Patent Publication Number: US-2023134809-A1

Title: A device for supporting a lower limb

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to device for supporting a lower limb and in particular, to a device which can support a lower limb of a patient in an extended position of the lower limb, at a position elevated from the ground when the patient is seated. 
     The invention has been developed primarily for use while a patient is recuperating from an injury to a lower leg such as a fracture or surgery or other trauma and will be described hereinafter with reference to this application. However, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to this particular field of use. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Typically, when a patient is recovering from surgery or other trauma such as a fracture in a lower leg, they are advised by a physician to elevate the injured lower leg to promote venous blood flow. Return of blood from lower extremities is inhibited by swelling of the lower limb. This is caused by interruptions to the vasculature by the trauma and the immune response to this trauma. There is typically a higher osmotic pressure in the tissues surrounding the veins than in the veins themselves which causes fluid to be drawn into the surrounding tissues. 
     The lower limb needs to be elevated relative to the heart of the patient to harness the force of gravity to assist venous return. When the patient is confined to bed, various supports can be used to elevate the lower limb. For example, the lower limb may be tired to a frame using one or more ties. 
     When a patient no longer requires bed rest, they are usually prescribed to wear a protective orthotic boot to protect the injured lower leg. The orthotic boot cushions the lower leg while providing mechanical stability to the lower limb. 
     Typically, after the patient is discharged from the hospital, they are still required to wear the orthotic boot for an extended period of time and also, to elevate their lower leg during the day, while recuperating. 
     The patient may use a stool or other type of furniture to rest their foot on while sitting. However, the stool must be the correct height to effectively elevate the limb and also, be comfortable to the user. 
     When the patient is not at home and a stool or other furniture at the right height is not available, the patient does not have a convenient option to elevate their limb. 
     If it is not convenient to elevate their lower limb while at home or outdoors, then the patient may not be motivated to stick to the prescribed therapy of elevating their lower limb. This may cause the patient to develop a significant amount of oedema in their lower limb and as a result, may take longer to recuperate and/or result in other medical problems. 
     The present invention seeks to provide a solution which will overcome or substantially ameliorate at least some of the deficiencies of the prior art, or to at least provide an alternative. 
     It is to be understood that, if any prior art information is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the information forms part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a device for supporting a lower limb, comprising: 
     a housing for a lower limb, the housing having a longitudinal axis; 
     a limb support; 
     a pivoting mechanism connected between the housing and the limb support for, in use, pivotably moving the limb support from a retracted position substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing to an extended position in which the limb support extends substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the housing to support the lower limb. 
     The pivoting mechanism may comprise a pivot about which the first end of the limb support may pivot to move between the retracted position and the extended position. 
     The pivoting mechanism may be a linear actuator. The linear actuator may be battery-operated. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a device for supporting a lower limb, comprising: 
     a housing for a lower limb, the housing having a longitudinal axis aligned with a longitudinal axis of the lower limb, in use; 
     a limb support; 
     a driving mechanism connected between the housing and the limb support, the driving mechanism comprising a first part attached to the housing and a second part connected to the limb support; 
     wherein, in use, movement of the first part of the driving mechanism in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing drives movement of the limb support between a retracted position parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing and an extended position in which the limb support extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the housing to support the lower limb. 
     The housing may include a leg portion to house a leg of a subject. 
     The housing may include a foot portion to house a foot of a subject. 
     The foot portion may have a first side and an opposed second side. 
     The foot portion may have a convex bottom surface. The convex bottom surface may comprise gripping material. 
     The foot portion may include a stabilizing portion extending from the bottom surface. The stabilizing portion may be configured to keep the device upright when the user is not wearing the device. 
     The stabilizing portion may be wedge shaped. The stabilizing portion may be configured to be compressible underfoot when the user is wearing the device. 
     The foot portion may include shock absorbent material. The shock absorbent material may be a relatively dense sponge. 
     The housing may include at least two rigid arms, each arm attached to each side of the foot portion to support the limb, in use. 
     The housing may include adjustable straps to secure a lower leg of the subject within the housing. 
     The housing may include a supporting cover that covers a substantial part of the back of the lower leg of the subject, in use. 
     The supporting cover may be attached to each of the at least two rigid arms. 
     The supporting cover may be adjustable to accommodate for different sizes of lower limb of a subject. 
     The limb support may comprise an elongated brace, the elongated brace may extend from a first end to a second end. 
     The limb support may comprise a base pivotally connected to the elongated brace. 
     The limb support may include an elongated brace and a base. The base may be pivotably connected to the elongated brace. 
     The limb support may further comprise a base lock to lock the base in a position substantially perpendicular to the elongate brace when the limb support is in the extended position. 
     The device may further include a fastener connected between the limb support and the housing to fasten the limb support to the housing when the limb support is in the retracted position. The fastener may be a release buckle. 
     The base may include two feet. Each of the two feet may have a convex lower surface. The convex lower surface may comprise a gripping material. First ends of each of the two feet may be angled towards each other. Second, opposing end of each of the two feet may be angled away from each other. 
     The driving mechanism may include a pivoting arrangement. The driving mechanism may be a mechanical linkage. The driving mechanism may have a first part and a second part. 
     The driving mechanism may comprise a handle for a user to grip and move the first part of the driving mechanism in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing. 
     The handle may be faceted or curved. 
     The handle may be located adjacent the top of the first part of the driving mechanism. 
     The handle may be detachably attached to the first part of the driving mechanism via a fastener. The fastener may be an over centre fastener. 
     The first part of the driving mechanism may comprise a first elongate member. The first elongate member may extend from a first end to a second end. 
     The second part of the driving mechanism may comprise a second elongate member extending from a first end to a second end. The second end of the first elongate member may be pivotably connected to the first end of the second, substantially elongate member. 
     The second elongate member may be fixedly connected to the housing. The housing may include a restraining plate attached to the side of the foot via which the second substantially elongate member may be fixedly connected to the housing at an attachment point adjacent the first end of the second elongate member. 
     The elongated brace may comprise a guide extending along at least part of a length of the elongated brace. The guide may include a cavity. The guide may include a longitudinal slot contiguous with the cavity. 
     The second part of the driving mechanism may include a roller attached to the second end of the second elongate member. The roller may be located within the cavity of the elongated brace and moveable along the guide of the elongated brace. The roller may be a polyurethane roller. 
     The device may further comprise a driving mechanism lock to prevent movement of the first part of the driving mechanism in the longitudinal direction of the leg portion of the housing when the limb support is in the extended position or in the retracted position. 
     The driving mechanism lock may comprise a box longitudinally extending along an inner surface of the first elongated member. The box may have a longitudinally extending internal cavity. The box may have a slot contiguous with the internal cavity. 
     A roller may be attached to an arm of the housing adjacent the box. The roller may be located inside the cavity. Movement of the first elongated member parallel to the arm, moves the roller within the cavity along the slot. The roller may be a polyurethane roller. 
     The driving mechanism lock may include a window located through one side of the box. The driving mechanism lock may also include a stopper that can be moved into the window. Moving the stopper into the window when the roller is located between the window and the second end of the cavity may prevent movement of the roller within the cavity. 
     When the driving mechanism lock is disengaged, when the handle is pulled by a user in the longitudinal direction of the leg portion of the housing, pivotable movement of the first part relative to the second part may be caused. This movement, in turn, may cause movement of the second end of the second elongate member along the guide. 
     The arms of the housing, limb support and driving mechanism may substantially comprise a lightweight metal. The lightweight material may be aluminium. 
     Other aspects of the invention are also disclosed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a device for supporting a lower limb in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, when the limb support is in the retracted position, in situ; and 
         FIG.  2    is a side view of the device for supporting a lower limb in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG.  1   ; and 
         FIG.  3    illustrates the device for supporting a lower limb in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG.  1   , when the limb support is in the extended position, in situ; and 
         FIG.  4    is a side view of the device for supporting a lower limb in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG.  1    when the limb support is in the extended position. 
         FIG.  5    is a back view of the device for supporting a lower limb in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG.  1   ; and 
         FIG.  6    is a view of the underside of the housing of the device for supporting a lower limb in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG.  1   ; and 
         FIG.  7    is a perspective view of the device for supporting a lower limb in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG.  1   ; and 
         FIG.  8    is a partial view of base lock for supporting a lower limb in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG.  1   ; and 
         FIG.  9    is another partial view of the base lock for supporting a lower limb in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG.  1   ; and 
         FIG.  10    is view of the top end of the device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG.  1   ; and 
         FIG.  11    is view of the driving mechanism lock in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG.  1   . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     It should be noted in the following description that like or the same reference numerals in different embodiments denote the same or similar features. 
     A device for supporting a lower limb according to a first aspect of the invention is generally indicated by the numeral  1000 . When a user of the device is seated on a bench or a chair, for example, and is wearing the device  1000  (as shown in  FIG.  1   ), the device  1000  can be used to elevate the lower leg above the ground and also, to support the lower limb at a position above the ground when the knee is extended. 
     The device  1000  comprises a housing  100  for the lower limb. The housing  100  is substantially L-shaped and comprises a vertical leg portion  110  and a horizontal foot portion  120  which together also define an L-shaped cavity  130  configured to house the limb. The leg portion  110  has a longitudinal axis A which is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lower leg within the housing  100  when the device  1000  is worn by the user. 
     The device  1000  comprises a limb support  200  which is moveable between a retracted position (shown in  FIG.  2   ) in which it is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the leg portion of the housing  100 , to an extended position (shown in  FIG.  3   ) in which the limb support  200  extends substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the leg portion of the housing  110 . 
     The device  1000  comprises a pivoting arrangement between the housing  100  and the limb support  200  via which the limb support  200  is moveable between the retracted position and the extended position. 
     In an embodiment (not shown), the pivoting arrangement may include a pin or shaft attached to the housing and extending through an end of the limb support to allow the limb support to rotate relative to the housing and move between the retracted position and the extended position. It is envisaged that a number of different types pivoting arrangements may be used to move the limb support from the retracted to the extended position, in other embodiments. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the device  1000  includes a driving mechanism  500  connected between the housing  100  and the limb support  200 , which drives movement of the limb support  200  between the retracted position and the extended position. In the illustrated embodiments, this movement can be caused by force applied by the user to a part of the driving mechanism. In another embodiment (not shown), this movement can be caused by a motor or other type of driver. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the driving mechanism  500  is a type of mechanical linkage. In an alternative embodiment, the driving mechanism  500  can include for example, a linear actuator or other driver. It is envisaged that a number of different driving mechanisms can be used in other embodiments. 
       FIG.  2    shows a seated user wearing the device  1000  when the limb support  200  is in the retracted position.  FIG.  4    shows the user wearing the device  1000  when the limb support  200  is in the extended position. 
     The housing  100  is substantially L-shaped to accommodate the natural shape of a foot. As mentioned above, the housing  100  has a vertical component or a leg portion  110 . The housing  100  also has a horizontal component or a foot portion  120 . In this embodiment, the housing  100  is configured to house the lower leg of the patient while the patient wears an orthotic boot. In other embodiments, the housing  100  can be configured in size and shape to accommodate the lower limb of the patient while they are wearing normal shoes, or a plaster cast surrounding their lower limb, 
     The foot portion  120  has a first side  121 A and an opposed second side  121 B. The foot portion  120  is configured to house the foot portion of an orthotic boot including the foot of the user of the device or subject. 
     The foot portion  120  is substantially rectangular. Each side of the foot portion  121 A,  121 B has a metal plate  122 A,  122 B to which various parts of the housing  100  are connected. 
     The leg portion  110  extends from the foot portion  120  to a position under the knee so when the patient is seated, the device  1000  is located below the knee as can be seen in  FIG.  1   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  2   , the leg portion  110  includes a first arm  111 A extending vertically along the leg portion  120  from the first side of the foot portion  121 A. The leg portion also includes a second arm  111 B extending vertically along the leg portion  110  from the second side of the foot portion  120 . The first arm  111 A is opposed to the second arm  111 B. An end of each arm is also fixed to the foot portion  120 . Each of the first arm  111 A and second arm  111 B is sufficiently long to support the lower leg but does not extend pass the knee. 
       FIG.  5    shows a back view of the device  1000  when the limb support  200  is in the retracted position. The leg portion  110  also includes a third arm  113  fixed to the back of the foot portion and extending vertically along the back of the housing to support the back of the lower leg of the user, in use. There is a plurality of horizontally extending braces  115 , each of which are fixed to the first arm  111 A, the second arm  111 B and the third arm  113 . They also connect the first arm  111 A to the second arm  111 B and located adjacent the rear of the foot portion  124 . The braces mechanically support each of the first, second and third arms  111 A,  111 B,  113 . In this embodiment, there are three braces, as shown in  FIG.  5   . 
     The third arm  113  extends partially up the back of the leg portion to a free end of the third arm  114 . Advantageously, the third arm  113  is configured such that the free end of the third arm  114  can flex outwardly to accommodate a larger calf of a subject. In the illustrated embodiment, each arm is relatively flat and slender. In this embodiment, each arm is made of aluminium. Advantageously, aluminium is lightweight. In other embodiments, the arms may be made of the other materials. 
     Each of the leg portion  110  and the foot portion  120  of the housing comprises a plurality of adjustable straps  105  configured to secure the lower limb within the cavity of the housing. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the foot portion  120  and leg portion  110  have two straps spaced from each other. In the leg portion  110  of the housing, the straps extend circumferentially around the leg portion  110 , over each of the three arms and are also secured to each of the three arms via screws. In the foot portion  120 , each strap is connected across the foot portion to secure the foot of a user (including an orthotic boot) within the housing  100 . 
     As can be seen in  FIG.  2   , for example, each end of each strap across the foot portion  120  is attached onto the metal plates  122 A,  122 B on either of the two sides of the foot portion  121 A,  121 B with screws. Each strap is configured such that it is adjustable via a hook and loop fastener and an adjustment loop. 
     In use, the user will typically be wearing an orthotic boot to protect and support the injured lower leg. Advantageously, the straps  105  are adjustable to accommodate a variety of different sizes of orthotic boots worn by user. 
     The housing further includes a supporting cover  140 . The supporting cover  140  is configured to provide support to the limb within the leg portion of the housing and extends from the rear of the foot portion of the housing  124  to adjacent the underside of the knee. The supporting cover  140  is configured to at least partially cover substantially the whole length of the back of the leg. The supporting cover  140  is located internal to the three arms. The supporting cover  140  is fixed to the back of the foot portion  120  using screws. 
     In other embodiments, the supporting cover can be printed with a pattern or with drawings and be coloured in different colours. This may assist in the psycho-emotional aspect of recovery, especially when it 
     The supporting cover  140  has two wings  141 A,  141 B that extend from the back of the supporting cover to wrap partially around either side of the lower leg of the subject, in use. Each wing  141 A,  141 B is located near the top of the leg portion adjacent a calf of a lower leg, when the device is worn by a user. Each wing  141 A,  141 B also comprises a slot  142 A,  142 B. Each of the first and second arms  111 A,  111 B has an internally facing screw which engages with each respective slot of the first and second wings  142 A,  142 B. The diameter of each screw head is larger than the width of each slot to retain the supporting cover. The supporting cover  140  is moveable relative to each of the first and the second arms  111 A,  111 B within the constraint of the length of each slot  142 A,  142 B to accommodate for different sizes of lower limb so that the patient can comfortably wear the device  1000 . 
     The supporting cover  140  may be made of a sheet of tough plastic or fabric which is flexible but can substantially retain its shape while providing support to the lower limb, in use. User can 
     The foot portion, in use, is configured to support the driving mechanism and the leg portion of the housing as well as the lower limb of the user. 
     In this embodiment, the foot portion of the housing  120  includes a core made of plywood. Advantageously plywood is a lightweight material. In other embodiments, the core may be made of other lightweight material. Metal angle brackets fix ends of each of the first, second and third arms  111 A,  111 B,  113  to the core using screws. Each of the metal side plates of the foot  122 A and  122 B are also fixed to the core using screws. 
     The foot portion  120  also includes padding of a dense foam. In particular, the plywood is covered with or encased within a dense foam. The padding acts to reduce any impact on the bones of the injured limb during load bearing by cushioning the foot of the user, in use. In other embodiments, the food portion may have more padding for example where the user is not wearing a cam boot and is bare foot for example. In yet other embodiments, where there is already sufficient support provided by an orthotic boot, less padding may be needed in the foot portion of the housing  120 . 
     The foot portion  120  includes a padded sole  125  which will be in contact with the underside of the orthotic boot worn by the user, in use. 
     As can be seen in  FIGS.  2 ,  4  and  7   , the underside of the foot portion  126  has a convex curvature. This prevents the instance of any force concentrations in areas of the injured foot, particularly when the user is wearing the device  1000  when the limb support  200  is in the retracted position while the user is seated. This also prevents jarring of the bones of the foot or lower leg when the underside of the foot portion  1000  contacts the ground when the device is worn by the patient. This will reduce the chance of the user experiencing pain while wearing and walking with the device  1000 . 
     As mentioned above, the plywood is encased in relatively dense sponge. The dense sponge located between the plywood and strips is sufficiently shock absorbent to cushion the heel during heel-strike and improve comfort for the user. It is envisaged that in other embodiments, other types of shock-absorbent material can be used. 
     The underside of the foot portion also includes two grip strips  127 A,  127 B each extending longitudinally along the underside of the foot portion. In the illustrated embodiments one strip  127 A is located adjacent the first side of the foot portion  121 A and the other strip  127 B is located adjacent the second side of the foot portion  121 B. In this embodiment, the grip strips  127 A,  127 B are made of rubber and comprise a gripping pattern (not shown) to better engage with the ground to prevent the user slipping while wearing the device. 
     The foot portion  120  also includes a stabilising portion  128  which in the illustrated embodiments has a wedge shape and projects outwardly from the underside of the foot portion  120 . The stabilising wedge  128  acts to prevent the device  1000  from tipping and falling over due to gravity when it is placed on a flat surface in an upright position such as on the ground. Hence, as the underside of the foot portion  126  is curved, the greatest height of the wedge is located near the rear edge of the foot portion. This can be seen in  FIG.  2    for example. 
     A resiliently flexible member (not shown) attaches the stabilising wedge  128  to the underside of the plywood. In the illustrated embodiment, the resiliently flexible member is a simple spring. 
     The limb support  200  includes a base  220 . In the illustrated embodiment, the base of the limb support  220  is relatively heavy and in a retracted position of the limb support  200 , is located near the top of the device  1000 . The stabilising portion  128  and spring are together configured to counterbalance the force of gravity on the top of the device that can act to tip the device over. 
     The stabilizing wedge  128  is made of a relatively soft sponge that is compressible underfoot such as when the user is walking while wearing the device. The spring is configured such that when the device  1000  is not loaded by the user, it is in its initial, extended position. Therefore, the spring is sufficiently resilient to remain in its extended position when the device  1000  is in an upright and retracted configuration. The spring is sufficiently flexible such that when the device is loaded by the user wearing the device  1000  and walking with the device  1000 , the spring and stabilizing wedge  128  compress underfoot. 
     Thus, the stabilising wedge  128  makes it easier for the user to grip and put on the device  1000  without the inconvenience of the device falling over when the holder is not holding the device  1000 . When the user is seated, it might be difficult to reach over and grab the device  1000  if it has fallen down. Especially, as the user is required to be careful when moving so as not to unnecessarily load the injured limb as this may cause pain. In the illustrated embodiments, the stabilising wedge  128  is located at the rear of the underside of the foot portion between the two grip strips  126 . 
     The convex shape of the underside of the device  126 , is configured for gradual load transfer when the user walks while wearing the device. During normal gait, the rear of the foot portion  124  will typically be loaded first and then load will be transferred along the length of the foot portion  120 . The stabilising wedge  128  is made of relatively soft sponge to cushion the foot of a patient. The sponge is sufficiently thick and otherwise configured such that there is no gap between the sponge and surrounding outer surface of the foot portion to prevent small rocks and other sediment or soil, for example, getting stuck between the sponge and the plywood. 
     In other embodiments, the housing  120  can comprise padding to make the device more comfortable to wear. This will enable the user to use the device while wearing a thinner or less robust orthotic boot. In yet another embodiment, the user may be able to use the device without wearing an orthotic boot. In this case, the orthotic boot may be incorporated within the cavity of the housing to support the injured lower leg. 
     As mentioned above, the limb support  200  is moveable from the retracted position to the extended position, and vice versa. 
     The limb support  200  comprises an elongated brace  210  to support the lower limb above the ground in an extended position of the lower limb, in use. As shown for example, in  FIGS.  1  and  2   , the elongated brace  210  is located external to and at the rear of the housing  100  when the limb support  200  is in the retracted position. 
     The elongated brace  210  is sufficiently strong and stable to support the lower limb when the knee is extended. 
     The total height of the limb support  20  is selected to ensure that when the limb support is in the extended position, that the lower limb is substantially perpendicular to the limb support  200  when the device  1000  is worn. If the limb support  200  is too high then there may be unnecessary forces applied to parts of the lower limb such as the hip which may make the user uncomfortable. 
     In another embodiment (not shown), the limb support may be at a height at which the lower limb is not perpendicular to the limb support in use while being comfortable for the user. 
     In another embodiment (not shown), the limb support may have an adjustable height. It is envisaged that the skilled person will be able to make the height of the limb support adjustable in a number of different ways. 
     The elongated brace  210  comprises two slender arms  211 A,  211 B spaced horizontally from each other and located on either side of and at the rear of the housing  100  when the limb support  200  is in the retracted position. In the retracted position, each arm of the elongated brace  211 A,  211 B extends vertically from the rear of the foot portion of the housing  124 . Each arm  211 A,  211 B is pivotably connected to the rear of the foot portion of the housing  124 . Each arm has a first end  212 A,  212 B and a second end  213 B,  213 B. 
     Each arm  211 A,  211 B also includes a guide  215 A,  215 B to guide the movement of the limb support  200  between the retracted and the extended position. Each guide  215 A,  215 B is a slot longitudinally extending along the length of each of the two arms of the elongated support  211 A,  211 B. Each arm  211 A,  211 B has an inwardly facing side facing the housing and an outwardly facing side facing away from the housing. In the illustrated embodiment, each slot is located on the outwardly facing side and extends from adjacent the base  250  or near the second end of each arm  211 B,  212 B to approximately halfway along the elongated support  210 . 
     Each second part of the driving mechanism  520 A engages with each respective slot (as explained in detail below). The length of each slot is configured to allow the second part of the driving mechanism  520 B to move relative to the slot and cause the limb support  200  to move between the retracted position and the extended position. Each slot restrains the second part of the driving mechanism  520 A and controllingly guides the movement of the limb support  200  into the extended position or the retracted position. 
     The second end of the each of the arms  213 A,  213 B are pivotably connected to the base  250  such that the elongated brace  210  can be moved from a reduced position in which the base  250  is substantially parallel to the elongate brace  210  to a position in which the base is perpendicular to the elongate brace  210  for supporting the lower limb in the extended position of the limb support  200 . 
     The device  1000  includes a base lock  400  to lock the base  250  in a position perpendicular to the elongated brace  210 . 
     Advantageously, the base  250  can be folded behind the housing  100  in the reduced position as shown in  FIG.  2    so as not to obstruct the user while the user is moving. This also results in a relatively compact and sleek device. 
     As can be seen in  FIG.  6   , the base  250  also includes a pair of curved feet  251 A,  251 B, adjacent each other and spaced horizontally from each other. Each foot  251 A,  251 B has a convex outer surface  252 A,  252 B for contacting the ground that is covered with a gripping material. The gripping material comprises a tread (not shown) for engaging with the ground when the outer surface of each of the feet  252 A,  252 B are in contact with the ground when the limb support  200  is in the extended position. 
     As shown, for example, in  FIG.  5   , when the limb support  200  is in the retracted position and the base  250  is in a position parallel to the limb support  200 , the upper ends of the feet  257 A,  257 B are turned outwardly while the lower ends of the feet  258 A,  258 B are angled inwardly. Advantageously, this is so that the upper ends of the feet  257 A,  258 B do not protrude into the thigh of the subject when the subject is wearing the device and seated, and the limb support  200  is in the retracted position. 
     Another advantage of this is that when the limb support  200  is in the extended position, the outwardly angled nature of the feet  251 A,  251 B reduces the likelihood of the base  250  from slipping backwards or forwards when the subject moves compared to if the feet were parallel to each other. There is greater surface area of contact between the sides of the feet and the ground when the feet are outwardly angled compared to when they are parallel to each other. This increases the friction between the ground and each of the feet. 
     A flange  253 A,  253 A extends perpendicularly from approximately the centre of each of the feet  257 A,  257 B. As shown in  FIG.  6   , the two curved feet are connected to each other by a bridge  255  fixed to each of and extending between the two flanges  253 ,  254 . 
     The bridge  255  has a substantially rectangular portion extending between the two flanges. The bridge  255  also has two end portions  256 A,  256 B extending substantially perpendicularly from either side of the rectangular portion. Each of the two end portions  256 A,  256 B is pivotably connected to a respective second end of a respective arm of the elongated brace  213 A,  213 B with a suitable fastener. It is envisaged that a number of known fasteners can be used to pivotably attach each end portion  256 A,  256 B to the respective second end of an arm of the elongated brace  213 A,  213 B. 
     As mentioned above, the limb support  200  comprises a base lock  400  to lock the base in a position substantially perpendicular to the elongate brace when the limb support is in the extended position. In use, when the base lock  400  is disengaged, the user can grip the bridge  255  to rotate and move the base about the second end of the elongated support. 
     The base lock  400  has two identical parts  400 A,  400 B located internal to each end portion of the bridge  256 A,  256 B. Each part of the base lock comprises a lever  410 A,  410 B each having a first end  411 A,  411 B, and a second end  412 A,  412 B and a resiliently flexible member  450 A,  450 B. 
       FIGS.  8  and  9    depict one side of the base lock  400 A, the resiliently flexible member  450 A is located between and fixed to each of the lever  410 A and the respective end portion of the bridge  256 A. The resiliently flexible member  450 A provides a fulcrum  452 A about which the lever pivots to move a second end of the lever  412 A. Applying a force at a first end of the lever  411 A to move the first end of the lever towards the adjacent perpendicular portion of the bridge  256 A, moves the second end of the lever  412 A away from the second end of the respective arm of the elongated member  213 A. This is illustrated in  FIG.  8   . 
     The lever  410 A can be made of a suitable metal such as aluminium and steel and is rigid. The lever  410  is shaped to follow part of the shape of the inner surface of the bridge as shown in  FIG.  9   , so as not to protrude into the cavity of the housing  130 , in use. 
     The first end of the lever  411 A is sufficiently wide to allow a user to comfortably push the first end of the lever  411 A down with their thumb. 
     Each part of the base lock  400 A also includes two screws  413 A extending through and fixed to the second end of the lever  412 A. As shown in  FIG.  9   , the bodies of the screws extend in a direction towards the second end of the respective arm of the elongated member  213 A. 
     When the base  450  is in the perpendicular position, each screw  413 A is aligned with a respective one of two holes  414 A extending through the second end of the respective arm of the elongated member  213 A. 
     Each hole  414 A is configured to receive and retain a substantial portion of the bodies of each screw to prevent the base  250  moving out of the perpendicular position. 
     The resiliently flexible member  450  is attached to the lever  410 A at a position approximately midway between the first end  411 A and the second end of the lever  412 A. The resiliently flexible member  450 A is a thin sheet of metal bent to define three planar parts. A first planar part  451 A is fixed to the perpendicular portion and an opposed third planar part  453 A is fixed to the lever and a second planar part extending between the first and the third parts. There is bend between the second and the third parts. The second bend acts as the fulcrum  452 A about which the lever  410 A pivots. 
     The base lock  400 A also includes a restraint  430 A which locates the lever  410 A relative to the inner surface of the bridge  255 , prevents lateral movement of the lever  410 A. The restraint  430 A also acts to control the movement of the second end of the lever  412 A when the first end of the lever  411 A is depressed by the thumb of the user. 
     The restraint  430 A comprises a screw having a body  431 A extending from a head of the screw  432 A located external to an outer surface of the respective end portion of the bridge  256 A, through the respective end portion  256 A, between the respective end portion  256 A and the lever  410 A and through the lever  410 A to an outer surface of the lever  410 A. The end of the body of the screw is fixed to the lever  410 A such that the lever  410 A cannot move along the body of the screw  431 A. 
     The head of the screw  432 A is spaced from the outer surface of the respective end portion by a helical spring  436 A around the part of the body of the screw that is external to the respective end portion of the bridge  256 A. 
     The spring  436 A is biased to prevent any movement of the head  432 A towards the end portion and ensure that the two screws of the second end of the lever  412 A are retained within the holes in the second end of the elongated member  414 A, in the absence of any user-applied forces on the first end of the lever  411 A. 
     To unlock the base  250  from an engaged position of the lock  400 , as shown in  FIG.  9    the user can simultaneously press on both levers  410 A,  410 B until the screws are moved out of the holes as shown in  FIG.  9   . This movement releases the base  250  from the second end of the respective arm of the elongated brace  213 A and the user can move the base  250  into the position parallel to the elongated member. 
     In other embodiments, it is envisaged that other types of locks can be used to lock the base to the elongated brace. 
     As mentioned above, the driving mechanism  500  drives the movement of the limb support  200  from the retracted position to the extended position. In the illustrated embodiment, the driving mechanism  500  is a type of mechanical linkage. In another embodiment (not shown), the driving mechanism  500  can include a battery-operated linear actuator that is actuated by a button. It is envisaged that a number of different driving mechanisms can be used to drive the limb support  200  between the retracted position and the extended position. The driving mechanism  500  includes a pivot about which the limb support  200  rotates relative to the housing  100 . 
     The driving mechanism  500  as shown in the illustrated embodiments extends between the limb support  200  and the arms  111 A,  111 B of the leg portion of the housing on either side of the device. The driving mechanism and has a first side  500 A and an identical second side  500 B. 
     The first side of the driving mechanism  500 A includes a first part  510 A and a second part  520 B and is connected to a first arm of the elongated support  211 A. The second side of the driving mechanism  500 B also includes a first part  520 A and a second part  520 B and is connected to the second arm of the elongated brace  211 B. In this way, each side  500 A,  500 B of the driving mechanism  500  separately and simultaneously drives the respective side of the limb support that it is connected to. 
     The first part of the driving mechanism  510 A is a first elongate member extending from a first end  511 A to a second end  512 A. The second part of the driving mechanism  520 A comprises a second substantially elongate member which also extends from a first end  521 A to a second end  522 A. The second end of the first elongate member  512 A is pivotably connected to the first end of the second elongate member  521 A. 
     There is a polyurethane roller (not shown) attached to and extending from the surface of the second end of the second elongate member  522 A that is facing the slot of the guide  215 A. The arm of the elongated support includes a longitudinally extending internal cavity and a slot  215 A contiguous with the internal cavity. 
     The polyurethane roller is seated within the internal cavity of the elongated support of the limb support and is configured to move along the length of the slot  215 A and therefore, allow the limb support to move between the retracted and extended positions. 
     As mentioned previously, the driving mechanism  500  is configured such that pivotable movement of the first part  510 A relative to the second part  520 A causes movement of the second end of the second elongate member along the guide. 
     The driving mechanism  500  also comprises a handle  550  attached between and connecting the two sides of the driving mechanism. In particular, the first part of the driving mechanism comprises a handle  550  for a user to grip and move the first part of the driving mechanism in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the leg portion of the housing  110 . 
     As mentioned previously, movement of the first part of the driving mechanism  510 A in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the leg portion of the housing  100  drives movement of the limb support  200  between a retracted position parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing and an extended position in which the limb support extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the housing to support the lower limb. 
     The handle  550  also extends from a first end  551 A to a second end  551 B. The handle  500  projects outwardly from the housing  100 . The handle  550  is also faceted such that there is enough space between the handle  550  and the lower limb for the user to insert their fingers under the handle  550 , grip and move the handle  550  to drive movement of the limb support  200 . In another embodiment (not shown), the handle  550  can be curved with a convex inner surface facing the limb of a user, in use. 
     The handle  550  is also detachable from the first part  510 A of the driving mechanism. 
     The handle  550  has an outer surface and an inner surface.  FIG.  2    shows each end of the handle  551 A,  551 B is engaged with and attached to the respective first part of each side the driving mechanism  510 A,  510 B via a respective fastener  560 A,  560 B. In this embodiment, the fastener  560 A,  560 B is a type of over-centre fastener with a catch plate or “mousetrap” fastener. 
       FIG.  10    illustrates the fastener  560 B. The catch plate  561 B of the fastener  560 B includes a curved retainer configured to engage with and retainingly hold a loop  563 B attached to a body of over-centre fastener  562 B. The catch plate  561 B is fixed to the outer surface of the handle and adjacent the end of the handle  551 B. 
     The body of the over-centre fastener  562 B is attached to an outer side of the top of the second arm of the driving mechanism  511 B and includes a loop  563 B to engage with the retainer. 
     The handle  550  and the top end of each side of the first elongate member of the driving mechanism  511 B,  511 A together also include an alignment guide  590 A,  590 B to correctly align each catch plate  561 A,  561 B with the body of the over centre fastener  562 A,  562 B, such that each loop of the body of the over centre fastener  563 B,  563 A can easily engage with the catch plate and the end of the handle  551 A,  511 B and top end of the first part provide a smooth surface adjacent the limb, in use, when the handle is connected to the first part of the driving mechanism. 
     The alignment guide  590 A has a female part or recess  591 A located under the catch plate. The alignment guide  590 A also has a male part  592 A configured to receive the female part  591 A when the first and second parts of the alignment guide are brought together. The male part  592 A is located under the body of over-centre fastener  562 A,  562 B. 
     The second substantially elongate member  520 A,  520 B of the driving mechanism  500 A,  500 B has a first portion  523 A,  523 B that extends out of longitudinal alignment with the second portion  524 A,  524 B. There is a bend defined between the two portions  525 A. It is envisaged that in other embodiments, the first portion will be in longitudinal alignment with the second portion i.e. the second substantially elongate member  520 A,  520 B will be a single elongate member. 
     As depicted in  FIGS.  3  and  4   , the driving mechanism  500 A also includes a restraining plate  540 A secured to and extending from the side of the foot portion  121 A of the housing. The second elongate member  520 A is pivotably connected to the free end of the plate at the bend  525 A between the first  523 A and second  524 A portions. The restraining plate  540 A mechanically supports each of the first and second elongate members when the limb support  200  is in the extended position and prevents unnecessary lateral movement of the driving mechanism  500 A while the limb support  200  is moved from the retracted to extended positions. 
     The relative dimensions of the first and second elongate members of the driving mechanism, the position of the plate along each side of the foot portion and slot length of the limb support have been selected such that the second end of the limb support fits closely to the housing in the retracted position of the limb support and that the limb support extends substantially perpendicularly to the housing to support the lower limb in the extended position. 
     Each side of the limb support  200 A,  200 B is releasably connectable to the adjacent respective side of the first part of the driving mechanism  510 A,  510 B via a fastener  280 A,  280 B. As shown in  FIG.  6   , the fastener  280 A is a side release buckle including a receiving portion  281 A and an engaging portion  282 A. The engaging portion  282 A for each buckle is attached to the limb support  200 A to an end of the end portion of the bridge  256 A. The receiving portion  281 A for each buckle is attached to the first part of the driving mechanism under and adjacent the handle  550 . This location of the fastener  280 A makes it easy for the user to reach and unbuckle the fastener  280 A while wearing the device  1000 . 
     It is envisaged that a variety of different types of fasteners can be used to secure the limb support to the first part of the driving mechanism in the retracted position of the limb support. 
     Each part of the driving mechanism  500 A,  500 B also includes a driving mechanism lock  570 A,  570 B to prevent movement of the first part of the driving mechanism  510 A,  510 B relative to the housing  100  to ensure that the limb support  200  is locked in the extended position. 
     As can be seen for example, in  FIG.  5   , each side of the driving mechanism  500 A,  500 B is configured such that the first elongate member  510 A,  510 B is parallel to and adjacent the arms of the leg portion of the housing  111 A,  111 B. 
     The driving mechanism lock  570 B includes a longitudinally extending box  571 B with an internal cavity (not shown) and a longitudinally extending slot  573 B that is contiguous with the internal cavity  572 B. The box  571 B is fixed to an inner surface of the first elongate member  510 B with the slot  573 B facing the inner surface of the first elongated member. 
     It is envisaged that in another embodiment (not shown), the first elongated member may include the internal cavity and the longitudinally extending slot. In this embodiment (not shown), a separate box is not required. 
     There is a polyurethane roller  574 B attached to an outer surface at the top end of the arm  111 B. The polyurethane roller  574 B is located within and moveable along the internal cavity along the longitudinally extending slot  573 B. The slot  573 B is sized that the roller  574 B is retained within the internal cavity. 
     The driving mechanism lock  570 B further comprises a removeable stopper  575 B attached to the outer side of first elongate member  510 B of the driving mechanism. There is a window  576 B located at and extending through a front facing surface of the box. One end of the cavity is located adjacent the handle and the other end of the cavity is located at a point along the length of the first member  579 A. The window  576 A is located above the other end of the internal cavity. 
     The stopper  575 B is made of metal bent into a U-shape. Therefore, the stopper has a first end  577 B and a second end  578 B separated by a bend. A first moveable member  579 B is attached to and pivotably moveable relative to the external surface of the first elongate member of the driving mechanism  510 A. The first moveable member has a first end  580 B and a second end  581 B. A second moveable member  582 A has a first end  583 B, and a second end  584 B fixed to the external surface of the first elongate member of the driving mechanism  510 B. 
     The second end of the stopper  578 B is located between and fixed to each of the second end of the first moveable member  581 B and the first end of the second moveable member  579 B as shown in  FIG.  11   . 
     The first moveable member  577 B has an inflection  582 B adjacent the second end of the first moveable member  581 B configured such that the first moveable member  577 B and the second moveable member  578 B can fit parallel to each other when aligned vertically i.e. that the first end  583 B can fit into the gap created by the inflection. 
     When the first part of the driving mechanism  510 B is moved parallel to the limb to move the limb support  200 B from a retracted to an extended position, the polyurethane roller  574 B moves within the internal cavity and along the slot  573 B. The box can be made of metal and sized to house the polyurethane roller. Advantageously, there is low friction between the polyurethane roller  574 B and the metal of the box which enables smooth movement of the roller  574 B within the cavity  572 B. 
     The length of the slot  573 B and cavity  572 B are each configured such that the polyurethane roller  574 B is at the top end of the longitudinal cavity  572 B in the retracted position of the limb support. The slot  573 B is also configured such that the polyurethane roller  574 B located between the window  576 B and the second end of the longitudinal cavity  575 B in the fully extended position of the limb support  200 . 
     Before the driving mechanism  500 B is engaged to move the limb support  200 B from the retracted to the extended position, the driving mechanism lock  570 B is disengaged as shown in  FIG.  11   . When the limb support  200  is in the extended position, the user can push the unfixed end of the stopper  577 B into the window  576 B to prevent the polyurethane roller  574 B moving towards handle  550  within the cavity  572 B. 
     To engage the driving mechanism lock  570 B, the user pushes the first end of the first moveable member  580 B into vertical alignment with and into a position that is parallel to the outer surface of the first elongate member of the driving mechanism  510 B. This causes the second end of the first moveable member  581 B and the second moveable member  582 B to also move into parallel alignment with the first part of the driving mechanism  510 B. This also causes the first end of the stopper  577 B to enter the window above the stopper  576 B. In this position, the first end of the first moveable member  580 B abuts with a horizontal surface  585 B located under the end of the handle  551 B such that any movement of the handle  550  towards the foot of the device  120  is prevented by the lock  570 A. 
     The first end of the first moveable member  570 A also has an outer rubber sleeve  586 A to increase the friction between the horizontal surface  585 A and the first end  580 A so that the chance of the first end of the first moveable member  580 A slipping relative to the horizontal surface  585 A is reduced, for example, when the user pushes down on the handle  550  in a locked position of the driving mechanism  500 A,  500 B while the limb support  200  is in the extended position. 
     To disengage each driving mechanism lock  570 A,  570 B the user simply pushes the first end of the first moveable member  580 A,  580 B out of vertical alignment with or out of a position that is not parallel to the outer surface of the first part of the driving mechanism  510 A,  510 B. The second end of the first moveable member  581 A,  582 A moves away from the first part of the driving mechanism  510 A,  510 B and causes removal of the first end of the respective stopper  577 A,  577 B from the cavity through the respective window  576 A,  576 B. 
     The use of the device  1000  in accordance with the illustrated embodiment will now be described. Before the user wears the device  1000 , the limb support  200  is in the retracted position and the limb support  200  is fastened to the first part of the driving mechanism  510 A,  510 B via the respective fastener  570 A,  570 B. The driving mechanism lock  570 A,  570 B is also disengaged. 
     The handle  550  is removed by disengaging the over-centre fasteners  560 A,  560 B located on either side of the handle  550  so that the handle  550  does not obstruct inserting the lower limb into the housing  100 . 
     A user while seated on a chair or a bench for example, inserts their lower leg which is covered by an orthotic boot, foot first into the cavity of the housing device  110  while the limb support  200  is in the retracted position. The user can then secure their lower leg within the device  1000  by adjusting the straps until they feel their lower leg is secure within the device  1000 . The user can then reattach the handle  550  to the first part of the driving mechanism  510 A,  510 B by aligning the first part of the alignment guide  591 A,  591 B on each side of the handle  550  with the second part of the alignment guide  592 A,  592 B on the first end of the first part of the driving mechanism  510  such that the protrusions are inserted into the recess, and engaging each loop of the over centre fastener with the respective retainer of the catch plate  561 A. 
     The user can rest the leg while wearing the device  1000  on the ground. Once the lower leg is secured within the device  1000 , the user unbuckles the buckle fastener  280 A,  280 B to disconnect the limb support  200  from the first part of the driving mechanism  510 A,  510 B. The user then pushes the limb support  200  away from the housing  100 . The user then raises their lower limb and therefore, the device  1000  above the ground. This gives the user some space underneath their knee to manipulate the limb support  200 . 
     The user unlocks the base  250  by holding down the first ends of both levers  410 A,  410 B and simultaneously moving the base  250  from the parallel position to a position perpendicular to the elongated brace  211 A,  211 B by rotating the base  250  about the elongate support  211 A,  211 B. The user then locks the base  250  in the perpendicular position by releasing the levers  410 A,  410 B until the second ends of the levers engage with the holes in each respective second end of elongated brace. 
     The user then grips the handle of the driving mechanism  550  and pulls it parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing in a proximal direction (towards themselves) while extending their knee. Upon proximal movement of the handle  550 , the first elongate member  110  translates along the lower limb and moves parallel to the arms of the housing, and the second elongate member simultaneously rotates approximately about the restraining plate. While the second elongate member rotates, the second end of the second elongate member translates along the slot from the first end of the slot to the second end of the slot. As the second elongate member is rigid, this movement of the second elongate member drives the elongate limb from the retracted position to the extended position. When the second end of the slot has traversed the entire length of the slot, the limb support is in the extended position. 
     In the extended position, the handle is at a position above the knee. 
     The driving mechanism lock is then engaged into the locked position to lock the limb support in position and to prevent movement of handle  550  in the opposition direction. 
     To return the limb support  200  to the retracted position, the driving mechanism lock  570 A,  570 B on either side of the device is disengaged and the user pushes on the handle. The second end of each second elongate member  522 A,  522 B moves from the second end of the slot back to the first end of the slot and pulls the limb support  200  towards the back of the housing. When the base  250  is sufficiently close, the user can readily grip the base  250 , unlock the base lock  400  and fold the base  250  down into the position parallel to the limb support  200 . The user can then connect the limb support  200  to the first part of the driving mechanism using each buckle  280 A,  280 B. 
     To remove the device, the user can remove the handle  550 , loosen the straps  105  and then, carefully pull the device  550  off the lower limb. 
     The advantage of the mechanical driving mechanism illustrated in the embodiments is that it is simple, easy to use, robust and long-wearing. The user can use the device for an extended period of time such as for a number of years without having to maintain or replace the device. 
     Further, the position of the handle, buckle, base, base lock and driving mechanism lock are selected to be within reach of the user when they are seated and wearing the device, so that the user can easily and comfortably wear and deploy the device. 
     Advantageously, the buckle, base lock and driving mechanism lock in the illustrated embodiment do not require much manual dexterity or force to use. Therefore, the user will be motivated to use the device and to continue using the device to elevate their lower leg. 
     The driving mechanism, limb support, arms of the housing and other parts of the device which require strength and stiffness such as the plates on each side of the foot portion can be made of a suitable metal such as steel or aluminium. Alternatively, a suitably strong and stiff plastic may be used. In another embodiment, a composite material can be used such as a glass-reinforced plastic. 
     In other embodiments, other parts of the device can also be made of plastics with suitable mechanical properties. 
     The device is advantageously lightweight so that it is easy to carry and so that it does not unnecessarily load the injured lower leg while worn. The device is configured such that the user can walk with the device on the lower limb. 
     The device can be made in a number of sizes to suit different age groups and demographics of users. 
     It is envisaged that the foot portion of the housing can be constructed in a number of different ways such as molding using a suitable material such as types of plastics. 
     The skilled person will appreciate that pivotable connections between parts can be provided in a number of different ways including nuts and bolts with bearings to allow for the desired movement. 
     It is envisaged that the above device can be used to provide therapy for a variety of medical issues associated with a lower limb which require elevation of the lower limb such as fractures in the ankle, foot and shin, ankle sprains, achilles tendon injuries or calf muscle tears. 
     As mentioned above, the housing of the device can be modified to accommodate for different types of orthotics around the injured lower leg while still being comfortable for the user. For example, the housing can be modified so that a diabetic patient can comfortably wear the device while wearing normal shoes. For example, the padding housing can also be modified for a person wearing an orthotic boot, or plaster or a sand shoe or other shoes such as an ugg boot, for example. 
     It is envisaged that other parts of the device can be modified without departing from the scope of the invention. 
     Interpretation 
     EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but may do so. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments. 
     Similarly it should be appreciated that in the above description of example embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the Detailed Description of Specific Embodiments are hereby expressly incorporated into this Detailed Description of Specific Embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention. 
     Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention, and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination. 
     Comprising and Including 
     In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word “comprise” or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” are used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention. 
     Any one of the terms: including or which includes or that includes as used herein is also an open term that also means including at least the elements/features that follow the term, but not excluding others. Thus, including is synonymous with and means comprising. 
     Scope of Invention 
     Thus, while there has been described what are believed to be the preferred embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that other and further modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. For example, any formulas given above are merely representative of procedures that may be used. Functionality may be added or deleted from the block diagrams and operations may be interchanged among functional blocks. Steps may be added or deleted to methods described within the scope of the present invention. 
     Although the invention has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     It is apparent from the above, that the arrangements described are applicable to the medical device and healthcare industries.