Patent Publication Number: US-2016237792-A1

Title: Injection distribution device

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatus and methods for controlling injection distribution for production of hydrocarbons from downhole wellbores. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Steam or fluid injection, such as water injection, is widely used in maintaining reservoir pressure, enhancing production of hydrocarbon reserves, and reducing the environmental impact. During steam or fluid injection, steam or fluid is injected towards a reservoir from one or more regions of an injection well to assist hydrocarbon recovery from the reservoir by producer wells. 
     During injection, a selected length of the injection well may be open to allow steam or fluid flow to a formation zone of the reservoir. Screens or liners are commonly used in the injection well to provide sand control and/or equalize fluid distribution. However, traditional injection methods usually result in non-uniform injection profile which negatively affects oil recovery efficiency and causes damages to screens or liners. 
     The present disclosure provides apparatus and methods for controlling and improving injection distribution profile during injection. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to apparatus and methods for controlling injection profile. 
     One embodiment provides an injection distribution device. The injection distribution device comprises a shield portion and a baffle portion. The baffle portion comprises a first baffle having a plurality of first openings formed therethrough, and a second baffle having a plurality of second openings formed therethrough. At least a portion of the first baffle overlaps with the second baffle. 
     Another embodiment provides an injection assembly for injecting fluid or steam to a formation zone. The injection assembly comprises a base pipe including an inject port, a screen mechanism surrounding the base pipe, and an injection distribution device disposed between the base pipe and the screen mechanism. The injection distribution device comprises a shield portion, wherein the shield portion is disposed over the inject port of the base pipe, and a baffle portion. The baffle portion comprises a first baffle having a plurality of first openings formed therethrough, a second baffle having a plurality of second openings formed therethrough. At least a portion of the first baffle overlaps with the second baffle. 
     Another embodiment provides a method for injecting steam or liquid to a formation zone. The method comprises injecting a flow of an injection steam or liquid from an interior of a base pipe to an exterior of the base pipe through an inject port formed through the base pipe, shielding a screen mechanism surrounding the base pipe with a shield portion of an injection distribution device and directing the flow of the injection steam or liquid from the port towards a baffle portion of the injection distribution device, and flowing the injection steam or liquid through one or more baffles in the baffle portion and a screen mechanism to the formation zone. 
     Another embodiment provides an injection distribution device. The injection distribution device includes a first baffle having a plurality of first openings, and a second baffle having a plurality of second openings. At least a portion of the second baffle overlap with the first baffle. The plurality of second openings are arranged so that flow resistance of through the second baffle varies along a length of the second baffle. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the various aspects, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the disclosure may admit to other equally effective embodiments. 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic view of a production system having an injection well. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic sectional view of an injection assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a partial enlarged view of the injection assembly of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic sectional view of the injection assembly of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic sectional view of the injection assembly of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 6  schematically illustrates an injection distribution device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  schematically illustrates an injection distribution device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic sectional view of an injection assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  schematically illustrates an injection distribution device according one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one embodiment may be beneficially utilized on other embodiments without specific recitation. The drawings referred to here should not be understood as being drawn to scale unless specifically noted. Also, the drawings are often simplified and details or components omitted for clarity of presentation and explanation. The drawings and discussion serve to explain principles discussed below, where like designations denote like elements. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one of skill in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic view of a production system having an injection well  10 . The injection well  10  includes a tubular string  14  disposed from surface  11  in a wellbore casing  12 . The injection well  10  may include one or more injection assemblies  20  configured to inject a fluid, such as water or steam, to a formation zone  22 . A production well  40  may be used to recover the hydrocarbons in the formation zone  22 . Isolation packers  16  may be disposed between the one or more injection assemblies  20  so that each of the one or more injection assemblies  20  may be selectively activated. Each injection assembly  20  includes a perforated sleeve  18  and an injection distribution device  24 . The perforated sleeve  18  may be opened to allow injection steam or fluid from inside the tubular string  14  to the formation zone  22  via the injection distribution device  24 . The injection distribution device  24  is configured to control the injection profile  26  of the injection assembly  20 . In one embodiment, the injection distribution device  24  improves uniformity of the injection profile across the length of the injection assembly  20 . 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic sectional view of an injection assembly  200  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The injection assembly  200  may be used in an injection well, such as the injection well  10  of  FIG. 1 . The injection assembly  200  may include a base pipe  202 . An injection distribution device  228  may be disposed around the base pipe  202 . A screen mechanism  210  may be disposed around the injection distribution device  228 . 
     The base pipe  202  may be connected to a tubing, such as the tubing string  14  of the injection well  10  of  FIG. 1 , to receive injection steam or fluid. The base pipe  202  may have one or more inject ports  204  formed therethrough. The one or more inject ports  204  may provide a fluid path to allow the injection steam or fluid to exit the base pipe  202 . In one embodiment, the one or more inject ports  204  are formed near one end of the base pipe  202 . 
     A sliding sleeve  206  may be movably disposed in the base pipe  202  near the one or more inject ports  204 . The sliding sleeve  206  may have a plurality of slit openings  208 . The sliding sleeve  206  may move along an axial direction of the base pipe  202  to selectively open and close the one or more inject ports  204 . At an open position, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the plurality of slit openings  208  align with the one or more inject ports  204  in the base pipe  202  to open the one or more inject ports  204 . The injection assembly  200  may shift to a closed position (not shown) by moving the sliding sleeve  206  axially relative to the base pipe  202  so that a solid portion of the sliding sleeve  206  aligns with the inject ports  204  to close the inject ports  204 . Standard shifting tools, such as shifting tools running on slickline, coiled tubing or wash pipe, may be used to move the sliding sleeve  206  and shift the injection assembly  200  between the open position and the closed position. 
     The screen mechanism  210  may cover the length of the base pipe  202  and the injection distribution device  228 . The screen mechanism  210  provides flow paths from the inject ports  204  to exterior environment, such as the formation zone. The screen mechanism  210  also prevents any gravel or particles in the formation zone from entering the inject ports  204  and the base pipe  202 . In one embodiment, the screen mechanism  210  may be a wire screen having one or more wire segments winding helically to form a tubular screen. In one embodiment, screen mechanism  210  may be a tubular screen formed by one or more wire segments winding around a plurality of ribs  212 . It should be noted that other suitable screen mechanism, such perforated tubular and gravel packs, may be used instead of wire screen. The screen mechanism  210  may be secured to two ends of the base pipe  202  by a joint structure  226 . 
     The injection distribution device  228  is disposed between the screen mechanism  210  and the base pipe  202 . In one embodiment, the injection distribution device  228  may have a length between about  15  to about  30  foot. A gap is present between the injection distribution device  228  and the screen mechanism  210  leaving a screen annulus  242  therebetween. Injection flow from the inject ports  204  is tuned by the injection distribution device  228  before reaching the screen annulus  242 . 
     The injection flow out of the inject ports  204  is usually a high pressure and/or high temperature flow. For example, the injection flow out of the inject ports  204  may have a pressure up to 8,200 psi and temperature up to 326° C. The screen mechanism  210  may be damaged if encounters the injection flow from the inject ports  204  directly. Additionally, the injection flow directly from the inject ports  204  concentrates around the inject ports  204  instead of distributed along a length of the base pipe  202 , therefore, not efficient in improving production in the formation zone. The injection distribution device  228  is configured to shield the screen mechanism  210  from direct blasts by the injection flow and to modify injection distribution profile along the screen mechanism  210 . The injection distribution device  228  may be a tubular body having a shield portion  236  with solid sidewalls and a baffle portion  238  made of perforated tubular bodies. The shield portion  236  and the baffle portion  238  may be connected by an adaptor  240  to form a tubular body. The shield portion  236  surrounds the base pipe  202  near the inject ports  204  to prevent injection flow from the inject ports  204  directly hit the screen mechanism  210 . The baffle portion  238  allows the injection flow to distribute along the length of the screen mechanism  210 . 
     The shield portion  236  may include an injection blast pipe  214 . The injection blast pipe  214  surrounds the base pipe  202  around the inject ports  204 . The injection blast pipe  214  is a solid tubular without perforations. The inner diameter of the injection blast pipe  214  is larger than the outer diameter of the base pipe  202  forming an injection annulus  230  between the injection blast pipe  214  and the base pipe  202 . The injection blast pipe  214  prevents injection flow from the inject ports  204  from directly reaching the screen mechanism  210 . The injection blast pipe  214  directs the injection flow from the inject ports  204  along the axial direction towards the baffle portion  238 . 
     The baffle portion  238  may include one or more baffles  216 ,  218 . The one or more baffles  216 ,  218  may be concentrically disposed between the base pipe  202  and the screen mechanism  210 . The one or more baffles  216 ,  218  may be perforated tubing. A distribution annulus  222  may be formed between the baffle  216  and the base pipe  202 . A distribution annulus  224  that is radially outwards from the distribution annular  222  may be formed between the baffle  216  and the baffle  218 . The screen annulus  242  may be formed between the baffle  218  and the screen mechanism  210 . The baffles  216 ,  218  and the annulus  222 ,  224 ,  242  allow injection flow to distribute along the length of the screen mechanism  210 . 
     A plurality of through holes  232  are formed therethrough the baffle  216 . In one embodiment, the plurality of through holes  232  may be evenly distributed along the baffle  216 . Alternatively, at least one of size, density, shape, and pattern of the plurality of through holes  232  may be varied along axial and/or azimuthal direction of the baffle  216  to achieve desired distribution profile along the injection assembly  210 . Similarly, the baffle  218  has a plurality of through holes  234  formed therethrough. The plurality of through holes  234  may be evenly distributed or at least one of size, density, shape, and pattern of the plurality of through holes  234  may be varied along axial and/or azimuthal direction of the baffle  218 . 
     Although the baffle portion  238  of  FIG. 2  shows two baffles  216 ,  218 , less or more baffles may be used in the baffle portion  238  depending on process requirement and/or geometrical limitation of the base pipe  202  and the screen mechanism  210 . 
     It should be noted that the injection distribution device  228  may include two or more shield portions  236  when the base pipe  202  includes two or more sets of inject ports. A shield portion  236  may be disposed near each set of the inject ports. 
       FIG. 3  is a partial enlarged view of the injection assembly  200  showing injection flow near the inject ports  204 .  FIG. 4  is a schematic sectional view of the injection assembly  200  near the inject ports  204 . When the sliding sleeve  206  is in the open position, injection fluid or steam flows through the slit openings  208  in the sliding sleeve  206  and the inject ports  204  in the base pipe  202  to the injection annulus  230 . The injection blast pipe  214  shields the screen mechanism  210  from the injection flow and guides the injection flow towards the distribution annulus  222 . 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic sectional view of the injection assembly  200  showing injection flow through the baffles  216 ,  218 . In the distribution annulus  222 , the injection fluid or steam may be distributed along the baffle  216  by flowing axially away from the inject ports  204  and radially outwards via the through holes  232  to the distribution annulus  224 . In the distribution annulus  224 , the injection fluid or steam may be distributed along the baffle  218  by flowing axially towards the inject ports  204  and radially outwards via the through holes  234  to the screen annulus  240 . The injection fluid or steam may then exit the screen annulus  240  through the screen mechanism  210  to the formation zone. 
     The injection fluid or steam is usually close to a point injection near the inject ports  204 . The baffles  216 ,  218  functions to equalize the point injection along the length of the injection distribution device  228 . Patterns, dimensions and/or shapes of the through holes  232 ,  234  in the baffles  216 ,  218  may be arranged to achieve a desired equalization effect. 
       FIG. 6  schematically illustrates a baffle pattern arrangement in an injection distribution device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 6  illustrates patterns of an inner baffle  616  and an outer baffle  618 . The inner baffle  616  and the outer baffle  618  may be concentrically disposed. The inner baffle  616  may be used in position of the baffle  216  in  FIG. 2 . The outer baffle  618  may be used in position of the baffle  218  in  FIG. 2 . A first end  616   a  of the inner baffle  616  and a first end  618   a  of the outer baffle  618  are positioned proximal to an inject port, for example the inject port  204  of  FIG. 2 . A second end  616   b  of the inner baffle  616  and a second end  618   b  of the outer baffle  618  are positioned distal from the inject port. 
     The inner baffle  616  has a plurality of through holes  602  formed therethrough. Resistance to flow through the inner baffle  616  may be determined by size, shape, and/or distribution of the plurality of through holes  602 . The plurality of through holes  602  are arranged so that resistance to flow through the inner baffle  616  decreases along the direction from the first end  616   a  to the second end  616   b . The decreased flow resistance enables an equalized flow  604  from the first end  616   a  to the second end  616   b  in the distribution annulus  222  of the inner baffle  616 . To achieve the decreased resistance, the plurality of through holes  602  may vary in size, shape and/or distribution. In one embodiment, the plurality of through holes  602  are evenly distributed along the inner baffle while the size of the plurality of through holes  602  increases along the direction from the first end  616   a  to the second end  616   b . In another embodiment, the size of the plurality of through holes  602  is constant while the density of the plurality of through holes  602  increases along the direction from the first end  616   a  to the second end  616   b . In another embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 6 , the size of the plurality of through holes  602  increases along the direction from the first end  616   a  to the second end  616   b  and the density of the plurality of through holes  602  increases along the direction from the first end  616   a  to the second end  616   b . In another embodiment, the through holes  602  are configured to increase the flow through the holes  602  or in the direction along the inner baffle  616 . 
     The outer baffle  618  has a plurality of through holes  606  formed therethrough. The plurality of through holes  606  are arranged so that resistance to flow through the outer baffle  618  decreases along the direction from the second end  618   b  to the first end  618   a . The decreased flow resistance enables an equalized flow  608  from the second end  618   b  to the first end  618   a  in the distribution annulus  224  of the outer baffle  618 . To achieve the decreased flow resistance, the plurality of through holes  606  may vary in size, shape, and/or distribution. In one embodiment, the plurality of through holes  606  are evenly distributed along the inner baffle while the size of the plurality of through holes  606  increases along the direction from the second end  618   b  to the first end  618   a . In another embodiment, the size of the plurality of through holes  606  is constant while the density of the plurality of through holes  606  increases the direction from the second end  618   b  to the first end  618   a . In another embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 6 , the size of the plurality of through holes  602  increases along the direction from the second end  618   b  to the first end  618   a  and the density of the plurality of through holes  602  increases along the direction from the second end  618   b  to the first end  618   a.    
     The variation in flow resistance through the inner baffle  616  and the outer baffle  618  equalizes pressure and velocity of the injection flow along the length of an outlet, such as the screen mechanism  210 . The equalized flow not only improves injection performance but also protects the screen mechanism from being damaged by high pressure and/or high temperature injection flow. 
       FIG. 7  schematically illustrates a pattern arrangement for an injection distribution device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 7  illustrates patterns of an inner baffle  716  and an outer baffle  718 . The inner baffle  716  and the outer baffle  718  may be concentrically disposed. The inner baffle  716  may be used in position of the baffle  216  in  FIG. 2 . The outer baffle  718  may be used in position of the baffle  218  in  FIG. 2 . A first end  616   a  of the inner baffle  716  and a first end  718   a  of the outer baffle  718  are positioned towards an inject port, for example the inject port  204  of  FIG. 2 . A second end  716   b  of the inner baffle  716  and a second end  718   b  of the outer baffle  718  are positioned away from the inject port. 
     The inner baffle  716  has a plurality of through holes  702  formed therethrough. The inner baffle  716  is similar to the inner baffle  616  of  FIG. 6 . The plurality of through holes  702  are arranged so that fluid resistance through the inner baffle  716  decreases along the direction from the first end  716   a  to the second end  716   b . The decreased flow resistance enables a flow  704  from the first end  716   a  to the second end  716   b  in the distribution annulus  222  thus facilitate equalized flow along the length of the inner baffle  716 . 
     The outer baffle  718  has a plurality of through holes  706  formed therethrough. The plurality of through holes  706  are arranged so that fluid resistance through the outer baffle  718  remains substantially constant along the length of the outer baffle  718 . In one embodiment, the plurality of through holes  706  are of the same size and evenly distributed along the outer baffle  718 . The constant resistance arrangement enables minimal total flow resistance by the outer baffle  718 , therefore, allowing more flow and increasing efficient. 
       FIG. 8  is a schematic sectional view of an injection assembly  800  according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The injection assembly  800  is similar to the injection assembly  200  of  FIG. 2  except that the injection assembly  800  has a base pipe  802  that includes two sets of inject ports  204  and  804 . The two set of the inject ports  204  and  804  are positioned on opposite sides of an injection distribution device  828 . A second sliding sleeve  806  having a plurality of slit openings  808  is disposed inside the base pipe  802  to selectively open and close the second set of ports  804 . The injection distribution device  828  includes two injection blast pipes  214 ,  814  disposed over the inject ports  204 ,  804  respectively. One or more baffles, such as an inner baffle  816  and an outer baffle  818 , are disposed between the injection blast pipes  214 ,  814  to equalize injection flows come from both inject ports  204 ,  804 . The two sets inject ports  204  and  804  may open together or separately to achieve desired injection profile. 
       FIG. 9  schematically illustrates a through hole arrangement pattern suitable for the injection assembly  800 . A first end  816   a  of the inner baffle  816  and a first end  818   a  of the outer baffle  818  are the sliding sleeve  206  of  FIG. 2 . A second end  816   b  of the inner baffle  816  and a second end  818   b  of the outer baffle  818  are positioned near the second sliding sleeve  806 . 
     The inner baffle  816  has a plurality of through holes  906  formed therethrough. The outer baffle  818  has a plurality of through holes  910  formed therethrough. In one embodiment, the through holes  906 ,  910  may be arranged so that flow resistances through the inner baffle  816  and the outer baffle  818  are symmetrical about a middle line  902 . 
     The plurality of through holes  906  are arranged so that flow resistance through the inner baffle  816  decreases along the direction from the first end  816   a  to the middle line  902  and along the direction from the second end  816   b  to the middle lien  902 . The decreased flow resistance enables a flow  904  from the first end  816   a  to the center line  902  and from the second end  816   b  to the middle line  902 . To achieve the decreased resistance, the plurality of through holes  902  may vary in size, shape, and/or distribution. In one embodiment, the plurality of through holes  906  are evenly distributed along the inner baffle  816  while the size of the plurality of through holes  906  increases from the first end  816   a  to the middle line  902  and from the second end  816   b  to the middle line  902 . In another embodiment, the size of the plurality of through holes  906  is constant while the density of the plurality of through holes  906  increases from the first end  816   a  to the middle line  902  and from the second end  816   b  to the middle line  902 . In another embodiment, the size of the plurality of through holes  906  increases from the first end  816   a  to the middle line  902  and from the second end  818   b  to the middle line  902  and the density of the plurality of through holes  906  increases from the first end  816   a  to the middle line  902  and from the second end  816   b  to the middle line  902 . 
     The plurality of through holes  910  are arranged so that flow resistance through the outer baffle  818  decreases along the direction from the middle line  902  to the first end  818   a  and along the direction from the middle line  902  to the second end  818   b . The decreased flow resistance enables a flow  908  from the middle line to the first end  818   a  and from the middle line  902  to the second end  818   b  thus facilitate equalized flow along the length of the outer baffle  818 . To achieve the decreased resistance, the plurality of through holes  910  may vary in size and/or distribution. In one embodiment, the plurality of through holes  910  are evenly distributed along the inner baffle while the size of the plurality of through holes  910  increases from the middle line  902  to the first end  818   a  and from the middle line  902  to the second end  818   b . In another embodiment, the size of the plurality of through holes  910  is constant while the density of the plurality of through holes  910  increases from the middle line  902  to the first end  818   a  and from the middle line  902  to the second end  818   b . In another embodiment, the size of the plurality of through holes  910  increases from the middle line  902  to the first end  818   a  and from the middle line  902  to the second end  818   b  and the density of the plurality of through holes  910  increases from the middle line  902  to the first end  818   a  and from the middle line  902  to the second end  818   b.    
     One embodiment of the present disclosure relates to an injection distribution device comprising a shield portion and a baffle portion. The baffle portion includes a first baffle having a plurality of first openings formed therethrough, and a second baffle having a plurality of second openings formed therethrough, wherein at least a portion of the first baffle overlaps with the second baffle. 
     In one or more embodiments, the first baffle has a first end disposed close to the shield portion and a second end disposed away from the shield portion, the plurality of first openings are arranged so that a flow resistance through the first baffle decreases along the direction from the first end to the second end. 
     In one or more embodiments, size of the plurality of first openings increases along the direction from the first end to the second end. 
     In one or more embodiments, density of the plurality of first openings increases along the direction from the first end to the second end. 
     In one or more embodiments, the second baffle has a first end disposed close to the shield portion and a second end disposed away from the shield portion, the plurality of second openings are arranged so that a flow resistance through the second baffle increases along the direction from the first end to the second end. 
     In one or more embodiments, the plurality of second openings are of the same size and evenly distributed along the second baffle. 
     In one or more embodiments, the baffle portion has a length between about 15 ft to about 30 ft. 
     In one or more embodiments, the injection distribution device further includes a second shield portion, wherein the shield portion and the second shield portion are disposed on opposite ends of the baffle portion. 
     One embodiment of the present disclosure provides an injection assembly for injecting fluid or steam to a formation zone. The injection assembly includes a base pipe including an inject port, a screen member surrounding the base pipe, and an injection distribution device disposed between the base pipe and the screen member. The injection distribution device comprises a first baffle having a plurality of first openings formed therethrough, and a second baffle having a plurality of second openings formed therethrough, wherein at least a portion of the first baffle overlaps with the second baffle 
     In one or more embodiments, the first baffle has a first end disposed adjacent to the port and a second end disposed away from the port, the plurality of first openings are arranged so that a flow resistance through the first baffle decreases along the direction from the first end to the second end. 
     In one or more embodiments, the second baffle has a first end disposed adjacent to the port and a second end disposed away from the port, the plurality of second openings are arranged so that a flow resistance through the second baffle increases along the direction from the first end to the second end. 
     In one or more embodiments, the plurality of second openings are of the same size and evenly distributed along the second baffle. 
     In one or more embodiments, the baffle portion has a length between about 15 ft to about 30 ft. 
     In one or more embodiments, the injection distribution device further comprises a shield portion disposed around the port in the base pipe. 
     In one or more embodiments, the injection assembly further includes a sliding sleeve disposed inside the base pipe to selectively open and close the inject port. 
     One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for supplying a fluid into a formation zone. The method includes injecting a fluid from an interior of a base pipe to an exterior of the base pipe through an inject port formed through the base pipe, shielding a screen mechanism surrounding the base pipe with a shield portion of an injection distribution device and directing the flow of the fluid from the port towards a baffle portion of the injection distribution device, and flowing the fluid through one or more baffles in the baffle portion and a screen mechanism to the formation zone. 
     In one or more embodiments, the method further includes opening the inject port formed through the base pipe using a sliding sleeve disposed in the base pipe. 
     In one or more embodiments, the one or more baffles comprises a first baffle having a plurality of first openings formed therethrough, and the first baffle has a first end disposed close to the shield portion and a second end disposed away from the shield portion, the plurality of first openings are arranged so that a flow resistance through the first baffle decreases along the direction from the first end to the second end. In one or more embodiments, flowing the fluid through the one or more baffles comprises directing the fluid in a distribution annulus between the first baffle and the base pipe from the first end of the first baffle towards the second end of the first baffle. 
     In one or more embodiments, the one or more baffles further comprises a second baffle having a plurality of second openings formed therethrough, and the second baffle is disposed concentrically outside the first baffle, the second baffle has a first end disposed close to the shield portion and a second end disposed away from the shield portion, the plurality of second openings are arranged so that a flow resistance through the second baffle increases along the direction from the first end to the second end. In one or more embodiments, flowing the fluid through the one or more baffles comprises directing the fluid in a second distribution annulus between the second baffle and the first baffle from the second end of the second baffle towards the first end of the second baffle. 
     One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for injecting steam or liquid to a formation zone. The method includes positioning an injection distribution device between an inject port in a base pipe and a screen mechanism surrounding the base pipe. The injection distribution device comprises a tubular body having a shield portion and a baffle portion. The shield portion is disposed over the inject port of the base pipe. The baffle portion includes a first baffle having a plurality of first openings formed therethrough, and a second baffle having a plurality of second openings formed therethrough, wherein at least a portion of the first baffle overlaps with the second baffle. The method further includes injecting a flow of an injection steam or liquid from an interior of the base pipe to the formation zone through the inject port, the injection distribution device and the screen mechanism. 
     One embodiment of the present disclosure provides an injection distribution device including a first baffle having a plurality of first openings, and a second baffle having a plurality of second openings, wherein at least a portion of the second baffle overlap with the first baffle, and the plurality of second openings are arranged so that flow resistance of through the second baffle varies along a length of the second baffle. 
     In one or more embodiments, the flow resistance through the second baffle increases from a first end to a second along the length of the second baffle. 
     In one or more embodiments, the flow resistance through the second baffle increases from a first end to a center point and decreases from the center point to a second end. 
     In one or more embodiments, the flow resistance through the second baffle decreases from a first end to a center point and increases from the center point to a second end. 
     In one or more embodiments, the plurality of first openings are arranged in a manner that a flow resistance through the first baffle decreases from the first end to the second end along the length of the first baffle. 
     In one or more embodiments, the plurality of first openings are evenly distributed along the first baffle. 
     One embodiment of the present disclosure provides an injection distribution device comprising a base tubular having a port, a first baffle disposed around the base tubular and having a plurality of first openings formed therethrough, and a second baffle having a plurality of second openings formed therethrough, wherein at least a portion of the first baffle overlaps with the second baffle. 
     One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for supplying a fluid into a formation zone. The method includes injecting the fluid from an interior of a base pipe to an exterior of the base pipe through an inject port formed through the base pipe, directing the flow of fluid from the port along a first baffle disposed around the base pipe, allowing the fluid to selectively flow through a plurality of openings in the first baffle, allowing the fluid from the first baffle to selectively flow through a plurality of openings in a second baffle, and flowing the fluid from the second baffle through a screen mechanism to the formation zone. 
     One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for supplying a fluid into a formation zone. The method includes injecting the fluid from an interior of a base pipe to an exterior of the base pipe through an inject port formed through the base pipe, directing the flow of fluid from the port along a baffle disposed around the base pipe, wherein the baffle includes a plurality of openings configured to vary the flow resistance through the baffle along a length of the baffle, allowing the fluid to selectively flow through the plurality of openings in the baffle, and flowing the fluid from the baffle through a screen mechanism to the formation zone. 
     In one or more of the embodiments described herein, the first baffle is disposed concentrically relative to the second baffle. 
     In one or more of the embodiments described herein, the first baffle has an inner diameter that is larger than an outer diameter of the second baffle. 
     In one or more of the embodiments described herein, an annular area is defined between the first baffle and the second baffle. 
     While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present disclosure, other and further embodiments may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.