby improving the image quality. 
     The fourth lens element has refractive power. Therefore, it is favorable for adjusting the refractive power with the third lens element so as to balance the arrangement of the refractive powers of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The fifth lens element with refractive power can have an object-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof. Therefore, it is favorable for correcting the astigmatism of the photographing optical lens assembly so as to improve the image quality. 
     The sixth lens element with negative refractive power has an object-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface of the sixth lens element can have at least one concave shape in an off-axis region thereof. Therefore, it is favorable for correcting the aberration of the photographing optical lens assembly with a large aperture. Therefore, it is favorable for evenly distributing the refractive powers of the photographing optical lens assembly close to an image surface so as to reduce the sensitivity of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The seventh lens element with refractive power has an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface of the seventh lens element has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof. Both of an object-side surface and the image-side surface of the seventh lens element are aspheric. Therefore, it is favorable for the principal point of the photographing optical lens assembly being positioned away from the image side of the photographing optical lens assembly so as to reduce a total track length of the photographing optical lens assembly. It is also favorable for reducing a back focal length so as to keep a compact size thereof. 
     When an axial distance between the object-side surface of the first lens element and the image surface is TL, a maximum image height of the photographing optical lens assembly (half of a diagonal length of an effective photosensitive area of an image sensor) is ImgH, the following condition is satisfied: TL/ImgH&lt;3.0. Therefore, it is favorable for keeping the photographing optical lens assembly compact so as to be equipped in an electronic device. Preferably, the following condition is satisfied: TL/ImgH&lt;2.2. 
     When a focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly is f, a composite focal length of the first lens element and the second lens element is f12, the following condition is satisfied: 0.25&lt;f/f12&lt;1.5. Therefore, it is favorable for arranging the refractive powers of the first lens element and the second lens element so as to further correct the aberration of the photographing optical lens assembly. Furthermore, it is favorable for reducing the back focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly so as to keep a compact size thereof. 
     When an Abbe number of the first lens element is V1, an Abbe number of the second lens element is V2, an Abbe number of the fifth lens element is V5, an Abbe number of the sixth lens element is V6, the following condition is satisfied: 1.5&lt;(V1+V2)/(V5+V6)&lt;3.0. Therefore, it is favorable for correcting the chromatic aberration of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     When a focal length of the sixth lens element is f6, the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly is f, the following condition is satisfied: f6/f&lt;−1.0. Therefore, it is favorable for properly adjusting the refractive power of the sixth lens element so as to reduce the back focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly, thereby keeping a compact size. 
     When the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly is f, the focal length of the sixth lens element is f6, a focal length of the seventh lens element is f7, the following condition is satisfied: −1.8&lt;(f/f6)+(f/f7)&lt;−0.5. Therefore, it is favorable for properly arranging the refractive powers of the sixth lens element and the seventh lens element so as to reduce the back focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly, thereby reducing the total track length thereof. 
     When an axial distance between the image-side surface of the seventh lens element and the image surface is BF, the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly is f, the following condition is satisfied: BF/f&lt;0.35. Therefore, the back focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly is sufficient for disposing additional opto-mechanical components. 
     When a maximum refractive index of one single lens element among the first lens element, the second lens element, the third lens element, the fourth lens element, the fifth lens element, the sixth lens element and the seventh lens element is Nmax, a minimum refractive index of one single lens element among the first lens element, the second lens element, the third lens element, the fourth lens element, the fifth lens element, the sixth lens element and the seventh lens element is Nmin, the following conditions are satisfied: 1.60&lt;Nmax&lt;1.70, and 1.50&lt;Nmin&lt;1.60. Therefore, it is favorable for preventing the refractive indices from becoming too small so as to correct the aberration of the photographing optical lens assembly. Meanwhile, it is also favorable for preventing the refractive indices from becoming too large so as to avoid excessively small Abbe numbers. 
     When an axial distance between the object-side surface of the first lens element and the image-side surface of the seventh lens element is Td, an entrance pupil diameter of the photographing optical lens assembly is EPD, the following condition is satisfied: Td/EPD&lt;3.0. Therefore, it is favorable for providing sufficient amount of incident light and keeping the photographing optical lens assembly compact. 
     When the Abbe number of the sixth lens element is V6, the following condition is satisfied: 10&lt;V6&lt;32. Therefore, it is favorable for correcting the chromatic aberration of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     When the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly is f, a curvature radius of the image-side surface of the seventh lens element is R14, the following condition is satisfied: 0.20&lt;R14/f&lt;0.60. Therefore, it is favorable for reducing the back focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     When a central thickness of the sixth lens element is CT6, a central thickness of the seventh lens element is CT7, the following condition is satisfied: 0.75&lt;CT6/CT7&lt;1.33. Therefore, it is favorable for properly adjusting the thicknesses of the sixth lens element and the seventh lens element. Therefore, it is favorable for assembling the photographing optical lens assembly so as to increase the manufacturing yield rate. 
     When a curvature radius of the image surface is Rimg, the following condition is satisfied: −500 [mm]&lt;Rimg&lt;−20 [mm]. Therefore, it is favorable for correcting the astigmatism in the peripheral region of the image so as to effectively improve the image quality of the off-axis. 
     When an f-number of the photographing optical lens assembly is Fno, the following condition is satisfied: Fno&lt;2.0. Therefore, it is favorable for obtaining large aperture so as to take sharp images under insufficient light conditions by fast shutter speed. 
     When a sum of central thicknesses of the first lens element through the seventh lens element is ΣCT (that is, a sum of central thicknesses of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements), the axial distance between the object-side surface of the first lens element and the image-side surface of the seventh lens element is Td, and the following condition is satisfied: 0.60&lt;ΣCT/Td&lt;0.85. Therefore, it is favorable for properly adjusting the axial distances and the thicknesses of the lens elements so as to effectively assemble and arrange the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     According to the photographing optical lens assembly of the present disclosure, the photographing optical lens assembly can include at least one stop, such as an aperture stop, a glare stop or a field stop. Said glare stop or said field stop is set for eliminating the stray light and thereby improving the image quality thereof. 
     According to the photographing optical lens assembly of the present disclosure, an aperture stop can be configured as a front stop or a middle stop. A front stop disposed between an imaged object and the first lens element can provide a longer distance between an exit pupil of the photographing optical lens assembly and the image surface and thereby improves the image-sensing efficiency of an image sensor. A middle stop disposed between the first lens element and the image surface is favorable for enlarging the field of view of the photographing optical lens assembly and thereby provides a wider field of view for the same. 
     According to the photographing optical lens assembly of the present disclosure, the lens elements thereof can be made of glass or plastic material. When the lens elements are made of glass material, the distribution of the refractive power of the photographing optical lens assembly may be more flexible to design. When the lens elements are made of plastic material, the manufacturing cost can be effectively reduced. Furthermore, surfaces of each lens element can be arranged to be aspheric, since the aspheric surface of the lens element is easy to form a shape other than spherical surface so as to have more controllable variables for eliminating the aberration thereof, and to further decrease the required number of the lens elements. Therefore, the total track length of the photographing optical lens assembly can also be reduced. 
     According to the photographing optical lens assembly of the present disclosure, each of an object-side surface and an image-side surface has a paraxial region and an off-axis region. The paraxial region refers to the region of the surface where light rays travel close to the optical axis, and the off-axis region refers to the region of the surface away from the paraxial region. Particularly, when the lens element has a convex surface, it indicates that the surface is convex in the paraxial region thereof; when the lens element has a concave surface, it indicates that the surface is concave in the paraxial region thereof. Moreover, when the region of refractive power or focus of a lens element is not defined, it indicates that the region of refractive power or focus of the lens element is in the paraxial region thereof. 
     According to the photographing optical lens assembly of the present disclosure, an image surface of the photographing optical lens assembly, based on the corresponding image sensor, can be flat or curved, especially a curved surface being concave facing towards the object side of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     According to the present disclosure, an image capturing unit is provided. The image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly according to the aforementioned photographing optical lens assembly of the present disclosure, and an image sensor, wherein the image sensor is disposed on the image side of the aforementioned photographing optical lens assembly, that is, the image sensor can be disposed on or near an image surface of the aforementioned photographing optical lens assembly. In some embodiments, the image capturing unit can further include a barrel member, a holding member or a combination thereof. 
     In  FIG.  21   ,  FIG.  22    and  FIG.  23   , an image capturing device  10  may be installed in, but not limited to, an electronic device, including a smart phone ( FIG.  21   ), a tablet personal computer ( FIG.  22   ) or a wearable device ( FIG.  23   ). The three exemplary figures of different kinds of electronic device are only exemplary for showing the image capturing device of present disclosure installing in an electronic device and is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the electronic device can further include, but not limited to, a display unit, a control unit, a storage unit, a random access memory unit (RAM), a read only memory unit (ROM) or a combination thereof. 
     According to the photographing optical lens assembly of the present disclosure, the photographing optical lens assembly can be optionally applied to moving focus optical systems. Furthermore, the photographing optical lens assembly is featured with good capability in corrections and high image quality, and can be applied to 3D (three-dimensional) image capturing applications, in products such as digital cameras, mobile devices, digital tablets, wearable devices, smart televisions, wireless monitoring devices, motion sensing input devices, driving recorders, rear view cameras and other electronic imaging devices. According to the above description of the present disclosure, the following specific embodiments are provided for further explanation. 
     1st Embodiment 
       FIG.  1    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 1st embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  2    shows, in order from left to right, spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 1st embodiment. In  FIG.  1   , the image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly (its reference numeral is omitted) of the present disclosure and an image sensor  195 . The photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, an aperture stop  100 , a first lens element  110 , a second lens element  120 , a third lens element  130 , a fourth lens element  140 , a fifth lens element  150 , a sixth lens element  160 , a seventh lens element  170 , an IR-cut filter  180  and an image surface  190 , wherein the photographing optical lens assembly has a total of six lens elements ( 110 - 170 ) with refractive power. There is an air gap in a paraxial region between any two of the first lens element  110 , the second lens element  120 , the third lens element  130 , the fourth lens element  140 , the fifth lens element  150 , the sixth lens element  160  and the seventh lens element  170  that are adjacent to each other. 
     The first lens element  110  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  111  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  112  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The first lens element  110  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  111  and the image-side surface  112  being both aspheric. 
     The second lens element  120  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  121  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  122  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element  120  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  121  and the image-side surface  122  being both aspheric. 
     The third lens element  130  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  131  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  132  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The third lens element  130  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  131  and the image-side surface  132  being both aspheric. 
     The fourth lens element  140  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  141  being planar in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  142  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fourth lens element  140  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  141  and the image-side surface  142  being both aspheric. 
     The fifth lens element  150  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  151  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  152  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fifth lens element  150  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  151  and the image-side surface  152  being both aspheric. 
     The sixth lens element  160  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  161  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  162  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  162  of the sixth lens element  160  has at least one concave shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  160  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  161  and the image-side surface  162  being both aspheric. 
     The seventh lens element  170  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  171  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  172  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  172  of the seventh lens element  170  has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  170  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  171  and the image-side surface  172  being both aspheric. 
     The IR-cut filter  180  is made of glass and located between the seventh lens element  170  and the image surface  190 , and will not affect the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly. The image sensor  195  is disposed on or near the image surface  190  of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The equation of the aspheric surface profiles of the aforementioned lens elements of the 1st embodiment is expressed as follows: 
                 X   ⁡   (   Y   )     =         (       Y   2     /   R     )     /     (     1   +     s   ⁢   q   ⁢   r   ⁢     t   ⁡   (     1   -       (     1   +   k     )     ×       (     Y   /   R     )     2         )         )       +       ∑   i         (   Ai   )     ×     (     Y   i     )             ,         
where,
 
     X is the relative distance between a point on the aspheric surface spaced at a distance Y from an optical axis and the tangential plane at the aspheric surface vertex on the optical axis; 
     Y is the vertical distance from the point on the aspheric surface to the optical axis; 
     R is the curvature radius; 
     k is the conic coefficient; and 
     Ai is the i-th aspheric coefficient, and in the embodiments, i may be, but is not limited to, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16. 
     In the photographing optical lens assembly of the image capturing unit according to the 1st embodiment, when a focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly in the paraxial region thereof is f, an f-number of the photographing optical lens assembly is Fno, and half of a maximal field of view of the photographing optical lens assembly is HFOV, these parameters have the following values: f=5.30 mm; Fno=2.10; and HFOV=37.5 degrees. 
     When a maximum refractive index of one single lens element among the first lens element  110 , the second lens element  120 , the third lens element  130 , the fourth lens element  140 , the fifth lens element  150 , the sixth lens element  160  and the seventh lens element  170  is Nmax, the following condition is satisfied: Nmax=1.63. 
     When a minimum refractive index of one single lens element among the first lens element  110 , the second lens element  120 , the third lens element  130 , the fourth lens element  140 , the fifth lens element  150 , the sixth lens element  160  and the seventh lens element  170  is Nmin, the following condition is satisfied: Nmin=1.54. 
     When an Abbe number of the sixth lens element  160  is V6, the following condition is satisfied: V6=23.4. 
     When an Abbe number of the first lens element  110  is V1, an Abbe number of the second lens element  120  is V2, an Abbe number of the fifth lens element  150  is V5, the Abbe number of the sixth lens element  160  is V6, the following condition is satisfied: (V1+V2)/(V5+V6)=2.39. 
     When a central thickness of the sixth lens element  160  is CT6, a central thickness of the seventh lens element  170  is CT7, the following condition is satisfied: CT6/CT7=1.14. 
     When a sum of central thicknesses of the first lens element  110  through the seventh lens element  170  is ΣCT, an axial distance between the object-side surface  111  of the first lens element  110  and the image-side surface  172  of the seventh lens element  170  is Td, the following condition is satisfied: ΣCT/Td=0.634. 
     When a curvature radius of the image surface  190  of the photographing optical lens assembly is Rimg, the following condition is satisfied: Rimg=∞[mm]. 
     When the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly is f, a curvature radius of the image-side surface  172  of the seventh lens element  170  is R14, the following condition is satisfied: R14/f=0.41. 
     When the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly is f, a composite focal length of the first lens element  110  and the second lens element  120  is f12, the following condition is satisfied: f/f12=1.05. 
     When the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly is f, a focal length of the sixth lens element  160  is f6, the following condition is satisfied: f6/f=−4.00. 
     When the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly is f, the focal length of the sixth lens element  160  is f6, a focal length of the seventh lens element  170  is f7, the following condition is satisfied: (f/f6)+(f/f7)=−1.46. 
     When an axial distance between the image-side surface  172  of the seventh lens element  170  and the image surface  190  is BF, the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly is f, the following condition is satisfied: BF/f=0.21. 
     When a maximum image height of the photographing optical lens assembly is ImgH, an axial distance between the object-side surface  111  of the first lens element  110  and the image surface  190  is TL, the following condition is satisfied: TL/ImgH=1.73. 
     When the axial distance between the object-side surface  111  of the first lens element  110  and the image-side surface  172  of the seventh lens element  170  is Td, an entrance pupil diameter of the photographing optical lens assembly is EPD, the following condition is satisfied: Td/EPD=2.29. 
     The detailed optical data of the 1st embodiment are shown in Table 1 and the aspheric surface data are shown in Table 2 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 1st Embodiment 
               
               
                 f = 5.30 mm, Fno = 2.10, HFOV = 37.5 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface# 
                   
                 Curvature Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 Ape. Stop 
                 Plano 
                 −0.308  
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 2.654 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.452 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 14.85 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 3.716 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.059 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 3.744 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.625 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 7.14 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 96.858 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.069 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 2.738 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.260 
                 Plastic 
                 1.633 
                 23.4 
                 −10.10 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 1.846 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.722 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 ∞ 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.963 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 3.00 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 −1.633 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.078 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 −1.256 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.614 
                 Plastic 
                 1.633 
                 23.4 
                 −58.83 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −1.547 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.062 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 −3.216 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.400 
                 Plastic 
                 1.633 
                 23.4 
                 −21.22 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −4.433 
                 (ASP) 
                 1.121 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 27.704 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.350 
                 Plastic 
                 1.535 
                 55.7 
                 −4.38 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 2.151 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.600 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 16 
                 IR-cut filter 
                 Plano 
                 0.200 
                 Glass 
                 1.517 
                 64.2 
                 — 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 Plano 
                 0.325 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 Reference wavelength is 587.6 nm (d-line). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −3.5617E+00  
                 −2.0000E+01 
                 −2.8093E+00 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                 −1.0472E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 1.4436E−02 
                 −1.1067E−02 
                 −3.7250E−02 
                  5.5248E−03 
                 −8.0256E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 5.6396E−03 
                  8.0140E−03 
                  2.9977E−02 
                 −6.5500E−03 
                  3.1166E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −5.7355E−03  
                 −3.9058E−03 
                 −2.0926E−02 
                  1.6038E−03 
                 −2.7591E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 1.8196E−03 
                  4.4662E−03 
                  1.2453E−02 
                 −6.8835E−03 
                  1.5033E−02 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 9.7976E−04 
                  8.0133E−04 
                 −4.8342E−04 
                  6.1358E−03 
                 −5.0952E−03 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −4.8334E−04  
                 −4.1346E−04 
                 −1.4700E−03 
                 −2.2356E−03 
                  1.1335E−03 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 6.0586E−05 
                 −9.3249E−05 
                  2.0429E−04 
                  2.2791E−04 
                 −1.2196E−04 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −1.7034E+00 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                 −4.5573E+00 
                 −1.9931E+00 
                 −2.3831E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −6.4892E−02 
                 −1.5344E−02 
                 −4.0939E−03 
                  1.1503E−01 
                  7.5666E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  3.3539E−02 
                 −1.4815E−02 
                 −3.5512E−02 
                 −8.2179E−02 
                 −3.1274E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −1.5958E−02 
                  1.6363E−02 
                  2.7556E−02 
                  4.2696E−02 
                  1.0700E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                  5.2506E−03 
                 −1.2418E−02 
                 −1.2172E−02 
                 −1.5553E−02 
                 −4.1447E−03 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 −6.3505E−04 
                  6.1466E−03 
                  3.3438E−03 
                  3.4548E−03 
                  8.1224E−04 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −4.8209E−05 
                 −1.7585E−03 
                 −5.2931E−04 
                 −3.7288E−04 
                 −6.0865E−05 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                  2.3866E−05 
                  2.0236E−04 
                  4.0681E−05 
                  1.1639E−05 
                  8.6034E−07 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                  7.5348E−01 
                 −6.1423E+00 
                 −6.2822E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −2.5444E−02 
                 −7.4794E−03 
                 −6.4411E−02 
                 −3.5213E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  5.9287E−03 
                 −6.9438E−03 
                  1.1584E−02 
                  8.5452E−03 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                  2.4093E−03 
                  9.5491E−03 
                 −9.4024E−04 
                 −1.6035E−03 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −1.4394E−03 
                 −3.6088E−03 
                  4.1629E−05 
                  1.9535E−04 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 −5.3124E−05 
                  6.7027E−04 
                 −1.0641E−06 
                 −1.5661E−05 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                  7.1367E−05 
                 −6.2123E−05 
                  1.8240E−08 
                  7.3114E−07 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 −6.2088E−06 
                  2.2913E−06 
                 −2.5563E−10 
                 −1.4448E−08 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 1, the curvature radius, the thickness and the focal length are shown in millimeters (mm). Surface numbers 0-18 represent the surfaces sequentially arranged from the object-side to the image-side along the optical axis. In Table 2, k represents the conic coefficient of the equation of the aspheric surface profiles. A4-A16 represent the aspheric coefficients ranging from the 4th order to the 16th order. The tables presented below for each embodiment are the corresponding schematic parameter and aberration curves, and the definitions of the tables are the same as Table 1 and Table 2 of the 1st embodiment. Therefore, an explanation in this regard will not be provided again. 
     2nd Embodiment 
       FIG.  3    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 2nd embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  4    shows, in order from left to right, spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 2nd embodiment. In  FIG.  3   , the image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly (its reference numeral is omitted) of the present disclosure and an image sensor  295 . The photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side an aperture stop  200 , a first lens element  210 , a second lens element  220 , a third lens element  230 , a fourth lens element  240 , a fifth lens element  250 , a sixth lens element  260 , a seventh lens element  270 , an IR-cut filter  280  and an image surface  290 , wherein the photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements ( 210 - 270 ) with refractive power. There is an air gap in a paraxial region between any two of the first lens element  210 , the second lens element  220 , the third lens element  230 , the fourth lens element  240 , the fifth lens element  250 , the sixth lens element  260  and the seventh lens element  270  that are adjacent to each other. 
     The first lens element  210  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  211  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  212  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The first lens element  210  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  211  and the image-side surface  212  being both aspheric. 
     The second lens element  220  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  221  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  222  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element  220  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  221  and the image-side surface  222  being both aspheric. 
     The third lens element  230  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  231  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  232  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The third lens element  230  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  231  and the image-side surface  232  being both aspheric. 
     The fourth lens element  240  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  241  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  242  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fourth lens element  240  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  241  and the image-side surface  242  being both aspheric. 
     The fifth lens element  250  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  251  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  252  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fifth lens element  250  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  251  and the image-side surface  252  being both aspheric. 
     The sixth lens element  260  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  261  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  262  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  262  of the sixth lens element  260  has at least one concave shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  260  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  261  and the image-side surface  262  being both aspheric. 
     The seventh lens element  270  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  271  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  272  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  272  of the seventh lens element  270  has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  270  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  271  and the image-side surface  272  being both aspheric. 
     The IR-cut filter  280  is made of glass and located between the seventh lens element  270  and the image surface  290 , and will not affect the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly. The image sensor  295  is disposed on or near the image surface  290  of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The detailed optical data of the 2nd embodiment are shown in Table 3 and the aspheric surface data are shown in Table 4 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 2nd Embodiment 
               
               
                 f = 4.88 mm, Fno = 1.85, HFOV = 38.7 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface# 
                   
                 Curvature Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 Ape. Stop 
                 Plano 
                 −0.345  
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 2.492 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.498 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 10.54 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 4.096 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.100 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 5.326 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.664 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 7.30 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 −14.943 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.050 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 3.018 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.260 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −8.91 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 1.906 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.631 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 29.807 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.944 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 3.52 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 −2.022 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.067 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 −1.642 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.650 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 28.48 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −1.738 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.229 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 −3.652 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.400 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −46.87 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −4.337 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.509 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 −90.991 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.500 
                 Plastic 
                 1.583 
                 30.2 
                 −3.46 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 15 
                   
                 2.068 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.500 
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 16 
                 IR-cut filter 
                 Plano 
                 0.300 
                 Glass 
                 1.517 
                 64.2 
                 — 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 Plano 
                 0.299 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 Reference wavelength is 587.6 nm (d-line). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −2.7451E+00  
                 −1.9655E+01 
                 −2.5770E−01 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                 −1.3273E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 1.0276E−02 
                 −1.7113E−02 
                 −4.1113E−02 
                  7.6708E−03 
                 −8.0332E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 5.0161E−03 
                  6.7710E−03 
                  2.4687E−02 
                 −9.8820E−03 
                  2.8575E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −4.7219E−03  
                 −4.9153E−03 
                 −1.7480E−02 
                  5.2450E−03 
                 −2.7172E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 7.5324E−04 
                  4.9011E−03 
                  1.2130E−02 
                 −7.4098E−03 
                  1.5269E−02 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 7.7979E−04 
                  5.1669E−04 
                 −7.7254E−04 
                  5.3379E−03 
                 −5.2607E−03 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −2.5945E−04  
                 −5.7063E−04 
                 −1.4847E−03 
                 −2.1020E−03 
                  9.8332E−04 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 9.9514E−06 
                 −5.1546E−06 
                  2.6379E−04 
                  2.9899E−04 
                 −4.1982E−05 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −2.1251E+00 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                 −3.6390E+00 
                 −1.7015E+00 
                 −1.6803E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −6.5141E−02 
                 −1.2916E−02 
                  4.6925E−02 
                  1.1659E−01 
                  7.6154E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  3.3547E−02 
                 −3.7104E−04 
                 −6.9878E−02 
                 −8.2545E−02 
                 −3.1006E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −1.6516E−02 
                 −5.0636E−04 
                  4.9275E−02 
                  4.2257E−02 
                  1.0306E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                  5.6137E−03 
                  7.1659E−04 
                 −2.5903E−02 
                 −1.5583E−02 
                 −4.0548E−03 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 −6.7538E−04 
                  2.1274E−04 
                  9.7449E−03 
                  3.4836E−03 
                  8.4339E−04 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −7.2308E−05 
                 −3.5062E−04 
                 −2.1545E−03 
                 −3.6424E−04 
                 −5.9982E−05 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                  3.2881E−05 
                  5.5234E−05 
                  1.9954E−04 
                  1.0294E−05 
                 −2.0939E−07 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                  6.5216E−01 
                  4.7498E+00 
                 −7.1215E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −2.7210E−02 
                 −3.1242E−02 
                 −1.0723E−01 
                 −3.8828E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  2.8341E−02 
                  2.1812E−02 
                  2.6057E−02 
                  8.0516E−03 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −1.8703E−02 
                 −7.3064E−03 
                 −2.1234E−03 
                 −8.5785E−04 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                  6.5928E−03 
                  1.1931E−03 
                 −2.6011E−05 
                  2.0475E−05 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 −1.6661E−03 
                 −4.3125E−05 
                  1.4789E−05 
                  2.7881E−06 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                  2.3570E−04 
                 −8.4472E−06 
                 −8.2708E−07 
                 −1.7148E−07 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 −1.2301E−05 
                  6.7621E−07 
                  1.3310E−08 
                  1.9342E−09 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the 2nd embodiment, the equation of the aspheric surface profiles of the aforementioned lens elements is the same as the equation of the 1st embodiment. Also, the definitions of these parameters shown in the following table are the same as those stated in the 1st embodiment with corresponding values for the 2nd embodiment, so an explanation in this regard will not be provided again. 
     Moreover, these parameters can be calculated from Table 3 and Table 4 as the following values and satisfy the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 2nd Embodiment 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 f [mm] 
                 4.88 
                 Rimg [mm] 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
                 Fno 
                 1.85 
                 R14/f 
                 0.42 
               
               
                   
                 HFOV [deg.] 
                 38.7 
                 f/f12 
                 1.07 
               
               
                   
                 Nmax 
                 1.64 
                 f6/f 
                 −9.60 
               
               
                   
                 Nmin 
                 1.54 
                 (f/f6) + (f/f7) 
                 −1.51 
               
               
                   
                 V6 
                 23.5 
                 BF/f 
                 0.23 
               
               
                   
                 (V1 + V2)/(V5 + V6) 
                 2.38 
                 TL/ImgH 
                 1.65 
               
               
                   
                 CT6/CT7 
                 0.80 
                 Td/EPD 
                 2.09 
               
               
                   
                 ΣCT/Td 
                 0.712 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     3rd Embodiment 
       FIG.  5    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 3rd embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  6    shows, in order from left to right, spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 3rd embodiment. In  FIG.  5   , the image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly (its reference numeral is omitted) of the present disclosure and an image sensor  395 . The photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, an aperture stop  300 , a first lens element  310 , a second lens element  320 , a third lens element  330 , a fourth lens element  340 , a fifth lens element  350 , a sixth lens element  360 , a seventh lens element  370 , an IR-cut filter  380  and an image surface  390 , wherein the photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements ( 310 - 370 ) with refractive power. There is an air gap in a paraxial region between any two of the first lens element  310 , the second lens element  320 , the third lens element  330 , the fourth lens element  340 , the fifth lens element  350 , the sixth lens element  360  and the seventh lens element  370  that are adjacent to each other. 
     The first lens element  310  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  311  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  312  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The first lens element  310  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  311  and the image-side surface  312  being both aspheric. 
     The second lens element  320  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  321  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  322  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element  320  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  321  and the image-side surface  322  being both aspheric. 
     The third lens element  330  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  331  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  332  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The third lens element  330  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  331  and the image-side surface  332  being both aspheric. 
     The fourth lens element  340  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  341  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  342  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fourth lens element  340  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  341  and the image-side surface  342  being both aspheric. 
     The fifth lens element  350  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  351  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  352  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fifth lens element  350  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  351  and the image-side surface  352  being both aspheric. 
     The sixth lens element  360  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  361  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  362  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  362  of the sixth lens element  360  has at least one concave shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  360  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  361  and the image-side surface  362  being both aspheric. 
     The seventh lens element  370  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  371  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  372  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  372  of the seventh lens element  370  has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  370  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  371  and the image-side surface  372  being both aspheric. 
     The IR-cut filter  380  is made of glass and located between the seventh lens element  370  and the image surface  390 , and will not affect the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly. The image sensor  395  is disposed on or near the image surface  390  of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The detailed optical data of the 3rd embodiment are shown in Table 5 and the aspheric surface data are shown in Table 6 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 3rd Embodiment 
               
               
                 f = 5.38 mm, Fno = 1.73, HFOV = 36.8 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface# 
                   
                 Curvature Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 Ape. Stop 
                 Plano 
                 −0.519  
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 2.654 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.687 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 5.82 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 14.875 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.050 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 −96.942 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.526 
                 Plastic 
                 1.514 
                 56.8 
                 97.14 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 −32.999 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.050 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 2.864 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.330 
                 Plastic 
                 1.640 
                 23.3 
                 −10.49 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 1.917 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.577 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 18.964 
                 (ASP) 
                 1.187 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 3.05 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 −1.776 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.071 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 −1.409 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.643 
                 Plastic 
                 1.640 
                 23.3 
                 −23.83 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −1.829 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.050 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 −8.873 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.400 
                 Plastic 
                 1.640 
                 23.3 
                 −27.83 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −17.994 
                 (ASP) 
                 1.073 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 −32.658 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.500 
                 Plastic 
                 1.535 
                 55.7 
                 −4.40 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 2.551 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 16 
                 IR-cut filter 
                 Plano 
                 0.300 
                 Glass 
                 1.517 
                 64.2 
                 — 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 Plano 
                 0.252 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 Reference wavelength is 587.6 nm (d-line). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
                 7 
                 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −1.7181E+00 
                   1.1104E+00 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                 −8.9149E−02 
                 −1.9940E+00 
                 −1.0000E+00 
               
               
                  A4 = 
                   9.5611E−03 
                 −2.4090E−02 
                 −3.4435E−03 
                   3.6835E−02 
                 −7.0674E−02 
                 −5.7775E−02 
                 −9.4863E−03 
               
               
                  A6 = 
                   3.7019E−03 
                   1.8135E−02 
                   2.0716E−02 
                 −1.3171E−02 
                   2.5334E−02 
                   3.3846E−02 
                   3.0457E−03 
               
               
                  A8 = 
                 −2.1882E−03 
                 −7.5777E−03 
                 −1.6290E−02 
                   4.7648E−03 
                 −2.6272E−02 
                 −1.8688E−02 
                 −1.0812E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                   1.6773E−04 
                   5.4750E−03 
                   1.1487E−02 
                 −6.6511E−03 
                   1.4841E−02 
                   5.8132E−03 
                   1.3845E−02 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                   5.6189E−04 
                   5.6842E−04 
                 −5.6982E−04 
                   5.3854E−03 
                 −5.2035E−03 
                 −5.0051E−04 
                 −8.6161E−03 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −1.6823E−04 
                 −7.5474E−04 
                 −1.2285E−03 
                 −2.1163E−03 
                   1.0445E−03 
                 −6.4496E−05 
                   2.5655E−03 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                   1.2862E−05 
                   7.4297E−05 
                   2.3330E−04 
                   3.5464E−04 
                 −7.4689E−05 
                   3.2961E−06 
                 −2.8547E−04 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −3.4848E+00 
                 −1.3857E+00 
                 −3.6772E+00 
                 −9.9342E+00 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                   2.6238E+00 
                 −9.2828E+00 
               
               
                  A4 = 
                   8.5885E−03 
                   1.2328E−01 
                   5.9384E−02 
                 −1.3120E−02 
                 −6.5533E−02 
                 −8.3641E−02 
                 −3.3705E−02 
               
               
                  A6 = 
                 −2.9727E−02 
                 −7.7829E−02 
                 −3.0931E−02 
                   4.5857E−03 
                   3.0002E−02 
                   1.6838E−02 
                   7.2650E−03 
               
               
                  A8 = 
                   1.7657E−02 
                   4.2569E−02 
                   1.1483E−02 
                 −7.5794E−03 
                 −1.1493E−02 
                 −6.8703E−04 
                 −9.9339E−04 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −2.4281E−03 
                 −1.5673E−02 
                 −3.9964E−03 
                   4.3871E−03 
                   2.9666E−03 
                 −1.7616E−04 
                   8.0847E−05 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 −1.5652E−03 
                   3.4435E−03 
                   8.0624E−04 
                 −1.5578E−03 
                 −4.1297E−04 
                   2.9158E−05 
                 −3.9800E−06 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                   6.3476E−04 
                 −3.7128E−04 
                 −6.7726E−05 
                   2.7939E−04 
                   2.8544E−05 
                 −1.8236E−06 
                   1.1008E−07 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 −6.4192E−05 
                   1.1565E−05 
                   7.2106E−07 
                 −1.8643E−05 
                 −7.8531E−07 
                   4.3320E−08 
                 −1.3508E−09 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the 3rd embodiment, the equation of the aspheric surface profiles of the aforementioned lens elements is the same as the equation of the 1st embodiment. Also, the definitions of these parameters shown in the following table are the same as those stated in the 1st embodiment with corresponding values for the 3rd embodiment, so an explanation in this regard will not be provided again. 
     Moreover, these parameters can be calculated from Table 5 and Table 6 as the following values and satisfy the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 3rd Embodiment 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 f [mm] 
                 5.38 
                 Rimg [mm] 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
                 Fno 
                 1.73 
                 R14/f 
                 0.47 
               
               
                   
                 HFOV [deg.] 
                 36.8 
                 f/f12 
                 0.97 
               
               
                   
                 Nmax 
                 1.64 
                 f6/f 
                 −5.17 
               
               
                   
                 Nmin 
                 1.51 
                 (f/f6) + (f/f7) 
                 −1.42 
               
               
                   
                 V6 
                 23.3 
                 BF/f 
                 0.20 
               
               
                   
                 (V1 + V2)/(V5 + V6) 
                 2.42 
                 TL/ImgH 
                 1.80 
               
               
                   
                 CT6/CT7 
                 0.80 
                 Td/EPD 
                 1.98 
               
               
                   
                 ΣCT/Td 
                 0.695 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     4th Embodiment 
       FIG.  7    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 4th embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  8    shows, in order from left to right, spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 4th embodiment. In  FIG.  7   , the image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly (its reference numeral is omitted) of the present disclosure and an image sensor  495 . The photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, an aperture stop  400 , a first lens element  410 , a second lens element  420 , a third lens element  430 , a fourth lens element  440 , a fifth lens element  450 , a sixth lens element  460 , a seventh lens element  470 , an IR-cut filter  480  and an image surface  490 , wherein the photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements ( 410 - 470 ) with refractive power. There is an air gap in a paraxial region between any two of the first lens element  410 , the second lens element  420 , the third lens element  430 , the fourth lens element  440 , the fifth lens element  450 , the sixth lens element  460  and the seventh lens element  470  that are adjacent to each other. 
     The first lens element  410  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  411  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  412  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The first lens element  410  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  411  and the image-side surface  412  being both aspheric. 
     The second lens element  420  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  421  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  422  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element  420  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  421  and the image-side surface  422  being both aspheric. 
     The third lens element  430  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  431  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  432  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The third lens element  430  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  431  and the image-side surface  432  being both aspheric. 
     The fourth lens element  440  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  441  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  442  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fourth lens element  440  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  441  and the image-side surface  442  being both aspheric. 
     The fifth lens element  450  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  451  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  452  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fifth lens element  450  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  451  and the image-side surface  452  being both aspheric. 
     The sixth lens element  460  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  461  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  462  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  462  of the sixth lens element  460  has at least one concave shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  460  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  461  and the image-side surface  462  being both aspheric. 
     The seventh lens element  470  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  471  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  472  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  472  of the seventh lens element  470  has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  470  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  471  and the image-side surface  472  being both aspheric. 
     The IR-cut filter  480  is made of glass and located between the seventh lens element  470  and the image surface  490 , and will not affect the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly. The image sensor  495  is disposed on or near the image surface  490  of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The detailed optical data of the 4th embodiment are shown in Table 7 and the aspheric surface data are shown in Table 8 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 4th Embodiment 
               
               
                 f = 4.95 mm, Fno = 2.20, HFOV = 39.5 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface# 
                   
                 Curvature Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 Ape. Stop 
                 Plano 
                 −0.256  
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 2.642 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.539 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 4.74 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 −101.612 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.050 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 4.269 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.156 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −6.82 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 2.126 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.052 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 2.199 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.303 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 23.76 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 2.433 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.548 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 −124.150 
                 (ASP) 
                 1.626 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 2.86 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 −1.545 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.072 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 −1.166 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.320 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −11.21 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −1.542 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.129 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 −4.001 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.400 
                 Plastic 
                 1.607 
                 26.6 
                 −104.40 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −4.432 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.626 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 4.829 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.688 
                 Plastic 
                 1.535 
                 55.7 
                 −4.56 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 1.539 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.750 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 16 
                 IR-cut filter 
                 Plano 
                 0.175 
                 Glass 
                 1.517 
                 64.2 
                 — 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 Plano 
                 0.326 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 Reference wavelength is 587.6 nm (d-line). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −2.1984E+00  
                 −2.0000E+01  
                 −3.9539E+00 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                 −7.3872E−02 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 1.8254E−02 
                 5.8522E−03 
                 −1.4416E−02 
                 −3.2867E−02 
                 −6.9502E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 7.4376E−03 
                 2.0056E−02 
                  1.0732E−02 
                  5.1758E−03 
                  2.3333E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −1.6497E−03  
                 −1.4594E−02  
                 −1.9617E−02 
                 −6.1430E−03 
                 −2.3749E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 2.1642E−03 
                 4.2827E−03 
                  8.1120E−03 
                 −3.7714E−03 
                  1.6324E−02 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 4.5510E−04 
                 1.7723E−03 
                 −1.4627E−03 
                  7.2644E−03 
                 −4.1381E−03 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −6.3006E−04  
                 −9.5401E−04  
                 −3.7899E−04 
                 −2.9023E−03 
                  1.8113E−03 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 3.3833E−04 
                 4.3660E−05 
                 −2.4478E−04 
                  5.0082E−04 
                 −6.8967E−04 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                  6.4058E−02 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                 −3.1892E+00 
                 −2.4337E+00 
                 −3.6426E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −5.7246E−02 
                 −2.4257E−02 
                 −6.9393E−03 
                  1.0999E−01 
                  7.5494E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  1.5067E−02 
                  6.3470E−03 
                 −3.0051E−02 
                 −8.6853E−02 
                 −3.4080E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −1.0411E−02 
                 −2.8602E−02 
                  1.5502E−02 
                  4.1811E−02 
                  1.0509E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                  7.5888E−03 
                  4.2214E−02 
                 −5.6934E−03 
                 −1.5470E−02 
                 −4.0222E−03 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 −4.1515E−04 
                 −3.5163E−02 
                  1.5975E−03 
                  3.5363E−03 
                  8.2851E−04 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −2.9198E−04 
                  1.5258E−02 
                 −3.3630E−04 
                 −3.5931E−04 
                 −6.3399E−05 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 −1.3612E−04 
                 −2.4925E−03 
                  4.5399E−05 
                  5.1908E−06 
                  7.0454E−07 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                 1.6638E+00 
                 −1.0056E+01 
                 −4.1433E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −1.3110E−02 
                 −1.3679E−02  
                 −1.0199E−01 
                 −4.6717E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  4.1663E−03 
                 6.0142E−03 
                  2.2107E−02 
                  1.2403E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −2.5839E−03 
                 4.9766E−04 
                 −2.0722E−03 
                 −2.3856E−03 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                  1.6573E−03 
                 −4.2592E−04  
                  9.7566E−05 
                  3.1173E−04 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 −9.4246E−04 
                 1.0662E−04 
                 −3.2568E−06 
                 −2.6950E−05 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                  2.0555E−04 
                 −1.3798E−05  
                  1.8356E−07 
                  1.3335E−06 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 −1.4473E−05 
                 7.2597E−07 
                 −6.7482E−09 
                 −2.7588E−08 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the 4th embodiment, the equation of the aspheric surface profiles of the aforementioned lens elements is the same as the equation of the 1st embodiment. Also, the definitions of these parameters shown in the following table are the same as those stated in the 1st embodiment with corresponding values for the 4th embodiment, so an explanation in this regard will not be provided again. 
     Moreover, these parameters can be calculated from Table 7 and Table 8 as the following values and satisfy the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 4th Embodiment 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 f [mm] 
                 4.95 
                 Rimg [mm] 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
                 Fno 
                 2.20 
                 R14/f 
                 0.31 
               
               
                   
                 HFOV [deg.] 
                 39.5 
                 f/f12 
                 0.41 
               
               
                   
                 Nmax 
                 1.64 
                 f6/f 
                 −21.09 
               
               
                   
                 Nmin 
                 1.54 
                 (f/f6) + (f/f7) 
                 −1.13 
               
               
                   
                 V6 
                 26.6 
                 BF/f 
                 0.25 
               
               
                   
                 (V1 + V2)/(V5 + V6) 
                 1.58 
                 TL/ImgH 
                 1.69 
               
               
                   
                 CT6/CT7 
                 0.58 
                 Td/EPD 
                 2.45 
               
               
                   
                 ΣCT/Td 
                 0.732 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     5th Embodiment 
       FIG.  9    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 5th embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  10    shows, in order from left to right, spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 5th embodiment. In  FIG.  9   , the image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly (its reference numeral is omitted) of the present disclosure and an image sensor  595 . The photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element  510 , an aperture stop  500 , a second lens element  520 , a third lens element  530 , a fourth lens element  540 , a fifth lens element  550 , a sixth lens element  560 , a seventh lens element  570 , an IR-cut filter  580  and an image surface  590 , wherein the photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements ( 510 - 570 ) with refractive power. There is an air gap in a paraxial region between any two of the first lens element  510 , the second lens element  520 , the third lens element  530 , the fourth lens element  540 , the fifth lens element  550 , the sixth lens element  560  and the seventh lens element  570  that are adjacent to each other. 
     The first lens element  510  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  511  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  512  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The first lens element  510  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  511  and the image-side surface  512  being both aspheric. 
     The second lens element  520  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  521  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  522  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element  520  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  521  and the image-side surface  522  being both aspheric. 
     The third lens element  530  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  531  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  532  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The third lens element  530  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  531  and the image-side surface  532  being both aspheric. 
     The fourth lens element  540  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  541  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  542  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fourth lens element  540  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  541  and the image-side surface  542  being both aspheric. 
     The fifth lens element  550  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  551  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  552  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fifth lens element  550  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  551  and the image-side surface  552  being both aspheric. 
     The sixth lens element  560  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  561  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  562  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  562  of the sixth lens element  560  has at least one concave shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  560  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  561  and the image-side surface  562  being both aspheric. 
     The seventh lens element  570  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  571  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  572  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  572  of the seventh lens element  570  has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  570  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  571  and the image-side surface  572  being both aspheric. 
     The IR-cut filter  580  is made of glass and located between the seventh lens element  570  and the image surface  590 , and will not affect the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly. The image sensor  595  is disposed on or near the image surface  590  of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The detailed optical data of the 5th embodiment are shown in Table 9 and the aspheric surface data are shown in Table 10 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 5th Embodiment 
               
               
                 f = 5.10 mm, Fno = 2.32, HFOV = 38.0 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface# 
                   
                 Curvature Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Lens 1 
                 2.504 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.604 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 4.71 
               
               
                 2 
                   
                 98.192 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.018 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 3 
                 Ape. Stop 
                 Plano 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 2.846 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.186 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −8.61 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 1.828 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.162 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 2.837 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.260 
                 Plastic 
                 1.650 
                 21.5 
                 −149.93 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 2.658 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.513 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 −129.662 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.900 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 5.36 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 −2.857 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.566 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 −2.049 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.320 
                 Plastic 
                 1.634 
                 23.8 
                 −7.84 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −3.696 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.096 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 −4.162 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.400 
                 Plastic 
                 1.583 
                 30.2 
                 −101.99 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −4.634 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.087 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 2.248 
                 (ASP) 
                 1.342 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 102.02 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 1.850 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.750 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 16 
                 IR-cut filter 
                 Plano 
                 0.175 
                 Glass 
                 1.517 
                 64.2 
                 — 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 Plano 
                 0.342 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 Reference wavelength is 587.6 nm (d-line). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 1 
                 2 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −1.9718E+00 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                 −5.7326E+00 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                  5.1555E−01 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                  1.6873E−02 
                 −8.9806E−03 
                 −2.4494E−02 
                 −3.1770E−02 
                 −5.9388E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  3.0216E−03 
                  1.9472E−02 
                  7.1451E−03 
                  8.3196E−03 
                  2.9516E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −5.2775E−04 
                 −1.4533E−02 
                 −1.2511E−02 
                 −5.9567E−03 
                 −2.3594E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                  5.7967E−04 
                  6.7582E−03 
                  8.0752E−03 
                 −2.5490E−03 
                  1.6383E−02 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  2.9948E−04 
                  6.8475E−04 
                 −2.9358E−03 
                  6.2317E−03 
                 −1.0052E−02 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −6.9806E−06 
                 −3.2518E−03 
                 −7.6286E−04 
                 −4.2257E−03 
                  5.5930E−03 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 −7.6873E−05 
                  1.2185E−03 
                  2.3142E−04 
                  9.6863E−04 
                 −1.0401E−03 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −2.5815E−01 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                 −4.4231E−01 
                 −5.0321E−01 
                 −1.2251E+01 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −6.9049E−02 
                 −2.8863E−02 
                 −1.3631E−02 
                  8.4734E−02 
                  6.4030E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  2.4276E−02 
                 −4.2932E−03 
                 −2.4127E−02 
                 −7.6811E−02 
                 −4.7353E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −1.3529E−02 
                 −1.7619E−02 
                  1.6044E−02 
                  4.4771E−02 
                  2.1002E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                  5.2102E−03 
                  2.8895E−02 
                 −8.3899E−03 
                 −1.9403E−02 
                 −9.7513E−03 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 −1.3698E−04 
                 −2.7156E−02 
                  2.0384E−03 
                  6.0043E−03 
                  3.0120E−03 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                  3.9368E−04 
                  1.1735E−02 
                 −2.2973E−04 
                 −1.0345E−03 
                 −4.7896E−04 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                  1.0254E−04 
                 −1.6835E−03 
                  2.9140E−05 
                  6.6727E−05 
                  2.9759E−05 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                 1.8773E+00 
                 −1.0000E+01 
                 −2.5740E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                  1.0306E−01 
                 −4.5589E−02  
                 −1.0325E−01 
                 −5.5129E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 −1.0804E−01 
                 1.0615E−02 
                  2.0506E−02 
                  1.4051E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                  6.9813E−02 
                 2.8774E−03 
                 −1.0636E−04 
                 −2.4716E−03 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −3.0504E−02 
                 −1.0310E−03  
                 −4.2373E−04 
                  2.8356E−04 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  7.9275E−03 
                 1.0351E−04 
                  5.7518E−05 
                 −2.1232E−05 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −1.1124E−03 
                 −3.2345E−06  
                 −3.1704E−06 
                  9.3736E−07 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                  6.4862E−05 
                 2.5919E−08 
                  6.4419E−08 
                 −1.8065E−08 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the 5th embodiment, the equation of the aspheric surface profiles of the aforementioned lens elements is the same as the equation of the 1st embodiment. Also, the definitions of these parameters shown in the following table are the same as those stated in the 1st embodiment with corresponding values for the 5th embodiment, so an explanation in this regard will not be provided again. 
     Moreover, these parameters can be calculated from Table 9 and Table 10 as the following values and satisfy the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 5th Embodiment 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 f [mm] 
                 5.10 
                 Rimg [mm] 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
                 Fno 
                 2.32 
                 R14/f 
                 0.36 
               
               
                   
                 HFOV [deg.] 
                 38.0 
                 f/f12 
                 0.59 
               
               
                   
                 Nmax 
                 1.65 
                 f6/f 
                 −20.00 
               
               
                   
                 Nmin 
                 1.54 
                 (f/f6) + (f/f7) 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 V6 
                 30.2 
                 BF/f 
                 0.25 
               
               
                   
                 (V1 + V2)/(V5 + V6) 
                 1.47 
                 TL/ImgH 
                 1.69 
               
               
                   
                 CT6/CT7 
                 0.30 
                 Td/EPD 
                 2.50 
               
               
                   
                 ΣCT/Td 
                 0.731 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     6th Embodiment 
       FIG.  11    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 6th embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  12    shows, in order from left to right, spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 6th embodiment. In  FIG.  11   , the image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly (its reference numeral is omitted) of the present disclosure and an image sensor  695 . The photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, an aperture stop  600 , a first lens element  610 , a second lens element  620 , a third lens element  630 , a fourth lens element  640 , a fifth lens element  650 , a sixth lens element  660 , a seventh lens element  670 , an IR-cut filter  680  and an image surface  690 , wherein the photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements ( 610 - 670 ) with refractive power. There is an air gap in a paraxial region between any two of the first lens element  610 , the second lens element  620 , the third lens element  630 , the fourth lens element  640 , the fifth lens element  650 , the sixth lens element  660  and the seventh lens element  670  that are adjacent to each other. 
     The first lens element  610  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  611  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  612  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The first lens element  610  is made of glass material and has the object-side surface  611  and the image-side surface  612  being both aspheric. 
     The second lens element  620  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  621  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  622  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element  620  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  621  and the image-side surface  622  being both aspheric. 
     The third lens element  630  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  631  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  632  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The third lens element  630  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  631  and the image-side surface  632  being both aspheric. 
     The fourth lens element  640  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  641  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  642  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fourth lens element  640  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  641  and the image-side surface  642  being both aspheric. 
     The fifth lens element  650  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  651  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  652  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fifth lens element  650  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  651  and the image-side surface  652  being both aspheric. 
     The sixth lens element  660  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  661  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  662  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  662  of the sixth lens element  660  has at least one concave shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  660  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  661  and the image-side surface  662  being both aspheric. 
     The seventh lens element  670  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  671  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  672  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  672  of the seventh lens element  670  has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  670  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  671  and the image-side surface  672  being both aspheric. 
     The IR-cut filter  680  is made of glass and located between the seventh lens element  670  and the image surface  690 , and will not affect the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly. The image sensor  695  is disposed on or near the image surface  690  of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The detailed optical data of the 6th embodiment are shown in Table 11 and the aspheric surface data are shown in Table 12 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 6th Embodiment 
               
               
                 f = 5.56 mm, Fno = 2.02, HFOV = 35.5 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface# 
                   
                 Curvature Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 Ape. Stop 
                 Plano 
                 −0.450  
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 2.403 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.684 
                 Glass 
                 1.542 
                 62.9 
                 4.83 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 26.100 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.055 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 −27.412 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.348 
                 Plastic 
                 1.634 
                 23.8 
                 −56.96 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 −114.348 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.063 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 2.970 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.260 
                 Plastic 
                 1.634 
                 23.8 
                 −13.49 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 2.129 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.715 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 −50.003 
                 (ASP) 
                 1.602 
                 Plastic 
                 1.535 
                 55.7 
                 3.94 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 −2.047 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.054 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 −1.767 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.347 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −18.61 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −2.235 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.401 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 −14.883 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.686 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 −39.33 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −49.650 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.381 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 12.788 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.500 
                 Plastic 
                 1.535 
                 55.7 
                 −4.37 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 1.949 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 16 
                 IR-cut filter 
                 Plano 
                 0.300 
                 Glass 
                 1.517 
                 64.2 
                 — 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 Plano 
                 0.252 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 Reference wavelength is 587.6 nm (d-line). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −1.1813E+00  
                 5.0000E+00 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                 −1.4393E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 1.2132E−02 
                 −1.8007E−02  
                  1.7602E−02 
                  4.0614E−02 
                 −7.6971E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 3.0374E−03 
                 3.1016E−02 
                  1.5857E−02 
                 −1.5376E−02 
                  3.0306E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −6.5296E−04  
                 −2.0414E−02  
                 −1.9551E−02 
                  4.7550E−03 
                 −2.2009E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 1.8544E−04 
                 4.7545E−03 
                  9.9894E−03 
                 −4.5014E−03 
                  1.3608E−02 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 4.0026E−04 
                 3.5216E−03 
                 −9.0284E−04 
                  5.3073E−03 
                 −5.0663E−03 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −2.3397E−04  
                 −2.8093E−03  
                 −1.1730E−03 
                 −2.5802E−03 
                  1.3619E−03 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 4.8100E−05 
                 5.9364E−04 
                  3.6515E−04 
                  4.8000E−04 
                 −2.7647E−04 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −3.2512E+00 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                 −2.1713E+00 
                 −1.2168E+00 
                 −4.9363E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −5.5979E−02 
                 −1.9923E−02 
                  5.8113E−02 
                  1.7429E−01 
                  9.5272E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  3.5605E−02 
                  9.9231E−03 
                 −6.9149E−02 
                 −1.2763E−01 
                 −7.4941E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −1.8492E−02 
                 −2.2781E−02 
                  2.9768E−02 
                  5.7755E−02 
                  3.5033E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                  7.0880E−03 
                  2.3805E−02 
                 −7.9752E−03 
                 −1.7052E−02 
                 −1.0742E−02 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 −3.2849E−04 
                 −1.5228E−02 
                  1.4310E−03 
                  3.2518E−03 
                  2.1626E−03 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −1.7340E−04 
                  5.1929E−03 
                 −1.8320E−04 
                 −3.5057E−04 
                 −2.5246E−04 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 −3.2043E−05 
                 −6.7214E−04 
                  1.5070E−05 
                  1.4724E−05 
                  1.2558E−05 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −9.9342E+00 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                 −1.0000E+01 
                 −7.3715E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                  7.5893E−02 
                  1.4884E−02 
                 −1.4877E−01 
                 −6.1044E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 −7.4416E−02 
                 −2.2606E−02 
                  4.3400E−02 
                  1.8517E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                  3.4393E−02 
                  6.9648E−03 
                 −5.6536E−03 
                 −3.1990E−03 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −1.1119E−02 
                 −1.0599E−03 
                  3.5101E−04 
                  3.3505E−04 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  2.2788E−03 
                  9.2994E−05 
                 −5.3341E−06 
                 −2.2349E−05 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −2.6134E−04 
                 −4.7387E−06 
                 −4.5200E−07 
                  8.9583E−07 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                  1.2819E−05 
                  1.1372E−07 
                  1.7050E−08 
                 −1.6354E−08 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the 6th embodiment, the equation of the aspheric surface profiles of the aforementioned lens elements is the same as the equation of the 1st embodiment. Also, the definitions of these parameters shown in the following table are the same as those stated in the 1st embodiment with corresponding values for the 6th embodiment, so an explanation in this regard will not be provided again. 
     Moreover, these parameters can be calculated from Table 11 and Table 12 as the following values and satisfy the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 6th Embodiment 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 f [mm] 
                 5.56 
                 Rimg [mm] 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
                 Fno 
                 2.02 
                 R14/f 
                 0.35 
               
               
                   
                 HFOV [deg.] 
                 35.5 
                 f/f12 
                 1.06 
               
               
                   
                 Nmax 
                 1.64 
                 f6/f 
                 −7.07 
               
               
                   
                 Nmin 
                 1.54 
                 (f/f6) + (f/f7) 
                 −1.41 
               
               
                   
                 V6 
                 55.9 
                 BF/f 
                 0.19 
               
               
                   
                 (V1 + V2)/(V5 + V6) 
                 1.09 
                 TL/ImgH 
                 1.79 
               
               
                   
                 CT6/CT7 
                 1.37 
                 Td/EPD 
                 2.21 
               
               
                   
                 ΣCT/Td 
                 0.726 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     7th Embodiment 
       FIG.  13    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 7th embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  14    shows, in order from left to right, spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 7th embodiment. In  FIG.  13   , the image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly (its reference numeral is omitted) of the present disclosure and an image sensor  795 . The photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element  710 , an aperture stop  700 , a second lens element  720 , a third lens element  730 , a fourth lens element  740 , a fifth lens element  750 , a sixth lens element  760 , a seventh lens element  770 , an IR-cut filter  780  and an image surface  790 , wherein the photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements ( 710 - 770 ) with refractive power. There is an air gap in a paraxial region between any two of the first lens element  710 , the second lens element  720 , the third lens element  730 , the fourth lens element  740 , the fifth lens element  750 , the sixth lens element  760  and the seventh lens element  770  that are adjacent to each other. 
     The first lens element  710  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  711  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  712  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The first lens element  710  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  711  and the image-side surface  712  being both aspheric. 
     The second lens element  720  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  721  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  722  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element  720  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  721  and the image-side surface  722  being both aspheric. 
     The third lens element  730  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  731  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  732  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The third lens element  730  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  731  and the image-side surface  732  being both aspheric. 
     The fourth lens element  740  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  741  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  742  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The fourth lens element  740  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  741  and the image-side surface  742  being both aspheric. 
     The fifth lens element  750  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  751  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  752  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fifth lens element  750  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  751  and the image-side surface  752  being both aspheric. 
     The sixth lens element  760  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  761  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  762  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  762  of the sixth lens element  760  has at least one concave shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  760  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  761  and the image-side surface  762  being both aspheric. 
     The seventh lens element  770  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  771  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  772  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  772  of the seventh lens element  770  has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  770  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  771  and the image-side surface  772  being both aspheric. 
     The IR-cut filter  780  is made of glass and located between the seventh lens element  770  and the image surface  790 , and will not affect the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly. The image sensor  795  is disposed on or near the image surface  790  of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The detailed optical data of the 7th embodiment are shown in Table 13 and the aspheric surface data are shown in Table 14 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 7th Embodiment 
               
               
                 f = 4.73 mm, Fno = 2.28, HFOV = 39.5 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface# 
                   
                 Curvature Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Lens 1 
                 2.714 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.453 
                 Plastic 
                 1.570 
                 57.0 
                 5.00 
               
               
                 2 
                   
                 53.896 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.001 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 3 
                 Ape. Stop 
                 Plano 
                 0.092 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 3.480 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.240 
                 Plastic 
                 1.670 
                 20.0 
                 −15.11 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 2.518 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.320 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 −46.634 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.552 
                 Plastic 
                 1.570 
                 57.0 
                 5.40 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 −2.902 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.050 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 3.908 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.240 
                 Plastic 
                 1.670 
                 20.0 
                 −10.13 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 2.419 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.584 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 −2.563 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.300 
                 Plastic 
                 1.670 
                 20.0 
                 19.05 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −2.235 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.276 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 −7.575 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.820 
                 Plastic 
                 1.570 
                 57.0 
                 −14.59 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −88.329 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.050 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 2.600 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.810 
                 Plastic 
                 1.570 
                 57.0 
                 −10.28 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 1.597 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 16 
                 IR-cut filter 
                 Plano 
                 0.300 
                 Glass 
                 1.517 
                 64.2 
                 — 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 Plano 
                 0.331 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 Reference wavelength is 587.6 nm (d-line). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 1 
                 2 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                  2.6177E−01 
                 −6.5250E+00 
                  1.8576E+00 
                 −1.6501E−01 
                 −5.0000E+01 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −2.5356E−02 
                 −5.7176E−02 
                 −7.1846E−02 
                 −4.5661E−02 
                  1.6108E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 −1.9213E−02 
                  4.5632E−02 
                  7.5251E−02 
                  3.2750E−02 
                 −1.7588E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                  7.6342E−03 
                 −4.7487E−02 
                 −4.2279E−02 
                 −1.4867E−02 
                  1.6199E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −1.7463E−02 
                  2.0988E−02 
                  1.5502E−02 
                  8.2797E−03 
                 −9.0024E−03 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  1.1330E−02 
                 −3.1010E−03 
                 −2.7759E−03 
                 −3.8785E−03 
                  7.0617E−03 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −2.8194E−03 
                 −7.7148E−04 
                 −9.6871E−04 
                  1.1016E−04 
                 −2.3275E−03 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −2.1206E+01 
                 3.0000E+00 
                 −1.3362E+01 
                  2.7888E−01 
                 −4.3508E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −6.0409E−02 
                 −1.0368E−01  
                 −1.3129E−02 
                  9.7307E−02 
                  1.1018E−01 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  2.1610E−02 
                 −2.6568E−03  
                 −2.7323E−02 
                 −8.9401E−02 
                 −2.1346E−01 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −6.9670E−03 
                 4.9067E−03 
                  1.6072E−02 
                  8.8811E−02 
                  2.2001E−01 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −2.8227E−03 
                 1.5674E−04 
                 −3.9654E−03 
                 −5.9419E−02 
                 −1.4556E−01 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  2.3977E−03 
                 −3.4866E−03  
                 −8.8260E−04 
                  1.8121E−02 
                  5.9059E−02 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −9.5273E−04 
                 6.2578E−04 
                  3.1609E−04 
                 −1.6988E−03 
                 −1.4344E−02 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 −2.6189E−04 
                  1.6581E−03 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −1.3240E+01 
                 3.0000E+00 
                 −1.6524E+01 
                 −6.5146E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                  1.8781E−01 
                 4.1508E−02 
                 −1.0099E−01 
                 −5.6450E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 −3.1018E−01 
                 −5.6846E−02  
                  1.9853E−02 
                  1.7962E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                  2.7789E−01 
                 2.8227E−02 
                 −5.9820E−04 
                 −4.3557E−03 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −1.7179E−01 
                 −8.4691E−03  
                 −2.0738E−04 
                  7.0226E−04 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  6.7580E−02 
                 1.4798E−03 
                  2.3117E−05 
                 −6.9730E−05 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −1.5523E−02 
                 −1.3453E−04  
                 −6.2287E−07 
                  3.7963E−06 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                  1.5532E−03 
                 4.8827E−06 
                 −1.0998E−08 
                 −8.6093E−08 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the 7th embodiment, the equation of the aspheric surface profiles of the aforementioned lens elements is the same as the equation of the 1st embodiment. Also, the definitions of these parameters shown in the following table are the same as those stated in the 1st embodiment with corresponding values for the 7th embodiment, so an explanation in this regard will not be provided again. 
     Moreover, these parameters can be calculated from Table 13 and Table 14 as the following values and satisfy the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 7th Embodiment 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 f [mm] 
                 4.73 
                 Rimg [mm] 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
                 Fno 
                 2.28 
                 R14/f 
                 0.34 
               
               
                   
                 HFOV [deg.] 
                 39.5 
                 f/f12 
                 0.69 
               
               
                   
                 Nmax 
                 1.67 
                 f6/f 
                 −3.08 
               
               
                   
                 Nmin 
                 1.57 
                 (f/f6) + (f/f7) 
                 −0.78 
               
               
                   
                 V6 
                 57.0 
                 BF/f 
                 0.24 
               
               
                   
                 (V1 + V2)/(V5 + V6) 
                 1.00 
                 TL/ImgH 
                 1.48 
               
               
                   
                 CT6/CT7 
                 1.01 
                 Td/EPD 
                 2.31 
               
               
                   
                 ΣCT/Td 
                 0.713 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     8th Embodiment 
       FIG.  15    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 8th embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  16    shows, in order from left to right, spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 8th embodiment. In  FIG.  15   , the image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly (its reference numeral is omitted) of the present disclosure and an image sensor  895 . The photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, an aperture stop  800 , a first lens element  810 , a second lens element  820 , a third lens element  830 , a fourth lens element  840 , a fifth lens element  850 , a sixth lens element  860 , a seventh lens element  870 , an IR-cut filter  880  and an image surface  890 , wherein the photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements ( 810 - 870 ) with refractive power. There is an air gap in a paraxial region between any two of the first lens element  810 , the second lens element  820 , the third lens element  830 , the fourth lens element  840 , the fifth lens element  850 , the sixth lens element  860  and the seventh lens element  870  that are adjacent to each other. 
     The first lens element  810  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  811  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  812  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The first lens element  810  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  811  and the image-side surface  812  being both aspheric. 
     The second lens element  820  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  821  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  822  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element  820  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  821  and the image-side surface  822  being both aspheric. 
     The third lens element  830  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  831  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  832  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The third lens element  830  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  831  and the image-side surface  832  being both aspheric. 
     The fourth lens element  840  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  841  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  842  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The fourth lens element  840  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  841  and the image-side surface  842  being both aspheric. 
     The fifth lens element  850  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  851  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  852  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fifth lens element  850  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  851  and the image-side surface  852  being both aspheric. 
     The sixth lens element  860  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  861  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  862  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  862  of the sixth lens element  860  has at least one concave shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  860  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  861  and the image-side surface  862  being both aspheric. 
     The seventh lens element  870  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  871  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  872  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  872  of the seventh lens element  870  has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  870  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  871  and the image-side surface  872  being both aspheric. 
     The IR-cut filter  880  is made of glass and located between the seventh lens element  870  and the image surface  890 , and will not affect the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly. The image sensor  895  is disposed on or near the image surface  890  of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The detailed optical data of the 8th embodiment are shown in Table 15 and the aspheric surface data are shown in Table 16 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 8th Embodiment 
               
               
                 f = 5.42 mm, Fno = 2.40, HFOV = 36.0 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface# 
                   
                 Curvature Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 Ape. Stop 
                 Plano 
                 −0.299  
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 2.126 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.586 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 4.13 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 35.690 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.152 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 −123.305 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.240 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −8.95 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 6.004 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.275 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 19.420 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.501 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 27.35 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 −63.149 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.085 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 7.941 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.291 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 26.46 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 17.484 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.545 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 −3.202 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.300 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 15.46 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −2.507 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.228 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 −5.237 
                 (ASP) 
                 1.002 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −8.85 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −75.680 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.050 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 2.405 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.803 
                 Plastic 
                 1.535 
                 55.7 
                 −19.16 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 1.721 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 16 
                 IR-cut filter 
                 Plano 
                 0.145 
                 Glass 
                 1.517 
                 64.2 
                 — 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 Plano 
                 0.726 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image 
                 −100.000 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 Reference wavelength is 587.6 nm (d-line). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                  8.4792E−01 
                 −5.0000E+01 
                 −5.0000E+01 
                 3.0000E+00 
                 −5.0000E+01 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −1.2217E−02 
                 −3.4832E−02 
                 −6.8738E−02 
                 −5.1022E−02  
                 −1.9883E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 −9.6481E−03 
                  2.7307E−02 
                  8.6151E−02 
                 6.6668E−02 
                 −1.7993E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                  9.2871E−03 
                 −2.5878E−02 
                 −4.8806E−02 
                 −3.8122E−02  
                  3.3538E−03 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −1.7884E−02 
                  1.5484E−02 
                  1.7252E−02 
                 1.3892E−02 
                 −5.8137E−03 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  1.1448E−02 
                 −7.1978E−03 
                 −2.2554E−04 
                 1.3060E−03 
                  5.6484E−03 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −4.1224E−03 
                  8.9157E−04 
                 −7.5028E−04 
                 −7.2811E−05  
                  9.1087E−05 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                  3.0000E+00 
                 −3.1927E+01  
                 −2.0000E+01 
                  1.3188E+00 
                 −4.1566E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −8.6021E−02 
                 −1.2520E−01  
                 −5.2992E−02 
                  8.8621E−02 
                  1.8450E−01 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  1.8783E−02 
                 2.4221E−02 
                 −9.8960E−03 
                 −1.2699E−01 
                 −2.9164E−01 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −1.0889E−02 
                 6.9390E−03 
                  2.5370E−02 
                  1.0551E−01 
                  2.3118E−01 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −2.4480E−03 
                 3.9572E−04 
                 −8.8653E−03 
                 −5.5011E−02 
                 −1.2069E−01 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  6.8190E−03 
                 −4.9412E−03  
                 −2.5370E−03 
                  1.6219E−02 
                  4.2992E−02 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −2.1598E−03 
                 1.4476E−03 
                  1.0848E−03 
                 −2.6315E−03 
                 −1.0135E−02 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 −1.0959E−05 
                  1.1654E−03 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                 3.0000E+00 
                 −1.8695E+00 
                 −5.1032E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                  2.0036E−01 
                 6.2486E−02 
                 −1.1617E−01 
                 −5.1914E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 −2.8545E−01 
                 −5.4661E−02  
                  1.9734E−02 
                  8.9068E−03 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                  2.1870E−01 
                 2.0497E−02 
                 −5.5266E−04 
                 −7.1281E−04 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −1.2110E−01 
                 −4.5895E−03  
                 −2.0462E−04 
                 −5.9099E−05 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  4.5063E−02 
                 6.1766E−04 
                  2.2917E−05 
                  1.7836E−05 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −1.0025E−02 
                 −4.6399E−05  
                 −6.6368E−07 
                 −1.3597E−06 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                  9.7469E−04 
                 1.4967E−06 
                 −1.2720E−08 
                  3.4399E−08 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the 8th embodiment, the equation of the aspheric surface profiles of the aforementioned lens elements is the same as the equation of the 1st embodiment. Also, the definitions of these parameters shown in the following table are the same as those stated in the 1st embodiment with corresponding values for the 8th embodiment, so an explanation in this regard will not be provided again. 
     Moreover, these parameters can be calculated from Table 15 and Table 16 as the following values and satisfy the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 8th Embodiment 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 f [mm] 
                 5.42 
                 Rimg [mm] 
                 −100.00 
               
               
                   
                 Fno 
                 2.40 
                 R14/f 
                 0.32 
               
               
                   
                 HFOV [deg.] 
                 36.0 
                 f/f12 
                 0.81 
               
               
                   
                 Nmax 
                 1.64 
                 f6/f 
                 −1.63 
               
               
                   
                 Nmin 
                 1.54 
                 (f/f6) + (f/f7) 
                 −0.90 
               
               
                   
                 V6 
                 23.5 
                 BF/f 
                 0.25 
               
               
                   
                 (V1 + V2)/(V5 + V6) 
                 1.69 
                 TL/ImgH 
                 1.61 
               
               
                   
                 CT6/CT7 
                 1.25 
                 Td/EPD 
                 2.24 
               
               
                   
                 ΣCT/Td 
                 0.736 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     9th Embodiment 
       FIG.  17    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 9th embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  18    shows, in order from left to right, spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 9th embodiment. In  FIG.  17   , the image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly (its reference numeral is omitted) of the present disclosure and an image sensor  995 . The photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element  910 , a second lens element  920 , an aperture stop  900 , a third lens element  930 , a fourth lens element  940 , a fifth lens element  950 , a sixth lens element  960 , a seventh lens element  970 , an IR-cut filter  980  and an image surface  990 , wherein the photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements ( 910 - 970 ) with refractive power. There is an air gap in a paraxial region between any two of the first lens element  910 , the second lens element  920 , the third lens element  930 , the fourth lens element  940 , the fifth lens element  950 , the sixth lens element  960  and the seventh lens element  970  that are adjacent to each other. 
     The first lens element  910  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  911  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  912  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The first lens element  910  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  911  and the image-side surface  912  being both aspheric. 
     The second lens element  920  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  921  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  922  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element  920  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  921  and the image-side surface  922  being both aspheric. 
     The third lens element  930  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  931  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  932  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The third lens element  930  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  931  and the image-side surface  932  being both aspheric. 
     The fourth lens element  940  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  941  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  942  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fourth lens element  940  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  941  and the image-side surface  942  being both aspheric. 
     The fifth lens element  950  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  951  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  952  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fifth lens element  950  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  951  and the image-side surface  952  being both aspheric. 
     The sixth lens element  960  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  961  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  962  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  962  of the sixth lens element  960  has at least one concave shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  960  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  961  and the image-side surface  962  being both aspheric. 
     The seventh lens element  970  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  971  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  972  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  972  of the seventh lens element  970  has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  970  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  971  and the image-side surface  972  being both aspheric. 
     The IR-cut filter  980  is made of glass and located between the seventh lens element  970  and the image surface  990 , and will not affect the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly. The image sensor  995  is disposed on or near the image surface  990  of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The detailed optical data of the 9th embodiment are shown in Table 17 and the aspheric surface data are shown in Table 18 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 9th Embodiment 
               
               
                 f = 4.66 mm, Fno = 1.95, HFOV = 36.8 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface# 
                   
                 Curvature Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Lens 1 
                 3.055 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.260 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 −220.98 
               
               
                 2 
                   
                 2.890 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.072 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                 Lens 2 
                 3.740 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.745 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 5.22 
               
               
                 4 
                   
                 −10.951 
                 (ASP) 
                 −0.005  
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 5 
                 Ape. Stop 
                 Plano 
                 0.055 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 2.196 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.351 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −8.84 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 1.482 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.474 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 13.242 
                 (ASP) 
                 1.291 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 2.49 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 −1.456 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.050 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 −1.435 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.545 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −19.95 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −1.856 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.050 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 −4.999 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.400 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −18.65 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −8.879 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.922 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 7.627 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.400 
                 Plastic 
                 1.530 
                 55.8 
                 −4.43 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 1.762 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 16 
                 IR-cut filter 
                 Plano 
                 0.200 
                 Glass 
                 1.517 
                 64.2 
                 — 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 Plano 
                 0.402 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 Reference wavelength is 587.6 nm (d-line). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 18 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −1.1705E+01  
                 −2.0000E+01 
                  2.2375E−01 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                  1.3528E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 3.2982E−03 
                 −1.6039E−02 
                 −4.7497E−02 
                  4.5035E−02 
                 −1.1238E−01 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 1.1557E−02 
                  1.2545E−02 
                  6.2982E−02 
                 −1.8793E−02 
                  4.1436E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −1.4484E−02  
                 −1.1491E−02 
                 −6.1821E−02 
                  5.5471E−03 
                 −7.0479E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 5.9430E−03 
                  1.8071E−02 
                  4.5620E−02 
                 −1.7910E−02 
                  5.6089E−02 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 4.9135E−03 
                  1.7784E−03 
                 −2.7134E−03 
                  3.0907E−02 
                 −3.0752E−02 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −3.4688E−03  
                 −4.3473E−03 
                 −8.9671E−03 
                 −2.1003E−02 
                  9.8645E−03 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 5.5356E−04 
                  9.5771E−04 
                  2.7975E−03 
                  5.4203E−03 
                 −1.8627E−03 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −1.6625E+00 
                 −1.0000E+00 
                 −4.9104E+00 
                 −1.1741E+00 
                 −1.1941E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −9.9903E−02 
                 −1.6102E−02 
                 −4.6491E−02 
                  1.6986E−01 
                  1.0892E−01 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  7.2799E−02 
                  5.3928E−03 
                 −2.4264E−02 
                 −1.7177E−01 
                 −6.3928E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −5.6398E−02 
                 −1.1821E−02 
                  1.7606E−02 
                  1.2676E−01 
                  3.3001E−02 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                  2.3849E−02 
                  1.4516E−02 
                  4.6438E−03 
                 −6.2592E−02 
                 −1.6464E−02 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 −3.1719E−03 
                 −1.2458E−02 
                 −9.1623E−03 
                  1.8705E−02 
                  4.4010E−03 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −1.3939E−03 
                  5.7388E−03 
                  3.5777E−03 
                 −2.8008E−03 
                 −4.7337E−04 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                  4.2761E−04 
                 −9.3927E−04 
                 −4.1990E−04 
                  1.3435E−04 
                  6.4622E−06 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −1.8750E+01 
                  2.1037E+00 
                 −9.9792E+00 
                 −3.7549E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −1.8971E−02 
                 −4.8658E−02 
                 −1.2393E−01 
                 −7.9116E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  2.0994E−03 
                  2.9408E−02 
                  2.6316E−02 
                  2.5575E−02 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −1.2686E−03 
                 −1.6135E−02 
                 −2.9623E−03 
                 −5.9009E−03 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                  8.9254E−04 
                  7.5006E−03 
                  5.9593E−04 
                  8.7901E−04 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                 −1.0535E−03 
                 −1.8630E−03 
                 −1.1805E−04 
                 −8.0630E−05 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                  3.5660E−04 
                  2.2402E−04 
                  1.1148E−05 
                  4.0481E−06 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 −3.6026E−05 
                 −1.0474E−05 
                 −3.8634E−07 
                 −8.3467E−08 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the 9th embodiment, the equation of the aspheric surface profiles of the aforementioned lens elements is the same as the equation of the 1st embodiment. Also, the definitions of these parameters shown in the following table are the same as those stated in the 1st embodiment with corresponding values for the 9th embodiment, so an explanation in this regard will not be provided again. 
     Moreover, these parameters can be calculated from Table 17 and Table 18 as the following values and satisfy the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 9th Embodiment 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 f [mm] 
                 4.66 
                 Rimg [mm] 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
                 Fno 
                 1.95 
                 R14/f 
                 0.38 
               
               
                   
                 HFOV [deg.] 
                 36.8 
                 f/f12 
                 0.85 
               
               
                   
                 Nmax 
                 1.64 
                 f6/f 
                 −4.00 
               
               
                   
                 Nmin 
                 1.53 
                 (f/f6) + (f/f7) 
                 −1.30 
               
               
                   
                 V6 
                 23.5 
                 BF/f 
                 0.24 
               
               
                   
                 (V1 + V2)/(V5 + V6) 
                 2.38 
                 TL/ImgH 
                 1.96 
               
               
                   
                 CT6/CT7 
                 1.00 
                 Td/EPD 
                 2.35 
               
               
                   
                 ΣCT/Td 
                 0.712 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     10th Embodiment 
       FIG.  19    is a schematic view of an image capturing unit according to the 10th embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  20    shows, in order from left to right, spherical aberration curves, astigmatic field curves and a distortion curve of the image capturing unit according to the 10th embodiment. In  FIG.  19   , the image capturing unit includes the photographing optical lens assembly (its reference numeral is omitted) of the present disclosure and an image sensor  1095 . The photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, an aperture stop  1000 , a first lens element  1010 , a second lens element  1020 , a third lens element  1030 , a fourth lens element  1040 , a fifth lens element  1050 , a sixth lens element  1060 , a seventh lens element  1070 , an IR-cut filter  1080  and an image surface  1090 , wherein the photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements ( 1010 - 1070 ) with refractive power. There is an air gap in a paraxial region between any two of the first lens element  1010 , the second lens element  1020 , the third lens element  1030 , the fourth lens element  1040 , the fifth lens element  1050 , the sixth lens element  1060  and the seventh lens element  1070  that are adjacent to each other. 
     The first lens element  1010  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  1011  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  1012  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The first lens element  1010  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  1011  and the image-side surface  1012  being both aspheric. 
     The second lens element  1020  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  1021  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  1022  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element  1020  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  1021  and the image-side surface  1022  being both aspheric. 
     The third lens element  1030  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  1031  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  1032  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The third lens element  1030  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  1031  and the image-side surface  1032  being both aspheric. 
     The fourth lens element  1040  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  1041  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  1042  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The fourth lens element  1040  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  1041  and the image-side surface  1042  being both aspheric. 
     The fifth lens element  1050  with positive refractive power has an object-side surface  1051  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  1052  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fifth lens element  1050  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  1051  and the image-side surface  1052  being both aspheric. 
     The sixth lens element  1060  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  1061  being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  1062  being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  1062  has at least one concave shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  1060  of the sixth lens element  1060  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  1061  and the image-side surface  1062  being both aspheric. 
     The seventh lens element  1070  with negative refractive power has an object-side surface  1071  being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface  1072  being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface  1072  of the seventh lens element  1070  has at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof. The sixth lens element  1070  is made of plastic material and has the object-side surface  1071  and the image-side surface  1072  being both aspheric. 
     The IR-cut filter  1080  is made of glass and located between the seventh lens element  1070  and the image surface  1090 , and will not affect the focal length of the photographing optical lens assembly. The image sensor  1095  is disposed on or near the image surface  1090  of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The detailed optical data of the 10th embodiment are shown in Table 19 and the aspheric surface data are shown in Table 20 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 19 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 10th Embodiment 
               
               
                 f = 5.55 mm, Fno = 2.50, HFOV = 35.0 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface# 
                   
                 Curvature Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 Ape. Stop 
                 Plano 
                 −0.316  
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 2.059 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.607 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 4.01 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 33.063 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.059 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 5.954 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.300 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −7.71 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 2.643 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.273 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 9.231 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.538 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 18.10 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 143.894 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.209 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 6.908 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.304 
                 Plastic 
                 1.544 
                 55.9 
                 58.02 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 8.706 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.449 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 −4.359 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.416 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 11.79 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −2.864 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.253 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 −3.694 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.800 
                 Plastic 
                 1.639 
                 23.5 
                 −6.16 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −64.791 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.069 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 2.645 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.980 
                 Plastic 
                 1.535 
                 55.7 
                 −27.72 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 1.955 
                 (ASP) 
                 0.500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 16 
                 IR-cut filter 
                 Plano 
                 0.400 
                 Glass 
                 1.517 
                 64.2 
                 — 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 Plano 
                 0.353 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 Reference wavelength is 587.6 nm (d-line). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 20 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                  1.2795E+00 
                  3.0000E+00 
                  3.0000E+00 
                  2.1013E+00 
                 3.0000E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −1.7964E−02 
                 −1.6633E−02 
                 −4.6330E−02 
                 −4.3608E−02 
                 −1.1446E−02  
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 −1.1636E−02 
                  4.0182E−02 
                  6.6914E−02 
                  4.1860E−02 
                 9.0632E−03 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                  6.5110E−03 
                 −3.5528E−02 
                 −5.2155E−02 
                 −2.8023E−02 
                 1.9374E−03 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −1.4533E−02 
                  1.5392E−02 
                  2.2288E−02 
                  1.3064E−02 
                 −3.0781E−03  
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  9.4285E−03 
                 −1.7136E−03 
                 −2.6671E−03 
                 −5.5873E−04 
                 5.9431E−03 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −3.2815E−03 
                 −1.5988E−04 
                 −6.7937E−04 
                 −1.3447E−03 
                 −1.9927E−03  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                  3.0000E+00 
                 −2.2256E+00 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                  7.2558E+00 
                 −3.5437E−01 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                 −6.9669E−02 
                 −1.1202E−01 
                 −5.3757E−02 
                 −8.8729E−03 
                  7.0055E−02 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                  9.3767E−03 
                 −4.1968E−03 
                 −1.3177E−02 
                 −6.6651E−02 
                 −1.9934E−01 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                 −4.2644E−03 
                 −2.8045E−03 
                  2.5870E−02 
                  1.0343E−01 
                  2.0364E−01 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −3.7333E−03 
                  4.2764E−03 
                 −8.7450E−03 
                 −5.5950E−02 
                 −1.1460E−01 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  4.7940E−03 
                 −3.4222E−03 
                 −1.5846E−03 
                  1.5114E−02 
                  4.0676E−02 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −1.7823E−03 
                  4.8777E−04 
                  8.8938E−04 
                 −2.9119E−03 
                 −9.2587E−03 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                  3.2925E−04 
                  9.9766E−04 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 k = 
                 −2.0000E+01 
                 3.0000E+00 
                 −9.6671E−01 
                 −6.0208E+00 
               
               
                 A4 = 
                  1.3868E−01 
                 2.0378E+00 
                 −1.5455E−01 
                 −5.1381E+00 
               
               
                 A6 = 
                 −2.4791E−01 
                 −1.2082E+01  
                  7.0878E−02 
                  1.5217E+01 
               
               
                 A8 = 
                  2.0515E−01 
                 3.1258E+01 
                 −2.6132E−02 
                 −3.4030E+01 
               
               
                 A10 = 
                 −1.0836E−01 
                 −5.1373E+01  
                  6.3128E−03 
                  4.5838E+01 
               
               
                 A12 = 
                  3.5958E−02 
                 5.4387E+01 
                 −8.9322E−04 
                 −3.6590E+01 
               
               
                 A14 = 
                 −6.9704E−03 
                 −3.3677E+01  
                  6.6739E−05 
                  1.5235E+01 
               
               
                 A16 = 
                  5.9046E−04 
                 9.0973E+00 
                 −2.0236E−06 
                 −2.2687E+00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the 10th embodiment, the equation of the aspheric surface profiles of the aforementioned lens elements is the same as the equation of the 1st embodiment. Also, the definitions of these parameters shown in the following table are the same as those stated in the 1st embodiment with corresponding values for the 10th embodiment, so an explanation in this regard will not be provided again. 
     Moreover, these parameters can be calculated from Table 19 and Table 20 as the following values and satisfy the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 10th Embodiment 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 f [mm] 
                 5.55 
                 Rimg [mm] 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
                 Fno 
                 2.50 
                 R14/f 
                 0.35 
               
               
                   
                 HFOV [deg.] 
                 35.0 
                 f/f12 
                 0.81 
               
               
                   
                 Nmax 
                 1.64 
                 f6/f 
                 −1.11 
               
               
                   
                 Nmin 
                 1.54 
                 (f/f6) + (f/f7) 
                 −1.10 
               
               
                   
                 V6 
                 23.5 
                 BF/f 
                 0.23 
               
               
                   
                 (V1 + V2)/(V5 + V6) 
                 1.69 
                 TL/ImgH 
                 1.63 
               
               
                   
                 CT6/CT7 
                 0.82 
                 Td/EPD 
                 2.37 
               
               
                   
                 ΣCT/Td 
                 0.750 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The foregoing image capturing unit is able to be installed in, but not limited to, an electronic device. The photographing optical lens assembly has a total of seven lens elements with refractive power, wherein the sixth lens element has negative refractive power. When specific conditions are satisfied, it is favorable for correcting the aberration of the photographing optical lens assembly with a large aperture; therefore, it is favorable for evenly distributing the refractive powers adjacent to the image surface, thereby effectively reducing the sensitivity of the photographing optical lens assembly. 
     The foregoing description, for the purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be noted that TABLES 1-20 show different data of the different embodiments; however, the data of the different embodiments are obtained from experiments. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the disclosure and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The embodiments depicted above and the appended drawings are exemplary and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.