Patent Publication Number: US-2023156788-A1

Title: Methods and apparatuses for determing channel access for uplink transmissions

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Various example embodiments relate to methods and apparatuses for determining channel access for uplink transmissions. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In addition to dynamically scheduled and configured grant uplink (UL) transmissions, periodic or semi-persistent (P/SP) UL transmissions for information such as Scheduling Request (SR), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Channel State Information (CSI), and Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Acknowledge (HARQ-ACK) may also be supported in a communication system such as a New Radio (NR or 5G) system. 
     SUMMARY 
     In a first aspect, disclosed is a method including determining a duration of a gap between an uplink transmission of a first apparatus and a downlink transmission of a second apparatus before the uplink transmission and in a channel occupancy time of the second apparatus in a case where the uplink transmission falls within the channel occupancy time, and determining at least one of a channel access type and a cyclic prefix extension for the uplink transmission according to the duration of the gap. For example, the method may be performed in the first apparatus such as a mobile device or user equipment (UE), and the second apparatus may be a base station (e.g. gNB in NR system). 
     In some example embodiments, the method may further include receiving information for determining the duration of the gap, and the information may include a structure of the channel occupancy time. For example, the information for determining the duration of the gap may be carried on a group common physical downlink control channel (GC-PDCCH). 
     In some example embodiments, the method may further include receiving information for determining the duration of the gap, and the information may include one or more of channel access type for at least one uplink transmission, gap duration for the at least one uplink transmission, a slot format indicator, channel occupancy time duration indicator, and cyclic prefix extension length for the at least one uplink transmission. For example, the information for determining the duration of the gap may be carried on GC-PDCCH. 
     In some example embodiments, the channel access type may be a first type in a case where the duration of the gap is less than or equal to a first value and a duration of the uplink transmission is less than a second value. For example, the first type may be Type 2C, the first value may be about 16 μs, and the second value may be about 0.584 ms. 
     In some example embodiments, the channel access type may be a second type in a case where the duration of the gap is equal to a third value. For example, the second type may be Type 2B and the third value may be about 16 μs. 
     In some example embodiments, the channel access type may be a third type in a case where the duration of the gap is at least a fourth value. For example, the third type may be Type 2A and the fourth value may be about 25 μs. 
     In some example embodiments, the channel access type is a fourth type in a case where the uplink transmission falls outside of the channel occupancy time. For example, the fourth type may be Type 1. 
     In some example embodiments, the method may further include extending a cyclic prefix of the uplink transmission to reduce the duration of the gap in a case where the duration of the gap is more than a fifth value and less than a sum of the fifth value and a duration of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. For example, the fifth value may be about 16 μs. 
     In some example embodiments, the method may further include dropping the uplink transmission in a case where the duration of the gap is less than or equal to a sixth value and a duration of the uplink transmission is more than a seventh value. For example, the sixth value may be about 16 μs and the seventh value may be about 0.584 ms. 
     In some example embodiments, the method may further include receiving, for example via a radio resource control signaling, information on a configuration for time and frequency resources for the uplink transmission. 
     In some example embodiments, the uplink transmission may be a periodic or a semi-persistent uplink transmission. 
     In a second aspect, also disclosed is a method including transmitting information for determining a duration of a gap between an uplink transmission of a first apparatus and a downlink transmission of a second apparatus before the uplink transmission and in a channel occupancy time of the second apparatus in a case where the uplink transmission falls within the channel occupancy time, at least one of a channel access type and a cyclic prefix extension for the uplink transmission being determined based on the duration of the gap. For example, the method may be performed in the second apparatus such as a base station (e.g. gNB in NR system), and the first apparatus may be a UE. 
     In some example embodiments, the information may include a structure of the channel occupancy time. For example, the information may be transmitted via GC-PDCCH. 
     In some example embodiments, the information may include one or more of channel access type for at least one uplink transmission, gap duration for the at least one uplink transmission, a slot format indicator, channel occupancy time duration indicator, and cyclic prefix extension length for the at least one uplink transmission. For example, the information may be transmitted via GC-PDCCH. 
     In some example embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, for example via a radio resource control signaling, information on a configuration for time and frequency resources for the uplink transmission. 
     In some example embodiments, the uplink transmission may be a periodic or a semi-persistent uplink transmission. 
     In a third aspect, also disclosed is an apparatus including means for determining a duration of a gap between an uplink transmission of the apparatus and a downlink transmission of another apparatus before the uplink transmission and in a channel occupancy time of another apparatus in a case where the uplink transmission falls within the channel occupancy time, and means for determining at least one of a channel access type and a cyclic prefix extension for the uplink transmission according to the duration of the gap. For example, this apparatus may be at least a part of mobile device or UE, and the another apparatus may be at least a part of a base station. 
     In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for receiving information for determining the duration of the gap, the information including a structure of the channel occupancy time. For example, the information for determining the duration of the gap may be carried on GC-PDCCH. 
     In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for receiving information for determining the duration of the gap, where the information may include one or more of channel access type for at least one uplink transmission, gap duration for the at least one uplink transmission, a slot format indicator, channel occupancy time duration indicator, and cyclic prefix extension length for the at least one uplink transmission. For example, the information for determining the duration of the gap may be carried on the GC-PDCCH. 
     In some example embodiments, the channel access type may be a first type in a case where the duration of the gap is less than or equal to a first value and a duration of the uplink transmission is less than a second value. For example, the first type may be Type 2C, the first value may be about 16 μs, and the second value may be about 0.584 ms. 
     In some example embodiments, the channel access type may be a second type in a case where the duration of the gap is equal to a third value. For example, the second type may be Type 2B and the third value may be about 16 μs. 
     In some example embodiments, the channel access type may be a third type in a case where the duration of the gap is at least a fourth value. For example, the third type may be Type 2A and the fourth value may be about 25 μs. 
     In some example embodiments, the channel access type is a fourth type in a case where the uplink transmission falls outside of the channel occupancy time. For example, the fourth type may be Type 1. 
     In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for extending a cyclic prefix of the uplink transmission to reduce the duration of the gap in a case where the duration of the gap is more than a fifth value and less than a sum of the fifth value and a duration of an OFDM symbol. For example, the fifth value may be about 16 μs. 
     In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for dropping the uplink transmission in a case where the duration of the gap is less than or equal to a sixth value and a duration of the uplink transmission is more than a seventh value. For example, the sixth value may be about 16 μs and the seventh value may be about 0.584 ms. 
     In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for receiving, for example via a radio resource control signaling, information on a configuration for time and frequency resources for the uplink transmission. 
     In some example embodiments, the uplink transmission may be a periodic or a semi-persistent uplink transmission. 
     In a fourth aspect, also disclosed is an apparatus including means for transmitting information for determining a duration of a gap between a downlink transmission of the apparatus in a channel occupancy time of of the apparatus and an uplink transmission of another apparatus after the downlink transmission in a case where the uplink transmission falls within the channel occupancy time, at least one of a channel access type and a cyclic prefix extension for the uplink transmission being determined based on the duration of the gap. For example, this apparatus may be at least a part of a base station (e.g. gNB in NR system), and the another apparatus may be at least a part of a UE. 
     In some example embodiments, the information may include a structure of the channel occupancy time. For example, the information may be transmitted via GC-PDCCH. 
     In some example embodiments, the information may include one or more of channel access type for at least one uplink transmission, gap duration for the at least one uplink transmission, a slot format indicator, channel occupancy time duration indicator, and cyclic prefix extension length for the at least one uplink transmission. For example, the information may be transmitted via GC-PDCCH. 
     In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for transmitting, for example via a radio resource control signaling, information on a configuration for time and frequency resources for the uplink transmission. 
     In some example embodiments, the uplink transmission is a periodic or a semi-persistent uplink transmission. 
     In a fifth aspect, also disclosed is an apparatus including at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may include computer program code, and the at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform any method in the above first aspect. For example, this apparatus may correspond to the first apparatus in any method in the above first aspect, and may be at least a part of mobile device or UE. 
     In a sixth aspect, also disclosed is an apparatus including at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may include computer program code, and the at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform any method in the above second aspect. For example, this apparatus may correspond to the second apparatus in the any method in the above second aspect, and may be at least a part of a base station (e.g. gNB in NR system). 
     In a seventh aspect, also disclosed is a computer readable medium including program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least any method in the above first aspect. For example, this apparatus may correspond to the first apparatus in the any method in the above first aspect, and may be at least a part of a UE. 
     In an eighth aspect, also disclosed is a computer readable medium including program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least any method in the above second aspect. For example, this apparatus may correspond to the second apparatus in the any method in the above second aspect, and may be at least a part of a base station (e.g. gNB in NR system). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Some example embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG.  1    illustrates an example of determining the channel access type and cyclic prefix extension in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an example method in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates an example of signal sequence in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates an example of determining the channel access type in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates an example of determining of the channel access type and cyclic prefix extension in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates an example of processing an uplink transmission in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  7    illustrates an example of signal sequence in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates an example method in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  9    illustrates an example apparatus in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  10    illustrates an example apparatus in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  11    illustrates an example apparatus in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  12    illustrates an example apparatus in an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various types of channel access or Listen Before Talk (LBT) may be applied to transmissions in different cases. For example, the types of channel access or LBT supported in the 3GPP standards (for example, 3GPP TS37.213) may include Type 2C for an immediate transmission without LBT for up to a certain period (e.g. 584 μs), Type 2B for a single-shot LBT with a measurement duration (e.g. 16 μs), Type 2A for a single-shot LBT with another measurement duration (e.g. 25 μs), Type 1 for a LBT with exponential back-off, and so on. 
     For an UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of a UE, for example, the channel access type may be determined by the UE based on whether the UL transmission falls within a channel occupancy time (COT) of a base station (e.g. a gNB in the NR system). 
     In an example, the UE may receive information on a structure of the COT of the base station via GC-PDCCH, which may include indications such as slots for uplink transmissions in the COT, slots for downlink transmissions in the COT, durations of respective slots in the COT, and so on, for example as shown in  FIG.  1   . In addition, the UE may receive a configuration for its P/SP UL transmissions, which may be a part of Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration from the base station and may include information on the P/SP UL transmissions of the UE, such as periodicity, time-offset or slot-offset, various resources to be used, and so on. Then, the UE may determine whether an intended UL transmission of its P/SP UL transmissions falls within the COT according to the COT structure and information in the P/SP UL transmission configuration. For example, as shown in  FIG.  1   , Type 1 without cyclic prefix (CP) extension may be determined for the intended UL transmission  110  falling outside of the COT  100 , and Type 2A without CP extension may be determined for the intended UP transmission  120 ,  130 , or  140  falling within the COT  100 . 
     In another example, the UE may apply the channel access type and/or CP extension length within or outside of the COT according to the RRC configuration from the base station. For example, according to the RRC configuration, the UE may apply a specified channel access type for the intended UL transmissions within the COT and another specified channel access type for the intended UL transmissions outside of the COT, respectively. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates an example method  200  for determining at least one of the channel access type and CP extension for an intended UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of a UE in an embodiment, which, for example, may be performed in the UE. 
     As shown in  FIG.  2   , the example method  200  may include a step  210  of determining a duration of a gap between an UL transmission of a first apparatus (e.g. the UE or a part of the UE) and a downlink (DL) transmission of a second apparatus (e.g. the base station or a part of the base station) before the UL transmission in a COT of the second apparatus in a case where the UL transmission falls within the COT, and a step  220  of determining at least one of a channel access type and a CP extension for the UL transmission according to the duration of the gap. 
     Through the example method  200 , for example, the first apparatus may be allowed for making use of different types of channel access or LBT (i.e. switching among different types) when the intended UL transmission is within the COT, and a dynamic configuration of the CP extension may also be allowed, so that the P/SP UL transmissions of the UE may be adaptable dynamically for different use cases. Thus, for example, the UE may be enabled to use aggressive/efficient channel access scheme when transmitting P/SP UL signals. 
     Moreover, through the example method  200 , for example, some or all UEs may apply the substantially same channel access mechanism, so that Frequency Division Multiplexing of UL transmissions of different UEs may be simplified. Further, for example, the UE may select suitable channel access type and CP extension adaptively, so that additional Layer  1  control signalling may be avoided. 
     In some embodiments, the information used in the step  210  for determining the duration of the gap may include the structure of COT of the base station. For example, the UE may receive such information via GC-PDCCH. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the UE  310  (the first apparatus in the example method  200 ) may receive a configuration  330  for its P/SP UL transmissions from the base station  320  (the second apparatus in the example method  200 ). For example, the configuration  330  may be a part of RRC configuration from the base station  320 , and may include information such as the periodicity and time-offset (e.g. slot-offset) of the P/SP UL transmissions, as well as the time-, and/or frequency-, and/or code-domain resources to be used for the P/SP UL transmissions. The UE  310  may also detect GC-PUCCH  340  (for example, with Downlink Control Information Format 2_0) from the base station  320 , before or after or in parallel with the reception or process of the configuration  330 , so as to determine the structure of the COT of the base station  320 . 
     Then, for any intended UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of the UE  310 , for example, in the step  210  or an additional step of the example method  200 , or even before the execution of the example method  200 , the UE  310  may utilize the information derived from the configuration  330  and/or the structure of the COT derived from the information carried by the GC-PDCCH  340 , to determine (1) whether the intended UL transmission falls within the COT of the base station  320 , and (2) the position of the intended UL transmission with respect to a DL transmission e.g. the closest DL transmission preceding the intended UL transmission in the COT), that is, the duration of the gap between the intended UL transmission and the last DL transmission. 
     For example, based on the detected GC-PDCCH  340 , the UE  310  may determine the structure of COT  400  of the base station  320 , as shown in  FIG.  4   . Further, for example in connection with the configuration  330  (e.g., the periodicity and time-offset included in or derived from the configuration  330 ), the UE  310  may determine whether an intended UL transmission is within the COT  400 . For example, as shown in  FIG.  4   , it may be determined that the intended UL transmission  420 ,  430 , or  450  falls within the COT  400 , and the intended UL transmission  460  falls outside of the COT  400 . 
     Further, the UE  310  may determine the position of the intended UL transmission with respect to a DL transmission before the intended UL transmission, for example based on the structure of COT  400  and the configuration  330 . For example, for the intended UL transmission  420 , a duration of gap (or a gap duration, or a distance in time)  470  between the intended UL transmission  420  and the DL transmission  410 , for example from the end of the DL transmission  410  (e.g. the last DL transmission in the DL slot before the UL transmission  420 ) to the start of the intended UL transmission  420 , may be determined, where the DL transmission  410  in the DL slot may be adjacent to and before the UL slot including the intended UL transmission  420  and may be the closest DL transmission preceding the intended UL transmission  420 . Similarly, for the intended UL transmission  430 , a duration of gap  480  between the intended UL transmission  430  and the DL transmission  410  may be determined, and for the intended UL transmission  450 , a duration of gap  490  between the intended UL transmission  450  and the DL transmission  440  may be determined. 
     It is appreciated that the manner of determining whether the intended UL transmission falls within the COT and the duration gap for an intended UL transmission are not limited to the above examples. In various embodiments, any suitable manner and suitable information may be utilized to determine whether an intended UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of the UE falls in the base station initiated channel occupancy, and to determine the gap duration for any intended UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of the UE. More examples will be described hereafter. 
     As shown in  FIG.  4   , for different intended UL transmissions of the UE  310 , the determined gap durations may be different. Then, in the step  220  of the example method  200 , different types of channel access or LBT and/or different processes may be determined for an intended UL transmission based on different gap durations. 
     In some embodiments, for an UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of the UE, the channel access type may be determined as a first type (for example, Type 2C) in a case where the duration of the gap is less than or equal to a first value (for example, a value about 16 μs) and a duration of the UL transmission is less than a second value (for example, a value about 0.584 ms). For example, for the intended UL transmission  420  in  FIG.  4   , the determined gap duration  470  is less than or equal to 16 μs and the duration  425  of the intended UL transmission  420  is less than 0.584 ms. Then, the type of channel access or LBT for the intended UL transmission  420  may be determined as Type 2C. 
     In some embodiments, for an UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of the UE, the channel access type may be determined as a second type (for example, Type 2B) in a case where the duration of the gap is equal to a third value (for example, a value about 16 μs). For example, if the determined gap duration  490  for the intended UL transmission  450  in  FIG.  4    is equal to 16 μs, the UE  310  may use Type 2B UL channel access procedure (with 16 μs measurement) for the intended UL transmission  450 . 
     In some embodiments, for an UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of the UE, the channel access type may be determined as a third type (for example, Type 2A) in a case where the duration of the gap is at least a fourth value (for example, a value about 25 μs). For example, if the determined gap duration  480  for the intended UL transmission  430  in  FIG.  4    is at least 25 μs, the UE  310  may use Type 2A UL channel access procedure (with 25 μs measurement) for the intended UL transmission  430 . 
     In some embodiments, for an UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of the UE, the channel access type may be determined as a fourth type (for example, Type 1) in a case where the UL transmission falls outside of the COT. For example, for the intended UL transmission  460  outside of the COT  400  in  FIG.  4   , the UE  310  may use Type 1 UL channel access procedure. In this case, for example, CP extension may be not used prior to the intended UL transmission  460 . In another example, CP extension may be used prior to the intended UL transmission  460 . 
     In some embodiments, for an UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of the UE, the CP of the UL transmission may be extended to reduce the duration of the gap in a case where the duration of the gap is more than a fifth value (for example, a value about 16 μs) and less than a sum of the fifth value and a duration of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. Thus, the duration of the gap may be reduced effectively by the CP extension to be an expected length, for example 16 μs, so as to allow for the UE to switch the channel access type for the UL transmission from the above third type to the above first type or the above second type. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  5   , the UE  310  determines that the gap duration  530  between an intended UL transmission  520  within the COT  400  and a DL transmission  510  before the intended UL transmission  520  in the COT  400  is in a range from 16 μs to 25 μs. Then, the UE  310  may prolong its CP with the part  540 , so that the new gap duration  550  between the extended UL transmission (including the parts  520  and  540 ) and the DL transmission  510  may be reduced to 16 μs or less. Further, for example, the UE  310  may use the above first type (e.g. Type 2C) if the gap duration  550  is less than or equal to 16 μs and the duration of the extended UL transmission (including the parts  520  and  540 ) is less than 0.584 ms; or, for example, the UE  310  may use the above second type (e.g. Type 2B) if the gap duration  550  is equal to 16 μs. 
     Similarly, if the gap duration  530  is larger than 25 μs, the UE  310  may prolong its CP with the part  540 , so that the new gap duration  550  between the extended UL transmission (including the parts  520  and  540 ) and the DL transmission  510  may be reduced to 25 μs, or to 16 μs or less. Then, the UE  310  may use one of the above first type (e.g. Type 2C), the second type (e.g. Type 2B), and the third type (e.g. Type 2A), depending on the new gap duration  550  and the duration of the extended UL transmission (including the parts  520  and  540 ). 
     In some embodiments, for an UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of the UE, the UL transmission may be dropped in a case where the duration of the gap is less than or equal to a sixth value (for example, a value about 16 μs) and a duration of the UL transmission is more than a seventh value (for example, a value about 0.584 ms). 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  6   , the UE  310  determines that the gap duration  630  between an intended UL transmission  620  within the COT  400  and a DL transmission  610  before the intended UL transmission  620  in the COT  400  is less than or equal to 16 μs, and the duration  640  of the intended UL transmission  620  is more than 0.584 ms. Then, the UE  310  may drop the UL transmission  620 . 
     As described above with several illustrated but not limited examples, through the example method  200 , for example, the UE can make use of different types of channel access or LBT (i.e. switching among different types) when the intended UL transmission is within the COT, and a dynamic configuration of the CP extension may also be allowed, so that the P/SP UL transmissions of the UE may be adaptable dynamically for different use cases. Thus, for example, the UE may be enabled to use aggressive/efficient channel access scheme when transmitting P/SP UL signals. Moreover, through the example method  200 , for example, some or all UEs may apply the substantially same channel access mechanism, so that Frequency Division Multiplexing of UL transmissions of different UEs may be simplified. Further, through the example method  200 , the UE may select suitable channel access type and CP extension adaptively, so that additional Layer  1  control signalling may be avoided. 
     It is appreciated that, considering tolerances, various values mentioned above such as the above first value and second value may be a value in a value range based on a reference value (e.g. 16 μs, or 25 μs, or 0.584 ms). For example, “being less than or equal to 16 μs” may also mean “being less than or equal to a value in a value range including 16 μs and considering tolerances or predetermined thresholds/parameters”, and “a value about 16 μs” may mean for example 16 μs, or a value about 16 μs such as 15.985 μs and 16.101 μs, or other reasonable value in a value range including 16 μs and considering tolerances or predetermined threshold/parameters. 
     It is also appreciated that the example method  200  is not limited to any of the above examples or embodiments. For example, the example method may further include receiving, for example via a RRC signaling, information on a configuration for time and frequency resources for the uplink transmission, for example as shown in  FIG.  3   . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  7   , in addition to or in lieu of the configuration  330  and information  340  on the structure COT as shown in  FIG.  3   , the UE  310  may receive, from the base station  320 , information  710  for determining the duration of the gap. In various embodiments, the information  710  may include, but is not limited to, one or more of channel access type for at least one uplink transmission, gap duration for the at least one uplink transmission, a slot format indicator, channel occupancy time duration indicator, cyclic prefix extension length for the at least one uplink transmission, and so on, for any one or more of the intended UL transmissions of the P/SP UL transmissions of the UE  310 . In various embodiments, such information  710  may be carried via GC-PDCCH, or other one or more suitable channels or signals, and in any suitable format. 
     For example, for the intended UL transmissions  420 ,  430 , and  450  as shown in  FIG.  4   , the UE  310  may receive information on the channel access type for the UL transmission  420 , the channel access type for the UL transmission  430 , the gap duration  490  for the UL transmission  450 , the length of the CP extension to be applied to the UL transmission  430 , and the length of the CP extension to be applied to the UL transmission  490 , and the like. Then, for example, the UE  310  may determine the channel access types for the UL transmissions  420  and  430  directly from the information  710 , and may obtain the gap duration  490  for the UL transmission  450  from the information  710  and then determine the channel access types for the UL transmissions  490  based on the obtained gap duration  490 , and the like. 
     Thus, for example, the UE may determine the channel access type or LBT type by parsing the received information, or the determination of the duration gap or CP extension for an intended UL transmission may be simplified. For example, it may be useful to include gap duration for one or more intended UL transmissions (e.g. between the last DL transmission of the ongoing DL burst in a COT and the intended UL transmission) may be useful, for example, in a case where the base station fills part of the gap using a partial OFDM symbol transmission to create a gap of a specific duration. 
     It is appreciated that any of the above examples or embodiments may be combined. For example, for a first intended UL transmission and a second intended UL transmission, the UE may detect GC-PDCCH to determine the structure of COT and then determine the duration gap and in turn at least one of the channel access type/LBT type and CP extension, similarly to the procedure as shown in  FIG.  3   , while receiving information including a channel access type for a third UL transmission and a gap duration for a fourth UL transmission, and then determining the duration gap and in turn at least one of the channel access type/LBT type and CP extension for the third UL transmission and the fourth UL transmission, and the like. 
     Corresponding to the example method  200 ,  FIG.  8    illustrates an example method  800  which may be performed in the base station, for example the base station  320  in  FIG.  3  or  7   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  8   , the example method  800  may include a step of  810  of transmitting information for determining a duration of a gap between an UL transmission of the first apparatus (e.g. the above UE  310  or a part of the above UE  310 ) and a DL transmission of the second apparatus (e.g. the above base station  320  or a part of the above base station  320 ) before the UL transmission in a COT of the second apparatus in a case where the UL transmission falls within the COT, i.e. the gap duration in the step  210  of the example method  200 . Then, at least one of a channel access type and a cyclic prefix extension for the UL transmission may be determined based on the duration of the gap. 
     In some embodiments, for example as shown in  FIG.  3   , the information transmitted in the step  810  may include the structure of the COT of the base station. In some embodiments, for example as shown in  FIG.  7   , the information transmitted in the step  810  may include one or more of channel access type for at least one uplink transmission, gap duration for the at least one uplink transmission, a slot format indicator, channel occupancy time duration indicator, and cyclic prefix extension length for the at least one uplink transmission. In various embodiments, in the step  810 , the information may be transmitted via GC-PDCCH or any other one or more suitable channels or signals. Further, the information transmitted in the step  810  or a further step of the example  800  may include, for example, information on a configuration for time and frequency resources for the uplink transmission via a RRC signaling. 
       FIG.  9    illustrates an example apparatus  900  for determining at least one of the channel access type and CP extension for an intended UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of a UE in an embodiment, which, for example, may be at least a part of the UE (e.g. the UE  310  in  FIG.  3  or  7   ). 
     As shown in  FIG.  9   , the example apparatus  900  may include at least one processor  910  and at least one memory  920  that may include computer program code  930 . The at least one memory  920  and the computer program code  930  may be configured to, with the at least one processor  910 , cause the apparatus  900  at least to perform at least the example method  200  described above, wherein, for example, the apparatus  900  may be the first apparatus in the example method  200 . 
     In various example embodiments, the at least one processor  910  in the example apparatus  900  may include, but not limited to, at least one hardware processor, including at least one microprocessor such as a central processing unit (CPU), a portion of at least one hardware processor, and any other suitable dedicated processor such as those developed based on for example Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Further, the at least one processor  910  may also include at least one other circuitry or element not shown in  FIG.  9   . 
     In various example embodiments, the at least one memory  920  in the example apparatus  900  may include at least one storage medium in various forms, such as a volatile memory and/or a non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a random-access memory (RAM), a cache, and so on. The non-volatile memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a read only memory (ROM), a hard disk, a flash memory, and so on. Further, the at least memory  920  may include, but are not limited to, an electric, a magnetic, an optical, an electromagnetic, an infrared, or a semiconductor system, apparatus, or device or any combination of the above. 
     Further, in various example embodiments, the example apparatus  900  may also include at least one other circuitry, element, and interface, for example at least one I/O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like. 
     In various example embodiments, the circuitries, parts, elements, and interfaces in the example apparatus  900 , including the at least one processor  910  and the at least one memory  920 , may be coupled together via any suitable connections including, but not limited to, buses, crossbars, wiring and/or wireless lines, in any suitable ways, for example electrically, magnetically, optically, electromagnetically, and the like. 
     The structure of the apparatus on the side of the UE  310  is not limited to the above example apparatus  900 .  FIG.  10    illustrates another example apparatus  1000  for determining at least one of the channel access type and CP extension for an intended UL transmission of P/SP UL transmissions of a UE in an embodiment, which, for example, may be at least a part of the UE (e.g. the UE  310  in  FIG.  3  or  7   ). 
     As shown in  FIG.  10   , the example apparatus  1000  may include means  1010  for performing the step  210  of the example method  200  and means  1020  for performing the step  220  of the example method  200 . In one or more another example embodiments, at least one I/O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like may also be included in the example apparatus  1000 . For example, the example apparatus  1000  may be the first apparatus in the example method  200 . 
     In some example embodiments, examples of means  1010  and  1020  may include circuitries. For example, an example of means  1010  may include a circuitry configured to perform the step  210  of the example method  200 , and an example of means  1020  may include a circuitry configured to perform the step  220  of the example method  200 . In some example embodiments, examples of means may also include software modules and any other suitable function entities. 
     In some embodiments, the example apparatus  1000  may further include one or more additional means for receiving the above information for determining the duration of the gap, for extending a cyclic prefix of the uplink transmission in some case, and/or for dropping the uplink transmission in some case. 
     The term “circuitry” throughout this disclosure may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry); (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) (i) a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuit(s) with software/firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions); and (c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. This definition of circuitry applies to one or all uses of this term in this disclosure, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this disclosure, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device. 
       FIG.  11    illustrates an example apparatus  1100  which, for example, may be at least a part of the base station, for example the base station  320  in  FIG.  3  or  7   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  11   , the example apparatus  1100  may include at least one processor  1110  and at least one memory  1120  that may include computer program code  1130 . The at least one memory  1120  and the computer program code  1130  may be configured to, with the at least one processor  1110 , cause the apparatus  1100  at least to perform at least the example method  800  described above. For example, the apparatus  1100  may be the second apparatus in the example method  800 . 
     In various example embodiments, the at least one processor  1110  in the example apparatus  1100  may include, but not limited to, at least one hardware processor, including at least one microprocessor such as a CPU, a portion of at least one hardware processor, and any other suitable dedicated processor such as those developed based on for example FPGA and ASIC. Further, the at least one processor  1110  may also include at least one other circuitry or element not shown in  FIG.  11   . 
     In various example embodiments, the at least one memory  1120  in the example apparatus  1100  may include at least one storage medium in various forms, such as a volatile memory and/or a non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a RAM, a cache, and so on. The non-volatile memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a ROM, a hard disk, a flash memory, and so on. Further, the at least memory  1120  may include, but are not limited to, an electric, a magnetic, an optical, an electromagnetic, an infrared, or a semiconductor system, apparatus, or device or any combination of the above. 
     Further, in various example embodiments, the example apparatus  1100  may also include at least one other circuitry, element, and interface, for example at least one I/O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like. 
     In various example embodiments, the circuitries, parts, elements, and interfaces in the example apparatus  1100 , including the at least one processor  1110  and the at least one memory  1120 , may be coupled together via any suitable connections including, but not limited to, buses, crossbars, wiring and/or wireless lines, in any suitable ways, for example electrically, magnetically, optically, electromagnetically, and the like. 
       FIG.  12    illustrates another example apparatus  1200  which, for example, may be at least a part of the base station, for example the base station  320  in  FIG.  3  or  7   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  12   , the example apparatus  1200  may include means  1210  for performing the step  810  of the example method  800 . In one or more another example embodiments, the example apparatus  1100  may further include at least one I/O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like. For example, the example apparatus may be the second apparatus in the example method  800 . 
     In various example embodiments, examples of means  1210  may include circuitries. For example, an example of means  1210  may include a circuitry configured to perform the step  810  of the example method  800 . In some example embodiments, examples of means may also include software modules and any other suitable function entities. 
     Another example embodiment may relate to computer program codes or instructions which may cause an apparatus to perform at least respective methods described above, such as computer program codes or instructions causing a UE to perform at least the above example method  200 , and computer program codes or instructions causing a base station to perform at least the above example method  800 . 
     Another example embodiment may be related to a computer readable medium having such computer program codes or instructions stored thereon. In various example embodiments, such a computer readable medium may include at least one storage medium in various forms such as a volatile memory and/or a non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a RAM, a cache, and so on. The non-volatile memory may include, but not limited to, a ROM, a hard disk, a flash memory, and so on. 
     Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” The word “coupled”, as generally used herein, refers to two or more elements that may be either directly connected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements. Likewise, the word “connected”, as generally used herein, refers to two or more elements that may be either directly connected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, words in the description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word “or” in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list. 
     Moreover, conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” “for example,” “such as” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. 
     While some example embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the apparatus, methods, and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. For example, while blocks are presented in a given arrangement, alternative embodiments may perform similar functionalities with different components and/or circuit topologies, and some blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified. At least one of these blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. The order of these blocks may also be changed. Any suitable combination of the elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosure.