Patent Publication Number: US-6215768-B1

Title: High speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring and a method thereof

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring and a method thereof, in which connection admission control is carried out for a homogeneous traffic having equal cell loss factors and/or a heterogeneous traffic having different cell loss factors per classes by using a peak cell rate as a traffic parameter on the basis of traffic monitoring in a connection controller of an asynchronous transfer mode exchanger, so that it becomes possible to improve real time processing and to reduce error rate. 
     2. Description of Prior Art 
     In general, congestion of a computer communication network classification means occurs when a traffic is induced, the traffic having a capacity larger than that capable to be processed. Such a congestion occurs due to unexpected change of traffic flow or some trouble in the network. 
     Especially, in an ultra high speed communication network environment such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) having a very low error rate, cell loss due to overflow of buffer is the most typical reason of the error and the congestion in the ATM network may degrade fatally the service quality. 
     In order to minimize the bad influence of the congestion, various congestion control is performed, wherein a preventive congestion control scheme and a reactive congestion control scheme are adopted for the congestion control in the ATM network. The preventive congestion control scheme and the reactive congestion control scheme are applied at different time point. The preventive congestion control scheme is to control before possible traffic congestion by expecting traffic situation of a communication network, and reported appropriate for a high speed transfer protocol such as the ATM rather than the reactive congestion control scheme. 
     One of the most typical one of the protective congestion control scheme is connection admission control (CAC) scheme and the CAC scheme is an operation which is carried out by a communication network for control virtual channel connection (VCC) or virtual path connection (VPC) in the procedure of call connection. 
     The CAC scheme has an object to prevent degradation of service quality of previously connected calls and a traffic generated from a new call by determining connection of the new call when the new call is requested to be connected. 
     Therefore, the CAC scheme should be designed to be controlled in real time with a high link efficiency while keeping good service quality of traffics. 
     Further, the CAC scheme as described above is to control traffics when realizing an ATM of an exchange system which has been proposed for providing broadband-integrated service digital network (B-ISDN) service, so that the CAC scheme is installed in an exchange of a wire communication ATM as a control algorithm. 
     Recently, such a traffic control algorithm has been commercialized to be accommodated in the exchanges or the algorithm itself has been individually commercialized. 
     Among them, a CAC scheme based on computation of equivalent bandwidth and a CAC scheme based burst modelling are widespread. 
     According to the CAC scheme based on the equivalent bandwidth, when a new call is requested to be connected, the new call is determined to be connected in such a manner that after a bit rate generated in a multiplied connection is approximately modelled to obtain an equivalent bandwidth, the call is determined to be in excess of a remaining capacity or not. 
     The equivalent bandwidth means a minimum bandwidth satisfying a demand for service quality of a corresponding call and has a value which is larger than an average cell rate (ACR) and smaller than a peak cell rate (PCR). 
     The equivalent bandwidth is computed with a various method, in which a typical one performs the computation by using traffic characteristics regardless of a whole capacity of physical link to obtain equivalent bandwidths of each call so that an equivalent bandwidth for whole traffic is obtained on the basis of queuing analysis. 
     Referring to the below mentioned formula 1, an equivalent bandwidth of each cell having a cell loss rate demand threshold value is obtained by formula 1:              c   =           ab        (     1   -   ρ     )            R   P       -   x   +           [     x   -       ab        (     1   -   ρ     )            R   P         ]     2     +     4      x                 ρ                   ab        (     1   -   ρ     )            R   P               2                 ρ                   b        (     1   -   ρ     )                   (   1   )                         
     wherein, α=−1n ε, R F =PCR, ρ=ACR:PCR, b=an average burst length, and x=buffer size. 
     In this case, a size Ĉ ; of a whole bandwidth demanded when n connections are multiplied is obtained by the below formula 2:              C   =       ∑     i   =   1     n          c   i               (   2   )                         
     wherein, if it is estimated that Gaussian distribution is performed for aggregated traffics in view of efficiency of multiplication, a size of a whole bandwidth  Ĉ ;  is obtained by formula 3:                      C   ^     =     min        {       m   +       a   ′        σ       ,       ∑     i   =   1     n          c   i         }                     a   ′     =           -   2                     ln        (   ɛ   )         -     2                     ln        (     2                 π     )       0                         m   =       ∑     i   =   1     n          M   i         ,       σ   2     =       ∑     i   =   1     n          σ   i   2                       (   3   )                         
     wherein, m i  represents an average bit rate, and σ i   2  represents a distribution. 
     The CAC scheme based on the burst modelling determines to connect or not the new call by using a peak bit rate (PBR) and an average bit rate (ABR), regardless of distribution of on/off intervals of a cell arrive processor. 
     When n virtual channel, in which PBR=R and ABR=α, are multiplied, a probability that a number of burst in an on-state is to be k at any time point is obtained by formula 4:                P        (     n   ,   k     )       =           C   k           n              (     a   R     )       k            (     1   -     a   R       )       n   -   k                 (   4   )                         
     As above, it is estimated that a probability P(n,k) that a size of a bandwidth demanded when k virtual channel is multiplied in the link is kR. 
     In this case, if a determination for connection admission of the new call excesses a threshold availability of bandwidth which is being used by already connected calls, the connection admission of the new call is determined by formula 5:                  ∑       kR   C     &lt;   0.90            P        (     n   ,   k     )         &lt;     1   -   ɛ             (   5   )                         
     When a physical link bandwidth is C and the number of a whole connected calls including the new call is n, if a probability that a size of the whole bandwidth to be used by the calls including the new call after the new call is connected does not exceed 90% of the physical link bandwidth is reasonable, that is, if the probability is smaller than (1−ε), the connection of the new call is admitted. 
     However, the CAC scheme based on the conventional equivalent bandwidth computation has disadvantages that it is difficult to compute a precise equivalent bandwidth in advance, link using efficiency is noticeably reduced in case of a small traffic source number, and real time control is difficult to be realized due to the time period required for and precision of the whole equivalent bandwidth computation. 
     Furthermore, even though the CAC scheme based on the burst modelling is convenient rather than the CAC scheme based on the equivalent bandwidth, it has still disadvantages that the computation becomes complicated under the heterogeneous traffic environment and relationship between the burst traffic characteristics and the service quality is unclear. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is derived to resolve the problems of the prior art and has an object to provide a high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring and a method thereof, by which efficient link use is possible for any traffic sources while real time control, especially degradation of the link use is prevented even in case of a small number of traffic source, and computation under a heterogeneous traffic environment is simplified, by using a CAC scheme based on PCR and probability distribution functions. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring and a method thereof, by which the real time control is improved by using only the PCR as a parameter of the traffic source. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring and a method thereof, by which a structure of an exchange is simplified comparing to the conventional CAC scheme based on the equivalent bandwidth computation, the real time control is improved by rapid comparative determination, and the link use efficiency is increased by reducing an error rate of a controller comparing to the conventional CAC scheme based on the burst modelling. 
     It is still another object of the present invention to provide a high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring and a method thereof, by which overload of an ATM exchange is prevented by preventing excessive introduction of traffic in advance. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring and a method thereof, by which communication quality is improved by reducing control time for introduction of calls. 
     According to the present invention, a method for high speed connection admission control based on traffic monitoring includes the steps of admitting connection of a requested call having a PCR when an available bandwidth is larger than the PCR of the call, computing a new available bandwidth by deducting the PCR from the previous available bandwidth, computing a monitoring value for a traffic of the admitted call as it is connected, computing an equivalent bandwidth of a probability distribution function for a cell number from the traffic monitoring value according to the probability distribution function, and computing a real available bandwidth from a difference between the equivalent bandwidth and a physical link bandwidth and updating the available bandwidth, so that the CAC is continuously performed for next calls. 
     The high speed connection admission controller and a method thereof according to the present invention are performed by using the PCR as a traffic parameter provided by users on the basis of traffic monitoring. It is because that, in case of the ACR, it is impossible for a certain traffic to precisely estimate the ACR by traffic sources, so that the ACR is not appropriate as the traffic parameter. However, if the CAC is performed only based on the PCR except the ACR, information as to the traffic is lack. 
     Therefore, according to the present invention, it is computed, through a real estimation of traffic, a probability distribution function for the number of calls which are arrived for a certain estimation period, and the equivalent bandwidth which is used by a current traffic is computed from the probability distribution function. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
     The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a flow chart for explaining a control method for a high speed connection admission based on traffic monitoring according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a flow chart for explaining a control method for a high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 5 is a flow chart for explaining computing equivalent bandwidth in an exchange of an asynchronous transfer mode. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Now, a high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring and a method thereof according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to attached drawings. 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     In FIG. 1, the high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring includes a CAC part  10  for comparing a PCR with an available bandwidth to determine its connection admission, and for computing a new available bandwidth when a call having a PCR of a homogeneous traffic is requested to be connected, a buffer part  20  for storing ATM calls which are introduced with a certain time period via the CAC part  10  when the call is admitted to be connected, a server part  30  for computing a traffic monitoring value which is output from the server part  30 , and a capacity assignment control part  40  for computing a probability distribution function for a cell number from the traffic monitoring value which is output from the server part  30 , for computing an equivalent bandwidth according to the probability distribution function, and for computing a real available bandwidth from a difference between the equivalent bandwidth and a physical link bandwidth to output it to the CAC part  10 . 
     The CAC part  10  includes a comparator  11  for comparing the PCR of the call which is requested to be connected with a size of the available bandwidth which is a feedback output from the capacity assignment control part  40 , and an available bandwidth arithmetic unit  12  for admitting the requested call to be connected if the available bandwidth is determined to be larger than the PCR of the call by the comparator  11  and for computing a new available bandwidth by deducting the PCR from the previous available bandwidth after the requested call is connected. 
     The buffer part  30  for performing the traffic monitoring includes a cell counter register (unshown) for counting ATM cell number and a cell error counter register (unshown) for counting erroneous ATM cell number. 
     The capacity assignment control part  40  includes a cell rate distribution decision part  41  for computing a probability distribution function for a cell number from the traffic monitoring value output from the server part  30 , a used available bandwidth decision part  42  for computing an equivalent bandwidth according to the probability distribution function obtained by the cell rate distribution decision part  41  and computing a real available bandwidth from a difference between the equivalent bandwidth and a physical bandwidth to feedback output it to the available bandwidth arithmetic unit  12  in the CAC part  10 . 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, which shows a structure of a parallel CAC apparatus for performing CAC of a traffic having heterogeneous classes characteristics in case that traffic sources introduced for the CAC cover a plurality of classes (for example, M classes). 
     The parallel CAC apparatus includes first to m sub-CAC parts  50 - 52  for determining connection of a new call after comparing a PCR of the call with a previous available bandwidth when the new call is requested to be connected and for computing a new available bandwidth when the new call is admitted to be connected, first to m buffer parts  60 - 62  for storing ATM cells which are introduced via the first to m sub-CAC parts  50 - 52  by a certain time period when the new call is admitted to be connected, a switching part  70  for selecting ATM cells stored in the first to m buffer parts  60 - 62  according to Round Robin system to output them, a server part  80  for computing a monitoring value for an ATM cell traffic corresponding to respective classes which are selected by the switching part  70 , and a capacity assignment control part  90  for computing a cell probability distribution function per cells from the traffic monitoring values output from the server part  80 , for computing equivalent bandwidths for each class according to the probability distribution functions and computing a real available bandwidth from a difference between the equivalent bandwidths and physical link band width to feedback output the real available bandwidth to the first to m sub-CAC parts  50 - 52 . 
     The first to m sub-CAC parts  50 - 52  respectively have the same structure with the CAC part  10  of FIG. 1, the server part  80  also includes a cell counter register and a cell error counter register, and the capacity assignment control part  90  has also the same structure with the capacity assignment control part  40  of FIG.  1 . 
     Now, operations of the high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring according to preferred embodiments of the present invention, with reference to FIG.  3  and FIG.  4 . 
     First, operations of the high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring as shown in FIG. 1 will be described hereinafter, with reference to FIG.  3 . 
     In FIG. 3, when a call having a PCR is requested to be connected in the CAC part  10  (step S 10 ), the comparator  11  of the CAC part  10  compares the PCR of the requested call with a previous real available bandwidth which is output from the used available bandwidth decision part  42  in the capacity assignment control part  40  and then updated in order to determine whether or not to connect the requested call (step S 11 ). 
     According to the result of the comparison in the step S 11 , the requested call is admitted to be connected if the available bandwidth is decided to be larger than the PCR of the call (step S 12 ), while the requested call is rejected to be connected and the CAC is finished if the available bandwidth is decided to be smaller than the PCR of the call (step S 13 ). 
     If the call is admitted to be connected in step S 12 , the arithmetic unit  12  in the CAC part  10  computes a new available bandwidth by deducting the PCR from the previous available bandwidth and the buffer part  20  stores ATM cells introduced via the CAC part  10  as the connection admission of the call (step S 14 ). 
     Next, the server part  30  counts whole cell number and erroneous cell number of a traffic corresponding to the stored ATM cells by a certain time period and record the numbers respectively to the cell counter register and the cell error counter register, so that monitoring values for all traffics are obtained and output to the cell rate distribution decision part  41  in the capacity assignment control part  40  (step S 15 ). 
     The cell rate distribution decision part  41  computes a probability distribution function for cell number on the basis of traffic monitoring values, which are provided by the server part  30 , and outputs the probability distribution function to the used available bandwidth decision part  42  in the capacity assignment control part  40  (step S 16 ). 
     Therefore, a size of the computed real available bandwidth is decided by deducting the equivalent bandwidth from the available physical link bandwidth. 
     Then, the available bandwidth arithmetic unit  12  updates the computed new available bandwidth in step S 14  as a real available bandwidth which is output from the used available bandwidth decision part  42  (step S 18 ). 
     Now, referring to FIG. 4, operations of the high speed connection admission controller based on traffic monitoring as shown in FIG. 2 will be described in more detail. 
     When an ith call having a PCR as the traffic parameter is requested to be connected to the first to m sub-CAC parts  50 - 52  (step S 20 ), the comparators  11  in the first to m sub-CAC parts  50 - 52  compare the PCR with a size of the previous real available bandwidth which is updated from the feedback output from the used available bandwidth decision part  32  in the capacity assignment control part  80  and decide whether or not to admit its connection (step S 21 ). 
     As a result of the comparison in the step S 21 , the call is admitted to be connected if the available bandwidth is larger than the PCR, while the call is rejected to be connected if the available bandwidth is not larger than the PCR (step S 23 ). 
     If the connection of the call is admitted in the step S 22 , the available bandwidth arithmetic units  12  in the first to m sub-CAC parts  50 - 52  compute a new available bandwidth by deducting the PCR from the previous available bandwidth, and the first to m buffer parts  60 - 62  store ATM cells which are introduced via the first to m sub-CAC parts  50 - 52  according to the connection admission by the first to m buffer parts  60 - 62  in step S 22  (step S 23 ). 
     After the ATM cells are stored in the first to m buffer parts  60 - 62  as the connection admission is obtained for the respective calls corresponding to m classes, the switching part  70  outputs the stored ATM cells to the server part  80  by the switching operation according to the Round Robin system (step S 25 ). 
     The server part  80  counts numbers of the ATM cells stored in the first to m buffer parts  60 - 62  by a certain time period, that is, total cell numbers and erroneous cell numbers for the traffic per classes. The counted numbers are respectively recorded to the cell counter register and the cell error counter register to obtain the monitoring values per traffic classes and output the monitoring values to the used available bandwidth decision part  42  in the capacity assignment control part  90  (Step S 27 ). 
     Therefore, the used available bandwidth decision part  42  computes equivalent bandwidths for respective classes on the basis of the probability distribution function obtained by the cell rate distribution decision part  41  (step S 28 ). Differences between the equivalent bandwidths and the physical link bandwidth is computed to obtain a real available total bandwidth and this available total bandwidth is feedback output to the available bandwidth arithmetic unit  12  in the first to m sub-CAC part  50 - 52 . 
     At this time, a size of the computed real available total bandwidth is decided by deducting a sum of the equivalent bandwidths of each class from a total link bandwidth. 
     Then, the available bandwidth arithmetic unit  12  updates the real available total bandwidth in the used available bandwidth decision part  42  with the new available band width which is computed by the available bandwidth arithmetic unit  12  in step S 24  (step S 29 ). 
     After that, connection request of calls in next classes is dealt with through the same routine as above (S 30 ). 
     On the other hand, the capacity assignment control part  90  decides class capacities which are defined by service capacity for each class, that is, the equivalent bandwidths of each traffic class for the sum of the bandwidths of total traffic classes, and controls scheduling of the server part  80  so that the ATM cells stored in the first to m buffer parts  60 - 62  are transferred to physical channels by the Round Robin system. 
     Now, referring to FIG. 5, the equivalent bandwidth computation steps S 17  and S 28 , which are commonly carried out by the both embodiments of the present invention which are respectively shown in FIG.  3  and FIG. 4, will be described in more detail. 
     In order to compute an equivalent bandwidth, a probability distribution function should be estimated, wherein a parameter for measuring the probability distribution function, that is, an important parameter for measuring a traffic which is multiplied to a link is as follows: 
     1) Renewal Period; one renewal period is composed n measuring periods, so that after nth measuring the renewal is carried out. If the renewal period is long, dynamic adaptation to changes of traffic decreases while time delay influence upon computing a used bandwidth decreases. 
     On the other hand, if the renewal period is short, the dynamic adaptation to changes of the traffic becomes fast while the precision of the probability distribution is lowered, since a number of samples decreases. 
     2) measurement reflection ratio a; it means a weighted value to decide how much the real measurement value is to be reflected to the previous probability distribution function. 
     In the estimation of the probability distribution function by the parameters as above, if a probability that k cells are arrived during a measuring time period (s) in nth renewal period of ith class is p (i) n(k (i) ;n), the estimation value {circumflex over (p)} (i) (k (i) ;n) of the probability distribution function represents by formula 6; 
     
       
         {circumflex over (p)} (i) ( k   (i)   ; n+ 1)=α q   (i) ( k   (i)   ; n )+(1−α) {circumflex over (p)}( k   (i)   ; n)   (6) 
       
     
     Referring to the below formula 7, R represents a number of peak cells number which may arrive in the measuring time period, and formula 8 represents an estimation of a probability distribution function when a call having a PCR R F  is admitted to be connected. 
     
       
           R= s· R   p   (i)   (7) 
       
     
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
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     In the meantime, if a call which is already multiplied to a link is released, no action is taken on behalf of simplification of control. At this time, even though bandwidth is wasted for a moment, a real bandwidth is computed by real measurement in a short time. 
     If a probability distribution function for the number of cells which arrive in the measurement time period (s) is given, a cell loss rate in the nth renewal period of ith class is obtained by formula 9;                   P   loss     (   i   )            (   n   )       =         ∑     k   =   0     ∞              [       k     (   i   )       -       sC   ′     L       ]     +              P   ^       (   i   )            (       k     (   i   )       ;   n     )               ∑     k   =   0     ∞            k     (   i   )              p     (   i   )            (       k     (   i   )       ;   n     )                                          wherein   ,         [   x   ]     +     =     {           x   ,           x   ≥   0               0   ,           x   &lt;   0                         (   9   )                         
     If a service demand threshold value for a user&#39;s cell loss rate for a traffic of ith class is defined ε (i) , and an estimation value of a probability that number of cells of the traffic of the ith class which may arrive in the measurement time period (s) is {circumflex over (p)} (i) (k (i) ;n+1), an equivalent bandwidth (C′ (i) ) which is in use by the traffic of the ith class is computed. 
     The computing procedure of the equivalent bandwidth for the ith class is explained in more detail with reference to FIG.  5 . 
     First, parameters (P (i) , A (i) ) required for computation of the equivalent bandwidth for the traffic of the ith class are input (step S 31 ), wherein the parameter P (i)  represents a peak cell rate PCR for the traffic of the ith class and the other parameter A (i)  represents an average cell rate ACR for the traffic of the ith class. 
     In case of variable bit rate (VBR) service, since an equivalent bandwidth is decided between an ACR and a PCR, a highest value P (i)  is initialized to be b (i)  and a lowest value A (i)  is initialized to be a (i)  (step S 32 ). 
     After that, a middle value between the highest value b (i)  and the lowest value a (i)  is computed and set as the equivalent bandwidth C′ (i)  (step S 33 ). 
     Then, a loss rate (P loss   (i) (n)) for the traffic of the ith class in the corresponding renewal period is computed (step S 34 ). 
     The cell loss rate (P loss   (i) (n)) which is computed in step S 34  is compared with the service demand threshold value ε (i)  (step S 35 ). 
     According to the result of the comparison, if the cell loss rate (P loss   (i) (n)) is equal to the service demand threshold value ε (i) , it means that the equivalent bandwidth obtained in step S 33  is to be a critical value. Therefore, the equivalent bandwidth C′ (i)  is output finishing the whole procedure. 
     On the other hand, if the cell loss rate is not equal to the service demand threshold value ε (i) , the cell loss rate (P loss   (i) (n)) is computed again adding next cell. 
     The cell loss rate (P loss   (i) (n)) which is recomputed in step S 37  is compared with the service demand threshold value ε (i)  (step S 38 ). 
     According to the result of the comparison, if the cell loss rate is larger than the service demand threshold value ε (i) , it means that a currently assigned equivalent bandwidth is underestimated with relation to a real traffic. Therefore, the current equivalent bandwidth is assigned to the lowest value a (i)  (step S 39 ). On the other hand, if the cell loss rate is smaller than the service demand threshold value ε (i) , it means that the currently assigned equivalent bandwidth is overestimated with relation to the real traffic. Therefore, the current equivalent bandwidth is assigned to the highest value b (i)  (step S 40 ). 
     After that, a number of cells which are counted until now is compared with an assigned value N (step S 41 ), and a routine after step  32  is performed repeatedly if the counted cell number is smaller than the assigned value N, while the highest value b (i)  is output as the equivalent bandwidth finishing the routine if the counted cell number is larger than the assigned value N since one renewal period is deemed to be finished and the currently assigned highest value b (i)  corresponds to the equivalent bandwidth. 
     As described hereinabove, according to the present invention, the CAC scheme is performed by a renewal period which is given a bandwidth being in use by a currently connected traffic when nth renewal period is started, a bandwidth which is able to be used by users, and a renewal period having a probability distribution function for a cell number. 
     Effect of the Invention 
     According to the present invention as described hereinabove, efficient link use becomes possible both for homogeneous and heterogeneous traffic sources while keeping real time control with a relatively simple hardware by using the connection admission control (CAC) scheme based on PCRs and probability distribution functions of a traffic, overload of exchange may be prevented in advance by preventing excessive introduction of traffics, and communication quality may be improved by reducing control time for introducing calls with a simple comparison procedure. 
     Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as described in the accompanying claims.