Patent Publication Number: US-7581967-B2

Title: Connector with ESD protection

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/465,049, entitled, “Methods for ESD Protection”, filed on the same day as the present application; which application is incorporated in its entirety by reference as if fully set forth herein. 
     BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY 
     This invention relates generally to the use and structure of removable nonvolatile memory devices, particularly those having standardized connectors for interfacing with other electronic systems. 
     Electronic circuit cards, including non-volatile memory cards, have been commercially implemented according to a number of well-known standards. Memory cards are used with personal computers, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), digital still cameras, digital movie cameras, portable audio players and other host electronic devices for the storage of large amounts of data. Such cards usually contain a re-programmable non-volatile semiconductor memory cell array along with a controller that controls operation of the memory cell array and interfaces with a host to which the card is connected. Several of the same type of card may be interchanged in a host card slot designed to accept that type of card. However, the development of the many electronic card standards has created different types of cards that are incompatible with each other in various degrees. A card made according to one standard is usually not useable with a host designed to operate with a card of another standard. Memory card standards include PC Card, CompactFlash™ card (CF™ card), SmartMedia™ card, MultiMediaCard (MMC™), Secure Digital (SD) card, a miniSD™ card, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), Memory Stick™, Memory Stick Duo card and TransFlash™ memory module standards. 
     Small, hand-held re-programmable non-volatile memories have also been made to interface with a computer or other type of host through a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector. These are especially convenient for users who have one or more USB connectors available on the front of their personal computers, particularly if a receptacle slot for one of the above identified memory cards is not present. Such devices are also very useful for transferring data between various host systems that have USB receptacles, including portable devices. Mechanical and electrical details of the USB interface are provided by the “Universal Serial Bus Specification,” revision 2.0, dated Apr. 27, 2000. USB connectors generally feature a metal shell surrounding an opening that contains pins, the metal shell connecting to ground when inserted into a USB receptacle. There are several USB flash drive products commercially available from SanDisk Corporation under its trademark “Cruzer®.” USB flash drives are typically larger and shaped differently than the memory cards described above. 
     Removable memory units (cards, USB flash drives and other units) are generally provided with a standardized connector. In some cases, such connectors are susceptible to damage. A cap may be used to cover such a connector so that it is protected. However, where such covers are separable from the memory unit, they may be lost or damaged easily. One alternative is to provide a connector that retracts into the housing of the memory unit for protection. Examples of such units include Cruzer® Titanium USB flash drives from SanDisk Corporation. In order to provide physical protection, the housing of a flash drive may be made of a metal, such as steel, stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, zinc, a suitable alloy or any other suitable metal. 
     A unit with a retractable connector generally has a feature on the outside of its housing that allows a user to manually slide the connector between a retracted position and an extended position. In the retracted position, the connector is contained within the housing and is protected by the housing. In the extended position, the connector extends through an opening in the housing so that it may be plugged into a receptacle. Such an opening is generally made somewhat larger than the connector so that there is some clearance around the connector to allow it to freely extend and retract without significant friction or binding. 
     Under normal circumstances, some electrostatic charge can develop on the conductive housing which may lead to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) issues. ESD is a discharge of transient charge that may develop on a conductive housing or on a body that is in electrical contact with the housing, causing the housing to be at higher electrical potential with respect to ground requiring a ground path to discharge. Hence many electrical/electronic systems are furnished with ESD protection circuits. These circuits prevent an unwanted transient charge that may develop on a conductive housing from jumping onto sensitive components within the memory system and hence prevent the damage or failure of memory devices. One way to design for ESD protection is to provide a ground path to chassis (PC) ground via a metal shell of a connector. 
     A conductive spring provided between the connector and the housing provides an electrically conductive pathway between the housing and the metal shell of the connector. Thus, the housing and the metal shell are kept at the same potential. When the connector is connected to a receptacle, the metal shell is connected to ground and any charge on the housing is discharged through the conductive spring to the conductive shell. In this way, the memory system is protected from damaging electrostatic discharge. In one example, the conductive spring is formed integrally with the metal shell of the connector. 
     Additional aspects, advantages, features and details of various aspects of the present invention are included in the following description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which description should be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     All patents, patent applications, articles, manuals, standards, specifications, other publications and things referenced herein are hereby incorporated herein by those references in their entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a removable flash memory unit having a retractable USB connector according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  shows a cross sectional view of the removable flash memory unit of  FIG. 1  including a slidable PCB to which the connector is mounted. 
         FIG. 3A  shows a cross section of the removable flash memory unit of  FIG. 1  from the side, with the connector in the retracted position, including an electrically conductive spring extending from the connector. 
         FIG. 3B  shows a cross section of the removable flash memory unit of  FIG. 3A  with the connector in the extended position. 
         FIG. 4A  shows the metal shell of the USB connector of  FIG. 1  including two springs. 
         FIG. 4B  shows a side view of the metal shell of  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 4C  shows a top-down view of the metal shell of  FIG. 4C . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  shows an example of a removable flash memory unit (flash drive)  100  that has a retractable USB connector  103  extending from a housing  101 . Housing  101  is made of a conductive metal in the present example (for example, a Copper alloy or steel). Housing  101  consists of a metal top lid and a metal bottom lid joined together. Other configurations are also possible and a housing may be considered to be conductive even where it includes some insulating components. An opening in housing  101  allows connector  103  to extend from housing  101  so that it can plug into a receptacle. Suitable receptacles according to the USB standard are generally provided on personal computers and other devices. 
       FIG. 2  shows a cross sectional view of removable flash memory unit  100  along the X-Y plane of  FIG. 1 . USB connector  103  is mounted to a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)  205  at one end. Also mounted to PCB  205  are a controller  202  and a memory  201 . Controller  202  and memory  201  form a memory system in the present example. In some cases additional components may be mounted to PCB  205  as part of a memory system. USB connector  103  is connected to controller  202  by electrical conductors (not shown) and controller  202  and flash memory  201  are also connected.  FIG. 2  shows a volume  207  within housing  101  into which PCB  205  may slide. When PCB  205  slides back to occupy volume  207 , connector  103  slides with it so that connector  103  retracts into housing  101 . 
       FIG. 3A  shows a vertical cross section (along a plane perpendicular to the x-axis of  FIG. 1 ) of a portion of removable flash memory unit  100 . Unlike  FIGS. 1 and 2 ,  FIG. 3A  shows connector  103  in a retracted position within housing  101 .  FIG. 3A  shows a spring  310  extending from connector  103  to contact housing  101 . Spring  310  is formed of a conductive metal in this example so that an electrically conductive pathway is formed between connector  103  and housing  101 , this electrically conductive pathway providing desirable ESD protection. In other examples, a conductive spring may have a different configuration, for example extending from the bottom or sides of a connector, or extending from the housing. In the present example, spring  310  contacts housing  101  when connector  103  is in the retracted position, though in other examples a spring may only make contact with a housing when in the extended position. 
       FIG. 3B  shows a portion of flash memory unit  100  in the same view as  FIG. 3A , but with connector  103  in the extended position where it protrudes from housing  101 . Spring  310  is shown contacting housing  101  along edge  320 . As connector  103  slides forward, spring  310  may be depressed by edge  320  and deformed. Spring  310  deforms elastically so that when connector  103  is returned to its retracted state, spring  310  returns to its previous position. As spring  310  deforms it presses against edge  320  to form a low-resistance, metal-to-metal contact with housing  101 . Thus, in the extended position, connector  103  is connected to housing  101  by an electrically conductive, low-resistance pathway. Also, in the retracted position and at all positions between extended and retracted positions, spring  310  maintains a connection between connector  103  and housing  101 . This provides a pathway for electrostatic discharge that has a lower resistance than a pathway through electronic components within housing  101 . Any static charge that may have built up on housing  101  is discharged directly from housing  101  to connector  103  when connector  103  is inserted in a receptacle. When flash memory unit  100  is in use, with connector  103  in a receptacle, the metal shell of connector  103  is connected to chassis ground. Thus, if a person who has an electrostatic charge on their body touches housing  101 , the electrostatic charge discharges from housing  101  to connector  103  without passing through electronic components within housing  101 . Spring  310  provides an alternative route for electrostatic discharge so that instead of discharging through components within housing  101 , current passes directly to connector  103  by a low-resistance pathway. In the present example, spring  310  maintains an electrically conductive, low-resistance pathway at all times, when connector  103  is in the extended position, in the retracted position and at all intermediate positions. 
     In the example illustrated, connector  103  is mounted to PCB  205  so that connector  103  is not separately movable from PCB  205 . However, in other embodiments, USB connector may be moved independently of some or all the components of the memory system and may not always be mounted to a PCB. The present invention is not limited to connectors that are mounted to a PCB. 
     A spring may be provided on either housing  101  or on connector  103 . Alternatively, an additional structure may be added that includes a spring to provide a conductive pathway. For a USB connector, the metal shell of the connector generally provides a pathway to ground when the connector is connected to a receptacle. This metal shell is generally formed of a sheet of metal that wraps around a central opening that contains pins for data transmission. In the present example, spring  310  is formed integrally with the metal shell of connector  103 . That is, spring  310  is formed from the same metal sheet that forms the metal shell of connector  103 . 
       FIG. 4A  shows metal shell  430  of connector  103  prior to installation in housing  101 .  FIG. 4A  shows spring  310  and spring  432  extending from metal shell  430  (spring  432  is not visible in earlier figures). Spring  310  and spring  432  both serve the same purpose. Different numbers of springs may be used in different examples. In some cases, one spring may be sufficient while in other cases, two, three or more springs may be used. Springs may be located on any side of metal shell  430 .  FIG. 4A  shows spring  310  formed from metal shell  430 . Spring  310  is a strip of metal from metal shell  430  that is elongated longitudinally (along the Y-direction of  FIG. 1 ). Spring  310  remains attached to the remainder of metal shell  430  at one end. The other end is bent up from metal shell  430  so that it extends above the upper surface of metal shell  430 . Thus, even where an opening in a housing provides clearance for a standard sized connector, spring  310  extends sufficiently to bridge the gap and maintain an electrically conductive pathway. Spring  310  deforms elastically so that it maintains good contact with housing  101  throughout repeated operation, and does not interfere with movement of connector  103 . A spring may be formed in any suitable shape and may be straight or curved. Forming a spring integrally with a metal shell of a connector provides a simple, reliable structure that creates an electrically conductive, low-resistance pathway between the connector and the housing. 
       FIG. 4B  shows a side view of metal shell  430 . Spring  310  is shown extending 0.75 mm above the upper surface of metal shell  430 . This extends sufficiently to bridge the gap between metal shell  430  and housing  101 . However, a spring may be formed to extend a different amount for a different housing and the dimensions of the present figures are exemplary only. 
       FIG. 4C  shows a top-down view of metal shell  430 . Springs  310 ,  432  are shown extending longitudinally 6.75 millimeters and having a width of 1.0 millimeter. Other dimensions may also be used. For example, a single spring having a width of more than one millimeter (1 mm) may also be used and may provide sufficiently low resistance. 
     In other examples, similar springs may be added to connectors other than USB connectors to provide good connection to a housing or other conductive component which moves with respect to the connector. Examples include connectors provided in various types of memory card and other electronic devices. The present invention is not limited to USB connectors but may also be used with connectors according to different standards. For example, FireWire connectors may be similarly provided with springs where appropriate. 
     Although the various aspects of the present invention have been described with respect to exemplary embodiments and variations thereof, it will be understood that the invention is entitled to protection within the full scope of the appended claims.