Patent Publication Number: US-11383872-B2

Title: Packaging machine

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/390,199 filed Dec. 23, 2016 which claims priority to European Patent Application No. 15203189.4, filed Dec. 30, 2015, commonly assigned and hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  shows a schematic representation of a film packaging machine  1  in accordance with the invention. A schematic plan view is shown in the upper part of the FIGURE and a side view of the packaging machine  1  is shown in the lower part of the FIGURE. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a method of operating a packaging machine for wrapping packaging trays for foods using a packaging film, in particular a plastic film, in which the film is supplied to a holding mechanism having two holding means spaced apart from one another to hold the supplied film at two mutually oppositely disposed sides, in which the spacing of the two holding means from one another is then adjusted, and in which a supplied tray is subsequently pressed toward the supplied film by lifting from below. The present invention furthermore relates to a corresponding packaging machine. 
     Packaging trays are known from supermarkets in which food products are packed, with the food product and the tray being wrapped around by a stretch film. Packaging trays for food products are generally also simply called trays. A packaging machine is used for the packaging that comprises a supply device for supplying the film, a holding mechanism for holding the supplied film at two mutually oppositely disposed sides, and a supply belt by which the trays having the food products are supplied to a lifting device, in particular to a lifting table. The lifting device then lifts the supplied tray toward the stretch film so that the film is spanned over the tray. The stretch film is pretensioned in this process, i.e. the spacing of the two holding means is increased after the supply of the stretch film and before the tray having the food product is lifted toward the film. It is hereby achieved that the film can lie uniformly and cleanly at the tray having the food product. The film is subsequently led around the tray by means of lateral folding tongs and by means of a rear folding tong and is folded beneath the tray base. The front film end is also folded beneath the tray base on departing the lifting device. The film is then welded beneath the tray, e.g. by means of a hotplate over which the tray is guided. The tray having the food is then completely enclosed by a tensioned film. 
     Such a packaging machine is known, for example, from U.S. Pat. No. 5,855,106. A stretch film that can be processed by such a packaging machine is known from EP 0 687 558 A2, for example. 
     Such packaging machines are used for the packaging of solid, flat foam trays in which e.g. meat is packaged. Such packaging machines are, however, not suitable for high packaging trays such as are used for packaging salad since such packaging trays are as a rule very unstable and their side walls would kink inward on being lifted or pressed toward the pretensioned film, whereby the food located therein would be compressed. Other packaging machines are therefore used for high, unstable packaging trays in which the packaging tray is supplied to a film tube which surrounds the packaging tray. After cutting the tube, the tube ends are led beneath the packaging tray and are welded there. 
     It is the underlying object of the invention to provide a method and a packaging machine of the initially named kind that allow packaging trays having high, unstable side walls also to be processed without such packaging trays being crushed during packaging. 
     This object is satisfied by a method having the features of claim  1  and in particular in that the holding mechanism is adjusted such that the spacing of the two holding means from one another is reduced. In accordance with the invention, the film is therefore supplied to the holding mechanism at a first spacing of the two holding means from one another and the holding mechanism is adjusted such that the spacing of the two holding means from one another is reduced from the first value to a second value. The reduction of the spacing of the two holding means from one another has the effect that the supplied film sags between the two holding means. 
     Unlike as known in the prior art, the film is therefore not pretensioned, but in contrast the focus is rather on a sagging of the film. It can hereby be achieved that packaging trays having high, unstable side walls are not destroyed when the packaging trays are pressed toward the film from below. It is made possible by the invention that the packaging machines known from the prior art that were to date only suitable for the packaging of solid, flat packaging trays can also be used by a correspondingly slight modification for packaging trays having high unstable side margins. A single universal packaging machine can thus take over both the packaging of solid, flat packaging trays and the packaging of packaging trays having high unstable side walls. 
     Provision can be made in accordance with an embodiment that the amount of the reduction of the spacing of the two holding means from one another, in particular the fixing of the aforesaid second value, takes place in dependence on the tray type and/or on at least one dimension of the supplied tray. The amount of the reduction can accordingly be adapted to the respective supplied packaging tray. Provision can in particular be made that the spacing is reduced the more, the larger the height and/or the base surface (or the footprint) of the supplied tray. With trays having especially high side walls, the film then sags more than with trays having side walls that are lower in comparison therewith. 
     It is generally possible that the tray type and/or the height and/or the base surface of the supplied tray is and/or are input into an input unit of the packaging machine and that the amount of the reduction of the spacing or the aforesaid second value is determined with reference to the input. Provision can, however, alternatively or additionally, also be made that the tray type of the supplied tray is automatically recognized and/or at least one dimension of the supplied tray is automatically determined. The recognition of the tray type can take place by means of an object recognition device, for example a camera; the determination of the at least one dimension, for example, by means of a camera or of a light barrier. 
     Finally, the film encompassing the tray can be folded laterally and at a rear end beneath the tray; the tray can be transferred with the film folded beneath the tray to a hotplate, whereby a front end of the film is folded beneath the tray; and the film ends are welded to the lower side of the tray by means of the hotplate. The packaging tray with the food located therein is thus completely enveloped by the film. 
     The invention furthermore relates to a packaging machine for wrapping packaging trays for foods using a packaging film, in particular a plastic film, in particular for carrying out the method in accordance with the above disclosure, having a supply device for supplying the film, having a holding mechanism comprising two holding means spaced apart from one another to hold the supplied film at two mutually oppositely disposed sides, with the spacing of the two holding means from one another being adjustable, having a supply belt for supplying the trays and having a lifting device to press the supplied tray toward the supplied film by lifting from below, with the packaging machine comprising an operating mode in which the spacing of the two holding means from one another is reduced with a supplied film and before the supplied tray is pressed toward the supplied film by lifting from below. A monitoring unit for controlling the packaging machine can in particular be provided that is configured to reduce the spacing of the two holding means from one another with a supplied film. The same advantages result in this respect such as have been described above with respect to the method in accordance with the invention. The packaging machine can in particular comprise a further operating mode in which the spacing of the two holding means from one another is increased with a supplied film and before the supplied tray is pressed toward the supplied film by lifting from below. The operation known from the prior art of the packaging machine is hereby additionally made possible, i.e. both an operation with a sagging film and an operation with a pretensioned film is possible. 
     Preferred embodiments of the packaging machine in accordance with the invention result in an analog manner from the further developments of the method in accordance with the invention. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims, in the description and in the drawing. 
     A non-restrictive embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described in the following. 
     In this respect, the only FIGURE,  FIG. 1 , shows a schematic representation of a film packaging machine  1  in accordance with the invention. A schematic plan view is shown in the upper part of the FIGURE and a side view of the packaging machine  1  is shown in the lower part of the FIGURE. 
     The packaging machine  1  comprises a film dispensing device  217 , a film supply device  216 , a film transport device  214 , and a film cutting device  215  arranged between the film supply device  216  and the film transport device  214 . A roll of a packaging film K, in particular of a plastic film, can be placed into the film dispensing device  217  and can be held there by a film holder or roll holder. An unwound end of the film K can then be transferred to the film transport device  214  by means of the film supply device  216 . 
     The film transport device  214  has two belt conveying devices  201  and  22  that are arranged spaced apart in parallel with one another to convey the supplied film K to two mutually oppositely disposed sides in a direction of transport X until the front edge of the film K has arrived at the end of the film transport device  214  at the front viewed in the direction of transport X, whereupon the film transport is stopped and the film K is cut off from the remaining film roll via the film cutting device  215 . The belt conveying devices  201  and  202  are furthermore configured to hold the film K, in particular the cut-off film, clampingly at the two mutually opposite sides. For this purpose, for example, lifting actuators, not shown, can be provided such as are generally known from the prior art. 
     The film transport device  214  is configured such that the spacing of the two belt conveying devices  201  and  202  from one another is adjustable. To adjust the mutual spacing, the first belt conveying device  201  or the second belt conveying device  202  or both belt conveyor devices  201  and  201  can be moved simultaneously transversely to the film transport direction X, in particular by means of a motor drive that is controlled by a monitoring unit of the packaging machine  1 . 
     The packaging machine  1  furthermore has a supply belt  102  via which packaging trays P to be wrapped with the film K and having food products located therein can be supplied to a lifting table  105  of the packaging machine  1 . The lifting table  105  is configured to transport a respective tray P upwardly to the film K held in the film transport device  214  such that the tray P is pressed toward the tray K from below such that the film K is automatically laid around the tray P during the lifting procedure. 
     To be able to use the packaging machine  1  for packaging trays P having high unstable side walls without crushing the weak packaging trays P during the pressing toward the film K, provision is made in accordance with the invention to reduce the mutual spacing of the two belt conveying devices  201  and  202  such that the film K that is spanned between the two belt conveying devices  201  and  202  sags at least slightly. Unlike as known from the prior art, the film K is therefore not pretensioned by increasing the spacing between the two belt conveying devices  201  and  202 , but a sagging of the film K is rather intended. When the tray P is pressed toward the film K from below, a resistance exerted by the film K can therefore be minimized, with it not necessarily having to be precluded in this respect that the film K may be very slightly tensioned after the lifting of the tray P. 
     A camera  103  with which different tray types can be recognized is provided in the run-in region of the supply belt  102 . On the basis of the recognized tray type, a determination can then be made as to how much the spacing of the two belt conveying devices  201  and  202  has to be reduced to achieve a sufficiently great sagging of the film K for the respective tray type. Such an association between the tray type and the spacing reduction can be stored in a memory of the packaging machine  1 . Alternatively or additionally, a light barrier  104  can be provided to determine the height of the supplied trays P, with a conclusion likewise being able to be drawn on the amount of the required reduction of the spacing from the determined height. The spacing can in particular be reduced the more, the greater the height and/or the base surface of the supplied tray P is. The light barrier  104  can in another respect also additionally be used to trigger a start signal for the packaging process. 
     For the further wrapping of the packing trays P, the film K is led downwardly around the tray P at the sides and at the rear by means of lateral folding tongs  108   a  and  108   b  as well as by a rear folding tong  110  after the lifting of the packaging tray P and is folded beneath the tray P or beneath the base of the tray P. The tray P is subsequently pushed out of the film packaging zone by means of a pusher  109  onto a sealing plate  107 , whereby the front end of the film K is also folded beneath the tray P. The sealing plate  107  is heated to a temperature at which the ends of the film K folded beneath the tray P are welded to one another and/or sealed. 
     The packaged tray P can subsequently be transported via a transverse conveyor belt  106  to a labeling apparatus, not shown in the FIGURE, and can be provided with a label. A scale  101  is arranged beneath the supply belt  102  for this purpose and the weight of the supplied packaging trays P having the food products can be determined by it. A printer connected to the scale  101  can then print a label on which the weight of the filled tray P is indicated. The labeling apparatus takes over the label from the printer and applies it to the packaged tray P. 
     A plastic film that is stretchable, i.e. a so-called stretch film, can be used as the packaging film. This film is thermoplastic and can be sealed or welded at a high temperature. The thickness of the film is typically in a range between 10 μm and 60 μm.