Patent Publication Number: US-4549603-A

Title: Heat exchanging device with heat exchanging plates

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a parallel plate heat exchanger for cooling large transformers. 
     Referring to FIGS. 1-3 which illustrate a conventional heat exchanger, a heat generating unit 1 such as a transformer is mounted within an enclosure or housing 2 having a sidewall 2a. The heat exchanger 3 comprises parallel metallic plates 5, plenums 8 and connecting tubes 9. The plates 5 are each formed by overlying a pair of plates 51 as shown in FIG. 2, welding along lines 6, and expanding the space between the plates 51 with compressed air. Openings 7 are provided at the top and bottom of each plate. The enclosure 2, the plenums 8, the tubes 9 and the plates 5 are filled with a heat conveying fluid 4. The adjacent folded ends 5a of the plates 5 are welded together to form the parallel plate unit. 
     The plenums 8 communicate with the openings 7, and the tubes 9 communicate between the interior of the housing 2 and the plenums at the top and bottom of the sidewall 2a. Heat generated by the unit is dissipated through the plates 5 in a well known manner by the convection flow of the fluid 4 through the upper tube 9, the upper plenum 8, the plates 5, the lower plenum 8, and back through the lower tube 9 into the housing 2. 
     In such a conventional heat exchanger the cooling efficiency is reduced by the low fluid flow velocity due to the relatively large resistance and complex flow path defined by the plenums 8 and tubes 9. 
     The length L of each plate 5 must be at least twice the diameter D of the tubes 9 or the height D of the plenums 8, but shorter than the height H of the enclosure 2. The radiating surface S of the heat exchanger 3 may be expressed as S=nwL, where n, w and L indicate the number of plates 5, the width of each plate and the length of each plate 5, respectively. The width w or the number n of plates must thus increase, and attendantly the mass of the heat exchanger, as the length of the plates decreases. 
     In stamping out the plates 51 from blanks 11 (FIG. 3), the four corners 10 are discarded, and this increases the cost of the heat exchanger. Further, when the heated air rises up between the plates 5, its smooth flow path is disturbed by the obstacles represented by the plenums and tubes, and this lowers the cooling efficiency and capacity of the unit. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of this invention to provide a new and improved heat exchanger which has increased cooling efficiency, decreased mass, and which is less costly to manufacture. 
     This object is accomplished by providing a heat exchanger having flanged upper and lower manifolds mounted directly on the housing sidewall, which are joined to the parallel heat exchanging plates at upper and lower corner openings thereof. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In the drawings: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional heat exchanger; 
     FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the plate unit used in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a plan view of a metal blank from which the plate members are stamped out; 
     FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one embodiment of this invention; 
     FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view of a corner of a plate used in FIG. 4; 
     FIG. 6 is a partial view of a connection manifold as seen from inside the transformer housing, and 
     FIG. 7 is a sectional view along line VII--VII in FIG. 6. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     In accordance with the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 4 through 7, a metallic plate 12 is formed by overlaying two plates 121 and welding along lines 6 as shown in FIG. 5, and then expanding the space between the plates with compressed air to form the fluid flow passages. Each rectangular plate 12 has openings 13 at its upper and lower corners. Upper and lower connection manifolds 14, 15 having flanges 14a, 15a are welded to rectangular openings in the sidewall 2a of the housing 2. Openings 16 in the outer walls of the manifolds and the openings 13 of the plates are matingly configured, and are joined together in a fluid tight manner as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, for example by welding. 
     The fluid 4 heated by the unit 1 circulates through the upper manifold 14, the upper openings 13 of the plates 12, the flow passages within the plates, the lower openings 13 of the plates, the lower manifold 15, and back into the housing 2. The heat carried by the fluid is released into the surrounding atmosphere from the plates 12. 
     The connection manifolds 14, 15 directly communicate between the housing 2 and the plate unit 3 to form simple and low resistance passages for the fluid medium, and the height L of the plates is greater than the plate height in the conventional unit of FIGS. 1-3. This increased cooling efficiency allows the number of plates or the width of the plates to be reduced, which decreases the overall mass of the unit. The shape of the plates is simplified in comparison with the prior art, and they can be easily maufactured without any significant material waste. The number of parts of the heat exchanger is reduced which further lowers the manufacturing cost, and the air flow up through the plates is smooth and free of any obstructions. 
     In the above description the metallic plates are formed by welding a pair of plates together and expanding them with compressed air, but they may also be made by first press-shaping the halves and then welding them together.