Patent Publication Number: US-2011059419-A1

Title: Gingiva incising device

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a gingiva incising device which can easily incise a gingiva particularly at a tongue side and a lip side of an alveolar ridge at a position where a dental implant fixture is embedded at a time of carrying out a dental implant treatment. 
     2. Description of the Conventional Art 
     As a treatment method for recovering a lost oral cavity function of a missing tooth portion, there has been frequently carried out a dental implant treatment for fixing a dental prosthesis to an oral cavity side of a dental implant fixture coming to an artificial tooth root which is embedded within a jawbone of the missing tooth portion so as to be bone-connected to the jawbone. 
     In this dental implant treatment, there has been executed generally a procedure of incising a gingiva on a surface of the jawbone by a surgical knife, making the jawbone expose by setting the incised gingiva to an expanded state, forming an embedment hole by cutting the jawbone with a drill, embedding the dental implant fixture and thereafter seaming the incised gingiva. 
     However, in the dental implant treatment as mentioned above, since the gingiva is incised widely and the gingiva is expanded in such a manner as to peel from the jawbone, a great damage is left in the gingiva, and a bitter pain is frequently applied to a patient together with a tumescence or the like. Further, since tissue of the gingiva which is greatly damaged as mentioned above is hard to regenerate, there is even a case that the gingiva is early cured after treatment by completely removing a part of the gingiva in comparison with treatment by leaving the gingiva. 
     With respect to a problem of the conventional treatment method as mentioned above, there is a rotary type gingiva incising device with gingiva thickness measuring device for incising a gingiva formed on a surface of an alveolar bone, characterized in that the rotary type gingiva incising device is provided with a cylinder member which is open at one end portion, is closed at the other end portion by a lid member and is formed in a cylindrical shape, a coupling portion which is attached to the lid member and is provided for coupling to a dental engine capable of rotating the rotary type gingiva incising device with gingiva thickness measuring device, a blade portion which is formed at the open end portion of the cylinder member, and incises the gingiva formed on a surface of an alveolar bone on the basis of a rotation of the cylinder member, and a measuring scale which is formed on an outer periphery of the cylinder member, and is provided for measuring a thickness of the gingiva after incising the gingiva formed on the surface of the alveolar bone or during the incision (refer, for example, to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-104700). 
     If the gingiva is incised by using the rotary type gingiva incising device, it is possible to easily form a hole for inserting the dental implant fixture to the gingiva. However, since the rotary type gingiva incising device is only structured such that its blade portion formed on the end portion of the cylinder member is rotated by the dental engine such as a hand piece or the like so as to incise the gingiva, it is hard to incise the gingiva on the jawbone formed as a bank shape. 
     In other words, the jawbone is formed as a bank shape which is rapidly inclined as a whole toward a tongue side and a lip side, and the gingiva lies so as to cover the jawbone formed as the bank shape. Accordingly, if it is intended to incise the gingiva by the gingiva incising device only structured such that the blade portion is provided on a surface which is vertical to a center axis of the cylinder member at a leading end of the cylinder member, the blade portion can not be inserted into the gingiva any more after the leading end of the cylinder member comes into contact with a surface at a top portion of the bank-shaped jawbone, so that there is a problem that the gingiva on the jawbone at the tongue side and the lip side, which is rapidly inclined so as to get depressed, is left uncut. 
     As the gingiva incising device for incising the gingiva, there is a gingiva incising device which uses push-cutting blades having cross sections in various shapes such as a round shape, a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, an oval shape and the like at a leading end of a tubular member, (refer, for example, to the first aspect of the present invention and paragraph 0013 of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-196549). If this gingiva incising device is used, the gingiva can be incised by selectively using the push-cutting blades in correspondence to the gingiva to be incised, however, a leading end of the tubular member comes into contact with a surface at the top portion of the jawbone and the push-cutting blade at the leading end of the tubular member can not be inserted to the gingiva any more, only by using the tubular members having the different cross sectional shapes as mentioned above. Therefore, it is impossible to solve the problem that the gingiva on the jawbone at the tongue side and the lip side which is rapidly inclined so as to get depressed largely, is left uncut. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Problem to be Solved by the Invention 
     The present invention is made by taking the problem mentioned above into consideration, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gingiva incising device which can easily incise a gingiva particularly at a tongue side and a lip side of a jawbone formed as a bank shape. 
     The inventors of the present invention has completed the present invention by finding the following matter, as a result of devoting themselves to making a study for solving the problem mentioned above. In accordance with the present invention, a gingiva incising device is structured so as to have a cylinder portion which is longer than a thickness of a gingiva while having approximately the same diameter as a diameter of a dental implant fixture at a leading end side of a main body portion to which a grip portion is provided at a rear end side, and have a cutting blade portion for incising the gingiva formed on a whole periphery of the leading end of the cylinder portion, in which the cutting blade portion has a portion which protrudes gradually from a position closest to the grip portion toward a position away from the grip portion. In accordance with this structure, it is possible to securely incise the gingiva by inserting the portion protruding little by little in the cutting blade portion into the gingiva on the jawbone at the tongue side and the lip side which is rapidly inclined so as to largely get depressed. 
     In other words, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a gingiva incising device having a cylinder portion, which is longer than a thickness of a gingiva and has approximately the same diameter as a diameter of a dental implant fixture, at a leading end side of a main body portion provided with a grip portion at a rear end side, and having a cutting blade portion for incising the gingiva formed on a whole periphery of the leading end of the cylinder portion, wherein the cutting blade portion has a portion which protrudes gradually from a position closest to the grip portion toward a position away from the grip portion. 
     Further, in the case that the portion which protrudes gradually toward the position away from the grip portion of the cutting blade portion is formed over the whole periphery of the leading end of the cylinder portion, the gradually protruding portion is large, thus the gingiva can be securely incised by deeply inserting, and such is preferable. Further, in the case that a portion at the position closest to the grip portion of the cutting blade portion is formed in a predetermined length on a leading end periphery of the cylinder portion, the gingiva can be incised while avoiding the jawbone coming to an obstacle by the gradually protruding portion comparatively being made small, and such is preferable. In the case that the leading end of the cylinder portion is formed into such a shape that a portion over at least approximately one half of the periphery of the leading end of the cutting blade portion can be inserted to the gingiva, the gingiva incising device is hard to come off from the gingiva at a time of inserting the cutting blade portion into the gingiva so as to rotate, the gingiva can be easily incised in an accurate cylindrical shape, and such is preferable. 
     EFFECT OF THE INVENTION 
     As for the gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention, since the cutting blade portion has the portion which protrudes gradually from the position closest to the grip portion toward the position away from the grip portion, in the gingiva incising device having the cylinder portion, which is longer than the thickness of the gingiva and has approximately the same diameter as the diameter of the dental implant fixture, at the leading end side of the main body portion provided with the grip portion at the rear end side, and having the cutting blade portion for incising the gingiva formed on the whole periphery of the leading end of the cylinder portion, it is possible to securely incise the gingiva by inserting the gradually protruding portion of the cutting blade portion into the gingiva on the jawbone at the tongue side and the lip side which is rapidly inclined so as to get depressed largely. 
     Further, since the gradually protruding portion is large, in the aspect that the portion which protrudes gradually toward the position away from the grip portion of the cutting blade portion is formed over the whole periphery of the leading end of the cylinder portion, the gingiva can be securely incised by deeply inserting, and such is preferable. Further, in the aspect that the portion at the position closest to the grip portion of the cutting blade portion is formed in a predetermined length on the leading end periphery of the cylinder portion, the gingiva can be incised while avoiding the jawbone coming to the obstacle by the gradually protruding portion comparatively being made small, and such is preferable. In the aspect that the leading end of the cylinder portion is formed into such a shape that the portion over at least approximately one half of the periphery of the leading end of the cutting blade portion can be inserted to the gingiva, the gingiva incising device is hard to come off from the gingiva at a time of inserting the cutting blade portion into the gingiva so as to rotate, the gingiva can be easily incised in an accurate cylindrical shape, and such is preferable. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF EXPLANATION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a side view showing an embodiment of a gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the gingiva incising device in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a sectional view of the gingiva incising device in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a side view showing another embodiment of a gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the gingiva incising device in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a sectional view of the gingiva incising device in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a side view showing a conventional gingiva incising device; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of the gingiva incising device in  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a sectional view of the gingiva incising device in  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a sectional view showing a positional relationship between a jawbone and a gingiva; 
         FIG. 11  is a sectional view showing a state in which the conventional gingiva incising device in  FIG. 7  is inserted into a gingiva; 
         FIG. 12  is a sectional view showing a state in which the conventional gingiva incising device is drawn out from the state in  FIG. 11 ; 
         FIG. 13  is a sectional view showing a manner that a gradually protruding portion of the gingiva incising device in  FIG. 1  is positioned in one of a tongue side and a lip side and is inserted into the gingiva so as to incise a left gingiva portion; and 
         FIG. 14  is a sectional view showing a state in which the gingiva incising device is drawn out together with the gingiva from the state in  FIG. 13 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     A description will be in detail given below of a gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     In the drawings, reference symbol G denotes a gingiva, and reference symbol J denotes a jawbone. Further, reference numeral  1  denotes a main body portion of the gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention. The main body portion  1  has a cylinder portion  3  as mentioned below at a leading end side thereof, and at least the cylinder portion  3  is hollow, however, the main body portion  1  may be hollow as shown in  FIG. 6  or may be solid as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     Reference numeral  2  denotes a grip portion provided at a rear end side of the main body portion  1 . The grip portion  2  may be an independent body from the main body portion  1 , or may be integrated with the main body portion  1 . Further, a cutting blade portion  4  at a leading end mentioned below is rotated by rotating the grip portion  2  in a state of being gripped by hand or via a rotary tool. 
     Reference numeral  3  denotes a cylinder portion which is longer than a thickness of a gingiva G and has approximately the same diameter as a diameter of a dental implant fixture, and reference numeral  4  denotes a cutting blade portion for incising the gingiva, which is formed on a whole periphery of a leading end of the cylinder portion  3 . The cutting blade portion has a portion which protrudes gradually from a position closest to the grip portion  2  toward a position being away from the grip portion  2 . 
     In the case that the portion protruding gradually to the position being away from the grip portion  2  of the cutting blade portion  4  is formed over a whole periphery of a leading end of the cylinder portion  3  as shown in  FIGS. 1 to 3 , the gradually protruding portion is large. Accordingly, the gingiva G can be securely incised by deeply inserting, and such is preferable. Further, in the case that the portion at the position closest to the grip portion  2  in the cutting blade portion  4  is formed in a predetermined length on a leading end periphery of the cylinder portion  3  as shown in  FIGS. 4 to 6 , the gingiva G can be incised while avoiding the jawbone J coming to an obstacle by the gradually protruding position being made comparatively small, and such is preferable. Further, in the case that the leading end of the cylinder portion  3  is formed into such a shape that a portion over at least approximately one half of the periphery of the leading end of the cutting blade portion  4  can be inserted into the gingiva G, the gingiva incising device is hard to come off from the gingiva G at a time of inserting the cutting blade portion  4  to the gingiva G so as to rotate, the gingiva G can be easily incised in an accurate cylindrical shape, and such is preferable. 
     In order to actually use the gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to use it in combination with a conventional gingiva incising device constructed by a main body portion  1 ′, a grip portion  2 ′ provided at a rear end side of the main body portion  1 ′, and a cylinder portion  3 ′ in which a cutting blade portion is formed on a whole periphery of its leading end which is a surface vertical to a center axis thereof, as shown in  FIGS. 7 to 9 , or use it singly. 
     First of all, in the case of using in combination with the conventional gingiva incising device, the conventional gingiva incising device is struck into the gingiva G in a state shown in  FIG. 10  or is inserted while being rotated until a leading end of the cylinder portion  3 ′ comes into contact with the jawbone J as shown in  FIG. 11 . Accordingly, it is possible to form a cylindrical cut in the gingiva G as shown in  FIG. 12 , however, there comes a state in which parts of the gingiva G at the tongue side and the lip side are left uncut. 
     The left parts of the gingiva G at the tongue side and the lip side are incised by inserting the cutting blade portion  4  at the leading end side of the cylinder portion  3  of the gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention into the gingiva G in such a manner that the portion protruding gradually toward the position away from the grip portion  2  is positioned at one of the tongue side and the lip side, and rotating it one cycle while gripping the grip portion  2 , with respect to the left parts of the gingiva G, as shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14 . 
     In the case of using in combination with the conventional gingiva incising device as mentioned above, first of all, the conventional gingiva incising device is used, a cylindrical rough cut is formed in the gingiva G, and the left parts of the gingiva G at the tongue side and the lip side are incised by forming the cut by using the gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention. 
     Next, in order to incise the gingiva G by using the gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention singly, for example, the portion protruding gradually to the position away from the grip portion  2  in the cutting blade portion  4  is positioned at a gingiva G portion at one of the tongue side and the lip side, and the device is struck in, in such a manner that the cylinder portion  3  of the gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention can be inserted deeply into the gingiva G, so that a cut is formed in the gingiva G portion by the cutting blade portion  4 . Then, the portion protruding gradually to the position away from the grip portion  2  in the cutting blade portion  4  is moved to the gingiva G portion at a position on a surface at the top portion side of the bank-shaped jawbone J, by rotating the grip portion  2  in one direction while gripping the grip portion  2 , and a cut is formed in the gingiva G at the position on the surface at the top portion side of the jawbone J by the cutting blade portion  4 . Next, the portion protruding gradually to the position away from the grip portion  2  in the cutting blade portion  4  is positioned at the gingiva G portion at the other of the tongue side and the lip side so as to form a cut by rotating the grip portion  2  in the same direction while gripping the grip portion  2 , and a cut is formed in the gingiva G portion at the position on the surface at the top portion side of the jawbone J by further rotating in the same direction. It is possible to incise the gingiva G by only the gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention, by forming the cuts over the approximately cylindrical whole periphery in the gingiva G as mentioned above. 
     In the case that the gingiva G is incised by singly using the gingiva incising device in accordance with the present invention as mentioned above, it is necessary to form the cuts in the gingiva G while gripping and rotating the grip portion  2 . Accordingly, it is preferable that the leading end of the cylinder portion  3  is formed into such a shape that a portion over at least an approximately one half of the periphery of the leading end of the cutting blade portion  4  can be inserted to the gingiva G, in order to make the gingiva incising device hard to come off from the gingiva G at that time and make it possible to incise the gingiva G in an accurate cylindrical shape. In the case, it is preferable to use a dental template having a bore-tube provided with a guide cylinder, for example, disclosed by Published Japanese translation of PCT international application No. 2005-518834. The guide cylinder has a predetermined inclination at a predetermined position and predetermined standard sizes according to kinds of the dental implant fixture. 
     The dental template is produced based on an impression, CT scan data of a jawbone, or the like, taken for every patient. The dental template is formed in a mouthpiece shape, and has the bore-tube having the guide cylinder formed at a the position and an inclination according to which the dental implant fixture will be embedded. Thus, the position for a dental implant fixture can be formed at accurate only by mounting the dental template, inserting a gingiva incising device into the guide cylinder, and incising the gingiva.