Patent Publication Number: US-2016234808-A1

Title: Wireless Device, Node and Methods Therein for Deciding Whether or Not to Activate a WLAN Interface

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments herein relate to a wireless device, a node and methods therein. In particular, it relates to deciding whether or not to activate a Wireless Local Area (WLAN) interface. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless devices are also known as e.g. communication devices, User Equipments (UE), mobile terminals, wireless terminals and/or mobile stations. Wireless devices are enabled to communicate wirelessly in a cellular communications network or wireless communication system, sometimes also referred to as a cellular radio system or cellular networks. The communication may be performed e.g. between two wireless devices, between a wireless device and a regular telephone and/or between a wireless devices and a server via a Radio Access Network (RAN) and possibly one or more core networks, comprised in the cellular communications network. 
     Wireless devices may further be referred to as mobile telephones, cellular telephones, computers, or surf plates with wireless capability, just to mention some further examples. The wireless devices in the present context may be, for example, portable, pocket-storable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices, enabled to communicate voice and/or data, via the RAN, with another entity, such as another wireless devices or a server. 
     The cellular communications network covers a geographical area which is divided into cell areas, wherein each cell area is served by a base station, e.g. a Radio Base Station (RBS), which sometimes may be referred to as e.g. “eNB”, “eNodeB”, “NodeB”, “B node”, or BTS (Base Transceiver Station), depending on the technology and terminology used. The base stations may be of different classes such as e.g. macro eNodeB, home eNodeB or pico base station, based on transmission power and thereby also cell size. A cell is the geographical area where radio coverage is provided by the base station at a base station site. One base station, situated on the base station site, may serve one or several cells. The cells often overlap each other. Further, each base station may support one or several communication technologies. The base stations communicate over the air interface, also referred to as the cellular interface, operating on radio frequencies with the wireless devices within range of the base stations. 
     In 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), base stations, which may be referred to as eNodeBs or even eNBs, may be directly connected to one or more core networks. 
     3GPP LTE radio access standard has been written in order to support high bitrates and low latency both for uplink and downlink traffic. All data transmission is in LTE controlled by the radio base station. 
     Many devices and wireless devices such as e.g. personal computers, video-game consoles, smartphones, digital cameras, tablet computers and digital audio players may use a Wireless Local Access Networks (WLAN) such as e.g. Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi and WLAN will be used interchangeably in the rest of this document. These may connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network Access Point (AP) also referred to as a hot spot. Such an AP may have a range of about 20 meters (66 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage may comprise an area as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves, or as large as many square kilometers achieved by using multiple overlapping access points. 
     3GPP/WLAN Interworking 
     Most current WLANs such as Wi-Fi deployments, are totally separate from mobile networks, and may be seen as non-integrated from the terminal perspective. Most operating systems (OSs) for Wireless devices such as Android and iOS support a simple Wi-Fi offloading mechanism where a wireless device immediately switches all its Internet Protocol (IP) traffic to a Wi-Fi network upon a detection of a suitable Wi-Fi network with a received signal strength above a certain level. Henceforth, the decision whether or not to offload to a WLAN network such as a Wi-Fi network is referred to as access selection strategy and the term “Wi-Fi-if-coverage” is used to refer to the aforementioned strategy of selecting Wi-Fi whenever such a network is detected. 
     There are several drawbacks of the “Wi-Fi-if-coverage” strategy. Though previous pass codes for already accessed Wi-Fi APs can be saved in the wireless device, hotspot login for previously non-accessed APs usually requires user intervention, either by entering a pass code in a Wi-Fi connection manager or using a web interface. The Wi-Fi connection manager is software in a wireless device that is in charge of managing the Wi-Fi network connections of the wireless device, taking into account user preferences, operator preferences, network conditions, etc. 
     SUMMARY 
     It is therefore an object of embodiments herein to provide a more efficient 3GPP/WLAN Interworking in a wireless communications network. 
     According to a first aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by a method performed by a wireless device for deciding whether or not to activate a Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN, access, interface, WLAN interface, for data traffic. The wireless device comprises a cellular radio access interface towards a node in a cellular network, cellular interface, and the WLAN interface towards an Access Point, AP, in a WLAN. The wireless device receives Access Network Query Protocol, ANQP, information. The ANQP information comprises information elements. The ANQP information is received via the cellular interface from a node in the cellular network. The wireless device then decides whether or not to activate the WLAN interface for the data traffic based on the obtained ANQP information. 
     According to a second aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by a method performed by a node for assisting a wireless device in deciding whether or not to activate a Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN, access, interface, WLAN Interface, for data traffic. The node operates in a cellular network. The node obtains Access Network Query Protocol, ANQP, information, from the Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN. The ANQP information comprises information elements. The node sends the ANQP information to the wireless device via a cellular radio access interface, cellular interface, between the node and the wireless device. The ANQP information enables the wireless device to decide whether or not to activate the WLAN interface for the data traffic. 
     According to a third aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by a wireless device for deciding whether or not to activate a Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN, access, interface, WLAN Interface, for data traffic. The wireless device  120  is adapted to comprise a cellular radio access interface towards a node in a cellular network, cellular interface, and the WLAN interface towards an Access Point, AP, in a WLAN, the wireless device is configured to:
         Receive Access Network Query Protocol, ANQP, information. The ANQP information comprises information elements. The ANQP information is adapted to be received via the cellular interface from the node in the cellular network, and   Decide whether or not to activate the WLAN interface for the data traffic based on the obtained ANQP information.       

     According to a forth aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by a node for assisting a wireless device in deciding whether or not to activate a Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN, access, interface, WLAN Interface, for data traffic. The node is adapted to operate in a cellular network. The node is configured to:
         Obtain Access Network Query Protocol, ANQP, information, from the Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN, which ANQP information is adapted to comprise information elements, and   Send the ANQP information to the wireless device via a cellular radio access interface, cellular interface, between the node and the wireless device, which ANQP information is adapted to enable the wireless device to decide whether or not to activate the WLAN interface for the data traffic.       

     Since the ANQP information is reported via the cellular interface a better usage of the radio resources both on the network and on the wireless device side. This results in a more efficient 3GPP/WLAN Interworking in the wireless communications network. 
     An advantage with embodiments herein is improved battery utilization on the wireless device side as it may be sufficient that it is initially only connected to the cellular network. 
     Still another advantage with embodiments herein is improved WLAN capacity for user data traffic due to decreased ANQP signalling on WLAN interface. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Examples of embodiments herein are described in more detail with reference to attached drawings in which: 
         FIGS. 1 a, b  and  c    are schematic block diagrams illustrating prior art. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic block diagram illustrating prior art. 
         FIG. 3  is a sequence diagram illustrating prior art. 
         FIG. 4  is a table illustrating prior art. 
         FIG. 5  is a table illustrating prior art. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic block diagram illustrating embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart depicting embodiments of a method in a wireless device. 
         FIG. 8  is a flowchart depicting embodiments of a method in a node. 
         FIG. 9  is a sequence diagram illustrating embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 10  is a sequence diagram illustrating embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic block diagram illustrating embodiments of a wireless device. 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic block diagram illustrating embodiments of a node. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     As part of developing embodiments herein, a problem will first be identified and shortly discussed. 
     3GPP/WLAN Interworking 
     As mentioned above, most current WLANs such as Wi-Fi deployments, are totally separate from mobile networks, and may be seen as non-integrated from the terminal perspective. Most operating systems (OSs) for Wireless devices such as Android and iOS, support a simple Wi-Fi offloading mechanism where a wireless device immediately switches all its Internet Protocol (IP) traffic to a Wi-Fi network upon a detection of a suitable Wi-Fi network with a received signal strength above a certain level. Henceforth, the decision whether or not to offload to a WLAN network such as a Wi-Fi network is referred to as access selection strategy and the term “Wi-Fi-if-coverage” is used to refer to the aforementioned strategy of selecting Wi-Fi whenever such a network is detected. 
     There are several drawbacks of the “Wi-Fi-if-coverage” strategy. Though previous pass codes for already accessed Wi-Fi APs can be saved in the wireless device, hotspot login for previously non-accessed APs usually requires user intervention, either by entering a pass code in a Wi-Fi connection manager or using a web interface. The Wi-Fi connection manager is software in a wireless device that is in charge of managing the Wi-Fi network connections of the wireless device, taking into account user preferences, operator preferences, network conditions, etc. 
     No consideration of expected user experience is made except those considered in proprietary solution implemented in the wireless device, and this can lead to a wireless device being handed over from a high data rate mobile network connection to a low data rate Wi-Fi connection. Even though the Operating System (OS) of the wireless devices or some high level software in the wireless devices is smart enough to make the offload decisions only when the signal level on the Wi-Fi is considerably better than the cellular network link, there can still be limitations on a backhaul of the Wi-Fi AP that may end up being the bottleneck. In a hierarchical telecommunications network the backhaul portion of the network comprises the intermediate links between the core network, or backbone network and the small subnetworks at the “edge” of the entire hierarchical network for example the links connecting the Wi-Fi AP to the rest of the network. 
     No consideration of the load conditions in the cellular network and Wi-Fi are made. As such, the wireless device may still be offloaded to a Wi-Fi AP that is serving several wireless devices while the cellular network, e.g. LTE that it was previously connected to is rather unloaded. 
     Interruptions of on-going services can occur due to the change of IP address when the wireless device switches to the Wi-Fi network. For example, a user of a wireless device who started a Voice over IP (VoIP) call while connected to a cellular network is likely to experience a call drop when arriving home and the wireless device switching to the home Wi-Fi network automatically. Though some applications are smart enough to handle this and survive the IP address change, such as e.g. Spotify®, the majority of current applications do not. This places a lot of burden on application developers if they have to ensure service continuity. 
     No consideration of the wireless device&#39;s mobility is made. Due to this, a fast moving wireless device can end up being offloaded to a Wi-Fi AP for a short duration, just to be handed over back to the cellular network. This is specially a problem in scenarios like cafes with open Wi-Fi, where a user of a wireless device walking by or even driving by the cafe might be affected by this. Such ping pong between the Wi-Fi and cellular network can cause service interruptions as well as generate considerable unnecessary signalling, e.g. towards authentication servers. 
     Recently, Wi-Fi has been subject to increased interest from cellular network operators, not only as an extension to fixed broadband access. The interest is mainly about using the Wi-Fi technology as an extension, or alternative to cellular radio access network technologies to handle the always increasing wireless bandwidth demands. Cellular operators that are currently serving wireless device users with, e.g., any of the 3GPP technologies, LTE, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)/Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), or Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), see Wi-Fi as a wireless technology that can provide good support in their regular cellular networks. The term “operator-controlled Wi-Fi” points to a Wi-Fi deployment that on some level is integrated with a cellular network operators existing network and where the 3GPP radio access networks and the Wi-Fi wireless access may even be connected to the same core network and provide the same services. 
     There is currently quite intense activity in the area of operator controlled Wi-Fi in several standardization organizations. In 3GPP, activities to connect Wi-Fi access points to the 3GPP-specified core network are pursued, and in Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA), activities related to certification of Wi-Fi products are undertaken, which to some extent also is driven from the need to make Wi-Fi a viable wireless technology for cellular operators to support high bandwidth offerings in their networks. The term Wi-Fi offload is commonly used and points towards that cellular network operators seek means to offload traffic from their cellular networks to a Wi-Fi network, e.g., in peak-traffic-hours and in situations when the cellular network for one reason or another needs to be off-loaded, e.g., to provide requested quality of service, maximize bandwidth or simply for coverage. 
     RAN Level Integration 
     3GPP is currently working on specifying a feature/mechanism for WLAN/3GPP Radio interworking which improves operator control with respect to how a wireless device performs access selection and traffic steering between 3GPP and WLANs belonging to the operator or its partners, it may even be so that the mechanism can be used for other, non-operator, WLANs as well, even though this is not the main target. 
     It is discussed that for this mechanism the RAN provides assistance parameters that helps the wireless device in the access selection. The RAN assistance information is composed of three main components, namely threshold values, Offloading Preference Indicator (OPI) and WLAN identifiers. The wireless device is also provided with RAN rules and policies that make use of these assistance parameters. 
     The thresholds values may be for example for metrics such as 3GPP signal related metrics Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)/Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ)/Received Signal Code Power (RSCP)/EcNo, WLAN signal related metrics such as Received Signal Strength Indication (RCPI)/Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), WLAN load/utilization, WLAN backhaul load/capacity, etc. EcNo means received Energy per chip (Ec) of a pilot channel divided by the total Noise power density (No). One example of a RAN rule that uses the threshold value could be that the wireless device should connect to a WLAN if the RSRP is below the signalled RSRP threshold at the same time as the WLAN RCPI is above the signalled RCPI threshold. It is also discussed that the RAN should provide thresholds for when the wireless device should steer traffic back from WLAN to 3GPP. The RAN rules and policies are specified in a 3GPP specification such as TS 36.304 (V12.3.0) and TS 36.331 (V12.4.1). 
     With the above mechanism it is likely not wanted, or maybe not even feasible, that the wireless device considers any WLAN when deciding where to steer traffic. For example, it may not be feasible that the wireless device uses this mechanism to decide to steer traffic to a WLAN not belonging to the operator. Hence it has been discussed that the RAN should also indicate to the wireless device which WLANs the mechanism should be applied for by sending WLAN identifiers. 
     The RAN may also provide additional parameters which are used in Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) policies. One proposed parameter is Offloading Preference Indicator (OPI). One possibility for OPI is that it is compared to a threshold in the ANDSF policy to trigger different actions, another possibility is that OPI is used as a pointer to point and select, different parts of the ANDSF policy which would then be used by the terminal. 
     The RAN assistance parameters, such as e.g. thresholds, WLAN identifiers, OPI, provided by RAN may be provided with dedicated signalling and/or broadcast signalling. Dedicated parameters can only be sent to the terminal when having a valid RRC connection to the 3GPP RAN. A terminal which has received dedicated parameters applies dedicated parameters; otherwise the terminal applies the broadcast parameters. If no RRC connection is established between the terminal and the RAN, the terminal cannot receive dedicated parameters. 
     In 3GPP, it has been agreed that ANDSF should be enhanced for Release12 to use the thresholds and OPI parameters that are communicated by the RAN to the terminal, and that if enhanced ANDSF policies are provided to the terminal, the terminal will use the ANDSF policies instead of the RAN rules/policies, i.e. ANDSF has precedence. 
     Tight Integration Between 3GPP and WLAN 
     Within the scope of 3GPP rel-13, there has been a growing interest in on realizing even tighter integration/aggregation between 3GPP and WLAN, for example, the same way as carrier aggregation between multiple carriers in 3GPP, where the WLAN is used just as another carrier. Such an aggregation is expected to make it possible for a more optimal aggregation opportunity as compared to MultiPath Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP), as the aggregation is performed at a lower layer and as such the scheduling and flow control of the data on the WLAN and 3GPP links can be controlled by considering dynamic radio network conditions.  FIGS. 1   a, b, c  illustrate different levels of tight integration/aggregation between 3GPP and WLAN, i.e. three different protocol options of aggregation at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Radio Link Control (RLC) and Medium Access Control (MAC) levels.  FIG. 1 a    illustrates PDCP aggregation,  FIG. 1 b    illustrates RLC aggregation, and  FIG. 1 c    illustrates MAC aggregation. 
     The  FIGS. 1   a, b, c  are showing the main principles for these three aggregation levels. Additional functionality may be needed, for example in the PDCP-level aggregation. An additional protocol layer may be used between the PDCP layer and the 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) layer to convey information about the terminal and the radio bearer the traffic is associated with. 
     Note that  FIGS. 1   a, b, c  illustrates the protocol stack at a terminal such as a UE, or an integrated/co-located eNB-WLAN AP station. In the case of a standalone AP and eNB, i.e. AP and eNB are non-co-located, the protocol stack for supporting aggregation is a little bit different, as the LLC frames have now to be relayed towards the standalone eNB.  FIG. 2  illustrated this for the case of PDCP level aggregation.  FIG. 2  depicts PDCP level aggregation with a standalone AP and eNB. In this case, once the LLC packet is decoded at the AP, in the uplink direction from the UE to the AP, and the AP realizes that this packet is a PDCP packet that has to be routed to an eNB, the forwarding can be performed, for example, via Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) protocol stack. 
     Inter-Node Interface Xw Between 3GPP RAN and WLAN 
     A study item entitled Multi-RAT Joint Coordination has been recently started in 3GPP TSG RAN3 [3GPP TR 37.870]. At RAN3 #84 the scope and requirements for the Multi-RAT Joint Coordination Study Item (SI) were further defined. In particular, for the 3GPP-WLAN coordination part, it was agreed to focus on non-integrated 3GPP/WLAN nodes since integrated nodes are a matter of implementation. 
     Among the requirements of the study item [3GPP TR 37.870] it is the investigation of potential enhancements of RAN interfaces and procedures to support the joint operation among different RATs, including WLAN. It has also been agreed that 
     i. the coordination involving WLAN and 3GPP is in the priority of the study item and 
     ii. the statements on 3GPP/WLAN must be complementary to RAN2 work [R3-141512]. 
     Based on the recent contributions and offline discussions, this complement could be achieved by the specification of a network interface between the E-UTRAN and WLAN, which may occur in future releases. 
     The main functionality so far envisioned for this interface, called so far Xw, is the support for traffic steering from LTE to WLAN via the reporting of different sets of information from WLAN to the eNodeB so that educated steering decisions can be taken. However, based on the potential discussions in Release 13 about “tight integration between 3GPP and WLAN”, new functionalities of the Xw interface could be envisioned. Parts of the methods covered by embodiments herein relate to a new functionality of this interface and may either be part of standard enhancements or proprietary solutions. 
     Access Network Query Protocol 
     The Access Network Query Protocol, ANQP, is used to provide a mechanism for a WLAN station (STA) such as a wireless device, in a pre-associated state to poll the AP on various types of information i.e., without having to authenticate and associate. The process flow on an ANQP exchange is depicted on  FIG. 3 . [1] below relates to: Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications”, IEEE Std. 802.11-2012, IEEE Computer Society. The procedure comprises: 
     1 The STA receives a Beacon frame, broadcasted by the AP carrying indication that the AP is HotSpot 2.0-enabled. The format of the beacon frame is described in Chapter 8.3.3.2 of IEEE 802.11[1], where the “Vendor Specific” field is used to indicate the HotSpot 2.0 capabilities; 
     2 If the STA does not receive a Beacon frame for some reason, it can generate a Probe Request and send it to the AP. The Probe Request frame is described in Chapter 8.3.3.9 of IEEE 802.11 [1], and the “Vendor Specific” field carries the indication that the STA is HotSpot 2.0-enabled; 
     3 The AP answers with Probe Response (Chapter 8.3.3.10 of IEEE 802.11[1]), also indicating that it is HotSpot 2.0-enabled; 
     4 After the STA recognized that the AP is HotSpot 2.0-enabled, it knows that the AP has Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) capabilities. The STA then generates a GAS Initial Request in order to obtain information about an internetworking service; 
     5 The AP responds with GAS Initial Response. If the information requested by the STA cannot be fitted into one GAS frame and fragmentation is needed, the AP includes a GAS Query ID and GAS Comeback Delay information. The delay indicates the amount of time that the requesting STA should wait before another GAS Comeback frame exchange can be performed; 
     6 After the GAS Comeback Delay has expired, the STA sends a GAS Comeback Request (Chapter 8.5.8.14 in IEEE 802.11[1]), requesting the rest of the information. The STA must use the same Query ID, as previously assigned by the AP; 
     7 The AP responds with GAS Comeback Response (Chapter 8.5.8.15 in IEEE 802.11[1]). Once all the GAS Comeback Response frames have been received (the AP indicates the last fragment by setting the “More GAS Fragments” bit in the Fragment ID field in the GAS Comeback Response to “0”), the STA can defragment and process the information; 
     a. NOTE 1: In the “Advertisement Protocol Element” field, part of the GAS frame, (described in Chapter 8.5.8.12 of IEEE 802.11 of [1] the STA can include an ANQP query Chapter 8.4.4 of IEEE 802.11[1]). ANQP queries are used to obtain miscellaneous network information, including Network Access Identifier (NAI) Realm, 3GPP Cellular Network Information, etc.; 
     b. NOTE 2: The AP might forward or proxy the ANQP queries to a backend advertisement server, possibly a 3GPP entity. If the ANQP query requests 3GPP Cellular Network Information, the payload will be a Generic Container. According to the current standards, the only type of information carried is the list of Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs), that can be selected from the WLAN and information on which of these PLMNs support S2b connectivity. The support for S2b connectivity indicates whether the wireless device can connect to the PLMN via an evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG); 
     8 The STA sends an Open System Authentication Request as defined in Chapter 11.2.3.2 of IEEE 802.11; 
     9 The AP responds with an Open System Authentication Response; 
     10 The STA then sends an Association Request, indicating the security parameters to be used later; 
     11 The AP responds with an Association Response 
     a. NOTE: The Open System Authentication does not provide any security. The connection between the STA and the AP is secured at a later point, by means of Authentication and Key Agreement procedure. Nevertheless, a possible attack altering the security parameters in the Open System Authentication message exchange will be detected at the stage of key derivation; 
     12 At this point the Open System Authentication is completed and the STA can communicate only with the AP—the rest of the traffic is blocked by the PBNC enforcer, as defined in IEEE 802.1X. Some of the traffic towards external hosts, however, can be forwarded by the AP, as in the case of the communication with the RADIUS server; 
     The IEEE 802.11 standard [2] currently defines a number of ANQP elements as shown in  FIG. 4  disclosing a list of ANQP elements defined in 802.11u. [2] relates to: Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Amendment 9: Interworking with External Networks, IEEE Std 802.11u™-2011, IEEE Computer Society. 
     In addition, Hotspot 2.0 [3] defines additional ANQP elements′, as shown in  FIG. 5 . [3] relates to: Hotspot 2.0, Release 2, Technical Specification, Version 1.0.0, Wi-Fi alliance. The Hotspot 2.0 (HS2.0) ANQP-elements provide additional functionality to the IEEE 802.11 ANQP-elements that support HS2.0 features. The HS2.0 ANQP-elements are formatted as defined by the ANQP vendor-specific element using the InfoID 56797 as shown in  FIG. 4  with additional subtype values shown in  FIG. 5 .  FIG. 5  depicts a list of ANQP elements. 
     Currently ANQP information is delivered via 802.11 pre-association mechanisms, the Generic Advertisement Protocol, as shown in  FIG. 3 , which is known to be rather inefficient in terms of spectral efficiency. This means that WLAN capacity for user data traffic may be decreased due to ANQP signalling on WLAN interface. The issue can be even more problematic if it is assumed that the 3GPP might be overloaded and using WLAN APs to offload its terminals such as UEs. 
     Embodiments herein provide delivering ANQP information or portion of it via 3GPP signaling, making a better usage or the radio resources. The wireless device is anyhow camping or connected to the 3GPP RAN and may utilize the existing 3GPP RAN signaling mechanisms to retrieve the ANQP information elements from the 3GPP RAN without the need to perform GAS-signaling towards a Wi-Fi AP. Embodiments herein may also relate to a procedure where 3GPP RAN, e.g. the eNodeB, is informed about ANQP information over an Xw interface or via an Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) configuration, where the OAM node contains WLAN configuration information. 
       FIG. 6  depicts a wireless communications network  100  also referred to as a communications system, in which embodiments herein may be implemented. 
     The wireless communications network  100  e.g. comprises a cellular network  101 . The cellular network  101  may e.g. be a cellular network defined in 3GPP such as an LTE, a WCDMA, a GSM network or any other 3GPP cellular network. The cellular network  101  may also e.g. be a Wimax, CDMA, CDMA-2000 or any cellular network or system not defined in 3GPP. 
     The wireless communications network  100  further comprises a WLAN network  102 . The WLAN network  102  may e.g. be a WiFi network such as an IEEE 802.11 WiFi network. 
     The cellular network  101  comprises a plurality of network nodes whereof three, a base station  111 , a 3GPP OAM node  112  and a Core Network (CN) node  113  are depicted in  FIG. 6 . 
     The base station  111  is a network node which may be for example a Node B, an eNB, an eNodeB, or a Home Node B, a Home eNode B or any other network node capable to serve a wireless terminal in a cellular network. 
     The CN node  113  is also a network node in the cellular network  101 . The CN node  113  may be a core network node such as e.g. an a Serving Gateway (SGW), a PDN Gateway (PGW), a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) etc., where GPRS means General Packet Radio Service. The node  113  is typically able to communicate with the wireless device  120  using core network signalling such as any Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signalling. 
     Note that that the CN node  113  may not have an Xw-interface which means that in this case the only way for the CN node  113  to retrieve ANQP Information is via the 3GPP OAM node  112 . 
     Embodiments herein may be implemented in any of the base station  111  or the CN node  113  in the cellular network  101 , and will therefore be referred to as the node  111 ,  113 , meaning any of the base station  111  or the CN node  113 . According to embodiments herein, the cellular network  101  is able to provide WLAN ANQP information to the wireless device  120 . The cellular network node  111 ,  113  that provides the ANQP information may e.g. either be a radio node part of the RAN such as a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), a NodeB (NB), an evolved Node B (eNB) or be a core-network node such as a Serving Gateway (SGW), a PDN Gateway (PGW), a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) etc., where GPRS means General Packet Radio Service. 
     WLAN network  102  comprises a plurality of access points whereof one, AP  114  is depicted in  FIG. 6 . The WLAN network  102  may further comprise a WLAN network node  115  such as a WLAN-OAM node. 
     Note that the node  111 ,  113  and the AP  114  may be co-located. 
     One or more wireless devices operate in the wireless communications network  100 , whereof a wireless device  120  is depicted in  FIG. 6 . The wireless device  120  may be a mobile wireless terminal, a mobile phone, a computer such as e.g. a laptop, or a tablet computer, sometimes referred to as a surf plate, with wireless capabilities, or any other radio network units capable to communicate over a radio link in a cellular communications network  100 . 
     Core network signalling is typically between the CN node  113  and the wireless device  120 . 
     For example, the CN node  113  is connected to the base station  111  for sending of ANQP information to the wireless device  120  and is also connected to the 3GPP OAM node  112  for retrieval of ANQP information. 
     The wireless device  120  is capable to operate in the cellular network  101  and in the WLAN network  102 . The wireless device  120  may be referred to as a Station (STA) when operating in the WLAN network. This is because of the terminology used in WLAN technology. The wireless device  120  is capable of using a cellular radio access interface referred to as the cellular interface, towards the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 . This interface is referred to as the cellular interface. The wireless device  120  is further capable of using a WLAN interface towards the AP  114  in the WLAN  102 . 
     According to an example scenario the wireless device  120  is capable of communicate with an eNB such the base station  111  over the cellular interface such as e.g. an LTE-Uu interface as depicted in  FIG. 6 . The wireless device  120  is also capable of communicating with the AP  114  such as a Wi-Fi AP using the WLAN interface which may be an interface relating to IEEE 802.11 protocol. In addition according to some embodiments, there may exist a network side interface, named Xw, as depicted in  FIG. 6 , between the base station  111  and the AP  114 . In a management domain, the base station  111  is connected via an interface to its 3GPP-OAM node which may be node  112 , that is capable of configure eNodeB parameters. The AP  114  is also connected via an interface to the WLAN network node  115  such as its WLAN-OAM node. A common Network Management System (NMS) node  130  may have an interface to both 3GPP-OAM and WLAN-OAM nodes so that this common NMS node  130  is able to receive configuration information from both 3GPP-OAM and WLAN-OAM nodes and have access to both nodes base station  111  and the AP  114  in order to configure parameters for example for communication towards the wireless device  120 . 
     Embodiments herein provide methods for delivering the ANQP information or portion of it via 3GPP signaling to the wireless device  120 . The wireless device  120  is anyhow camping or connected to the 3GPP RAN and may utilize the existing 3GPP RAN signaling mechanisms to retrieve the ANQP elements from the 3GPP RAN without the need to perform GAS-signaling towards a Wi-Fi AP. 
     Example embodiments of a method performed by the wireless device  120  for deciding whether or not to activate the WLAN access interface, a so-called WLAN interface, for data traffic, will now be described with reference to a flowchart depicted in  FIG. 7 . As mentioned above the wireless device  120  comprises a cellular radio access interface towards a node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 , a so-called cellular interface, and the WLAN interface towards the AP  114  in the WLAN  102 . 
     In an example scenario, the wireless device  120  is about to send or receive data traffic, or it prepares for future sending or receiving of data traffic. The method comprises the following actions, which actions may be taken in any suitable order. Dashed lines of one box in  FIG. 7  indicate that this action is not mandatory. 
     Action  701   
     In some embodiments, the wireless device  120  sends a request for ANQP information to the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 . The request for ANQP information may be requested explicitly or implicitly. An example of an implicit request is the wireless device  120  sending a measurement report of a certain AP to the node  111 , 113  without explicitly requesting ANQP information. An example of an explicit request is that the wireless device  120  sends an explicit message to the node  111 , 113  asking for ANQP information. 
     The request for ANQP information may e.g. comprise any one or more out of:
         information about which AP or APs the request relates to, and   information specifying a specific set of ANQP elements, which it is requested from the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 .       

     For example, when the wireless device  120  requests the ANQP information from the node  111 ,  113 , either explicitly or implicitly, it may also define for which APs it is requesting the information. E.g. requesting ANQP information from AP  114 , AP 1 , AP 3  and AP 4 . Another option is for the wireless device  120  to simply request ANQP information and let the node  111 ,  113  such as e.g. an eNB determine which are the appropriate APs for which the wireless device  120  should receive the ANQP information. In some embodiments of a collocated node  111 ,  113  and AP  114  deployment, node  111 ,  113  such as an eNB would only provide the ANQP information related to the collocated AP  114 . 
     In some embodiments, the wireless device  120  specifies a specific set of ANQP elements, which it may request from the node  111 ,  113 . For example, if the wireless device  120  would only like to receive ANQP information regarding 3GPP interworking, then it would request the NAI Realm, the 3GPP Cellular Network, the Domain Name, etc. Then the node  111 ,  113  can provide only the ANQP elements the wireless device  120  has requested for. The NAI Realm element may identify which networks and/or operators are available via the Wi-Fi AP  114 , one example of a NAI Realm is “operator.com”. 
     In an example embodiment, the sending of the request for ANQP information to the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101  comprises: Sending a request for a part of the ANQP information to the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101  and sending a request for another part of the ANQP information to the AP  114 . 
     Action  702   
     The wireless device  120  receives ANQP information. The ANQP information comprises information elements. The ANQP information elements may e.g. comprise any one or more out of the IEEE 802.11 standard Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Amendment 9: Interworking with External Networks, IEEE Std 802.11u™-2011, IEEE Computer Society. This document defines a number of ANQP elements as shown in  FIG. 4 . In addition, Hotspot 2.0 Release 2 Technical Specification, Version 1.0.0, Wi-Fi alliance defines additional ANQP elements, as shown in  FIG. 5 . The HS2.0 specification defines for example how wireless terminals and Wi-Fi APs should function to support access authentication, roaming and subscription provisioning. The Hotspot 2.0 HS2.0 ANQP-elements provide additional functionality to the IEEE 802.11 ANQP-elements that support HS2.0 features. The HS2.0 ANQP-elements are formatted as defined by an ANQP vendor-specific element using the InfoID 56797 as shown in  FIG. 4  with additional subtype values as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     For better usage of the radio resources both on the wireless communications network  100  and on the wireless device  120 , the ANQP information or in some embodiments at least part of the ANQP information is received via the cellular interface from the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 . This provides improved battery utilization on the wireless device side as it may be sufficient that it is initially only connected to the cellular network. Still another advantage is improved WLAN capacity for user data traffic due to decreased ANQP signalling on WLAN interface. 
     The node  111  in the RAN of the cellular network  101  may use broadcast signalling such as e.g. System Information Block (SIB) signalling in order to deliver the information to the wireless device  120 . In another embodiment the node  111  in the RAN of the cellular network  101  uses dedicated signalling such as e.g. Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling in order to deliver the information to the wireless device  120 . 
     In some embodiments, the ANQP information or in some embodiments at least part of the ANQP information is received from the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101  via any one or more out of: broadcasting, unicasting, 3GPP radio access network signalling and core network signalling. The core network signalling may be any NAS-signalling between the wireless device  120  and the CN node  113 . 
     The ANQP information may comprise an indication to which AP, or group of APs the ANQP information is related to. In an example scenario, when the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  100  delivers the ANQP information to the wireless device  120 , either via broadcast or unicast signalling, it also indicates to which AP, or group of APs the ANQP information is related to. The node  111 ,  113  may identify the AP or set of APs by different identifiers some of which include, Base Service Set identifier (BSSID), Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID), Homogenous Extended Service Set Identifier (HESSID), or a range of those. 
     In some other embodiments the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  100  delivers the ANQP information for different APs or sets of APs. Where each of the APs or set of APs have different ANQP information associated with them. For example, the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  100  may provide the following to the wireless device  120 :
         AP 1 -ANQP 1     AP 2 , AP 3 , AP 4 -ANQP 2     AP 5 -AP 10 -ANQP 3         

     Thus the ANQP information may be an ANQP information out of a set of ANQP information received from the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  100 . The set of ANQP information relate to different APs or sets of APs, where each of the APs or set of APs is associated to different ANQP information. 
     In some embodiments, the wireless device  120  has sent a request for ANQP information to the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101  according to Action  701 . In these embodiments, the ANQP information may be received as a response to the request. 
     The ANQP information may be received as a response to an action performed by the wireless device  120  towards the base station  110 . The action may relate to one or more AP:s including the AP  130 . In these embodiments the option would be for the node  111 ,  113  to provide the ANQP information upon another action by the wireless device  120 . E.g., if the wireless device  120  sends a measurement report of a certain AP such as the AP  114  or set of APs, then the node  111 ,  113  may send the ANQP information related to this AP such as the AP  114 , or set of APs to the wireless device  120 . 
     According to embodiments herein the node in the cellular network  101  may provide all or part of the ANQP information to the wireless device  120 . In some embodiments the ANQP elements are partitioned into to two different sets of elements: one for cellular network  101  and one for non-cellular network such as the WLAN network  102 . If partitioning of the ANQP elements to two different sets of elements is used, the wireless device  120  may ask the AP  114  for the ANQP and then get the WLAN part from the AP  114  and the cellular part from the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 . The wireless device  120 , as mentioned in Action  701 , may have sent a request for a part of the ANQP information to the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101  and a request for another part of the ANQP information to the AP  114 . In these embodiments the receiving of the ANQP information comprises: Receiving the part of the ANQP information from the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 , and receiving said other part of the ANQP information from the AP  114 . 
     Action  703   
     The wireless device  120  decides whether or not to activate the WLAN interface for the data traffic based on the obtained ANQP information. Note that “based on the obtained ANQP information” herein means “at least partly based on of the obtained ANQP information”. The WLAN interface may e.g. be activated by turning on or off the WLAN access by connecting to a network via the WLAN network  102 , or by routing data traffic via the WLAN network  102 . 
     If the ANQP information is concerning only one WLAN AP, that information may be used to decide whether to connect that WLAN AP or not. For example, if the WLAN available backhaul capacity is lower than a certain threshold, the wireless device  120  may abstain from connecting and routing traffic via this WLAN AP. If the acquired ANQP information is concerning more than one WLAN AP, the wireless device  120  may compare the information to decide to connect to one of the WLAN APs, if at all. For example, the wireless device  120  may compare the backhaul by comparing the ANQP information about one or more WLAN APs, and the wireless device  120  may decide to connect and route traffic via the WLAN AP that has the largest available backhaul capacity. 
     The main advantage is better usage of the radio resources both on the network and on the wireless device  120  side. The reporting of ANQP information via 3GPP may occur right before traffic steering, which may speed up the steering procedure. 
     Example embodiments of a method performed by the node  111 ,  113  for assisting the wireless device  120  in deciding whether or not to activate a WLAN Interface for data traffic, will now be described with reference to a flowchart depicted in  FIG. 8 . As mentioned above, the node  111 ,  113  operates in the cellular network  101 . 
     Some of the details described in relation to  FIG. 8  relates to corresponding details described in relation to  FIG. 7  above, where they have been explained more in detail. These details will not be explained again here in relation to  FIG. 8 . The method comprises the following actions, which actions may be taken in any suitable order. Dashed lines of one box in  FIG. 8  indicate that this action is not mandatory. 
     Action  801   
     In an example embodiment, the node  111 ,  113  receives a request for ANQP information from the wireless device  120 . The request for ANQP information is requested explicitly or implicitly. 
     The request for ANQP information may comprise any one or more out of: Information about which AP or APs the request relates to, and information specifying a specific set of ANQP elements, which it is requested from the base station  110 . 
     Action  802   
     The node  111 ,  113  obtains ANQP information from the WLAN  102 . The ANQP information comprises information elements. 
     For the node  111 ,  113  to be able to provide the cellular part of ANQP elements, the node  111 ,  113  needs to get this information from the AP  114 . The node  111 ,  113  may retrieve this information using the Xw interface as shown in  FIG. 6 . As mentioned above, the CN node  113  may be connected to the base station  111  for sending of ANQP information to the wireless device  120  and is also connected to the 3GPP OAM node  112  for retrieval of ANQP information. The AP  114  may inform the eNB such as the node  111 , about the ANQP parameters in different ways and depending on the nature of the information. If the information is static such as supported capabilities, then it may be provided as part of the establishment of the Xw interface. If the information is more dynamic such as WLAN backhaul load then the AP  114  may provide the information using more dynamic signaling over the Xw interface. This dynamic signaling may be periodic, e.g. once every 5 seconds, or it may be sent based on different thresholds. For example if the information has changed above or below a specific threshold, then the dynamic signaling is used to inform the node  111 ,  113  about the change. 
     The information may also be obtained via OAM interfaces  112 ,  115 , where a central node, e.g. placed at the 3GPP Operations &amp; Support System (OSS) or the common NMS  130  for WLAN and 3GPP has up to date information about the ANQP parameters and neighbor APs per eNodeB lists. Then, the OAM node informs e.g. upon request or subscription-based, the eNodeBs such as the node  111 ,  113  associated to the neighbors WLAN APs their ANQP parameters. 
     A possible signaling example showing how the eNodeB such as the node  111 ,  113  obtains the ANQP information about its neighbors is given in  FIG. 9 . 
     In some embodiments, the ANQP information comprises an indication to which AP, or group of APs the ANQP information is related to. 
     The ANQP information may e.g. be an ANQP information out of a set of ANQP information sent to the wireless device  120 , which set of ANQP information relate to different APs or sets of APs, where each of the APs or set of APs is associated to different ANQP information. 
     Action  803   
     The node  111 ,  113  sends the ANQP information to the wireless device  120  via the cellular interface between the node  111 ,  113  and the wireless device  120 . The ANQP information enables the wireless device  120  to decide whether or not to activate the WLAN interface for the data traffic. 
     In the embodiments wherein the node  111 ,  113  receives the request for ANQP information from the wireless device  120  in Action  801  above, the ANQP information may be sent to the wireless device  120  as a response to the request. 
     In some embodiments, the ANQP information is sent to the wireless device  120  as a response to an action performed by the wireless device  120  towards the base station  110 , which action relates to one or more AP:s including the AP  130 . 
     The ANQP information may be sent to the wireless device  120  through any one or more out of: broadcasting, unicasting, 3GPP radio access network signalling and core network signalling. 
     An exemplary signalling flow according to embodiments herein is depicted in  FIG. 10 . In an example scenario, the wireless device  120  sends a measurement report of detected WLAN AP(s) based on the configuration from the cellular network node such as the base station  111 , and based upon this measurement report, the cellular network node  111  responds with the ANQP information of the concerned WLAN AP(s), which are then used by the wireless device network to decide on the activation of the WLAN interface towards a given WLAN AP for data traffic. 
     As mentioned above, the ANQP elements may be partitioned into to two different sets of elements: one for cellular network  101  and one for non-cellular network such as the WLAN network  102 . 
     To perform the method actions for deciding whether or not to activate a WLAN access interface, WLAN Interface, for data traffic, described above in relation to  FIG. 7 , the wireless device  120  may comprise the following arrangement depicted in  FIG. 11 . As mentioned above the wireless device  120  is adapted to comprise a cellular interface towards a node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 , and the WLAN interface towards the AP 114  in a WLAN  102 . 
     The wireless device  120  is configured to, e.g. by means of a receiving module  1100  configured to, receive ANQP information. The ANQP information comprises information elements. The ANQP information is adapted to be received via the cellular interface from the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 . 
     The wireless device  120  may further be configured to, e.g. by means of the receiving module  1100  configured to, receive the ANQP information from the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101  via any one or more out of: broadcasting, unicasting, 3GPP radio access network signalling and core network signalling. 
     The ANQP information may be adapted to comprise an indication to which AP, or group of APs the ANQP information is related to. 
     The ANQP information may be adapted to be an ANQP information out of a set of ANQP information received from the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  100 . The set of ANQP information relate to different APs or sets of APs, where each of the APs or set of APs is associated to different ANQP information. 
     The ANQP information may be adapted to be received as a response to a request. 
     In some embodiments, the wireless device  120  is configured to receive the ANQP information as a response to an action performed by the wireless device  120  towards the base station  110 , which action relates to one or more AP:s including the AP  130 . 
     The wireless device  120  is further configured to, e.g. by means of a deciding module  1110  configured to, decide whether or not to activate the WLAN interface for the data traffic based on the obtained ANQP information. 
     The wireless device  120  is further configured to, e.g. by means of a sending module  1120  configured to, send a request for ANQP information to the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 , which request for ANQP information is requested explicitly or implicitly. 
     In some embodiments, the request for ANQP information is adapted to comprise any one or more out of: Information about which AP or APs the request relates to, and information specifying a specific set of ANQP elements, which is requested from the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 . 
     In some embodiments, the wireless device  120  further is configured to, e.g. by means of the sending module  1120  configured to, send the request for ANQP information by sending a request for a part of the ANQP information to the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101  and sending a request for another part of the ANQP information to the AP  114 . The wireless device  120  may then be further configured to, e.g. by means of the receiving module  1100  configured to, receive ANQP information by receiving said part of the ANQP information from the node  111 ,  113  in the cellular network  101 , and receiving said other part of the ANQP information from the AP  114 . 
     The embodiments herein comprising the process of deciding whether or not to activate the WLAN interface for data traffic, may be implemented through one or more processors, such as a processor  1130  in the wireless device  120  depicted in  FIG. 11 , together with computer program code for performing the functions and actions of the embodiments herein. The program code mentioned above may also be provided as a computer program product, for instance in the form of a data carrier carrying computer program code for performing the embodiments herein when being loaded into wireless device  120 . One such carrier may be in the form of a CD ROM disc. It is however feasible with other data carriers such as a memory stick. The computer program code may furthermore be provided as pure program code on a server and downloaded to the wireless device  120 . 
     The wireless device  120  may further comprise the memory  1140  comprising one or more memory units. The memory  1140  comprises instructions executable by the processor  1130 . 
     The memory  1140  is arranged to be used to store e.g. ANQP information, data, configurations, and applications to perform the methods herein when being executed in the wireless device  120 . 
     Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the modules in the wireless device  120 , described above may refer to a combination of analog and digital circuits, and/or one or more processors configured with software and/or firmware, e.g. stored in the memory  1140 , that when executed by the one or more processors such as the processor  1130  as described above. One or more of these processors, as well as the other digital hardware, may be included in a single Application-Specific Integrated Circuitry (ASIC), or several processors and various digital hardware may be distributed among several separate components, whether individually packaged or assembled into a system-on-a-chip (SoC). 
     To perform the method actions for assisting a wireless device  120  in deciding whether or not to activate the WLAN access interface, WLAN Interface, for the data traffic in relation to  FIG. 8 , the node  111 ,  113  may comprise the following arrangement as depicted in  FIG. 12 . As mentioned above, the node  111 ,  113  is adapted to operate in the cellular network  101 . 
     The node  111 ,  113  is configured to, e.g. by means of an obtaining module  1210  configured to, obtain ANQP information, from the WLAN  102 . The ANQP information is adapted to comprise information elements. 
     The node  111 ,  113  is further configured to, e.g. by means of an sending module  1220  configured to, send the ANQP information to the wireless device  120  via the cellular radio access interface, the cellular interface, between the node  111 ,  113  and the wireless device  120 . The ANQP information is adapted to enable the wireless device  120  to decide whether or not to activate the WLAN interface for the data traffic. 
     The node  111 ,  113  may further be configured to, e.g. by means of the sending module  1220  configured to, send the ANQP information to the wireless device  120  through any one or more out of: broadcasting, unicasting, 3GPP radio access network signalling and core network signalling. 
     The ANQP information may be adapted to comprise an indication to which AP, or group of APs the ANQP information is related to. 
     In some embodiments, the ANQP information is adapted to be an ANQP information out of a set of ANQP information sent to the wireless device  120 . The set of ANQP information relate to different APs or sets of APs, where each of the APs or set of APs is associated to different ANQP information. 
     In some embodiments, the node  111 ,  113  is further configured to, e.g. by means of a receiving module  1230  configured to, receive a request for ANQP information from the wireless device  120 . The request for ANQP information is adapted to be requested explicitly or implicitly. The request for ANQP information may be adapted to comprise any one or more out of: Information about which AP or APs the request relates to, and information specifying a specific set of ANQP elements, which it is requested from the base station  110 . 
     In these embodiments, the node  111 ,  113  may further be configured to, e.g. by means of the sending module  1220  configured to, send the ANQP information to the wireless device  120  as a response to the request. 
     The node  111 ,  113  may be adapted to, e.g. by means of the sending module  1220  configured to, send the ANQP information to the wireless device  120  as a response to an action performed by the wireless device  120  towards the base station  110 , which action relates to one or more AP:s including the AP  130 . 
     The embodiments herein comprising the process of assisting the wireless device  120  in deciding whether or not to activate the WLAN interface for the data traffic, may be implemented through one or more processors, such as the processor  1240  in the node  111 ,  113  depicted in  FIG. 12 , together with computer program code for performing the functions and actions of the embodiments herein. The program code mentioned above may also be provided as a computer program product, for instance in the form of a data carrier carrying computer program code for performing the embodiments herein when being loaded into the node  111 ,  113 . One such carrier may be in the form of a CD ROM disc. It is however feasible with other data carriers such as a memory stick. The computer program code may furthermore be provided as pure program code on a server and downloaded to the node  111 ,  113 . 
     The node  111 ,  113  may further comprise a memory comprising one or more memory units, such as such as the memory  1250  in the node  111 ,  113  depicted in  FIG. 12 . The memory  1250  comprises instructions executable by the processor  1240 . 
     The memory  1250  is arranged to be used to store e.g. ANQP information, data, configurations, and applications to perform the methods herein when being executed in the node  111 ,  113 . 
     Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the modules in the node  111 ,  113  described above may refer to a combination of analog and digital circuits, and/or one or more processors configured with software and/or firmware, e.g. stored in the memory  1250  in the node  111 ,  113  that when executed by the one or more processors such as the processor  1240  as described above. One or more of these processors, as well as the other digital hardware, may be included in a single Application-Specific Integrated Circuitry (ASIC), or several processors and various digital hardware may be distributed among several separate components, whether individually packaged or assembled into a system-on-a-chip (SoC). 
     When using the word “comprise” or “comprising” it shall be interpreted as non-limiting, i.e. meaning “consist at least of”. 
     The embodiments herein are not limited to the above described preferred embodiments. Various alternatives, modifications and equivalents may be used. Therefore, the above embodiments should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appending claims.