Patent Publication Number: US-11650384-B2

Title: Thermal optimizations for OSFP optical transceiver modules

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/122,658 filed on Dec. 15, 2020, which claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/047,410 filed on Jul. 2, 2020, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Octal Small Formfactor Pluggable (OSFP) is a module and interconnect system with a pluggable form factor with eight high speed electrical lanes. OSFP was designed to initially support 400 Gbps (8 lanes×50 G per lane) optical data links. Compared to other form factors, such as QSFP, OSFP is slightly wider and deeper but still supports 36 ports per 1U front panel, which enables a theoretical 400 G bitrate through an OSFP module. The OSFP has several advantages, including that it is reverse compatible with QSFP formats through simple adapters. The OSFP continues to become more common in supporting optics technologies for datacenter and other data transfer applications. 
     Current OSFP modules consume roughly 10-15 watts to achieve a 400 G bitrate. However, as the throughput requirements on the OSFP module increase, the wattage requirements also increase. This in turn increases the thermal load and electromagnetic interference on the OSFP. With the current standard OSFP form factor, these effects lead to issues in operating the OSFP modules at higher bit rates or throughputs due to thermal and electrical effects. 
     Further, as the OSFP Module specifications define specific mechanical form factors and electric parameters for compliance with the standard, the above problems cannot be addressed by changing the mechanical form factors of the modules. There is a need for solutions to enable OSFP modules to operate at higher bitrates while maintaining compliance with the OSFP module specification. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure provides methods, systems, and apparatuses for thermal and electrical optimizations for OSFP optical transceiver modules. 
     One aspect of the present disclosure provides an assembly, the assembly comprising an octal small form factor pluggable (OSFP) module including a data connector, a first heatsink having a top surface and an opposed bottom surface facing toward the OSFP module, a first plurality of hollow channels formed between the OSFP module and the bottom surface, a second heatsink having a surface overlying the top surface of the first heatsink and thermally connected with the top surface, and a plurality of fins extending away from the surface of the second heatsink. 
     Additional aspects of this disclosure provides an assembly, the assembly comprising an octal small form factor pluggable (OSFP) module including a data connector, a first heatsink having a top surface and an opposed bottom surface facing toward the OSFP module, a first plurality of hollow channels formed between the OSFP module and the bottom surface, a second heatsink having a surface overlying the top surface of the first heatsink and thermally connected with the top surface, and a plurality of fins extending away from the surface of the second heatsink. A first space can exist between at least a first pair of two adjacent fins of the plurality of fins differs from a second pair of adjacent fins, so as to optimize a thermal performance characteristic of the module. The second heatsink can the top surface. A housing can be configured for receiving the OSFP module therein and positioned between the second heatsink and the surface. The housing can include an opening through which the OSFP module and the second heatsink are thermally interconnected. At least part of the module can be comprised of a diamond composite material. In some examples, the diamond composite material can be a silver diamond material. The diamond composite material can be aluminum diamond. At least part of the module can be made of a metal composite material. 
     Additional aspects of this disclosure provides a system, the system comprising an outer housing having an opening; an assembly disposed within the outer housing, wherein the second plurality of fins are configured to receive airflow from the opening. The assembly can comprise an octal small form factor pluggable (OSFP) module including a data connector, a first heatsink having a top surface and an opposed bottom surface facing toward the OSFP module, a first plurality of hollow channels formed between the OSFP module and the bottom surface, a second heatsink having a surface overlying the top surface of the first heatsink and thermally connected with the top surface, and a second plurality of fins extending away from the surface of the second heatsink. 
     Additional aspects of this disclosure provides a system, the system comprising an Octal Small Formfactor Pluggable (OSFP) compatible module, an air duct with a first end and a second end, the first end of the air duct forming a closed connection with a back side of the module, a blower, with a first end and an exhaust, the first end of the blower forming a closed connection with the second end of the air duct; and an airpath formed from the front side of the module to the exhaust end of the blower through at least the air duct. The module can comprise a front side and a back side opposite the front side; a substantially continuous top surface extending from a portion of the front side to a portion of the back side and a data connector formed on the front side. The air duct can be formed from a metal composite material. The relative dimensions of the air duct can be based on the air-pressure or air-speed at the back side of the module. The geometry of the air duct can be arranged to prevent the formation of vortices within the system. The frequency of the blower can be based on the geometry of the module. The frequency of the blower can be based on the air-pressure or air-speed at the back side of the module. The airpath can be optimized for heat dissipation from the module. 
     Additional aspects of this disclosure provides an assembly, the assembly comprising an Octal Small Formfactor Pluggable (OSFP) compatible module, comprising a front side and a back side opposite the front side; a substantially continuous top surface extending from a portion of the front side to a portion of the back side; a data connector disposed formed on the front side, a plurality of pin-fins formed in an array across the top surface, each pin-fins substantially non-linear in shape and enclosing an area formed by a closed loop on the top surface, wherein the plurality of pin-fins minimize a pressure gradient between the front side and the back side of the module. Each pin-fin can be formed in a diamond shape. The front side can contain substantially open air channels above the data connector. The plurality of pin-fins can form rows offset from one another. The plurality of pin-fins can cover at least 30% of the surface area of the top surface. Each pin-fin can form an air-foil, the air-foil providing a path for fluid to move across the top surface. The air-foil can be configured to align with a spring-loaded chamfer formed in a housing for the module. The plurality of pin-fins can be configured to attenuate electro-magnetic interference. The plurality of pin-fins can be configured to attenuate radiation emitted from the front side of the module. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. In the drawings: 
         FIG.  1 A  is an exploded perspective diagram of an example OSFP module according to aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  1 B- 1 C  are different perspective views of the assembled OSFP module of  FIG.  1 A ; 
         FIG.  1 D  illustrates a view of a front view of an example OSFP module with a heatsink having fins. 
         FIG.  2 A  is a top-down view of an OSFP module with example cooling holes and channels according to aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  2 B- 2 D  are top-down view illustrations of example cooling pin-fin arrangements in an OSFP according to aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  3 A  illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example OSFP module, a housing, pin-fins, and air-foils according to aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  3 B  illustrates a perspective view of an example OSFP module housing with air-foils according to aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  3 C  illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an example OSFP cooling system with optimized airflow according to aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  4 A- 4 C  are side views of example OSFP modules with optimized heat flow through configuration of heatsinks and position of an ASIC relative to a laser according to aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  5 A- 5 D  are views of example OSFP modules with heat dissipation improvements through water cooling techniques using closed loop water cooling according to aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  6 A- 6 C  are side views of example OSFP modules with improvements to heat dissipation made based on heat paths through the use of flat heat pipes according to aspects of this disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    is a side view of example OSFP module and improvements to heat dissipation through the use of a bend-around heat pipe according to aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  8 A- 8 E  are various views of an example OSFP module and improvements made to heat dissipation through the use of an external bottom heat sink, according to aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  9    is a graph illustrating various power and thermal aspects of example OSFP modules at different configurations. 
         FIG.  10 A  illustrates a side view of an example OSFP module  1000  with one or more of the aspects discussed with reference to  FIGS.  1 A- 8 E . 
         FIG.  10 B  illustrates example airpaths in a side view of an example OSFP module 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     This disclosure generally relates to methods, systems, and apparatuses for thermal and electrical optimizations in Octal Small Form factor Pluggable (OSFP) optical transceiver modules. 
       FIG.  1 A  illustrates an exploded view of OSFP modules and improvements according to aspects of this disclosure.  110  illustrates a block or group of OSFP modules, such as modules  111 - 114 . The block of OSFP modules are configured such that they are compatible with a cage, such as cage  120 . Cage  120  is a 1×4 cage meaning that it can house 4 OSFP modules arranged in one row. Cage  120  has four openings and each opening can be configured to house a single OSFP module. Other configurations of cages are possible. In some examples, a 1×1 cage can house a single OSFP module, while in other examples, other arbitrary M×N modules are possible. An OSFP module can contain other components such as opticals, optical receivers, optical transceivers, lasers, and processors to enable the transmission of data. Modules  111 - 114  and cage  120  can be part of or installed within a larger enclosure. For example, the larger enclosure can have electronics, fans, cooling, or other systems to enable operation of OSFP modules. Cage  120  can have a top surface  121 , a bottom surface  122 , vertical walls separating OSFP modules, such as separator  123 , and a back side or back portion of the separator, rear edge  124 . 
     Module  114  is for example an OSFP compliant transceiver module which meets the parameters of the OSFP form factor and/or OSFP specifications. Module  114  is also an OSFP transceiver module with a connector on one side, connector  115 , and a heatsink  117  on the top of the module. In some examples, heatsink  117  can be the top surface of module  114 . An inlet can be formed above or near connector  115 . Module  114  is intended to be mounted within a rack or cage, as further discussed below with reference to  FIGS.  1 A- 1 D . Connectors  115  can make one end or be formed towards one end of module  114 . Module  114  can have a throughput across the number of lanes. For example, the throughput of module  114  may be 400 Gbps or 50 G per lane across the 8 lanes. In other examples, a higher throughput of module  114  may exist and corresponding be higher across the lanes. 
     Module  114  may also be in communication with a computing device. The computing device can be any type of computing device such as a server, cluster of servers, virtual machine, laptop, desktop, mobile device, or custom-designed hardware device. The computing device may contain a processor, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, a user interface, a display, communication interface(s), and instructions. 
     Although not illustrated in  FIG.  1 A , modules  111 - 114  may contain processors or application specific integrated circuits (ASIC). The processor or ASIC of modules  111  may be configured to enable signals to be transmitted through the module. Module  111  may be configured in various modes to enable both high-speed signals, such as those described in the electric specifications of IEEE802.3bs, IEEE802.3cd, or low-speed signals, such as those using the I2C or 13C protocols, which can used for configuration and control of module  111  by a host. The encoding or specific implementation of the signals may depend on the capability of the ASIC or processor within module  111 . Similarly, although not illustrated in  FIG.  1 A , module  111  may contain a laser. 
     Connector  115  can support various types of communication interfaces. In some examples, connector  115  can be a duplex LC connector, which is a type of fiber connector developed by Lucent Technologies. In some examples, connector  115  can be a multi-fiber push on (MPO) type of optical connector. In other examples, connector  115  can be any known or compatible communication interface capable of enabling transfer of data. 
     Heatsink  130  is also illustrated in  FIG.  1 A . Heatsink  130  can be made of a base section, such as base  131 , and various fins, such as fins  132 - 134 . The absolute dimensions of the fins and the position of the fins relative to one another is constrained by the size of cage  120 , as well as OSFP guidelines and restrictions. In addition, the shape, relative location or position, or absolute position of the fins are optimized to enable better airflow which in turn, can enable the OSFP to remain operable despite the higher amount of heat generated due to the higher wattage requirements associated with an increased throughput. Heatsink  130  can be mechanically attached to cage  120  or make contact with modules  111 - 114  through the use of springs, screws, clips, or other mechanism to allow the heatsink to easily attach to cage  120  and form a secure connection. Although heatsink  130  is shown as one unit, heatsink  130  can be formed or made in multiple configurations or parts. 
     Each module can have a plurality of openings or inlets which allow air to enter into the internal volume of the module. For example,  FIG.  1 A  illustrates an inlet  119  of module  114  and inlet  116  of module  111 , as well as a surface  117  overlying the inlet  119 . Air entering the inlet can cool the module and exit from the back of the module, outlet  114 -B. Surface  117  can also cool heat generated within the modules. Surface  117  can couple with base  131  of the heatsink in order to create a thermal connection and allow heat to further dissipate. In some examples, surface  117  can form part of a heatsink or a vapor chamber. Two air-paths are thus formed for cooling the modules. 
       FIG.  1 B  illustrates a view of assembled OSFP modules and improvements according to aspects of this disclosure. As illustrated in  FIG.  1 B , base  131  may be directly adjacent and contact heatsink  130  to allow heat generated within the module to dissipate and be conducted away from the module. Fins  132 - 134  can divert heat away from the OSFP modules  111 - 114  and allow cooling. 
     The fins can extend longitudinally across the length of cage  120  parallel to the top surface  121 , perpendicular to the top surface  121 , or longitudinally across or parallel bottom surface  122  of cage  120  between an edge of the cage adjacent separators  123  and an opposite and rear edge  124  of the cage. In the example shown in  FIG.  1 A , fins  132 - 134  extend along a majority of a length of the cage. Any number of fins may be provided across a width of cage  120 . In the example shown, 36 fins extend across the width of the cage, but the number of fins can vary widely. 
     In some examples, fins may have a length ranging up to the length of cage  120 , such as 71.0 mm, a height of 9.9 mm, and a thickness of 0.5 mm. In other examples, the height may range between 9.9 mm and 24.0 mm, the length may range between 6.5 mm and 71.0 mm, and the thickness may range between 0.4 mm and 0.7 mm. Fin pitch may range between 1.3 mm and 4.0 mm. But in other examples, fins may have length less than 6.5 mm or greater than 71.0 mm. 
     The relationship between air velocity and air pressure drop is roughly quadratic. The power required to move air is roughly a cubic function of the air velocity. The relationship between the fins, the length of the fins, thickness, and contact points with heatsink  131  are optimized to maximize cooling while ensuring that a pressure drop from the front of the OSFP compliant modules is not excessive. 
       FIG.  1 C  illustrates an additional view of assembled OSFP modules and improvements according to aspects of this disclosure. Visible in  FIG.  1 C  are outlets for the various modules, such as outlet  114 -B. Outlets allow airflow to move from one end of the modules to the other. The airflow through the modules can additionally assist in cooling the modules in conjunction with the heatsinks and fins. 
     In some examples, one or more components illustrated with reference to  FIGS.  1 A- 1 C , can be partially or fully made from diamond composites, such as silver-diamond, aluminum-diamond, or copper-diamond. In some examples, the diamond-composite material can consist of a surface layer which is pure metal surrounding an internal layer or internal core made of diamond or diamond-metal hybrid. The surface layer which has a higher conductivity will allow heat to be transferred more quickly while the internal core, which is made from diamond or diamond-composite, will not conduct heat in the same manner. Through selective use or engineering of materials, heat can be directed away from areas of the module which are more likely to overheat, such as the laser or the ASIC. For example, the coefficient of thermal expansion for silver diamond is 6.5 ppm/K while the thermal conductivity is 900 W/(m·K). The low coefficient of thermal expansion while retaining a high thermal conductivity allows for the module to be more effectively cooled while retaining tight tolerances to maximize the dimensions of the fins and other cooling components. In some examples, the components can be made from any metal matrix composite material. A metal matrix composite material is a material with at least one of the materials being metal to allow for higher thermal conductivity while retaining properties of the other material. 
       FIG.  1 D  illustrates a view of a side view of a module  150  with a heatsink  160  and fins  160 - 171 . The spacing of the fins illustrates a varying gap between fins  160 - 171  designed to optimize airflow and cooling over components or areas of module  150 . For example, the gap between fin  165  and fin  166 , and fin  166  and  167  is larger, allowing for a greater volume of air to flow closer to the center of module  150 . Inlets  151 - 152  of module  150  allow air to enter into the interior volume of module  150 . Heatsink  160  can make thermal contact with module  150  through base  160 -C. As can be seen from the side view, two paths for air exist, allowing for additional cooling while keeping compliance with the OSFP specification. 
     While  FIGS.  1 A- 1 D  provide several example arrangements of cooling fins, it should be understood that further arrangements are possible. For example, the number, spacing, shape, or combination of fins may be modified. Additionally, although not illustrated in  FIGS.  1 A-D , an external housing can house cage  120 . An opening with an external housing can be optimized in terms of spacing, size, dimension, or geometry to optimize for a physical parameter of the system such as for example, heat dissipation, pressure drop, or average temperature drop. As there is usually a fixed volume, rate of airflow, or mass-flow rate across the opening of an external housing and through the external housing, the airflow can be divided across the inside of module  150  and across heatsink  160 . As the total mass-flow rate is typically fixed, the division between the external housing and the internal housing can be determined by the opening of the external housing. 
       FIGS.  2 A- 2 D  illustrate top-down views of a portion of a module. Illustrated in  FIG.  2 A- 2 D  are module components  210 - 240 . Due to the length of a module, such as module  111 , there will be a pressure drop from one end to the other of the module and airflow may also be restricted within the module. Components  210 - 240  are designed to reduce excessive pressure drop along the length of each component and allow for the airflow to be less restricted. The module components can have a top surface, such as surface  211 ,  221 ,  231 , and  241 . 
     Illustrated in  FIG.  2 A  is component  210  with surface  211 . Holes can be formed on surface  211 , such as holes  212  and  213 . Holes  212  and  213  are circular in shape. Formed on surface  211  are a plurality of ridges, including ridge  215  and ridge  216 , which can minimize the volume occupied by air as it moves over surface  211  of component  210 . Additionally, the ridges help channel air in one direction or create “tunnels” of air. Ridge  215  and ridge  216  can extend longitudinally along the length of the module and the space between two adjacent ridges can form “channels” which also extend along the length of the modules. The ridges can be thermally conductive and act as a heatsink or form part of a heat transfer path away from module  210 . This can assist in minimizing the pressure difference between the two ends of the surface. Although not illustrated, additional holes can be formed along the length of surface  211  to further allow additional inlet air into the interior volume of component  210 . The holes can be of any shape or be shaped based on the exact form or dimensions of component  210  to maximize the airflow inside the component. In some examples, the holes can be 2-5 mm in length and spaced at 5-10 mm. In other examples, holes smaller than 2 mm and larger than 5 mm and at any spacing can be formed. In other examples, the holes can be made in a zig-zag pattern. The holes can be made in a variety of patterns on surface  211 . 
     Illustrated in  FIG.  2 B  is component  220 . Present on surface  221  are a plurality of pin-fins extending perpendicular to the length of surface  221 , such as pin-fin  222 . These pin-fins minimize the air pressure drop from the one end of component  310  to the other end of component  310 . In addition, pin-fins  222  can be shaped to further have an inlet or air foils, which allow air to enter into the interior volume of the component. The height of any one pin-fin is fixed by the OSFP form factor, but the width and the length of the pin-fin can be optimized for the smallest drop of pressure in air flow. 
     Pin fins may take on a variety of geometric shapes. In one example, as shown in  FIG.  2 B , pin-fins have an elongated and diamond shaped body with rounded edges. A width  228  at a central portion of pin-fin  222  can be greater than a width  229  at the outermost and opposed ends of pin-fin  222 . In other examples, the pin-fins have a different shape, such as rounded, square, tear-drop, sinusoidal, or any variety or combinations of shapes. The top surface  227  of pin-fin  223  may be planar, but in other examples, the top surface of pin-fin  222  may be non-planar and have a curved surface. In some examples the top-surface of the pin-fin can be planar while in other examples the top surface of the pin-fin can be contoured. 
     The pin-fins may be positioned on any portion of surface  221 . In the example of  FIG.  2 B , pin-fins  222  are positioned within a front half of surface  221  adjacent front edge  221 -F of component  220 . Pin-fins may instead be positioned within a rear half of surface  221  adjacent rear edge of component  220 . In still other examples, pin-fins  222  may extend along an entire length L or a majority of length L of surface  221 . A few of these additional examples will be further discussed below. 
     Pin-fins may be arranged in any number of patterns. As shown, rows of pins are staggered along length L, such that a second row  226  of fin pins is positioned between each of the fin pins in a first row  225 . This pattern can continue along the length L of surface  221 . In other examples, pin-fins may be arranged in straight lines or columns. Similarly, pin-fins may be arranged at any random points along surface  221 . 
     Illustrated in  FIG.  2 C  is component  230 . Similar to component  220 , present on surface  231  of component  230  are pin-fins  232  and  233 . This example illustrates pin fins extending along a majority of a length L of surface  231 , and covering substantially the entire surface  231 . In some examples, the pin-fins can extend away from the surface, such as 2 mm away from the surface. In other examples, the pin-fins can extend less than 2 mm or greater than 2 mm away from the surface. 
     The pin-fins may be formed in any geometric shape. In some examples, the pin-fins can formed of a fixed or varying height. The pins-fins may take on a variety of shapes and the geometries of the pins may vary from pin-to-pin or row to row. In yet other examples, a variety of geometries can be used for the pin-fins to create various pathways for airflow over surface  241 . In some examples, the geometry of the pin fin may be chosen based on the known throughputs or thermal characteristics of an OFSP module. In other examples the geometry of the pin fin and arrangement of the pin-fins can be chosen based on the thermal characteristic of a module, such as an ASIC or laser contained within it. In some examples, the plurality of pin-fins and foils can be arranged to form a partial array on the surface of a component, as well as arranged to correspond to the location of a heat source within the component to enable the lowest pressure drop. For example, the pin fins may only cover a central one-fourth portion of a surface in a relatively dense pattern while other portions of the surface may not contain pin-fins or may contain pin-fins of relatively lower density. In other examples, more complex geometries, such as a Fibonacci spiral, can be arranged to optimize heat exchange, cooling, airflow, pressure, or other parameters. In some examples, the pin-fins can form an array near an ASIC or laser within the module to allow for additional cooling in that region and improve overall heat dissipation characteristics. The pin-fins can further provide additional thermal connectivity with the cage in which the OSFP module is placed. 
     Illustrated in  FIG.  2 D  is component  240 . Similar to component  220 , present on surface  241  of component  240  are pin-fins  242  and  243 . Pin-fins  242  and  243  have different dimensions. 
     While  FIGS.  2 A- 2 D  provide several example arrangements pin-fins, it should be understood that further arrangements are possible. For example, the number, spacing, shape, or combination of pin-fins may be modified. In some examples, an external heat sink, such as that referenced in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 D  can be modified to mechanically mate or otherwise make contact with an arrangement of pin-fins to allow for additional thermal dissipation. 
       FIG.  3 A  illustrates a cross sectional view of a housing  350  of an OFSP module fitted within a cage  360 . Airflow is directed “into” the page or in the direction of arrows  365 - 368  shown in  FIG.  3 B . Housing  350  can have a surface  351 , and upon it a plurality of pin-fins, such as pin-fin  352 . Pin-fin  352  can further contain or form an air foil. An air-foil can be created from the volume enclosed by a surface of a pin-fin. The pin-fin can be shaped such that an interior portion of the pin-fin is hollow and forms an interior cavity. The interior cavity can provide a space for air to enter into and fill the volume of the interior cavity. The interior cavity can take on a variety of shapes and in one example may possess a funnel-like shape, which is visible when viewed from the top. In other examples, the outer surface of the pin-fin can include breaks or openings in the surface to allow air to flow into the inner volume of the air-foil. For example, a portion of surface  241  enclosed by pin-fin  242  can be removed, creating a pathway for air to move across the surface. This can further enhance cooling from the interior of housing  350  and maximize airflow into the air foil. 
     Cage  360  can be chamfered to contain depressions within the surface of the cage, such as at chamfer  361  and chamfer  362 . Chamfers  361  and  362  can be spring loaded such that they are flush with the internal surface of cage  360  unless an external force is applied to them. Upon application of an external force, chamfers  361 - 362  can be depressed in towards cage  360  in the same direction of the application of force. The pin-fins can align within the depression of the chamfers. For example, chamfer  362  aligns with pin-fin  352 . Thus, when inserting the housing  350 , or a module, such as module  231 , into a cage, mechanical stresses and damage can be minimized by aligning the chamfers and pin foils. In addition, the pin foil can push against chamfer  362 , depressing a spring of chamfer  362 , and make a tight connection with the chamfer  362 . In this manner, any microcurrent or induced current within the system can be effectively grounded through the mechanical and electrical contact between pin-foil  352  and chamfer  362 . 
     Radiated emission or radio frequency energy can be emitted from the housing in the opposite direction of the airflow. Radiation can be generated during operation of the modules, such as by an ASIC or laser within the module. In some examples, pin-fins can be utilized and optimized based on width, length, and to minimize pressure drop through the length of the housing while still attenuating radiated emissions sources. In other examples, the use of pin-fins arranged in rows offset from one another attenuates the radiation as each pin-fin reflects back or attenuates radiation. In some examples, by using multiple rows of pin-fins, the radiation can be attenuated by a larger extent. A person of skill in the art would understand that various combinations and designs are possible for various use cases of module  350 . 
       FIG.  3 B  illustrates a partial view of a module, module  360 . Module  360  can be similar to module  111  described above. Illustrated in  FIG.  3 C  is the connecting side of module  360  with a receiver  362 . Receiver  362  can be any suitable receiver supported by the OSFP specification discussed above. The module can also contain inlets above the receiver, which are designed to optimize airflow into module  360 , such as inlet  369 . The specific shape and design of the inlets can be based on the geometry of module  360  as well as the operating conditions of electrical housing contained within module  360 . Illustrated in parallel arrows labeled  366  and  377  is the direction of airflow into module  360 . Additional arrows are not illustrated for clarity in  FIG.  3 C , but it is understood that air is flowing into the module  360  at many locations of inlet  369 . 
     In some examples, the inlets, such as inlet  369 , can be replaced with a vapor chamber. A vapor chamber is a chamber which is filled with a coolant. The coolant, when heated, changes from a liquid phase to a gas phase. Once gaseous, the coolant circulates via convection and moves freely through the chamber. The gaseous molecules condense on cold surfaces, dissipate their heat load, and are channeled back to the coolant reservoir. This process allows for cooling with a fixed or known amount of coolant. The coolant reservoir can extend along part or the entire length of module  360 . 
       FIG.  3 C  illustrates a side view of an OSFP module within a cage  370 . Illustrated in  FIG.  3 C  is a module  371  with a connector  372 , and air duct  373 , and a blower  374 . Air entering module  371  is indicated with a solid line  376 . Airflow between the connector  372  and air duct  373  that is distributed to the blower  374  is indicated with a solid line  377 . Air leaving the blower  374  in indicated with a solid line  378 . The temperature of the air increases as it moves through the OSFP module from the left side, adjacent a data connector of the module within cage  370 , through the right side of the cage  370 . The temperature of the air can reduce or stay similar as it moves out through cage  370  and left to right through membrane  373 , and through to the right side, adjacent the blower  374 . Module  371  can be similar to the modules described above, such as module  111 . Air duct  373  can have a first end and a second end, and can enclose a fixed volume. Air duct  373  can be made of any suitable material, such as plastic, polymer, or metal. Air duct  373  be a duct which allows for air to be ducted away from one end of module  371 . Blower  374  can be attached to one end of air duct  373  while module  371  is attached to the other end. This attachment can create an airpath  375 . As there is an independent pathway for the module, the airflow within a module can be decoupled from the airflow of a tray or housing within which the module is placed, a high pressure pathway can be created for the module and be decoupled from the air-flow requirements of the tray or housing. 
     Further, the connections between module  371 , air duct  373 , and blower  374  can be formed of a rigid, flexible, or semi-flexible membrane. Membranes and openings between the parts can be chosen on the basis of the geometry of the module, the air pressure, and the specific fluid dynamics generated by the system. For example, it is possible that vortices or other undesirable phenomena are created by choosing the dimensions of the openings or connections between the module, air duct, and blower. Such vortices can disrupt the smooth airflow desired over module  371 . In addition, vibrational load, frequency, resonance frequency, temperature and other parameters must be considered when engineering airpath  375  to ensure that the airpath can optimally cool the OSFP module. In some examples, air duct  373  can be several cm long and form an angle relative to the module. The angle may range, for example, between 5-35 degrees, but in other examples, the angle may be less than 5 degrees or greater than 35 degrees. The relative geometry of the air duct can be based on physical or operational parameters of the module, such as the module length, the air pressure at any part within the module, the airflow through the module, or the temperature of the air exiting the module. 
     Blower  374  can be any device which can generate an air jet. The blower will create negative pressure, further increasing air flow through module  371 . This in turn will allow the module to be more effectively cooled. In some examples, blower  374  can operate at a frequency of 100-1000 rotations per minute and move 5 cubic-feet of air per minute. But, in other examples, the frequency may be less than 100 rotations per minute or more than 1000 rotations per minute to move 5 cubic feet of air per minute. In still other examples, the rotations per minute can be modified to move less than or more than 5 cubic-feet per minute. The blower can be chosen to optimize cooling, airflow, pressure, or temperature drop within the module. The blower can be chosen based on its frequency, vibrational characteristics, ability to create pressure gradients, or other similar parameters. 
     In some examples, the methods and apparatuses described with reference to  FIGS.  3 A- 3 D  can be used separately or in conjunction with one another. 
       FIG.  4 A  illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an OSFP module, module  400 .  FIG.  4 A  illustrates an ASIC  411 , a laser  412 , a printed circuit board  413 , and a housing of the OSFP module, housing  414 , a thermal path  415 , and a heatsink  416 . Also illustrated in  FIG.  4 A  in a dashed solid line is an expected path or one path for heat dissipation. The ASIC is an application specific integrated circuit. ASIC  411  is mounted to the bottom of the module. In some examples, laser  412  can be a laser operating at 10 watts. Laser  412  typically has an upper operational temperature limit of around 70 C. However, ASIC  411  can run at much higher temperatures, and as illustrated in  FIG.  4 A , sits below the laser. During normal operation of the ASIC, the excess heat generated may disturb the normal operation of the laser, particularly given that the ASIC is further away from heatsink  416 . The indirect thermal path not only causes heat to tend to move towards laser  412  but additionally is ineffective in channeling heat away from the ASIC. 
       FIG.  4 B  illustrates a cross-sectional view of an OSFP module  450 . Also illustrated in dashed solid lines are paths of heat dissipation from module  450 . Similar to module  400 , module  450  contains an ASIC  451 , a laser  452 , a printed circuit board  453 , a housing of the OSFP module, housing  454 , a thermal path  455 , and a heatsink  456 . By moving ASIC  451  above printed circuit board  453  and moving laser  452  below the printed circuit board, heat is more easily dissipated away from the hotter ASIC. In addition, printed circuit board  453  can act as an insulator and prevent some of the heat generated by ASIC  451  from reaching laser  452 . 
       FIG.  4 C  illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an OSFP module  460 .  FIG.  4 A  illustrates an ASIC  461 , a laser  462 , a printed circuit board  463 , and a housing of the OSFP module, housing  464 , a thermal path  465 , and a heatsink  466 . Also illustrates is an additional finned air heatsink, heatsink  470 . Heatsink  470  sits below the OSFP module  400  and makes contact with the module along a portion of the length of the module. This enables the OSFP module to fit within cages without heatsink  470  obstructing the insertion of the module  400 . Heatsink  470  can also contain heatpipes, such as heatpipe  471 . Heatpipe  471  can be made of any conductive material, such as a metal or metal compound. In some examples, the heatpipe can be made of copper, gold-composites, silver, or other metal composite materials. The material of heatpipe  471  can be chosen based on a coefficient of thermal expansion of both the heatsink material and the heatpipe. By adding heatsink  470 , it is possible to more efficiently cool ASIC  461  and allow more heat to be dissipated via heatsink  460  as compared to heat sink  461 . In some examples, the surface area of heatsink  470  can be increased through the use of fractal geometry. In some examples, the amount of heat dissipated by heatsink  470  can be between 10-100 watts. Although heatsink  470  is oriented in one direction, it is understood that the heatsink can be oriented at various directions relative to module  460 . The airflow can also be oriented in various directions relative to module  460  and heatsink  470 . 
     In some examples, heatpipes can be replaced with vapor chambers containing coolant to provide additional cooling. A coolant can be chosen to be a material with a high thermal conductivity, a material with phase changes, or a material with a high specific heat. 
       FIG.  5 A  illustrates a top-down view of a rack which can house several OSFP modules, rack  500 . Rack  500  has a front side and a back side. Rack  500  is designed to house and cool OSFP modules when inserted into the front side. Rack  500  can house cages, such as cage  120 . Rack  500  has a plurality of heat exchangers which correspond to OSFP modules. For example, heat exchanger  501  corresponds to four OSFP modules. Heat exchanger  502  corresponds to a single OSFP module. The heat exchangers can contain a suitable liquid coolant which can absorb heat generated from an OSFP. The liquid coolant will be directed towards a network of pipes, which will direct heat towards the rear of rack  500 . At the rear of rack  500  heat carried by the coolant away from the OSFP modules can be removed from the coolant through a liquid to air heat exchanger, such as intercooler  510 . Intercooler  510  can be made of a material with a high amount of thermal conductivity and be designed with a large surface area to remove the highest amount of heat possible from the intercooler. Additionally, to help maintain airflow through the rack  500 , fans can be included at the back side of rack  500 . 
       FIG.  5 B  illustrates a top-down view of a rack which can house several OSFP modules. Rack  530  can be similar to rack  500 . Rack  530  has a plurality of heat exchangers which correspond to OSFP modules. For example, heat exchanger  530  corresponds to four OSFP modules. Heat exchanger  532  corresponds to a single OSFP module. The heat exchangers can contain a suitable liquid coolant which can absorb heat generated from an OSFP. The liquid coolant will be directed towards a network of pipes, which will extend through the front of the rack and be connected with an external coolant distribution unit (CDU), such as CDU  540 . CDU  540  can be chosen based on size and thermal requirements of the OSFP system or rack. For example, CDU systems which provide upwards of 200 kW of cooling in less than 1 m 2  of space can be chosen for certain OSFP applications where a greater amount of heat is likely to be generated. 
       FIGS.  5 C and  5 D  illustrate a top-down view and a side view of an OSFP module  550  with direct water cooling. Module  550 , similar to the modules described above, has a front side which can receive a connector and a back side. The module also has a top surface, surface  551 . The module can also contain a cold plate, such as cold plate  560 . The cold plate can be a reservoir capable of holding liquid. In other examples, cold plate  560  can be a network of pipes of a single pipe running the length of module  550  several times or looped within module  550 . In some examples, the cold plate can be collected around a hot spot on module  550 . The back side of module  550  can contain an input for cooler water, input port  561  and an output for warm water, output port  562  returning from the cold plate  560 . Input port  561  can be in fluid communication with cold plate  560 , which can in turn be in fluid communication with output port  562 . Collectively, this forms a closed loop which can be externally cooled before returning to the interior of module  550 . The addition of input port  561  and output port  562  still allows the OSFP form factor to be retained and ensures compatibility with existing OSFP racks. Input port  561  and output  562  can be made of thermally conductive material with low coefficients of thermal expansion and can be approximately between 1 mm and 5 cm. In addition, the ports can be capable of supporting any suitable flow and pressure depending on cooling requirements. 
       FIG.  6 A  illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an OSFP module  600 . Module  600  can be similar to module  400  and its components.  FIG.  6 A  illustrates an ASIC  611 , a laser  612 , a printed circuit board  613 , and a housing of the OSFP module, housing  614 , a thermal path  615 , and a heatsink  616 . The ASIC is an application specific integrated circuit. ASIC  611  is mounted to the bottom of the module. Additionally, OSFP module  600  can contain flat heat pipes which are integrated towards the bottom of the module  600 , such as heatpipes  618  and  619 . These flat heat pipes can be made of a highly conductive material. Keeping the heat pipes relatively flat can allow the OSFP module specifications to be maintained. 
       FIG.  6 B  illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an OSFP module  650 . Module  650  can be similar to module  400  and its components.  FIG.  6 B  illustrates an ASIC  611 , a laser  662 , a printed circuit board  663 , and a housing of the OSFP module, housing  664 , a thermal path  665 , and a heatsink  669 . The ASIC is an application specific integrated circuit. ASIC  661  is mounted to the bottom of the module. Additionally, OSFP module  600  can contain flat heat pipes which are integrated towards the bottom of the module  600 , such as heatpipes  668 . These flat heat pipes can be made of a highly conductive material. Keeping the heat pipes relatively flat will allow the OSFP module specifications to be maintained while still allowing for improved cooling. In addition, cooling fins can be added to the bottom of the module to provide additional cooling. In some examples, housing  664  can be indented or otherwise modified to allow space for additional cooling fins to be incorporated without affecting the dimensions of module  650  or preventing it from being integrated within a rack. 
       FIG.  6 C  is another side view of an OSFP module  650  with similar features as described with reference to  FIG.  6 B . 
       FIG.  7    illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an OSFP module  700 . Module  700  can be similar to module  400  and its components.  FIG.  7    illustrates an ASIC  711 , a laser  712 , a printed circuit board  713 , and a housing of the OSFP module, housing  714 , a thermal path  715 , and fins  716 . Fins  716  can also be a heatsink. The ASIC is an application specific integrated circuit. ASIC  711  is mounted to the bottom of the module. Additionally, OSFP module  700  can contain flat heat pipes which are integrated towards the bottom of the module  700 , such as heatpipes  718 . These flat heat pipes can be made of a highly conductive material. Keeping the heat pipes relatively flat will allow the OSFP module specifications to be maintained. In some examples, heatpipe  718  can be a vapor chamber. 
       FIGS.  8 A- 8 E  illustrate various views of an OSFP module  800 . 
       FIG.  8 A  illustrates an exploded view of an OSFP compatible module  800 . Illustrates is an internal cooling component  810  with a surface  811  and inlets  812 . A first middle component  820  contains a heat spreader  821 . Heat spreader  821  can be a heat sink, heat pipe, or heat spreader. Heat spreader  821  can be a vapor chamber with an evaporator and condenser. Heat spreader  821  can be made of material with high thermal conductivity or can be made of a material with much higher thermal conductivity as compared to other materials of module  800 . For example, heat spreader  821  can be made of a metal or metal compound. Heat spreader  821  can be in thermal contact with cooling component  810 . In some examples, heat spreader  821  and cooling component  810  can be one continuous component. In these examples, additional thermal cooling can be realized as the number of thermal interfaces is reduced. Heat spreader  821  can be as thick as a portion of middle component  820  and make thermal contact with a heat source. One side of heat spreader  821  can make thermal contact with cooling component  810  while the opposite side of heat spreader  821  can make contact with a heat source. Second middle component  830  can contain a front side with a data connector  831 . In some examples, data connector  831  can contain a layer of a material with low thermal conductivity to prevent a heat source in contact with heat spreader  821  from transmitting or conducting heat towards the bottom of module  800 . Middle component  830  can be configured to house electronics, which are sources of heat, such as a laser or an ASIC. Bottom component  840  can contain a heat spreader  841 . Heat spreader  841  can be a heatsink or a thermally conductive surface in thermal contact with a heat source, such as electronics, an ASIC, or a laser. In some examples, heat spreader  841  can extend beyond the bottom surface of module  800  and into a larger system. In some examples, heat spreader  841  can form an external heatsink. In some examples, heat spreader  841  can be a vapor chamber. In some examples, heat spreader  841  can contact an external heatsink or cooling component. Heat spreader  821 , heat spreader  841 , thin vapor chambers, or flat heat pipes can be bonded to the top or bottom of module  800  to improve heat dissipation. In some examples, the exterior contact surface of heat spreader  821  and heat spreader  841 , which can be vapor chambers or heat pipes, can be flush to or slightly sub-flush to the exterior surfaces of the module  800 . 
       FIG.  8 B  illustrates a top-down view of assembled OSFP compatible module  800  with surface  811 , inlets  812 , heat spreader  821 , heat spreader  841 . Also illustrated in  FIG.  8 B  is a printed circuit board  832 . The printed circuit board can interface with electronics inside and external to module  800 . In addition, the printed circuit board can be made of materials with low thermal conductivity. In some examples, a laser can be installed in the upper portion of module  800  and be in thermal contact with heat spreader  821  while an ASIC is installed in the lower portion, under the printed circuit board  832 , and in thermal contact with heat spreader  841 . The laser would be able to dissipate heat through the heat spreader  821  while the ASIC through heat spreader  841 . The overall cooling through the module is thus increased in this manner. 
       FIG.  8 C  illustrates a bottom-up view of assembled OSFP compatible module  800  with heat spreader  841  and data connector  831  visible. In some examples, a cut-out can be made in module  800  to allow heat spreader  841  to contact an external heatsink. In other examples, heat spreader  841  can form part of the external surface of module  800  or otherwise be flush with the surface. In some examples, heat spreader  841  can be in contact with an external cooler. In some examples, the external cooler or heatsink can be a liquid heat exchanger, a peltier heat pump, or an additional heat pipe. 
       FIG.  8 D  illustrates module  800  within a cage  860 . Cage  860  can be mounted to a printed circuit board  851 . Cage  860  can contain several openings, such as opening  861  and  862  to house modules, such as module  800 . Printed circuit board  851  can be installed within a larger enclosure. Printed circuit board  851  can interface with electronics within one or more modules. Cage  860  and printed circuit board  851  can be configured to allow a heatsink, heatsink  852 , to make thermal contact with module  800  through heat spreader  841  as discussed earlier. For example, the printed circuit board and cage can have cutouts matching the external heat sink. In some examples, cage  860  can be spring loaded to allow for easier compatibility with mechanical matching of components. In other examples, cage  860  can be springless. 
       FIG.  8 E  illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of module  800 , an external heat sink  852 , and printed circuit board  851 . In addition to the various components discussed with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D ,  FIG.  8 E  illustrates a laser  890  and an ASIC  891 . 
       FIG.  9    illustrates thermal and electrical aspects of an example OSFP compliant transceiver module at various operational temperatures. The horizontal axis of the graph  900 , axis  905  indicates the throughput of an OSFP module. The vertical axis of graph  900 , axis  910 , indicates the thermal performance required for a certain throughput. Three data points are plotted, data points  921 - 923 , corresponding to throughputs of 400 Gbps, 800 Gbps, and 1.6 Tbps respectively. For example, it is expected that an 800 G bitrate will require 19 W of power while a 1.6 T bitrate will require 25 W of power. These latter bitrates cannot be supported with the current OSFP form factor as too much heat is generated for the OSFP module to operate properly. At higher temperatures, the air pressure drop inside the module can be too high to effectively cool the module in ambient and static conditions. 
       FIG.  10 A  illustrates a side view of an OSFP module  1000  with one or more of the configurations discussed above with reference to  FIGS.  1 A- 8 E .  FIG.  10    illustrates an external housing  1010  which can have an inlet  1050 . Module  1000  has a front side with an inlet  1040 , a back side with a backside or air outlet, outlet  1080 , and a top surface  1030  formed between the front side and the back side. Module  1000  can have an external heat sink  1020  attached to the top surface  1030 . Module  1000  can also have an internal surface  1041 , which as explained above, can in some examples contain holes to allow air to vent into an interior portion of module  1000 . Module  1000  can have a surface  1060 . In some examples, surface  1060  can be configured to allow an external bottom heatsink to be in contact with surface  1060 . Housing  1010  can have a bottom portion, portion  1070 . In some examples, portion  1070  can be cut to create an opening for a bottom heatsink. 
       FIG.  10 B  illustrates airpaths in a side view of OSFP module with one or more of the configurations discussed above with reference to  FIGS.  1 A- 8 E , airpaths  1081 - 1085 . Airpath  1085  can enter through inlet  1050  of housing  1010  and flow above OSFP module  1000 . Airpath  1081  can enter through inlet  1050  of housing  1010  and flow through an external heat sink  1020  which is thermally connected to top surface  1030  of module  1000 . Airpath  1082  can enter through inlet  1040 , move through the length of the OSFP module  1000 , and leave through air outlet  1080 . As discussed above, airpath  1082  can encounter pin-foils, such as pin-foil  222 . Airpath  1083  can enter through holes within the internal surface, such as hole  212 , and move through an internal portion of module  1000  before exiting through the back end. Airpath  1084  can run parallel to the bottom portion of module  1000 . Airpath  1084  can cross an external heatsink attached to the bottom of the module to provide additional cooling. 
     While this disclosure contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination may in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination. 
     Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. 
     References to “or” may be construed as inclusive so that any terms described using “or” may indicate any of a single, more than one, and all of the described terms. The labels “first,” “second,” “third,” and so forth are not necessarily meant to indicate an ordering and are generally used merely to distinguish between like or similar items or elements. 
     Aspects of the technology may include an assembly comprising: 
     an octal small form factor pluggable (OSFP) module comprising a data connector and inlet apertures configured enable airflow between an interior portion and an exterior portion of the OSFP module; 
     a first heatsink having a top surface and an opposed bottom surface facing toward the OSFP module; a first plurality of hollow channels formed between the OSFP module and the bottom surface; 
     a second heatsink having a surface overlying the top surface of the first heatsink and thermally connected with the top surface; and/or 
     a plurality of fins extending away from the surface of the second heatsink; and/or wherein a first space between at least a first pair of two adjacent fins of the plurality of fins differs from a second space between a second pair of adjacent fins, so as to optimize a thermal performance characteristic of the module; and/or
 
wherein the second heatsink contacts the top surface; and/or
 
a housing for receiving the OSFP module therein and positioned between the second heatsink and the surface; and/or
 
wherein the housing includes an opening through which the OSFP module and the second heatsink are thermally interconnected; and/or
 
wherein at least part of the module is comprised of a diamond composite material; and/or
 
wherein the diamond composite material is aluminum diamond; and/or
 
wherein at least part of the module is made of a metal composite material; and/or
 
containing an external or internal water cooling element; and/or
 
containing a vapor chamber; and/or
 
containing a bottom heat sink.
 
     Aspects of the disclosed technology can include any combination of the following features: 
     ¶1. An assembly comprising: 
     an octal small form factor pluggable (OSFP) module comprising a data connector and inlet apertures configured enable airflow between an interior portion and an exterior portion of the OSFP module; 
     a first heatsink having a top surface and an opposed bottom surface facing toward the OSFP module; 
     a first plurality of hollow channels formed between the OSFP module and the bottom surface; 
     a second heatsink having a surface overlying the top surface of the first heatsink and thermally connected with the top surface; and 
     a plurality of fins extending away from the surface of the second heatsink. 
     ¶2. The assembly of ¶1, wherein a first space between at least a first pair of two adjacent fins of the plurality of fins differs from a second space between a second pair of adjacent fins, so as to optimize a thermal performance characteristic of the module.
 
¶3. The assembly of ¶¶1-2, wherein the second heatsink contacts the top surface.
 
¶4. The assembly of ¶1-3, further comprising a housing for receiving the OSFP module therein and positioned between the second heatsink and the surface.
 
¶5. The assembly of ¶¶1-4, wherein the housing includes an opening through which the OSFP module and the second heatsink are thermally interconnected.
 
¶6. The assembly of ¶¶1-4, wherein at least part of the module is comprised of a diamond composite material.
 
¶7. The assembly of ¶¶1-6, wherein the diamond composite material is aluminum diamond.
 
8. The assembly of ¶¶1-6 wherein at least part of the module is made of a metal composite material.
 
¶9. A system comprising:
 
     an outer housing having an opening; and 
     the assembly of ¶1 disposed within the outer housing, wherein the plurality of fins are configured to receive airflow from the opening. 
     ¶10. A system comprising: 
     
         
         
           
             an Octal Small Formfactor Pluggable (OSFP) module, the module comprising: 
             a front side and a back side opposite the front side;
           a substantially continuous top surface extending from a portion of the front side to a portion of the back side;   
         
             a data connector formed on the front side; 
             an air duct with a first end and a second end, the first end of the air duct forming a closed connection with the back side of the module; 
             a blower, with a first end and an exhaust, the first end of the blower forming a closed connection with the second end of the air duct; and 
             an airpath formed from the front side of the module to the exhaust end of the blower through at least the air duct.
 
¶11. The system of ¶10 further comprising the air duct formed from a metal composite material.
 
¶12. The system of ¶¶10-12 wherein the relative dimensions of the air duct based on an air-pressure or an air-speed at the back side of the module.
 
¶13. The system of ¶¶10-12 wherein the geometry of the air duct is arranged to prevent the formation of vortices within the system.
 
¶14. The system of ¶¶10-13 wherein a frequency of the blower is based on the geometry of the module.
 
¶15. The system of ¶¶10-13 wherein a frequency of the blower is based on the air-pressure or air-speed at the back side of the module.
 
¶16. The system of ¶¶10-15 wherein the airpath is optimized for heat dissipation from the module and/or the system is connected or thermally coupled to a water source and/or the module contains a vapor chamber.
 
¶17. An Octal Small Formfactor Pluggable (OSFP) module, comprising:
 
             a front side and a back side opposite the front side;
           a substantially continuous top surface extending from a portion of the front side to a portion of the back side;   
         
             a data connector disposed formed on the front side; and 
             a plurality of pin-fins formed in an array across the top surface, each pin-fins substantially non-linear in shape and enclosing an area formed by a closed loop on the top surface, wherein the plurality of pin-fins minimize a pressure gradient between the front side and the back side of the module.
 
¶18. The module of ¶17 wherein each pin-fin is formed in a diamond shape.
 
¶19. The module of ¶¶17-18 wherein the front side contains substantially open air channels above the data connector.
 
¶20. The module of ¶¶17-19 wherein the plurality of pin-fins are arranged in rows, the rows offset from one another.
 
¶21. The module of ¶19 wherein the plurality of pin-fins cover at least 30% of the surface area of the top surface.
 
¶22. The module of ¶¶17-19 wherein each pin-fin forms an air-foil, the air-foil providing a path for fluid to move across the top surface.
 
¶23. The module of ¶¶17-20 wherein the air-foil is configured to align with a spring-loaded chamfer formed in a housing for the module.
 
¶24. The module of ¶23 wherein the plurality of pin-fins are configured to attenuate electro-magnetic interference.
 
¶25. The module of ¶23 wherein the plurality of pin-fins are configured to attenuate radiation emitted from the front side of the module.
 
¶26. The module of ¶17 wherein the module is connected or thermally coupled to a water source and/or a bottom heat sink and/or a vapor chamber and/or an inlet and/or aperture and/or a blower.
 
           
         
       
    
     Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles and the novel features disclosed herein.