Patent Publication Number: US-2023150444-A1

Title: Electronic Component With Ground Coding for a Motor Vehicle

Description:
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY 
     The present invention relates to an electronic component with ground coding for a motor vehicle. 
     In many cases, several identically constructed electrical or electronic components are installed in a motor vehicle. Examples of such electronic components are radar sensors which are fitted at several positions on or in the vicinity of a front bumper and/or on or in the vicinity of a rear bumper, seat modules for electrically adjusting the seats of the motor vehicle, seat heating control devices, seat pneumatic modules, back seat monitors, wireless charging trays, etc. In order to be able to determine the position of respective identically constructed electrical or electronic components in the motor vehicle so as to actuate them by way of a central control device, the principle of so-called ground coding is used. 
     In ground coding, in addition to a primary ground of the electrical or electronic component, further ground connections are connected to one another via a cable harness. For this purpose, a cable harness which makes electrical contact with the components has a so-called welded connector which electrically connects various ground lines to one another, e.g. by way of an ultrasonic welded connection. A respectively new position of the electrical or electronic component in the motor vehicle can occur by selectively making contact with different ground connections of the component, whereby an evaluation circuit is used to determine to which of the ground connections a ground line of the cable harness is connected. For this purpose, the evaluation circuit generally has an analog-to-digital converter which, for the ground coding, samples a reference voltage produced within the component. On the basis of the values measured for each ground connection, the variant and thus the position of the electrical or electronic component in the motor vehicle can then be determined. 
     The principle of the position detection via ground coding is explained with the aid of  FIG.  1    in which  FIGS.  1   a  to  1   d    each illustrate an identically constructed electronic component  10  which by way of example has three ground connections  11 - 13  with which contact is made in different ways via a differently designed cable harness  50 . The electronic component  10  comprises, in addition to the ground connections referred to as external ground connections  11 - 13 , respectively assigned internal ground connections  21 - 23 . To simplify the illustration, an evaluation circuit required for evaluating the ground coding and further functional components of the electronic component  10  are not illustrated. As can be easily seen from  FIG.  1   , a respective external ground connection  11 - 13  is directly connected to an assigned internal ground connection  21 - 23 . The internal ground connection  21  constitutes a so-called primary ground or vehicle ground here. The other ground connections  22 ,  23  constitute a ground connected to the primary ground  21  and are referred to as coding ground, the ground connection not being explicitly illustrated in the figure. 
     The cable harness  50  is designed individually for each coding of the electronic component  10 . In the variant illustrated in  FIG.  1   a   , the cable harness  50  comprises a ground line  51 , in the variant illustrated in  FIGS.  1   b  and  1   d   , the cable harness  50  comprises, in addition to a collector line  55 , two ground lines  51  and  52  or  51  and  53 , respectively. In the variant illustrated in  FIG.  1   c   , the cable harness  50  comprises, in addition to the collector line  55 , three ground lines  51 ,  52  and  53 . The respective ground lines  51  and  52  ( FIG.  1   b   ),  51 - 53  ( FIG.  1   c   ) and  51  and  53  ( FIG.  1   d   ) for the four identically constructed components  10  are each electrically connected to the collector line  55  via a welded connector  54 . The welded connector  54  can, for example, be produced by ultrasonic welding and is then referred to as an ultrasonic welded connector. The welded connector  54  here is generally designed as a so-called end connector over which a heat-shrink cap or heat-shrink tubing, in each case with an inner adhesive, is heat shrunk. A cover and back-connection for the strain relief of the welded connection are not illustrated in the schematic illustration. 
     As can be easily seen from the various variants in  FIGS.  1   a  to  1   d   , contact is made with the external ground connections  11 - 13  in different ways by the cable harness  50 . In all four variants, the ground line  51  is coupled to the external ground connection  11  of the primary ground. By way of the additional two coding grounds, four different coding variants are produced in total, wherein in the variant according to  FIG.  1   b    the external ground connection  12  is connected to the ground line  52 , in the variant according to  FIG.  1   c    the external connections  12 ,  13  are connected to the ground lines  52 ,  53  and in the variant according to  FIG.  1   d    the external ground connection  13  is connected to the ground line  53 . The variant according to  FIG.  1   a    does without any explicit coding here. 
     By way of these variants in making contact, a component position can be defined in each case. The respective variant is determined in that, in the electronic component  10 , a reference voltage is applied to the internal ground connections  21 - 23  and is sampled via an A/D converter of the evaluation circuit which is not illustrated. If the external ground connection that is to be read is connected to reference potential via a ground line of the cable harness, the reference voltage breaks down and a very small value is measured at the output of the A/D converter. If the external ground connection that is to be read is not connected to a ground line of the cable harness, the reference voltage remains unchanged and a large value corresponding to the reference voltage is measured at the output of the A/D converter. On the basis of the values measured for the respective external and thus internal ground connections, the variant and thus the position can then be determined. 
     For the position detection, ground lines of the cable harness must therefore be connected to the welded connector already mentioned (sometimes also referred to as welded node) individually for each of the identically constructed components for each ground connection, with which contact is to be made, of the component. In order to seal the welded connector against moisture and longitudinal water, it is necessary to provide the welded connector with a heat-shrink cap or heat-shrink tubing, in each case with an inner adhesive. In order to realize strain relief for the welded line strand of the cable harness, back-connection and covering are required. 
     Depending on how many different positions have to be coded by means of the ground coding, the number of additional lines can be substantial. The additional ground lines to the welded connector, the welded connector itself including its heat-shrink cap provided for sealing and the strain relief add bulk over the entire length in the cable harness diameter which can lead to problems with space. The material for the ground lines and for the longitudinal water sealing cause weight and cost in the cable harness for each electrical or electronic component that is to be installed with position detection via ground coding. 
     These problems are aggravated in particular in that fully automated cable harness manufacturing, which comprises welded connectors, is not yet possible. For a solution that is suitable for automation, either expensive connector plugs must thus be used instead of the welded connector, or alternatively, direct wiring between the electrical or electronic component and a ground node, e.g. a joint connector, can be performed. This also requires additional modifications and in particular the provision of relatively large ground joint connectors. 
     The object of the invention is to specify an electronic component with which the ground coding for a motor vehicle can be structurally and/or functionally improved. 
     This object is achieved by an electronic component according to the features of claim  1  and a motor vehicle according to the features of claim  12  having an electronic component according to the invention. Advantageous configurations are specified in the dependent claims. 
     An electronic component with ground coding for a motor vehicle is proposed. Hereinbelow, an electronic component with ground coding is understood to mean an electrical or electronic component of the kind of which several of identical construction are intended to be installed in a motor vehicle. Such a component can, for example, be a radar sensor, a seating module for electrically adjusting a motor vehicle seat, a seat heating control device, a seat pneumatic module, a back seat monitor or a tray for wirelessly charging a user device. The list is to be considered as exemplary but not exhaustive. A plurality of the electronic components with ground coding are installed at different positions in the vehicle in each case. 
     In order to enable actuation of the electronic component in the correct position or processing of the signals delivered from the electronic component in the correct position, a respective electronic component, when it is installed in the motor vehicle, is identified via the ground coding. For this purpose, the electronic component comprises a plurality of external ground connections for selectively connecting to a cable harness of the motor vehicle and a plurality of internal ground connections. Each internal ground connection is electrically coupled to an assigned external ground connection so that the potential present at a respective internal ground connection corresponds to the potential present at the assigned external ground connection. The external ground connections can, for example, be designed as pins for producing a plug connection. 
     An evaluation circuit of the electronic component, which circuit is coupled to the internal ground connections, is designed to determine at which first subset of the internal ground connections first signal information representing a reference potential as a first potential is present and at which second subset of the internal ground connections second signal information representing a supply voltage potential as a second potential is present in order to infer a coding of the component from the pattern of the internal ground connections supplied with the first and the second potential. This coding can be transmitted, e.g., to a central control device. 
     The way in which the evaluation circuit is designed is irrelevant for the principle of the present invention. For example, the evaluation circuit can comprise an analog-to-digital converter (A/D converter) which applies a reference voltage produced or present in the electronic component to the internal ground connections and samples the potential present at the internal ground connections. The evaluation and determination of the pattern of the internal ground connections supplied with the first and second potential, in order to infer the coding of the component, can be carried out once during the production of the vehicle or during each restart of the vehicle or at regular intervals. 
     The electronic component further comprises a combination circuit which connects the plurality of internal ground connections to the plurality of external ground connections in such a way that, when a (precisely one) ground line of a cable harness is connected to precisely one of the external ground connections, the first signal information is present at a respectively different first subset of the internal ground connections in a predetermined manner depending on which of the external ground connections the ground line is connected to. 
     With the electronic component according to the invention, the position of identically constructed electronic components in a motor vehicle can be reliably determined using only a single connected ground line. As a result, welded connectors including longitudinal water sealing can be eliminated for the position detection. This allows the cable harness to be provided significantly more easily, with less weight and at lower cost. 
     An expedient configuration provides that the plurality of external ground connections and the plurality of internal ground connections each comprise at least two ground connections. In particular, a first ground connection of the internal ground connections is connected to a primary ground, in particular to a terminal, of the motor vehicle, while all the other ground connections of the internal ground connections are connected to a respective coding ground. A respective coding ground is a ground connected to the primary ground. The invention makes it possible to arrange the first ground connection of the internal ground connections and thus the assigned external ground connection in the main current path of the motor vehicle, as a result of which the described solution can also be used for high-current applications, such as those provided in electrified motor vehicles. 
     According to a further expedient configuration, the number of external ground connections is defined by the required number of codings. The number n of the codings is determined from the number CM of the coding grounds according to the formula: n=2 CM . This means that, in the case of three external ground connections (i.e. a primary ground and two coding grounds (CM=2)), four different positions of the electronic component can be coded. In the case of eight external ground connections, for example, eight different positions can be coded in total. 
     A further expedient configuration provides that the combination circuit comprises a number of logic chips which connect the plurality of internal ground connections to the plurality of external ground connections. The logic chips can be interconnected in one or at least two cascade stages here. 
     A further expedient configuration provides that the logic chips of that cascade stage which are respectively connected to an external ground connection on the output side are respectively connected directly to the first ground connection of the internal ground connections on the input side. As a result, it is ensured that the primary ground is connected to the ground line of the cable harness in every case irrespective of which of the external ground connections the ground line of the cable harness is connected to. 
     In principle, any logic chip or semiconductor component which permits only a unidirectional current flow can be used as logic chips. Different types of logic chips or semiconductor components can be combined with each other in any desired way here. In particular, the logic chips of the combination circuit are of one or more of the following types: AND gates, NOT gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, XOR gates or XNOR gates. As unidirectional semiconductor components, use can be made of transistors and/or diodes, which then also constitute logic chips in the sense of the invention. 
     The electronic component or the combination of internal ground connections, evaluation circuit and combination circuit can optionally be designed as an IC chip or as a discrete circuit on a carrier. In both variants, mass production at low cost is possible. 
     According to a further aspect of the present invention, a motor vehicle having a plurality of electronic components as described above is described, which components are each designed according to one or more embodiments. The plurality of electronic components are then, as described, arranged at different positions in the motor vehicle. 
     A motor vehicle of this kind has the advantage of a simplified cable harness which in particular no longer requires welded connectors for the components according to the invention. As a result, the cable harness can be provided with less weight and at lower cost. 
     The invention is described in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in the drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS.  1   a ,  1   b ,  1   c , and  1   d    each show a conventional electronic component which is designed for position detection via ground coding; 
         FIGS.  2   a ,  2   b ,  2   c , and  2   d    each show an electronic component according to the invention with which position detection via ground coding using a single ground line is made possible; 
         FIG.  3    shows an electronic component according to the invention with a combination circuit according to a first design variant for eight different codings in total; and 
         FIG.  4    shows an electronic component according to the invention with a combination circuit according to a second design variant for eight different codings in total. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In all of the figures, identical elements are provided with identical reference signs. For reasons of simplification and improved illustration, only the components which are essential for understanding the invention are illustrated. 
       FIGS.  2   a  to  2   d    each show an identically constructed electronic component  10  according to the invention with which position detection via ground coding is realized by means of a combination circuit  30 . The electronic component  10  shown in  FIGS.  2   a  to  2   d    has by way of example, as in the already described example in  FIGS.  1   a    to  1   d,  four external ground connections  11 - 14 . A number of three internal ground connections  21 - 23  are assigned to the four external ground connections  11 - 14 . The (first) ground connection  21 , provided with the reference sign  21 , of the internal ground connections  21 - 23  forms a primary ground which is connected to a terminal (not shown) of the motor vehicle. In a known way, the terminal constitutes the negative line directly from the battery or vehicle ground of the motor vehicle. The other ground connections  22 ,  23  of the internal ground connections  21 - 23  are connected to a respective coding ground, which is not explicitly illustrated. A respective coding ground is a ground connected to the primary ground. 
     The evaluation circuit described at the outset for determining at which first subset of the internal ground connections  21 - 23  a reference potential as a first potential is present and at which second subset of the internal ground connections  21 - 23  second information representing a supply voltage potential as a second potential is present is not illustrated for the sake of simplicity. As described at the outset, a coding of the respective electronic component  10  and thus its positioning in the motor vehicle is inferred from the pattern of the internal ground connections  21 - 23  supplied with the first and the second potential. The sum of the first and second subset of the internal ground connections  21 - 23  corresponds to the total number of the internal ground connections  21 - 23 . 
     The identically constructed electronic components  10  according to the invention according to  FIGS.  2   a  to  2   d    comprise a combination circuit  30 . The combination circuit  30  is designed to connect the plurality of internal ground connections  21 - 23  to the plurality of external ground connections  11 - 14  in such a way that, when a ground line  51  of the cable harness is connected to precisely one of the external ground connections ( 11  in  FIG.  2   a   ,  12  in  FIG.  2   b   ,  13  in  FIG.  2   c    or  14  in  FIG.  2   d   ), the first signal information, e.g. reference potential, is present at a respective different first subset of the internal ground connections  21 - 23  in a predetermined manner depending on which of the external ground connections  11 - 14  the ground line  51  of the cable harness is connected to. 
     For this purpose, the combination circuit  30  has a number of logic chips  31 ,  41 - 43  which are interconnected in cascading fashion. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated here, the logic chips  31 ,  41 - 43  are designed as AND gates. The logic chips  31 ,  41 - 43  could alternatively also be designed as NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR or XNOR gates. The logic chips could likewise be formed by semiconductor switching elements, in particular transistors or diodes. It is clear to a person skilled in the art that the combination circuit  30  can comprise any desired combination of different logic chips here. The exemplary embodiment according to  FIGS.  2   a  to  2   d    must then be correspondingly adapted. 
     In the case of the electronic component  10  shown in  FIGS.  2   a  to  2   d   , four different codings are possible in total. The number of the different codings results from the number of the external ground connections  11 - 14  and of the internal ground connections  21 - 23 . The number n of the codings is determined from the number CM of the coding grounds (in the exemplary embodiment according to  FIGS.  2   a  to  2   d   : 2) as: n=2 CM =4. This results from the circumstance that the primary ground (which is connected to the ground connections  11  and  21 , respectively) is routed to each of the external ground connections  11 - 14 . The logic chips  41  to  43  are thus those logic chips which are connected to the external ground connections  12 - 13  on the output side. On the input side, the logic chips  41 - 43  are each connected directly to the first ground connection  21  of the internal ground connections  21 - 23 . The second input connection of the logic chip  41  is connected to the coding ground  22  (i.e. to the internal ground connection  22 ). The second input connection of the logic chip  43  is connected to the coding ground  23  (i.e. to the internal ground connection  23 ). The logic chip  31  is connected to the second input connection of the logic chip  42  on the output side. The two inputs of the logic chip  31  are connected to the coding ground  22  (i.e. to the internal ground connection  22 ) and to the coding ground  23  (i.e. to the internal connection  23 ), respectively. 
     These configurations result in four different coding variants in total. 
     If the ground line  51  of the cable harness  50  is connected to the external ground connection  11 , as illustrated in  FIG.  2   a   , a current from a current or voltage source (not illustrated) of the electronic component  10  can flow from the primary ground  21  into the ground line  51  via the external ground connection  11 . In contrast, a current flow via the coding grounds  22 ,  23  is not possible since the combination circuit  30  allows no coupling between the coding grounds  22 ,  23  and the external ground connection  11 . The evaluating A/D converter of the evaluation circuit then detects a small value at the internal ground connection  21 , while a high value is present at the internal ground connection  22 ,  23 , caused by the supply voltage. 
     If the ground line  51  of the cable harness  50  is connected to the external ground connection  12 , as illustrated in  FIG.  2   b   , a current from a current or voltage source (not illustrated) of the electronic component  10  can flow both from the primary ground  21  and from the coding ground  22  into the ground line  51  via the external ground connection  12 . In contrast, a current flow via the coding ground  23  is not possible since the combination circuit  30  allows no coupling between the coding ground  23  and the external ground connection  12 . The evaluating A/D converter of the evaluation circuit then detects a small value at the internal ground connections  21 ,  22 , while a high value is present at the internal ground connection  23 , caused by the supply voltage. 
     The electronic component  10  according to  FIG.  2   c    is connected to the ground line  51  of the cable harness  50  via its external ground connection  13 . Due to the interconnection in the combination circuit  30 , a current flow via the primary ground  21  and the two coding grounds  22 ,  23  is made possible when a supply voltage is set at the internal ground connections  21 - 23  via the evaluation circuit which is not illustrated. At all three internal ground connections  21 - 23 , a very small value is thus measured at the evaluating A/D converter of the evaluation circuit since a connection to the reference potential of the cable harness  50  is present. 
     In the case of the electronic component  10  shown in  FIG.  2   d   , which is connected to the ground line  51  of the cable harness  50  at the external ground connection  14 , a current flows via the primary ground  21  and the coding ground  23  when a supply voltage is set at all three internal ground connections  21 - 23  via the evaluation circuit which is not illustrated. At the internal ground connections  21 ,  23 , the evaluating A/D converter of the evaluation circuit then detects a small value while a high value is present at the internal ground connection  22 , caused by the supply voltage. 
       FIG.  3    shows a further exemplary embodiment of an electronic component  10  according to the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, the electronic component  10  comprises a combination circuit  30  which connects four internal ground connections  21 - 24  to eight external ground connections  11 - 18 . For this purpose, the combination circuit  30  comprises, arranged in cascaded fashion, logic chips  31 - 33  in a first cascade stage, a logic chip  34  in a second cascade stage and logic chips  41 - 47  in a final cascade stage connected to the external ground connections  11 - 18 . As in the preceding exemplary embodiment, the first input connection of each of the logic chips  41 - 47  is connected, on the input side, directly to the first ground connection  21  of the internal ground connections  21 - 24 , which constitutes the primary ground. In this example, the electronic component  10  thus has three (3) coding grounds CM, as a result of which n=2 3 =8 different codings are produced, which corresponds to the number of the external ground connections  11 - 18 . 
     The logic chip  31  is connected, on the input side, to the coding grounds  22 ,  23  and, on the output side, to the second input connection of the logic chip  42 , which in turn is connected to the external ground connection  13 . The logic chip  32  is connected, on the input side, to the coding grounds  23  and  24  and, on the output side, to the second input connection of the logic chip  44 , which is connected to the external ground connection  15  on the output side. The logic chip  33  is connected, on the input side, to the two coding grounds  22 ,  24  and, on the output side, to the logic chip  47 , which is connected to the external ground connection  18  on the output side. The second input connections of the logic chips  41 ,  43  and  45  are connected directly to the coding grounds  22 ,  23 ,  24 , respectively. On the output side, the logic chips  41 ,  43 ,  45  are connected to the external ground connections  12 ,  14 ,  16 . The logic chip  34  of the second cascade stage is connected, on the input side, to the output of the logic chip  31  and to the coding ground  24  and, on the output side, to the second input connection of the logic chip  46 , which is connected to the external ground connection  17  on the output side. 
     In this exemplary embodiment, too, the logic chips  31 - 33 ,  34 ,  41 - 47  are designed as AND gates. As explained above, other logic chips could also be used in the combination circuit  30 . Gates of different types could also be connected to one another in the combination circuit  30  here. 
       FIG.  4    shows a further exemplary embodiment, in which the logic gates described in  FIG.  3    are replaced with diodes  131 - 139 ,  141 - 147 . The manner of operation of the combination circuit shown in  FIG.  4    corresponds to that of the combination circuit  30  shown in  FIG.  3   . The exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG.  4    has, in turn, four internal ground connections  21 - 24 , the internal ground connection  21  constituting the primary ground and the three internal ground connections  22 - 24  constituting the coding grounds, and eight external ground connections  11 - 18 . In this example, the electronic component  10  likewise has n=2 3 =8 different codings, which corresponds to the number of the external ground connections  11 - 18 . 
     The operation of the electronic components  10  illustrated in  FIGS.  3  and  4    is identical and as follows: 
     If the ground line  51  of the cable harness  50  (see  FIGS.  2   a  to  2   d   ) is applied to the external ground connection  11 , a current can flow into the external ground connection  11  via the primary ground  21 , while no current flows via the coding grounds  22 - 24  due to the logic circuit  30 . Consequently, the evaluation circuit (not shown) sets the following signal pattern which is specified in the sequence of the reference signs of the internal ground connections  21 - 24 : L-H-H-H, wherein L constitutes the first signal information (low signal level) and H constitutes the second signal information (high signal level). 
     If the ground line  51  of the cable harness  50  is applied to the external ground connection  12 , a current can flow into the external ground connection  12  via the primary ground  21  and the coding ground  22 . Consequently, the evaluation circuit sets the following signal pattern at the internal ground connections  21 - 24 : L-L-H-H. 
     If a ground line of the cable harness is connected to the external ground connection  13 , a current can flow via the coding grounds  22 ,  23  when a reference voltage is applied to the internal ground connections  21 - 24 . As a result, the following signal pattern is produced at the internal ground connections  21 - 24 : L-L-L-H. 
     If a ground line of the cable harness is connected to the external ground connection  14 , a current can flow via the primary ground  21  and the coding ground  23  when a supply voltage is applied to the internal ground connections  21 - 24 . This produces, at the internal ground connections  21 - 24 , a signal pattern: L-H-L-H. 
     If a ground line of the cable harness is connected to the external ground connection  15 , a current can flow via the primary ground  21  and the coding grounds  23 ,  24  when a supply voltage is applied to the internal ground connections  21 - 24 . This produces, at the internal ground connections  21 - 24 , the signal pattern: L-H-L-L. 
     If a ground line of the cable harness is connected to the external ground connection  16 , a current can flow via the primary ground  21  and the coding ground  24  when a supply voltage is applied to the internal ground connections  21 - 24 . This produces, at the internal ground connections  21 - 24 , a signal pattern: L-H-H-L. 
     If the ground line of the cable harness is connected to the external ground connection  17 , a current can flow via the primary ground  21  and the coding grounds  22 ,  23  and  24  when a supply voltage is applied to the internal ground connections  21 - 24 . This produces, at the internal ground connections  21 - 24 , a signal pattern: L-L-L-L. 
     If the ground line of the cable harness is connected to the external ground connection  18 , a current can flow via the primary ground  21  and via the coding grounds  22 ,  24  when a supply voltage is applied to the internal ground connections  21 - 24 . This produces, at the internal ground connections  21 - 24 , a signal pattern: L-L-H-L. 
     The components illustrated in the exemplary embodiments of  FIGS.  2  to  4    in each case, i.e. the internal ground connections  21 - 24  and the combination circuit  30 , can be realized as an IC chip and as a simple circuit on a carrier, e.g. on a circuit board. 
     The proposed electronic component having a combination circuit eliminates welded connectors with longitudinal water sealing in a cable harness of the motor vehicle for the purpose of position detection via ground coding. The combination circuit defines, via an output in each case, the position of the component in the motor vehicle at the physical interface (external ground connection) to the cable harness. The number of external ground connections or outputs is dependent here on the possible positionings of the identically constructed component in the motor vehicle. A large number of positions can therefore theoretically be defined without limitation. 
     It is also possible that the evaluation circuit can detect the position of the relevant electronic component in the motor vehicle via the inputs of the combination circuit. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS 
     
         
           10  electronic component (sensor, actuator, control device) 
           11 - 17  external ground connections 
           21  internal ground connection (primary ground) 
           22 - 24  internal ground connections (coding ground) 
           30  combination circuit 
           31 - 33  logic chip 
           34  logic chip 
           41 - 47  logic chip 
           50  cable harness 
           51 - 53  ground line 
           54  ultrasonic welded connector 
           55  collector line 
           131 - 139  diodes 
           141 - 147  diodes