Patent Publication Number: US-6983506-B1

Title: Universal, interchangeable tool attachment system

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application claims the benefit of the filing of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/332,259, entitled “Multi-Purpose Hand Tool Specifications”, filed on Nov. 20, 2001, and the specification thereof is incorporated herein by reference. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention (Technical Field) 
   The present invention relates generally to hand tools, particularly to a universal, interchangeable tool attachment system for configuring a hand tool. 
   2. Background Art 
   Multi-tools are typically pliers-based hand tools, which have additional tools stored in one or both handles of the pliers. Examples of the tools found in multi-tool handles include, knife blades, screwdrivers, files, and saw blades. These tools fold into the multi-tool&#39;s handles, much like a folding pocketknife stores various blades. Some multi-tools also include stamped rulers on one or both handles. 
   Prior art multi-tools contain a limited, manufacturer pre-selected set of tool options in the multi-tool handles. This presents two problems: damaged parts permanently compromise the tool&#39;s use, and the limited tool selection may not meet the user&#39;s specific needs. 
   Examples of prior art multi-tools are found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,047,426 to McIntosh, et al., entitled “Folding Multi-Tool With Adjustable Pliers; U.S. Pat. No. 6,023,805 to Lin, entitled “Tool Combination Having Easily Changeable Tool Members”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,735,005 to Wang, entitled “Multifunctional Tool Assembly”; U.S. 1,561,993 to Nielsen, entitled “Combination Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 2,168,405 to Haas, entitled “Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 3,370,307 to Beeks, entitled “Combination Tool Device”; U.S. Pat. No. 3,798,687 to Stevens, entitled “Multiple Hand Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 3,858,258 to Stevens, entitled “Multiple Hand Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 4,122,569 to Hitchcock, entitled “Integrated Universal Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 4,238,862 to Leatherman, entitled “Pocket Multiple Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 4,888,869 to Leatherman, entitled “Lock-Bar Foldable Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,637 to Yeang-Yai, entitled “Double-Purpose Hand Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,029,355 to Thai, entitled “Folding Utility Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,142,721 to Sessions, et al., entitled “Pocket Tool With Retractable Jaws”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,212,844 to Sessions, et al., entitled “Pocket Tool With Retractable Jaws”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,267,366 to Frazier, entitled “Combination Hand Tool With Retractable Pliers Jaws”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,432,968 to Beck, entitled “Utility Hand Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,826,338; U.S. Pat. No. 5,920,935 to Beck, entitled “Combination Hand Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 6,006,385 to Keshaw, et al., entitled “Multi-Tool”; U.S. Pat. No. 6,101,654 to Cachot, entitled “Multifunctional Pocket Tool Including Pliers”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,916,277, to Dallas, entitled, “Multi-Function Tool With Removable Head”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,430,768 to McIntosh, et al., entitled “Folding Multi-Tool With Adjustable Pliers”. 
   These patented devices are unsatisfactory in multiple regards, primarily due to the inability to modify the tool selection available and to remove or replace a particular tool when necessary. These devices remain an integral unit that cannot be re-configured by removing, replacing, or adding components. The vast majority of multi-tools have a pliers-based head permanently attached to the handles, or body of the multi-tool. 
   The present invention, in contrast, provides the ability to modify the tool selection contained within the handles. The present invention also provides the user the capability of easily replacing damaged or unneeded tools with other tools, with available “off-the-shelf” components, or proprietary components. 
   The present invention comprises a universal, interchangeable attachment system, with various pliers-like operator heads, removable/interchangeable handles, and removable/replaceable tools and tool bits. The flange ends of the components are perforated with an opening. By this means, components can be fastened together through the use of removable pins into a variety of configurations. These pins, which can be removed without the use of tools, allow nearly infinite reconfiguration and expansion of the basic system. 
   The invention is configurable and re-configurable to provide a variety of tools to the user. The invention includes a non-incremental ratchet tool operating via a double helical drive, electronic measuring device, removable tool cartridges, attachable tools, attachable operator heads, and tool bits. A hex drive and a clamp provide the ability to hold a variety of tools as needed by the user. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION (DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION) 
   The present invention is an interchangeable tool attachment system comprising at least one attachable handle, a variety of tool cartridges adapted for placement within the handles, a variety of attachable tool operator heads, connection means for attaching system components, and readily removable pins for attaching system components. The present invention is further a method of attaching components of the tool system. 
   The present invention is still further a helical drive mechanism for driving rotational tools. The present invention is also an electronic subsystem for use in connection with the tool system. The invention includes a tool cartridge system adapted for placement within a tool handle. The invention is also an interchangeable tool operator head whereby different blades or jaws can be interchanged upon a base portion of the operator head. 
   A primary object of the present invention is to provide a multi-tool that is readily configurable and re-configurable to adapt to a variety of applications by way of removable and replaceable components. 
   A primary advantage of the present invention is the ability to individualize tool selection. Another primary advantage of the present invention is the removable cartridge system for containment of a variety of “off-the shelf” tools and proprietary tools. Yet another primary advantage of the present invention is the ability to drive a rotational tool with a helical drive. Still another primary advantage of the present invention is the ability to perform simple electrical measurements with an electronic subsystem cartridge. The extreme adaptability of the present invention enables the user to customize the tool system to individual needs or easily replace damaged or dulled parts. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form a part of the specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating one or more preferred embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings: 
       FIG. 1  is a front perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the universal, interchangeable attachment system of the present invention in a closed position with attachable operator head and tool cartridges; 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a handle of the universal, interchangeable attachment system of  FIG. 1  in an open position with attachable tool cartridge; 
       FIG. 3  is a front perspective view of the universal, interchangeable attachment system demonstrating the separation of an attachable tool by means of removable attachment pins; 
       FIG. 4  is a front view of the universal, interchangeable tool attachment system utilizing two handles and an attachable tool, demonstrating the handles folding around and enclosing the attachable tool; 
       FIG. 5  is a front view of the universal, interchangeable tool attachment system demonstrating the use of connection means for connecting system components; 
       FIG. 6   a  is a front perspective view of a hanger clip connection means used for fastening the present invention to another object; 
       FIG. 6   b  is a front view of a first embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 6   c  is a front view of a second embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 6   d  is a front view of a third embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 6   e  is a front view of a fourth embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 6   f  is a front view of a fifth embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 6   g  is a front view of a sixth embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 7  is a side view of a tool of the present invention incorporating an integral cam-type locking and unlocking mechanism; 
       FIG. 8  is a perspective exploded view of an attachable tool and associated pivot pin and pivot clip to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 9  is a front view of an attachable tool with detachable jaws to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 10  is a cutaway view of an electronic subsystem used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 11  is a perspective view of clamp means for securing a variety of attachable tools in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 12  is a perspective view of a hex drive for attaching tools in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13   a  is a drill chuck tool to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13   b  is a magnetic bit holder to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13   c  is a series of drill bits to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13   d  is a space bit to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13   e  is a hex drive nut setter to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13   f  is the hex drive of  FIG. 12 ; 
       FIG. 13   g  is a crows foot wrench to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13   h  is a machine tool socket to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13   i  is a socket adapter to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13   j  is the hex drive of  FIG. 12 ; 
       FIG. 14  is a perspective side view of a reversible double helical drive used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 15   a  is an exploded view of the reversible double helical drive of  FIG. 14  and associated attachable tool components; 
       FIG. 15   b  is a perspective view of a handle containing the reversible double helical drive of  FIG. 14 ; 
       FIG. 16  is a perspective exploded view of exterior panels used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 17  is a perspective view of the removable pin used to connect various system components in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   a  is a pair of tweezers to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   b  is a dental tool to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   c  is a first saw blade to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   d  is a second saw blade to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   e  is a pair of rotary brushes to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   f  is a pair of burr tools to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   g  is a pen refill to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   h  is a drill bit to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   i  is a mirror to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   j  is a pair of deburring tools to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   k  is a utility blade to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   l  is a snap blade to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   m  is a pair of Xacto® blades to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   n  is a riffler to be used in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18   o  is a counter sink drill bit to be used in accordance with the present invention; and 
       FIG. 18   p  is a machine tap to be used in accordance with the present invention. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
   The present invention comprises a universal, interchangeable attachment system. The system includes various removable/replaceable operator heads, such as pliers, scissors, or wire cutters, a ratchet capability by way of a reversible, double helical drive, a multi-function electronic subsystem, interchangeable handles, removable tool cartridges, a clip attachment device, removable tool components, and tool bit holders, including a dual retention hex drive and a clamp. 
   The present invention is a universal, interchangeable tool attachment system that is configurable for supplying a variety of hand tools.  FIGS. 1 through 5  depict the system employing different attachable operating heads and tool cartridges for purposes of demonstrating the flexible and configurable nature of the invention. 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 , a front perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the universal, interchangeable attachment system  10  of the present invention is shown. System  10  is shown in a closed position with attachable tool operator head, or pliers  12 . The opposing jaws of pliers  12  pivot about pin  14  between an open and a closed position for grasping an object. A first handle  16  is shown with a first extension  36  of pliers  12  attached at a distal end. A second handle  16 ′ is adjacent first handle  16 . A second extension  38  from pliers  12  is connected to a distal end of second handle  16 ′. Removable attachment pins  18 ,  18 ′ secure the attachment of attachable operator head, such as pliers  12 , to handles  16  and  16 ′. Although pliers  12  are shown in  FIG. 1  as the attachable operator head, a variety of attachable operator heads are attachable in accordance with the present invention as will understood by those of skill in the art. 
   Among the attachable tool operator heads that are attachable to system  10  are scissors, wire cutters, and pliers. Among the tools attachable to system  10  by attachable clamp (see  FIG. 11 ) or hex drive ( FIGS. 12–13 ) are tweezers, dental tools, saw blades, rotary brushes, burrs, pen refills, drill bits, mirrors, deburring tools, utility blades, snap blades, Xacto® blades, rifflers, counter sink drill bits, machine taps, drill chucks, magnetic drill bit holders, hex bits, spade bits, hex drive nut setters, crows foot wrench, machine sockets and socket adapters. Many of these tools are depicted in  FIGS. 18   a  through  18   p.    
   Handle  16  is of an elongated U-shaped configuration having a first planar surface  20 , a second planar surface  22 , and a third planar surface (not seen) connecting the first surface  20  to the second surface  22 , thereby forming a cavity within for the storage of tools and other devices, that are readily removable from the cavity due to its U-shaped configuration. In  FIG. 1 , a tool cartridge  28  of sufficiently small dimensions is shown contained within the cavity of handle  16  which is described below with reference to  FIG. 2 . The third planar surface of handle  16  abuts second handle  16 ′. Handle  16 ′ is of the same U-shaped configuration as handle  16 . Handle  16 ′ is shown with an extendable, telescoping cartridge  24 , which is contained within the cavity defined by handle  16 ′ when not in use, and which extends from within the cavity defined by handle  16 ′ when in use. Cartridge  24  comprises detents  26  so that the user can deploy the cartridge  24  to varying lengths as indicated by detents  26 . This elongation capability provides the user with better leverage and power when utilized. The cavity at the distal end of handle  16 ′ can be configured to contain any number of tools to be used with system  10 . 
   Attention is now turned to  FIG. 2  which shows a perspective view of handle  16  with tool cartridge  28  partially deployed from the cavity defined by handle  16 . The external dimensions of cartridge  28  are such that it can be embedded within handle  16 . Each handle of system  10  defines an insertion opening  40  at the distal end and an insertion opening  40 ′ at the near end for receiving mating removable pins  18 ,  18 ′ (see also  FIG. 17 ). Cartridge  28  is fixedly held within the cavity of handle  16  by a frictional fit whereby cartridge  28  “snaps” into place and is held within the cavity when positioned within the cavity. First end  30  of cartridge  28  abuts the textured body  32  of pin  18 , and second end (not seen) of cartridge  28  abuts the body  32 ′ of pin  18 ′ when cartridge  28  is positioned within the cavity of handle  16  for a frictional fit. Tool cartridge  28  is configured for containment of a variety of tools, as will be described further below. 
   Cartridge  28  has many benefits to the user, including the ability to operate two of the system&#39;s devices at one time. For example, the user has the ability to grasp and stabilize a bolt with the pliers operating head while driving the corresponding nut with a screwdriver from a deployed cartridge. 
   Referring to  FIG. 3 , a perspective view of a configuration of the universal, interchangeable tool attachment system  10  is shown. Attachable tool operator head, or needle-nose pliers  13 , are shown detached from handles  16  and  16 ′. In order to secure pliers  13 , or other operating head such as pliers  12 , to handles  16 ,  16 ′, removable attachment pins  18 ,  18 ′ are first removed from mating insertion openings  40 ,  40 ′ of the distal ends of handles  16 ,  16 ′. Pliers  13  are then positioned such that cylindrical openings  42  and  42 ′, defined within extensions  36  and  38 , of pliers  13  align with openings  40  and  40 ′ of handles  16  and  16 ′. Once openings  42  and  42 ′ are aligned with insertion openings  40  and  40 ′, removable attachment pins  18  and  18 ′ are inserted through mating insertion openings  40  and  40 ′ and through cylindrical openings  42  and  42 ′ of pliers  12  to secure pliers  12  to handles  16 ,  16 ′. Removable pin  18  is described in detail below with reference to  FIG. 17 . 
   It will understood by those of skill in the art that extensions  36  and  38  and associated cylindrical openings  42  and  42 ′ of pliers  12  can alternatively be formed such that extensions  36  and  38  fit around the exterior of handles  16  and  16 ′ rather than within the first and second planar surfaces of handles  16  and  16 ′. With continuing reference to  FIG. 3 , handle  16 ′ is shown with one or more representative hand tools, for example screw driver heads, files, knives, etc., partially deployed from handle  16 ′ in the area generally referred to at  46 . Tools  46  are pivotably and removably attached to handle  16 ′ by way of removable pin  18 ′″ insertable through mating insertion opening  40 ′″. Once affixed to the near end of handle  16 ′ by insertion of pin  18 ′″, tools  46  remain enclosed within handle  16 ′, and are deployable from handle  16 ′ for use as depicted in  FIG. 3 . Because attachable tools  46  are removably attached by pin  18 ′″, they are readily removed and replace as needed. 
   In an alternative embodiment (not shown in  FIG. 3 ), a “snap-in” cartridge as described above with reference to  FIG. 2  can be used for containment of tools  46 . Once removed from handle  16 ′, tools  46  are deployed from the snap-in cartridge as needed. While not shown in  FIG. 3 , but as will be understood by those of skill in the art, handle  16 ′ can alternatively be affixed to pliers  13  180° in the opposite direction such that tools  46  are deployable in a direction toward the exterior of system  10 , rather than being deployable toward handle  16 , as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
   Referring to  FIG. 4 , a front view of system  10  is shown with handles  16  and  16 ′. Because handles  16 ,  16 ′ are pivotable about pins  18  and  18 ′, handles  16 ,  16 ′ are rotatable upward 180° in order to enclose attachable tool operator head  13  within the cavities defined by handles  16 ,  16 ′. Handles  16 ,  16 ′ are thereby pivotable between a first position whereby pliers  13 , or other operational tool head, are revealed for use, and a second position whereby handles  16 ,  16 ′ enclose pliers  13  within the cavities defined by handles  16 ,  16 ′. Of course, handles  16 ,  16 ′ are attached to pliers  13  such that the openings to the cavities defined by handles pliers  13  face each other allowing for the enclosure of pliers  13  when handles pliers  13  are pivoted upward toward one another. 
   Due to the pivotable, removably attachable nature of handle  16  of the present invention, any number of handles of suitable dimensions can be combined in accordance with the present invention by way of pins  18 , and respective mating insertion openings  40 . (See  FIG. 3 )  FIGS. 1 and 3  depict system  10  with two handles,  16  and  16 ′. 
   Attention is now turned to  FIGS. 5 and 6 .  FIG. 5  is a front view of a configuration of system  10 .  FIG. 5  shows system  10  utilizing three handles  16 ,  16 ′ and  16 ″ where an end of one handle is connected to an end of another handle by a connection means, such as a link or clip, affixed to the associated removable pins  18  for each handle. A variety of connection means are used to connect one handle to the next, or to connect any of a variety of the components of system  10 . Various embodiments of the connection means are shown in  FIGS. 6   a  through  6   g . In  FIG. 5  the distal end of handle  16  is pivotally connected to an end of handle  16 ″ by standard link  54  (see  FIG. 6   d ). Handle  16  is attached at the near end to the near end of handle  16 ′ by snap clip  56  (see  FIG. 6   c ). 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 6   a  through  6   g , a variety of connection means for connecting handles  16 , as well as other system components, are shown. 
   A further benefit of the present invention is the incorporation of an attachment device, or hanger clip, as shown in  FIG. 6   a . The majority of current multi-tools are carried in a sheath, which is either threaded through the user&#39;s belt or attached with a clip. Each of the present invention&#39;s removable tool cartridges preferably incorporates a clip, which the user can use to directly attach the cartridge and/or tool to almost any article of clothing and many objects at the work site, including but not limited to a belt, pocket, or pouch, etc. This enables quick access to the tool and its component cartridges without removal from a sheath, or unthreading a sheath from a belt. 
     FIG. 6   a  shows hanger clip  58  with a sliding lock-type fastener. Hanger clip  58  is of a sufficiently rigid U-shaped configuration attachable to an end of a handle, tool, cartridge, or other system component, by placing opening  60  over head  71  of pin  18  (see  FIG. 17 ) until body  32  is within opening  60 , and sliding hanger clip  58  in a longitudinal direction such that body  32  of pin  18  passes through elongated opening  62 . Once the head  71  of pin  18  is secured in elongated opening  62 , hanger clip  58  is secured to the system component. It will be understood that the orientation of openings  60  and  62  can be reversed (rotated 180°), or arranged at 90° to that shown in  FIG. 6   a , in accordance with the invention. Once hanger clip  58  is secured to the system component, system  10  can be hooked to a belt, pocket, railing, or other object. This configuration further allows the user to rotate system  10  about hanger clip  58  as needed for hanging system  10 . 
     FIG. 6   b  shows standard clip  55  that is attachable to a component of system  10 , in the same manner as the hanger clip of  FIG. 6   a . Once attached, clip  55  can in turn be used to connect a variety of devices or objects to system  10 , such as a set of keys. 
     FIG. 6   c  shows snap clip  56  used to connect system components. The openings  57  defined at each end of snap clip  56  fit over body  32  of pin  18 . Force is then applied to “snap” clip  56  into place over body  32  of pin  18  thereby securing pin  18  in snap clip  56  by a detachable frictional fit. Snap clip  56  is used for rapid attachment and detachment of system components. 
     FIG. 6   d  shows standard link  54 . Link  54  is used for a more permanent connection of system components. An opening defined at an end of link  54  is aligned with an opening of a system component, such as opening  40  of handle  16  (see  FIG. 3 ). Pin  18  is then placed through opening  40  of handle  16  and through the opening of link  54 . The opposite end of link  54  is then connected to another system component in similar fashion in order to join the second system component to the first. 
     FIG. 6   e  shows single snap link  64 . Single snap link  64  provides a standard, more permanent, connection at one end to a system component, and a readily attachable/detachable snap connection at the opposite end.  FIG. 6   f  shows an alternative single snap link  66  that is used as an integral cam locking/unlocking mechanism, and is discussed below with reference to  FIG. 7 . 
     FIG. 6   g  shows elongated clip  68 . Elongated clip  68  provides a sliding lock-type fastener at one end and a snap connection at the other. Clip  68  is useful for securing two handles in a closed position. A handle is pivotable about pin  18  and the sliding lock-type fastener at one end of clip  68 , and the snap connection at the other end of clip  68  is then snapped over pin  18  of an adjacent second handle. (See  FIG. 1 .) 
   It will be understood by those of skill in the art that an endless variety of configurations of the types of connection means shown in  FIGS. 6   a  through  6   g  can be used in accordance with the principles of the present invention. 
   Referring to  FIG. 7 , a side view of handle  16  with snap link  66  ( FIG. 6   f ) connected to an end of handle  16  with pin  18  is shown. When opening  67  of snap link  66  is threaded by pin  18  of a handle  16 , snap link  66  is rotatable perpendicular to handle  16  and can be snapped onto a pin of an adjacent handle thereby holding the handles together in a closed position, much in the same manner as described above with reference to  FIG. 6   g . If snap link  66  is not snapped to an adjacent handle&#39;s pin, link  66  can be rotated and housed within the cavity defined by handle  16 . In this position, the cam side  65  of link  66  abuts against the interior of the third planar surface of handle  16 . 
   With continuing reference to  FIG. 7 , blade  162  is also secured to handle  16  and link  66  with pin  18 . In this embodiment of handle  16 , flexible arm  161  is integral to the third planar surface of handle  16  which is normally in a static position approximately parallel to the elongated portion of handle  16 . When force is applied at tab  59  of link  66 , cam  65  is pressed against flexible arm  161  thereby moving arm  161  rotatably upward, counterclockwise in  FIG. 7 , away from handle  16 . When arm  161  is rotated upward, as indicated by the broken lines of  FIG. 7 , blade  162  is released from a locked position. When arm  161  is in the normally static position, blade  162  is held in a locked position whereby a hook at the end of arm  161  fits into a mating detent in blade  162 . By raising arm  161 , the deployed tool, or blade  162 , may be folded into the tool cartridge or handle  16  for storage, or deployed and locked into position for use. Cam  65  can alternatively comprise a plurality of locking positions. A plurality of varying dimensions of cam  65  would provide a plurality of locking positions, i.e. for different angles of locked tool deployment. 
   Returning to a discussion of the tool operator head, the present invention has two improvements embodied in the tool operator head, or pliers  12 ,  13 . The first is the ability to remove and/or replace the operator head with various pliers-like tools gives the system remarkable adaptability. The second improvement is the ability to adapt operator head jaws to the work at hand. 
   Referring to  FIG. 8 , an exploded view of a tool operator head, or pliers  12 , to be used in accordance with the present invention is shown. (See also  FIG. 1 .) Each jaw of pliers  12  is attachable to system  10  in the manner described above with reference to  FIG. 3 . Plier pivot pin  14  is insertable through mating openings  74  and  76  of the jaws of pliers  12 . Pivot clip  78  is then attached to the end of pin  14  that is opposite the head of pin  14  to secure the jaws of pliers  12 . Pliers  12  then pivot about pin  14 . By removing pivot clip  78  from pin  14 , pliers  12  are easily disassembled by the user for cleaning, repairs, and replacement, as well as for recombination of a variety of operator head types. The ability to reconfigure operator heads depending on the user&#39;s needs demonstrates the system&#39;s unique adaptability. While plier jaws are shown in  FIG. 8 , it will be understood that a variety of grasping tools can be configured in this manner. 
   Another example of a tool operator head that can be used in accordance with the present invention is depicted in  FIG. 9 .  FIG. 9  is an exploded view of operator head  80  with removable blades, or jaws,  82  and  84 . Removable blades  82  and  84  are attachable to the base of operator head  80  by mating male components and female receivers. Removable blade  82  is shown in  FIG. 9  as a female blade and is attachable to the base of operator head  80  by insertion of male component  86  into female receiver  88 . Removable blade  84  is attachable to the base of operator head  80  by insertion of male component  90  into female receiver  92  on the base of operator head  80 . Blades  82  and  84  remain secured to the base of operator head  80  once attached by way of raised portion  85  enabling a frictional fit between mating male and female components. In this manner, a variety of types of blades, jaws, or other mechanisms can be removed and replaced as needed for the tool application at hand. Alternatively, both removable blades  82  and  84  are matably attachable to the base of operator head  80  by way of male components in the base of the operator head and female receivers in each blade, or by way of female receivers in the base of operator head and mating male components in each blade. 
   Another attachable tool that can be used in accordance with system  10  is an electrical measuring tool. Referring to  FIG. 10 , a cutaway view of electronic subsystem  100  used in accordance with the present invention is shown. Electronic subsystem  100  contains indicator  102 , such as an LED, incandescent bulb, or other suitable visual indicator, an audio indicator, a vibrator, etc., that is operational upon activation of switch  104 . Indicator  102  also lights when continuity probes  106 ,  106 ′ are connected across a complete electrical circuit, or when AC detector  108  senses alternating current prior to contact of the tool with an active electrical contact. Indicator  102  preferably emits light through a corresponding opening in a handle of system  10  for viewing by a user. Internal power supply  110  provides electrical power for indicator  102  and AC detector circuit  108 . Wires are attachable to continuity probes  106 ,  106 ′ for testing an electrical circuit. System  10 , or any component of system  10  having suitable conduction capabilities, operates as the antenna for AC detector circuit  108 ; therefore, a user is automatically alerted to AC current when system  10  is in proximity to AC current. Electronic subsystem  100  preferably resides in a cartridge that is contained within a handle  16  of system  10 , such as the cartridge shown in  FIG. 2 . Placement of electronic subsystem  100  in a removable cartridge enables indicator  102  to be directed as a flashlight onto the immediate work area. 
   In addition to tools, or tool cartridges, handle  16  can contain a tool securing mechanism. One such securing mechanism is clamp  120 , a perspective view of which is shown in  FIG. 11 . Jaws  122  of clamp  120  clamp down on the flange end of a variety of “off-the-shelf” tool bits as well as specialized, proprietary tool bits. Lever arm  124  locks or releases tools or tool bits placed in clamp jaws  122 , permitting easy insertion or removal while holding the tool securely when in use. Lever  124  is shown in the release position in  FIG. 11 , and is rotated downward toward the body of clamp  120  to tighten jaws  122  around the tool to be secured. The spring force of lever  124  presses the mating jaws of clamp  120  together. Lever  124  pivots in clamp  120  in a groove that is out of round. Because of the relatively flattened center groove, it acts as a reverse cam, or “popover switch”. The spring tension of lever  124  provides compression between the handle of the tool and movable jaws  122  of the clamp and snaps into position in either the open or closed setting. The constant spring pressure in the fully closed spring position allows clamp  120  to accommodate differing tool dimensions, or thicknesses, and wear over time. Clamp  120  secures various bits and tools, including but not limited to saw blades, files, rifflers, drill bits, burrs, deburring tools, utility blades, snap blades, machine taps, etc. Clamp  120  is preferably frictionally nested within handle  16 , preferably oriented such that lever  124  is accessible through the opening into the cavity defined by handle  16  and jaws  122  accessible through an end of handle  16 . 
   Another tool securing mechanism used with system  10  is interchangeable hex drive  130  shown in  FIG. 12 . Hex drive  130  is attachable to handle  16  by inserting pin  18  through opening  132  defined by semi-circular bottom portion  134 , as well as through mating insertion opening  40  of handle  16  in a similar manner as described with respect to  FIG. 3  when attaching a jaw of pliers  13 . Hex drive  130  can alternatively be secured to and driven by helical drive at  151  (see  FIG. 15   a ). 
   Platform  136  provides support for hex drive socket housing  138 . Hex drive socket housing  138  defines hex drive socket  140  for receiving tool  144 . Alternatively, hex drive socket  140  receives a socket adapter  142  for securing a different tool than tool  144 . 
   The hex drive accommodates standard socket tool bits, i.e., flat and Phillips screwdriver bits. The unique aspect of the hex drive is its dual retention capability. The hex drive socket housing  138  fits snuggly into the base of a standard tool socket. Socket  140  is compatible with standard hexagonal drives. 
   Turning to  FIGS. 13   a  through  13   j , a variety of tools and adapters are shown that are attachable via hex drive  130 .  FIGS. 13   a  through  13   e  show a variety of tools adapted for placement in hex drive socket  140 , although system  10  is not limited to securing only those tools shown.  FIG. 13   a  is a drill chuck;  FIG. 13   b  is a magnetic bit holder;  FIG. 13   c  is a variety of hex bits;  FIG. 13   d  is a spade bit; and  FIG. 13   e  is a hex drive nut setter.  FIG. 13   f  is the hex drive  130  of  FIG. 12 . 
     FIGS. 13   g  through  13   j  show examples of socket adapters for placement over hex drive socket housing  138 .  FIG. 13   g  shows a crows foot wrench adapted for placement over hex drive socket housing  138 ;  FIG. 13   h  shows a machine socket adapter; and  FIG. 13   i  shows a bit socket adapter. 
   Referring to  FIG. 14 , a perspective side cutaway view of reversible double helical drive shaft  150  is shown. The broken lines indicate the positioning of drive shaft  150  within the drive shaft containment wall  154 . Drive power is provided via coiled spring  153 ,  153 ′ that is affixed at each far end to containment wall  154 . Double helical drive  150  is a non-ratcheting, reversible socket drive that operates through the rotation of integrated control knob  152  that protrudes from the drive through the drive shaft&#39;s containment wall  154  and is connected internally to spring  153 ,  153 ′. Manually turning control knob  152  clockwise tightens the coils of the spring, while turning control knob  152  counter-clockwise loosens the coils of the spring. Coiled spring  153 ,  153 ′ frictionally engages drive shaft  150  after the coil is tightened and causes it to rotate upon uncoiling. 
   Pin  18  is used at one end of helical drive cartridge  156  to connect cartridge  156  to system  10 . Although  FIG. 14  demonstrates a standard hexagonal drive, the fundamental drive system is adaptable to a variety of outputs other than the standard hexagonal drive as will be understood by those of skill in the art. 
     FIG. 15   a  is an exploded view of double helical drive  150  with a plurality of attachable tool bits attachable at an end of double helical drive  150 .  FIG. 15   b  shows handle  16  with double helical drive  150  and containment wall  154  pivotably secured therein. 
   System  10  can optionally include exterior panels  160 ,  160 ′ as shown in  FIG. 16 .  FIG. 16  shows an exploded view of interchangeable attachment system  10 . Panels  160 ,  160 ′ are attachable to a handle  16  by removable pins  18 . These removable panels are used as rulers, for providing drilled holes of particular sizes for wire sizing, graphic designs, and any of a variety of other measuring or visual applications. 
   Referring to  FIG. 17 , a perspective view of removable pin  18  used in accordance with the present invention for attachment and detachment of system components is shown. Pin  18  comprises head  71  at an end, textured body  32 , detent  72 , and locking head  70  opposite head  71 . Pin  18  is readily removable and insertable by hand without the aid of additional tools. Pin  18  is pressed through mating insertion opening of a system component, such as opening  40  in handle  16  (see  FIGS. 1 and 3 ). The textured surface of body  32  provides a frictional fit with the mating opening of the attachable tool upon inserting pin  18 . Opening  42  (see  FIG. 8 ) is preferably textured to provide additional frictional security with body  32  of pin  18 . Locking head  70  protrudes through a mating insertion opening (not seen on  FIGS. 1 and 3 ) defined by first planar surface  20  of handle  16 , and detent  72  rests within mating insertion opening defined by first planar surface  20 . The frictional fit of body  32  through opening  42  is such that a tool operator head is sufficiently stabilized for use. 
     FIGS. 18   a  through  18   p  provide examples of the variety of tools that are attachable in accordance with the present invention.  FIG. 18   a  is a pair of tweezers;  FIG. 18   b  is a dental tool;  FIG. 18   c  is a first saw blade design;  FIG. 18   d  is a second saw blade design;  FIG. 18   e  is a pair of rotary brushes, each of which are attachable in accordance with the present invention;  FIG. 18   f  is a pair of burr tools, each of which are attachable in accordance with the present invention;  FIG. 18   g  is a pen refill;  FIG. 18   h  is a drill bit;  FIG. 18   i  is a mirror;  FIG. 18   j  is a pair of deburring tools, each of which are attachable in accordance with the present invention;  FIG. 18   k  is a utility blade;  FIG. 181  is a snap blade;  FIG. 18   m  is a pair of Xacto blades, each of which are attachable in accordance with the present invention;  FIG. 18   n  is a riffler;  FIG. 18   o  is a counter sink drill bit; and  FIG. 18   p  is a machine tap to be used in accordance with the present invention. 
   As can be seen, the present invention&#39;s universal, interchangeable attachment system, various pliers-like operator heads, removable/interchangeable handles, removable/replaceable tools and tools bits, hex drive and clamp, creates a highly customizable tool, easily tailored to the individual user&#39;s need. With the incorporation of the uniquely designed reversible double helical drive, users are able to drive a screw or bolt without loosening and re-grasping the screw or bolt head. The electronic subsystem provides lighting and electrical testing capabilities unseen in prior art multi-tools. 
   Although the description herein contains specific embodiments, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. It should be noted that the invention, as described herein, is the preferred embodiment but should not be limited to the specifics described or illustrated as numerous variations are possible. The invention includes all novel and non-obvious combinations and subcombinations of various tools, elements, features, functions and/or properties disclosed herein. Modifications of the invention&#39;s elements may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as stated in the present claims. 
   The entire disclosures of all references, applications, patents, and publications cited above are hereby incorporated by reference.