Patent Publication Number: US-2019192960-A1

Title: Game apparatus with matched outer and inner vessels and method of playing

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/273,658, filed Sep. 22, 2016, which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/293,401 filed Feb. 10, 2016, and U.S. provisional application No. 62/222,380, filed Sep. 23, 2015. The contents of each of the foregoing applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Games serve many purposes. They can be used to pass the time and are a form of amusement and entertainment. They provide escape, a way to have fun, socialize or engage in friendly competition with family and friends thereby promoting healthy social interactions. 
     Games can also be a valuable learning tool. Some games are interactive and require the player to think, experiment and adapt to changing conditions. These games can be useful for improving logic and reasoning skills, spatial reasoning, critical thinking, and reading skills. They can provide the young player with opportunities to engage in positive social interactions and develop useful social skills. 
     SUMMARY 
     The invention provides a game apparatus and method of playing the game that promotes critical thinking, exploration of the principles of buoyance and fluid mechanics while engaging in an enjoyable social activity. The invention provides an apparatus having a pair of matched inner and outer vessels effective to receive and hold a fluid such as water, a set of cards with text describing actions to be performed by the players that is content-matched to elements on the outer vessel, and a method for playing a game using the pair of matched inner and outer vessels and cards. 
     In one aspect, the invention provides an apparatus for playing a game that includes a pair of matched vessels: an inner vessel and an outer vessel. Each of the inner and outer vessels includes a bottom with a circular edge and lateral wall adjoining the circular edge that extends upward to form a vessel body with a hollow interior and a circular open top. The matched vessels are configured so the inner vessel is substantially upright and rotatable on its axis when placed at the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel. The outer vessel includes a plurality of outcome elements on its surface in a circular pattern concentric with the lateral wall of the outer vessel; and the inner vessel includes an outcome indicator on its surface that aligns with an outcome element on the outer vessel when the inner vessel is at the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel. 
     In some embodiments of an apparatus of the invention, the outer vessel has a height between about one and a half times to about eight times the height of the inner vessel and a hollow interior width that is greater than the width of the inner vessel, the hollow interior width and inner vessel width corresponding to respective widths at the same distance from the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel, the inner vessel width being determined when the inner vessel is placed at the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel, the hollow interior width of the outer vessel being no more than 50% greater than the width of the inner vessel. 
     In some embodiments of an apparatus of the invention, the lateral wall of the outer vessel body extends upward from the circular edge bottom at an outward angle of about 1° relative to the axis of symmetry of the outer vessel body to form a frusto-conical body having a bottom that is narrower than its top. 
     In some embodiments, the outer vessel has a toroidal base encircling the lower portion of the vessel body. In some embodiments, the plurality of outcome elements is disposed on the surface of the toroidal base. 
     In some embodiments, the outer vessel has a plurality of boundary mark, each boundary mark being disposed between adjacent outcome elements on the toroidal base surface to segment the toroidal base into portions, each corresponding to an outcome element. 
     In some embodiments of an apparatus of the invention, the plurality of outcome elements is disposed on the lateral wall of the outer vessel body. 
     In some embodiments of an apparatus of the invention, the inner vessel has a plurality of congruent fins, each having a flat helical segment with an inner longitudinal edge adjoining the exterior of the lateral surface of the inner vessel body, and a free outer longitudinal edge, each fin comprising a curvature between about 20° to about 60° relative to the open-top edge of the inner vessel body. In some embodiments, the fins have a width that is about a ¼ th  the width of the inner vessel body. 
     In some embodiments of an apparatus of the invention, the inner vessel has four horizontally, non-overlapping fins. 
     In some embodiments, the inner vessel further includes an outer cylindrical ring adjoining an upper portion of each of the fins, the outer cylindrical body encircling at least a portion of inner vessel body thereby forming the widest portion of the inner vessel. In some embodiments, the outer cylindrical ring is elevated relative to the inner vessel body. In some embodiments, the outer cylindrical ring has a height that is about half to about one and a half the height of the inner vessel body. 
     In some embodiments, the outer vessel has a bottom with a circular edge of about  4  inches wide and a circular open top of about 4.5 inches wide. In some embodiments, the matched inner vessel has an inner vessel body; four congruent, helical fins having an inner longitudinal edge that adjoins the lateral surface of the inner vessel body and a free outer longitudinal edge; and an outer cylindrical ring adjoining an upper portion of each fins to encircle at least a portion of the inner vessel body; wherein (a) the inner vessel body has a width about four times the width of one helical fin; (b) each fin has a width between the inner and outer longitudinal edges of about ½ an inch; and (c) the outer cylindrical ring has a width of about 3.5 inches wide. 
     In some embodiments of an apparatus of the invention, the outer vessel has a first alignment means centrally disposed on the interior surface of the bottom of the outer vessel and the inner vessel has a second alignment means centrally disposed on the exterior surface of the bottom of the inner vessel, the first and second alignment means having complementary surface contours that combine to limit rotation of the inner vessel when the inner vessel is at the bottom interior of the outer vessel. 
     In another aspect, the invention provides a plurality of playing cards, at least one of which includes an outcome element of claim  1 . 
     In another aspect, the invention provides a game set having a game apparatus with matched inner and outer vessels and a plurality of playing cards, at least one of which includes at least one outcome element on the outer vessel of the game apparatus. 
     In another aspect, the invention provides a method for two or more players to play a game using the apparatus of the invention that involves the steps of: (a) adding a select level of fluid to the hollow interior of the outer vessel; (b) placing the inner vessel in the fluid in the outer vessel to allow the inner vessel to float; and (c) requiring each player in turn to add at least a drop of fluid to the inner vessel body until a player causes the inner vessel to sink to the bottom of the outer vessel, wherein the player who causes the inner vessel to sink loses. 
     In some embodiments, the method further involves requiring the player who causes the inner vessel to sink to the bottom to draw a card from a plurality of cards, at least one of which includes at least one outcome element on the outer vessel of the game apparatus, and performing an act according to the textual description on the drawn card. 
     In some embodiments, the method further involves: (a) establishing an act associated with each outcome element on the outer vessel; (b) determining which outcome element on the outer vessel is aligned with the outcome indicator on the inner vessel when the inner vessel is at the bottom of the outer vessel; and (c) requiring the player who causes the inner vessel to sink to the bottom to preform the act associated with the outcome element determined in step (b). 
     Any feature or combination of features described herein are included within the scope of the present invention provided that the features included in any such combination are not mutually inconsistent as will be apparent from the context, this specification and the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used to practice the invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. 
     All patents and publications referenced or mentioned herein are indicative of the levels of skill of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, and each such referenced patent or publication is hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if it had been incorporated by reference in its entirety individually or set forth herein in its entirety. Applicants reserve the right to physically incorporate into this specification any and all materials and information from any such cited patents or publications. 
     Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and from the claims. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1A-1G  are schematic drawings providing various views of a two vessel game apparatus of the invention including: a top perspective view of game apparatus  10  that includes an outer vessel  20  and inner vessel  70  ( 1 A); a top perspective view of outer vessel  20  ( 1 B); a top perspective view of vessel  70  ( 1 C); a top view of vessel  70  ( 1 D); a bottom perspective view of vessel  70  ( 1 E); a vertical cross-sectional view of vessel  70  ( 1 F); a side view of vessel  70  ( 1 G); a vertical cross-sectional view of outer vessel  20  ( 1 H), a horizontal cross-sectional view of outer vessel  20  through base  30  along line  1 I- 1 I ( 1 I), and a vertical cross-sectional view of inner vessel  70  in an upright position at the bottom of the hollow interior of outer vessel  20  ( 1 J). 
         FIGS. 2A-2G  are schematic drawings providing various views of a two vessel game apparatus of the invention including: a top perspective view of game apparatus  100  that includes outer vessel and an inner vessel ( 2 A); a perspective view of outer vessel  120  from the top ( 2 B); a perspective view of inner vessel  170  from the top ( 2 C); a top view of outer vessel  120  ( 2 D); a perspective view of inner vessel  170  from the top ( 2 E); a perspective view of inner vessel  170  from the bottom ( 2 F); and a vertical cross-sectional view of inner vessel  170  ( 2 G). 
         FIGS. 3A-3E  are schematic drawings providing various views of a two vessel game apparatus of the invention including: a top perspective view of game apparatus  200  that includes an outer vessel and an inner vessel ( 3 A); a perspective view of outer vessel  220  from the top ( 3 B); a perspective view of inner vessel  70  from the top ( 3 C); a vertical cross-sectional view of outer vessel  220  ( 3 D); and a vertical cross-sectional view of inner vessel  270  ( 3 E). 
         FIGS. 4A-4E  are schematic drawings providing various views of a two-vessel game apparatus of the invention including: a top perspective view of game apparatus  300  that includes an outer vessel and an inner vessel ( 4 A); a perspective view of outer vessel  320  from the top ( 4 B); a perspective view of inner vessel  370  from the top ( 4 C); a vertical cross-sectional view of outer vessel  320  ( 4 D); and a vertical cross-sectional view of inner vessel  370  ( 4 E). 
         FIGS. 5A-5C  are flowcharts summarizing alternative methods of playing a game using the two-vessel game apparatus of the invention. 
         FIGS. 6A-6E  are flowcharts summarizing additional methods of playing a game of using the two-vessel game apparatus of the invention. 
         FIG. 7  is an illustration of a karma list that can be used in a game of the invention. 
         FIGS. 8A-8B  is a flowchart summarizing another method of playing a game of the invention ( 8 A) and a score table that can be used in a game of the invention. 
         FIGS. 9A-9F  illustrate karma cards that can be used in a game of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The invention provides a game apparatus with matched outer and inner vessels for playing a variety of games, as well as game rules that can be used. Exemplary embodiments of a game apparatus having matched outer and inner vessels and rules for playing a game using the pair of matched outer and inner vessels of the invention are illustrated in the Figures. A game apparatus of the invention includes a pair of matched vessels, an inner vessel and an outer vessel, each having a bottom with a circular edge and lateral wall adjoining the circular edge that extends upward to form a vessel body with a hollow interior and a circular open top. The matched vessels are configured so the inner vessel is substantially upright and rotatable on its axis when placed at the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel. The outer vessel includes a plurality of outcome elements on its surface in a circular pattern concentric with the lateral wall of the outer vessel; and the inner vessel includes an outcome indicator on its exterior surface that aligns with an outcome element on the outer vessel when the inner vessel is at the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel. 
     A game apparatus of the invention includes a pair of dimension-matched outer and inner vessels, the vessels being configured to enable the inner vessel to fit substantially upright within the hollow interior of the outer vessel so as to be rotatable on its axis. Both vessels have a body with a hollow interior effective to receive and hold a fluid, for example, a drink such as water or beer. The outer and inner vessels each include a vessel body having a bottom with a circular edge from which a lateral wall extends upward to form a hollow interior with a circular open top. 
     The outer vessel is larger than the matching inner vessel so as to fully contain the inner vessel in its hollow interior. The outer vessel can have a cylindrical body having a hollow interior with a circular cross-section of a constant radius. The outer vessel can have a frusto-conical body having a hollow interior with a circular cross-section of decreasing diameter toward the bottom of the vessel. 
     The outer vessel or the hollow interior of the outer vessel has a height between about 1.5 to about 8 times the height of the inner vessel body. For example, the height of the outer vessel or the height of the hollow interior of the outer vessel can be about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6 or about 7 times the height of the inner vessel body without the post (discussed below). The term “about” in reference to a numeric value means within 10% of the specified value.  FIG. 1J  provides a comparison of the height of an inner vessel of the invention with the height of the hollow interior of a matched outer vessel of the invention.  FIG. 1J  shows that the height of outer vessel  20  or its hollow interior, represented by O h , is just over 3 times the height of inner vessel  70 , represented by I h . In some embodiments, the outer vessel can be configured to have a hollow interior capacity that can hold a volume of fluid sufficient to allow the inner vessel and at least a portion of the post (discussed below) to be fully submerged in the fluid when the matched inner vessel sinks to the bottom of the outer vessel containing the fluid. The inner vessel is “fully submerged” when all but a portion of the central post (discussed below) is submerged or beneath the fluid. 
     In general, the hollow interior of an outer vessel of the invention has a cross-sectional diameter just wider than the width of the matched inner vessel at the corresponding distance from the bottom of the hollow interior so as to contain the inner vessel in a substantially upright position while providing sufficient clearance for the inner vessel to be rotatable on its axis as illustrated in  FIG. 1J . The outer and inner vessels are matched in that the width of the hollow interior of the outer vessel at any distance from the bottom of the hollow interior, is greater than the width of the inner vessel at the corresponding distance from the bottom of the hollow interior to enable the inner vessel to fit within the hollow interior of the outer vessel, while being no more than 50% greater than the width of the inner vessel to enabling the inner vessel adopt a substantially upright position and rotatable on its axis when at the bottom of the hollow interior as shown in  FIG. 1J . For example, the width of the hollow interior of outer vessel  20  at a first position, represented by W 1   c  in  FIG. 1J , is greater than the width of matched inner vessel  70  at the corresponding position, represented by W 1   i  in  FIG. 1J . Similarly, the width of the hollow interior of outer vessel  20  at a second position, represented by W 2   c  in  FIG. 1J , is greater than the width of matched inner vessel  70  at the corresponding position, represented by W 2   i  in  FIG. 1J . Thus, the inner vessel has a vertical profile that follows the interior surface of lateral wall  70 L of the outer vessel with which it is matched, the lateral surface of the hollow interior complementing the vertical profile of the matched inner vessel. 
     Thus, the width of the hollow interior of the outer vessel and the width of the inner vessel being compared herein correspond to respective widths at substantially similar distance from the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel, the width of the inner vessel being determined when the inner vessel is at the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel. 
     In some embodiments, the width of the hollow interior of the outer vessel is no more than 10% greater, or no more than 5% greater, than the width of the inner vessel at substantially similar positions above the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel, the width of the inner vessel being determined when the inner vessel is at the bottom of the hollow interior. The width of the hollow interior of the outer vessel can be, for example, about 28%, about 26%, about 24%, about 22%, about 20%, about 18%, about 16%, about 14%, about 12%, about 10%, about 8%, about 6%, about 4%, about 2%, or about 1% greater than the width of the inner vessel determined as discussed above. 
     The difference between the width of the hollow interior of the outer vessel and the width of the inner vessel provides clearance between the lateral walls of the outer and inner vessels contained within to allow the inner vessel to rotate on its axis. 
     In some embodiments, the lower portion of the hollow interior of the outer vessel body can be narrower than the upper portion of the hollow interior of the outer vessel body. In these embodiments, the difference between the width of the narrower portion of the hollow interior and the width of the inner vessel is also sufficient to provide clearance to allow the inner vessel to be rotatable on its axis, while enabling the inner vessel to adopt a substantially upright position as discussed above. 
     An inner vessel is substantially upright and rotatable in the outer vessel when the vertical axis of the inner vessel is within about 23° of the vertical axis of the outer vessel, for example, about 22°, about 21°, about 20°, about 19°, about 18°, about 17°, about 16°, about 15°, about 14°, about 13°, about 12°, about 10°, about 9°, about 8°, about 7°, about 6°, about 5°, about 4°, about 3°, about 2°, about 1° or about 0° degrees relative to the vertical axis of the outer vessel. As used herein the term “axis or “vertical axis” refers to the axis of rotation or axis of symmetry of the cylindrical or frusto-conical vessel body. 
     And inner vessel can have any convenient size or shape so long as it fits substantially upright within the hollow interior of the matched outer vessel and has substantial rotational symmetry. An inner vessel of the invention has a vessel body formed by a bottom with a circular edge and lateral wall extending upward from the circular edge bottom to a circular top. The lateral wall of the inner vessel body can extend directly upward to form a cylindrical vessel body (e.g.,  FIGS. 1E, 2C, 4C ) or extend upward at an outward angle to form a vessel with a frusto-conical body in which the top is wider than the bottom (e.g.  FIG. 3C ). The inner vessel body, whether cylindrical or frusto-conical, can optionally include a tapered bottom (e.g.,  FIGS. 3E, 4C, 4E ) for added stability. 
     In some embodiments, the matched inner vessel can include a plurality of substantially congruent, helical segments or fins attached to the exterior lateral surface of the vessel body to facilitate rotation of the inner vessel about its axis when the inner vessel, placed within a fluid-filled matched outer vessel, is filled to capacity and sinks to the bottom of the fluid-filled outer vessel. In these embodiments, the inner vessel can have, for example and without limitation, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more than 6 fins disposed substantially evenly on the exterior lateral surface of the inner vessel body. The helical fins have a generally flat structure with a first longitudinal edge, i.e., an inner edge, which adjoins the exterior lateral surface of the inner vessel body and a free, second longitudinal edge, i.e. a free outer edge. The helical fins can be sized and angled to be horizontally overlapping (fins  176  in  FIG. 2C ) or horizontally non-overlapping (fins  76  in  FIG. 1E ) based on the size of the inner vessel body, for example, based on its circumference and the height of its lateral wall. The helix angle of the fins can have any value greater than 0° and less than 90°, for example, about 10°, about 15°, about 20°, about 25°, about 30°, about 35°, about 40°, about 45°, about 50°, about 55°, about 60°, about 65°, about 70°, about 75°, about 80°, or about 85° relative to the post or axis of rotation of the inner vessel body. 
     The matched inner vessel can, optionally, include an outer cylindrical ring for added stability ( FIG. 1C, 1E ). Where present, the outer cylindrical ring encircles the fins and inner vessel body, thereby forming the widest portion of the inner vessel. Where present, the outer ring can be elevated or leveled with the fins and inner vessel body, and can have a lateral surface that is about ½ to about 1 &amp; ¼ times the height of the lateral wall of the inner vessel body. 
     The inner vessel also includes a central post to facilitate retrieval from the outer vessel. See for example,  FIG. 1C , post  74 . The central post extends directly upward from the center of the interior bottom of the inner vessel body and can have a height at least 1 and ½ times to about 5 times the height of the inner vessel. The central post has an axis of symmetry or axis of rotation coinciding with the axis of symmetry or axis of rotation of the inner vessel body. 
     The pair of matched outer and inner vessels of the invention also includes position-matched outcome elements and outcome indicator. 
     An outcome element can be a symbol, number, lower or upper case Arabic or non-Arabic alphabet, icon, regular or irregular shape, pictogram, image, or any combination thereof disposed on the surface of an outer vessel of the invention in a circular pattern concentric with the lateral wall of the outer vessel body. An outer vessel of the invention typically includes a plurality of outcome elements. In some embodiments, the outer vessel includes a plurality of boundary marks separating the outer vessel into regions or portions that are each associated with an outcome element of the plurality of outcome elements. Each boundary mark separates adjacent outcome elements so as to mark the boundary of a portion of base associated with a particular outcome element. A boundary mark can be any mark, symbol, indentation or depression, ridge, number, lower or upper case Arabic or non-Arabic alphabet, icon, shape, pictogram, image of any size, shape or color that is different from the outcome elements on the outer vessel thus allowing it to demarcate the boundaries of a region or portion of an outer vessel that is associated with a particular outcome element on the outer vessel. Examples of outcome element and boundary marks include element  32  and mark  34  illustrated in  FIG. 1B . 
     An outcome indicator can be any mark, symbol, indentation or depression, ridge, number, lower or upper case Arabic or non-Arabic alphabet, icon, shape, pictogram, image of any size, shape or color that is visible on the inner vessel and is effective to indicate the rotational orientation or position of the inner vessel relative to the outer vessel. An outcome indicator can be disposed on the surface of any component of the inner vessel in a position that allows the outcome indicator to be visible and position matched with an outcome element on the outer vessel. In a pair of matched outer and inner vessels, the outcome indicator on the inner vessel is position matched with the plurality of outcome elements on the outer vessel when the outcome indicator on the inner vessel can point to, or align or associate with, an outcome element on the outer vessel when the inner vessel is substantially upright at the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel. Where the outcome indicator is elongated, for example, a line, an elongated depression or ridge, or an arrow, the outcome indicator can be parallel to the vertical axis of the inner vessel body. Where the outcome indicator is a direction-indicating shape such as an arrow, the outcome indicator is positioned to allow it to point to an outcome element on the outer vessel. The outcome indicator can extend in any direction, for example, upward, downward or obliquely, so long as it is position matched with the plurality of outcome elements on the outer vessel to enable it to point to, aligns with, or otherwise associates with a particular outcome element or a region or portion of the outer vessel corresponding to a particular outcome element when the inner vessel sinks to the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel. An example of an outcome indicator is element  80  illustrated in  FIG. 1C . 
     The pair of matched outer and inner vessels also includes complementary alignment means on surfaces of the inner and outer vessels that are opposing when the inner vessel is at the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel. The alignment means on the inner vessel is on the underside of the inner vessel situated about the center of the bottom&#39;s exterior surface. The complementary alignment means on the outer vessel is at the bottom of the hollow interior situated about the center of the interior bottom surface of the outer vessel. The alignment means on the outer and inner vessels include complementary protrusions of a regular or irregular pattern that engage when the inner vessel is at the bottom of the hollow interior of the outer vessel to enable the inner vessel to maintain a particular rotational orientation or position relative to the outer vessel. 
     In some embodiments, the outer vessel can include a base to support the outer vessel body and/or receive fluid spillage during game play. The base can be a plate with rim on which the outer vessel body is disposed. The base can be a toroidal ring encircling a portion of the outer vessel body, for example, encircling the bottom portion of the outer vessel body to add stability. The base can be constructed of the same or different materials than the transparent outer vessel body and can be constructed as a separate component separable from the outer vessel body or constructed as an inseparable integral component of the outer vessel body. 
     In some embodiments, the outer vessel can include a fluid level indicator in the form of a letter, number, shape, symbol, color, icon, image, line, depression, ridge, or any combination thereof to indicate a desired level of fill, for example, a level of fluid that the outer vessel can hold without overflowing when the matched inner vessel filled to capacity is submerged in the fluid-filled outer vessel. 
     The inner and outer vessel can be constructed of any material known to those skilled in the art. The transparent outer vessel body can be made of any transparent material known to those skilled in the art including, for example, and without limitation, glass or transparent plastics such as acrylic (polymethlamethacrylate), butyrate (cellulose acetate butyrate), polycarbonate, glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) or any combination thereof. The inner vessel can be made of materials that allow it to float in water when empty. Examples include, without limitation, a natural or synthetic resin, plastic, polymer or any combination thereof. The inner vessel material can have a density at, below, or above about 1 g/cm 3 , for example, about 0.5 g/cm 3  to about 3 g/cm 3 . The density of the inner vessel can be about 0.75 g/cm 3 , about 0.8 g/cm 3 , about 0.85 g/cm 3 , about 0.9 g/cm 3 , about 0.95 g/cm 3 , about 1 g/cm 3 , about 1.05 g/cm 3 , about 1.10 g/cm 3 , about 1.15 g/cm 3 , about 1.2 g/cm 3 , about 1.25 g/cm 3 , about 1.3 g/cm 3 , about 1.35 g/cm 3 , about 1.4 g/cm 3 , about 1.45 g/cm 3 , about 1.5 g/cm 3 , about 1.75 g/cm 3 , about 2 g/cm 3 , about 2.25 g/cm 3 , about 2.5 g/cm 3 , about 2.75 g/cm 3  or about 3 g/cm 3 . Non-limiting examples of materials that can be used in a vessel of the invention, or optionally, the base for the outer vessel include one or more synthetic or non-synthetic materials including, without limitation, metals, elastomers as well as thermoplastics or thermosetting polymers. Specific examples include, without limitation, thermoplastics such as polyester resin, acetal resin, nylon resin and other engineering-type thermoplastics such as acetals. Additional examples include: ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), Nylon 6, Nylon 6-6, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE/Teflon), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonates (PC), polyamides (PA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polysulphone (PSU), polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyimides, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyoxymethylene plastic (POM/Acetal), high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyetheretherketone. 
     In some embodiments, the inner vessel can be constructed with a weight of about 25 grams to about 700 grams. For example, the inner vessel can be about 125 grams, about 150 grams, about 175 grams, about 200 grams, about 250 grams, or about 275 grams. The weight of the inner vessel can be evenly distributed throughout the body of the inner vessel, or alternatively, the inner vessel can be constructed with a solid bottom so as to be bottom heavy ( FIGS. 3C, 4C ). 
     The inner and outer vessel can be constructed using methods known to those skilled in the art including injection molding. The components of the outer and inner vessel can be constructed separately and then assembled and/or attached using known means including, for example, using an adhesive or a snapfit mechanism. Alternatively, one or more components can be constructed as an integral part of the vessel body. For example, the inner vessel body, post, fins, and outer ring can be integrally formed using an injection molding process. 
     The invention also provides karma cards  701 - 757  ( FIGS. 9A-9F ) that can be used with a game apparatus of the invention. Karma cards  701 - 757  are content matched with a game apparatus of the invention in that one or more of karma cards  701 - 757  include one or more outcome elements on the outer vessel of the matched game apparatus. Where a karma card includes one or more outcome elements found on the outer vessel, e.g., karma cards  703 ,  706 - 710 , the karma card also stipulates one or more actions to be performed for one or more outcome elements on the karma card. 
     In another aspect, the invention provides methods for playing a game using the pair of matched vessels. Generally, the outer vessel is filled with a desired amount of fluid. The inner vessel is then placed into the fluid-filled outer vessel, allowing it to float freely in the fluid. Two or more players take turns adding at least a drop of a fluid, for example, water or beer, to the inner vessel until a player causes the inner vessel to sink. The player who causes the inner vessel to sink loses. In some embodiments of a game of the invention, the player who causes the inner vessel to sink is required to draw a karma card and perform the actions described on the drawn card. In some embodiments, players can agree to an action for each outcome element on the outer vessel prior to the start of game play, and the player who causes the inner cup to sink is required to perform the action established for a particular outcome element to which the outcome indicator points to or aligns with. 
     Specific embodiments of the invention are described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Example  1   
     Game Apparatus  10   
     An embodiment of a game apparatus of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 1A . Game apparatus  10  includes outer vessel  20  ( FIG. 1B ) and inner vessel  70  ( FIG. 1C ). 
     Outer vessel  20  includes transparent, open-top vessel body  22  and toroidal base  30  ( FIGS. 1B, 1H ). Transparent vessel body  22  includes lateral portion  22 L extending upward at an outward angle of about 1° from the circular edge of bottom  22 B to form a frusto-conical body having open top  22 T and hollow interior  22 C through which it receives and holds a fluid. The outward angle of lateral wall  22 L can be determined relative to the axis of symmetry of outer vessel body  22 . As such, open top  22 T has a greater diameter than bottom  22 B resulting in a trapezoidal vertical cross-section with a 2° bottom taper, for example, as shown in  FIG. 1H  (vertical cross-section of body  22  includes a structure resembling an isosceles trapezoid). In another embodiment, the transparent, open-top body of outer vessel  20  can have a cylindrical structure form by a lateral portion that extends directly upward from the circular edge of the bottom resulting in a cylindrical vertical cross-section. 
     Outer vessel  20  also includes toroidal base  30  having a structure resembling a torus ( FIGS. 1A, 1B ) with a trapezoidal vertical cross-section as shown in  FIG. 1H . In other embodiments, toroidal base  30  can have the structure of a torus with a vertical cross-section of any shape including, for example, a rectangular, square or circular cross-section. Irrespective of cross-sectional shape, toroidal base  30  is configured with a center opening at least wider than the width of open-top body  22  where their surfaces contact or where their surfaces come in closest proximity to enable open-top body  22  to be placed in center opening of toroidal base  30  as shown in  FIGS. 1A-1B &amp; 1H-1I . 
     Toroidal base  30  includes, on its surface, a plurality of outcome element  32 —the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6—uniformly spaced in a circular pattern generally concentric with outer vessel body  22  ( FIGS. 1A, 1B ). Toroidal base  30  also includes six boundary marks  34  that function to separate base  30  into six portions, each portion being associated with a particular outcome element  32  ( FIGS. 1A, 1B ). Boundary mark  34 , which occurs between each of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, separates base  30  into six portions, each portion being associated with one number of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. For example, the two boundary marks  34  on each side the number “4” on base  30  ( FIG. 1B ) act to identify the portion of base  30  associated with the number “4”. 
     Inner vessel  70  ( FIG. 1C ) is dimensioned to fit inside hollow interior  22 C of outer vessel  20  so as to be substantially upright and rotatable on its axis of symmetry when placed into outer vessel  20  containing a fluid ( FIG. 1B ). Inner vessel  70  includes: inner vessel body  72 , post  74  extending upwardly from center of inner vessel body  72 , outer cylindrical ring  78 , four horizontally, non-overlapping fins  76  that connect inner vessel body  72  and outer cylindrical ring  78 , and outcome indicator  80  on outer cylindrical ring  78  ( FIG. 1C-1G ). Inner vessel body  72  includes lateral wall  72 L extending upward from the circular edge of bottom  72 L to open top  72 T forming hollow interior  72 C. As such, inner vessel body  72  is effective to receive and hold a fluid. Post  74  extends upwardly from center bottom  72 B and allows inner vessel  70  to be conveniently lifted out of outer vessel  20 . 
     The four horizontally, non-overlapping fins  76  of inner vessel  70  are flat, helical segments joining inner vessel body  72  and outer cylindrical ring  78 . Each fin  76  has two longitudinal edges, inner edge  76 L I  and an outer edge  76 L O , and two lateral edges, upper edge  76 S U  and lower edge  76 S L . Inner edge  76 L I  adjoins the exterior side of lateral wall  72 L, and outer edge  76 L O , is a primarily free edge having an upper portion that adjoins lateral wall  78 L of outer cylindrical ring  78  as illustrated in  FIG. 1D  (see also  FIGS. 1C, 1E-1G ). 
     Fins  76  are substantially congruent, each having a width about ¼ the width of inner vessel body  72 . For example, an inner vessel body about 2 inches wide can be configured with four congruent fins of about 0.5 inches wide. 
     Fins  76  are oriented at an angle about 25° with respect to the top or bottom edge of inner vessel body  72  or ring  78 . In some embodiments, the fins on an inner vessel of the invention can have angles between about 20° to about 60° with respect to the top or bottom edge of the inner vessel body or outer cylindrical ring, for example, about 25°, about 30°, or about 35° with respect to the top or bottom edge of the inner vessel body or outer cylindrical ring ( FIG. 1G ). The fins can have a curvature ranging between about 30° to about 70° with respect to the vertical axis v as shown for inner vessel body  72 , for example, about 35°, about 40°, or about 45° with respect to the vertical axis v. As used herein, the term “about” means within 10% of a recited value. The term “vertical axis,” as used herein with respect to an inner vessel body, refers to axis of symmetry or axis of rotation of the inner vessel body, and can correspond to a vertical line passing through the center of post, for example, post  74  of inner vessel body  72 . 
     Fins  76  are vertically aligned with respect to the top or bottom of inner vessel body  72  ( FIG. 1E ); having similar lengths and curvature, they are disposed at similar distances from the top or bottom of inner vessel body  72 . The lengths and curvatures of fins  76  are selected using methods known to those skilled in the art taking into account the size of the inner vessel body, for example, its circumference, so as to maintain spacing between the ends of adjacent fins, for example, spacing  77  ( FIG. 1D ), when uniformly spaced on the exterior lateral surface of inner vessel body  72 . And as such fins  76  are horizontally, non-overlapping ( FIG. 1D ). 
     Inner vessel  70  also includes outer cylindrical ring  78 , which is attached to inner vessel body  72  through fins  76  ( FIGS. 1C, 1E-1G ). Outer cylindrical ring  78  has lateral surface  78 L, the height of which is about ¾ the height of lateral surface  72 L. The lateral surface of the outer cylindrical ring of an inner vessel can be about ½ to about 1 &amp; ¼ times the height of the lateral surface of the inner vessel body. For example, wherein the inner vessel body has a height of about  1  inch, the outer cylindrical ring can have a height about 0.8 inches. Outer cylindrical ring  78  encircles the upper portion of fins  76  and inner vessel body  72  through attachment to the upper portions of fins  76 . As such, outer cylindrical ring  78  is elevated relative to fins  76  and inner vessel body  72 . In addition, outer cylindrical ring  78  is attached to fins  76  through the outer edges of fins  76 , the outer edges of fin  76  adjoining the inner lateral surface of outer cylindrical ring  78 . As such, outer cylindrical ring  78  forms the upper and widest portion of inner vessel  70 , the width of outer cylindrical ring  78  corresponding to the width of the widest portion of inner vessel  70 , while inner vessel body  72  and fins  76  form the lower and narrower portion of inner vessel  70 , the distance from outer edge to outer edge of opposing fins  76  corresponding to the width of the lower narrow portion of inner vessel  70 . The 
     The outer cylindrical ring of an inner vessel of the invention can be elevated or leveled relative to inner vessel body  72 . As used herein, the term “elevated” or “leveled with” as used in referenced to the position of the outer cylindrical ring relative to the inner vessel body of an inner vessel of the invention refers to the relative positions of their vertical mid-point. The vertical mid-point of the outer cylindrical ring is a region on the ring half way between the top and bottom circular edges of the cylindrical ring. The vertical mid-point of the inner vessel body is a region on the inner vessel body half way between the circular edge of the open-top and the circular edge of the bottom of the inner vessel body. The outer cylindrical ring is elevated relative to the inner vessel body if the mid-point of the outer cylindrical ring is higher than that of the inner vessel body. The outer cylindrical ring is leveled with the inner vessel body if the mid-point of the outer cylindrical ring is leveled with that of the inner vessel body. Whether at an elevated or leveled position, the lower edge of the outer cylindrical ring can be elevated with respect to the lower edge of the inner vessel body so as to form a body with a wider upper portion and a narrower lower portion. In some embodiments, where the outer cylindrical ring has a height of about ¾ the height of the inner vessel body, the lower edge of the outer cylindrical ring can be elevated with respect to the lower edge of the inner vessel body so as to encircle about the upper 20% to 25% of the inner vessel body to form an inner vessel body with a wider upper half and a narrower lower half. 
     For example, an inner vessel can have vessel body about 2 inches wide, configured with four equally spaced congruent fins of about 0.5 inches wide. In this embodiment, outer ring can be about 3 and a half to just under 4 inches wide, while the matched outer vessel can have a bottom width of about 4 inches at the bottom to about 4.5 inches at the open top with a vessel body taper between about 1° to about 3°. The outer vessel can be about three times taller than the inner vessel, for example, the outer vessel can have height of between about 5 inches to about 5.5 inches, while the inner vessel can have a height of about 2 inches with a central post extending about 2 to 2.5 inches above the inner vessel. 
     Inner vessel  70  also include outcome indicator  80 , an upward pointing arrow on outer cylindrical ring  78  as shown in  FIG. 1C . Outcome indicator  80  indicates the rotational orientation or position of inner vessel  70  relative to outer vessel  20  by, for example, aligning or pointing to an outcome element on outer vessel  20  or to a region or portion of base  30  associated with a particular outcome element. When inner vessel  70  is at the bottom interior of outer vessel  20 , outcome indicator  80  on inner vessel  70  points upward toward or in the general vicinity of, and/or rotationally aligns with, one of the outcome element  32  or aligns with a portion of base  30  associated with a particular outcome element  32 . 
     Example 2 
     Game Apparatus  100   
     Another embodiment of a game apparatus of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 2A . Game apparatus  100  includes outer vessel  120  ( FIG. 2B ) and inner vessel  170  ( FIGS. 2B, 2C ). 
     Outer vessel  120  includes transparent, vessel body  122  and, optionally, base  130  for stability and/or receiving spillage ( FIGS. 2B, 2D ). Transparent vessel body  122  has lateral wall  122 L extending directly upward from bottom  122 B to open top  122 T to form hollow interior  122 C by which outer vessel  120  receives and holds a fluid. As such, transparent body  122  has a cylindrical structure with an open top and hollow center. Transparent body  122  includes inner alignment means  128  disposed on bottom  122 B for engaging with inner vessel  170 . Transparent body  122  also includes a plurality of outcome elements  132 —the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6—uniformly spaced in a circular pattern on lateral wall  122 L ( FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2D ), the circular pattern of the plurality of outcome elements  132  being concentric with lateral wall  122 L. Outcome elements  132  can be at any distance from bottom  122 B including, for example, at positions just above bottom  122 B ( FIG. 2B ), level with engagement means  128 , above engagement means  128 , or midway up the side of lateral wall  122 L so long as it is position matched with outcome indicator  180  on inner vessel  170  as discussed herein for outcome elements and outcome indicators on matched inner and outer vessels. In some embodiments, outcome elements  132  can be on base  130  uniformly spaced in a circular pattern that is concentric with lateral wall  122 L. Transparent body  122  and/or base  130  can include boundary marks as described above for toroidal base  30 . Base  130  can be any shape or configuration sufficient to add stability and/or receive spillage from body  122 . For example, base  130  can be a round, oval, square, polygonal flat or concave plate. 
     Inner vessel  170  is dimensioned to fit inside of body  122  so as to be substantially upright and rotatable on its axis of symmetry when placed into outer vessel body  122  containing a fluid. Inner vessel  170  includes: inner vessel body  172 , post  174  extending upwardly from center of inner vessel body  172 , six substantially congruent fins  176  on the exterior of lateral wall  172 L of inner vessel body  172 , alignment means  178  at the underside of inner vessel body  172  for engaging with outer vessel  120 , and outcome indicator  180  ( FIGS. 2C-2G ). Inner vessel body  172  has bottom  172 B, lateral wall  172 L extending upwardly from the circular edges of bottom  172 B to open-top  172 T thereby forming hollow interior  172 C ( FIGS. 2C, 2E-2G ). As such, inner vessel body  172  is effective to receive and hold a fluid such as water or beer. Post  174  extends upwardly from the center of bottom  172 B and allows inner vessel  170  to be conveniently lifted out of outer vessel  120 . 
     The six substantially congruent fins  176  are flat, helical segments adjoining exterior of lateral wall  172 L of inner vessel body  172 . Fins  176  allow inner vessel  172  to rotate about its vertical axis as it sinks to the bottom of a fluid-filled outer vessel when placed into a fluid-filled outer vessel. Fin  176  can have a width that is about ⅕ to about ½ the width of inner vessel body  172 . Each fin  176  has an inner edge that adjoins the exterior of lateral wall  172 L ( FIGS. 2C, 2E-2G ) and a free outer edge as described above for fin  76 . Fin  176  can be oriented at an angle between about 20° to about 60° with respect to the top or bottom edge of inner vessel body  172 , for example, about 25°, about 30°, or about 35° with respect to the top or bottom edge of inner vessel body  172  ( FIG. 1G ). Fin  176  can have a curvature between about 30° to about 70°with respect to the vertical axis of inner vessel body  172 , for example, about 35°, about 40°, or about 45° with respect to the vertical axis of inner vessel body  172 . As used herein, the term “about” means within 10% of a recited value. The term “vertical axis,” as used herein with respect to inner vessel body  172 , refers to the axis of symmetry or axis of rotation of inner vessel body  172 , and can correspond to a vertical line passing through the center of post  174 . 
     The six fins  176  are vertically aligned with respect to the top or bottom of inner vessel body  172 ; having similar lengths and curvature, they are disposed at similar distances from the top or bottom of inner vessel body  172 . The lengths and curvatures of fins  176  are selected using methods known to those skilled in the art taking into account the size of the inner vessel body, for example, its height and circumference, so as to maintain uniform spacing on the exterior lateral surface of inner vessel body  172  ( FIGS. 2E, 2F ). 
     Inner vessel  70  includes alignment means  178 , configured to complement alignment means  128  of outer vessel  120 . Alignment means  178  adjoins the bottom of inner vessel body  172  and includes a plurality of protrusions and depressions forming a surface contour that complement that of alignment means  128  on the interior bottom of outer vessel  120 . Engagement of alignment means  178  of inner vessel  170  with alignment means  128  of outer vessel  120  limits rotational movement of inner vessel  170  and/or allows inner vessel  170  to hold or maintain a stable position when inner vessel  170  reaches the bottom of outer vessel  120  during game play. 
     Outcome indicator  180  is a downward pointing arrow on inner vessel body  172  ( FIG. 2E-2F ) that indicates the rotational orientation or position of inner vessel  170  with respect to outer vessel  120 . Outcome indicator  180  indicates the rotational orientation or position of inner vessel  170  relative to outer vessel  120  by, for example, aligning or pointing to an outcome element on outer vessel  120  or to a region or portion of outer vessel  120  corresponding to a particular outcome element. When inner vessel  170  is at the bottom interior of outer vessel  120 , outcome indicator  180  on inner vessel  170  points downward to the vicinity of, and/or rotationally aligns with, one of the outcome element  132 . Engagement of alignment means  128  and  178  allow inner vessel  170  to adopt a position at the bottom interior of outer vessel  120  such that outcome indicator  180  aligns with a particular outcome element  132  on outer vessel  120 . 
     Example 3 
     Game Apparatus  200   
     Another embodiment of a game apparatus of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 3A . Game apparatus  200  includes outer vessel  220  ( FIG. 3B ) and inner vessel  270  ( FIG. 3C ). 
     Outer vessel  220  includes transparent body  222  formed by lateral wall  222 L, which extends upward and outwardly from circular edge of bottom  222 B to form a frusto-conical vessel body having open top  222 T and hollow interior  222 C thereby enabling outer vessel  220  to receive and hold a fluid ( FIG. 3B ). Lateral wall  222 L includes a thicker lower portion and a thinner upper portion, and as such, hollow interior  222 C has a narrower lower portion and a wider upper portion as apparent from the relative diameter d 1  and d 2  illustrated in  FIG. 3D . In another embodiment, the transparent, open-top body of outer vessel  220  can have a cylindrical structure form by a lateral portion that extends directly upward from the circular edge of the bottom resulting in a cylindrical vertical cross-section, the vessel body having a constant width and the hollow interior a constant inner diameter. 
     Outer vessel  220  includes a plurality of outcome elements  232 —the numbers 1, 2, 3 (not shown), 4 (not shown), 5 (not shown) and 6—uniformly spaced in a circular pattern on lateral wall  222 L of transparent body  222  ( FIGS. 3A-3B ), the circular pattern of outcome elements  132  being concentric with lateral wall  222 L. Outcome elements  232  can be at any distance from bottom  222 B including, for example, at positions just above bottom  222 B ( FIGS. 3A-3B ), level with engagement means  228 , above engagement means  228 , or midway up the side of lateral wall  222 L so long as it is position matched with outcome indicator  280  on inner vessel  270  as discussed herein for outcome elements and outcome indicators on matched inner and outer vessels. In some embodiments, transparent body  222  can include boundary marks as described above for outer vessels  20  and  120 . 
     Outer vessel  220  also includes inner alignment means  228  disposed at bottom  222 B for engaging with inner vessel  270  ( FIG. 3B, 3D ). Outer vessel  220  also includes fluid level indicator  230  on the surface of transparent body  222  that indicates a level of fill so as to minimize overflow when inner vessel  270  displaces water as it sinks in the water in outer vessel  220 . 
     Inner vessel  270  ( FIGS. 3C, 3E ) is dimensioned to fit inside outer vessel body  222  so as to be substantially upright and rotatable on its axis of symmetry when placed into outer vessel body  222  containing a fluid. Inner vessel  270  includes: inner vessel body  272 , post  274  extending upwardly from interior center of inner vessel body  272 , alignment means  278  on the exterior underside of inner vessel body  272  for engaging with outer vessel  220 , fluid level indicator  274 , and outcome indicator  280  ( FIG. 3C ). 
     Inner vessel body  272  includes lateral wall  272 L extending upward in an outward angle from the circular edge of solid bottom  272 S to open top  272 T forming hollow interior  272 C thereby enabling inner vessel body  272  to receive and hold a fluid ( FIGS. 3C, 3E ). The lower portion of inner vessel  270  is dimensioned to fit into the narrower lower portion of hollow interior  222 C of outer vessel body  222  to facilitate upright positioning of the inner vessel  270  within outer vessel  220  as inner vessel  270  sinks to the bottom of hollow interior  272 C and to enable engagement of alignment means  278  on inner vessel  270  with alignment means  228  on outer vessel  220 . Solid base  272 S adds weight to inner vessel  270  resulting in a bottom heavy vessel. The solid base can enable the inner vessel to maintain a substantially upright position and facilitate sinking of the inner vessel when it is filled to capacity with a fluid such as water. Inner vessel  270  can have a weight from about 25 grams to about 700 grams, for example, about 125, about 150, about 175, about 200, about 250 or about 275 grams. The weight of the inner vessel can be evenly distributed throughout the body of the inner vessel or alternatively, the inner vessel can be bottom heavy, for example, as is inner vessel  270 . 
     Inner vessel  270  includes post  274 , which extends upward from base  272 S and allows inner vessel  270  to be conveniently lifted out of outer vessel  220 . 
     Alignment means  278  of inner vessel  270  ( FIG. 3C, 3E ) is configured to complement alignment means  228  of outer vessel  220 . Alignment means  278  adjoins the underside of inner vessel body  272  and includes a plurality of protrusions and depressions forming a surface contour that complement that of alignment means  228  on the interior bottom of outer vessel  220 . Engagement of alignment means  278  of inner vessel  270  with alignment means  228  of outer vessel  220  limits rotational movement of inner vessel  270  or allows inner vessel  270  to hold position when inner vessel  270  reaches the bottom of outer vessel  220  during game play. 
     Inner vessel  270  includes outcome indicator  280  ( FIG. 3C ), a line on lateral wall  272 L of inner vessel body  272  that indicates the rotational orientation or position of inner vessel  270  with respect to outer vessel  220 . When inner vessel  270  is at the bottom interior of outer vessel  220 , outcome indicator  280  on inner vessel  270  can rotationally align with one of outcome element  232  or aligns with a portion of outer vessel  230  near a particular outcome element  32 . Engagement of alignment means  228  and  278  allow inner vessel  270  to adopt a position at the bottom interior of outer vessel  220  such that outcome indicator  280  aligns with a particular outcome element  232  on outer vessel  220 . 
     Example 4 
     Game Apparatus  300   
     Another embodiment of a game apparatus of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 4A . Game apparatus  300  includes outer vessel  320  ( FIG. 4B ) and inner vessel  370  ( FIG. 4C ). 
     Outer vessel  320  includes transparent vessel body  322  formed by lateral wall  322 L, which extends directly upward from circular edge of bottom  322 B to form a cylindrical vessel having open top  322 T and hollow interior  322 C thereby enabling outer vessel  320  to receive and hold a fluid ( FIGS. 4B, 4D ). Lateral wall  322 L includes a thicker lower portion and a thinner upper portion, and as such, hollow interior  322 C has a narrower lower portion and a wider upper portion as apparent from the relative diameter d 3  and d 4  illustrated in  FIG. 4D . 
     Outer vessel  320  includes a plurality of outcome elements  332 —the numbers 1 (not shown), 2 (not shown), 3 (not shown), 4, 5 and 6—uniformly spaced in a circular pattern on lateral wall  322 L of transparent body  322  ( FIGS. 4A-4B ), the circular pattern of outcome elements  132  being concentric with lateral wall  322 L. Outcome elements  332  can be at any distance from bottom  322 B including, for example, at positions just above bottom  322 B ( FIGS. 4A-4B ), level with engagement means  328 , above engagement means  328 , or midway up the side of lateral wall  322 L so long as it is position matched with outcome indicator  380  on inner vessel  370  as discussed herein for outcome elements and outcome indicators on matched inner and outer vessels. In some embodiments, transparent body  322  can include boundary marks as described above for outer vessels  20 ,  120 , and  220 . 
     Outer vessel  320  also includes inner alignment means  328  disposed at bottom  322 B for engaging with inner vessel  370  ( FIG. 4B, 4D ). In some embodiments, outer vessel  320  can include a water mark, i.e., any visible line, mark, depression, ridge or any combination thereof on the surface of transparent body  322  that indicates a level of fill so as to minimize overflow when inner vessel  370  displaces water as it sinks in the water in outer vessel  320 . 
     Inner vessel  370  ( FIGS. 4C, 4E ) is dimensioned to fit inside body  322  so as to be substantially upright and rotatable on its axis of symmetry when placed into outer vessel body  322  containing a fluid. Inner vessel  370  includes: inner vessel body  372 , post  374  extending upwardly from interior center of inner vessel body  372 , alignment means  378  on the exterior underside of inner vessel body  372  for engaging with outer vessel  320 , fluid level indicator  374 , and outcome indicator  380  ( FIG. 4C ). 
     Inner vessel body  372  includes lateral wall  372 L extending directly upward from the circular edge of solid base  372 S to open top  372 T forming hollow interior  372 C thereby enabling inner vessel body  372  to receive and hold a fluid ( FIGS. 4C, 4E ). The width of inner vessel  370  is dimensioned to fit into the narrower, lower portion of hollow interior  372 C of outer vessel body  322  to facilitate upright positioning of inner vessel  370  within outer vessel  320  as inner vessel  370  sinks to the bottom of hollow interior  372 C and to enable engagement of alignment means  378  on inner vessel  370  with alignment means  328  on outer vessel  320 . Solid base  372 S adds weight to inner vessel  370  resulting in a bottom heavy vessel. The weighted solid base can enable the inner vessel to maintain a substantially upright position and facilitate sinking when it is filled to capacity with a fluid such as water. Inner vessel  370  can have a weight from about 25 grams to about 700 grams, for example, about 125, about 150, about 175, about 200, about 250 or about 275 grams. 
     Inner vessel  370  includes post  374 , which extends upward from base  372 S and allows inner vessel  370  to be conveniently lifted out of outer vessel  320 . 
     Alignment means  378  of inner vessel  370  ( FIG. 4C, 4E ) is configured to complement alignment means  328  of outer vessel  320 . Alignment means  378  adjoins the underside of inner vessel body  372  and includes a plurality of protrusions and depressions forming a surface contour that complement that of alignment means  328  on the interior bottom of outer vessel  320 . Engagement of alignment means  378  with alignment means  328  limits rotational movement of inner vessel  370  or allows inner vessel  370  to hold a particular position when inner vessel  370  sinks to the bottom of outer vessel  320  during game play. 
     Inner vessel  370  includes outcome indicator  380  ( FIG. 4C ), a line on lateral wall  372 L of inner vessel body  372  that indicates the rotational orientation or position of inner vessel  370  with respect to outer vessel  320 . When inner vessel  370  is at the bottom interior of outer vessel  320 , outcome indicator  380  on inner vessel  370  can rotationally align with a particular outcome element  332 . Engagement of alignment means  328  and  378  allow inner vessel  370  to adopt a position at the bottom interior of outer vessel  320  such that outcome indicator  380  aligns with a particular outcome element  332  on outer vessel  320 . 
     Example 5 
     Game Rules I 
     A method of playing a game using a game apparatus of the invention is summarized in  FIGS. 5A-5C . 
     To set up the apparatus for game play ( FIG. 5A ), a desired amount of water is added to the outer vessel ( 500 ). The outer vessel can be filled to about ¾ full, to the water line if the outer vessel includes a water line, or to any other level. The desired level of water can be: (1) about ¾ full; (2) about the level indicated by a water line if the outer vessel includes a water line; (3) the level of water sufficient for the accompanying inner vessel body to be fully submerged when it sinks; (4) a level of water that is more than the level of water sufficient to enable the inner vessel to be fully submerged; or (6) any amount of water selected by the players. When the outer vessel is filled with the desired amount of water, the accompanying inner vessel is placed into the outer vessel on the surface of the water, allowing it to float freely on the water surface ( 502 ). The players select a first-to-go player using any desired method ( 504 ). Any number of players, e.g. two or more players, can play the game, and a player can join or withdraw anytime game play. 
     To begin the game ( FIG. 5C ), the first-to-go player spins the floating inner vessel without causing it to sink and then waits for the inner vessel to stop spinning ( 510 ). When floating inner vessel stops spinning, the first-to-to player adds at least a drop of water to the inner vessel ( 512 ). If the inner vessel does not sink, the game then advances to the next player ( 514 ). Next player takes his/her turn by adding at least a drop of water to the inner vessel body ( 516 ). If inner vessel does not sink, step  516  is repeated, if inner vessel sinks, the player who causes the inner vessel to sink loses and the round ends ( 518 ). In some embodiments ( FIG. 5D ), the player who loses the round draws a karma card from a deck of karma cards ( 520 ). The player who draws a karma card performs the action described in the karma card drawn ( 522 ). 
     To continue with the game after a round ends, the apparatus can be reset for game play by performing steps analogous to steps  500 - 504  for setting up the apparatus for game play ( FIG. 5B ). The inner vessel is retrieved ( 530 ), the fluid contents of the inner vessel is emptied ( 532 ), the level of water in the outer cup is adjusted if needed or desired ( 534 ), the inner vessel is placed in the outer vessel to float freely on the surface of the water in the outer vessel ( 536 ), and a first-to-go player is identified ( 538 ). The first-to-go player can be the player who lost the previous round, the next player in line after the player who lost the previous round, or any player selected by the group of players using any method. 
     The game can be played as many rounds as the players desired. Each round of the game is played through performing steps  510 - 518  ( FIG. 5C ) and, optionally, steps  540 - 548 ,  550 - 556 ,  560 - 568 ,  570 - 578 ,  580 - 590 , or any combination thereof as further discussed below ( FIGS. 6A-6E ). In between rounds, the game apparatus is reset for the next round through performing steps  530 - 538  ( FIG. 5B ). 
     In a method of the invention, spinning the inner vessel ( 510 ) prevents the first-to-go player from affecting the sink-outcome of the game by placing the inner vessel in the water at any select orientation or position. Thus, typically, the first-to-go player is the only player to spin the inner vessel. Although each player must add at least a drop of water to the inner vessel to complete a turn (steps  512 ,  516 ), typically, each player adds the amount of water he/she believes is least likely to cause the inner vessel to sink, and most likely to cause one of the remaining players, for example, the next player, to sink the inner vessel by adding at least a drop of water to the inner vessel. 
     The game is best played on a countertop or a hard non-movable surface to minimize the likelihood of jolting and to avoid inadvertently disturbing the floating inner vessel. A player who purposely causes the inner vessel to sink loses that round of the game. The game provides for a pause of a few seconds between players, for example, about 3-10 seconds, e.g. 3, 4, 5 seconds or so as determined by the players, to allow the inner vessel to stabilize or sink. For example, if the players agree on a pause of about 5 seconds, then where inner vessel is floating so close to the edge that it sinks within the about 5 seconds, the previous player loses the round. In some embodiments, the players can agree that if the inner vessel sinks after about 5 seconds, the next player loses the round. The passage of time can be measured using any methods agreed by the players including, for example, counting to 3, Mississippi style. Each time a player adds at least a drop of water to the inner vessel without sinking the inner vessel, the game advances to the next player ( 514 ,  516 ,  518 ). The game can advance in any direction, for example, clockwise, counter clockwise, or in a random or arbitrary fashion, each player taking a turn to add at least a drop of water to the inner vessel until the round ends when a player loses by causing the inner vessel body to sink. 
     Example 6 
     Game Rules II 
       FIGS. 6A-6E  summarize additional methods of playing a game using an apparatus of the invention. 
     In some embodiments, the game can be played with a set of karma cards  701 - 757  ( FIGS. 6A &amp; 9A-9F ). Player(s) set up the game apparatus according to steps  500 - 504  ( 550 ) and the game is played according to steps  510 - 518 . The player who causes the inner vessel to sink draws a karma card ( FIGS. 9A-9B ) from a set of karma cards  701 - 757  ( 544 ) and performs the act described on the karma card drawn ( 546 ). Examples of karma acts are provided on karma cards  701 - 757  illustrated in  FIGS. 9A-9F . After performing the karma acts, the round ends and player(s) reset apparatus for another round of play if desired ( 548 ). Between rounds of the game, the apparatus is reset according to steps  530 - 538  and the game continues according to steps  542 - 546  until player(s) decide to end play ( 548 ). 
     In some embodiments, the game can be played according to rules that require a player who causes the inner vessel to sink remove an article of clothing that player is wearing ( FIG. 6B ). Player(s) set up the game apparatus according to steps  500 - 504  ( 550 ) and the game is played according to steps  510 - 518 , and optionally, steps  540 - 548  ( 552 ). The player who causes the inner vessel to sink loses a round and removes one article of clothing that he/she is wearing ( 554 ). Between rounds of the game, the apparatus is reset according to steps  530 - 538  and the game continues according to steps  552 - 556  until player(s) decide to end play ( 556 ). 
     In some embodiments, the game can be played according to rules that require a player who causes the inner vessel to sink remove an article of clothing that player is wearing if the inner vessel sinks to one position of a subset of pre-determined positions ( FIG. 6C ). More specifically, player(s) set up the game apparatus according to steps  500 - 504  ( 560 ). Prior to, after, or concurrent with setting up the game apparatus in step  560 , the players can designate a subset of outcome elements on the outer vessel as karma elements ( 560 A). For example, where the outcome elements are the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the subset of outcome elements that can be designated as karma elements can be the odd numbers, the even numbers, the first three numbers, the last three numbers or any arbitrary or non-arbitrary combination of the numbers 1-6. The game is then played according to steps  510 - 518  of  FIG. 5C , and optionally, steps  540 - 548  of  FIG. 6A  ( 562 ). When the inner vessel sinks to the bottom, the players determine whether the outcome indicator on the inner vessel points to a karma element designated in step  560 A ( 564 ). If the outcome indicator points to a karma element designated in step  560 A, the player who sinks the inner vessel and loses the round removes one article of clothing that he/she is wearing ( 566 A). The round ends and players reset the apparatus for another round of play if desired ( 568 ). If the outcome indicator on the inner vessel does not point to a karma element, the round also ends and players reset the apparatus for another round of game play if desired ( 566 B). The outcome indicator “points to” a designated outcome element if the outcome indicator points to the designated outcome element or points to a region on the outer vessel associated with the designated outcome element. Between rounds of the game, the apparatus is reset according to steps  530 - 538  ( FIG. 5B ) and the game continues according to steps  562 - 568  until player(s) decide to end play ( 566 B,  568 ). 
     In another embodiment, the game can be played according to rules that require a player who causes the inner vessel to sink remove an article of clothing that player is wearing if the inner vessel sinks to a pre-determined position ( FIG. 6D ). More specifically, player(s) set up the game apparatus according to steps  500 - 504  ( 570 ). Prior to, after, or concurrent with setting up the game apparatus in step  570 , the players can designate a particular outcome element on the outer vessel as a karma element ( 570 A). For example, where the outcome elements are the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, any one of these numbers, for example, the number 6, can be designated as the karma element. The game is then played according to steps  510 - 518  of  FIG. 5C , and optionally, steps  540 - 548  of  FIG. 6A  ( 572 ). When the inner vessel sinks to the bottom, the players determine whether the outcome indicator on the inner vessel points to the karma element designated as such in step  570 A ( 574 ). If the outcome indicator points to the karma element designated in step  570 A, the player who sinks the inner vessel and loses the round removes one article of clothing that he/she is wearing ( 576 A). The round ends and players reset the apparatus for another round of play if desired ( 578 ). If the outcome indicator on the inner vessel does not point to a karma element, the round also ends and players reset the apparatus for another round of game play if desired ( 576 B). The outcome indicator “points to” a designated outcome element if the outcome indicator points to the designated outcome element or points to a region on the outer vessel associated with the designated outcome element. Between rounds of the game, the apparatus is reset according to steps  530 - 538  ( FIG. 5B ) and the game continues according to steps  572 - 578  until the player decide to end play ( 576 B,  578 ). 
     In another embodiment, the game can be played according to rules that require a player who causes the inner vessel to sink perform a pre-determined act ( FIG. 6E ). More specifically, player(s) set up the game apparatus according to steps  500 - 504  ( 580 ). Prior to, after, or concurrent with setting up the game apparatus in step  580 , the players establish a karma act for each outcome element on the outer vessel ( 580 A). For example, where the outcome elements are the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the players can agree upon a karma act for each of the numbers, or each player can establish a personal set of karma acts, one act for each of the numbers from 1 to 6. Non-limiting examples of karma act can be as follows: (a) take a shot, (b) finish your drink, (c) take two drinks, (d) take three drinks, (e) take four drinks, (f) take five drinks, (g) remove article of clothing, (h) player to your right ask you a truth, (i) player to your left gives you a dare, (j) everyone takes a drink, (k) do nothing, (l) make a rule, (m) finish the drink of the player to your right, and (n) finish the drink of the player to your left. 
     In one embodiment, the players can agree to the following karma acts: (a) outcome element 1—Player to your right gives you a dare; (b) outcome element 2—Player to your left gives you a dare; (c) outcome element 3—no truth or dare; (d) outcome element 4—player to your right asks you a question and you must answer truthfully; (e) outcome element 5—Player to your left asks you a question and you must answer truthfully; and (f) outcome element 6—no truth or dare. In another embodiment, the players can agree to the following karma acts: (a) outcome element 1—Player to your right asks you a question and you must answer truthfully; (b) outcome element 2—Player to your left asks you a question and you must answer truthfully; (c) outcome element 3—no truth; (d) outcome element 4—player to your right asks you a question and you must answer truthfully; (e) outcome element 5—Player to your left asks you a question and you must answer truthfully; and (f) outcome element 6—no truth. In another embodiment, the players can agree to the following karma acts: (a) outcome element 1—Player to your right gives you a dare; (b) outcome element 2—Player to your left gives you a dare; (c) outcome element 3—no dare; (d) outcome element 4—player to your right gives you a dare; (e) outcome element 5—Player to your left gives you a dare; and (f) outcome element 6—no dare. 
     The karma acts can be recorded for example on a table as shown in  FIG. 7 . The game is then played according to steps  510 - 518  of  FIG. 5C , and optionally, steps  540 - 548  of  FIG. 6A  ( 582 ). When the inner vessel sinks to the bottom, the players determine which outcome element on the outer vessel the outcome indicator on the inner vessel points to ( 584 ). For the outcome element identified in step  584 , the players determine the karma act established for that outcome element in step  580 A ( 586 ). The player who caused the inner vessel to sink performs the karma act established for the outcome element identified ( 588 ). The round ends and players reset the apparatus for another round of play if desired ( 590 ). The outcome indicator “points to” a designated outcome element if the outcome indicator points to the designated outcome element or points to a region on the outer vessel associated with the designated outcome element. Between rounds of the game, the apparatus is reset according to steps  530 - 538  ( FIG. 5B ) and the game continues according to steps  582 - 590  until the players decide to end play ( 590 ). 
     Example 7 
     Game Rules III 
       FIGS. 8A &amp; 8B  provide another method of playing a game using an apparatus of the invention. 
     In another embodiment, the game can be played according to rules that award points to all players but the player who sinks the inner vessel and loses the round ( FIG. 8A ). In this embodiment, the player with the greatest points at the end of the game wins. More specifically, player(s) set up the game apparatus according to steps  500 - 504  ( 600 ). Prior to, after, or concurrent with setting up the game apparatus in step  600 , the players establish a point system by assigning a point value for each outcome element on the outer vessel ( 600 A). For example, where the outcome elements are the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the players can assign a value of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, respectively, each of the numbers. Any arbitrary or non-arbitrary point value can be assigned to each outcome element. The point value can be based on the numeric value of the outcome element if the outcome element is a number. The game is then played according to steps  510 - 518  of  FIG. 5C , and optionally, steps  540 - 548  of  FIG. 6A  ( 602 ). When the inner vessel sinks to the bottom, the players identify which outcome element on the outer vessel the outcome indicator on the inner vessel points to ( 604 ). Each player, except the player who causes the inner vessel to sink, is awarded a number of points corresponding to the outcome element identified in step  604  based on point system established in step  600 A ( 606 ). The player who caused the inner vessel to sink receives zero points ( 608 ). Points can be recorded on a score sheet, for example, as shown in  FIG. 8B . The round ends and players reset the apparatus for another round of play if desired ( 610 ). The outcome indicator “points to” a designated outcome element if the outcome indicator points to the designated outcome element or points to a region on the outer vessel associated with the designated outcome element. Between rounds of the game, the apparatus is reset according to steps  530 - 538  ( FIG. 5B ) and the game continues according to steps  602 - 610  until the players decide to end play, at which time, the player with the greatest number of points wins ( 612 ). Total points can be determined after two rounds of play and then after successive rounds as or when players decide to end play. 
     Other Embodiments 
     While the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention defined by the claims. Modification and variation of the concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention. The invention has been described broadly and generically herein. Each of the narrower species and subgeneric groupings falling within the generic disclosure form part of the invention. 
     As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As used herein, the term “about” in reference to a numeric value means within 10% of the numeric value.