Patent Publication Number: US-2023133182-A1

Title: Terminal, radio communication method, and base station

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a radio communication method, and a base station in next-generation mobile communication systems. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, the specifications of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) have been drafted for the purpose of further increasing high speed data rates, providing lower latency and so on (see Non-Patent Literature 1). In addition, for the purpose of further high capacity, advancement and the like of the LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8 and Rel. 9), the specifications of LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10 to Rel. 14) have been drafted. 
     Successor systems of LTE (for example, also referred to as “5th generation mobile communication system (5G),” “5G+ (plus),” “6th generation mobile communication system. (60),” “New Radio (NR),” “3GPP Rel. 15 (or later versions),” and so on) are also under study. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Non-Patent Literature 
     Non-Patent Literature 1: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8),” April, 2010 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     For future radio communication systems (for example, NR), a study is underway that a user terminal (terminal, User Equipment (UE)) controls transmission/reception processing based on information related to Quasi-Co-Location (QCL). 
     A study is also underway to use a plurality of transmission/reception points (TRPs) to transmit a downlink signal. 
     However, in a case that a plurality of transmission/reception points (TRPs) are used to transmit a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), QCL parameters applied to the CSI-RS may not be clear in some cases. If the QCL parameters are not appropriately determined, system performance reduction such as throughput reduction may be caused. 
     Thus, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a radio communication method, and a base station capable of appropriately determining QCL parameters. 
     Solution to Problem 
     A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving section that receives a physical downlink control channel for triggering an aperiodic channel state information reference signal (A-CSI-RS), and a control section that, in a case that two different values of a control resource set (CORESET) pool index are configured and a time offset between the physical downlink control channel and the A-CSI-RS is smaller than a threshold, applies, to the A-CSI-RS, QCL assumption used for quasi-co-location (QCL) indication of a CORESET among a plurality of CORESETs, the CORESET being associated with a monitored search space and having the lowest CORESET ID. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the QCL parameters can be appropriately determined. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a diagram to show an example of a multi-TRP scenario; 
         FIG.  2    is a diagram to show an example of a determination operation in QCL assumption of an A-CST-RS; 
         FIG.  3    is a diagram to show an example of a schematic structure of a radio communication system according to one embodiment; 
         FIG.  4    is a diagram to show an example of a structure of a base station according to one embodiment; 
         FIG.  5    is a diagram to show an example of a structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment; and 
         FIG.  6    is a diagram to show an example of a hardware structure of the base station and the user terminal according to one embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Multi-TRP 
     For NR, a study is underway that one or a plurality of transmission/reception points (TRPs) (multi-TRP (MTRP)) use one or a plurality of panels (multi-panel) to perform DL transmission to the UE. A study is underway that the UE uses one or a plurality of panels to perform UL transmission to one or the plurality or TRPs. 
     Note that the plurality of TRPs may correspond to the same cell identifier (cell ID), or different cell IDs. The cell ID may be a physical cell ID, or a virtual cell ID. 
       FIG.  1    is a diagram to show an example of a multi-TRP scenario. In these examples, assume that each TRP and a UE can use two different beams, without limitation. 
     The multi-TRP (TRP # 1 , TRP # 2 ) may be connected by an ideal/non-ideal backhaul to communicate information, data, or the like. From the respective TRPs of the multi-TRP, different codewords (code words, CW) and different layers may be transmitted. A non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT) may be used as one form of multi-TRP transmission. 
     In the NCJT, for example, TRP # 1  performs modulation mapping and layer mapping on a first codeword, and uses a first precoding and a first number of layers (for example, two layers) to transmit a first PDSCH. TRP # 2  performs modulation mapping and layer mapping on a second codeword, and use a second precoding and a second number of layers (for example, two layers) to transmit a second PDSCH. 
     Note that a plurality of PDSCHs (multi-PDSCH) on which NCJT is performed may be defined to partially or entirely overlap in at least one of time and frequency domains. In other words, the first PDSCH from a first TRP and the second PDSCH from a second TRP may overlap each other in at least one of the time and frequency resources. 
     These first and second PDSCHs may be assumed to be not in a quasi-co-location (QCL) relation (or to be not quasi-co-located) with each other. A reception of the multi-PDSCH may be interpreted as simultaneous reception of PDSCH of a type other than a certain QCL type (for example, QCL type D). 
     A plurality of PDSCHs (also referred to as multi-PDSCH (multiple PDSCH)) from the multi-TRP may be scheduled by using one Piece of DCI (single DCI, single PDCCH) (single master mode). A plurality of PDSCHs from the multi-TRP may be scheduled respectively by using a plurality of pieces of DCI (multi-DCI, multi-PDCCH (multiple PDCCH)) (multi-master mode). 
     Such a multi-TRP scenario achieves a more flexible transmission control using a good quality channel. 
     To support multi-PDCCH based multi-TRP transmission with intra-cell (having the same cell ID) and inter-cell (having different cell IDs), one control resource set (CORESET) in PDCCH configuration information (PDCCH-Config) may correspond to one TRP in RRC configuration information for linking multiple PDCCH and PDSCH pairs with multi-TRP. 
     In NR Rel. 15, the maximum number of CORESETs per PDCCH configuration information is three. In a multi-PDCCH based multi-TRP operation, the maximum number of CORESETs per PDCCH configuration information or BWP may be increased to five depending on UK capability. 
     (CSI Report or Reporting) 
     In Rel-15 NR, a terminal (also referred to as a user terminal, a User Equipment (UE), or the like) generates (or determines, calculates, estimates, measures, and so on) channel state information (CSI) based on a reference signal (RS) (or a resource for the RS), and transmits (or reports, feeds back and so on) the generated CSI to a network (for example, a base station). The CSI may be transmitted to the base station by use of, for example, an uplink control channel (for example, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)) or an uplink shared channel (for example, Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)). 
     The RS used to generate the CSI may be at least one of, for example, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a synchronization signal/broadcast channel (Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel (SS/PBCH)) block, a synchronization signal (SS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and the like. 
     The CSI-RS may include at least one of a non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS and a CSI-Interference Management (CSI-IM). The SS/PBCH block is a block including an SS and a PBCH (and a corresponding DMRS) and may be referred to as SS block (SSB) and the like. The SS may include at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). 
     The CSI may include at least one parameter (CSI parameter) such as a channel quality indicator (CQI), a preceding matrix indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), an SS/PBCH Mock resource indicator (SSBRI), a layer indicator (LI), a rank indicator (RI), an L1-RSRP (reference signal received power in layer 1, Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power)), an L1-RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), an L1-SINR (Signal-to-Noise and Interference Ratio or Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), and an L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio). 
     The UE may receive information related to the CSI report (report configuration information) to control the CSI report based on the report configuration information. The report configuration information may be, for example, a radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) “CSI-ReportConfig”. Note that in the present disclosure, the RRC IE may be expressed as an RRC parameter, a higher layer parameter, or the like. 
     The report configuration information (for example, an RRC IE “CSI-ReportConfig”) may include, for example, at least one of the followings.
         Information related to a CSI reporting type (report type information, for example, an RRC IE “reportConfigType”)   Information related to one or more quantities of the CSI to be reported (one or more CSI parameters) (report quantity information, for example, an RRC IE “reportQuantity”).   Information related to a resource for RS used to generate the quantity (the CSI parameter) (resource information, for example, an RRC IF “CSI-ResourceConfigId”)   Information related to a frequency domain of which the CSI is to be reported (frequency domain information, for example, an RRC IF “reportFreqConfiguration”)       

     For example, the report type information may indicate a periodic CSI (P-CSI) report, an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) report, or a semi-persistent (semi-continuous) CSI report (SP-CSI) report. 
     The report quantity information may specify at least one combination of the CSI parameters described above (for example, CRI, RT, PMI, CQI, LI, L1-RSRP, and the like). 
     The resource information may be an ID of the resource for RS. The resource for RS may include, for example, a non-zero power CSI-RS resource or an SSB, and a CSI-IM resource (for example, zero power CSI-RS resource). 
     The frequency domain information may indicate a frequency granularity for the CSI report. The frequency granularity may include, for example, a wideband and a subband. The wideband refers to an entire CSI reporting band. The wideband may be, for example, an entire certain carrier (component carrier (CC), a cell, a serving cell), or an entire bandwidth part (BWP) in a certain carrier. The wideband may expressed as a CSI reporting band, an entire CSI reporting band, or the like. 
     (Default TCI State for PDSCH) 
     In an RRC connected mode, in both a case that TCI present-in DCI information (a higher layer parameter “TCI-PresentInDCI”) is set as “enabled” and a case that the TCI present-in DCI information is not configured, in a case that a time offset between reception of the DL DCI (the DCI scheduling the PDSCH) and a corresponding PDSCH (a PDSCH scheduled by the DCI) is smaller than a threshold (timeDurationForQCL) (application condition, first condition), and that non cross-carrier scheduling is used, the TCI state for the PDSCH (default TCI state) may be the TCI state having the lowest CORESET ID in the most recent slot in the active DL BWP of a CC thereof. Not in the above case (in a case of cross-carrier scheduling), the TCI state for the PDSCH (default TCI state) may be the TCI state having the lowest TCI state ID of the PDSCH in the active DL BWP of the scheduled CC. 
     On the other hand, in a case that, in the multi-TRIP, a time (scheduling offset, time offset) from the DCI (PDCCH) triggering an aperiodic CST-RS (A-CSI-RS) to a configured/indicated. A-CSI-RS resource is not sufficient (is equal to or smaller than a threshold), how to determine the TCI state applied to the A-CSI-RS is not clear. 
     If the determination method of the TCI state is not clear, CSI measurement may not be appropriately performed to cause the system performance reduction such as the throughput reduction or communication quality reduction. 
     As such, the inventors of the present invention came up with the idea of the determination method of the TCI state for the A-SI-RS in a case that the UE not sufficient in the scheduling offset for the A-CSI-RS is not provided with an RLM-RS (in a case that the UE not explicitly configured with the RLM-RS through RRC signaling). 
     In the present disclosure, “A/B” and “at least one of A and B” may be interchangeably interpreted. 
     In the present disclosure, a panel, an Uplink (UL) transmission entity, a TRP, a spatial relation, a control resource set (CORESET), a PDSCH, a codeword, a base station, an antenna Port of a signal (for example, demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port), an antenna port group of a signal (for example, DMRS port group), a group for multiplexing (for example, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group), a CORESET pool, a CW, a redundancy version (RV), and a layer (MIMO layer, transmission layer, spatial layer) may be interchangeably interpreted. A panel Identifier (ID) and a panel may be interchangeably interpreted. In the present disclosure, a TRP ID and a IRP may be interchangeably interpreted. 
     In the present disclosure, an index, an ID, an indicator, a resource ID, and the like may be interchangeably interpreted. 
     In the present disclosure, a cell, a CC, a carrier, a BWP, an active DL BWP, an active UL BWP, and a band may be interchangeably interpreted. In the present disclosure, an RRC parameter, a higher layer parameter, an RRC information element (IE), and an RRC message may be interchangeably interpreted. 
     In the present disclosure, lowest, highest, minimum, a maximum may be interchangeably interpreted. In the present disclosure, shortest, longest, minimum, and maximum may be interchangeably interpreted. 
     In the present disclosure, a beam, a TCI state, a QCL assumption, a QCL parameter, spatial domain reception filter, a UE spatial domain reception filter, a UE receive beam, a DL receive beam, a DL precoding, a DL precoder, a DL-RS, a QCL type D RS in a TCI state or QCL assumption, and a QCL type A RS in a TCI state or QCL assumption, may be interchangeably interpreted. In the present disclosure, a QCL type X-RS, a DL-RS associated with a QCL type X, a DL-RS having a QCL type X, a source of a DL-RS, an SSB, and a CSI-RS may be interchangeably interpreted. 
     (Radio Communication Method) 
     In the present disclosure, the UE configured with a plurality of TRPs may determine at least one of a TRP corresponding to the DCI, a TRP corresponding to a PDSCH or UL transmission (PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, or the like) scheduled by the DCI, and the like, based on at least one of the following items.
         A value of a certain field included in the DCI (for example, a field specifying the TRP, an antenna port field, PRI).   A DMRS corresponding to a scheduled PDSCH/PUSCH (for example, a sequence, resource, CDM group, DMRS port, DMRS port group, and antenna port group for the DMRS, or the like).   A DMRS corresponding to a PDCCH on which the DCI is transmitted (for example, a sequence, resource, CDM group, DMRS port, and DMRS port group for the DMRS, or the like).   A CORESET receiving the DCI (for example, a CORESET pool ID of the CORESET, an ID of the CORESET, a scramble ID (that may be interpreted as a sequence ID), a resource, or the like).   An RS used for a TCI state, a QCL assumption, spatial relation information, or the like (an RS related group, or the like).       

     In the present disclosure, the single PDCCH (DCI) may be referred to as the PDCCH (DCI) of a first scheduling type (for example, a scheduling type A (or type 1)). The multi-PDCCH (DCI) may be referred to as the PDCCH (DCI) of a second scheduling type (for example, a scheduling type B (or type 2)). 
     In the present disclosure, the single PDCCH may be assumed to be supported in a case that an ideal backhaul is used by the multi-TRP. The multi-PDCCH may be assumed to be supported in a case that a non-ideal backhaul is used between the multi-TRP. 
     Note that the ideal backhaul may be referred to as DMRS port group type 1, reference signal related group type 1, antenna port group type 1, CORESET pool type 1, or the like. The non-ideal backhaul may be referred to as DMRS port group type 2, reference signal related group type 2, antenna port group type 2, CORESET pool type 2, or the like. The names are not limited to those above. 
     Embodiment 1 
     A rule similar to that for the default TCI state for the PDSCH may be applied to the default TCI state for the aperiodic CSI-RS (A-CSI-RS). 
     In a case that a condition A-1 and a condition A-2 below are satisfied for a PDSCH, the UE may follow a procedure A-1 below. 
     {{Condition A-1}} 
     The UE is configured by a PDCCH configuration (for example, a higher layer parameter “PDCCH-Config”) containing two different values of a CORESET pool index (for example, CORESETPoolIndex) in the CORESET information (for example, ControlResourceSet). 
     {{Condition A-2}} 
     In an RRC connected mode, in both a case that the TCI present-in DCI information is set as “enabled” and a case that the TCI present-in DCI information is not configured, an offset between reception of the DL DCI and a PDSCH corresponding thereto is smaller than a threshold. 
     {{Procedure A-1}} 
     The SE expects that the DMRS port of the PDSCH associated with the value of the CORESET pool index in the serving cell is QCLed with the RS with respect to the QCL parameter used for PDCCH quasi-co-location indication of the CORESET, among a plurality of CORESETs, that is associated with the monitored search space and has the lowest CORESET ID. Here, the plurality of CORESETs is configured with a value the same as the CORESET pool index of the PDCCH scheduling the PDSCH in the latest slot in which one or more CORESETs axe associated with values the same as the CORESET pool index of PDCCH scheduling the POOCH in the active BWP in the serving cell. 
     For the A-CSI-RS, the UE may follow procedures 1 and 2 below. This operation may be applied to a case that the triggering PDCCH (DCI) and the A-CST-RE have same numerology. 
     {Procedure 1} 
     If a condition 1-1 below is satisfied, the UE may follow procedures 1-1 and 1-2 below. 
     {{Condition 1-1}} 
     Concerning a scheduling offset between the last symbol of the PDCCH carrying triggering DCI (the DCI triggering the A-CSI-RS) and an initial symbol of the A-CSI-RS in a non-zero power CSI-RS (NZP-CSI-RS) resource set (NZP-CSI-RSResourceSet) configured without the TRS information (a higher layer parameter “trs-info” , in a case that a beam switching timing threshold (beamSwitchTiming) reported by the UE is one of {14, 28, 48}, the scheduling offset is smaller than the reported threshold, or in a case that the reported threshold is one of {224, 336}, the scheduling offset is smaller than 48. 
     {{Procedure 1-1}} 
     If there is any other DL signal with an indicated TCI state in the same symbols as the CSI-RS, the UE applies the QCL assumption of the DL signal also in a case of receiving the A-CSI-RS. The other DL signal refers to a PDSCH with an offset equal to or larger than a time threshold for QCL (timeDurationForQCL), the A-CSI-RS scheduled with a offset equal to or larger than the beam switching timing threshold in the case that the beam switching timing threshold reported by the LIE is one of { 14 ,  28 ,  48 }, the A-CSI-RS scheduled with an offset equal to or larger than 48 in the case that the beam switching timing threshold reported by the UK is one of {224, 336}, a periodic CSI-RS (P-CSI-RS), and a semi-persistent CSI-RS (SP-CSI-RS). 
     {{Procedure 1-2}} 
     In not the above case, the UE, in a case of receiving the A-CSI-RS, applies the QCL assumption used for the CORESET associated with a monitored search space with the lowest CORESET ID (the lowest controlResourceSetId) in the last slot in which one or more CORESETs within the active BWP in the serving cell are monitored. 
     {Procedure 2} 
     If a condition 2-1 and a condition 2-2 below are satisfied, the UE may follow a procedure 2-1 below. 
     {{Condition 2-1}} 
     The UE is configured by a PDCCH configuration (a higher layer parameter “PDCCH-Config”) containing two different values of a CORESET pool index (CORESETPoolIndex) in the CORESET information (ControlResourceSet). 
     {{Condition 2-2}} 
     Concerning a scheduling offset between the last symbol of the PDCCH carrying the triggering DCI and an initial symbol of the A-CSI-RS in a NZP-CSI-RS resource set (NZP-CSI-RSResourceSet) configured without the TRS information (a higher layer parameter “trs-info”), in a case that a beam switching timing threshold (beamSwitchTiming) reported by the UE is one of {14, 28, 48}, the scheduling offset is smaller than the reported threshold, or in a case that the reported threshold is one of {224, 336}, the scheduling offset is smaller than 48. 
     {{Procedure 2-1}} 
     The UE, in a case of receiving the A-CSI-RS, apples the QCL assumption used for the quasi-co-location (QCL) indication of the CORESET, among a plurality of CORESETs, associated with a monitored search space with the lowest CORESET ID (controlResourceSetId). Here, the plurality of CORESETs are CORESETs each of which is configured with a same CORESET pool index value as the PDCCH scheduling the A-CSI-RS in the last slot in which one or more CORESETs associated with the same CORESET pool index value as the PDCCH scheduling the A-CSI-RS in the active BWP in the serving cell is monitored. 
     {Procedure 3} 
     If a condition 3-1 below is satisfied, the UE may follow a procedure 3-1 below. 
     {{Condition 3-1}} 
     Concerning a scheduling offset between the last symbol of the PDCCH carrying the triggering DCI and an initial symbol of the A-CSI-RS in a NLP-CSI-RS resource set configured without the TRS information, in a case that a beam switching timing threshold reported by the UE is one of {14, 28, 48}, the scheduling offset is equal to or larger than the reported threshold, or in a case that the reported threshold is one of {224, 336}, the scheduling offset is equal to or larger than 48. 
     {{Procedure 3-1}} 
     The ICE is expected to apply the QCL assumption in an indicated TCI state for the A-CSI-RS resource in a CSI triggering state indicated by a CSI trigger field in the DCI. 
     Two different values of the CORESET pool index may be 0 and 1, or other values. 
     In the present disclosure, PDCCH configuration (PDCCH-Config) and a CORESET list (controlResourceSetToAddModList) may be interchangeably interpreted. 
     In the present disclosure, a scheduling offset and a time offset may be interchangeably interpreted. A definition of the scheduling offset may be different from the definition described above. The scheduling offset may be a time offset based on the PDCCH carrying the triggering DCI and the A-CST-RS. For example, the last symbol of the PDCCH may be interpreted as the initial symbol of the PDCCH. 
     A definition of a plurality of CORESETs may be different from the definition described above. For example, the plurality of CORESETs may be CORESETs configured with a CORESET pool index value the same as the PDCCH scheduling the A-CSI-RS. 
     In a case that the beam switching timing threshold reported by the UE is in a range (or equal to or smaller than a particular value, for example, {14, 28, 48}, equal to or smaller than 48), the threshold may be the beam switching timing threshold, or in a case that the beam switching timing threshold is out of the range, the threshold is may be a fixed value (or a value specified in specification, a particular value, for example, 48). 
       FIG.  2    is a diagram to show an example of a determination operation in the QCL assumption of the A-CSI-RS. 
     In a case that a scheduling offset for the A-CSI-RS is smaller than a threshold (S 10 : Y), and two different values of the CORESET pool index are not configured (S 20 : N), the UE may follow the procedures 1-1 and 1-2 (S 30 ). In a case that a scheduling offset for the A-CSI-RS is smaller than the threshold (S 10 : Y), and two different values of the CORESET pool index are configured (S 20 : Y), the UE may follow the procedure 2-1 (S 40 ). In a case that a scheduling offset for the A-CSI-RS is equal to or larger than the threshold (S 10 : N), the UE may follow the procedure 3-1 (S 50 ). The threshold may be the beam switching timing threshold reported by the UE, or a value defined in the specification (for example, 48). 
     According to Embodiment 1 described above, the UE can appropriately determine the default TCI state for the A-CSI-RS even in the case of being configured with the CORESET pool index. The UE can appropriately determine the default TCI state for the A-CSI-RS even in the case of not configured with the CORESET pool index to ensure compatibility with Rel. 15. 
     (Radio Communication System) 
     Hereinafter, a structure of a radio communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. In this radio communication system, the radio communication method according to each embodiment of the present disclosure described above may be used alone or may be used in combination for communication. 
       FIG.  3    is a diagram to show an example of a schematic structure of the radio communication system according to one embodiment. The radio communication system  1  may be a system implementing a communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system. New Radio (5G NR) and so on the specifications of which have been drafted by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 
     The radio communication system  1  may support dual connectivity (multi-RAT dual connectivity (MR-DC)) between a plurality of Radio Access Technologies (RATs). The MR-DC may include dual connectivity (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)) between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR, dual connectivity (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)) between NR and LTE, and so on. 
     In EN-DC, a base station (eNB) of LIE (E-UTRA) is a master node (MN), and a base station (gNB) of NR is a secondary node (SN). In NE-DC, a base station (gNB) of NR is an MN, and a base station (eNB) of LTE (E-UTRA) is an SN. 
     The radio communication system  1  may support dual connectivity between a plurality of base stations in the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC)) where both of an MN and an SN are base stations (gNB) of NR). 
     The radio communication system  1  may include a base station  11  that forms a macro cell C 1  of a relatively wide coverage, and base stations  12  ( 12   a  to  12   c ) that form small cells C 2 , which are placed within the macro cell C 1  and which are narrower than the macro cell C 1 . The user terminal  20  may be located in at least one cell. The arrangement, the number, and the like of each cell and user terminal  20  are by no means limited to the aspect shown in the diagram. Hereinafter, the base stations  11  and  12  will be collectively referred to as “base stations  10 ,” unless specified otherwise. 
     The user terminal  20  may be connected to at least one of the plurality of base stations  10 . The user terminal  20  may use at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) and dual connectivity (DC) using a plurality of component carriers (CCs). 
     Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C 1  may be included in FR1, and the small cells C 2  may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band which is higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that frequency bands, definitions and so on of FR1 and FR2 are by no means limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a frequency band which is higher than FR2. 
     The user terminal  20  may communicate using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC. 
     The plurality of base stations  10  may be connected by a wired connection (for example, optical fiber in compliance with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), the X2 interface and so on) or a wireless connection (for example, an NR communication). For example, if an NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations  11  and  12 , the base station  11  corresponding to a higher station may be referred to as an “Integrated Access Backhaul (TAB) donor,” and the base station  12  corresponding to a relay station (relay) may be referred to as an “IAB node.” 
     The base station  10  may be connected to a core network  30  through another base station  10  or directly. For example, the core network  30  may include at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), and so on. 
     The user terminal  20  may be a terminal supporting at least one of communication schemes such as LTE, LTE-A, 5G, and so on. 
     In the radio communication system  1 , an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL), Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), and so on may be used. 
     The wireless access scheme may be referred to as a “waveform.” Note that, in the radio communication system  1 , another wireless access scheme (for example, another single carrier transmission scheme, another multi-carrier transmission scheme) may be used for a wireless access scheme in the UL and the DL. 
     In the radio communication system  1 , a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), which is used by each user terminal  20  on a shared basis, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel PDCCH)) and so on, may be used as downlink channels. 
     In the radio communication system  1 , an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), which is used by each user terminal  20  on a shared basis, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) and so on may be used as uplink channels. 
     User data, higher layer control information, System Information Blocks (SIBS) and so on are communicated on the PDSCH. User data, higher layer control information and so on may be communicated on the PUSCH. The Master information Blocks (MIBs) may be communicated on the PBCH. 
     Lower layer control information may be communicated on the PDCCH. For example, the lower layer control information mat include downlink control information (DCI) including scheduling information of at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH. 
     Note that DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as “DL assignment,” “DL DCI,” and so on, and DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as “UL grant,” “UL DCI,” and so on. None that the PDSCH may be interpreted as “DL data”, and the PUSCH may be interpreted as “UL data”. 
     For detection of the PDCCH, a control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used. The CORESET corresponds to a resource to search DCI. The search space corresponds to a search area and a search method of PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor a CORESET associated with a certain search space, based on search space configuration. 
     One search space may correspond to a PDCCH candidate corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a “search space set.” Note that a “search space,” a “search space set,” a “search space configuration,” a “search space set configuration,” a “CORESET,” a “CORESET configuration” and so on of the present disclosure may be interchangeably interpreted. 
     Unlink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), transmission confirmation information (for example, which may be also referred to as Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK/NACK, and so on), and scheduling request (SR) may be communicated by means of the PUCCH. By means of the PRACH, random access preambles for establishing connections with cells may be communicated. 
     Note that the downlink, the uplink, and so on in the present disclosure may be expressed without a term of “link.” In addition, various channels may be expressed without adding “Physical” to the head. 
     in the radio communication system  1 , a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (TM-RS), and so on may be communicated. In the radio communication system  1 , a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), and so on may be communicated as the DL-RS. 
     For example, the synchronization signal may be at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for a PBCH) may be referred to as an “SS/PBCH block,” an “SS Block (SSB),” and so on. Note that an SS, an SSB, and so on may be also referred to as a “reference signal.” 
     In the radio communication system  1 , a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and so on may be communicated as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that DMRS may be referred to as a “user terminal specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).” 
     (Base Station) 
       FIG.  4    is a diagram to show an example of a structure of the base station according to one embodiment. The base station  10  includes a control section  110 , a transmitting/receiving section  120 , transmitting/receiving antennas  130  and a communication path interface (transmission line interface)  140 . Note that the base station  10  may include one or more control sections  110 , one or more transmitting/receiving sections  120 , one or more transmitting/receiving antennas  130 , and one or more communication path interfaces  140 . 
     Note that, the present example primarily shows functional blocks that pertain to characteristic parts of the present embodiment, and it is assumed that the base station  10  may include other functional blocks that are necessary for radio communication as well. Part of the processes of each section described below may be omitted. 
     The control section  110  controls the whole of the base station  10 . The control section  110  can be constituted with a controller, a control circuit, or the like described based on general understanding of the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains. 
     The control section  110  may control generation of signals, scheduling (for example, resource allocation, mapping), and so on. The control section  110  may control transmission and reception, measurement and so on using the transmitting/receiving section  120 , the transmitting/receiving antennas  130 , and the communication path interface  140 . The control section  110  may generate data, control information, a sequence and so on to transmit as a signal, and forward the generated items to the transmitting/receiving section  120 . The control section  110  may perform call processing (setting up, releasing) for communication channels, manage the state of the base station  10 , and manage the radio resources. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  120  may include a baseband section.  121 , a Radio Frequency (RF) section  122 , and a measurement section  123 . The baseband section  121  may include a transmission processing section  1211  and a reception processing section  1212 . The transmitting/receiving section  120  can be constituted with a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transmitting/receiving circuit, or the like described based on general understanding elf the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  120  may be structured as a transmitting/receiving section in one entity, or may be constituted with a transmitting section and a receiving section. The transmitting section may be constituted with the transmission processing section  1211 , and the RF section  122 . The receiving section may be constituted with the reception processing section  1212 , the RF section  122 , and the measurement section  123 . 
     The transmitting/receiving antennas  130  can be constituted with antennas, for example, an array antenna, or the like described based on general understanding of the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  120  may transmit the above-described downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, and so on. The transmitting/receiving section  120  may receive the above-described uplink channel, uplink reference signal, and so on. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  120  may form at least one of a transmit beam and a receive beam by using digital beam forming (for example, precoding), analog beam forming (for example, phase rotation), and so on. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  120  (transmission processing section  1211 ) may perform the processing of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the processing of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (for example, RLC retransmission control), the processing of the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (for example, HARQ retransmission control), and so on, for example, on data and control information and so on acquired from the control section  110 , and may generate a bit string to transmit. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  120  (transmission processing section  1211 ) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (as necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion, and so on, on the bit string to transmit, and output a baseband signal. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  120  (RF section  122 ) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, and so on, on the baseband signal, and transmit the signal of the radio frequency band through the transmitting/receiving antennas  130 . 
     On the other hand, the transmitting/receiving section  120  (RF section  122 ) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, and so on, on the signal of the radio frequency band received by the transmitting/receiving antennas  130 . 
     The transmitting/receiving section  120  (reception processing section  1212 ) may apply reception processing such as analog-digital conversion, fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing, inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) processing (as necessary), filtering, de mapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, the processing of the RLC layer and the processing of the PDCP layer, and so on, on the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, and so on. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  120  (measurement section  123 ) may perform the measurement related to the received signal. For example, the measurement section  123  may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement, Channel State Information (CSI) measurement, and so on, based on the received signal. The measurement section  123  may measure a received power (for example, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), a received quality (for example, Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), a Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), a signal strength (for example, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), channel information (for example, CSI), and so on. The measurement results may be output to the control section  110 . 
     The communication path interface  140  may perform transmission/reception (backhaul signalling) of a signal with an apparatus included in the core network  30  or other base stations  10 , and so on, and acquire or transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, and so on for the user terminal  20 . 
     Note that the transmitting section and the receiving section of the base station  10  in the present disclosure may be constituted with at least one of the transmitting/receiving section  120 , the transmitting/receiving antennas  130 , and the communication path interface  140 . 
     The transmitting/receiving section  120  may transmit a physical downlink control channel for triggering an aperiodic channel state information reference signal (A-CSI-RS). The control section  110  may, in a case that two different values of a control resource set (CORESET) pool index are configured and a time offset between the physical downlink control channel and the A-CSI-RS is smaller than a threshold, apply, to the A-CSI-RS, QCL assumption used for quasi-co-location (QCL) indication of a CORESET among a plurality of CORESETs, the CORESET being associated with a monitored search space and having the lowest CORESET ID. 
     (User Terminal) 
       FIG.  5    is a diagram to show an example of a structure of the user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal  20  includes a control section  210 , a transmitting/receiving section  220 , and transmitting/receiving antennas  230 . Note that the user terminal  20  may include one or more control sections  210 , one or more transmitting/receiving sections  220 , and one or more transmitting/receiving antennas  230 . 
     Note that, the present example primarily shows functional blocks that pertain to characteristic parts of the present embodiment, and it is assumed that the user terminal  20  may include other functional blocks that are necessary for radio communication as well. Part of the processes of each section described below may be omitted. 
     The control section  210  controls the whole of the user terminal  20 . The control section  210  can be constituted with a controller, a control circuit, or the like described based on general understanding of the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains. 
     The control section  210  may control generation of signals, mapping, and so on. The control section  210  may control transmission/reception, measurement and so on using the transmitting/receiving section  220 , and the transmitting/receiving antennas  230 . The control section  210  generates data, control information, a sequence and so on to transmit as a signal, and may forward the generated items to the transmitting/receiving section  220 . 
     The transmitting/receiving section  220  may include a baseband section  221 , an RF section  122 , and a measurement section  223 . The baseband section  221  may include a transmission processing section  2211  and a reception processing section  2212 . The transmitting/receiving section  220  can be constituted with a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transmitting/receiving circuit, or the like described based on general understanding of the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  220  may be structured as a transmitting/receiving section in one entity, or may be constituted with a transmitting section and a receiving section. The transmitting section may be constituted with the transmission processing section  2211 , and the RF section  222 . The receiving section may be constituted with the reception processing section  2212 , the RF section  222 , and the measurement section  223 . 
     The transmitting/receiving antennas  230  can be constituted with antennas, for example, an array antenna, or the like described based on general understanding of the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  220  may receive the above-described downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, and so on. The transmitting/receiving section  220  may transmit the above-described uplink channel, uplink reference signal, and so on. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  220  may form at least one of a transmit beam and a receive beam by using digital beam forming (for example, precoding), analog beam forming (for example, phase rotation), and so on. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  220  (transmission processing section  2211 ) may perform the processing of the PDCP layer, the processing of the RLC layer (for example, RLC retransmission control), the processing of the MAC layer (for example, HARQ retransmission control), and so on, for example, on data and control information and so on acquired from the control section  210 , and may generate bit string to transmit. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  220  (transmission Processing section  2211 ) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (as necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, on the bit string to transmit, and output a baseband signal. 
     Note that, whether to apply OFT processing or not may be based on the configuration of the transform precoding. The transmitting/receiving section  220  (transmission processing section  2211 ) may perform, for a certain channel (for example, PUSCH), the DFT processing as the above-described transmission processing to transmit the channel by using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled, and otherwise, does not need to perform the OFT processing as the above-described transmission process. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  220  (RF section  222 ) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, and so on, on the baseband signal, and transmit the signal of the radio frequency band through the transmitting/receiving antennas  230 . 
     On the other hand, the transmitting/receiving section  220  (RF section  222 ) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, and so on, on the signal of the radio frequency band received by the transmitting/receiving antennas  230 . 
     The transmitting/receiving section  220  (reception processing section  2212 ) may apply a receiving process such as analog-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (as necessary), filtering, de-mapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, the processing of the RLC layer and the processing of the PDCP layer, and so on, on the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, and so on. 
     The transmitting/receiving section  220  (measurement section  223 ) may perform the measurement related to the received signal. For example, the measurement section  223  may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, and so on, based on the received signal. The measurement section  223  may measure a received power (for example, RSRP), a received quality (for example, RSRQ, SINR, SNR), a signal strength (for example, RSSI), channel information (for example, CSI), and so on. The measurement results may be output to the control section  210 . 
     Note that the transmitting section and the receiving section of the user terminal  20  in the present disclosure may be constituted with at least one of the transmitting/receiving section  220 , the transmitting/receiving, antennas  230 , and the communication path interface  240 . 
     The transmitting/receiving section  220  may receive a physical downlink control channel for triggering an aperiodic channel state information reference signal (A-CSI-RS). The control section  210  may, in a case that two different values of a control resource set (CORESET) pool index are configured and a time offset between the physical downlink control channel and the A-CSI-RS is smaller than a threshold, apply, to the A-CSI-RS, QCL assumption used for quasi-co-location (QCL) indication of a CORESET among a plurality of CORESETs, the CORESET being associated with a monitored search space and having the lowest CORESET ID. 
     The plurality of CORESETs may be CORESETs each of which is configured with a same CORESET pool index value as the physical downlink control channel in a last slot in which one or more CORESETs associated with the same CORESET pool index value as the physical downlink control channel in an active bandwidth part (BWP) is monitored. 
     The time offset may be a time between a last symbol of the physical downlink control channel and an initial symbol of the A-CSI-RS in a non-zero power CSI-RS resource set configured without a tracking reference signal information. 
     In a case that a timing threshold reported by the terminal is in a range, the threshold may be the timing threshold, and in a case that the timing threshold is out of the range, the threshold may be a fixed value. 
     (Hardware Structure) 
     Note that the block diagrams that have been used to describe the above embodiments show blocks in functional units. These functional blocks (components) may be implemented in arbitrary combinations of at least one of hardware and software. Also, the method for implementing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized by one piece of apparatus that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized by directly or indirectly connecting two or more physically or logically separate pieces of apparatus (for example, via wire, wireless, or the like) and using these plurality of pieces of apparatus. The functional blocks may be implemented by combining software into the apparatus described above or the plurality of apparatuses described above. 
     Here, functions include judgment, determination, decision, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, designation, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, considering, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), assigning, and the like, but function are by no means limited to these. For example, functional block (components) to implement a function of transmission may be referred to as a “transmitting section (transmitting unit),” a “transmitter,” and the like. The method for implementing each component is not particularly limited as described above. 
     For example, a base station, a user terminal, and so on according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that executes the processes of the radio communication method of the present disclosure.  FIG.  6    is a diagram to show an example of a hardware structure of the base station and the user terminal according to one embodiment. Physically, the above-described base station  10  and user terminal  20  may each be formed as a computer apparatus that includes a processor  1001 , a memory  1002 , a storage  1003 , a communication apparatus  1004 , an input apparatus  1005 , an output apparatus  1006 , a bus  1007 , and so on. 
     Note that in the present disclosure, the words such as an apparatus, a circuit, a device, a section, a unit, and so on can be interchangeably interpreted. The hardware structure of the base station  10  and the user terminal  20  may be configured to include one or more of apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured not to include part of apparatuses. 
     For example, although only one processor  1001  is shown, a plurality of processors may be provided. Furthermore, processes may be implemented with one processor or may be implemented at the same time, in sequence, or in different manners with two or more processors. Note that the processor  1001  may be implemented with one or more chips. 
     Each function of the base station  10  and the user terminals  20  is implemented, for example, by allowing certain software (programs) to be read on hardware such as the processor  1001  and the memory  1002 , and by allowing the processor  1001  to perform calculations to control communication via the communication apparatus  1004  and control at least one of reading and writing of data in the memory  1002  and the storage  1003 . 
     The processor  1001  controls the whole computer by, for example, running an operating system. The processor  1001  may be configured with a central processing unit (CPU), which includes interfaces with peripheral apparatus, control apparatus, computing apparatus, a register, and so on. For example, at least part of the above-described control section  110  ( 210 ), the transmitting/receiving section  120  ( 220 ), and so on may be implemented by the processor  1001 . 
     Furthermore, the processor  1001  reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, and so on from at least one of the storage  1003  and the communication apparatus  1004 , into the memory  1002 , and executes various processes according to these. As for the programs, programs to allow computers to execute at least part of the operations of the above-described embodiments are used. For example, the control section  110  ( 210 ) may be implemented by control programs that are stored in the memory  1002  and that operate on the processor  1001 , and other functional blocks may be implemented likewise. 
     The memory  1002  is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be constituted with, for example, at least one of a Read Only Memory (ROM), an Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), an Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), and other appropriate storage media. The memory  1002  may be referred to as a “register,” a “cache,” a “main memory (primary storage apparatus)” and so on. The memory  1002  can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, and the like for implementing the radio communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     The storage  1003  is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be constituted with, for example, at least one of a flexible disk, a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magneto-optical disk (for example, a compact disc (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROW and so on), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (for example, a card, a stick, and a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, and other appropriate storage media. The storage  1003  may be referred to as “secondary storage apparatus.” 
     The communication apparatus  1004  is hardware (transmitting/receiving device) for allowing inter-computer communication via at least one of wired and wireless networks, and may be referred to as, for example, a “network device,” a “network controller,” a “network card,” a “communication module,” and so on. The communication apparatus  1004  may be configured to include a high frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, and so on in order to realize, for example, at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-described transmitting/receiving section  120  ( 220 ), the transmitting/receiving antennas  130  ( 230 ), and so on may be implemented by the communication apparatus  1004 . In the transmitting/receiving section  120  ( 220 ), the transmitting section  120   a  ( 220   a ) and the receiving section  120   b  ( 220   b ) can be implemented while being separated physically or logically. 
     The input apparatus  1005  is an input device that receives input from the outside (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, and so on). The output apparatus  1006  is an output device that allows sending output to the outside (for example, a display, a speaker, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, and so on). Note that the input apparatus  1005  and the output apparatus  1006  may be provided in an integrated structure (for example, a touch panel). 
     Furthermore, these types of apparatus, including the processor  1001 , the memory  1002 , and others, are connected by a bus  1007  for communicating information. The bus  1007  may be formed with a single bus, or may be formed with buses that vary between pieces of apparatus. 
     Also, the base station  10  and the user terminals  20  may be structured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and so on, and part or all of the functional blocks may be implemented by the hardware. For example, the processor  1001  may be implemented with at least one of these pieces of hardware. 
     (Variations) 
     Note that the terminology described in the present disclosure and the terminology that is needed to understand the present disclosure may be replaced by other term that convey the same or similar meanings. For example, a “channel,” a “symbol,” and a “signal” (or signaling) may be interchangeably interpreted. Also, “signals” may be “messages.” A reference signal may be abbreviated as an “RS,” and may be referred to as a “pilot,” a “pilot signal,” and so on, depending on which standard applies. Furthermore, a “component carrier (CC)” may be referred to as a “cell,” a “frequency carrier,” a “carrier frequency” and so on. 
     A radio frame may be constituted of one or a plurality of periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of one or a plurality of periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be referred to as a “subframe.” Furthermore, a subframe may be constituted of one or a plurality of slots in the time domain. A subframe may be a fixed time length (for example, 1 ms) independent of numerology. 
     Here, numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. For example, numerology may indicate at least one of a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth, a symbol length, a cyclic prefix length, a transmission time interval (TTI), the number of symbols per TTI, a radio frame structure, a particular filter processing performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, a particular windowing processing performed by a transceiver in the time domain, and so on. 
     A slot may be constituted of one or a plurality of symbols in the time domain (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, and so on). Furthermore, a slot may be a time unit based on numerology. 
     A slot may include a plurality of mini-slots. Each mini-slot may be constituted of one or a plurality of symbols in the time domain. A mini-slot may be referred to as a “sub-slot.” A mini-slot may be constituted of symbols less than the number of slots. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-slot may be referred to as “PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A.” A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a mini-slot may be referred to as “PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.” 
     A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a mind-slot, and a symbol all express time units in signal communication. A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, and a symbol may each be called by other applicable terms. Note that time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, mini-slot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeably interpreted. 
     For example, one subframe may be referred to as a “TTI,” a plurality of consecutive subframes may be referred to as a “TTI,” or one slot or one mind-slot may be referred to as a “TTI.” That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, may be a shorter period than 1 ms (for example, 1 to 13 symbols), or may be a longer period than 1 ms. Note that a unit expressing TIT may he referred to as a “slot,” a “mini-slot,” and so on instead of a “subframe.” 
     Here, a TTI refers to the minimum time unit of scheduling in radio communication, for example. For example, in LTE systems, a base station schedules the allocation of radio resources (such as a frequency bandwidth and transmit power that are available for each user terminal) for the user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTIs is not limited to this. 
     TTIs may be transmission time units for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, or codewords, or may be the unit of processing in scheduling, link adaptation, and so on. Note that, when TTIs are given, the time interval (for example, the number of symbols) to which transport blocks, code blocks, codewords, or the like are actually mapped may be shorter than the TTIs. 
     Note that, in the case where one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, one or more TTIs (that is, one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may be the minimum time unit of scheduling. Furthermore, the number of slots (the number of mini-slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the scheduling may be controlled. 
     A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be referred to as a “normal TTI” (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8 to Rel. 12), a “long TTI,” a “normal subframe,” a “long subframe,” a “slot” and so on. A TTI that is shorter than a normal TTI may be referred to as a “shortened TTI,” a “short TTI,” a “ partial or fractional TTI,” a “shortened subframe,” a “short subframe,” a “mini-slot,” a “sub-slot,” a “slot” and so on. 
     Note that a long TTI (for example, a normal TTI, a subframe, and so on) may be interpreted as a III having a time length exceeding 1 ms, and a short III (for example, a shortened III and so on) may be interpreted as a TIT having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or longer than 1 ms. 
     A resource block (RB) is the unit of resource allocation in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or a Plurality of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, and, for example, may be 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology. 
     Also, an RB may include one or a plurality of symbols in the time domain, and may be one slot, one mini-slot, one subframe, or one TTI in length. One TTI, one subframe, and so on each may be constituted of one or a plurality of resource blocks. 
     Note that one or a plurality of RBs may be referred to as a “physical resource block (Physical RB (PRB)),” a “sub-carrier group (SOG),” a “resource element group (REG),”a “PRB pair,” an “RB pair” and so on. 
     Furthermore, a resource block may be constituted of one or a plurality of resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may correspond to a radio resource field of one subcarrier and one symbol. 
     A bandwidth part (BWP) (which may be referred to as a “fractional bandwidth,” and so on) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (common REs) for certain numerology in a certain carrier. Here, a common RB may be specified by an index of the RB based on the common reference point of the carrier. A PRB may be defined by a certain BWP and may be numbered in the BWP. 
     The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for the UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for the DL). One or a plurality of BWPs may be configured in one carrier for a UE. 
     At least one of configured BWPs may be active, and a UN does not need to assume to transmit/receive a certain signal/channel outside active BWPs. Note that a “cell,” a “carrier,” and. so on in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a “BWP”. 
     Note that the above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, mini-slots, symbols, and so on are merely examples. For example, structures such as the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-slots included in a slot, the numbers of symbols and RBs included in a slot or a mind-slot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, and so on can be variously changed. 
     Also, the information, parameters, and so on described in the present disclosure may be represented in absolute values or in relative values with respect to certain values, or may be represented in another corresponding information. For example, radio resources may be specified by certain indices. 
     The names used for parameters and so on in the present disclosure are in no respect limiting. Furthermore, mathematical expressions that use these parameters, and so on may be different from those expressly disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, since various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, and so on) and information elements can be identified by any suitable names, the various names allocated to these various channels and information elements are in no respect limiting. 
     The information, signals, and so on described in the present disclosure may be represented by using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, and so on, all of which may be referenced throughout the herein-contained description, may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination of these. 
     Also, information, signals, and so on can be output in at least one of from higher layers to lower layers and from lower layers to higher layers. Information, signals, and so on may be input and/or output via a plurality of network nodes. 
     The information, signals, and so on that are input and/or output may be stored in a particular location (for example, a memory) or may be managed by using a management table. The information, signals, and so on to be input and/or output can be overwritten, updated, or appended. The information, signals, and so on that are output may be deleted. The information, signals, and so on that are input may be transmitted to another apparatus. 
     Reporting of information is by no means limited to the aspects/embodiments described in the present disclosure, and other methods may be used as well. For example, reporting of information in the present disclosure may be implemented by using Physical layer signaling (for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), higher layer signaling, (for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (master information block (MIB), system information blocks (SIBs), and so on), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling and so on), and other signals or combinations of these. 
     Note that physical layer signaling may be referred to as “Layer 1/Layer 2 (L1/L2) control information (L1/L2 control signals),” “L1 control information (L1 control signal),” and so on. Also, RRC signaling may be referred to as an “RRC message,” and can be, for example, an RRC connection setup message, an RRC connection reconfiguration message, and so on. Also, MAC signaling may be reported using, for example, MAC control elements MAC CEs). 
     Also, reporting of certain information (for example, reporting of “X holds”) does not necessarily have to be reported explicitly, and can be reported implicitly (by for example, not reporting this certain information or reporting another piece of information). 
     Determinations may be made in values represented by one bit (0 or 1), may be made in Boolean values that represent true or false, or may be made by comparing numerical values (for example, comparison against a certain value). 
     Software, whether referred to as “software,” “firmware,” “middleware,” “microcode,” or “hardware description language,” or called by other terms, should be interpreted broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program codes, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on. 
     Also, software, commands, information, and so on may be transmitted and received via communication media. For example, when software is transmitted from a website, a server, or other remote sources by using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cables, optical fiber cables, twisted-pair cables, digital subscriber lines (DSL), and so on) and wireless technologies (infrared radiation, microwaves, and so on), at least one of these wired technologies and wireless technologies are also included in the definition of communication media. 
     The terms “system” and “network” used in the present disclosure can be used interchangeably. The “network” may mean an apparatus (for example, a base station) included in the network. 
     In the present disclosure, the terms such as “precoding,” a “precoder,” a “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” a “Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state),” a “spatial relation,” a “spatial domain filter,” a “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” an “antenna port,” an “antenna port group,” a “layer,” “the number of layers,” a “rank,” a “resource,” a “resource set,” a “resource group,” a “beam,” a “beam width,” a “beam angular degree,” an “antenna,” an “antenna element,” a “panel,” and so on can be used interchangeably. 
     In the present disclosure, the terms such as a “base station (BS),” a “radio base station,” a “fixed station,” a “NodeB,” an “eNB (eNodeB),” a “gNB (gNodeB),” an “access point,” a “transmission point (TP),” a “reception point (RP),” a “transmission/reception point (TRP),” a “panel,” a “cell,” a “sector,” a “cell group,” a “carrier,” a “component carrier,” and so on can be used interchangeably. The base station may be referred to as the terms such as a “macro cell,”small a cell,” a “femto cell,” a “pico cell,” and so on. 
     A base station can accommodate one or a plurality of (for example, three) cells. When a base station accommodates a plurality of cells, the entire coverage area of the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can provide communication services through base station subsystems (for example, indoor small base stations (Remote Radio Heads (RRHs))). The term “cell” or “sector” refers to part of or the entire coverage area of at least one of a base station and a base station subsystem that provides communication services within this coverage. 
     In the present disclosure, the terms “mobile station (MS),” “user terminal,” “user equipment (UE),” and “terminal” may be used interchangeably. 
     A mobile station may be referred to as a “subscriber station,” “mobile unit,” “subscriber unit,” “wireless unit,” “remote unit,” “mobile device,” “wireless device,” “wireless communication device,” “remote device,” “mobile subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “mobile terminal,” “wireless terminal,” “remote terminal,” “handset,” “user agent,” “mobile client,” “client,” or some other appropriate terms in some cases. 
     At least one of a base station and a mobile station may be referred to as a “transmitting apparatus,” a “receiving apparatus,” a “radio communication apparatus,” and so on. Note that at least one of a base station and a mobile station may be device mounted on a mobile body or a mobile body itself, and so on. The mobile body may be a vehicle (for example, a car, an airplane, and the like), may be a mobile body which moves unmanned (for example, a drone, an automatic operation car, and the like), or may be a robot (a manned type or unmanned type). Note that at least one of a base station and a mobile station also includes an apparatus which does not necessarily move during communication operation. For example, at least one of a base station and a mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor, and the like. 
     Furthermore, the base station in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a user terminal. For example, each aspect/embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to the structure that replaces a communication between a base station and a user terminal with a communication between a plurality of user terminals (for example, which may be referred to as “Device-to-Device (D2D) ,” “Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X),” and the like). In this case, user terminals  20  may have the functions of the base stations  10  described above. The words “uplink” and “downlink” may be interpreted as the words corresponding to the terminal-to-terminal communication. (for example, “side”). For example, an uplink channel, a downlink channel and so on may be interpreted as a side channel. 
     Likewise, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be interpreted as base station. In this case, the base station  10  may have the functions of the user terminal  20  described above. 
     Actions which have been described in the present disclosure to be performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by upper nodes. In a network including one or a plurality of network nodes with base stations, it is clear that various operations that are performed to communicate with terminals can be performed by base stations, one or more network nodes (for example, Mobility Management Entities (MMEs), Serving-Gateways (S-GWs), and so on may be possible, but these are not limiting) other than base stations, or combinations of these. 
     The aspects/embodiments illustrated in the present disclosure may be used individually or in combinations, which may be switched depending on the mode of implementation. The order of processes, sequences, flowcharts, and so on that have been used to describe the aspects/embodiments in the present disclosure may be re-ordered as long as inconsistencies Co not arise. For example, although various methods have been illustrated in the present disclosure with various components of steps in exemplary orders, the particular orders that are illustrated herein are by no means limiting. 
     The aspects/embodiments illustrated in the present disclosure may be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)). Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA 2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems that use other adequate radio communication methods and next-generation systems that are enhanced based on these. A plurality of systems may be combined (for example, a combination of LIE or LTE-A and 5G, and the like) and applied. 
     The phrase “based on” (or “on the basis of”) as used in the present disclosure does not mean “based only on” (or “only on the basis of”), unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase “based on” (or “on the basis of”) means both “based only on” and “based at least on” (“only on the basis of” and “at least on the basis of”). 
     Reference to elements with designations such as “first,” “second,” and so on as used in the present disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of these elements. These designations may be used in the present disclosure only for convenience, as a method for distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, reference to the first and second elements does not imply that only two elements may be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in some way. 
     The term “judging (determining)” as in the present disclosure herein may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “judging (determining)” may be interpreted to mean making “Judgments (determinations)” about judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search and inquiry (for example, searching a table, a database, or some other data structures), ascertaining, and so on. 
     Furthermore, “judging (determining)” may be interpreted to mean making “judgments (determinations)” about receiving (for example, receiving information), transmitting (for example, transmitting information), input, output, accessing (for example, accessing data in a memory), and so on. 
     In addition, “judging&#39; (determining)” as used herein may be interpreted to mean making “judgments (determinations)” about resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, and so on. In other words, “judging (determining)” may be interpreted to mean making “judgments (determinations)” about some action. 
     In addition, “judging (determining)” may be interpreted as “assuming,” “expecting,” “considering,” and the like. 
     “The maximum transmit power” according to the present disclosure may mean a maximum value of the transmit power, may mean the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or may mean the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power). 
     The terms “connected” and “coupled,” or any variation of these terms as used in the present disclosure mean all direct or indirect connections or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” to each other. The coupling or connection between the elements may be physical logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be interpreted as “access.” 
     In the present disclosure, when two elements are connected, the two elements may be considered “connected” or “coupled” to each other by using one or more electrical wires, cables and printed electrical connections, and, as some non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, by using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in radio frequency regions, microwave regions, (both visible and invisible) optical regions, or the like. 
     In the present disclosure, the phrase “A and B are different” may mean that “A and B are different from each other.” Note that the phrase may mean that “A and B is each different from C. The terms “separate,” be coupled,” and so on may be interpreted similarly to “different.” 
     When terms such as “include,” “including,” and variations of these are used in the present disclosure, these terms axe intended to be inclusive, in a manner similar to the way the term. “comprising” is used. Furthermore, the term “or” as used in the present disclosure is intended to be not an exclusive disjunction. 
     For example, in the present disclosure, when an article such as “a,” “an,” and “the” in the English language is added by translation, the present disclosure may include that a noun after these articles is in a plural form. 
     Now, although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it should be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is by no means limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The invention according to the present disclosure can be implemented with various corrections and in various modifications, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention defined by the recitations of claims. Consequently, the description of the present disclosure is provided only for the purpose of explaining examples, and should by no means be construed to limit the invention according to the present disclosure in any way.