Patent Publication Number: US-2022229060-A1

Title: Gender-specific markers for diagnosing prognosis and determining treatment strategy for renal cancer patients

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a marker for diagnosing prognosis of a patient with kidney cancer, a kit for diagnosing prognosis of a patient with kidney cancer including the same, and a method of providing information required to diagnose the prognosis of kidney cancer and determine a therapeutic strategy for kidney cancer using the kit for diagnosing prognosis of a patient with kidney cancer. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     The kidney is an important urinary organ that serves to excrete waste materials from the body by filtering blood to generate urine. Also, the kidney is an important endocrine organ that produces hormones such as angiotensin that controls the blood pressure, erythropoietin as a haemopoietic factor, and the like. 
     Tumors occurring in the kidney include renal cell carcinoma arising from the adults, Wilms&#39; tumor arising from the children, sarcoma as a rare tumor, and the like. Later on, the renal cell carcinoma as a malignant tumor having the highest incidence rate is referred to as kidney cancer. In Japan, the kidney cancer develops at an incidence frequency of approximately 2.5 per every 100,000 persons. In this case, the kidney cancer tends to occur at a higher frequency for men, that is, the proportion of men and women is 2 to 3:1. Among the urological malignant tumors, the kidney cancer is the most common tumor following prostate cancer and bladder cancer. The kidney cancer refers to renal cell carcinoma that develops mostly in the parenchyma (including medulla and cortex in which cells producing urine in the kidney are held together) of the kidney. 
     A genetic factor is known to be one of risk factors for kidney cancer, but such risk factors generally include smoking, excessive fat intake, and the like. Also, it has been know that the incidence rate of tumor is high in patients receiving dialysis for a long time. 
     In the case of kidney cancer, patients rarely have any observable symptoms when a tumor has the maximum diameter of 5 cm or less. Generally, the kidney cancer is often found when patients take a medical examination through a CT scan, and the like. Hematuria, celioncus, pain, and the like appear as the symptoms of large tumors. Also, pyrexy, weight loss, anaemia, and the like are often caused as the systemic symptoms, and erythrocytosis, hypertension, hypercalcemia, and the like are rarely caused by endocrine factors. Meanwhile, development of phlebismus or varicocele in the abdominal wall often occurs by tremors in the inferior vena cava of the kidney. Approximately 20% of the kidney cancers are found from the metastasis to the lungs or bone. Because tumor has a strong tendency to spread into the vein in the case of kidney cancer, the kidney cancer easily metastasizes into other organs. 
     Kidney cancer has few symptoms when it has a small tumor size, but has symptoms only when the tumor grows to push organs. Therefore, because the diagnosis of the kidney cancer is often delayed, the metastasis of kidney cancer into other organs is found in approximately 30% of patients, compared to when the kidney cancer is diagnosed at an early stage. The most common symptom is hematuria, but is found only in 60% of the patients. On the contrary, because patients have symptoms such as dyspnoea, cough, headaches, and the like depending on the metastasized sites, the patients who are diagnosed with kidney cancer due to such metastatic symptoms also account for 30% of the entire patients. Because hypertension, hypercalcemia, hepatic dysfunction, and the like may be caused by certain hormones especially produced by cancer cells, tumors may be often found while checking these other symptoms in kidney cancer. However, there are many current cases in which tumors are found by chance in imaging tests while patients receive medical checkups without any symptoms. In this case, because the tumors are generally found at early stages, the results of tumor treatment have been relatively successful. Therefore, it has been known that it is very important to diagnose such kidney cancer. 
     In U.S., patients with kidney cancer account for approximately 3% of adult cancer patients, and approximately 32,000 cancer patients are newly reported every year. Also, approximately 12,000 cases are assumed to die from kidney cancer, with an increasing incidence frequency worldwide every year. In Korea, the incidence frequency of kidney cancer is reported to be lower than that in U.S. Therefore, the National Cancer Registry data (2012) reported that 1,578 new cases of cancer patients are registered so that it accounts for 1.6% of the total number of cancer occurrences. Kidney cancer occurs commonly in people between 40 to 60 years old, and the current state of cancer incidence by gender (National Cancer Registry data on 2012) reports that kidney cancer occurs most commonly in people in their 60s (479 cases, 30.2%), followed by 50s (412 cases, 26.0%), and 40s (268 cases, 16.9%) in the corresponding order thereof When patients with kidney cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor after the onset of kidney cancer, the patients have a high survival rate. However, because the patients have no clear symptoms at an early stage, it is difficult to diagnose kidney cancer at this stage. For these reasons, there is a need for development of a marker capable of diagnosing kidney cancer at an early stage and checking the patients&#39; remaining lives after the onset of cancer. 
     Transglutaminase 2 (Registered Korean Patent No. 1267580) is disclosed as a marker used to detect or diagnose kidney cancer in humans. Although markers for diagnosing cancers including kidney cancer have been developed, there is no research on markers capable of determining the prognosis of patients with kidney cancer, particularly the relationship between the gender of patients with kidney cancer and the mutation of a certain gene. 
     To develop a therapeutic agent for diagnosing kidney cancer or healing patients with kidney cancer so as to determine a therapeutic strategy, the present inventors have conducted research on the relationship between the gene mutation and the gender of the patients found in the patients with kidney cancer on the basis of the need for development of the markers capable of diagnosing the prognosis of the patients with kidney cancer. 
     DISCLOSURE 
     Technical Problem 
     To apply a suitable therapeutic strategy to patients with kidney cancer, a development of markers which aid in predicting the prognosis of patients with kidney cancer and determining a therapeutic strategy thereof is needed. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a marker which aids in predicting the prognosis of patients with kidney cancer and determining a therapeutic strategy thereof based on the gender of the patients with kidney cancer. 
     Technical Solution 
     To solve the above problems, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kit for providing information required to predict a therapeutic effect against kidney cancer or diagnose prognosis of a patient with kidney cancer according to the gender of the patient with kidney cancer, wherein the kit is able to detect a gender-specific marker that is a mutation of a gene coding for at least one selected from the group consisting of ACSS3, ADAM21, AFF2, ALG13, BAP1, BRWD3, COL4A5, CPEB1, ERBB2, HSP90AA1, IRAK1, KDMSC, KDM6A, LRP12, NCOA6, NHS, RGAG1, SCAF1, SH3TC1, TBC1D8B, TET2, TEX13A, ULK3, WNK3, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of providing information required to verify a difference in therapeutic effect against kidney cancer according to the gender of patients with kidney cancer. In this case, the method includes preparing a DNA test sample from a sample of a patient with kidney cancer whose gender is identified; amplifying the DNA test sample using the kit; determining whether or not there is a gender-specific marker specific to a gender group of target patients from the results of amplification; treating the patient with kidney cancer, in which the gender-specific marker is identified, with any candidate material for treating kidney cancer or healing the patient with kidney cancer using any method; and choosing any candidate material for treating kidney cancer or any method of treating kidney cancer as a therapeutic candidate material or a therapeutic method, which is suitable for the gender group of patients with kidney cancer in which the gender-specific marker is identified, when the any candidate material or the any method is used to treat kidney cancer. 
     According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of providing information required to diagnose prognosis of kidney cancer according to the gender of a patient with kidney cancer. In this case, the method includes preparing a DNA test sample from a sample of a patient with kidney cancer; amplifying the DNA test sample using the kit; and determining whether or not there is a gender-specific marker from the results of amplification. 
     Advantageous Effects 
     Because there is a relationship between the gender of a patient with kidney cancer and a mutation of a gene selected from a gene group consisting of ACSS3, ADAM21, AFF2, ALG13, BAP1, BRWD3, COL4A5, CPEB1, ERBB2, HSP90AA1, IRAK1, KDMSC, KDM6A, LRP12, NCOA6, NHS, RGAG1, SCAF1, SH3TC1, TBC1D8B, TET2, TEX13A, ULK3, WNK3, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1, all genes of which are found in the present invention, the presence of the mutation of the gene can be checked to predict a difference in therapeutic effect against kidney cancer and a difference in survival rate of the patient with kidney cancer according to the gender of the patient with kidney cancer. 
     In addition, because there is a relationship between a survival rate of the patient with kidney cancer who has a certain gender and a mutation of one gene selected from a gene group consisting of ACSS3, ALG13, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, KDM6A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1, all genes of which are found in the present invention, or a relationship between the mutation of the gene and a relapse rate of kidney cancer, mutations of the genes according to the present invention can be used as the marker to predict the prognosis of the patient with kidney cancer. 
     However, the effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects as described above, and other effects not disclosed herein will be clearly understood from the following detailed description by those skilled in the art. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram showing gender-specific mutant genes specifically shown from candidate genes when patients with kidney cancer who are classified according to the gender thereof are compared with each other. Each of numerical values represents the number of the patients with kidney cancer in which mutated genes are identified. 
         FIGS. 2 to 10  are graphs plotted for an overall survival rate or a disease-free survival rate of patients with kidney cancer (red) who have mutations in respective ACSS3, ALG13, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, KDM6A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1 genes and patients with kidney cancer (blue) who have no mutations in the corresponding genes. 
     
    
    
     BEST MODE 
     Unless defined otherwise in this specification, all the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as what are generally understood by a person skilled in the related art to which the present invention belongs. In general, the nomenclatures used in this specification and the experimental methods described below are widely known and generally used in the related art. 
     Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. 
     1. Gender-Specific Mutant Genes in Patient with Kidney Cancer and Primer Sets Capable of Detecting the Mutant Genes 
     One aspect of the present invention provides a kit for providing information required to predict a difference in therapeutic effect against kidney cancer or diagnose prognosis of a patient with kidney cancer according to the gender of the patient with kidney cancer, wherein the kit may detect a gender-specific marker that is a mutation of at least one gene selected from a gene group consisting of ACSS3 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_024560.3), ADAM21 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_003813.3), AFF2 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_002025.3), ALG13 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001099922.2), ARSF (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001201538.1), BAP1 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_004656.3), BRWD3 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_153252.4), CFP (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001145252.1), COL4A5 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_000495.4), CPEB1 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_030594.4), ERBB2 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_004448.3), FAM47A (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_203408.3), HSP90AA1 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001017963.2), IRAK1 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001569.3), KDMSC (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_004187.3), KDM6A (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_021140.3), LRP12 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_013437.4), NCOA6 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001242539.2), NHS (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_198270.3), PHF16(JADE3) (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001077445.2), RGAG1 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_020769.2), SCAF1 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_021228.2), SCRN1 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001145514.1), SH3TC1 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_018986.4), TBC1D8B (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_017752.2), TET2 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001127208.2), TEX13A (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001291277.1), ULK3 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001099436.3), WNK3 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_001002838.3), and ZNF449 (Gene Bank Accession Number: NM_152695.5). 
     The full names of abbreviations for the genes may be ACSS3 (Homo sapiens acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 3), ADAM21 (Homo sapiens ADAM metallopeptidase domain 21), AFF2 (Homo sapiens AF4/FMR2 family member 2), ALG13 (UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit), BAP1 (BRCA1-associated protein 1), BRWD3 (bromodomain and WD repeat domain containing 3), COL4A5 (collagen type IV alpha 5 chain), CPEB1 (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1), ERBB2 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2), HSP90AA1 (heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1), IRAK1 (interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1), KDMSC (lysine demethylase 5C), KDM6A (lysine demethylase 6A), LRP12 (LDL receptor related protein 12), NCOA6 (nuclear receptor coactivator 6), NHS (NHS actin remodeling regulator), RGAG1 (retrotransposon Gag like 9), SCAF1 (SR-related CTD associated factor 1), SH3TC1 (SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeats 1), TBC1D8B (TBC1 domain family member 8B), TET2 (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2), TEX13A (testis-expressed 13A), ULK3 (unc-51 like kinase 3), WNK3 (WNK lysine-deficient protein kinase 3), ARSF (arylsulfatase F), CFP (complement factor properdin), FAM47A (family with sequence similarity 47 member A), PHF16 (jade family PHD finger 3), ZNF449 (zinc finger protein 449), and SCRN1 (secernin 1). 
     According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a kit for providing information required to predict a difference in therapeutic effect against kidney cancer or diagnose prognosis of a patient with kidney cancer according to the gender of the patient with kidney cancer, wherein the kit may detect a mutation of at least one gene selected from the following genes: a mutation of a gene coding for at least one selected from the group consisting of ACSS3, ADAM21, AFF2, ALG13, BAP1, BRWD3, COL4A5, CPEB1, ERBB2, HSP90AA1, IRAK1, KDMSC, KDM6A, LRP12, NCOA6, NHS, RGAG1, SCAF1, SH3TC1, TBC1D8B, TET2, TEX13A, ULK3, WNK3, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1. 
     In the present invention, the term ‘diagnosis’ refers to a process in which the presence or nature of a pathologic status is determined, that is, a process in which a difference in therapeutic effect against cancer according to the gender of a cancer patient is verified for the objects of the present invention and a process in which the relapse and metastasis of cancer, drug response and resistance, and the like in the corresponding subject after cancer treatment are judged. Preferably, when the mutations of the genes of the present invention are used, it is also possible to predict a difference in survival rate by checking whether there are mutations in a test sample of a patient with kidney cancer. In this case, a difference in therapeutic effect against kidney cancer and the prognosis of the corresponding patient in the future according to the gender of the corresponding patient with kidney cancer may be determined from the difference in survival rate. 
     In the present invention, the term ‘prognosis’ refers to the prediction of the progress and cure of a disease having a probability of cancer-attributable death or progression, including, for example, the relapse and metastatic spread of a neoplastic disease such as cancer, and drug resistance. The prognosis may refer to a prediction of the prognosis of kidney cancer for the objects of the present invention. Preferably, the prognosis may refer to a prediction of a disease-free survival rate or survival rate of the patient with kidney cancer. 
     In the present invention, the term ‘cancer’ includes any members belonging to a class of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. The term includes all stages and grades of cancers, including all types of known cancers and neoplastic conditions, cancers before/after metastasis, regardless whether the cancer is characterized by any one malignant, benign, soft tissue, or solid cancer. 
     In the present invention, the term ‘gene’ and modified products thereof include DNA fragments associated with the synthesis of polypeptide chains; each of the DNA fragments includes regions upstream and downstream from a coding region, for example, a promoter and a 3′-untranslated region, respectively, and also includes intervening sequences (introns) between respective coding fragments (exons). 
     The mutation of the gene may include any one or more mutations, and may, for example, have at least one mutation selected from the group consisting of truncating mutation, missense mutation, nonsense mutation, frameshift mutation, in-frame mutation, splice mutation, and splice_region mutation. The frameshift mutation may be at least one selected from a frameshift insertion (FS ins) mutation and a frameshift deletion (FS del) mutation. The in-frame mutation may be at least one selected from an in-frame insertion (IF ins) mutation and an in-frame deletion (IF del) mutation. 
     In conjunction with mutations in a polypeptide sequence, the term “X#Y” is obviously recognized in the related art. Here, the sign “#” represents a mutation position with respect to the amino acid number of a polypeptide, “X” represents an amino acid found at the position of a wild-type amino acid sequence, and “Y” represents a mutant amino acid found at the same position. For example, the sign “G1717V” with respect to a BAZ2B polypeptide means that there is a glycine residue at amino acid number 1,717 of a wild-type BAZ2B sequence, and the glycine residue is replaced with valine in a mutant BAZ2B sequence. 
     The mutations of the genes are as follows: 
     The mutation of the gene coding for ACSS3 is a nonsense mutation ‘R634*’, a splice mutation A152_splice&#39; (where T is substituted with C at position 81503485 on the chromosome), or a missense mutation ‘G268D’, wherein the sign in a notation of the nonsense mutation means that the synthesis of amino acids is terminated at the corresponding amino acid position (a description thereof is omitted hereinafter), in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; the mutation of the gene coding for ADAM21 is at least one mutation selected from the group consisting of N265Y, R408C, T589S, and I161V in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; the mutation of the gene coding for AFF2 is at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of S770F, P513H, T640N, and 1149K in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3; the mutation of the gene coding for ALG13 is at least one missense mutation selected from P925T and V456E, or a frameshift deletion (FS del) mutation ‘L195Pfs*23’, where a notation of the frameshift mutation is based on the amino acid type (an amino acid position) and the amino acid type fs* (the number of nucleotides downstream from the amino acid position to a stop codon) (both the FS ins mutation and FS del mutation are denoted by the same notation, and a description thereof is omitted hereinafter), in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; the mutation of the gene coding for BAP1 is a nonstart mutation ‘M1?’ (where T is substituted with C at position 52443894 and C is substituted with T at position 52443892 on the chromosome), at least one nonsense mutation selected from the group consisting of G128*, E402*, Q253*, Q267*, S460*, Y627*, S279*, R60*, Q40*, Q156*, and K626*, at least one FS del mutation selected from the group consisting of E283Gfs*52, V335Efs*56, K711Sfs*25, R700Gfs*36, D74Efs*4, and D407Vfs*23, at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of F170V, F170C, E31A, N78S, L49V, D75G, SlOT, N229H, G109V, L17P, A145G, and A1061T, at least one splice mutation selected from the group consisting of X23_splice (where C is substituted with T at position 52443729 on the chromosome), X41_splice (where A is substituted with G at position 52443568 on the chromosome), X41_splice (where A is substituted with T at position 52443568 on the chromosome), X23_splice (where ACCTGCGATGAGGAAAGGAAAGCAG at positions 52443623 to 52443647 are deleted from the chromosome), and X311_splice (where C is substituted with A at position 52439311 on the chromosome), or an in-frame deletion (IF del) mutation ‘K659del’, where the sign ‘del’ in a notation of the IF del mutation represents a deletion of the corresponding amino acid at the corresponding amino acid position (a description thereof is omitted hereinafter), in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; the mutation of the gene coding for BRWD3 is at least one missense mutation selected from G287A and I1747N in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6; the mutation of the gene coding for COL4A5 is at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of P1184L, P756S, P1365S, G1427V, and A1656T, or a splice mutation ‘X1510_splice’ (where G is substituted with T at position 107935977 on the chromosome) in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7; the mutation of the gene coding for CPEB1 is at least one missense mutation selected from S393R and G136V, or a splice mutation ‘X499_splice’ (where C is substituted with A at position 83215272 on the chromosome) in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8; the mutation of the gene coding for ERBB2 is at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of E1114G, S649T, and V2191, or an FS ins mutation ‘N388Qfs*14’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9; the mutation of the gene coding for HSP90AA1 is at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of D512N, H806R, I325T, and L167V in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10; the mutation of the gene coding for IRAK1 is a nonsense mutation ‘Q280*’, or at least one missense mutation selected from V548M and Q584K in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; the mutation of the gene coding for KDMSC is at least one nonsense mutation selected from the group consisting of R681*, Q813*, E284*, E798*, Y639*, S1110*, K459*, and R215*, at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of E1152K, R1458W, G536W, C730R, E592V, C512W, C730F, and H733P, a splice mutation ‘X321_splice’ (where A is substituted with G at position 53244975 on the chromosome), or at least one FS del mutation selected from the group consisting of T471Vfs*5, Q1427Pfs*50, E122Vfs*14, E1131Sfs*16, H988Tfs*18, P27Lfs*46, F56Cfs*18, D1414Efs*54, and G845Rfs*2 in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12; the mutation of the gene coding for KDM6A is a missense mutation ‘A30V’, an FS mutation ‘A1246Pfs*19’, or an IF del mutation ‘V156del’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13; the mutation of the gene coding for LRP12 is at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of S622L, E639K, and V6711 in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14; the mutation of the gene coding for NCOA6 is at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of G164E, N8771, N864Y, and V1444A, or an FS ins mutation ‘H832Sfs*47’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; the mutation of the gene coding for NHS is at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of C360R, P1107A, and D1069H in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16; the mutation of the gene coding for RGAG1 is at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of A1015G, M858V, and G1053R in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17; the mutation of the gene coding for SCAF1 is at least one FS ins mutation selected from the group consisting of A219Sfs*11, P211Tfs*19, P211Tfs*19, and A216Pfs*94, or an FS del mutation ‘A216Pfs*94’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18; the mutation of the gene coding for SH3TC1 is at least one missense mutation selected from A375V and L180F or an FS del mutation ‘R2238Sfs*38’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19; the mutation of the gene coding for TBC1D8B is at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of G1059V, A614T, and Y815F, or a nonsense mutation ‘S861*’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20; the mutation of the gene coding for TET2 is at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of Q317K, L757V, V449E, N1714K, D194E, N1390H, R1451Q, M600I, and P554S, or a nonsense mutation ‘1(326*’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21; the mutation of the gene coding for TEX13A is at least one missense mutation selected from R393S and Y257D, or a splice mutation ‘X199_splice’ (where C at position 104464282 is deleted from the chromosome) in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22; the mutation of the gene coding for ULK3 is an FS del mutation ‘Q81Sfs*41’ and at least one missense mutation selected from D79H and L77V in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; the mutation of the gene coding for WNK3 is at least one nonsense mutation selected from S865* and Y589* and a missense mutation ‘E537G’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; the mutation of the gene coding for ARSF is a missense mutation ‘I42F’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25; the mutation of the gene coding for CFP is at least one missense mutation selected from the group consisting of S27L, R359Q, and E135K, or an FS ins mutation ‘E323Gfs*34’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26; the mutation of the gene coding for FAM47A is at least one missense mutation selected from R505H and E507Q, or at least one IF del mutation selected from L235_H246del and L235_H246del in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27; the mutation of the gene coding for PHF16 is at least one missense mutation selected from K656Q and R207W in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28; the mutation of the gene coding for ZNF449 is a missense mutation ‘F183I’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29; and the mutation of the gene coding for SCRN1 is a missense mutation ‘D427Y’ or an FS ins mutation ‘A257Cfs*34’ in an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30. 
     An analytical method for diagnosing the prognosis of kidney cancer using the mutation of the gene, a next-generation sequencing (NGS) method, RT-PCR, a direct nucleic acid sequencing method, a microarray, and the like may be used. In this case, any methods may be used without limitation as long as the methods can be used to determine the presence of mutations using the mutation of the gene according to the present invention. According to one exemplary embodiment, the presence of mutations is determined using an anti-antibody (a mutant antibody against each gene) or nucleic acid probe that hybridizes with a mutant polynucleotide of each of the gene under a stringent condition. According to another exemplary embodiment, the anti-antibody or nucleic acid probe is detectably labeled. According to still another exemplary embodiment, a label is selected from the group consisting of an immunofluorescent label, a chemiluminescent label, a phosphorescent label, an enzyme label, a radioactive label, avidin/biotin, colloidal gold particles, coloring particles, and magnetic particles. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the presence of mutations is determined using an radioimmunoassay, a Western blot assay, an immunofluorescence assay, an enzyme immunoassay, an immunoprecipitation assay, a chemiluminescence assay, an immunohistochemical assay, a dot-blot assay, a slot-blot assay, or a flow cytometric assay. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the presence of mutations is determined by RT-PCR. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the presence of mutations is determined by nucleic acid sequencing. 
     In the present invention, the term ‘polynucleotide’ generally refers to any polyribonucleotide or polydeoxyribonucleotide that may be unmodified RNA or DNA or modified RNA or DNA. Therefore, non-limiting examples of the polynucleotide as defined herein include single- and double-stranded DNAs, DNAs including single- and double-stranded regions, single- and double-stranded RNAs, and RNAs including single- and double-stranded regions, and hybrid molecules including DNAs and RNAs that may be single-stranded or more typically double-stranded or may include single- and double-stranded regions. Therefore, the DNA or RNA having a modified backbone due to its stability or other reasons is a ‘polynucleotide’ as described in the terms intended herein. Also, the DNA or RNA containing unusual bases such as inosine or modified bases such as a tritiated base is encompassed in the term ‘polynucleotide’ as defined herein. Generally, the term ‘polynucleotide’ includes all chemically, enzymatically and/or metabolically modified forms of an unmodified polynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be prepared by various methods including an in vitro recombinant DNA-mediated technology, and prepared by expression of DNA in cells and organisms. 
     Primer sets capable of detecting the mutation of the gene, that is, primer sets for diagnosing prognosis of kidney cancer are as follows: at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33 and SEQ ID NO: 34, and SEQ ID NO: 35 and SEQ ID NO: 36 to detect the mutation of ACSS3; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37 and SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39 and SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42, and SEQ ID NO: 43 and SEQ ID NO: 44 to detect the mutation of ADAM21; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 45 and SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49 and SEQ ID NO: 50, and SEQ ID NO: 51 and SEQ ID NO: 52 to detect the mutation of AFF2; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56, and SEQ ID NO: 57 and SEQ ID NO: 58 to detect the mutation of ALG13; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59 and SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63 and SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 and SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73 and SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75 and SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 and SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81 and SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83 and SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 and SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 87 and SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89 and SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91 and SEQ ID NO: 92, and SEQ ID NO: 93 and SEQ ID NO: 94 to detect the mutation of BAP1; at least one primer set selected from base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 95 and SEQ ID NO: 96, and SEQ ID NO: 97 and SEQ ID NO: 98 to detect the mutation of BRWD3; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99 and SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101 and SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 and SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 105 and SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107 and SEQ ID NO: 108, and SEQ ID NO: 109 and SEQ ID NO: 110 to detect the mutation of COL4A5; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 111 and SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 and SEQ ID NO: 114, and SEQ ID NO: 115 and SEQ ID NO: 116 to detect the mutation of CPEB1; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 117 and SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119 and SEQ ID NO: 120, and SEQ ID NO: 121 and SEQ ID NO: 122 to detect the mutation of ERBB2; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 123 and SEQ ID NO: 124, SEQ ID NO: 125 and SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127 and SEQ ID NO: 128, and SEQ ID NO: 129 and SEQ ID NO: 130 to detect the mutation of HSP90AA1; at least one primer set selected from base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 131 and SEQ ID NO: 132, and SEQ ID NO: 133 and SEQ ID NO: 134 to detect the mutation of IRAK1; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 135 and SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137 and SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139 and SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141 and SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143 and SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145 and SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 147 and SEQ ID NO: 148, SEQ ID NO: 149 and SEQ ID NO: 150, SEQ ID NO: 151 and SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153 and SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155 and SEQ ID NO: 156, SEQ ID NO: 157 and SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159 and SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161 and SEQ ID NO: 162, SEQ ID NO: 163 and SEQ ID NO: 164, SEQ ID NO: 165 and SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167 and SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169 and SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171 and SEQ ID NO: 172, SEQ ID NO: 173 and SEQ ID NO: 174, and SEQ ID NO: 175 and SEQ ID NO: 176 to detect the mutation of KDMSC; at least one primer set selected from base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 177 and SEQ ID NO: 178, and SEQ ID NO: 179 and SEQ ID NO: 180 to detect the mutation of KDM6A; at least one primer set selected from base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 181 and SEQ ID NO: 182, and SEQ ID NO: 183 and SEQ ID NO: 184 to detect the mutation of LRP12; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 185 and SEQ ID NO: 186, SEQ ID NO: 187 and SEQ ID NO: 188, SEQ ID NO: 189 and SEQ ID NO: 190, and SEQ ID NO: 191 and SEQ ID NO: 192 to detect the mutation of NCOA6; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 193 and SEQ ID NO: 194, SEQ ID NO: 195 and SEQ ID NO: 196, and SEQ ID NO: 197 and SEQ ID NO: 198 to detect the mutation of NHS; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 199 and SEQ ID NO: 200, SEQ ID NO: 201 and SEQ ID NO: 202, and SEQ ID NO: 203 and SEQ ID NO: 204 to detect the mutation of RGAG1; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 205 and SEQ ID NO: 206, SEQ ID NO: 207 and SEQ ID NO: 208, SEQ ID NO: 209 and SEQ ID NO: 210, SEQ ID NO: 211 and SEQ ID NO: 212, and SEQ ID NO: 213 and SEQ ID NO: 214 to detect the mutation of SCAF1; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 215 and SEQ ID NO: 216, SEQ ID NO: 217 and SEQ ID NO: 218, and SEQ ID NO: 219 and SEQ ID NO: 220 to detect the mutation of SH3TC1; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 221 and SEQ ID NO: 222, SEQ ID NO: 223 and SEQ ID NO: 224, SEQ ID NO: 225 and SEQ ID NO: 226, and SEQ ID NO: 227 and SEQ ID NO: 228 to detect the mutation of TBC1D8B; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 229 and SEQ ID NO: 230, SEQ ID NO: 231 and SEQ ID NO: 232, SEQ ID NO: 233 and SEQ ID NO: 234, SEQ ID NO: 235 and SEQ ID NO: 236, SEQ ID NO: 237 and SEQ ID NO: 238, SEQ ID NO: 239 and SEQ ID NO: 240, SEQ ID NO: 241 and SEQ ID NO: 242, SEQ ID NO: 243 and SEQ ID NO: 244, and SEQ ID NO: 245 and SEQ ID NO: 246 to detect the mutation of TET2; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 247 and SEQ ID NO: 248, SEQ ID NO: 249 and SEQ ID NO: 250, and SEQ ID NO: 251 and SEQ ID NO: 252 to detect the mutation of TEX13A; a primer set consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 253 and SEQ ID NO: 254 to detect the mutation of ULK3; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 255 and SEQ ID NO: 256, SEQ ID NO: 257 and SEQ ID NO: 258, and SEQ ID NO: 259 and SEQ ID NO: 260 to detect the mutation of WNK3; a primer set consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 261 and SEQ ID NO: 262 to detect the mutation of ARSF; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 263 and SEQ ID NO: 264, SEQ ID NO: 265 and SEQ ID NO: 266, SEQ ID NO: 267 and SEQ ID NO: 268, and SEQ ID NO: 269 and SEQ ID NO: 270 to detect the mutation of CFP; a primer set consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 271 and SEQ ID NO: 272 to detect the mutation of FAM47A; at least one primer set selected from the group consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 273 and SEQ ID NO: 274, and SEQ ID NO: 275 and SEQ ID NO: 276 to detect the mutation of PHF16; a primer set consisting of base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 277 and SEQ ID NO: 278 to detect the mutation of ZNF449; and at least one primer set selected from base sequence pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO: 279 and SEQ ID NO: 280, and SEQ ID NO: 281 and SEQ ID NO: 282 to detect the mutation of SCRN1. 
     The kit of the present invention thus manufactured is very economical because a lot of time and cost may be save, compared to typical gene mutation search methods known in the art. Several days or Several months are averagely taken to search for one gene thoroughly using the conventional gene mutation search methods such as single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP), a protein truncation test (PTT), cloning, direct sequencing, and the like. Also, the gene mutation may be rapidly and simply examined accurately using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. When the mutation is checked using conventional analytical methods such as SSCP, cloning, direct sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and the like, approximately one month is taken to complete the check. On the other hand, when the kit of the present invention is used and a DNA test sample is prepared, results may be obtained within approximately 10 to 11 hours. Because a primer set capable of detecting the mutation of the gene is stacked in one chip, the time and cost may be saved compared to the conventional methods. Because less than half the reagents&#39; cost per experiment is averagely consumed compared to the conventional methods, a higher cost saving effect may be expected in consideration of the researchers&#39; labor costs. 
     2. Method of Providing Information Required to Diagnose Prognosis of Kidney Cancer Using Survival-Specific Mutant Gene 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of providing information required to verify a difference in therapeutic effect against kidney cancer according to the gender of a patient with kidney cancer. Here, the method includes preparing a DNA test sample from a sample of a patient with kidney cancer whose gender is identified; amplifying the DNA test sample using the kit; determining whether or not there is a gender-specific marker specific to a gender group of target patients from the results of amplification; treating the patient with kidney cancer, in which the gender-specific marker is identified, with any candidate material for treating kidney cancer or healing the patient with kidney cancer using any method; and choosing any candidate material for treating kidney cancer or any method of treating kidney cancer as a therapeutic candidate material or a therapeutic method, which is suitable for the gender group of patients with kidney cancer in which the gender-specific marker is identified, when the any candidate material or the any method is used to treat kidney cancer. 
     According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of providing information required to diagnose prognosis of kidney cancer according to the gender of a patient with kidney cancer. Here, the method includes preparing a DNA test sample from a sample of a patient with kidney cancer; amplifying the DNA test sample using the kit; and determining whether or not there is a gender-specific marker from the results of amplification. 
     The ‘kit for diagnosing prognosis of kidney cancer’ is as described in ‘1. gender-specific mutant genes in patient with kidney cancer and primer sets capable of detecting the mutant genes’, and thus a specific description thereof is omitted. 
     The any candidate material for treating kidney cancer may be a therapeutic agent generally used to treat kidney cancer, or a novel material whose therapeutic effect against kidney cancer is not known, but the present invention is not limited thereto. It may be determined whether or not the any therapeutic candidate material has a therapeutic effect on a certain group of patients by treating a patient with kidney cancer having a gender-specific marker with the therapeutic candidate material to check the therapeutic effect. When the therapeutic candidate material has a therapeutic effect against kidney cancer, it may be predicted that the therapeutic candidate material has a high therapeutic effect when the therapeutic candidate material is applied to a group of patients having the same gender-specific marker, thereby providing useful information to determine a therapeutic strategy. Also, when a therapeutic effect is not exerted by the use of the any therapeutic candidate material, the unnecessary treatment needs not to be performed by suspending the therapy on the group of patients having the same gender-specific marker. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy may be effectively designed. 
     Any method of treating kidney cancer may also be applied instead of the any therapeutic candidate material. After verifying a therapeutic effect in a group of patients having a certain gender-specific marker, it may be determined whether or not the method is applied to the group of patients having the same gender-specific marker. When the therapeutic effect is verified in the group of patients having the gender-specific marker, the any therapeutic candidate material and the any method of treating kidney cancer may be used together. 
     The term ‘sample’ used herein includes any biological specimen obtained from a patient. The sample includes whole blood, plasma, serum, red blood cells, white blood cells (for example, peripheral blood mononuclear cells), a ductal fluid, hydrops abdominis, a pleural efflux, a nipple aspirate, a lymph fluid (for example, disseminated tumor cells of lymph nodes), a bone marrow aspirate, saliva, urine, feces (that is, stool), phlegm, a bronchial lavage fluid, tear, a fine needle aspirate (for example, collected by random mammary fine needle aspiration), any other bodily fluids, a tissue sample (for example, a tumor tissue), for example, a tumor biopsy (for example, an aspiration biopsy) or a lymph node (for example, a sentinel lymph node biopsy), a tissue sample (for example, a tumor tissue), for example, a surgical resection of tumor, and cell extracts thereof. In some embodiments, the sample is whole blood or some components thereof, for example, plasma, serum or cell pellets. In another embodiment, the sample is obtained by isolating circulating cells of a solid tumor from the whole blood or cell fractions thereof using any techniques known in the related art. In still another embodiment, the sample is, for example, a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue sample from a solid tumor such as colon cancer. 
     In certain embodiments, the sample is a tumor lysate or extract prepared from a frozen tissue obtained from a target having colon cancer. 
     The term ‘patient’ generally includes a human, and may also include other animals, for example, other primates, rodents, dogs, cats, horses, sheep, pigs, and the like. 
     The term ‘subject’ includes targets excluding a human, which are diagnosed with kidney cancer or suspected to have kidney cancer. 
     The method may be used to predict an overall survival rate or disease-free survival rate of the patient with kidney cancer. 
     In the present invention, the term ‘overall survival rate’ includes clinical endpoints recorded for patients who are diagnosed with a disease, for example, cancer or alive for a predetermined period after treatment of the disease, and refers to a survival probability of the patients regardless of the relapse of cancer. 
     In the present invention, the term ‘disease-free survival rate (DFS)’ includes a survival period of a patient without the relapse of cancer after treatment of a certain disease (for example, cancer). 
     According to the present invention, the presence of mutations of the gene of the present invention in a sample of a patient with kidney cancer may be analyzed to verify what the prognosis of a subject having a target test sample is for cancer. Also, such a method may be established by comparing overall survival rates or disease-free survival rates of control subjects who are known to have a good prognosis and have no mutations. In the present invention, the subject known to have a good prognosis refers to a subject who has no family histories such as metastasis, relapse, death, and the like after the onset of cancer. 
     The sample of the subject suspected to have cancer refers to a test sample of a subject or a tissue which already develops cancer or tumor or is expected to develop cancer or tumor, that is, a target test sample used to diagnose the prognosis of cancer or tumor. 
     The gender-specific marker may be a mutation of a gene coding for one selected from the group consisting of ACSS3, ADAM21, AFF2, ALG13, BAP1, BRWD3, COL4A5, CPEB1, ERBB2, HSP90AA1, IRAK1, KDMSC, KDM6A, LRP12, NCOA6, NHS, RGAG1, SCAF1, SH3TC1, TBC1D8B, TET2, TEX13A, ULK3, WNK3, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1. In females of the patients with kidney cancer, the gender-specific marker may be a mutation of a gene coding for one selected from the group consisting of ACSS3, ADAM21, AFF2, ALG13, BAP1, BRWD3, COL4A5, CPEB1, ERBB2, HSP90AA1, IRAK1, KDMSC, KDM6A, LRP12, NCOA6, NHS, RGAG1, SCAF1, SH3TC1, TBC1D8B, TEX13A, ULK3, WNK3, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1. In males of the patients with kidney cancer, the gender-specific marker may be a mutation of a gene coding for TET2. 
     The method of providing information required to diagnose the prognosis of kidney cancer according to the gender of the patient with kidney cancer may be used to predict the overall survival rate or disease-free survival rate of the patient with kidney cancer. For example, the method may further include judging that the survival rate of the patient with kidney cancer is not good or that a relapse rate of kidney cancer in the patient with kidney cancer is high when the mutation is identified in the gene coding for one selected from the group consisting of ACSS3, ALG13, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, KDM6A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1, and the patient with kidney cancer is female. 
     The method of providing information required to diagnose the prognosis of kidney cancer according to the gender of the patient with kidney cancer may further include judging that the survival rate of the patient with kidney cancer is not good when the gender of the patient with kidney cancer is female and the mutation is identified in the gene coding for one selected from the group consisting of ACSS3, ALG13, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, KDM6A, PHF16, and ZNF449, and the patient with kidney cancer is male. 
     The method of providing information required to diagnose the prognosis of kidney cancer according to the gender of the patient with kidney cancer may further include judging that the relapse rate of kidney cancer in the patient with kidney cancer is high when the gender of the patient with kidney cancer is female and the mutation is identified in the gene coding for one selected from the group consisting of ACSS3, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, ZNF449, and SCRN1. 
     As described above, the mutation of at least one gene selected from a gene group consisting of ACSS3, ADAM21, AFF2, ALG13, BAP1, BRWD3, COL4A5, CPEB1, ERBB2, HSP90AA1, IRAK1, KDMSC, KDM6A, LRP12, NCOA6, NHS, RGAG1, SCAF1, SH3TC1, TBC1D8B, TET2, TEX13A, ULK3, WNK3, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1 is used as the mutation of the gene of the present invention to verify that there is a difference in gene mutations according to the gender of a patient who develops cancer, particularly kidney cancer, but this fact is still unknown. Also, the mutation of at least one gene selected from a gene group consisting of ACSS3, ALG13, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, KDM6A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1 may be used to diagnose the prognosis of cancer, particularly kidney cancer, in a patient having a certain gender, but this fact is also still unknown. Further, there is no report on the fact that the overall survival rate or disease-free survival rate may be different in each of the genes. The present inventors have first found that the mutation of the genes may be used as a diagnostic marker capable of predicting a difference in therapeutic effect against kidney cancer or diagnosing the prognosis of the patient with kidney cancer according to the gender of the patient with kidney cancer. 
     The method for providing information required to predict a difference in therapeutic effect against kidney cancer according to the gender of the patient with kidney cancer according to the present invention may be used to diagnose a gene mutation in kidney cancer based on the gender, increase the survival rate of the patient with kidney cancer, or reduce the relapse rate of kidney cancer. Because the therapeutic effect against kidney cancer may be predicted and the survival rate of the patient with kidney cancer or the relapse rate of kidney cancer may be predicted using the information on the gene mutation which varies depending on the gender of the patient who develops kidney cancer, the method for diagnosing the prognosis of kidney cancer according to the present invention may be used to screen therapeutic agents suitable for each patient and select therapeutic methods so as to provide information, thereby effectively designing a therapeutic strategy for kidney cancer. 
     MODE FOR INVENTION 
     Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and experimental examples thereof. 
     However, it should be understood that the following examples are just preferred examples for the purpose of illustration only and is not intended to limit or define the scope of the invention. 
     Example 1 
     Acquisition of Genetic Information and Clinical Information 
     To check whether the genes of (ACSS3, ADAM21, AFF2, ALG13, BAP1, BRWD3, COL4A5, CPEB1, ERBB2, HSP90AA1, IRAK1, KDMSC, KDM6A, LRP12, NCOA6, NHS, RGAG1, SCAF1, SH3TC1, TBC1D8B, TET2, TEX13A, ULK3, WNK3, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1) may be used as a kidney cancer marker according to the gender of a patient with kidney cancer, the data on the relapse, metastasis, death, and observation time of 417 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma whose genetic information and clinical information were all secured were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and used for analyses. The following Table 1 lists the data on the relapse, metastasis, and death of the patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Gender 
                 Number of 
                 Ratio 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Male 
                 Female 
                 patients 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Relapse 
                 0 
                 148 
                 (54.6%) 
                 81 
                 (55.5%) 
                 229 
                 55.2% 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 77 
                 (28.4%) 
                 32 
                 (21.9%) 
                 109 
                 26.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Not 
                 46 
                 (17.0%) 
                 33 
                 (22.6%) 
                 79 
                 18.7% 
               
               
                   
                 detected 
               
               
                 Metas- 
                 0 
                 224 
                 (82.7%) 
                 127 
                 (87.0%) 
                 351 
                 84.2% 
               
               
                 tasis 
                 1 
                 47 
                 (17.3%) 
                 19 
                 (13.0%) 
                 66 
                 15.8% 
               
               
                 Death 
                 0 
                 181 
                 (66.8%) 
                 89 
                 (61.0%) 
                 270 
                 65.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 90 
                 (33.2%) 
                 57 
                 (39.0%) 
                 147 
                 35.0% 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Total number 
                 271 
                 146 
                 417 
               
               
                 of patients 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 2 
     Confirmation of Usability as Gender-Specific Marker 
     417 patients were divided into two groups based on the gender thereof to check a correlation between of the gender and the mutations of the candidate genes in Example 1 using three feature selection methods (Information Gain, Chi-Square, and MR). Mutation positions of the genes are listed in the following Tables 2 to 6. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Accession 
                 AA 
                   
                 Copy 
                   
                 Mutation 
                   
                 Start 
                 End 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Gene 
                 No. 
                 change 
                 Type 
                 # 
                 COSMIC 
                 Assessor 
                 Chr 
                 Pos 
                 Pos 
                 Ref 
                 Var 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ACSS3 
                 NM_024560.3 
                 R634* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 4 
                   
                 chr12 
                 81647354 
                 81647354 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X152_splice 
                 Splice 
                 Gain 
                   
                   
                 chr12 
                 81503485 
                 81503485 
                 T 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 G268D 
                 Missense 
                 Gain 
                 1 
                 Low 
                 chr12 
                 81536908 
                 81536908 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                 ADAM21 
                 NM_003813.3 
                 N265Y 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 2 
                 Medium 
                 chr14 
                 70925009 
                 70925009 
                 A 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 R408C 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 3 
                 Medium 
                 chr14 
                 70925438 
                 70925438 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 T589S 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                 Low 
                 chr14 
                 70925981 
                 70925981 
                 A 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 I161V 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 3 
                 Low 
                 chr14 
                 70924697 
                 70924697 
                 A 
                 G 
               
               
                 AFF2 
                 NM_002025.3 
                 S770F 
                 Missense 
                 DeepDel 
                 1 
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 148037884 
                 148037884 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 P513H 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 148035250 
                 148035250 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 T640N 
                 Missense 
                 Gain 
                 1 
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 148037494 
                 148037494 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 I149K 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                 Neutral 
                 chr23 
                 147743694 
                 147743694 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 I149K 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                 Neutral 
                 chr23 
                 147743694 
                 147743694 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 I149K 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                 Neutral 
                 chr23 
                 147743694 
                 147743694 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                 ALG13 
                 NM_001099922.2 
                 P925T 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                   
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 110987973 
                 110987973 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 L195Pfs*23 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 110951455 
                 110951455 
                 T 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 V456E 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 110964871 
                 110964871 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 NM_004656.3 
                 M1? 
                 Nonstart 
                 ShallowDel 
                 6 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52443894 
                 52443894 
                 T 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 G128* 
                 Nonsense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 2 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52441470 
                 52441470 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E402* 
                 Nonsense 
                 ShallowDel 
                   
                   
                 chr3 
                 52438515 
                 52438515 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E283Gfs*52 
                 FS del 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52439864 
                 52439864 
                 T 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 V335Efs*56 
                 FS del 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52439219 
                 52439238 
                 GCTG 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 CCTG 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GAGG 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 CTTC 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ACCA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Q253* 
                 Nonsense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 2 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52440295 
                 52440295 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Q267* 
                 Nonsense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52439913 
                 52439913 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Accession 
                 AA 
                   
                 Copy 
                   
                 Mutation 
                   
                 Start 
                 End 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Gene 
                 No. 
                 change 
                 Type 
                 # 
                 COSMIC 
                 Assessor 
                 Chr 
                 Pos 
                 Pos 
                 Ref 
                 Var 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 BAP1 
                 NM_004656.3 
                 S460* 
                 Nonsense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 3 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52437782 
                 52437782 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 F170V 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 4 
                 High 
                 chr3 
                 52441262 
                 52441262 
                 A 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 K711Sfs*25 
                 FS del 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52436362 
                 52436362 
                 T 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Y627* 
                 Nonsense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52437163 
                 52437163 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 R717Gfs*19 
                 FS del 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52436345 
                 52436345 
                 G 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X23_splice 
                 Splice 
                 ShallowDel 
                   
                   
                 chr3 
                 52443729 
                 52443729 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 S279* 
                 Nonsense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52439876 
                 52439876 
                 G 
                 T 
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 NM_004656.3 
                 R60* 
                 Nonsense 
                 DeepDel 
                 4 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52442567 
                 52442567 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 M1? 
                 Nonstart 
                 ShallowDel 
                 6 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52443892 
                 52443892 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 M1? 
                 Nonstart 
                 ShallowDel 
                 6 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52443892 
                 52443892 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 R700Gfs*36 
                 FS del 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52436397 
                 52436397 
                 C 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X41_splice 
                 Splice 
                 ShallowDel 
                   
                   
                 chr3 
                 52443568 
                 52443568 
                 A 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Q40* 
                 Nonsense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 2 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52443574 
                 52443574 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Q156* 
                 Nonsense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52441304 
                 52441304 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 K626* 
                 Nonsense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52437168 
                 52437168 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 D74Efs*4 
                 FS del 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52442523 
                 52442523 
                 A 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X41_splice 
                 Splice 
                 ShallowDel 
                   
                   
                 chr3 
                 52443568 
                 52443568 
                 A 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 D407Vfs*23 
                 FS del 
                 ShallowDel 
                 2 
                   
                 chr3 
                 52438499 
                 52438499 
                 T 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 F170C 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 4 
                 High 
                 chr3 
                 52441261 
                 52441261 
                 A 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X23_splice 
                 Splice 
                 ShallowDel 
                   
                   
                 chr3 
                 52443623 
                 52443647 
                 ACCT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GCGA 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 TGAG 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GAAA 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GGAA 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 AGCA 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X311_splice 
                 Splice 
                 ShallowDel 
                   
                   
                 chr3 
                 52439311 
                 52439311 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E31A 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 5 
                 High 
                 chr3 
                 52443600 
                 52443600 
                 T 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 N78S 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 2 
                 Neutral 
                 chr3 
                 52442512 
                 52442512 
                 T 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 N78S 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 2 
                 Neutral 
                 chr3 
                 52442512 
                 52442512 
                 T 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 L49V 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 2 
                 High 
                 chr3 
                 52442600 
                 52442600 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 D75G 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                 Neutral 
                 chr3 
                 52442521 
                 52442521 
                 T 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 S10T 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 4 
                 High 
                 chr3 
                 52443866 
                 52443866 
                 C 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 N229H 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                 Medium 
                 chr3 
                 52440367 
                 52440367 
                 T 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 G109V 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                 High 
                 chr3 
                 52442023 
                 52442023 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 L17P 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                 Medium 
                 chr3 
                 52443747 
                 52443747 
                 A 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A145G 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                 Medium 
                 chr3 
                 52441418 
                 52441418 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 K659Del 
                 IF del 
                 DeepDel 
                   
                   
                 chr3 
                 52436801 
                 52436803 
                 CTT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A1061T 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 2 
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 79948521 
                 79948521 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Accession 
                 AA 
                   
                 Copy 
                   
               
               
                 Gene 
                 No. 
                 change 
                 Type 
                 # 
                 COSMIC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BRWD3 
                 NM_153252.4 
                 G287A 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 I1747N 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                 COL4A5 
                 NM_000495.4 
                 P1184L 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 P756S 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 P1365S 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 G1427V 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X1510_splice 
                 Splice 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A1656T 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                 CPEB1 
                 NM_030594.4 
                 S393R 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 G136V 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X499_splice 
                 Splice 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                 ERBB2 
                 NM_004448.3 
                 E1114G 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 S649T 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 V219I 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 N388Qfs*14 
                 FS ins 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                 HSP90AA1 
                 NM_001017963.2 
                 D512N 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 H806R 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 I325T 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 L167V 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Mutation 
                   
                 Start 
                 End 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Gene 
                 Assessor 
                 Chr 
                 Pos 
                 Pos 
                 Ref 
                 Var 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 BRWD3 
                 Neutral 
                 chr23 
                 79991541 
                 79991541 
                 C 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neutral 
                 chr23 
                 79932277 
                 79932277 
                 A 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                 COL4A5 
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 107909822 
                 107909822 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 107849993 
                 107849993 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 107924995 
                 107924995 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 High 
                 chr23 
                 107929324 
                 107929324 
                 G 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 107935977 
                 107935977 
                 G 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neutral 
                 chr23 
                 107938641 
                 107938641 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 CPEB1 
                 Medium 
                 chr15 
                 83221251 
                 83221251 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neutral 
                 chr15 
                 83226709 
                 83226709 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr15 
                 83215272 
                 83215272 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 ERBB2 
                 Low 
                 chr17 
                 37883729 
                 37883729 
                 A 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Low 
                 chr17 
                 37876087 
                 37876087 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neutral 
                 chr17 
                 37866350 
                 37866350 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr17 
                 37871549 
                 37871550 
                 — 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                 HSP90AA1 
                 High 
                 chr14 
                 102550300 
                 102550300 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 High 
                 chr14 
                 102548486 
                 102548486 
                 T 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 High 
                 chr14 
                 102551690 
                 102551690 
                 A 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr14 
                 102552583 
                 102552583 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Accession 
                 AA 
                   
                 Copy 
                   
               
               
                 Gene 
                 No. 
                 change 
                 Type 
                 # 
                 COSMIC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IRAK1 
                 NM_001569.3 
                 Q280* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 V548M 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Q584K 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 NM_004187.3 
                 R681* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Q813* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E1152K 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X321_splice 
                 Splice 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 T471Vfs*5 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 R1458W 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 G536W 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E284* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Q1427Pfs*50 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C730R 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E592V 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E798* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C512W 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Y639* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 S1110* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E122Vfs*14 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 K459* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E1131Sfs*16 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C730F 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 H988Tfs*18 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 H733P 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 P27Lfs*46 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 F56Cfs*18 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 D1414Efs*54 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 R215* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 G845Rfs*2 
                 FS del 
                 ShallowDel 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Mutation 
                   
                 Start 
                 End 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Gene 
                 Assessor 
                 Chr 
                 Pos 
                 Pos 
                 Ref 
                 Var 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 IRAK1 
                   
                 chr23 
                 153283528 
                 153283528 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neutral 
                 chr23 
                 153278782 
                 153278782 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 153278674 
                 153278674 
                 G 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                 KDM5C 
                   
                 chr23 
                 53230752 
                 53230752 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53227751 
                 53227751 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 53223905 
                 53223905 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53244975 
                 53244975 
                 A 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53240028 
                 53240031 
                 GGTA 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 53222460 
                 53222460 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 High 
                 chr23 
                 53239736 
                 53239736 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53245090 
                 53245090 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53222653 
                 53222656 
                 GGCT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 53228214 
                 53228214 
                 A 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 High 
                 chr23 
                 53231127 
                 53231127 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53227796 
                 53227796 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 High 
                 chr23 
                 53239905 
                 53239905 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53230876 
                 53230877 
                 — 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53224222 
                 53224222 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53247129 
                 53247135 
                 CCAC 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 CTT 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53240705 
                 53240705 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53224160 
                 53224160 
                 C 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 53228213 
                 53228213 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53225887 
                 53225887 
                 G 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 53228204 
                 53228204 
                 T 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53253992 
                 53253992 
                 G 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53250081 
                 53250082 
                 AA 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53222684 
                 53222694 
                 TGTG 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GTTC 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 TCA 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53246339 
                 53246339 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 53227036 
                 53227042 
                 GTAGACC 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Accession 
                 AA 
                   
                 Copy 
                   
               
               
                 Gene 
                 No. 
                 change 
                 Type 
                 # 
                 COSMIC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM6A 
                 NM_021140.3 
                 A30V 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A1246Pfs*19 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 V156Del 
                 IF del 
                 ShallowDel 
               
               
                 LRP12 
                 NM_013437.4 
                 S622L 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E639K 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 V671I 
                 Missense 
                 Gain 
                 1 
               
               
                 NCOA6 
                 NM_001242539.2 
                 G164E 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 N877I 
                 Missense 
                 Gain 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 N864Y 
                 Missense 
                 Gain 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 V1444A 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 H832Sfs*47 
                 FS ins 
                 Gain 
               
               
                 NHS 
                 NM_198270.3 
                 C360R 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 P1107A 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 D1069H 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 2 
               
               
                 RGAG1 
                 NM_020769.2 
                 A1015G 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 M858V 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 G1053R 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                 SCAF1 
                 NM_021228.2 
                 A219Sfs*11 
                 FS ins 
                 ShallowDel 
               
               
                   
                   
                 P211Tfs*19 
                 FS ins 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 P211Tfs*19 
                 FS ins 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A216Pfs*94 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Mutation 
                   
                 Start 
                 End 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Gene 
                 Assessor 
                 Chr 
                 Pos 
                 Pos 
                 Ref 
                 Var 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 KDM6A 
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 44732886 
                 44732886 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 44949174 
                 44949174 
                 A 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 44879876 
                 44879878 
                 GGT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 LRP12 
                 Low 
                 chr8 
                 105503616 
                 105503616 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neutral 
                 chr8 
                 105503566 
                 105503566 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neutral 
                 chr8 
                 105503470 
                 105503470 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                 NCOA6 
                 Low 
                 chr20 
                 33356290 
                 33356290 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Low 
                 chr20 
                 33337368 
                 33337368 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neutral 
                 chr20 
                 33337408 
                 33337408 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neutral 
                 chr20 
                 33329729 
                 33329729 
                 A 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr20 
                 33337505 
                 33337506 
                 — 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                 NHS 
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 17742451 
                 17742451 
                 T 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 17745608 
                 17745608 
                 C 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 17745494 
                 17745494 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                 RGAG1 
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 109696889 
                 109696889 
                 C 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neutral 
                 chr23 
                 109696417 
                 109696417 
                 A 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 109697002 
                 109697002 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                 SCAF1 
                   
                 chr19 
                 50154294 
                 50154295 
                 — 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr19 
                 50154270 
                 50154271 
                 — 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr19 
                 50154270 
                 50154271 
                 — 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr19 
                 50154291 
                 50154294 
                 TGCA 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Accession 
                 AA 
                   
                 Copy 
                   
                 Mutation 
                   
                 Start 
                 End 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Gene 
                 No. 
                 change 
                 Type 
                 # 
                 COSMIC 
                 Assessor 
                 Chr 
                 Pos 
                 Pos 
                 Ref 
                 Var 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 SH3TC1 
                 NM_018986.4 
                 A375V 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                 Neutral 
                 chr4 
                 8224578 
                 8224578 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 R238Sfs*38 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
                   
                   
                 chr4 
                 8218768 
                 8218768 
                 G 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 L180F 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                 Neutral 
                 chr4 
                 8217896 
                 8217896 
                 G 
                 T 
               
               
                 TBC1D8B 
                 NM_017752.2 
                 G1059V 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 2 
                 Neutral 
                 chr23 
                 106117008 
                 106117008 
                 G 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A614T 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 106093257 
                 106093257 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 S861* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Gain 
                 1 
                   
                 chr23 
                 106109183 
                 106109183 
                 C 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Y815F 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 J 
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 106109045 
                 106109045 
                 A 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Y815F 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 3 
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 106109045 
                 106109045 
                 A 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Y815F 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 3 
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 106109045 
                 106109045 
                 A 
                 T 
               
               
                 TET2 
                 NM_001127208.2 
                 Q317K 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                 Low 
                 chr4 
                 106156048 
                 106156048 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 K326* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                   
                 chr4 
                 106156075 
                 106156075 
                 A 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 L757V 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                   
                 Neutral 
                 chr4 
                 106157368 
                 106157368 
                 C 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 V449E 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                   
                 Low 
                 chr4 
                 106156445 
                 106156445 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 N1714K 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                 Medium 
                 chr4 
                 106196809 
                 106196809 
                 T 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 D194E 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                 Low 
                 chr4 
                 106155681 
                 106155681 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 N1390H 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                 Medium 
                 chr4 
                 106190890 
                 106190890 
                 A 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 R1451Q 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 2 
                 Medium 
                 chr4 
                 106193890 
                 106193890 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 M600I 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                 Neutral 
                 chr4 
                 106156899 
                 106156899 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 P554S 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 1 
                 Neutral 
                 chr4 
                 106156759 
                 106156759 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                 TEX13A 
                 NM_001291277.1 
                 R393S 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 104463697 
                 104463697 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X199_splice 
                 Splice 
                 Diploid 
                 2 
                   
                 chr23 
                 104464282 
                 104464282 
                 C 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X199_splice 
                 Splice 
                 Diploid 
                 2 
                   
                 chr23 
                 104464282 
                 104464282 
                 C 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Y257D 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                   
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 104464107 
                 104464107 
                 A 
                 C 
               
               
                 ULK3 
                 NM_001099436.3 
                 Q81Sfs*41 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
                   
                   
                 chr15 
                 75134624 
                 75134624 
                 A 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 D79H 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr15 
                 75134629 
                 75134629 
                 C 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                 L77V 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                   
                 Low 
                 chr15 
                 75134635 
                 75134635 
                 G 
                 C 
               
               
                 WNK3 
                 NM_001002838.3 
                 S865* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                   
                 chr23 
                 54276546 
                 54276546 
                 G 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E537G 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 54321069 
                 54321069 
                 T 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Y589* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
                   
                 chr23 
                 54319687 
                 54319687 
                 A 
                 T 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The correlation between the mutagenesis of the candidate genes and the gender of the patients with kidney cancer was confirmed with respect to each the gender groups. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The following Tables 8 and 11 list information on the related candidate genes (M0: No distant metastasis, and M1: Distant metastasis). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 No. of 
               
               
                   
                 patients 
               
               
                   
                 with 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 identified 
                 Fisher&#39;s 
                   
                 Mutation type 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Gender 
                 gene 
                 Exact 
                   
                 Missense 
                 Missense 
                 In- 
                   
                 Metastasis 
                 Metastasis 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 M 
                 F 
                 mutations 
                 (P-value) 
                 Mutation(%) 
                 Truncating 
                 (P) 
                 (D) 
                 frame 
                 Cytoband 
                 M0 
                 M1 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ACSS3 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 2 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 12q21.31 
                 1 
                 2 
                 66.70% 
               
               
                 ADAM21 
                 0 
                 4 
                 4 
                 0.015 
                 0.96% 
                 0 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0 
                 14q24.1 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 AFF2 
                 1 
                 5 
                 6 
                 0.022 
                 1.44% 
                 0 
                 6 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq28 
                 5 
                 1 
                 16.70% 
               
               
                 ALG13 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq23 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 AOC2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 4 
                 0.614 
                 0.96% 
                 3 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 17q21 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 AR 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0.35 
                 0.24% 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq12 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 ARSF 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0.35 
                 0.24% 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp22.3 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 ASUN 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 0.281 
                 0.72% 
                 1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 12p11.23 
                 2 
                 1 
                 33.30% 
               
               
                 ASXL2 
                 2 
                 4 
                 6 
                 0.19 
                 1.44% 
                 4 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 2p24.1 
                 4 
                 2 
                 33.30% 
               
               
                 ASXL3 
                 7 
                 0 
                 7 
                 0.102 
                 1.68% 
                 0 
                 7 
                 0 
                 0 
                 18q12.1 
                 4 
                 3 
                 42.90% 
               
               
                 AVPR2 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq28 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 12 
                 25 
                 37 
                 &lt;0.001 
                 8.87% 
                 25 
                 8 
                 3 
                 1 
                 3p21.1 
                 26 
                 11 
                 29.70% 
               
               
                 BCOR 
                 2 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0.544 
                 0.48% 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq25-q26.1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 50.00% 
               
               
                 BHLHB9 
                 3 
                 0 
                 3 
                 0.555 
                 0.72% 
                 0 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq23 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 BRWD3 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 0 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq21.1 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 CDCA7 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 2q31.1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 CELSR1 
                 7 
                 0 
                 7 
                 0.102 
                 1.68% 
                 3 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0 
                 22q13.31 
                 5 
                 2 
                 28.60% 
               
               
                 CFP 
                 1 
                 3 
                 4 
                 0.126 
                 0.96% 
                 1 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp11.4 
                 3 
                 1 
                 25.00% 
               
               
                 CLN8 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 8p23 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 No. of 
               
               
                   
                 patients 
               
               
                   
                 with 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 identified 
                 Fisher&#39;s 
                   
                 Mutation type 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Gender 
                 gene 
                 Exact 
                 Mutation 
                   
                 Missense 
                 Missense 
                 In- 
                   
                 Metastasis 
                 Metastasis 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 M 
                 F 
                 mutations 
                 (P-value) 
                 (%) 
                 Truncating 
                 (P) 
                 (D) 
                 frame 
                 Cytoband 
                 M0 
                 M1 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 COL4A5 
                 1 
                 5 
                 6 
                 0.022 
                 1.44% 
                 1 
                 5 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq22 
                 5 
                 1 
                 16.70% 
               
               
                 CPEB1 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 15q25.2 
                 2 
                 1 
                 33.30% 
               
               
                 CYLC1 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq21.1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 DYSF 
                 2 
                 4 
                 6 
                 0.19 
                 1.44% 
                 2 
                 3 
                 0 
                 1 
                 2p13.2 
                 4 
                 2 
                 33.30% 
               
               
                 ERBB2 
                 0 
                 4 
                 4 
                 0.015 
                 0.96% 
                 1 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0 
                 17q12 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 FAM47A 
                 1 
                 3 
                 4 
                 0.126 
                 0.96% 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0 
                 2 
                 Xp21.1 
                 3 
                 1 
                 25.00% 
               
               
                 FRMD7 
                 4 
                 0 
                 4 
                 0.302 
                 0.96% 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp22.2 
                 3 
                 1 
                 25.00% 
               
               
                 FRMPD4 
                 4 
                 0 
                 4 
                 0.302 
                 0.96% 
                 3 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp22.2 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 GABRQ 
                 2 
                 4 
                 6 
                 0.19 
                 1.44% 
                 2 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq28 
                 5 
                 1 
                 16.70% 
               
               
                 GPR45 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 2q12.1 
                 2 
                 1 
                 33.30% 
               
               
                 HAUS7 
                 2 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0.544 
                 0.48% 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq28 
                 1 
                 1 
                 50.00% 
               
               
                 HSP90AA1 
                 0 
                 4 
                 4 
                 0.015 
                 0.96% 
                 0 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0 
                 14q32.31 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 IRAK1 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq28 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 ITIH6 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0.35 
                 0.24% 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp11.22- 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 p11.21 
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 3 
                 23 
                 26 
                 &lt;0.001 
                 6.24% 
                 18 
                 8 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp11.22- 
                 22 
                 4 
                 15.40% 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 p11.21 
               
               
                 KDM6A 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 Xp11.2 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 LPAR4 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq21.1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 LRP12 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 0 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0 
                 8q22.2 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 MAGEB10 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp21.1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Total 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 No. of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 patients 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 with 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 identified 
                 Fisher&#39;s 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Gender 
                 gene 
                 Exact 
                   
                 Mutation type 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 M 
                 F 
                 mutations 
                 (P-value) 
                 Mutation(%) 
                 Truncating 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 MAGEB16 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 0 
               
               
                 MAGED1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0.544 
                 0.48% 
                 0 
               
               
                 MAP3K15 
                 1 
                 3 
                 4 
                 0.126 
                 0.96% 
                 2 
               
               
                 MED14 
                 4 
                 1 
                 5 
                 0.661 
                 1.20% 
                 1 
               
               
                 NBPF10 
                 4 
                 4 
                 8 
                 0.459 
                 1.92% 
                 2 
               
               
                 NCOA6 
                 0 
                 4 
                 4 
                 0.015 
                 0.96% 
                 1 
               
               
                 NCOR1P1 
                 Null 
                 20p11.1 
                 Null 
               
               
                 NHS 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 0 
               
               
                 NOX1 
                 2 
                 2 
                 4 
                 0.614 
                 0.96% 
                 2 
               
               
                 PABPC3 
                 9 
                 1 
                 10 
                 0.176 
                 2.40% 
                 1 
               
               
                 PHF16(JADE3) 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 0 
               
               
                 POTEH-AS1 
                 Null 
                 22q11.1 
                 Null 
               
               
                 PRRG3 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 0 
               
               
                 RGAG1 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 0 
               
               
                 SCAF1 
                 0 
                 4 
                 4 
                 0.015 
                 0.96% 
                 4 
               
               
                 SCRN1 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 1 
               
               
                 SH3TC1 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 1 
               
               
                 SMC1A 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 1 
               
               
                 SYTL4 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0.35 
                 0.24% 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Mutation type 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Missense 
                 Missense 
                 In- 
                   
                 Metastasis 
                 Metastasis 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 (P) 
                 (D) 
                 frame 
                 Cytoband 
                 M0 
                 M1 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 MAGEB16 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp21.1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                 MAGED1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp11.23 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                 MAP3K15 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp22.12 
                 3 
                 1 
                 25.00% 
               
               
                   
                 MED14 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp11.4 
                 5 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                 NBPF10 
                 6 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1q21.1 
                 6 
                 2 
                 25.00% 
               
               
                   
                 NCOA6 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0 
                 20q11.22 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                 NCOR1P1 
               
               
                   
                 NHS 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp22.13 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                 NOX1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq22 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                 PABPC3 
                 9 
                 0 
                 0 
                 13q12-ql3 
                 10 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                 PHF16(JADE3) 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp11.23 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                 POTEH-AS1 
               
               
                   
                 PRRG3 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq28 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                 RGAG1 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq23 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                 SCAF1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 19q13.33 
                 3 
                 1 
                 25.00% 
               
               
                   
                 SCRN1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 7p14.3 
                 1 
                 1 
                 50.00% 
               
               
                   
                 SH3TC1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 4p16.1 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                 SMC1A 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp11.22- 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 p11.21 
               
               
                   
                 SYTL4 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq21.33 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 No. of 
               
               
                   
                 patients 
               
               
                   
                 with 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 identified 
                 Fisher&#39;s 
                   
                 Mutation type 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Gender 
                 gene 
                 Exact 
                 Mutation 
                   
                 Missense 
                 Missense 
                 In- 
                   
                 Metastasis 
                 Metastasis 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 M 
                 F 
                 mutations 
                 (P-value) 
                 (%) 
                 Truncating 
                 (P) 
                 (D) 
                 frame 
                 Cytoband 
                 M0 
                 M1 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 TBC1D8B 
                 1 
                 5 
                 6 
                 0.022 
                 1.44% 
                 1 
                 5 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq22.3 
                 6 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 TET2 
                 9 
                 0 
                 9 
                 0.03 
                 2.16% 
                 1 
                 8 
                 0 
                 0 
                 4q24 
                 3 
                 6 
                 66.70% 
               
               
                 TEX13A 
                 0 
                 4 
                 4 
                 0.015 
                 0.96% 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq22.3 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 TFDP3 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 0.281 
                 0.72% 
                 0 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq26.2 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 TRO 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
                 0.122 
                 0.48% 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp11.22- 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 p11.21 
               
               
                 ULK3 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 15q24.1 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 USP51 
                 1 
                 4 
                 5 
                 0.53 
                 1.20% 
                 1 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp11.21 
                 3 
                 2 
                 40.00% 
               
               
                 WNK3 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0.042 
                 0.72% 
                 2 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xp11.22 
                 2 
                 1 
                 33.30% 
               
               
                 ZMYM3 
                 1 
                 1 
                 2 
                 1 
                 0.48% 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq13.1 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 ZNF318 
                 2 
                 5 
                 7 
                 0.054 
                 1.68% 
                 2 
                 5 
                 0 
                 0 
                 6p21.1 
                 6 
                 1 
                 14.30% 
               
               
                 ZNF449 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0.35 
                 0.24% 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Xq26.3 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     From the analysis results, it was confirmed that there were the genes whose P-values were shown to be greater than or equal to 0.05 compared to the other groups even when the genes had mutations in each of the gender groups, and also confirmed that there were the genes whose P-values were shown to be less than 0.05 while the genes had the mutations. Because the mutant genes whose P-values were less than 0.05 compared to the other groups correlated with the certain gender group compared to the other groups, the mutant genes were defined as gender-specific genes. For example, it can be seen that there were a large total number of patients in which AOC2, AR, and ARSF were mutated, but the AOC2, AR, and ARSF mutants had a high P-value of 0.05 or more, there was no correlation between the gender of the patients and the mutations of these genes. On the other hand, it was confirmed that, because the ACSS3, ADAM21, AFF2, ALG13, BAP1, BRWD3, COL4A5, CPEB1, ERBB2, HSP90AA1, IRAK1, KDMSC, KDM6A, LRP12, NCOA6, NHS, RGAG1, SCAF1, SH3TC1, TBC1D8B, TET2, TEX13A, ULK3, and WNK3 genes has a P-value of less than 0.05 in comparison between the groups, there was a correlation between the gender of the patients and the mutagenesis of these genes. 
       FIG. 1  shows the results of analyzing the correlation between the gender of patients and the mutations of genes. As shown in  FIG. 1 , it was confirmed that there were a larger number of patients having the mutant genes in the female groups than in the male groups in the case of the ACSS3, ADAM21, AFF2, ALG13, BAP1, BRWD3, COL4A5, CPEB1, ERBB2, HSP90AA1, IRAK1, KDMSC, KDM6A, LRP12, NCOA6, NHS, RGAG1, SCAF1, SH3TC1, TBC1D8B, TEX13A, ULK3, and WNK3 genes, and there were a larger number of patients having the mutant gene in the male groups than in the female groups in the case of the TET2 gene. 
     From the results, it can be seen that the mutations of ACSS3, ADAM21, AFF2, ALG13, BAP1, BRWD3, COL4A5, CPEB1, ERBB2, HSP90AA1, IRAK1, KDMSC, KDM6A, LRP12, NCOA6, NHS, RGAG1, SCAF1, SH3TC1, TBC1D8B, TEX13A, ULK3, and WNK3 were able to be used as the markers specific to the female groups, and that the mutation of TET2 was able to be used as the marker specific to the male groups. 
     Example 3 
     Confirmation of Applicability as Survival-Specific Markers According to Gender 
     It was confirmed whether there were survival-specific mutant genes among the candidate genes according to the gender. The analyses were performed in the same manner as in Example 2. Mutation positions of the respective genes are listed in Table 12. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Accession 
                 AA 
                   
                 Copy 
                   
               
               
                 Gene 
                 No. 
                 change 
                 Type 
                 # 
                 COSMIC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACSS3 
                 NM_024560.3 
                 R634* 
                 Nonsense 
                 Diploid 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X152_splice 
                 Splice 
                 Gain 
               
               
                   
                   
                 G268D 
                 Missense 
                 Gain 
                 1 
               
               
                 ALG13 
                 NM_001099922.2 
                 P925T 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 L195Pfs*23 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 V456E 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                 ARSF 
                 NM_001201538.1 
                 I42F 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                 CFP 
                 NM_001145252.1 
                 S27L 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 R359Q 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E135K 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E323Gfs*34 
                 FS ins 
                 Gain 
                 1 
               
               
                 FAM47A 
                 NM_203408.3 
                 R505H 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E507Q 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 L235_H246Del 
                 IF del 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 L235_H246Del 
                 IF del 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                 KDM6A 
                 NM_021140.3 
                 A30V 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A1246Pfs*19 
                 FS del 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 V156Del 
                 IF del 
                 ShallowDel 
               
               
                 PHF16(JADE3) 
                 NM_001077445.2 
                 K656Q 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 R207W 
                 Missense 
                 ShallowDel 
               
               
                 ZNF449 
                 NM_152695.5 
                 F183I 
                 Missense 
                 Diploid 
                 1 
               
               
                 SCRN1 
                 NM_001145514.1 
                 D427Y 
                 Missense 
                 Gain 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A257Cfs*34 
                 FS ins 
                 Diploid 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Mutation 
                   
                 Start 
                 End 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Gene 
                 Assessor 
                 Chr 
                 Pos 
                 Pos 
                 Ref 
                 Var 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ACSS3 
                   
                 chr12 
                 81647354 
                 81647354 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr12 
                 81503485 
                 81503485 
                 T 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Low 
                 chr12 
                 81536908 
                 81536908 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 ALG13 
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 110987973 
                 110987973 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 110951455 
                 110951455 
                 T 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 110964871 
                 110964871 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 ARSF 
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 2990179 
                 2990179 
                 A 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                 CFP 
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 47489070 
                 47489070 
                 G 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 47485783 
                 47485783 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 47487501 
                 47487501 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 47485891 
                 47485892 
                 — 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                 FAM47A 
                 Neutral 
                 chr23 
                 34148882 
                 34148882 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 34148877 
                 34148877 
                 C 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 34149658 
                 34149693 
                 ATGG 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GACA 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 CTCC 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 AGTC 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 TCTG 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GAGG 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 CTCC 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GGGC 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GGAG 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 34149658 
                 34149693 
                 ATGG 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GACA 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 CTCC 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 AGTC 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 TCTG 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GAGG 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 CTCC 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GGGC 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GGAG 
               
               
                   
                 KDM6A 
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 44732886 
                 44732886 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 44949174 
                 44949174 
                 A 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr23 
                 44879876 
                 44879878 
                 GGT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 PHF16(JADE3) 
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 46917973 
                 46917973 
                 A 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Medium 
                 chr23 
                 46887437 
                 46887437 
                 C 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                 ZNF449 
                 Low 
                 chr23 
                 134483227 
                 134483227 
                 T 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 SCRN1 
                 Medium 
                 chr7 
                 29963599 
                 29963599 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 chr7 
                 29980329 
                 29980330 
                 — 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
      An overall survival Kaplan-Meier estimate and a disease-free survival Kaplan-Meier estimate were calculated using a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method (Spss 21). The 417 target patients volunteered in Example 1 were divided into surviving patients (270) and dead patients (147), and comparative analyses thereof were performed. The overall survival Kaplan-Meier estimate or the disease-free survival Kaplan-Meier estimate was calculated based on the clinical information (occurrence of events (death or relapse), and observation time) on the patients volunteered in Example 1 using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method. The event was defined as ‘death’ for the overall survival Kaplan-Meier estimate, and the event was defined as ‘relapse’ for the disease-free survival Kaplan-Meier estimate. To verify whether the mutagenesis in each of the genes correlated with the death of the patients from kidney cancer or the relapse of kidney cancer, the correlation between the mutagenesis and the overall survival Kaplan-Meier estimate, and the correlation between the mutagenesis and the disease-free survival Kaplan-Meier estimate were confirmed, based on the event times of the respective groups obtained in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method, using a log rank test. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Cases with alterations in the query genes of the present invention were used as the experimental groups, and a case without alterations in the query genes of the present invention was used as the control. A median months survival refers to a median value when the survival estimates of the patients from the corresponding groups were listed. A gradient of the survival curve obtained by the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method was determined by the survival estimates. 
     To check whether the mutagenesis in each of the candidate genes correlated with the survival rate of the patients with kidney cancer, who had a certain gender, the genetic information on the 417 patient with kidney cancer obtained in Example 1 was analyzed. The gender of the patients in which the mutations of the ACSS3, ALG13, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, KDM6A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1 genes were identified was listed in Table 13. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Gender group 
                 Total number of patients with 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 M 
                 F 
                 identified gene mutations 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 ACSS3 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 ALG13 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 ARSF 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 CFP 
                 1 
                 3 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 FAM47A 
                 1 
                 3 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 KDM6A 
                 0 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 PHF16 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 ZNF449 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 SCRN1 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in  FIGS. 2 to 10 , it can be seen that, because the probability of the null hypothesis being true was shown to be greater than or equal to 99.5% when it is assumed that the mutagenesis of the ACSS3, ALG13, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, KDM6A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1 genes correlated with the survival rates of the females of the patients with kidney cancer in comparison between the groups, that is, the probability of the null hypothesis being false was shown to be less than 0.5%, there was the correlation between the mutagenesis of the ACSS3, ALG13, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, KDM6A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1 genes and the survival rate of the female patients of the patients with kidney cancer (see information on ‘Gender group’ and information on ‘Total number of patients with identified gene mutations’ listed in Table 13). 
     Some mutant genes whose P-values were shown to be greater than or equal to 0.05, the value of which was considered to be insignificant, when only the correlation between the mutagenesis and the gender was verified in Example 1 had a P-value of less than 0.05, the value of which was considered to be significant, when the correlation between the mutagenesis and the survival rates of the patients with kidney cancer who had a certain gender. For example, the P-value of ARSF was considered to be insignificant only when the correlation between the mutagenesis and the gender was verified in Example 1, but considered to be significant when the correlation between the mutation of ARSF and the survival rates of the patients was compared between the gender groups in this example (see information on ‘Gender group’ of Table 13 and the P-values shown in  FIGS. 2 to 15 ). 
     The analysis results of survival of the patients with kidney cancer who had the mutant genes are shown in  FIGS. 2 to 15 . 
     From the analysis results, as shown in  FIG. 2(A) , it was confirmed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the ACSS3 gene was not mutated survived for 80 months or more (blue). On the other hand, it was confirmed that, because at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the ACSS3 gene was mutated died within 20 months, the patients with kidney cancer in which the ACSS3 gene was mutated had a survival rate lower than the patients with kidney cancer in which the ACSS3 gene was not mutated (red). Referring to  FIG. 2(B) , it was revealed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the ACSS3 gene was not mutated did not relapse into kidney cancer for 100 months or more (blue), but at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer relapsed into kidney cancer within 40 months when the ACSS3 gene was mutated (red). Therefore, it can be seen that the mutation of the ACSS3 gene was useful as the marker for predicting the survival rate of the patients with kidney cancer and the relapse of kidney cancer because the patients had a high probability of dying from kidney cancer or relapsing into kidney cancer when the ACSS3 gene was mutated and the gender of the patients with kidney cancer was female. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , it was confirmed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the ALG13 gene was not mutated survived for 80 months or more (blue). On the other hand, it was confirmed that, because at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the ALG13 gene was mutated died within 20 months, the patients with kidney cancer in which the ALG13 gene was mutated had a survival rate lower than the patients with kidney cancer in which the ALG13 gene was not mutated (red). Therefore, it can be seen that the mutation of the ALG13 gene was useful as the marker for predicting the survival rate of the patients with kidney cancer because the patients had a high probability of dying from kidney cancer when the ALG13 gene was mutated and the gender of the patients with kidney cancer was female. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4(A) , it was confirmed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the ARSF gene was not mutated survived for 80 months or more (blue). On the other hand, it was confirmed that, because at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the ARSF gene was mutated died within 20 months, the patients with kidney cancer in which the ARSF gene was mutated had a survival rate lower than the patients with kidney cancer in which the ARSF gene was not mutated (red). Referring to  FIG. 4(B) , it was revealed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the ARSF gene was not mutated did not relapse into kidney cancer for 100 months or more (blue), but at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer relapsed into kidney cancer within 20 months when the ARSF gene was mutated (red). Therefore, it can be seen that the mutation of the ARSF gene was useful as the marker for predicting the survival rate of the patients with kidney cancer and the relapse of kidney cancer because the patients had a high probability of dying from kidney cancer or relapsing into kidney cancer when the ARSF gene was mutated and the gender of the patients with kidney cancer was female. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5(A) , it was confirmed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the CFP gene was not mutated survived for 80 months or more (blue). On the other hand, it was confirmed that, because at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the CFP gene was mutated died within 20 months, the patients with kidney cancer in which the CFP gene was mutated had a survival rate lower than the patients with kidney cancer in which the CFP gene was not mutated (red). Referring to  FIG. 5(B) , it was revealed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the CFP gene was not mutated did not relapse into kidney cancer for 100 months or more (blue), but at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer relapsed into kidney cancer within 40 months when the CFP gene was mutated (red). Therefore, it can be seen that the mutation of the CFP gene was useful as the marker for predicting the survival rate of the patients with kidney cancer and the relapse of kidney cancer because the patients had a high probability of dying from kidney cancer or relapsing into kidney cancer when the CFP gene was mutated and the gender of the patients with kidney cancer was female. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6(A) , it was confirmed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the FAM47A gene was not mutated survived for 80 months or more (blue). On the other hand, it was confirmed that, because at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the FAM47A gene was mutated died within 20 months, the patients with kidney cancer in which the FAM47A gene was mutated had a survival rate lower than the patients with kidney cancer in which the FAM47A gene was not mutated (red). Referring to  FIG. 6(B) , it was revealed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the FAM47A gene was not mutated did not relapse into kidney cancer for 100 months or more (blue), but at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer relapsed into kidney cancer within 40 months when the FAM47A gene was mutated (red). Therefore, it can be seen that the mutation of the FAM47A gene was useful as the marker for predicting the survival rate of the patients with kidney cancer and the relapse of kidney cancer because the patients had a high probability of dying from kidney cancer or relapsing into kidney cancer when the FAM47A gene was mutated and the gender of the patients with kidney cancer was female. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , it was confirmed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the KDM6A gene was not mutated survived for 80 months or more (blue). On the other hand, it was confirmed that, because at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the KDM6A gene was mutated died within 20 months, the patients with kidney cancer in which the KDM6A gene was mutated had a survival rate lower than the patients with kidney cancer in which the KDM6A gene was not mutated (red). Therefore, it can be seen that the mutation of the KDM6A gene was useful as the marker for predicting the survival rate of the patients with kidney cancer because the patients had a high probability of dying from kidney cancer when the KDM6A gene was mutated and the gender of the patients with kidney cancer was female. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , it was confirmed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the PHF16 gene was not mutated survived for 80 months or more (blue). On the other hand, it was confirmed that, because at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the PHF16 gene was mutated died within 40 months, the patients with kidney cancer in which the PHF16 gene was mutated had a survival rate lower than the patients with kidney cancer in which the PHF16 gene was not mutated (red). Therefore, it can be seen that the mutation of the PHF16 gene was useful as the marker for predicting the survival rate of the patients with kidney cancer because the patients had a high probability of dying from kidney cancer when the PHF16 gene was mutated and the gender of the patients with kidney cancer was female. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9 , it was revealed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the SCRN1 gene did not relapsed into kidney cancer for 100 months or more (blue), but at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer relapsed into kidney cancer within 20 months when the SCRN1 gene was mutated (red). Therefore, it can be seen that the mutation of the SCRN1 gene was useful as the marker for predicting the relapse of kidney cancer because the patients had a high probability of relapsing into kidney cancer when the SCRN1 gene was mutated and the gender of the patients with kidney cancer was female. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10(A) , it was confirmed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the ZNF449 gene was not mutated survived for 80 months or more (blue). On the other hand, it was confirmed that, because at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the ZNF449 gene was mutated died within 10 months, the patients with kidney cancer in which the ZNF449 gene was mutated had a survival rate lower than the patients with kidney cancer in which the ZNF449 gene was not mutated (red). Referring to  FIG. 10(B) , it was revealed that at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer in which the ZNF449 gene did not relapsed into kidney cancer for 100 months or more (blue), but at least 50% of the patients with kidney cancer relapsed into kidney cancer within 20 months when the ZNF449 gene was mutated (red). Therefore, it can be seen that the mutation of the ZNF449 gene was useful as the marker for predicting the survival rate of the patients with kidney cancer or the relapse of kidney cancer because the patients had a high probability of dying from kidney cancer or relapsing into kidney cancer when the ZNF449 gene was mutated and the gender of the patients with kidney cancer was female. 
     From the above results, it can be seen that the survival rate of the patients with kidney cancer who had a certain gender was significantly reduced, or the relapse rate of kidney cancer in the patients with kidney cancer was increased when any one gene selected from the group consisting of ACSS3, ALG13, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, KDM6A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1 was mutated. Therefore, it can be seen that the prognoses of kidney cancer, particularly the survival of the patients with kidney cancer or the relapse of kidney cancer, were able to be predicted by comparing the gender of the patients to check whether the genes of the present invention were mutated. 
     Example 4 
     Manufacture of Chips Capable of Detecting Genes of Examples 2 and 3 
     Primer sets for detecting mutations of the genes of Examples 2 and 3 were constructed using Ion AmpliSeq Custom and Community Panels (commercially available from Thermo fisher) with reference to https://tools.thermofishercom/content/sfs/manuals/MAN0006735_AmpliSeq_DNA_R NA_LibPrep_UG.pdf. To easily detect the mutations, types of chips were selected and the depth of the chips was enhanced. Specifically, information on a panel to be manufactured was input into Ampliseq.com, and the input information was fed back. Thereafter, the related items were discussed to manufacture a panel equipped with a primer set capable of detecting the mutation. Tables 14 to 21 list the primer sets capable of detecting the mutations of the genes of the present invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lineitem_ 
                   
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Chr 
                 NO 
                 Fwd_Primer* 
                 NO 
                 Rev_Primer* 
                 Start 
                 Start 
                 Stop 
                 Stop 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ACSS3 
                 chr12 
                 31 
                 GGGATAAGATTG 
                 32 
                 GAAGGCTCTAC 
                 8150 
                 8150 
                 8150 
                 8150 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTATCATCTATG 
                   
                 AATGAGAATGTA 
                 3404 
                 3433 
                 3537 
                 3566 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ACAGT 
                   
                 TGCTAT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACSS3 
                 chr12 
                 33 
                 TTCAGTCAGATG 
                 34 
                 ACAGTCATGTG 
                 8153 
                 8153 
                 8153 
                 8153 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTCAGACTTAAA 
                   
                 ACTGGGCTTTT 
                 6787 
                 6817 
                 6938 
                 6960 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TAGATT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACSS3 
                 chr12 
                 35 
                 CTCTAGATATAA 
                 36 
                 CCATTGACAATG 
                 8164 
                 8164 
                 8164 
                 8164 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATGCAACAGAG 
                   
                 GCAGATAAAGC 
                 7268 
                 7297 
                 7411 
                 7436 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GAGCAA 
                   
                 TG 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ADAM21 
                 chr14 
                 37 
                 GGGCTTTCGAG 
                 38 
                 TGCTACTTCCTT 
                 7092 
                 7092 
                 7092 
                 7092 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GAGTATTAAAAA 
                   
                 CTCTGTTAAGCC 
                 4606 
                 4634 
                 4735 
                 4759 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TAAGT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ADAM21 
                 chr14 
                 39 
                 GTATTTCTTGTT 
                 40 
                 ATGCTGTAGCTG 
                 7092 
                 7092 
                 7092 
                 7092 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GTCAACATAGTG 
                   
                 GGAAAGACTG 
                 4919 
                 4949 
                 5070 
                 5092 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GATTCC 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ADAM21 
                 chr14 
                 41 
                 CTTAAACCAGG 
                 42 
                 GTCTTGTTCACA 
                 7092 
                 7092 
                 7092 
                 7092 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GATCATGTCTGC 
                   
                 CTGCTGTACG 
                 5377 
                 5402 
                 5487 
                 5509 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ADAM21 
                 chr14 
                 43 
                 GATGTCTTTTGT 
                 44 
                 GGCCACACACA 
                 7092 
                 7092 
                 7092 
                 7092 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GGGAGAGTTCA 
                   
                 GTACCATCTTT 
                 5885 
                 5911 
                 6037 
                 6059 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATG 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AFF2 
                 chrX 
                 45 
                 TCACCAGGATAA 
                 46 
                 AGTCTGCATCTT 
                 1477 
                 1477 
                 1477 
                 1477 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TACCCATCCTTC 
                   
                 GTTTGGCTGA 
                 4362 
                 4364 
                 4377 
                 4379 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                   
                 3 
                 8 
                 5 
                 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AFF2 
                 chrX 
                 47 
                 TCGGAGAGCAG 
                 48 
                 CTGTGGGACAG 
                 1480 
                 1480 
                 1480 
                 1480 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTCTGAGT 
                   
                 GCAGATCAT 
                 3518 
                 3519 
                 3529 
                 3531 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0 
                 9 
                 6 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AFF2 
                 chrX 
                 49 
                 GGCTTTGAAGC 
                 50 
                 GGGTCATGAAG 
                 1480 
                 1480 
                 1480 
                 1480 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATAAGTTGTCAA 
                   
                 CTCCACACTTT 
                 3739 
                 3742 
                 3755 
                 3757 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CA 
                   
                   
                 9 
                 4 
                 0 
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AFF2 
                 chrX 
                 51 
                 GCCAAATCCAA 
                 52 
                 AGAGGTTTTTC 
                 1480 
                 1480 
                 1480 
                 1480 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GGAAATCTGTG 
                   
                 AGGTTCTCATGA 
                 3780 
                 3782 
                 3795 
                 3797 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GT 
                   
                 TCTC 
                 5 
                 9 
                 2 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ALG13 
                 chrX 
                 53 
                 TCCGGATACCTG 
                 54 
                 CATCCATTGATG 
                 1109 
                 1109 
                 1109 
                 1109 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CATAAGCAAG 
                   
                 CCTCATTCAAA 
                 5136 
                 5138 
                 5151 
                 5154 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GAC 
                   
                   
                 7 
                 9 
                 5 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ALG13 
                 chrX 
                 55 
                 GAAGACTAAGG 
                 56 
                 TCCTGTTGATAT 
                 1109 
                 1109 
                 1109 
                 1109 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATTGTGAGTTTG 
                   
                 TTCTTTACCTTT 
                 6478 
                 6481 
                 6492 
                 6495 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TAGCA 
                   
                 TCTGCT 
                 5 
                 3 
                 9 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ALG13 
                 chrX 
                 57 
                 TCTTTGTTAGTG 
                 58 
                 AGTCTCTCCCA 
                 1109 
                 1109 
                 1109 
                 1109 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATTGCCTCACCA 
                   
                 CATCAAGAGCA 
                 8788 
                 8791 
                 8803 
                 8805 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 T 
                   
                   
                 6 
                 1 
                 4 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lineitem_ 
                   
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Chr 
                 NO 
                 Fwd_Primer* 
                 NO 
                 Rev_Primer* 
                 Start 
                 Start 
                 Stop 
                 Stop 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 59 
                 GTAGGAGAGAA 
                 60 
                 GTGGAGGCTGA 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GAAGACTGAGA 
                   
                 GATTGCAAACT 
                 6693 
                 6720 
                 6840 
                 6863 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GCACT 
                   
                 A 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 61 
                 TTCCAATCAAG 
                 62 
                 GTCGTGGAAGC 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AACTTGGCACC 
                   
                 CACGGACA 
                 7065 
                 7088 
                 7218 
                 7237 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 T 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 63 
                 GCCGTGTCTGTA 
                 64 
                 CCATCAACGTC 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTCTCATTGC 
                   
                 TTGGCTGAGAA 
                 7674 
                 7696 
                 7808 
                 7830 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 65 
                 AACCTGGTAGC 
                 66 
                 TTGTCCCAGGA 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTTAGAAAGCT 
                   
                 GGAAGAAGACC 
                 8439 
                 8462 
                 8588 
                 8611 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 G 
                   
                 T 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 67 
                 GGGACTTGGCA 
                 68 
                 ATCCCACAGCC 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TAATTGTGATTG 
                   
                 CTCCCAACAAA 
                 9134 
                 9158 
                 9248 
                 9270 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 T 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 69 
                 GCTTCACCACTA 
                 70 
                 GGGAGACTGTG 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GCTTGGGTTT 
                   
                 AGCTTTTCTTGG 
                 9230 
                 9252 
                 9353 
                 9376 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 71 
                 GGACTTGTTGCT 
                 72 
                 GGGTCTACCCT 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
                 5243 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GGCTGACTT 
                   
                 TTCTCCTCTGA 
                 9836 
                 9857 
                 9948 
                 9970 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 73 
                 GTATGTTCACGA 
                 74 
                 CGACCGCAGGA 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATCAGAGACAA 
                   
                 TCAAGTATGAG 
                 0173 
                 0200 
                 0325 
                 0347 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATGC 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 75 
                 CAGCCTGGCCT 
                 76 
                 CAGGATATCTGC 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CATACTTGATC 
                   
                 CTCAACCTGAT 
                 0317 
                 0339 
                 0440 
                 0464 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 G 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 77 
                 CATGGTGCCTAC 
                 78 
                 CCTGAGAAGCA 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CATGGTCAAT 
                   
                 GAATGGCCTTA 
                 1178 
                 1200 
                 1291 
                 1313 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 79 
                 CGCACTGCACT 
                 80 
                 GCCAAGGCCCA 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AAGGCCATT 
                   
                 TAATAGCCATG 
                 1282 
                 1302 
                 1418 
                 1440 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 81 
                 CACACACCTGG 
                 82 
                 CCCATAGTCCTA 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CATGGCTATTA 
                   
                 CCTGAGGAGAA 
                 1408 
                 1430 
                 1510 
                 1534 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 83 
                 CTGAAACCCTT 
                 84 
                 TTGGTTTCACA 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GGTGAAGTCCT 
                   
                 GCTGATACCCA 
                 1981 
                 2003 
                 2082 
                 2105 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 85 
                 ATCCCACCCTCC 
                 86 
                 CCCAGCCCTGT 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AAACAAAGCA 
                   
                 ATATGGATTTAT 
                 2453 
                 2475 
                 2601 
                 2627 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 CTT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 87 
                 GCTGCTGCTTTC 
                 88 
                 GGGTGCAAGTG 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGTGAGATTTT 
                   
                 GAGGAGATCTA 
                 3443 
                 3466 
                 3593 
                 3615 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 89 
                 CCCTGACATTTG 
                 90 
                 TCGGTAAGAGC 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTCTGAAGGT 
                   
                 CTTTTCTCCCT 
                 3570 
                 3592 
                 3710 
                 3732 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chr3 
                 91 
                 TCTTACCGAAAT 
                 92 
                 AAGATGAATAA 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
                 5244 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTTCCACGAGC 
                   
                 GGGCTGGCTGG 
                 3724 
                 3747 
                 3875 
                 3897 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BAP1 
                 chrX 
                 93 
                 CTTACTGAACA 
                 94 
                 GTGGGAACAGA 
                 7994 
                 7994 
                 7994 
                 7994 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTGTAACACTG 
                   
                 GCTAATATTCTC 
                 8434 
                 8462 
                 8580 
                 8608 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GAAAGA 
                   
                 AAGAG 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lineitem_ 
                   
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Chr 
                 NO 
                 Fwd_Primer* 
                 NO 
                 Rev_Primer* 
                 Start 
                 Start 
                 Stop 
                 Stop 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 BRWD3 
                 chrX 
                 95 
                 AGAGGATCCTC 
                 96 
                 CTAGAGGAGCT 
                 7993 
                 7993 
                 7993 
                 7993 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AGTGGACACAA 
                   
                 ACCAGAGCCAA 
                 2193 
                 2215 
                 2343 
                 2367 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 AC 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 BRWD3 
                 chrX 
                 97 
                 ATTGTTTTTACA 
                 98 
                 TTGATGTTAGGC 
                 7999 
                 7999 
                 7999 
                 7999 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGCCATTGCCAG 
                   
                 TGAACATGAAA 
                 1496 
                 1522 
                 1615 
                 1645 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AA 
                   
                 ACTTTTT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 COL4A5 
                 chrX 
                 99 
                 ATTAAATTCTCT 
                 100 
                 TGGGAAACCAC 
                 1078 
                 1078 
                 1078 
                 1078 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GTGGCAAACAA 
                   
                 GATCACCTTTT 
                 4989 
                 4992 
                 5004 
                 5006 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TAAGGAC 
                   
                   
                 3 
                 3 
                 5 
                 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 COL4A5 
                 chrX 
                 101 
                 CAGCTGGACAG 
                 102 
                 GTGTGTGGTAG 
                 1079 
                 1079 
                 1079 
                 1079 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AAGGGTGAA 
                   
                 CTTAGTAAGAA 
                 0980 
                 0982 
                 0991 
                 0993 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 AGAAGAT 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 COL4A5 
                 chrX 
                 103 
                 CAAAAACTGGT 
                 104 
                 TGGAGGACCAG 
                 1079 
                 1079 
                 1079 
                 1079 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TTCTCTCACACC 
                   
                 CATCTCCTTTA 
                 2488 
                 2490 
                 2503 
                 2505 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AAT 
                   
                   
                 0 
                 6 
                 2 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 COL4A5 
                 chrX 
                 105 
                 CCTCATTCTTTT 
                 106 
                 TCTCTCAGACTC 
                 1079 
                 1079 
                 1079 
                 1079 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CCTGTAGGTCCA 
                   
                 AAAGACTTTCC 
                 2924 
                 2926 
                 2938 
                 2941 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                 CT 
                 2 
                 7 
                 8 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 COL4A5 
                 chrX 
                 107 
                 CCTTGAAAGGC 
                 108 
                 TCTTGAAGCAA 
                 1079 
                 1079 
                 1079 
                 1079 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGTTTGCTATTG 
                   
                 AGTTGCAAACA 
                 3588 
                 3591 
                 3603 
                 3606 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 T 
                   
                 TTATTGA 
                 9 
                 3 
                 4 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 COL4A5 
                 chrX 
                 109 
                 CTGCTTGGAAG 
                 110 
                 CCCTAGCATCTC 
                 1079 
                 1079 
                 1079 
                 1079 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AGTTTCGTTCAG 
                   
                 TGAAGGAAGCT 
                 3855 
                 3857 
                 3870 
                 3872 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0 
                 3 
                 1 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CPEB1 
                 chr15 
                 111 
                 CCCACCTGATCT 
                 112 
                 TGGCCAATAATG 
                 8321 
                 8321 
                 8321 
                 8321 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CGACAGAAGA 
                   
                 TGCCCTTCTT 
                 5186 
                 5208 
                 5335 
                 5357 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CPEB1 
                 chr15 
                 113 
                 CACAAGAAAAT 
                 114 
                 AAGTCTGTCCG 
                 8322 
                 8322 
                 8322 
                 8322 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CCAGTGCCTCA 
                   
                 ATCCTTGCTTC 
                 1163 
                 1186 
                 1315 
                 1337 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CPEB1 
                 chr15 
                 115 
                 CTAACTGAGGG 
                 116 
                 GCTGTTGGCTG 
                 8322 
                 8322 
                 8322 
                 8322 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGCTGGAAACT 
                   
                 CAAAGAAAACT 
                 6619 
                 6641 
                 6770 
                 6793 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ERBB2 
                 chr17 
                 117 
                 GTTTGAGTGAA 
                 118  
                 GATCTCTTCCAG 
                 3787 
                 3787 
                 3787 
                 3787 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GGCATTCATGGT 
                   
                 AGTCTCAAACA 
                 1434 
                 1457 
                 1582 
                 1608 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 CTT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ERBB2 
                 chr17 
                 119 
                 CAAGAGGGTGG 
                 120 
                 GAGTGAAGGGC 
                 3787 
                 3787 
                 3787 
                 3787 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TTCCCAGAATT 
                   
                 AATGAAGGGTA 
                 5993 
                 6015 
                 6108 
                 6130 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ERBB2 
                 chr17 
                 121 
                 GGCTGGCTCCG 
                 122 
                 CAACGTAGCCA 
                 3788 
                 3788 
                 3788 
                 3788 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATGTATTTGAT 
                   
                 TCAGTCTCAGA 
                 3628 
                 3650 
                 3751 
                 3773 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lineitem_ 
                   
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Insert_  
                 Amplicon_ 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Chr 
                 NO 
                 Fwd_Primer* 
                 NO 
                 Rev_Primer* 
                 Start 
                 Start 
                 Stop 
                 Stop 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 HSP90AA1 
                 chr14 
                 123 
                 ATTACATAGTAT 
                 124 
                 CGACAAGTCTG 
                 1025 
                 1025 
                 1025 
                 1025 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AAGGCTTACCC 
                   
                 TGAAGGATCTG 
                 4842 
                 4845 
                 4854 
                 4857 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AGACCA 
                   
                 G 
                 7 
                 6 
                 9 
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 HSP90AA1 
                 chr14 
                 125 
                 CCTGATAACTTT 
                 126 
                 GTCCTTGGAATG 
                 1025 
                 1025 
                 1025 
                 1025 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CAAAATTTTGCT 
                   
                 ACTCAGTGCAT 
                 5022 
                 5026 
                 5034 
                 5036 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TTGTTGC 
                   
                   
                 9 
                 0 
                 0 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 HSP90AA1 
                 chr14 
                 127 
                 CAGACAGAAAT 
                 128 
                 CAGGTGAACCT 
                 1025 
                 1025 
                 1025 
                 1025 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TCACTCTGCAAT 
                   
                 ATGGGTCGT 
                 5159 
                 5162 
                 5175 
                 5177 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TACATAAAA 
                   
                   
                 7 
                 9 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 HSP90AA1 
                 chr14 
                 129 
                 CCCAAGAAGTT 
                 130 
                 TGAGACGTTCG 
                 1025 
                 1025 
                 1025 
                 1025 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CACACTGAAAC 
                   
                 CCTTTCAGG 
                 5249 
                 5252 
                 5264 
                 5266 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 C 
                   
                   
                 9 
                 2 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IRAK1 
                 chrX 
                 131 
                 CGCCTAGGCTCT 
                 132 
                 CCCGCAGGAGA 
                 1532 
                 1532 
                 1532 
                 1532 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CGTCACT 
                   
                 ACTCCTAC 
                 7864 
                 7866 
                 7878 
                 7880 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 4 
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IRAK1 
                 chrX 
                 133 
                 CCAGGTGTCAG 
                 134 
                 ACAGGTTTCGT 
                 1532 
                 1532 
                 1532 
                 1532 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GAGTGCTTT 
                   
                 CACCCAAACA 
                 8340 
                 8342 
                 8355 
                 8357 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 4 
                 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 135 
                 TCCGTACCCTCT 
                 136 
                 TGTCTTTCTGCC 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TTGGCTCTAG 
                   
                 TGTCTGTAATCA 
                 2382 
                 2404 
                 2516 
                 2541 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 C 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 137 
                 CCAGAAGTGTG 
                 138  
                 AGTTGACTGGC 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CGGATCCTC 
                   
                 CCTGTGTTG 
                 2621 
                 2641 
                 2768 
                 2788 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 139 
                 CCCACACACAC 
                 140 
                 CTGTCCTGGGTA 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AGATAGAGGTT 
                   
                 TGGCAGATC 
                 3786 
                 3809 
                 3917 
                 3938 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 G 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 141 
                 CCATCTGTGTCG 
                 142 
                 GTTCTCTGCCCA 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AAGCTCCTT 
                   
                 TGTGCAGAT 
                 4090 
                 4111 
                 4229 
                 4250 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 143 
                 CTCTTCTGGGTC 
                 144  
                 CCTAGCCCTGCT 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TCCACTCAAC 
                   
                 GTGGATAAAG 
                 5798 
                 5820 
                 5943 
                 5965 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 145 
                 CAGGTTGTTCAT 
                 146 
                 AGTCTTAGCATA 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTGGTCCAGAA 
                   
                 GACATGGAGGG 
                 6986 
                 7009 
                 7102 
                 7127 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 AA 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 147 
                 GCCTCACTCAG 
                 148 
                 CCTCTGCCTCTA 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GCAGTTCTTTA 
                   
                 TTCAATACTGCC 
                 7723 
                 7745 
                 7847 
                 7873 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 TA 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 149 
                 CTACTGGAGCA 
                 150 
                 GATGATGAGCG 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
                 5322 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTTGCAGAGAT 
                   
                 CCAGTGTATCA 
                 8174 
                 8196 
                 8276 
                 8298 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 18 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lineitem_ 
                   
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Chr 
                 NO 
                 Fwd_Primer* 
                 NO 
                 Rev_Primer* 
                 Start 
                 Start 
                 Stop 
                 Stop 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 151 
                 CCCGAACTTCC 
                 152 
                 CCAGAGAAGCT 
                 5323 
                 5323 
                 5323 
                 5323 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ACCAGAATAGG 
                   
                 AGACCTGAACC 
                 0683 
                 0705 
                 0807 
                 0830 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 T 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 153 
                 CCATCTTGCAGA 
                 154 
                 GAAGCAGGAGG 
                 5323 
                 5323 
                 5323 
                 5323 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TAAGCTCCTCA 
                   
                 GTTGTAGAGAA 
                 0839 
                 0862 
                 0981 
                 1004 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 G 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 155 
                 GCAAAGTTGTA 
                 156 
                 CAGGAAAATCT 
                 5323 
                 5323 
                 5323 
                 5323 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GCCTTGGTTGA 
                   
                 CTATCTCAACAG 
                 1067 
                 1089 
                 1174 
                 1201 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 CCAT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 157 
                 GAGGTCAGGCT 
                 158 
                 CCTGCATGACC 
                 5323 
                 5323 
                 5323 
                 5323 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GGCTATCAAAT 
                   
                 AAGGTGTGATT 
                 9653 
                 9675 
                 9789 
                 9811 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 159 
                 GGAGCCCACAC 
                 160 
                 GTACTGTGCCA 
                 5323 
                 5323 
                 5323 
                 5323 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGACTTGATTC 
                   
                 CATCAATGCAG 
                 9811 
                 9833 
                 9963 
                 9985 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 161 
                 ATGCCAGAGATA 
                 162 
                 GTTCCCTAGGCT 
                 5323 
                 5323 
                 5324 
                 5324 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TCTGCATTGATG 
                   
                 AAAGAAAATGA 
                 9951 
                 9976 
                 0094 
                 0124 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 T 
                   
                 CTTAAGA 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 163 
                 AGATACTAAATG 
                 164 
                 TAGCATTGAGG 
                 5324 
                 5324 
                 5324 
                 5324 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATTTGCCTAAGC 
                   
                 AAGATGTGACT 
                 0617 
                 0646 
                 0764 
                 0790 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TCACA 
                   
                 GTTG 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 165 
                 GGGAATGCTTAT 
                 166 
                 CCTAAGACCTT 
                 5324 
                 5324 
                 5324 
                 5324 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGAAGGGACAA 
                   
                 CCTGGAGAGCA 
                 4917 
                 4942 
                 5055 
                 5078 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GA 
                   
                 A 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 167 
                 GTAGCCTCATGG 
                 168 
                 CCATTTTTCTCT 
                 5324 
                 5324 
                 5324 
                 5324 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TCATCTTGGT 
                   
                 CTCCCAGATAA 
                 5003 
                 5025 
                 5151 
                 5177 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GGA 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 169 
                 TCCCTCCACCTC 
                 170 
                 TAATGAGGAGA 
                 5324 
                 5324 
                 5324 
                 5324 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AAAGCTCTAA 
                   
                 AGGACAAGGAA 
                 6280 
                 6302 
                 6406 
                 6436 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 TACAAACC 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 171 
                 GCAAGGAGCCA 
                 172 
                 CTACAGGCCTA 
                 5324 
                 5324 
                 5324 
                 5324 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATATTTTTGCCT 
                   
                 CTCCCTCACATA 
                 7043 
                 7066 
                 7194 
                 7217 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 173 
                 ACCACCAGCTC 
                 174 
                 CTTTTGGTGACT 
                 5324 
                 5325 
                 5325 
                 5325 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTAGTCTTCTC 
                   
                 TCCGGTCTTACA 
                 9997 
                 0019 
                 0144 
                 0168 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM5C 
                 chrX 
                 175 
                 CGATGGGCCTGA 
                 176 
                 GCGCCATGAGT 
                 5325 
                 5325 
                 5325 
                 5325 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TTTTCGC 
                   
                 CCTTAAGG 
                 3960 
                 3979 
                 4115 
                 4134 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM6A 
                 chrX 
                 177 
                 CCAAGCAAGAA 
                 178 
                 AGACTCATAGT 
                 4487 
                 4487 
                 4487 
                 4487 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TTCATGCACGT 
                   
                 CTGTGTTCACTT 
                 9794 
                 9816 
                 9938 
                 9966 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 TGAAC 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 KDM6A 
                 chrX 
                 179 
                 CACTGTTCATTG 
                 180 
                 AAAAAGGAACA 
                 4494 
                 4494 
                 4494 
                 4494 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GGTTCAGGCTA 
                   
                 GTCCTATTGGAT 
                 9108 
                 9131 
                 9215 
                 9245 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ATAATCC 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 19 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lineitem_ 
                   
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_  
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Chr 
                 NO 
                 Fwd_Primer* 
                 NO 
                 Rev_Primer* 
                 Start 
                 Start 
                 Stop 
                 Stop 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 LRP12 
                 chr8 
                 181 
                 ACCTCGGGTACT 
                 182 
                 AAGTTTGTTTTC 
                 1055 
                 1055 
                 1055 
                 1055 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTGAGTTGAG 
                   
                 CGTGGAGTCTG 
                 0337 
                 0339 
                 0352 
                 0354 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                 5 
                 7 
                 2 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 LRP12 
                 chr8 
                 183 
                 TCCACGGAAAA 
                 184 
                 TTCCTATGGCAG 
                 1055 
                 1055 
                 1055 
                 1055 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CAAACTTCTGTG 
                   
                 GCAGATCAAG 
                 0352 
                 0355 
                 0368 
                 0370 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                   
                 9 
                 3 
                 1 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 NCOA6 
                 chr20 
                 185 
                 CTGGGAAGTTT 
                 186 
                 CAAGGAGAGCT 
                 3332 
                 3332 
                 3332 
                 3332 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GTTAGGATCCGA 
                   
                 TGAATGTGCCT 
                 9645 
                 9669 
                 9793 
                 9815 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 NCOA6 
                 chr20 
                 187 
                 CCCAAAATGGC 
                 188 
                 GGCCATGGGAT 
                 3333 
                 3333 
                 3333 
                 3333 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTGCAGATATG 
                   
                 GTCTTTCAATG 
                 7295 
                 7317 
                 7434 
                 7456 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 NCOA6 
                 chr20  
                 189 
                 CTCCACTGAAA 
                 190 
                 GGTGATCCTGCT 
                 3333 
                 3333 
                 3333 
                 3333 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GGTGCATTGAA 
                   
                 ACTACAGCAAAT 
                 7420 
                 7443 
                 7568 
                 7594 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                 AA 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 NCOA6 
                 chr20 
                 191 
                 GCAGGGCTCAA 
                 192 
                 TTGGCTCAGAA 
                 3335 
                 3335 
                 3335 
                 3335 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATGATCAAATAA 
                   
                 CCGAAGCCAAG 
                 6193 
                 6218 
                 6343 
                 6366 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GC 
                   
                 A 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 NHS 
                 chrX 
                 193  
                 TCCAAGTAAATG 
                 194 
                 GGGATACCCGA 
                 1774 
                 1774 
                 1774 
                 1774 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AAAATTTGTTTG 
                   
                 GATGGTTTTCC 
                 2356 
                 2386 
                 2505 
                 2527 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CCATTT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 NHS 
                 chrX 
                 195 
                 ACAGCAACCCT 
                 196 
                 TCTCCTACTGTG 
                 1774 
                 1774 
                 1774 
                 1774 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTTTAAAAGATG 
                   
                 TTCTGCTTATTAT 
                 5415 
                 5441 
                 5558 
                 5588 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GAA 
                   
                 GAGTA 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 NHS 
                 chrX 
                 197 
                 ACCGTCATCCAC 
                 198 
                 CTTAACTTCTTC 
                 1774 
                 1774 
                 1774 
                 1774 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGCATGTTTT 
                   
                 AGACTTGTTGAT 
                 5537 
                 5559 
                 5657 
                 5685 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GGAC 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 RGAG1 
                 chrX  
                 199 
                 GAATGATGTCAT 
                 200 
                 AGTGTGCACAT 
                 1096 
                 1096 
                 1096 
                 1096 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CCATGCCACAA 
                   
                 GTCTCCAGAAG 
                 9633 
                 9635 
                 9648 
                 9650 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1 
                 4 
                 3 
                 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 RGAG1 
                 chrX 
                 201 
                 GTCCACATTGCA 
                 202 
                 CATGGGCATCGA 
                 1096 
                 1096 
                 1096 
                 1096 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AACCAGTGTT 
                   
                 TCCAGAAACT 
                 9680 
                 9683 
                 9694 
                 9697 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 9 
                 1 
                 9 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 RGAG1 
                 chrX 
                 203 
                 CCACATCATTTA 
                 204 
                 TGTGGTGTGGA 
                 1096 
                 1096 
                 1096 
                 1096 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGAGAGCCTCA 
                   
                 CATTGTTCCAG 
                 9692 
                 9695 
                 9708 
                 9710 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GTT 
                   
                   
                 8 
                 4 
                 0 
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 20 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lineitem_ 
                   
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Chr 
                 NO 
                 Fwd_Primer* 
                 NO 
                 Rev_Primer* 
                 Start 
                 Start 
                 Stop  
                 Stop 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 SCAF1 
                 chr19 
                 205 
                 CCATGTGTCCCA 
                 206 
                 GGGTTCGTGAG 
                 5014 
                 5014 
                 5014 
                 5014 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TTGGCTTCT 
                   
                 CAAAGGAGG 
                 5305 
                 5326 
                 5424 
                 5444 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SCAF1 
                 chr19 
                 207 
                 CGCTTTAGCTCC 
                 208 
                 ACTAGCGACCC 
                 5014 
                 5014 
                 5014 
                 5014 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GCCTCTC 
                   
                 AACTCCGC 
                 5405 
                 5424 
                 5555 
                 5574 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SCAF1 
                 chr19 
                 209 
                 GGGACCTCCAC 
                 210 
                 CTCACCAGGAT 
                 5014 
                 5014 
                 5014 
                 5014 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TCCAAACTCT 
                   
                 AAAGGCAGAAG 
                 8240 
                 8261 
                 8372 
                 8396 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 GA 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SCAF1 
                 chr19 
                 211 
                 ATGGTCCGCCA 
                 212 
                 GTGCTTCAAGG 
                 5014 
                 5014 
                 5014 
                 5014 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GACAGAGA 
                   
                 GAGCCAAGAGT 
                 8342 
                 8361 
                 8484 
                 8506 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SCAF1 
                 chr19 
                 213 
                 GCACTTGAGTCT 
                 214 
                 CCGCCATACCTT 
                 5014 
                 5014 
                 5014 
                 5014 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AGCTGTCAGT 
                   
                 TATCATTGGG 
                 8503 
                 8525 
                 8655 
                 8677 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SH3TC1 
                 chr4 
                 215 
                 CCACAGGCTTC 
                 216 
                 CAACGCTCACC 
                 8217 
                 8217 
                 8217 
                 8217 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ACTCATCACTG 
                   
                 TTCTTGGATGA 
                 832 
                 854 
                 972 
                 994 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SH3TC1 
                 chr4 
                 217 
                 CAGTGACCACC 
                 218 
                 GGCGGTGAAGA 
                 8218 
                 8218 
                 8218 
                 8218 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TCCATCCTTTT 
                   
                 GTCTGTTTCC 
                 658 
                 680 
                 804 
                 825 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SH3TC1 
                 chr4 
                 219 
                 TCTGTCTGTCAA 
                 220 
                 CCTGGCATCCTC 
                 8224 
                 8224 
                 8224 
                 8224 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATCAAGGAATG 
                   
                 CTCAGAAAAG 
                 473 
                 500 
                 623 
                 645 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GAAA 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TBC1D8 
                 chrX 
                 221 
                 ATGAGATACATC 
                 222 
                 CATATCAGTCAT 
                 1060 
                 1060 
                 1060 
                 1060 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AGCATGCTAATA 
                   
                 GTGTTCTGTCA 
                 9316 
                 9319 
                 9330 
                 9333 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GAAGTG 
                   
                 GCT 
                 0 
                 0 
                 8 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TBC1D8B 
                 chrX 
                 223 
                 AGCAGACATGG 
                 224 
                 CAGTCAATCTG 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TTTTTAAAATCT 
                   
                 ATACTGTTCCAA 
                 0894 
                 0897 
                 0909 
                 0912 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TCCAAA 
                   
                 ATATGG 
                 6 
                 5 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TBC1D8B 
                 chrX 
                 225 
                 CCATATTTGGAA 
                 226 
                 TACCAATTGCA 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CAGTATCAGATT 
                   
                 GAGGAGAATTC 
                 0909 
                 0912 
                 0923 
                 0926 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GACTG 
                   
                 TTTGAA 
                 2 
                 1 
                 8 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TBC1D8B 
                 chrX 
                 227 
                 TGGAAGGAAAC 
                 228 
                 CAACAGCGATG 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TACATAGCCCTA 
                   
                 CAAGAATCTGT 
                 1691 
                 1694 
                 1707 
                 1709 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CA 
                   
                 T 
                 9 
                 4 
                 0 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TET2 
                 chr4 
                 229 
                 TAACTGCAGTG 
                 230 
                 AGTTCACCATG 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GGCCTGAAAAT 
                   
                 TGTGTGTTCCA 
                 5560 
                 5562 
                 5575 
                 5577 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 6 
                 8 
                 1 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TET2 
                 chr4 
                 231 
                 CCTGTGATGCTG 
                 232 
                 AATTCTTCACCA 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATGATGCTGATA 
                   
                 GACGCTAGCTT 
                 5598 
                 5600 
                 5613 
                 5615 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 3 
                 7 
                 1 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TET2 
                 chr4 
                 233 
                 GGAAAAAGCAC 
                 234 
                 GCCTTTCAGAA 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TCTGAATGGTG 
                   
                 AGCATCGGAGA 
                 5636 
                 5638 
                 5651 
                 5653 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GA 
                   
                 A 
                 3 
                 7 
                 4 
                 7 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 21 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lineitem_ 
                   
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Chr 
                 NO 
                 Fwd_Primer* 
                 NO 
                 Rev_Primer* 
                 Start 
                 Start 
                 Stop 
                 Stop 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 TET2 
                 chr4 
                 235 
                 AACTGCCAGCA 
                 236 
                 TTACGTTTTAGA 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GTTGATGAGAA 
                   
                 TGGGATTCCGCT 
                 5668 
                 5670 
                 5681 
                 5684 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 T 
                 1 
                 3 
                 9 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TET2 
                 chr4 
                 237 
                 CACCAAGCGGA 
                 238 
                 AGCTGTGTTGTT 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATCCCATCTAA 
                   
                 TTCTGGGTGTA 
                 5681 
                 5683 
                 5695 
                 5697 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 6 
                 8 
                 6 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TET2 
                 chr4 
                 239 
                 AAACACAACCA 
                 240 
                 CCATGAAAACA 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TCCCAGAGTTC 
                   
                 TTCTTCCACTTT 
                 5728 
                 5730 
                 5743 
                 5745 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                 AGTCTG 
                 5 
                 8 
                 0 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TET2 
                 chr4 
                 241 
                 GGGTCACTGCAT 
                 242 
                 GCAGTGTGAGA 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GTTTGGACTT 
                   
                 ACAGACTCAAC 
                 9083 
                 9085 
                 9093 
                 9095 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 AG 
                 1 
                 3 
                 2 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TET2 
                 chr4 
                 243 
                 AAGTCTCTGAC 
                 244 
                 GAAAGCTTTTC 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GTGGATGAGTTT 
                   
                 AGCTGCAGCTT 
                 9380 
                 9382 
                 9395 
                 9397 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 G 
                   
                   
                 3 
                 7 
                 5 
                 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TET2 
                 chr4 
                 245 
                 AGGTTTGGAAAT 
                 246 
                 ATCTAGAGGTG 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
                 1061 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AGCCAGAGTTTT 
                   
                 GCTCCCATGAA 
                 9671 
                 9673 
                 9686 
                 9688 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ACA 
                   
                   
                 1 
                 8 
                 3 
                 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TEX13A 
                 chrX 
                 247 
                 TCGAGATATACA 
                 248 
                 CTCATCAGCAA 
                 1044 
                 1044 
                 1044 
                 1044 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGCTTCGGTTCT 
                   
                 AGACCTCCAGT 
                 6360 
                 6363 
                 6375 
                 6377 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATTTTG 
                   
                 A 
                 5 
                 5 
                 6 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TEX13A 
                 chrX 
                 249 
                 GGGTTCGTGGTT 
                 250 
                 CCTCCATGGAG 
                 1044 
                 1044 
                 1044 
                 1044 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CCAGAGAAAT 
                   
                 ACCACAGAGAA 
                 6402 
                 6405 
                 6415 
                 6417 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 8 
                 0 
                 6 
                 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TEX13A 
                 chrX 
                 251 
                 TCTCTCCAGCTT 
                 252 
                 CTGCTGGAGGA 
                 1044 
                 1044 
                 1044 
                 1044 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CTCTGTGGT 
                   
                 AAAGGAGCAGA 
                 6414 
                 6416 
                 6429 
                 6431 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 7 
                 8 
                 6 
                 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ULK3 
                 chr15 
                 253 
                 GCCTGAAGAGA 
                 254 
                 CCAAGAAAAGT 
                 7513 
                 7513 
                 7513 
                 7513 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GTGTCCCTTCT 
                   
                 CTGAACAAGGC 
                 4560 
                 4582 
                 4700 
                 4724 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 AT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 WNK3 
                 chrX 
                 255 
                 GCTGAAGAGAA 
                 256 
                 CCTGGCTTCTTC 
                 5427 
                 5427 
                 5427 
                 5427 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GGAGGAGACTG 
                   
                 AGTCAATAAGG 
                 6466 
                 6489 
                 6610 
                 6640 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                 TAAATAA 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 WNK3 
                 chrX 
                 257 
                 GAAACTTGCTG 
                 258 
                 GGCAGGAGCTG 
                 5431 
                 5431 
                 5431 
                 5431 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GTAATGTCCTAC 
                   
                 CATCAGTTATA 
                 9571 
                 9598 
                 9722 
                 9744 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TAGT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 WNK3 
                 chrX 
                 259 
                 GTGCTGCTGTG 
                 260 
                 GGGATTCTCAG 
                 5432 
                 5432 
                 5432 
                 5432 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GTTTTCTTTGTA 
                   
                 TGCAAGTCTATG 
                 1002 
                 1025 
                 1135 
                 1159 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 G 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 22 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                 SEQ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lineitem_ 
                   
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 ID 
                 Ion_AmpliSeq_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Insert_ 
                 Amplicon_ 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Chr 
                 NO 
                 Fwd_ Primer* 
                 NO 
                 Rev_Primer* 
                 Start 
                 Stop 
                 Start 
                 Stop 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ARSF 
                 chrX 
                 261 
                 GTGCATGACGA 
                 262 
                 ACGACTGACGA 
                 2990 
                 2990 
                 2990 
                 2990 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 CAAGCCTAATAT 
                   
                 ACGTATGACTG 
                 128 
                 153 
                 234 
                 256 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TG 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CFPX 
                 chrX 
                 263 
                 GCTGTAGCAGT 
                 264 
                 ACATGAAGTCC 
                 4748 
                 4748 
                 4748 
                 4748 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GCCGGATAT 
                   
                 ATCAGCTGTCA 
                 5743 
                 5763 
                 5843 
                 5867 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 AG 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CFP 
                 chrX 
                 265 
                 CCGGGATTTCTT 
                 266 
                 TGATTCCCTGCT 
                 4748 
                 4748 
                 4748 
                 4748 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GACAGCTGAT 
                   
                 TTGGTCCAATC 
                 5835 
                 5857 
                 5940 
                 5963 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CFP 
                 chrX 
                 267 
                 CCCACTCTGAG 
                 268 
                 GAATGGGCAGT 
                 4748 
                 4748 
                 4748 
                 4748 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GACCTCTGTA 
                   
                 GCTCTGGAA 
                 7417 
                 7438 
                 7563 
                 7583 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CFP 
                 chrX 
                 269 
                 GGCAAAGGCAG 
                 270 
                 GTGTCCAGGCC 
                 4748 
                 4748 
                 4748 
                 4748 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGTTGAGAC 
                   
                 CACCACAT 
                 8961 
                 8981 
                 9116 
                 9135 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 FAM47A 
                 chrX 
                 271 
                 ACTGGATCTCCG 
                 272 
                 GAGACTGGAGT 
                 3414 
                 3414 
                 3414 
                 3414 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ACGAGTGAT 
                   
                 GTCCCATCTAAG 
                 9619 
                 9640 
                 9760 
                 9783 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 JADE3 
                 chrX 
                 273 
                 ACGCCATTGCCA 
                 274 
                 TCCACTCTCACT 
                 4688 
                 4688 
                 4688 
                 4688 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGAAAATATGAA 
                   
                 AACCTGATGCA 
                 7346 
                 7371 
                 7497 
                 7520 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 C 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 JADE3 
                 chrX 
                 275 
                 CCATTCTAGGAG 
                 276 
                 GCCATTGGATTT 
                 4691 
                 4691 
                 4691 
                 4691 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TGAAGCAAAGG 
                   
                 GGCAAACTTG 
                 7837 
                 7861 
                 7989 
                 8011 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 A 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ZNF449 
                 chrX 
                 277 
                 GGAGCTGAACT 
                 278 
                 CATTGAGTAATT 
                 1344 
                 1344 
                 1344 
                 1344 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ATGGTGCTACT 
                   
                 GGTGTTTCTAAC 
                 8319 
                 8321 
                 8330 
                 8333 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 CCAAC 
                 0 
                 2 
                 7 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SCRN1 
                 chr7 
                 279 
                 TTTTGCTGGTAA 
                 280 
                 CCTGGAAGCCA 
                 2996 
                 2996 
                 2996 
                 2996 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 TTTAGTAAGGTG 
                   
                 TGGAAGAAATC 
                 3511 
                 3539 
                 3658 
                 3681 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GGAA 
                   
                 C 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SCRN1 
                 chr7 
                 281 
                 AGGGTATGAGA 
                 282 
                 GAACTCAGGAG 
                 2998 
                 2998 
                 2998 
                 2998 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AGGAGAATCGT 
                   
                 TTACGCTCAGA 
                 0257 
                 0281 
                 0408 
                 0430 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GA 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     To verify whether the mutations of the genes were detected using the constructed primer sets, the gene mutations verified in Example 2 and a DNA test samples derived from wild-type kidney cancer cells were amplified. Specifically, each of the gene mutations and the DNA test samples used as the test sample was amplified using a primer set corresponding to each of the test samples, respectively. Thereafter, the amplified chips were scanned using a scanner and application program, and analyzed using quantitative analysis software. 
     As a result, it can be seen that the mutations of the genes of Examples 2 and 3 were detected using the primer sets constructed in Example 4. On the other hand, the mutations were not detected in the test samples derived from the kidney cancer cells as the control. As described above, because the mutations of genes selected from a gene group consisting of ACSS3, ADAM21, AFF2, ALG13, BAP1, BRWD3, COL4A5, CPEB1, ERBB2, HSP90AA1, IRAK1, KDMSC, KDM6A, LRP12, NCOA6, NHS, RGAG1, SCAF1, SH3TC1, TBC1D8B, TET2, TEX13A, ULK3, WNK3, ARSF, CFP, FAM47A, PHF16, ZNF449, and SCRN1 were detectable using the primer sets listed in Tables 14 to 22, it was possible to predict the overall survival Kaplan-Meier estimates and disease-free survival Kaplan-Meier estimates of the patients with kidney cancer in which the genes were mutated, thereby effectively designing a therapeutic strategy for kidney cancer. 
     Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described for the purpose of illustration only, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.