Patent Publication Number: US-2022231742-A1

Title: Beam management using synchronization signals through channel feedback framework

Description:
CROSS REFERENCES 
     The present Application for Patent is a continuation of U.S. patent application No. 16/673,530 by Subramanian et al., entitled “Beam Management Using Synchronization Signals Through Channel Feedback Framework” filed Nov. 4, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application No. 15/943,586 by Subramanian, et al., entitled “Beam Management Using Synchronization Signals Through Channel Feedback Framework” filed Apr. 2, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/481,658 by Subramanian et al., entitled “Beam Management Using Synchronization Signals Through Channel Feedback Framework,” filed Apr. 4, 2017, assigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly incorporated herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The following relates generally to wireless communication, and more specifically to beam management using synchronization signals (SSs) through channel feedback framework. 
     Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, (e.g., a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a New Radio (NR) system). A wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations or access network nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE). 
     In some wireless communications systems (e.g., systems supporting millimeter wave (mmW) communications), beamforming may be used in order to overcome the relatively high path losses associated with frequencies in these systems. In order to support beamformed transmissions, communicating wireless devices (e.g., a base station and UE) may be operable to discover and maintain suitable beams for a given communication link. The set of procedures and protocols required for this task may be referred to as beam management. As an example, beam management may be based on a UE observing beamformed downlink signals and reporting one or more performance metrics for the respective beamformed signals to the base station. For example, channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) associated with multiple transmission beams may be provided and channel state feedback may include reports indicating channel information for the best transmission beams. Improvements in providing channel feedback based on transmission beams from a base station may be desired. 
     SUMMARY 
     The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, or apparatuses that support beam management using synchronization signals (SSs) through channel feedback framework. In aspects of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may report metrics (e.g., received signal power, beam identifier) about SS beams following the same framework used for channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) reporting. Because some wireless systems (e.g., mmW systems) employ beamformed directional transmissions (e.g., of SSs and other signals) to overcome path loss complications, considerations for efficient reporting of beamformed signal properties (i.e., beam management) may benefit the system. Accordingly, beam management may be achieved at least in part based on reporting one or more metrics of beamformed SSs through a channel feedback framework. 
     A method of wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include identifying a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a channel state information (CSI) framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by a base station using a first set of transmission beams, performing first channel measurements for the set of SS blocks, and reporting, to the base station, a first resource indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks based on the first channel measurements. 
     An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to identify a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by a base station using a first set of transmission beams, perform first channel measurements for the set of SS blocks, and report, to the base station, a first resource indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks based on the first channel measurements. 
     Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include means for identifying a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by a base station using a first set of transmission beams, means for performing first channel measurements for the set of SS blocks, and means for reporting, to the base station, a first resource indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks based on the first channel measurements. 
     A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to identify a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by a base station using a first set of transmission beams, perform first channel measurements for the set of SS blocks, and report, to the base station, a first resource indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks based on the first channel measurements. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, identifying the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration from the base station. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, reporting may include operations, features, means, or instructions for reporting a channel metric associated with the at least one of the set of SS blocks. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the reporting occurs periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically as identified by the first reporting configuration. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, reporting aperiodically occurs based on a trigger, where the trigger may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a reporting indicator in a downlink control information message or identifying a triggering event based on the first channel measurements. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, reporting may include operations, features, means, or instructions for reporting an indicator of an antenna port for at least one of the set of SS blocks. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining a second feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to the CSI framework, where the second feedback resource set and reporting configuration identifies a set of resources associated with a CSI-RS transmitted by a base station using a second set of transmission beams, performing second channel measurements for the CSI-RS and reporting according to the second reporting configuration, to the base station based on the second channel measurements, at least one channel metric for at least one of the set of resources associated with the CSI-RS and a second resource indicator of the at least one of the set of resources. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the set of SS blocks includes a subset of SS blocks of the SS burst. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a waveform for the set of SS blocks for performing the first channel measurements based on decoding at least one SS block of the SS burst. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first feedback resource set configuration includes a spatial quasi-colocation indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks, an indicator of resources for the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a duration of the SS burst, an indicator of antenna ports associated with the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a number of SS blocks of the SS burst, an indicator of a channel metric for reporting for the set of SS blocks, or a combination thereof. 
     A method of wireless communication at a base station is described. The method may include configuring, for a UE, a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by the base station using a first set of transmission beams, receiving, from the UE, a first resource indicator of at least one of the set of SS blocks, and determining a characteristic of a transmission beam for a data or control transmission to the UE based on the first resource indicator. 
     An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to configure, for a UE, a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by the base station using a first set of transmission beams, receive, from the UE, a first resource indicator of at least one of the set of SS blocks, and determine a characteristic of a transmission beam for a data or control transmission to the UE based on the first resource indicator. 
     Another apparatus for wireless communication at a base station is described. The apparatus may include means for configuring, for a UE, a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by the base station using a first set of transmission beams, means for receiving, from the UE, a first resource indicator of at least one of the set of SS blocks, and means for determining a characteristic of a transmission beam for a data or control transmission to the UE based on the first resource indicator. 
     A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a base station is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to configure, for a UE, a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by the base station using a first set of transmission beams, receive, from the UE, a first resource indicator of at least one of the set of SS blocks, and determine a characteristic of a transmission beam for a data or control transmission to the UE based on the first resource indicator. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a channel metric associated with the at least one of the set of SS blocks. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving an indicator of an antenna port for the at least one of the set of SS blocks. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration includes an indication for periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic reporting, a spatial quasi-colocation indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks, an indicator of resources for the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a duration of the SS burst, an indicator of antenna ports associated with the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a number of SS blocks of the SS burst, an indicator of a channel metric for reporting for the set of SS blocks, or a combination thereof. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the set of SS blocks includes a subset of SS blocks of the SS burst. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for configuring, for the UE, a second feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to the CSI framework, where the second feedback resource set and reporting configuration identifies a set of resources associated with a CSI-RS transmitted by the base station using a second set of transmission beams and receiving, from the UE, at least one channel metric for at least one of the set of resources associated with the CSI-RS and a second resource indicator of the at least one of the set of resources, where the determining the characteristic of the transmission beam may be based on the at least one channel metric. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a system for wireless communication that supports beam management using synchronization signals (SSs) through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an example of a configuration message that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example of a process flow that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 5 through 7  show block diagrams of a device that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a block diagram of a system including a user equipment (UE) that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 9 through 11  show block diagrams of a device that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a block diagram of a system including a base station that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 13 and 14  illustrate methods that support beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework for in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Some wireless communications systems employ beamforming in order to overcome communication range limitations that result from relatively high path losses associated with frequencies in the system. To support these beamformed transmissions, communicating devices may periodically measure one or more metrics associated with one or more beamformed transmissions, a process which is a part of beam management. For example, beam management may include beam selection and switching, beam recovery, beam optimization, and the like. For example, a base station may select a more suitable beam when a previously selected beam becomes obsolete (e.g., because of movement of the devices or some other factor affecting the communications). Because synchronization signals (SSs) are intended to be broadcast across a wide coverage area in a beamformed manner, the SSs represent a promising complement to existing beam management techniques. Accordingly, and as described further below, SSs may assist beam management through the channel feedback framework. 
     Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of a wireless communications system. Aspects of the disclosure are then illustrated by and described with reference to configuration messages and process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to beam-aware handover procedure for multi-beam access systems. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a wireless communications system  100  in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system  100  includes base stations  105 , user equipments (UEs)  115 , and a core network  130 . In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, or a 5G new radio (NR) network. In some cases, wireless communications system  100  may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (i.e., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, and communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices. Wireless communications system  100  may support the efficient use of resources by enabling SS reporting for beam management through reuse of the channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) reporting framework. 
     Base stations  105  may wirelessly communicate with UEs  115  via one or more base station antennas. Each base station  105  may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area  110 . Communication links  125  shown in wireless communications system  100  may include uplink transmissions from a UE  115  to a base station  105 , or downlink transmissions, from a base station  105  to a UE  115 . Control information and data may be multiplexed on an uplink channel or downlink channel according to various techniques. Control information and data may be multiplexed on a downlink channel, for example, using time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. In some examples, the control information transmitted during a transmission time interval (TTI) of a downlink channel may be distributed between different control regions in a cascaded manner (e.g., between a common control region and one or more UE-specific control regions). 
     UEs  115  may be dispersed throughout the wireless communications system  100 , and each UE  115  may be stationary or mobile. A UE  115  may also be referred to as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. A UE  115  may also be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a personal electronic device, a handheld device, a personal computer, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, a machine type communication (MTC) device, an appliance, an automobile, or the like. 
     In some cases, a UE  115  may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs  115  (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or device-to-device (D2D) protocol). One or more of a group of UEs  115  utilizing D2D communications may be within the coverage area  110  of a cell. Other UEs  115  in such a group may be outside the coverage area  110  of a cell, or otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station  105 . 
     In some cases, groups of UEs  115  communicating via D 2 D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each UE  115  transmits to every other UE  115  in the group. In some instances, a base station  105  facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications are carried out independently of a base station  105 . 
     Some UEs  115 , such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices, and may provide for automated communication between machines, i.e., Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. M2M or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a base station  105  without human intervention. For example, M2M or MTC may refer to communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay that information to a central server or application program that can make use of the information or present the information to humans interacting with the program or application. Some UEs  115  may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging. 
     Base stations  105  may communicate with the core network  130  and with one another. For example, base stations  105  may interface with the core network  130  through backhaul links  132  (e.g., S1, S2). Base stations  105  may communicate with one another over backhaul links  134  (e.g., X1, X2) either directly or indirectly (e.g., through core network  130 ). Base stations  105  may perform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with UEs  115 , or may operate under the control of a base station controller (not shown). In some examples, base stations  105  may be macro cells, small cells, hot spots, or the like. Base stations  105  may also be referred to as eNodeBs (eNBs)  105 , next generation NodeBs (gNBs)  105 , etc. 
     In some cases, wireless communications system  100  may be a packet-based network that operate according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may in some cases perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARD) to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE  115  and a base station  105 , or core network  130  supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the physical layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels. 
     Wireless communications system  100  may support operation on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to as carrier aggregation (CA) or multi-carrier operation. A carrier may also be referred to as a component carrier (CC), a layer, a channel, etc. The terms “carrier,” “component carrier,” and “channel” may be used interchangeably herein. A UE  115  may be configured with multiple downlink CCs and one or more uplink CCs for CA. CA may be used with both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) CC. 
     In some cases, wireless communications system  100  may utilize enhanced component carriers (eCCs). An eCC may be characterized by one or more features including wider bandwidth, shorter symbol duration, shorter TTIs, and modified control channel configuration. In some cases, an eCC may be associated with a carrier aggregation configuration or a dual connectivity configuration (e.g., when multiple serving cells have a suboptimal or non-ideal backhaul link). An eCC may also be configured for use in unlicensed spectrum or shared spectrum (where more than one operator is allowed to use the spectrum). An eCC characterized by wide bandwidth may include one or more segments that may be utilized by UEs  115  that are not capable of monitoring the whole bandwidth or prefer to use a limited bandwidth (e.g., to conserve power). 
     In some cases, an eCC may utilize a different symbol duration than other CCs, which may include use of a reduced symbol duration as compared with symbol durations of the other CCs. A shorter symbol duration may be associated with increased subcarrier spacing. A TTI in an eCC may include one or multiple symbols. In some cases, the TTI duration (that is, the number of symbols in a TTI) may be variable. In some instances, an eCC may utilize a different symbol duration than other CCs, which may include use of a reduced symbol duration as compared with symbol durations of the other CCs. A shorter symbol duration is associated with increased subcarrier spacing. A device, such as a UE  115  or base station  105 , utilizing eCCs may transmit wideband signals (e.g., 20, 40, 60, 80 MHz) at reduced symbol durations (e.g., 16.67 microseconds). A TTI in eCC may include one or multiple symbols. In some cases, the TTI duration (that is, the number of symbols in a TTI) may be variable. 
     A shared radio frequency spectrum band may be utilized in an NR shared spectrum system. For example, an NR shared spectrum may utilize any combination of licensed, shared, and unlicensed spectrums, among others. The flexibility of eCC symbol duration and subcarrier spacing may allow for the use of eCC across multiple spectrums. In some examples, NR shared spectrum may increase spectrum utilization and spectral efficiency, specifically through dynamic vertical (e.g., across frequency) and horizontal (e.g., across time) sharing of resources. 
     In some cases, wireless system  100  may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, wireless system  100  may employ LTE License Assisted Access (LTE-LAA) or LTE Unlicensed (LTE U) radio access technology or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, wireless devices such as base stations  105  and UEs  115  may employ listen-before-talk (LBT) procedures to ensure the channel is clear before transmitting data. In some cases, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a CA configuration in conjunction with CCs operating in a licensed band. Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, or both. Duplexing in unlicensed spectrum may be based on FDD, TDD, or a combination of both. 
     Wireless communications system  100  may operate in an ultra-high frequency (UHF) region using frequency bands from 300 MHz to 3 GHz. This region may also be known as the decimeter band, since the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may propagate mainly by line of sight, and may be blocked by buildings and environmental features. However, the waves may penetrate walls sufficiently to provide service to UEs  115  located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves is characterized by smaller antennas and shorter range (e.g., less than 100 km) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies (and longer waves) of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum. Wireless communications system  100  may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, otherwise known as the centimeter band. In some cases, wireless communication system  100  may also utilize extremely high frequency (EHF) portions of the spectrum (e.g., from 25 GHz to 300 GHz), also known as the millimeter band. Systems that use this region may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW) systems. Thus, EHF antennas may be even smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some cases, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a UE  115  (e.g., for directional beamforming). However, EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than UHF transmissions. Techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions. 
     Wireless communications system  100  may support mmW communications between UEs  115  and base stations  105 . Devices operating in mmW, SHF, or EHF bands may have multiple antennas to allow beamforming. That is, a base station  105  may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE  115 . Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering or directional transmission) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitter (e.g., a base station  105 ) to shape and/or steer an overall antenna beam in the direction of a target receiver (e.g., a UE  115 ). This may be achieved by combining elements in an antenna array in such a way that transmitted signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. For example, base station  105  may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station  105  may use for beamforming in its communication with UE  115 . Signals may be transmitted multiple times in different directions (e.g., each transmission may be beamformed differently). A mmW receiver (e.g., a UE  115 ) may try multiple beams (e.g., antenna subarrays) while receiving the SSs. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems use a transmission scheme between a transmitter (e.g., a base station  105 ) and a receiver (e.g., a UE  115 ), where both transmitter and receiver are equipped with multiple antennas. 
     In some cases, the antennas of a base station  105  or UE  115  may be located within one or more antenna arrays, which may support beamforming or MIMO operation. One or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be collocated at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some cases, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station  105  may be located in diverse geographic locations. A base station  105  may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE  115 . 
     MIMO wireless systems use a transmission scheme between a transmitter (e.g., a base station  105 ) and a receiver (e.g., a UE  115 ), where both transmitter and receiver are equipped with multiple antennas. Some portions of wireless communications system  100  may use beamforming. For example, base station  105  may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station  105  may use for beamforming in its communication with UE  115 . Signals may be transmitted multiple times in different directions (e.g., each transmission may be beamformed differently). A mmW receiver (e.g., a UE  115 ) may try multiple beams (e.g., antenna subarrays) while receiving SSs (e.g., or other reference signals such as CSI-RS). Each of these beams may be referred to as a receive beam in aspects of the present disclosure. 
     In some cases, the antennas of a base station  105  or UE  115  may be located within one or more antenna arrays, which may support beamforming or MIMO operation. One or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be collocated at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some cases, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station  105  may be located in diverse geographic locations. A base station  105  may multiple use antennas or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE  115 . 
     Synchronization (e.g., cell acquisition) may be performed using SSs or channels transmitted by a synchronization source (e.g., a base station  105 ). A base station may transmit SS blocks containing discovery reference signals. SS blocks may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). A UE  115  attempting to access a wireless network may perform an initial cell search by detecting a PSS from a base station  105 . The PSS may enable synchronization of symbol timing and may indicate a physical layer identity value. The PSS may be utilized to acquire timing and frequency as well as a physical layer identifier. The UE  115  may then receive an SSS. The SSS may enable radio frame synchronization, and may provide a cell group identity value, which may be combined with the physical layer identifier to form the physical cell identifier (PCID) which identifies the cell. The SSS may also enable detection of a duplexing mode and a cyclic prefix (CP) length. An SSS may be used to acquire other system information (e.g., subframe index). The PBCH may be used to acquire additional system information needed for acquisition (e.g., bandwidth, frame index). 
     In some cases, SS blocks may be transmitted in a beamformed manner. Because a base station may not know the locations of devices attempting to synchronize with a cell, SS blocks may be successively transmitted in a beam swept manner, as described further below. In aspects of the present disclosure, the decoded waveforms of the SS blocks may effectively serve as reference signals and be used to indicate the quality of a given beam pair link. Accordingly, a UE  115  may receive a beamformed SS block and report information based on measurements of the received SS block relative to the decoded waveform to the base station  105 . The base station  105  may in turn use the reported information for a variety of purposes (e.g., scheduling, transmission power control). Various configurations for reporting information (e.g., which metrics to report, which beams to measure, periodicity of measurements, periodicity of reports) are considered herein. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a wireless communications system  200  that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless communications system  200  includes a base station  105 - a  and a UE  115 - a,  each of which may be an example of the corresponding device described with reference to  FIG. 1 . 
     Wireless communications system  200  may operate in frequency ranges that are associated with beamformed transmissions between base station  105 - a  and UE  115 - a.  For example, wireless communication system  200  may operate using mmW frequency ranges. As a result, signal processing techniques, such as beamforming may be used to combine energy coherently and overcome path losses. 
     By way of example, base station  105 - a  may contain multiple antennas. In some cases, each antenna may transmit a phase-shifted version of a signal such that the phase-shifted versions constructively interfere in certain regions and destructively interfere in others. Weights may be applied to the various phase-shifted versions, e.g., in order to steer the transmissions in a desired direction. Such techniques (or similar techniques) may serve to increase the coverage area  110 - a  of the base station  105 - a  or otherwise benefit the wireless communications system  200 . 
     Transmit beams  205 - a  and  205 - b  represent examples of beams over which information may be transmitted. Accordingly, each transmit beam  205  may be directed from base station  105 - a  toward a different region of the coverage area  110 - a  and in some cases, two or more beams  205  may overlap. Transmit beams  205 - a  and  205 - b  may be transmitted simultaneously or at different times. In either case, a UE  115 - a  may be capable of receiving one or more transmit beams  205  via respective receive beams  210 - a,    210 - b.    
     In one example, UE  115 - a  may form one or more receive beams  210 - a,    210 - b.  Similar to base station  105 - a,  UE  115 - a  may contain multiple antennas. The receive beams  210 - a,    210   b  may each receive one of the transmit beams  205 - a  and  205   b  (e.g., UE  115 - a  may be positioned within wireless communication systems  200  such that UE  115 - a  receives both beamformed transmit beams  205 ). Such a scheme may be referred to as a receive-diversity scheme. In some cases, the receive beams  210  may receive a single transmit beam  205 - a  (e.g., receive beam  210 - a  may receive the transmit beam  205 - a  with various pathloss and multipath effects included). That is, each antenna of UE  115 - a  may receive the transmit beam  205 - a  which has experienced different path losses or phase shifts (e.g., different phase shifts may be due to the different path lengths between the base station  105 - a  and the respective antennas of the UE  115 - a ) and appropriately combine the received signals that is represented by receive beam  210 . A transmit beam  205  and a corresponding receive beam  210  may in some cases be referred to as a beam pair link. Various methods for identifying a desired beam pair link are considered within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, in some cases base station  105 - a  may repeat transmissions over multiple transmit beams  205  (e.g., in every direction) and UE  115 - a  may report the strongest received beam  205  (e.g., without necessarily trying multiple receive beams  210 ). Additionally or alternatively, base station  105 - a  may transmit multiple transmit beams  205  over a small angular region (e.g., to assist a UE  115 - a  in fine-tuning the selected transmit beam  205 ). Further, in some cases, base station  105 - a  may repeat transmission of a single transmit beam (e.g., transmit beam  205 - a ) multiple times (e.g., to allow UE  115 - a  to compare multiple receive beams  210 ). 
     In some examples, transmit beams  205  may carry CSI-RS and/or SS. Base station  105 - a  may transmit to UE  115 - a  using multiple transmit beams  205 , and UE  115 - a  may use different antenna sub-arrays to create various receive beams  210 . For instance, during a cell acquisition procedure, the UE  115 - a  may receive one or more transmit beams  205  using different receive beams  210  and may determine the transmit beam  205  and receive beam  210  pairing that has the strongest signal (i.e., has the highest measured signal strength or highest signal to noise ratio (SNR)). Throughout communications, the UE  115 - a  may reassess the transmit beam  205  and receive beam  210  pairing (e.g., which may be part of beam management) based on various SS blocks and CSI-RS transmissions. 
     As described herein, the virtual antenna ports and waveforms associated with a given SS block may be referred to as a resource (e.g., such that each SS block may form a separate resource). A similar definition may apply to CSI-RS (e.g., in which the waveforms associated with a resource may stretch over a single or several symbols). Accordingly, measurements made by UE  115 - a  (e.g., reference signal receive power (RSRP), channel quality indicator (CQI)) may be made relative to a resource. In various examples, base station  105 - a  may transmit the waveforms over several resources and request that UE  115 - a  compare their performance with regard to one or more specified metrics (e.g., RSRP, SNR, CQI). A collection of resources for comparison may be referred to as a resource set. In some cases, UE  115 - a  may be asked to report one or more metrics of each resource or of a requested number of resources (e.g., the N best resources) together with their CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI). The set of transmit beams  205  (e.g., containing the SS blocks) which cover all spatially relevant directions of the cell may be referred to herein as an SS burst. An SS burst may have, for example,  128  SS blocks, and in some cases an SS burst may be partitioned into subsets of SS blocks. 
     In some instances, unified reporting for SS blocks and CSI-RS may be achieved by looking at the similarities between the SS blocks and the CSI-RS. For example, after UE  115 - a  has decoded the contents of the SS blocks, the decoded waveforms can be viewed as reference signals (e.g., similarly to the waveforms of CSI-RS). In either case, UE  115 - a  receives a known waveform over a stretch of time from a set of antenna ports of the base station  105  that are associated with a given transmit beam  205 . Accordingly, base station  105 - a  may, for example, ask UE  115 - a  about the SS block(s) associated with the transmit beam(s)  205  which are best suited for communication with the UE  115 - a.  The UE  115 - a  may report, for example, the RSRP and CRI identifying the SS block associated with the best transmit beam  205 . 
     Within the CSI-RS framework, the base station  105 - a  may provide the details of the UE  115 - a  reporting procedure for each of multiple resource sets, etc. For example, the details may specify what UE  115 - a  measures (e.g., the resources associated with a resource set) when UE  115 - a  reports (e.g., periodically, semi-persistently, aperiodically based on a trigger, autonomously) and what metrics UE  115 - a  should report (e.g., CQI, RSRP, SNR). A resource set may be configured including resources of the SS burst, and the base station  105 - a  may similarly configure the details of the UE  115 - a  reporting procedure. For example, base station  105 - a  may ask the UE  115 - a  to report periodically or based on a trigger (e.g., aperiodically). The trigger may be based on a certain downlink control information (DCI) or a certain condition (e.g., when the metric of a resource becomes better than the metric of a previously identified best resource after accounting for a certain hysteresis). 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an example of a resource set configuration  300  that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, resource set configuration  300  may be transmitted from a base station  105  to a UE  115  (e.g., via RRC signaling, a control channel). In some cases, various specifications of resources and resource sets described below may be left partially or completely predetermined (e.g., programmed into devices upon provisioning on a network, hardcoded). 
     For example, a base station  105  may configure a UE  115  for the entire CSI-RS procedure immediately after the UE  115  has accessed the system (e.g., performed a connection procedure on a cell of the system). Similarly, the base station  105  may configure the UE  115  for measuring and reporting information about beams (e.g., transmit beams and/or receive beams) associated with one or more SS blocks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. That is, after system access, the base station  105  may provide the details of what to measure and how to report with regards to the SS blocks. For example, resource set configuration  300  may include resource identification field  305 . Resource identification field  305  may define resources (e.g., SS burst, SS blocks, CSI-RS) to be measured by the UE  115 . For example, the base station  105  may indicate in the resource identification field  305  which SS blocks of an SS burst are in the resource set. This information may support the UE  115  in finding suitable receive antenna arrays and receive patterns to optimally detect the SS blocks. Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105  may indicate in the resource identification field  305  the times when the SS blocks are transmitted and the duration of SS burst. Such information may be helpful, for example, if the UE  115  is asked to monitor the SS blocks of other neighboring base stations  105  for non-synchronized cells. Finally, in some cases, the resource identification field  305  may carry information relating to a codebook of precoding matrices to determine how to linearly combine antenna ports to achieve a single or multilayer transmission of a resource set. In some cases, the number of layers may be limited by the capability of the UE  115  and the number of virtual antenna ports involved in transmitting the SS block. 
     Resource set configuration  300  may include metric identification field  310  and/or reporting configuration field  315 . For example, metric identification field  310  may specify which metrics the UE  115  is to measure relating to the transmitted SS blocks. Reporting configuration field  315  may specify how the UE  115  is to report the measured metrics (e.g., periodically, semi-persistently, aperiodically following a trigger, autonomously). Resource set configuration  300  may additionally include other fields (e.g., such that the illustrated fields are included for example purposes only). For example, resource set configuration  300  may include an indicator of which SS blocks are associated with quasi collocated (QCL) beams (e.g., beams that point into similar directions). Further, though illustrated separately for the sake of explanation, information associated with the various fields described above may in some cases be combined (e.g., such that a given metric may always be associated with periodic transmission). 
     In some cases, a base station  105  may configure a UE  115  for multiple resource set configurations  300  for concurrent operation. For example, each resource set configuration  300  may indicate different resources, and different UE  115  or groups of UEs  115  may be configured differently (e.g., based on a location within the coverage area). 
     Alternative methods of defining (e.g., and configuring) resources and resource sets are also considered. For example, in some cases SS blocks of an SS burst may be partitioned into groups (e.g., SS burst subsets), and a UE  115  may be asked to identify one or more groups of resources within the SS burst. In some examples, the groups may be communicated to the UE  115  at the time of configuration (e.g., after system access) or may be defined (e.g., by some specification). For example, such an approach may be useful if there is a large number of SS blocks and the base station  105  does not want to wait until the end of the entire SS burst before the base station  105  receives a report. Accordingly, such an approach may be associated with lower latency. 
     Also considered is an approach in which all the SS blocks of the SS burst form a single resource with multiple antenna ports. In some cases, a codebook of precoding matrices may be used such that only one or two antenna ports may be combined to form a layer. Accordingly, if RSRP is defined as the performance metric (e.g., in metric identification field  310 ), the UE  115  may automatically search for the SS block with the highest RSRP and report it (e.g., based on reporting configuration field  315 ) using the associated precoding matrix indicator. This may be used, for example, when the base station  105  transmits multiple SS blocks at the same time (e.g., in the same slot) using multiple concurrent transmit beams. The UE  115  may report a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or other index to the codebook that identifies the antenna port having the highest performance metric. The UE  115  may additionally report the performance metric. Accordingly, the UE  115  may report RSRP/CQI together with a PMI (e.g., in addition to or instead of a CRI). 
     In accordance with various techniques described herein, SSs may assist in beam management through the use of the channel feedback framework. A base station  105  may periodically transmit a plurality of SS blocks that are beamformed into multiple spatial directions. In some cases, the base station  105  and/or predetermined information may define what portion of the transmitted SS blocks constitute a resource or a resource set. The base station  105  may configure the UE  115  for measurements and reporting using the framework of CSI-RS applied to the defined resources and resource sets. The UE  115  may report information about the beamformed SS blocks according to the configuration. In some examples, the base station  105  configures the UE  115  to report the RSRP or CQI for the best resource along with a CRI. In some cases, the base station configures the UE  115  to report with a certain periodicity or upon occurrence of certain triggers. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an example of a process flow  400  that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Process flow  400  includes a UE  115   b  and base station  105 - b,  each of which may be an example of the corresponding device described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
     At  405 , base station  105   b  and UE  115   b  may establish a communication link (e.g., which may be an example of a communication link  125  as described with reference to  FIG. 1 ). For example, the communication link at  405  may support beamformed communications. 
     At  410 , base station  105   b  may optionally transmit a configuration message to UE  115 - b.  The configuration message may include, for example, one or more fields of a resource set configuration  300  described with reference to  FIG. 3 . Accordingly, at  410 , base station  105   b  may configure for UE  115 - b,  according to a channel state information (CSI) framework, a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration. 
     At  415 , UE  115   b  may identify a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration that indicates a plurality of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by base station  105   b  using a first set of transmission beams. In some cases, the identification of the configuration may be based on the configuration message received at  410 . That is, the identifying the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration may include receiving the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration from the base station  105 -b. In examples, the plurality of SS blocks may include a subset of SS blocks of the SS burst. In some cases, the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration includes a spatial QCL indicator for at least one of the plurality of SS blocks, an indicator of resources for the plurality of SS blocks, an indicator of a duration of the SS burst, an indicator of antenna ports associated with the plurality of SS blocks, an indicator of a number of SS blocks of the SS burst, an indicator of a channel metric for reporting for the plurality of SS blocks, or a combination thereof. 
     At  420 , UE  115   b  may receive the SS burst form the base station  105 - b.  In some cases, the UE  115   b  may identify a waveform for the plurality of SS blocks for performing the first channel measurements based at least on decoding at least one SS block of the SS burst received at  420 . 
     At  425 , UE  115   b  may perform first channel measurements for the plurality of SS blocks. In aspects, the first channel measurements may be based on the configuration identified at  415 . 
     At  430 , UE  115   b  may report, to base station  105 -b, a first resource indicator for at least one of the plurality of SS blocks based on the first channel measurements. In some cases, base station  105   b  may determine a characteristic of a transmission beam for a transmission (e.g., data transmission, control transmission, future transmissions, current transmissions) to UE  115   b  based on the first resource indicator. In some examples, the reporting includes reporting a channel metric associated with at least one of the plurality of SS blocks. In some cases, the report includes an indicator of an antenna port for at least one of the plurality of SS blocks. In aspects, the reporting may occur periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically as identified by the first feedback reporting configuration. In some cases, reporting aperiodically may occur based on a trigger, where the trigger includes receiving a reporting indicator in a DCI message or identifying a triggering event based on the channel measurements performed at  425 . 
     At  435 , UE  115   b  may optionally obtain a second feedback resource set and reporting configuration identifying a set of resources associated with a CSI-RS transmitted by base station  105   b  using a second set of transmission beams (which may be the same or different from the transmission beams used to transmit the SS burst at  420 ). In some cases, the second configuration may be obtained at the same time as and/or in a similar manner to the first configuration (e.g., may be obtained in the configuration message at  410  or a similar message). 
     At  440 , UE  115   b  may perform second channel measurements for the CSI-RS based on the second configuration. 
     At  445 , UE  115   b  may report according to the second reporting configuration, to base station  105   b  and based on the second channel measurements performed at  440 , at least one channel metric for at least one of the set of resources associated with the CSI-RS and a second resource indicator of the at least one of the set of resources. 
       FIG. 5  shows a block diagram  500  of a wireless device  505  that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device  505  may be an example of aspects of a UE  115  as described herein. Wireless device  505  may include receiver  510 , UE beam manager  515 , and transmitter  520 . Wireless device  505  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     Receiver  510  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework). Information may be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver  510  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  835  described with reference to  FIG. 8 . The receiver  510  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     UE beam manager  515  may be an example of aspects of the UE beam manager  815  described with reference to  FIG. 8 . 
     UE beam manager  515  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions of the UE beam manager  515  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure. 
     The UE beam manager  515  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical devices. In some examples, UE beam manager  515  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In other examples, UE beam manager  515  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an I/O component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     UE beam manager  515  may identify a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by a base station using a first set of transmission beams, perform first channel measurements for the set of SS blocks, and report, to the base station, a first resource indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks based on the first channel measurements. 
     Transmitter  520  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter  520  may be collocated with a receiver  510  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  520  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  835  described with reference to  FIG. 8 . The transmitter  520  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG. 6  shows a block diagram  600  of a wireless device  605  that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device  605  may be an example of aspects of a wireless device  505  or a UE  115  as described with reference to  FIG. 5 . Wireless device  605  may include receiver  610 , UE beam manager  615 , and transmitter  620 . Wireless device  605  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     Receiver  610  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework). Information may be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver  610  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  835  described with reference to  FIG. 8 . The receiver  610  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     UE beam manager  615  may be an example of aspects of the UE beam manager  815  described with reference to  FIG. 8 . 
     UE beam manager  615  may also include configuration component  625 , measurement component  630 , and reporting component  635 . 
     Configuration component  625  may identify a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by a base station using a first set of transmission beams and obtain a second feedback resource set and reporting configuration identifying a set of resources associated with a CSI-RS transmitted by a base station using a second set of transmission beams. In some cases, the set of SS blocks includes a subset of SS blocks of the SS burst. In some cases, the identifying the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration includes receiving the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration from the base station. In some cases, the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration includes a spatial quasi-colocation indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks, an indicator of resources for the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a duration of the SS burst, an indicator of antenna ports associated with the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a number of SS blocks of the SS burst, an indicator of a channel metric for reporting for the set of SS blocks, or a combination thereof. 
     Measurement component  630  may perform first channel measurements for the set of SS blocks and perform second channel measurements for the CSI-RS. 
     Reporting component  635  may report according to the second reporting configuration, to the base station, a first resource indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks based on the first channel measurements and report, to the base station based on the second channel measurements, at least one channel metric for at least one of the set of resources associated with the CSI-RS and a second resource indicator of the at least one of the set of resources. In some cases, the reporting includes reporting a channel metric associated with the at least one of the set of SS blocks. In some cases, the reporting includes reporting an indicator of an antenna port for at least one of the set of SS blocks. In some cases, the reporting may occur periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically as identified by the first feedback reporting configuration. 
     Transmitter  620  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter  620  may be collocated with a receiver  610  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  620  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  835  described with reference to  FIG. 8 . The transmitter  620  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG. 7  shows a block diagram  700  of a UE beam manager  715  that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE beam manager  715  may be an example of aspects of a UE beam manager  515 , a UE beam manager  615 , or a UE beam manager  815  described with reference to  FIGS. 5, 6, and 8 . The UE beam manager  715  may include configuration component  720 , measurement component  725 , reporting component  730 , waveform component  735 , and trigger component  740 . Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     Configuration component  720  may receive signal  745  (e.g., via a receiver  510  or  610 ), and may identify a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by a base station using a first set of transmission beams and obtain a second feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to the CSI framework, where the second feedback resource set and reporting configuration identifies a set of resources associated with a CSI-RS transmitted by a base station using a second set of transmission beams. In some cases, the set of SS blocks includes a subset of SS blocks of the SS burst. 
     In some cases, the identifying the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration includes receiving the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration from the base station. In some other cases, the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration includes a spatial quasi-colocation indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks, an indicator of resources for the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a duration of the SS burst, an indicator of antenna ports associated with the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a number of SS blocks of the SS burst, an indicator of a channel metric for reporting for the set of SS blocks, or a combination thereof. Configuration component  720  may pass information  750  indicating the set of SS blocks for performing the channel measurements to waveform component  735 . Configuration component  720  may also pass information  765  indicating the channel metric for reporting to measurement component  725 . 
     Waveform component  735  may identify a waveform  755  received (e.g., via a transmitter  520  or  620 ) for the set of SS blocks for performing the first channel measurements based on decoding at least one SS block of the SS burst, where the at least one SS block of the SS burst may be indicated in information  750 . Waveform component  735  may relay the waveform for performing channel measurements to measurement component  725  via information  760 . 
     Measurement component  725  may perform first channel measurements indicated in information  765  for the set of SS blocks. Measurement component  725  may perform second channel measurements for the CSI-RS. Measurement component  725  may pass along channel measurements  770  to reporting component  730 . 
     Reporting component  730  may report, to the base station, information  785  relating to the channel measurements. That is, reporting component  730  may report, to the base station, a first resource indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks based on the first channel measurements and report, to the base station based on the second channel measurements, at least one channel metric for at least one of the set of resources associated with the CSI-RS and a second resource indicator of the at least one of the set of resources. In some cases, the reporting includes reporting a channel metric associated with the at least one of the set of SS blocks. In some instances, the reporting includes reporting an indicator of an antenna port for at least one of the set of SS blocks. In some cases, the reporting may occur periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically as identified by the first feedback configuration. 
     Trigger component  740  may report a trigger or reporting indicator via bus  780  to reporting component  730 . In some cases, reporting aperiodically may occur based on a trigger, where the trigger includes receiving a reporting indicator in a downlink control information message  775  or identifying a triggering event based on the first channel measurements. 
       FIG. 8  shows a diagram of a system  800  including a device  805  that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Device  805  may be an example of or include the components of wireless device  505 , wireless device  605 , or a UE  115  as described above, e.g., with reference to  FIGS. 5 and 6 . Device  805  may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including UE beam manager  815 , processor  820 , memory  825 , software  830 , transceiver  835 , antenna  840 , and I/O controller  845 . These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus  810 ). Device  805  may communicate wirelessly with one or more base stations  105 . 
     Processor  820  may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor  820  may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into processor  820 . Processor  820  may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework). 
     Memory  825  may include random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). The memory  825  may store computer-readable, computer-executable software  830  including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory  825  may contain, among other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware and/or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. 
     Software  830  may include code to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including code to support beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework. Software  830  may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, the software  830  may not be directly executable by the processor but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. 
     Transceiver  835  may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver  835  may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver  835  may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas. 
     In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna  840 . However, in some other cases the device may have more than one antenna  840 , which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. 
     I/O controller  845  may manage input and output signals for device  805 . I/O controller  845  may also manage peripherals not integrated into device  805 . In some cases, I/O controller  845  may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, I/O controller  845  may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS/2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. In other cases, I/O controller  845  may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, I/O controller  845  may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with device  805  via I/O controller  845  or via hardware components controlled by I/O controller  845 . 
       FIG. 9  shows a block diagram  900  of a wireless device  905  that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device  905  may be an example of aspects of a base station  105  as described herein. Wireless device  905  may include receiver  910 , base station beam manager  915 , and transmitter  920 . Wireless device  905  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     Receiver  910  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework). Information may be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver  910  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1235  described with reference to  FIG. 12 . The receiver  910  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     Base station beam manager  915  may be an example of aspects of the base station beam manager  1215  described with reference to  FIG. 12 . 
     Base station beam manager  915  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions of the base station beam manager  915  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure. 
     The base station beam manager  915  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical devices. In some examples, base station beam manager  915  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In other examples, base station beam manager  915  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an I/O component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     Base station beam manager  915  may configure, for a UE, a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by the base station using a first set of transmission beams, receive, from the UE, a first resource indicator of at least one of the set of SS blocks, and determine a characteristic of a transmission beam for a data or control transmission to the UE based on the first resource indicator. 
     Transmitter  920  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter  920  may be collocated with a receiver  910  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  920  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1235  described with reference to  FIG. 12 . The transmitter  920  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG. 10  shows a block diagram  1000  of a wireless device  1005  that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device  1005  may be an example of aspects of a wireless device  905  or a base station  105  as described with reference to  FIG. 9 . Wireless device  1005  may include receiver  1010 , base station beam manager  1015 , and transmitter  1020 . Wireless device  1005  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     Receiver  1010  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework). Information may be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver  1010  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1235  described with reference to  FIG. 12 . The receiver  1010  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     Base station beam manager  1015  may be an example of aspects of the base station beam manager  1215  described with reference to  FIG. 12 . 
     Base station beam manager  1015  may also include configuration component  1025 , reception component  1030 , and beam component  1035 . 
     Configuration component  1025  may configure, for a UE, a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by the base station using a first set of transmission beams. Configuration component  1025  may also configure, for the UE, a second feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to the CSI framework, where the second feedback resource set and reporting configuration identifies a set of resources associated with a CSI-RS transmitted by the base station using a second set of transmission beams. In some cases, the set of SS blocks includes a subset of SS blocks of the SS burst. In some cases, the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration includes an indication for periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic reporting, a spatial quasi-colocation indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks, an indicator of resources for the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a duration of the SS burst, an indicator of antenna ports associated with the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a number of SS blocks of the SS burst, an indicator of a channel metric for reporting for the set of SS blocks, or a combination thereof. 
     Reception component  1030  may receive, from the UE, a first resource indicator of at least one of the set of SS blocks. In some cases, the receiving includes receiving a channel metric associated with the at least one of the set of SS blocks. In some cases, the receiving includes receiving an indicator of an antenna port for the at least one of the set of SS blocks. 
     Beam component  1035  may determine a characteristic of a transmission beam for a data or control transmission to the UE based on the first resource indicator. 
     Transmitter  1020  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter  1020  may be collocated with a receiver  1010  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  1020  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1235  described with reference to  FIG. 12 . The transmitter  1020  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG. 11  shows a block diagram  1100  of a base station beam manager  1115  that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The base station beam manager  1115  may be an example of aspects of a base station beam manager  1215  described with reference to  FIGS. 9, 10, and 12 . The base station beam manager  1115  may include configuration component  1120 , reception component  1125 , beam component  1130 , and metric component  1135 . Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     Configuration component  1120  may configure, for a UE, a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a set of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by the base station using a first set of transmission beams. Configuration component  1120  may also configure, for the UE, a second feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to the CSI framework, where the second feedback resource set and reporting configuration identifies a set of resources associated with a CSI-RS transmitted by the base station using a second set of transmission beams. In some cases, the set of SS blocks includes a subset of SS blocks of the SS burst. Configuration component  1120  may transmit (e.g., via transmitter  920 ,  1020 ) a feedback resource set and reporting configuration  1140  to a UE. 
     In some cases, the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration includes an indication for periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic reporting, a spatial quasi-colocation indicator for at least one of the set of SS blocks, an indicator of resources for the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a duration of the SS burst, an indicator of antenna ports associated with the set of SS blocks, an indicator of a number of SS blocks of the SS burst, an indicator of a channel metric for reporting for the set of SS blocks, or a combination thereof. 
     Reception component  1125  may receive (e.g., via receiver  910 ,  1010 ), from the UE, information  1145 . Information  1145  may include a first resource indicator of at least one of the set of SS blocks. In some cases, the receiving includes receiving a channel metric associated with the at least one of the set of SS blocks. In some cases, the receiving includes receiving an indicator of an antenna port for the at least one of the set of SS blocks. Reception component  1125  may pass along information  1150  to metric component  1135 . 
     Metric component  1135  may receive at least one channel metric, from a UE, for at least one of the set of resources associated with the CSI-RS and a second resource indicator of the at least one of the set of resources, where the determining the characteristic of the transmission beam is based on the at least one channel metric. Metric component  1135  may relay information  1155  regarding channel metrics to beam component  1130 . 
     Beam component  1130  may determine a characteristic of a transmission beam for a data or control transmission to the UE based on the first resource indicator received via information  1155 . 
       FIG. 12  shows a diagram of a system  1200  including a device  1205  that supports beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Device  1205  may be an example of or include the components of base station  105  as described above, e.g., with reference to  FIG. 1 . Device  1205  may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including base station beam manager  1215 , processor  1220 , memory  1225 , software  1230 , transceiver  1235 , antenna  1240 , network communications manager  1245 , and inter-station communications manager  1250 . These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus  1210 ). Device  1205  may communicate wirelessly with one or more UEs  115 . 
     Processor  1220  may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor  1220  may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into processor  1220 . Processor  1220  may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework). 
     Memory  1225  may include RAM and ROM. The memory  1225  may store computer-readable, computer-executable software  1230  including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory  1225  may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware and/or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. 
     Software  1230  may include code to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including code to support beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework. Software  1230  may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, the software  1230  may not be directly executable by the processor but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. 
     Transceiver  1235  may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver  1235  may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver  1235  may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas. 
     In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna  1240 . However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna  1240 , which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. 
     Network communications manager  1245  may manage communications with the core network  130  (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communications manager  1245  may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs  115 . 
     Inter-station communications manager  1250  may manage communications with other base station  105 , and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs  115  in cooperation with other base stations  105 . For example, the inter-station communications manager  1250  may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs  115  for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, inter-station communications manager  1250  may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between base stations  105 . 
       FIG. 13  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1300  for beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework. The operations of method  1300  may be implemented by a UE  115  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1300  may be performed by a UE beam manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 5 through 7 . In some examples, a UE  115  may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE  115  may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At block  1305  the UE  115  may identify a feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework. The feedback resource set and reporting configuration may indicate a plurality of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by a base station  105  using a first set of transmission beams. In some cases, the UE  115  may receive the first feedback resource set and reporting configuration from the base station  105 . The operations of block  1305  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1305  may be performed by a configuration component as described with reference to  FIGS. 6 and 7 . 
     At block  1310 , the UE  115  may perform first channel measurements for the plurality of SS blocks. The operations of block  1310  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1310  may be performed by a measurement component as described with reference to  FIGS. 6 and 7 . 
     At block  1315 , the UE  115  may report, to the base station  105 , a first resource indicator for at least one of the plurality of SS blocks based on the first channel measurements. In some examples, the UE may report a channel metric associated with the at least one of the plurality of SS blocks. The reporting may occur periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically as identified by the first reporting configuration. Further, the aperiodic reporting may occur based on a trigger, where the trigger includes receiving a reporting indicator in a DCI message or identifying a triggering event based on the first channel measurements. The operations of block  1315  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1315  may be performed by a reporting component as described with reference to  FIGS. 6 and 7 . 
       FIG. 14  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1400  for beam management using SSs through channel feedback framework. The operations of method  1400  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1400  may be performed by a base station beam manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 9 through 11 . In some examples, a base station  105  may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105  may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At block  1405 , the base station  105  may configure, for a UE  115 , a first feedback resource set and reporting configuration according to a CSI framework that indicates a plurality of SS blocks of an SS burst transmitted by the base station using a first set of transmission beams. The feedback resource set and reporting configuration may include an indication for periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic reporting, a spatial quasi-colocation indicator for at least one of the plurality of SS blocks, an indicator of resources for the plurality of SS blocks, an indicator of a duration of the SS burst, an indicator of antenna ports associated with the plurality of SS blocks, an indicator of a number of SS blocks of the SS burst, an indicator of a channel metric for reporting for the plurality of SS blocks, or combination thereof. The operations of block  1405  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1405  may be performed by a configuration component as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 and 11 . 
     At block  1410 , the base station  105  may receive, from the UE  115 , a first resource indicator of at least one of the plurality of SS blocks. In some instances, the base station  105  may receive a channel metric associated with the at least one of the plurality of SS blocks. In some other cases, the base station  105  may receive an indicator of an antenna port for the at least one of the plurality of SS blocks. The operations of block  1410  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1410  may be performed by a reception component as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 and 11 . 
     At block  1415 , the base station  105  may determine a characteristic of a transmission beam for a data or control transmission to the UE  115  based on the first resource indicator. The base station  105  may determine the characteristic of the transmission beam based on at least one channel metric. The operations of block  1415  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1415  may be performed by a beam component as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 and 11 . 
     It should be noted that the methods described above describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined. 
     Techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communications systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. The terms “system” and “network” are often used interchangeably. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Releases may be commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). 
     An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE and LTE-A are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, NR, and GSM are described in documents from the organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other systems and radio technologies. While aspects of an LTE or an NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE or NR applications. 
     In LTE/LTE-A networks, including such networks described herein, the term eNB may be generally used to describe the base stations. The wireless communications system or systems described herein may include a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A or NR network in which different types of eNBs provide coverage for various geographical regions. For example, each eNB, next gNB, or base station may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, or other types of cell. The term “cell” may be used to describe a base station, a carrier or CC associated with a base station, or a coverage area (e.g., sector) of a carrier or base station, depending on context. 
     Base stations may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, eNB, gNB, Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. The geographic coverage area for a base station may be divided into sectors making up only a portion of the coverage area. The wireless communications system or systems described herein may include base stations of different types (e.g., macro or small cell base stations). The UEs described herein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations, and the like. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas for different technologies. 
     A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell is a lower-powered base station, as compared with a macro cell, that may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according to various examples. A pico cell, for example, may cover a small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A femto cell may also cover a small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in the home, and the like). An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells (e.g., CCs). 
     The wireless communications system or systems described herein may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations. 
     The downlink transmissions described herein may also be called forward link transmissions while the uplink transmissions may also be called reverse link transmissions. Each communication link described herein—including, for example, wireless communications system  100  and  200  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 —may include one or more carriers, where each carrier may be a signal made up of multiple sub-carriers (e.g., waveform signals of different frequencies). 
     The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “exemplary” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples. 
     In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label. 
     Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof. 
     The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). 
     The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.” 
     Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
     The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.