Patent Publication Number: US-8990097-B2

Title: Discovering and ranking trending links about topics

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/844,588, entitled “DISCOVERING AND RANKING TRENDING LINKS ABOUT TOPICS,” filed on Mar. 15, 2013, which application claims the priority and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/678,057 under 35 U.S.C. 119(e), entitled “DISCOVERING AND RANKING TRENDING LINKS ABOUT TOPICS,” filed on Jul. 31, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/678,565 under 35 U.S.C. 119(e), entitled “DISCOVERING AND RANKING TRENDING LINKS ABOUT TOPICS,” filed on Aug. 1, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/723,280 under 35 U.S.C. 119(e), entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS AND REAL-TIME OR NEAR REAL-TIME TARGETING OF SOCIAL NETWORK ADVERTISEMENTS AND OTHER PROMOTIONAL CONTENT,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/403,937, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ANALYZING MESSAGES IN A NETWORK OR ACROSS NETWORKS,’ filed on Feb. 23, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/752,333, entitled “TRENDING OF AGGREGATED PERSONALIZED INFORMATION STREAMS AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GRAPHICAL DEPICTION THEREOF,’ filed on Jan. 28, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/752,343, entitled “TARGETED ADVERTISING BASED ON TRENDING OF AGGREGATED PERSONALIZED INFORMATION STREAMS,” also filed on Jan. 28, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/403,948, entitled “ADAPTIVE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR IDENTIFYING POPULAR TOPICS FROM MESSAGES,” filed on Feb. 23, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/771,069, entitled “NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING OPTIMIZED FOR MICRO CONTENT,’ filed on Feb. 19, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/403,962, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR RECOMMENDING ADVERTISEMENT PLACEMENT BASED ON IN NETWORK AND CROSS NETWORK ONLINE ACTIVITY ANALYSIS,” also filed on Feb. 23, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Through web-based or application media services like Twitter and Facebook, a user is exposed to a vast amount of messages from hundreds if not thousands of online sources and friends, culminating in massive amounts of information overload. Individuals and organizations are increasingly unable to filter signal from noise efficiently, or at all, in the growing number of information streams they must interact with on a daily basis. What is needed is a new set of technologies that help to make sense of information and trends in real-time streams of information. Key to this endeavor are new technologies that can measure activity within streams in real-time in order to detect the early signs of emerging trends, and to track them as they subsequently evolve. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       One or more embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated by way of example and are not limited by the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements. 
         FIGS. 1A-1H  depict example screenshots showing the trends generated from various streams by the StreamSense System. 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates an example architecture diagram of a social intelligence system for mediating and orchestrating communications with the client nodes and external services. 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates a screenshot showing an example stream data explorer interface. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a screenshot showing an example user interface for filtering messages. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example architecture of a natural language processing stack including multiple layers. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an example of a database of classes and relationships between the classes. 
         FIG. 6A  illustrates an example process for a type classification process. 
         FIG. 6B  illustrates a screenshot of an example message annotation tool interface. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a screenshot of an example visualization interface for results of a clustering process of a stream rank analyzer 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a screenshot of example lists of trending topics. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates an example quadrant plot for stream rank trends. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates example changes of the quadrant plot over a time period. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates an example of a UI that shows different trend activity events. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a screenshot of an example attention tracker as a browser extension that provides trend insights around links visited while indexing social network data in the background. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a screenshot of an example dashboard interface for dynamically loading, unloading or hot-swapping micro apps. 
         FIG. 15  depicts an example flow chart illustrating an example process for presenting trending objects based on trending scores. 
         FIG. 16  depicts an example flow chart illustrating an example process for generating co-occurrence score for trending objects. 
         FIG. 17  shows a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a computer system within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description and drawings are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting. Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, in certain instances, well-known or conventional details are not described in order to avoid obscuring the description. References to one or an embodiment in the present disclosure can be, but not necessarily are, references to the same embodiment; and, such references mean at least one of the embodiments. 
     Reference in this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the disclosure. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others. Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirements for some embodiments but not other embodiments. 
     The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinary meanings in the art, within the context of the disclosure, and in the specific context where each term is used. Certain terms that are used to describe the disclosure are discussed below, or elsewhere in the specification, to provide additional guidance to the practitioner regarding the description of the disclosure. For convenience, certain terms may be highlighted, for example using italics and/or quotation marks. The use of highlighting has no influence on the scope and meaning of a term; the scope and meaning of a term is the same, in the same context, whether or not it is highlighted. It will be appreciated that the same thing can be said in more than one way. 
     Consequently, alternative language and synonyms may be used for any one or more of the terms discussed herein, nor is any special significance to be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed herein. Synonyms for certain terms are provided. A recital of one or more synonyms does not exclude the use of other synonyms. The use of examples anywhere in this specification including examples of any terms discussed herein is illustrative only, and is not intended to further limit the scope and meaning of the disclosure or of any exemplified term. Likewise, the disclosure is not limited to various embodiments given in this specification. 
     Without intent to further limit the scope of the disclosure, examples of instruments, apparatus, methods and their related results according to the embodiments of the present disclosure are given below. Note that titles or subtitles may be used in the examples for convenience of a reader, which in no way should limit the scope of the disclosure. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. In the case of conflict, the present document, including definitions will control. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure include systems and methods for discovering and ranking trading links about topics and concepts. 
     A natural language process stack (also referred to as StreamSense, natural language processor, and natural language processing system) is presented. The StreamSense System allows machines to understand the information within the streams. The stream can be any collection of messages, or chain of data packets. For instance, the stream can be a stream of messages from social networks. The StreamSense System generates a set of metadata from the stream to give a machine an understanding of the content the stream. The functionality of the StreamSense System is to detect the trends in the stream. 
     StreamSense Calculation 
     After the metadata of the message stream are generated, the messages and the associated metadata are processed by a StreamSense calculation process. Each piece of the metadata is assigned with one or more scores. For example, the topic “Japan” could have occurred 34 times, so the mass score for that metadata item would be 34. In another example, the latest occurrence time for the topic was 10 minutes ago and the topic has a momentum of 6472 because it was mentioned relatively recently. A similar process can be conducted on any piece of metadata that has been extracted from the message stream. 
     For example, momentum can be calculated using a power law, and can boost the positions of the most recent messages exponentially in a ranking list of the messages by adjusting a boost factor. How much to boost and over which period depend on the number and throughput of messages in a stream. In one embodiment, a maximum boost multiplier is predetermined as 100 and a boost period is predetermined as 1 day. That means messages that are 1 minute old are boosted by one-hundred, and messages from 24 hours ago are boosted by one. After 24 hours, the boost will drop below 1 and starts to approach 0, thereby decreasing the message&#39;s momentum score. 
     The StreamSense System can calculate the momentum score (also referred to as velocity) in the following way:
 
ageMinutes=the age of the message in minutes(e.g. 5);
 
maxBoost=100(by default);
 
oneDay=one day in minutes=24*60=1440;
 
boostPeriod=Log(maxBoost)/Log(oneDay);
 
Velocity=maxBoost/ageMinutes^boostPeriod.
 
     For ranking links, the StreamSense System can calculate the importance score for each of the corresponding messages and take the highest score. Or the StreamSense System can combine the importance scores. The importance score includes can depend on the velocity, and further depend on the following scores in its calculation (each of the scores is normalized):
 
Mass=the number of reposts(number of different users posting the link);
 
Relevance=the relevance to the query,(the score is multiplied with 0.001 when not relevant, i.e. does not include or match the query words in the title or description);
 
Attention=attention score for the topic or person, depending on the user&#39;s interest profile;
 
Influence=the number of followers of the author of the message;
 
Link score=Velocity*Mass*Relevance*Attention*Influence.
 
     StreamSense Querying 
     The metadata generated by the StreamSense System can be utilized in many different ways. For instance, the trends can be discovered by ordering the metadata by momentum. Popularity can be determined by ordering the metadata by mass. 
     The scores calculated for ranking purposes can be normalized. For instance, the scores can be normalized to a 10 points or 100 points scale. 
     There are different types of trends that can be discovered from the streams using StreamSense, for instance, popular links, trending topics, popular links of a type, recent messages of a type, trending types, popular people on a topic, trending links about a topic, recent links about a stock symbol, and popular links around a sentiment. 
     Combinations of metadata and scores can be used to retrieve insights about a stream. Trends can be used to get insights on a context of the stream. For example, the StreamSense System can discover “trending topics” in the context of a stream of messages authored by a person. The message is about the latest interests of that person. In another example, the StreamSense System can be used for messages written by friends of a person. The result can include a filtered view of the important or interesting things happening inside the social network of that person. 
     Trends of the messages can reveal more information regarding the trending topics. In one example, trending links in the context of all messages authored on all social networks in the last day that contain the word “Japan” will give a comprehensive view on what&#39;s going on right now in Japan. In another example, trending people with negative sentiment in the context of a brand will give insights about which people are unhappy and becoming vocal about it. 
     In addition to a flat list of trends ordered by a certain score, the StreamSense System can conduct a co-occurrence analysis on the metadata. This co-occurrence analysis (i.e. a clustered retrieval method) scans one or more types of metadata and identifies the co-occurrence of the metadata in the messages. For example, if the topic “Japan” and the hash tag “#tokyo” are often mentioned in the same message, these two metadata (i.e. the topic “Japan” and the hash tag “#tokyo”) have a high co-occurrence. Thus, associated pieces of metadata (i.e. metadata having high co-occurrence) can be used together to discover and rank trends within the message. 
       FIGS. 1A-1H  depict example screenshots showing the trends generated from various streams by the StreamSense System. 
     Architecture Overview 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates an example architecture diagram of a social intelligence system  100  for mediating and orchestrating communications with the client nodes and external services. The social intelligence system  100  includes a plurality connected server nodes  110 . The server nodes  110  of the social intelligence system  100  store a social network information store  122  (including social graph and message store). Messages posted by users of the intelligence cluster  100  are stored in the server nodes  110 . The metadata of the messages travels between users and clients via the social intelligence system  100 . 
     The social intelligence system  100  can also have client applications  132  running on client nodes  130 . Messages from third-party networks  150  come in through sync connectors  140  which run on the server nodes  110  as well as client nodes  130 . Many services allow direct messaging pipelines from the client nodes  130  to the external services from the third-party networks  150 . 
     Storage on the server nodes does not take place until an action is done on these messages (e.g. like, annotate, repost). This avoids storing vast amounts of messages for each user which can become very costly when thousands of messages come in per user per day. 
     The client applications  132  can run multiple layers of stream analytics. In one embodiment, all layers of stream analytics run in the client nodes  130  to reduce the amount of CPU burdens on the server nodes  110 . In another embodiment, the social intelligence system can be made more decentralized by enabling client-to-client messaging between client nodes. In yet another embodiment, the client nodes  130  can be configured to run as a stand-alone agent in a cloud computer platform  160 . 
     Data Layer 
     All data coming in from external services are normalized based on a standard. In one embodiment, the data are normalized based on Activity Streams Open Standard (“ASOS”). The normalization process makes sure that all messages are stored in a structured way and that there is a common vocabulary to communicate regarding to the social objects. For example, a “User Timeline on Twitter” is normalized to “A Person&#39;s Activities”. 
     External services can be queried by using a query language. In one embodiment, the external services are queried by using Activity Stream Query Language (ASQL). Using ASQL, data can be pushed and pulled between services. To support a new external service, the social intelligence system can implement a common Activity Stream interface for that service using ASQL. 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates a screenshot showing an example stream data explorer interface  200 . The social intelligence provides the stream data explorer interface  200  via the client nodes  130  or the server nodes  110  to developers to push or pull any data streams between services. 
     After normalization of the message data, all messages are enriched with metadata (details of the metadata will be discussed in the following section). The social intelligence system then filters these messages by matching the metadata of the messages against specific rules. In one embodiment, the social intelligence system can use a specialized rule language for this which allows complex conditional statements in filters. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a screenshot showing an example user interface  300  for filtering messages. The social intelligence provides user interface  300  to users or developers to specify rules for filtering messages. The actual rule language can be chosen by the users, which allows more advanced conditionals to be specified. 
     Natural Language Processing (“NLP”) and Annotation Capabilities 
     The social intelligence system utilizes a natural language processing stack optimized for microcontents. A microcontent is a small group of words that can be skimmed by a person to get a clear idea of the content of a content container such as a web page. Examples of microcontent include article headlines, page titles, subject lines, e-mail headings, instant messages, blog posts, RSS feeds, and abstracts. Such microcontent may be taken out of context and displayed on a directory, search result page, bookmark list, etc. Microcontents (e.g. Twitter messages, Facebook messages, and short message service (SMS) messages) are often written in a casual way. Such microcontents contain micro-syntax like repost directives and hashtags. 
     Parsing messages for the real-time web requires dealing with vast numbers of microcontents (e.g. small messages). That requires an efficient handling of the microcontents. In one embodiment, the natural language processing stack can be implemented in JavaScript. The natural language processing stack can run in any modern JavaScript environment (e.g. Webkit, NodeJS, Internet Explorer, etc.). 
     In one embodiment, the natural language processing stack extracts different types of metadata from the messages including topics, types, categories, languages, and others. The topics metadata include keywords that are most relevant to the messages. In some embodiments, the natural language processing stack assigns confidence scores to each of these keywords. The types metadata includes status of the messages, mood of the messages, whether the message is an offer, whether the message is a service, whether the message is a news. The categories metadata can include business, technology, entertainment, etc. The languages metadata indicates the language that the message&#39;s content is written in. Other metadata include uniform resource locators (“URLs”), mentions, hashtags, repost content, emoticons, content identification keys, etc. 
     The natural language process stack (also referred to as StreamSense, natural language processor, and natural language processing system). The StreamSense System allows machines to understand the information within the streams. A stream herein refers to any stream of information. The stream can be any collection of messages, or chain of data packets. For instance, the stream can be a stream of messages from social networks. The StreamSense System has multiple applications, including interest profiling, targeted advertising to real-time search indexing. The context of the stream is an important factor in the outcome and use of the StreamSense System. For example, when using the StreamSense System on streams in the context of a person, (e.g. messages authored by a person), the result of the StreamSense System processing will help a better understanding of that person. 
     The StreamSense System generates a set of metadata from the stream to give a machine an understanding of the content the stream. The functionality of the StreamSense System is to detect the trends in the stream. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an example architecture of a natural language processing stack  400  including multiple layers. The natural language processing stack  400  processes a message by running the message through the layers. The first layer is a tokenizer layer  410  that can handle micro-syntax and punctuation (E.g. RT, /via, /cc, etc.). The tokenizer breaks a stream of text up to words phrases, symbols, or other meaningful elements called tokens. The list of tokens becomes input for further processing such as parsing or text mining. The second layer is a language detector layer  420 . The language detector  420  can include a dictionary-based language detector that will detect if a message is in English or other languages. The language detector  420  can also include an NGram detector that can identify any language. 
     Then the messages go through a part of speech (“PoS”) tagger layer  430 . A part-of-speech tagging, also called grammatical tagging or word-category disambiguation, is the process of marking up a word in a text as corresponding to a particular part of speech, based on both its definition, as well as its context—i.e. relationship with adjacent and related words in a phrase, sentence, or paragraph. For instance, a form of PoS tagging is the identification of words as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. In one embodiment, the PoS tagger layer  430  can use error-driven transformation-based tagger such as Brill tagger that is streamlined towards picking out nouns and proper nouns. 
     The fourth layer is a topic extractor layer  440 . The topic extractor is unique in that it can do entity recognition without needing existing databases. For instance, topics like the name of Lady Gaga&#39;s latest album can be identified without having a prior dictionary of known entities. The topic extractor  440  extract topics from the messages and assigns confidence scores to the extracted topics based on capitalization and other factors. This approach is different than conventional entity extraction in which the extraction relies on dictionary lookups. For example, the latest album by Lady Gaga that was just released would not show up in such a dictionary and therefore will not be extracted by the conventional entity extraction approach as a topic. The topic extractor  440  can get such valuable information that cannot be identified by a dictionary. 
     The fifth layer is a type classification layer  450 . In order to classify types and identify categories of messages, the natural language processing stack utilizes a database (also referred to as ontology) of classes together with a database of annotation rules. These annotation rules are composed of lists of names and patterns that help to assign the proper type tree to a message. For instance, more than a hundred message classes can be defined in the database with rules to detect these automatically.  FIG. 5  illustrates an example of a database of classes and relationships between the classes. The social intelligence system can include an internal administration tool to edit the information related to class database and the annotation rules. In one embodiment, the layers can be applied to microcontents as steps of a method for microcontent natural language processing. Once a microcontent is received from a social networking site, the method can first tokenize the microcontent into a plurality of token texts. The language of the microcontent is detected and a dictionary is selected based on the detected language. The method further applies a part-of-speech tagging process on the microcontent based on the dictionary. The results are detected related pronouns and nouns form the microcontent. One or more topics are extracted from the detected related pronouns and nouns. The method can further include steps of ranking streams containing the microcontents. 
       FIG. 6A  illustrates an example process for a type classification process. The administrator  610  specifies the content of the database  620  (i.e. ontology) of the classes and the database  630  of annotation rules. The information in the database  620  of classes and the database  630  of annotation rules is complied into a matching index  640  of the type classification layer  650 . The matching index  640  is a set of expressions that ensures a highly efficient matching. The matching index  640  can be sent to web browsers or anywhere the type classification layer  650  is running. 
     In addition to the type classification process, the natural language processing stack can further perform sentiment analysis to classify the sentiment of each message. Sentiment can be positive, negative or neutral. The sentiment analysis can run fully on the client nodes (as well as server nodes) allowing for high scalability. In one embodiment, to make this possible and light weight, the natural language processing stack includes a sentiment classifier implemented as a Naive Bayesian classifier, which is trained offline on an annotated set of positive, negative and neutral messages. Then the resulting probabilistic model is send to the client node for the sentiment classification. 
       FIG. 6B  illustrates a screenshot of an example message annotation tool interface. The interface provides types and topics for a specific message identified by a type classification layer of a natural language processing stack. Using the interface, the user is able to delete any types or topics that the user thinks incompatible with the message. The interface further provides a sentiment (positive, neutral or negative) determined by the sentiment classifier. Using the interface, the user is able to manually change the sentiment annotation for the message. 
     Stream Rank 
     After messages are enriched with the metadata, the messages and their metadata are put through a stream rank analyzer. The stream rank analyzer takes the messages for a given context and produce new intelligence in the form of metadata for a stream of the context. For example, when the topic Japan gets mentioned very often, this is obviously something significant. The stream rank analyzer takes the messages for the topic Japan and produce new intelligence in the form of metadata for a stream regarding Japan. 
     The stream rank analyzer can include two components. One is a clustering component for analyzing co-occurrences of metadata in a stream, and producing a graph data structure that can be used to recognize clusters of related data. Another is a profiling component for producing a flat list of most occurring and most trending (highest velocity or momentum) metadata.  FIG. 8  illustrates a screenshot of an example visualization interface  800  for results of a clustering process of a stream rank analyzer. 
     The stream rank analyzer can look at any attribute of a message and rank the message. Examples of the attributes are: topics, types, mentioned people, authors, hashtags, links, media, keywords, author information, source information, etc. Each of these metadata attribute is counted and weighted in the clustering and profiling components. This results in a new data set of the most trending and relevant metadata items for a stream. In both clustering and profiling components, the time factor is used to look at which metadata items are gaining trend (i.e. velocity). 
     The results of stream rank analyzer can be used to provide all sorts of new intelligence for streams, including but not limited to: profiling interests, search personalization, targeted advertising, alerts of trending global events, etc. 
     Cloud and Trend Database 
     In one embodiment, the stream rank analyzer can run in a cloud computing platform in which the metadata of each message is converted into trend a trend database record. These trend database records have fields that store counts for specific conditions in which the message occurred in a given timeframe. For example, the message “I hate Christmas”, can result in the following metadata: Topic=Christmas, Sentiment=Negative. Hence, for the trend database record with topic name “Christmas” the stream rank analyzer increases the ‘sentiment negative counter’ with 1. As time progresses and more messages flow through the stream rank analyzer, the trend database reflects a state of all the trends that are happening in a stream. Queries regarding the topics can be performed on this trend database. For instance, a list of topics that had the most negative can be generated by count of negative sentiment.  FIG. 9  illustrates a screenshot of example lists of trending topics. For instance, the lists includes a list of top mentioned people by count of mentions, a list of top contributors by count of mentions, a list of top mentioned people by impressions, a list of top contributors by followers, a list of top positive contributors and a list of top negative contributors. 
     Trend database records are created for any piece of metadata regarding a message, including topics, types, hashtags, mentioned people, author, links, geographic segments, ethnicity, gender, etc. 
     For instance, the stream rank analyzer can use the following attributes as counters for the trend database record:
         Volume (i.e. total number of messages that were found, which always increases)   Impressions (cumulative follower count of all authors)   Cumulative Klout Score   Gender Male, Gender Female   Ethnicity Black, Ethnicity White, Ethnicity Asian, etc.   Geo Segment Asia, Geo Segment Europe, Geo Segment Africa, etc.   Sentiment Negative, Sentiment Positive, Sentiment Neutral, Sentiment −20, Sentiment −19, Sentiment −18, Sentiment −17, etc. (e.g. A full heat map of different grades of sentiment).   Type Humor, Type Commercial, Type News, Type Mood, Type Question, Type Opinion, Type Event, Type Visual, etc. (For each type classification, the stream rank analyzer counts the number of messages that occurred. In this way, it is possible to find for example the ‘Most Commercial Topics’).   Network Twitter, Network Facebook, Network Z, etc.       

     For each of these counters except for volume, the rank stream analyzer can also use relative counters. These relative counters are percentages of the volume. So for instance, if the “Gender Male” count is 2, and the total volume is 4, the “Gender Male Percentage” counter would be “50%”. 
     Also, the rank stream analyzer can use acceleration counters associated with the relative counters. This is basically a counter that compares the database of the current timeframe with the timeframe before. For instance, if there were 1000 impressions in the timeframe before, and 3000 impressions in the current timeframe, the “impressions acceleration counter” would be “+2000”. 
     Thirdly, the rank stream analyzer can store specific ratio counters for some of the fields. These ratio counters allow the easy retrieval of specific ratio trends. For instance, a “Gender Female Ratio” helps the retrieval of “Most Masculine Topics”, “Most Feminine Geo Regions”, “Most Feminine Links”, etc. Some example ratio counters are Gender (Male VS Female), Ethnicity (Black VS White, Black VS Asian, etc.), Engagement (Volume VS Impressions), and Network (Twitter VS Facebook, etc.). 
     Audience Segments 
     In one embodiment, the stream rank analyzer can be used to detect trends in any stream of messages. One of such streams includes messages from an audience segment; i.e. messages by a group of people that match a certain criteria. For example, “Female Soccer Fans” or “Republican Beer Drinkers”. By using the stream rank analyzer can find trends from these segments and new insights to answer specific marketing research and business intelligence questions. 
     For any given topic (e.g. a brand called “Heineken”), the stream rank analyzer can compare the ranks of streams between different audience segments. In that way, the stream rank analyzer can show how the topic is trending and performing across different segments. This includes the ability to drill down into specific attributes of the trends, for example, how is the brand performing across different ethnicities in each segment, or how is sentiment across segments, or how opinionated is the brand in different segments. 
     Another example of an audience segment is “Everyone”. When the stream rank analyzer is sued for the stream of all global mentions and messages, the stream rank analyzer can show what topics people around the world are focusing. 
     Quadrant Visualization of Stream Rank Trends 
     The stream rank analyzer can further include a quadrant visualizer for plotting the current “Trend State” on a scatter plot which is divided into 4 quadrants, based on the recorded stream rank trends.  FIG. 10  illustrates an example quadrant plot for stream rank trends. The X axis can represent any of the trend attributes, e.g. volume, impressions, male count, etc. In the example shown in  FIG. 10 , the X axis represents “Impressions.” The Y axis can represent the acceleration of the trend attribute (i.e. How much did it gain compared to the previous timeframe). The result is a scatter plot as showed in  FIG. 10 . The volumes of the scatters represent the size of the trend (i.e. Z axis). In some embodiments, the Z axis can represent other attributes as mentioned in previous paragraphs. 
     Each quadrant of the scatter plot has a different meaning. The Waves quadrant indicates small trends that are spiking right now, but have a low momentum. The Bubbles quadrant indicates no trend yet (low acceleration, and low momentum). The Currents quadrant indicates sustained trends that have a low acceleration. The Tsunamis quadrant indicates trends that have high momentum, high acceleration. 
     For each timeframe a plot of this kind can be visualized. These plots can be animated over time to reflect how the trend is changing across different quadrants over a time period, as illustrated in  FIG. 11 . The movement of these scatters (i.e. trends) allows users to see how attention is changing in the stream. For example, when a trend starts moving to the right-side of the “Waves” quadrant, this could be an indicator of a Tsunami-sized trend about to happen. 
     Stream Rank Derived Trend Activity Events 
     The stream rank analyzer can further generate a trend activity record for each attribute that changed inside a stream rank trend. For example, if the volume of topic X dropped 25% in a given timeframe, the stream rank analyzer can generate a trend activity of a severity of “topic X, volume −25%”. Any attribute mentioned in the previous sections can be used to generate a trend activity record. For each of these trend activity events, the stream rank analyzer can assign an impact score based on the severity in event. For instance, an event of volume change of 40% has a higher impact score than an event of volume change of 4%. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates an example of a UI that shows different trend activity events. The UI shows trend activity events regarding a topic “Nike.” Each trend activity event is associated with an impact score. For instance, the event of “434K people (60%) started paying attention to Lance Armstrong in one hour” has an impact score of 78. The information about the trend activity events can be used to show both a high-level and a low-level detail of how attention moves around regarding any given topic. 
     Decentralized Attention Indexing 
     In order to analyze messages on a global level, the stream rank analyzer includes a strategy for building an index of real-time social networking data. Conventional scraping and spidering approaches employed by search engines such as Google rely on software programs that find, crawl and download web pages using a large server infrastructure. This approach does not work for the real-time data needs of social networks. By the time the crawl would be finished, all data can be outdated. 
     The stream rank analyzer provides a solution by including application programs for indexing messages part of the browser. The stream rank analyzer includes a browser extension or other form of software called an attention tracker that can be installed within the browser. 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a screenshot of an example attention tracker as a browser extension that provides trend insights around links visited while indexing social network data in the background. The attention tracker then contacts the attention index server of the stream rank analyzer, i.e. a central server that manages these trackers, to receive indexing commands. The attention index has a long list of common keywords and trending topics that can be used to search real-time data on social networks. Each attention tracker will receive indexing commands that include a specific set of keywords for a topic in the indexing network. The attention tracker then goes and search for those keywords on social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, Tumblr, etc., and submits the results back to the central attention index server. The tracker performs the search task on a continuous basis and the frequency of search can be controlled by the indexing commands that get renewed periodically. The central attention index server filters through the IDs of the received messages and disregards any duplicate messages. 
     The keywords inside the indexing commands can include global popular topics, but can also include common words or expressions on social networks like “A”, “http”, “the”. Some of these common keywords represent a large part of the activity on social networks. For example 60% of all messages on Twitter include the word “http”. By continuously searching for this on the Twitter website with a random date-range interval, it is possible to siphon a large portion of the global stream with a relatively few number of attention trackers. Also, this mechanism bypasses API access controls and can not be blocked in the way that conventional indexing bots are blocked. 
     Another benefit is that implicit attention data can be added to the attention index. Examples of the implicit attention data include browsing behavior (e.g. which links were visited, and which pieces of metadata did those links have) or user behavior inside social networks (e.g. how long did a person look at a message, which messages were not seen, etc.). All of these implicit attention data can be used in building a map of the user population&#39;s attention in a high detail. 
     Real-Time Applications 
     In one embodiment, the social intelligence system includes an application layer for developing, running and managing real-time applications. Developers can code apps in HTML5 and JavaScript for this layer. Developers do not need to worry about integrating with hundreds of APIs. The rich metadata and structure around messages give developers the power to build highly domain specific tools and new interactive experiences around the stream. 
     The application layer a framework that allows plugins (also referred to as micro apps) to be developed at light speed using a technique called real-time coding. A developer can use tools provided by the social intelligence system to change the current running instance of the social intelligence system. The framework can rapidly hot-swap the changed pieces of running code.  FIG. 14  illustrates a screenshot of an example dashboard interface for dynamically loading, unloading or hot-swapping micro apps. This means that right after a piece of code has been changed, the changes are visible in actual running instance of the social intelligence system. This radically changes the speed of development and the quality of code because it becomes easier to think many steps ahead. 
     The applications and servers of the social intelligence system can be implemented using various techniques, as readily understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art. For instance, in one embodiment, the applications running on the client nodes along with browser, browser-side routing frameworks are used to ensure UI flow is neatly structured and that user interaction is speedy. HTML5 and modern JavaScript APIs are used to allow access to storage, audio, rendering capabilities and web workers. For mobile applications the HTML and/or JavaScript programs are wrapped in a wrapper that allows communication with the mobile operating system. 
     In one embodiment, the server nodes of the social intelligence system uses a minimalist web framework (called Express) that runs on top of a server side software system for writing scalable internet applications such as NodeJS. The server nodes utilize the framework in combination with a JavaScript library such as SockJS to provide a real-time communication pipeline to the client-side applications of the social intelligence system. 
     In one embodiment, all software on the server nodes is written in JavaScript which runs in a NodeJS environment. Every message that gets posted through the client-side application of the social intelligence system will be stored with metadata on a central server implemented as a scalable, high-performance, database, such as MongoDB. The server nodes can be operated by a standard Ubuntu Linux distribution. 
     Since the heavy use of client-side capacity, the social intelligence system&#39;s hardware needs are relatively low. In one embodiment, social intelligence system includes multiple database servers and multiple application servers running NodeJS. Each of these servers can have a standard multi-core CPU, high memory and solid-state drive configuration. In one embodiment, third-party content delivery platform, e.g. Amazon&#39;s CloudFront CDN, can be used to rapidly serve all code, media assets and static data to client-side applications of the social intelligence system. 
       FIG. 15  depicts an example flow chart illustrating an example process  1500  for presenting trending objects based on trending scores. In process  1510 , the StreamSense System receives a plurality of messages from a social networking server. The plurality of messages can contain repost directives and hashtags. 
     In process  1520 , the StreamSense System identifies a plurality of trending objects from the plurality of messages using a speech tagging process. The trending objects can include topics, types, hashtags, people, messages, or links 
     In process  1530 , the StreamSense System generates at least one trending score for each trending object of the trending objects. The trending score can depend on a mass factor, a recency factor, and a momentum factor, the mass factor indicates a number of times that the trending object occurred in the plurality of messages, the recency factor indicates how recent the trending object appeared in the plurality of messages, and the momentum factor indicates how fast the trending object gained trends in the plurality of messages. In one embodiment, the trending score can depend on a number of times that the trending object appears in the plurality of messages. In another embodiment, the trending score depends on a time period since a latest message of the plurality of messages mentioned the trending object. In yet another embodiment, the trending score depends on a number of followers of a user who mentioned the trending object in a message of the plurality of messages. In still another embodiment, the trending score depends on an interest profile of a user who mentioned the trending object in a message of the plurality of messages. In yet still another embodiment, the trending score depends on whether the plurality of messages includes the trending object or information related to the trending object. The trending score can also depends on a predetermined boost factor, wherein the predetermined boost factor controls a momentum of the trending object. 
     In process  1540 , the StreamSense System presents the trending objects as scatters in a quadrant scatter plot, wherein a volume of each scatter indicates a trending score of a trending object represented by the scatter. 
     A trending score of an object does not necessarily have to be relative to a particular person. The trending scores can be universal to the users. For instance, a trending score for object X, can be calculated with respect to a person Y, wherein the trending score is based on a number of followers of person Y who mentioned the object. However, there can also be another different trending score K for object X with respect to everyone (or without respect to anyone in particular). That trending score K can be calculated using the total number of people who mentioned the object X, not just a number of followers of some specific person. 
     The technology of trending scores can be used to rank movies, TV shows, ads, online videos, celebrities, news articles, brands, products, photos, or anything that can be named with a label or phrase, or represented with a link or URI. Trending scores can be calculated for any object, such that it is ranked relative to all other objects in a particular category of rankings, or across categories of rankings. The trending scores rank the quantity and quality of attention to any kinds of things. For example the trend score for a TV Show would represent the quantity and quality of attention to that TV show in real-time, at the present moment as well as historically. Trending scores can be determined for any topic or resource that is discussed, shared, searched for or distributed on the Internet, social networks, or within organizations or applications. The quantity of attention to an object can be derived from the total amount of mentions of the object, and the quality of attention to an object can be derived by measuring the quality of the audience (e.g. how influential are people who share the object or mention it, by Klout score or their follower counts; or how wealthy or educated are they, or how much intent do they have to buy a certain thing, or how loyal or active or engaged they are with a topic or service, etc.). 
       FIG. 16  depicts an example flow chart illustrating an example process  1600  for generating co-occurrence score for trending objects. In process  1610 , the StreamSense System receives a plurality of messages from a social networking server. In process  1620 , the StreamSense System identifies at least two trending objects from the plurality of messages. 
     In process  1630 , the StreamSense System generates a co-occurrence score for the two trending objects, wherein the co-occurrence score depends on a number of messages of the plurality of messages that mention both of the two trending objects. 
     In process  1640 , the StreamSense System associates the two trending objects based on the co-occurrence score. In process  1650 , the StreamSense System treats the two associated trending objects as a single trending object for predicting trends based on the plurality of messages. 
       FIG. 17  shows a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a computer system within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed. 
     In alternative embodiments, the machine operates as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine may operate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in a client-server network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. 
     The machine may be a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a user device, a tablet PC, a laptop computer, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, an iPhone, an iPad, a Blackberry, a processor, a telephone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, a console, a hand-held console, a (hand-held) gaming device, a music player, any portable, mobile, hand-held device, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. 
     While the machine-readable medium or machine-readable storage medium is shown in an exemplary embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” and “machine-readable storage medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” and “machine-readable storage medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the presently disclosed technique and innovation. 
     In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of the disclosure, may be implemented as part of an operating system or a specific application, component, program, object, module or sequence of instructions referred to as “computer programs.” The computer programs typically comprise one or more instructions set at various times in various memory and storage devices in a computer, and that, when read and executed by one or more processing units or processors in a computer, cause the computer to perform operations to execute elements involving the various aspects of the disclosure. 
     Moreover, while embodiments have been described in the context of fully functioning computers and computer systems, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various embodiments are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that the disclosure applies equally regardless of the particular type of machine or computer-readable media used to actually effect the distribution. 
     Further examples of machine-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or computer-readable (storage) media include, but are not limited to, recordable type media such as volatile and non-volatile memory devices, floppy and other removable disks, hard disk drives, optical disks (e.g., Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD ROMS), Digital Versatile Disks, (DVDs), etc.), among others, and transmission type media such as digital and analog communication links. 
     The network interface device enables the machine  1100  to mediate data in a network with an entity that is external to the host server, through any known and/or convenient communications protocol supported by the host and the external entity. The network interface device can include one or more of a network adaptor card, a wireless network interface card, a router, an access point, a wireless router, a switch, a multilayer switch, a protocol converter, a gateway, a bridge, bridge router, a hub, a digital media receiver, and/or a repeater. 
     The network interface device can include a firewall which can, in some embodiments, govern and/or manage permission to access/proxy data in a computer network, and track varying levels of trust between different machines and/or applications. The firewall can be any number of modules having any combination of hardware and/or software components able to enforce a predetermined set of access rights between a particular set of machines and applications, machines and machines, and/or applications and applications, for example, to regulate the flow of traffic and resource sharing between these varying entities. The firewall may additionally manage and/or have access to an access control list which details permissions including for example, the access and operation rights of an object by an individual, a machine, and/or an application, and the circumstances under which the permission rights stand. 
     Other network security functions can be performed or included in the functions of the firewall, can be, for example, but are not limited to, intrusion-prevention, intrusion detection, next-generation firewall, personal firewall, etc. without deviating from the novel art of this disclosure. 
     Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” As used herein, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variant thereof, means any connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements; the coupling of connection between the elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, words in the above Detailed Description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word “or,” in reference to a list of two or more items, covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list. 
     The above detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the teachings to the precise form disclosed above. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the disclosure are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the disclosure, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, while processes or blocks are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps, or employ systems having blocks, in a different order, and some processes or blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified to provide alternative or subcombinations. Each of these processes or blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. Also, while processes or blocks are at times shown as being performed in series, these processes or blocks may instead be performed in parallel, or may be performed at different times. Further, any specific numbers noted herein are only examples: alternative implementations may employ differing values or ranges. 
     The teachings of the disclosure provided herein can be applied to other systems, not necessarily the system described above. The elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. 
     Any patents and applications and other references noted above, including any that may be listed in accompanying filing papers, are incorporated herein by reference. Aspects of the disclosure can be modified, if necessary, to employ the systems, functions, and concepts of the various references described above to provide yet further embodiments of the disclosure. 
     These and other changes can be made to the disclosure in light of the above Detailed Description. While the above description describes certain embodiments of the disclosure, and describes the best mode contemplated, no matter how detailed the above appears in text, the teachings can be practiced in many ways. Details of the system may vary considerably in its implementation details, while still being encompassed by the subject matter disclosed herein. As noted above, particular terminology used when describing certain features or aspects of the disclosure should not be taken to imply that the terminology is being redefined herein to be restricted to any specific characteristics, features, or aspects of the disclosure with which that terminology is associated. In general, the terms used in the following claims should not be construed to limit the disclosure to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, unless the above Detailed Description section explicitly defines such terms. Accordingly, the actual scope of the disclosure encompasses not only the disclosed embodiments, but also all equivalent ways of practicing or implementing the disclosure under the claims. 
     While certain aspects of the disclosure are presented below in certain claim forms, the inventors contemplate the various aspects of the disclosure in any number of claim forms. For example, while only one aspect of the disclosure is recited as a means-plus-function claim under 35 U.S.C. §112, ¶6, other aspects may likewise be embodied as a means-plus-function claim, or in other forms, such as being embodied in a computer-readable medium. (Any claims intended to be treated under 35 U.S.C. §112, ¶6 will begin with the words “means for”.) Accordingly, the applicant reserves the right to add additional claims after filing the application to pursue such additional claim forms for other aspects of the disclosure.