Patent Publication Number: US-10782187-B2

Title: Infrared temperature measurement and stabilization thereof

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/312,265 entitled “INFRARED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND STABILIZATION THEREOF”, filed on Nov. 18, 2016, which is a National Stage Application of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2015/030769 entitled “INFRARED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND STABILIZATION THEREOF” filed on May 14, 2015 that claims priority to U.S. Non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/281,334 entitled “INFRARED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND STABILIZATION THEREOF”, filed on May 19, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part (CIP) and claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/178,077 entitled “INFRARED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND STABILIZATION THEREOF”, filed on Jul. 7, 2011 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application, Ser. No. 61/362,623 entitled “INFRARED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND STABILIZATION THEREOF”, filed on Jul. 8, 2010. The entireties of the above-noted applications are incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Infrared (IR) temperature sensors can monitor infrared light which is then converted into an electrical signal and ultimately to a temperature reading. The spectrum of infrared radiation cannot be readily seen by humans without the use of specially designed equipment that makes the spectrum visible. Measurement of infrared waves is calibrated in microns, ranging from 0.7 to 1000 microns. Today, infrared temperature sensors can be used to measure temperature of almost any type of moving part or object, including many used related to vehicles. 
     One of the most basic IR temperature sensor designs consists of a lens that focuses IR energy onto to a detector. The detector can convert the measured energy to an electrical signal, which can be displayed in units of temperature. An object&#39;s emissivity is used together with the captured energy in order to convert measured energy into temperature. Today, more sophisticated sensors can passively compensate for ambient temperature variations so as to effect accurate measurement of a target object. 
     One very useful feature of IR sensors is the ability to measure temperatures, e.g., without physical contact. This temperature monitoring ability is especially useful in situations where objects are in motion, e.g., in vehicular applications. Unfortunately, environmental effects upon the sensor require protective housings and the like to be installed to protect the sensors from environmental elements. Protective housings and the like include materials that vary in temperature and contribute to the IR energy path of the sensor thereby making accurate and efficient temperature measurements difficult. 
     With regard to conventional IR temperature sensors, significant measurement errors often occur when the IR sensor, e.g., thermopile, is subject to thermal conditions such as a wide range in operating temperatures, temperature rate of change, or static thermal gradients in the sensing region or path. Any IR visible object in the path between the sensing component and the measurement target will both deliver energy to the sensor as well as block a portion of the thermal energy emitted by object target; resulting in accurate and inefficient temperature measurement. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION 
     This brief description is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are described below in the detailed description. This brief description is not intended to be an extensive overview of the claimed subject matter, identify key factors or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
     According to one or more aspects, one or more embodiments include infrared (IR) temperature measurement and stabilization systems, and methods related thereto. One or more embodiments actively stabilizes temperatures of objects in the path between an IR sensor and target object. A temperature monitor and controller is employed to regulate power to resistive temperature devices (RTDs) thereby regulating current (and power) to the RTDs. As a result, temperatures of IR visible objects can be actively stabilized for changes, for example, changes in ambient temperatures. 
     With regard to traditional infrared (IR) temperature sensors, significant measurement errors often occur when the IR sensor, e.g., thermopile, is subject to thermal conditions such as a wide range in operating temperature, temperature rate of change, or static thermal gradients in the sensing region. IR visible objects in the path between the sensing component and the measurement target will both deliver energy to the sensor as well as block a portion of the thermal energy emitted by object target. In accordance with one or more aspects, intermediate media, such as optical lens and protective window, are held thermally stable thereby allowing their energy contributions to be known and precisely compensated for by the measurement system. As well, other components in the sensing region can be stabilized via RTDs, e.g., sensor housing, baseplate, etc. 
     Accordingly, one or more aspects can deliver a final temperature indication response time that is significantly reduced by actively stabilizing the key measurement components. Temperature compensation, including both sensor steady-state temperature and rate of change dependencies, can be significantly reduced or eliminated by actively stabilizing the key measurement components by way of RTDs together with temperature control components and circuitry. 
     In other aspects, passive stabilization of temperatures of objects in a path between a sensor and a target object is provided. In these aspects passive thermal stabilization is accomplished via conductively coupling the sensor to optics. 
     In one aspect, the innovation provides an IR temperature monitoring system comprising a sensor assembly encased in an overmolding material. The overmolded sensor assembly may include an IR temperature sensor having a sensor housing which encases an IR element. The sensor assembly may further include a metallic frame that encompasses a transmissive window in the closed end of the sensor assembly, wherein the metallic frame provides a stable temperature around the transmissive window. 
     The following description and annexed drawings set forth certain illustrative aspects and implementations. These are indicative of but a few of the various ways in which one or more aspects may be employed. Other aspects, advantages, or novel features of the disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the annexed drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Aspects of the disclosure are understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings. Elements, structures, etc. of the drawings may not necessarily be drawn to scale. Accordingly, the dimensions of the same may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion, for example. 
         FIG. 1  is an illustration of an example infrared (IR) temperature sensor system capable of component stabilization, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  is an illustration of an example bottom view of a self-heating temperature sensor system, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is an illustration of an example top-down view of a self-heating temperature sensor system, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  is an illustration of an example electrical schematic of components and circuitry that facilitate temperature stabilization, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  is an illustration of an example method for facilitating active temperature stabilization, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  is an illustration of an example self-heating temperature IR sensor assembly, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 7  is an illustration of an example exploded view of an example sensor assembly, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 8  is an illustration of an example bottom perspective view of an example sensor assembly, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 9  is an illustration of an example side perspective view of an example sensor assembly, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 10  is an illustration of an example bottom-up perspective view of an example sensor assembly, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 11  is an illustration of yet another example perspective view of an assembly, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 12  is an illustration of an example placement of a conductive frame, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 13  is an illustration of an example side perspective view of a protective housing and circuit board base, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 14  is an illustration of an example conductive frame, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 15  is an illustration of glass fillers positioned onto leads, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 16  is an example bottom-up perspective view of an assembly, according to one or more embodiments. 
         FIG. 17  is an illustration of an example infrared (IR) temperature monitoring system, according to one or more embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments or examples, illustrated in the drawings are disclosed below using specific language. It will nevertheless be understood that the embodiments or examples are not intended to be limiting. Any alterations and modifications in the disclosed embodiments, and any further applications of the principles disclosed in this document are contemplated as would normally occur to one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. 
     As will be described in greater detail infra, one or more embodiments provides for stabilization of critical measurement components as well as other ‘visible’ objects in an infrared (IR) temperature measurement system. One or more embodiments can effectively stabilize interference caused by a protective cap or housing as well as other IR ‘visible’ components in close proximity to the IR sensor. As will be understood, IR thermal measurement is highly susceptible to the thermal energy state and flux of both the sensing element and IR ‘visible’ media in (and around) the target-object path. Active stabilization of the thermal energy or absolute temperature of these system components is one underlying principal of this disclosure. This temperature stabilization enhances accuracy and can be performed at an efficient rate as compared to conventional IR sensor systems. 
     Current sensor assemblies have potential seal vulnerabilities. Such systems often rely on elements such as covers, glue, plugs, and potting, or a combination of such elements to provide a protective environment for the components within the assembly. These seal vulnerabilities may not be ideal for all environments. 
     According to an aspect of the innovation, an IR temperature system may comprise an overmolded sensor assembly in which the overmolding encapsulates and protects components of the sensor assembly. The overmolded sensor assembly according to the innovation eliminates the need for a housing seal plug and adhesives or other attachments means for securing a separate protective cover and, thus, does not have the same potential seal vulnerabilities. 
     In one aspect of the innovation, the IR temperature system does not include a separate protective housing. Instead, the components of the sensor assembly may be overmolded with a protective material. Suitable materials for overmolding include most any plastic or suitably rigid material. In one embodiment, the overmolding material may comprise a thermoplastic material such as a polyamide thermoplastic material. In one embodiment, the overmolding material may comprise a suitable polymer including acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acetal, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), liquid crystal polymers (LCPs), polyethylenimine (PEI), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyphthalamide (PPA), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) polystyrene (PS), polysulfone (PSU), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), or any combination of two or more thereof. 
     In one embodiment, the overmolding may encase all of the components of the sensor assembly excluding the optical components, connectors and/or cable exits. Any configuration of sensor assembly components described herein may be encased in the overmolding material according to embodiments of the innovation. 
     In one embodiment, the overmolded sensor assembly may include a tophat, a sensor element, a sensor PCB, wiring (e.g., exit wires), and an inset molded IR transparent or semi-transparent lens. In one embodiment, the overmolding material and the inset molded IR transparent or semi-transparent lens may comprise an infrared-transmitting material. In one embodiment, the inset molded IR transparent or semi-transparent lens may comprise zinc sulfide, silicon, germanium, N-BK7, UV fused silicon, zinc selenide, sapphire, calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, sodium chloride, potassium bromide, or the like. In one embodiment, the lens may comprise a material selected from zinc sulfide, silicon, or germanium. In embodiments in which the lens comprises a different material than the overmolding material, the overmolding material may be selected from any suitable overmolding material, including those described above. 
     Referring initially to the drawings,  FIG. 1  illustrates an example IR temperature sensor system  100  capable of active component temperature stabilization. Generally, the system  100  can include a protective housing  102  (e.g., molded plastic cap) having an integral window or lens  104 . It will be appreciated that the lens  104  (e.g., transparent window) enables measurement of IR energy via IR temperature sensor  106  (e.g., thermopile). It will be appreciated that this window can be manufactured of the same material as the protective housing  102 . Thus, variations in temperature of the window  104  effects accuracy of IR measurements until its temperature is stabilized. It will be appreciated that the window  104  can often represent 30 to 50% of the energy detected by thermopile  106 . For at least this reason, one or more embodiments is capable of stabilizing the temperature of the window  104  such that compensation can efficiently and effectively be made to enhance accuracy of the sensing device  106 . As shown, the temperature sensor  106  is equipped with optics  108 , which can also vary in temperature and effect performance of the thermopile  106 . 
     Because the temperature of the window  104  fluctuates often during operation, a heat source is provided to stabilize its temperature thereby increasing performance of the IR temperature monitoring functionality. Additionally, because the window  104  is most often manufactured of plastic, fluctuations in temperature are slow as plastic is not an efficient conductor of heat. An example conductive metal frame equipped with resistive temperature devices (RTDs) will be described in greater below. This conductive metal is deposited on the inner side of the protective housing  102  and can focus heat upon the window  104 . It will be understood and appreciated that other aspects can include an optional temperature directional means (e.g., cone-like device) that captures heat from a conductive source equipped with RTDs and channels that heat to the window  104  and components of the sensor  106 . In other words, in one or more aspects and environments, the heating effects and efficiency as described herein can be affected by the low conductivity of the captive air within the protective housing. By providing a temperature channeling means, e.g., funnel, (illustrated as dashed lines  110 ), heat can be contained within the inner area of the cone, thereby enhancing stabilization effects. 
     It will be appreciated that measurement system errors of several degrees exists under current or traditional measurement techniques. Laborious, time consuming and expensive calibration processes are required to compensate over varying temperature ranges. Other techniques have been attempted to passively control temperature of intermediate media using insulating and conducting materials. Unfortunately, these techniques are complicated and result in delayed temperature readings. Further, passive control of intermediate media temperatures oftentimes results in error or inaccurate readings. It will be appreciated many applications require high accuracy in IR temperature measurements. The active temperature stabilization systems of one or more embodiments can provide this accuracy. 
     Traditionally, intrinsic errors in IR temperature measurements were tolerated. Additionally, the optical lens or raw sensor was protected from environmental elements by looking through narrow chambers or long tubes. Still further, in accordance with traditional systems, environmentally protective barriers were removed as they led to complexity that resulted in inaccurate readings. Devices took a long time in temperature stable environments to indicate accurately. 
     In accordance with traditional systems, temperature compensation is currently handled by collecting sensor responses over a wide range of temperatures. Thereafter, the indication is adjusted using sensor unique correction factors. This is both time consuming and leads to compromised accuracy. Large thermal masses are added to slow temperature rates of change and to resolve thermal gradients. Unfortunately, this approach leads to enhanced device size and longer thermal response times. 
     The measurement system  100  of  FIG. 1  can actively control the thermal environment of key components of the IR measurement system. Following is a review of options available to stabilize temperatures. One technique of the sensor systems allows the sensor  106  to come into thermal equilibrium shortly after the environment temperature and heat sources stabilize. To accomplish this, the thermopile sensor  106  is exposed directly to the environment with little or no protection from corrosive or harsh environments. This direct exposure is needed in order for its temperature to track the environmental temperature in a reasonable amount of time. Unfortunately, direct exposure results in damage and corrosive elements upon the sensor. 
     Another alternative technique employs thermal separation of heat sources, such as power dissipating electronic components, while enhancing passive thermal conduction between a protective cover and environmental media heat transfer. It will be understood that traditional products have limited performance over wide ambient temperature range. 
     Overall, the IR system  100  of  FIG. 1  can offer improved accuracy in view of conventional systems by way of active temperature stabilization. Additionally, more accurate temperatures can be rendered in a faster response time. The system  100  employs simplification that results in reduced time related to the calibration process. Overall end cost can be reduced in view of the efficiencies offered by the features, functions, and benefits of the disclosure. Still further, the sensor  106  and system  100  can have a wider application base. Thus, one or more embodiments may provide a versatile system adaptable to a wide range of uses or applications. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 2 , a bottom view of an example self-heating temperature sensor  200  is shown. Item  202  is illustrative of a baseplate of the thermopile of  FIG. 1 . An RTD  204  capable of detecting and generating heat can be thermally bonded to the baseplate  202 . Accordingly, in addition to detecting thermal power, RTD  204  can also generate heat thereby stabilizing the temperature of the baseplate  202 , along with other components of the system. Lead apertures  206  are shown and provide means by which thermopile leads can traverse the baseplate  202  to accompanying circuitry. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a top view of an example stabilization system  300  in accordance with one or more aspects. Generally, system  300  includes a protective cover  302  having a lens  304  (or window) provided on the top surface of the protective cover ( 302 ). In aspects, the window  304  is integral to the cover however, can also be a separate component in alternative designs. As described supra, the protective cover  302  encases components of an IR sensor system (e.g., system  100  of  FIG. 1 ). 
     The temperature and temperature movement of the lens  304  (or window) is effectively noise to the IR detection of the system resulting in inaccurate readings. In accordance thereto, one or more embodiments provides for temperature stabilization of the lens  304 . Essentially, the lens  304  is an IR transmissive window  304  bordered by a metalized copper (Cu) frame  306 . The frame  306  is deposited upon the inner surface of the protective cover  302  and can focus heat around the window  304 . While a square frame is shown, it will be understood that other shapes and deposits of conductive material (e.g., copper) that focus heat upon the window  304  can be employed without departing from the spirit and/or scope of the disclosure. Additionally, other conductive metals, e.g., platinum, silver, etc. can be employed in alternative aspects. Self-heating resistive temperature sensors  308  (e.g., RTDs) can be provided so as to control the self-heating functionality of one or more embodiments. It will be understood that the RTDs  308  can detect and deliver thermal power as appropriate for temperature stabilization. While two RTDs are shown, other aspects can employ additional or fewer RTDs as appropriate without departing from the scope of the disclosure or claims appended hereto. 
       FIG. 4  depicts an example electrical schematic  400  in accordance with one or more aspects. As shown, a self-heating temperature sensor  402  (e.g., RTD) can be electrically coupled to temperature measurement and temperature control components included within a thermal control circuitry  404 . In accordance with a desired temperature setpoint, RTDs  402  can measure and control temperature by varying power dissipation. In other words, RTD  402  resistance will represent a certain temperature and the power provided to the RTD  402  will be proportional to the square root of the current passing through the RTD  402 . In operation, a particular setpoint temperature can be selected (e.g., 120° F.), whereby the RTD can be provided with a requisite amount of power so as to achieve the desired temperature. Within the thermal control circuitry  404 , the temperature can be measured as shown. In accordance with this measured temperature, the temperature control can provide enough power to the self-heating temperature sensor (RTD)  402  to achieve the temperature setpoint as desired. 
     Thus, the temperature control can vary the power based on a present and/or desired temperature. Therefore, heat loss can be automatically or actively compensated for and stabilized in an active control of the thermal environment of the location(s) of the RTD(s). It will be understood that this process of regulating temperature can also be utilized with regard to all RTDs provided within systems, such as RTDs bonded to conductive metal within the protective housing as described below. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a methodology  500  of stabilizing components in an IR temperature measurement system in accordance with one or more aspects. While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the one or more methodologies shown herein, e.g., in the form of a flow chart, are shown and described as a series of acts, it will be understood and appreciated that one or more acts may, in accordance with one or more aspects, occur in a different order and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement a methodology in accordance with one or more aspects. 
     At  502 , a temperature setpoint can be established. For example, a setpoint of 120° F. can be selected in aspects so as to exceed most any ambient operating conditions. As described above, an IR sensor assembly can be equipped with a number of RTDs so as to actively stabilize component temperatures. For example, a conductive frame can be equipped with RTDs so as to focus heat upon a transmissive window in a protective housing. Similarly, an RTD can be bonded to a baseplate of a thermopile and can provide temperature stabilization. 
     At  504 , temperature can be monitored via the RTD. As will be understood, the RTDs employed in connection with one or more aspects can both monitor and deliver heat as desired. A decision is made at  506  to determine if the monitored temperature is consistent with the desired temperature setpoint. If yes, the methodology returns to  504  to monitor the temperature. 
     If not consistent at  506 , power to the RTD can be regulated at  508 . Thus, the temperature output of the RTD can be regulated (e.g., raised) at  510 . As will be appreciated, the rise in temperature can effectively regulate and/or stabilize IR ‘visible’ components within the protective housing and within the IR measurement object-target path. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6 , illustrated is an example self-heating temperature sensor assembly  600  in accordance with one or more aspects. As shown in the example of  FIG. 6 , a protective housing  602  encases thermopile or sensor  604 . For example, the protective housing  602  shelters, shields and/or safeguards the sensor  604  from environmental effects. A circuit board  606  is provided upon which sensor  604  can be mounted. It will be understood and appreciated that circuitry can be disposed upon the board so as to control the sensor  604  for temperature measurement and thermal stabilization control via RTDs as described herein. As illustrated, the circuit board  606  is of a shape consistent with the protective housing  602 . A metalized frame  608  can be provided and equipped with RTDs that facilitate self-heating functionality. 
     In one embodiment, the IR temperature sensor system may include a sensor assembly encased by an overmolding material. In this embodiment, the protective housing may be unnecessary as the overmolding material protects the components of the sensor assembly (e.g., the IR temperature sensor). 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an exploded (and assembled) view of a sensor assembly  700  in accordance with one or more aspects. As illustrated, the assembly  700  can include a protective housing  702  that encases sensor components. In aspects, the protective housing can be manufactured of most any plastic or suitably rigid material. 
     The protective housing  702  shields a sensor housing  704 , for example, from environmental effects. The sensor housing  704  can be manufactured of stainless steel or most any other suitably rigid material. As illustrated in  FIG. 1  discussed supra, a sensor optic lens  706  can be fitted atop the sensor housing  704 . The lens  706  is transparent and can be manufactured of silicon or other suitably transparent or translucent material. 
     A baseplate  708  is disposed upon an end of the sensor housing  706  opposite the lens  706 . In aspects, the baseplate  708  is manufactured of stainless steel. However, it will be understood and appreciated that most any suitable material can be employed without departing from the spirit and/or scope of the disclosure or claims appended hereto. A resistive temperature detector (RTD)  710  can be mounted or thermally bonded beneath the baseplate  708 , thereby temperature stabilization of components (e.g.,  708 ,  706 , and  704 ) can be effected via RTD  710 . In aspects, RTD  710  can be a ceramic RTD. 
     The RTDs may be capable of use in a mode that can measure temperature and deliver heat simultaneously. Thus, this single component (e.g., RTD) is capable of functionally measuring temperature while at the same time working to stabilize temperatures of other IR ‘visible’ components (e.g., housing, baseplate, optic lens, protective housing window, etc.). The RTDs can be controlled by a circuit that facilitates maintenance of a particular temperature or setpoint (e.g., 120° F.). 
     Accordingly, the circuitry can regulate power to the RTD to maintain the desired temperature. While specific temperatures and power sources are described herein, the features, functions, and benefits may be employed to maintain most any desired temperature by providing power or wattage as appropriate. It will be appreciated that stabilization of the critical component&#39;s temperature enhances accuracy and performance of the IR temperature sensing functionality. 
     As illustrated, glass fillers  712  can be fitted into holes of the baseplate  708 . The glass fillers  712  can enhance the hermetic seal in addition to the seal of the protective housing  702  mounted onto the circuit board  718 . Upon manufacture, leads, e.g., copper leads,  714  can be inserted through the glass fillers  712  and into the baseplate  708 . A trace, e.g., copper trace,  716  can be provided in embodiments. A circuit board  718  can be fitted onto the open end of the protective housing  702 , thereby encasing sensor components therein. It will be appreciated that the circuit board  718  can be of a shape consistent with an open end of the protective housing  702 . In other aspects, a groove that is consistent with the shape of the open end of protective housing  702  can be provided so as to provide a suitable hermetic seal. 
     Also included within the protective housing  702  is a metalized frame, e.g., copper frame,  720 . The copper frame  720  can be equipped with RTDs  722 . In one aspect, RTDs  722  are ceramic detectors. While RTD  710  can detect temperature and provide heat to the baseplate  708  region, the RTDs  722  can provide heat to the protective housing window region as shown. It will be appreciated that the RTDs  722  can provide heat to the metalized frame which can conduct heat around the window. By focusing heat upon the window, temperature can be evenly stabilized to enhance IR measurement functionality. 
       FIG. 8  is a bottom perspective view of an example sensor assembly  800  in accordance with one or more aspects. As shown, the sensor assembly  800  can include a protective housing  802 , a circuit board  804  and an RTD  806 . Additionally copper leads  808  are provided so as to facilitate electrical connection as appropriate. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 9 , a side perspective view of an example sensor assembly  900  is shown. As illustrated, protective housing  902  can be equipped with a translucent window  904  on the top such that IR energy can be captured via a sensor or thermopile. The bottom section of the protective housing  902  is open such that sensor components can be inserted as described with regard to  FIG. 7  supra. Further, the open end of the protective housing  902  can be configured to mate to a circuit board  906 , e.g., providing a waterproof or hermetic seal. It will be understood that, where appropriate, gaskets can be provided to assist with or enhance the sealing functionality. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a bottom-up perspective view of an example sensor assembly  1000  in accordance with aspects. From this vantage point, placement of glass fillers  1002  can be can be seen. In other words, each of the leads  1004  is passed through a glass filler  1004  upon insertion into the circuit board  1006 . 
       FIG. 11  is yet another perspective view of an assembly  1100  in accordance with aspects. As shown, a sensor component  1102  can be disposed within the center of circuit board  1104 . In other aspects, the sensor component  1102  can be mounted upon an end cap that does not include circuitry. In these alternative aspects, the circuitry can be remotely located from the thermopile. It will be appreciated that this illustration is exemplary and not intended to limit alternative aspects disclosed herein. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates an example  1200  placement of a frame  1202  within the closed face of protective housing  1204 . In other words, the metal, e.g., copper, frame  1202  is encased within the protective housing  1204  together with other sensor components as described in greater detail supra. Further, the metal frame  1202  can be equipped with RTDs  1206  as shown. These RTDs  1206  can provide information necessary for temperature stabilization in accordance with the features, functions, and benefits of the disclosure. As well, the RTDs  1206  can provide heat as necessary for stabilization effect. 
       FIG. 13  to  FIG. 16  are shown in accordance with one or more aspects. While specific heat capacities and conductivities are disclosed, it will be understood that these values and parameters are provided for perspective and are not limiting in any manner. 
     Referring first to the assembly  1300  of  FIG. 13 , protective housing  1302 , e.g., plastic, can have a specific heat capacity of 2200 J/Kg ° K and a conductivity of 0.5 W/m ° K. Circuit board  1304  can have a specific heat capacity of 1200 J/Kg ° K and a conductivity of 0.23 W/m ° K. 
     The frame  1400  of  FIG. 14  can have a specific heat capacity of 385 J/Kg ° K and a conductivity of 398 W/m ° K. The glass fillers  1502  of  FIG. 15  can have a conductivity of 0.836 W/m ° K, as seen at  1500 . 
     As shown in the assembly  1600  of  FIG. 16 , a sensor housing  1602 , e.g., steel housing, can have a specific heat capacity of 477 J/Kg ° K. The sensor housing  1602  can also have a conductivity of 16.7 W/m ° K in aspects. Consistent with the sensor housing  1602 , the baseplate  1604 , e.g., steel, can have a specific heat capacity of 477 J/Kg ° K and a conductivity of 16.7 W/m ° K. The leads  1606 , e.g., copper leads, can have a specific heat capacity of 385 J/Kg ° K and a conductivity of 398 W/m ° K. 
     In accordance with one or more aspects, it will be understood that heat transfer is a through conduction in a component and wherever two components come into contact. The outer surface of the protective housing can convect with the ambient temperature. The inner surface of the protective housing and the outer surface of the other components within the protective housing (e.g., sensor housing) will convect with the captive air that is trapped inside the protective housing. In embodiments, convective heat transfer coefficient of 7.9 W/M{circumflex over ( )}2 K is used. 
     In accordance with the aforementioned heat capacities and conductivities, a power source of 0.196 W was specified at each RTD. The ambient temperature was fixed as −20° C. Upon testing, a power source of 0.196 W was applied at each RTD. The RTDs at the copper frame to reached a temperature of about 120° F. The temperature at RTD near the baseplate for this power is 101° F. It will be understood that this amount of stabilization is sufficient to enable efficient and accurate IR temperature measurements. In other words, control circuitry can be provided so as to use the stabilized component temperatures in IR energy to temperature conversions. As a result, effects of IR ‘visible’ components are alleviated. 
     While active stabilization has been disclosed and described in detail herein, it will be understood that passive (or combinations of active and passive) stabilization embodiments are to be contemplated and included within the scope of the disclosure and claims appended hereto. For instance, in a passive embodiment, the sensor component(s) may be thermally coupled to the optics so as to effect passive stabilization. In other words, the cover (e.g., including optics) can be metalized using a conductive material (e.g., copper). Here, the passive conductivity of thermal properties via the conductive metal can be used to stabilize the temperature(s) as described herein. 
       FIG. 17  is an illustration of an exploded view of an example infrared (IR) temperature monitoring system  1700 , according to one or more embodiments. The system  1700  may provide for passive temperature stabilization by thermally bonding a protective housing  1702  or protective shell, such as a protective plastic housing, to a sensing element  1712 . In one or more embodiments, the protective housing  1702  has an open end and a closed end. The protective housing  1702  may be formed of a non-thermally conductive, corrosion resistant material. Additionally, the protective housing  1702  may have an integral thin window  1710  of IR transmissive plastic. As seen in  FIG. 17 , the open end of the protective housing  1702  may couple with a frame, which may be formed of metal. For example, the frame  1704  may be a metallic frame or a conductive frame having an open top hat shape. It will be appreciated that the frame  1704  may be inset formed, bonded, or pressed to fit firmly against the closed end face of the protective housing  1702 . The frame  1704  may be positioned upon an inner face or portion of the closed end of the protective housing  1702 . In other words, the frame  1704  may be pressed into tight contact with the protective housing  1702  effectively stabilizing the otherwise non-conductive plastic window. The cylinder end may fit snuggly around the IR element  1712  or sensor element. In one or more embodiments, the snug fit may further be enhanced by the use of thermal grease or thermally conductive adhesive. The top hat in situ then thermally stabilizes and maintains a uniform temperature between the outside media and the sensing element  1712 . Further stated, the frame  1704  may encompass a transmissive window in the closed end of the protective housing  1702  to facilitate providing a stable temperature around the transmissive window. Additionally, the assembly or system  1700  may include an infrared (IR) element, such as a thermopile IR detector  1712 , a circuit or signal processor  1714 , and a housing plug  1716  or housing seal plug. 
     In one or more embodiments, a sensor assembly may include the IR element  1712 , the signal processor  1714 , and the housing seal plug  1716 , which seals the system  1700 . Accordingly, the system  1700  may include the protective housing  1702 , the frame  1704 , and the sensor assembly. It will be appreciated that one or more of the components described herein may be bonded and/or sealed for harsh environment use. In other words, components  1702  and  1704  may be thermally coupled with  1712 ,  1714 , and  1716  such that a temperature of a protective housing lens (e.g., within the protective housing  1702 ) does not disrupt an intended temperature, setpoint temperature, or target temperature measurement. In this way, the system  1700  links a temperature of an outside environment or enables an outside, external, or ambient temperature measurement to be made. Further, lens temperature compensation may be provided as well. 
     According to one or more aspects, infrared (IR) temperature monitoring system is provided, including a protective housing, an IR temperature sensor, and a metallic frame. The protective housing may have an open end and closed end. The IR temperature sensor may have a sensor housing which encases an IR element. The protective housing may encase the IR temperature sensor and the sensor housing. The protective housing may be a cap that shields the sensor housing from one or more environmental effects. The metallic frame may be positioned upon an inner portion of the closed end of the protective housing, wherein the metallic frame encompasses a transmissive window in the closed end of the protective housing, wherein the metallic frame provides a stable temperature around the transmissive window. 
     In one or more embodiments, the protective housing encases the IR temperature sensor. The IR element may be positioned on a signal processor. The metallic frame may be a conductive top hat. The system may include a housing seal plug. The protective housing may be cylindrical in shape or formed of plastic. The metallic frame may be formed of copper, aluminum, or other suitable thermal conductor/thermally conductive material. The sensor housing may be formed of plastic that acts as a lens arranged at one end of the IR element and a baseplate mounted to the other end of the IR element. The system may include one or more glass fillers that hermetically seal one or more leads traversing through a baseplate of the IR element. 
     According to one or more aspects, a method for infrared (IR) temperature monitoring is provided, including encasing an IR element of an IR temperature sensor with a sensor housing, encasing the IR temperature sensor and the sensor housing with a protective housing having an open end and closed end, wherein the protective housing is a cap that shields the sensor housing from one or more environmental effects, and positioning a metallic frame upon an inner portion of the closed end of the protective housing, wherein the metallic frame encompasses a transmissive window in the closed end of the protective housing, wherein the metallic frame provides a stable temperature around the transmissive window. The protective housing may include an integral lens formed of the same material as the protective housing. The IR element may be positioned on a signal processor. The signal processor may be implemented as a circuit. The housing plug or housing seal plug may fit with the assembly  1700  of  FIG. 17  to complete an internal system seal impervious to one or more environmental effects. 
     According to one or more aspects, an infrared (IR) temperature monitoring system is provided, including a protective housing having an open end and closed end, an IR temperature sensor having a sensor housing which encases an IR element, wherein the protective housing encases the IR temperature sensor and the sensor housing, wherein the protective housing is a plastic cap that shields the sensor housing and the IR temperature element from one or more environmental effects, a metallic frame positioned upon an inner portion of the closed end of the protective housing, wherein the metallic frame encompasses a transmissive window in the closed end of the protective housing, wherein the metallic frame provides a stable temperature around the transmissive window, and a housing seal plug which completes an internal system seal impervious to external environment effects. 
     Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features or methodological acts, it will be understood that the subject matter of the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example embodiments. 
     Various operations of embodiments are provided herein. The order in which one or more or all of the operations are described should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. Alternative ordering will be appreciated based on this description. Further, not all operations may necessarily be present in each embodiment provided herein. 
     As used in this application, “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. Further, an inclusive “or” may include any combination thereof (e.g., A, B, or any combination thereof). In addition, “a” and “an” as used in this application are generally construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. Additionally, at least one of A and B and/or the like generally means A or B or both A and B. Further, to the extent that “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising”. 
     Further, unless specified otherwise, “first”, “second”, or the like are not intended to imply a temporal aspect, a spatial aspect, an ordering, etc. Rather, such terms are merely used as identifiers, names, etc. for features, elements, items, etc. For example, a first channel and a second channel generally correspond to channel A and channel B or two different or two identical channels or the same channel. Additionally, “comprising”, “comprises”, “including”, “includes”, or the like generally means comprising or including, but not limited to. 
     Although the disclosure has been shown and described with respect to one or more implementations, equivalent alterations and modifications will occur based on a reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. The disclosure includes all such modifications and alterations and is limited only by the scope of the following claims.