Patent Publication Number: US-2022230111-A1

Title: Power storage device management system, storage device, server device, power storage device management method, program, and storage medium

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 17/267,817 filed on Feb. 11, 2021, which is a Section 371 National Phase of PCT International application No. PCT/JP2019/036865 filed Sep. 20, 2019, the entire contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-175994 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-175995 both filed on Sep. 20, 2018, the contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a power storage device management system, a storage device, a server device, a power storage device management method, a program, and a storage medium. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In recent years, electric vehicles such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which travel using electric motors driven with electric power supplied from batteries, have been developed. In the electric vehicles, when a battery, which is a drive source, has run out of power, it is necessary to charge the battery to continue subsequent traveling. 
     Incidentally, some of recent electric vehicles adopt batteries configured to be removable (hereinafter referred to as “removable batteries”). When a currently mounted removable battery runs out of power in an electric vehicle that uses a removable battery, it is possible to continue traveling by performing replacement with another removable battery storing sufficient electric power such as a spare removable battery whose charging is completed. Thereby, a user using an electric vehicle adopting a removable battery can continue to use the electric vehicle without the need for a time period other than a time period required to replace the currently mounted removable battery with a spare removable battery, i.e., a charging time period required to charge the removable battery while the electric vehicle is in use. That is, the user using the electric vehicle adopting the removable battery can eliminate the time loss due to a time period required to charge the removable battery. Thus, the development of a so-called battery sharing service in which a removable battery is shared by a plurality of users using electric vehicles has been studied in recent years. 
     Thus, for example, technology of a shared battery management system for driving an automobile as in Patent Document 1 has been disclosed as a mechanism of a battery sharing service in an electric vehicle. Patent Document 1 discloses a battery replacement mechanism that eliminates the need for a time period required to charge a battery of an electric vehicle using the shared battery management system. This battery replacement mechanism is a mechanism for smoothly and reliably performing the replacement of batteries shared by a plurality of electric vehicles. In the battery replacement mechanism disclosed in Patent Document 1, a driver (a user) of the electric vehicle visits a battery replacement station when the battery needs to be replaced, removes the battery from the electric vehicle, and replaces the removed battery with a charged battery charged at a battery replacement station. 
     Here, in the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, a unique IC card is attached to each battery shared by a plurality of electric vehicles. Information is written to the IC card attached to each battery in the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1 while the electric vehicle is traveling and while replacement work is being performed at the battery replacement station. Also, in the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, the battery replacement station includes a charging facility and a station management device. Also, in the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, the charging facility includes a charging device and a controller having an IC card reading/writing function and a charging status monitoring function. Also, in the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, the station management device is connected to the controller wirelessly or through a wired cable so that communication is enabled and communication with the system management device via a communication network such as the Internet is further enabled. In the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, the station management device transmits and receives information about the battery to and from the system management device at a predetermined timing. Thereby, in the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, a system management device accesses a battery management database within the system management device and collectively manages information about batteries. 
     Incidentally, in the battery replacement mechanism using the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is shown that a staff member performs the battery replacement work. However, the need for installing battery replacement stations in various places is conceivable to promote the battery sharing service. Thus, in order to promote the battery sharing service, it is desirable to implement a mechanism for enabling the battery replacement to be automatically performed without the intervention of a staff member waiting at the battery replacement station, i.e., a human being other than a user using an electric vehicle, such as the battery replacement mechanism using the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1. Therefore, in the battery replacement mechanism using the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, the following processing procedure is generally conceivable as a processing procedure at the battery replacement station in consideration of a processing procedure for automatically replacing the battery without the intervention of the staff member. 
     (Procedure 1): A driver (a user) of an electric vehicle removes a battery that needs to be charged from the electric vehicle at a visited battery replacement station. Subsequently, the driver (the user) of the electric vehicle installs the removed battery in, for example, a battery charger provided in the battery replacement station. Thereby, a station management device provided in the battery replacement station acquires information of an IC card attached to the battery installed in the battery charger. 
     (Procedure 2): The station management device transmits the acquired information of the battery IC card to the system management device via the communication network. 
     (Procedure 3): The system management device, which has received the information of the IC card transmitted from the station management device, combines the received information of the IC card with the information of the IC card stored in the battery management database and determines whether or not a battery having the attached IC card to which the received information has been written is a battery capable of being replaced at the battery replacement station. The system management device transmits a determination result to the station management device via the communication network. 
     (Procedure 4): The station management device, which has received the battery determination result transmitted from the system management device, replaces the battery installed in the battery charger by the driver (the user) of the electric vehicle with a charged battery when the received determination result is a result indicating a battery capable of being replaced. Thereby, the driver (the user) of the electric vehicle can receive the charged battery after the replacement, attach (mount) the received battery to the electric vehicle, and use the electric vehicle again, i.e., can leave a battery replacement station to resume traveling. 
     (Procedure 5): Also, the charging facility provided in the battery replacement station starts charging of the replaced battery (a battery running out of power). 
     As described above, in the battery replacement mechanism using the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, after the station management device and the system management device provided in the battery replacement station perform communication via the communication network and the system management device determines that a battery is a battery capable of being replaced on the basis of information of the IC card attached to the battery, the driver (the user) of the electric vehicle can use the charged battery. 
     Also, various technologies related to battery sharing services for electric vehicles have been proposed. For example, Patent Document 2 discloses technology related to a battery rental method of renting out a battery for an article that operates using a battery. The technology disclosed in Patent Document 2 is technology related to a vehicle rental system including a removable battery. In the technology disclosed in Patent Document 2, when a battery is rented out by a battery supply device placed in the same bicycle parking booth as that for an electric motorcycle, which is an example of a vehicle that is rented out in a rental system, a central processor provided in the battery supply device selects the battery to be rented out by operating a battery rental processing means incorporated as software. 
     In the battery rental method disclosed in Patent Document 2, thinking when the battery rental processing means incorporated as the software rents out a battery in accordance with the state of the battery in the battery supply device is shown. More specifically, in Patent Document 2, a process in which the battery rental processing means rents out a fully charged battery having a small charging count when there are a plurality of fully charged batteries in the battery supply device and rents out any fully charged battery that remains at present when a plurality of fully charged batteries are not provided in the battery supply device is disclosed. Also, in Patent Document 2, a process in which, when no fully charged battery is provided in the battery supply device, the battery rental processing means rents out a battery which is close to a fully charged battery and whose charging voltage is greater than or equal to a specified level and does not rent out a battery whose charging voltage is less than the specific level is disclosed. 
     As described above, a method of renting out a battery to a user of an electric vehicle in accordance with the state of a battery in the battery supply device is disclosed as the battery rental method disclosed in Patent Document 2. 
     Also, as another example of a movable object in which a battery can be removably loaded into a main body of the movable object, a portable charging/power supply device including a battery and a charging/power supplier formed to have an accommodation chamber for accommodating the battery is known (see, for example, Patent Document 3). 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Document 
     [Patent Document 1] 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2011-096233 
     [Patent Document 2] 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. H11-259709 
     [Patent Document 3] 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2019-068552 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     However, a place where the battery replacement station is installed is not always a place where a station management device and a system management device can stably perform communication via a communication network all the time. For example, in an area where a communication network is developing, it is not always possible to ensure the communication speed and communication connection stability required for the station management device and the system management device to communicate with each other. 
     In the battery replacement mechanism using the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, when the communication speed and the communication connection stability between the station management device and the system management device are lowered, it is assumed that a malfunction such as a delay of information exchange (communication) between the station management device and the system management device and non-execution of communication will occur. That is, when the state of communication (an environment of communication) between the station management device and the system management device deteriorates, it may be difficult to exchange necessary information when the battery replacement is performed such as information of an IC card attached to a battery desired to be replaced at the battery replacement station by the driver (the user) of the electric vehicle or a determination result of determining whether or not a battery is a battery capable of being replaced at the battery replacement station in the system management device. In this case, the battery replacement mechanism using the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1 may not accept the battery replacement desired by the driver (the user) of the electric vehicle. That is, if the communication speed and the communication connection stability between the station management device and the system management device are lowered, the battery replacement mechanism using the shared battery management system disclosed in Patent Document 1 may have to stop the battery replacement work in the battery sharing service. 
     Also, when a method of renting out a removable battery in the battery sharing service is taken into account from the viewpoint of an operator who provides the battery sharing service, the battery rental method disclosed in Patent Document 2 is not always a preferable method. This is because general power storage batteries including removable batteries rented out in the battery sharing service deteriorate due to iterations of charging and discharging. Thus, the operator who provides the battery sharing service is required to perform new removable battery replacement so that a removable battery whose available discharging capacity is less than a specified value due to a predetermined charging count or more is not rented out as part of the battery sharing service because of needed maintenance. 
     For example, a case in which a removable battery with a small charging count is rented out is conceivable as in the battery rental method disclosed in Patent Document 2. In this case, in the battery sharing service, deterioration states of many removable batteries can be made uniform and a frequency of maintenance for replacing the removable batteries can be reduced. However, in this case, during a period when the battery sharing service is operated, a large number of removable batteries having a large charging count, i.e., a large number of removable batteries that need to be replaced, may occur at the same time. Thus, the operator who provides the battery sharing service needs to provide a large number of new removable batteries for replacement in the maintenance work at the same time to continue the operation of the battery sharing service and maintenance of the battery sharing service requires significant costs. 
     On the other hand, in contrast to the battery rental method disclosed in Patent Document 2, a method of renting out a removable battery with a large charging count is also conceivable. In this case, during a period when the battery sharing service is in operation, the number of removable batteries with a large charging count will increase little by little, so that it is only necessary to perform replacement with a small number of new removable batteries in the periodic maintenance work of the battery sharing service. Thus, because significant costs for continuing the operation of the battery sharing service are not required, the operator who provides the battery sharing service can operate a stable battery sharing service with less uneven expenditure. However, in this case, the number of times of maintenance work (removable battery replacement work) of the battery sharing service will increase. 
     As described above, in the battery sharing service, the action of the operator who provides the battery sharing service differs according to a removable battery rental method. For this reason, it is considered desirable for the battery sharing service to change the removable battery rental method according to an operation method of the operator who provides the battery sharing service. 
     However, in the battery rental method disclosed in Patent Document 2, the battery rental method is controlled by the battery rental processing means incorporated as software in the central processor provided in the battery supply device. Thus, in the mechanism of the battery sharing service using the technology disclosed in Patent Document 2, it will be necessary to change the battery rental processing means itself incorporated as software when a change to the rental method of renting out removable batteries from the removable battery having a largest charging count as described above is made. That is, in the mechanism of the battery sharing service using the technology disclosed in Patent Document 2, it is necessary to provide a battery rental processing means incorporated as software (develop software) according to each operation method for the operator of the battery sharing service. 
     In general, the development of software corresponding to different specifications, i.e., the customization of software, becomes a burden on the developer and requires large costs. Thus, in the mechanism of the battery sharing service using the technology disclosed in Patent Document 2, a process of providing a battery rental processing means according to each operation method for the operator of the battery sharing service will become a burden on the developer who develops the battery supply device for use in the battery sharing service and large costs will be required to construct the battery sharing service. 
     Also, in general, it is necessary to change the software to be executed by the central processor after the device or system is stopped. Therefore, even if the battery rental processing means incorporated in the central processor provided in the battery supply device as software can be changed in the mechanism of the battery sharing service using the technology disclosed in Patent Document 2, the battery supply device is forced to be stopped (paused) or the battery sharing service is forced to stopped (suspended) during a period when the software is being changed. 
     Aspects of the present invention have been made on the basis of the above-described problem recognition and an objective of the present invention is to provide a power storage device management system, a storage device, a server device, a power storage device management method, a program, and a storage medium capable of constructing a battery sharing service in which reception of a battery is accepted without being affected by a communication state. 
     Solution to Problem 
     (1) A power storage device management system (for example, a shared battery management system  10  or a shared battery management system  10 A) according to an aspect of the present invention for achieving the above-described objective includes: a storage device (for example, a battery replacement device  100  or a battery replacement device  100 A) configured to store power storage devices (for example, removable batteries  510 ) that are removably mounted on an electric power device (for example, an electric motorcycle  50 ) using electric power; and a server device (for example, an operation server  200  or an operation server  200 A) communicatively connected to the storage device (for example, via a network NW), wherein the server device includes a first storage unit (for example, a server storage  210  or a server storage  210 A) storing identification information (for example, a battery ID) of a power storage device shared by a plurality of users (for example, users of electric motorcycles  50 ) among the power storage devices as storage identification information (for example, an available battery list L or a rentable battery list B), and wherein the storage device includes a second storage unit (for example, a replacement device storage  130  or a replacement device storage  130 A) storing the storage identification information received from the server device; and a determiner (for example, a replacement device controller  140  or a replacement device controller  140 A) configured to determine whether or not reception of the power storage device is possible on the basis of the storage identification information stored in the second storage unit when the power storage device (for example, a used battery  510   u ) has been received from a user. 
     (2) In the above-described aspect (1), the storage device includes a provider (for example, the replacement device controller  140  or the replacement device controller  140 A) configured to determine the stored power storage device (for example, a charged battery  510   c ) to be provided to the user when the determiner determines that the reception of the power storage device from the user is possible. 
     (3) In the above-described aspect (1) or (2), the determiner is configured to determine whether or not the reception of the power storage device is possible on the basis of the storage identification information stored in the second storage unit before the reception. 
     (4) In any one of the above-described aspects (1) to (3), the storage device is configured to ask the server device about whether or not the storage identification information has been updated at predetermined time intervals (for example, every three hours, every day, every five minutes, or the like) and receive the storage identification information from the server device and store the received storage identification information in the second storage unit only when the storage identification information has been updated. 
     (5) In any one of the above-described aspects (2) to (4), the storage identification information includes the order in which the stored power storage devices are provided and the provider is configured to determine the stored power storage device to be provided to the user on the basis of the order when the determiner determines that the reception of the power storage device from the user is possible. 
     (6) In any one of the above-described aspects (1) to (5), the server device or the storage device includes a deleter (for example, a server controller  220 A or the replacement device controller  140 A) configured to delete identification information of a specific power storage device from the storage identification information. 
     (7) In any one of the above-described aspect (5) or (6), the storage device includes a state acquirer (for example, an information acquirer  143 A) configured to acquire state information of the stored power storage device; and a transmitter (for example, a replacement device communicator  150 A) configured to transmit the state information (for example, a battery state list S) acquired by the state acquirer to the server device (for example, via the network NW), and the server device includes a decider (for example, the server controller  220 A) configured to decide the order in which the power storage device stored in the storage device is provided to the user on the basis of the state information transmitted by the transmitter (for example, configured to create the rentable battery list B). 
     (8) In any one of the above-described aspects (5) to (7), the server device is configured to decide the power storage device capable of being provided to the user in the storage device and the order in which the power storage device is provided in logic according to a preset rule in correspondence with the storage device. 
     (9) In any one of the above-described aspect (7) or (8), the state information includes identification information (for example, the battery ID) of the stored power storage device and at least information of a charging count, information of a deterioration state, and information of a charge rate. 
     (10) In any one of the above-described aspects (1) to (9), the determiner is configured to determine that the reception of the power storage device received from the user is not possible when identification information of the received power storage device is not included in the storage identification information and the determiner is configured to determine that the reception of the power storage device received from the user is possible when identification information of the received power storage device is included in the storage identification information. 
     (11) In any one of the above-described aspects (1) to (10), the storage device includes a responder (for example, the replacement device controller  140  or the replacement device controller  140 A) configured to prohibit the stored power storage device from being provided to the user or notify the user that the reception of the power storage device is not possible (for example, using a display  110 ) when the determiner determines that the reception of the power storage device from the user is not possible. 
     (12) In any one of the above-described aspects (1) to (11), the storage device includes a charger (for example, a charging controller  141  or a charging controller  141 A) configured to charge the power storage device received from the user after the stored power storage device is provided to the user. 
     (13) According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power storage device management system (for example, a shared battery management system  10 A) including: a storage device (for example, a battery replacement device  100 A) configured to store power storage devices (for example, removable batteries  510 ) that are removably mounted on an electric power device (for example, an electric motorcycle  50 ) using electric power; and a server device (for example, an operation server  200 A) communicatively connected to the storage device (for example, via a network NW), wherein the storage device includes a first transmitter (for example, a replacement device communicator  150 A) configured to transmit storage information (for example, a battery state list S) that is information including identification information (for example, a battery ID) of the power storage device stored in the storage device to the server device, and wherein the server device includes a decider (for example, a server controller  220 A) configured to decide provision information (for example, a rentable battery list B) including the order in which the power storage device stored in the storage device is provided to a user (for example, a user of the electric motorcycle  50 ) on the basis of the storage information transmitted by the first transmitter; and a second transmitter (for example, a server communicator  230 A) configured to transmit the provision information decided by the decider to the storage device. 
     (14) According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a storage device including: an accommodator (for example, a battery slot  120 ) configured to accommodate power storage devices that are removably mounted on an electric power device using electric power; a second storage unit storing identification information of a power storage device shared by a plurality of users among the power storage devices as storage identification information, the identification information of the power storage device being received from a server device communicatively connected to the server device; and a determiner configured to determine whether or not reception of the power storage device is possible on the basis of the storage identification information stored in the second storage unit when the power storage device has been received from a user. 
     (15) According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a server device communicatively connected to a storage device configured to store power storage devices that are removably mounted on an electric power device using electric power so that communication with the storage device is enabled, wherein the server device includes a first storage unit storing identification information of a power storage device shared by a plurality of users among the power storage devices as storage identification information, and wherein the server device is configured to manage the storage identification information including identification information of a plurality of power storage devices capable of being provided in the storage device. 
     (16) According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power storage device management method that causes a computer of a storage device including an accommodator configured to accommodate power storage devices that are removably mounted on an electric power device using electric power to perform steps of: a step of receiving identification information of a power storage device shared by a plurality of users as storage identification information from a server device communicatively connected to the server device and storing the storage identification information; and a step of determining whether or not reception of the power storage device is possible on the basis of the storage identification information that is stored when the power storage device has been received from a user. 
     (17) According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a program for causing a computer of a storage device including an accommodator configured to accommodate power storage devices that are removably mounted on an electric power device using electric power to execute steps of: a step of receiving identification information of a power storage device shared by a plurality of users as storage identification information from a server device communicatively connected to the server device and storing the storage identification information; and a step of determining whether or not reception of the power storage device is possible on the basis of the storage identification information that is stored when the power storage device has been received from a user. 
     (18) According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a computer of a storage device including an accommodator configured to accommodate power storage devices that are removably mounted on an electric power device using electric power to execute steps of: a step of receiving identification information of a power storage device shared by a plurality of users as storage identification information from a server device communicatively connected to the server device and storing the storage identification information; and a step of determining whether or not reception of the power storage device is possible on the basis of the storage identification information that is stored when the power storage device has been received from a user. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     According to the above-described aspects, the server device is configured to store the identification information of the power storage device shared by the plurality of users among the power storage devices as the storage identification information in the first storage unit and the storage device is configured to receive the storage identification information from the server device and store the received storage identification information in the second storage unit. When the power storage device has been received from the user, the storage device is configured to determine whether or not the reception of the power storage device is possible on the basis of the storage identification information stored in the second storage unit. Thereby, in the power storage device management system, the storage device can also independently determine the provision of the stored power storage device in a situation in which communication between the storage device and the server device is not available. Thereby, the power storage device management system can construct a battery sharing service without being affected by the state of communication between the storage device and the server device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram showing a concept of a battery sharing service adopting a shared battery management system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a removable battery managed in the shared battery management system of the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a battery replacement device constituting the shared battery management system of the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an operation server constituting the shared battery management system of the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a process of acquiring information of a removable battery capable of being replaced in a battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system of the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a process of replacing a removable battery in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system of the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram schematically showing a flow of a procedure for replacing a removable battery in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system of the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram schematically showing a flow of a procedure for replacing a removable battery in a battery sharing service adopting a conventional shared battery management system. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram showing a concept of a battery sharing service adopting a shared battery management system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a removable battery managed in the shared battery management system of the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a battery replacement device constituting the shared battery management system of the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 12  is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an operation server constituting the shared battery management system of the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 13  is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a process of acquiring information of a removable battery capable of being rented out in a battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system of the second embodiment 
         FIG. 14  is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a process of renting out a removable battery in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system of the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 15  is a diagram schematically showing a flow of a procedure for renting out a removable battery in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system of the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 16  is a diagram schematically showing a flow of a procedure for renting out a removable battery in a battery sharing service adopting a conventional shared battery management system. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, a power storage device management system, a storage device, a server device, a power storage device management method, a program, and a storage medium according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     First Embodiment 
     Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, a case in which a power storage device management system of the first embodiment is a shared battery management system for managing the reception of a plurality of removable batteries shared by a plurality of saddle riding-type electric vehicles (hereinafter referred to as “electric motorcycles”), which are electric power devices using electric power of a battery (hereinafter referred to as a “removable battery”) that is a power storage device configured to be removable, and managing the provision of alternative removable batteries will be described. 
     (Overall Configuration) 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram showing a concept of a so-called battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 1 , a shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment is configured to include a battery replacement device  100  and an operation server  200 . Also, although one operation server  200  may be configured to correspond to a plurality of battery replacement devices  100  in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment, only one battery replacement device  100  is shown in  FIG. 1 . Also, in  FIG. 1 , an electric motorcycle  50  using a battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10  is shown. 
     The electric motorcycle  50  is an electric vehicle that travels using an electric motor driven with electric power supplied from a removable battery  510 . Also, the electric motorcycle  50  may be a hybrid electric vehicle that travels according to driving by a combination of a removable battery  510  and an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine. Accordingly, the electric motorcycle  50  is an example of an electric vehicle that uses the battery sharing service. 
     The removable battery  510  is a cassette type power storage device (a secondary battery) that is removably mounted on the electric motorcycle  50 . At least one removable battery  510  is mounted on one electric motorcycle  50 . In the following description, the electric motorcycle  50  will be described as an electric vehicle equipped with one removable battery  510 . The removable battery  510  is a power storage device shared by a plurality of electric vehicles. It is possible to identify the removable battery  510  itself using exclusively assigned identification information (hereinafter referred to as a “battery ID”). Also, although, for example, the serial number of the removable battery  510 , is conceivable as the battery ID, various types of battery IDs are conceivable in the present invention. 
     The battery replacement device  100  is a facility that is installed in a plurality of places and stores and charges one or more removable batteries  510 . Also, the battery replacement device  100  is a facility that executes a procedure for replacing a removable battery  510  desired to be replaced by a user of the shared battery management system  10  (a user of the electric motorcycle  50  or the like) with a stored removable battery  510 . The battery replacement device  100  is connected to the operation server  200  via a network NW. Here, the network NW is a communication network such as a communication network for wireless communication. Also, the network NW may be a communication network for wired communication. However, in the present invention, it is considered that a more significant effect can be obtained when the network NW is a communication network for wireless communication than when the network NW is a communication network for wired communication. 
     The battery replacement device  100  exchanges information with the operation server  200  using communication via the network NW and replaces the removable battery  510 . More specifically, the battery replacement device  100  acquires information of the battery ID of the removable battery  510  capable of being replaced from the operation server  200  via the network NW. Also, the battery replacement device  100  previously acquires and stores an available battery list, which is created as information of battery IDs by the operation server  200  and in which battery IDs of removable batteries  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100  are recorded. In the available battery list, battery IDs of removable batteries  510  capable of being shared by a plurality of users such as users of electric motorcycles  50  using the battery sharing service are recorded. The battery ID of the removable battery  510  recorded in the available battery list is, for example, a battery ID of a removable battery  510  approved by an operator of the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10  or a manager of the shared battery management system  10 . Also, the battery IDs of the removable batteries  510  recorded in the available battery list may be arranged in the order in which the battery replacement device  100  rents out the removable batteries  510 . In other words, information of the order in which the battery replacement device  100  rents out the removable batteries  510  may be recorded in the available battery list. The battery replacement device  100  can confirm a battery ID recorded in the available battery list and comprehensively ascertain whether or not a removable battery  510  to which the battery ID is assigned is a removable battery  510  provided (shared) in the battery sharing service. In  FIG. 1 , the state in which an available battery list L created by the operation server  200  is acquired from the operation server  200  via the network NW is shown. The battery replacement device  100  independently determines whether or not the removable battery  510  running out of power brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced on the basis of information of the battery IDs of the removable batteries  510  included in the available battery list L acquired from the operation server  200 . When it is determined that the removable battery  510  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced, the battery replacement device  100  replaces the removable battery  510  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with the stored removable battery  510 . 
     In  FIG. 1 , an example of the configuration of the battery replacement device  100  is shown. In the battery replacement device  100  shown in  FIG. 1 , a display  110  and eight battery slots  120 - 1  to  120 - 8  having a charging function are provided in a housing  101 . Also, in the following description, when each of the eight battery slots  120 - 1  to  120 - 8  is not distinguished, it is simply referred to as the “battery slot  120 ” in a state in which the hyphen “-” and the number following the hyphen “-” are omitted. 
     The display  110  provided in the battery replacement device  100  is a display device that displays information of a notification to be provided to the user of the electric motorcycle  50 . The display  110  is configured to include, for example, a thin film transistor (TFT) liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic electro luminescence (EL) display, an electrophoretic display device using electronic ink, and the like. The display  110  displays information about the battery sharing service such as whether the removable battery  510  can be currently replaced at the battery replacement device  100 . 
     The battery slots  120  provided in the battery replacement device  100  include a battery slot  120  in which the removable battery  510  is accommodated (inserted) and a battery slot  120  in which no removable battery  510  is accommodated (inserted). Also, the battery slot  120  in which the removable battery  510  is accommodated includes a battery slot  120  in which the removable battery  510  is being charged and a battery slot  120  in which the charged removable battery  510  whose charging is completed and which is stored and waits for replacement (on standby). Also, the battery slot  120  in which no removable battery  510  is accommodated waits for the removable battery  510  desired to be replaced to be inserted thereinto by the user of the electric motorcycle  50 . 
     Each battery slot  120  includes a battery accommodator  120 H and an opening/closing lid  120 L. The battery accommodator  120 H has a structure in which an opening is provided on a front surface thereof and the removable battery  510  can be moved in and out of the battery accommodator  120 H through the opening. A structure for performing a charging process or acquiring the battery ID of the removable battery  510  when a connection with the accommodated removable battery  510  is made is provided on a back side of the battery accommodator  120 H. The opening/closing lid  120 L is a lid for opening/closing the opening on the front surface of the battery accommodator  120 H and has a structure in which the removable battery  510  can be moved in and out of the battery accommodator  120 H when the opening is in an open state and the removable battery  510  cannot be moved in and out of the battery accommodator  120 H when the opening is in a closed state. According to the above-described structure, each battery slot  120  can restrict the insertion and removal of the removable battery  510  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H by locking the opening/closing lid  120 L in the closed state. 
     The battery accommodator  120 H and the opening/closing lid  120 L in the battery slot  120 - 1  is shown in  FIG. 1 . Also, in the following description, when the battery accommodator  120 H and the opening/closing lid  120 L of each of the eight battery slots  120 - 1  to  120 - 8  are distinguished from each other, the hyphen “-” and a number following the hyphen “-” are shown. For example, the battery accommodator  120 H of the battery slot  120 - 1  is referred to as a “battery accommodator  120 - 1 H” and the opening/closing lid  120 L of the battery slot  120 - 1  is referred to as an “opening/closing lid  120 - 1 L.” 
     Also, the state in which the removable battery  510  is moved in and out of the battery slot  120 - 1  is shown in  FIG. 1 . Also, in the following description, the removable battery  510  accommodated in the battery slot  120  by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  due to power consumption is referred to as a “used battery  510   u ” and the removable battery  510  whose charging is completed by the battery replacement device  100  and which can be moved out of the battery slot  120  by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is referred to as a “charged battery  510   c. ” Thereby, in the following description, the state of the electric power stored in the removable battery  510  is distinguished. 
     Also, the configuration of the battery replacement device  100  shown in  FIG. 1  is an example and various configurations is conceivable as the configuration of the battery replacement device  100  in the present invention. 
     The operation server  200  is a server facility that manages a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100 . The operation server  200  creates and stores at least an available battery list (an available battery list L) in which battery IDs of removable batteries  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100  are recorded. Also, the operation server  200  updates the created available battery list L. Also, for example, the creation and update of the available battery list L and the like in the operation server  200  are performed by a manager of the shared battery management system  10  or the like operating a terminal (not shown) connected to the operation server  200 . More specifically, the operation server  200  updates the available battery list L by registering the battery ID of the removable battery  510  to be added in the available battery list L when a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100  is newly added through an operation of the terminal (not shown) by the manager or the like. Also, the operation server  200  updates the available battery list L by deleting the battery ID of a removable battery  510  to be deregistered from the available battery list L when the removable battery  510  that cannot be replaced at the battery replacement device  100  due to deterioration or destruction of the registered removable battery  510  is deregistered according to an operation of the terminal (not shown) by the manager or the like. The operation server  200  transmits the available battery list L created or updated in response to a request from the battery replacement device  100  to the battery replacement device  100 , which has transmitted the request, via the network NW. 
     Thereby, the battery replacement device  100  acquires the available battery list L from the operation server  200  via the network NW. The battery replacement device  100  performs a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  on the basis of information of the battery ID of the removable battery  510  included in the available battery list L acquired from the operation server  200 . 
     Also, the battery replacement device  100  acquires an available battery list L from the operation server  200  in advance, for example, at predetermined relatively long-time intervals that do not interfere with the charging of the used battery  510   u,  such as once every three hours or once a day and stores the acquired available battery list L. Thus, the battery replacement device  100  does not need to communicate with the operation server  200  via the network NW every time a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  is performed. More specifically, the battery replacement device  100  does not acquire information of the battery ID of the removable battery  510  capable of being replaced by performing communication with the operation server  200  via the network NW every time it is determined whether the removable battery  510  running out of power brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced. The battery replacement device  100  independently performs a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  on the basis of the information of the battery ID of the removable battery  510  included in the available battery list L previously acquired from the operation server  200 . Thus, the battery replacement device  100  does not need to stop or suspend a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  even if the communication with the operation server  200  via the network NW is interrupted or stable communication cannot be performed. Thereby, the battery replacement device  100  can continue to perform the procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  independently without being affected by the state of communication (an environment of communication) with the operation server  200  via the network NW. In other words, the battery replacement device  100  can continue to provide the battery sharing service to the user of the electric motorcycle  50 . 
     According to the above-described configuration, in the shared battery management system  10 , the used battery  510   u  is replaced with the charged battery  510   c  whose charging is completed and which is stored in the battery replacement device  100  when the used battery  510   u  running out of power brought in the battery replacement device  100  by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced. 
     Next, each component constituting the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment will be described in more detail. 
     (Configuration of Removable Battery  510 ) 
     First, an example of a configuration of the removable battery  510  will be described.  FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the removable battery  510  managed in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the removable battery  510  includes a power storage  511 , a battery management unit (BMU)  513 , and a connector  515 . Also, the BMU  513  includes a measurement sensor  512  and a storage  514 . 
     The power storage  511  is configured to include a storage battery that stores electric power through charging and is discharged with the stored power. As the storage battery included in the power storage  511 , for example, a secondary battery such as a lead storage battery or a lithium-ion battery, a capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor, a composite battery in which a secondary battery and a capacitor are combined, or the like are conceivable. Also, in the present invention, various configurations are conceivable as the configuration of the power storage  511 . 
     The measurement sensor  512  includes various types of sensors for measuring the state of the power storage  511 . The measurement sensor  512  measures the voltage stored in the power storage  511  using, for example, a voltage sensor. Also, the measurement sensor  512  measures the electric current flowing through the power storage  511  using, for example, a current sensor. Also, the measurement sensor  512  measures the temperature at which the power storage  511  is charged or the power storage  511  is discharged using, for example, a temperature sensor. The measurement sensor  512  outputs a measured value indicating a measured state of the power storage  511  to a processor on the BMU  513 . 
     The BMU  513  is a battery management unit and controls charging and discharging of the power storage  511 . The BMU  513  is configured to include a processor such as, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), and a memory such as, for example, a read only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (RAM), as the storage  514 . In the BMU  513 , the CPU implements a control function of the power storage  511  by reading and executing a program stored in the storage  514 . The BMU  513  causes the storage  514  to store information such as content of the control performed on the power storage  511  on the basis of the measured value indicating the state of the power storage  511  output from the measurement sensor  512 . 
     The storage  514  stores information of an abnormality or a failure detected by the BMU  513  itself, an abnormality or a failure of the power storage  511  ascertained using the measurement sensor  512 , or the like. The storage  514  is configured to include, for example, a memory such as a ROM, a RAM, or a flash memory. Also, the storage  514  stores identification information (hereinafter referred to as a “battery ID”) exclusively assigned to the removable battery  510 . Also, the storage  514  may store identification information (for example, a “user ID”) of the user of the electric motorcycle  50  currently using the removable battery  510 . 
     The connector  515  is a connector that supplies the electric power stored in the power storage  511  to the electric motor that is the drive source of the electric motorcycle  50  when the removable battery  510  has been mounted on the electric motorcycle  50 . Also, the connector  515  is connected to a structure that is connected to the removable battery  510  provided on the back side of the battery accommodator  120 H when the removable battery  510  has been accommodated in the battery slot  120  provided in the battery replacement device  100  and is also a connector for performing the transmission of information such as a battery ID that is exchanged between the removable battery  510  and the battery replacement device  100  or the transmission of electric power. 
     (Configuration of Battery Replacement Device  100 ) 
     Subsequently, an example of a configuration of the battery replacement device  100  will be described.  FIG. 3  is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a battery replacement device  100  constituting the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the battery replacement device  100  includes a display  110 , a connector  120 T, a charger  120 C, a replacement device storage  130 , a replacement device controller  140 , and a replacement device communicator  150 . Also, the replacement device controller  140  includes a charging controller  141 , a measurement sensor  142 , an information acquirer  143 , and a processor  144 . 
     The connector  120 T is a connector having a structure that is electrically connected to the connector  515  provided in the accommodated removable battery  510  in the battery slot  120  provided in the battery replacement device  100 . In the battery replacement device  100 , the connector  120 T is provided on the back side of the battery accommodator  120 H for each battery slot  120 . Each connector  120 T transmits information such as a battery ID that is exchanged between the removable battery  510  accommodated in the corresponding battery slot  120  and the replacement device controller  140 . Also, the connector  120 T transmits electric power to and from the removable battery  510 . That is, the connector  120 T supplies electric power for charging to the power storage  511  provided in the removable battery  510 . 
     The charger  120 C is a charger that charges the removable battery  510  in accordance with control from the replacement device controller  140  when the removable battery  510  is accommodated in the battery slot  120  and the connector  515  of the accommodated removable battery  510  and the connector  120 T are connected. The charger  120 C charges the removable battery  510  by supplying electric power to the power storage  511  of the removable battery  510  via the connector  120 T. In the battery replacement device  100 , the charger  120 C is provided for each battery slot  120 . Also, the charger  120 C may be configured to be connected to a power supply (not shown) for supplying electric power to the removable battery  510 . 
     The eight battery slots  120 - 1  to  120 - 8  are provided in the battery replacement device  100  shown in  FIG. 1 . Accordingly, eight connector s  120 T and eight chargers  120 C are also provided in correspondence with the battery slots  120 . Also, in the following description, when the connector  120 T and the charger  120 C corresponding to each of the eight battery slots  120 - 1  to  120 - 8  are distinguished and represented, the hyphen “-” and the number following the hyphen “-” are shown. For example, the connector  120 T corresponding to the battery slot  120 - 1  is referred to as a “connector  120 - 1 T” and the charger  120 C corresponding to the battery slot  120 - 1  is referred to as a “charger  120 -IC.” 
     The replacement device storage  130  stores various information in the battery replacement device  100 . The replacement device storage  130  stores at least the available battery list L previously acquired from the operation server  200  via the network NW. The replacement device storage  130  is configured to include, for example, a memory such as a ROM, a RAM, an electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), a hard disk drive (HDD), or a flash memory. Also, the replacement device storage  130  stores a program for the replacement device controller  140  to execute the function of the battery replacement device  100 . Also, the replacement device storage  130  may store information of whether or not the removable battery  510  has been accommodated in each battery slot  120  provided in the battery replacement device  100  and the state of the removable battery  510  accommodated in each battery slot  120 , i.e., information indicating whether the removable battery  510  is being charged or charging of the removable battery  510  has been completed (hereinafter referred to as “battery state information”). Also, the replacement device storage  130  may store identification information (hereinafter referred to as a “battery replacement device ID”) exclusively assigned to the battery replacement device  100 . 
     The replacement device controller  140  controls the entire battery replacement device  100 . The replacement device controller  140  is configured to include, for example, a processor such as a CPU. The replacement device controller  140  implements the function of the battery replacement device  100  by reading and executing the program stored in the replacement device storage  130 . More specifically, the replacement device controller  140  outputs an instruction for acquiring the available battery list L to the replacement device communicator  150  at predetermined relatively long-time intervals (for example, every three hours or every day). Thereby, the replacement device communicator  150  communicates with the operation server  200  via the network NW and causes the replacement device storage  130  to store the available battery list L acquired from the operation server  200 . The replacement device controller  140  performs a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  on the basis of information of the battery IDs of the removable batteries  510  included in the available battery list L stored in the replacement device storage  130 . At this time, the replacement device controller  140  notifies the user of the electric motorcycle  50  of the battery slot  120  (for example, a battery slot  120 - 1 ) in which the used battery  510   u  will be accommodated through the display  110 . Thereby, the user of the electric motorcycle  50  accommodates the used battery  510   u  brought in by him or her in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H of the battery slot  120 - 1  in a state in which no removable battery  510  is accommodated. Subsequently, the replacement device controller  140  may determine whether or not the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced on the basis of the information of the battery IDs of the removable batteries  510  included in the available battery list L. When it is determined that the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced, the replacement device controller  140  notifies the user of the electric motorcycle  50  of the battery slot  120  (for example, a battery slot  120 - 2 ) in which the charged battery  510   c  is accommodated through the display  110 . Thereby, the user of the electric motorcycle  50  extracts the charged battery  510   c  from the battery accommodator  120 - 2 H of the battery slot  120 - 2  and replaces the removable battery  510  with the charged battery  510   c.  Subsequently, the replacement device controller  140  charges the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H. On the other hand, when it is determined that that the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H is a removable battery  510  that cannot be replaced, the replacement device controller  140  prohibits the used battery  510   u  from being replaced with the charged battery  510   c  accommodated in the battery slot  120  (for example, the battery slot  120 - 2 ). The replacement device controller  140  notifies the user of the electric motorcycle  50  that the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H is a removable battery  510  that cannot be replaced through the display  110 . 
     The information acquirer  143  acquires information of the removable battery  510  accommodated in the battery slot  120 . More specifically, the information acquirer  143  acquires the battery ID of the used battery  510   u  via the connector  120 T when the used battery  510   u  is accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H of the battery slot  120  and the connector  515  and the connector  120 T are connected. The information acquirer  143  outputs the acquired battery ID information to the processor  144 . Also, the information acquirer  143  may cause the replacement device storage  130  to store the acquired battery ID information. 
     The measurement sensor  142  is configured to include various types of sensors that measure the state when the charger  120 C is charging the removable battery  510 . The measurement sensor  142  is configured to include, for example, a voltage sensor, an electric current sensor, and a temperature sensor. When the removable battery  510  is being charged, the measurement sensor  142  measures the voltage applied to the power storage  511  using the voltage sensor and measures the electric current flowing through the power storage  511  using the electric current sensor. Also, the measurement sensor  142  measures the temperature of the power storage  511  when the removable battery  510  is being charged using the temperature sensor. The measurement sensor  142  outputs a measured value indicating a measured state of the removable battery  510  to the charging controller  141 . 
     Also, the measurement sensor  142  may be configured to acquire the state of the power storage  511  measured by the measurement sensor  512  provided in the removable battery  510  via the connector  120 T. In this case, the measurement sensor  142  outputs the measured value indicating the state of the power storage  511  acquired from the measurement sensor  512  to the charging controller  141 . 
     The charging controller  141  also controls the charging of the removable battery  510  by controlling the charger  120 C in consideration of the measured value of the removable battery  510  output from the measurement sensor  142 . When the charging of the removable battery  510  has been completed, the charging controller  141  outputs information indicating that the charging has been completed to the processor  144 . Also, the charging controller  141  may output information indicating the current state in which the removable battery  510  is being charged to the processor  144 . At this time, when the battery state information is stored in the replacement device storage  130 , the charging controller  141  may output information indicating the current state in which the removable battery  510  is being charged to the replacement device storage  130  and update the battery state information stored in the replacement device storage  130 . 
     Also, the battery replacement device  100  may cause the removable battery  510  to be temporarily discharged with the remaining power before the removable battery  510  is charged. In this case, the charging controller  141  also controls the discharging of the removable battery  510 . 
     The processor  144  performs a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  in the battery replacement device  100 . More specifically, the processor  144  combines the battery ID output from the information acquirer  143  with the battery ID of the removable battery  510  included in the available battery list L stored in the replacement device storage  130  and determines whether or not the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery slot  120  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100 . 
     When a result of the above-described determination indicates that the used battery  510   u  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100 , the processor  144  performs a process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  and a process of charging the used battery  510   u.  In the process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  in the processor  144 , the charged battery  510   c  to be replaced is selected and the notification of the battery slot  120  in which the selected charged battery  510   c  is accommodated for the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is provided. At this time, when the battery state information is stored in the replacement device storage  130 , the processor  144  may be configured to output information about whether or not the removable battery  510  is accommodated in the battery slot  120  to the replacement device storage  130  and update the battery state information stored in the replacement device storage  130 . Also, in the process of charging the used battery  510   u  in the processor  144 , an instruction indicating that the used battery  510   u  is to be charged is output to the charging controller  141 . Thereby, the charging controller  141  controls the charger  120 C in consideration of the measured value of the removable battery  510  output from the measurement sensor  142 , so that the charger  120 C charges the used battery  510   u.    
     On the other hand, when a result of the above-described determination indicates that the used battery  510   u  is a removable battery  510  that cannot be replaced at the battery replacement device  100 , the processor  144  notifies the user of the electric motorcycle  50  that the used battery  510   u  cannot be replaced. 
     The replacement device communicator  150  performs wireless communication with the operation server  200  via the network NW in response to an instruction from the replacement device controller  140  and acquires the available battery list L from the operation server  200 . The replacement device communicator  150  outputs the available battery list L acquired from the operation server  200  to the replacement device storage  130  and causes the replacement device storage  130  to store the available battery list L. 
     Also, the available battery list L is not always updated every time the replacement device communicator  150  accesses the operation server  200 . Thus, when an instruction for acquiring the available battery list L from the replacement device controller  140  is input, the replacement device communicator  150  first asks the operation server  200  about whether or not the available battery list L has been updated. The replacement device communicator  150  may acquire the current available battery list L as a new available battery list L only when the available battery list L has been updated in the operation server  200 , and cause the replacement device storage  130  to store the new available battery list L, i.e., may update the available battery list L stored in the replacement device storage  130 . 
     Also, the replacement device communicator  150  may notify the replacement device controller  140  (more specifically, the processor  144 ) of information indicating that the available battery list L stored in the replacement device storage  130  has been updated. However, the processor  144  determines whether or not the used battery  510   u  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced on the basis of the battery IDs of the removable batteries  510  included in the available battery list L previously stored in the replacement device storage  130 . Therefore, whether or not the available battery list L stored in the replacement device storage  130  has been updated does not affect the determination of whether or not the used battery  510   u  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced in the processor  144 . Accordingly, the replacement device communicator  150  may not necessarily output the information indicating that the available battery list L has been updated to the processor  144 . 
     (Configuration of Operation Server  200 ) 
     Next, an example of a configuration of the operation server  200  will be described.  FIG. 4  is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the operation server  200  constituting the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the operation server  200  includes a server storage  210 , a server controller  220 , and a server communicator  230 . Also, the server controller  220  includes an information acquirer  221  and a list processor  222 . 
     The server storage  210  stores various information in the operation server  200 . The server storage  210  stores at least the available battery list L to be transmitted to the battery replacement device  100  via the network NW. The server storage  210  is configured to include, for example, a memory such as a ROM, a RAM, an EEPROM, an HDD, or a flash memory. Also, the server storage  210  stores a program for the server controller  220  to execute the function of the operation server  200 . Also, the server storage  210  may store information in which the battery replacement device ID exclusively assigned to the battery replacement device  100  is associated with a version of the available battery list L transmitted to the battery replacement device  100 . 
     The server controller  220  controls the entire operation server  200 . The server controller  220  is configured to include, for example, a processor such as a CPU. The server controller  220  implements the function of the operation server  200  by reading and executing the program stored in the server storage  210 . More specifically, the server controller  220  creates or updates the available battery list L recording the battery ID of the removable battery  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100  and outputs the created or updated available battery list L to the server storage  210  so that the server storage  210  stores the created or updated available battery list L. Also, as described above, for example, the creation and update of the available battery list L in the server controller  220  and the like are performed by the manager of the shared battery management system  10  operating an input device (for example, a keyboard or a mouse) (not shown) on the basis of information displayed on a display device (for example, a liquid crystal display) (not shown) of a terminal (not shown) connected to the operation server  200 . Also, the server controller  220  reads the available battery list L stored in the server storage  210  in response to a request from the battery replacement device  100  and outputs the available battery list L to the server communicator  230 , so that the available battery list L is transmitted to the battery replacement device  100  via the network NW. 
     For example, the information acquirer  221  acquires information of a battery ID of the removable battery  510  to be included in the available battery list L for addition or deletion (deregistration) in response to an operation on the input device (not shown) of the terminal (not shown) connected to the operation server  200  by the manager of the shared battery management system  10  or the like. More specifically, the information acquirer  221  acquire the battery ID of the removable battery  510  to be added when a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100  is newly added according to an operation on the terminal (not shown) by the manager or the like. Also, the information acquirer  221  acquires the battery ID of the removable battery  510  that cannot be replaced at the battery replacement device  100  due to deterioration or destruction when the deregistration from the available battery list L is performed according to the operation of the terminal (not shown) by the manager or the like. Also, the information acquirer  221  may acquire the battery ID of the removable battery  510  to be deregistered from the available battery list L from the battery replacement device  100 . In this case, the information acquirer  221  acquires information of the battery ID of the removable battery  510  (the removable battery  510  that has deteriorated or destructed) to be deregistered from the available battery list L transmitted by the battery replacement device  100  via the network NW. The information acquirer  221  outputs the acquired information of the battery ID to the list processor  222 . Also, the information acquirer  221  may cause the server storage  210  to store the acquired information of the battery ID. 
     The list processor  222  processes the creation and update of the available battery list L. More specifically, when the battery ID of the removable battery  510  to be added to the available battery list L has been output from the information acquirer  221 , the list processor  222  updates the available battery list L by performing a process of creating a new available battery list L in which the battery ID is registered and a process of adding (registering) a battery ID to the current available battery list L. Also, when the battery ID of the removable battery  510  to be deregistered from the available battery list L has been output from the information acquirer  221 , the list processor  222  updates the available battery list L by performing a process of deleting the battery ID included (registered) in the current available battery list L. The list processor  222  outputs the created or updated available battery list L in the server storage  210  and causes the server storage  210  to store the output available battery list L. Also, the battery replacement device  100  may be configured to perform a process of deleting the battery ID included (registered) in the current available battery list L. In this case, the battery replacement device  100  transmits the updated available battery list L to the operation server  200  via the network NW. The information acquirer  221  acquires the updated available battery list L transmitted by the battery replacement device  100  and outputs the updated available battery list L to the list processor  222 . The list processor  222  outputs the updated available battery list L (which may be in the state of the available battery list L output by the information acquirer  221  as it is or may be further processed) output by the information acquirer  221  to the server storage  210  and causes the server storage  210  to store the updated available battery list L. 
     The server communicator  230  performs wireless communication with the replacement device communicator  150  provided in the battery replacement device  100  via the network NW. The server communicator  230  transmits the available battery list L created or updated by the list processor  222  and stored in the server storage  210  to the battery replacement device  100  in response to the request of the available battery list L transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 . 
     As described above, the available battery list L is not always updated every time there is a request from the battery replacement device  100 . Thus, the battery replacement device  100  first transmits an inquiry about whether or not the available battery list L has been updated. When the battery replacement device  100  has transmitted an inquiry about whether or not the available battery list L has been updated, the server communicator  230  notifies the server controller  220  that the inquiry has been transmitted. Thereby, the server controller  220  outputs information indicating whether or not the list processor  222  has updated the available battery list L to the server communicator  230  after the available battery list L was previously transmitted. Also, the determination of whether or not the available battery list L in the server controller  220  has been updated may be performed for each operation server  200  on the basis of information in which the battery replacement device ID of the battery replacement device  100  and a version of the transmitted available battery list L stored in the server storage  210  are associated. The server communicator  230  transmits information indicating whether or not the available battery list L output from the server controller  220  has been updated to the battery replacement device  100  via the network NW. Subsequently, when the information indicating that the available battery list L has been updated has been transmitted to the battery replacement device  100 , a request of the available battery list L is transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 . When the request of the available battery list L has been transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 , the server communicator  230  notifies the server controller  220  that the transmission of the available battery list L has been requested. Thereby, the server controller  220  reads the available battery list L stored in the server storage  210  and outputs the available battery list L to the server communicator  230 . The server communicator  230  transmits the available battery list L output from the server controller  220  to the battery replacement device  100  via the network NW. Thereby, the battery replacement device  100  can independently perform a procedure for acquiring the latest available battery list L and replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  on the basis of the acquired latest available battery list L. 
     Next, an example of a flow of a process in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment will be described.  FIG. 5  is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a process of acquiring information (an available battery list L) of the removable battery  510  capable of being replaced in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment. In  FIG. 5 , an example of processes of the battery replacement device  100  and the operation server  200  constituting the shared battery management system  10  that provides the battery sharing service is shown. Also,  FIG. 6  is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a process of replacing the removable battery  510  in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment. In  FIG. 6 , an example of a process of the battery replacement device  100  constituting the shared battery management system  10  that provides the battery sharing service is shown in association with the removable battery  510  (the used battery  510   u ) to be replaced and the user of the electric motorcycle  50 . 
     First, a process in which the operation server  200  creates or updates the available battery list L and a process in which the battery replacement device  100  acquires the available battery list L will be described with reference to  FIG. 5 . Also, in the following description, because a process from the stage before the operation of the battery sharing service is started is described, it is assumed that the shared battery management system  10  has not created the available battery list L at present. Also, for example, although the manager of the shared battery management system  10  or the like creates or updates an available battery list L by operating the terminal (not shown) connected to the operation server  200  in the shared battery management system  10  as described above, the creation or update of the available battery list L according to the operation of the manager or the like is also shown as a process of the operation server  200  for ease of description in the sequence diagram shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     In the stage before the operation of the battery sharing service starts, in the shared battery management system  10 , the manager first operates the terminal (not shown) connected to the operation server  200  and creates an available battery list L in which the removable battery  510  to be rented out to the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is registered (step S 101 ). At this time, the operation server  200  accesses the information acquirer  221  provided in the server controller  220  when the manager operates the terminal (not shown) and causes the information acquirer  221  to acquire information of a battery ID of the removable battery  510  included in the available battery list L and the list processor  222  provided in the server controller  220  creates a new available battery list L in which the battery ID of the removable battery  510  acquired by the information acquirer  221  is registered. The operation server  200  stores the created available battery list L in the server storage  210 . Here, the battery IDs of a plurality of removable batteries  510  capable of being rented out to the user of the electric motorcycle  50  in the battery sharing service are registered in the available battery list L created by the list processor  222  and stored in the server storage  210 . When this available battery list L is created, the operation of the battery sharing service can be started. 
     Subsequently, in the operation server  200 , the removable battery  510  to be rented out to the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is added or deregistered according to the operation of the manager on the terminal (not shown) and the available battery list L is updated (step S 102 ). At this time, in the operation server  200 , the information acquirer  221  acquires information of the battery ID of the removable battery  510  to be included in the available battery list L or deleted from the available battery list L according to the operation of the manager on the terminal (not shown) and the list processor  222  updates the available battery list L by registering or deregistering the battery ID of the removable battery  510  acquired by the information acquirer  221 . The operation server  200  stores the updated available battery list L in the server storage  210 . Thereby, the removable battery  510  capable of being rented out to the user of the electric motorcycle  50  in the battery sharing service is changed. 
     Also, the process of updating the available battery list L in the operation server  200  is performed at any timing after the removable battery  510  to be rented out to the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is added or deregistered according to the operation of the manager. Thus, the operation server  200  iterates a process of updating the available battery list L in step S 102  at any timing. 
     Because the update of the available battery list L in the operation server  200  is performed when a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100  has been newly added or when a registered removable battery  510  cannot be replaced at the battery replacement device  100  due to deterioration or destruction thereof, it is considered that the update is not frequently performed. 
     On the other hand, in the shared battery management system  10 , the battery replacement device  100  asks the operation server  200  about whether or not the available battery list L has been updated (step S 203 ). At this time, in the battery replacement device  100 , the processor  144  provided in the replacement device controller  140  outputs an instruction for acquiring the available battery list L to the replacement device communicator  150 . Thereby, in the battery replacement device  100 , the replacement device communicator  150  transmits an inquiry about whether or not the available battery list L has been updated to the operation server  200  via the network NW. 
     In response to this inquiry, the operation server  200  replies to the inquiry about whether or not the available battery list L has been updated (step S 204 ). At this time, in the operation server  200 , the list processor  222  outputs information indicating whether or not the available battery list L has been updated to the server communicator  230 . Thereby, in the operation server  200 , the server communicator  230  transmits the information indicating whether or not the available battery list L has been updated output from the list processor  222  as a response to the inquiry to the battery replacement device  100  via the network NW. 
     In response to this response, the battery replacement device  100  determines whether or not the available battery list L has been updated (step S 205 ). When a result of the determination of step S 205  indicates that the available battery list L has not been updated (“NO” in step S 205 ), the battery replacement device  100  moves the process to step S 409 . On the other hand, when a result of the determination of step S 205  indicates that the available battery list L has been updated (“YES” in step S 205 ), the battery replacement device  100  requests the operation server  200  to provide the updated available battery list L (step S 306 ). At this time, in the battery replacement device  100 , the replacement device communicator  150  transmits the request of the available battery list L to the operation server  200  via the network NW. 
     In response to this request, the operation server  200  transmits the available battery list L stored in the server storage  210  to the battery replacement device  100  (step S 307 ). At this time, in the operation server  200 , the server controller  220  reads the available battery list L stored in the server storage  210  and outputs the read available battery list L to the server communicator  230 . Thereby, in the operation server  200 , the server communicator  230  transmits the available battery list L output from the server controller  220  as the latest available battery list L to the battery replacement device  100  via the network NW. 
     The battery replacement device  100  stores the available battery list L transmitted from the operation server  200  in the replacement device storage  130  (step S 308 ). At this time, in the battery replacement device  100 , the replacement device communicator  150  outputs the available battery list L transmitted from the operation server  200  to the replacement device storage  130  and causes the replacement device storage  130  to store the available battery list L. Thereby, the battery replacement device  100  can independently perform a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  on the basis of the latest available battery list L transmitted from the operation server  200 . 
     Subsequently, the battery replacement device  100  determines whether or not a predetermined time period (for example, three hours or one day) has elapsed (step S 409 ). When a result of the determination of step S 409  indicates that the predetermined time period has not elapsed (“NO” in step S 409 ), the battery replacement device  100  iterates the determination of step S 409  in the process. That is, the battery replacement device  100  waits for the process of acquiring the available battery list L from the operation server  200  before the predetermined time period elapses. On the other hand, when a result of the determination of step S 409  indicates that the predetermined time period has elapsed (“YES” in step S 409 ), the battery replacement device  100  returns to step S 203  and again asks the operation server  200  about whether or not the available battery list L has been updated. That is, the battery replacement device  100  iterates the process of acquiring the latest available battery list L from the operation server  200  (steps S 203  to S 308 ). 
     Next, a process in which the battery replacement device  100  replaces the removable battery  510  will be described with reference to  FIG. 6 . Also, a case in which a used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is replaced with a charged battery  510   c  will be described in the following description. Also, a case in which the available battery list L previously acquired from the operation server  200  in the flow of the process shown in  FIG. 5  is stored in the replacement device storage  130  provided in the battery replacement device  100  will be described in the following description. Also, although a case in which a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  is started, for example, when the user of the electric motorcycle  50  operates an input means (not shown) provided in the battery replacement device  100  in the shared battery management system  10  is considered, a detailed description of the operation of the user of the electric motorcycle  50  on the battery replacement device  100  will be omitted for ease of description in the following description. 
     The user of the electric motorcycle  50  brings the used battery  510   u  running out of power and accommodates the used battery  510   u  in the battery accommodator  120 H of the battery slot  120  (step S 500 ). Thereby, the connector  120 T within the battery accommodator  120 H of any battery slot  120  provided in the battery replacement device  100  is electrically connected to the connector  515  of the used battery  510   u  accommodated by the user of the electric motorcycle  50 . At this time, in the battery replacement device  100 , the replacement device controller  140  starts a process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  under an assumption that the replacement of the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H has been requested by the user of the electric motorcycle  50 . 
     When the process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  is started at the battery replacement device  100 , information of a battery ID of the used battery  510   u  is first acquired (step S 601 ). At this time, at the battery replacement device  100 , the information acquirer  143  provided in the replacement device controller  140  acquires the information of the battery ID from the storage  514  provided in the used battery  510   u  via the connector  120 T of the battery accommodator  120 H and the connector  515 . The information acquirer  143  outputs the acquired information of the battery ID to the processor  144  provided in the replacement device controller  140 . 
     When the information of the battery ID is output from the information acquirer  143 , the processor  144  provided in the replacement device controller  140  determines whether or not the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced (step S 602 ). At this time, the processor  144  combines the battery ID included in the available battery list L stored in the replacement device storage  130  with the battery ID output from the information acquirer  143 . More specifically, the processor  144  reads the available battery list L from the replacement device storage  130  and sequentially compares battery IDs included in the read available battery list L with the battery ID output from the information acquirer  143 . 
     When the battery ID output from the information acquirer  143  is not included in the available battery list L, the processor  144  determines that the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H is a removable battery  510  that cannot be replaced at the battery replacement device  100  in step S 602  (“NO” in step S 602 ). In this case, the processor  144  notifies the user of the electric motorcycle  50  that the used battery  510   u  cannot be replaced (step S 703 ). Also, although a method of displaying a message indicating that the used battery  510   u  cannot be replaced on the display  110  is conceivable as a method of notifying the user of the electric motorcycle  50  that the used battery  510   u  cannot be replaced, various methods are conceivable as a method of providing a notification to the user of the electric motorcycle  50  in the present invention. 
     On the other hand, when the battery ID output from the information acquirer  143  is included in the available battery list L, the processor  144  determines that the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100  in step S 602  (“YES” in step S 602 ). In this case, the processor  144  selects a charged battery  510   c  for replacement from among the charged batteries  510   c  accommodated in the battery slots  120  different from the battery slot  120  in which the used battery  510   u  is accommodated (step S 704 ). Also, although a case in which the charged battery  510   c  that has been charged at the earliest time is selected in the process of selecting the charged battery  510   c  in the processor  144  when a plurality of charged batteries  510   c  are accommodated is conceivable, various methods are conceivable as a method of selecting the charged battery  510   c  in the processor  144 . Also, the processor  144  may cause the replacement device storage  130  to store information of a battery ID of the selected charged battery  510   c.    
     The processor  144  notifies the user of the electric motorcycle  50  of information of the selected charged battery  510   c,  i.e., the battery slot  120  in which the charged battery  510   c  for replacement is accommodated (step S 705 ). Thereby, the user of the electric motorcycle  50  extracts the charged battery  510   c  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H of the battery slot  120  indicated in the notification (step S 800 ). That is, the user of the electric motorcycle  50  completes the replacement of the removable battery  510 . Thereby, the user of the electric motorcycle  50  can mount the charged battery  510   c  on the electric motorcycle  50  and continue traveling. 
     At this time, the electrical connection between the connector  120 T within the battery accommodator  120 H of the battery slot  120  that is selected and indicated in the notification and the connector  515  of the charged battery  510   c  that is accommodated is disconnected. Thereby, at the battery replacement device  100 , the replacement device controller  140  starts a process of charging the used battery  510   u  under an assumption that the replacement of the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  has been completed (step S 906 ). At this time, at the battery replacement device  100 , the processor  144  outputs an instruction indicating that the used battery  510   u  is to be charged to the information acquirer  143  provided in the replacement device controller  140 . Thereby, the charging controller  141  controls the charger  120 C on the basis of a measured value of the removable battery  510  output from the measurement sensor  142 , so that the charger  120 C charges the used battery  510   u.    
     Also, in the present invention, various timings are conceivable as the timing for starting charging of the used battery  510   u  at the battery replacement device  100 . For example, when a plurality of charged batteries  510   c  are accommodated, the processor  144  may output an instruction to the charging controller  141  so that charging is started immediately after the replacement of the used battery  510   u  is completed or may output an instruction to the charging controller  141  so that charging is started when the number of charged batteries  510   c  becomes less than or equal to a predetermined number. 
     Also, in the present invention, various methods are conceivable as a method of controlling the charger  120 C when the used battery  510   u  is charged. 
     Subsequently, the battery replacement device  100  is on standby in a state in which a request for replacement of the used battery  510   u  from the user of the electric motorcycle  50  can be accepted. The battery replacement device  100  iterates a process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  and a process of charging the used battery  510   u  every time the user of the electric motorcycle  50  brings the used battery  510   u  running out of power and the replacement of the used battery  510   u  is requested (steps S 601  to S 906 ). 
     (Comparison of Operation Between Shared Battery Management System  10  and Conventional Shared Battery Management System) 
     Here, operations of a battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10  and a battery sharing service adopting the conventional shared battery management system will be compared.  FIG. 7  is a diagram schematically showing a flow of a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment. Also,  FIG. 8  is a diagram schematically showing a flow of a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  in the battery sharing service adopting the conventional shared battery management system. 
     As described above, in the shared battery management system  10 , the battery replacement device  100  performs a procedure for previously acquiring the available battery list L from the operation server  200  connected via the network NW and replacing the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  on the basis of information of a battery ID of the removable battery  510  included in the acquired available battery list L. (a) of  FIG. 7  schematically shows the state in which the shared battery management system  10  acquires the available battery list L created or updated by the operation server  200  via the network NW. Also, in (b) of  FIG. 7 , a state in which the battery replacement device  100  replaces the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  on the basis of the acquired available battery list L is schematically shown. 
     As shown in (a) of  FIG. 7 , the battery replacement device  100  acquires an available battery list L, which is used by the battery replacement device  100  when it is determined whether or not the used battery  510   u  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced, in advance, for example, at predetermined relatively long-time intervals that do not interfere with the charging of the used battery  510   u,  such as once every three hours or once a day, without acquiring the available battery list L from the operation server  200  every time the determination is performed. Thus, the battery replacement device  100  can independently perform a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  without being affected by the state of wireless communication (an environment of communication) between the battery replacement device  100  and the operation server  200  via the network NW. That is, as shown in (b) of  FIG. 7 , the battery replacement device  100  can independently perform the procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  without having to stop or suspend the procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  even if wireless communication with the operation server  200  via the network NW is interrupted or stable wireless communication cannot be performed. Thus, in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 , it is possible to replace the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  when the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  wants to replace the used battery  510   u.  Considering that the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  uses the battery sharing service at a timing when it is expected that the removable battery  510  will run out of power and traveling of the electric motorcycle  50  will be difficult, the shared battery management system  10  is considered to be significantly effective for promoting the battery sharing service. 
     On the other hand, in the conventional shared battery management system, communication via the network NW is performed between a station management device corresponding to the battery replacement device  100  and a system management device corresponding to the operation server  200  every time the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  brings the used battery  510   u.  In (a) of  FIG. 8 , the state of a process in the battery replacement device  800 , which is the station management device, and the system management device  900  via the network NW in the conventional shared battery management system is schematically shown. More specifically, in the conventional shared battery management system, as shown in (a) of  FIG. 8 , the battery replacement device  800  transmits information of an IC card of the used battery  510   u  to the system management device  900  connected via the network NW at a timing when the used battery  510   u  is replaced with the charged battery  510   c.  In the conventional shared battery management system, as shown in (a) of  FIG. 8 , the system management device  900  determines whether or not the used battery  510   u  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced with the charged battery  510   c  at the battery replacement device  800  on the basis of the information of the IC card of the used battery  510   u  transmitted from the battery replacement device  800  and transmits a determination result to the battery replacement device  800  via the network NW. In the conventional shared battery management system, the battery replacement device  800  performs the procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  in accordance with the determination result transmitted from the system management device  900 . 
     Thus, in the conventional shared battery management system, as shown in (b) of  FIG. 8 , it is not possible to perform the procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  when wireless communication via the network NW between the battery replacement device  800  and the system management device  900  is interrupted or stable wireless communication cannot be performed at a timing when the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  has brought the used battery  510   u.  That is, in the conventional shared battery management system, the procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  has to be stopped or suspended due to an influence of the state of a wireless communication (an environment of communication) via the network NW between the battery replacement device  800  and the system management device  900 . In this case, the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  has to wait for the wireless communication between the battery replacement device  800  and the system management device  900  via the network NW to be restored. This is because, considering that the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  arrives at the current battery replacement device  800  at a timing when it is expected that the removable battery  510  will run out of power and traveling of the electric motorcycle  50  will be difficult, it is considered difficult to go to another battery replacement device  800 . Thus, considering that the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  uses the battery sharing service for the purpose of shortening a time period required to charge the removable battery  510  when the removable battery  510  runs out of power and traveling of the electric motorcycle  50  becomes difficult, the conventional shared battery management system is considered to be significantly disadvantageous for promoting the battery sharing service. 
     As described above, according to the first embodiment, the shared battery management system  10  includes the battery replacement device  100  installed in a plurality of places and configured to store and charge one or more removable batteries  510  and the operation server  200  configured to manage removable batteries  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100 . In the first embodiment, the operation server  200  creates or updates and stores the available battery list L recording battery IDs of removable batteries  510  with which replacement can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 . Also, in the first embodiment, the battery replacement device  100  acquires the available battery list L from the operation server  200  via the network NW at predetermined relatively long-time intervals such as once a day and stores the acquired available battery list L. In the first embodiment, the battery replacement device  100  determines whether or not the used battery  510   u  desired to be replaced by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced with a charged battery  510   c  whose charging is completed and which is stored on the basis of the stored available battery list L. In the first embodiment, when it is determined that the used battery  510   u  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced, the battery replacement device  100  performs the procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c.  Thereby, in the first embodiment, the battery replacement device  100  is not affected by the state of communication (an environment of communication) via the network NW between the battery replacement device  100  and the operation server  200  and can independently perform a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510 . Thereby, in the first embodiment, when the user of the electric motorcycle  50  using the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10  wants to replace the used battery  510   u,  the used battery  510   u  can be replaced with the charged battery  510   c.    
     Moreover, according to the first embodiment, the available battery list L used in determining whether or not the used battery  510   u  is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100  is considered not to be frequently updated. Thus, in the first embodiment, for example, even if a period during which the communication between the battery replacement device  100  and the operation server  200  via the network NW is interrupted or stable communication cannot be performed is a long period such as several days, the battery replacement device  100  can independently continue to perform the procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  based on the stored available battery list L. Thereby, in the first embodiment, it is possible to continue to provide the battery sharing service to the user of the electric motorcycle  50 . 
     Thereby, the first embodiment can contribute to the promotion of the automated battery sharing service. 
     Also, in the first embodiment, an example in which the battery replacement device  100  and the operation server  200  constituting the shared battery management system  10  communicate with each other via the network NW, which is a communication network for wireless communication, has been described. However, the communication between the battery replacement device  100  and the operation server  200  in the shared battery management system  10  is not limited to wireless communication. Even if the communication between the battery replacement device  100  and the operation server  200  in the shared battery management system  10  is wired communication, i.e., the network NW is a communication network of wired communication, a case in which the wired communication is interrupted or that stable wired communication cannot be performed when maintenance of the operation server  200  is performed or the like is also considered. However, in the shared battery management system  10 , even if the communication between the battery replacement device  100  and the operation server  200  is wired communication, it is possible to similarly consider the above-described case by replacing the network NW with the wired communication. Accordingly, a detailed description of the procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  in the shared battery management system  10  when the communication between the battery replacement device  100  and the operation server  200  is wired communication will be omitted. 
     Also, an example in which one used battery  510   u  is brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  and replaced at the battery replacement device  100  has been described in the first embodiment. However, the number of removable batteries  510  mounted for the electric motorcycle  50  to travel is not limited to one. That is, a case in which the electric motorcycle  50  is an electric vehicle that travels with electric power supplied from a plurality of removable batteries  510  is also conceivable. However, even if the electric motorcycle  50  is an electric vehicle that travels in a state in which a plurality of removable batteries  510  are mounted thereon, it is possible to similarly consider a procedure for replacing the removable batteries  510 . For example, when the electric motorcycle  50  is an electric vehicle that travels with electric power supplied from two removable batteries  510 , the user of the electric motorcycle  50  performs the operation of steps S 500  and S 800  shown in  FIG. 6  on each removable battery  510 , i.e., performs the operation twice, and the operation is the iteration of the same operation. Accordingly, a detailed description of the procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  in the electric vehicle that travels with the electric power supplied from the plurality of removable batteries  510  will be omitted. 
     Second Embodiment 
     Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. A power storage device management system of the second embodiment is a power storage device management system for the purpose of constructing a battery sharing service in which a method of renting out a power storage device (a removable battery) can be easily changed. Also, in the following description, a case in which the power storage device management system of the second embodiment is a shared battery management system for managing the reception of a plurality of removable batteries shared by electric power devices (electric motorcycles) using electric power of a removable battery and managing the provision of alternative removable batteries will be described. Also, the same reference signs are given to components that are the same as those of the first embodiment described above and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     (Overall Configuration) 
       FIG. 9  is a diagram showing a concept of a battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 9 , the shared battery management system  10 A of the second embodiment is configured to include a battery replacement device  100 A and an operation server  200 A. Also, although one operation server  200 A can be configured to correspond to a plurality of battery replacement devices  100 A in the shared battery management system  10 A of the second embodiment, only one battery replacement device  100 A is shown in  FIG. 9 . Also, an electric motorcycle  50 , which uses a battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A, is shown in  FIG. 9 . 
     Like the battery replacement device  100  of the first embodiment, the battery replacement device  100 A is a facility that is installed in a plurality of places and stores and charges one or more removable batteries  510 . Also, like the battery replacement device  100  of the first embodiment, the battery replacement device  100 A is a facility that executes a procedure for replacing a removable battery  510  desired to be replaced by a user of the shared battery management system  10 A (a user of an electric motorcycle  50  or the like) with a stored removable battery  510 . Like the battery replacement device  100  of the first embodiment, the battery replacement device  100 A is also connected to the operation server  200 A via a network NW. Here, the network NW is a communication network such as a communication network for wireless communication. Also, the network NW may be a communication network for wired communication. However, in the present invention, it is considered that a more remarkable effect can be obtained when the network NW is a communication network for wireless communication than when the network NW is a communication network for wired communication. 
     The battery replacement device  100 A exchanges information with the operation server  200 A using communication via the network NW and replaces the removable battery  510 . More specifically, the battery replacement device  100 A transmits a battery state list recording information about removable batteries  510  that are stored and charged to the operation server  200 A via the network NW periodically at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 5 minutes). Also, the battery replacement device  100 A acquires (receives) a rentable battery list recording information of removable batteries  510  capable of being rented out and the order of rental from the operation server  200 A via the network NW periodically at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 5 minutes). 
     Here, in the battery state list transmitted by the battery replacement device  100 A to the operation server  200 A, at least information of a charging count and a deterioration state of a removable battery  510  that is stored, a charging count, a deterioration state, and the state of charge (for example, a proportion at which charging is completed: a charge rate) of a removable battery  510  that is charged, and the like is recorded as information about the removable battery  510  in addition to battery IDs of the removable batteries  510  that are stored and charged. Also, the battery state list may record identification information (a battery replacement device ID) exclusively assigned to the battery replacement device  100 A, information of the presence or absence of a failure in the battery replacement device  100 A, and the like. Also, in the rentable battery list acquired by the battery replacement device  100 A from the operation server  200 A, at least information of the removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A, the order in which rental (replacement) is performed, and the like determined by the operation server  200 A on the basis of the battery state list transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A is recorded as information of the removable battery  510  capable of being rented out. 
     The battery replacement device  100 A acquires a rentable battery list recording the removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof from the operation server  200 A and stores the rentable battery list. Also, the battery replacement device  100 A replaces the currently stored rentable battery list with a newly acquired rentable battery list every time a new rentable battery list is acquired from the operation server  200 A. That is, the battery replacement device  100 A updates the stored rentable battery list at predetermined time intervals. In  FIG. 9 , the state in which the battery replacement device  100 A transmits a battery state list S to the operation server  200 A via the network NW and the operation server  200 A acquires (receives) a rentable battery list B from the operation server  200 A via the network NW is shown. 
     The battery replacement device  100 A replaces a removable battery  510  running out of power brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with the stored removable battery  510  in accordance with information of the removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof indicated in the rentable battery list B acquired from the operation server  200 A. Also, after replacement is performed with the stored removable battery  510 , the battery replacement device  100 A deletes information about the removable battery  510  with which replacement has been performed from the stored rentable battery list B. Thereby, the battery replacement device  100 A can replace the removable battery  510  running out of power brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  only with the removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed included in the rentable battery list B. 
     An example of a configuration of the battery replacement device  100 A is shown in  FIG. 9 . Because the components of the battery replacement device  100 A shown in  FIG. 9  are similar to the components of the battery replacement device  100  of the first embodiment, the same reference signs are given thereto and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     Also, in  FIG. 9 , as in  FIG. 1 , the state in which the removable battery  510  is moved in and out of the battery slot  120 - 1  is shown. 
     Also, the configuration of the battery replacement device  100 A shown in  FIG. 9  is also an example and various configurations are conceivable as the configuration of the battery replacement device  100 A in the present invention. 
     The operation server  200 A is a server facility that manages the removable battery  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100 A as at the battery replacement device  100  of the first embodiment. The operation server  200 A determines a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order in which rental (replacement) is performed with the removable battery  510  on the basis of the battery ID, the charging count, and the deterioration state of a removable battery  510  that is stored in the battery replacement device  100 A and the battery ID, the charging count, the deterioration state, and the charge rate of a charged removable battery  510  included in the battery state list S transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A. The operation server  200 A creates the rentable battery list B including information of a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A, the order in which rental (replacement) is performed with the removable battery  510 , and the like. 
     Also, although a case in which the battery state list S transmitted by the battery replacement device  100 A to the operation server  200 A is a list formatted such that information of a battery ID, a charging count, a deterioration state, and a charge rate of a removable battery  510  that is stored is associated for each battery slot  120  provided in the battery replacement device  100 A is considered, various formats are conceivable as the format of the battery state list S in the present invention. Also, although a case in which the rentable battery list B created by the operation server  200 A and transmitted to the battery replacement device  100 A is, for example, a list formatted such that battery IDs of removable batteries  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A are arranged in the order in which rental (replacement) is performed or the like is considered, various formats are conceivable as the format of the rentable battery list B in the present invention. 
     In the following description, the battery state list S transmitted by the battery replacement device  100 A to the operation server  200 A will be described as a list formatted such that information of the battery ID, the charging count, the deterioration state, and the charge rate of a removable battery  510  that is stored is associated and stored for each battery slot  120  provided in the battery replacement device  100 A. Also, the rentable battery list B created by the operation server  200 A and transmitted to the battery replacement device  100 A will be described as a list formatted such that battery IDs of the removable batteries  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A are arranged in the order in which rental (replacement) is performed. 
     Here, an example of thinking when the removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof included in the rentable battery list B are determined will be described. The removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order in which rental (replacement) is performed with the removable battery  510  determined by the operation server  200 A can be determined on the basis of rules determined in various types of thinking. That is, the logic when the battery replacement device  100 A performs a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  can be arbitrarily changed in the shared battery management system  10 A. Also, for example, a case in which the state of the removable battery  510  stored in the battery replacement device  100 A and the like are taken into account as a condition for determining the logic when the battery replacement device  100 A performs a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510 , i.e., a condition for determining a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) is performed and the order thereof in the operation server  200 A, is conceivable. Also, for example, various external factors such as a place where the battery replacement device  100 A is installed, a date and time (a date, a day of the week, a time period, and the like), weather, and the like are conceivable as a condition for determining a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) is performed and the order thereof in the operation server  200 A. These conditions can be changed in accordance with rules preset in the operation server  200 A. For example, the rules preset in the operation server  200 A can be sequentially changed on the basis of thinking, an intention, or the like when the management or operation for the removable batteries  510  is performed by the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the operator of the battery sharing service. At this time, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the operator of the battery sharing service sets rules for determining a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof in the operation server  200 A by operating a terminal (not shown) connected to the operation server  200 A. 
     For example, a case in which the battery replacement device  100 A does not perform rental (replacement) with a removable battery  510  that is insufficiently charged is conceivable in a battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A. In this case, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like sets a rule of the operation server  200 A so that only a charged battery  510   c  whose charging is completed and which is stored in the battery replacement device  100 A is set as a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed by operating the terminal (not shown) connected to the operation server  200 A. Also, for example, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like sets a rule in the operation server  200 A so that the order in which charging is completed, the order in which deterioration is small, or the order in which deterioration is large is determined to be the order in which rental (replacement) is performed with a charged battery  510   c  in the battery replacement device  100 A by operating the terminal (not shown). Here, when the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like sets a rule in the operation server  200 A so that the order in which charging is completed is determined to be the order in which rental (replacement) is performed with a charged battery  510   c  in the battery replacement device  100 A, the charged batteries  510   c  are rented out to the users of the electric motorcycles  50  sequentially from a charged battery  510   c  whose charging is completed at the earliest time in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A. Thereby, in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A, it is possible to stably perform rental (replacement) only with the charged battery  510   c.  Also, when the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like sets a rule in the operation server  200 A so that the order in which deterioration is small is determined to be the order in which rental (replacement) is performed with a charged battery  510   c  in the battery replacement device  100 A, deterioration states of many removable batteries  510  with which rental (replacement) is performed can be made uniform in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A. Thereby, in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A, a frequency of maintenance of the battery sharing service for replacing the deteriorated removable battery  510  can be reduced and the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the operator of the battery sharing service can easily perform maintenance work such as simultaneous replacement of all the removable batteries  510 . Also, when the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like sets a rule in the operation server  200 A so that the order in which deterioration is large is determined to be the order in which rental (replacement) is performed with a charged battery  510   c  in the battery replacement device  100 A, it is possible to prevent many removable batteries  510  to be rented out (replaced) from deteriorating at the same time in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A. Thereby, in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A, a frequency of maintenance of the battery sharing service for replacing the deteriorated removable battery  510  can be averaged and the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the operator of the battery sharing service can reduce the number of removable batteries  510  to be replaced in maintenance work at one time. 
     Also, for example, in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A, a case in which the battery replacement device  100 A can rent out (replace) the removable batteries  510  for more users (users) of the electric motorcycle  50  is also conceivable. In this case, for example, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like predetermines a threshold value of the charge rate as a rental criterion for determining (considering) the removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A. The manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like sets a rule of the operation server  200 A so that a removable battery  510  whose charge rate is greater than or equal to a predetermined proportion (whose charge rate is greater than or equal to 90%) is considered to be a charged battery  510   c  and is set as a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed by operating the terminal (not shown) connected to the operation server  200 A. Also, for example, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like sets a rule in the operation server  200 A so that descending order of charge rates is determined to be the order in which rental (replacement) is performed with a removable battery  510  considered to be the charged battery  510   c  in the battery replacement device  100 A by operating the terminal (not shown). Thereby, in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A, it is possible to rent out (replace) the removable batteries  510  for more users of the electric motorcycles  50 , for example, when it is expected that the removable batteries  510  will be frequently rented out (replaced) such as when a place where the battery replacement device  100 A is installed is a tourist spot, when the weather is sunny, when a day of the week is a weekend, or when a time period is the morning. 
     As described above, in the shared battery management system  10 A, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like can also arbitrarily change the logic when a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  is performed in the same battery replacement device  100 A by operating the terminal (not shown) and setting a rule in the operation server  200 A. Also, although a method in which the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like sets rules in the operation server  200 A by operating the terminal (not shown) has been described above, the server controller  220 A within the operation server  200 A may be configured to automatically perform the setting of the rule of the operation server  200 A based on a condition in which a determination can be mechanically performed, for example, when the day of the week is the weekend, when the time period is the morning, or the like. Also, in the following description, for ease of description, the removable battery  510  charged at a predetermined proportion (charge rate) or more to be considered to be the charged battery  510   c  will also be referred to as a “charged battery  510   c.”   
     The operation server  200 A transmits the created rentable battery list B to the battery replacement device  100 A that has transmitted the battery state list S via the network NW. Thereby, the battery replacement device  100 A acquires the rentable battery list B from the operation server  200 A via the network NW. The battery replacement device  100 A performs a procedure for replacing removable batteries  510  in the order of battery IDs included in the rentable battery list B acquired from the operation server  200 A, i.e., in the order of charged batteries  510   c  indicated in the rentable battery list B. 
     Also, the rentable battery list B transmitted by the operation server  200 A to the battery replacement device  100 A may not necessarily include the battery IDs of all the removable batteries  510  included in the battery state list S transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A. That is, in the shared battery management system  10 A, a removable battery  510  whose battery ID is not included in the rentable battery list B is a removable battery  510  that cannot be rented out at the battery replacement device  100 A. Therefore, when a removable battery  510 , which has been charged a predetermined number of times or more (which has a predetermined charging count or more), i.e., which has deteriorated, included in the battery state list S transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A has been found, the operation server  200 A may not include the removable battery  510  as a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) is not performed in the battery sharing service in the rentable battery list B. That is, the operation server  200 A may not intentionally include a deteriorated removable battery  510  as a removable battery  510  with which replacement is performed in the maintenance of the battery sharing service in the rentable battery list B. In this case, the operation server  200 A may be configured to notify the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A, the operator of the battery sharing service, or the like that there is a removable battery  510  that is intentionally not included in the rentable battery list B. 
     Also, for example, a case in which the management of the deterioration of each removable battery  510  in the operation server  200 A can be performed by counting the charging count of the removable battery  510  from the time when the new removable battery  510  for rental (replacement) is added in the battery sharing service is conceivable. Here, if information about the charging count is output from the removable battery  510 , the operation server  200 A may manage the deterioration of the removable battery  510  on the basis of the charging count counted by the removable battery  510  itself. Also, if the operation server  200 A registers and manages the removable battery  510  for the operation in the battery sharing service, the operation server  200 A may count the charging count of the removable battery  510  and manage the deterioration of the removable battery  510  on the basis of information about a battery ID and the state of charge of the removable battery  510  included in the battery state list S transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A. However, in the present invention, various methods are conceivable as a method of counting the charging count of the removable battery  510  and a method of managing the deterioration of the removable battery  510  in the operation server  200 A. 
     According to the above-described configuration, the shared battery management system  10 A performs rental (replacement) with a charged battery  510   c  to be used instead of a used battery  510   u  running out of power brought in the battery replacement device  100 A by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  in the logic according to the rules set in the operation server  200 A by the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A, the operator of the battery sharing service, or the like. At this time, the battery replacement device  100 A performs a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  in the order of the battery IDs included in the rentable battery list B acquired from the operation server  200 A previously (for example, a maximum of 5 minutes ago). 
     Also, in the case of a configuration in which one operation server  200 A corresponds to a plurality of battery replacement devices  100 A in the shared battery management system  10 A, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like can set a rule when a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof are determined in the operation server  200 A for each battery replacement device  100 A. That is, in the shared battery management system  10 A including the plurality of battery replacement devices  100 A, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like can set a rule for creating a rentable battery list B in the operation server  200 A for each battery replacement device  100 A. Thereby, in the shared battery management system  10 A including the plurality of battery replacement devices  100 A, the operation server  200 A creates the rentable battery list B corresponding to each battery replacement device  100 A and transmits the created rentable battery list B. In the shared battery management system  10 A including the plurality of battery replacement devices  100 A, each battery replacement device  100 A previously acquires the corresponding rentable battery list B from the operation server  200 A and performs a procedure for renting out a stored charged battery  510   c  (replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c ) on the basis of the acquired rentable battery list B. Also, in the shared battery management system  10 A including a plurality of battery replacement devices  100 A, the rule when a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof are determined set in the operation server  200 A by the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like may be the same or different with respect to all battery replacement devices  100 A. That is, in the shared battery management system  10 A including a plurality of battery replacement devices  100 A, the logic when the procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  can be made different for each battery replacement device  100 A. For example, a certain battery replacement device  100 A can perform rental (replacement) with only a charged battery  510   c  whose charging is completed at a charge rate of 100% and which is stored and another battery replacement device  100 A can perform rental (replacement) with a charged battery  510   c  having a charge rate of 90% or more. 
     Also, as described above, the battery replacement device  100 A acquires the rentable battery list B from the operation server  200 A in advance at predetermined time intervals such as every 5 minutes and stores the acquired rentable battery list B. Thus, the battery replacement device  100 A does not need to communicate with the operation server  200 A via the network NW every time a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  is performed. More specifically, the battery replacement device  100 A does not acquire information indicating a charged battery  510   c  with which rental (replacement) is performed by performing communication with the operation server  200 A via the network NW every time rental (replacement) is performed with the charged battery  510   c  to be used instead of the used battery  510   u  running out of power brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50 . The battery replacement device  100 A performs rental (replacement) with the charged batteries  510   c  in the order indicated in the rentable battery list B previously acquired from the operation server  200 A. That is, the battery replacement device  100 A independently performs the procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  on the basis of the rentable battery list B previously acquired from the operation server  200 A. Therefore, in the battery replacement device  100 A, for example, even if the communication with the operation server  200 A via the network NW is interrupted or stable communication cannot be performed, it is possible to replace at least the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  whose battery ID is included in the rentable battery list B. That is, even if the state of communication (an environment of communication) with the operation server  200 A via the network NW deteriorates, the battery replacement device  100 A can independently continue to perform a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  without stopping or suspending the procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  due to the influence of the communication state (the communication environment) for a while. In other words, the battery replacement device  100 A can continue to provide the battery sharing service to the user of the electric motorcycle  50  without being affected by short-time deterioration of the state of communication (the environment of communication) between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A. 
     According to the above-described configuration, in the shared battery management system  10 A, rental (replacement) is performed with a charged battery  510   c  to be used instead of the used battery  510   u  running out of power brought in the battery replacement device  100 A by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  in the order determined in the logic according to a predetermined rule. 
     Next, each component constituting the shared battery management system  10 A of the second embodiment will be described in more detail. 
     (Configuration of Removable Battery  510 ) 
     First, an example of a configuration of the removable battery  510  will be described.  FIG. 10  is a block diagram showing the example of the configuration of the removable battery  510  managed in the shared battery management system  10 A of the second embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 10 , the removable battery  510  has a battery management unit (BMU)  513 A instead of the BMU  513  in the removable battery  510  that is rented out (replaced) at the battery replacement device  100  in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment, a connector  515 A instead of the connector  515 , and a storage  514 A instead of the storage  514 . 
     The measurement sensor  512  outputs a measured value indicating a measured state of the power storage  511  to the processor on the BMU  513 A. 
     The BMU  513 A is a battery management unit similar to the BMU  513  provided in the removable battery  510  in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment and controls charging and discharging of the power storage  511 . The BMU  513 A is configured to include a processor such as, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), and a memory such as, for example, a read only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (RAM), as the storage  514 A. In the BMU  513 A, the CPU implements a control function of the power storage  511  by reading and executing a program stored in the storage  514 A. The BMU  513 A causes the storage  514 A to store information such as content of the control performed on the power storage  511  on the basis of the measured value indicating the state of the power storage  511  output from the measurement sensor  512 . Also, the BMU  513 A may count a charging count of the power storage  511  and cause the storage  514 A to store the counted charging count in addition to the function of the BMU  513  provided in the removable battery  510  in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment. Further, the BMU  513 A may calculate the charge rate of the power storage  511  on the basis of a measured value indicating the state of the power storage  511  output from the measurement sensor  512 . 
     Like the storage  514  provided in the removable battery  510  in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment, the storage  514 A stores information of an abnormality or a failure detected by the BMU  513 A itself, an abnormality or a failure of the power storage  511  ascertained using the measurement sensor  512 , or the like. The storage  514 A is configured to include, for example, a memory such as a ROM, a RAM, or a flash memory. Also, the storage  514 A stores information of a battery ID exclusively assigned to the removable battery  510 , a charging count of the power storage  511 , and the like. Here, information of the charging count stored in the storage  514 A is updated (i.e., incremented) when the BMU  513 A adds “1” to the charging count when the charging of the power storage  511  is started or when the charging of the power storage  511  is completed. Also, the storage  514 A may store identification information (for example, a “user ID”) of the user of the electric motorcycle  50  currently using the removable battery  510 . 
     Like the connector  515  provided in the removable battery  510  in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment, the connector  515 A is a connector that supplies the electric power stored in the power storage  511  to the electric motor that is the drive source of the electric motorcycle  50  when the removable battery  510  has been mounted on the electric motorcycle  50 . Also, the connector  515 A is connected to a structure that is connected to the removable battery  510  provided on the back side of the battery accommodator  120 H when the removable battery  510  has been accommodated in the battery slot  120  provided in the battery replacement device  100 A and is also a connector for performing the transmission of information such as a battery ID, a charging count, and a measured value indicating the state of the power storage  511  that are exchanged between the removable battery  510  and the battery replacement device  100 A or the transmission of electric power. 
     (Configuration of Battery Replacement Device  100 A) 
     Subsequently, an example of a configuration of the battery replacement device  100 A will be described.  FIG. 11  is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the battery replacement device  100 A constituting the shared battery management system  10 A of the second embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 11 , the battery replacement device  100 A includes a display  110 , a connector  120 T, a charger  120 C, a replacement device storage  130 A, a replacement device controller  140 A, and a replacement device communicator  150 A. Also, the replacement device controller  140 A includes a charging controller  141 A, a measurement sensor  142 , an information acquirer  143 A, and a processor  144 A. 
     The replacement device storage  130 A stores various information in the battery replacement device  100 A like the replacement device storage  130  provided in the battery replacement device  100 A in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment. The replacement device storage  130 A stores at least the rentable battery list B previously acquired from the operation server  200 A via the network NW. The replacement device storage  130 A is configured to include, for example, a memory such as a ROM, a RAM, an electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), a hard disk drive (HDD), or a flash memory. Also, the replacement device storage  130 A stores a program for the replacement device controller  140 A to execute the function of the battery replacement device  100 A. Also, the replacement device storage  130 A may store information of whether or not the removable battery  510  has been accommodated in each battery slot  120  provided in the battery replacement device  100 A or information (hereinafter referred to as “battery state information”) of a battery ID, a charging count, a deterioration state of the removable battery  510  accommodated in each battery slot  120 , a measured value indicating the state of the power storage  511 , and the like. Also, the replacement device storage  130 A may also store information indicating the state of charge such as a charge rate of each removable battery  510  as the battery state information. Also, the replacement device storage  130 A may store identification information (a battery replacement device ID) exclusively assigned to the battery replacement device  100 A. 
     The replacement device controller  140 A controls the entire battery replacement device  100 A like the replacement device controller  140  provided in the battery replacement device  100 A in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment. The replacement device controller  140 A is configured to include, for example, a processor such as a CPU. The replacement device controller  140 A implements the function of the battery replacement device  100 A by reading and executing the program stored in the replacement device storage  130 A. More specifically, the replacement device controller  140 A acquires information (battery state information) of a battery ID, a charging count, and a deterioration state of the removable battery  510  accommodated in each battery slot  120 , a measured value indicating the state of the power storage  511 , and the like periodically at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 5 minutes). The replacement device controller  140 A calculates the charge rate of the power storage  511 , i.e., the charge rate of the removable battery  510 , on the basis of the acquired measured value representing the state of the power storage  511 . When the removable battery  510  itself calculates the charge rate, the replacement device controller  140 A may acquire information indicating the state of charge such as a charge rate of the removable battery  510  accommodated in each battery slot  120  as the battery state information periodically at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 5 minutes). The replacement device controller  140 A outputs the acquired battery state information of each removable battery  510  and the calculated (or acquired) information of the charge rate to the replacement device communicator  150 A and outputs an instruction for transmitting the output information as the battery state list S to the replacement device communicator  150 A. Thereby, the replacement device communicator  150 A communicates with the operation server  200 A via the network NW and transmits the battery state list S including the battery state information output by the replacement device controller  140 A to the operation server  200 A. 
     Also, when the rentable battery list B transmitted from the operation server  200 A is output from the replacement device communicator  150 A, the replacement device controller  140 A causes the replacement device storage  130 A to store the rentable battery list B acquired from the operation server  200 A. Subsequently, the replacement device controller  140 A performs a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  on the basis of the order of the battery IDs included in the rentable battery list B stored in the replacement device storage  130 A. At this time, the replacement device controller  140 A notifies the user of the electric motorcycle  50  of the battery slot  120  (for example, a battery slot  120 - 1 ) in which the used battery  510   u  will be accommodated through the display  110 . Thereby, the user of the electric motorcycle  50  accommodates the used battery  510   u  that has been brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H of the battery slot  120 - 1  in a state in which the removable battery  510  is not accommodated. Subsequently, the replacement device controller  140 A determines whether or not the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced on the basis of the information of the battery IDs of the removable batteries  510  included in the rentable battery list B. When it is determined that the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H is a removable battery  510  capable of being replaced, the replacement device controller  140 A selects a charged battery  510   c  on the basis of the order of the battery IDs of the removable batteries  510  included in the rentable battery list B and notifies the user of the electric motorcycle  50  of the battery slot  120  (for example, a battery slot  120 - 2 ) in which the selected charged battery  510   c  is accommodated through the display  110 . Thereby, the user of the electric motorcycle  50  extracts the charged battery  510   c  from the battery accommodator  120 - 2 H of the battery slot  120 - 2  and replaces the removable battery  510 . Subsequently, the replacement device controller  140 A charges the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H. On the other hand, when it is determined that the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H is a removable battery  510  that cannot be replaced, the replacement device controller  140 A prohibits replacement from being performed with the charged battery  510   c  accommodated in the battery slot  120  (for example, the battery slot  120 - 2 ). The replacement device controller  140 A notifies the user of the electric motorcycle  50  that the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 - 1 H is a removable battery  510  that cannot be replaced through the display  110 . 
     Like the information acquirer  143  provided in the battery replacement device  100 A in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment, the information acquirer  143 A acquires information of the removable battery  510  accommodated in the battery slot  120 , i.e., the removable battery  510  stored in the battery replacement device  100 A. More specifically, the information acquirer  143 A acquires battery state information (information of a battery ID, a charging count, a measured value indicating the state of the power storage  511 , and the like) of the removable battery  510  which is accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H of the battery slot  120  and in which the connector  515 A and the connector  120 T are connected via the connector  120 T periodically at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 5 minutes). The information acquirer  143 A outputs the acquired battery state information to the processor  144 A. Also, the information acquirer  143 A may cause the replacement device storage  130 A to store the acquired battery state information. 
     The measurement sensor  142  outputs the measured value indicating the measured state of the removable battery  510  to the charging controller  141 A. 
     Also, in the replacement device controller  140 A, the information acquirer  143 A acquires the measured value indicating the state of the power storage  511  measured by the measurement sensor  512  provided in the removable battery  510  as the battery state information via the connector  120 T. Thus, the measurement sensor  142  may be configured to output the measured value indicating the state of the power storage  511  acquired by the information acquirer  143 A to the charging controller  141 A. 
     Like the charging controller  141  provided in the battery replacement device  100 A in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment, the charging controller  141 A controls the charging of the removable battery  510  by controlling the charger  120 C in consideration of the measured value of the removable battery  510  output from the measurement sensor  142 . Also, the charging controller  141 A calculates a current charge rate of the removable battery  510  that is charged, i.e., a current charge rate of the power storage  511  provided in the removable battery  510 , on the basis of the measured value of the removable battery  510  output from the measurement sensor  142 . The charging controller  141 A outputs the calculated charge rate of the removable battery  510  to the processor  144 A. Also, like the charging controller  141  provided in the battery replacement device  100 A in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment, the charging controller  141 A outputs information indicating that the charging has been completed to the processor  144 A when the charging of the removable battery  510  has been completed. When information of the charge rate of each removable battery  510  is stored as the battery state information in the replacement device storage  130 A, the charging controller  141 A may be configured to output information of the calculated current charge rate of the removable battery  510  (including the completion of charging) to the replacement device storage  130 A and update the battery state information stored in the replacement device storage  130 A. 
     Also, in the battery replacement device  100 A, the removable battery  510  may be configured to be temporarily discharged with the remaining electric power before the removable battery  510  is charged. In this case, the charging controller  141 A also controls the discharging of the removable battery  510 . 
     Like the processor  144  provided in the battery replacement device  100 A in the shared battery management system  10  of the first embodiment, the processor  144 A performs a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  in the battery replacement device  100 A. More specifically, the processor  144 A selects a charged battery  510   c  to be used instead of the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  and accommodated in the battery slot  120  from among charged batteries  510   c  with which rental (replacement) can be performed included in the rentable battery list B stored in the replacement device storage  130 A. At this time, the processor  144 A selects the charged battery  510   c  with which replacement is performed in the order of the battery IDs included in the rentable battery list B. The processor  144 A performs a process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the selected charged battery  510   c  and a process of charging the used battery  510   u.  In the process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  in the processor  144 A, the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is notified of a battery slot  120  in which the selected charged battery  510   c  is accommodated. The processor  144 A extracts the charged battery  510   c  accommodated in the battery slot  120  of which the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is notified, performs the replacement of the removable battery  510 , and then updates the rentable battery list B. That is, the processor  144 A deletes the battery state information about the selected charged battery  510   c  included in the rentable battery list B stored in the replacement device storage  130 A. Also, in the process of charging the used battery  510   u  in the processor  144 A, an instruction indicating that the used battery  510   u  is to be charged is output to the charging controller  141 A. Thereby, the charging controller  141 A controls the charger  120 C in consideration of the measured value of the removable battery  510  output from the measurement sensor  142 , so that the charger  120 C charges the used battery  510   u.    
     The replacement device communicator  150 A performs wireless communication with the operation server  200 A via the network NW in response to an instruction from the replacement device controller  140 A and transmits the battery state list S to the operation server  200 A. Also, the replacement device communicator  150 A acquires the rentable battery list B from the operation server  200 A. The replacement device communicator  150 A outputs the rentable battery list B acquired from the operation server  200 A to the replacement device storage  130 A and causes the replacement device storage  130 A to store the rentable battery list B. 
     Also, the rentable battery list B cannot always be acquired from the operation server  200 A immediately after the replacement device communicator  150 A transmits the battery state list S to the operation server  200 A. This is because the operation server  200 A determines a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof on the basis of the battery state list S transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A and then creates the rentable battery list B. Thus, when the rentable battery list B is transmitted from the operation server  200 A, the replacement device communicator  150 A receives the transmitted rentable battery list B, outputs the rentable battery list B to the replacement device storage  130 A, and causes the replacement device storage  130 A to store the rentable battery list B. That is, the rentable battery list B stored in the replacement device storage  130 A may be updated. Also, after the battery state list S is transmitted to the operation server  200 A, the replacement device communicator  150 A may be configured to ask the operation server  200 A about whether or not the rentable battery list B has been updated, acquire the updated rentable battery list B when the rentable battery list B has been updated in the operation server  200 A, and cause the replacement device storage  130 A to store (update) the rentable battery list B. 
     Also, the replacement device communicator  150 A may notify the replacement device controller  140 A (more specifically, the processor  144 A) of information indicating that the rentable battery list B stored in the replacement device storage  130 A has been updated. However, the processor  144 A selects the charged battery  510   c  with which replacement is performed in the order of the battery IDs included in the rentable battery list B previously stored in the replacement device storage  130 A and updates the rentable battery list B by deleting the battery state information about the selected charged battery  510   c  included in the rentable battery list B after the removable battery  510  is replaced. That is, the rentable battery list B stored in the replacement device storage  130 A is in a state in which only the battery state information about charged batteries  510   c  with which replacement can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A is included. Therefore, whether or not the rentable battery list B stored in the replacement device storage  130 A has been updated does not affect the selection of the charged battery  510   c  with which rental (replacement) is performed in the processor  144 A. Accordingly, the replacement device communicator  150 A does not need to output the information indicating that the rentable battery list B has been updated to the processor  144 A. 
     (Configuration of Operation Server  200 A) 
     Next, an example of a configuration of the operation server  200 A will be described.  FIG. 12  is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the operation server  200 A constituting the shared battery management system  10 A of the second embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 12 , the operation server  200 A includes a server storage  210 A, a server controller  220 A, and a server communicator  230 A. Also, the server controller  220 A includes a list processor  222 A. 
     The server storage  210 A stores various information in the operation server  200 A. The server storage  210 A stores at least the battery state list S transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A via the network NW and the rentable battery list B transmitted to the battery replacement device  100 A via the network NW. For example, the server storage  210 A is configured to include a memory such as a ROM, a RAM, an EEPROM, an HDD, or a flash memory. Also, the server storage  210 A stores a program for the server controller  220 A to execute the function of the operation server  200 A. Also, the server storage  210 A may store the information of a battery replacement device ID exclusively assigned to the battery replacement device  100 A. 
     The server controller  220 A controls the entire operation server  200 A. For example, the server controller  220 A is configured to include a processor such as a CPU. The server controller  220 A implements the function of the operation server  200 A by reading and executing the program stored in the server storage  210 A. More specifically, the server controller  220 A determines a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof on the basis of the battery state list S transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A. Also, in the operation server  200 A, for example, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A, the operator of the shared battery use service, or the like may sequentially change logics when the battery replacement device  100 A performs a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  on the basis of thinking, an intention, or the like of the management and operation for the removable battery  510  in the shared battery management system  10 A. At this time, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like may sequentially change settings of rules for determining a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof by operating an input device (for example, a keyboard or a mouse) (not shown) on the basis of information displayed on a display device (for example, a liquid crystal display) (not shown) of a terminal (not shown) connected to the operation server  200 A. 
     The server controller  220 A creates the rentable battery list B including information of the determined removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A, the determined order in which rental (replacement) is performed with the removable battery  510 , and the like, outputs the created rentable battery list B to the server storage  210 A, and causes the server storage  210 A to store the created rentable battery list B. Also, the server controller  220 A outputs the created rentable battery list B to the server communicator  230 A, so that the rentable battery list B is transmitted to the battery replacement device  100 A that has transmitted the battery state list S via the network NW. 
     The list processor  222 A performs a process of creating the rentable battery list B based on the battery state list S. More specifically, the list processor  222 A determines a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof on the basis of information of a battery ID and a charging count of the removable battery  510  that is stored in the battery replacement device  100 A and a battery ID, a charging count, and a charge rate of a charged removable battery  510  included in the battery state list S transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A. Further, the list processor  222 A creates the rentable battery list B including information of the determined removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A, the determined order in which rental (replacement) can be performed with the removable battery  510 , and the like. The list processor  222 A associates the created rentable battery list B with the information of the battery replacement device ID of the battery replacement device  100 A, outputs an association result to the server storage  210 A, and causes the server storage  210 A to store association result. Also, the list processor  222 A outputs the created rentable battery list B to the server communicator  230 A and outputs an instruction for transmitting the output rentable battery list B to the battery replacement device  100 A that has transmitted the battery state list S to the server communicator  230 A. Thereby, the server communicator  230 A communicates with the battery replacement device  100 A via the network NW and transmits the rentable battery list B output by the server controller  220 A to the battery replacement device  100 A. 
     The server communicator  230 A performs wireless communication with the replacement device communicator  150 A provided in the battery replacement device  100 A via the network NW. The server communicator  230 A receives the battery state list S transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A via the network NW, and causes the server storage  210 A to store the received battery state list S. Also, the server communicator  230 A transmits the rentable battery list B to the battery replacement device  100 A via the network NW in response to the instruction from the list processor  222 A. 
     Also, as described above, the rentable battery list B cannot be always transmitted to the battery replacement device  100 A immediately after the battery state list S transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A is received. In this case, an inquiry about whether or not the rentable battery list B has been updated is transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A. When an inquiry about whether or not the rentable battery list B has been updated has been transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A, the server communicator  230 A transmits the rentable battery list B created by the list processor  222 A and stored in the server storage  210 A to the battery replacement device  100 A. At this time, the server communicator  230 A reads a rentable battery list B corresponding to the battery replacement device  100 A that has transmitted the inquiry, i.e., a rentable battery list B associated with the battery replacement device ID of the battery replacement device  100 A that has transmitted the inquiry from the server storage  210 A and transmits the read rentable battery list B to the battery replacement device  100 A via the network NW. Thereby, the battery replacement device  100 A can acquire the rentable battery list B via the network NW and independently perform a procedure for performing rental (replacement) with the charged battery  510   c  to be used instead of the used battery  510   u  running out of power brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  on the basis of the acquired rentable battery list B. 
     Next, an example of a flow of a process in the shared battery management system  10 A of the second embodiment will be described.  FIG. 13  is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a process of acquiring information (a rentable battery list B) of removable batteries  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A of the second embodiment. In  FIG. 13 , an example of a process of the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A constituting the shared battery management system  10 A that provides the battery sharing service is shown in association with the removable battery  510  stored in the battery replacement device  100 A. Also,  FIG. 14  is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a process of renting out (replacing) the removable battery  510  in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A of the second embodiment. In  FIG. 14 , an example of a process of the battery replacement device  100 A constituting the shared battery management system  10 A, which provides the battery sharing service, is shown in association with the removable battery  510  (the used battery  510   u ), which is a replacement target, and the user of the electric motorcycle  50 . 
     First, a process in which the battery replacement device  100 A transmits the battery state list S to the operation server  200 A and the operation server  200 A creates a rentable battery list B on the basis of the battery state list S and transmits the created rentable battery list B to the battery replacement device  100 A (the battery replacement device  100 A acquires the rentable battery list B) will be described with reference to  FIG. 13 . Also, in the following description, it is assumed that the logic when the battery replacement device  100 A performs a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510 , i.e., the rule for the operation server  200 A to determine a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof, has already been set in the operation server  200 A by, for example, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like. Also, although, for example, the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the like, may create a rentable battery list B by operating the operation server  200 A in the shared battery management system  10 A, a case in which the operation of the manager or the like is omitted and the operation server  200 A creates the rentable battery list B will be described for ease of description in the following description. 
     In the shared battery management system  10 A, the battery replacement device  100 A first acquires battery state information from each removable battery  510 , which is stored and charged, periodically at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 5 minutes) (step S 111 ). At this time, in the battery replacement device  100 A, the information acquirer  143 A provided in the replacement device controller  140 A acquires information from components provided in the removable battery  510  via the connector  120 T of each battery accommodator  120 H and the connector  515 A. More specifically, the information acquirer  143 A acquires information of a battery ID, a charging count, and a deteriorated state from the storage  514 A provided in the removable battery  510 . Also, the information acquirer  143 A acquires information of a measured value indicating the state of the power storage  511  from the measurement sensor  512  or the BMU  513 A provided in the removable battery  510 . Also, the information acquirer  143 A may acquire information of a charge rate from the BMU  513 A provided in the removable battery  510 . 
     Subsequently, the battery replacement device  100 A transmits the battery state list S recording the battery state information acquired from each removable battery  510 , which is stored and charged, to the operation server  200 A (step S 112 ). At this time, in the battery replacement device  100 A, the processor  144 A provided in the replacement device controller  140 A outputs an instruction for transmitting the battery state information as the battery state list S to the replacement device communicator  150 A. Thereby, in the battery replacement device  100 A, the replacement device communicator  150 A transmits the battery state list S including the battery state information to the operation server  200 A via the network NW. Also, when the information acquirer  143 A has acquired information of a charge rate from the removable battery  510 , the battery replacement device  100 A transmits the battery state list S having the acquired information of the charge rate as charge rate information in the battery state information to the operation server  200 A. 
     When the battery state list S is transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A, the operation server  200 A determines a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof on the basis of the transmitted battery state list S (step S 213 ). At this time, in the operation server  200 A, the list processor  222 A provided in the server controller  220 A determines a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof on the basis of information of a battery ID, a charging count, and a deterioration state of each removable battery  510  that is stored in the battery replacement device  100 A and a battery ID, a charging count, a deterioration state, and a charge rate of each removable battery  510  that is charged in the battery replacement device  100 A included in the battery state list S. 
     Subsequently, the operation server  200 A creates a rentable battery list B (step S 214 ). At this time, in the operation server  200 A, the list processor  222 A creates the rentable battery list B including information of a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A, the order in which rental (replacement) can be performed with the removable battery  510 , and the like. 
     The operation server  200 A transmits the created rentable battery list B to the battery replacement device  100 A (step S 215 ). At this time, in the operation server  200 A, the list processor  222 A outputs an instruction for transmitting the rentable battery list B created for the battery replacement device  100 A that has transmitted the battery state list S to the server communicator  230 A. Thereby, in the operation server  200 A, the server communicator  230 A transmits the rentable battery list B created by the list processor  222 A to the battery replacement device  100 A via the network NW. Also, when an inquiry about whether or not the rentable battery list B has been updated has been transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A, the operation server  200 A transmits a corresponding rentable battery list B to the battery replacement device  100 A that has transmitted the inquiry. 
     Subsequently, the operation server  200 A causes the process to return to step S 213 . That is, the operation server  200 A waits for a process of creating the rentable battery list B in the operation server  200 A to be performed until the next battery state list S is transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A. When the next battery state list S is transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A, the operation server  200 A iterates a process of creating a rentable battery list B, i.e., a process (steps S 213  to S 215 ) of determining a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof, creating a rentable battery list B, and transmitting the rentable battery list B to the battery replacement device  100 A. 
     On the other hand, the battery replacement device  100 A stores the rentable battery list B transmitted from the operation server  200 A in the replacement device storage  130 A (step S 316 ). At this time, in the battery replacement device  100 A, the replacement device communicator  150 A outputs the rentable battery list B transmitted from the operation server  200 A to the replacement device storage  130 A and causes the replacement device storage  130 A to store the rentable battery list B. Thereby, the battery replacement device  100 A can independently perform a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  on the basis of the rentable battery list B transmitted from the operation server  200 A. 
     Subsequently, the battery replacement device  100 A determines whether or not a predetermined time period (for example, 5 minutes) has elapsed (step S 417 ). When a result of the determination of step S 417  indicates that the predetermined time period has not elapsed (“NO” in step S 417 ), the battery replacement device  100 A iterates the determination of step S 417  in the process. That is, the battery replacement device  100 A waits for the acquisition of battery state information from each removable battery  510  and the transmission of the battery state list S to the operation server  200 A before the predetermined time period elapses. On the other hand, when a result of the determination of step S 417  indicates that the predetermined time period has elapsed (“YES” in step S 417 ), the battery replacement device  100 A returns to step S 111  and acquires the battery state information from each removable battery  510  again. That is, the battery replacement device  100 A iterates a process (steps S 111  to S 316 ) of acquiring the battery state information from each removable battery  510  that is stored and charged, transmitting the battery state information as the battery state list S to the operation server  200 A, and acquiring the rentable battery list B from the operation server  200 A. Thereby, in the battery replacement device  100 A, the rentable battery list B stored in the replacement device storage  130 A is updated to the latest state periodically at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 5 minutes). 
     In this manner, in the shared battery management system  10 A, the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A communicate with each other via the network NW periodically at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 5 minutes) to update the rentable battery list B including information of a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order in which rental (replacement) is performed with the removable battery  510 . Thereby, in the shared battery management system  10 A, the battery replacement device  100 A can independently perform a procedure for replacing a used battery  510   u  running out of power brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with the stored charged battery  510   c  on the basis of the latest rentable battery list B reflecting a current power storage state in the power storage  511  provided in the removable battery  510 . 
     Subsequently, a process in which the battery replacement device  100 A rents out (replaces) the removable battery  510  will be described with reference to  FIG. 14 . Also, in the following description, it is assumed that a used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is replaced with a charged battery  510   c.  Also, in the following description, it is assumed that the rentable battery list B previously acquired from the operation server  200 A in the flow of the process shown in  FIG. 13  is stored in the replacement device storage  130 A provided in the battery replacement device  100 A. Also, although a case in which the user of the electric motorcycle  50  starts a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  by, for example, operating an input means (not shown) provided in the battery replacement device  100 A, is conceivable in the shared battery management system  10 A, a detailed description of the operation of the battery replacement device  100 A by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  will be omitted for ease of description in the following description. 
     The user of the electric motorcycle  50  brings the used battery  510   u  running out of power and accommodates the used battery  510   u  in the battery accommodator  120 H of the battery slot  120  (step S 510 ). Thereby, the connector  120 T within the battery accommodator  120 H of any battery slot  120  provided in the battery replacement device  100 A is electrically connected to the connector  515 A of the used battery  510   u  accommodated by the user of the electric motorcycle  50 . At this time, in the battery replacement device  100 A, the replacement device controller  140 A starts a process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  under an assumption that the user of the electric motorcycle  50  has requested the replacement of the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H. 
     When the process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  is started in the battery replacement device  100 A, it is first determined whether or not information of a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed has been recorded in the rentable battery list B (step S 611 ). That is, the battery replacement device  100 A determines whether or not the charged battery  510   c  with which rental (replacement) can be performed has been stored in any battery slot  120 . At this time, in the battery replacement device  100 A, the processor  144 A provided in the replacement device controller  140 A confirms whether or not information about any removable battery  510  has been included in the rentable battery list B stored in the replacement device storage  130 A. 
     When the information of the removable battery  510  has not been recorded in the rentable battery list B, the processor  144 A determines that rental (replacement) cannot be performed with a charged battery  510   c  to be used instead of the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H in step S 611  (“NO” in step S 611 ). In this case, the processor  144 A notifies the user of the electric motorcycle  50  that the used battery  510   u  cannot be replaced (step S 712 ). Also, although a method of displaying a message indicating that the used battery  510   u  cannot be replaced on the display  110  is conceivable as a method of notifying the user of the electric motorcycle  50  that the used battery  510   u  cannot be replaced, various methods are conceivable as a method of providing a notification to the user of the electric motorcycle  50  in the present invention. 
     On the other hand, when the information of the removable battery  510  has been recorded in the rentable battery list B, the processor  144 A determines that rental (replacement) can be performed with the charged battery  510   c  to be used instead of the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H in step S 611  (“YES” in step S 611 ). In this case, the processor  144 A selects the charged battery  510   c  with which rental (replacement) is performed from the charged batteries  510   c  stored in the rentable battery list B (step S 713 ). Also, when information of a plurality of charged batteries  510   c  has been recorded within the rentable battery list B, a charged battery  510   c  having the earliest turn in order is selected as a charged battery  510   c  with which rental (replacement) is performed in a process of selecting the charged batteries  510   c  in the processor  144 A. 
     The processor  144 A notifies the user of the electric motorcycle  50  of information of the selected charged battery  510   c,  i.e., the battery slot  120  in which the charged battery  510   c  with which rental (replacement) is performed is accommodated (step S 714 ). At this time, the processor  144 A provides a notification of information of the battery slot  120  in which the charged battery  510   c  with which rental (replacement) is performed is accommodated on the basis of information of the selected charged battery  510   c  stored in the rentable battery list B. Thereby, the user of the electric motorcycle  50  extracts the charged battery  510   c  accommodated in the battery accommodator  120 H of the battery slot  120  indicated in the notification (step S 810 ). That is, the user of the electric motorcycle  50  completes the replacement of the removable battery  510 . Thereby, the user of the electric motorcycle  50  can mount the charged battery  510   c  on the electric motorcycle  50  and continue traveling. 
     At this time, an electrical connection between the connector  120 T within the battery accommodator  120 H of the battery slot  120  that is selected and indicated in the notification and the connector  515 A of the charged battery  510   c  that is accommodated is disconnected. Thereby, in the battery replacement device  100 A, the replacement device controller  140 A updates the rentable battery list B under an assumption that the replacement of the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  has been completed. More specifically, the processor  144 A deletes the battery state information about the selected charged battery  510   c  from the rentable battery list B. 
     Subsequently, in the battery replacement device  100 A, a process of charging the used battery  510   u  accommodated in the battery slot  120  by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is started (step S 915 ). At this time, in the battery replacement device  100 A, the processor  144 A outputs an instruction indicating that the used battery  510   u  is to be charged to the information acquirer  143 A provided in the replacement device controller  140 A. Thereby, the charging controller  141 A controls the charger  120 C on the basis of a measured value of the removable battery  510  output from the measurement sensor  142 , so that the charger  120 C charges the used battery  510   u.    
     Also, in the present invention, various timings are conceivable as the timing for starting charging of the used battery  510   u  in the battery replacement device  100 A. For example, when a plurality of charged batteries  510   c  are accommodated, the processor  144 A may output an instruction to the charging controller  141 A so that charging is started immediately after the replacement of the used battery  510   u  is completed or may output an instruction to the charging controller  141 A so that charging is started when the number of charged batteries  510   c  becomes less than or equal to a predetermined number. 
     Also, in the present invention, various methods are conceivable as a method of controlling the charger  120 C when the used battery  510   u  is charged. 
     Subsequently, the battery replacement device  100 A is on standby in a state in which a request for replacement of the used battery  510   u  from the user of the electric motorcycle  50  can be accepted. The battery replacement device  100 A iterates a process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  and a process of charging the used battery  510   u  (steps S 611  to S 915 ) every time the user of the electric motorcycle  50  brings the used battery  510   u  running out of power and the replacement of the used battery  510   u  is requested. 
     Also, the battery replacement device  100 A can perform a process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  as much as information of removable batteries  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A is recorded in the rentable battery list B. However, in the shared battery management system  10 A, if the communication between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A via the network NW is not interrupted, a new rentable battery list B is created, for example, at predetermined time intervals such as every 5 minutes, and the rentable battery list stored in the replacement device storage  130 A is updated as described above. Accordingly, when the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  is charged and serves as a charged battery  510   c,  the battery replacement device  100 A can perform rental (replacement) with this charged battery  510   c  serving as a charged battery  510   c  to be used instead of another used battery  510   u.  That is, the shared battery management system  10 A can continue to perform a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  while the communication between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A is normally performed via the network NW. 
     Further, in the shared battery management system  10 A, the rentable battery list B is stored in the battery replacement device  100 A, so that the battery replacement device  100 A can independently perform a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  on the basis of the rentable battery list B. Thus, in the shared battery management system  10 A, for example, even if the communication between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A via the network NW is interrupted or stable communication cannot be performed, it is possible to perform a process of replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  as much as information of removable batteries  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed is recorded in the rentable battery list B. That is, in the shared battery management system  10 A, it is possible to avoid the stop or suspension of replacement of the removable battery  510  due to the deterioration of the state of communication (the environment of communication) between the shared battery management system  10 A and the operation server  200 A and continue to provide the battery sharing service to the users of the electric motorcycles  50  until the replacement of removable batteries  510 , which are as many as the number of removable batteries  510  recorded in the current rentable battery list B, is completed. The shared battery management system  10 A is considered to be significantly effective as compared with the conventional shared battery management system in which rental (replacement) is performed with a charged battery  510   c  using communication performed between the operation server and the battery replacement device via the network NW every time the user of the electric motorcycle  50  brings a used battery  510   u  running out of power. 
     (Comparison of Operation Between Shared Battery Management System  10 A and Conventional Shared Battery Management System) 
     Here, operations of a battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A and a battery sharing service adopting the conventional shared battery management system will be compared.  FIG. 15  is a diagram schematically showing a flow of a procedure for renting out the removable battery  510  in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A of the second embodiment. Also,  FIG. 16  is a diagram schematically showing a flow of a procedure for renting out the removable battery  510  in the battery sharing service adopting the conventional shared battery management system. 
     As described above, in the shared battery management system  10 A, the battery replacement device  100 A transmits the battery state list S to the operation server  200 A via the network NW and previously acquires the rentable battery list B created by the operation server  200 A. In the shared battery management system  10 A, the battery replacement device  100 A independently performs a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  in accordance with information of a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof included in the acquired rentable battery list B. In (a) of  FIG. 15 , a state in which the shared battery management system  10 A exchanges the battery state list S and the rentable battery list B between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A via the network NW is schematically shown. Also, in (b) of  FIG. 15 , a state in which the battery replacement device  100 A replaces the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  on the basis of the acquired rentable battery list B is schematically shown. 
     In the shared battery management system  10 A, the rentable battery list B for use in the battery replacement device  100 A is not acquired from the operation server  200 A every time selection is performed when the charged battery  510   c  with which rental (replacement) can be performed is selected instead of the used battery  510   u  and is previously acquired periodically, for example, at predetermined regular time intervals, for example, every 5 minutes. Thus, in the shared battery management system  10 A, as shown in (a) of  FIG. 15 , the battery replacement device  100 A transmits the battery state information of each removable battery  510  that is stored and charged as the battery state list S to the operation server  200 A, acquires the rentable battery list B created on the basis of the battery state list S transmitted by the operation server  200 A, and stores the rentable battery list B. Thereby, the battery replacement device  100 A can independently perform a process of replacing the removable battery  510  on the basis of the stored rentable battery list B without being affected by the state of wireless communication (the environment of communication) via the network NW between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A. That is, as shown in (b) of  FIG. 15 , the battery replacement device  100 A does not need to immediately stop or suspend a procedure for replacing a used battery  510   u  brought in by a user P of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  even if wireless communication with the operation server  200 A via the network NW is interrupted or stable wireless communication cannot be performed. The battery replacement device  100 A can continue to independently perform a procedure for replacing removable batteries  510 , which are as many as the number of removable batteries  510  recorded in the rentable battery list B. Thus, in the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A, it is possible to perform replacement with the charged battery  510   c  when the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  wants to replace the used battery  510   u.  Considering that the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  uses the battery sharing service at a timing when it is expected that the removable battery  510  will run out of power and traveling of the electric motorcycle  50  will be difficult, the shared battery management system  10 A is considered to be significantly effective for maintaining the provision of the battery sharing service. 
     Moreover, in the shared battery management system  10 A, the number of removable batteries  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100 A in a situation in which the state of wireless communication state (an environment of communication) between the shared battery management system  10 A and the operation server  200 A deteriorates is the number of removable batteries  510  recorded in the rentable battery list B. Thus, in the shared battery management system  10 A, for example, considering that the operation server  200 A manages which removable battery  510  is rented out to the user P of which electric motorcycle  50 , unnecessary replacement of the removable battery  510  is not performed, so that it is also considered possible to avoid a situation in which the restoration of management information becomes difficult after the wireless communication state (the communication environment) is restored. 
     On the other hand, in the conventional shared battery management system, communication via the network NW is performed between the battery supply device corresponding to the battery replacement device  100 A and the system management device corresponding to the operation server  200 A every time the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  brings the used battery  510   u.  In (a) of  FIG. 16 , the state of a process in the battery replacement device  800 , which is the battery supply device, and the system management device  900  via the network NW in the conventional shared battery management system is schematically shown. More specifically, in the conventional shared battery management system, as shown in (a) of  FIG. 16 , the battery replacement device  800  transmits information of the used battery  510   u  to the system management device  900  connected via the network NW at a timing when the used battery  510   u  is replaced with the charged battery  510   c.  In the conventional shared battery management system, as shown in (a) of  FIG. 16 , the system management device  900  selects a charged battery  510   c  with which rental (replacement) is performed at the battery replacement device  800  instead of the used battery  510   u  on the basis of information of the used battery  510   u  transmitted from the battery replacement device  800  and transmits a selection result to the battery replacement device  800  via the network NW. In the conventional shared battery management system, the battery replacement device  800  performs a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  in accordance with the selection result transmitted from the system management device  900 . 
     Thus, in the conventional shared battery management system, as shown in (b) of  FIG. 16 , it is not possible to perform the procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  when wireless communication via the network NW between the battery replacement device  800  and the system management device  900  is interrupted or stable wireless communication cannot be performed at a timing when the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  has brought the used battery  510   u.  That is, in the conventional shared battery management system, the procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  brought in by the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  with the charged battery  510   c  has to be stopped or suspended due to the state of a wireless communication (an environment of communication) via the network NW between the battery replacement device  800  and the system management device  900 . In this case, the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  has to wait for the wireless communication between the battery replacement device  800  and the system management device  900  via the network NW to be restored. This is because, considering that the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  arrives at the current battery replacement device  800  at a timing when it is expected that the removable battery  510  will run out of power and traveling of the electric motorcycle  50  will be difficult, it is considered difficult to go to another battery replacement device  800 . Thus, considering that the user P of the electric motorcycle  50  uses the battery sharing service for the purpose of shortening a time period required to charge the removable battery  510  when the removable battery  510  runs out of power and traveling of the electric motorcycle  50  becomes difficult, the conventional shared battery management system is considered to be significantly disadvantageous for maintaining the provision of the battery sharing service. 
     Here, for example, a case in which the battery rental processing means incorporated as software in the battery replacement device  800  performs a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  without using the selection result of the system management device  900  is conceivable. More specifically, a case in which the battery replacement device  800  performs a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with a fully charged battery  510   c  stored in the battery replacement device  800  in accordance with a process of the battery rental processing means incorporated as software is conceivable. In this case, the conventional shared battery management system can also perform a procedure for replacing the used battery  510   u  with the charged battery  510   c  in a situation in which the state of wireless communication (an environment of communication) between the battery replacement device  800  and the system management device  900  via the network NW deteriorates. However, for example, when the state of wireless communication (the environment of communication) via the network NW between the battery replacement device  800  and the system management device  900  continues to deteriorate for a long time, the conventional shared battery management system is configured so that the battery replacement device  800  endlessly performs replacement with fully charged batteries  510   c.  This is because, for example, considering that the system management device  900  manages which removable battery  510  is rented out to the user P of which electric motorcycle  50 , the endless replacement is considered to be a factor that causes a situation in which restoration of the management information becomes difficult after the wireless communication state (the communication environment) is restored in the conventional shared battery management system. For example, this is because a case in which, if the wireless communication state (the communication environment) continues to deteriorate for a long time, a charged battery  510   c,  which has been rented out, will run out of power and will be further replaced with another charged battery and the charged battery  510   c  running out of power will be charged and will be further rented out to a user P of another electric motorcycle  50  when charging is completed is also conceivable. Also, this is because the battery replacement device  800 , which rents out the removable battery  510 , is not always the same as a battery replacement device  800 , which initially rented out the removable battery  510 . In this case, in the conventional shared battery management system, it is necessary for the system management device  900  to restore management information by tracing back in time series how many removable batteries  510  have been replaced until the wireless communication state (the communication environment) is restored and the restoration of the management information may be significantly difficult. 
     In this regard, in the shared battery management system  10 A, the number of removable batteries  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100 A is limited to the number of removable batteries  510  recorded in the rentable battery list B even if the state of wireless communication (the environment of communication) between the shared battery management system  10 A and the operation server  200 A continues to deteriorate for a long time. That is, in the shared battery management system  10 A, the number of times the removable battery  510  is rented out (replaced) by the battery replacement device  100 A can be limited to a finite number in a situation in which the state of wireless communication (the environment of communication) between the shared battery management system  10 A and the operation server  200 A deteriorates. In other words, in the shared battery management system  10 A, in a situation in which the state of wireless communication (the environment of communication) between the shared battery management system  10 A and the operation server  200 A deteriorates, the number of times the removable battery  510  is rented out (replaced) is finitely allowed and endless rental (replacement) of the removable battery  510  can be avoided. Thereby, in the shared battery management system  10 A, a time period for the operation server  200 A to go back in time series for restoring the management information is shortened and the management information can be restored more easily than in the conventional shared battery management system. 
     As described above, according to the second embodiment, the shared battery management system  10 A is configured to include the battery replacement device  100 A installed in a plurality of places and configured to store and charge one or more removable batteries  510  and the operation server  200 A configured to manage removable batteries  510  capable of being replaced at the battery replacement device  100 A. In the second embodiment, the battery replacement device  100 A transmits the battery state information of the removable batteries  510  that are stored and charged as the battery state list S to the operation server  200 A via the network NW periodically at predetermined time intervals such as, for example, every five minutes. Also, in the second embodiment, the battery replacement device  100 A acquires a rentable battery list B recording removable batteries  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed and the order of rental (replacement) created by the operation server  200 A on the basis of the transmitted battery state list S via the network NW and stores the rentable battery list B. In the second embodiment, the battery replacement device  100 A performs a procedure for replacing a used battery  510   u  desired to be replaced by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with a removable battery  510  that is stored on the basis of the stored rentable battery list B. 
     Here, in the second embodiment, the operation server  200 A determines a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order in which rental (replacement) can be performed with the removable battery  510  on the basis of the battery state list S transmitted from the battery replacement device  100 A and creates a rentable battery list B. At this time, in the second embodiment, the operation server  200 A determines a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof on the basis of logic when a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  according to a preset rule is performed and creates the rentable battery list B. Thereby, in the second embodiment, it is possible to easily change a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof, i.e., a method of renting out the removable battery  510 , only by setting a rule for the operation server  200 A to determine a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof in the operation server  200 A. Thereby, in the second embodiment, as in the conventional shared battery management system, it is possible to arbitrarily change the logic when the battery replacement device  100 A performs a procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  at any timing without changing the software itself incorporated in the battery supply device. In other words, in the second embodiment, it is possible to manage a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) is performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof according to the rentable battery list B created by the operation server  200 A. 
     Also, in the second embodiment, it is possible to similarly easily change a removable battery  510  with which rental (replacement) is performed at the battery replacement device  100 A and the order thereof, i.e., a method of renting out the removable battery  510 , even if the logic when the battery replacement device  100 A performs the procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  is set in the operation server  200 A. Moreover, in the second embodiment, the operation server  200 A creates the rentable battery list B reflecting a current power storage state in each removable battery  510  that is stored and charged for each battery replacement device  100 A. Thus, in the second embodiment, the logic when the battery replacement device  100 A performs the procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  is made different by setting a different rule in the operation server  200 A for each battery replacement device  100 A constituting the shared battery management system  10 A. Therefore, in the second embodiment, it is possible to easily change a method of renting out the removable battery  510  on the basis of thinking, an intention, or the like when the management or operation for the removable batteries  510  is performed by the manager of the shared battery management system  10 A or the operator of the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system  10 A. 
     Moreover, in the second embodiment, the battery replacement device  100 A can independently perform a procedure for replacing a used battery  510   u  desired to be replaced by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  with a stored removable battery  510  on the basis of the stored rentable battery list B. Thus, in the second embodiment, the battery replacement device  100 A can continue to perform a procedure for replacing removable batteries  510  until rental (replacement) of all removable batteries recorded in the rentable battery list B is completed even if the state of communication (an environment of communication) via the network NW between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A deteriorates. Thereby, in the second embodiment, it is possible to continue to provide the battery sharing service to the user of the electric motorcycle  50  without stopping or suspending a procedure for replacing a removable battery  510  due to an influence of deterioration of a communication state (a communication environment) until the battery replacement device  100 A completes rental (replacement) of removable batteries  510 , which are as many as the number of removable batteries  510  recorded in the rentable battery list B. 
     Accordingly, in the second embodiment, the flexibility of the battery sharing service to be provided can be improved. 
     Also, an example in which the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A constituting the shared battery management system  10 A communicate with each other via the network NW, which is a communication network for wireless communication, has been described in the second embodiment. However, the communication between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A in the shared battery management system  10 A is not limited to wireless communication and communication between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A in the shared battery management system  10 A may be wired communication, i.e., the network NW may be a communication network for wired communication. Also, even if the communication between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A in the shared battery management system  10 A is wired communication, the wired communication may be interrupted or stable wired communication may not be able to be performed, for example, when the maintenance of the operation server  200 A is performed, or the like. However, even if the communication between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A is wired communication in the shared battery management system  10 A, it is possible to similarly consider the above-described case and obtain a similar effect by replacing the network NW with wired communication. Accordingly, a detailed description of the procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  in the shared battery management system  10 A when the communication between the battery replacement device  100 A and the operation server  200 A is wired communication will be omitted. 
     Also, an example in which one used battery  510   u  is brought in by the user of the electric motorcycle  50  and replaced at the battery replacement device  100 A has been described in the second embodiment. However, the number of removable batteries  510  that are mounted for the electric motorcycle  50  to travel is not limited to one. That is, a case in which the electric motorcycle  50  is an electric vehicle that travels with electric power supplied from a plurality of removable batteries  510  is also conceivable. However, even if the electric motorcycle  50  is an electric vehicle that travels in a state in which a plurality of removable batteries  510  are mounted thereon, a procedure for replacing the removable batteries  510  is conceivable as described above. For example, when the electric motorcycle  50  is an electric vehicle that travels with electric power supplied from two removable batteries  510 , the user of the electric motorcycle  50  performs the operation of steps S 510  and S 810  shown in  FIG. 14  on each removable battery  510 , i.e., performs the operation twice, and the operation is the iteration of the same operation. Accordingly, a detailed description of the procedure for replacing the removable battery  510  in the electric vehicle that travels with the electric power supplied from the plurality of removable batteries  510  will be omitted. 
     In the above-described embodiment, a case in which an electric vehicle, which is an electric power device used by the user who uses the battery sharing service, is the electric motorcycle  50 , which is a saddle-riding type electric vehicle, has been described. However, the electric power device used by the user who uses the battery sharing service is not limited to the saddle-riding type electric vehicle as shown in the above-described embodiment. For example, the electric power device in the above-described embodiment includes all vehicle-type movable objects, each of which travels using an electric motor driven with electric power supplied from the removable battery, such as a three-wheeled vehicle (including a front two-wheeled and rear one-wheeled vehicle in addition to a front one-wheeled and rear two-wheeled vehicle), a four-wheeled vehicle, and an assisted bicycle as well as a saddle-type two-wheeled vehicle. Instead of these vehicle-type movable objects, the “electric power device” may be a portable power charging/supplying device carried by a person or a vehicle described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2019-068552. Also, the “electric power device” may be a movable robot, an autonomous traveling device, an electric bicycle, an autonomous traveling vehicle, another electric vehicle, a drone flying object, or another electric movable device (electric mobility). 
     Also, the various above-described functions or processes in the power storage device management system may be performed by recording a program for implementing the functions or the processes of the storage device (for example, the battery replacement device  100 ) or the server (for example, the operation server  200 ) that is a component of the power storage device management system (for example, the shared battery management system  10 ) according to the present invention on a computer-readable recording medium and causing a computer system to read and execute the program recorded on the recording medium. Also, the “computer system” used here is assumed to include an operating system (OS) and hardware such as peripheral devices. Also, the “computer system” is assumed to include a homepage providing environment (or displaying environment) when a World Wide Web (WWW) system is used. Also, the “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a storage device, including a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disc, a ROM, a writable non-volatile writable memory such as a flash memory, a portable medium such as a compact disc (CD)-ROM, and a hard disk embedded in the computer system. 
     Further, the “computer-readable recording medium” is assumed to include a computer-readable recording medium for retaining the program for a predetermined time period as in a volatile memory (a dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)) inside the computer system including a server and a client when the program is transmitted via a network such as the Internet or a communication circuit such as a telephone circuit. Also, the above-described program may be transmitted from a computer system storing the program in a storage device or the like via a transmission medium or transmitted to another computer system by transmission waves in a transmission medium. Here, the “transmission medium” for transmitting the program refers to a medium having a function of transmitting information as in a network (a communication network) such as the Internet or a communication circuit (a communication line) such as a telephone circuit. Also, the above-described program may be a program for implementing some of the above-described functions. Further, the above-described program may be a program capable of implementing the above-described function in combination with a program already recorded on the computer system, i.e., a so-called differential file (differential program). 
     Although modes for carrying out the present invention have been described above using the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and various modifications and replacements can be applied without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
     The above-described embodiments can be expressed as follows. 
     (1) According to an aspect of the embodiment, there is provided a shared battery management system (for example, the shared battery management system  10 ) for managing replacement of removable batteries (for example, the removable batteries  510 ) that are removably mounted on an electric vehicle (for example, the electric motorcycle  50 ) and shared by a plurality of electric vehicles, the shared battery system including: a battery replacement device (for example, the battery replacement device  100 ) having a plurality of battery slots (for example, the battery slots  120 ) provided to accommodate the removable batteries and configured to store and charge one or more removable batteries; and an operation serer (for example, the operation server  200 ) configured to manage an available battery list (for example, the available battery list L) recording identification information (for example, battery IDs) of a plurality of removable batteries with which replacement can be performed at the battery replacement device, wherein the battery replacement device is configured to acquire the available battery list via a communication network (for example, the network NW) at predetermined time intervals (for example, every three hours, every day, or the like), store the acquired available battery list, and perform a procedure for replacing a used battery (for example, the used battery  510   u ) which is the removable battery running out of power due to the use in the electric vehicle with a charged battery (for example, the charged battery  510   c ) that is the removable battery whose charging is completed and which is stored on the basis of the identification information included in the stored available battery list. 
     (2) In the shared battery management system according to the aspect (1), the battery replacement device is configured to ask the operation server about whether or not the available battery list has been updated via the communication network at predetermined time intervals, acquire the available battery list via the communication network only when the available battery list has been updated, and store the acquired available battery list. 
     (3) In the shared battery management system according to the aspect (2), the battery replacement device includes a replacement device storage (for example, the replacement device storage  130 ) configured to store the acquired available battery list; and a replacement device controller (for example, the replacement device controller  140 ) configured to acquire the identification information of the used battery when the used battery has been accommodated in any battery slot, combine the acquired identification information with the identification information included in the available battery list stored in the replacement device storage device, and determine whether or not the used battery is the removable battery capable of being replaced. 
     (4) In the shared battery management system of the aspect (3), the replacement device controller is configured to determine the used battery accommodated in the battery slot as the removable battery that cannot be replaced when the acquired identification information is not included in the available battery list to provide a notification indicating that replacement is not possible (for example, through the display  110 ), is configured to determine that the used battery accommodated in the battery slot is the removable battery capable of being replaced when the acquired identification information is included in the available battery list, select the charged battery for replacement from among the charged batteries whose charging is completed and which are stored in different battery slots, and provide a notification of the battery slot where the selected charged battery is accommodated (for example, through the display  110 ). 
     (5) In the shared battery management system of the aspect (4), the replacement device controller is configured to start charging of the used battery after the selected charged battery is extracted from the battery slot where the selected charged battery is accommodated. 
     (6) In the shared battery management system according to the aspect (5), the replacement device controller further includes a charging controller (for example, the charging controller  141 ) configured to control a charger for charging the used battery. 
     (7) According to another aspect of the embodiment, there is provided a shared battery management system (for example, the shared battery management system  10 A) for managing replacement of removable batteries (for example, the removable batteries  510 ) that are removably mounted on an electric vehicle (for example, the electric motorcycle  50 ) and shared by a plurality of electric vehicles, the shared battery system including: a battery replacement device (for example, the battery replacement device  100 A) having a plurality of battery slots (for example, the battery slots  120 ) provided to accommodate the removable batteries and configured to store and charge one or more removable batteries; and an operation server (for example, the operation server  200 A) configured to create a rentable battery list (for example, the rentable battery list B) recording a plurality of removable batteries capable of being rented out at the battery replacement device and the order in which the removable batteries are rented, wherein the battery replacement device is configured to acquire the rentable battery list via a communication network (for example, the network NW) periodically at predetermined time intervals (for example, every five minutes), store the acquired rentable battery list, perform a procedure for replacing a used battery (for example, the used battery  510   u ) which is the removable battery running out of power due to the use in the electric vehicle with a charged battery (for example, the charged battery  510   c ) which is the removable battery capable of being rented out included in the rentable battery list in accordance with the order in which the removable batteries are rented indicated in the stored rentable battery list. 
     (8) In the shared battery management system according to the aspect (7), the battery replacement device is configured to delete information of the charged battery with which replacement has been performed from the rentable battery list after the replacement of the used battery with the charged battery included in the rentable battery list is completed. 
     (9) In the shared battery management system according to the aspect (7) or (8), the battery replacement device transmits a battery state list (for example, the battery state list S) recording states of the stored removable batteries to the operation server via the communication network periodically at predetermined time intervals and the operation server is configured to determine the removable batteries capable of being rented out at the battery replacement device and the order in which the removable batteries are rented out on the basis of information indicating the state of each removable battery included in the transmitted battery state list and creates the rentable battery list. 
     (10) In the shared battery management system according to the aspect (9), the operation server is configured to determine the removable batteries capable of being rented out at the battery replacement device and the order in which the removable batteries are rented out in logic according to a rule for determining the removable batteries capable of being rented out and the order in which the removable batteries are rented out preset in correspondence with the battery replacement device. 
     (11) In the shared battery management system according to the aspect (9), the battery replacement device includes a replacement device controller (for example, the replacement device controller  140 A) configured to acquire battery state information indicating states of the stored removable batteries, select the charged battery to be used instead of the used battery in the order indicated in the rentable battery list when the used battery has been accommodated in any battery slot, delete information of the selected charged battery after the replacement of the used battery with the selected charged battery is completed, and update the rentable battery list; a replacement device communicator (for example, the replacement device communicator  150 A) configured to transmit the battery state information as the battery state list to the operation server and acquire the rentable battery list from the operation server; and a replacement device storage (for example, the replacement device storage  130 A) configured to store the acquired rentable battery list. 
     (12) In the shared battery management system according to the aspect (11), the replacement device controller is configured to start charging of the used battery after the selected charged battery is extracted from the battery slot where the selected charged battery is accommodated. 
     (13) In the shared battery management system according to the aspect (12), the replacement device controller further includes a charging controller (for example, the charging controller  141 A) configured to control a charger for charging the used battery. 
     (14) In the shared battery management system according to any one of aspects (9) to (13), the battery state list is configured to record at least identification information (for example, a battery ID) of each removable battery that is stored, information of a charging count, and information of a deterioration state, and information of a charge rate. 
     According to the above-described aspects (1) to (3), the battery replacement device is configured to previously acquire the available battery list recording identification information of the removable batteries that are shared from the operation server via the communication network and store the acquired available battery list. The battery replacement device is configured to determine whether or not the used battery is the removable battery capable of being replaced by collating the identification information of the used battery, which is the removable battery desired to be replaced, with the identification information included in the stored available battery list. Thereby, in the shared battery management system, the battery replacement device can independently perform a procedure for replacing the removable battery even if the communication network between the battery replacement device and the operation server cannot be used. Thereby, the shared battery management system can continue to provide the battery sharing service without being affected by the communication environment between the battery replacement device and the operation server. 
     Also, according to the above-described aspect (4), the replacement device controller provided in the battery replacement device provides a notification of a result of determining whether or not the used battery is a removable battery capable of being replaced. Thereby, the shared battery management system can allow the user who receive the battery sharing service to know whether or not the used battery is a removable battery that is shared. In the shared battery management system, it is possible to prevent a removable battery that is not shared from being mixed in. 
     Also, according to the above-described aspects (5) and (6), in the battery replacement device, the charging of the used battery is started after the charged battery whose charging is completed and which is stored is extracted from the battery slot, i.e., after the replacement of the removable battery is completed. Thereby, in the shared battery management system, charging of the used battery can be started at any timing. 
     According to the above-described aspect (7), the battery replacement device is configured to previously acquire a rentable battery list recording a removable battery with which rental (replacement) can be performed and the order in which rental (replacement) is performed with the removable battery from the operation server via the communication network and stores the rentable battery list. The battery replacement device is configured to select a removable battery to be used instead of the used battery, which is a removable battery desired to be replaced, in accordance with the order indicated in the rentable battery list and performs a replacement procedure with the selected removable battery. Thereby, in the shared battery management system, the battery replacement device can independently perform the procedure for replacing the removable battery even if the communication network between the battery replacement device and the operation server cannot be used. Thereby, the shared battery management system can continue to provide the battery sharing service without being affected by the environment of communication between the battery replacement device and the operation server. 
     Also, according to the above-described aspect (8), the battery replacement device is configured to delete information of the removable battery with which rental (replacement) has been performed from the rentable battery list after the replacement procedure is completed. Thereby, in the shared battery management system, the battery replacement device can rent out (replace) as many removable batteries as the number of removable batteries included in the rentable battery list. Incidentally, the battery replacement device cannot acquire a new rentable battery list when the communication network associated with the operation server remains unavailable for a long time. However, the battery replacement device can rent out (replace) removable batteries, which are as many as the number of removable batteries included in the rentable battery list, i.e., while the removable batteries are recorded in the rentable battery list. Thereby, in the shared battery management system, it is possible to allow a finite number of rentals (replacements) of removable batteries in the battery replacement device without immediately stopping rental (replacement) in a situation in which the communication network between the battery replacement device and the operation server is not available. In other words, in the shared battery management system, it is possible to prevent the battery replacement device from endlessly renting out (replacing) the removable batteries. 
     Also, according to the above-described aspect (9), the battery replacement device is configured to transmit a battery state list recording states of the stored removable batteries to the operation server periodically at predetermined time intervals. The operation server is configured to determine a removable battery with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device and the order thereof on the basis of the information of each removable battery included in the battery state list and creates the rentable battery list. Thereby, in the shared battery management system, the list of rentable batteries acquired by the battery replacement device from the operation server is updated to the latest state reflecting the current state of each removable battery. In other words, in the shared battery management system, the operation server can manage the removable batteries which are rented out (replaced) at the battery replacement device by creating the rentable battery list. 
     Also, according to the above-described aspect (10), the operation server is configured to determine a removable battery with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device and the order thereof in the logic when the replacement procedure is performed according to a preset rule for determining a removable battery with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device and the order thereof. At this time, in the shared battery management system, the rule for determining a removable battery with which rental (replacement) can be performed at the battery replacement device and the order thereof is set. Thereby, in the shared battery management system, the logic when a procedure for replacing the removable battery is performed can differ according to each battery replacement device. Thereby, in the shared battery management system, it is possible to perform the rental of the removable battery suitable for thinking (suitable for an intention) of the manager of the shared battery management system or the operator of the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system. 
     Also, according to the above-described aspect (11), it is possible to implement a function of the battery replacement device that is configured to acquire the battery state information indicating the states of the removable batteries that are stored, transmit the acquired battery state information as the battery state list, store the rentable battery list acquired from the operation server, selects the removable battery to be used instead of the used battery in the order indicated in the stored rentable battery list, and perform the replacement procedure. Also, it is possible to implement the function of a battery replacement device that updates the rentable battery list by deleting the removable battery with which rental (replacement) has been performed from the rentable battery list according to the replacement procedure. 
     Also, according to the above-described aspects (12) and (13), in the battery replacement device, the charging of the used battery is started after the charged battery with which rental (replacement) is performed is extracted from the battery slot, i.e., after the replacement of the removable battery is completed. Thereby, in the shared battery management system, charging of the used battery can be started at any timing. 
     Also, according to the above-described aspect (14), the identification information of the removable battery, the charging count, the deterioration state, and the charge rate (a proportion at which charging has been completed) are stored in the battery state list transmitted by the battery replacement device to the operation server. Thereby, in the shared battery management system, it is possible to prevent the removable battery that has deteriorated at a limit level or more from being rented out (replaced). Thereby, in the shared battery management system, it is possible to facilitate the work of replacing the removable battery that has deteriorated at the limit level or more in the maintenance of the battery sharing service. Also, in the shared battery management system, a removable battery having a charge rate of a predetermined proportion or more can be included in removable batteries with which rental (replacement) can be performed. Thereby, the shared battery management system can provide a flexible removable battery rental (replacement) method according to thinking or an intention of the manager of the shared battery management system or the operator of the battery sharing service adopting the shared battery management system. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       10 ,  10 A Shared battery management system (power storage device management system) 
       100 ,  100 A Battery replacement device (storage device) 
       101  Housing 
       110  Display 
       120 ,  120 - 1 ,  120 - 2 ,  120 - 3 ,  120 - 4 ,  120 - 5 ,  120 - 6 ,  120 - 7 ,  120 - 8  Battery slot (accommodator) 
       120 H,  120 - 1 H Battery accommodator 
       120 L,  120 - 1 L Opening/closing lid 
       120 T Connector 
       120 C Charger 
       130 ,  130 A Replacement device storage (second storage unit) 
       140 ,  140 A Replacement device controller (determiner, provider, deleter, responder) 
       141 ,  141 A Charging controller (charger) 
       142  Measurement sensor 
       143 ,  143 A Information acquirer (state acquirer) 
       144 ,  144 A Processor (determiner) 
       150 ,  150 A Replacement device communicator (transmitter, first transmitter) 
       200 ,  200 A Operation server (server device) 
       210 ,  210 A Server storage (first storage unit) 
       220 ,  220 A Server controller (deleter, decider) 
       221  Information acquirer 
       222 ,  222 A List processor 
       230 ,  230 A Server communicator (second transmitter) 
       50  Electric motorcycle (electric power device) 
       510  Removable battery (power storage device) 
       510   u  Used battery 
       510   c  Charged battery 
       511  Power storage 
       512  Measurement sensor 
       513 ,  513 A BMU 
       514 ,  514 A Storage 
       515 ,  515 A Connector 
     NW Network 
     L Available battery list (storage identification information) 
     S Battery state list (state information, storage information) 
     B Rentable battery list (storage identification information, provision information)