Patent Publication Number: US-6712055-B1

Title: Spiral mass launcher

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/273,640, filed on Mar. 7, 2001, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to a device that can move a mass, and more particularly, to an apparatus with a spiral track that can launch a mass. 
     2. Background of the Invention 
     Mass launchers are generally known. Some examples include U.S. Pat. No. 5,699,779 to Tidman, entitled “Method of and Apparatus for Moving a Mass,” U.S. Pat. No. 5,950,608 to Tidman, entitled, “Method of and Apparatus for Moving a Mass,” and U.S. Pat. No. 6,014,964 to Tidman, entitled, “Method and Apparatus for Moving a Mass in a Spiral Track”, all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     While these earlier mass launchers were serviceable, they did not permit higher gyration speeds because of structural disadvantages. For example, previous designs would have difficulty achieving higher gyration speeds because they would not be able to safely handle the forces imposed by those higher rotational rates. One drawback in the prior art devices is the inability to place clamps or joints, the devices that attach the spiral track to a support member, close together. Due to their shape and configuration, previous devices were required to place the clamps at certain minimum distances. Often, these distances would not provide enough support to permit higher gyration speeds. 
     Another problem facing previous designs is the aerodynamic or fluid dynamic drag. As the spiral track is gyrated at higher and higher speeds, drag would impose greater and greater loads on many of the components of the spiral mass launcher. Another problem facing spiral mass launchers is the lack of an adequate feed mechanism. One theoretical advantage of spiral mass launchers is their ability to provide a high rate of fire. However, previous designs could not achieve this advantage due to a lack of a suitable feed mechanism that would be able to deliver projectiles into the mass launcher at requisite rates. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a mass launcher with a spiral track. In one aspect, the invention includes an apparatus for moving a mass comprising a spiral track, a first arm assembly having a first fulcrum and a first front end, a second arm assembly having a second fulcrum and a second front end, wherein the distance between the first fulcrum and the second fulcrum is less than the length of the first arm assembly. 
     In another aspect, the invention includes an arrangement of arm assemblies where the distance between the clamps of two successive arms is less than the length of one of the arm assemblies. 
     In another aspect, the arm is tapered. 
     In another aspect, the first arm assembly includes only upper arms. 
     In another aspect, the first arm assembly includes only lower arms. 
     In another aspect, the invention includes an apparatus capable of moving a mass comprising a spiral track, a first arm assembly connected to the spiral track and having an upper arm. The upper arm having a first end and a second end, the first arm assembly also having a lower arm, the lower arm having a first end and a second end; and wherein the second end of the upper arm is separated from the second end of the lower arm. 
     In another aspect, the upper arm is connected to a first axle and the lower arm is connected to a second axle wherein the first axle is spaced from the second axle resulting in a space between the upper arm and the lower arm. 
     In another aspect, the second end of the lower arm includes a counterweight. 
     In another aspect, the invention includes an apparatus capable of moving a mass comprising a spiral track, a first arm assembly connected to the spiral track and having at least one arm, the arm having a first width proximate a first end and a second width proximate a second end, wherein the first width is different than the second width. 
     In another aspect, the arm includes a pivot region. 
     In another aspect, the arm includes a tapered region disposed between the first and second ends. 
     In another aspect, the arm includes a pivot region disposed between the first and second ends. 
     In another aspect, the invention includes an apparatus capable of moving a mass comprising a spiral track moving in a gyrating motion, the spiral track having a first end and a second end, the first end adapted to receive a mass and a second end adapted to launch a mass, wherein the first end being upstream of the second end, feed mechanism adapted to feed a mass into the first end of the spiral track, the feed mechanism including a feed inlet and a feed outlet, wherein the feed inlet is stationary and the feed outlet rotates. 
     In another aspect, the feed outlet is in flow communication with the first end of the spiral track. 
     In another aspect, the feed inlet includes a pivoting joint that permits the feed inlet to rotate with respect to a fixed feed inlet. 
     In another aspect, wherein the feed outlet includes a pivoting joint that permits the feed outlet to rotate with respect to the first end of the spiral track. 
     In another aspect, wherein the feed outlet is connected to the first end of the spiral track and moves with the spiral track. 
     In another aspect, wherein the feed mechanism includes a rotating member. 
     In another aspect, wherein the rotating member is connected to a gearbox and a motor. 
     In another aspect, wherein the feed inlet is disposed above the spiral track. 
     In another aspect, wherein the feed inlet is disposed below the spiral track. 
     In another aspect, further comprising an actuator adapted to move projectiles. 
     In another aspect, the invention includes an apparatus capable of moving a mass comprising a spiral track, a first arm assembly connected to the spiral track and having at least one arm, a portion of the first arm assembly capable of rotating with the arm, the motion of the portion defining a circle, a second arm assembly connected to the spiral track and having at least one arm, wherein a portion of the second arm passes within the circle. 
     In another aspect, the portion of the first arm is proximate to a first end. 
     In another aspect, the first arm assembly includes only upper arms. 
     In another aspect, the first arm assembly includes only lower arms. 
     In another aspect, successive arms are staggered. 
     In another aspect, the stagger comprises an upper arm followed by a lower arm. 
     In another aspect, the invention includes an apparatus capable of moving a mass located in an ambient atmosphere comprising: a spiral track moving in a gyrating motion, at least one drive device capable of moving the spiral track, an enclosure surrounding a portion of the spiral track and defining an interior volume, a vacuum device in fluid communication with the interior volume and with the ambient atmosphere, wherein the vacuum device creates a pressure difference between the interior volume and the ambient atmosphere. 
     In another aspect, the enclosure comprises at least one panel attached to a bracket. 
     In another aspect, the enclosure comprises a series of panels attached to various brackets. 
     In another aspect, the enclosure includes at least one aperture and wherein a plasma window is disposed proximate the aperture. 
     In another aspect, the plasma window assists in sustaining a pressure difference between the interior volume and the ambient atmosphere. 
    
    
     Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure and steps particularly pointed out in the written description, the claims and the drawings. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a rotating mass in a first position. 
     FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment spiral mass launcher in a first position accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a rotating mass in a second position. 
     FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment spiral mass launcher in a second position accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a rotating mass in a third position. 
     FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment spiral mass launcher in a third position accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a rotating mass in a fourth position. 
     FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment spiral mass launcher in a fourth position accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a demonstrative pair of arms. 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a demonstrative pair of arms showing a contact or interference. 
     FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a pair of arms in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 8A is an isometric diagram of a preferred embodiment of a swing arm assembly in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a coupler in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 9 is a top view of a preferred embodiment of an arm in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 10 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of an arm in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 11 is an isometric view of an upper arm assembly embodiment in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 12 is an isometric view of a lower arm assembly embodiment in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 13 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a staggered arm arrangement in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 14 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a pair of arm assemblies at a first angular position in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 15 is a schematic top view of a preferred embodiment of a pair of arm assemblies at a first angular position in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 16 is an isometric view of preferred embodiment of a pair of arm assemblies at a second angular position in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 17 is a schematic top view of a preferred embodiment of a pair of arm assemblies at a second angular position in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 18 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a pair of arm assemblies at a third angular position in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 19 is a schematic top view of a preferred embodiment of a pair of arm assemblies at a third angular position in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 20 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a pair of arm assemblies at a fourth angular position in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 21 is a schematic top view of a preferred embodiment of a pair of arm assemblies at a fourth angular position in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 22 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a pair of arm assemblies at a fifth angular position in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 23 is a schematic top view of a preferred embodiment of a pair of arm assemblies at a fifth angular position in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a cantilever module in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a second module in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a plurality of cantilever modules in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a plurality of second modules in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 28 is an isometric diagram of a preferred embodiment of a tube in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 29 is an isometric diagram of a preferred embodiment of a slotted tube in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 30 is an isometric diagram of a preferred embodiment of a channel in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a clamp in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a feed mechanism in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 33 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a feed mechanism in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 34 is an enlarged isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a feed mechanism in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 35 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of an overhead feed mechanism in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 36 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of an enclosure in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 37 is an isometric cutaway view of a preferred embodiment of an enclosure in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional side view of a preferred embodiment of an arrangement of swing arms in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 39 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a drive plate embodiment in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 40 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of a drive plate embodiment in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 41 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a gearbox in accordance with the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S) 
     FIGS. 1A-4B demonstrate the preferred motion of a mass launcher or spiral  102 . FIGS. 1A-4B show four positions of spiral  102  with respect to a relatively stationary frame of reference or ground  104 . Because it can be difficult to perceive the motion of spiral  102 , rotating mass  106 , shown in FIGS. 1A,  2 A,  3 A and  4 A, is used to demonstrate the various positions of spiral  102  as it gyrates. The angular position of the spiral  102  shown in FIG. 1B corresponds to the angular position of the rotating mass  106  shown in FIG.  1 A. Likewise, the angular position of the spiral  102  shown in FIG. 2B corresponds to the angular position of the rotating mass  106  shown in FIG.  2 A. This is also true for FIGS. 3A and 3B and for FIGS. 4A and 4B. 
     Referring to FIG. 1A, consider a simple moving member  106  rotating about an axis  110 , with axis  110  being attached to a relatively stationary ground  104 . The moving member  106  is connected to axis  110  by arm  108 . Assuming that axis  110  permits arm  108  to rotate about axis  110 , moving member  106  will in turn rotate about axis  110 . 
     FIG. 1A shows the moving member  106  in the 12:00 o&#39;clock position and FIGS. 2A-4B describe or show the rotation of the moving member in a generally clockwise matter. FIG. 1B shows a mass launcher  102  supported by a plurality of arms  108 . FIG. 1B corresponds to FIG.  1 A and FIG. 1B shows the mass launcher  102  and a 12 o&#39;clock orientation. Mass launcher  102  is shown within ground  104 . Viewing the mass launcher  102  relative to the frame of ground  104 , it is possible to visualize the relative position and the motion of mass launcher  102  with respect to ground  104 . 
     FIG. 2A shows moving member  106  in the 3 o&#39;clock position relative to axis  110  and ground  104 . FIG. 2B corresponds to FIG.  2 A and shows mass launcher  102  in the 3 o&#39;clock position. FIGS. 3A and 3B show the mass launcher in the 6 o&#39;clock position and FIGS. 4A and 4B show the moving member  106  and mass launcher  102  in the 9 o&#39;clock position. 
     Notice that, in this preferred embodiment, mass launcher  102  does not rotate about an axis but rather gyrates relative to ground  104 . In other words mass launcher  102  does not spin about a central axis, but rather mass launcher  102  gyrates relative to ground  104 . The motion of mass launcher  102  can also be described as being an orbital motion. 
     Spiral or mass launcher  102  is preferably comprised of a track with a hollow or U-shaped channel and includes openings or access points at both ends. Mass launcher  102  includes a first end  112  disposed in a central portion of mass launcher  102  and a second end  114  disposed on an outer periphery of mass launcher  102 . Preferably, a mass or projectile (not shown in FIGS. 1A to  4 B) enters the first end  112 . As mass launcher  102  moves in the manner described above, the mass is subjected to various forces and the motion of mass launcher  102  tends to move the mass around the track towards second end  114 . 
     In FIGS. 1A-4B, four arms  108  hold mass launcher  102 . In some embodiments, more arms  108  are used to hold mass launcher  102 , and in other embodiments, less arms  108  are used to support mass launcher  102 . However, it is preferred that more than four arms  108  are used to support mass launcher  102 . 
     Turning to FIG. 5, which shows a schematic top view of a track  202  and two arms, a first arm  204  and a second arm  224 , the relative spacing between first arm  204  and second arm  224  is shown. In this embodiment, first arm  204  includes a first fulcrum  206 , about which first arm  204  rotates. 
     First arm  204  includes a first end  212 ,and associated with first end  212  of first arm  204  is a is first clamp  214 . First clamp  214  is designed to connect first arm  204  with track  202 . The opposite end of arm  204 ; second end  210 , includes a first counterweight  208 . 
     Second arm  224  includes a second fulcrum  226 , about which second arm  224  rotates. Second arm has a first and  232  end a second clamp)  234  associated with the first end  232  of second arm  224 . Second arm also includes a second end  230  with a second counterweight  228  associated with second end  230  of second arm  224 . As shown in the figures, the distance between first fulcrum  206  and second fulcrum  226  is a distance S. The distance from a fulcrum to the first end is a distance L and a distance from the fulcrum to the second end is a distance M. 
     Due to the high rotational speeds and the high stresses imposed on track  202  by the gyrating motion, it is generally desirable to place the clamps associated with the arms as close together as possible on track  202 . In other words, in some embodiments, it is desirable to reduce the local circumferential distance C. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the local circumferential distance C is the distance between a portion of first clamp  214  and a portion of second clamp  234 . 
     One approach to reducing the distance C, which is the local circumferential distance between two successive clamps, is to reduce the distance S, namely, the distance between two adjacent fulcrums. As shown in FIG. 6, if this distance S is reduced too much, an impact or interference could occur. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the distance S is so short that the second end  210  of first arm  204  which includes counterweight  208 , contacts a portion of second arm  224 . 
     FIG. 7 shows an appropriate spacing configuration for first arm  204  and second arm  224 . As shown in FIG. 7, appropriate spacing is achieved by ensuring that the distance S, which is the distance between first fulcrum  206  and second fulcrum  226  is larger than the distance L, which is the distance between a fulcrum and a first end of an arm, and the distance M which is the distance between the second end of an arm and a fulcrum as shown in FIG.  7 . In other words, S must be greater than L plus M. 
     The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 may provide adequate spacing in some applications, however, there may be applications, for example, those applications that require higher gyration speeds, that have higher rates of fire, that require higher muzzle velocities, or that launch more massive projectiles, that require even closer spacing of clamps  214  and  234 . In other words, there may be times when it is important to reduce the distance C to a point where S is less than L+M. The two dimensional embodiment of FIG. 7 does not permit such a spacing. However, the following embodiment does. 
     FIG. 8A shows an isometric view of first arm assembly  302  in accordance of with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. First arm assembly  302  includes an upper arm  304  and a lower arm  306 . The upper arm is connected to an upper shaft  308  by a suitable rotating mechanical coupling. Upper shaft  308  defines a upper fulcrum  314 . Upper arm  304  includes a first end  320  and second end  324 . At first end  320  upper arm  304  is attached to a coupler  318 . Preferably coupler  318  is able to rotate with respect to upper arm  304 . Second end  324  or first arm assembly  302  includes an upper counter weight  312 . 
     Lower arm  306  is preferably structurally similar to upper arm  304 , and in an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, lower arm  306  is a mirror image of upper arm  304 . Lower arm is rotatably mounted with respect to a lower shaft  310 . In some embodiments, lower shaft  310  defines a lower fulcrum  316 . Lower arm  306  rotates about an axis defined by lower fulcrum  316 . Lower arm also includes a first end  322  and a second end  326 . The first end  322  of lower arm  306  is connected to a coupler  318 . Preferably coupler  318  is able to rotate with respect to lower arm  306 . Second end  326  of lower arm  306  includes a lower counter weight  314 . 
     Preferably coupler  318  extends between first end  320  of upper arm  304  and first end  322  of lower arm  306 . Suitable bearings and other mechanical connectors permit coupler  318  to rotate about upper arm  304  and lower arm  306 . Preferably upper fulcrum  314  and lower fulcrum  316  are aligned so that the upper arm  304  and lower arm  306  rotate about a common axis. 
     FIG. 8B shows an enlarged, cross-sectional view of coupler  318 . As previously disclosed, coupler  318  is preferably used to join the upper arm  304  and the lower arm  306  of first arm assembly  302  with clamp  372 . Clamp  372  is used to retain track  374 . Other devices used to hold a track could also be used with coupler  318 . 
     Coupler  318  permits clamp  372  and track  374  to rotate in relation to upper arm  304  and lower arm  306 . Many different arrangements can be used to accomplish this respective rotation. However, the following arrangement is preferred. 
     Preferably, a central shaft  350  is attached to upper arm  304  by upper nut  352 . Preferably, a washer  356  is disposed between upper nut  352  and upper arm  304 . Similarly, the lower portion of shaft  350  is attached to lower arm  306  by lower nut  354 . Preferably, a washer  358  is disposed between lower nut  354  and lower arm  306 . In this arrangement, upper arm  304 , lower arm  306  and shaft  350  are rigidly related and do not rotate with respect to each other. 
     Collar  364  is located between upper arm  304  and lower arm  306  and coaxial with shaft  350 . Collar  364  is attached to clamp  372 , preferably by flange  370 . In order to accommodate rotation between collar  364  and arms  304 ,  306  and shaft  350 , bearings are used. Preferably, needle bearings  366  are disposed between collar  364  and shaft  350 . Any type of bearings could be used, but full length needle bearings  366  that operate within bearing race  368  formed on an interior surface of collar  364  are used. Thrust bearings  360  and  362  are used between collar  364  and upper arm  304  and lower arm  306 , respectively. 
     FIG. 9 shows a top view of upper arm  304 . First a region near first end  320  includes a width  350  and second end  324  includes a region including a width of  352 . Preferably second end  324  is proximate to upper counter weight  312 . While, in some embodiments width  350  may be equal to width  352 , it is preferred that width  350  is smaller than width  352 . In other words, upper arm  304  is tapered toward first end  320 . This taper reduces the rotational mass of the arm and also assists in providing mass balance throughout the life of the arm. 
     FIG. 10 shows a side view of upper arm  304 . As shown in FIG. 10, a region proximate to first end  320  is disposed at a first vertical height  340  and a region proximate to second end  324  is disposed at a second vertical position of  342 . Preferably first vertical position  340  is different than second position  342 . In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 10, second vertical position  342  is vertically above first vertical position  340 . For lower arm  306 , this arrangement would be reversed. In other words, in lower arm  306 , first end  322 , referring to FIG. 8A, would be at a first vertical position while second end  326  of lower arm  306  would be at a second vertical position. For lower arm  306 , first vertical position  326  would be below the vertical position of first end  322 . 
     Another way to define the relative vertical locations for both the upper arm and the lower arm, is to understand that first end  320  and  322  are both in vertical positions which are closer to coupler  318  than second end  324  of upper arm  304  and second end  326  of lower arm  306 . In other words, as clearly shown in FIG. 8A, the first ends are always vertically closer to the coupler than the second ends. 
     FIG. 11 shows an isometric view of another embodiment of a swing arm assembly  1102 . In this embodiment, swing arm assembly  1102  comprises only an upper arm  1104  and does not include a lower arm. First end  1106  of swing arm assembly  1102  is attached to flange  1108  associated with track  1110  by a suitable connection  1112 . Swing arm assembly  1102  also includes a pivot region  1114  that includes a suitable provisions  1116  that permit swing arm assembly  1102  to be connected to and rotate about a generally fixed frame (not shown). Swing arm assembly also includes a second end  1118  that includes a counter weight  1120 . 
     In this embodiment, swing arm assembly  1102  only includes an upper arm  1104  and omits a lower arm. Thus, first end  1106  is disposed in a plane that is fairly close to the plane of gyration of track  1110 . Both pivot region  1114  and second end  1118  are preferably located in a plane that is different than the plane where first end  1106  is located. Preferably pivot region  114  and second end  1118  are in the same plane and preferably, that plane is disposed above the plane where the first end  1106  is located. In order to insure that the first end  1106  and second end  1118  are located in different planes, swing arm assembly  1102  preferably includes an angled region  1122  disposed between first end  1106  and second end  1118 . Angled region  1122  is preferably angled with respect to a horizontal line and serves to vertically space the first end  1106  from the second end  1118 . 
     FIG. 12 shows an isometric view of another embodiment of a swing arm assembly  1202 . In this embodiment, swing arm assembly  1202  comprises only a lower arm  1204  and does not include an upper arm. First end  1206  of swing arm assembly  1202  is attached to flange  1208  associated with track  1210  by a suitable connection  1212 . Swing arm assembly  1202  also includes a pivot region  1214  that includes a suitable provisions  1216  that permit swing arm assembly  1202  to be connected to and rotate about a generally fixed frame (not shown). Swing arm assembly also includes a second end  1218  that includes a counter weight  1220 . 
     In this embodiment, swing arm assembly  1202  only includes a lower arm  1204  and omits an upper arm. Thus, first end  1206  is disposed in a plane that is fairly close to the plane of gyration of track  1210 . Both pivot region  1214  and second end  1218  are preferably located in a plane that is different than the plane where first end  1206  is located. Preferably, pivot region  1214  and second end  1218  are in the same plane and preferably, that plane is disposed below the plane where the first end  1206  is located. In order to insure that the first end  1206  and second end  1218  are located in different planes, swing arm assembly  1202  preferably includes an angled region  1222  disposed between first end  1206  and second end  1218 . Angled region  1222  is preferably angled with respect to a horizontal line and serves to vertically space the first end  1206  from the second end  1218 . 
     FIG. 13 is an isometric view of another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, track  1302  is supported by a series of swing arms. The first swing arm  1304  extends above track  1302 , second swing arm  1306  extends below track  1302 , third swing arm  1308  extends above track  1302  and fourth swing arm  1310  extends below track  1302 . Other swing arms could also be included, preferably, they would continue the pattern established by the first, second, third and fourth swing arms. Generally, as shown in FIG. 13, the swing arms can be disposed in a staggered formation with swing arms alternating above and below track  1302 . This configuration helps to improve packing efficiency and also permits the clamps  1312 ,  1314 ,  1316  and  1318  associated with the first through fourth swing arms, respectively, to be closer to one another along track  1302 . The close spacing helps to support track  1302  more securely. 
     To demonstrate the packaging efficiency achieved by applying the principles of the present invention, FIGS. 14-23 show various positions of two adjacent swing arm assemblies  1402  and  1404 . These swing arm assemblies  1402  and  1404  are similar to the swing arm assembly shown in FIG.  8 A. Both of the swing arm assemblies hold a common track  1406 . First swing arm assembly  1402  has a first end  1410  that includes provisions to engage track  1406  and a second end  1412  opposite first end  1410 . Second end  1412  preferably includes a counter weight. First swing arm assembly  1402  is preferably comprised of an upper arm  1414  and a lower arm  1416 . A fulcrum  1418  is centrally located in the first swing arm assembly  1402 . 
     Preferably, second swing arm assembly  1404  is similar to first swing arm assembly  1402 . Thus, second swing arm assembly  1404  includes a first end  1430  that includes provisions to engage track  1406  and a second end  1432  opposite first end  1430 . Second end  1432  preferably includes a counter weight. Second swing arm assembly  1404  is preferably comprised of an upper arm  1434  and a lower arm  1436 . A fulcrum  1438  is centrally located in the first swing arm assembly  1402 . 
     In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the two swing arm assemblies  1402  and  1404  rotate in a clockwise direction. FIGS. 14 and 15 show the position of the two swing arm assemblies  1402  and  1404  as the second swing arm assembly  1404  is approaching the first swing arm assembly  1402 . 
     FIGS. 16 and 17 show the position of the two swing arms  1402  and  1404  as second swing arm  1404  passes inside the first swing arm assembly  1402 . Because of the design of the swing arm assemblies  1402  and  1404 , specifically, the spacing,  1420  in first swing arm assembly  1402  and  1440  in second swing arm assembly  1404 , between respective upper and lower arms, second swing arm assembly  1404  can pass through first swing arm assembly  1402 . 
     The design of fulcrum  1418  also provides clearance for second arm assembly  1404 . Fulcrum  1418  preferably does not include an interior axle or shaft. Preferably, first arm assembly  1402  is mounted by the use of two exterior half shafts  1422  and  1424 . These half shafts  1422  and  1424  are attached to respective upper  1414  and lower  1416  arms and do not intrude into the interior space  1420  of first arm assembly  1402 . This design permits second arm assembly  1404  to enter deeper into interior space  1420  of first arm assembly  1402 . 
     Referring to FIG. 17, the reduction in S and the corresponding reduction in C can be observed. Recall that S is the distance between successive fulcrums. In the example shown in FIG. 17, S is the distance between first fulcrum  1418  and second fulcrum  1438 . First arm assembly  1402  has a distance L 1  from first end  1410  to fulcrum  1418  and first arm assembly  1402  has a distance M from fulcrum  1418  to second end  1412 . The entire length of first arm assembly  1402  can be expressed as L+M. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the distance S is greater than L+M, however, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the distance S is noticeably less than L+M. This is because, as shown in FIG. 16 and 18, second arm assembly  1404  can enter and rotate within first arm assembly  1402 . 
     FIGS. 18-23 show other angular positions of first arm assembly  1402  and second arm assembly  1404 . FIGS. 18 and 19 show a position just before first arm assembly  1402  enters second arm assembly  1404 . FIGS. 20 and 21 show a position where first arm assembly  1402  is nested inside second arm assembly  1404  and FIGS. 22 and 23 show first arm assembly  1402  moving away from second arm assembly  1404 . 
     The various positions shown in FIGS. 14-23 demonstrate the ability of the first arm assembly  1402  and the second arm assembly  1404  to pass inside of one another. First end  1410  of first arm assembly  1402  can pass inside and through second arm assembly  1404  and first end  1430  of second swing arm assembly  1404  can pass inside and through first arm assembly  1402 . 
     In this way, the distance between the arms S (see FIG. 17) can be reduced, thus reducing the distance C, which is the distance between first end  1410  of first arm assembly  1402  and first end  1430  of second arm assembly  1404 . The distance C is also related to the distance between the provisions used to attach first and second arm assemblies to track  1406 . So, by reducing the distance between arms, it is possible to reduce the distance between supports for track  1406  and increase the density of supports for track  1406 . In this case, density referring to the number of supports per unit length of track. Increasing the density of supports allows the track to withstand higher loads and forces. This, in turn, allows the track to move at greater rates of gyration. 
     FIG. 24 shows a preferred embodiment of a cantilever module  2400  in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Cantilever module  2400  includes a base  2402 , base tower  2404 , and a bracket  2406 . Tower  2404  is disposed between base  2402  and bracket  2406 . Preferably, tower  2404  includes a motor  2408  that is connected to a gear box  2410 . Preferably a swing arm assembly  2412  is mounted to bracket  2406  in a manner that permits swing arm assembly  2412  to rotate with respect to bracket  2406 . Preferably gear box  2410  is connected to swing arm assembly  2412  and can rotate swing arm assembly  2412 . Swing arm  2412  is connected to track  2414  in a manner that permits swing arm assembly  2412  to move track  2414  in the manner described above. 
     Using this arrangement, motor  2408  turns an output shaft (not shown) that engages gearbox  2410 . The output of motor  2408  is modified either in direction or angular rotation rate or both and the output of gearbox  2410  is used to rotate swing arm assembly  2412 . Cantilever module  2400  is preferably modular and more than one module can be used to support track  2414 . 
     FIG. 25 shows a preferred embodiment of a second module  2500  in accordance with the present invention. Second module  2500  includes a base  2502 , a tower  2504  that houses a motor  2508  and a gear box  2510 . Output from motor  2508  engages gearbox  2510  and the output of gearbox  2510  is used to drive the rotation of swing arm assembly  2512 . Tower  2504  is connected to a bracket, 2506 . Bracket  2506  includes provisions that permit a swing arm assembly  2512  to rotate within bracket  2506 . Swing arm assembly  2512  is also connected to a track  2514  and is connected to track  2514  in a manner that permits the track  2514  to assume a gyrating motion, as discussed above. Preferably more than one of these second modules are used to assist tract  2514  in assuming the gyrating motion. 
     FIG. 26 shows an embodiment where a plurality of cantilever modules are used to retain and gyrate track  2414  and FIG. 27 shows an embodiment where a plurality of second modules are used to retain and gyrate track  2514 . 
     Referring to FIGS. 26 and 27, the preferred method of laying out the various modules is as follows. A first module  2602  or  2702  is placed in a location that facilitates the swing arm  2604  and  2704 , respectively, associated with the first module  2602  and  2702  to connect with track  2414  and  2515 , respectively. After the first module  2602  and  2702  is placed, the second module  2606  and  2706  is placed so that second arm  2608  and  2708 , respectively, associated with the second module  2606  and  2706  can both connect to track  2414  and  2514  and the second arm  2608  and  2708  can assume an orientation parallel with first arm  2604  and  2704 . The third module  2610  and  2710  is also placed so that third arm  2612  and  2712  can connect to track  2414  and  2514  and assume an orientation parallel to both the first and second arms. This process continues until all of the modules are placed in convenient locations where all of the arms can connect to track  2414  and  2514  and all of the arms can be parallel with one another. 
     The various modules use their associated motors and gearboxes to deliver a rotary drive to their associated swing arm assemblies. Preferably, the motors are coordinated so that track  2414  or track  2514  moves in a gyrating manner, as discussed above. In this way, as projectiles are fed into track  2414  or  2514 , the projectiles move along the track and are launched by the apparatus. 
     FIGS. 28-30 show various designs of track  2414  or track  2514 . As shown in FIG. 28, the track  2600  can be an enclosed tube with projectiles moving through the hollow center  2602  of tube  2600 . The track can also be a slotted tube  2700 , as shown in FIG.  29 . Slotted tube  2700  can include slots  2702  that permit the escape of air, thus reducing air drag and resistance on the projectile. Preferably, slots  2702  are formed on the inner curve of the track. In other words, slots  2702  are disposed in a region away from the path of contact between the projectile and the track. 
     FIG. 30 shows another embodiment of a track  2800 . Track  2800  is designed as an open channel  2802 . Preferably, open channel  2802  resembles a U-shaped channel. Track  2800  includes provisions to hold and move track  2800 . Preferably, supports  2804  are used to hold track  2800 . Preferably, support  2804  includes two flanges, an upper flange  2908  and a lower flange  2910 . 
     FIG. 31 shows a preferred arrangement to associate a track, which could be either tube  2600 , slotted tube  2700 , or channel  2800  (see FIG. 30) with a swing arm assembly. Preferably, clamp or support  2900  is used to hold tube  2600  or  2700 . FIGS. 8A and 8B show an embodiment of a clamp  372  (see FIG.  8 B). In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, clamp or support  2900  is formed as a flange  2908  extending from the track. Preferably, clamp or support  2900  is tapered and includes a thicker central portion  2902  and thinner end portions  2904 . In the context of this feature, the terms “thicker” and “thinner” can refer to thickness in the local radial direction (as shown in FIG. 31) or thickness in the axial direction. This is done to reduce parasitic mass. One or more flanges  2908  can be used. In an exemplary embodiment, shown in FIG. 30, two flanges, an upper flange  2908  and a lower flange  2910  are used. 
     Clamp or support  2900  can also include suitable provisions to associate with a swing arm (not shown in FIG.  31 ). In a preferred embodiment, those provisions could be an aperture  2906  disposed on the thicker central portion  2902 . The aperture  2906  preferably is configured to receive a suitable coupler  318  (see FIG.  8 A). 
     The track can also be designed as a channel  2800 , as shown in FIG.  30 . The channel  2800  can assume may different shapes, however, a U-shape, as shown in cross-section  2802  is preferred. Channel  2800  also preferably includes provisions that permit a swing arm assembly from retaining and holding channel  2800 . Preferably, these provisions include at least one flange  2804  that is attached to channel  2800  and also provides a convenient mounting point for the swing arm assembly. 
     In order to load the apparatus with projectiles, a feed system is preferably used. Referring to FIG. 32, which shows a schematic diagram of a preferred feed mechanism  3200 , the feed mechanism  3200  preferably includes a feed inlet  3202  and a rotating feed tube  3204 . Rotating feed tube  3204  has a first end  3206  that is in flow communication with feed inlet  3202  and serves as the inlet and accepts projectiles or masses from feed inlet  3202 . Second end  3208  is in flow communication with track  3210  and serves as an outlet, with projectiles or masses exiting second end  3208  and entering track  3210 . 
     Preferably, feed inlet  3202  is stationary relative to track  3210 . To accommodate the relative motion between stationary feed inlet  3202  and moving track  3210 , a first pivot or rotating collar  3212  is provided between feed inlet  3202  and first end  3206  of rotating feed tube  3204  and a second pivot or rotating collar  3214  is provided between the second end  3208  of rotating feed tube  3204  and track  3210 . 
     Because of the gyrating motion of track  3210 , first end  3220  of track  3210  moves in a simple circular path  3222 . Preferably, feed inlet  3202  is oriented vertically and projectiles are loaded into rotating feed tube  3204  from feed inlet  3202 . In some embodiments, the projectiles are dropped into rotating feed tube  3204  and in other embodiments, the projectiles are punched into feed tube  3204  by an appropriate actuator (not shown). The actuator is used to insure proper delivery of the projectile into feed tube  3204  and to insure proper progression of the projectile from feed tube  3204  into track  3210 . 
     Preferably, rotating feed tube  3204  rotates about feed inlet  3202 . This rotation can be accomplished by a drive system or rotating feed tube  3204  can be rotated passively by the gyrating motion of track  3210 . 
     Preferably, an inlet region  3224 , proximate the first end  3220  of track  3210 , is bent towards rotating feed tube  3204 . Inlet region  3224  can also be strengthened to accommodate the additional stresses and forces imposed on it. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, inlet region  3224  is strengthened by a thicker wall thickness than other regions of track  3210 . 
     As projectiles are dropped into rotating feed tube  3204 , their motion transitions from a vertical motion to a rotating motion until they enter track  3210 , after which, the projectiles acquire a gyrating motion and are eventually launched from track  3210 . 
     FIG. 33 shows an alternative embodiment of a feed mechanism  3300  according to the present invention. In this embodiment, projectiles are fed from a conveyor system  3304  towards an actuator (see FIG.  34 ). The actuator moves the projectile  3302  upwards into rotating feed tube  3306 . The projectile  3302  eventually makes its way into transition tube  3308 , which is designed to move with track  3310  and is in flow communication with both rotating tube  3306  and track  3310 . The projectile exits transition tube  3308  and enters track  3310  where the projectile is gyrated and is eventually launched by track  3310 . 
     FIG. 34 shows an enlarged isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a drive system for feed mechanism  3300 . Feed mechanism preferably includes an actuator  3402  that is designed to move projectiles towards rotating feed tube  3306 . Feed mechanism  3300  also includes a motor  3404  and a gear box  3406 . Power from motor  3404  is sent to gear box  3406  which is carefully designed to select the appropriate gear ratio, output from gear box  3406  turns drive link  3408  at a predetermined rotational speed. Preferably, this speed is selected so that second end  3312  of rotating feed tube  3306  corresponds to the gyrating motion of track  3410 . 
     FIG. 35 shows another embodiment of a feed mechanism  3500 . In this embodiment, projectile conveyor  3502  is disposed above inlet tube  3504  and above rotating feed tube  3506 . Preferably, a stand  3508  is used to restrain the motion of inlet tube  3504  and the first end  3510  of rotating feed tube  3506 . A rotating bearing  3512  rotates within an internal bearing race  3514  and drives the rotation of the second end  3516  of rotating feed tube  3506 . Preferably, suitable rotating collars (not shown) are provided at both ends of rotating feed tube  3506  to permit rotating feed tube  3506  to rotate. Similar to the other embodiments of feed mechanisms, second end  3516  is preferably in flow communication with an inlet end of track  3518 . 
     FIGS. 36 and 37 show another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 36 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention and FIG. 37 is an isometric view with a portion of an enclosure removed. In this embodiment, a housing  3600  encloses spiral track  3602  (see FIG. 37) a vacuum device  3604  is used in conjunction with housing  3600  to remove air from inside housing  3600 . This is done to reduce air drag on spiral tack  3602  and all of the other moving components of the mass moving apparatus. A vacuum environment inside the enclosure is desirable since the swing speed with which the swing arm assemblies swing the tube can be supersonic, atmospheric drag can impose considerable forces on the rotating members of the apparatus. 
     Preferably, vacuum device  3604  is a fan, blower, pump or vacuum pump and causes a pressure difference between the interior of housing  3600  and ambient atmospheric conditions  3606 . Preferably, vacuum device  3604  acts to remove air and subsequently air pressure from inside housing  3600 . 
     Enclosure  3600  also includes an outlet orifice  3608 . Projectiles are launched out of orifice  3608 . It is desirable to maintain the pressure difference at orifice  3608 . An attractive method to assist in maintaining the pressure difference is to provide a “Windowless Interface” between the vacuum and the outside air by using a wall-stabilized discharge inside orifice  3608 . There is scientific literature (theory and experiments) in which such a Plasma Discharge acts as such a “Windowless Interface” (experiments show even as good as˜10 torr on the vacuum side). Due to its high temperature, the plasma discharge has enough pressure to hold out the atmosphere, but has only a very small particle number density compatible with the vacuum. Solid Projectiles could pass through the discharge window without encountering any solid mass. Preferably, in order to assist in maintaining the pressure difference between the interior portion of housing  3600  and ambient atmospheric conditions, a plasma window  3610  is established on orifice  3608 . 
     Details of plasma gates can be found in A. I. Hershcovitch et al, “The Plasma Window: A Windowless High Pressure-Vacuum Interface for Various Accelerator Applications,” Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference, N. York, 1999, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     For some applications it may be desirable to use one or a few large motors to power the rotational motion of the swing arms. A preferred embodiment is shown in FIGS. 38-40. FIG. 38 shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of an arrangement of swing arms  3802 . Swing arms  3802  include a first end  3810  and a second end  3812 . First ends  3810  of swing arms  3802  are used to hold a track  3806  and second ends  3812  of swing arms  3802  are attached to a common frame  3804 . 
     Motion of frame  3804  can be used to induce motion of swing arms  3802 , which can, in turn, induce motion of track  3806 . Motion of frame  3804  can be either circular or oscillating linear motion. 
     FIG. 39 shows an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a drive plate embodiment. In this embodiment, a drive plate  3902  is used to retain a series of swing arms  3904 , and swing arms  3904  support a spiral track  3906 . Preferably, swing arm counterweights are either reduced or removed. Drive plate  3902 , also referred to as a frame, is associated with a mount  3908  by one or more bearing surfaces  3910 . Bearing surfaces  3910  permit drive plate  3902  to move relative to mount  3908 . Bearing surfaces  3910  can include magnetic levitation, air bearings, mechanical cams, mechanical linkages, elastomeric bearings or any other bearing that would permit relative motion between drive plate  3902  and mount  3908 . 
     Drive plate  3902  is preferably driven by a motor  3912 . Preferably, motor  3912  is also mounted on mount  3908  and preferably, motor  3912  is connected to drive plate  3902  by a driveshaft  3914 . Motor  3912  includes a rotary shaft output. In order to convert this rotational motion to circular motion, one or more gear boxes  4002  (see FIG. 40) are used. Preferably, gear boxes  4002  are mounted on mount  3908  and are disposed beneath drive plate  3902 . As shown in FIGS. 40 and 41, gear boxes  4002  preferably receive a rotating shaft input  3914  and then direct the rotating shaft 90° upwards. Preferably, a cam  4004  accepts the output  4008  of gear box  4002 . Cam  4004  preferably includes an offset pin  4006  designed to move drive plate  3902  in a circular, orbiting motion. Offset pin  4006  is preferably received in corresponding holes  4010  disposed in drive plate  3902 . Suitable bearings are disposed either on offset pin  4006  or in holes  4010  to permit relative rotation between offset pin  4006  and drive plate  3902 . 
     In some embodiments, structures similar to gearbox  4002 , cam  4004  and offset pin  4006  can be used as bearing surfaces  3910  to provide additional support to drive plate  3902  while, at the same time, permitting relative motion between drive plate  3902  and mount  3908 . 
     If more than one gear box is used, a connecting shaft  4012  is used to transmit rotational power from one gear box to another. Connecting shaft  4012  can be either monolithic or separate shafts. 
     The foregoing disclosure of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many variations and modifications of the embodiments described herein will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the above disclosure. The scope of the invention is to be defined only by the claims appended hereto, and by their equivalents. 
     Further, in describing representative embodiments of the present invention, the specification may have presented the method and/or process of the present invention as a particular sequence of steps. However, to the extent that the method or process does not rely on the particular order of steps set forth herein, the method or process should not be limited to the particular sequence of steps described. As one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate, other sequences of steps may be possible. Therefore, the particular order of the steps set forth in the specification should not be construed as limitations on the claims. In addition, the claims directed to the method and/or process of the present invention should not be limited to the performance of their steps in the order written, and one skilled in the art can readily appreciate that the sequences may be varied and still remain within the spirit and scope of the present invention.