Patent Publication Number: US-2007118775-A1

Title: Personal electronic device with keypad application

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS  
      This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 10/340,925 filed Jan. 13, 2003, which application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/158,266 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,976,180) filed May 30, 2002, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/809,963 filed Mar. 16, 2001, all incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD  
      The invention pertains to personal electronic devices in the general category of smart handheld devices, personal computers, mobile telephones, and the like.  
     BACKGROUND  
      With electronics becoming increasingly more sophisticated, a wide variety of devices has become available to provide users with a tool to help them manage their affairs and improve their ability to communicate with others both at work and in their personal lives. Computers are well known and have taken on a variety of flavors, including portable computers, which can be carried from place to place with relative convenience. Mobile telephones have come into widespread use due to their small size and ease of use and the widespread availability of cellular services in a large portion of the industrialized world. More recently, small computer-like devices with limited computational capabilities have become popular and are often referred to as Smart Handheld Devices or Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). Such PDAs are typically small hand held devices including a battery, a liquid or digital display (LCD) touchscreen, a small amount of memory (typically on the order of 8 to 16 megabytes of random access memory (RAM)) and a small amount of computer processing capability. Given the small battery size and the limited memory and computational power, such PDAs have typically been used for contact management, scheduling appointments, and email. The common practice of a PDA user is to routinely synchronize his/her PDA with his/her desktop PC computer. This synchronization requirement is awkward and time consuming to maintain.  
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram depicting a typical prior art cellular telephone, including a battery, a display, a man-machine interface (MMI) and a cellular telephone module that includes radio frequency (RF) circuitry, and a Digital Signal Processor (DSP).  
      A current trend is to include both PDA functions and cellular telephone functions in a single device. One such device is the HandSpring Visor phone system, which basically takes a HandSpring PDA device and a separate cellular telephone device mechanically attached to the PDA. This device is shown in a block diagram in  FIG. 2A  in which System  100  includes PDA  101  and an attached Cellular Telephone Module  102 . Such a device is somewhat cumbersome and includes two separate batteries, a first for PDA  101  and a second for Cellular Telephone Module  102 . Since PDA  101  and Cellular Telephone Module  102  are connected by one or more external interfaces, the communication speeds between PDA  101  and Cellular Telephone Module  102  are relatively limited. These devices are heavy, weighing approximately 10 ounces, and have a bulky form-factor, in that a user must talk into his/her PDA, while holding the PDA with the Cellular Telephone Module attached.  
      Another approach is to provide a device that serves as both a PDA and a cellular telephone. Such a device is shown by way of example in  FIG. 2B  and typically includes a Cellular Telephone Module  201  and an LCD Display  202 , a Processor  204 , and a Battery  203 . This type of device constitutes basically an advance on cellular telephones, including additional features. Such devices may include the Kyocera pdQ Smart Phone device that combines CDMA digital wireless telephone technology with Palm PDA capabilities. The pdQ Smart Phone device is essentially a telephone that includes a pushbutton pad for making telephone calls. In this device, the pushbutton pad pivots out of the way to reveal a larger LCD screen for use with PDA functions. Nokia has a similar device, the Nokia 9110 Communicator, which appears as a basic cellular telephone including pushbutton keys and which opens up to reveal a larger LCD screen and a mini-keypad with PDA functions.  
      There are significant problems with PDAs, Internet Appliances (IAs) and cellular telephones. The PDA, IA and cellular telephone metaphors are dramatically different than what users expect in the personal computer (PC) world. They have less powerful CPUs, less memory, restricted power consumption, smaller displays, and different and awkward input devices in comparison to what is available in a PC. Additionally, they have a limited screen size and the lack of a mouse or touch screen. This requires a different user interface (UI) metaphor, as compared with PCs. In some of these devices, there are touchscreens, but the small display sizes make the input and display of information difficult and cumbersome.  
      Two significant problems with PDAs and IAs are that they lack the full power of a PC and, from a price vs. performance perspective, the limited capabilities outweigh the benefits. Many PDAs are actually slave devices to PCs and the IAs lack the horsepower of a full-blown PC, such as a Pentium class PC. For this reason IAs are close enough in functionality to a PC that the price difference is not dramatic enough to warrant purchasing an IA. Similarly, PDAs are significantly less powerful than a PC such that, even with the relatively large price difference, in many cases purchase of a PDA is not justified.  
      A significant complaint about cellular telephones, PDAs and IAs is that they operate independently of one another. This has required the user to retain a plurality of devices if the user intends to provide the three functions, and obtain the advantages of the PDAs and the IAs. Some inventors have attempted to integrate the PDA and the cellular telephone, but these devices still lack the horsepower, display and input power of a PC. Some integration occurs between PDAs and PCs, because, as mentioned earlier, PDAs are inherently slave devices to a PC. However, such integration offers only limited advantages.  
      Because there will always be a performance gap between the very best desktop computers, PDAs, IAs and cellular telephones, a device is required that combines and consolidates these technologies in a meaningful device. This is the subject of the present invention.  
      Trademarks used herein belong to their respective owners and are used simply for exemplary purposes.  
     SUMMARY  
      The invention overcomes the identified limitations and provides a novel personal electronic device that combines the functionality of a cellular telephone, PDA, PC and IA.  
      In an exemplary embodiment, a first (embedded) processor and a second (non-embedded) processor are combined in a handheld housing. The first processor performs a majority of the device&#39;s rudimentary functions and calls upon the second processor in order to perform more complex functions. The device is very power efficient since the first processor draws less power than the second processor. To further enhance power efficiency, the second processor is normally asleep and is selectively activated by the first processor to perform the complex functions to satisfy the user&#39;s operational demands. Programs and data for operating the second processor flow initially into the second processor. The second processor processes the programs and data and introduces the processed information to a read-only memory in the first processor. When the second processor is to perform such programs and utilize such data, the first processor introduces such program and data to the second processor for processing by the second processor.  
      The invention provides for one consummate handheld personal electronic device that performs a multiplicity of functions. Users will not need to learn a new operating system. There is no need for new, third party software development. All the applications that users are accustomed to running each day on their laptops or desktop computers can be utilized. The novel device is completely mobile, fitting into a shirt picket, a purse or the palm of one&#39;s hand. The device utilizes a single power source (e.g. one battery) for two processors, a first one an embedded processor that performs simple functions and a second one a non-embedded processor that performs relatively complicated functions and utilizes increased amounts of power. The second processor is normally inactivated and is activated when the first processor determines that the second processor should perform these functions.  
      In one embodiment, the embedded processor the embedded processor is configured to operate a keypad control program that includes a set of application protocols that enable the display using a keypad software application. In another embodiment, the invention includes a display switching circuit that enables the display to receive and accurately render information on the display from the respective processors. In another embodiment, the invention includes a display technology that is a novel size. In another embodiment, the invention includes a novel technique for controlling the temperature of the device and dissipating unwanted heat. In yet another embodiment, the invention includes a common application platform that establishes new protocols and interfaces between two operating systems. In various embodiments, the invention can also be configured as an appliance drive that communicates with another computer, for example, a standard type personal computer. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
      The invention is described with reference to the drawings, in which:  
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a typical prior art cellular telephone;  
       FIG. 2A  is a block diagram of a prior art personal digital assistant (PDA) with a physically attached cellular telephone module;  
       FIG. 2B  is a block diagram depicting a prior art integrated cellular telephone and PDA;  
       FIG. 3A  (including  3 A- 1  and  3 A- 2 ) is a bock diagram of the software architecture for a keypad application;  
       FIG. 3B  (including  3 B- 1  and  3 B- 2 ) is a block diagram of one embodiment of a novel personal electronic device of an invention;  
       FIG. 3C  (including  3 C- 1  and  3 C- 2 ) is a detailed block diagram of one embodiment of a novel personal electronic device of an invention;  
       FIG. 4A  depicts a detailed diagram of one embodiment of a display controller of  FIG. 3B ;  
       FIG. 4B  depicts an alternative embodiment of a display of  FIG. 4A ;  
       FIG. 4C  depicts an alternative embodiment of a display switch shown in  FIG. 4A .  
       FIG. 4D  depicts a Complex Logic Device (ASIC) and the logical flow of data to make a switch between an embedded and non-embedded LCD controller;  
      FIGS.  4 E-G depict screen shots of a display according to an embodiment of the invention;  
       FIG. 5A -H depicts one embodiment of the invention and shows the thermal characteristics of this embodiment;  
       FIG. 5I  depicts one embodiment of the invention and shows the use of a temperature sensing diode to determine if the processor temperature exceeds the threshold for the overall temperature of the device.  
       FIG. 6  depicts one embodiment of the invention that shows the features and functions of the device;  
       FIG. 7A  is a block diagram depicting one embodiment in which the novel personal electronic device used in conjunction with an external battery charger;  
       FIG. 7B  is a block diagram depicting one embodiment in which the novel personal electronic device used in conjunction with external computer accessories;  
       FIG. 7C  is a block diagram depicting one embodiment in which the personal electronic device of the invention used in connection with a conventional computer through the use of an appliance interface unit;  
       FIG. 7D  is a diagram showing the USB layers of connectivity between the personal electronic device and the host PC;  
       FIG. 8A  (including  8 A- 1  and  8 A- 2 ) is a diagram depicting one embodiment of the invention which includes a personal electronic device in conjunction with a docking station;  
       FIG. 8B  (including  8 B- 1 ,  8 B- 2  and  8 B- 3 ) is a diagram depicting one embodiment where the docking shell incorporates the use of a fan to keep the device cool while using the Pentium class processor at higher processing speeds.  
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram which depicts one embodiment of a network and which includes one or more personal electronic devices;  
       FIG. 10  is a block diagram depicting one embodiment of a home personal network which shows three network subnets such as wireless, Ethernet and phone line new alliance (PNA) and which includes one or more personal electronic devices;  
       FIG. 11  is a flow chart showing how programs and data intended for use by the non-embedded processor are initially processed by the non-embedded processor and introduced to the embedded processor for storage in the embedded processor;  
       FIG. 12  is a flow chart showing how the programs and data stored in the embedded processor are transferred to the non-embedded processor for use by the non-embedded processor when the non-embedded processor is awakened and activated; and  
       FIG. 13  is a circuit diagram, primarily in block form, showing how stages associated with the embedded and non-embedded processors (a) initially introduce the programs and data to the non-embedded processor, (b) process the programs and data introduced to the non-embedded processor, (c) introduce the processed programs and data to the embedded processor for storage, and (d) thereafter transfer the processed programs and data to the non-embedded processor when the non-embedded processor is awakened and activated to perform the functions represented by the program. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
      The exemplary embodiments are described in detail to set forth the best mode of the invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications may be made while remaining within the spirit and claims of the invention below. For example, references are made to specific operating systems but any operating system satisfying the invention&#39;s requirements may be used. Likewise, references are made to specific integrated circuits and materials, but other integrated circuits and materials satisfying the invention&#39;s requirements may be used. Trademarks used herein belong to their respective owners and are used simply for exemplary purposes.  
     A. DEVICE ARCHITECTURE  
      In accordance with the teachings of the invention disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/809,963 a novel electronic device is taught that combines the features of a plurality of devices selected from: cellular telephone, PDA, PC, IA, pager, cordless telephone, remote control unit (for example, for use with television, stereo, entertainment devices, and so forth) and Global Positioning System (GPS) to provide one common easy-to-use universal device and user interface (UI).  
      In one embodiment of the invention, the novel electronic device is approximately the size of a cellular telephone and includes a large touch screen that provides a liquid crystal display (LCD) and that spans a significant portion of the length and width of the device. For example, the large touch screen may cover an area which would normally be used for both the display and the keypad on a cellular telephone. As one novel feature of this invention, the display and UI change to look appropriate for whatever application in use. For example, if the user desires to use the electronic device as a cellular telephone, the device provides on the LCD screen a cellular telephone image having a full size keypad.  
      1. Display  
      The UI is provided such that the cellular telephone image provided on the LCD will operate when the user touches appropriate locations on the touch screen LCD. This is interpreted by the cellular telephone application as a mouse click event. The same functionality can occur through the use of a jog dial by scrolling over the keypad number and, when highlighted, click the jog dial, by depressing the dial. This is interpreted by the cellular telephone as a mouse click event. The same functionality can occur through the use of a jog dial by depressing the dial. This is also interpreted by the cellular telephone as a mouse click. The same functionality can occur through the use of a jog dial by depressing the dial. This is also interpreted by the cellular telephone as a mouse click.  
      By using the touch screen, the user pushes the touch screen buttons just as if the user were pushing a keypad on a standard cellular telephone. By speaking into the microphone and through the use of the voice activated software, the user can speak the words “dial phone number” and then speak the telephone number. In one embodiment of this invention, the cellular telephone display and UI are selected from one of a plurality of cellular telephone display images and UIs, so that a user familiar with one brand or model of cellular telephone can have that image and UI to utilize with the device in accordance with the present invention. By touching an appropriate area on the LCD screen, or through the use of the job dial on the device, a user transforms the device into other useful software-driven formats, such as a PDA, TV remote control, and so forth.  
      The programmable touch screen design provides for several capabilities including that the screen can emulate cellular telephone manufactures makes and models through a cellular telephone keypad software application. In this manner, the users can feel comfortable with the interface since it may be similar to one that they already use. The user can enable the custom keypad editor software to create custom configurations, button size, color and so forth. The user can also select from a number of available skins and even create their own skins.  
      The architecture of the keypad application has three main components: (a) GUI; (b) internal logic and algorithm; and (c) telephony API.  FIG. 3A  depicts the high level architecture of the CE.net Keypad Application for both the MFC button-based and Graphical button-based versions.  
      The GUI section has two different implementations, the Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) based buttons, and the Graphic-based buttons. In the MFC button-based version, the size of button and the shape of the button is constant, and is not user-definable. In the Graphical button-based version, the graphics are used and there are many design possibilities as it regards button size and shape. The skin selection and editing is common in both the MFC and graphical versions of the Keypad application. The user can select a different type of skin as well as select to paste the skin on the buttons themselves. The user can also paint the background area of the application any color of their choosing provided in the color palette. An advanced user can customize and edit the skin texture using a standard graphics editor.  
      2. Wired and Wireless Communications  
      In one embodiment, the novel electronic device of the present invention utilizes both wireless and PC hardware. In one such embodiment, the device uses three processors, for example, a phone module ARM  7  core processor, the Intel Embedded StrongARM 1110 processor, and the Intel Pentium III mobile processor. In one embodiment, the phone module is a Class B device, supporting both General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Global Special Mobile (GSM) to manage data, Short Messaging System (SMS), voice and fax transmissions. Dual band  900 / 1800  and  900 / 1900  support will ensure international access, without the need for separate modules. The Intel Pentium III mobile processor handles other office automation tasks, such as word processing and spreadsheet manipulation, as well as third-party software application, and land-line based Internet Protocol (IP) support, all managed by the Microsoft Windows XP operating system.  
      3. Power Management  
      One embodiment of the invention disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/809,963 may be thought of, for the sake of simplicity, as a PC and a cellular telephone. These two devices have very different power requirements and user expectations for both stand-by time and use time. In addition to the normal individual power management functions for each of these two devices, the invention disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/809,963 includes an overall system level power management strategy and architecture. This power management strategy allows the device to operate as a cellular telephone independently from the computer in certain modes of operation.  
      In one embodiment of the invention disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/809,963, the computer processor is either turned off completely or put into a deep sleep mode any time that the more robust PC functionality is not absolutely needed. For example, when operating as a PDA, the embedded processor, memory and hard disk are used to the exclusion of the PC circuitry and phone module for such functions as contact management and scheduling, these functions having a lower power requirement. For browsing and email, the embedded processor, phone module, memory, and hard disk are utilized to the exclusion of the PC circuitry. When operating simply as a cellular telephone, the cellular telephone circuitry, having lower power requirements is utilized to the exclusion of the PC circuitry and hard disk. In addition, in one embodiment of the invention disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/809,963, when the battery charge level gets too low for computer usage, the power management mechanism shuts down the computer while still allowing enough talk time so that the cellular telephone can continue to operate.  
      FIGS.  3 B-C are block diagrams of embodiments of the invention, where  FIG. 3B  was previously disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/809,963. In this embodiment, a device  300  may include a single battery  301 , which serves to apply power to all of the modules contained within device  300 . This power is applied via power distribution system  299 . System  209  is of a type well known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be discussed in further detail in this application. In one embodiment, battery  301  may be a lithium polymer battery, for example of 3.5 to 6.0 ampere hour capacity, such as is available from Valence Corporation.  
      Device  300  includes a system processor  302 , which in one embodiment has lower power requirements, and is capable of performing more limited functions, than a standard computer processor. In one embodiment in the system disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/809,963, in order to achieve this lower power requirement, system processor  302  is an embedded processor, having a simplified and embedded operating system contained within its on-chip memory. One such embedded processor suitable for use as the system processor  302  is the StrongArm 1110 Embedded Processor available from Intel. Processor  302  serves as a system controller for the entire electronic device  300 .  
      4. System Processor  
      System processor  302  includes a number of components as is more fully described, for example, in the Intel StrongARM 1110 Technical White Paper, such that system processor  302  is capable of handling contact management, scheduling, and email tasks, as is known in the art, for example in the Hewlett Packard (HP) Jornada PocketPC (CE) device. In this exemplary embodiment, system processor  302  controls telephone module  390 , which serves to provide cellular telephone communications by utilizing any one or more communications standards, including CDMA, TDMA, GSM and the like. Telephone module  390  includes signature identification module SIM  302 - 1 , digital signal processor (DSP)  303 , and RF module  306 .  
      DSP  303  receives audio input via microphone  304  and provides audio output via speaker  305 . The operation of telephone module  390  is well known in the art and will not be further discussed in detail in this application. In one embodiment, SIM  302 - 1  is a unique identification encrypted device available from Xircon Company, with DSP  303  being the digital signal processor (DSP) device, and RF module  306  being the radio frequency (RF) device. These components can be purchased, integrated into a GSM module, for example the CreditCard GPRS available from Xircon Corporation. In one embodiment, SIM  302 - 1  is interchangeable so that a user&#39;s phone number does not have to be changed when migrating to device  300  from a standard cellular telephone.  
      Device  300  also includes processor  320 , which performs tasks requiring greater processor power than is available in system processor  302 . For example, in one embodiment processor  320  can access typical computer programs such as: Window ME and programs running under Windows ME, such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and the like. In one embodiment, computer processor  320  is a Transmeta Crusoe processor operating at 500 megahertz. In an alternative embodiment processor  320  is an Intel Mobile Pentium III operating at 300 to 500 megahertz.  
      Processor  320  is not used for simpler tasks, which are handled more effectively by system processor  302 , particularly with respect to power consumption in system processor  302  and without the need of system processor  320  to be awakened from sleep. Through the use of dual processors  302  and  320 , and thus dual operating systems, the invention disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/809,963 overcomes the inability to reliably “wake up” from a memory based “sleep mode.” By using the embedded operating system of processor  302  and associated embedded software applications for the highly used “simple applications,” processor  320  is not frequently required to wake up. Processor  320  is “awakened” only to perform non-simplistic applications and is “awakened” by signals from the hard disk in the processor  302  rather than by signals from a volatile memory in the processor  320 .  
      Such tasks which are, in certain embodiments, performed by system processor  302  rather than computer processor  320  include the control of telephone module  390 , the control of display  307 , interfacing with touch screen  309  jog dial module  319  and display controller  308 , as well as interfacing with memory devices  310  and  311 , during operation of telephone module  390 . In certain embodiments, system processor  302  also performs additional features suited to its relatively low level of computational ability and low power requirements, such as interfacing with hardware elements contained within accessories module  371 . Such operations include, for example infrared remote control operations using IR module  371 - 3 , for example, for use with entertainment devices.  
      5. Wireless Components  
      In one embodiment, remote control module  371 - 3  interfaces with system processor  302  is a universal remote control device available from Sony Corporation. In such embodiments system processor  302  also performs features associated with accessory module  371 - 1  which, in one embodiment, is a wireless LAN mobile 802.11 device available from 3Com Corporation and, in other embodiments, operation of Bluetooth module  371 - 2 , for example, for cordless headset, and cordless telephone and operation with a cordless telephone base station connected to a landline and communicating with device  300  via Bluetooth.  
      In one embodiment, Bluetooth module  371 - 2  interfacing with system processor  302  is a wireless device available from Philips Corporation. Such other functions which system processor  302  performs via the accessory module  371  include operation of GPS module  371 - 4 , in order to provide detailed and accurate positioning, location, and movement information and the like as well known to those familiar with GPS systems. In one embodiment, GPS module  371 - 4  is a compact flash card device available from Premier Electronics. The built-in GPS can be utilized to determine the latitude and longitude of device  300 . This information can be supplied to software applications such as those which provide driving instructions and eCommerce applications that associate consumers and merchants via latitude and longitude for online ordering, such as the application service provider (ASP) food.com.  
      In one embodiment, accessory module  371  interfacing with system processor  302  includes IRDA module  371 - 5 , which is used for point to point wireless IR communications, which in one embodiment is an integrated transceiver device available from Novalog Corporation. In one embodiment, accessory module  371  includes home RF module  371 - 6 , which serves to provide access to a pre-existing 2.4 GHz home wireless communication network, and which, in one embodiment, is a 2.4 GHz wireless device available from WaveCom Corporation. In one embodiment Bluetooth and PC synchronization functions between system  300  and other PC computing devices that have utilized the Bluetooth technology as their wireless interfaces.  
      In certain embodiments, system processor  302  also performs more sophisticated tasks, yet tasks which are well suited to its level of computational ability, which is less than that of processor  320 . Such tasks include, for example, Window PocketPC (CE), and programs which may be run under Windows PocketPC (CE), for example running display  307  during the telephone mode, and Pocket Outlook, including email, contact management, and scheduling.  
      6. Shared Components  
      In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3B , memory and storage module  385  serves as a shared resource module which may be shared by system processor  302  and processor  320 . The processor  320  may access memory and storage module  385  via memory and graphics controller  321 . Memory and storage module  385  may include, in this exemplary embodiment, ROM  327  which may serve to store the embedded operating system. In one embodiment, Microsoft Pocket PC (CE), SDRAM  310  may serve as the main memory for devices  302  and  320  for use by computer programs running on their respective operating systems. In this embodiment, flash memory  311  may be used as an application cache memory. In this embodiment, hard disk drive  325  may be a 4 gigabyte micro-drive such as is available from IBM Corporation. In an alternative embodiment, hard disk drive  325  may be a semiconductor device which emulates a hard disk, such as is available from Sandisk Corporation. In one embodiment, SDRAM  310  may provide 64 to 256 megabytes of FLASH memory, such as is available from Samsung Corporation. In one embodiment, the available memory may be shared but specific memory addresses are not shared. Memory address blocks are not shared or made available to both system processor  302  and computer processor  320  at the same time.  
      Utilizing hard disk drive  325  as a shared resource between system processor  302  and processor  320  provides an enormous data storage capacity available for both processors and eliminates the data storage limitation normally encountered when using a typical prior art PDA or a similar device utilizing an embedded processor with a limited amount of semiconductor memory. In one embodiment, hard disk drive  325  may be artificially partitioned for Microsoft PocketPC (CE) data storage space. In another embodiment, hard disk drive  325  may share the file systems between the two operating environments by protecting certain operating environment files but still allowing for the use of shared files when appropriate.  
      7. Graphics and Display  
      Operating with processor  320  are memory and graphics controller  321 , such as Intel 82815 graphics memory controller hub (GMCH) device, and controller and I/O module  322 , for example an Intel 82801 integrated controller hub (ICH) device. This device provides IDE and PCI controller types of functions, as well as a USB output port suitable for use such as connecting to the  601  module as a docking strip or connecting to module  700  as an appliance unit to an existing PC. In an alternative embodiment, controller and I/O module  322  is an Intel 82801 ICH device operating in conjunction with an Intel WA3627 device, which provides additional peripheral device attachments such as floppy drives, additional hard disks, CD-ROMS, DVD&#39;s, external mouse, keyboards and external monitor integrated in a combination as to form as to comprise module  800  as the docking station functionality. Controller and I/O module  322  serve to interface processor  320  with various I/O devices such as hard disk drive  325 . Other I/O modules include modem  324 , and other external I/O devices controlled by external I/O controller  323 . Such other external I/O devices include, for example, keyboard, CD ROM drive, floppy disk drives, mouse, network connection, and so forth.  
      In one embodiment of the invention disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/809,963, system processor  302  serves as the overall power manager of device  300 . Thus, system processor  302  determines when processor  320  will be on and when it will be in its sleep mode. In one embodiment, system processor  302  determines the operating speed of processor  320 , for example, based on the tasks being performed by processor  320 , the charge on battery  301 , and user preferences.  
      8. Power Management  
      As part of its power management tasks, system processor  302  determines which components related to processor  320  will be turned on when processor  320  is in operation. Thus, processor  320  can be operating while one or more of external I/O controller  323 , modem  324 , and hard disk drive  325  are disabled because those devices are not necessary for the tasks at hand, thus saving power and extending the useful life of Battery  301 . As part of the power management operation, system processor  302  also determines when display  307  is illuminated, when telephone module  390  is powered up, and the like.  
      Many of the power management decisions are driven by the user&#39;s desire to perform a specific function. For example, in one embodiment, to access Microsoft Outlook the following events occur to minimize power requirements, system processor  302  powers up only processor  320  and memory and graphics controller  321 . In this manner, FLASH memory  311  and SDRAM  310  are accessed via memory and graphics controller  321 . Memory and graphics controller  321  manages the graphics display of Outlook, and the Outlook executable and data file are read from FLASH memory  311  and/or SDRAM memory  310 . If the user alters the Outlook data file in FLASH memory  311  and/or SDRAM memory  310 , such as by adding a new contact, then system processor  302  in conjunction with memory and graphics controller  321  writes the updated information back to FLASH memory  311  and/or SDRAM memory  310 . When the user exits Outlook, system processor  302  writes all necessary data back to FLASH memory  311  including any data elements residing in SDRAM memory  310 .  
      The following chain of events will then occur: 
          a. System processor  302  attempts to wake up processor  320 .     b. If processor  320  cannot be awakened due to undesirable conditions determined by system processor  302  and PC elements  320 ,  321 ,  322 ,  323 , and  325  (which are now powered up).     b.1. A re-boot of processor  320  is initiated.     b.2. The PC module reboots Window 320 ME in the background. Once the reboot has been completed, then the updated Outlook data residing in FLASH memory  311  is written to hard disk version of the data file in Outlook.     b.3. Once the reboot has been completed, then system processor  302  returns processor  320  to sleep mode.     c. On the contrary, if the PC module can be awakened, the updated Outlook data residing in FLASH memory  311  is written back to the Outlook data file residing on hard disk drive  325 .     d. System processor  302  returns processor  320  to sleep mode.        

      As another feature of power management, system processor  302  manages the duty cycle of display  307 . For example, user input to the touch screen results in display  307  power up. The user then taps the cell phone icon on the main menu and the keypad application is invoked by loading from FLASH memory  311 . The user taps in a phone number to call and taps the “Send” button. The application dials the phone number stating “Dialing Number . . . ” and connects the call displaying “Call Connected.” The application messages to system processor  302  that the call has been completed and transaction complete. System processor  302  waits for a period of time, for example 3 seconds, then powers down display  307  to conserve power. System processor  302  then is in its “standby” mode, idling and waiting for user input or an incoming call to “wake up”.  
      9. Simultaneous Operation of the Processors  
      As described above, the non-embedded processor is configured to perform a set of functions and the embedded processor is configured to perform a limited set of functions compared to the non-embedded processor. In one aspect of the invention, the embedded processor and non-embedded processor are configured to selectively operate simultaneously. This is advantageous because each process may perform different functions for the user, and the user can access both functions simultaneously. Simultaneous operation is typically triggered by the user providing an instruction to operate the embedded processor and non-embedded processor functions.  
      In some cases, the embedded processor functions include functions not supported by the non-embedded processor, and the non-embedded processor functions include functions non supported by the embedded processor and the embedded processor and the non-embedded processor are configured to operate simultaneously when exclusive functions of both the embedded processor and non-embedded processor are to be performed.  
     B. DISPLAY DESIGN AND CONTROLLER  
      1. LCD Design  
      System processor  302  also serves to control display  307 , which may have any suitable display technology, for example LCD. In one embodiment, display  307  is a LCD Thin Film Transfer (TFT) Reflective Touch screen Reflective, front-lit display, such as manufactured by Sony Corporation and used in the iPAQ 3650 PDA device. In one embodiment, display  307  has a resolution of 150 dpi with 65,836 colors available, and is a half SVGA 800×300 dpi. In one embodiment, an aspect ratio 800×600 is provided but only a fraction of the height (for example only the upper half or lower half) of the actual image is displayed, with jog dial or touch screen control used to scroll to the upper or lower half of the screen not in view. Display  307  is controlled by display controller  308 , which serves to receive display information from system processor  302 , and from processor  320 , via memory and graphics controller  321 .  
      System processor  302  instructs display controller  308  as to which display signal source is to be used, i.e., that from System Processor  302  or that from memory and graphics controller  321 . System processor  302  also controls touch screen  309  and jog dial module  319 . Touch screen  309  serves as a user input device overlaying display  307 , and is, for example, an integral part of the device from Sony Corporation. Jog dial module  319  receives user input applied to the touch screen and converts these analog signals to digital signals for use by system processor  302 .  
      2. Display Switching  
      Device  300  runs with two display controllers driven by two different processor technologies. One display controller is called an “LCD Controller” and is an embedded controller within the StrongARM processor. The other is a Pentium III processor and is driven by its ancillary 82815 Graphics Memory and Controller Hub (GMCH) chip. The fundamental problem is that the LCD accepts 18 bits of display data, but the LCD Controller on the StrongARM outputs 16 bits of display data, and the Pentium III 82815 GMCH outputs 24 bits of display data. The purpose of the ASIC is to translate the differences between the two display controllers and represent the display data in 18 bits to the LCD regardless of which controller is used.  
       FIG. 4A  is a block diagram depicting in more detail display controller  308 . Shown for convenience in  FIG. 4A  is also system processor  302 , memory and graphics controller  321 , and display  307 . In one embodiment, display controller  308  includes memory, which includes two portions, Windows DISPLAY ram  308 - 1  and user interface display RAM  308 - 2 . Memory  308 - 1  and  308 - 2  is, in one embodiment, a dual ported RAM allowing communication with both system processor  302  and memory and graphics controller  321 . In an alternative embodiment, memory  308  is not dual ported, but rather is divided into two portions of high speed synchronous RAM, with system processor  302  and processor  320  being allocated their own separate portions of RAM  308 .  
      Windows display memory  308 - 1  receives from both system processor  302  and processor  320 , as appropriate, the frame data, which forms part of the definition of the image to be displayed on LCD  307 . User interface display RAM  308 - 2  receives from system processor  302  and processor  320 , as appropriate, pixel data for use with the frame data stored in the Windows display RAM  308 - 1 , which will complete the information needed to provide the desired display on display  307 . Display controller  308 - 3  serves to retrieve data from Windows display data RAM  308 - 1  and user interface display RAM  308 - 2  to provide the desired display on display  307 . Display controller  308 - 3  communicates with system processor  302  via control bus  375  and also communicates with memory and graphics controller via control bus  376 .  
       FIG. 4B  is an alternative embodiment in which system processor  302  and memory controller  321  communicate with display  307  by utilizing separate display controllers contained within system processor  302  and memory controller  321 , respectively. In this embodiment, display controller  401  is provided, which includes a selection circuit operating under the control of system processor  302  for selecting video display signals received from the display controller contained in system processor  302  or, alternatively, signals from the display controller contained in controllers and I/O module  322 , under the control of memory and graphics controller  321 . For example, when system processor  302  is an embedded StrongARM 110 processor device available from Intel, it contains its own display controller with USB input/output (I/O).  
      Similarly, graphics and memory display controller  321 , which in one embodiment is an 82801 GMCH device available from Intel, communicates with I/O module  322 , which in one embodiment is an 82801 ICH device available from Intel having its own USB output as well. In this embodiment, universal serial bus (USB) connections provide communications between system processor  302  and display  307 , and between controllers and I/O module  322  and display  307 . In this embodiment, the processing of display data occurs within controllers residing in devices  302  and  321 . In this embodiment, display controller  401  acts as a switching device, not a processing device, between the two controllers described above.  
      Example A: In one example, shown in  FIG. 4D , the default display is a touchscreen 800×300 TFT LCD  307 , and is driven by the StrongARM processor  302  LCD controller  381 . The StrongARM processor  302  and embedded operating system CE.net is used for running the LCD touchscreen driver, as well as the main menu, web browsing, e-mail and the cell phone keypad applications.  
      When the user determines that he or she desires to run the XP operating system,  FIG. 4E , the user presses the “Go to Desktop” button on the main menu,  FIG. 4F , displayed on LCD,  FIG. 4D, 307  and  FIG. 3C, 307 . The XP operating system,  FIG. 4E , resides on the hard disk,  FIG. 3C, 325 , utilizing the Pentium III processor,  FIG. 3C, 320 , the Graphics and Memory Controller,  FIG. 4D   321  and  FIG. 3C, 321 , and the 82801 Integrated Controller Hub,  FIG. 3C, 322 . The LCD,  FIG. 4D, 307  and  FIG. 3C, 307 , are driven by the Graphics and Memory Controller  FIG. 4D, 381  and  FIG. 3C, 381 . The main menu application,  FIG. 4F , which uses the CE.net operating system,  FIG. 4G , and the StrongARM Processor,  FIG. 4D, 302  and  FIG. 3C, 302 , sends the request for a display mode change to the LCD Controller,  FIG. 4D, 381  and  FIG. 3C, 381 , and then thru to the ASIC,  FIG. 4D, 308  and  FIG. 3C, 308 . The ASIC,  FIG. 4D, 308  and  FIG. 3C, 308 , receives the switch input signal and routes the signal to Function Blocks,  FIG. 4D ,  215 - 219 . The switch signal is passed to the I/O Switch Signal,  FIG. 4D, 220 , which passes the request to Function Block,  FIG. 4D, 219 . Function Block,  FIG. 4D, 219  determines the appropriate synchronization so that the “switch” will occur with the proper vertical timing signal to the Graphics Memory Controller,  FIG. 4D, 321  and  FIG. 3C, 321 . The Graphics and Memory Controller,  FIG. 4D, 321  and  FIG. 3C, 321 , receives the “switch request” from the ASIC,  FIG. 3C, 308  and  FIG. 4D, 308 , moving from the Function Block,  FIG. 4D, 219 , thru the Switch Matrix,  FIG. 15, 214 , and I/O Blocks,  FIG. 4D, 213 , and is input to the Graphics and Memory Controller,  FIG. 4D, 321  and  FIG. 3C, 321 . The Graphics Memory Controller,  FIG. 4D, 321 , and  FIG. 4D, 321 , then sends the output display data in a 24 bit format, and is passed thru the ASIC I/O,  FIG. 4D, 213 , and the Switch Matrix,  FIG. 4D, 214 , to one of the Function Blocks,  FIG. 4D ,  215 - 219 , to make the data translation from 24 bit wide data to 18 bit wide data. Once the translation has been processed, the 18 bit wide data, in the correct format is passed back to the Switch Matrix,  FIG. 4D, 214 , and the I/O Block ( FIG. 4D, 213 , to the LCD,  FIG. 4D, 307  and  FIG. 4D, 307 . At this point, the user is now seeing a representation of a PC desktop,  FIG. 4E , on the LCD,  FIG. 3C, 307  and  FIG. 4D, 307 .  
       FIG. 4D  Reference Number Glossary  
       210 : Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).  
       211 : JTAG Controller used to receive programming input fro JTAG port  221 .  
       212 : In-System Programming Controller used to route the Macrocell programming code to the correct Function Block.  
       213 : Input/Output blocks that connect the ASIC to the appropriate I/O leads on the chip  212  or  214  or LCD  307 .  
       214 : The Switch Matrix determines which I/O lead sends and receives data from or to which Function Block.  
       215 - 219 : Function Blocks that hold programming instructions.  
       220 : I/O Switch Signal Block used for switching signals and passing the switch signal request to Function Block  16   219 , which thru a decision tree determines which Function Block ( 215  thru  219 ) has the code to process the request. Note: The switching is synchronized in that the “switch” will occur only when the selected input has a vertical timing signal. This reduces the tearing of the LCD during the switch by “switching” display modes only when the LCD is to start at the top of the screen.  
       221 : JTAG port has I/O leads to the JTAG Controller  211  for programming purposes.  
       302 : StrongARM Embedded Processor.  
       381 : StrongARM LCD Controller. The StrongARM LCD Controller output is 16 bits wide plus 3 timing, and it is input only to the ASIC.  
       321 : Graphics and Memory Controller for the Pentium PIII Processor. The Pentium III GMCH output is 24 bits wide plus 3 timing, and it is input only to the ASIC.  
       307 : LCD, 18 bit, Transflective, 800×300 Half-SVGA, 65,000 Color, Liquid Crystal Diode Display. The ASIC output is 18 bits wide plus 3 timing, and it is output only to the LCD.  
       FIG. 3C  Description of Block Diagrams  
       302 : Intel StrongARM Processor  
       375 : General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO).  
       376 : Universal Serial Bus (USB) Channel  0 .  
       377 : Universal Asynchronous Receive and Transmit (UART) Channel  1 .  
       378 : Infrared Serial Port Channel  2 .  
       379 : Universal Asynchronous Receive and Transmit (UART) Channel  3 .  
       302 : StrongARM LCD Controller  
       382 : StrongARM Memory Controller  
       373 : StrongARM Audio CODEC.  
       311 : Static Random Access Memory (RAM).  
       327 : Read Only Memory (ROM).  
       310 : Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM).  
       308 : Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD).  
       375 : General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO).  
       307 : Liquid Crystal Diode (LCD) Display.  
       321 : Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH).  
       322 : Integrated Controller Hub (ICH).  
       372 : Basic Input Output System (BIOS).  
       389 : External Display  
       386 : AC 97 Audio  
       387 : Universal Serial Bus (USB) Controller.  
       388 : Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Hard Disk Controller.  
       325 : Hard Disk.  
       323 : External Input/Output (I/O) Devices.  
       383 : Compressor/Decompressor (CODEC) for the Integrated Controller Hub (ICH) ( 322 )  
       384 : Speaker.  
       385 : Microphone.  
       373 : Audio Compressor/Decompressor (CODEC) for StrongARM ( 302 ) Processor CODEC Channel  4  ( 380 ).  
       396 : Speaker.  
       395 : Microphone.  
       398 : Bluetooth Personal Area Network (PAN).  
       306 : Antenna.  
       390 : Voice and Data Module General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and GSM.  
       311 : Static Random Access Memory (RAM).  
     C. OPERATING SYSTEMS  
      As a feature of certain embodiments of the invention disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/809,963, device  300  operates by using two processors, each utilizing its own operating system. This allows device  300  to take advantage of the “best of breed” from both embedded and non-embedded operating environments. For example, the embedded operating system of system processor  302  is self-contained, and the software applications that run within the embedded operating environment are considered “closed.” Specifically, in a “closed” environment, the software used is specified by the developer of the embedded system and may not be upgraded or modified by the user of the embedded operating system. In addition, no new software may be introduced to the embedded system by the user; the Microsoft PocketPC operating system and Microsoft Outlook for the PocketPC are respectively examples of a “closed” embedded operating system and a “closed” embedded software application residing in a “closed” environment.  
      The ability to debug and test an embedded system without the concern of a user introducing to the system new software or modifications, or patches (which could introduce bugs or viruses to the embedded system) make the ability to create a stable operating environment much easier by orders of magnitude, compared to an “open” software environment. Therefore, by definition, an embedded operating environment is inherently more reliable and stable than a non-embedded operating environment for the reasons described above.  
      Device  300  has been designed to take full advantage of the “closed” embedded environment by using an embedded operating system and embedded software applications that are considered to be “simple” and “high-use” applications, as it regards duty-cycle usage. More importantly, device  300  has been designed to take full advantage of the “closed” embedded environment for such functions as cellular telephone calls, scheduling appointments, sending and receiving email, and web browsing. In addition to the reliability benefits, which are tremendous, the embedded environment has dramatically lower power consumption, when compared to processor  320  and its related components, if used to perform the same tasks.  
      Conversely in an “open” software operating environment, such as in the case with the PC module (processor  320  and its related devices  321 ,  322 , and  325 ), the user is free to add, modify and delete software applications and data files at will. Device  300  has also provided to the user an “open” operating environment, with an industry standard operating system, allowing for the use of industry standard software. The user of device  300  is free to load and manipulate software and data files that reside in the “open” operating environment of the PC module without fear of corrupting the core functionality of the entire device. The “open” environment provides a tremendous amount of PC use flexibility. However, unfortunately, since there is no guarantee of compatibility between the new software being introduced or modified in the “open” environment, or no guarantee of compatibility between the new software and the previously provided software, it increases the possibility of system failures. This is one reason why, in addition to greater power consumption, the PC module  320  is not used as the system processor/controller exclusively in device  300 .  
      1. Voice Command  
      In one embodiment, voice command and control are provided in one or both the embedded operating environment of system processor  302  and non-embedded operating environment of processor  320 . When used in both operating system environments, a seamless voice command and control user experience is achieved, regardless of the operating mode of device  300 . In one embodiment, voice recognition is provided as well, for example by way of voice recognition software run by processor  320 .  
      2. Power and Thermal Management  
      Power management is significant in that device  300  includes a number of elements which need not always be powered. By selectively powering down certain elements, the useful life of battery  301  is extended considerably. Table 1 shows, by way of example, a variety of functions and the associated power management scheme for various modules. For example, in one embodiment while mobile and using power available via battery  301 , the Microsoft PocketPC (CE) operating system is used in conjunction with system processor  302 , memory  310 , ROM  327  (containing for example BIOS), and hard disk drive  325  for the major computing tasks. Computing tasks for use in this mode typically include email, contact management, calendar functions, and wireless browsing. In this operating environment, power is managed by putting the other modules into a sleep mode or turning them completely off.  
      Synchronization of the data files between the embedded Microsoft PocketPC (CE) and the Windows XP PC modules is accomplished by turning the PC module “on” and using customized synchronization software to update the Windows XP PC module data files. There are certain user functions that are shared between the two operating environments of Microsoft PocketPC (CE) and Microsoft Windows XP. These functions include, but are not limited to, for example, the Outlook data file, which includes contact management, email and calendar data, and favorite site data, stored in Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE).  
      The device  300  is a dual processing device that utilizes an Embedded processor and a Pentium Class processor, LCD, Memory, Voice and Data module, Hard Disk and Battery, all contained in a small form-factor of 6.25″×2.5″×0.91″. These components draw approximately 5.75 watts of power, and could generate internal temperatures up to 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. These components create hot spots on the device, and without proper thermal management, which would cause electrical and mechanical failure of the device  300 . The hot spots are typically located in close proximity to the devices, but can also occur elsewhere.  
      There are many variables that affect the temperatures of device  300 . Thru thermal modeling, shown in  FIGS. 5A  thru G, it was determined that the best method of managing the heat generated in device  300  was to make the bottom-casing an aluminum case. The case is the heat sink for device  300 . Aluminum was chosen for its thermal characteristics, as well as it is a light-weight metal.  
      Thermal modeling showed that by adding features, e.g. dimples or undulations, to the bottom casing, the case&#39;s ability to dissipate heat was increased by approximately 25%. This created a dramatic increase in thermal management capability, improving component life expectancy, as well as eliminating problems associated with traditional methods of heat removal. An example of a traditional method would be to include a small 400 fpm fan, as shown in  FIG. 8B, 850 , that would cool the device internally. This method would keep the device cool, but draw a significant amount of power, and increase the form-factor X, Y, and Z dimensions. In addition, since device  300  is also used as a Cell Phone, there was the potential problem of the fan creating noise that would interfere with the user&#39;s ability to communicate with a caller.  
      A temperature sensing diode, as shown in  FIG. 5I, 501 , may also be used to control the internal heat of device  300 . Under unforeseeable conditions the Pentium Class processor  320 , could exceed its normal power consumption due to heavy processing required by a software application. This may cause the internal temperature to exceed 140 degrees Fahrenheit. Under these conditions, the casing may not be able to dissipate the heat quickly enough to keep the internal temperature below 140 degrees. The circuitry used with the temperature sensing diode determines the threshold limit and turns OFF/ON the Pentium Class CPU clock periodically, reducing the Megahertz speed of the processor until the internal temperature drops below the threshold limit of 140 degrees Fahrenheit. In this manner, the CPU continues to process information, but the speed is reduced until the internal temperature falls back to acceptable limits.  
      Two studies focused on a 4.216 Watt and 7.886 Watt power dissipation. When the prototype of device  300  was built, the actual temperature was measured and at 6.5 Watts, device  300  measured a maximum back-side external temperature of 104 degrees Fahrenheit and a front-side external temperature of 86 degrees Fahrenheit. This implies that based on the thermal analysis, and the actual prototype temperature, at 5.75 Watts the external back-side temperature will be 100.4 degrees and the front-side temperature will remain at 86 degrees. The results of the thermal analysis are shown in  FIGS. 5A  thru G.  
      3. Applications  
      The applications that are used to perform the functions described above are redundant in that they exist within each operating environment. These applications, although identical in functionality, are, from a software architecture perspective, dramatically different in nature and have been programmed to maximize their use in each environment. Specifically, the embedded version of Outlook, in the Microsoft PocketPC (CE) operating environment, for example, has been optimized with the smallest footprint in memory in order to operate the application in an environment having a less powerful processor and limited memory. Such is not the case with the Microsoft Windows XP Outlook version, where a complete Windows object library is used to construct the Outlook application. If redundant or unused object functionality is loaded and processed into memory, the inefficiencies are ignored because since the PC processor is so fast, there is no cost benefit to optimization. In accordance with the invention disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/809,963, in order to ensure the best user experience and maintain the highest level of functionality, such application data is seamlessly and silently updated and synchronized between the two operating systems and applications.  
     D. CONNECTION AND COMMUNICATIONS  
      1. Standalone  
       FIG. 6  is a diagram depicting one embodiment of the present invention, including jog dial  319 , RJ11 Jack  502  for connection to, for example, a telephone line or network interface, and USB connection  323 . In addition, microphone  304  and speaker  305 , infrared for remote control and data synchronization  504 , display  307 , antenna  510 , an power on/off are shown.  
      FIGS.  7 A-B are diagrams depicting the device  300  used in conjunction with other systems and accessories.  FIG. 7A  is a block diagram depicting one embodiment in which the novel personal electronic device used in conjunction with an external battery charger.  FIG. 7B  is a diagram depicting device  300  in use with external computer accessories, for example, when the user arrives at a home or business office and wishes to use more conventional I/O devices. In this environment, device  300  includes universal serial bus (USB) interface as external I/O interface  323 . Docking strip  601  serves to interface between external I/O modules and device  300 . As shown in  FIG. 7B , docking strip  601  includes a multi-port USB hub  602  which communicates via USB cable  610  with device  300 . Multi-port USB hub  602  in turn interfaces to various external I/O interfaces, shown in this example as (a) USB interface  603 , which is connected to, for example CD ROM drive  631 , (b) PS/2 interface  604 , which is connected to, for example keyboard  632 , (c) PS/2 interface  605 , which is connected to, in this example, mouse  633 , and (d) VGA interface  606  which, in this embodiment, is connected to external CRT or LCD video display  634 .  
      In this fashion, the simple, low power device  300  is able to be easily, and inexpensively, connected to a wide variety of external, and more conventional I/O devices, some examples of which are shown in the embodiment of  FIG. 7B . In one embodiment, docking strip  601  receives what little power requirements it has, via USB cable  610  from device  300 . In this embodiment, certain external I/O devices such as CD ROM drive  631  and display  634  receive their power from the AC supply, thereby not adding to the power requirements which must be met by device  300 .  
       FIG. 7C  is a diagram depicting device  300  in use with another computer system so that, for example, the other computer system is able to access the memory and data storage elements of device  300 . This is useful, for example, when a traveler returns to a fixed location, such as home or work office, hotel room, and so forth, and desires to utilize a standard computer system (which might include a network connection) to access the data within device  300 . Conveniently, during this operation, battery  301  of device  300  can be recharged.  
      Referring back to  FIG. 7A , appliance interface unit  700  serves to interface between a conventional computer, for example via USB cable  713 , and device  300 . In one embodiment, device  300  includes a connector  701 , which serves to mate with connector  702  of appliance interface unit  700 . Appliance interface unit  700  also includes power supply  710  and battery charger  711  (which in one embodiment are conveniently constructed as a single module), which receives power from an external power source and provides power, via connector  702  to connector  701  in order to charge battery  301  within device  300 . This battery charging is conveniently performed while the external computer system is accessing the memory and storage device (such as hard disk drive  325 ) within device  300 .  
      In one embodiment of the invention, device  300  can act as an external hard disk to an existing PC by communicating to the PC via a Universal Serial Bus (USB). Physically, the connectivity can be accomplished in one of two ways as follows, and is also shown in  FIG. 7C .  
      1. Proprietary cable: The proprietary connector on device  300  is connected to a Type B USB connector on the PC. The proprietary connector circuitry  721  is designed to emulate a Type A USB connector. To the PC, device  300  is an external USB hard disk.  
      2. Port Replicator Connection: The proprietary connector  725  is connected to the Port Replicator  726 . The USB Type B connector  727  is attached, via a standard USB cable to the USB Type A  728  connector on the PC. To the PC, the device  300  is an external USB hard disk.  
       FIG. 7D  shows an overview of the USB, identifying different layers of the connectivity between the device  300  and a PC.  
      USB Physical Device: Device  300  is viewed by the PC as a piece of hardware. In this example, the Host PC  739  sees device  300  as an external hard disk.  
      Client Software  730 : This is a piece of software that executes on the host PC, corresponding to a USB device, in this example device  300 . This software is provided along with device  300  to be loaded by the end-user onto the Microsoft Windows ME, XP or 2000 Operating System.  
      USB System Software  731 : This is the software that supports the USB in a particular operating system. This software is provided by Microsoft in their ME, XP and  2000  operating systems. The software supplied in the operating system, is independent of particular USB devices or client software.  
      USB Host Controller  732  (Host Side Bus Interface): The hardware and software that allows USB devices to be attached to a host PC.  
      As shown in  FIG. 7D , the connection of a host PC to a device requires interaction between a number of layers and entities. The USB Bus Interface Layer  738  provides physical/signaling/packet connectivity between the host PC  739  and device  300 . The USB Device Layer  737  is the view the USB System Software  731  has for performing generic USB operations with a device, in this example, device  300 . The Function Layer  736  within the device  300  provides additional capabilities to the host PC  739  via appropriately matched Client Software  730  that resides on the host PC  739 . In this example, the Client Software  730  on the host PC  739  is matching to an external hard disk. The USB Device  737  and Function Layers  736  each have a view of logical communication within their respective layers that actually uses the USB Bus Interface Layer  738  to accomplish data transfer.  
      There are shared rights and responsibilities between the four USB system components. Since this is a standard Universal Serial Bus, device  300  conforms to the standard in order to communicate to any USB enabled PC as an external USB hard disk by providing the Client Software  730  to the host PC  739 , and within device  300  itself provides for the Function Layer  736 . In this manner, the USB enabled PC knows that when physically connected via the methods described above, device  300  is viewed as an external hard disk.  
      In order for device  300  to function as an external hard disk, the Pentium Class circuitry needs to be turned “ON.” This can be accomplished by the User booting the Windows XP operating system on the device  300  either before or after connecting the device  300  to the host USB enabled PC.  
      2. Docking Station  
       FIG. 8A  is a block diagram showing one embodiment of a docking station  800  for use with device  300 . Various elements contained within device  300  are shown, which have particularly relevance to interconnection with docking station  800 . Also shown within device  300  is a network port (for example, Ethernet port) serving as external I/O interface  323 . Docking station  800  includes connector  802  for connection to device  300  via its connector  701 . In one embodiment, docking station  800  includes power supply  810  and battery charger  811 , which in one embodiment are fabricated as a single module and which receive power from an external source in order to supply docking station  800 , as well as provide battery charging current to device  300 .  
      Docking station  800  includes, for example, an external CRT or LCD display  834  and USB hub  803  for connection with device  300  controller and I/O module  322 . USB hub  803  connects to docking station I/O module  822  and other USB devices, if desired. Alternatively, I/O module  822  of docking station  800  is connected to device  300  via LPC bus  862  as an alternative interface. Other types of interfaces can be used as well. I/O module  822  serves to communicate with device  300  and various I/O modules shown, by way of example, as infrared I/O module  843 , printer  842 , keyboard  832 , mouse  833 , CD ROM drive  831 , and floppy drive  841 . Any other desired I/O modules can, of course, be used in a similar fashion.  
      In the embodiment shown, external I/O module  323  of device  300  is a network port, for example an Ethernet port. This network port is coupled via connectors  701  and  802  to network connection  851 , allowing device  300  to be connected to a network. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 8 , device  300  includes modem  324  which is connected to a telephone line  852  by a connection through connectors  701  and  802 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 8 , docking station  800  includes its own CODEC  853 , as well as one or more microphones and one or more speakers, allowing the audio input-output to be performed with elements of docking station  800 , rather than integral elements of device  300 .  
      In one embodiment, when device  300  is docked with docking station  800 , display controller  308  automatically turns off display  307  and uses the docking station monitor  834 . Display controller  308  automatically provides display signals to docking station monitor  834  to provide a full SVGA display of 800×600. If desired, docking station monitor  834  is custom configurable through the use of display controller  308  to set the docking station monitor  834  at higher resolutions.  
      In one embodiment, when device  300  is docked within docking station  800 , telephone module  390  is able to be used concurrently with the landline based telephone connection  852 , allowing, for example, a voice telephone call to be made concurrently with a modem connection, and two concurrent (and/or conjoined) telephone connections.  
      In another embodiment,  FIG. 8B , shows when device  300  is docked with docking station  800 , display controller  308  automatically turns off display  307  and uses the docking station monitor  834 . Display controller  308  automatically provides display signals to docking station monitor  834  to provide a full SVGA display of 800×600. This embodiment shows all the peripheral attachments connected via a USB hub  802  and device  300  being cooled by a 400 fpm fan  850  used as part of Device  800 , the docking shell.  
      In the disclosed embodiments, the device can include a terminal configured to receive a docked signal from a docking station, e.g. by the docking strip. In one aspect, when the device is docked, the embedded processor and non-embedded processor are configured to freely operate simultaneously in response to the docked signal. In another aspect, when the device is docked, the embedded processor increases the non-embedded processor clock rate in response to the docked signal. These increases in processor usage can cause an increase in the heat created by the device. Consequently, one aspect of the docking station including a fan is to turn on the fan in response to the device  300  being docked.  
      3. LAN Communications  
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram depicting a typical local area network (LAN), including one or more personal electronic devices of the present invention, which are connected to the network either directly, or via network drivers contained within the personal electronic device, a network connection contained in docking strip  601 , or the network connection provided by docking station  800  of  FIG. 8 .  
       FIG. 10  is a diagram of a home network, where there are several different network connectivity examples, such as a wireless 802.11 LAN, a standard Ethernet LAN and a home phone network alliance (PNA) all integrated into one solution for one home network.  
     E. COMMON APPLICATION PROTOCOL  
       FIGS. 11 and 12  provide common application protocol (CAP) diagrams which constitute flow charts showing the successive steps in a method constituting this invention when this method is used in or with the system shown in  FIGS. 1-10 .  FIG. 13  schematically shows hardware including this invention when the hardware is included in the system shown in  FIGS. 1-12 .  
       FIG. 11  shows a common application protocol (CAP) initialization and table association update for introducing protocols to the non-embedded processor  320 , processing the protocols and introducing the processed protocols to the embedded processor  302 . The start of the process is indicated at  1000  in  FIG. 11 . As a first step, a non-embedded processor such as the non-embedded Windows XP processor  320  initializes the communication protocols and makes the processor ready for accepting and receiving data. This is indicated at  1002  in  FIG. 11 .  
      The non-embedded (e.g., Windows XP) processor  320  then makes a list of new extension form registry as indicated at  1004  in  FIG. 11 . These extensions are for associating the extensions with file types, for example .doc may be associated with Microsoft Word files. The extension form registry provides a new application protocol, which is defined by a series of programs or modifiers it provides extensions or modifications of an application protocol. If the extension form registry does not exist so that the application protocol is new, the non-embedded processor  320  writes the entire contents of the file into a new extension form registry. If the extension form registry does exist, the non-embedded processor  320  writes the difference between the new extension form registry and the existing extension form registry and the new settings for the extension form registry. This is indicated at  1006  in  FIG. 11 .  
      The non-embedded processor  320  then sends the extension form registry file to the embedded (e.g., Windows CE) processor  302  (see  1008 ). The embedded processor  302  receives the extension form registry file. If the extension form registry file already exists at the embedded processor  302 , the embedded processor  302  removes the existing file and replaces it with the file which the processor has just received. This is indicated at  1010  in  FIG. 11 .  
      The embedded processor  302  then parses the file and makes a list of extensions to add and a list of extensions to remove (see  1012  in  FIG. 11 ). The embedded processor subsequently registers the new extensions and resolves the old extensions if these extensions are no longer supported (as indicated at  1014  in  FIG. 11 ). The flow chart in  FIG. 11  is ended at  1016 .  
       FIG. 12  is a flow chart indicating the successive steps which are performed when the non-embedded processor  320  is to perform the protocols of the extension form registry recorded in the embedded processor  302  in accordance with the steps shown in  FIG. 11  and described above. The start of the successive steps is indicated at  1017 .  
      The user of the embedded processor  302  initially clicks in a file in the processor file system or an email attachment as indicated at  1013 . The embedded processor  302  then sends to the non-embedded processor  320  the information in the file and the data relating to the file (see  1020 ). The non-embedded processor receives the file information and the new file data and saves the physical file. The non-embedded processor  320  then launches ( 1024 ) the file with the appropriate extension form registry application. This is the end  1026  of the steps shown in  FIG. 12 .  
       FIG. 13  shows the hardware, generally indicated at  1030 , for providing the method steps shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12 . The hardware  1030  includes the embedded processor  302 , the non-embedded processor  320  and integrated controllers  1032 . A universal serial bus  1034  extends between the processor  302  and the integrated controllers  1032 .  
      A bus  1036  is connected between the embedded processor  302  and a read-only memory  1038  for the embedded processor operating system. Since the processor  302  is embedded, the read-only memory for the processor provides a permanent record of the programs to be operated by the processor. A read-only memory common application protocol (ROMCAP)  1040  is also provided for the embedded processor  302 . As previously described, the common application protocol  1040  provides information to the embedded processor  302  in accordance with the steps in the flow chart shown in  FIG. 11  and described above. This is represented by an arrow  1042 . A bus  1044  extends between the ROMCAP  1040  and an embedded random access memory (RAM)  1045 . The embedded RAM  1045  contains the new embedded extension form registry.  
      A bus  1046  extends between the non-embedded processor  320  and a hub for the graphic memory controller  321  shown in FIGS.  3 B-C. As indicated above, the non-embedded processor  320  provides display information to the display  307  in FIGS.  3 B-C by way of the memory and graphics controller  321 . As also indicated above and as shown in FIGS.  3 B-C, the embedded processor  302  and the non-embedded processor  320  may access the memory and storage module  385  via memory and graphics controller  321 .  
      A bus  1047  extends between the graphic memory and controller hub  321  and a random access memory (RAM)  1049 . The RAM  1049  provides volatile data which is erased when the non-embedded processor  320  is put to sleep. A bus  1048  also extends between the graphics memory and controller hub  321  and the integrated controller hub  1032 . The integrated controller hub  1032  may include several different controller hubs including the display controller  308  and the controller and I/O module  322  and a controller  1050  for a hard disk drive. A bus  1054  extends between the graphics memory and controller hub  321  and an SGB  1054 .  
     F. CONCLUSION  
      All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. The invention having been fully described and including the best mode known to the inventors, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many changes and modifications can be made thereto while remaining within the spirit or scope of the appended claims.