Patent Publication Number: US-6210000-B1

Title: Apparatus, system, and method for preventing computer vision syndrome

Description:
This is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 09/059,976, filed Apr. 14, 1998. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of Invention 
     The present invention relates to the field of medical devices. More specifically, the invention relates to an apparatus, system, and method for preventing Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) that uses a variety of components, each aimed at addressing the causes of CVS. 
     2. Related Art 
     Computers have become indispensable tools of the workplace and popular devices for work and entertainment in the home. Accordingly, millions of people, in the United States alone, spend much of their day working on or otherwise using a computer. The time spent at the computer may extend up to eight hours or, depending upon the user&#39;s professional demands, much longer in a single, continuous stretch of time. In 1992, approximately 10 million people sought treatment for vision problems associated with looking at a display monitor of a computer for extended periods of time. A more recent survey suggested that, of the approximately 70 million Americans working at computers and looking at the computer display monitors for extended periods, eighty-eight percent experience some form of ocular complaints. 
     The ocular complaints experienced by the computer users typically include intermittent blurring of vision, eye strain, eye fatigue, burning sensations, irritation, and dry eyes, among others. The most common of the ocular complaints include ocular fatigue and irritation which are major symptoms of dry eyes. Usually, the symptoms occur after the computer user begins using the computer and looking at the display monitor and the symptoms progressively worsen becoming more intense the harder and longer the person uses the computer. The condition of a person experiencing one or more of the ocular complaints as a result of operating a computer and looking at a computer monitor is generally referred to as “Computer Vision Syndrome” (CVS). CVS not only causes pain and discomfort to the individual, but also reduces overall efficiency by reducing the time that a person can effectively work and concentrate while using a computer. Thus, CVS represents a drain on productivity and serves to increase medical expenses associated with treating the ocular complaints. 
     In general, the ocular complaints associated with CVS typically relate to some refractive error and/or shortcomings of the environment that ultimately relates back to some instability of the ocular surface (i.e. the ocular surface epithelial cells and the preocular tear film). Many people have eye disorders that do not allow them to properly focus. Further, upon reaching about age forty, the muscles that control a person&#39;s ability to focus, or accommodate, are ordinarily unable to properly adjust the eye to allow accurate viewing of a computer display monitor. Thus, the strain placed on these muscles causes fatigue that leads to an eventual inability to properly focus and to intermittent blurring. 
     Normally, when the eye is open, the stability of the tear film is affected by the size of the exposed area of the ocular surface and the time that the ocular surface is exposed to the environment between blinks. Regardless of whether the tear film component is normal, eyelid blinking is essential to achieve adequate tear spread onto the entire ocular surface and, thus, to form a stable preocular tear film. The size and area of exposure of the ocular surface as well as the environment determine the extent of tear evaporation. Therefore, complete and frequent eyelid blinking is necessary to minimize the ocular surface exposure and the eyelid fissure and to provide adequate spreading of the preocular tear film. 
     However, when a person is in an attentive and concentrated state, the exposed ocular surface area during interblink intervals is enlarged and the blink rate is reduced. A person typically enters this attentive and concentrated state when, for example, working at a computer and looking at a display monitor, reading, driving, watching television, and looking through a microscope. Thus, the natural attentive and concentrated effort of the person using a computer tends to produce ocular fatigue. 
     One recent effort aimed at treating the symptoms of CVS simply uses eye drops to provide a better preocular tear film and reduce the associated ocular complaints. While somewhat effective at performing the function for which the eye drops are intended, the effort does not provide a solution that addresses the causes of CVS and does not provide a solution that helps a computer user avoid CVS altogether. 
     Thus, despite the use of the prior art features, there remains a need for an apparatus, system, and method that helps a computer user avoid CVS and that uses a variety of components, each aimed at addressing the causes of CVS. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     To achieve such improvements, the present invention provides an apparatus, system, and method to help a computer user avoid Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). In general, the invention provides a set of individual components which may be used individually or in combination and each of which is designed to address the various causes of CVS. Included among the components are devices directed at maintaining the a proper preocular tear film and avoiding damage to the epithelial cells. The components include devices and methods for ensuring an adequate blink rate to provide an adequate spread of the preocular tear film and for controlling the environmental conditions about the eye, such as the humidity, to optimize the eye environment. Other components provide for magnification to aid eye accommodation, filtering of the air in the eye environment, adapting the air moisture content to the needs of the individual computer user, and monitoring and adjusting the temperature and/or humidity of the eye environment. 
     In one aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for preventing computer vision syndrome in a computer user viewing a display monitor of a computer that comprises means for generating a blink reminder signal and means for indicating a blink reminder to the computer user in response to the blink reminder signal. The means for generating a blink reminder signal generally comprises the computer used by the computer user or a separate control member. The frequency of blink reminders may be a set predetermined time interval which may be, for example, about sixteen to twenty blinks per minute or a varying time interval. To better achieve an appropriate blink rate, the present invention preferably includes means for monitoring the computer user&#39;s blinks. The blink monitor is preferably an infrared detector or a light source (e.g. photodiode) for reflecting light off the computer user&#39;s eye and a light sensor (e.g. phototransistor) for detecting the reflected light. In one embodiment, the light source is the computer display monitor. In this embodiment, the phototransistor may be mounted on top of the display monitor so that the computer user does not have to wear any hardware. The information gained by monitoring the computer user&#39;s blinks is then used by the signal generator to adjust the blink reminder signal as needed to provide an appropriate blink rate. Thus, the blink monitor is in communication with and adapted to provide feedback to the signal generator and the signal generator is adapted to adjust the blink reminder signal according to the computer user&#39;s blink rate in response to the feedback provided by the blink monitor. 
     The blink indicator may be a speaker adapted to produce an audible blink reminder which may be a simple beep, a tone, an audible voice, or virtually any other sound, such as a song. Alternatively, the blink reminder may comprise a visible indicator adapted to produce a visual blink reminder. Examples of visible indicators include a light or at least a portion of the display monitor of the computer. The visual blink reminder may be a conscience message or a subliminal message generated on the display monitor. Another type of blink indicator is an electro-stimulus member adapted to produce an electro-stimulus blink reminder that provides involuntary blinking by the computer user. 
     As previously mentioned, the signal generator is preferably adapted to vary the blink reminder signal so that the blink reminder varies in response to the variation of the blink reminder signal. Such a variation allows the device to adapt to the needs of the individual user. Typically, such variation would be in response to the feedback provided by the blink monitor. However, the blink reminder may also vary depending upon the external input from a temperature monitor, a humidity monitor, an elapsed time monitor, or a clock. 
     Another aspect of the invention is a method for preventing computer vision syndrome in a computer user viewing a display monitor of a computer that comprises the steps of generating a blink reminder signal and indicating a blink reminder to the computer user in response to the blink reminder signal. The method may include generation of a blink reminder signal that has a constant or varying time interval between the blink reminders. Preferably, the method includes the steps of monitoring the computer user&#39;s blinks and adjusting the blink reminder signal according to the computer user&#39;s blink rate to ensure that the computer user blinks at a proper rate. The blink reminder may be altered in a variety of ways. For example, the method may involve increasing the intensity or varying the type of the blink reminder the greater the computer user&#39;s blink rate varies from the proper blink rate. 
     To relay the blink reminder to the computer user, the method may include the steps of indicating the blink reminder on the display monitor, providing a subliminal blink reminder, indicating the blink reminder by way of an audible blink reminder, and/or indicating the blink reminder by way of an electro-stimulus blink reminder. 
     An additional aspect of the invention provides an apparatus for preventing computer vision syndrome in a computer user viewing a display monitor of a computer that comprises an eye enclosure adapted to provide an enclosed area about the computer user&#39;s eyes that is at least partially enclosed, but may also be fully enclosed, from a surrounding environment without obstructing the computer user&#39;s vision of the display monitor and means for supporting and maintaining the eye enclosure in position on the computer user. The device may include means for moistening the enclosed area. 
     One embodiment for the air moistener comprises a nebulizer attached to the eye enclosure that is in fluid communication with the enclosed area and is adapted to provide a supply of nebulized moistening fluid to the enclosed area. Another embodiment comprises a moistening fluid or substance applied to the computer user&#39;s eyes so that the eyes act as a fluid supply reservoir and the moistening fluid evaporating from the computer user&#39;s eyes moistens the enclosed area. This embodiment may further comprise a moistening fluid supply, a pump member in fluid communication with the moistening fluid supply, and a fluid communication line in fluid communication with the pump member. The communication line is positioned and adapted to direct the moistening fluid to the computer user&#39;s eyes; and the pump member is adapted to pump the moistening fluid from the moistening fluid supply, through the communication line, and to the computer user&#39;s eyes. A third embodiment for the air moistener comprises a moistening fluid supply of moistening fluid in fluid communication with the enclosed area. The moistening fluid supply is adapted to permit evaporation of the moistening fluid from the moistening fluid supply to the enclosed area. Two embodiments for the moistening fluid supply include an open reservoir and a liquid permeable member adapted to absorb the moistening fluid and permit evaporation therefrom. 
     In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a pellet that is sized and adapted to fit within the cul de sac of the computer user&#39;s eye. The pellet is adapted to dissolve into the computer user&#39;s tear film and alter its characteristics. One manner in which the pellet may alter the tear film characteristics is that the pellet may increase the absorptive and decrease the evaporative characteristics of the tear film The pellet may release a hyperosmotic substance, a preservative free aqueous, an ocular oil, and/or a goblet cell secreting agent among other substances. 
     The device may incorporate means for monitoring the temperature of the enclosed area and means for adjusting the temperature of the enclosed area that is adapted to maintain a predetermined temperature in the enclosed area. Likewise the device may incorporate means for monitoring the humidity of the enclosed area and means for adjusting the humidity of the enclosed area that is adapted to maintain a predetermined humidity in the enclosed area. 
     The moistening fluid may be adapted to the individual needs of the computer user by providing a preservative free aqueous, a goblet cell secreting agent (such as bromhexine), or ocular oil to the enclosed area as needed. The moistening fluid preferably has colligative properties that increase the absorptive and reduce the evaporative characteristics of the tear film. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the device includes a filter member attached to the enclosure in fluid communication with the enclosed area and the surrounding environment. Preferably the filter member is a sub-micron filter, such as a high efficiency particulate accumulator (HEPA) filter. 
     Additionally, the device may include a lens member, which may be tinted, attached to the enclosure that is adapted and positioned to provide magnification of images seen by the computer user&#39;s eyes. Thus, the strain imposed by accommodation is reduced. 
     To allow the user to use prescription glasses in connection with the eye enclosure, in one embodiment, the eye enclosure is sized and adapted to fit over a pair of spectacles worn by the computer user. 
     Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preventing computer vision syndrome in a computer user viewing a display monitor of a computer that comprises the steps of providing an eye enclosure adapted to provide an enclosed area about the computer user&#39;s eyes that is at least partially enclosed, but that alternatively may be fully enclosed, without obstructing the computer user&#39;s vision of the display monitor and supporting and maintaining the eye enclosure in position on the computer user. Preferably the method includes the steps of moistening the enclosed area. 
     One embodiment for moistening the enclosed area comprises nebulizing a moistening fluid and spraying the nebulized moistening fluid into the enclosed area. Another embodiment involves applying a moistening fluid to the computer user&#39;s eye and allowing the moistening fluid to evaporate from the computer user&#39;s eye. A third embodiment comprises providing a moistening fluid supply of a moistening fluid in communication with the enclosed area that is adapted to permit evaporation of the moistening fluid from the moistening fluid supply to the enclosed area and allowing the moistening fluid to evaporate from the moistening fluid supply. The method may alternatively include the step of placing a pellet (having the above-described characteristics) in the computer user&#39;s eye and/or increasing the absorptive and decreasing the evaporative characteristics of the computer user&#39;s preocular tear film. 
     Alternative embodiments for the method include monitoring the temperature of the enclosed area and adjusting the temperature of the enclosed area to maintain a predetermined temperature and/or monitoring the humidity of the enclosed area and adjusting the humidity of the enclosed area to maintain a predetermined humidity. The method may further comprise adapting a moistening fluid to the specific needs of the computer user and using the moistening fluid to moisten the enclosed area. Such adaptation of the moistening fluid preferably comprises using a preservative free aqueous as the moistening fluid for the computer user suffering from aqueous deficiency, applying a goblet cell secreting agent (such as bromhexine) as the moistening fluid for the computer user suffering from mucin deficiency, and applying an ocular oil as the moistening fluid for the computer user suffering from lipid deficiency. 
     Other alternative embodiments include the steps of filtering the air entering the enclosed area and/or reducing the light entering the computer user&#39;s eye by tinting the eye enclosure. 
     Still another aspect of the present invention provides a system for preventing computer vision syndrome in a computer user viewing a display monitor of a computer that comprises an eye enclosure adapted to provide an enclosed area about the computer user&#39;s eyes that is at least partially enclosed from a surrounding environment without obstructing the computer user&#39;s vision of the display monitor, means for supporting and maintaining the eye enclosure in position on the computer user, means for moistening the enclosed area, means for generating a blink reminder signal, and means for indicating a blink reminder to the computer user in response to the blink reminder signal. 
     Other components and methods for preventing CVS are discussed herein and include medication and/or massage of the facial muscles and proper positioning of the computer monitor among others. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The manner in which these objectives and other desirable characteristics can be obtained is explained in the following description and attached drawings in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one aspect the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one aspect the present invention incorporating external input devices. 
     FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic views showing the operation of a blink monitor. 
     FIG. 4 is a side schematic view showing the light produced by the display monitor reflecting from the computer user&#39;s eye to the phototransistor mounted on top of the display monitor. 
     FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of one aspect the present invention showing different types of blink indicators. 
     FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an eye enclosure. 
     FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of a computer user using a computer and viewing a display monitor. 
     FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an eye enclosure connected to a portable base unit. 
     FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an eye enclosure. 
     FIG. 10 is a schematic view of one type of air moistener. 
     FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an air moistener that uses a pump member to deliver the moistening fluid to the computer user&#39;s eyes. 
     FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an air moistener using a liquid permeable member. 
     FIG. 13 is a schematic view of an air moistener using an open reservoir. 
     FIG. 14A is a side elevational view of a pellet. 
     FIG. 14B is a cross sectional view of an eye having a pellet positioned in the cul de sac. 
     FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the present invention showing different devices used to monitor and control the environmental conditions in the enclosed area. 
     FIG. 16 is a top elevational view of one alternative embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 17 is a front elevational view of the embodiment of FIG.  16 . 
     FIG. 18 is a side elevational view of the embodiment of FIGS. 16 and 17. 
     FIG. 19 is a partial cross sectional side elevational view of one alternative embodiment for the flexible wall. 
     FIG. 20 is a partial cross sectional side elevational view of another alternative embodiment for the flexible wall. 
     FIG. 21 is a partial cross sectional side elevational view of yet another alternative embodiment for the flexible wall. 
     FIG. 22 is a partial cross sectional side elevational view of one embodiment of the removable nosepiece. 
     FIG. 23 is a partial cross sectional side elevational view of another embodiment of the removable nosepiece. 
    
    
     It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention generally provides an apparatus, system, and method to help a computer user avoid Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). In general, the invention provides a set of individual components which may be used individually or in combination and each of which is designed to address the various causes of CVS. Included among the components are devices directed at maintaining a proper preocular tear film and avoiding damage to the epithelial cells. The components include devices and methods for ensuring an adequate blink rate to provide an adequate spread of the preocular tear film and for controlling the environmental conditions about the eye, such as the humidity, to optimize the eye environment. Other components provide for magnification to aid eye accommodation, filtering of the air in the eye environment, adapting the air moisture content to the needs of the individual computer user, and monitoring and adjusting the temperature and/or humidity of the eye environment. Additional, components will be discussed throughout the following description. 
     One aspect of the invention, shown in FIG. 1, provides means for generating a blink reminder signal (also referred to herein as the “signal generator”)  12  and means for indicating a blink reminder to a computer user  1  in response to the blink reminder signal (also referred to herein as the “blink indicator”)  14  which may take a variety of forms. For example, these components may be passive and provide a steady reminder regardless of any actual blinking by the computer user  1  or active and take into account the actual blinking by the computer user  1  or other factors. 
     In general, the signal generator  12  is a control member  64 . The control member  64  is adapted to provide the blink reminder signal which is preferably an electrical impulse. The control member  64  may be the computer  5  in use by the computer user  1  containing software programmed to produce the desired blink reminder. Alternatively, the control member  64  may comprise a separate microprocessor or an electrical circuit designed to produce the desired blink reminder. In the case of a separate control member  64 , the power source may comprise any known power source commonly used for electronic devices. Although non-electronic control members  64  and blink reminders (e.g. a metronome) are anticipated and specifically incorporated herein, the preferred embodiment uses an electronic device as previously discussed. 
     In a passive type device, the frequency of the blink reminder signal is a predetermined time interval, for example, between about sixteen and twenty blinks per minute. In such a device, no feedback is required and the device simply produces a metronome-type signal of electrical impulses. The amplitude or other characteristics of the blink reminder signal may be varied as desired to provide for variation of the blink reminder to the computer user  1 . Although specific variations of the blink indicator  14  are further discussed below, varying the blink reminder to the computer user  1  may provide a better reminder in that the changes may better get the attention of the computer user  1 . Further, even in a passive type device, the frequency of the blink reminder signal may vary to better maintain the attention of the computer user  1 . 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an alternative preferred embodiment of an active type device for providing a blink reminder to a computer user  1 . As shown in FIG. 2, the signal generator  12  is adapted to receive input from one or more external sources. Based upon the input provided by the external sources, the device  10  adjusts the blink reminder signal to provide a blink reminder signal optimized for the computer user  1 . For example, the frequency, amplitude, or other characteristics of the blink reminder signal may be varied to provide the desired blink reminder. 
     One type of external monitoring and input source is a means for monitoring the computer user&#39;s blinks (also referred to herein as the “blink monitor”)  16 . The blink monitor  16  monitors the frequency of the computer user&#39;s blinks, the time between blinks, the time since the last blink, and the like. The signal generator  12  may then use this information in generating the blink reminder signal to adjust the blink reminder as needed to ensure adequate and proper blinking frequency (e.g to maintain a preferred blink rate of, for example, between about sixteen and twenty blinks per minute). The blink monitor  16  may take a number of different forms. For example, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the blink monitor  16  may comprise a pair of photodiodes  17  (or “light sources”) and a pair of phototransistors  18  (or “light detectors”). Each of the photodiodes  17  emits a small beam of light that strikes each of the computer user&#39;s eyes  2 . When the incident light beams strike the large white sclera of the eyes  2  strong reflective light beams will return, with the reflected light beams striking the phototransistors  18 . However, when the eyes  2  close to blink, the light reflected to the phototransistors  18  is relatively less. The phototransistors  18  may then signal the control member  64 , or signal generator  12 , that the computer user  1  has blinked. 
     Other embodiments may be used to detect blinks by the computer user  1 . For example, the photodiodes  17  and phototransistors  18  may be replaced with infrared transmitters and detectors (a “infrared detector”) or with some other type of light transmitter and detector device which are essentially variations of the previously described blink monitor  16 . One such device capable of detecting the computer user&#39;s blinks is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,659,197 issued to Weinblatt on Apr. 21, 1987 which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a blink monitor  16  wherein the photodiode  17  comprises the display monitor  6 . As shown in the figure, the light from the display monitor  6  strikes the computer user&#39;s eyes  2  and is reflected back toward the display monitor  6 . A phototransistor  18  positioned on the display monitor measures the intensity of the reflected light and, thereby, detects computer user blinks. Accordingly, the computer user  1  need not wear any hardware to accommodate the blink monitor  16 . The photodiode  17  may comprise essentially any light source and the phototransistor  18  may be remotely mounted from the computer user&#39;s eyes  2  so that the possible configurations of the blink monitor  16  are numerous. 
     By monitoring the blink rate of the computer user  1 , the device  10  may adjust the blink reminder to provide a different frequency of blink reminders, different types of blink reminders, blink reminders of different intensities, or other blink reminder variations. In this way, the device  10  can help to ensure proper blinking and help to maintain a proper preocular tear film  3  on the eye  2  and, thereby, reduce or eliminate some of the primary causes of CVS. 
     As shown in FIG. 2, additional monitoring and input sources communicating with the blink generator may include means for monitoring the temperature, humidity, or elapsed time that the computer user  1  has been operating the computer  5  or other relevant times. Depending upon the temperature and humidity of the environment to which the computer user&#39;s eyes  2  are exposed, the evaporation of the tear film  3  from the eye  2  may vary. Thus, for example, in a very dry or hot climate, the computer user  1  may need to blink more often to maintain a proper preocular tear film  3  due to increased evaporation. Therefore, a temperature monitor  20  and a humidity monitor  22  may provide important feedback to the signal generator  12  that allows the signal generator  12  to adjust the frequency of the blink reminder signal to optimize the blinking of the computer user  1 . The various means for measuring temperature (e.g. thermometers, thermocouples) and humidity (e.g. hygrometers) are well known and any suitable temperature or humidity measurement devices are acceptable for use herewith. 
     Likewise, an elapsed time monitor  24  allows the signal generator  12  to increase the frequency of the blink reminders the longer the computer user  1  works. Typically, the symptoms of CVS increase the longer the computer user  1  views a display monitor  6 . Accordingly, the computer user  1  may need to blink more often the longer the computer  5  is used. Similarly, the device  10  may incorporate a clock  26  in communication with the signal generator  12 . The signal generator  12  may then increase the blink reminder frequency later in the day when most computer users have been awake and working or reading longer. 
     The blink indicator  14  in communication with the signal generator  12  interprets and communicates the blink reminder signal to the computer user  1  reminding the computer user  1  to blink. In general, the blink indicator  14  may be an audible indicator, a visual indicator, an electro-stimulus member  36 , or some other indicator that provides a reminder to the computer user  1 . FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the device  10  incorporating a number of different types of blink indicators  14 . 
     As shown in the figure, the blink indicator  14  may comprise a speaker  30  in communication with the signal generator  12  adapted to produce an audible blink reminder. The audible blink reminder produced by the speaker  30  may be a simple tone or beep, an audible voice, or any other sound. In a system incorporating external inputs providing feedback to the signal generator  12 , the audible blink reminder may be varied as needed to maintain the desired blink rate. For example, if the device  10  incorporates a blink monitor  16  that provides feedback of the computer user&#39;s blinks to the signal generator  12 , the audible blink reminder may become louder or change pitch, a simple beep reminder may be modified to provide an audible voice reminder advising the computer user  1  to blink more to avoid CVS, or the blink reminder may comprise a song that increases or decreases in tempo according to the computer user&#39;s blinks. The possible variations of the audible blink reminder are numerous and anticipated. 
     An alternative blink reminder is a visible indicator adapted to produce a visual blink reminder. One visible indicator includes one or more lights  32  positioned and adapted for viewing by the computer user  1 . As the computer user&#39;s blink rate changes, the frequency of light flashes may also be changed to help adjust the computer user&#39;s blink rate to the desired blink rate. Also the intensity or color of the light may change in response to the blink reminder signal. 
     Another possible visible indicator comprises at least a portion of the display monitor  34  used by the computer user  1 . In this alternative embodiment, the visible indicator may be a simple dot on the display monitor  6 , a specially designed character or icon that changes or moves, or a subliminal message formed of intermittent pixels designed to be seen only subliminally by the computer user  1 . The number of possible variations are apparent as anything that may be shown on a display monitor  6  of a computer  5  may serve as a visible indicator and a visual blink reminder. 
     An additional embodiment for the blink indicator  14  comprises an electro-stimulus member  36  adapted to produce an electro-stimulus blink reminder. An electro-stimulus member  36  works by providing an electro-stimulus to the muscles that control the blinking motion of the computer user  1 . The electro-stimulus creates an involuntary blinking response by the computer user  1  because it controls the muscles responsible for blinking. Therefore, the electro-stimulus member  36  ensures that the computer user  1  blinks according to the optimal blink rate. 
     The various blink indicators  14  may be selectively combined to provide multiple or varying blink reminders. Varying the blink reminders may provide a better system for helping the computer user  1  to blink at an appropriate rate and, thereby, maintain a proper preocular tear film  3  to avoid CVS. 
     Another aspect of the invention, shown in FIG. 6, provides an eye enclosure  40  adapted to provide an enclosed area  42  about the computer user&#39;s eyes  2  that is at least partially enclosed from the surrounding environment  44  without obstructing the computer user&#39;s vision, or view, of the display monitor  6  and provides means for supporting and maintaining the eye enclosure  40  on the computer user  1 . FIGS. 6,  8 , and  9  show three of the many possible designs for the eye enclosures  40 . As used herein, the term “enclosed area  42  about the computer user&#39;s eyes  2 ” shall mean generally an area or volume proximal the eyes  2 , eye lids, and eye sockets of the computer user  1 , but external to the computer user&#39;s body. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an eye enclosure  40  comprising a pair of spectacles having enclosure walls  49  that form an enclosure between the eye enclosure  40  and the computer user&#39;s face that partially enclose the enclosed area  42  from the surrounding environment  44 . FIG. 8 shows an eye enclosure  40  adapted to fully enclose the enclosed area  42  between the eye enclosure  40  and the computer user&#39;s face from the surrounding area. FIG. 9 shows an alternative, preferred embodiment for the eye enclosure  40  that provides partial enclosure of the enclosed area  42 . Each of the eye enclosures  40  are more fully discussed below. 
     Although the figures show some of the preferred embodiments for the invention, the number of alternative designs (particularly aesthetic changes) is virtually unlimited. For example, rather than merely enclosing the eyes, the eye enclosure  40  may comprise a full or partial helmet that fits over the computer user&#39;s head. In the case of a helmet, the display monitor may be incorporated into the forward shield of the helmet (a well-known device to those skilled in the art). 
     The eye enclosure  40  shown in FIG. 6 comprises a pair of spectacles having a frame  46  supporting a pair of lenses  47 . The lenses  47  may be simple panes that do not affect the images passing therethrough or may be adapted to provide magnification of images to relieve the strain associated with eye accommodation. The lenses  47  may also be tinted or include other common spectacle lens  47  features to ease the strain on the eye. The frame  46  includes a pair of side arms  48  adapted and positioned to extend over the ears of the computer user  1  to support and maintain the eye enclosure  40  in position on the computer user  1 . An enclosure wall  49  extending between portions of the frame  46 , in particular between the frame portion supporting the lenses  47  and the side arms  48 , provides for partial enclosure of the enclosed area  42 , the area between the spectacles and the computer user&#39;s face. Preferably, the enclosure wall  49  is formed from a flexible material that will mold itself to the contours of the computer user&#39;s face and provide a seal between the spectacles and the computer user&#39;s face. By enclosing the environment about the computer user&#39;s eyes  2  from the surrounding environment  44  (i.e. creating an enclosed area  42 ), even when the area is only partially enclosed, the conditions of the enclosed area  42  can be manipulated to provide better, or optimal, environmental conditions for the computer user&#39;s eyes  2 . 
     The eye enclosure  40  of FIG. 6 supports a small speaker  30  adapted and positioned to fit within the computer user&#39;s ear. The speaker  30  may be used to provide an audible blink reminder to the computer user  1  as previously described. A communication line  50  extends from the signal generator  12  to the eye enclosure  40  and communicates with the speaker  30  and any other equipment on the eye enclosure  40 , such as a blink monitor  16  attached to the inside of the spectacle frame  46 , to transmit power, information, and the blink reminder signal therebetween. 
     FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of a computer user  1  operating a computer  5  and viewing the display monitor  6  of the computer  5 . The computer user  1  is wearing an eye enclosure  40 , similar to that shown in FIG. 6, that provides an enclosed area  42  that is partially enclosed. A communication line  50  extends from the computer  5  used by the computer user  1  to the eye enclosure  40  and communicates with any equipment on the eye enclosure  40 , such as a blink monitor  16  attached to the inside of the spectacle frame  46 , to transmit power and information therebetween. The computer  5  acts as the signal generator  12  and communicates with attached speakers  30  and the display monitor  6 . The blink indicator  14  may therefore be the speakers  30  or a portion of the display monitor  34 , as shown in the figure. 
     FIG. 8 shows an eye enclosure  40  adapted to fully enclose the enclosed area  42  (i.e. the area between the computer user&#39;s face and the eye enclosure  40 ). The eye enclosure  40  comprises a pair of goggles having a frame  46  supporting at least one lens  47 . The lens  47  may be a simple pane that does not affect the images passing therethrough or may be adapted to provide magnification of images to relieve the strain associated with eye accommodation. The lenses  47  may also include a tinting or other common spectacle lens  47  features to ease the strain on the eye. An enclosure wall  49  formed of a flexible material extends from the frame  46  toward the computer user&#39;s face and is adapted to mold itself to the computer user&#39;s face to complete a tight seal about the full perimeter of the eye enclosure  40 . In this way, the eye enclosure  40  provides a complete, or fully, enclosed area  42  about the computer user&#39;s eyes  2 . A flexible, resilient support strap  52  extends between the opposing sides of the eye enclosure  40 . The support strap  52  is adapted to stretch over the computer user&#39;s head and support and maintain the eye enclosure  40  in position on the computer user  1 . The support strap  52  is preferably sufficiently resilient to hold the eye enclosure  40  tightly against the computer user&#39;s face to provide a better seal between the enclosure  40  and the user&#39;s face and to better seal the enclosed area  42  from the surrounding environment  44 . The eye enclosure  40  is sufficiently large that it may be worn by the computer user  1  over the computer user&#39;s spectacles. 
     Filter members  54  positioned in the enclosure wall  49  of the eye enclosure  40  are in fluid communication with and allow limited airflow between the enclosed area  42  and the surrounding environment  44 . The filter members  54  are adapted to filter the air passing into the enclosed area  42  to remove any smoke, pollen, other allergens, dust, or other particulate irritants from the air entering the enclosed area  42 . Removing the particulate irritants eliminates one important environmental cause of eye irritation and reduces the likelihood of suffering from CVS. For example, the filter member  54  may be a high efficiency particulate accumulator (HEPA) filter or the like having filter cartridges that may be easily replaced. 
     Additionally, the eye enclosure  40  includes a pair of lights  32  mounted in the frame  46  that act as visible indicators. the operation of which is discussed above. However, in one alternative embodiment, the lens  47  of the eye enclosure  40  includes a slightly reflective lens  47  characteristic on the inner surface of the lens  47 . Thus, when the lights  32 , located within the enclosed area  42  and directed at the lens  47 , flash to provide the visual blink reminder, the light is reflected off the internal, reflective surface of the lens  47  to the computer user&#39;s eye providing a relatively low intensity flash of light across the full view of the computer user&#39;s vision. Thus, the visual blink reminder is apparent regardless of where the computer user&#39;s eyes  2  are pointed. 
     FIG. 9 shows an alternative, preferred embodiment for the eye enclosure  40 . In this embodiment, the lens  47  is curved and wraps partially around the computer users face to act as an enclosure wall  49  on the sides. An enclosure wall  49  extends the full width of the eye enclosure and is removably attached to the frame  46  above the lens  47 . The removable enclosure wall  49  incorporates the filter member  54  providing greater flexibility for the eye enclosure  40 . Also, the nosepiece  45  is removable. 
     People&#39;s faces are not all shaped the same. Some have more pronounced noses while others have relatively flat noses. By providing a removable nosepiece  45 , the user may select the nosepiece best suited to their face. In this way, the nosepiece may be selected to provide a better seal between the eye enclosure  40  and the computer user&#39;s face providing a better seal for the enclosed area  42 . 
     Once the enclosed area  42  is established by the eye enclosure  40 , the environmental conditions within the enclosed area  42  may be manipulated to provide an optimum, or near optimum, environment for the eyes  2 . One important condition to control within the enclosed area  42  is the moisture in the air (i.e. the humidity). Accordingly, the device  10  preferably incorporates means for moistening the enclosed area  42  (also referred to herein as the “air moistener”). In general, the air moistener may comprise any one of a number of possible embodiments including a nebulizer  60 , additional moistening fluid  82  (such as a hyperosmotic fluid) applied to the computer user&#39;s eyes  2  themselves, an eye insert that slowly dissolves into the cul de sac of the eye and alters the properties of the tear film, or a moistening fluid supply  66  communicating with the enclosed area  42  and adapted to allow the moistening fluid  82  to evaporate into the enclosed area  42 . 
     The device  10  shown in FIG. 8 incorporates a nebulizer  60 . The nebulizer  60  is attached to the eye enclosure  40  and is in fluid communication with the enclosed area  42 . The nebulizer  60  is adapted to provide a supply of nebulized moistening fluid  82  to the enclosed area  42 . 
     FIG. 8 shows a portable base unit  62  connected to and in communication with the eye enclosure  40 . The portable base unit  62  comprises a separate control member  64 , that serves as the signal generator  12 , and a moistening fluid supply  66 . A communication line  50  extends from the portable base unit  62  to the eye enclosure  40  and communicates with the lights  32  and any other equipment on the eye enclosure  40 , such as a blink monitor  16  attached to the inside of the frame  46 , to transmit power, information, and the blink reminder signal therebetween. The control member  64  of the portable base unit  62  includes adjustment members  68  and display members  70  that allow the computer user  1  to monitor and control the blink reminder signal, the nebulizer  60 , and the environmental conditions of the device  10 . 
     The portable base unit  62  includes a removable fill cap  72  that allows the computer user  1  to selectively fill the moistening fluid supply  66  and a view port  74  that allows the computer user  1  to track the amount of moistening fluid  82  in the moistening fluid supply  66 . A pump member  75  within the portable base member directs the moistening fluid  82  through a fluid communication line  50  to the eye enclosure  40 . The frame  46  of the eye enclosure  40  includes fluid passageways therein that direct the moistening fluid  82  to the nebulizer  60  to spray the nebulized moistening fluid  82  into the enclosed area  42 . The control member  64  is adapted to control the rate and amount of nebulized moistening fluid  82  sent to the enclosed area  42 . Thereby, the nebulizer  60  provides an air moistener for the device  10 . 
     A second air moistener comprises a moistening fluid  82  applied to the computer user&#39;s eyes  2  so that the moistening fluid  82  evaporates from the eyes  2 , which acts as a fluid reservoir, and moistens the enclosed area  42 . FIGS. 10 and 11 show two of the possible embodiments for this type of air moistener. FIG. 10 is a schematic drawing showing an eyedropper  80  of moistening fluid  82  being used to manually apply moistening fluid  82  to the computer user&#39;s eye. The eye is partially enclosed by the eye enclosure  40  creating an enclosed area  42 . Once the moistening fluid  82  is applied to the computer user&#39;s eye it evaporates, moistening the air in the enclosed area  42 . 
     Likewise, FIG. 11 is a schematic drawing showing an automated moistening fluid  82  delivery system. In this embodiment, the device  10  includes a moistening fluid supply  66  in fluid communication with a pump member  75 . The pump member  75  is adapted to pump the moistening fluid  82  from the moistening fluid supply  66  through a communication line  50 , in fluid communication therewith, and to the computer user&#39;s eyes  2 . The communication line  50  is positioned and adapted to direct the fluid to the computer user&#39;s eyes  2  and may include a nozzle to accelerate the moistening fluid  82  and propel it to the eyes  2 . 
     An alternative embodiment for the air moistener comprises a moistening fluid supply  66  of moistening fluid  82  in fluid communication with the enclosed area  42 . The moistening fluid supply  66  is adapted to permit evaporation of the moistening fluid  82  from the moistening fluid supply  66  into the enclosed area  42 . One embodiment for this air moistener is shown in FIG.  12  and comprises a liquid permeable member  84 , such as a sponge, adapted to absorb the moistening fluid  82  and permit evaporation of the moistening fluid  82 . The liquid permeable member  84  is attached to the frame  46  and the enclosure wall  49  of the eye enclosure  40  within the enclosed area  42 . The computer user  1  simply applies the moistening fluid  82  to the liquid permeable member  84  before putting on the eye enclosure  40 . Once in place, the moistening fluid  82  evaporates from the liquid permeable member  84  moistening the air in the enclosed area  42 . 
     Another embodiment for this air moistener is shown in FIG.  13  and comprises an open reservoir  86  containing moistening fluid  82 . The open reservoir is attached to the frame  46  and the enclosure wall  49  of the eye enclosure  40  within the enclosed area  42 . The computer user  1  places the moistening fluid  82  within the reservoir  86  before putting on the eye enclosure  40 . Once in place, the moistening fluid  82  evaporates from the reservoir  86  into the enclosed area  42  moistening the air. 
     Each of the described embodiments for the air moistener is provided to increase the moisture in the enclosed area  42  and reduce the effects of evaporation from the eye. Reducing the evaporation, helps to maintain a proper and sufficient preocular tear film  3  which is a major cause of CVS. 
     To further reduce the likelihood of suffering from CVS, the moistening fluid  82  used may be adapted according to the needs of the individual computer user  1 . Computer users may suffer from different types of CVS in that some experience ocular complaints at different times than others and experience different types of ocular complaints from others. Some of these symptoms may relate to the composition of the tear film  3 . The deficiencies in tear film  3  may often be determined by examining the symptoms of the computer user  1 . Thus, once the deficiency is determined, the moistening fluid  82  may be adapted to the needs of the computer user  1 . For a computer user  1  having an aqueous deficiency, the moistening fluid  82  may be a preservative free aqueous; for a computer user  1  having a mucin deficiency, the moistening fluid  82  may be a topical mist of a goblet cell secreting agent such as bromhexine; and for a computer user  1  having a lipid deficiency, the moistening fluid  82  may be a micron drop of ocular oil. Providing a moistening fluid  82  according to the needs of the individual helps to better avoid CVS. 
     Thus, often the problem of maintaining an adequate tear film  3  is caused by the composition of the tear film  3  or may be solved by altering the composition or characteristics of the tear film  3 . Adding one or more of the above-mentioned agents to the moistening fluid  82  provides one manner of changing the characteristics of the tear film  3 . In addition to adding these agents, the moistening fluid  82  may contain other agents that modify the tear film  3  in other ways. For example, the moistening fluid preferably has colligative properties that increase the absorptive characteristics of the tear film  3  and reduce the evaporative characteristics of the tear film  3  comprising a hyperosmotic substance. Providing a hyperosmotic substance in the moistening fluid  82  increases the stability of the tear film  3  by attracting more moisture to the eye  2  and reducing the amount of moisture evaporating from the eye  2 . 
     In an alternative embodiment, rather than providing the agents in the form of a moistening fluid, a small pellet  88  supplies the desired agents. FIG. 1 A is an elevational view of a pellet  88 . FIG. 11B shows the pellet  88  positioned in the computer user&#39;s eye  2 . The pellet  88  is sized and adapted to fit in the cul de sac  4  of the computer user&#39;s eye  2 . Preferably, the pellet  88  has a tear-drop-like shape so that it conforms to the shape of the cul de sac. Once placed in the cul de sac  4  and exposed to the natural eye fluid, the pellet  88  slowly dissolves and releases a substance into the computer user&#39;s cul de sac  4 . Through blinking and diffusion, the substance spreads throughout the tear film  3  and becomes mixed with the tear film  3 . The substance is adapted to alter the characteristics of the tear film  3  and may include the substances previously mentioned (e.g. a preservative free aqueous, an ocular oil, a goblet cell secreting agent, a hyperosmotic substance) or other useful substances. Because the pellet  88  dissolves slowly, a single pellet  88  can be used to control or alter the tear film characteristics for an extended period of time. Also, the pellet may be used in combination with moistening fluid  82  to better moisten the eye  2 . 
     The environment about the computer user&#39;s eyes  2 , the enclosed area  42 , may be further controlled to provide an optimal eye environment to avoid CVS. FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing additional components of the device  10  aimed at controlling the eye environment. The components include means for monitoring and adjusting the temperature of the enclosed area  42  to maintain a predetermined temperature in the enclosed area  42  and means for monitoring and adjusting the humidity of the enclosed area  42  to maintain a predetermined humidity of the enclosed area  42 . The device  10  shown in FIG. 15 includes a central control unit  90 , which may be the computer  5  used by the computer user  1  or a separate control unit. A temperature monitor  20  and a humidity monitor  22  adapted and positioned to monitor the temperature and humidity respectively of the enclosed area  42  are in communication with the central control unit  90  and provide the temperature and humidity information thereto. The central control unit  90  is preprogrammed with the desired temperature and humidity. As the temperature or humidity varies from the preprogrammed values or value ranges, the central control unit  90  activates the temperature control member  92  and the humidity control member  94  as needed. The temperature control member  92  may comprise small resistance type heaters mounted in the frame  46  of the eye enclosure  40  and positioned and insulated to avoid injury. The humidity control member  94  may comprise one of the air moisteners previously described. For example, the humidity control member  94  may comprise a nebulizer  60  with the central control unit  90  directing the flow rate of the nebulized moistening fluid  82 . As the temperature and humidity are interrelated, the control member is adapted to adjust the environmental conditions as needed to optimize the eye environment within the enclosed area  42 . 
     FIGS. 16 through 18 are top, front, and side elevational views another alternative preferred embodiment for the device  10 . This embodiment is an eye enclosure  40  that provides an eyeglass frame  100  supporting a lens  102  as is common for eyeglasses. Side arms  48  attached to the eye enclosure  40  extend rearwardly to provide support for the eyeglass frame  100 . The eyeglass frame  100  defines a periphery  104  that surrounds the computer user&#39;s eyes when worn. A seal  106  is attached to the eyeglass frame  100  near the frame periphery  104  and extends in an inward direction toward the computer user&#39;s face when worn. Preferably, the seal  106  is contiguous and extends about the full periphery of the periphery  104  of the eyeglass frame  100  or substantially about the periphery  104 , although, depending upon the shape of the eyeglass frames, the seal  106  may need to extend about only a portion of the eyeglass frame periphery  104  because the eyeglass frame  100  itself provides a partial seal with the wearer&#39;s face. Additionally, the seal  106  is generally not required in the area of the nosepiece  45  where the nosepiece  45  resting on the wearer&#39;s nose provides a seal. 
     Preferably, the seal  106  is a flexible wall  108  (previously described as the enclosure wall  49 ) that has an attachment end  110  attached to the eyeglass frame  100  and an opposite sealing end  112 . The length of the flexible wall  108  is sufficient that substantially all of the sealing end  112  abuts the computer user&#39;s face when the device  10  is worn to form a seal and enclose the enclosed area  42 . Although the device  10  preferably seals the full periphery of the wearer&#39;s eyes, an alternative embodiment provides a seal about only a portion of the periphery  106 . As previously described, to facilitate the sealing, the flexible wall  108  is resilient and capable of molding to the contours of the computer user&#39;s face. Such resiliency and flexibility is preferably both a function of the material properties of the flexible wall  108  and its physical characteristics or design. Specifically, the flexible wall is preferably made from a flexible material such as plastic, rubber, silicone, or the like. Also, the shape of the flexible wall  108  is adapted to provide flexibility. 
     FIGS. 19 through 21 are partial cross sectional side elevational views of three alternative embodiments for the flexible wall  108 . The embodiment shown in FIG. 19 is substantially linear between its ends and extends substantially perpendicularly from the eyeglass frame. 
     The embodiments shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 are arcuate between its ends. FIG. 20 shows a flexible wall  108  having a channel-like shape (when viewed in cross-section) that has an upwardly extending lip at the sealing end  112 . With the lip and channel-like shape design, the flexible wall  108  will tend to bend in the direction of the channel when the sealing end  112  abuts the wearer&#39;s face. Similarly, the embodiment of the flexible wall  108  shown in FIG. 21 has a bellows-like, or spring-like, shape that provides a natural resiliency and adjusts according to the contours of the face. 
     As with other embodiments, the device  10  shown in FIGS. 16 through 18 provide a filter  54  (or filter member) attached to the eyeglass frame  100  or the seal  106  (generally to the eye enclosure) and providing fluid communication therethrough. Preferably, the filter  54  is a HEPA filter. 
     FIGS. 22 and 23 are partial cross sectional side elevational views of the nosepiece  45  attached to the eyeglass frame  100 . The nosepiece  45  provides a seal proximal the computer user&#39;s face when the device  10  is worn to further seal the enclosed area  42 . As previously discussed, different people have different shaped noses with some having more pronounced noses and others having relatively flat noses or other variations. Thus, to facilitate comfort, fit, and sealing, the nosepiece is preferably selectively removable. Thus, the nosepiece  45  may be selected according to the particular shape of the computer user&#39;s face and the device  10  may be provided with a plurality of nosepieces  45 , each adapted to fit a different common nose shape. 
     In one possible embodiment, shown in FIG. 22 and 23, the eyeglass frame  100  provides a plurality of detents  114  adapted to mate with a plurality of matching bores  116  defined in the nosepiece  45 . The detents  114  and bores  116  cooperate to selectively retain the nosepiece  45  in position. FIGS. 22 and 23 also illustrate one manner of variation of the shape of the nosepiece  45 . In FIG. 22, the upper portion of the nosepiece  45  extends substantially perpendicularly from the eyeglass frame  100  whereas the upper portion of the nosepiece  45  shown in FIG. 23 extends at a downward angle from the eyeglass frame  100 . These and other types of variations are used to accommodate differently shaped faces. 
     Although the primary seal helping to confine the enclosed area  42  is made using the seal  106 , the seal  106 , the eyeglass frame  100 , and/or the nosepiece  45  may combine to complete the seal about the wearer&#39;s eyes and the enclosed area  42 . 
     Other components of the present invention aimed at reducing or eliminating the causes of CVS include relaxing the facial muscles and adjusting the workplace ergonomics. Tense muscles may contribute to CVS. The muscles (e.g. periorbital muscle, masseter muscle, facial muscles, temporalis muscle) may be massaged, injected with a relaxant, or have a skin applied relaxant such as a botulinum toxin placed thereon to relieve the tension and reduce the effects of CVS. 
     Ergonomic factors may also be used to reduce the effects of CVS. For example, lowering the display monitor  6  so that the computer user  1  looks down reduces the size of the eye opening and, thereby, reduces the evaporation of tear film. Other ergonomic factors may help to reduce the effects of CVS. 
     While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims which follow.