Patent Publication Number: US-2003229099-A1

Title: Novel farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors as antitumor agents

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
     [0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/940,811 filed Aug. 28, 2001 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), which in turn claims the benefit of Provisional Application Serial No. 60/229,183 filed Aug. 30, 2000. 
    
    
     
       BACKGROUND  
       [0002] WO 95/10516, published Apr. 20, 1995 and WO 97/23478, published Jul. 3, 1997 disclose tricyclic compounds useful for inhibiting farnesyl protein transferase.  
       [0003] WO 98/54966 published Dec. 10, 1998 discloses methods of treating cancer by administering at least two therapeutic agents selected from a group consisting of a compound which is an antineoplastic agent and a compound which is an inhibitor of prenyl-protein transferase (e.g., a farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor).  
       [0004] Farnesyl Protein Transferase (FPT) Inhibitors are known in the art, see for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,442 issued Feb. 23, 1999. Methods of treating proliferative diseases (e.g., cancers) by administering an FPT inhibitor in conjunction with an antineoplastic agent and/or radiation therapy are also known, see for example U.S. Pat. No. 6,096,757 issued Aug. 1, 2000.  
       [0005] Shih et al., “The farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor SCH 66336  synergizes with taxanes in vitro and enhances their antitumor activity in vivo”, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol (2000) 46: 387-393 discloses a study of the combination of SCH 66336 with paclitaxel, and SCH 66336 with docetaxel on certain cancer cell lines.  
       [0006] WO 01/45740 published Jun. 28, 2001 discloses a method of treating cancer (breast cancer) comprising administering a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and at least one farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI). FTI-277 is the exemplified FTI.  
       [0007] The WEB site http://www.osip.com/press/pr/07-25-01 discloses a press release of OSI Pharmaceuticals. The press release announces the initiation of a Phase III clinical trial evaluating the use of the epidermal growth factor inhibitor Tarceva (TM) (OSI-774) in combination with Carboplatin (Paraplatin) a nd Paclitaxel (Taxol) f o r the treatment of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer.  
       [0008] The WEB site http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov/types/lung/iressal2100.html in a disclosure posted Dec. 14, 2000 discloses the following list of open clinical trials for advanced (stage IIIB and IV) non-small cell lung cancer, from NCl&#39;s clinical trials database:  
       [0009] (1) phase III Randomized Study of ZD 1839 (IRESSA, an epidermal growth factor inhibitor) combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin in chemotherapy-naive patients with Stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer; and  
       [0010] (2) phase III Randomized Study of ZD 1839 (IRESSA, an epidermal growth factor inhibitor) combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin in chemotherapy-naive patients with Stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer.  
       [0011] WO 01/56552 published Aug. 9, 2001 discloses the use of an FPT inhibitor for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating advanced breast cancer. The FPT inhibitor may be used in combination with one or more other treatments for advanced breast cancer especially endocrine therapy such as an antiestrogen agent such as an estrogen receptor antagonist (e.g., tamoxifen) or a selective estrogen receptor modulator or an aromatase inhibitor. Other anti-cancer agents which may be employed include, amongst others, platinum coordination compounds (such as cisplatin or carboplatin), taxanes (such as paclitaxel or docetaxel), anti-tumor nucleoside derivatives (such as gemcitabine), and HER2 antibodies (such as trastzumab).  
       [0012] WO 01/62234 published Aug. 30, 2001 discloses a method of treatment and dosing regimen for treating mammalian tumors by the discontinuous administration of a farnesyl transferase inhibitor over an abbreviated one to five day dosing schedule. Disclosed is a regimen wherein the farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor is administered over a one to five day period followed by at least two weeks without treatment. It is disclosed that in previous studies farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors have been shown to inhibit the growth of mammalian tumors when administered as a twice daily dosing schedule. It is further disclosed that the administration of a farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor in a single dose daily for one to five days produced a marked suppression of tumor growth lasting one to at least 21 days. It is also disclosed that the FTI may be used in combination with one or more other anti-cancer agents such as, platinum coordination compounds (e.g., cisplatin or carboplatin), taxane compounds (e.g., paclitaxel or docetaxel), anti-tumor nucleoside derivatives (e.g., gemcitabine), HER2 antibodies (e.g., trastzumab), and estrogen receptor antagonists or selective estrogen receptor modulators (e.g., tamoxifen).  
       [0013] WO 01/64199 published Sep. 7, 2001 discloses a combination of particular FPT inhibitors with taxane compounds (e.g., paclitaxel or docetaxel) useful in the treatment of cancer.  
       [0014] In view of the current interest in inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase, a welcome contribution to the art would be compounds useful for the inhibition of farnesyl protein transferase. Such a contribution is provided by this invention.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0015] This invention provides compounds useful for the inhibition of farnesyl protein transferase (FPT). The FPT inhibitor compounds of this invention are represented by the formula:  
                 
 
       [0016] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein:  
       [0017] one of a, b, c and d represents N or N + O − , and the remaining a, b, c, and d groups represent carbon, wherein each carbon has an R 1  or R 2  group bound to said carbon; or  
       [0018] each of a, b, c, and d is carbon, wherein each carbon has an R 1  or R 2  group bound to said carbon;  
       [0019] the dotted line (---) represents optional bonds;  
       [0020] X represents N or CH when the optional bond (to C11) is absent, and represents C when the optional bond (to C11) is present;  
       [0021] when the optional bond is present between carbon atom 5 (i.e., C-5) and carbon atom 6 (i.e., C-6) (i.e., there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6) then there is only one A substituent bound to C-5 and there is only one B substituent bound to C-6 and A or B is other than H;  
       [0022] when the optional bond is not present between carbon atom 5 and carbon atom 6 (i.e., there is a single bond between C-5 and C-6) then there are two A substituents bound to C-5, wherein each A substituent is independently selected, and two B substituents bound to C-6, wherein each B substituent is independently selected, and wherein at least one of the two A substituents or one of the two B substituents are H, and wherein at least one of the two A substituents or one of the two B substituents is other than H, (i.e., when there is a single bond between C-5 and C-6 one of the four substituents (A, A, B, and B) is H and one is other than H);  
       [0023] A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0024] (1) —H;  
       [0025] (2) —R 9 ;  
       [0026] (3) —R 9 —C(O)—R 9 ;  
       [0027] (4) —R 9 —CO 2 —R 9a ;  
       [0028] (5) —(CH 2 ) p R 26 ;  
       [0029] (6) —C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , wherein each R 9  is the same or different;  
       [0030] (7) —C(O)NHR 9 ;  
       [0031] (8) —C(O)NH—CH 2 —C(O)—NH 2 ;  
       [0032] (9) —C(O)NHR 26 ;  
       [0033] (10) —(CH 2 ) p C(R 9 )—O—R 9a ;  
       [0034] (11) —(CH 2 ) p (R 9 ) 2 , wherein each R 9  is the same or different;  
       [0035] (12) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)R 9 ;  
       [0036] (13) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)R 10 ;  
       [0037] (14) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , wherein each R 9  is the same or different;  
       [0038] (15) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)NH(R 9 );  
       [0039] (16) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)N(R 26 ) 2 , wherein each R 26  is the same or different;  
       [0040] (17) —(CH 2 ) p N(R 9 )—R 9a ,(e.g. —CH 2 —N(CH 2 -pyridine)-CH 2 -imidazole);  
       [0041] (18) —(CH 2 ) p N(R 26 ) 2 , wherein R 26  is the same or different (e.g., —(CH 2 ) p —NH—CH 2 —CH 3 );  
       [0042] (19) —(CH 2 ) p NHC(O)R 50 ;  
       [0043] (20) —(CH 2 ) p NHC(O) 2 R 50 ;  
       [0044] (21) —(CH 2 ) p N(C(O)R 27a ) 2  wherein each R 27a  is the same or different;  
       [0045] (22) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)R 27 ;  
       [0046] (23) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)R 27  wherein R 51  is not H, and R 51  and R 27  taken together with the atoms to which they are bound form a 5 or 6 membered heterocycloalkyl ring consisting;  
       [0047] (24) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)NR 27 ;  
       [0048] (25) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)NR 27  wherein R 51  is not H, and R 51  and R 27  taken together with the atoms to which they are bound form a 5 or 6 membered heterocycloalkyl ring;  
       [0049] (26) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)N(R 27a ) 2 , wherein each R 27 , is the same or different;  
       [0050] (27) —(CH 2 ) p NHSO 2 N(R 51 ) 2 , wherein each R 51  is the same or different;  
       [0051] (28) —(CH 2 ) p NHCO 2 R 50 ;  
       [0052] (29) —(CH 2 ) p NC(O)NHR 51 ;  
       [0053] (30) —(CH 2 ) p CO 2 R 51 ;  
       [0054] (31) —NHR 9 ;  
       [0055] (32)  
                 
 
       [0056] wherein R 30  and R 31  are the same or different, and each p is independently selected;  
                 
 
       [0057] wherein R 30 , R 31 , R 32  and R 33  are thesame or different;  
       [0058] (34)-alkenyl-CO 2 R 9a ;  
       [0059] (35)-alkenyl-C(O)R 9a ;  
       [0060] (36)-alkenyl-CO 2 R 51 ;  
       [0061] (37)-alkenyl-C(O)—R 27a ;  
       [0062] (38) (CH 2 ) p -alkenyl-CO 2 —R 51 ;  
       [0063] (37) —(CH 2 ) p C═NOR 51 ; and  
       [0064] (39) —(CH 2 ) p -phthalimid;  
       [0065] p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;  
       [0066] each R 1  and R 2  is independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0067] (1) H;  
       [0068] (2) Halo;  
       [0069] (3) —CF 3 ,  
       [0070] (4) —OR 10 ;  
       [0071] (5) —COR 10 ;  
       [0072] (6) —SR 10 ;  
       [0073] (7) —S(O) t R 15  wherein t is 0, 1 or 2;  
       [0074] (8) —N(R 10 ) 2 ;  
       [0075] (9) —NO 2 ;  
       [0076] (10) —OC(O)R 10 ;  
       [0077] (11) —CO 2 R 10 ;  
       [0078] (12) —CO 2 R 10 ;  
       [0079] (13) —CN;  
       [0080] (14) —NR 10 COOR 15 ;  
       [0081] (15) —SR 15 C(O)OR 15 ;  
       [0082] (16) —SR 15 N(R 13 ) 2  provided that R 15  in —SR 15 N(R 13 ) 2  is not —CH 2  and wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of: H and —C(O)OR 15 ;  
       [0083] (17) benzotriazol-1-yloxy;  
       [0084] (18) tetrazol-5-ylthio;  
       [0085] (19) substituted tetrazol-5-ylthio;  
       [0086] (20) alkynyl;  
       [0087] (21) alkenyl; and  
       [0088] (22) alkyl,  
       [0089] said alkyl or alkenyl group optionally being substituted with halogen, —OR 10  or —CO 2 R 10 ;  
       [0090] R 3  and R 4  are the same or different and each independently represent H, and any of the substituents of R 1  and R 2 ;  
       [0091] R 5 , R 6 , R 7  and R 7a  each independently represent: H, —CF 3 , —COR 10 , alkyl or aryl, said alkyl or aryl optionally being substituted with —S(O) t R 10 , —NR 10 COOR 15 , —C(O)R 10 , or —CO 2 R 10 , or R 5  is combined with R 6  to represent ═O or ═S;  
       [0092] R 8  is selected from the group consisting of:  
                 
 
       [0093] R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0094] (1) unsubstituted heteroaryl;  
       [0095] (2) substituted heteroaryl;  
       [0096] (3) arylalkoxy;  
       [0097] (4) substituted arylalkoxy;  
       [0098] (5) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0099] (6) substituted heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0100] (7) heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0101] (8) substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0102] (9) unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0103] (10) substituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0104] (11) unsubstituted heteroarylalkenyl;  
       [0105] (12) substituted heteroarylalkenyl;  
       [0106] (13) unsubstituted heteroarylalkynyl; and  
       [0107] (14) substituted heteroarylalkynyl;  
       [0108] wherein said substituted R 9  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0109] (1) —OH;  
       [0110] (2) —CO 2 R 14 ;  
       [0111] (3) —CH 2 OR 14 ,  
       [0112] (4) halogen (e.g. Br, Cl or F),  
       [0113] (5) alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or t-butyl);  
       [0114] (6) amino;  
       [0115] (7) trityl;  
       [0116] (8) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0117] (9) cycloalkyl, (e.g., cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl);  
       [0118] (10) arylalkyl;  
       [0119] (11) heteroaryl;  
       [0120] (12) heteroarylalkyl and  
                 
 
       [0121] wherein R 14  is independently selected from: H; alkyl; aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl and heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0122] R 9a  is selected from the group consisting of: alky and arylalkyl;  
       [0123] R 10  is selected from the group consisting of: H; alkyl; aryl and arylalkyl;  
       [0124] R 11  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0125] (1) alkyl;  
       [0126] (2) substituted alkyl;  
       [0127] (3) unsubstituted aryl;  
       [0128] (4) substituted aryl;  
       [0129] (5) unsubstituted cycloalkyl;  
       [0130] (6) substituted cycloalkyl;  
       [0131] (7) unsubstituted heteroaryl;  
       [0132] (8) substituted heteroaryl;  
       [0133] (9) heterocycloalkyl; and  
       [0134] (10) substituted heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0135] wherein said substituted alkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, and substituted heterocycloalkyl R 11  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents, provided that selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0136] (1) —OH;  
       [0137] (2) fluoro; and  
       [0138] (3) alkyl; and  
       [0139] wherein said substituted aryl and substituted heteroaryl R 11  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0140] (1) —OH;  
       [0141] (2) halogen (e.g. Br, Cl or F); and  
       [0142] (3) alkyl;  
       [0143] R 11a  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0144] (1) H;  
       [0145] (2) OH;  
       [0146] (3) alkyl;  
       [0147] (4) substituted alkyl;  
       [0148] (5) aryl;  
       [0149] (6) substituted aryl;  
       [0150] (7) unsubstituted cycloalkyl;  
       [0151] (8) substituted cycloalkyl;  
       [0152] (9) unsubstituted heteroaryl;  
       [0153] (10) substituted heteroaryl;  
       [0154] (11) heterocycloalkyl; and  
       [0155] (12) substituted heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0156] wherein said substituted alkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, and substituted heterocycloalkyl R 11a  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0157] (1) —OH;  
       [0158] (2) —CN;  
       [0159] (3) —CF 3 ;  
       [0160] (4) fluoro;  
       [0161] (5) alkyl;  
       [0162] (6) cycloalkyl;  
       [0163] (7) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0164] (8) arylalkyl;  
       [0165] (9) heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0166] (10) alkenyl and  
       [0167] (11) heteroalkenyl; and  
       [0168] wherein said substituted aryl and substituted heteroaryl R 11a  groups have one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0169] (1) —OH;  
       [0170] (2) —CN;  
       [0171] (3) —CF 3 ;  
       [0172] (4) halogen (e.g Br, Cl or F);  
       [0173] (5) alkyl;  
       [0174] (6) cycloalkyl;  
       [0175] (7) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0176] (8) arylalkyl;  
       [0177] (9) heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0178] (10) alkenyl; and  
       [0179] (11) heteroalkenyl;  
       [0180] R 12  is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, piperidine Ring V, cycloalkyl, and -alkyl-(piperidine Ring V);  
       [0181] R 15  is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl and aryl;  
       [0182] R 21 , R 22  and R 46  are independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0183] (1) —H;  
       [0184] (2) alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or t-butyl);  
       [0185] (3) unsubstituted aryl, (e.g. phenyl);  
       [0186] (4) substituted aryl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, halogen, CF 3  and OH;  
       [0187] (5) unsubstituted cycloalkyl, (e.g. cyclohexyl);  
       [0188] (6) substituted cycloalkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, halogen, CF 3  and OH;  
       [0189] (7) heteroaryl of the formula,  
                 
 
       [0190] (8) heterocycloalkyl of the formula:  
                 
 
       [0191] (i.e., piperidine Ring V) wherein R 44  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0192] (a) —H,  
       [0193] (b) alkyl, (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or t-butyl);  
       [0194] (c) alkylcarbonyl (e.g., CH 3 C(O)—);  
       [0195] (d) alkyloxy carbonyl (e.g., —C(O)O-t-C 4 H 9 , —C(O)OC 2 H 5 , and —C(O)OCH 3 );  
       [0196] (e) haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl); and  
       [0197] (f) —C(O)NH(R 51 );  
       [0198] R 26  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0199] (1) —H;  
       [0200] (2) alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or t-butyl);  
       [0201] (3) alkoxyl (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy);  
       [0202] (4) —CH 2 —CN;  
       [0203] (5) R 9 ;  
       [0204] (6) —CH 2 CO 2 H;  
       [0205] (7) —C(O)alkyl; and  
       [0206] (8) CH 2 CO 2 alkyl;  
       [0207] R 27  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0208] (1) —H;  
       [0209] (2) —OH;  
       [0210] (3) alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl); and  
       [0211] (4) alkoxy;  
       [0212] R 27a  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0213] (1) alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl); and  
       [0214] (2) alkoxy;  
       [0215] R 30 , R 31 , R 32  and R 33  are independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0216] (1) —H;  
       [0217] (2) —OH;  
       [0218] (3) ═O;  
       [0219] (4) alkyl;  
       [0220] (5) aryl (e.g. phenyl);  
       [0221] (6) arylalkyl (e.g. benzyl);  
       [0222] (7) —OR 9a ;  
       [0223] (8) —NH 2 ;  
       [0224] (9) —NHR 9a ; and  
       [0225] (10) —N(R 9a ) 2  wherein each R 9a  is independently selected;  
       [0226] R 50  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0227] (1) alkyl;  
       [0228] (2) unsubstituted heteroaryl;  
       [0229] (3) substituted heteroary; and  
       [0230] (4) amino;  
       [0231] wherein said substituents on said substituted R 50  groups are independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl); halogen (e.g., Br, Cl, and F); and —OH;  
       [0232] R 51  is selected from the group consisting of: H, and alkyl (e.g.; methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and t-butyl); and  
       [0233] provided that a ring carbon atom adjacent to a ring heteroatom in a substituted heterocycloalkyl moiety is not substituted with a heteroatom or a halo atom; and  
       [0234] provided that a ring carbon atom, that is not adjacent to a ring heteroatom, in a substituted heterocycloalkyl moiety, is not substituted with more than one heteroatom; and  
       [0235] provided that a ring carbon atom, that is not adjacent to a ring heteroatom, in a substituted heterocycloalkyl moiety, is not substituted with a heteroatom and a halo atom; and  
       [0236] provided that a ring carbon in a substituted cycloalkyl moiety is not substituted with more than one heteroatom; and  
       [0237] provided that a carbon atom in a substituted alkyl moiety is not substituted with more than one heteroatom; and  
       [0238] provided that the same carbon atom in a substituted alkyl moiety is not substituted with both heteroatoms and halo atoms.  
       [0239] This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.  
       [0240] This invention also provides a method of inhibiting farnesyl protein transferase in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula 1.0.  
       [0241] This invention also provides methods of treating (or inhibiting) tumors (i.e., cancers) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula 1.0.  
       [0242] This invention also provides methods of treating (or inhibiting) tumors (i.e., cancers) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula 1.0 in combination with at least one chemotherapeutic agent (also know in the art as antineoplastic agent or anticancer agent).  
       [0243] This invention also provides methods of treating (or inhibiting) tumors (i.e., cancers) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula 1.0 in combination with at least one chemotherapeutic agent (also know in the art as antineoplastic agent or anticancer agent) and/or radiation.  
       [0244] This invention also provides methods of treating (or inhibiting) tumors (i.e., cancers) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula 1.0 in combination with at least one signal transduction inhibitor.  
       [0245] In the methods of this invention the compounds of formula 1.0 can be administered concurrently or sequentially (i.e., consecutively) with the chemotherapeutic agents or the signal transduction inhibitor.  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0246] As described herein, unless otherwise indicated, the use of a drug or compound in a specified period (e.g., once a week, or once every three weeks, etc.,) is per treatment cycle.  
       [0247] As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings unless otherwise described:  
       [0248] AUC-represents “Area Under the Curve” 
       [0249] BOC-represents tert-butyloxycarbonyl;  
       [0250] CBZ-represents —C(O)OCH 2 C 6 H 5  (i.e., benzyloxycarbonyl);  
       [0251] CH 2 Cl 2 -represents dichloromethane;  
       [0252] CIMS-represents chemical ionization mass spectrum;  
       [0253] Cmpd-represents Compound;  
       [0254] DBU-represents 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene;  
       [0255] DEAD-represents diethylazodicarboxylate;  
       [0256] DEC-represents EDCI which represents 1-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride;  
       [0257] DMF-represents N,N-dimethylformamide;  
       [0258] Et-represents ethyl;  
       [0259] Et 3 N-represents TEA which represents triethylamine;  
       [0260] EtOAc-represents ethyl acetate;  
       [0261] EtOH-represents ethanol;  
       [0262] FAB-represents FABMS which represents fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy;  
       [0263] HOBT-represents 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate;  
       [0264] HRMS-represents high resolution mass spectroscopy;  
       [0265] IPA-represents isopropanol;  
       [0266] i-PrOH-represents isopropanol;  
       [0267] Me-represents methyl;  
       [0268] MeOH-represents methanol;  
       [0269] MH + -represents the molecular ion plus hydrogen of the molecule in the mass spectrum;  
       [0270] MS-represents mass spectroscopy;  
       [0271] NMM-represents N-methylmorpholine;  
       [0272] PPh 3 -represents triphenyl phosphine;  
       [0273] Ph-represents phenyl;  
       [0274] Pr-represents propyl;  
       [0275] SEM-represents 2,2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl;  
       [0276] 5 TBDMS-represents tert-butyldimethylsilyl;  
       [0277] t-BUTYL-represents —C—(CH 3 ) 3 ;  
       [0278] TFA-represents trifluoroacetic acid;  
       [0279] THF-represents tetrahydrofuran;  
       [0280] Tr-represents trityl;  
       [0281] Tf-represents SO 2 CF 3 ;  
       [0282] at least one-represents one or more-(e.g. 1-6), more preferrably 1-4 with 1, 2 or 3 being most preferred;  
       [0283] alkenyl-represents straight and branched carbon chains having at least one carbon to carbon double bond and containing from 2-12 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and most preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms;  
       [0284] alkoxy-represents an alkyl moiety, alkyl as defined below, covalently bonded to an adjacent structural element through an oxygen atom, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and the like;  
       [0285] alkyl-represents straight and branched carbon chains and contains from one to twenty carbon atoms, preferably one to six carbon atoms, more preferably one to four carbon atoms; even more preferably one to two carbon atoms;  
       [0286] alkylcarbonyl-represents an alkyl group, as defined above, covalently bonded to a carbonyl moiety (—CO—), for example, —COCH 3 ;  
       [0287] alkyloxycarbonyl-represents an alkyl group, as defined above, covalently bonded to a carbonyl moiety (—CO—) through an oxygen atom, for example, —C(O)—OC 2 H 5 ;  
       [0288] alkynyl-represents straight and branched carbon chains having at least one carbon to carbon triple bond and containing from 2-12 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and most preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms;  
       [0289] amino-represents an —NH 2  moiety;  
       [0290] antineoplastic agent-represents a chemotherapeutic agent effective against cancer;  
       [0291] aryl-represents a carbocyclic group containing from 6 to 15 carbon atoms in the unsubstituted carbocyclic group and having at least one aromatic ring (e.g., aryl is a phenyl ring), with all available substitutable carbon atoms of the carbocyclic group being intended as possible points of attachment of said aryl group, said aryl group being unsubstituted or substituted, said substituted aryl group having one or more (e.g., 1 to 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halo, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, phenoxy, CF 3 , —C(O)N(R 18 ) 2 , —SO 2 R 18 , —SO 2 N(R 18 ) 2 , amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —COOR 23  and —NO 2  (preferably said substitutents are independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 6  alkyl), halogen (e.g., Cl and Br), —CF 3  and —OH), wherein each R 18  is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl and cycloalkyl, and wherein R 23  is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl and aryl;  
       [0292] arylalkyl-represents an alkyl group, as defined above, substituted with an aryl group, as defined above;  
       [0293] arylheteroalkyl-represents a heteroalkyl group, as defined below, substituted with an aryl group, as defined above;  
       [0294] aryloxy-represents an aryl moiety, as defined above, covalently bonded to an adjacent structural element through an oxygen atom, for example, —O-phenyl (i.e., phenoxy);  
       [0295] compound-with reference to the antineoplastic agents, includes the agents that are antibodies;  
       [0296] concurrently-represents (1) simultaneously in time (e.g., at the same time), or (2) at different times during the course of a common treatment schedule;  
       [0297] consecutively-means one following the other;  
       [0298] cycloalkyl-represents saturated carbocyclic rings of from 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the unsubstituted ring, preferably 3 to 7 carbon atoms, said cycloalkyl ring being unsubstituted or substituted, said substituted cycloalkyl ring having one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl (e.g., methyl and ethyl), halogen, —CF 3  and —OH; for example, 1-substituted cycloalkyl rings, such as, for example,  
                 
 
       [0299] wherein said alkyl is generally a C 1 -C 6  alkyl group, usually a C 1 -C 2  alkyl group, and preferably a methyl group; thus, examples of cycloalkyl rings substituted at the 1-position with methyl include but are not limited to:  
                 
 
       [0300] cycloalkylalkyl-represents an alkyl group, as defined above, substituted with a cycloalkyl group, as defined above;  
       [0301] different-as used in the phrase “different antineoplastic agents” means that the agents are not the same compound or structure; preferably, “different” as used in the phrase “different antineoplastic agents” means not from the same class of antineoplastic agents; for example, one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and another antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound;  
       [0302] effective amount-represents a therapeutically effective amount; for example, the amount of the compound (or drug), or radiation, that results in: (a) the reduction, alleviation or disappearance of one or more symptoms caused by the cancer, (b) the reduction of tumor size, (c) the elimination of the tumor, and/or (d) long-term disease stabilization (growth arrest) of the tumor; for example, in the treatment of lung cancer (e.g., non small cell lung cancer) a therapeutically effective amount is that amount that alleviates or eliminates cough, shortness of breath and/or pain; also, for example, a therapeutically effective amount of the FPT inhibitor is that amount which results in the reduction of farnesylation; the reduction in farnesylation may be determined by the analysis of pharmacodynamic markers such as Prelamin A and HDJ-2 (DNAJ-2) using techniques well known in the art;  
       [0303] halo (or halogen)-represents fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo;  
       [0304] haloalkyl-represents an alkyl group, as defined above, substituted with a halo group;  
       [0305] heteroatom-represents a O, N or S atom;  
       [0306] heteroalkenyl-represents straight and branched carbon chains having at least one carbon to carbon double bond and containing from two to twenty carbon atoms, preferably two to six carbon atoms interrupted by 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of: —O—, —S— and —N—, provided that when there is more than one heteroatom, the heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another;  
       [0307] heteroalkyl-represents straight and branched carbon chains containing from one to twenty carbon atoms, preferably one to six carbon atoms interrupted by 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of: —O—, —S— and —N—, provided that when there is more than one heteroatom, the heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another;  
       [0308] heteroalkynyl-represents straight and branched carbon chains having at least one carbon to carbon triple bond and containing from two to twenty carbon atoms, preferably two to six carbon atoms interrupted by 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisiting of: —O—, —S— and —N-provided that when there is more than one heteroatom, the heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another;  
       [0309] heteroaryl-represents unsubstituted or substituted cyclic groups, having at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: O, S or N (provided that any O and S atoms are not adjacent to one another), said heteroaryl group comprises O and S atoms, said heteroatom interrupting a carbocyclic ring structure and having a sufficient number of delocalized pi electrons to provide aromatic character, with the unsubstituted heteroaryl group preferably containing from 2 to 14 carbon atoms, wherein said substituted heteroaryl group is substitued with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) of the same or different R 3A  (as defined for formula 1.1) groups, examples of heteroaryl groups include but are not limited to: e.g., 2- or 3-furyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2-, 4- or 5-thiazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-imidazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, 3-, 5- or 6-[1,2,4-triazinyl], 3- or 5-[1,2,4-thiadizolyl], 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benzofuranyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-indolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-oxazolyl, triazolyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, or 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl N-oxide, wherein pyridyl N-oxide can be represented as:  
                 
 
       [0310] heteroarylalkenyl-represents an alkenyl group, as defined above, substituted with a heteroaryl group, as defined below;  
       [0311] heteroarylalkyl-represents an alkyl group, as defined above, substituted with a heteroaryl group, as defined above;  
       [0312] heterocycloalkylalkyl-represents an alkyl group, as defined above, substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group, as defined below;  
       [0313] heterocycloalkyl-represents a saturated carbocylic ring containing from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, which carbocyclic ring is interrupted by 1 to 3 hetero groups selected from the group consisting of: —O—, —S— or —NR wherein R is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, aryl, and —C(O)N(R 18 ) 2  wherein R 18  is as above defined, examples of heterocycloalkyl groups include but are not limited to: 2- or 3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2- or 3-tetrahydrothienyl, 2-, 3- or 4-piperidinyl, 2- or 3-pyrrolidinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-piperizinyl, 2- or 4-dioxanyl, morpholinyl, and  
                 
 
       [0314] heterocycloalkylalkyl-represents an alkyl group, as defined above, substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group, as above;  
       [0315] “in association with”-means, in reference to the combination therapies of the invention, that the agents or components are adminstered concurrently or sequentially;  
       [0316] patient-represents a mammal, such as a human;  
       [0317] sequentially-represents (1) administration of one component of the method ((a) compound of the invention, or (b) chemotherapeutic agent, signal transduction inhibitor and/or radiation therapy) followed by administration of the other component or components; after adminsitration of one component, the next component can be administered substantially immediately after the first component, or the next component can be administered after an effective time period after the first component; the effective time period is the amount of time given for realization of maximum benefit from the administration of the first component.  
       [0318] The positions in the tricyclic ring system are:  
                 
 
       [0319] A “+” or a “−” in Ring II in the compounds below indicates the “(+)-isomer” or “(−)-isomer”, respectively.  
       [0320] As well known in the art, a bond drawn from a particular atom wherein no moiety is depicted at the terminal end of the bond indicates a methyl group bound through that bond to the atom. For example:  
                 
 
       [0321] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the compounds of formula 1.0 are also represented by compounds of formula 1.1:  
                 
 
       [0322] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein:  
       [0323] (A) one of a, b, c and d represents N or N + O − , and the remaining a, b, c, and d groups represent CR 1  (i.e., carbon with an R 1  group) wherein each R 1  group on each carbon is the same or different; or  
       [0324] (B) each a, b, c, and d group represents CR 1  (i.e., carbon with an R 1  group) wherein each R 1  group on each carbon is the same or different;  
       [0325] (C) the dotted lines (---) represent optional bonds;  
       [0326] (D) X represents N or CH when the optional bond (to C11) is absent, and represents C when the optional bond (to C11) is present;  
       [0327] (E) when the optional bond is present between carbon atom 5 (i.e., C-5) and carbon atom 6 (i.e., C-6) (i.e., there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6) then there is only one A substituent bound to C-5 and there is only one B substituent bound to C-6, and A or B is other than H;  
       [0328] (F) when the optional bond is not present between carbon atoms 5 and 6 (i.e., there is a single bond between C-5 and C-6) then:  
       [0329] (1) there are two A substituents bound to C-5 wherein each A substituent is independently selected; and  
       [0330] (2) there are two B substituents bound to C-6 wherein each B substituent is independently selected; and  
       [0331] (3) at least one of the two A substituents or one of the two B substituents are H; and  
       [0332] (4) at least one of the two A substituents or one of the two B substituants is other than H; (i.e., when there is a single bond between C-5 and C-6 one of the four substituents;  
       [0333] (G) A and B is independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0334] (1) —H;  
       [0335] (2) —R 9 ;  
       [0336] (3) —R 9 —C(O)—R 9 ;  
       [0337] (4) —R 9 —CO 2 —R 9a ;  
       [0338] (5) —(CH 2 ) p R 26 ;  
       [0339] (6) —C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , wherein each R 9  is the same or different;  
       [0340] (7) —C(O)NHR 9 ;  
       [0341] (8) —C(O)NH—CH 2 —C(O)—NH 2 ;  
       [0342] (9) —C(O)NHR 26 ;  
       [0343] (10) —(CH 2 ) p C(R 9 )—O—R 9a ;  
       [0344] (11) —(CH 2 ) p-1 CH(R 9 ) 2 , provided that p is not 0, and wherein each R 9  is the same or different;  
       [0345] (12) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)R 9 ;  
       [0346] (13) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)R 27a ;  
       [0347] (14) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , wherein each R 9  is the same or different;  
       [0348] (15) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)NH(R 9 );  
       [0349] (16) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)N(R 26 ) 2 , wherein each R 26  is the same or different;  
       [0350] (17) —(CH 2 ) p N(R 9 )—R 9a  (e.g. —CH 2 —N(CH 2 -pyridine)-CH 2 -imidazole);  
       [0351] (18) —(CH 2 ) p N(R 26 ) 2 , wherein each R 26  is the same or different (e.g., —(CH 2 ) p —NH—CH 2 —CH 3 );  
       [0352] (19) —(CH 2 ) p NHC(O)R 50 ;  
       [0353] (20) —(CH 2 ) p NHC(O) 2 R 50 ;  
       [0354] (21) —(CH 2 ) p N(C(O)R 27a ) 2  wherein each R 27a  is the same or different;  
       [0355] (22) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)R 27 ,  
       [0356] (23) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)R 27  wherein R 51  is not H, and R 51  and R 27  taken together with the atoms to which they are bound form a 5 or 6 membered heterocycloalkyl ring;  
       [0357] (24) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)NR 27 ,  
       [0358] (25) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)NR 27  wherein R 51  is not H, and R 51  and R 27  taken together with the atoms to which they are bound form a 5 or 6 membered heterocycloalkyl ring;  
       [0359] (26) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)N(R 27a ) 2 , wherein each R 27a  is the same or different;  
       [0360] (27) —(CH 2 ) p NHSO 2 N(R 51 ) 2 , wherein each R 51  is the same or different;  
       [0361] (28) —(CH 2 ) p NHCO 2 R 51 ;  
       [0362] (29) —(CH 2 ) p NC(O)NHR 51 ;  
       [0363] (30) —(CH 2 ) p CO 2 R 51 ;  
       [0364] (31) —NHR 9 ;  
       [0365] (32)  
                 
 
       [0366] wherein R 30  and R 31  are the same or different, and each p is independently selected;  
       [0367] (33)  
                 
 
       [0368] wherein R 30 , R 31 , R 32  and R 33  are the same or different;  
       [0369] (34)-alkenyl-CO 2 R 9a ;  
       [0370] (35)-alkenyl-C(O)R 9a ;  
       [0371] (36)-alkenyl-CO 2 R 51 ;  
       [0372] (37)-alkenyl-C(O)—R 27a ;  
       [0373] (38) (CH 2 ) p -alkenyl-CO 2 —R 51 ;  
       [0374] (39) —(CH 2 ) p C═NOR 51 ; and  
       [0375] (40) —(CH 2 ) p -Phthalimid;  
       [0376] (H) p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;  
       [0377] (I) R 1  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0378] (1) H;  
       [0379] (2) halo;  
       [0380] (3) —CF 3 ;  
       [0381] (4) —OR 10 ;  
       [0382] (5) COR 10 ;  
       [0383] (6) —SR 10 ;  
       [0384] (7) —S(O) t R 15 ;  
       [0385] (8) —N(R 10 ) 2 ;  
       [0386] (9) —NO 2 ;  
       [0387] (10) —OC(O)R 10 ;  
       [0388] (11) CO 2 R 10 ;  
       [0389] (12) —OCO 2 R 15 ;  
       [0390] (13) —CN;  
       [0391] (14) —NR 10 COOR 15 ;  
       [0392] (15) —SR 15 C(O)OR 15 ;  
       [0393] (16) —SR 15 N(R 13 ) 2  wherein each R 13  is independently selected from the group consisting of: H and —C(O)OR 15 , and provided that R 15  in —SR 15 N(R 13 ) 2  is not —CH 2 ;  
       [0394] (17) benzotriazol-1-yloxy;  
       [0395] (18) tetrazol-5-ylthio;  
       [0396] (19) substituted tetrazol-5-ylthio;  
       [0397] (20) alkynyl;  
       [0398] (21) alkenyl;  
       [0399] (22) alkyl;  
       [0400] (23) alkyl substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substitutents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, —OR 10  and —CO 2 R 10 ;  
       [0401] (24) alkenyl substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substitutents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, —OR 10  and —CO 2 R 10 ;  
       [0402] (J) Each R is independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0403] (1) halo;  
       [0404] (2) —CF 3 ;  
       [0405] (3) —OR 10 ;  
       [0406] (4) COR 10 ;  
       [0407] (5) —SR 10 ;  
       [0408] (6) —S(O) t R 15 ;  
       [0409] (7) —N(R 10 ) 2 ;  
       [0410] (8) —NO 2 ;  
       [0411] (9) —OC(O)R 10 ;  
       [0412] (10) CO 2 R 10 ;  
       [0413] (11) —OCO 2 R 15 ;  
       [0414] (12) —CN;  
       [0415] (13) —NR 10 COOR 15 ;  
       [0416] (14) —SR 15 C(O)OR 15 ;  
       [0417] (15) —SR 15 N(R 13 ) 2  wherein each R 13  is independently selected from the group consisting of: H and —C(O)OR 15 , and provided that R 15  in —SR 15 N(R 13 ) 2  is not —CH 2 ;  
       [0418] (16) benzotriazol-1-yloxy;  
       [0419] (17) tetrazol-5-ylthio;  
       [0420] (18) substituted tetrazol-5-ylthio;  
       [0421] (19) alkynyl;  
       [0422] (20) alkenyl;  
       [0423] (21) alkyl;  
       [0424] (22) alkyl substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substitutents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, —OR 10  and —CO 2 R 10 ; and  
       [0425] (23) alkenyl substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substitutents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, —OR 10  and —CO 2 R 10 ;  
       [0426] (K) m is 0, 1 or 2;  
       [0427] (L) t is 0, 1 or 2;  
       [0428] (M) R 5 , R 6 , R 7  and R 7a  are each independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0429] (1) H;  
       [0430] (2) —CF 3 ;  
       [0431] (3) —COR 10    
       [0432] (4) alkyl;  
       [0433] (5) unsubstituted aryl;  
       [0434] (6) alkyl substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) groups selected from the group consisting of: —S(O) t R 15 , —NR 10 COOR 15 , —C(O)R 10 , and —CO 2 R 10 ; and  
       [0435] (7) aryl substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) groups selected from the group consisting of: —S(O) t R 15 , —NR 10 COOR 15 , —C(O)R 10 , and —CO 2 R 10 ; or  
       [0436] (N) R 5  together with R 6  represents ═O or ═S;  
       [0437] (O) R 8  is selected from the group consisting of:  
                 
 
       [0438] (P) R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0439] (1) unsubstituted heteroaryl;  
       [0440] (2) substituted heteroaryl;  
       [0441] (3) unsubstituted arylalkoxy;  
       [0442] (4) substituted arylalkoxy;  
       [0443] (5) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0444] (6) substituted heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0445] (7) heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0446] (8) substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0447] (9) unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0448] (10) substituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0449] (11) unsubstituted heteroarylalkenyl;  
       [0450] (12) substituted heteroarylalkenyl;  
       [0451] (13) unsubstituted heteroarylalkynyl and  
       [0452] (14) substituted heteroarylalkynyl;  
       [0453] wherein said substituted R 9  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0454] (1) —OH;  
       [0455] (2) —CO 2 R 14 ;  
       [0456] (3) —CH 2 OR 14 ,  
       [0457] (4) halogen (e.g. Br, Cl or F),  
       [0458] (5) alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or t-butyl);  
       [0459] (6) amino;  
       [0460] (7) trityl;  
       [0461] (8) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0462] (9) cycloalkyl, (e.g. cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl);  
       [0463] (10) arylalkyl;  
       [0464] (11) heteroaryl;  
       [0465] (12) heteroarylalkyl and  
       [0466] (13)  
                 
 
       [0467] wherein R 14  is independently selected from the group consisting of: H; alkyl; aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl and heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0468] (Q) R 9a  is selected from the group consisting of: alky and arylalkyl;  
       [0469] (R) R 10  is selected from the group consisting of: H; alkyl; aryl and arylalkyl;  
       [0470] (S) R 11  is selected from:  
       [0471] (1) alkyl;  
       [0472] (2) substituted alkyl;  
       [0473] (3) unsubstituted aryl;  
       [0474] (4) substituted aryl;  
       [0475] (5) unsubstituted cycloalkyl;  
       [0476] (6) substituted cycloalkyl;  
       [0477] (7) unsubstituted heteroaryl;  
       [0478] (8) substituted heteroaryl;  
       [0479] (9) heterocycloalkyl; and  
       [0480] (10) substituted heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0481] wherein said substituted alkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, and substituted heterocycloalkyl R 11  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0482] (1) —OH;  
       [0483] (2) fluoro; and  
       [0484] (3) alkyl; and  
       [0485] wherein said substituted aryl and substituted heteroaryl R 11  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0486] (1) —OH;  
       [0487] (2) halogen (e.g. Br, Cl or F); and  
       [0488] (3) alkyl;  
       [0489] (T) R 11a  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0490] (1) H;  
       [0491] (2) OH;  
       [0492] (3) alkyl;  
       [0493] (4) substituted alkyl;  
       [0494] (5) unsubstituted aryl;  
       [0495] (6) substituted aryl;  
       [0496] (7) unsubstituted cycloalkyl;  
       [0497] (8) substituted cycloalkyl;  
       [0498] (9) unsubstituted heteroaryl;  
       [0499] (10) substituted heteroaryl;  
       [0500] (11) heterocycloalkyl; and  
       [0501] (12) substituted heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0502] wherein said substituted alkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, and substituted heterocycloalkyl R 11a  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0503] (1) —OH;  
       [0504] (2) —CN;  
       [0505] (3) —CF 3 ;  
       [0506] (4) fluoro;  
       [0507] (5) alkyl;  
       [0508] (6) cycloalkyl;  
       [0509] (7) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0510] (8) arylalkyl;  
       [0511] (9) heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0512] (10) alkenyl and  
       [0513] (11) heteroalkenyl; and  
       [0514] wherein said substituted aryl and substituted heteroaryl R 11a  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0515] (1) —OH;  
       [0516] (2) —CN;  
       [0517] (3) —CF 3 ;  
       [0518] (4) halogen (e.g Br, Cl or F);  
       [0519] (5) alkyl;  
       [0520] (6) cycloalkyl;  
       [0521] (7) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0522] (8) arylalkyl;  
       [0523] (9) heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0524] (10) alkenyl and  
       [0525] (11) heteroalkenyl;  
       [0526] (U) R 12  is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, piperidine Ring V, cycloalkyl, and -alkyl-(piperidine Ring V);  
       [0527] (V) R 15  is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl and aryl;  
       [0528] (W) R 21 , R 22  and R 46  are independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0529] (1) H;  
       [0530] (2) alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or t-butyl);  
       [0531] (3) unsubstituted aryl (e.g. phenyl);  
       [0532] (4) substituted aryl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, halogen, CF 3  and OH;  
       [0533] (5) unsubstituted cycloalkyl, (e.g. cyclohexyl);  
       [0534] (6) substituted cycloalkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: alkyl, halogen, CF 3  or OH;  
       [0535] (7) heteroaryl of the formula,  
                 
 
       [0536] (8) piperidine Ring V:  
                 
 
       [0537] wherein R 44  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0538] (a) H,  
       [0539] (b) alkyl, (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or t-butyl);  
       [0540] (c) alkylcarbonyl (e.g., CH 3 C(O)—);  
       [0541] (d) alkyloxy carbonyl (e.g., —C(O)O-t-C 4 H 9 , —C(O)OC 2 H 5 , and —C(O)OCH 3 );  
       [0542] (e) haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and  
       [0543] (f) —C(O)NH(R 51 );  
       [0544] (X) R 26  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0545] (1) H;  
       [0546] (2) alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or t-butyl);  
       [0547] (3) alkoxyl (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy);  
       [0548] (4) —CH 2 —CN;  
       [0549] (5) R 9 ;  
       [0550] (6) —CH 2 CO 2 H;  
       [0551] (7) —C(O)alkyl and  
       [0552] (8) CH 2 CO 2 alkyl;  
       [0553] (Y) R 27  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0554] (1) H;  
       [0555] (2) —OH;  
       [0556] (3) alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl), and  
       [0557] (4) alkoxy;  
       [0558] (Z) R 27a  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0559] (1) alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl); and  
       [0560] (2) alkoxy;  
       [0561] (AA) R 30 , R 31 , R 32  and R 33  are independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0562] (1) —H;  
       [0563] (2) —OH;  
       [0564] (3) ═O;  
       [0565] (4) alkyl;  
       [0566] (5) aryl (e.g. phenyl);  
       [0567] (6) arylalkyl (e.g. benzyl);  
       [0568] (7) —OR 9a ;  
       [0569] (8) —NH 2 ;  
       [0570] (9) —NHR 9a ; and  
       [0571] (10) —N(R 9a ) 2  wherein each R 9a  is independently selected;  
       [0572] (AB) R 50  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0573] (1) alkyl;  
       [0574] (2) unsubstituted heteroaryl;  
       [0575] (3) substituted heteroaryl; and  
       [0576] (4) amino;  
       [0577] wherein said substituents on said substituted heteroaryl group are independently selected from one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substitutents selected from the group consisting of: alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl); halogen (e.g., Br, Cl, or F); and —OH;  
       [0578] (AC) R 51  is selected from the group consisting of: —H and alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and t-butyl); and  
       [0579] provided that a ring carbon atom adjacent to a ring heteroatom in a substituted heterocycloalkyl moiety is not substituted with a heteroatom or a halo atom; and  
       [0580] provided that a ring carbon atom, that is not adjacent to a ring heteroatom, in a substituted heterocycloalkyl moiety, is not substituted with more than one heteroatom; and  
       [0581] provided that a ring carbon atom, that is not adjacent to a ring heteroatom, in a substituted heterocycloalkyl moiety, is not substituted with a heteroatom and a halo atom; and  
       [0582] provided that a ring carbon in a substituted cycloalkyl moiety is not substituted with more than one heteroatom; and  
       [0583] provided that a carbon atom in a substituted alkyl moiety is not substituted with more than one heteroatom; and  
       [0584] provided that the same carbon atom in a substituted alkyl moiety is not substituted with both heteroatoms and halo atoms.  
       [0585] When there is a single bond between C-5 and C-6, then there are two A substituents bound to C-5 and there are two B substituents bound to C-6 
                 
 
       [0586] and each A and each B are independently selected, and at least one of the two A substituents or one of the two B substituents is H, and at least one of the two A substituents or one of the two B substituants is other than H (i.e., when there is a single bond between C-5 and C-6 one of the four substituents (A, A, B, and B) is H and one is other than H).  
       [0587] The substituted R 9  groups can be substitued on any portion of the group that has substitutable carbon atoms. For example, a group that has a ring moiety (e.g., a heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl ring) bound to a hydrocarbon moiety (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl) can be substituted on the ring moiety and/or the hydrocarbon moiety.  
       [0588] Thus, for example, substitued heteroarylalkyl can be substituted on the heteroaryl moiety and/or the alkyl moiety.  
       [0589] Piperidine Ring V includes the rings:  
                 
 
       [0590] Examples of Ring V include, but are not limited to:  
                 
 
       [0591] One embodiment of this invention is directed to compounds of formula 1.1 having the formula:  
                 
 
       [0592] wherein:  
       [0593] (1) a, b, c, d, R 3A , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 7a , R 8  and X are as defined for formula 1.1;  
       [0594] (2) B is the group:  
                 
 
       [0595] (3) in said B group:  
       [0596] (a) p of the —(CH 2 ) p — moiety is 0;  
       [0597] (b) p of the  
                 
 
       [0598]  moiety is 1 to 3, preferably 1 to 2, most preferably 1;  
       [0599] (c) when p is 1 for the moiety  
                 
 
       [0600]  then R 30  is selected from the group consisting of: —OH or —NH 2  (preferably —OH), and R 31  is alkyl, most preferably C 1 -C 6  alkyl, more preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl, still more preferably C 1 -C 2  alkyl, and even more preferably methyl;  
       [0601] (d) when p is 2 or 3 for the moiety  
                 
 
       [0602]  then: (1) for one —CR 30 R 31 — moiety, R 30  is selected from the group consisting of: —OH or —NH 2  (preferably —OH), and R 31  is alkyl, most preferably C 1 -C 6  alkyl, more preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl, still more preferably C 1 -C 2  alkyl, and even more preferably methyl; and (2) for the remaining —CR 30 R 31 — moieties R 30  and R 31  are hydrogen; and  
       [0603] (e) R 9  is unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., imidazolyl) or substituted heteroaryl, preferably substituted heteroaryl, most preferably heteroaryl substituted with alkyl (e.g., methyl), more preferably substituted imidazolyl, still more preferably imidazolyl substituted with alkyl, even more preferably imidazolyl substituted with methyl, yet more preferably imidazolyl substituted on a ring nitrogen with methyl, provided that when said heteroaryl group contains nitrogen in the ring, then said heteroaryl group is not bound by a ring nitrogen to the adjacent —CR 30 R 31 — moiety when R 30  is —OH or —NH 2 .  
       [0604] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to compounds of formula 1.1 having the formula:  
                 
 
       [0605] wherein:  
       [0606] (1) R 8  and X are as defined for formula 1.0;  
       [0607] (2) B is the group:  
                 
 
       [0608] (3) in said B group:  
       [0609] (a) p of the —(CH 2 ) p — moiety is 0;  
       [0610] (b) p of the  
                 
 
       [0611]  moiety is 1 to 3, preferably 1 to 2, most preferably 1;  
       [0612] (c) when p is 1 for the moiety  
                 
 
       [0613]  then R 30  is selected from the group consisting of: —OH or —NH 2  (preferably —OH), and R 31  is alkyl, most preferably C 1 -C 6  alkyl, more preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl, still more preferably C 1 -C 2  alkyl, and even more preferably methyl;  
       [0614] (d) when p is 2 or 3 for the moiety  
                 
 
       [0615]  then: (1) for one —CR 30 R 31 — moiety, R 30  is selected from the group consisting of: —OH or —NH 2  (preferably —OH), and R 31  is alkyl, most preferably C 1 -C 6  alkyl, more preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl, still more preferably C 1 -C 2  alkyl, and even more preferably methyl; and (2) for the remaining —CR 30 R 31 — moieties R 30  and R 31  are hydrogen; and  
       [0616] (e) R 9  is unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., imidazolyl) or substituted heteroaryl, preferably substituted heteroaryl, most preferably heteroaryl substituted with alkyl (e.g., methyl), more preferably substituted imidazolyl, still more preferably imidazolyl substituted with alkyl, even more preferably imidazolyl substituted with methyl, yet more preferably imidazolyl substituted on a ring nitrogen with methyl, provided that when said heteroaryl group contains nitrogen in the ring, then said heteroaryl group is not bound by a ring nitrogen to the adjacent —CR 30 R 31 — moiety when R 30  is —OH or —NH 2 ;  
       [0617] (4) a is N;  
       [0618] (5) b, c and d are CR 1  groups wherein all of said R 1  substituents are H, or one R 1  substituent is halo (e.g., Br, Cl or F) and the remaining two R 1  substituents are hydrogen;  
       [0619] (6) m is 1, and R 3A  is halo (e.g., Br or Cl), or m is 2 and each R 3A  is the same or different halo (e.g., Br or Cl); and  
       [0620] (7) R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 7a  are H.  
       [0621] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to compounds of formula 1.1 having the formula:  
                 
 
       [0622] wherein:  
       [0623] (1) R 8  are as defined for formula 1.0;  
       [0624] (2) B is the group:  
                 
 
       [0625] (3) in said B group:  
       [0626] (a) p of the —(CH 2 ) p — moiety is 0;  
       [0627] (b) p of the  
                 
 
       [0628]  moiety is 1 to 3, preferably 1 to 2, most preferably 1;  
       [0629] (c) when p is 1 for the moiety  
                 
 
       [0630]  then R 30  is selected from the group consisting of: —OH or —NH 2  (preferably —OH), and R 31  is alkyl, most preferably C 1 -C 6  alkyl, more preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl still more preferably C 1 -C 2  alkyl, and even more preferably methyl;  
       [0631] (d) when p is 2 or 3 for the moiety  
                 
 
       [0632]  then: (1) for one —CR 30 R 31 — moiety, R 30  is selected from the group consisting of: —OH or —NH 2  (preferably —OH), and R 31  is alkyl, most preferably C 1 -C 6  alkyl, more preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl, still more preferably C 1 -C 2  alkyl, and even more preferably methyl; and (2) for the remaining —CR 30 R 31 — moieties R 30  and R 31  are hydrogen; and  
       [0633] (e) R 9  is unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., imidazolyl) or substituted heteroaryl, preferably substituted heteroaryl, most preferably heteroaryl substituted with alkyl (e.g., methyl), more preferably substituted imidazolyl, still more preferably imidazolyl substituted with alkyl, even more preferably imidazolyl substituted with methyl, yet more preferably imidazolyl substituted on a ring nitrogen with methyl, provided that when said heteroaryl group contains nitrogen in the ring, then said heteroaryl group is not bound by a ring nitrogen to the adjacent —CR 30 R 31 — moiety when R 30  is —OH or —NH 2 ;  
       [0634] (4) a is N;  
       [0635] (5) b, c and d are CR 1  groups wherein all of said R 1  substituents are H, or one R 1  substituent is halo (e.g., Br, Cl or F) and the remaining two R 1  substituents are hydrogen;  
       [0636] (6) m is 1, and R 3A  is halo (e.g., Br or Cl), or m is 2 and each R 3A  is the same or different halo (e.g., Br or Cl);  
       [0637] (7) X is N or CH; and  
       [0638] (8) R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 7a  are H.  
       [0639] In another embodiment, R 8  is 2.0 in formula 1.2 wherein R 11  is as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0640] In another embodiment, R 8  is 3.0 in formula 1.2 wherein R 11  is as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0641] In another embodiment, R 8  is 4.0 in formula 1.2 wherein R 11a  and R 12  are as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0642] In another embodiment, R 8  is 5.0 in formula 1.2 wherein R 21 , R 22 , and R 46  are as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0643] In another embodiment, R 8  is 2.0 in formula 1.3 wherein R 11  is as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0644] In another embodiment, R 8  is 3.0 in formula 1.3 wherein R 11  is as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0645] In another embodiment, R 8  is 4.0 in formula 1.3 wherein R 11a  and R 12  are as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0646] In another embodiment, R 8  is 5.0 in formula 1.3 wherein R 21 , R 22 , and R 46  are as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0647] In another embodiment, R 8  is 2.0 in formula 1.4 wherein R 11  is as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0648] In another embodiment, R 8  is 3.0 in formula 1.4 wherein R 11  is as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0649] In another embodiment, R 8  is 4.0 in formula 1.4 wherein R 11a  and R 12  are as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0650] In another embodiment, R 8  is 5.0 in formula 1.4 wherein R 21 , R 22 , and R 46  are as defined for formula 1.0.  
       [0651] Preferably, in formulas 1.3 and 1.4, all R 1  substituents are H, or R 1  at C-3 is halo and R 1  at C-2 and C-4 is hydrogen, most preferably all R 1  substituents are hydrogen.  
       [0652] Preferably, in formulas 1.3 and 1.4, when m is 1 then R 3A  is preferably Cl at the C-8 position.  
       [0653] In formulas 1.3 and 1.4, when m is 2, then the substitution is 7,8-dihalo, or 8,10-dihalo.  
       [0654] Preferably, in formulas 1.3 and 1.4, the optional double bond between C5 and C6 is present, i.e., preferably there is a double bond between C5 and C6.  
       [0655] Preferably, in formulas 1.2 and 1.3× is N.  
       [0656] Preferably, in formula 1.4× is N.  
       [0657] A preferred embodiment of this invention is directed to compounds of formula 1.4 having the formula:  
                 
 
       [0658] wherein all substituents are as defined for formula 1.4. Preferably R 8  is 2.0, most preferably 2.0 wherein R 11  is alkyl, and more preferably 2.0 wherein R 11  is t-butyl.  
       [0659] A preferred embodiment of the invention is directed to compounds of formula 1.5 having the formula:  
                 
 
       [0660] wherein all substituents are as defined for formula 1.4. Preferably R 8  is 2.0, most preferably 2.0 wherein R 11  is alkyl, and more preferably 2.0 wherein R 11  is t-butyl.  
       [0661] Thus, one embodiment of the invention is directed to compounds of formula 1.5 having the formula:  
                 
 
       [0662] wherein all substituents are as defined for formula 1.4. Preferably R 8  is 2.0, most preferably 2.0 wherein R 11  is alkyl, and more preferably 2.0 wherein R 11  is t-butyl.  
       [0663] Another embodiment of the invention is directed to compounds of formula 1.5 having the formula:  
                 
 
       [0664] wherein all substituents are as defined for formula 1.4. Preferably R 8  is 2.0, most preferably 2.0 wherein R 11  is alkyl, and more preferably 2.0 wherein R 11  is t-butyl.  
       [0665] In formulas 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.7, R 9  is preferably:  
                 
 
       [0666] The compounds of formula 1.0 include the R isomer:  
                 
 
       [0667] wherein:  
       [0668] X is N or CH;  
       [0669] a is N or C(N or CR 1  in 1.1A); and  
       [0670] the optional bond between C-5 and C-6 is present and B is H, or the optional bond between C-5 and C-6 is absent and each B is H.  
       [0671] The compounds of formula 1.0 also include the S isomer:  
                 
 
       [0672] wherein:  
       [0673] X is N or CH;  
       [0674] a is N or C (a is N or CR 1  in 1.1B); and  
       [0675] the optional bond between C-5 and C-6 is present and A is H, or the optional bond between C-5 and C-6 is absent and each A is H.  
       [0676] In one embodiment of the compounds of formula 1.0, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  are independently selected from the group consisting of: H and halo, more preferably H, Br, F and Cl, and even more preferably H and Cl. Representative compounds of formula 1.0 include dihalo (e.g., 3,8-dihalo) and monohalo (e.g., 8-halo) substituted compounds, such as, for example: (a) 3-bromo-8-chloro, (b) 3,8-dichloro, (c) 3-bromo, (d) 3-chloro, (e) 3-fluoro, (f) 8-chloro or (g) 8-bromo.  
       [0677] In one embodiment of the compounds of formula 1.1, each R 1  is independently selected from the group consisting of: H and halo, most preferably H, Br, F and Cl, and more preferably H and Cl. Each R 3  is independently selected from the group consisting of: H and halo, most preferably H, Br, F and Cl, and more preferably H and Cl. Representative compounds of formula 1.1 include dihalo (e.g., 3,8-dihalo) and monohalo (e.g., 3-halo or 8-halo) substituted compounds, such as, for example: (a) 3-bromo-8-chloro, (b) 3,8-dichloro, (c) 3-bromo, (d) 3-chloro, (e) 3-fluoro, (f) 8-chloro or (g) 8-bromo.  
       [0678] In one embodiment of the invention, substituent a in compounds of formula 1.0 is preferably C or N, with N being preferred, and substituent a in compounds of formula 1.1 is CR 1  or N, with N being preferred.  
       [0679] In one embodiment of the invention, R 8  in compounds of formula 1.0 is selected from the group consisting of:  
                 
 
       [0680] In one embodiment of the invention, R 8  in compounds of formula 1.0 is 2.0 or 4.0; and preferably R 8  is 2.0.  
       [0681] In one embodiment of the invention, for compounds of formula 1.0, R 11a  is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted cyloalkyl and substituted cycloalkyl, wherein:  
       [0682] (1) said substituted aryl and substituted heteroaryl R 11a  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halo (preferably F or Cl), cyano, —CF 3 , and alkyl;  
       [0683] (2) said substituted cycloalkyl R 11a  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: fluoro, cyano, —CF 3 , and alkyl; and  
       [0684] (3) said substituted alkyl R 11a  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substituents selected from the group consisting of: fluoro, cyano and CF 3 .  
       [0685] In one embodiment of the invention, for compounds of formula 1.0, R 11a  is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted cyloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl, wherein:  
       [0686] (1) said substituted aryl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halo, (preferably F or Cl), —CN and CF 3 ; and  
       [0687] (2) said substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: fluoro, —CN and CF 3 .  
       [0688] In one embodiment of the invention, for compounds 1.0, R 11a  is selected from the group consisting of: methyl, t-butyl, phenyl, cyanophenyl, chlorophenyl, fluorophenyl, and cyclohexyl. In another embodiment, R 11a  is selected from the group consisting of: t-butyl, cyanophenyl, chlorophenyl, fluorophenyl and cyclohexyl. In another embodiment, R 11a  is cyanophenyl (e.g., p-cyanophenyl).  
       [0689] In one embodiment of the invention, for compounds of formula 1.0, R 11  is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl, wherein said substituted cycloalkyl group is substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: fluoro and alkyl (preferably methyl or t-butyl). Examples of R 11  groups include: methyl, ethyl, propyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl or substituted cyclohexyl. In one embodiment of the invention, R 11  is selected from the group consisting of: methyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl and fluorocyclohexyl (preferably p-fluorocyclohexyl). In one embodiment of the invention, R 11  is selected from the group consisting of: methyl, t-butyl, and cyclohexyl. In one embodiment of the invention R 11  is t-butyl or cyclohexyl. In one embodiment of the invention R 11  is t-butyl for 2.0, and R 11  is methyl for 3.0.  
       [0690] In one embodiment of the invention, for compounds of formula 1.0, R 12  is selected from the group consisting of: H and methyl. In one embodiment of the invention, R 12  is H.  
       [0691] In one embodiment of the invention, for compounds of formula 1.0, R 5 , R 6 , R 7  and R 7a  are H.  
       [0692] In one embodiment of the invention, for compounds of formula 1.0, R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0693] (1) unsubstituted heteroaryl;  
       [0694] (2) substituted heteroaryl;  
       [0695] (3) arylalkoxy;  
       [0696] (4) substituted arylalkoxy;  
       [0697] (5) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0698] (6) substituted heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0699] (7) heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0700] (8) substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0701] (9) heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0702] (10) substituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0703] (11) heteroarylalkenyl and  
       [0704] (12) substituted heteroarylalkenyl;  
       [0705] wherein said substituted R 9  groups are substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0706] (1) —OH;  
       [0707] (2) —CO 2 R 4 , wherein R 14  is selected from the group consisting of: H and alkyl (e.g., methyl and ethyl), preferably alkyl, most preferably methyl or ethyl;  
       [0708] (3) alkyl substituted with one or more —OH groups (e.g., 1, 2, or 3, preferably 1), for example, —(CH 2 ) q OH wherein, q is 1-4, with q=1 being preferred;  
       [0709] (4) halo (e.g., Br, F, I, or Cl);  
       [0710] (5) alkyl, usually C 1 -C 6  alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl or butyl, preferably isopropyl, or t-butyl);  
       [0711] (6) amino;  
       [0712] (7) trityl;  
       [0713] (8) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0714] (9) arylalkyl (e.g. benzyl);  
       [0715] (10) heteroaryl (e.g. pyridyl) and  
       [0716] (11) heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0717] In one embodiment of the invention, for the compounds of formula 1.0, R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0718] (1) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0719] (2) substituted heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0720] (3) heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0721] (4) substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0722] (5) unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0723] (6) substituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0724] (7) unsubstituted heteroarylalkenyl and  
       [0725] (8) substituted heteroarylalkenyl;  
       [0726] wherein said substituted R 9  groups are substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0727] (1) —OH;  
       [0728] (2)-CO 2 R 14  wherein R 14  is selected from the group consisting of: H and alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl), preferably alkyl, and most preferably methyl and ethyl;  
       [0729] (3) alkyl, substituted with one or more —OH groups (e.g., 1, 2, or 3, preferably 1), for example —(CH 2 ) q OH wherein, q is 1-4, with q=1 being preferred.  
       [0730] (4) halo (e.g., Br or Cl);  
       [0731] (5) alkyl, usually C 1 -C 6  alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or t-butyl, most preferably t-butyl);  
       [0732] (6) amino;  
       [0733] (7) trityl;  
       [0734] (8) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0735] (9) arylalkyl;  
       [0736] (10) heteroaryl and  
       [0737] (11) heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0738] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0739] (1) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0740] (2) substituted heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0741] (3) heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0742] (4) substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0743] (5) unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0744] (6) substituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0745] (7) unsubstituted heteroarylalkenyl and  
       [0746] (8) substituted heteroarylalkenyl;  
       [0747] wherein said substituted R 9  groups are substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0748] (1) halo (e.g., Br, or Cl);  
       [0749] (2) alkyl, usually C 1 -C 6  alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or t-butyl, most preferably t-butyl);  
       [0750] (3) alkyl, substituted with one or more (i.e. 1, 2, or 3, preferably 1) —OH groups, (e.g. —(CH 2 ) q OH wherein q is 1-4, with q=1 being preferred).  
       [0751] (4) amino;  
       [0752] (5) trityl;  
       [0753] (6) arylalkyl, and  
       [0754] (7) heteroarylalkyl.  
       [0755] In one embodiment of the invention, R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0756] (1) heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0757] (2) substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0758] (3) unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl and  
       [0759] (4) substituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0760] wherein said substituted R 9  groups are substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0761] (1) halo (e.g., Br, or Cl);  
       [0762] (2) alkyl, usually C 1 -C 6  alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and t-butyl, most preferably t-butyl);  
       [0763] (3) amino; and  
       [0764] (4) trityl.  
       [0765] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0766] (1) heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0767] (2) substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0768] (3) unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl and  
       [0769] (4) substituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0770] wherein said substituted R 9  groups are substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0771] (1) halo (e.g., Br, or Cl); and  
       [0772] (2) alkyl, usually C 1 -C 6  alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or t-butyl, most preferably t-butyl).  
       [0773] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0774] (1) piperidinyl;  
       [0775] (2) piperizinyl;  
       [0776] (3) —(CH 2 ) p -piperidinyl;  
       [0777] (4) —(CH 2 ) p -piperizinyl;  
       [0778] (5) —(CH 2 ) p -morpholinyl and  
       [0779] (6) —(CH 2 ) p -imidazolyl;  
       [0780] wherein p is 0 to 1, and wherein the ring moiety of each R 9  group is optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0781] (1) halo (e.g., Br, or Cl); and  
       [0782] (2) alkyl, usually C 1 -C 6  alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 4  alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or t-butyl, most preferably t-butyl).  
       [0783] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0784] (1)-piperizinyl;  
       [0785] (2) —(CH 2 ) p -piperidinyl;  
       [0786] (3) —(CH 2 ) p -imidazolyl; and  
       [0787] (4) —(CH 2 ) p -morpholinyl,  
       [0788] wherein p is 1 to 4, and the ring moiety of each R 9  group is optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl.  
       [0789] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, R 9  is selected from the group consisting of: —(CH 2 )-imidazolyl, wherein said imidazolyl ring is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituants, preferably 1, independently selected from the group consisting of: methyl or ethyl.  
       [0790] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, R 9  is —(CH 2 )-(2-methyl)-imidazolyl.  
       [0791] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, at least one of R 21 , R 22  and R 46  is other than H or alkyl. In one embodiment of the invention, R 21  and R 22  is H and R 46  is other than H or alkyl. In one embodiment of the invention, R 21  and R 22  is H and R 46  is selected from the group consisting of: heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl.  
       [0792] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, said heteroaryl groups for said R 21 , R 22  or R 46  are independently selected from the group consisting of: 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl-N-Oxide and 4-pyridyl-N-Oxide. In one embodiment of the invention, said heteroaryl groups for said R 21 , R 22  or R 46  are independently selected from the group consisting of: 4-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl-N-Oxide. In one embodiment of the invention, said heteroaryl group for said R 21 , R 22  or R 46  is 4-pyridyl-N-Oxide.  
       [0793] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, said heterocycloalkyl groups for R 21 , R 22 , or R 46  are selected from piperidines of Ring V:  
                 
 
       [0794] wherein R 44  is —C(O)NHR 51 . In one embodiment of the invention, R 51  is —C(O)NH 2 . In one embodiment of the invention, piperidine Ring V is:  
                 
 
       [0795] and in one embodiment of the invention Ring V is:  
                 
 
       [0796] Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, R 21 , R 22  and R 46  are independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0797] (1) H;  
       [0798] (2) aryl (most preferably phenyl);  
       [0799] (3) heteroaryl and  
       [0800] (4) heterocycloalkyl (i.e., Piperidine Ring V)  
       [0801] wherein at least one of R 21 , R 22 , or R 46  is other than H, and in one embodiment of the to invention R 21  and R 22  are H and R 46  is other than H, and in one embodiment of the invention R 21  and R 22  are H and R 46  is selected from the group consisting of: heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, and in one embodiment of the invention R 21  and R 22  are H and R 46  is Piperidine Ring V; wherein the definitions of heteroaryl and Piperidine Ring V are as described above.  
       [0802] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0803] (1) —H;  
       [0804] (2) —R 9 ;  
       [0805] (3) —R 9 —C(O)—R 9 ;  
       [0806] (4) —R 9 —CO 2 —R 9a ;  
       [0807] (5) —C(O)NHR 9 ;  
       [0808] (6) —C(O)NH—CH 2 —C(O)—NH 2 ;  
       [0809] (7) —C(O)NHR 26 ;  
       [0810] (8) —(CH 2 ) p (R 9 ) 2  wherein each R 9  is the same or different;  
       [0811] (9) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)R 9 ;  
       [0812] (10) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)R 27a ;  
       [0813] (11) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , wherein each R 9  is the same or different;  
       [0814] (12) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)NH(R 9 );  
       [0815] (13) —(CH 2 ) p NHC(O)R 50 ;  
       [0816] (14) —(CH 2 ) p NHC(O) 2 R 50 ;  
       [0817] (15) —(CH 2 ) p N(C(O)R 27a ) 2  wherein each R 27a  is the same or different;  
       [0818] (16) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)R 27 ;  
       [0819] (17) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)R 27  wherein R 51  is not H, and R 51  and R 27 , taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, form a 5 or 6 memebered heterocycloalkyl ring;  
       [0820] (18) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)NR 27 ;  
       [0821] (19) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)NR 27  wherein R 51  is not H, and R 51  and R 27 , taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, form a 5 or 6 membered heterocycloalkyl ring;  
       [0822] (20) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)N(R 27a ) 2 , wherein each R 27a  is the same or different;  
       [0823] (21) —(CH 2 ) p NHSO 2 N(R 51 ) 2 , wherein each R 51  is the same or different;  
       [0824] (22) —(CH 2 ) p NHCO 2 R 50 ;  
       [0825] (23) —(CH 2 ) p CO 2 R 51 ;  
       [0826] (24) —NHR 9 ;  
       [0827] (25)  
                 
 
       [0828] wherein R 30  and R 31  are the same or different and  
       [0829] (26)  
                 
 
       [0830] wherein R 30 , R 31 , R 32  and R 33  are the same or different.  
       [0831] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0832] (1) —H;  
       [0833] (2) —R 9 ;  
       [0834] (3) —R 9 —C(O)—R 9 ;  
       [0835] (4) —R 9 —CO 2 —R 9a ;  
       [0836] (5) —C(O)NHR 9 ;  
       [0837] (6) —(CH 2 ) p (R 9 ) 2 , wherein each R 9  is the same or different;  
       [0838] (7) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)R 9 ;  
       [0839] (8) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , wherein each R 9  is the same or different;  
       [0840] (9) —(CH 2 ) p C(O)NH(R 9 );  
       [0841] (10) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)R 27 ;  
       [0842] (11) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)R 27  wherein R 51  is not H, and R 51  and R 27 , taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, form a 5 or 6 membered heterocycloalkyl ring;  
       [0843] (12) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)NR 27 ;  
       [0844] (13) —(CH 2 ) p NR 51 C(O)NR 27  wherein R 51  is not H, and R 51  and R 27 , taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, form a 5 or 6 membered heterocycloalkyl ring;  
       [0845] (14) —NHR 9 ; and  
       [0846] (15)  
                 
 
       [0847] wherein R 30  and R 31  are the same or different.  
       [0848] Examples of A and B include but are not limited to:  
                 
 
       [0849] wherein p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.  
       [0850] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, when the optional bond between C-5 and C-6 is present (i.e., there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6), then one of A or B is H and the other is R 9 , and R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0851] (1) heteroaryl;  
       [0852] (2) substituted heteroaryl;  
       [0853] (3) arylalkyl;  
       [0854] (4) substituted arylalkyl;  
       [0855] (5) arylalkoxy;  
       [0856] (6) substituted arylalkoxy;  
       [0857] (7) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0858] (8) substituted heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0859] (9) heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0860] (10) substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0861] (11) unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0862] (12) substituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0863] (13) alkenyl;  
       [0864] (14) substituted alkenyl;  
       [0865] (15) unsubstituted heteroarylalkenyl; and  
       [0866] (16) substituted heteroarylalkenyl,  
       [0867] wherein said substituted R 9  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0868] (1) —OH;  
       [0869] (2) —CO 2 R 14 ;  
       [0870] (3) —CH 2 OR 14 ,  
       [0871] (4) halo,  
       [0872] (5) alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or t-butyl);  
       [0873] (6) amino;  
       [0874] (7) trityl;  
       [0875] (8) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0876] (9) arylalkyl;  
       [0877] (10) heteroaryl and  
       [0878] (11) heteroarylalkyl,  
       [0879] wherein R 14  is independently selected from the group consisting of: H; and alkyl, preferably methyl and ethyl.  
       [0880] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, when there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6, A is H and B is R 9 . In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, when there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6, A is H and B is R 9  wherein R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0881] (1) arylalkyl;  
       [0882] (2) substituted arylalkyl;  
       [0883] (3) arylalkoxy;  
       [0884] (4) substituted arylalkoxy;  
       [0885] (5) heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0886] (6) substituted heterocycloalkyl;  
       [0887] (7) heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0888] (8) substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0889] (9) unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0890] (10) substituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0891] (11) alkenyl;  
       [0892] (12) substituted alkenyl;  
       [0893] (13) unsubstituted heteroarylalkenyl; and  
       [0894] (14) substituted heteroarylalkenyl,  
       [0895] wherein said substituted R 9  groups are substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0896] (1) —OH;  
       [0897] (2) halo, (preferably Br);  
       [0898] (3) alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or t-butyl);  
       [0899] (4) amino; and  
       [0900] (5) trityl.  
       [0901] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, when there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6, A is H and B is R 9  wherein R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0902] (1) heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0903] (2) substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl;  
       [0904] (3) unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl; and  
       [0905] (4) substituted heteroarylalkyl;  
       [0906] wherein said substituents for said substituted R 9  groups are the same or different alkyl groups (e.g., C 1 -C 4  alkyl).  
       [0907] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, when there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6, A is H and B is R 9  wherein R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0908] (1) unsubstituted heteroaryl(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl; and  
       [0909] (2) substituted heteroaryl (C 1 -C 3 )alkyl;  
       [0910] wherein the substituents for said substituted R 9  group are as defined above.  
       [0911] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, when there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6, A is H and B is R 9  wherein R 9  is selected from the grooup consisting of:  
       [0912] (1) unsubstituted heteroaryl(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl, with unsubstituted heteroaryl-CH 2 — being preferred; and  
       [0913] (2) substituted heteroaryl(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl, with substituted heteroaryl-CH 2 — being preferred;  
       [0914] wherein the substituents for said substituted R 9  groups are selected from one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3, with one being preferred) of the same or different alkyl groups (e.g., —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 , —C 3 H 4 , with —CH 3  being preferred).  
       [0915] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, when there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6, A is H and B is R 9  wherein R 9  is selected from the group consisting of:  
       [0916] (1) —CH 2 -imidazolyl;  
       [0917] (2) substituted imidazolyl-CH 2 —;  
       [0918] (3) —(CH 2 ) 2 -imidazolyl;  
       [0919] (4) substituted imidazolyl-(CH 2 ) 2 —;  
       [0920] (5) —(CH 2 ) 3 -imidazolyl;  
       [0921] (6) substituted imidazolyl-(CH 2 ) 3 —;  
       [0922] (7) —CH 2 -piperazinyl and  
       [0923] (8) —CH 2 -morpholinyl;  
       [0924] wherein the substituents for said substituted R 9  groups are selected from one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3, with one being preferred) of the same or different alkyl groups (e.g., —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 , —C 3 H 4 , with —CH 3  being preferred). Preferably, the substituted imidazolyl groups are selected from the group consisting of:  
                 
 
       [0925] with the substituted imidazolyl:  
                 
 
       [0926] being most preferred.  
       [0927] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, when there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6, A is H and B is R 9  wherein R 9  is substituted imidazolyl-CH 2 —, with  
                 
 
       [0928] being preferred.  
       [0929] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, when B is H and A is R 9 , and there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6, the R 9  groups for A are those described above for B.  
       [0930] In one embodiment of the invention, for formula 1.0, when the optional bond between C-5 and C-6 is not present (i.e, there is a single bond between C-5 and C-6), each A and each B are independently selected and the definitions of A and B are the same as those described above when the optional bond is present, provided that when there is a single bond between C-5 and C-6 then one of the two A substituents or one of the two B substituents is H (i.e., when there is a single bond between C-5 and C-6 one of the four substituents (A, A, B, and B) has to be H).  
       [0931] In one embodiment of the invention, for compounds of formula 1.0, there is a double bond between C-5 and C-6.  
       [0932] Compounds of formula 1.0, having C-11 R- and S-stereochemistry include:  
                 

                 

                 

                 
 
       [0933] wherein:  
       [0934] X is N or C;  
       [0935] Q is Br or Cl; and  
       [0936] Y is alkyl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl.  
       [0937] Preferred compounds of this invention are selected from the group consisting of:  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 
 
       [0938] More preferred compounds of this invention are selected from the group consisting of:  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 
 
       [0939] Even more preferrred compounds of this invention are selected from the group consisting of:  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 
 
       [0940] Lines drawn into the ring systems indicate that the indicated bond may be attached to any of the substitutable ring carbon atoms.  
       [0941] Certain compounds of the invention may exist in different isomeric (e.g., enantiomers, diastereoisomers, atropisomers) forms. The invention contemplates all such isomers both in pure form and in admixture, including racemic mixtures. Enol forms are also included.  
       [0942] Certain tricyclic compounds will be acidic in nature, e.g. those compounds which possess a carboxyl or phenolic hydroxyl group. These compounds may form pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Examples of such salts may include sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, gold and silver salts. Also contemplated are salts formed with pharmaceutically acceptable amines such as ammonia, alkyl amines, hydroxyalkylamines, N-methylglucamine and the like.  
       [0943] Certain basic tricyclic compounds also form pharmaceutically acceptable salts, e.g., acid addition salts. For example, the pyrido-nitrogen atoms may form salts with strong acid, while compounds having basic substituents such as amino groups also form salts with weaker acids. Examples of suitable acids for salt formation are hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, citric, oxalic, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, succinic, ascorbic, maleic, methanesulfonic and other mineral and carboxylic acids well known to those in the art. The salts are prepared by contacting the free base form with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce a salt in the conventional manner. The free base forms may be regenerated by treating the salt with a suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous NaOH, potassium carbonate, ammonia and sodium bicarbonate. The free base forms differ from their respective salt forms somewhat in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents, but the acid and base salts are otherwise equivalent to their respective free base forms for purposes of the invention.  
       [0944] All such acid and base salts are intended to be pharmaceutically acceptable salts within the scope of the invention and all acid and base salts are considered equivalent to the free forms of the corresponding compounds for purposes of the invention.  
       [0945] The compounds of formula 1.0 can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms, e.g., hemi-hydrate. In general, the solvated forms, with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol and the like are equivalent to the unsolvated forms for purposes of the invention.  
       [0946] The compounds of this invention: (i) potently inhibit farnesyl protein transferase, but not geranylgeranyl protein transferase I, In vitro; (ii) block the phenotypic change induced by a form of transforming Ras which is a farnesyl acceptor but not by a form of transforming Ras engineered to be a geranylgeranyl acceptor; (iii) block intracellular processing of Ras which is a farnesyl acceptor but not of Ras engineered to be a geranylgeranyl acceptor; and (iv) block abnormal cell growth in culture induced by transforming Ras.  
       [0947] The compounds of this invention inhibit farnesyl protein transferase and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras. Thus, this invention further provides a method of inhibiting farnesyl protein transferase, (e.g., ras farnesyl protein transferase) in mammals, especially humans, by the administration of an effective amount (e.g., a therapeutically effective amount) of one or more (e.g., one) compounds of this invention. The administration of the compounds of this invention to patients, to inhibit farnesyl protein transferase, is useful in the treatment of the cancers described below.  
       [0948] This invention provides a method for inhibiting or treating the abnormal growth of cells, including transformed cells, by administering an effective amount (e.g., a therapeutically effective amount) of one or more (e.g., one) compounds of this invention. Abnormal growth of cells refers to cell growth independent of normal regulatory mechanisms (e.g., loss of contact inhibition). This includes the abnormal growth of: (1) tumor cells (tumors) expressing an activated Ras oncogene; (2) tumor cells in which the Ras protein is activated as a result of oncogenic mutation in another gene; and (3) benign and malignant cells of other proliferative diseases in which aberrant Ras activation occurs.  
       [0949] This invention also provides a method for inhibiting or treating tumor (i.e., cancer) growth by administering an effective amount (e.g., a therapeutically effective amount) of one or more (e.g., one) compounds of this invention to a mammal (e.g., a human) in need of such treatment. In particular, this invention provides a method for inhibiting or treating the growth of tumors expressing an activated Ras oncogene by the administration of an effective amount (e.g., a therapeutically effective amount) of the above described compounds.  
       [0950] The present invention also provides a method of treating proliferative diseases, especially cancers (i.e, tumors), comprising administering an effective amount (e.g., a therapeutically effective amount) of one or more (e.g., one) compounds of the invention, described herein, to a mammal (e.g., a human) in need of such treatment in combination with an effective amount of at least one anti-cancer agent (i.e., a chemotherapeutic agent) and/or radiation.  
       [0951] The present invention also provides a method of treating proliferative diseases, especially cancers (i.e., tumors), comprising administering an effective amount (e.g., a therapeutically effective amount) of one or more (e.g., one) compounds of the invention to a mammal (e.g., a human) in need of such treatment in combination with an effective amount of at least one signal transduction inhibitor.  
       [0952] Examples of proliferative diseases (tumors, i.e., cancers) which may be inhibited or treated include, but are not limited to:  
       [0953] (A) lung cancer (e.g., lung adenocarcinoma and non small cell lung cancer);  
       [0954] (B) pancreatic cancers (e.g., pancreatic carcinoma such as, for example, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma);  
       [0955] (C) colon cancers (e.g., colorectal carcinomas, such as, for example, colon adenocarcinoma and colon adenoma);  
       [0956] (D) myeloid leukemias (for example, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), CML, and CMML);  
       [0957] (E) thyroid follicular cancer;  
       [0958] (F) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS);  
       [0959] (G) bladder carcinoma;  
       [0960] (H) epidermal carcinoma;  
       [0961] (I) melanoma;  
       [0962] (J) breast cancer;  
       [0963] (K) prostate cancer;  
       [0964] (L) head and neck cancers (e.g., squamous cell cancer of the head and neck;  
       [0965] (M) ovarian cancer;  
       [0966] (N) gliomas;  
       [0967] (O) cancers of mesenchymal origin (e.g., fibrosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas);  
       [0968] (P) sarcomas;  
       [0969] (O) tetracarcinomas;  
       [0970] (R) nuroblastomas;  
       [0971] (S) kidney carcinomas; and  
       [0972] (T) hepatomas.  
       [0973] For example, embodiments of this invention are directed to the methods of treating cancers described herein wherein said cancers are selected from the group consisting of: lung cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and myeloid leukemias This invention also provides a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more (e.g., one) compounds of the invention and therapeutically effective amounts of at least two different antineoplastic agents selected from: (1) taxanes, (2) platinum coordinator compounds, (3) epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibitors that are antibodies, (4) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules, (5) vascular endolithial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors that are antibodies, (6) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules, (7) estrogen receptor antagonists or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), (8) anti-tumor nucleoside derivatives, (9) epothilones, (10) topoisomerase inhibitors, (11) vinca alkaloids, (12) antibodies or small molecules that are inhibitors of αVβ3 integrins.  
       [0974] This invention also provides a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering therapeutically effective amounts of one or more (e.g., one) compounds of the invention and an antineoplastic agent selected from: (1) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies, (2) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules, (3) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies, and (4) VEGF inhibitors that are small molecules. Radiation therapy can also be used in conjunction with the above of compounds of the invention and antineoplastic agent can also comprise the administration of a therapeutically effect amount of radiation.  
       [0975] This invention also provides a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of:  
       [0976] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.0;  
       [0977] (b) at least two different antineoplastic agents selected from:  
       [0978] (1) taxanes;  
       [0979] (2) platinum coordinator compounds;  
       [0980] (3) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
       [0981] (4) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules;  
       [0982] (5) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
       [0983] (6) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules;  
       [0984] (7) estrogen receptor antagonists or selective estrogen receptor modulators;  
       [0985] (8) anti-tumor nucleoside derivatives;  
       [0986] (9) epothilones;  
       [0987] (10) topoisomerase inhibitors;  
       [0988] (11) vinca alkaloids;  
       [0989] (12) antibodies that are inhibitors of αVβ3 integrins; or  
       [0990] (13) small molecule inhibitors of αVβ3 integrins.  
       [0991] This invention also provides a method of treating non small cell lung cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of:  
       [0992] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.0;  
       [0993] (b) at least two different antineoplastic agents selected from:  
       [0994] (1) taxanes;  
       [0995] (2) platinum coordinator compounds;  
       [0996] (3) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
       [0997] (4) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules;  
       [0998] (5) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
       [0999] (6) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules;  
       [1000] (7) estrogen receptor antagonists or selective estrogen receptor modulators;  
       [1001] (8) anti-tumor nucleoside derivatives;  
       [1002] (9) epothilones;  
       [1003] (10) topoisomerase inhibitors;  
       [1004] (11) vinca alkaloids;  
       [1005] (12) antibodies that are inhibitors of αVβ3 integrins; or  
       [1006] (13) small molecule inhibitors of αVβ3 integrins.  
       [1007] This invention also provides a method of treating non small cell lung cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of:  
       [1008] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.0;  
       [1009] (b) at least two different antineoplastic agents selected from:  
       [1010] (1) taxanes;  
       [1011] (2) platinum coordinator compounds;  
       [1012] (3) anti-tumor nucleoside derivatives;  
       [1013] (4) topoisomerase inhibitors; or  
       [1014] (5) vinca alkaloids.  
       [1015] This invention also provides a method of treating non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering therapeutically effective amounts of:  
       [1016] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.0;  
       [1017] (b) carboplatin; and  
       [1018] (c) paclitaxel.  
       [1019] This invention also provides a method of treating non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering therapeutically effective amounts of:  
       [1020] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.0;  
       [1021] (b) cisplatin; and  
       [1022] (c) gemcitabine.  
       [1023] This invention also provides a method of treating non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering therapeutically effective amounts of:  
       [1024] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.0;  
       [1025] (b) carboplatin; and  
       [1026] (c) gemcitabine.  
       [1027] This invention also provides a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering therapeutically effective amounts of:  
       [1028] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.0;  
       [1029] (b) an antineoplastic agent selected from:  
       [1030] (1) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
       [1031] (2) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules;  
       [1032] (3) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies; or  
       [1033] (4) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules.  
       [1034] This invention also provides a method of treating squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering therapeutically effective amounts of:  
       [1035] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.0;  
       [1036] (b) one or more antineoplastic agents selected from:  
       [1037] (1) taxanes; or  
       [1038] (2) platinum coordinator compounds.  
       [1039] This invention also provides a method of treating squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering therapeutically effective amounts of:  
       [1040] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.0;  
       [1041] (b) at least two different antineoplastic agents selected from:  
       [1042] (1) taxanes; or  
       [1043] (2) platinum coordinator compounds.  
       [1044] This invention is also directed to the methods of treating cancer described herein, particularly those described above, wherein in addition to the administration of the FPT inhibitor and antineoplastic agents radiation therapy is also administered during the treatment cycle.  
       [1045] It is believed that this invention also provides a method for inhibiting or treating proliferative diseases, both benign and malignant, wherein Ras proteins are aberrantly activated as a result of oncogenic mutation in other genes—i.e., the Ras gene itself is not activated by mutation to an oncogenic form—with said inhibition or treatment being accomplished by the administration of an effective amount (e.g. a therapeutically effective amount) of one or more (e.g., one) compounds of the invention to a mammal (e.g., a human) in need of such treatment. For example, the benign proliferative disorder neurofibromatosis, or tumors in which Ras is activated due to mutation or overexpression of tyrosine kinase oncogenes (e.g., neu, src, abl, lck, and fyn), may be inhibited or treated by the tricyclic compounds described herein.  
       [1046] The compounds of the invention useful in the methods of this invention inhibit or treat the abnormal growth of cells. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that these compounds may function through the inhibition of G-protein function, such as Ras p21, by blocking G-protein isoprenylation, thus making them useful in the treatment of proliferative diseases such as tumor growth and cancer.  
       [1047] Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that these compounds inhibit ras farnesyl protein transferase, and thus show antiproliferative activity against ras transformed cells.  
       [1048] The method of treating proliferative diseases (cancers, i.e., tumors), according to this invention, includes a method for treating (inhibiting) the abnormal growth of cells, including transformed cells, in a, by administering, concurrently or sequentially, an effective amount of a compound of this invention and an effective amount of a chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation.  
       [1049] In preferred embodiments, the methods of the present invention include methods for treating or inhibiting tumor growth in a patient in need of such treatment by administering, concurrently or sequentially, (1) an effective amount of a compound of this invention and (2) an effective amount of at least one antineoplastic agent, microtubule affecting agent and/or radiation therapy. For example, one embodiment of these methods is directed to a method of treating cancers selected from the group consisting of: lung cancer, prostate cancer and myeloid leukemias.  
       [1050] The methods of treating proliferative diseases, according to this invention, also include a method for treating (inhibiting) proliferative diseases, both benign and malignant, wherein ras proteins are aberrantly activated as a result of oncogenic mutation in other genes—i.e., the ras gene itself is not activated by mutation to an oncogenic form. This method comprises administering, concurrently or sequentially, an effective amount of a compound of this invention and an effective amount of an antineoplastic agent and/or radiation therapy to a patient in need of such treatment. Examples of such proliferative diseases which may be treated include: the benign proliferative disorder neurofibromatosis, or tumors in which ras is activated due to mutation or overexpression of tyrosine kinase oncogenes (e.g., neu, src, abl, lck, lyn, fyn).  
       [1051] For radiation therapy, γ-radiation is preferred.  
       [1052] The methods of treating proliferative diseases (cancers, i.e., tumors), according to this invention, also include a method for treating (inhibiting) the abnormal growth of cells, including transformed cells, in a patient in need of such treatment, by administering, concurrently or sequentially, an effective amount of a compound of this invention and an effective amount of at least one signal transduction inhibitor.  
       [1053] Typical signal transduction inhibitors include but are not limited to:  
       [1054] (i) Bcr/abl kinase inhibitors such as, for example, STI 571 (Gleevec);  
       [1055] (ii) Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor inhibitor such as, for example, Kinase inhibitors (Iressa, OSI-774) and antibodies (Imclone: C225 [Goldstein et al. (1995), Clin Cancer Res. 1:1311-1318], and Abgenix: ABX-EGF) and  
       [1056] (iii) HER-2/neu receptor inhibitors such as, for example, Herceptin® (trastuzumab).  
       [1057] Embodiments of the methods of treatment of this invention are directed to the use of a combination of drugs (compounds) for the treatment of cancer, i.e., this invention is directed to a combination therapy for the treatment of cancer. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drugs are generally administered individually as a pharmaceutical composition. The use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising more than one drug is within the scope of this invention.  
       [1058] The antineoplastic agents are usually administered in the dosage forms that are readily available to the skilled clinician, and are generally administered in their normally prescribed amounts (as for example, the amounts described in the Physician&#39;s Desk Reference, 56 th  Edition, 2002 (published by Medical Economics company, Inc. Montvale, N.J. 07645-1742 the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), or the amounts described in the manufacture&#39;s literature for the use of the agent).  
       [1059] For example, the FPT inhibitor can be administered orally (e.g., as a capsule), and the antineoplastic agents can be administered intravenously, usually as an IV solution. The use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising more than one drug is within the scope of this invention.  
       [1060] The FPT inhibitor and the antineoplastic agents are administered in therapeutically effective dosages to obtain clinically acceptable results, e.g., reduction or elimination of symptoms or of the tumor. Thus, the FPT inhibitor and antineoplastic agents can be administered concurrently or consecutively in a treatment protocol. The administration of the antineoplastic agents can be made according to treatment protocols already known in the art.  
       [1061] The FPT inhibitor and antineoplastic agents are administered in a treatment protocol that usually lasts one to seven weeks. Generally the treatment protocol lasts one to four weeks. Treatment protocols of one to three weeks may also be used. A treatment protocol of one to two weeks may also be used. During this treatment protocol or cycle the FPT inhibitor is administered daily while the antineoplastic agents are administered one or more times a week. Generally, the FPT inhibitor can be administered daily (i.e., once per day), preferably twice per day, and the antineoplastic agent is administered once a week or once every three weeks. For example, the taxanes (e.g., Taxol or Taxotere) can be administered once a week or once every three weeks.  
       [1062] However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that treatment protocols can be varied according to the needs of the patient. Thus, the combination of compounds (drugs) used in the methods of this invention can be administered in variations of the protocols described above. For example, the FPT inhibitor can be administered discontinuously rather than continuously during the treatment cycle. Thus, for example, during the treatment cycle the FPT inhibitor can be administered daily for a week and then discontinued for a week, with this administration repeating during the treatment cycle. Or the FPT inhibitor can be administered daily for two weeks and discontinued for a week, with this administration repeating during the treatment cycle. Thus, the FPT inhibitor can be administered daily for one or more weeks during the cycle and discontinued for one or more weeks during the cycle, with this pattern of administration repeating during the treatment cycle. This discontinuous treatment can also be based upon numbers of days rather than a full week. For example, daily dosing for 1 to 6 days, no dosing for 1 to 6 days with this pattern repeating during the treatment protocol. The number of days (or weeks) wherein the FPT inhibitor is not dosed does not have to equal the number of days (or weeks) wherein the FPT inhibitor is dosed. Usually, if a discontinuous dosing protocol is used, the number of days or weeks that the FPT inhibitor is dosed is at least equal or greater than the number of days or weeks that the FPT inhibitor is not dosed.  
       [1063] The antineoplastic agent could be given daily to once every week, or once every two weeks, or once every three weeks, or once every four weeks during the treatment cycle. If administered daily during a treatment cycle, this daily dosing can be discontinuous over the number of weeks of the treatment cycle. For example, dosed for a week (or a number of days), no dosing for a week (or a number of days, with the pattern repeating during the treatment cycle.  
       [1064] The FPT inhibitor can be administered orally, preferably as a solid dosage form, more preferably a capsule, and while the total therapeutically effective daily dose can be administered in one to four, or one to two divided doses per day, generally, the therapeutically effective dose is given once or twice a day, usually twice a day. The FPT inhibitor can be administered in an amount of about 50 to about 400 mg once per day, and can be administered in an amount of about 50 to about 300 mg once per day. The FPT inhibitor is generally administered in an amount of about 50 to about 350 mg twice a day, usually 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, preferably, about 75 mg to about 125 mg administered twice a day, and most preferably about 100 mg administered twice a day.  
       [1065] If the patient is responding, or is stable, after completion of the therapy cycle, the therapy cycle can be repeated according to the judgment of the skilled clinician. Upon completion of the therapy cycles, the patient can be continued on the FPT inhibitor at the same dose that was administered in the treatment protocol, or, if the dose was less than 200 mg twice a day, the dose can be raised to 200 mg twice a day. This maintenance dose can be continued until the patient progresses or can no longer tolerate the dose (in which case the dose can be reduced and the patient can be continued on the reduced dose).  
       [1066] The antineoplastic agents used with the FPT inhibitor are administered in their normally prescribed dosages during the treatment cycle. For example: (a) about 30 to about 300 mg/m 2  for the taxanes; (b) about 30 to about 100 mg/m 2  for cisplatin; (c) AUC of about 2 to about 8 for carboplatin; (d) about 2 to about 4 mg/m 2  for EGF inhibitors that are antibodies; (e) about 50 to about 500 mg/m 2  for EGF inhibitors that are small molecules; (f) about 1 to about 10 mg/m 2  for VEGF kinase inhibitors that are antibodies; (g) about 50 to about 2400 mg/m 2  for VEGF inhibitors that are small molecules; (h) about 1 to about 20 mg for SERMs; (i) about 500 to about 1250 mg/m 2  for anti-tumor nucleosides; (j) about 1 to about 100 mg/m 2  for epothilones; (k) about 1 to about 350 mg/m 2  for topoisomerase inhibitors; and (I) about 1 to about 50 mg/m 2  for vinca alkaloids.  
       [1067] For example, Taxol® can be administered once per week in an amount of about 50 to about 100 mg/m 2  with about 60 to about 80 mg/m 2  being preferred. In another example Taxol® can be administered once every three weeks in an amount of about 150 to about 225 mg/m 2  with about 175 to about 225 mg/m 2  being preferred.  
       [1068] In another example, Taxotere® can be administered once per week in an amount of about 10 to about 45 mg/m 2 . In another example Taxotere® can be administered once every three weeks in an amount of about 50 to about 100 mg/m 2 .  
       [1069] In another example cisplatin can be administered once per week in an amount of about 20 to about 40 mg/m 2 . In another example cisplatin can be administered once every three weeks in an amount of about 60 to about 100 mg/m 2 .  
       [1070] In another example carboplatin can be administered once per week in an amount to provide an AUC of about 2 to about 3. In another example carboplatin c an be administered once every three weeks in an amount to provide an AUC of about 5 to about 8.  
       [1071] Thus, in one example (e.g., treating non small cell lung cancer):  
       [1072] (1) the FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, preferably, about 75 mg to about 125 mg administered twice a day, and most preferably about 100 mg administered twice a day;  
       [1073] (2) Taxol® is administered once per week in an amount of about 50 to about 100 mg/m 2  with about 60 to about 80 mg/m 2  being preferred; and  
       [1074] (3) carboplatin is administered once per week in an amount to provide an AUC of about 2 to about 3.  
       [1075] In another example (e.g., treating non small cell lung cancer):  
       [1076] (1) the FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, preferably, about 75 mg to about 125 mg administered twice a day, and most preferably about 100 mg administered twice a day;  
       [1077] (2) Taxol® is administered once per week in an amount of about 50 to about 100 mg/m 2  with about 60 to about 80 mg/m 2  being preferred; and  
       [1078] (3) cisplatin is administered once per week in an amount of about 20 to about 40 mg/m 2 .  
       [1079] In another example (e.g., treating non small cell lung cancer):  
       [1080] (1) the FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, preferably, about 75 mg to about 125 mg administered twice a day, and most preferably about 100 mg administered twice a day;  
       [1081] (2) Taxotere® is administered once per week in an amount of about 10 to about 45 mg/m 2 ; and  
       [1082] (3) carboplatin is administered once per week in an amount to provide an AUC of about 2 to about 3.  
       [1083] In another example (e.g., treating non small cell lung cancer):  
       [1084] (1) the FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, preferably, about 75 mg to about 125 mg administered twice a day, and most preferably about 100 mg administered twice a day;  
       [1085] (2) Taxotere® is administered once per week in an amount of about 10 to about 45 mg/m 2 ; and  
       [1086] (3) cisplatin is administered once per week in an amount of about 20 to about 40 mg/m 2 .  
       [1087] Thus, in one example (e.g., treating non small cell lung cancer):  
       [1088] (1) the FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, preferably, about 75 mg to about 125 mg administered twice a day, and most preferably about 100 mg administered twice a day;  
       [1089] (2) Taxol® is administered once every three weeks in an amount of about 150 to about 225 mg/m 2 , with about 175 to about 225 mg/m 2  being preferred; and  
       [1090] (3) carboplatin is administered once every three weeks in an amount to provide an AUC of about 5 to about 8.  
       [1091] In another example (e.g., treating non small cell lung cancer):  
       [1092] (1) the FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, preferably, about 75 mg to about 125 mg administered twice a day, and most preferably about 100 mg administered twice a day;  
       [1093] (2) Taxol® is administered once every three weeks in an amount of about 150 to about 225 mg/m 2 , with about 175 to about 225 mg/m 2  being preferred; and  
       [1094] (3) cisplatin is administered once every three weeks in an amount of about 60 to about 100 mg/m 2 .  
       [1095] In another example (e.g., treating non small cell lung cancer):  
       [1096] (1) the FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, preferably, about 75 mg to about 125 mg administered twice a day, and most preferably about 100 mg administered twice a day;  
       [1097] (2) Taxotere® is administered once every three weeks in an amount of about 50 to about 100 mg/m 2 ; and  
       [1098] (3) carboplatin is administered once every three weeks in an amount to provide an AUC of about 5 to about 8.  
       [1099] In another example (e.g., treating non small cell lung cancer):  
       [1100] (1) the FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, preferably, about 75 mg to about 125 mg administered twice a day, and most preferably about 100 mg administered twice a day;  
       [1101] (2) Taxotere® is administered once every three weeks in an amount of about 50 to about 100 mg/m 2 ; and  
       [1102] (3) cisplatin is administered once every three weeks in an amount of about 60 to about 100 mg/m 2 .  
       [1103] In the above examples the Taxotere and cisplatin, the Taxotere and carboplatin, the Taxol and carboplatin, or the Taxol and cisplatin are preferably administered on the same day.  
       [1104] Antineoplastic agents that can be used in combination with the FPT inhibitor are:  
       [1105] (1) taxanes such as paclitaxel (TAXOL®) and/or docetaxel (Taxotere®);  
       [1106] (2) platinum coordinator compounds, such as, for example, carboplatin, cisplatin and oxaliplatin;  
       [1107] (3) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies, such as: HER2 antibodies (such as, for example trastuzumab (Herceptin®), Genentech, Inc.), Cetuximab (Erbitux, IMC-C225, ImClone Systems), EMD 72000 (Merck KGaA), anti-EFGR monoclonal antibody ABX (Abgenix), TheraCIM-h-R 3  (Center of Molecular Immunology), monoclonal antibody 425 (Merck KGaA), monoclonal antibody ICR-62 (ICR, Sutton, England); Herzyme (Elan Pharmaceutical Technologies and Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals), PKI 166 (Novartis), EKB 569 (Wyeth-Ayerst), GW 572016 (GlaxoSmithKline), CI 1033 (Pfizer Global Research and Development), trastuzmab-maytansinoid conjugate (Genentech, Inc.), mitumomab (Imclone Systems and Merck KGaA) and Melvax II (Imclone Systems and Merck KgaA);  
       [1108] (4) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules, such as, Tarceva (TM) (OSI-774, OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), and Iressa (ZD 1839, Astra Zeneca);  
       [1109] (5) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies such as: bevacizumab (Genentech, Inc.), and IMC-1C11 (ImClone Systems), DC 101 (a KDR VEGF Receptor 2 from ImClone Systems);  
       [1110] (6) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules such as SU 5416 and SU 6688 (both from Sugen, Inc.);  
       [1111] (7) estrogen receptor antagonists or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as tamoxifen, idoxifene, raloxifene, trans-2,3-dihydroraloxifene, levormeloxifene, droloxifene, MDL 103,323, and acolbifene (Schering Corp.);  
       [1112] (8) anti-tumor nucleoside derivatives such as 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine or capecitabine;  
       [1113] (9) epothilones such as BMS-247550 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), and EP0906 (Novartis Pharmaceuticals);  
       [1114] (10) topoisomerase inhibitors such as topotecan (Glaxo SmithKline), and Camptosar (Pharmacia);  
       [1115] (11) vinca alkaloids, such as, navelbine (Anvar and Fabre, France), vincristine and vinblastine; and  
       [1116] (12) antibodies that are inhibitors of αVβ3 integrins, such as, LM-609 (see, Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 6, page 3056-3061, August 2000, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).  
       [1117] Preferred antineoplastic agents are selected from: paclitaxel, docetaxel, carboplatin, cisplatin, gemcitabine, tamoxifen, Herceptin, Cetuximab, Tarceva, Iressa, bevacizumab, navelbine, IMC-1C11, SU5416 or SU6688. Most preferred antineoplastic agents are selected from: paclitaxel, docetaxel, carboplatin, cisplatin, navelbine, gemcitabine, or Herceptin.  
       [1118] In general when more than one antineoplastic agent is used in the methods of this invention, the antineoplastic agents are administered on the same day either concurrently or consecutively in their standard dosage form. For example, the antineoplastic agents are usually administered intravenously, preferably by an IV drip using IV solutions well known in the art (e.g., isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) or dextrose solution (e.g., 5% dextrose)).  
       [1119] When two or more antineoplastic agents are used, the antineoplastic agents are generally administered on the same day; however, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the antineoplastic agents can be administered on different days and in different weeks. The skilled clinician can administer the antineoplastic agents according to their recommended dosage schedule from the manufacturer of the agent and can adjust the schedule according to the needs of the patient, e.g., based on the patient&#39;s response to the treatment. For example, when gemcitabine is used in combination with a platinum coordinator compound, such as, for example, cisplatin, to treat lung cancer, both the gemcitabine and the cisplatin are given on the same day on day one of the treatment cycle, and then gemcitabine is given alone on day 8 and given alone again on day 15  
       [1120] Thus, one embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, a taxane, and a platinum coordination compound.  
       [1121] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, a taxane, and a platinum coordination compound, wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered every day, said taxane is administered once per week per cycle, and said platinum coordinator compound is administered once per week per cycle. Preferably the treatment is for one to four weeks per cycle.  
       [1122] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, a taxane, and a platinum coordination compound, wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered every day, said taxane is administered once every three weeks per cycle, and said platinum coordinator compound is administered once every three weeks per cycle. Preferably the treatment is for one to three weeks per cycle.  
       [1123] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, paclitaxel, and carboplatin. Preferably, said FPT inhibitor is administered every day, said paclitaxel is administered once per week per cycle, and said carboplatin is administered once per week per cycle. Preferably the treatment is for one to four weeks per cycle.  
       [1124] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, paclitaxel, and carboplatin. Preferably, said FPT inhibitor is administered every day, said paclitaxel is administered once every three weeks per cycle, and said carboplatin is administered once every three weeks per cycle. Preferably the treatment is for one to three weeks per cycle.  
       [1125] Preferably, non small cell lung cancer is treated in the methods described in the above embodiments.  
       [1126] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method for treating non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering daily a therapeutically effective amount of the FPT inhibitor, administering a therapeutically effective amount of carboplatin once a week per cycle, and administering a therapeutically effective amount of paclitaxel once a week per cycle, wherein the treatment is given for one to four weeks per cycle. Preferably said FPT inhibitor is administered twice per day. Preferably said carboplatin and said paclitaxel are administered on the same day, and more preferably said carboplatin and said paclitaxel are administered consecutively, and most preferably said carboplatin is administered after said paclitaxel.  
       [1127] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method for treating non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering daily a therapeutically effective amount of the FPT inhibitor, administering a therapeutically effective amount of carboplatin once every three weeks per cycle, and administering a therapeutically effective amount of paclitaxel once every three weeks per cycle, wherein the treatment is given for one to three weeks. Preferably said FPT inhibitor is administered twice per day. Preferably said carboplatin and said paclitaxel are administered on the same day, and more preferably said carboplatin and said paclitaxel are administered consecutively, and most preferably said carboplatin is administered after said paclitaxel.  
       [1128] A preferred embodiment of this invention is directed to a method for treating non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering about 50 to about 200 mg of the FPT inhibitor twice a day, administering carboplatin once per week per cycle in an amount to provide an AUC of about 2 to about 8 (preferably about 2 to about 3), and administering once per week per cycle about 60 to about 300 mg/m 2  (preferably about 50 to 110 mg/m 2 , more preferably about 60 to about 80 mg/m 2 ) of paclitaxel, wherein the treatment is given for one to four weeks per cycle. In a more preferred embodiment said FPT inhibitor is administered in amount of about 75 to about 125 mg twice a day, with about 100 mg twice a day being preferred. Preferably said carboplatin and said paclitaxel are administered on the same day, and more preferably said carboplatin and said paclitaxel are administered consecutively, and most preferably said carboplatin is administered after said paclitaxel.  
       [1129] In another preferred embodiment, this invention is directed to a method for treating non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering about 50 to about 200 mg of the FPT inhibitor twice a day, administering carboplatin once every three weeks per cycle in an amount to provide an AUC of about 2 to about 8 (preferably about 5 to about 8), and administering once every three weeks per cycle about 150 to about 225 mg/m 2  (preferably about 175 to about 225 mg/m 2 ) of paclitaxel, wherein the treatment is given for one to three weeks. In a more preferred embodiment said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 75 to about 125 mg twice a day, with about 100 mg twice a day being preferred. Preferably said carboplatin and said paclitaxel are administered on the same day, and more preferably said carboplatin and said paclitaxel are administered consecutively, and most preferably said carboplatin is administered after said paclitaxel.  
       [1130] Other embodiments of this invention are directed to methods of treating cancer as described in the above embodiments except that in place of paclitaxel and carboplatin the taxanes and platinum coordinator compounds used together in the methods are: (1) docetaxel (Taxotere®) and cisplatin; (2) paclitaxel and cisplatin; and (3) docetaxel and carboplatin. In the methods of this invention cisplatin is preferably used in amounts of about 30 to about 100 mg/m 2 . In the methods of this invention docetaxel is preferably used in amounts of about 30 to about 100 mg/m 2 .  
       [1131] In another embodiment this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, a taxane, and an EGF inhibitor that is an antibody. Preferably the taxane used is paclitaxel, and preferably the EGF inhibitor is a HER2 antibody (more preferably Herceptin) or Cetuximab, and most preferably Herceptin is used. The length of treatment, and the amounts and administration of the FPT inhibitor and the taxane are as described in the embodiments above. The EGF inhibitor that is an antibody is administered once a week per cycle, and is preferably administered on the same day as the taxane, and more preferably is administered consecutively with the taxane. For example, Herceptin is administered in a loading dose of about 3 to about 5 mg/m 2  (preferably about 4 mg/m 2 ), and then is administered in a maintenance dose of about 2 mg/m 2  once per week per cycle for the remainder of the treatment cycle (usually the cycle is 1 to 4 weeks). Preferably the cancer treated is breast cancer.  
       [1132] In another embodiment this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of:  
       [1133] (1) the FPT inhibitor;  
       [1134] (2) a taxane; and  
       [1135] (3) an antineoplastic agent selected from:  
       [1136] (a) an EGF inhibitor that is a small molecule;  
       [1137] (b) a VEGF inhibitor that is an antibody; or  
       [1138] (c) a VEGF kinase inhibitor that is a small molecule.  
       [1139] Preferably, the taxane paclitaxel or docetaxel is used. Preferably the antineoplastic agent is selected from: tarceva, Iressa, bevacizumab, SU5416 or SU6688. The length of treatment, and the amounts and administration of the FPT inhibitor and the taxane are as described in the embodiments above. The VEGF kinase inhibitor that is an antibody is usually given once per week per cycle. The EGF and VEGF inhibitors that are small molecules are usually given daily per cycle. Preferably, the VEGF inhibitor that is an antibody is given on the same day as the taxane, and more preferably is administered concurrently with the taxane. When the EGF inhibitor that is a small molecule or the VEGF inhibitor that is a small molecule is administered on the same day as the taxane, the administration is preferably concurrently with the taxane. The EGF or VEGF kinase inhibitor is generally administered in an amount of about 10 to about 500 mg/m 2 . Preferably the cancer treated is non small cell lung cancer.  
       [1140] In another embodiment this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, an anti-tumor nucleoside derivative, and a platinum coordination compound.  
       [1141] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, an anti-tumor nucleoside derivative, and a platinum coordination compound, wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered every day, said anti-tumor nucleoside derivative is administered once per week per cycle, and said platinum coordinator compound is administered once per week per cycle. Although the treatment can be for one to four weeks per cycle, the treatment is preferably for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
       [1142] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, an anti-tumor nucleoside derivative, and a platinum coordination compound, wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered every day, said an anti-tumor nucleoside derivative is administered once per week per cycle, and said platinum coordinator compound is administered once every three weeks per cycle. Although the treatment can be for one to four weeks per cycle, the treatment is preferably for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
       [1143] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, gemcitabine, and cisplatin. Preferably, said FPT inhibitor is administered every day, said gemcitabine is administered once per week per cycle, and said cisplatin is administered once per week per cycle. Preferably the treatment is for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
       [1144] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, gemcitabine, and cisplatin. Preferably, said FPT inhibitor is administered every day, said gemcitabine is administered once per week per cycle, and said cisplatin is administered once every three weeks per cycle. Preferably the treatment is for one to seven weeks.  
       [1145] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, gemcitabine, and carboplatin. Preferably, said FPT inhibitor is administered every day, said gemcitabine is administered once per week per cycle, and said carboplatin is administered once per week per cycle. Preferably the treatment is for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
       [1146] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, gemcitabine, and carboplatin. Preferably, said FPT inhibitor is administered every day, said gemcitabine is administered once per week per cycle, and said carboplatin is administered once every three weeks per cycle. Preferably the treatment is for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
       [1147] Preferably, non small cell lung cancer is treated in the methods using gemcitabine in the embodiments described above.  
       [1148] In the above embodiments using gemcitabine, the FPT inhibitor and the platinum coordinator compound are administered as described above for the embodiments using taxanes. Gemcitabine is administered in an amount of about 500 to about 1250 mg/m 2 . The gemcitabine is preferably administered on the same day as the platinum coordinator compound, and more preferably consecutively with the platinum coordinator compound, and most preferably the gemcitabine is administered after the platinum coordinator compound.  
       [1149] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient the FPT inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent selected from: (1) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies, (2) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules, (3) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies, and (4) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules all as described above. The treatment is for one to seven weeks per cycle, and generally for one to four weeks per cycle. The FPT inhibitor is administered in the same manner as described above for the other embodiments of this invention. The small molecule antineoplastic agents are usually administered daily, and the antibody antineoplastic agents are usually administered once per week per cycle. The antineoplastic agents are preferably selected from: Herceptin, Cetuximab, Tarceva, Iressa, bevacizumab, IMC-1C11, SU5416 or SU6688. Preferably non small cell lung cancer is treated.  
       [1150] In the embodiments of this invention wherein a platinum coordinator compound is used as well as at least one other antineoplastic agent, and these drugs are administered consecutively, the platinum coordinator compound is generally administered after the other antineoplastic agents have been administered.  
       [1151] Other embodiments of this invention include the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of radiation to the patient in addition to the administration of the FPT inhibitor and antineoplastic agents in the embodiments described above. Radiation is administered according to techniques and protocols well know to those skilled in the art.  
       [1152] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least two different antineoplastic agents and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for intravenous administration. Preferably the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is an isotonic saline solution (0.9% NaCl) or a dextrose solution (e.g., 5% dextrose).  
       [1153] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the FPT inhibitor and at least two different antineoplastic agents and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for intravenous administration. Preferably the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is an isotonic saline solution (0.9% NaCl) or a dextrose solution (e.g., 5% dextrose).  
       [1154] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the FPT inhibitor and at least one antineoplastic agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for intravenous administration. Preferably the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is an isotonic saline solution (0.9% NaCl) or a dextrose solution (e.g., 5% dextrose).  
       [1155] In the method of treating embodiments, and in the pharmaceutical composition embodiments, the FPT inhibitor is preferably a compound of formula 1.4, most preferably a compound of formula 1.5, more preferably a compound of 1.6 or 1.7, still more preferably a compound selected from the group consisting of:  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 
 
       [1156] even more preferably a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       [1157] yet even more preferably a compound selected from the group consisting of:  
                 
 
       [1158] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the compounds (drugs) used in the methods of this invention are available to the skilled clinician in pharmaceutical compositions (dosage forms) from the manufacture and are used in those compositions. So, the recitation of the compound or class of compounds in the above described methods can be replaced with a recitation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the particular compound or class of compounds. For example, the embodiment directed to a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of the FPT inhibitor, a taxane, and a platinum coordination compound, includes within its scope a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment therapeutically effective amounts of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the FPT inhibitor (1.0), a pharmaceutical composition comprising a taxane, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a platinum coordination compound.  
       [1159] The actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Determination of the proper dosage for a particular situation is within the skill of the art.  
       [1160] The amount and frequency of administration of the FPT inhibitor and the antineoplastic agents will be regulated according to the judgment of the attending clinician (physician) considering such factors as age, condition and size of the patient as well as severity of the cancer being treated.  
       [1161] The antineoplastic agent can be administered according to therapeutic protocols well known in the art. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the administration of the antineoplastic agent can be varied depending on the cancer being treated and the known effects of the antineoplastic agent on that disease. Also, in accordance with the knowledge of the skilled clinician, the therapeutic protocols (e.g., dosage amounts and times of administration) can be varied in view of the observed effects of the administered therapeutic agents on the patient, and in view of the observed responses of the cancer to the administered therapeutic agents.  
       [1162] The initial administration can be made according to established protocols known in the art, and then, based upon the observed effects, the dosage, modes of administration and times of administration can be modified by the skilled clinician.  
       [1163] The particular choice of antineoplastic agent will depend upon the diagnosis of the attending physicians and their judgement of the condition of the patient and the appropriate treatment protocol.  
       [1164] The determination of the order of administration, and the number of repetitions of administration of the antineoplastic agent during a treatment protocol, is well within the knowledge of the skilled physician after evaluation of the cancer being treated and the condition of the patient.  
       [1165] Thus, in accordance with experience and knowledge, the practicing physician can modify each protocol for the administration of an antineoplastic agent according to the individual patient&#39;s needs, as the treatment proceeds. All such modifications are within the scope of the present invention.  
       [1166] The attending clinician, in judging whether treatment is effective at the dosage administered, will consider the general well-being of the patient as well as more definite signs such as relief of cancer-related symptoms (e.g., pain, cough (for lung cancer), and shortness of breath (for lung cancer)), inhibition of tumor growth, actual shrinkage of the tumor, or inhibition of metastasis. Size of the tumor can be measured by standard methods such as radiological studies, e.g., CAT or MRI scan, and successive measurements can be used to judge whether or not growth of the tumor has been retarded or even reversed. Relief of disease-related symptoms such as pain, and improvement in overall condition can also be used to help judge effectiveness of treatment.  
       Chemotherapeutic Agents  
       [1167] Classes of compounds that can be used as chemotherapeutic agents (antineoplastic agent/microtubule affecting agents) include but are not limited to: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural products and their derivatives, hormones and steroids (including synthetic analogs), and synthetics. Examples of compounds within these classes are given below.  
       [1168] Alkylating agents (including nitrogen mustards, ethylenimine derivatives, alkyl sulfonates, nitrosoureas and triazenes): Uracil mustard, Chlormethine, Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Pipobroman, Triethylene-melamine, Triethylenethiophosphoramine, Busulfan, Carmustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin, Dacarbazine, and Temozolomide.  
       [1169] Antimetabolites (including folic acid antagonists, pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs and adenosine deaminase inhibitors): Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Cytarabine, 6-Mercaptopurine, 6-Thioguanine, Fludarabine phosphate, Pentostatine, and Gemcitabine.  
       [1170] Natural products and their derivatives (including vinca alkaloids, antitumor antibiotics, enzymes, lymphokines and epipodophyllotoxins): Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Bleomycin, Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, paclitaxel (paclitaxel is commercially available as Taxol® and is described in more detail below in the subsection entitled “Microtubule Affecting Agents”), paclitaxel derivatives (e.g. taxotere), Mithramycin, Deoxyco-formycin, Mitomycin-C, L-Asparaginase, Interferons (especially IFN-a), Etoposide, and Teniposide.  
       [1171] Hormones and steroids (including synthetic analogs): 17α-Ethinylestradiol, Diethylstilbestrol, Testosterone, Prednisone, Fluoxymesterone, Dromostanolone propionate, Testolactone, Megestrolacetate, Tamoxifen, Methylprednisolone, Methyl-testosterone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone, Chlorotrianisene, Hydroxyprogesterone, Aminoglutethimide, Estramustine, Medroxyprogesteroneacetate, Leuprolide, Flutamide, Toremifene, Zoladex.  
       [1172] Synthetics (including inorganic complexes such as platinum coordination complexes): Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Hydroxyurea, Amsacrine, Procarbazine, Mitotane, Mitoxantrone, Levamisole, and Hexamethylmelamine.  
       [1173] Other chemotherapeutics include Navelbene, CPT-11, Anastrazole, Letrazole, Capecitabinbe, Reloxafine, and Droloxafine.  
       [1174] Particularly preferred are the antineoplastic agents selected from Cyclophasphamide, 5-Fluorouracil, Temozolomide, Vincristine, Cisplatin, Carboplatin, and Gemcitabine. Most preferrably, the antineoplastic agent is selected from Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Carboplatin.  
       [1175] Methods for the safe and effective administration of most of these chemotherapeutic agents are known to those skilled in the art. In addition, their administration is described in the standard literature. For example, the administration of many of the chemotherapeutic agents is described in the “Physicians&#39; Desk Reference” (PDR), e.g., 1996 edition (Medical Economics Company, Montvale, N.J. 07645-1742, USA); the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto.  
       Microtubule Affecting Agents  
       [1176] As used herein, a microtubule affecting agent (e.g., paclitaxel, a paclitaxel derivative or a paclitaxel-like compound) is a compound that interferes with cellular mitosis, i.e., having an anti-mitotic effect, by affecting microtubule formation and/or action. Such agents can be, for instance, microtubule stabilizing agents or agents which disrupt microtubule formation.  
       [1177] Microtubule affecting agents useful in the invention are well known to those of skill in the art and include, but are not limited to allocolchicine (NSC 406042), Halichondrin B (NSC 609395), colchicine (NSC 757), colchicine derivatives (e.g., NSC 33410), dolastatin 10 (NSC 376128), maytansine (NSC 153858), rhizoxin (NSC 332598), paclitaxel (Taxol®, NSC 125973), paclitaxel derivatives (e.g., Taxotere, NSC 608832), thiocolchicine (NSC 361792), trityl cysteine (NSC 83265), vinblastine sulfate (NSC 49842), vincristine sulfate (NSC 67574), epothilone A, epothilone, and discodermolide (see Service, (1996) Science, 274:2009) estramustine, nocodazole, MAP4, and the like. Examples of such agents are also described in the scientific and patent literature, see, e.g., Bulinski (1997) J. Cell Sci. 110:3055-3064; Panda (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:10560-10564; Muhlradt (1997) Cancer Res. 57:3344-3346; Nicolaou (1997) Nature 387:268-272; Vasquez (1997) Mol. Biol. Cell. 8:973-985; Panda (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:29807-29812.  
       [1178] Particularly preferred agents are compounds with paclitaxel-like activity. These include, but are not limited to paclitaxei and paclitaxel derivatives (paclitaxel-like compounds) and analogues. Paclitaxel and its derivatives (e.g. Taxol and Taxotere) are available commercially. In addition, methods of making paclitaxel and paclitaxel derivatives and analogues are well known to those of skill in the art (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,569,729; 5,565,478; 5,530,020; 5,527,924; 5,508,447; 5,489,589; 5,488,116; 5,484,809; 5,478,854; 5,478,736; 5,475,120; 5,468,769; 5,461,169; 5,440,057; 5,422,364; 5,411,984; 5,405,972; and 5,296,506).  
       [1179] More specifically, the term “paclitaxel” as used herein refers to the drug commercially available as Taxol®(NSC number: 125973). Taxol® inhibits eukaryotic cell replication by enhancing polymerization of tubulin moieties into stabilized microtubule bundles that are unable to reorganize into the proper structures for mitosis. Of the many available chemotherapeutic drugs, paclitaxel has generated interest because of its efficacy in clinical trials against drug-refractory tumors, including ovarian and mammary gland tumors (Hawkins (1992) Oncology, 6: 17-23, Horwitz (1992) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13: 134-146, Rowinsky (1990) J. Natl. Canc. Inst. 82: 1247-1259).  
       [1180] Additional microtubule affecting agents can be assessed using one of many such assays known in the art, e.g., a semiautomated assay which measures the tubulin-polymerizing activity of paclitaxel analogs in combination with a cellular assay to measure the potential of these compounds to block cells in mitosis (see Lopes (1997) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 41 :37-47).  
       [1181] Generally, activity of a test compound is determined by contacting a cell with that compound and determining whether or not the cell cycle is disrupted, in particular, through the inhibition of a mitotic event. Such inhibition may be mediated by disruption of the mitotic apparatus, e.g., disruption of normal spindle formation. Cells in which mitosis is interrupted may be characterized by altered morphology (e.g., microtubule compaction, increased chromosome number, etc.).  
       [1182] Compounds with possible tubulin polymerization activity can be screened in vitro. For example, the compounds are screened against cultured WR21 cells (derived from line 69-2 wap-ras mice) for inhibition of proliferation and/or for altered cellular morphology, in particular for microtubule compaction. In vivo screening of positive-testing compounds can then be performed using nude mice bearing the WR21 tumor cells. Detailed protocols for this screening method are described by Porter (1995) Lab. Anim. Sci., 45(2):145-150.  
       [1183] Other methods of screening compounds for desired activity are well known to those of skill in the art. Typically such assays involve assays for inhibition of microtubule assembly and/or disassembly. Assays for microtubule assembly are described, for example, by Gaskin et al. (1974) J. Molec. Biol., 89: 737-758. U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,720 also provides in vitro and in vivo assays for compounds with paclitaxel-like activity.  
       [1184] Methods for the safe and effective administration of the above-mentioned microtubule affecting agents are known to those skilled in the art. In addition, their administration is described in the standard literature. For example, the administration of many of the chemotherapeutic agents is described in the “Physicians&#39; Desk Reference” (cited above).  
       [1185] General Preparative Schemes  
       [1186] The following processes may be employed to produce compounds of the invention.  
       Pyridyl Tricyclic Compounds  
       [1187] One skilled in the art will appreciate that the compounds of the invention represented by Formula 1, wherein one of a, b, c or d is N or N + —O −  can be prepared according to the following schemes:  
                 
 
       [1188] The synthesis of 5-bromo tricyclic compound 1b begins with bridgehead olefin 1a ( J. Med Chem  (1998), 41,1561-1567) which is treated with dibromo dimethylhydantoin in triflic acid media. Further treatment of the vinylbromide with potassium t-butoxide in the presence of the appropriate secondary amine gives the 5 and 6-substituted enamine adducts. Y 1  represents —CH 2 —, —O— or —NH—. When Y 1  is NH (piperazine case), acylations, sulfonylations and amide formation can be carried out using standard procedures. Treatment of these amine adducts with HCl(aq) at the appropriate temperatures results in the formation of the 5 and 6 azaketones, 1f and 1e respectively.  
                 
 
       [1189] (wherein Rx represents R 9 )  
       [1190] In cases where secondary enamines were required, synthesis from 1f and 1e-azaketones were utilized as outlined in scheme 2. Thus, the appropriate ketone and amine was refluxed in toluene in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid in a Dean Stark apparatus.  
                 
 
       [1191] (wherein R″ represents H or alkyl (e.g., methly and ethyl).  
       [1192] Synthesis of 3-carbon spaced analogs can be prepared as outlined in Scheme 3. Thus, subjecting tricyclic vinyl bromide 1 b to a Heck type reaction using ethyl acrylate and catalyzed by Pd 0  gives the α-β un-saturated ester 3a. Reduction of the conjugated double bond was carried out using copper chloride-sodium borohydride reducing reagent. The ester was further reduced to alcohol using lithium aluminum hydride. Treatment of the alcohol with methanesulfonyl chloride in an appropriate aprotic solvent, followed by displacement with an appropriate sodium salt resulted in the desired imidazole targets. In most cases, separation of isomers were effected at this point. Where the R 8  group of 3e was a BOC group, deprotection using HCl-dioxane gave the hydrochloride salts of amines. Using standard chemistry, these amines were converted to ureas, carbamates, sulfonamides and amides.  
       [1193] Those skilled in the art will recognize that when a metal hydride, such as NaH, is used in the conversion of 3d to 3e in Scheme 3, reduction of the C5-C6 double bond can take place. This is exemplified in Preparative Example 59 Step B.  
                 
 
       [1194] (wherein R″ represents H or alkyl (e.g., methly and ethyl).  
       [1195] Preparation of 6-substituted 3-carbon spaced imidazole compounds was carried out as outlined in scheme 4. A mixture of ketones 1f and 1 i were treated with N-phenytrifluoromethane sulfonimide to give a seperable mixture of 5 and 6-tricyclic triflate compounds. The 6-trilate adduct was converted to the desired 3-carbon spaced analogs using similar protocol as described for the 5-bromo tricyclic compounds outlined in scheme 3.  
                 
 
       [1196] (wherein R′ represents H or alkyl (e.g., methly and ethyl).  
       [1197] Two carbon spaced analogs were prepared as outlined in scheme 5. Thus, triflate 4b was subjected to Stille chemistry, by reacting with tributylvinyl stannate catalyzed by an appropriate Pd 0  to afford the tricyclic vinyl compound 5b. The 2-carbon spaced compounds were obtained by treating the tricylic compound with the appropriate imidazole that had been previously treated with Buli-THF in a sealed tube and refluxed at 120° C. Further funtionalization was carried out as previously described. Suberane compounds were prepared in a similar way.  
                 
 
       [1198] Scheme 6 illustrates a method of making amine 6b through phthalimido displacement of a mesylate followed by hydazine hydrolysis of the phthalimido moiety. Amine 6b can be converted to targets that have acyl, sufonyl, carbamoyl and urea functionalities.  
                 
 
       [1199] Lactams 7a can be prepared from amine 6b by reacting with bromo butanonyl acid chloride as outlined in scheme 7.  
                 
 
       [1200] Cyclic urea can be prepared from the mesylate shown above by treating with the salt of the cyclic urea 8a as outlined in scheme 8.  
                 
 
       [1201] Amides from 3-carbon spaced carboxylic acid 9a and 9c can be prepared as outlined in Scheme 9 using either DEC-HOBT mediated protocol or from the appropriate acid chloride.  
                 
 
       [1202] Preparation of piperazine compounds off the bridgehead starts from mesylate aa which is reacted with CBZ-protected piperazine. The BOC group is then removed and the resulting amine 10c is functionalized appropriately. Removal of CBZ group off the piperazine is effected with TMSI.  
       [1203] Mesylate aa is prepared by first carbonylating compound H from Scheme 14 using Pd 0 , triphenyl phosphine, carbon monoxide, DBU, in methanol to give the carboethoxy product. The carboethoxy product is then reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to give the resulting alcohol. This alcohol is converted to the mesylate aa using mesyl chloride and triethylamine.  
                 

                 

                 
 
       [1204] Compound 12a is reduced with DIBAL in an inert solvent such as toluene or tetrahydrofuran to give 12b after acidic workup. Treatment of 12b with an appropriately substituted and tritylated imidazole iodide in the presence of ethylmagnesium bromide in solvents such as dichloromethane at ambient temperature yields the adduct 12c. Elimination of the hydroxyl group by converting the hydroxyl group to an appropriate leaving group such as a mesylate, tosylate, or halide, using methanesulfonyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, or thionyl chloride, followed by elimination using an appropriate base such as triethylamine gives 12e. Removal of the trityl group with acid such as trifluoroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid gives the double bond compound 12f which is then hydrogenated using an appropriate catalyst such as platinum oxide under from 1 to 55 psi of hydrogen in an appropriate solvent such as ethanol gave the desired product 12 g.  
       [1205] Alternatively the ester 12a can be saponified with an appropriate base such as lithium hydroxide to obtain the acid 12 h. Converting the acid 12 h to the “Weinreb amide” followed by reaction with an appropriately substituted and tritylated imidazole iodide in the presence of ethylmagnesium bromide in solvents such as dichloromethane at ambient temperature yields the adduct 12c (shown in Scheme 12 below).  
                 

                 
 
       [1206] Compounds of type 12L were prepared as shown above. Oxidation of the hydroxyl compound 12c can be accomplished with the Dess Martin periodinane to obtain 12j. Reaction with a grignard reagent gave 12k. The trityl group is removed under standard conditions mentioned above to give the desired compound 12L.  
                 
 
       [1207] Single methylene bridgehead C-Imidazole derivatives (13c) were prepared as shown above. Compound 13a was first converted to bromide 13b. Treatment of compound 13b with C-imidazole cuprates (prepared from corresponding iodo imidazole) yielded the adduct 13c.  
                 
 
       [1208] Dibromo compound B is reacted with a base such as DBU in a solvent such as dichloromethane at temperatures from 0° C. to room temperature to give vinylbromides C and D. These vinylbromides are separated by chromatography such as silica gel flash chromatography using solvents mixtures such as ethyl acetate and hexane. Alternatively, vinylbromides C and D can be separated by crystallization from solvents such as dichloromethane.  
                 
 
       [1209] The ketone groups of separated vinylbromides C and D are reduced to the corresponding alcohols E and F with a reducing agent such as NaBH 4  in solvents such as methanol or ethanol at temperatures of 0° C. to room temperature.  
                 
 
       [1210] The resulting alcohols functions of E and F are converted to a leaving group, such as a halide, with reagents such as SOCl 2  in solvents such as dichloromethane containing a base such as 2,6-lutidine and running the reaction at 0° C. to room temperature. The resulting intermediate halides are reacted, without purification, with piperazine or a protected piperazine, such as BOC-piperazine in a solvent such as dichloromethane at room temperature giving intermediates G and H.  
                 
 
       [1211] The vinylhalide intermediates are carbonylated with CO gas under a pressure of about 100 psi and a temperature of 80° C. to 100° C. using a palladium catalyst such as PdCl 2  and triphenyl phosphine in toluene and containing DBU and an alcohol such as methanol. If methanol is used, methyl esters I and J are obtained.  
                 
 
       [1212] The ester functions are of I and J are reduced to hydroxymethyl functions of K and L. This can be done directly by first removing the protecting BOC group with TFA or HCl-dioxane and then reducing with a reducing agent such as DIBAL-H, followed by reintroduction of the BOC group with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate. Alternatively, the ester function is hydrolyzed with LiOH and water followed by neutralization with citric acid. The resulting carboxylic acids are then converted into a function that is easily reduced, such as a mixed anhydride or an acylimidazole. This is done by reacting the resulting carbocylic acids with a chloroformate to form the mixed anhydride or with carbonydiimidazole to form the acylimidazole (Synlett. (1995), 839). The resulting activated carboxylic acids are reduced with NaBH 4  in solvents such as methanol, ethanol or aqueous THF.  
                 
 
       [1213] The hydroxy functions of K and L are converted into leaving groups such as a methanesulfonate or an arylsulfonate such as a tosylate, by reacting with the appropriate sulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane containing a base such as triethylamine. The sulfonate leaving groups can be displaced by nucleophiles such amines. The nucloephile (Nuc in structures O and P below) can also be basic heterocycles such as imidazole or a substituted imidazole. In the case of an imidazole, the anion of the imidazole is first formed with NaH in DMF and then reacted with the above sulfonate. Displacement of the sulfonates with a nucleophile gives O and P, which can be converted to the compounds of this invention 1.0, by first removing the BOC protecting group and then forming the desired amide, urea, carbamate or sulfonamide on the resulting amine by methods well known in the art.  
                 
 
       [1214] The vinylhalide or vinyltriflate intermediates A 1  and B 1  (Scheme 10) are carbonylated with CO gas under a pressure of about 100 psi and a temperature of 80° C. to 100° C. using a palladium catalyst such as PdCl 2  and triphenyl phosphine in toluene and containing DBU and an alcohol such as methanol. If methanol is used, methyl esters C 1  and D 1  are obtained. Intermediates C 1  and D 1  are reacted as are intermediates I 1  and J 1  (see Scheme 15a below) following essentially the same procedure as in Scheme 14 to yield compounds of Formula 1.0 of this invention.  
                 
 
       [1215] Alternatively, Intermediates A 1  and B 1  can be reacted with tin vinylether E 1 , in the presence of PdCl 2 , as described in Tetrahedron, (1991), 47, 1877, to yield vinylethers F 1  and G 1  (Scheme 15a). Allowing F 1  and G 1  to stand until aldehyde is visible by NMR (at least two weeks) and then reacting with Hg(OAc) 2 , KI followed by NaBH 4 , as described in J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans., (1984), 1069 and Tet. Lett., (1988), 6331, yields mixtures H 1 , I 1  and J 1 , and K 1 . Intermediates H 1  and J 1  are separated and reacted, as are intermediates K 1  and L 1 , following essentially the same procedure as in Scheme 14 to yield compounds of Formula 1.0, of this invention.  
                 
 
       [1216] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that Schemes 11, 12, 12a, 13, 14, 15 and 15a using reactants having the moieties  
                 
 
       [1217] (related to formula 1.0), for example, are also representative of reactants having the moieties:  
                 
 
       [1218] (related to compounds of formula 1.1).  
                 
 
       [1219] (wherein R represents R 8 , and R″ represents R 10 )  
       [1220] In Scheme 16, compounds with substitution along the chain can be synthesized starting with a substituted ethyl acrylate derivative. Addition of imidazole across the olefin followed by reduction gives the terminal alkene, which can be added to the appropriately substituted vinyl bromide under Heck reaction conditions. Selective reduction of the di-substituted olefin gives the saturated derivative.  
                 
 
       [1221] (wherein R represents R 8 )  
       [1222] In Scheme 17, the synthesis of the C-linked imidazoles proceeds through the Heck reaction of the appropriately substituted vinylimidazole with the appropriate vinyl bromide. Selective reduction of the resulting di-substituted olefin gives the target compound. A similar procedure can be carried out with differentially N-substituted imidazoles to give N-alkylimidazole derivatives.  
       Suberyl Compounds  
       [1223] One skilled in the art will appreciate that the compounds of the invention represented by Formula 1.0, wherein a, b, c and d are C (or a, b, c, and d are CR 1  in formula 1.1) can be prepared according to Scheme 18:  
                 

                 
 
       [1224] Tricyclic vinyl bromide azaketone 4b was prepared as described by Rupard et. al. ( J. Med. Chem.  1989, 32, 2261-2268). Reduction of ketone to alcohol 4c was carried out with NaBH 4 . The alcohol was converted to chloride 4d and then treated with N-methylpiperidine Grignard reagent to give piperidine derivative 4e. Demethylation was effected with ethyl chloroformate followed by acid hydrolysis and subsequent derivitization (i.e sulfonylation, acylation and carbomylation etc.). Preparation of compounds with 3-carbon substituted imidazole moieties on the suberane trycyclic bridgehead was carried out in a similar way as described in scheme 3.  
                 
 
                 
 
                 

                 

                 
 
       [1225] Compounds of this invention are exemplified in the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. Alternative mechanistic pathways and analogous structures within the scope of the invention may be apparent to those skilled in the art.  
     
    
    
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 
     [1226]                   
     [1227] Loratadine® (448 g, 1.17 mol) was refuxed in 2 L of 70% aqueous HCl (1.4 L conc.HCl in 600 ml H 2 O) for 12 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured into ice. It was then basified with 950 mL of 50% NaOH followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2  (1×4L, and 2×2.5L). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4  and MgSO 4  and then filtered. All the volatiles were then removed to give 368 g of the title compound (2). MH + =311 
                 
 
     [1228] To the title compound from Preparative Example 1, Step A (363 g, 1.17 mol) was added trifuromethane sulfonic acid (1.8 Kg) under N 2 . The reaction mixture was refluxed at 170° C. The progress of the reaction was monitored by  1 H NMR. After 4 days the reaction was only 63% complete. After 8 days the reaction was found to be 80% complete according to  1 H NMR; thus another 130 mL of CF 3 SO 3 H were added and refuxing continued for another 24 h. It was then poured into ice and basified with 800 mL of NaOH (50%) and extracted twice with CH 2 Cl 2 (1×8L then 1×7L). The organic phase was combined, washed with H 2 O and filtered through celite. It was then dried over MgSO 4  and Na 2 SO 4  and again filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated to give a black brown semi-solid that was pre adsorbed on 600 g of silica gel and then chromatographed on 2.3 Kg of silica gel eluting first with 5% CH 30 H—CH 2 Cl 2  (saturated with ammonia) and then with 10% CH 30 H—CH 2 Cl 2  (saturated with ammonia) to give 102 g of the title compound (3) as a solid. mp=73-75; MS (FAB) m/z 483 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1229] To a solution of the title compound of Preparative Example 1, Step B (145 g) in 1 L of CH 2 Cl 2  at OC was added ethylchloroformate (55 mL), dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. It was further diluted with 1 L CH 2 Cl 2  and stirred with 2L of dilute NaHCO 3 , pH˜7-8. The organic layer was separated and dried over MgSO 4  and Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford 174 g of a brown black gum. The crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluting with 20-60% ethyl acetate-hexane to afford the title compound (4). MS (FAB) m/z 383 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1230] The title compound of Preparative Example 1, Step C (251 g, 0.65 mol) was dissolved in 1.65 L of CH 2 Cl 2  and dibromo dimethylhydantoin, (132 g, 0.462 mol) was then added. The solution was stirred until the system was homogeneous. The solution was cooled to 0° C. under N 2  atmosphere and 174 mL of CF 3 SO 3 H were added over 37 min. while keeping temperatures between −1 to 1° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h, cooled to −1° C. and basified with 50% NaOH (170 mL), keeping the temperature below 1° C. The aqueous phase was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  and then dried over MgSO 4 , dried and concentrated to give 354 g of yellow foam that was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 10-50% of ethyl acetate-hexanes gradient to give 50 g of compound (5) (14% yield) and 147 grams of the desired title compound (6) (49% yield). Compound (6) MS m/z (rel intens) 462 (MH + ); Compound (5) MS m/z (rel intens) 542 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1231] To a solution of piperazine 0.186 g (2.2 mmol, 5 equiv.) in 5 mL of THF was added 0.20 g (0.4 mmol) of compound 6 (from Preparative Example 1, Step D. The reactants stirred at room temperature until everything was in solution. To this mixture was added potassium t-butoxide (0.243 g, 2.1 mmol, 5 equivalents) in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. All of the THF was removed by rotary evaporation and the resulting crude product was purified by flash chromatography eluting with 3-4% (10% CH 3 OH: saturated with NH 4 OH)—CH 2 Cl 2  to give a mixture of title compounds (7) and (8). FAB m/z 467 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1232] The mixture of compounds from Preparative Example 1, Step E (43.6 g) in 100 mL of conc. HCl was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was poured into ice and basified with conc. NH 4 OH and then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  to give a mixture of compounds (9) and (10). MS (FAB) m/z 399 (MH + ).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 
     [1233]                   
     [1234] Compound 6 from Preparative Example 1, Step D (10 g, 21.7 mmol) was hydrolyzed in the same manner as described in Preparative Example 1, Step A, to give the title compound (11). MH + =389.  
                 
 
     [1235] To the amine product from Preparative Example 2, Step A (20 g, 0.5 mol) and triethylamine (10.4 g, 14.4 mL, 1.02 mol) dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (100 mL) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (8.8 g, 6 mL, 0.77 mol). After stirring at room temperature overnight, the solution was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with saturated NaHCO 3  and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Filtration and concentration in vacuo afforded the crude product that was purified by flash chromatography on a silica gel column, eluting with 1% CH 3 OH (saturated with ammonia)-CH 2 Cl 2  to give the title compound (12). MS (FAB) m/z 469 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1236] Product from Preparative Example 2, Step B (21.25 g, 45.3 mmol) was treated in the same manner as described in Preparative Example 1, Step E, to give 22.2 g of a mixture of compounds (13) and (14). MS (473) (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1237] The product from Preparative Example 2, Step C (22.5 g) was dissolved in 150 mL of conc. HCl and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was poured into ice, basified with conc. NH 4 OH and then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  to give a mixture of compounds (15) and (16). MS (FAB) m/z 405 (MH + ).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2A  
     [1238]                   
     [1239] Separation of compound of Preparative Example 2 Step B by HPLC using a Chiralpack AD column eluting with 40-50% isopropanol: 60-50% hexane-0.2% diethylamine gave enantiomeric amines (17) and (18).  
     [1240] Compound 17: mp=118-119; [α] D   22 =+136.9° (9.00 mg/2 mL, MeOH); MS (FAB) m/z 469 (MH + ).  
     [1241] Compound 18: mp=119-120; [α] D   22 =−178.2° (9.90 mg/2 mL, MeOH); MS (FAB) m/z 469 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1242] Product 17 from Preparative Example 2A, Step A (21.25 g, 45.3 mmol) was treated in the same manner as described in Preparative Example 1, Step E, to give 22.2 g of a mixture of compounds (31) and (32). MS (473) (MH + ).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 
     [1243]                   
     [1244] To a solution of the title compound from Preparative Example 2, Step B (2.0 g, 4.3 mmole) in DMF (50 ml) under nitrogen atmosphere, was added triethyl amine (17 ml), ethyl arcrylate (2.5 ml), potassium carbonate (3 g, 21.4 mmole), tetrabutylamonium bromide (2.8 g, 8.6 mmole) and palladium (II) acetate (0.1255 g, 0.56 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 100° C., and stirred for 4 h then it was cooled to room temperature and the solvent was removed. To the residue was added CH 2 Cl 2  and water and the mixture was then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified using pre-adsorbed flash silica column chromatography eluting with 30-50% ethyl acetate-hexane gradient to give the title compound (19). MS 487 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1245] To a solution of the title compound from Preparative Example 3, Step A (6.4 g, 13 mmole) in ethanol (500 ml), was added copper chloride (0.96 g, 9.7 mmole). The reaction was cooled to 0° C. Portionwise, added sodium borohydride (4.97 g, 131 mmole). The reaction stirred overnight at room temperature. Another portion of sodium borohydride (2.46 g, 65 mmole) was added and the reaction stirred for 2 more hours, then the solvent was removed. To the residue was added saturated sodium bicarbonate and the mixture was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness to afford a mixture of the reduced ester (20) and the alcohol (21) title compounds. This crude mixture was taken on to the next step without purification.  
                 
 
     [1246] To a solution of the products from Preparative Example 3, Step B (5.74 g) in CH 2 Cl 2  (100 ml) was added triethyl amine (2.4 ml). Slowly, methane sulfonyl chloride (0.8 ml) was added and the mixture stirred over night at room temperature. To the reaction was added saturated sodium bicarbonate and then it was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product mixture was separated on a Biotage® column, eluting with 30% ethyl acetate-CH 2 Cl 2 , to afford the desired title compound (22). MS 525 (MH + ). (recovered unreacted ester (20))  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4 
     [1247]                   
     [1248] To a solution of title compound (11) from Preparative Example 2, Step A (20 g, 51.32 mmole) in CH 3 OH/H 2 O (400 ml, 50:1) was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (16.8 g, 77.0 mmole). The pH was adjusted to 9 and the mixture was stirred for 4 h. The solvent was removed, then water was added. The mixture was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness affording the title compound (23). MS 491 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1249] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 3, Step A, the title compound (24) was prepared. MS 509 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1250] To a solution of the title compound from Preparative Example 4, Step B (19.62 g. 38.5 mmole) in ethanol (150 ml) was added platinum (IV) oxide (1.962 g). The reaction stirred over night at room temperature under H 2  balloon pressure atmosphere. After monitoring the reaction, an additional 2% (by weight) of platinum (IV) oxide was added and the reaction stirred for 6 more hours, under H 2  balloon pressure atmosphere. The mixture was filtered through celite and concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound (25) as a white solid. MS 511 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1251] Dissolved product from Preparative Example 4, Step C (2.0 g, 3.9 mmole) in THF (30 ml) and cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath. To the reaction was added diisobutylaluminum hydride (7.8 ml, 7.8 mmole). The reaction was allowed to stir and come to room temperature over night. The reaction did not go to completion. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath (0° C.) and fresh diisobutylaluminum hydride/toluene (7.8 ml) was added. After the reaction stirred for 4 more hours, it was still not complete. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., and an additional 3.9 ml of diisobutylaluminum hydride as added. The reaction stirred for 3 more hours. The crude reaction mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate: 10% citric acid, and 1.0 N NaOH. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness to afford the desired title compound (26). MS 471 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1252] Following a similar procedure described in Preparative Example 3, Step C, the title compound (27) was prepared. MS 549 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1253] To a solution of the title compound from Preparative Example 4, Step E (1.6 g, 3.01 mmole) in DMF (50 ml) was added imidazolylsodium (Aldrich) (0.407 g, 4.52 mmole). The reaction mixture was heated to 90° C. for 2 h. The reaction was cooled and the DMF was removed. Saturated sodium bicarbonate was added and the mixture was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 2% CH 3 OH: saturated with ammonia-CH 2 Cl 2 , to afford the title compound (28). MS 519 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1254] Dissolved the product from Preparative Example 4, Step F (0.55 g, 1.08 mmole) in 4 N dioxane/HCl (20 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature and then concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound (29) as a light yellow solid. HRMS 419 (MH + ).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5 
     [1255]                   
     [1256] Compound (20) from Preparative Example 3, Step B (0.67 g, 1.37 mmole) was dissolved in THF (5 ml). To the mixutre was added 1N NaOH (6.9 ml) and the resulting solution stirred over night at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated, acidified with 10% citric acid (w/v) and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was drived over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound (30) as a yellow solid. mp 122.7-123.4° C.; MS 461 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 1 
     [1257]                   
     [1258] Compound (17) from Preparative Example 2, Step E 0.31 g (0.66 mmol) was treated in the same manner as described in Preparative Example 1, Step E to give a mixture of compounds (31) and (32) that were further separated on a HPLC Chiralpack AD column eluting with 30% isopropanol-70% hexane-0.2% diethylamine to give 0.04 g of target compound (31) and 0.07 g of target compound (32).  
     [1259] Compound 31: mp=174-175; [α] D   22 =+96.0° (3.6 mg/2 mL, CH 2 Cl 2 ); MS (FAB) m/z 473 (MH + ).  
     [1260] Compound 32: mp=173-174; [α] D   22 =+21.7° (8.4 mg/2 mL, CH 2 Cl 2 ); MS (FAB) m/z 473 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 2 
     [1261]                   
     [1262] As described for preparation of Example 1 above, 0.31 g of compound (18) from Preparative Example 2 Step E was converted to a mixture of compounds (33) and (34) that were subsequently separated on a Chiralpack AD column HPLC eluting with and 30% isopropanol-70% hexane-0.2% diethylamine as eluent to give 0.12 g of target compound (33) and 0.04 g of target compound (34).  
     [1263] Compound 33: mp=178-179; [α] D   22 =−30.5° (9.5 mg/2 mL, CH 2 Cl 2 ); MS (FAB) m/z 473 (MH + ).  
     [1264] Compound 34: mp=172-173; [α] D   22 =−84° (3.5 mg/2 mL, CH 2 Cl 2 ); MS (FAB) m/z 473 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 3 
     [1265]                   
     [1266] Product from Preparative Example 2, Step B (0.4 g, 0.86 mmol) was treated in the same manner as described in Preparative Example 1 Step E, substituting homopiperazine (Aldrich), to give of a mixture of compounds 35 and 36 that were further separated by flash chromatography, eluting with 10% CH 30 H: saturated with NH 3 /CH 2 Cl 2  as eluent to give 0.13 g of target compound (35) and 0.17 g of target compound (36).  
     [1267] Compound (35): mp=116-117; MS (FAB) m/z 487 (MH + ).  
     [1268] Compound (36): mp=111-112; MS (FAB) m/z 487 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 4 
     [1269]                   
     [1270] The ketones of Preparative Example 2, Step D (0.50 g, 1.23 mmol), Histamine® (0.21 g, 1.8 mmol) and p-toluene sulfonic acid (monohydrate) were dissolved in anhydrous toluene (40 mL) and refluxed in a Dean Stark trap apparatus for 24 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted with NaHCO 3 . The organic layer was then dried over MgSO 4  and concentrated to dryness. Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 3% CH 30 H (saturated with NH 3 )—CH 2 Cl 2 , afforded 0.17 g (28% yield) 5-substituted histamine adduct (38) as the first eluting product and 0.08 g (13% yield) of the 6-substituted histamine adduct (37) as the second eluting product.  
     [1271] Compound (37): mp=124-125; MS (FAB) m/z 498 (MH + ).  
     [1272] Compound (38): mp=119-120; MS (FAB) m/z 498 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLES (5) AND (6)  
     [1273] By using the same procedure as above and substituting the appropriate amines, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1274] were prepared wherein R is as defined in Table 1 below. In the “Compound #” column, one compound # represents the C5 substitued compound and the other compound # represents the C6 substituted compound.  
                       TABLE 1                       Ex   R =   Compound #                                  5                         (39) AND (40).               6                         (41) AND (42).                  
 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     [1275]                   
     [1276] To a solution of the title compound (22) from Preparative Example 3, Step C (1.0 g, 2.03 mmole) in DMF (20 ml) was added imidazolylsodium (0.257 g, 2.85 mmole). The reaction mixture was heated to 90° C. for 2 h. Cooled the reaction and removed DMF. Added saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . Dried organic layer over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. Crude product was purified by Biotage column chromatography eluting with 3% CH 3 OH: (saturated with ammonia)-CH 2 Cl 2 , to afford the title compound as an enantiomeric mixture. The mixture was separated into pure enantiomers on Prep HPLC Chiral AD column eluting with 35-40% Isopropanol-Hexane: 0.2% Diethyl amine, to give the title compounds (43) and (44). MS 497 (MH + )  
     EXAMPLE 8 
     [1277]                   
     [1278] 2-methylimidazole was dissolved in DMF (10 ml). To this was added one equivalent of NaH and the reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h.  
                 
 
     [1279] Following a similar procedure as described in Example 7, substituting 2-methyl imidazoyl sodium (45) for imidazoyl sodium, the racemic mixture of the title compound (46) was prepared. MS 511 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 9 
     [1280]                   
     [1281] Compound (22) was reacted in the same the same manner as Example 8, substituting 4-methylimidazole in Step A, affording a mixture of 4 and 5-methyl substituted imidazole derivatives (47) and (48).  
     EXAMPLE 10 
     [1282]                   
     [1283] To SEM protected methylimidazole (30 g, 0.141 mole) prepared according to literature procedure, Whitten, J. P., J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51,1891-1894., in THF (250 ml) at −78° C. was added 2.5 M n-butyl lithium (74 ml, 0.184 mole) over 1 h. The solution was stirred for 1 h at −78° C., then a solution of diphenyl disulfide (34.27 g, 0.155 mole) in THF (125 ml) was added over ½ h. The mixture was stirred and warmed to room temperature over night. The solvents were removed and then the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (250 ml) and washed with 1.0 M NaOH (5×50 ml) and then brine (50 ml). The organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated. The crude product (45.28 g, 0.141 mole) was dissoved in ethanol (100 ml) and 5 M aqueous HCl (100 ml) and stirred for 12 h. at 60° C. The solvent was removed and the residue was dissolved in distilled H 2 O. 5M aqueous NaOH was added until pH=8, then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. Combined organic layers and washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated. Purified by flash chromatography eluting with 70% Hexanes:Acetone to afford the product as a white solid. The amine was further reacted with NaH (1 equivalent) in DMF for 1 h. affording the title compound (49).  
                 
 
     [1284] Compound (27) from PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4, STEP E was reacted in the same manner as EXAMPLE 8, substituting 4-methyl-2-phenylsulfanyl-1H-imidazole sodium (49), affording the title compound (50) as a light yellow solid. MS 643 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 11 
     [1285]                   
     [1286] Compound (27) from PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4, STEP E, was treated in the same manner as in Example 9 above to afford a mixture of the 4 and 5-substituted imidazol title compounds (51) and (52).  
                 
 
     [1287] The compounds from Step A above were further seperated into a mixture of (4 and 5) (+) enantiomers and (4 and 5) (−) enantiomers using preparatory HPLC Chiral AD column, eluting with 20% Isopropanol-Hexane: 0.2% Diethyl amine. MS 532 (MH + ). The pure (+) and (−) enantiomeric pairs were then reacted with triphenyl methyl chloride (Aldrich) in CH 2 Cl 2  starting at 0° C. and warming to room temperature over 3 h. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 50% ethyl acetate-acetone, affording the pure (+) and (−) 4-methyl substituted enantiomers (53A) and (53B); MS 533 (MH + ). The column was then flushed with 100% methanol, the fraction was concentrated and the residue was treated with methanol saturated with ammonia, overnight at reflux temperature. The product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 50% ethyl acetate-acetone, affording the pure (+) and (−) 5-methyl substituted enantiomers (54A) and (54B); MS 533 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 12 
     [1288]                   
     [1289] Compound (28) from PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4, STEP F, was separated into pure enatiomers by preparatory HPLC using a chiral AD column eluting with 20% Isopropanol:Hexane: 0.2% Diethyl amine to give pure title compounds (55) and (56). MS 519 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 13 
     [1290]                   
     [1291] Compound (29) from PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4, STEP G (0.20 g, 0.48 mmole) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (10 ml). Added triethyl amine (0.30 ml, 1.92 mmole) followed by trimethylsilyl isocyanate (Aldrich) (1.3 ml, 9.6 mmole) and stirred at room temperature over night. Quenched reaction with 1.0 N NaOH and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . Dried organic layer over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated. Purified by column chromatography eluting with 3-5% Methanol saturated with Ammonia-CH 2 Cl 2 , affording the title compound (57) as a white solid. MS 464 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLES 14 AND 15  
     [1292] By substituting the appropriate isocyanates, and following the procedure described in EXAMPLE 13 above, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1293] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 2.  
                               TABLE 2                                   Ex   R =   Compound #:                                              14                         (58). MS 518 (MH + ).                       15                         (59). MS 544 (MH + ).                      
 
     EXAMPLE 16 
     [1294]                   
     [1295] Compound (55) was deprotected following the procedure described in PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4, STEP G, to give the (+) enantiomer of the starting amine which was then reacted with 4-Chlorophenyl isocyanate (Aldrich) (0.05 g, 0.34 mmole) in the same manner as Example 13 above, affording the title compound (60) as a white solid. MS 572 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 17 
     [1296]                   
     [1297] Compound (56) was deprotected following the procedure described in PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4, STEP G to give the (−) enantiomer of the starting amine. Reacting in the same fashion as Example 16 above, afforded the title compound (61) as a white solid. MS 572 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 18 
     [1298]                   
     [1299] Following the procedure described in Example 16, substituting cyclohexyl chloroformate (BASF) in place of the isocyanate, afforded the title compound (62) as a white solid. MS 545 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 19 
     [1300]                   
     [1301] Following the same procedure as described in Example 18 above, substituting the (−) enatiomer of the starting amine from Example 17, afforded the title compound (63) as a white solid. MS 545 (MH + ).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6 
     [1302]                   
     [1303] In a sealed tube, was added ethoxy ethyne (Fluka) followed by tributyltin hydride (Aldrich) and heated to 55° C. for two days. The reaction mixture was then concentrated to a brown red liquid. Purification via distillation afforded the title compound (64) as an off-white liquid. BP range 98°-115° C., (0.35 to 0.2 mmHg).  
                 
 
     [1304] To a solution of compound (23) from Preparative Example 4, Step A (6.51 g, 13.29 mM), dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(II) (Alrich) (0.373 g, 0.53 mM), and tetrabutylammonium chloride (Aldrich) (3.69 g, 13.29 mM) in DMF (50 ml) was added compound (64) from PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6, STEP A. The reaction stirred over night at 75-80° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, then a solution of KF (0.93 g, 15.94 mM) in H 2 O (70 ml) was added. A precipitate formed upon addition. The reaction mixture was stirred for fifteen minutes then added CH 2 Cl 2  and stirred an additional fifteen minutes. The reaction mixture was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 , the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 1:3%-1:1% ethyl acetate-hexanes affording the title compound (65) as a yellow solid, mp 86-90° C.  
                 
 
     [1305] To a solution of compound (65) from Preparative Example 6, Step B (3.25 g, 6.76 mM) in THF/H2O (33.7 ml/7.3 ml), was added mercury (II) acetate. The reaction stirred at room temperature for fifteen minutes during which time a precipitate formed. To the mixture was then added saturated KI solution (70-80 ml) and was stirred for five minutes. Added CH 2 Cl 2  and stirred for 1 h. The reaction was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (2×100 ml). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (66) as a light brown solid. MS 453 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1306] To a solution of compound (66) from Preparative Example 6, Step C (3.06 g, 6.8 mM) in ethanol (40 ml) was added sodium borohydride (0.31 g, 8.1 mM) in two portions over seven minutes. The reaction stirred for 45 minutes was then concentrated, taken up in ethyl acetate and washed with brine. R e -extracted brine layer with additional ethyl acetate and then combined organic layers, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtrated and concentrated to a solid. Further purification by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 1:1-5:1 ethyl acetate-hexane afforded the title compound (67) as white solid. MP range 120-130° C.; MS 455 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1307] Compound (67) from Preparative Example 6, Step D was reacted in the same manner as described in Preparative Example 3, Step C, to afford the title compound (68) as a peach solid.  
                 
 
     [1308] Compound (68) from Preparative Example 6, Step D (0.1 g, 0.19 mM) was dissolved in THF (2.5 ml). To the mixture was added Lil (Aldrich) (0.064 g, 0.48 mM) and stirred over night at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated, taken up in CH 2 Cl 2  and washed with brine (25 ml). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (69) as a yellow-brown solid.  
     EXAMPLE 20 
     [1309]                   
     [1310] Compound (68) from Preparative Example 6, Step E, was reacted in the same manner as described in Example 8, Step B, resulting in the title compound (70) as a white solid, mp 94-101° C.  
     EXAMPLE 21 
     [1311]                   
     [1312] To compound (69) from Preparative Example 6, Step F (0.3 g, 0.05 mM) in CH 3 CN (1 ml) was added imidazole (Aldrich) (0.014 g, 0.2 mM). The reaction was heated to 52° C. and stirred over night. The reaction was cooled, concentrated, then diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol/saturated with ammonia: CH 2 Cl 2  to afford the title compound (71) as a white solid. mp 95-104° C.; MS 505 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 22 
     [1313]                   
     [1314] Substituting 2-methylimidazole for imidazole and reacting in essentially the same manner as Example 21, the title compound (72) was afforded as a light tan solid. mp 93-104° C.  
     EXAMPLE 23 
     [1315]                   
     [1316] Compound (71) (0.31 g, 0.06 mM) from Example 21 was dissolved in 4M HCl/Dioxane (0.5 ml) and stirred for 1 h. Concentration of the reaction mixture afforded the title compound (73) as a light yellow solid. mp 195-205° C.  
     EXAMPLE 24 
     [1317]                   
     [1318] To a solution of compound (73) from Example 23 (0.026 g, 0.05 mM) in CH 2 Cl 2 , was added, triethyl amine (Aldrich) (0.046 ml, 0.33 mM) followed by methane sulfonyl chloride (Aldrich) (0.01 ml, 0.1 mM). The reaction stirred at room temperature for 36 h. The reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate (50 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×75 ml). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The product was purified by preparatory thin layer chromatography eluting with 90:10 CH 2 Cl 2 : methanol saturated with ammonia to afford the title compound (74), mp 105-116° C.  
     EXAMPLE 25 
     [1319]                   
     [1320] Compound (72) from Example 22 was stirred with 4M HCl/Dioxane over 2 h Concentration of reaction mixture afforded the title compound (75) as. an off-white solid, mp 185-203° C.  
     EXAMPLE 26-29  
     [1321] Reacting compound (75) from Example 25, in the same manner as described in Example 13, and substituting the appropriate isocyanate, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1322] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 3.  
                               TABLE 3                                   Ex   R =   Compound #:                                              26                         (76). mp 133-144° C.                       27                         (77). mp 131-140° C.                       28                         (78). mp 125-132° C.                       29                         (79). mp 160-172° C.                      
 
     EXAMPLE 30 
     [1323]                   
     [1324] A solution of cyclohexanol (Aldrich) (25 ml, 0.2 mol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (50 ml) was added dropwise over 1 h to a solution of phosgene in toluene (262 ml of a 1.93 M solution, 0.5 mol) at 0° C. The reaction was warmed to room temperature over 3 h. and stirred over night. The volatiles were removed to afford the title compound (80) as a colorless liquid.  
     [1325] Step B  
                 
 
     [1326] Reacting compound (75) from Example 25 in the same manner as described in Example 13, substituting the acid chloride (80) from Example 30, Step A in place of the isocyanate, afforded the title compound (81) as an off-white semi-solid. mp 89-98° C.  
     EXAMPLE 31 
     [1327]                   
     [1328] Reacting compound (75) from Example 25 in the same manner as described in Example 13 but substituting methanesulfonyl chloride in place of the isocyanate, afforded the title compound (82) as a tan semi-solid mp 120-129° C.  
     EXAMPLE 32 
     [1329]                   
     [1330] Compound (75) was seperated into pure (+) and (−) enantiomers using preparatory chiralpak-AD column chromatography, eluting with 85:15:0.2% 2-propanol:hexane/diethyl amine affording the title compounds (83) and (84) respectively.  
     EXAMPLE 33 
     [1331]                   
     [1332] Compound (83) was reacted in the same manner as in Example 27 affording the title compound (85) as a white solid. mp 122-129° C.  
     EXAMPLE 34 
     [1333]                   
     [1334] Compound (84) was reacted in the same manner as in Example 27 affording the title compound (86) as a white solid mp 118-133° C.  
     EXAMPLE 35 
     [1335]                   
     [1336] Compound (69) from Example 19 was reacted in the same manner as described in Example 21 substituting 4-methylimidazole for imidazole, to afford a mixture of the 4 and 5 substituted imidazole derivatives. The mixture (0.234 g, 0.45 mM) was subsequently treated with trityl chloride (Aldrich) (0.047 g, 0.17 mM) and separated by preparatory thin layer chromatography, eluting with 1:6% ethyl acetate-acetone affording the pure isomers (87) and (88) mp (87) 97-107° C. (white solid).  
     EXAMPLE 36 
     [1337]                   
     [1338] Compound (87) from Example 35 (0.085 g, 0.16 mM) was reacted in the same manner as described in Example 25. The resulting enantiomeric mixture was then separated by Preparatory Chiralpak-AD column chromatography eluting with 15-85% Isopropanol-Hexane, 0.2% diethylamine, affording enantiomers 1 and 2 as off-white solids.  
     EXAMPLE 37 
     [1339]                   
     [1340] Enantiomerically pure compound (89) from Example 36 (0.02 g, 0.049 mM) was reacted in a similar manner as in Example 27 to afford the title compound (91) as a white solid. mp 130-142° C.  
     EXAMPLE 38 
     [1341]                   
     [1342] Enantiomerically pure compound (90) from Example 36 (0.023 g, 0.054 mM) was reacted in a similar manner as in Example 27 to afford the title compound (92). mp 125-135° C.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 7 
     [1343]                   
     [1344] A mixture of piperizinyl compounds (9) and (10) from PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1, STEP F in THF at −78° C. was reacted with LDA (1.1 eq.) and stirred for 1.5 h. The mixture was warmed to −20° C. and then N-phenyl trifluoromethane sulfonimide (1.1 eq.) was added. Stirred over night at room temperature then extracted mixture with EtOAc and washed with H 2 O. Dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated. Purification and separation by flash silica gel column chromatography afforded pure Compounds (93A &amp; 93B).  
                 
 
     [1345] Compound (93A) from above was dissolved in DMF. Successively added, Et 3 N (29 eq.), Ethyl acrylate (5.4 eq.), K 2 CO 3  (5 eq.), Bu 4 NBr (2 eq.) and Palladuim (II) acetate (0.13 eq.). The mixture stirred and heated to 100° C. for 4 h. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2  and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 /H 2 O. The organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4  then concentrated and the residue purfied by flash silica column chromatography to afford the title compound (94).  
                 
 
     [1346] Compound (94) was dissolved in EtOH cooled in an ice bath and reacted with NaBH 4  (15 eq.) for 3 min. Then added CuCl (2 eq) and stirred for 2 h. at room temperature. The mixture was filtered, concentrated and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . Washed with water then brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated to a mixture of the title compound (95) and the hydroxy compound (96).  
                 
 
     [1347] Compound (95), was then further reacted with LiBH 4 (3 eq.) in THF at reflux temperature for 4 h. EtOAc was added and the mixture was washed with Na 2 CO 3  then dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated to afford the title compound (96).  
                 
 
     [1348] Dissolved compound (96) in CH 2 Cl 2 , added Et 3 N (3 eq.) followed by methane sulfonylchloride (1.5 eq.). The mixture stirred at room temperature over night then diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  and washed with Na 2 CO 3 . Dried over NaSO 4  and concentrated to afford the title compound (97).  
                 
 
     [1349] To a solution of sodium imidazole (Aldrich) in DMF was added, NaH (2 eq.). Stirred for 15 min. then added compound (97) (from above) (1 eq.) and stirred over night at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated and then extracted with ethyl acetate. Washed with Na 2 CO 3 , dried over NaSO 4 , filtered then concentrated. Crude product was purified by flash silica column chromatography. Further seperation of pure (+) enantiomers and pure (−) enantiomers was accomplished on a chiracel AD column affording the title compounds (98) and (99).  
                 

                 
 
     [1350] Compounds (98) and (99) were individually hydrolyzed to their free amines by refluxing in conc. HCl for 5 h. The reaction mixtures were seperately poured into ice and basified with NH 4 OH. The solutions were then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 , dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compounds (100) and (101).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 8 
     [1351]                   
     [1352] In a similar manner as described in Preparative Example 7, Steps A-G, substituting 2-methylimidazole for sodium imidazole, in Step F, the title compounds (102) and (103) were prepared.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 9 
     [1353]                   
     [1354] Compound (23) from Preparative Example 4 was reacted with piperazine in the same manner as described in Preparative Example 1, Step E, affording the title compound (104).  
                 
 
     [1355] Compound (104) from above was hydrolyzed with 6N HCl over night at reflux temperature. The cooled reaction mixture was basified with 50% w/w NaOH and then extracted with 80% THF-EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness, affording the title compound (105).  
                 
 
     [1356] Compound (105) was dissolved in 50:1 MeOH:H 2 O then added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (2 eq.). Adjusted pH to 9 and stirred for 4 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was washed with Na 2 CO 3 , dried, filtered and concentrated to dryness affording a mixture of title compounds (106) and (107).  
                 
 
     [1357] To the mixture of compounds (106) and (107) from Step C above, in 80% MeOH/H 2 O at room temperature was added, cesium carbonate (2 eq.). The reaction stirred overnight. The mixture was then concentrated, extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 , washed with H 2 O, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness affording the title compound (107).  
                 
 
     [1358] Compound (107) was reacted with N-phenyl trifluoromethane sulfonimide in a similar manner as described in Preparative Example 7, Step A, affording the title compound (108A &amp; 108B).  
                 
 
     [1359] Compound (108A) was reacted with ethyl acrylate in a similar manner as described in Preparative Example 7, Step B affording the title compound (109).  
                 
 
     [1360] Compound (109) was reacted with NaBH 4  and CuCl in a similar manner as described in Preparative Example 7, Step C affording the title compound (110).  
                 
 
     [1361] Dissolved compound (110) in THF and then added 1 M LiAlH 4 /THF (1 eq.) and stirred for 1.5 h at room temperature. To the mixture was added H 2 O and 15% NaOH then extracted with EtOAc. The reaction was washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated. Purification by flash silica column chromatography eluting with 20% EtOAc/CH 2 Cl 2  afforded the hydroxy title compound (111).  
                 
 
     [1362] Compound (111) was reacted with methane sulfonyl chloride in a similar manner as described in Preparative Example 7, Step E affording the title compound (112).  
                 
 
     [1363] Compound (112) was reacted in a similar manner as Preparative Example 7, Step F substituting 4-methylimidazole for sodium imidazole. A mixture of (+,−)4 and (+,−)5-methylimidazoles resulted. The mixture was treated in the same manner as described in Example 11 affording pure stereoisomers (113), (114), (115) and (116).  
                 
 
     [1364] Compounds (113) and (114) were hydrolyzed to their free amines by stirring in HCl/Dioxane for 4 h. The mixtures were then concentrated to dryness affording the title compounds (117) and (118).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 10 
     [1365]                   
     [1366] In a similar manner as described in Preparative Example 9, Steps A-K, substituting 4,5-dimethylimidazole in Step J, the title compounds (119) and (120) were prepared.  
     EXAMPLE 39-45  
     [1367] Reacting compounds (100) or (101) from Preparative Example 7, in the same manner as described in Example 13, substituting the appropriate isocyanate or chloroformate, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1368] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 4. In the column “Compound #” one compound # is the (+) isomer and the other compound # is the (−) isomer.  
                       TABLE 4                       Ex   R =   Compound #:                                  39                         (121) AND (122)               40                         (123) and (124)               41                         (125) AND (126).               42                         (127) AND (128).               43                         (129) AND (130).               44                         (131) AND (132).               45                         (133) AND (134).                  
 
     EXAMPLE 46-51  
     [1369] Reacting compounds (102) or (103) from Preparative Example 8, in the same manner as described in Example 13, substituting the appropriate isocyanate or chloroformate, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1370] were prepared wherein R is as defined in Table 5. In the column “Compound #” one compound # is the (+) isomer and the other compound # is the (−) isomer.  
                       TABLE 5                       Ex   R =   Compound #:                                  46                         (135) AND (136).               47                         (137) AND (138).               48                         (139) AND (140).               49                         (141) AND (142)               50                         (143) AND (144).               51                         (145) AND (146).                  
 
     EXAMPLE 52-59  
     [1371] Reacting compounds (117) or (118) from Preparative Example 9, in the same manner as described in Example 13, substituting the appropriate isocyanate, chloroformate or sulfonyl chloride, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1372] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 6. In the column “Compound #” one compound # is the (+) isomer and the other compound # is the (−) isomer.  
                       TABLE 6                       Ex   R =   Compound #:                                  52                         (147) AND (148)               53                         (149) and (150)               54                         (151) AND (152).               55                         (153) AND (154).               56                         (155) AND (156)               57                         (157) AND (158).               58                         (159) AND (160).               59                         (161) AND (162).                  
 
     EXAMPLE 60-69  
     [1373] Reacting compounds (119) or (120) from Preparative Example 10, in the same manner as described in Example 13, substituting the appropriate isocyanate, chloroformate or sulfonyl chloride, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1374] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 7. In the column “Compound #” when there are two compounds listed for one example, one compound # is the (+) isomer and the other compound # is the (−) isomer.  
                               TABLE 7                                   Ex   R =   Compound #:                                              60                         (163) AND (164)                       61                         (165) and (166)                       62                         (167) AND (168)                       63                         (169) AND (170)                       64                         (171) (−)-isomer                       65                         (172) AND (173)                       66                         (174) AND (175)                       67                         (176) AND (177)                       68                         (178) AND (179)                       69                         (180) AND (181)                      
 
     [1375] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 11 
                 
 
     [1376] Ethyl 2,2-dimethyl acrylate (50.0 g, 2.0 eq.) was stirred with imidazole (13.28 g, 200 mmol) at 900 for 48 hours. The resulting solution was cooled, diluted with 300 mL H 2 O—CH 2 Cl 2  (1:1) and separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (2×75 mL) and the combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated in vacuo. The crude mixture was purified by flash chromatography using a 10% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2  solution as eluent to give pure product as a clear oil. CIMS: MH + =197.  
                 
 
     [1377] A solution of the title compound from Preparative Example 11, Step A, (10.0 g, 50.96 mmol) was treated with LiAlH 4  (51 mL, 1 M solution in ether, 1.0 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred one hour before quenching by the dropwise additon of saturated Na 2 SO 4  (˜3.0 mL). The resulting slurry was dried with Na 2 SO 4  (solid), diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and filtered through a plug of Celite. The filtrate was concentrated to give crude product which was used without further purification. CIMS: MH + =155.  
                 
 
     [1378] Iodine (3.83 g, 1.2 eq.) was added to a solution of Ph 3 P (3.95 g, 1.2 eq.) and imidazole (1.02 g, 1.2 eq.) in CH 2 Cl 2  (30 mL) portionwise over 15 minutes followed by a solution of the title compound from Preparative Example 11, Step B, (3.83 g, 12.56 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (10 mL). The resulting solution was stirred one hour before concentrating in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in THF (100 mL), treated with KOt-Bu (4.51 g, 3.2 eq.) and stirred at room temperature over night. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (100 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (100 mL), separated, and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (2×50 mL). The combined organics were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The product was purified by flash chromatography using neat EtOAc then 5% MeOH in EtOAc as eluent to give a pale yellow oil (184). CIMS: MH + =137.  
                 
 
     [1379] Pd(OAc) 2  (0.023 g, 10 mol %) was added to a solution of the title compound (184) from Preparative Example 11, Step C, (0.30 g, 2.0 eq.), compound (23)(0.50 g, 1.02 mmol), Bu 4 NBr (0.66 g, 2.0 eq.), TEA (2.84 mL, 20.eq.) and K 2 CO 3  (0.70 g, 5.0 eq) in DMF (10 mL). The resulting solution was heated to 100° C. for 48 hours, cooled to room temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water (50 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (50 mL), separated, and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (2×25 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography using an 8% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2  solution as eluent to yield a 4: 1 mixture of the compound (184) and coupled product (185). This mixture (0.27 g) was stirred in CH 2 Cl 2 : TFA (7.0 mL, 5:2) for 1.5 hours. The crude product was concentrated under reduced pressure, neutralized with NaOH (1 N), and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (3×20 mL). The combined organics were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography using a 15% (10% NH 4 OH in MeOH) solution in CH 2 Cl 2  as eluent to give the title compound (185) as a tan solid. LCMS: MH + =445.  
     EXAMPLE 70 
     [1380]                   
     [1381] Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.005 mL, 1.3 eq) was added to a solution of Compound (185) from Preparative Example 11, Step D (0.02 g, 0.045 mmol) and TEA (0.010 mL, 1.5 eq.) in CH 2 Cl 2  (1 mL). The resulting solution was stirred 12 hours at room temperature and diluted with saturated NaHCO 3  (5 mL), separated, and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (3×10 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using an 8% (10% NH 4 OH in MeOH) solution in CH 2 Cl 2  as eluent to give the title compound (186) as a tan solid mp 124-129° C.; LCMS: MH + =523.  
     EXAMPLE 71 
     [1382]                   
     [1383] pTosNHNH 2  (0.085 g, 3 eq) was added to a solution of compound (186) from Example 70 (0.08 g, 0.0153 mmol) and DBU (0.11 mL, 5.0 eq.) in toluene (5 mL) and the resulting solution was heated to reflux. Subsequently, every 2 hours over 6 hours the solution was cooled and additional pTosNHNH 2  (3.0 eq) added and the solution heated to reflux. After heating at reflux 2 hours following the final addition the solution was cooled, diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  (25 mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO 3  (3×20 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography using a 5% (10% NH 4 OH in MeOH) solution in CH 2 Cl 2  as eluent to give the title compound (187) as a tan solid. mp 112-116° C.; LCMS: MH + =525.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 12 
     [1384]                   
     [1385] Literature compound 1H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde was tritylated according to the literature procedure Kelley, et al.; J. Med. Chem 20(5), (1977), 721 affording the title compound (188).  
                 
 
     [1386] nBuLi (2.00 mL, 2.2 eq; 1.7M in hexanes) was added dropwise to Ph 3 PCH 3 Br (1.4 g, 2.3 eq) in THF (10 mL). The resulting orange solution was stirred 30 minutes at room temperature before cooling to −78° C. and adding the trityl protected 1(3)H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde (0.50 g, 1.48 mmol) in THF (7.0 mL). The resulting solution was warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched by the addition of water (20 mL) and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (3×20 mL). The combined organics were dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using a 45% hexanes in EtOAc solution as eluent to yield the title compound (189) as a white solid.  
                 
 
     [1387] Pd(OAc) 2  (0.021 g, 0.10 eq.) was added to a solution of compound (12) from Preparative Example 2, Step B (0.44 g, 0.95 mmol), compound (189) from Preparative Example 12, Step B (0.32 g, 1.0 eq.), Bu 4 NBr (0.61 g, 2.0 eq.), and K 2 CO 3  (0.66 g, 5.0 eq.) in DMF (8.0 mL). The resulting solution was heated to 100° C. over night, cooled, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water (50 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (50 mL), serparated, and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (2×50 mL). The combined organics were dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using 100% EtOAc as eluent. LCMS: 723 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 72 
     [1388]                   
     [1389] To a solution of the title compound from Preparative Example 12, Step C (1.43 g, 1.97 mmol) in water (70 mL) was added ACOH (70 mL). The resulting solution was heated at reflux two hours, cooled to room temperature and neutralized by the dropwise addition of 50% (w/w) NaOH. The solution was then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (3×200 mL) and the combine organics were dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using a 10% (10% NH 4 OH in MeOH) solution in CH 2 Cl 2  as eluent. mp=190° C. (dec.); LCMS: MH + =483.  
     EXAMPLE 73 
     [1390]                   
     [1391] The title compound (191) from Example 72 was separated into individual (+)- and (−)-enantiomers by preparative HPLC using a ChiralPak AD column eluting with 70:30 hexanes: iPrOH containing 0.2% diethylamine as eluent.  
     [1392] Compound (192): FABMS: MH + =481; mp=109-112° C.; [α] 20   D =+398° (2.0 mg in 2.0 mL MeOH).  
     [1393] Compound (193): FABMS: MH + =481; mp=126-129° C.; [α] 20   D =−367° (2.0 mg in 2.0 mL MeOH).  
     EXAMPLE 74 
     [1394]                   
     [1395] The title compound (191) from Example 72 was dissolved in toluene (50 mL) and DBU (0.26 mL, 5.0 eq.) and pTosNHNH 2  (0.33 g, 3.3 eq.) were added. The resulting solution was heated to reflux 2.5 hours before cooling to room temperature and adding additional pTosNHNH 2  (0.33 g, 3.3 eq.). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for an additional 2 hours and cooling to room temperature. The resulting solution was diluted with saturated NaHCO 3  (100 mL) and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (3×100 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using a 5% (10% NH 4 OH in MeOH) solution in CH 2 Cl 2  as eluent to give pure product (194). mp=158-162; LCMS: MH + =483.  
     EXAMPLE 75 
     [1396]                   
     [1397] In a similar manner as described in Example 73 above, the following enantiomers were separated:  
     [1398] Compound (195): LCMS: MH + =483; mp=129-131° C.; [α] 20   D =+134° (2.0 mg in 2.0 mL MeOH).  
     [1399] Compound (196): LCMS: MH + =483; mp=125-126° C.; [α] 20   D =−105° (2.0 mg in 2.0 mL MeOH).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13 
     [1400]                   
     [1401] Imidazole (2.50 g, 36.72 mmol) and basic alumina (15 g) were combined and shaken 15 minutes before adding propargyl chloride (2.66 mL, 1.0 eq.). The resulting mixture was stirred 84 hours and suspended in EtOAc. The slurry was filtered and the filtrate was washed with H 2 O and brine and dried over Na 2 SO 4 . The solution was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a clear oil.  
     EXAMPLE 76 
     [1402]                   
     [1403] A solution of compound (23) (0.50 g, 1.02 mmol) and compound (197) from Preparative Example 13 (0.22 g, 2.0 eq.) in TEA (3.0 mL) and pyridine (0.5 mL) was deoxygenated 15 minutes before adding PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2  (0.018 g, 2.5 mol %) and CuI (0.002 g, 1.0 mol %). The resulting solution was heated for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with H 2 O, and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using an 8% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2  solution as eluent. mp 109-112° C.; LCMS: 515 (MH + ).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 14 
     [1404]                   
     [1405] Compound (21) from Preparative Example 3, Step C, (2.83 g, 6.37 mmol) was dissolved in 120 ml of dichloromethane and 0.16 ml of de-ionized water. Dess-Martin periodinane (3.85 g, 9 mmol) was added as a solid at ambient temperature and the reaction mixture stirred for 4 hours. Then added a 20% Na 2 S 2 O 3  solution (50 ml) and stirred for 15 minutes. The layers were separated and the dichloromethane layer washed with saturated NaHCO 3 , dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to obtain the title product (199). FABMS: 445 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1406] 4-Iodo-1-trityl-imidazole (prepared according to the literature procedure Kirk, Kenneth L.; J. Heterocycl. Chem.; EN; 22; 1985; 57-59) (0.48 g, 1.1 mmol) was dissolved in 5 ml of dichloromethane under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. Ethylmagnesium bromide (0.36 ml) was added and the reaction mixture stirred. After 30 minutes compound (199) (0.44 g, 1 mmol) was dissolved in 5 ml of dichloromethane and added to the reaction mixture while stirring. After stirring 4 hours at ambient temperature, the mixture was washed with saturated ammonium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to give a solid residue. The product was chromatographed on a flash silica gel column using ethyl acetate as the eluent to obtain the title compound (200). FABMS: 756 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 77 
     [1407]                   
     [1408] Compound (200) (0.6 gm) was dissolved in 10 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred at ambient temperature. After 7 hours the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness under vacuum and chromatographed on silica gel using 5% 2N methanol:ammonia/dichloromethane to obtain title compound (201). FABMS: 514 (MH + ).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 15 
     [1409]                   
     [1410] Compound (200) (0.5 g, 0.66 mmol) was dissolved in 5 ml of dichloromethane. Triethylamine (0.14 ml, 0.99 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.062 ml, 0.79 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture stirred for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was added to brine and extracted with dichloromethane three times. Dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness under vacuum to give a residue which was chromatographed on silica gel using ethyl acetate as the eluent to obtain the title compound (202). FABMS: 537 (MH + ).  
                 
 
     [1411] Compound (202) was detritylated in the same manner as EXAMPLE 77 affording the title compound (203). FABMS: 495 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 78 
     [1412]                   
     [1413] Compound (203) (77 mg) was hydrogenated over PtO 2  in ethanol at atmospheric hydrogen for 24 hours. After filtration of the catalyst followed by evaporation of the ethanol and chromatography on a Chiral Technologies® AD HPLC column the title product was obtained as two pure enantiomers (205) and (206). FABMS: 497 (MH + ).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 16 
     [1414]                   
     [1415] Compound (200) (0.15 g, 0.198 mmol) was dissolved in 4 ml of dichloromethane and 5 uL of de-ionized water. Dess-Martin periodinane (0.12 g, 0.3 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for 4 h. 5 ml of a 20% Na 2 S 2 O 3  solution was added and the reaction mixture stirred for another 15 minutes. The layers were separated and the dichloromethane layer was washed with saturated NaHCO 3 , dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to obtain the title compound (207). FABMS: 753 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 79 
     [1416]                   
     [1417] Compound (207) was detritylated in the same manner as Example 77 affording the title compound (208). FABMS: 511 (MH + ).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 17 
     [1418]                   
     [1419] Compound (207) (0.15 g, 0.2 mmol) was dissolved in 5 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Ethylmagnesium bromide (0.1 ml, 3 M in ether) was added at ambient temperature and stirred under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. After 2 hours, added another portion of ethylmagnesium bromide (0.1 ml, 3 M in ether). After 4 hours the reaction mixture was washed with saturated ammonium chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to obtain the title compound (209). The product was further purified by flash silica column chromatography eluting with 50% ethylacetate/hexanes. FABMS: 783 (MH + ).  
     EXAMPLE 80 
     [1420]                   
     [1421] Compound (209) was detritylated in the same manner as Example 77 affording the title compound (210). FABMS: 541 (MH + ).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 18 
     [1422]                   
     [1423] Compound (211) (14 g, 29 mmol) prepared by NaOH hydrolysis of Compound (20) from Preparative Example 3, Step B, was dissolved in 400 ml of DMF. 1-(3-dimethylamino propyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (8.3 g, 43 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (5.9 g, 43 mmol), triethylamine (40 ml), and N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.8 g, 40 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture stirred at room temperature under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. After 24 hours the reaction mixture was poured into brine and the product extracted with ethylacetate two times. After drying over magnesium sulfate, filtration, and chromatography on silica gel using 10% ethyl acetate/hexanes the title compound (212) was obtained.  
                 
 
     [1424] Compound (212) (0.53 g, 1.01 mmol) was treated as in PREPARATIVE Example 14, Step B to obtain the title compound (213) after silica gel chromatography.  
     EXAMPLE 81 
     [1425]                   
     [1426] Compound (213) (300 mg, 0.387 mmol) was dissolved in methanol and sodium borohydride (50 mg) was added portionwise while stirring. After 1 hour the mixture was added to 1N HCl followed by the addition of 1N NaOH and extracted with ethylacetate to obtain a crude product which was treated with neat trifluoroacetic acid for 5 hrs, and evaporated to dryness. The mixture was dissolved in methanol and reacted with di-tert.butyldicarbonate (0.2 gm) while maintaining the pH at 10 with 1 N NaOH for 1 hour. The mixture was then treated with 2N Methanolic ammonia for 15 minutes followed by evaporation of the solvents and chromatography on silica gel. Further seperation of isomers was accomplished on a Chiral Technologieso AD HPLC column obtaining the pure isomers. (214) and (215). FABMS M+1=535  
     EXAMPLE 82 
     [1427]                   
     [1428] Compound (23) from Preparative Example 4, Step A (25.47 gm, 52 mmol) was dissolved in 300 ml of dry toluene and 39.5 ml of methanol. Palladium chloride (0.92 gm), triphenylphosphine (6.887 gm) and DBU (10.5 ml) were added and the reaction mixture transferred to a pressure reaction vessel. The reaction vessel was purged with carbon monoxide and then pressurized to 100 psi with carbon monoxide and the mixture stirred at 80° C. for 5 hours. The reaction was cooled in an ice bath and purged with nitrogen 3-4 times. The reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and 500 ml of ethylacetate was added. The mixture was washed with water three times, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness under vacuum to give a dark brown gum. The gum was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using 12.5%-25% ethylacetate/hexanes to obtain 12.58 gm of pure title product (216) FABMS: 469 (MH + ) and 9.16 gm of a mixture of two compounds.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 19 
     [1429]                   
     [1430] Compound (216) from Example 82 (5.16 gm, 11 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (150 ml). 10% lithium hydroxide (2.9 ml) was added along with dioxane (50 ml) and the reaction stirred for 4 hours. Added an additional portion of 10% lithium hydroxide (5.7 ml) and the reaction stirred for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to s small volume and diluted with 50 ml of water. The mixture was acidified to pH=3 with 10% citric acid and the product extracted with dichloromethane to obtain the title compound (217). FABMS: 455 (MH + )  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 20 
     [1431]                   
     [1432] Compound (65) from Preparative Example (6), Step B, was let stand for approximately two weeks at room temperature, after which time the pressence of some aldehyde was observed by NMR of the crude material. This material was then treated as in Preparative Example 6, Steps C and D to afford a mixture of Compounds (218) and (67). The crude mixture was separated on flash silica column chromatography eluting with 1:1-3:1 ethyl acetate:hexanes to afford pure Compound (218).  
                 
 
     [1433] Compound (218) from Step A above, was combined with triethylamine (64.4 ml; 0.462 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (4 ml) treated with methyl sulfonyl chloride (17.93 ml; 0.231 mmol) and let stir over night at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  (70 ml), quenched with brine (25 ml) and extracted. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to give an off-white solid (219) (93 mg; 100%).  
                 
 
     [1434] Compound (219) from Step B above, was taken up in DMF. To this solution was added a previously reacted solution of 2-methylimidazole (145.27 mg; 1.734 mmol) and NaH (60%) (69.4 mg; 1.734 mmol) in DMF. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for two hours. The DMF was removed and the residue taken up in CH 2 Cl 2  quenched with sat. aqueous NaHCO 3  and extracted with 2×100 ml CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layers were combined and purified by preparative TLC plates to give an off-white solid. (220)  
                 
 
     [1435] Compound (220) from Step C above, was dissolved in 1,4-Dioxane (3 ml). To this solution was then added 4M HCl in Dioxane (5 ml) and the reaction stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. The mixture was then concentrated and dried over night under high vacuum to afford the hydrochloride salt as an off-white solid. (221)  
     EXAMPLE 83 
     [1436]                   
     [1437] To a solution of compound (221) from Preparative Example 20, Step D (51 mg; 0.126 mmol) and triethylamine (61.47 ml; 0.441 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (2 ml) was added 4-trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate (20.26 ml; 0.139 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction stirred for 2-3 hours under N 2  atmosphere. The CH 2 Cl 2  and excess triethylamine were removed under vacuo and the resultant product was purified by preparatory thin layer chromatography eluting with 98:2 CH 2 Cl 2 /(sat.)MeOH/NH 3 ) affording the title compound as a white solid (222).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 21 
     [1438]                   
     [1439] Commercially available Ethyl 4-Pyridyl Acetate (4.5 g; 27.2 mmol), EtOH (70 ml) and 10% Palladium on Charcoal (catalytic) was shaken under 55 psi hydrogen at room temperature for 94 hrs. The mixture was filtered through Celite and the cake was washed with (4×40 ml) of EtOH. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by flash silica column chromatography eluting with 3% (10% NH 4 OH:MeOH)/CH 2 Cl 2 .  
                 
 
     [1440] 4-Pyridyl Acetic Acid (2.362 g) from Step A above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2  (118 ml). To this was added trimethylsilyl isocyanate (27.87 ml). The reaction stirred for 67 hr then was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  (700 ml) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3  (150 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with 2×200 ml CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash silica column chromatography eluting with 2% (10% NH 4 OH:MeOH)/CH 2 Cl 2 .  
                 
 
     [1441] Product from Step B above (40.63 mg; 0.1896 mmol) was taken up in EtOH (2 ml) and CH 2 Cl 2  (2 ml) and treated with 1 M LiOH (0.5 ml; 0.455 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. and stirred for 5 hr. The reaction was cooled to room temperature treated with 1N HCl (0.57 ml; 0.531 mmol) and stirred for 5 minutes. The resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum for 4 days affording the title compound as a white solid. (223)  
     EXAMPLE 84 
     [1442]                   
     [1443] To a solution of Compound (221) from Preparative Example 20, Step D (51 mg; 126 mmol), 4-methylmorpholine (69.3 ml; 0.630 mmol), DEC (31.44 mg; 0.164 mmol), and HOBT (22.2 mg; 0.164 mmol) in DMF (2 ml) was added, 4-Pyridylacetic Acid 1-N-Oxide (disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,719,148; 2/17/98). The reaction stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. The reaction was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  and washed two times with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 . The organic layers were combined, concentrated and purified by preparative thin layer chromatography eluting with 95:5 CH 2 Cl 2 : sat. MeOH/NH 3  affording the title compound as a white solid (224).  
     EXAMPLE 85 
     [1444]                   
     [1445] Compound (221) from Preparative Example 20, Step D (51 mg; 0.126 mmol) was combined with compound (223) from Preparative Example 21, Step C and reacted in the same manner as Example 84 to afford the title compound as a white solid. (145-155° C. dec.) MH +  573.(225)  
     EXAMPLE 86 
     [1446]                   
     [1447] Compound (221) from Preparative Example 20, Step D (51 mg; 0.126 mmol) was combined with 4-Fluorophenylacetic acid (Acros) (29.29 mg; 0.190 mmol) and reacted in the same manner as Example 84 to afford the title compound as an off-white solid. (108-125° C. dec.) MH + 541.(226)  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 22 
     [1448]                   
     [1449] Compound (220) from Preparative Example 20, Step C, (150 mg; 0.289 mmol) was treated with 4M HCl in Dioxane and allowed to stir for 2-3 hr at room temperature under a N 2  atmosphere. The crude mixture was separated into pure (+) isomer (227) and (−) isomer (228) by preparative chiral HPLC using an AD column, eluting with 85:15:2 Hexanes:IPA:DEA.  
     EXAMPLES 87-90  
     [1450] The appropriate (+) compound (227) or (−) compound (228) isomer from Preparative Example 22 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2  treated with the corresponding isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. Crude product was purified directly by preparative thin layer chromatography to afford compounds (229-232):  
                 
 
     [1451] wherein R is as defined in Table 8.  
                           TABLE 8                       Ex.   R   Compound #                                          87                         (229)   (+)(148-156° C. dec.) MH +  556.               88                         (230)   (+)(155-166° C. dec.) MH +  563.               89                         (231)   (−)(145-153° C. dec.) MH +  556.               90                         (232)   (−)(159-168° C. dec.) MH +  563.                  
 
     [1452] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 23 
                 
 
     [1453] The tricyclic keto-compound (disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,423) (30.0 g; 123.2 mmol) was combined with NBS (48.2 g; 271.0 mmol) and benzoyl peroxide (0.42 g) in CCl 4  (210 ml). The reaction was heated to 80° C. for 10 hr. The mixture was cooled and let stand for 8 hr. The resulting precipitate was filtered. Added MeOH (200 ml) and stirred the mixture over 2 days. The solid was filtered and dried under vacuum to a constant weight.  
                 
 
     [1454] The dibromo compound (233) from Step A (35.72 g; 88.97 mmol) above was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (1.5 L) and cooled to 0° C. Dropwise, DBU (15.96 ml) was added and the suspension stirred for 3 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated redissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (1.5 L) filtered through a bed of silica gel and rinsed with 5% EtOAc/CH 2 Cl 2  (4 L). The combined rinses were concentrated and purified by flash silica gel column chromatography into pure 5 and 6 mono-bromo substituted compounds eluting with 10-30% EtOAc/Hex then 3%EtOAc/CH 2 Cl 2 .  
                 
 
     [1455] The 5-bromo substituted compound (234a) from Step B above (4.0 g; 12.45 mmol) was taken up in MeOH and cooled to 0° C. NaBH 4  (916.4 mg; 24.2 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for 5.5 hr. The solvent was removed and the resulting residue was used directly.  
                 
 
     [1456] The alcohol compound (235) from Step C above (3.98 g; 12 mmol) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  cooled to 0° C. and treated with 2,6-Lutidine (5.73 ml; 49 mmol). SOCl 2  (1.8 ml; 24.6 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to stir and come to room temperature over 3 hr. The reaction mixture was poured into 0.5 N NaOH (80 ml) extracted and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was taken up in CH 3 CN and treated with 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidine (4.45 ml; 24.6 mmol) (Aldrich). The to reaction was heated to 60-65° C. treated with tert-butyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate (2.32 g; 12 mmol) (Aldrich) and stirred over night under N 2  atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, redissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  and washed with sat. aqueous NaCO 3 . The organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and purified by flash silica gel column chromatography eluting with 1:4-1:2 EtOAc/Hexanes to afford the product as a white solid.  
                 
 
     [1457] The BOC-protected bromo-compound (236) from Step D above (2 g; 4 mmol), triphenyl phosphine (0.54 g; 2 mmol), and palladium chloride (0.0723 g; 0.4 mmol) were combined in MeOH (10 ml) and toluene (30 ml). To this mixture was added DBU (0.835 ml; 5.5 mmol) and the mixture was sealed in a Parr bomb. The reaction mixture was stirred and subjected to 90 psi of CO at 80° C. for 5 hr. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (200 ml) and washed with 2×80 ml H 2 O. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and purified by flash silica column chromatography eluting with 1:3 EtOAc/Hexanes.  
                 
 
     [1458] Compound (237) from Step E above (1.73 g; 3.681 mmol) was treated with 4 M HCl in Dioxane (35 ml) and allowed to stir at room temperature for 3 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting tan solid was further dried under high vaccuum.  
                 
 
     [1459] The HCl salt (238) from Step F above (1.36 g; 3.68 mmol) was dissolved in THF, cooled to 0° C., treated with 1 M DIBAL in cyclohexane (18.41 ml; 18 mmol) and stirred over night at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated to dryness and used directly in the next step.  
                 
 
     [1460] The alcohol (239) from Step G above was taken up in MeOH (50 ml) and H 2 O (5 ml) and treated with Boc anhydride (1.56 g; 7.14 mmol). The pH was adjusted to approximately 10 with 1N NaOH. The reaction mixture was concentrated, taken up in CH 2 Cl 2  and washed with H 2 O (2×) The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to a tan solid containing both product and an impurity.  
     [1461] Alternatively, compound (237) was converted to compound (240) by first preparing the acylimidazole followed by NaBH 4  reduction using the following procedure:  
     [1462] Compound (237) from Step E above (7.0 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 15 mL methanol, 60 mL dioxane and 6 mL water containing 25 mL of 10% aqueous LiOH. The mixture was heated at 60° C. for 4 hr, then it was concentrated under vacuum and the pH adjusted to 5.2 with 10% aqueous citric acid. The residue was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 , washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4  and concentrated under vacuum to give the carboxylic acid. The acid was then dissolved in 20 mL THF containing 14 mmol of 1,1′-carbonyl diimidazole and heated at 38° C. for 18 hr. The mixture was then concentrated under vacuum to give the acylimidazole. The residue was dissolved in a mixture of 21.2 mL of THF and 5.3 mL water and cooled to 0° C. To the solution was added 35 mmol of NaBH 4  and it was stirred for 1.5 hr. 5 mL brine and 25 mL CH 2 Cl 2  was then added The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4  and concentrated under vacuum to give compound (240) in essentially a quantitative yield.  
                 
 
     [1463] The crude product (240) from Step H above (200 mg; 0.45 mmol) was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2  (2 ml) and treated with triethyl amine (126 ml; 0.91 mmol) followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (35 ml; 0.45 mmol). The reaction stirred over night at room temperature. The mixture was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  and quenched with sat. aqueous NaCl. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford compound (241).  
     EXAMPLE 91 
     [1464]                   
     [1465] The mesylate compound (241) from Preparative Example 23, Step I above (230 mg; 0.442 mmol) was reacted in the same manner as Preparative Example 20, Step C. Purification of the crude product was accomplished by preparative TLC plates eluting with 95:5 CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH(NH 3 ) followed by 1:1 EtOAc:Hexanes to afford the title compound as a light tan solid (242) 105-116° C. (dec) MH + 506.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 24 
     [1466]                   
     [1467] NaCN and 3-Phenylpropionaldehyde (ACROS) were dried overnight under vacuum. The aldehyde was then passed through activated Al 2 O 3 . Tosylmethyl isocyanide (5 g, 25.6 mmol) (ACROS) and dry 3-Phenylpropionaldehyde (3.36 g; 25.1 mmol) were combined in EtOH (42 ml) and stirred for 5 minutes. To the turbid mixture was added the dry NaCN (1.23 g; 25.1 mmol). An exothermic reaction was observed and after 5 minutes TLC showed consumption of starting material. The reaction was transferred to a sealed tube and used directly in the next experiment.  
                 
 
     [1468] The crude product (243) from Step A above (25 mmol), was diluted up to 65 ml total volume with EtOH. To this mixture was added 7N NH 3  in MeOH (100 ml) and the reaction was heated to 90° C. over night (20 hr). The reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature and stirred for 2 hr then concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by flash silica column chromatoghraphy eluting with a gradient of 1-5% MeOH (sat. NH 3 )/CH 2 Cl 2  (244).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 25 
     [1469]                   
     [1470] Propionaldehyde (1.5 g; 25.11 mmol) (ACROS) and tosylmethyl isocyanide (5 g; 25.6 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as Preparative Example 24 above to afford the title compound (245).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 26 
     [1471]                   
     [1472] The (+) isomer of compound (67) from Preparative Example 6 isolated by chiral AD column chromatography was further reacted as in Preparative Example 6 to obtain compound (246).  
     EXAMPLE 92 AND 93 
     [1473]                   
     [1474] Compound (246) from Preparative Example 26 above was reacted in the same manner as Examples (22), (25) and (29) using the appropriate imidazole or isocyanate respectively to afford the title compounds (247) and (248).  
     EXAMPLES 94-96  
     [1475] In a similar manner as Preparative Example 26 above, the (+) isomer of the carbamate was obtained and reacted in essentially the same manner as Examples 92 and 93 substituting with the appropriate imidazoles, to provide compounds (249)-(251) of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1476] wherein R is defined in Table 9. In Table 9, “Cmp.#” represents “Compound #”.  
                           TABLE 9                       Ex.   R =   Cmp. #   Phys. Data                                      94                         249   mp 133.2-144.3° C. dec. MH(+) 577.14               95                         250   mp 132.1-143.8° C. dec. MH(+) 591.16               96                         251   mp 134.1-144.9° C. dec. MH(+) 563.10                  
 
     EXAMPLES 97-101  
     [1477] In essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example (20) and Example (29), compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1478] were prepared wherein R is as defined in Table 10. In Table 10, “Cmp.#” represents “Compound #”.  
                           TABLE 10                       EX.   R =   Cmp #   PHYS. DATA                                                                    97                         252   mp 148-159° C. dec. MH(+) 577.               98                         253   mp 134-142° C. dec. MH(+) 563.               99                         254   mp 90-102° C. dec. MH(+) 625.               100                         255   mp 126-139° C. dec. MH(+) 577.               101                         256   mp 151-164° C. dec. MH(+) 535.                  
 
     EXAMPLE 102 
     [1479]                   
     [1480] The (+) isomer of compound (218) obtained in essentially the same manner as Preparative Example (22), was further reacted in the same manner as in Preparative Example (6), Steps E and F, Examples (21), (23) and (29) sustituting with 2-Ethyl imidazole in Ex. (21) to afford the title compound (257). (146-157° C. dec.), MH + 564  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 27 
     [1481]                   
     [1482] In essentially the same manner as Preparative Example (20), substituting 4-methylimidazole, compound (258) was prepared as a mixture of 4 and 5 substituted imidazole derivatives. This mixture was then reacted in a similar manner as Example and the isomers separated (258A) and (258B).  
     EXAMPLE 103 
     [1483]                   
     [1484] The pure 4-methylimidazole isomer (258A) was reacted as in Preparative Example 20, Step D, and Example (29) to afford the title compound as a white solid (259). (128-138° C. dec.) MH + 549  
     EXAMPLE 104 
     [1485]                   
     [1486] Step A  
     [1487] Compound (108) from Preparative Example 9, Step E, was reacted with compound (64) from Preparative Example 6, Step A in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 6, Steps B-F, to afford a mixture of one and two methylene spaced iodo intermediates.  
     [1488] Step B  
     [1489] The mixture of intermediates from Step A above was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Example 22 to afford a mixture of one and two methylene spaced imidazole derivatives.  
     [1490] Step C  
     [1491] The mixture from Step B above was reacted in the same manner as Preparative Example 20, Step D, followed by a reaction with phenyl isocyante in the same manner as Example 15 to afford the title compound as a 1:1 mixture (260a) and (260b) (133-145° C. dec.); MH + 544  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 28 
     [1492]                   
     [1493] Ref:  Gazz. Chim. Ital.  (1972) 102, 189-195 ; J. Org. Chem.  (1991) 56, 1166-1170.  
     [1494] Ethyl nipecotate (70.16 g, 0.446 mmol) and D-tartaric acid (67 g, 1.0 eq) were dissolved in hot 95% EtOH (350 mL). The resulting solution was cooled to room temperature and filtered and the crystals washed with ice-cold 95% EtOH. The crystals were then recrystallized from 95% EtOH (550 mL) to give the tartrate salt (38.5 g, 56% yield). The salt (38.5 g) was dissolved in water (300 mL) and cooled to 0° C. before neutralizing with 3M NaOH. The solution was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (5×100 mL) and the combined organics dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a clear oil (19.0 g, 89% yield). CIMS: MH + =158.  
                 
 
     [1495] LAH (118 mL, 1.0 M in Et 2 O, 1.0 eq.) was added to a solution of the product from Step A (18.5 g, 0.125 mmol) in THF (250 mL) at 0° C. over 20 minutes. The resulting solution was warmed slowly to room temperature and then heated at reflux 2 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and quenched by the slow addition of saturated Na 2 SO 4 . The resulting slurry was dried by the addition of Na 2 SO 4 , filtered through Celite and concentrated to give a colorless oil (13.7 g, 98% crude yield). CIMS: MH + =116; [α] 20   D =−8.4° (5.0 mg in 2 mL MeOH).  
                 
 
     [1496] The product of Step B (13.6 g, 0.104 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (100 mL) and H 2 O (100 mL) di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (27.24, 1.2 eq.) was then added portionwise keeping the pH&gt;10.5 by the addition of 50% NaOH. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature an additional 2.5 hours and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with H 2 O (350 mL) and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (3×150 mL). The combined organics were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using a 50% EtOAc in hexanes solution as eluent to give a white solid (12.13 g, 48% yield). FABMS: MH + =216; [α] 20   D =+15.2 (5.0 mg in MeOH).  
                 
 
     [1497] p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (12.75 g, 1.2 eq.) was added portionwise to a solution of the product from Step C (12.00 g, 55.74 mmol) in pyridine (120 mL) at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with cold 1N HCl (5×300 mL), saturated NaHCO 3  (2×150 mL), H 2 O (1×100 mL), and brine (1×100 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated in vacuo to give a pale yellow solid (21.0 g, 100% crude yield). FABMS: MH + =370.  
                 
 
     [1498] The product of Step D (21.0 g, 55.74 mmol) in DMF (300 mL) was treated with sodium imidazole (8.37 g, 1.5 eq.) and the resulting solution heated at 60° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with H 2 O (300 mL) and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (3×150 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using a 7% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2  solution as eluent to give a pale yellow solid (7.25 g, 49% yield). FABMS: MH + =266; [α] 20   D =+8.0 (5.0 mg in MeOH).  
                 
 
     [1499] The product of Step E (5.50 g, 20.73 mmol) was stirred at room temperature in 4M HCl in dioxane (50 mL) overnight. The resulting solution was concentrated and the residue triturated with Et 2 O to give Compound (261) as a yellow solid (4.90 g, 99% yield). CIMS: MH + =166.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 29 
     [1500]                   
     [1501] By essentially the same procedure set forth in Preparative Example 28 above, using L-tartaric acid instead of D-tartaric acid in Step A, Compound (262) was prepared.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 30  
     PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS (263) AND (264).  
     [1502]                   
     [1503] 3(R)-(3-Methanesulfonyloxymethyl)pyrrolidine (J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 77-77) (0.993 g, 3.56 mmoles) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (25 mL) and sodium imidazole (0.6 g, 10 mmoles) was added. The mixture was heated at 60° C. for 2 h and then evaporated to dryness. The product was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  and washed with brine. The CH 2 Cl 2  extract was evaporated to dryness to give the titled compound (263) (1.1409 g, 100%), ESMS: FABMS (M+1)=252;  1 HNMR (CDCl 3 ) 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.5-1.7 (m, 1H), 1.9-2.1 (m, 1H), 2.5-2.7 (m, 1H), 3.0-3.2 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.9 (dd, 2H), 6.9 (s, 1H), 7.1(s, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H)  
     [1504] In a similar manner, the (S) isomer was prepared from 3(S)-(3-Methanesulfonyloxymethyl)pyrrolidine (0.993 g, 3.56 mmol) to give the title compound (1.14 g, 100%).  
                 
 
     [1505] The (R) product (0.48 g, 1.91 mmoles) from Step A was stirred in 4N HCl in dioxane (10 mL) for 2 h and then evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (263) as the HCl salt.  
     [1506] In a similar manner the (S) isomer was prepared to give compound (264) as the HCl salt.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 31 
     [1507]                   
     [1508] 1N-Benzyl-3(R)-hydroxy-pyrrolidines (5 g, 28.21 mmol) and triethylamine (7.86 mL, 56.35 mmol) were dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (50 mL) and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen at 0° C. Methanesulfonylchloride (2.62 mL, 33.87 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solution was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, water and dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and evaporated to dryness to give the (R) title compound (7.2 g, 96.4%). FABMS (M+1)=256;  1 HNMR (CDCl 3 ) 2.2 (m, 1H), 2.3 (m, 1H), 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.7-2.85 (m, 3H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 3.65 (q, 2H), 5.16 (m, 1H), 7.3 (s, 5H).  
     [1509] In a similar way the (S) isomer was prepared from 1 N-Benzyl-3(S)-hydroxy-pyrrolidines (5 g, 28.21 mmoles) to give the (S) title compound (7.15 g, 98%).  
                 
 
     [1510] A solution of the (R) product from Step A (2.0 g, 7.84 mmoles) was added to a stirred solution of imidazole (1.1 g, 16.17 mmoles) in DMF (25 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 16 h. DMF was evaporated in vacuo. The resulting crude product was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  and the extract was successively washed with water and brine, and the CH 2 Cl 2  was evaporated to leave the title residue which was chromatographed on silica gel using 3% (10% conc NH 4 OH in methanol)-CH 2 Cl 2  as eluant to give the title compound (0.95 g, 50.56%). FABMS (M+1)=228.  
     [1511] In a similar fashion the other isomer was prepared.  
                 
 
     [1512] A mixture of the (S) product (0.95 g) from Step B and 10% Pd on carbon (0.5 g) in EtOH (20 mL) was shaken at 50 psi under an atmosphere of hydrogen for 24 h. The catalyst was filtered and the solvent removed to give the title compound (266) (0.522 g, 99.9%).  
     [1513] In a similar manner the (R) isomer was prepared from 1.0 g of the starting (R) product from Step B and 10% Pd on carbon (0.6 g) to give compound (265) in 99% yield.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 32 
     [1514]                   
     [1515] By essentially the same procedure set forth in Preparative Example 31 above, beginning with L or D-prolinol, the title compounds (267) and (268) were prepared.  
                 
 
     [1516] Compound (217) from Preparative Example 19 (0.227 g, 0.499 mmol) was added to a solution of Compound (262) from Preparative Example 29 (0.131 g, 0.649 mmol), DEC (0.249 g, 1.3 mmol), HOBT (0.175 g, 1.3 mmol) and NMM (0.5 mL) in DMF (25 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with H 2 O until precipitation ceased and the slurry was filtered. The precipitate was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2 , washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated. The crude product was purified by chromatography using a 5% (10% NH 4 OH in MeOH) solution in CH 2 Cl 2  as eluent to give the title compound (269) (0.184 g, 62% yield).  
     EXAMPLES 106-111  
     [1517] Using the appropriate amine from the Preparative Examples 28-32, and following essentially the same procedure as in Example 105 above, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1518] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 11 
                           TABLE 11                       EX.   R =   Compound #   PHYS. DATA                                      106                         270   MH +  = 603               107                         271   MH +  = 589               108                         272   MH +  = 589               109                         273   MH +  = 589               110                         274   MH +  = 603               111                         275   MH +  = 603                  
 
     EXAMPLE 112 
     [1519]                   
     [1520] Compound (274) from Example 110 above (0.125 g, 0.213 mmoles) in CH 2 Cl 2  (50 mL) was stirred with TFA (10 mL) at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated to give the TFA salt (0.28 g) which was redissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (50 mL) and cooled (ice water bath). Triethyl amine (0.1 mL) followed by methane sulfonyl chloride (0.038 g, 0.319 mmoles) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with sodium bicarbonate and water. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4  and evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (276) (0.05 g, MH+=567)  
     EXAMPLE 113 
     [1521]                   
     [1522] Starting with Compound (273) from Example 109 above and following essentially the same procedure as in Example 112 above, Compound (277) was prepared (MH+=567).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 33 
     [1523]                   
     [1524] To a stirred solution of bromine (33.0 g, 210 mmol) in CCl 4  (100 ml) was added a solution of dibenzosuberenone (37.0 g, 179 mmol) in CCl 4  (200 ml) at room temperature. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The white crystals were collected by filtration to give the product (278) (60.12 g, 92% yield, M+H=367).  
                 
 
     [1525] A solution of the di-bromo compound (278) from step A (60.0 g, 163 mmol) and NaOH (20.0 g, 491 mmol) in MeOH (500 ml) was stirred and heated to reflux for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred overnight. The mixture was evaporated to dryness then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 —H 2 O. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to give a yellow solid (279) (46.34 g, 100% yield, M=285)  
                 
 
     [1526] To a stirred solution of the mono-bromo compound (279) from step B (10.0 g, 35.07 mmol) in MeOH (200 ml) under nitrogen at 0° C. was added NaBH 4  (1.94 g, 51.2 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 1.5 hours, then evaporated, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 —H 2 O. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, and evaporated to dryness to give a white solid (280) (10.3 g, 100%, M=287).  
                 
 
     [1527] To a stirred solution of the alcohol (280) from Step C (10.0 g, 34.8 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (200 ml) at 0° C. was added 2,6-lutidine (14.9 g, 139.3 mmol) and thionyl chloride (8.28 g, 69.66 mmol). The resulting solution was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solution was then poured onto 0.5N NaOH solution, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined aqueous layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated to dryness to give a crude brown oil (15.5 g). To a solution of this crude oil (15.5 g) in acetonitrile (200 ml) was added 2,6-Bis (dimethyl)-1-methyl piperidine (10.81 g, 69.66 mmol) and N-Boc piperidine (6.49 g, 34.83 mmol). The resulting mixture was warmed to 65° C. overnight. The mixture was evaporated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 /saturated NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 5% EtOAc/95% Hexane to give the protected N-Boc compound (281) (5.68 g, 36% yield, MH + =455).  
                 
 
     [1528] To a solution of the N-Boc compound (281) from Step D (4.0 g, 8.78 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (100 ml) and methanol (20 ml) was added triphenylphosphine (1.15 g, 4.39 mmol), DBU (1.81 g, 11.9 mmol) and palladium (II) chloride (0.15 g, 0.88 mmol). The resulting mixture was purged with carbon oxide at 80 psi to 100 psi and heated to 78° C.-82° C. for 5 hours, followed by stirring at room temperature for overnight. The solution was then extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, evaporated and the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 10% EtOAc/90% Hexane to give the ester compound (282) (2.1 g, 55% yield, MH + =435).  
                 
 
     [1529] To a stirred solution of the ester compound (282) from Step E (1.2 g, 2.77 mmol) in THF (15 ml) at 0° C. was added a 1M solution of DIBAL (16.62 ml, 16.62 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. To the solution was then added 10% potassium sodium tartarate, followed by extraction with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and evaporated to give a solid (283) (1.1 g, 100% yield, MH + =406).  
                 
 
     [1530] To a solution of the alcohol (283) from Step F (0.62 g, 1.52 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (15 ml) under nitrogen was added triethyl amine (0.64 ml, 4.56 mmol) and methane sulfonyl chloride (0.26 g, 2.29 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was washed with NaHCO 3  solution, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give the mesylate compound (284) (0.53 g, 76% yield, M-CH 3 SO 3 H=389.1).  
                 
 
     [1531] To a stirred solution of 1-methyl-imidazole (1.04 g, 12.7 mmol) in DMF (10 ml) under nitrogen, was added NaH (0.305 g, 12.7 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes, followed by the addition of the mesylate compound (284) from step G (2.05 g, 4.23 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then evaporated to dryness, and extracted with an EtOAc-NaHCO 3  solution. The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , concentrated and the crude product purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 2% MeOH/98% NH 3 —CH 2 Cl 2  to give the product (285) (0.775 g, 39% yield, MH + =471).  
                 
 
     [1532] A solution of the product (285) from step H (0.3 g, 0.64 mmol) in 4M HCl in dioxane (40 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours and then concentrated to dryness to give the hydrochloride salt of the title product (286) (0.42 g, 100% yield, MH + =371).  
     EXAMPLES 114 AND 115  
     [1533] The racemic mixture of Preparative Example 33, Step H above was seperated into its pure isomers by HPLC, using a Chiral AD column eluting with 15% IPA/75% Hexane/0.2% DEA to afford the compounds in Table 12.  
                               TABLE 12                                   EX. #   CMPD #   PHYS. DATA                          114   287 isomer 1   MS M +  = 471           115   288 isomer 2   MS M +  = 471                      
 
     EXAMPLES 116-119  
     [1534] Starting with the piperazine compound (286) from Preparative Example 33 Step I, and reacting it with the appropriate isocyanate or sulfonyl chloride, following essentially the same procedure as indicated in Table 13, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1535] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 13.  
                               TABLE 13                       EX. #   PROCEDURE   R =   CMPD #   PHYS. DATA                                          116   Example 13                         289 isomer 1   MS M +  = 515               117   Example 13                         290 isomer 2   MS M +  = 515               118   Example 24                         291a isomer 1   MS M +  = 449               119   Example 24                         291b isomer 2   MS M +  = 449                  
 
     [1536] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34 
                 
 
     [1537] To a stirred solution of alcohol (280) from Preparative Example 33, Step C (30.0 g, 104.5 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (500 mL) under nitrogen at −20° C. was added thionyl chloride (106.7 mL, 1.46 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight and then evaporated to dryness. The crude mixtue was diluted with toluene (50 mL), followed by the addition of more SOCl 2  (106.7 mL) at room temperature. The resulting solution was heated to reflux for 2 hours until the reaction went to completion. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and concentrated to dryness to give a light brown solid (292) (35.67 g, 100% yield, M-BrCl=191).  
                 
 
     [1538] To a suspension of Mg (3.63 g) in anhydrous THF (95 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature was added 4-chloro-1-methyl piperidine (3 mL, 10% of the total amount) and one small crystal of iodine. The resulting solution was heated to reflux, followed by the addition of iodomethane (0.5 mL) and the remainder of the 4-chloro-1-methyl piperidine (27 mL). The reaction was stirred for one hour and then concentrated to dryness to give the crude Grignard reagent (0.8M).  
     [1539] To a stirred solution of the chloro compound (292) from Preparative Example 34, Step A (35.67 g, 116.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF (200 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature, was added dropwise the Grignard reagent (as obtained above) (0.8M, 146 mL, 116.7 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, followed by the extraction with EtOAc-H 2 O. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to give the product (293) (49.25 g, 100% yield, MH + =368).  
                 
 
     [1540] To a stirred solution of Compound (293) from Step B above (42.9 g, 116.5 mmol) in toluene (400 mL) under nitrogen was added triethylamine (49 mL, 349.5 mmol). The resulting solution was heated to refux, followed by the dropwise addition of ethyl chloroformate (126 g, 1165 mmol). Continued to heat the solution at the reflux temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was then stirred at room temperature overnight, followed by extraction with an EtOAc-1N NaOH solution. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and the crude product purified by column chromatography on normal phase silica gel, eluting with 30% EtOAc/70% Hexane to give a light yellow solid (294) (2.99 g, 12% yield, MH + =426.3).  
                 
 
     [1541] A solution of the ester (294) from step C above (3.34 g, 7.83 mmol) in 6N HCl (20 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and basified with NH 4 OH solution, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, and evaporated to dryness to give a crude free piperidine (2.80 g, 100% yield, MH + =534)  
     [1542] To the crude material (as obtained above) (2.77 g, 7.82 mmol) in 50% MeOH/1% H 2 O (200 mL) was added Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (3.41 g, 15.64 mmol). The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH=9 and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, evaporated to dryness then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 —H 2 O. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by HPLC, using chiral AD column, eluting with 15% IPA/75% Hexane/0.2% DEA to give the pure isomers of the N-Boc compounds (295a) and (295b) (3.42 g, 96% yield, MH + =454).  
                 
 
     [1543] To a stirred solution of the pure (+) or (−) isomer of the N-Boc compound from Step D above (4.0 g, 8.78 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (100 mL) and methanol (20 mL) was added triphenyl phosphine (1.15 g, 4.39 mmol), DBU (1.81 g, 11.9 mmol) and palladium (II) chloride (0.15 g, 0.88 mmol). The resulting mixture was purged with carbon monooxide at 80 psi to 100 psi and heated to 78° C.-82° C. for 5 hours, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The solution was then extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, evaporated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 10% EtOAc/90% Hexane to give the ester (296a) or (296b) (2.1 g, 55% yield, MH + =435).  
                 
 
     [1544] To a stirred solution of the (+) or (−) isomer of the ester from Step E above, (1.2 g, 2.77 mmol) in THF (15 mL) at 0° C. was added 1M solution of DIBAL (16.62 mL, 16.62 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. To the solution was then added 10% potential sodium tartarate, followed by extraction with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and evaporated to give a solid (297a) or (297b) (1.1 g, 100% yield, MH + =406).  
                 
 
     [1545] To a stirred solution of the (+) or (−) isomer of the alcohol from Step F, above (0.62 g, 1.52 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (15 mL) under nitrogen was added triethyl amine (0.64 mL, 4.56 mmol) and methane sulfonyl chloride (0.26 g, 2.29 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for overnight. The mixture was washed with NaHCO 3  solution, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give the mesylate compound (298a) or (298b) (0.53 g, 76% yield, M-CH 3 SO 3 H=389.1).  
                 
 
     [1546] To a stirred solution of 1-methyl-imidazole (1.04 g, 12.7 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) under nitrogen, was added NaH (0.305 g, 12.7 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes, followed by the addition of the (+) or (−) isomer of the mesylate compound (299) from Step G above (2.05 g, 4.23 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then evaporated to dryness, followed by extraction with an EtOAc-NaHCO 3  solution. The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , concentrated and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluting with 2% MeOH/98% NH 3 —CH 2 Cl 2  to give the product (299a) or (299b) (0.775 g, 39% yield, MH + =471).  
                 
 
     [1547] A solution of the (+) or (−) isomer of the product from Step I above (0.3 g, 0.64 mmol) in 4M HCl in dioxane (40 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours and then concentrated to dryness to give the HCl salt of the product (300a) or (300b) (0.42 g, 100% yield, MH + =371).  
     EXAMPLES 120 AND 121  
     [1548] Starting with the appropriate (+) or (−) isomer of Compound (300) and reacting in a similiar manner as in Example 13 using the appropriate isocyanate, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1549] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 14.  
                               TABLE 14                           PRO-       CMPD   PHYS.       EX. #   CEDURE   R =   #   DATA                                          120   Example 13                         301 isomer 1   MS MH +  =514               121   Example 13                         302 isomer 2   MS MH+ =514                  
 
     [1550] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 35 
                 
 
     [1551] To a stirred solution of the bomo-compound (295a) from Preparative Example 34, Step D, (0.5 g, 1.10 mmol) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (4.3 mL) under nitrogen, was added lithium chloride (0.14 g, 3.3 mmol), tri-2-furylphosphine (0.013 g, 0.04 mmol) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)-dipalladium(0) (0.02 g, 0.02 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, followed by the addition of tributyl (vinyl) tin (0.39 g, 1.24 mmol). The reaction was then heated to 85° C. for 2 hours, followed by extraction with EtOAc-H 2 O. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on normal phase silica gel, eluted with 10% EtOAc/90% CH 2 Cl 2  to give a light yellow liquid (303a) (0.06 g, 15% yield, MH + =390).  
                 
 
     [1552] To a stirred solution of 1-methylimidazole (0.377 g, 4.6 mmol) in anhydrous THF (4 mL) under nitrogen at −78° C., was added 2.5M n-BuLi/Hexane (0.33 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes and then allowed to warm at room temperature. To this stirred solution was added the alkene compound (303a) from step A above,(0.78 g, 2.1 mmol) in THF. The resulting solution was then heated to 120° C. overnight then cooled to room temperature, and extracted with EtOAc-H 2 O. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, evaporated and purified by column chromatography on normal phase silica gel, eluted with 3% MeOH/97% NH 3 —CH 2 Cl 2  to give a light yellow solid (304a) (0.09 g, 10% yield, MH + =456.1).  
                 
 
     [1553] A solution of the product (304a) from Step B above (0.18 g, 3.72 mmol) in 4M HCl/dioxane (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then concentrated to dryness to give a crude off white solid (305a) (0.22 g, 100% yield, MH + =384.2).  
     [1554] Using the same procedure as defined in Preparative Example 35 above starting with the Boc-protected Bromo compound (295b), compound (305b) was prepared (MH + =384.2).  
     EXAMPLES 122-125  
     [1555] Starting with the appropriate (+) or (−) isomer of Compound (305) (i.e., 305a and 305b) and reacting in a similiar manner as in Example 13 using the appropriate isocyanate, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1556] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 15.  
                               TABLE 15                       EX. #   PROCEDURE   R =   CMPD #   PHYS. DATA                                          122   Example 13                         306 isomer 1   MS MH +  = 537.1 m.p. = 118.1-119.0° C.               123   Example 13                         307 isomer 2   MS MH +  = 537.1 m.p. = 107.8-108.4° C.               124   Example 13                         308 isomer 1   MS MH +  = 528.2 m.p. = 119.6-120.2° C.               125   Example 13                         309 isomer 2   MS MH +  = 528.2 m.p. = 120.5-121.3° C.                  
 
     [1557] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 36 
                 
 
     [1558] To a solution of Compound (93A) from Example 7, Step A (5.0 g, 10.02 mmol) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (40 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature, was added LiCl (1.27 g, 30.06 mmol), Tri-2-furrylphosphine (0.093 g, 0.4 mmol) and tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium(0) (0.18 g, 0.2 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, followed by the addition of tributyl(vinyl) tin (3.3 mL, 11.3 mmol) and stirred overnight at 80° C.-85° C. The solution was cooled to room temperature, followed by extraction with EtOAc-H 2 O. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluted with 20% EtOAc/80% CH 2 Cl 2  to give the product (310) (3.88 g, 95% yield, MH + =409.1)  
                 
 
     [1559] To a stirred solution of 4,5-dimethylimidazole (25.8 mg, 0.268 mmol) in anhydrous THF (0.2 mL) at −78° C. under Argon, was added 2.5M n-BuLi (0.032 mL, 0.08 mmol). The resulting solution was warmed to room temperature, followed by the addition of the alkene compound (310) from Step A above (0.1 g, 0.24 mmol) in anhydrous THF (0.2 mL). The solution was then heated in an oil bath to 120° C. for 25 hours, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 —H 2 O. The combined organic layer was then washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 5% MeOH/95% CH 2 Cl 2  to give the product (311) (0.046 g, 100% yield, MH + =505).  
                 
 
     [1560] A solution of Compound (311) from Step B above (0.57 g, 1.28 mmol) in 6N HCl (20 mL) was heated to reflux for 24 hours then concentrated to dryness. To the residue was then added saturated NaHCO 3  and NaCl. The solution was extracted twice with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated to dryness to give the crude product (0.52 g, 93% yield). The crude material was then dissolved in 20% EtOH/80% Hexane/0.2% DEA and purified by HPLC on a preparative AD column, eluting with 20%-50% IPA/Hexane/0.2% DEA (UV=254 nm, Attn=1024, ABS=2) to give pure isomers of the product (312a) and (312b) (0.225 g, MH + =433).  
     EXAMPLES 126-133  
     [1561] Starting with the appropriate (+) or (−) isomer of Compound (312) (i.e., 312a or 312b) and reacting in a similiar manner as in Example 13 using the appropriate isocyanate or sulfonyl chloride, compounds of the following formula:  
                 
 
     [1562] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 16.  
                               TABLE 16                                       PHYS.                       DATA           PRO-       CMPD   Mass       EX. #   CEDURE   R =   #   spec                                          126   Example 13                         313 isomer 1   M +  =577               127   Example 13                         314 isomer 2   M +  =577               128   Example 13                         315 isomer 1   M +  =558               129   Example 13                         316 isomer 2   M +  =558               130   Example 13                         317 isomer 1   M +  =570               131   Example 13                         318 isomer 2   M +  =570               132   Example 13                         319 isomer 1   M +  =511               133   Example 13                         320 isomer 2   M +  =511                  
 
     [1563] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 37 
                 
 
     [1564] To a solution of Compound (310) from Preparative Example 36, Step A (0.66 g, 8.1 mmol) in THF (4.0 mL) under nitrogen at −78° C., was added dropwise 2.5M n-BuLi/Hexane (1.5 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes, then allowed to warm to room temperature, followed by the addition of 1-methylimidazole (3.0 g, 7.3 mmol) in THF (3.0 mL). The solution was then heated to 120° C. over the weekend and then cooled down to room temperature and concentrated to dryness. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc-H 2 O, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 3% MeOH/97% NH 3 —CH 2 Cl 2  to give the product (321)(1.64 g, 46% yield, MH + =491.1).  
                 
 
     [1565] A solution of Compound (321) from Preparative Example 37, Step A above (0.6 g, 1.22 mmol) in 12N HCl (10 mL) was heated to reflux overnight then concentrated to dryness to give the residue as a gum. This residue was dissolved in saturated NaHCO 3 , stirred for 10 minutes, saturated with NaCl and then stirred with CH 2 Cl 2  for 10 minutes. The solid was filtered and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with CH 2 Cl 2 , and the organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give the Compound (322) as a light brown solid (566 mg, MH + =419.1).  
                 
 
     [1566] To a solution of Compound (322) from Step B above (0.566 g, 1.35 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) and H 2 O (1 mL) at 0° C., was added Boc anhydride (0.44 g, 2.02 mmol). The solution was basified with 1N NaOH solution to maintain pH=8.5-9.5 and concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 —H 2 O. The combined organic layer was washed twice with H 2 O then brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give a mixture of isomers 1 and 2 (0.63 g, 100% yield). The isomers were separated by HPLC on a prep AD column, eluting with 15%1PA/85%hexane/0.2%DEA (wave length=254 nm, Attn=64, ABS=1) to give isomer 1 (323a) (0.28 g, MH + =519.2) and isomer 2 (323b) (0.28 g, MH + =519.2)  
                 
 
     [1567] A solution of Compound (323a) isomer 1 from Step C above (0.24 g, 0.46 mmol) in 4N HCl/Dioxane (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. CH 2 Cl 2  (7 mL) was added to the solution and the reaction continued to stir for 2 hrs before being concentrated to dryness. The solution was stirred for 5 minutes with saturated NaHCO 3 , then saturated with NaCl and extracted three times with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to give Compound (322a) isomer 1(0.163 g, 84% yield, MH + =419.2).  
     [1568] Compound (322b) was prepared in a similar manner as in Step D above, starting with Compound (323b) to give the other isomer (0.193 g, 84% yield, MH + =419.2)  
     EXAMPLES 134-147  
     [1569] Starting with compound 322a or 322b and reacting in a similiar manner as in Example 13 using the appropriate chloroformate, isocyanate, or sulfonyl chloride (or in the case of carboxylic acid, using DEC mediated coupling), compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1570] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 17.  
                               TABLE 17                           PRO-                       CED-       CMPD   PHYS.       EX. #   URE   R =   #   DATA                                          134   Ex- ample 13                         324 Isomer 1   MS M +  =545.2               135   Ex- ample 13                         325 Isomer 2   MS M +  =545.2               136   Ex- ample 13                         326 Isomer 1   MS M +  =563.2               137   Ex- ample 13                         327 Isomer 2   MS M +  =563.2               138   Ex- ample 13                         328 Isomer 1   MS M +  =606.1 m.p. =62.7-63.0° C.               139   Ex- ample 13                         329 Isomer 2   MS M +  =606.1 m.p. =70.1-71.0° C.               140   Ex- ample 13                         330 Isomer 1   MS M +  =572.1 m.p. =120.1-121.4° C.               141   Ex- ample 13                         331 Isomer 2   MS M +  =572.1 m.p. =128.0-129.0°               142   Ex- ample 13                         332 Isomer 1   MS M +  =544.2               143   Ex- ample 13                         333 Isomer 2   MS M +  =544.2               144   Ex- ample 13                         334 Isomer 1   MS M +  =554.1 m.p. =111.9-112.0° C.               145   Ex- ample 13                         335 Isomer 2   MS M +  =554.1 m.p. =114.3-115°               146   Ex- ample 13                         336 Isomer 1   MS M +  =497.1 m.p. =52.4-53.3° C.               147   Ex- ample 13                         337 Isomer 2   MS M +  =497.1 m.p. =47.1-48.0°                  
 
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 38 
     [1571]                   
     [1572] To a solution of Compound (310) from Preparative Example 36 Step A (3.0 g, 7.34 mmol) in THF (8 mL) under nitrogen at −78° C., was added dropwise 2.5M n-BuLi/Hexane (0.65 mL, 8.07 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes, then allowed to warm to room temperature, followed by the addition of 4-methylimidazole (0.66 g, 8.07 mmol) in THF. The solution was heated to 120° C. over night cooled down to room temperature and concentrated to dryness The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc-H 2 O, and the organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to give a mixture of 4-methyl substituted (338) and 5-methyl substituted (339) products (2.76 g, 76% yield, M + =491.1).  
     [1573] Step B  
     [1574] In a similar manner as described in Example 11, the mixture of products from Step A, above were first seperated into a mixture of pure 4 and 5-substitured (+) enantiomers and pure 4 and 5-substituted (−) enantiomers using chiral HPLC column chromatography, then upon treatment with triphenyl methyl chloride following the procedure in Example 11, the compounds were further seperated into the pure isomers of the 4-substituted compound (338a) (MS M+=491; mp=72.1-73.0C) and (338b) (MS M+=491; mp=68.9-69.0° C.) and the 5-substituted compound (339a) and (339b).  
                 
 
     [1575] A solution of Compound (338a) from step B above (0.035 g, 0.071 mmol) in 6N HCl (2.0 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. The solution was cooled to room temperature, basified with NH 4 OH solution and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to give pure isomer 1, Compound (340a) (0.0334 g, 100% yield, MH + =419.1; mp=60.3-61.0° C.).  
     [1576] In a similar manner as above, starting with Compound (338b) (isomer 2), Compound (340b) (MH + =419.1) was prepared.  
     EXAMPLES 148-156  
     [1577] Starting with the appropriate (+) or (−) isomer of Compound (340) (i.e., 340a or 340b) and reacting in a similiar manner using the procedure shown in Table 18 with the appropriate chloroformate, isocyanate or sulfonyl chloide, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1578] prepared wherein R is defined in Table 18.  
                               TABLE 18                       EX. #   PROCEDURE   R =   CMPD #   PHYS. DATA                                                    148   Preparative   BOC   341   MS MH +  = 519           Ex.4; Step A           m.p. = 90.2-91.0° C.               149   Example 13                         342 isomer 1   MS MH +  = 545 m.p. = 58.8-59.6° C.               150   Example 13                         343 isomer 2   MS MH +  = 545 m.p. = 60.8-61.2° C.               151   Example 13                         344 isomer 1   MS MH +  = 545 m.p. = 98.7-99.5° C.               152   Example 13                         345 isomer 2   MS MH +  = 545 m.p. = 111.3-112.0° C.               153   Example 13                         346 isomer 1   MS MH +  = 544 m.p. = 77.1-77.8° C.               154   Example 13                         347 isomer 2   MS MH +  = 544 m.p. = 78.9-79.0° C.               155   Example 13                         348 isomer 1   MS MH +  = 497 m.p. = 87.4-88.0° C.               156   Example 13                         349 isomer 2   MS MH +  = 497 m.p. = 88.0-89.0° C.                  
 
     [1579] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 39 
                 
 
     [1580] Compound (339a) was reacted in a similar manner as in Preparative Example 38, Step C to give Compound (350a) (0.13 g, 76% yield, MH + =419.3).  
     [1581] Compound (350b) was prepared in the same manner as above.  
     EXAMPLES 157-160  
     [1582] Starting with the appropriate (+) or (−) isomer of Compound (350) (i.e., 350a or 350b) and reacting in a similiar manner using the procedure indicated in the table below and the appropriate Boc or isocyanate reagent, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1583] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 19.  
                               TABLE 19                       EX. #   PROCEDURE   R =   CMPD #   PHYS. DATA                  157   Preparative   BOC   351   MS MH +  = 519           Ex.4; Step A       isomer 1   m.p. = 87.8-88.2° C.       158   Preparative   BOC   352   MS MH +  = 519           Ex.4; Step A       isomer 2   m.p. = 87.8-88.2 ° C.               159   Example 13                         353 isomer 1   MS MH +  = 563               160   Example 13                         354 isomer 2   MS MH +  = 563 m.p. = 130.1-131.0° C.                  
 
     [1584] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 40 
                 
 
     [1585] To a solution of Compound (93A) from Preparative Example 7, Step A (2.92 g, 5.5 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (70 mL) and MeOH (10 mL) was added triphenyl phosphine (0.72 g, 2.75 mmol), DBU (1.11 mL, 7.42 mmol) and PdCl 2 (0.097 g, 0.55 mmol). The resulting solution was purged with CO (100 psi), then heated to 80° C. for five hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature, purged with nitrogen and evaporated to dryness to give a brown oil. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 1% MeOH/99% CH 2 Cl 2  to 4% MeOH/96%CH 2 Cl 2  to give Compound (355) (2.22 g, 92.5% yield, MH + =441.1).  
                 
 
     [1586] A solution of Compound (355) from Preparative Example 40, Step A (2.2 g, 4.99 mmol) in 6N HCl (50 mL) was heated to 100° C.-110° C. overnight. The solution was cooled to room temperature and evaporated to dryness to give the crude product. To a solution of the crude material in MeOH (50 mL) and H 2 O (1 mL) at 0° C., was added Boc anhydride (1.63 g, 7.48 mmol). The resulting solution was basified with 1 N NaOH to pH=8.5-9.5 and stirred for two hours at 0° C., then evaporated to dryness and extracted with EtOAc-5% Citric acid solution. The organic layer was washed with H 2 O, then brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give Compound (356) as a yellow solid (2.29 g, 100% yield, MH + =455.1).  
                 
 
     [1587] To a solution of Compound (356) from Preparative Example 40, Step B above (2.26 g, 4.97 mmol) in anhydrous benzene (18.0 mL) and MeOH (2 mL), was added, over five minutes, (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (3 mL, 5.99 mmol) in 2M 1 N Hexane. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for one hour then evaporated to dryness to give 2.33 g of crude material (MH + =369).  
     [1588] A solution of the crude material (obtained above) in 4N HCl in Dioxane (25 mL) was stirred at room temperature for one hour. The reaction was then evaporated to dryness and purified by flash silica gel column chromatography, eluting with 2% MeOH/98% CH 2 Cl 2  to 6% MeOH/94% CH 2 Cl 2  and then with 50% (10% NH 4 OH/CH 3 OH/50% CH 2 Cl 2 ). The collected fractions were evaporated to dryness and diluted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic solution was then washed with saturated NaHCO 3  and brine, dried with Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to afford Compound (357) (1.26 g, 68.3% yield, MH + =369).  
                 
 
     [1589] To a solution of Compound (357) from Preparative Example 40, Step C (0.6 g, 1.62 mmol) in anhydrous THF (6 mL) at 0° C. was added DIBAL (1 M solution in toluene) (9.78 mL, 9.78 mmol). The resulting solution was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solution was then quenched with MeOH and evaporated to dryness to give a crude product.  
     [1590] To the crude material (obtained above) in MeOH at 0° C. was added Boc anhydride (1.06 g, 4.9 mmol). The resulting solution was basified with 1N NaOH to pH=8.5-9.5, stirred for 1 hour and evaporated to dryness. The crude material was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  to give a slurry. The precipitate was then filtered through celite and the CH 2 Cl 2  was washed with H 2 O, brine, filtered over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated to dryness. The crude alcohol product (358) (1.27 g, 100% yield) was used in the next step without further purification.  
                 
 
     [1591] To a cooled solution of the alcohol (358) from Step D above (1.2 g, 2.73 mmol) in anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2  (12 mL) at 0° C. was added triethyl amine (1.14 mL, 8.18 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.3 mL, 4.1 mmol). The resulting solution was warmed to room temperature stirred overnight, then quenched with H 2 O and stirred for 10 minutes. The reaction was washed with water, then brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to give Compound (359) (1.22 g, 86% yield).  
                 
 
     [1592] To a solution of anhydrous DMF (5 mL) at 0° C. was added, NaH (0.19 g, 8.18 mmol) and 2-methylimidazole (0.67 g, 8.18 mmol). The resulting solution was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 20 minutes. To the reaction was added a solution of Compound (359) from Step E above (1.22 g, 2.3 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5 mL). The resulting of solution was stirred at room temperature overnight, then diluted with EtOAc and washed with water then brine. The organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , concentrated to dryness and purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 1% MeOH/99% CH 2 Cl 2  to 5%MeOH/CH 2 Cl 2  to give the product as a mixture of isomers (1.18 g, 100% yield, MH + =505.2). Separation of the product mixture by HPLC using a prep AD column, eluting with 25%1PA/75%hexane/0.2%DEA (isocratic 60 ml/min.) afforded pure isomer 1 (360a) (0.251 g, MH + =505.1) and isomer 2 (360b) (0.251 g, MH + =505.1) as light pink solids.  
                 
 
     [1593] A solution of Compound (360a) (isomer 1) from Step F above (0.2 g, 0.4 mmol) in 4N HCl in Dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and then evaporated to dryness to afford Compound (361 a) (0.292 g, 100% yield).  
     [1594] Compound (361 b) (isomer 2) was prepared in a similar manner as above beginning with Compound (360b) from Preparative Example 40, Step F.  
     EXAMPLES 161-166  
     [1595] Starting with the appropriate (+) or (−) isomer of Compound (361) (i.e., 361 a or 361b) and reacting in a similiar manner as in Example 13 using the appropriate isocyanate shown in Table 20, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1596] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 20.  
                               TABLE 20                           PRO-                       CED-       CMPD   PHYS.       EX. #   URE   R =   #   DATA                                          161   Ex- ample 13                         362a isomer 1   MS MH+ =548               162   Ex- ample 13                         362b isomer 2   MS MH+ =548               163   Ex- ample 13                         363a isomer 1   MS MH+ =541               164   Ex- ample 13                         363b isomer 2   MS MH+ =541               165   Ex- ample 13                         364a isomer 1   MS MH+ =558               166   Ex- ample 13                         364b isomer 2   MS MH+ =558               166.1   Ex- ample 13                         364.1   Mp 201.5-208.3° C.                  
 
     [1597] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 41 
                 
 
     [1598] In essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, Steps A-D, using the 6-Bromo substituted product from Step B, Compound (234b), the product Compound (365) was prepared (76.6 g, 100% yield).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 42 
     [1599]                   
     [1600] To a solution of Compound (365) from Preparative Example 41 (4.0 g, 8.16 mmol) in toluene (75 mL) and MeOH (20 mL), was added triphenyl phosphine (1.099 g, 4.08 mmol), DBU (1.7 g, 11.02 mmol) and palladium chloride (0.145 g, 0.82 mmol). The resulting solution was evacuated with CO at 100 psi and heated at 78° C.-82° C. for 5 hours, followed by the extraction with EtOAc-H 2 O. The combined organic layer was then washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography, eluting with 30% EtOAc/70% Hexane to give a Compound (366) (3.12 g, 100% yield, MH + =470.1).  
                 
 
     [1601] A solution of Compound (366) from Step A above (3.1 g, 6.6 mmol) in 4M HCl/Dioxane (120 mL) was stirred for 3 hours and then concentrated to dryness to give the crude salt of Compound (367) (3.89 g, 100% yield, MH + =370.2)  
                 
 
     [1602] To a solution of Compound (367) from Step B above (3.43 g, 8.45 mmol) in THF (60 mL) at 0° C., was added DIBAL (7.21 g, 50.7 mmol). The resulting solution was warmed to room temperature, stirred overnight and then concentrated to dryness, followed by the addition of Boc anhydride (3.69 g, 16.9 mmol). The reaction was then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 —H 2 O, filtered over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated to dryness to afford Compound (368) (3.75 g, 100% yield, MH + =442.4).  
     [1603] Step C.1 Alternate Preparation of Compound (368)  
     [1604] A solution of compound 366 from step A above (23.46 g, 50.98 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 — MeOH—H 2 O (120 mL, 600 mL, 60 mL respectively) combined with LiOH (12.0 g, 350.88 mmol) was refluxed at 40° C. overnight. Solvent was removed from the reaction mixture and the residue diluted with CH 2 Cl 2 , was acidified to pH 6 with 1 N HCl. The organic layer was separated and washed with water, dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated. The product was dissolved in THF (285 mL) at 0° C. Triethyl amine (6 mL, 42.97 mmol) and ethyl chloroformate (4.1 mL, 42.97 mmol) were added and stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was cooled to −70° C. To this filtrate was added NaBH 4  (3.97 g, 104.94 mmol) and stirred for 1 h at −70° C. after which time 40 mL of MeOH was added dropwise. The solvents were removed and the residue taken up in methylene chloride, washed with sat. (aq) NaHCO 3 , then brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated to give Compound (368) as a solid.  
                 
 
     [1605] To a solution of Compound (368) from Step C above (3.74 g, 8.46 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (100 mL) was added triethyl amine (3.5 mL, 25.38 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (1.45 g, 2.7 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred under nitrogen at room temperature for overnight and then washed with saturated NaHCO 3 , then brine, and dried over Na 2 SO 4  to give the mesylate compound (369) (3.86 g, 88% yield).  
                 
 
     [1606] To a solution of 2-methylimidazole (2.43 g, 29.68 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) under N 2  was added NaH (0.53 g, 22.3 mmol) and stirred for 10 min, followed by the addition of Compound (369) from Step D above (3.86 g, 7.42 mmol). The solution was stirred over night. The solution was then concentrated to dryness and extracted with EtOAc-NaHCO 3 , dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography, eluting with 2% MeOH—NH 3/98 % CH 2 Cl 2  to afford a mixture of isomers. Further separation was accomplished by Preparative HPLC Chiral AD Column chromatography, eluting with 25% IPA/75% hexane/0.2% DEA to give pure Compound (370a) (isomer 1) (0.160 g) and Compound (370b) (isomer 2) (0.140 g) (MH + =506.1)  
                 
 
     [1607] A solution of Compound (370a) (isomer 1) from Step E above (0.105 g, 0.21 mmol) in 4M HCl/Dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours and concentrated to dryness to afford Compound (371 a) (0.147 g, 100% yield)  
     [1608] Compound (370b) (isomer 2) from Step E was treated in the same manner as isomer 1 above, to afford Compound (371 b) (isomer 2).  
     EXAMPLE 167  
     [1609] To a solution of compound 371 a (1.3 g, 2.94 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (60 mL) was added triethyl amine (1.3 mL, 9.4 mmol) and p-cyano phenyl isocyanate (0.466 g, 3.24 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight, followed by the extraction with CH 2 Cl 2  and saturated NaHCO 3 . The organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , evaporated and the residue purified by column chromatography, eluting with 1%-2% MeOH—NH 3/98 % CH 2 Cl 2  to afford compound (372) (0.870 g, 48% yield) see Table 21 below.  
     EXAMPLE 168  
     [1610] Compound 371 b (isomer 2) was reacted in a similar manner as in Example 13 with p-cyano phenyl isocyanate to afford compound (373) see Table 21 below.  
     EXAMPLE 169  
     [1611] Compound 371 a (isomer 1) was reacted in a similar manner as in Example 13 with p-chloro phenyl isocyanate to afford compound (374) see Table 21 below.  
     EXAMPLE 170  
     [1612] Compound 371 b (isomer 2) was reacted in a similar manner as in Example 13 with p-chloro phenyl isocyanate to afford compound (375) see Table 21 below.  
     EXAMPLES 167-170.1 
     [1613]                   
     [1614] (R is defined in Table 21).  
                               TABLE 21                           PRO-       CMPD   PHYS.       EX. #   CEDURE   R =   #   DATA                                          167   Example 13                         372 isomer 1 S- isomer   MS MH+ =550               168   Example 13                         373 isomer 2 R- isomer   MS MH+ =550               169   Example 13                         374 isomer 1 S- isomer   MS MH+ =559               170   Example 13                         375 isomer 2 R- isomer   MS MH+ =559               170.1   Example 13                         375.1 isomer 1   MS MH+ =525                  
 
     [1615] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 43 
                 
 
     [1616] To a solution of 1-ethylimidazole (0.33 g, 3.46 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) under nitrogen was added NaH (0.083 g, 3.46 mmol) and stirred for 10 minutes, followed by the addition of Compound (369) from Preparative Example 42, Step D (0.6 g, 1.15 mmol) and stirred for over night. The solution was then evaporated to dryness, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with sodium bicarbonate, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to dryness. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluted with 3% MeOH/97% CH 2 Cl 2  to give a mixture of isomers. Further separation was accomplished using prep. HPLC with a chiral AD column to afford pure Compound (376a) (isomer 1) and Compound (376b) (isomer 2) (MH+=520.1).  
                 
 
     [1617] A solution of Compound (376a) from Step A (0.107 g, 0.2 mmol) in 4M HCl in Dioxane (10 mL) was stirred for two hours at room temperature then concentrated to dryness to afford Compound (377a) (isomer 1) (0.13 g, 100% yield, MH + =420.1).  
     [1618] Compound (376b) was reacted in a similiar manner as above to afford Compound (377b) (isomer 2) (MH + =420.1).  
     EXAMPLES 171-174  
     [1619] Starting with the appropriate (+) or (−) isomer of Compound (377) (i.e., 377a and 377b) and reacting in a similiar manner as in Example 13 using the appropriate isocyanate as shown in Table 22 below, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1620] were made wherein R is defined in Table 22.  
                               TABLE 22                           PRO-       CMPD   PHYS.       EX. #   CEDURE   R =   #   DATA                                          171   Example 13                         378 isomer 1   MS MH+ =504               172   Example 13                         379 isomer 2   MS MH+ =504               173   Example 13                         380 isomer 1   MS MH+ =573               174   Example 13                         381 isomer 2   MS MH+ =573                  
 
     [1621] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 44 
                 
 
     [1622] To a solution of Compound (369) from Preparative Example 42, Step D (0.5 g, 0.96 mmol) in CH 3 CN (80 mL), was added piperazine (0.25 g, 2.88 mmol) and 2,6-bis (dimethyl)-1-methylpiperidine (0.597 g, 3.84 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs, concentrated to dryness and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 —NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4  and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 3%MeOH/97%CH 2 Cl 2  to give the product of 2 isomers (0.28 g, 57% yield). These two isomers were seperated by HPLC on chiral AD column to give pure Compound (382a) (isomer 1) (0.136 g, MH + =510.3) and Compound (382b) (isomer 2) (0.14 g, MH + =510.3)  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 45 
     [1623]                   
     [1624] To a solution of Compound (369) from Preparative Example 42, Step D (1.2 g, 2.31 mmol) in CH 3 CN (100 mL), was added morpholine (0.8 g, 9.23 mmol) and 2,6-bis (dimethyl)-1-methylpiperidine (1.9 g, 12.24 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight and concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4  and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 1%NH 3 -MeOH/99%CH 2 Cl 2  to give the product of two isomers (1.1 g, 82% yield). These two isomers were separated by HPLC on chiral AD column to give pure Compound (383a) (isomer 1) (0.24 g, MH + =425.1) and Compound (383b) (isomer 2) (0.112 g, MH + =425.1).  
                 
 
     [1625] A solution of Compound (383a) from Step A (0.19 g, 0.37 mmol) in 4M HCl/Dioxane (25 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 hrs and concentrated to dryness to give Compound (384a) (0.194 g, MH + =411.1).  
     [1626] Compound (384b) was prepared in a similar manner as above starting with Compound (383b) from Step A.  
     EXAMPLE 175 
     [1627]                   
     [1628] To a solution of Compound (384a) from Preparative Example 45, Step B above (0.05 g, 0.11 mmol) in anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2  (5 mL) was added triethyl amine (0.036 g, 0.36 mmol) and 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate (0.018 g, 0.173 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs under nitrogen and concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated to dryness to give Compound (385a) (isomer 1) (0.06 g, 100% yield, MH + =555.4).  
     [1629] Starting with Compound (384b) from Preparative Example 45, Step B and reacting it in the same manner as above, Compound (385b) (isomer 2) was prepared (MH + =555.4).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 46 
     [1630]                   
     [1631] To a solution of Compound (369) from Preparative Example 42 Step D (3.0 g, 5.77 mmol) in CH 3 CN (150 mL) was added 2,6-bis (dimethyl)-1 methyl piperidine (7.16 g, 16.16 mmol) and benzyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate (7.61 g, 34.62 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred overnight, concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 1% NH 3 -MeOH/99% CH 2 Cl 2  and then 30%EtOAc/70% hexane to give the title product Compound (386) (1.24 g, 67% yield, MH + =644.2)  
                 
 
     [1632] A solution of Compound (386) from Step A above (0.5 g, 0.77 mmol) in 4M HCl/Dioxane (50 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The solution was then poured onto ice and basified with 1N NaOH solution, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated to dryness to give Compound (387) (0.43 g, 100% yield, MH + =544.5).  
                 
 
     [1633] Compound (387) from Step B above was reacted In a similar manner to that described in Example 175 to give a mixture of 2 isomers (0.102 g, 55% yield). Further separation by HPLC, using a chiral AD column afforded pure Compound (388a) (isomer 1) (0.05 g, MH + =688.2) and Compound (388b) (isomer 2) (0.048 g, MH + =688.2).  
     EXAMPLES 176 AND 177  
     [1634] Reacting Compound (387) from Preparative Example 46, Step B in a similiar manner as in Example 175 using the appropriate isocyanate as shown in Table 23 below, compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1635] were prepard wherein R is defined in Table 23.  
                               TABLE 23                           PRO-                       CED-       CMPD   PHYS.       EX. #   URE   R =   #   DATA                                          176   Ex- ample 175                         389 isomer 1   MS MH+ =688               177   Ex- ample 175                         390 isomer 2   MS MH+ =688                  
 
     EXAMPLE 178 
     [1636]                   
     [1637] To a solution of Compound (388a) from Preparative Example 46, Step C (0.05 g, 0.086 mmol) in CH 3 CN (1 mL) at 0° C. was added iodotrimethylsilane (0.05 mL, 0.343 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hr and concentrated to dryness. The residue was then poured onto 1N HCl solution, followed by extraction with ether. The aqueous layer was then basified with 10% NH 4 OH solution and then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4  and concentrated to dryness affording Compound (391 a) (isomer 1) (0.02 g, 42.5% yield, MH + =554.1).  
     [1638] Starting with Compound (388b) from Preparative Example 46, Step C, and reacting in the same manner as above, Compound (391 b) (isomer 2) was prepared (MH + =554.1).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 47 
     [1639]                   
     [1640] To a solution of Compound (392) prepared according to the procedure in,  The Journal of Medicinal Chemistry  (1998). 41(10), 1563 (5.0 g, 9.24 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) and toluene (50 mL), at room temperature, was added triphenylphosphine (1.21 g, 4.62 mmol), DBU (1.90 g, 12.48 mmol) and palladium chloride (0.16 g, 0.92 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at 80° C. for 6 hrs, then stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was then concentrated to dryness to give two products. The desired product was purified by column chromatography on normal phase silica gel, eluting with 30% EtOAc/70%hexane to give a white solid compound (394) (2.24 g, 47% yield, MH + =521.1)  
                 
 
     [1641] A solution of Compound (394) from Step A above (2.38 g, 4.58 mmol) in concentrated HCL (40 mL) was heated to reflux over night. The solution was then cooled down at room temperature and basified with NH 4 OH solution, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give a white solid Compound (395) (1.03 g, 52% yield, MH + =435.1).  
                 
 
     [1642] To a solution of Compound (395) from Step B (1.03 g, 2.37 mmol) in EtOH (50 mL, 200 proof) at room temperature, was bubbled in anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2  gas for 5 minutes. The solution was then heated at 60° C. for 30 minutes, cooled down to room temperature and concentrated to dryness to afford Compound (396) (1.1 g, 100% yield, MH+=463.1)  
                 
 
     [1643] To a solution of Compound (396) from Step C (1.09 g, 2.19 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at 0° C. was added dropwise DIBAL/toluene (11.0 mL, 10.95 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature, then quenched with H 2 O and concentrated to dryness to give a light brown solid Compound (397) (1.2 g, 100% yield, MH+=421.1).  
                 
 
     [1644] To a solution of Compound (397) from Step D (0.92 g, 2.19 mmol) in 50% MeOH/1% H 2 O (50 mL) at room temperature, was added Boc anhydride (0.95 g, 4.38 mmol). The resulting solution was adjusted to pH=9 and stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs and concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 —H 2 O. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give a light brown solid Compound (398) (0.91 g, 80% yield, MH + =521.1).  
                 
 
     [1645] To a solution of Compound (398) from Step E (0.91 g, 1.75 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (10 mL) was added triethyl amine (0.73 mL, 5.25 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.3 g, 2.62 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight and then washed with NaHCO 3  solution, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give the mesylate as a light yellow solid Compound (399) (0.94 g, 90% yield).  
                 
 
     [1646] To a solution of Compound (399) from Step F (0.93 g, 1.60 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) under nitrogen, was added 2-methylimidazole (0.19 g, 2.3 mmol) and NaH (0.037 g). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes, then at 90° C. for 3 hrs. The solution was then cooled down to room temperature and concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography on normal phase silica gel, eluting with 5%MeOH—NH 3/95 %CH 2 Cl 2  to give mixture of two isomers as a light red solid (0.39 g, 42% yield, MH + =585.1). The 2 isomers were separated by prep HPLC, using a chiral AD column, eluting with 15%1PA/85%hexane/0.2%DEA to give Compound (400a) (isomer 1) as a light brown solid (0.10 g, 11% yield) and Compound (400b) (isomer 2) as a white solid (0.10 g, 11% yield)  
                 
 
     [1647] A solution of Compound (400a) (isomer 1) from Step G above (0.07 g, 0.12 mmol) in 4M HCl/Dioxane (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs then concentrated to dryness to give a white solid Compound (401) (0.06 g, 100% yield)  
                 
 
     [1648] To a solution of Compound (401) from Step H above (0.057 g, 0.12 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (5 mL) under nitrogen, was added triethyl amine (0.026 g, 0.20 mmol) and 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate (0.019 g, 0.13 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight and then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 -NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness to afford Compound (402) (isomer 1) as a white solid (0.053 g, 70% yield, MH + =629.3)  
                 
 
     [1649] Compound (400b) was reacted in a similar manner as in Steps H and I above to afford Compound (403) (isomer 2) (0.059 g, 79% yield, MH+=629.3)  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 48 
     [1650]                   
     [1651] Compound (371 a) (isomer 1) from Preparative Example 42, Step F (70 mg, 0.17 mmol) was dissolved in 1 mL of ethanol and 50 uL of triethylamine. Dimethyl-N-cyanimidothiocarbonate (45 mg, 0.29 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture and stirred at 85° C. for 24 hours. The ethanol was evaporated under reduced pressure and the product chromatographed on silica gel using 5% methanolic-ammonia dichloromethane to obtain 47 mg of title product Compound (404) (FABMS M+1=504).  
     EXAMPLE 179 
     [1652]                   
     [1653] To a solution of para-cyanoanaline (53 mg, 0.45 mmol) in 1 ml N,N-dimethylformamide was added sodium hydride (18 mg, 0.45 mmol). After stirring under a dry nitrogen atmosphere for ½ hour, Compound (404) (isomer 1) from Preparative Example 48 above (40 mg, 0.08 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred at 55° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and added to brine. The crude product was extracted with dichloromethane 3 times. The extracts were concentrated and the crude product chromatographed on silica gel using 5% methanolic-ammonia/dichloromethane to otain 17.6 mg of title product.(405) FABMS M+1=574.1  
     EXAMPLES 180 AND 181 
     [1654]                   
     [1655] Compound (696a) from Preparative Example 59, Step B, was reacted in the same manner as in Preparative Example 48 and Example 179 substituting the appropriate R reagent to afford the compounds in Table 24.  
                           TABLE 24                               CMPD           EX. #   R =   #   PHYS. DATA                                      180                         407   FABMS MH+ =601.1               181                         408   FABMS MH+ =531.1                  
 
     [1656] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 49 
                 
 
     [1657] Compounds (51) and (52) from Example 11, Step A, were reacted with TFA in CH 2 Cl 2  to afford compounds (51 a) and (52a).  
     [1658] Library Preparation  
                 
 
     [1659] A library of compounds was prepared by solution phase parallel synthesis. A generic structure of these compounds is shown in FIG. 1 above. The R 1A  group on the imidazole ring can be H or CH 3 , the R 2A  on N-1 of the piperidine is varied in the library.  
     [1660] Library compounds were prepared using compound (29) from Preparative Example 4 or Compounds (51 a) or (52a) from Preparative Example 49 above as templates as shown in Scheme A. Synthesis is initiated in test tubes by reacting compound (29), (51 a) or (52a) with multiple equivalents of a variety of isocyanates, amines, acids, acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides and chloroformates in dichloromethane or chloroform. When urea is the desired product, the reaction can be carried out using isocyanates directly, or alternatively, treating an amine with CDI for several hours, then subject the templates to this solution overnight. When acids are used, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a coupling reagent such as PyBrop and a base such as DIEA overnight. When acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides or chloroformates are used, the reaction is typically conducted in the presence of triethylamine. After reaction, an excess amount of polystyrene aminomethyl resin is added to the reaction test tubes, and the reaction allowed to stand overnight. At which time each test tube is filtered through a Bio-Rad Poly-Prep chromatography column into another test tube, and the resin is washed with dichloromethane and MeOH. The combined filtrate solution is concentrated by rotovap evaporation. The residue in each test tube is then dissolved in H 2 O/CH 3 CN (50/50, containing 1% TFA) and purified by Gilson 215 liquid Handling-HPLC system to give pure product. The product was identified by mass spectroscopy. Library compounds prepared in this fashion are shown in Table 25 and Table 26.  
                 
 
     EXAMPLES 182-283 
     [1661]                   
     [1662] (R 2A  is defined in Table 2)  
     [1663] The R 2A  groups in Table 25 contain either a —C(O)— or —SO 2 — moiety. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the R 2A  group is bound to the nitrogen in the above formula by a bond to the carbon of the —C(O)— moiety or by a bond to the sulfur of the —SO 2 — moiety.  
                           TABLE 25                       EXAMPLE #.   R 2A     COMPOUND #   PHYSICAL DATA                                      182                         409   Mass spec. MH +  = 552               183                         410   Mass spec. MH +  = 556               184                         411   Mass spec. MH +  = 571               185                         412   Mass spec. MH +  = 538               186                         413   Mass spec. MH +  = 568               187                         414   Mass spec. MH +  = 557               188                         415   Mass spec. MH +  = 544               189                         416   Mass spec. MH +  = 572               190                         417   Mass spec. MH +  = 606               191                         418   Mass spec. MH +  = 574               192                         419   Mass spec. MH +  = 574               193                         420   Mass spec. MH +  = 573               194                         421   Mass spec. MH +  = 519               195                         422   Mass spec. MH +  = 563               196                         423   Mass spec. MH +  = 539               197                         424   Mass spec. MH +  = 566               198                         425   Mass spec. MH +  = 505               199                         426   Mass spec. MH +  = 539               200                         427   Mass spec. MH +  = 544               201                         428   Mass spec. MH +  = 580               202                         429   Mass spec. MH +  = 556               203                         430   Mass spec. MH +  = 606               204                         431   Mass spec. MH +  = 518               205                         432   Mass spec. MH +  = 568               206                         433   Mass spec. MH +  = 574               207                         434   Mass spec. MH +  = 538               208                         435   Mass spec. MH +  = 580               209                         436   Mass spec. MH +  = 572               210                         437   Mass spec. MH +  = 553               211                         438   Mass spec. MH +  = 581               212                         439   Mass spec. MH +  = 538               213                         440   Mass spec. MH +  = 553               214                         441   Mass spec. MH +  = 497               215                         442   Mass spec. MH +  = 555               216                         443   Mass spec. MH +  = 538               217                         444   Mass spec. MH +  = 606               218                         445   Mass spec. MH +  = 556               219                         446   Mass spec. MH +  = 606               220                         447   Mass spec. MH +  = 519               221                         448   Mass spec. MH +  = 640               222                         449   Mass spec. MH +  = 630               223                         450   Mass spec. MH +  = 604               224                         451   Mass spec. MH +  = 610               225                         452   Mass spec. MH +  = 553               226                         453   Mass spec. MH +  = 568               227                         454   Mass spec. M +  = 572               228                         455   Mass spec. MH +  = 624               229                         456   Mass spec. MH +  = 572               230                         457   Mass spec. MH +  = 554               231                         458   Mass spec. MH +  = 552               232                         459   Mass spec. MH +  = 552               233                         460   Mass spec. MH +  = 598               234                         461   Mass spec. MH +  = 570               235                         462   Mass spec. MH +  = 610               236                         463   Mass spec. MH +  = 563               237                         464   Mass spec. MH +  = 504               238                         465   Mass spec. MH +  = 566               239                         466   Mass spec. MH +  = 574               240                         467   Mass spec. MH +  = 543               241                         468   Mass spec. MH +  = 518               242                         469   Mass spec. MH +  = 582               243                         470   Mass spec. MH +  = 519               244                         471   Mass spec. MH +  = 543               245                         472   Mass spec. MH +  = 610               246                         473   Mass spec. MH +  = 518               247                         474   Mass spec. MH +  = 529               248                         475   Mass spec. MH +  = 513               249                         476   Mass spec. MH +  = 606               250                         477   Mass spec. MH +  = 491               251                         478   Mass spec. MH +  = 606               252                         479   Mass spec. MH +  = 548               253                         480   Mass spec. MH +  = 487               254                         481   Mass spec. MH +  = 539               255                         482   Mass spec. MH +  = 562               256                         483   Mass spec. MH +  = 565               257                         484   Mass spec. MH +  = 526               258                         485   Mass spec. MH +  = 598               259                         486   Mass spec. MH +  = 548               260                         487   Mass spec. MH +  = 580               261                         488   Mass spec. MH +  = 598               262                         489   Mass spec. MH +  = 529               263                         490   Mass spec. MH +  = 475               264                         491   Mass spec. MH +  = 573               265                         492   Mass spec. MH +  = 525               266                         493   Mass spec. MH +  = 518               267                         494   Mass spec. MH +  = 577               268                         495   Mass spec. MH +  = 532               269                         496   Mass spec. MH +  = 516               270                         497   Mass spec. MH +  = 524               271                         498   Mass spec. MH +  = 557               272                         499   Mass spec. MH +  = 524               273                         500   Mass spec. MH +  = 584               274                         501   Mass spec. MH +  = 584               275                         502   Mass spec. MH +  = 573               276                         503   Mass spec. MH +  = 491               277                         504   Mass spec. MH +  = 603               278                         505   Mass spec. MH +  = 589               279                         506   Mass spec. MH +  = 616               280                         507   Mass spec. MH +  = 584               281                         508   Mass spec. MH +  = 603               282                         509   Mass spec. MH +  = 490               283                         510   Mass spec. MH +  = 593                  
 
     EXAMPLES 284-377 
     [1664]                   
     [1665] (R 2A  is defined in Table 26).  
                           TABLE 26                       EX-                   AM-       COM-           PLE #   R 2A     POUND #   MH +                                        284                         511   571               285                         512   552               286                         513   587               287                         514   558               288                         515   577               289                         516   570               290                         517   588               291                         518   558               292                         519   586               293                         520   588               294                         521   594               295                         522   570               296                         523   588               297                         524   559               298                         525   620               299                         526   569               300                         527   582               301                         528   585               302                         529   570               303                         530   552               304                         531   588               305                         532   562               306                         533   594               307                         534   620               308                         535   587               309                         536   586               310                         537   595               311                         538   620               312                         539   532               313                         540   586               314                         541   547               315                         542   638               316                         543   533               317                         544   586               318                         545   577               319                         546   532               320                         547   582               321                         548   553               322                         549   566               323                         550   567               324                         551   519               325                         552   543               326                         553   557               327                         554   584               328                         555   620               329                         556   624               330                         557   612               331                         558   624               332                         559   505               333                         560   540               334                         561   644               335                         562   539               336                         563   624               337                         564   579               338                         565   517               339                         566   582               340                         567   620               341                         568   501               342                         569   598               343                         570   543               344                         571   518               345                         572   580               346                         573   546               347                         574   596               348                         575   565               349                         576   575               350                         577   555               351                         578   598               352                         579   532               353                         580   504               354                         581   527               355                         582   489               356                         583   531               357                         584   562               358                         585   562               359                         586   630               360                         587   538               361                         588   530               362                         589   591               363                         590   612               364                         591   603               365                         592   620               366                         593   598               367                         594   587               368                         595   539               369                         596   607               370                         597   538               371                         598   571               372                         599   612               373                         600   533               374                         601   505               375                         602   617               376                         603   617               377                         604   605                  
 
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 50 
     [1666]                   
     [1667] Compound (365) from Preparative Example 41 was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 4, substituting the appropriate imidazole to obtain Compound (605) wherein R 1 ═H or Compounds (606) and (607)/(608) wherein R 1 =(2 or ⅘)CH 3 .  
                 
 
     [1668] Compounds (607) and (608) from Step A above were treated in the same manner as described in Example 11 to afford pure (+,−) 4-methylimidazole, and pure (+,−) 5-methylimidazole enantiomers; Compound (607a),(607b) and Compound (608a), (608b) respectively.  
     [1669] A library of compounds was prepared by the method described above starting with Compound (605), Compound (606), Compounds (607)/(608), (607a), (607b) or Compounds (608a) or (608b) used as the templates in Scheme A. A generic structure of these compounds is shown in FIG. 2 above. The R 1A  group on the imidazole ring can be H or CH 3 , the R 2A  on N-1 of the piperazine is varied in the library. Library compounds prepared in this fashion are shown in Table 27, Table 28 and Table 29.  
     EXAMPLES (378)-(396)  
     [1670]                   
     [1671] (R 2A  is defined in Table 27).  
                           TABLE 27                       EX-       COM-   PHYSICAL       AM-       POUND   DATA       PLE #   R 2A     #   (MH+)                                      378                         607   564               379                         608 1 st  Enantiomer   564               380                         609 2 nd  Enantiomer   564               381                         610   575               382                         611   553               383                         612   564               384                         613   564               385                         614   520               386                         615 1 st  Isomer   520               387                         616 2 nd Isomer   520               388                         617   558               389                         618   557               390                         619   545               391                         620 1 st  Isomer   545               392                         621 2 nd  Isomer   545               393                         622   573               394                         623   555               395                         624   567               396   H 4 TFA   625   420                  
 
     EXAMPLES 397-401 
     [1672]                   
     [1673] (R 2A  is defined in Table 28)  
                           TABLE 28                               COMPOUND           EXAMPLE #   R 2     #   PHYSICAL DATA                                      397                         626 2 Isomers   Mass spec. MH+ = 578               398                         627 2 nd  Enantiomer   Mass spec. MH+ = 578               399                         628 2 nd  Enantiomer   Mass spec. MH+ = 578               400                         629 1 st  Enantiomer   Mass spec. MH+ = 578               401                         630 2 Isomers   Mass spec. MH+ = 534                  
 
     EXAMPLES 402-406 
     [1674]                   
     [1675] (R 2A  is defined in Table 29).  
                           TABLE 29                       EXAMPLE #   R 2A     COMPOUND #   PHYSICAL DATA                                      402                         631 Mixture of 4-Me and 5-Me   Mass spec. MH+ = 578               403                         632 2 nd  enantiomer of 4-Me   Mass spec. MH+ = 578               404                         633 2 nd  enantiomer of 5-Me 1 st  enantiomer of 4-Me   Mass spec. MH+ = 578               405                         634 1 st  enantiomer of 5-Me   Mass spec. MH+ = 578               406                         635 Mixture of 4-Me and 5-Me   Mass spec. MH+ = 534                  
 
     [1676] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 51 
                 
 
     [1677] Compound (365) from Preparative Example 41, was reacted in essentially the same manner as Preparative Example 35 substituting Imidazole for 1-Methyl Imidazole in Step B to afford Compound (636) (MH+=406). Compound (636) was then reacted in the library fashion as described above following the procedure of Scheme A to afford the compounds in Table 30 below:  
                 
 
     [1678] (R 2A  is defined in Table 30).  
                           TABLE 30                       EX-                   AMPLE       COMPOUND   PHYSICAL       #   R 2     #   DATA                                      407                         637   Mass spec. MH+ = 550               408                         638 2 nd  Enantiomer   Mass spec. MH+ = 550               409                         639 1 ST  Enantiomer   Mass spec. MH+ = 550               410                         640   Mass spec. MH+ = 506                  
 
     [1679] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 52 
                 
 
     [1680] Compound (365) was reacted as above in Preparative Example 51, substituting 1-Methyl Imidazole for Imidazole to afford Compound (641) (MH+=420). Compound (641) was then further reacted in the Library fashion described above following the procedure in Scheme A to afford the compounds in Table 31 below.  
                 
 
     [1681] (R 2A  is defined in Table 31).  
                           TABLE 31                       EX-       COM-           AMPLE       POUND   PHYSICAL       #   R 2A     #   DATA                                      411                         642   Mass spec. MH +  = 520               412                         643   Mass spec. MH +  = 564               413                         644 1 st  Enantiomer   Mass spec. MH +  = 564               414                         645 2 nd  Enantiomer   Mass spec. MH +  = 564                  
 
     EXAMPLE 415 
     [1682]                   
     [1683] In the essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 52 above, substituting 4-methylimidazole, the intermediate amine template was prepared Compound (646). This was then reacted in essentially the same manner as in Examples 411-414 above to afford the product Compound (647) as a mixture of 4 and 5-methylimidazole isomers (Mass spec. MH + =564).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 53 
     [1684]                   
     [1685] The racemic Compound (242) from Example 91 was separated by preparative chiral chromatography (Chiralpack AD, 5 cm×50 cm column, flow rate 100 mL/min., 20% 2-propanol/hexane+0.2% diethylamine) to afford the two enantiomers (242a) and (242b).  
     [1686] Compound (242a), [α] D   25 =+144.8° (3.16 mg/2 mL MeOH)  
     [1687] Compound (242b), [α] D   25 =−144.8° (2.93 mg/2 mL MeOH)  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 54 
     [1688]                   
     [1689] Compounds (242a) and (242b) from Preparative Example 53 above were reacted separately in essentially the same manner as Preparative Example 19, Step D to obtain the hydrochloride salt of compounds Compound (648) and Compound (649).  
     [1690] (648) (+ enantiomer, isomer A), MH+=406.1793  
     [1691] (649) (− enantiomer, isomer B), MH+=406.1789  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 55 
     [1692]                   
     [1693] 3-bromo-8-chloroazaketone (U.S. Pat. No. 5,977,128, Preparative Example 11, step A, (1999)) was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, and Example 91 to obtain the N-BOC derivatives (650) and (651). Compounds (650) and (651) were then reacted separately in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 19, Step D to obtain the enantiomers (652) (+ enantiomer, isomer A) and (653) (− enantiomer, isomer B).  
     [1694] Compound (650), BOC derivative, [α] D   25 =+69.6° (2.5 mg/2 mL MeOH)  
     [1695] Compound (651), BOC derivative, [α] D   25 =−90.0° (3.3 mg/2 mL MeOH)  
     [1696] Compound (652) (+ enantiomer, isomer A), MH+=485  
     [1697] Compound (653) (− enantiomer, isomer B), MH+=485  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 56 
     [1698]                   
     [1699] Compound (654a) (202 g; 0.7 mole) (J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 445) was dissolved in ethanol (5 L). To this mixture was added 12 N HCl (80 ml) and iron powder (180 g) and the reaction was refluxed over night. Additional HCl and iron was added to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was filtered and the precipitate washed with hot methanol (1 L). The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to approximately 600 ml then partitioned between 4 L CH 2 CL 2  and 1.3 L of 1.3 N NaOH. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4  and filtered hot. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give the aminoketone Compound (654) (184 g).  
                 
 
     [1700] Compound (654) from Step A above (15 g; 57.98 mmol), was dissolved in 750 mL of ethanol containing 3.75 g of 5% Pd/C (50% in water) and 37.69 g (579.82 m mol) of ammonium formate. The mixture was brought to reflux for 2.5 hr then stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was filtered concentrated under vacuum and chromatographed on silica gel using 95:5 methylene chloride (saturated with ammonia) and methanol to give 6.15 g of the pure product Compound (655) as a yellow solid.  
                 
 
     [1701] To a slurry of Compound (655) (4.79 g; 21.37 mmol) from Step A above, in 75 mL of acetonitrile cooled to 0° C. and under nitrogen, was added t-butylnitrite (10.31 g; 32.05 mmol) and CuCl 2  (3.45 g; 24.64 mmol). The mixture was warmed to room temp stirrd over night and then concentrated under vacuum. The residue was slurried in 30 mL of 1N HCl, then neutralized with aqueous NH 4 OH and extracted with 3×100 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 . concentrated under vacuum, and chromatographed on silica gel using hexane:ethyl acetate (70:30) to obtain the pure product Compound (656).  
                 
 
     [1702] Compound (656) from Step B above was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, and then Example 91 to obtain the N-BOC derivatives (657), (658), (657.1) and (658.1). Compounds (657), (658), (657.1) and (658.1) were then reacted separately in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 19, Step D to obtain the enantiomers (659) (+ enantiomer, isomer A), (659.1) (+ enantiomer, isomer A), (660) (− enantiomer, isomer B) and (660.1) (− enantiomer, isomer B).  
     [1703] Compound (657), BOC derivative, [α] D   25 =+59.9° (3.3 mg/2 mL MeOH)  
     [1704] Compound (658), BOC derivative, [α] D   25 =−57.1° (3.3 mg/2 mL MeOH)  
     [1705] Compound (659), (+ enantiomer, isomer A), MH+=406  
     [1706] Compound (660), (− enantiomer, isomer B), MH+=406  
     [1707] Compound (659.1), (+ enantiomer, isomer A), MH+=406  
     [1708] Compound (660.1), (− enantiomer, isomer B), MH+=406  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 57 
     [1709]                   
     [1710] Compound (661) was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, and then Example 91 to obtain the N-BOC derivatives (662), (663), (664) and (665). Compounds (662), (663), (664) and (665) were then reacted separately in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 19, Step D to obtain the enantiomers (666) and (667) (+ enantiomer, isomer A) and (668) and (669) (− enantiomer, isomer B). The C5 and C-6 vinyl bromide intermediates were separated by silica gel chromatography using hexane:ethyl acetate (80:20) in essentially the same manner as was described in Preparative Example 23, Step B.  
     [1711] Compound (662), BOC derivative  
     [1712] Compound (663), BOC derivative  
     [1713] Compound (664), BOC derivative  
     [1714] Compound (665), BOC derivative  
     [1715] Compound (666) (+ enantiomer, isomer A), MH+=372  
     [1716] Compound (667) (+ enantiomer, isomer A), MH+=372  
     [1717] Compound (668) (− enantiomer, isomer B), MH+=372  
     [1718] Compound (669) (− enantiomer, isomer B), MH+=372  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 58 
     [1719]                   
     [1720] Compound (661) was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, and Example 91 substituting 2-ethylimidazole for 2-methylimidazole, to obtain the N-BOC derivatives (670), (671), (672) and (673). Compounds (670), (671), (672) and (673) were then reacted separately in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 19, Step D, to obtain the enantiomers (674) and (675) (+ enantiomer, isomer A) and (676) and (677) (− enantiomer, isomer B). The C5 and C-6 vinyl bromide intermediates were separated by silica gel chromatography using hexane:ethyl acetate (80:20) as described in Preparative Example 23, Step B.  
     [1721] Compound (670), BOC derivative, (+ enantiomer, A)  
     [1722] Compound (671), BOC derivative, (+ enantiomer, A)  
     [1723] Compound (672), BOC derivative, (− enantiomer, B)  
     [1724] Compound (673), BOC derivative, (− enantiomer, B)  
     [1725] Compound (674), (+ enantiomer, isomer A), MH+=386  
     [1726] Compound (675), (+ enantiomer, isomer A), MH+=386  
     [1727] Compound (676), (− enantiomer, isomer B), MH+=386  
     [1728] Compound (677), (− enantiomer, isomer B), MH+=386  
     EXAMPLES 416-419 
     [1729]                   
     [1730] (R is defined in Table 32).  
     [1731] The appropriate (+) enantiomer (648) or (−) enantiomer (649) from Preparative Example 54 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2  treated with the corresponding isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford the following compounds in Table 32 below.  
                               TABLE 32                       Example #   R   Enantiomer   Comp #   Phys. Data.                                          416                         +   678   Mp = 162.2-165.6° C. [α] D   25  = +98.2° (3 mg/ 2 mL MeOH)               417                         −   679   Mp = 158.1-164.5° C. [α] D   25  = −81.2° (2.6 mg/ 2 mL MeOH)               418                         +   680   Mp = 161.5-164.8° C. MH+ = 559.1787               419                         +   681   Mp = 157.7-161.7° C. MH+ = 543.2069                  
 
     EXAMPLES 420 AND 421 
     [1732]                   
     [1733] (R is defined in Table 33).  
     [1734] The appropriate (+) enantiomer (652) or (−) enantiomer (653) from Preparative Example 55 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2  treated with the corresponding isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford the following compounds in Table 33 below.  
                               TABLE 33                       Example #   R   Enantiomer   Comp #   Phys. Data.                                                                            420                         +   682   Mp = 168.8-172.3° C.               421                         −   683   Mp = 172.5-177.7° C.               421.1                         +   683.1   Mp = 157.1-160.5° C. (dec)               421.2                         +   683.2   Mp = 223.6-229.1° C. (dec.)                  
 
     EXAMPLES 422 AND 423 
     [1735]                   
     [1736] (R is defined in Table 34).  
     [1737] The appropriate compound (659) (+) enantiomer, (660) (−) enantiomer or (659A) (+) enantiomer from Preparative Example 56 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2  treated with the corresponding isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The Crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford the following compounds in Table 34 below.  
                               TABLE 34                       Example #   R   Enantiomer   Comp #   Phys. Data.                                          422                         +   684   Mp = 155.9-165.1° C.               423                         −   685   Mp = 154.2-164.8° C.               492                         +   806   Mp = 157.1-160.5° C. MH +  = 689                  
 
     EXAMPLES 424 AND 425 
     [1738]                   
     [1739] (R is defined in Table 35).  
     [1740] The appropriate (+) enantiomer (666) or (−) enantiomer (668) from Preparative Example 57 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with the corresponding isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford the following compounds in Table 35 below.  
                               TABLE 35                       Ex-       Enan-               am-       tio-               ple #   R   mer   Comp #   Phys. Data.                                          424                         +   686   Mp =166-170° C. [α] D   25   =+106.8°(1.45 mg/ 2 mL MeOH)               425                         −   687   Mp =170-176° C. [α] D   25   =−91° (2.78 mg/ 2 mL MeOH)                  
 
     EXAMPLES 426 AND 427 
     [1741]                   
     [1742] (R is defined in Table 36).  
     [1743] The appropriate (+) enantiomer (674) or (−) enantiomer (676) from Preparative Example 58 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with the corresponding isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford the following compounds in Table 36 below.  
                               TABLE 36                       Ex-                       am-       Enan-               ple #   R   tiomer   Comp #   Phys. Data.                                          426                         +   688   Mp =150-153° C.               427                         −   689   Mp =154-158° C.                  
 
     EXAMPLES 428 AND 429 
     [1744]                   
     [1745] defined in Table 37).  
     [1746] The appropriate (+) enantiomer (667) or (−) enantiomer (669) from Preparative Example 57 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with the corresponding isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford the following compounds in Table 37 below.  
                               TABLE 37                       Ex-       Enan-       Phys.       ample #   R   tiomer   Comp #   Data.                                          428                         Isomer 1   690   MH +  =516               429                         Isomer 2   691   MH +  =516                  
 
     EXAMPLES 430 AND 431 
     [1747]                   
     [1748] defined in Table 38).  
     [1749] The appropriate (+) enantiomer (675) or (−) enantiomer (677) from Preparative Example 58 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with the corresponding isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford the following compounds in Table 38 below.  
                               TABLE 38                       Ex-       Enan-       Phys.       ample #   R   tiomer   Comp #   Data.                                          430                         Isomer 1   692   MH +  =530               431                         Isomer 2   693   MH +  =530                  
 
     [1750] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 59 
                 

                 
 
                 
 
     [1751] To a stirred solution of 2-methylimidazole (1.80 g, 21.97 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (40 mL) at room temperature, was added NaH (5.3 g, 21.97 mmol) and Compound (27) from Preparative Example 4, Step E (4.0 g, 7.33 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room remperature for 1 hr and concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with EtOAc-NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give the mixture of single bond and double bond compounds. These compounds were further purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 2%MeOH/NH 3/98 %CH 2 Cl 2  to yield: Pure Compound (694) (0.450 g) (MH + =533) and a mixture of (694) and Compound (695) (2.55 g)(MH + =535).  
     [1752] Compounds (694) and (695) were further purified by chiral prep HPLC, eluting with 15%1PA/85%Hexane/0.2%DEA to give: Compound (695a) (isomer 1; 0.58 g, MH + =535.4) and Compound (694a) (isomer 1; 0.61 g, MH + =533) and a mixture of compounds (694b) and (695b) (isomer 2 products; 0.84 g).  
                 
 
     [1753] The mixture of compounds (694b/695b) from Step A above (0.8 g, 1.5 mmol) in 4N HCl/Dioxane (40 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs and concentrated to dryness to give a mixture of deprotected compounds as product. The product was further purified by chiral HPLC, eluting with 15%IPA/85% hexane/0.2%DEA to give the pure compound (696b) (isomer 2; 0.29 g) and pure Compound (697b) (isomer 2, 0.19 g).  
                 
 
     [1754] Compounds (694a) and (695a) (pure isomer 1) were individually deprotected using 4N HCl/Dioxane in essentially the same method as that of the isomer 2 products described above, to give the corresponding N—H products (696a) (isomer 1) and (697a) (isomer 1).  
     EXAMPLES 432-437  
     [1755] Reacting Compound (696a) (isomer 1) in essentially the same manner as in Example 13 with the appropriate chloroformate or isocyanate, the following compounds listed in Table 39 below, were prepared.  
                 
 
     [1756] (R is defined in Table 39).  
                           TABLE 39                       EX-       COM-           AMPLE       POUND   PHYSICAL       #   R   #   DATA                                                                    432                         698   MH += 519.1               433                         699   MH += 577.1               434                         700   MH += 570.1               435                         701   MH += 585.1               436                         702   —               437                         703   MH += 558.1                  
 
     EXAMPLES 438-442  
     [1757] Reacting Compound (697a) (isomer 1) in essentially the same manner as in Example 13 with the appropriate chloroformate or isocyanate, the following compounds listed in Table 40 below were prepared.  
                 
 
     [1758] (R is defined in Table 40).  
                           TABLE 40                       EX-       COM-           AMPLE       POUND   PHYSICAL       #   R   #   DATA                                                                    438                         704   MH += 521.1               439                         705   MH += 579.1               440                         706   MH += 572.1               441                         707   MH += 587.1               442                         708   MH += 560.1                  
 
     [1759] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 60 
                 
 
     [1760] To a stirred solution of 4,5-Dimethylimidazole (1.08 g, 11.25 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (35 mL) at room temperature, was added NaH (0.27 g, 11.2 mmol) and stirred for 10 minutes, followed by the addition of Compound (27) from Preparative Example 4 Step E (4.0 g, 7.32 mmol). The resulting solution was srirred at room temperature overnight. To this solution was added the solution of 4,5-dimethylimidazole (0.35 g, 3.65 mmol) and NaH (0.088 g, 3.67 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The resulting solution was heated at 80° C.-90° C. for 4 hrs, then cooled down to room temperature, followed by extraction with EtOAc-H 2 O. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 50%EtOAc/50%hexane to 5%MeOH/CH 2 Cl 2  to give the mixture of products Compound (709) and Compound (710) (1.2 g, MH+=547.3). The products were further purified by prep chiral HPLC, using a chiral AD column, eluting with 15%IPA/85%hexane/0.2%DEA to give 4 seperate compounds:  
     [1761] Compound (709a) isomer 1, (0.291 g, MH+=547.3), Compound (710a) isomer 1, (0.305 g, MH+=549.3) and  
     [1762] Compound (709b) isomer 2, (0.280 g, MH+=547.3), Compound (710b) isomer 2, (0.2 g, MH+=549.3)  
                 
 
     [1763] A solution of Compound (710a), isomer 1 (0.245 g, 0.45 mmol) in 4N HCl/Dioxane (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs then concentrated to dryness to give Compound (711a) isomer 1, product (0.184 g, 98% yield) (MH+=455.1).  
     [1764] Compounds (711b), (isomer 2); (712a) (isomer 1) and (712b) (isomer 2) were all prepared in a similar fashion to that of Compound (711 a) isomer 1 in Step B above.  
     [1765] (711 b) (0.085 g, 75% yield).  
     [1766] (712a) (0.141 g, 75% yield).  
     [1767] (712b) (0.106 g, 59% yield).  
     EXAMPLES 443-447  
     [1768] Reacting Compounds (71 la) and (71 lb) seperately following the procedure described in Example 13 with the appropriate chloroformates or isocyanates, the following compounds listed in Table 41 below were prepared.  
                 
 
     [1769] (R is defined in Table 41).  
                           TABLE 41                       EX-       COM-           AMPLE       POUND   PHYSICAL       #   R   #   DATA                                                                    443                         713   MH += 575.1               444                         714   MH += 575.1               445                         715   MH += 593.2               446                         716   MH += 593.2               447                         717   MH += 586.1                  
 
     EXAMPLES 448-454  
     [1770] Reacting Compounds (712a) and (712b) seperately following the procedure described in Example 13 with the appropriate chloroformates or isocyanates, the compounds listed in Table 42 below were prepared.  
                 
 
     [1771] (R is defined in Table 42).  
                           TABLE 42                       EX-       COM-           AMPLE       POUND   PHYSICAL       #   R   #   DATA                                                                    448                         718   MH += 573.1               449                         719   MH += 573.1               450                         720   MH += 591.1               451                         721   MH += 591.1               452                         722   MH += 584.1               453                         723   MH += 525.1               454                         724   MH += 525.1                  
 
     [1772] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 61 
                 
 
     [1773] Compound (27) from Preparative Example 4, Step E was reacted in essentially the same manner as described in Preparative Example 60, Step A above substituting 4-Methylimidazole for 4,5-Dimethylimidazole to obtain four seperate compounds as products (BOC derivatives).  
     [1774] Compound (725a) isomer 1, (0.69 g, MH + =533.1).  
     [1775] Compound (725b) isomer 2, (0.10 g, MH + =533.1).  
     [1776] Compound (726a) isomer 1, (0.35 g, MH + =535.1).  
     [1777] Compound (726b) isomer 2, (0.22 g, MH + =535.1).  
                 
 
     [1778] In essentially the same manner as described in Preparative Example 60, Step B, the —NH derivatives were prepared:  
     [1779] Compounds:  
     [1780] (727a) isomer 1 (0.3 g, 100% yield, MH + =435.1);  
     [1781] (727b) isomer 2;  
     [1782] (728a) isomer 1; and  
     [1783] (728b) isomer 2.  
     EXAMPLES 455-459  
     [1784] Reacting Compounds (727a) and (727b) seperately following the procedure described in Example 13 with the appropriate chloroformate or isocyanate, the following compounds listed in Table 43 below were prepared.  
                 
 
     [1785] (R is defined in Table 43).  
                           TABLE 43                       EX-       COM-           AMPLE       POUND   PHYSICAL       #   R   #   DATA                                                                    455                         729   MH += 561.1               456                         730   MH += 581.1               457                         731   MH += 572.1               458                         732   MH += 560.1               459                         733   MH += 513.1                  
 
     EXAMPLES 460-469  
     [1786] Reacting Compounds (728a) and (728b) seperately following the procedure described in Example 13 with the appropriate chloroformates and isocyanates, the following compounds listed in Table 44 below were prepared.  
                 
 
     [1787] (R is defined in Table 44).  
                           TABLE 44                       EX-       COM-           AMPLE       POUND   PHYSICAL       #   R   #   DATA                                                                    460                         734   MH += 559.1               461                         735   MH += 559.1               462                         736   MH += 579.1               463                         737   MH += 579.1               464                         738   MH += 570.1               465                         739   MH += 570.1               466                         740   MH += 558.1               467                         741   MH += 558.1               468                         742   MH += 511.1               469                         743   MH += 511.1                  
 
     EXAMPLE 470 
     [1788]                   
     [1789] To a stirred solution of Compound (24) from Preparative Example 4, Step D (4.0 g, 8.2 mmol) under nitrogen at room temperature, was added CuCl (0.7 g, 8.2 mmol). The solution was then cooled to 0° C., followed by portion wise addition of NaBH 4  (4.66 g, 123.2 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 6 h., concentrated to dryness, then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 -sat.NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography on 200 mL of normal phase silica gel, eluting with 20%EtOAc/CH 2 Cl 2  to give Compound (744) (3.62 g, 99% yield, MH + =447).  
     [1790] Step B  
                 
 
     [1791] To a stirred solution of Compound (744) from Step A above (3.0 g, 5.7 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (100 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature, was added triethyl amine (2.4 mL, 17.1 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.98 g, 8.7 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature over night, then washed with saturated NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by Biotage column chromatography, eluting with 30%EtOAc/70%CH 2 Cl 2  to give Compound (745) as a white solid (1.19 g, MH + =525.1) and Compound (20) (1.31 g, MH + =489.1)  
                 
 
     [1792] To a stirred solution of Compound (745) from Step B above (2.17 g, 4.3 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature was added phthalimide potassium derivative (1.20 g, 0.5 mmol). The resulting solution was heated to 90° C. for 4 h., cooled down to room temperature, concentrated to dryness and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 -sat.NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 50%-70%EtOAc/hexane to give Compound (746) as a white solid (1.76 g, 71% yield, MH + =577.0).  
                 
 
     [1793] To a stirred solution of Compound (746) from Step C above (1.67 g, 2.9 mmol) in EtOH (50 mL) at room temperature, was added hydrazine monohydrate (0.29 g, 5.8 mmol). The resulting solution was heated to reflux for 4 h. cooled down to room temperature, concentrated to dryness and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 —H 2 O. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give Compound (747) as a white solid (1.23 g, 95% yield, MH + =446.1)  
                 
 
     [1794] To a stirred solution of Compound (747) from Step D (0.1 g, 0.22 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (5 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature, was added TEA (0.06 mL, 0.45 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.038 g, 0.34 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature over night, then washed with sat. NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 3% MeOH—NH 3 /CH 2 Cl 2  to give Compound (748) as a white solid (0.087 g, 76% yield, MH + =524.0)  
     EXAMPLE 471 
     [1795]                   
     [1796] Reacting Compound (747) from Example 470 Step D above in essentially the same manner as in Step E of Example 470 substituting acetylchloride, Compound (749) was prepared.(0.048 g, 45% yield, MH+=488.2).  
     EXAMPLE 472 
     [1797]                   
     [1798] Reacting Compound (747) from Example 470 Step D above in essentially the same manner as in Step E of Example 470 substituting 4-Chlorobutyryl chloride (ACROS), Compound (750) was prepared (0.67 g, 100% yiled, MH + =514.1).  
                 
 
     [1799] To a stirred solution of Compound (750) from Step A (0.575 g, 1.11 mmol) in toluene (15 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature, was added K 2 CO 3  (0.55 g, 4.01 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature over the weekend then heated to 55° C. for 7 h. The solution was then cooled down to room temperature, filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography, eluting with 1.5%MeOH—NH 3 /98.5%CH 2 Cl 2  to give Compound (751) as a white solid (0.15 g, 26% yield, MH + =524.1)  
     EXAMPLE 473 
     [1800]                   
     [1801] To a stirred solution of Compound (20) from Example 470, Step B (0.67 g, 1.37 mmol) in THF (5 mL), was added 1N NaOH solution (6.9 mL, 6.88 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight and concentrated to dryness. The solution was then acidified with 10% citric acid and then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give Compound (752) as a light yellow product (0.33 g, 52% yield, MH + =461.1)  
                 
 
     [1802] To a stirred solution of Compound (752) from Step A above (0.1 g, 0.23 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (5 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature, was added oxalyl chloride (0.97 g, 7.62 mmol) and diethyl amine (0.47 g, 6.43 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was then purified by column chromatography, eluting with 2%MeOH—NH 3 /98%CH 2 Cl 2  to give Compound (753) as a white solid (0.051 g, 49.5% yield, MH + =516.1)  
     EXAMPLE 474 
     [1803]                   
     [1804] To a stirred solution of 2-imidazolidone (0.22 g, 2.0 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added NaH (0.28 g, 2.0 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. This solution was then added into a solution of Compound (22) from Preparative Example 3, Step C (0.67 g, 1.3 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) under nitrogen inlet at room temperature. The resulting solution was heated to 90° C. for 2 hrs, concentrated to dryness, then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 -sat.NaHCO 3 . The combined organic layer was then dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 3% MeOH—NH 3 /97% CH 2 Cl 2  to give a light yellow solid (754) (0.17 g, 25% yield, MH + =515.1).  
     EXAMPLE 475 
     [1805]                   
     [1806] To a stirred solution of Compound (12) from Preparative Example 2, Step B (15.75 g, 0.336 mmol) in DMF (200 mL) under nitrogen inlet at room temperature, was added trimethylsilylacetalene (12.14 g, 124 mmol), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II)dichloride (0.47 g, 0.67 mmol), Et 3 N (13.1 mL, 94 mmol), CuI (0.89 g, 4.7 mmol) and NaI (1.53 g, 10 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated to dryness, then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 —H 2 O. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 20% EtOAc/80% hexane to give the product (755) (12.35 g, M=485).  
                 
 
     [1807] A solution of Compound (755) from Step A above (4.48 g, 9.24 mmol), in concentrated HCl (100 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. The solution was then cooled down to room temperature and basified with 50% NaOH solution (w/w) and then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give an off white solid (756) (4.40 g, 100% yield, MH + =353.1).  
                 
 
     [1808] To a stirred solution of Compound (756) from step B (3.15 g, 8.93 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (100 mL) was added Et 3 N (2.5 mL, 17.85 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.51 g, 4.46 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was then washed with saturated NaHCO 3  and the organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give a crude product (4.31 g, 100% yield, MH + =431.1)  
                 
 
     [1809] The solution of Compound (757) from Step C (3.84 g, 8.91 mmol) in 4% NaClO (150 mL) and 45% NaOH solution (15 mL) was heated to reflux for 2 hrs, then cooled down to room temperature, followed by addition of saturated sodium bisulfite solution (150 mL). The solution was then adjusted to pH=6.5 and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give a light yellow solid (3.31 g, 86% yield, MH + =433.1).  
                 
 
     [1810] To a stirred solution of Compound (758) from step D (3.31 g, 7.65 mmol) in toluene (80 mL) and MeOH (50 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature, was added (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (2.0M in hexane)(3.4 mL, 68.8 mmol) at 0° C., until the colorless solution turned to yellow solution. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for half an hour and concentrated to dryness to give a crude product (759).  
     [1811] To a stirred cooling solution of the crude product (759) from above, in THF (30 mL) at 0° C. was added DIBAL (15.3 mL, 15.3 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 2 hrs, followed by extraction with 10% citric acid and 1N NaOH solution. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to give a light yellow solid (760) (2.90 g, 90% yield, MH + =419.1).  
                 
 
     [1812] Reacting Compound (760) in essentially the same manner as Step C above, Compound (761) was prepared.  
                 
 
     [1813] To a stirred solution of 2-benzylaminopyridine (0.115 g, 0.624 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) at room temperature, was added NaH (9.81 g, 0.41 mmol) and stirred for 0.5 hr. To a stirred solution of mesylate compound from step F (0.2 g, 0.41 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) under nitrogen inlet, was added the solution of 2-benzylaminopyridine in DMF above. The resulting solution was heated to 90° C. for 3 hrs, concentrated to dryness followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -sat.NaHCO 3 , then dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 5% MeOH—NH 3 /CH 2 Cl 2  to give a light yellow solid (762) (0.03 g, 13% yield, MH + =585.1).  
                 
 
     [1814] In essentially the same manner as Example 475, Step E, Compound (763) was prepared.  
                 
 
     [1815] To a stirred solution of 4(5)-imidazolecarboxaldehyde (20.0 g, 0.208 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (200 mL), was added Et 3 N (29.0 mL, 0.208 mmol). The solution was then cooled down at 0° C., followed by addition of triphenylmethylchloride (52.8 g, 0.18 mmol) at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight and then washed it with brine, water and concentrated to dryness to give a white solid (63.0 g, 98% yield, MH + =339.1)  
                 
 
     [1816] To a stirred solution of starting material benzyl amine (0.99 g, 8.87 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) under nitrogen inlet at room temperature, was added sodium acetate (0.73 g, 8.87 mmol), 3°A molecular sieves (3.0 g) and aldehyde (3.0 g, 8.87 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight, followed by addition of NaBH 4  (0.67 g, 17.74 mmol), then stirred for 4 hrs and concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -1N NaOH. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 2%MeOH—NH 3 /98%CH 2 Cl 2  to give light yellow oil (3.75 g, 98% yield, MH + =430.2)  
                 
 
     [1817] To a stirred solution of Compound (764) from step B (0.41 g, 1.14 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature, was added NaH (0.02 g, 0.84 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr.  
     [1818] To a stirred solution of Compound (763) from step A (0.4 g, 0.84 mmol) in acetone (30 mL) under nitrogen inlet at room temperature, was added NaI (0.12 g, 0.84 mmol). The resulting solution was heated to reflux for 1 hour and then concentrated to dryness to afford Compound (766). To crude Compound (766) was added, DMF (10 mL) and the solution of Compound (764) from above and NaH (0.02 g, 0.84 mmol). The resulting solution was heated to 90° C. for overnight, then concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 2% MeOH—NH 3 /98% CH 2 Cl 2  to give Compound (767) as a yellow solid (0.23 g, 33% yield, MH + =830.4)  
                 
 
     [1819] A solution of Compound (767) from step C (0.238 g, 0.29 mmol) in 80% acetic acid in H 2 O was heated to reflux for 2 hrs and then concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -1N NaOH. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 3% MeOH—NH 3 /97%CH 2 Cl 2  to give white solid (0.10 g, 62% yield, M=588.2).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 62 
     [1820]                   
     [1821] 3(R)-(3-Methanesulfonyloxymethyl)pyrrolidine (J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 77-77) (0.993 g, 3.56 mmoles) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (25 mL) and sodium imidazole (0.6 g, 10 mmoles) was added. The mixture was heated at 60° C. for 2 h and then evaporated to dryness. The product was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  and washed with brine. CH 2 Cl 2  extract was evaporated to dryness to give the titled compound (1.1409 g, 100%), ESMS: FABMS (M+1)=252; δ H  (CDCl 3 ) 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.5-1.7 (m, 1H), 1.9-2.1 (m, 1H), 2.5-2.7 (m, 1H), 3.0-3.2 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.9 (dd, 2H), 6.9 (s, 1H), 7.1(s, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H)  
     [1822] In a similar manner, (S) isomer was prepared from 3(S)-(3-Methanesulfonyloxymethyl)pyrrolidine (0.993 g, 3.56 mmoles to give the title compound (1.1409 g, 100%).  
                 
 
     [1823] The title compound (0.48 g, 1.91 mmoles) from Step A was stirred in 4N HCl in dioxane (10 mL) for 2 h and then evaporated to dryness to give the title compound which was used to couple with the tricylic acid.  
     [1824] In a similar manner (S) isomer was prepared.  
     EXAMPLE 477 
     [1825]                   
     [1826] To a stirred solution of Compound (20) from preparative example 3 step B (4.86 g, 9.94 mmol) in EtOH (100 mL), was added 1N LiOH (80 mL). The resulting solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight and concentrated to dryness, followed by dissolving in CH 2 Cl 2 . The solution was then adjusted to pH=6.5-7.0 with 1N HCl. The aqueous layer was then separated and concentrated to dryness, then dissolved in THF to give the lithium salt (4.86 g, 100%yield, M+Li=467.1)  
                 
 
     [1827] To a stirred solution of Compound (769) from step A above (0.38 g, 0.84 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) under nitrogen inlet at room temperature, was added Compound (770) from Preparative Example 62 (0.163 g, 1.09 mmol), benzotriazoyl-N-oxtris (dimethyl-amino)phosphoniumhexafluro phosphate (0.44 g, 1.01 mmol) and Et 3 N (0.5 mL, 3.36 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight and concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -10% Citric acid. The combined organic layer was then washed with saturated NaHCO 3 , brine, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 3% MeOH—NH 3 /CH 2 Cl 2  to give a light yellow solid (0.12 g, M=594.2).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 63 
     [1828]                   
     [1829] To a solution of 4-hydroxy-piperidine (2 g, 19.78 mmoles) and triethylamine (4.16 mL, 29.67 mmoles) in CH 2 Cl 2  (20 mL), di-tert-butyldicarbonate (5.18 g, 23.72 mmoles) was added and stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The solution was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  and washed with water, dried (MgSO 4 ) filtered and evaporated to give the title compound (3.95 g, 99%). FABMS (M+1)=202.  
                 
 
     [1830] The title compound from Step A above (3.5 g, 17.39 mmoles) and triethylamine (4.85 mL, 34.79 mmoles) were dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (30 mL) and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen at 0° C. Methanesulfonylchloride (1.62 mL, 20.88 mmoles) was added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solution was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, water and dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (4.68 g, 96.4%). ESMS: m/z=280 (MH + )  
                 
 
     [1831] A solution of the title compound from Step B (4.0 g, 14.32 mmoles) in DMF (120 mL) was added to a stirred solution of NaH (0.52 g, 21.66 mmoles) and imidazole (1.46 g, 21.47 mmoles) in DMF (20 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 16 h. DMF was evaporated in vacuo. The resulting crude product was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  and the extract was successively washed with water and brine, and the CH 2 Cl 2  was evaporated to leave the title residue which was chromatographed on silica gel using 3% (10% conc NH 4 OH in methanol)-CH 2 Cl 2  as eluant to give the title compound (0.94 g, 26%). FABMS (M+1)=252;  H  (CDCl 3 ) 1.4 (s, 9H), 1.6-1.8 (m, 2H), 2.0 (dd, 2H), 2.8 (dt, 2H), 4.05 (m, 1H), 4.2 m, 2H), 6.9 (s, 1H), 7.0 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H).  
                 
 
     [1832] The title compound (0.21 g, 0.836 mmoles) from Step C was stirred in 4N HCl in dioxane (5 mL) for 2 h and then evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (772) which was used to couple with the tricylic acid.  
     EXAMPLE 478 
     [1833]                   
     [1834] To a stirred solution of Compound (758) from Example 475 step D (0.2 g, 0.46 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (5 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature, was added Compound (772) from Preparative Example 63, Step D (0.19 g, 0.55 mmol), bezotriazoyl-N-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)phosphoniumhexaflurophosphate (0.25 g, 0.55 mmol) and Et 3 N (0.3 mL, 1.85 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight and concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -10% citric acid. The combined organic layer was then washed with sat. NaHCO 3 , brine, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, concentrated to dryness and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 3%MeOH—NH 3 /CH 2 Cl 2  to give a white solid (773) (0.013 g, 5% yield, M=566.2)  
     EXAMPLE 479 
     [1835]                   
     [1836] 3-bromo-8-chloroazaketone (U.S. Pat. No. 5,977,128, Preparative Example 11, step A, (1999)) was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, and Example 91 to obtain the N-BOC derivatives (774) and (775). Compounds (774) and (775) were then reacted separately in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 19, Step D to obtain the enantiomers (776) and (777).  
     EXAMPLE 480  
     [1837] In essentially the same manner as in Examples (420) and (421), Compounds (778) and (779) were prepared.  
                 
 
     [1838] (R is defined in Table 45).  
                           TABLE 45                       Compound #   R =   Enantiomer   FABMS(M + 1)                                                                    778                         1   628               779                         2   628                  
 
     [1839] Phys. Data  
     [1840] (778):  1 H-NMR (Varians 400 MHz, CDCl 3 , ppm): δ=8.564 (1H, d, J=2 Hz), 7.784 (1H, d, J=2 Hz), 7.624 (1H, d, J=2 Hz), 7.51-7.37 (5H, m), 7.305 (1H, s), 7.267 (1H, s), 6.870 (1H, s), 6.867 (1H, s), 6.579 (1H, s), 5.282 (1H, d, J=16 Hz), 5.031 (1H, d, J=17 Hz), 4.576 (1H, s), 3.176 (4H, brddd, J=6, 14 and 58 Hz), 2.485 (3H, s), 1.950 (4H, dd, J=6 and 9 Hz); MS (m/e) 630 (M+H), 340, 327, 293, 263, 249; HRMS (Jeol JMS-HX110A) calcd for C31H27BrClN7O 628.1227 (M+1), found 628.1229.  
     EXAMPLE 481  
     [1841] In essentially the same manner as in Example 70, Compounds (780) and (781) were prepared.  
                 
 
     [1842] (R is defined in Table 46).  
                                   TABLE 46                                   Compound #   R =   Enantiomer   FABMS(M + 1)                                                                                    780                         1   562                       781                         2   562                      
 
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 64 
     [1843]                   
     [1844] Compound (368) from Preparative Example 42, Step C (2.34 g, 5.29 mmol) was dissolved in 25 mL CH 2 Cl 2  at 0° C. PPh 3  (1.66 g, 6.34 mmol) and NBS (1.03 g, 5.82 mmol) were added. After 90 mins, the reaction was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  (20 mL), washed with sat. NaHCO 3 , brine and dried with MgSO 4 . The crude product was purified on a silica gel column (4:1 hexanes/EtOAc to 2:1) to yield 1.8 g of Compound (782) as a light yellow solid. MS M+1504.  
                 
 
     [1845] 5-Iodo-1 N-methylimidazole (455 mg, 2.18 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL THF at room temperature. EtMgBr (2.4 mL, 1.0 M in THF) was added dropwise. After 30 mins, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. 10 mL THF solution of CuCN (175 mg, 1.96 mmol) and LiCl (166 mg, 3.9 mmol) was then added. 10 mins later, Compound (782) from Step A above (989 mg, 1.96 mmol, in 10 mL THF) was added. The reaction was stirred overnight. Sat. NH 4 Cl solution was added to quench the reaction. The resulting emulsion was filtered through a sintered funnel and the filtrate was extracted with EtOAc twice. The organic layer was washed with NaHCO 3  solution and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vivo. The resulting crude material was chromatographed on a silica gel column (using 1:1 hexanes/EtOAc then 10:1 CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH) to obtain 330 mg of the title product. MS M+1=506 The enantiomers were seperated on a chiral AD column.  
     EXAMPLE 482 
     [1846]                   
     [1847] Compound (783) from Preparative Example 64, Step B above (40 mg) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (5 mL) at room temerature followed by addition of TFA (0.5 mL). After 2 hrs, the solvent was evaporated in vivo and coevaporated with PhCH 3  twice. The crude mixture was then dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (4 mL) and Et 3 N was added dropwise till the solution became basic by PH paper. 4-Cyanophenyl isocyanate (14 mg) was added. After 5 minutes, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vivo to dryness. The crude material was then purified using prep TLC plate (10:1 CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH) to get 23 mg of Compound (784) as a white solid. MS M+1550.  
     EXAMPLE (483)  
     [1848]                   
     [1849] Compound (785) was prepared following essentially the same procedure as in Preparative Example 64 and Example 482, substituting 4-Iodo-1-trityl imidazole for 5-Iodo-1 N-methylimidazole.  
     EXAMPLE 484 
     [1850]                   
     [1851] Compound (786) and (787) were prepared following essentially the same procedure as in Preparative Example 7, substituting ketones (15) and (16) from Preparative Example 2, Step D for ketones (9) and (10).  
     [1852] Compound (786) MH + =497; [α] D   20 =+15.3.  
     [1853] Compound (787) MH + =497; [α] D   20 =−13.4.  
     EXAMPLE 485 
     [1854]                   
     [1855] Following essentially the same procedure as in Preparative Example 33, Steps E-H, except substituting compound (365) for Compound (281) and 2-hydroxymethyl imidazole for 1-methylimidazole, compound (788) was prepared.  
     [1856] (788):  1 H-NMR (Varians 400 MHz, CDCl 3 , ppm): δ=8.5 (1H,dd), 7.34 (1H,s), 7.59 (1H, d), 7.4 (2H, m), 7.25 (2H, m), 7.04 (1H, s), 6.9 (1H, s), 6.6 (1H, s), 5.37 (2H, dd), 4.8 (2H, dd), 4.6 (1H, s), 3.2 (5H, br s), 2.0 (2H, br s), 1.9 (2H, br s), 1.4 (9H, s).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 65 
     [1857]                   
     [1858] To a solution of the alcohol (3.8 g, 8.6 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (100 mL) under nirtogen was added MnO 2  (40 g). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 days. The mixture was then filtered through a pad of Celite with ethyl acetate (500 mL) as the eluant. The filtrate was concentrated to yield a yellow liquid (4.0 g, MH+440.1). The crude material was separated into its pure isomers by HPLC, using a chiral AD column eluting with 20% IPA/80%Hexanes/0.2%DEA (isomer 1, 810 mg; isomer 2, 806 mg).  
                 
 
     [1859] To a solution of imidazole Grignard prepared from 5-iodo-1 N-methylimidazole (312 mg, 1.5 mmol, preparative example 64 step B) was added a solution of aldehyde (791) (380 mg, 0.86 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2  (10 mL). After stirring at room temperature overnight, the mixture was heated to 40° C. for one hour. After cooling to room temperature again, saturated NH 4 Cl solution was added to quench the reaction. The organic layer was dried and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was then purified by silica gel column (from 2% to 10% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2 ) to give the product as a brown oil (207 mg, 46% yield, MH+=522.1). The diastereomers were then separated by HPLC, using a chiral AD column eluting with 20% IPA/80%Hexanes/0.2%DEA.  
                 
 
     [1860] To a THF solution (5 mL) of (790) (200 mg, 0.38 mmol) at room temperature was added DPPA (210 mg, 0.76 mmol) followed by addition of DBU (120 mg, 0.76 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight and then diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), washed with water twice and brine once. The organic layer was dried and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by prep TLC (10% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2  with 0.2% NH 3 ) to give product (791) (102.8 mg, MH+547.1). Starting material (790) (58 mg) was also recovered. The diastereomers of (791) were separated on a chiral AD column.  
     EXAMPLE 486 
     [1861]                   
     [1862] To a wet THF solution (3 mL) of (791) (48 mg, 0.09 mmol) was added PPh 3  (32 mg, 0.12 mmol) at room temperature. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified with prep TLC (10% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2  with 0.2% NH 3 ) to give a white solid (24.3 mg). The white solid was then redissolved in THF/H 2 O (5 mL/0.5 ml) and the mixture was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was dried and concentrated. The residue was purified with prep TLC (5% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2  with 0.2% NH 3 ) to yield a yellow solid (792) (8.3 mg, MH+521.1).  
     EXAMPLE 487 
     [1863]                   
     [1864] Compound (790) was converted to compound (793) following the essentially the same procedure as described in EXAMPLE 482. MS M +1  566.1.  
     EXAMPLE 488 
     [1865]                   
     [1866] Compound (790) was converted to compound (794) following essentially the same procedure as described in PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 65, Step A. MS M +1  520.1.  
     EXAMPLE 489 
     [1867]                   
     [1868] Aldehyde (789) from Preparative Example 65, Step A (150 mg, 0.34 mmol) was dissolved in THF (6 mL). To this solution was added MeMgBr (0.3 mL, 3.0M in Et 2 O) dropwise. After stirring at room temperature for 4 hrs, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NH 4 Cl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated to give a yellow solid (150 mg). The crude product was then dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (5 mL). To this solution was added Dess-Martin Periodinane (210 mg) and a drop of water. After 1 hr, aqueous Na 2 S 2 O 3  solution (4 mL, 10%) was added. The mixture was stirred for 10 min. and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was washed with NaHCO 3 , dried and concentrated. The crude material was purified using prep TLC plates (5% methanol in CH 2 Cl 2 ) to yield the methyl ketone product (795) as a yellow solid (70 mg).  
                 
 
     [1869] To a solution of imidazole Grignard prepared from 5-iodo-1 N-methylimidazole (624 mg, 3 mmol, see preparative example 64 step B using ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl as solvent instead of THF) was added a ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl (6 mL) solution of methyl ketone (795) (272 mg, 0.6 mmol). The mixture was heated to 60° C. for 1.5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, saturated NH 4 Cl solution was added to quench the reaction. The organic layer was dried and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was then purified by silica gel column (from 2% to 10% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2 ) to give the product (795.1) as a brown solid (63 mg, 10:1 diastereomeric selectivity, MH + =536.1). Major diastereomer: (CDCl 3 , 300 MHz) 8.47 (d, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.54 (s,1H), 7.34 (d, 1H), 7.25-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 4.61 (s,1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.24 (br s, 4H), 2.24 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.88 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 9H).  
                 
 
     [1870] Compound (795.1) can be converted to acetate compound (795.2) by reacting it with 1 equivalent of acetic anhydride and 2 equivalents of pyridine.  
                 
 
     [1871] Compound (795.2) can be converted to compound (795.3) by reacting it with 1.5 equivalents of NaN 3 , 15-crown-5, and a catalytic amount of Pd(dba) 2 /PPh 3 .  
     [1872] Alternatively, (795.3) can be synthesized by treating (795.1) with NaN 3 , TFA followed by (Boc) 2 O, and triethyl amine.  
                 
 
     [1873] Compound (795.4) can be prepared by reacting (795.3) with P(CH 3 ) 3 /H 2 O.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 66 
     [1874]                   
     [1875] Compound 661 was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23 and then Example 91 to obtain the N-BOC derivatives (796), (797), (798), and (799). Compounds (796), (797), (798), and (799) were then further reacted separately in essentially the same manner as in PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 19, Step D to obtain the enantiomers (800), (801) (+ enantiomers, isomer A) and (802), (803) (− enantiomers, isomer B). The C5 and C-6 vinyl bromide intermediates were separated by silica gel chromatography using hexane:ethyl acetate (80:20) as described in PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 23, Step B.  
     EXAMPLE 490-491  
     [1876] The appropriate (+) enantiomer (800) or (−) enantiomer (802) from Preparative Example 66 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2  treated with the corresponding isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1877] (wherein R is defined in Table 47).  
                               TABLE 47                       Ex-                       ample       Enanti-   Comp   Phys.       #   R   omer   #   Data.                                                                            490                         +   (804)   Mp =160-165° C. [α] D 25  =+84° (0.84 mg/1 mL MeOH) MH += 546               491                         —   (805)   Mp =158-163° C. [α] D 25  =−91.6° (0.84 mg/1 mL MeOH) MH += 546                  
 
     [1878] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 67 
                 
 
     [1879] 15.4 g (115 mmole) of CuCl 2  and 17 mL (144 mmol) of t-butyl nitrite was added to 400 mL of dry CH 3 CN. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and 25 g of ketone (564) was added. The reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for two days. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. Then 1N HCl was added to the residue until the pH was neutral, then NH 4 OH was added until the pH was basic. After extraction with ethyl acetate, the organic layer was dried over MgSO 4  and concentrated under vacuum to give compound (807). Alternatively, the corresponding alcohol of 564 can be reacted as above followed by oxidation with MnO 2  in CH 2 Cl 2  to give compound (807).  
                 
 
     [1880] Compound (807) from step B above was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, and then Example 91 to obtain the N-BOC derivatives (808), (809), (810) and (811). These were then reacted separately in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 19, Step D to obtain the enantiomers (812) and (814), as well as enantiomers (813) and (815). The C5 and C-6 vinyl bromide intermediates were separated by silica gel chromatography using hexane:ethyl acetate as described in Preparative Example 23, Step B.  
     EXAMPLE 493  
     [1881] The appropriate enantiomer (812) (enantiomer 1) or (814) (enantiomer 2) from Preparative Example 67, Step B above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1882] (wherein R is defined in Table 48).  
                               TABLE 48                       Starting       Enanti-   Comp   Phys.       Cmp. #   R   omer   #   Data.                                                                            (812)                         +   816   Mp =175-181° C. [α] D 25  =+94.2°(1 mg/1 mL MeOH)               (814)                         −   (817)   Mp =182-186° C. [α] D 25  =−120.3°(1 mg/1 mL MeOH)                  
 
     EXAMPLE 494  
     [1883] The appropriate enantiomer (813) (enantiomer 1) or (815) (enantiomer 2) from Preparative Example 67, Step B above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1884] (wherein R is defined in Table 49).  
                               TABLE 49                       Starting       Enanti-   Cmp   Phys.       Cmp #   R   omer   #   Data.                                                                            (813)                         +   (818)   Mp =176-181° C. [α] D 25  =+46.3°(0.79 mg/1 mL MeOH) MH += 584               (815)                         −   (819)   Mp =174-180° C. [α] D 25  =−43.3°(0.94 mg/1 mL MeOH) MH += 584                  
 
     [1885] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 68 
                 
 
     [1886] Compound (807) from Preparative Example 67, Step A above was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, and then Example 91, substituting 2-ethylimidazole for 2-methylimidazole, to obtain the N-BOC derivatives (820), (821), (822) and (823). These were then reacted seperately in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 19, Step D to obtain the enantiomers (824) and (826), as well as enantiomers (825) and (827). The C5 and C-6 vinyl bromide intermediates were separated by silica gel chromatography using hexane:ethyl acetate as described in Preparative Example 23, Step B.  
     EXAMPLE 495  
     [1887] The appropriate enantiomer (824) (enantiomer 1) or (826) (enantiomer 2) from Preparative Example 68 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1888] (wherein R is defined in Table 50 
                               TABLE 50                       Starting       Enanti-   Comp   Phys.       Cmp #   R   omer   #   Data.                                                                            (824)                         +   (828)   Mp =176-182° C. [α] D 25  =+84.5° (1.3 mg/1 mL MeOH) MH += 598               (826)                         −   (829)   Mp =175-182° C. [α] D 25  =−88.8° (1.14 mg/1 mL MeOH) MH += 598                  
 
     EXAMPLE 496  
     [1889] The appropriate enantiomer (825) (enantiomer 1) or (827) (enantiomer 2) from Preparative Example 68 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1890] (wherein R is defined in Table 51).  
                               TABLE 51                       Starting Cmp #   R   Enantiomer   Comp #   Phys. Data.                                                                            (825)                         +   (830)   Mp = 170-174° C. [α]D 25  = +39.1° (0.81 mg/1 mL MeOH) MH+ = 598               (827)                         −   (831)   Mp = 170-175° C. [α]D 25  = −36.4° (0.96 mg/1 mL MeOH) MH+ = 598                  
 
     [1891] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 69 
                 
 
     [1892] 3-Bromo-8-chloroazaketone (U.S. Pat. No. 5,977,128, Preparative Example 11, Step A, (1999)) was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, and then Example 91, substituting 2-ethylimidazole for 2-methylimidazole, to obtain the N-BOC derivatives (832) and (833). These were then reacted separately in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 19, Step D to obtain the enantiomers (834) and (835).  
     EXAMPLE 497  
     [1893] The appropriate enantiomer (834) (enantiomer 1) or (835) (enantiomer 2) from Preparative Example 69 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1894] (wherein R is defined in Table 52).  
                               TABLE 52                       Starting Cmp #   R   Enantiomer   Comp #   Phys. Data.                                          (834)                         A   (836)   Mp = 172-179° C. (d) MH+ = 643               (835)                         B   (837)   Mp = 171.9-178.3° C. MH+ = 643                  
 
     [1895] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 70 
                 
 
     [1896] Compound 661 was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, and then Example 91, substituting 2-isopropylimidazole for 2-methylimidazole, to obtain the N-BOC derivatives (838) and (839). These were then reacted separately in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 19, Step D to obtain the enantiomers (840) and (841).  
     EXAMPLE 498  
     [1897] The appropriate enantiomer (840) (enantiomer 1) or (841) (enantiomer 2) from Preparative Example 70 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1898] (wherein R is defined in Table 53).  
                               TABLE 53                       Starting Cmp #   R   Enantiomer   Comp #   Phys. Data.                                                                            (840)                         A   (842)   Mp = 168-170° C. (d) [α]D 25  = +64.1° (0.66 mg/1 mL MeOH)               (841)                         B   (843)   Mp = 166-171° C. [α]D 25  = −80.9° (0.85 mg/1 mL MeOH)                  
 
     [1899] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 71 
                 
 
     [1900] 3-Methoxy-8-chloroazaketone (U.S. Pat. No. 5,977,128 (1999), Example 2, step D) was reacted in the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, and Example 91 to obtain the N-BOC derivatives (844) and (845). These compoounds were then reacted seperately in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 19, Step D to obtain the enantiomers (846) (A) and (847) (B).  
     EXAMPLE 499  
     [1901] The appropriate enantiomer (846) (enantiomer A) or (847) (enantiomer B) from Preparative Example 71 above, was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate and stirred at room temperature over night. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel column chromatography to afford compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1902] (wherein R is defined in Table 54).  
                               TABLE 54                       Starting Cmp #   R   Enantiomer   Comp #   Phys. Data.                                          (846)                         A   (848)   Mp = 174.2-189.3° C. (d) MH+ = 580               (847)                         B   (849)   Mp = 174.4-189.8° C. MH+ = 580                  
 
     EXAMPLE 500 
     [1903]                   
     [1904] Compound (850) can be prepared by following essentially the same procedure as described in Example 482.  
     EXAMPLE 501 
     [1905]                   
     [1906] Starting with compound (240) from Preparative Example 23, Step H, compound (851) can be prepared following essentially the same procedure as described in Preparative Example 65, Steps A and B.  
     EXAMPLE 502 
     [1907]                   
     [1908] Starting with compound (240) from Preparative Example 23, Step H, compound (852) can be prepared following essentially the same procedures as described in Preparative Example 65, Step A and Example 489, Steps A-E.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 72 
     [1909]                   
     [1910] The starting tricyclic keto compound (disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,423) (56.5 g; 270 mmol) was combined with NBS (105 g; 590 mmol) and benzoyl peroxide (0.92 g) in CCl 4 . The reaction was heated at 80° C. for 5 hr. The mixture was cooled and the resulting precipitate was filtered and treated with DBU (25.59 ml) in THF (300 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs, then evaporated, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 —H 2 O. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to give a mixture of two compounds which were separated on a flash silica gel column eluting with Hexane-50% EtOAc to give the title compound (853) δ H  (CDCl 3 ) 8.8 (dd, 1H), 8.45 (dd,1H), 7.99 (m, 1H), 7.92 (s,1H), 7.59-7.64 (m, 3H), 7.23 (dd, 1H) and (854) δ H  (CDCl 3 ) 8.19 (dd, 1H), 7.99 (dd, 1H), 7.82 (dd, 1H), 7.25-7.65(m, 4H), 7.22 (s, 1H)  
                 
 
     [1911] Compound (853) (25 g), triphenyl phosphine (13.75 g), and palladium chloride (1.5 g) were combine in MeOH (30 ml) and toluene (200 ml). To the mixture was added DBU (18 ml) and the mixture was sealed in a parr bomb. The mixture was stirred and subjected to 100 psi of CO at 80° C. for 5 hr. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and purified by flash chromatography eluting with CH 2 Cl 2 -10% EtOAc to give the title compound (855). δ H  (CDCl 3 ) 8.8 (dd, 1H), 8.40 (dd, 1H), 8.2 (s 1H), 8.04 (dd, 1H), 7.59-7.64 (m, 4H), 3.95 (s, 3H).  
                 
 
     [1912] Reacting compound (854) in essentially the same manner as described in Step B above, gave the title compound (856). δ H  (CDCl 3 ) 8.85 (dd, 1H), 7.85-8.0 (m, 2H), 7.8 (s, 1H), 7.25-7.31 (m, 4H)  
                 
 
     [1913] Compound (855) (19.5 g, 73.5 m mol) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (100 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Tetrabutyl ammonium nitrate (31.36 g, 103 n mol) and trifluoro acetic anhydride (18.52 g, 88 m mol) were added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -NaHCO 3 . The combine organic layer was dried over MgSO 4  and concentrated to dryness and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel using CH 2 Cl 2 -EtOAc (25%) to give the title compound (857) (12.4 g), δ H  (CDCl 3 ) 9.45 (dd, 1H), 9.05 (dd, 1H), 8.28 (s 1H), 8.0 (dd, 1H), 7.65 (m, 3H), 3.98 (s, 3H).  
     [1914] Step E  
                 
 
     [1915] Reacting compound (856) in essentially the same manner as described in Step D above, gave the title compound (858). MH + =311 
                 
 
     [1916] Compound (857) (6 g,) was balloon hydrogenated in MeOH (100 mL) over Raney-Ni (4.2 g) at room temperature overnight. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (859) (4.66 g) MH + =281 
                 
 
     [1917] Reacting compound (858) in essentially the same manner as described in Step F above, gave the title compound (860) MH + =281.  
                 
 
     [1918] To a suspension of compound (859) (2.1 g) in 48% HBr, was added sodium nitrite (1.55 g) followed by bromine (2.11 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Concentrated NH 4 OH was then added dropwise until basic pH (to litmus paper). The reaction was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 , washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and the solvent evaporated to give the title compound (861) (1.75 g) MH + =345.  
                 
 
     [1919] Reacting compound (861) in essentially the same manner as described in Step H above, gave the title compound (862) MH + =345.  
                 
 
     [1920] To a stirred solution of compound (861) (1.6 g, 4.64 mmole) in MeOH (30 mL) under nitrogen at 0° C. was added NaBH 4  (0.3 g, 7.9 mmole). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs, then evaporated, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 —H 2 O. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (863) (1.58 g) MH + =347.  
                 
 
     [1921] Reacting compound (862) in essentially the same manner as described in Step J above, gave the title compound (864). MH + =347 
                 
 
     [1922] Compound 863 (1.57 g,) was stirred in thionyl chloride (10 mL) at room temperature for 4 hrs then evaporated to dryness. The resulting crude oil as taken up in acetonitrile (50 mL) and refluxed with N-Boc-piparazine (1.41 g) and triethyl amine (3.91 g) overnight. The mixture was evaporated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -NaHCO 3 . The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to give a brown gum which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with Hexane −20% EtOAc to give the title compound (865) (0.69 g); MH + =515.  
                 
 
     [1923] Reacting compound (864) in essentially the same manner as described in Step L above, gave the title compound (866) MH + =515.  
                 
 
     [1924] Compound (865) (0.65 g, 1.26 mmole) was refluxed with LiOH (0.45 g, 18.79 mmole) in MeOH (15 mL) and water (1 mL) for 2 hrs. 10% aq. Citric acid was added until pH=3.5, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4  filtered and evaporated to dryness to give a white solid (867) (0.60 g)) MH + =501 
                 
 
     [1925] Reacting compound (866) in essentially the same manner as described in Step N above, gave the title compound (868). MH + =501 
                 
 
     [1926] Compound (867) (0.60 g, 1.21 mmole) was stirred with carbonyl diimidazole (0.59 g, 3.63 mmole) in THF (15 mL) at at 40° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled in an ice-bath then added NaBH 4  (0.28 g, 7.31 mmole) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was evaporated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -water. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to give a brown gum which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with Hexane −50% EtOAc to give the title compound (869)(0.493 g) MH + =487.  
                 
 
     [1927] Reacting compound (868) in essentially the same manner as described in Step P above, gave the title compound (870). MH + =487 
                 
 
     [1928] Compound (869) (0.0.38 g, 0.78 mmole) was stirred with methanesulfonyl-chloride (0.33 g, 1.296 mmole) and triethylamine (0.68 g, 6.72 mmole) in THF (10 mL) at room temperature overnight. The mixture was evaporated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -water. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (871)(0.369 g). MH + =565 
                 
 
     [1929] Reacting compound (870) in essentially the same manner as described in Step R above, gave the title compound (872). MH + =565 
                 
 
     [1930] Compound (871) (0.0.369 g, 0.653 mmole) was stirred with 2-methylimidazole (0.188 g, 2.28 mmole) in DMF (5 mL) at room temperature overnight. The mixture was evaporated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -water. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, evaporated to dryness and then purified on silica-gel prep-plate chromatography, eluting with CH 2 Cl 2 -5% (MeOH-10% NH 4 OH) to give the product as a mixture of isomers (1.126 g) MH + =551. Separation of the product mixture by HPLC using a prep AD column, eluting with 20% IPA/80%hexane/0.2%DEA (isocratic 60 ml/min.) afforded pure isomer 1 (873) (0.06 g, MH + =551 and isomer 2 (874) (0.0061 g) MH + =551.  
                 
 
     [1931] Reacting compound (872) in essentially the same manner as described in Step T above, gave the title compounds (875). MH + =551, and (876) MH + =551.  
     EXAMPLE 503 
     [1932]                   
     [1933] Compound (873) (0.043 g, 0.078 mmole) was stirred with TFA (5 mL) in CH 2 Cl 2  (5 mL) for 4 hrs. at room temperature. The mixture was then evaporated to dryness. To the residue was added p-cyanophenylisocyanate (0.0123 g, 0.086 mmole), and triethylamine (0.5 mL) in CH 2 Cl 2  (5 mL) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The mixture was evaporated to dryness, followed by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 -brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to give a brown gum which was purified by prep-plate chromatography on silica gel, eluting with CH 2 Cl 2 -5% (MeOH-10% NH 4 OH) to give the title compound (877) (0.0394 g). MH + =595, δ H  (CDCl 3 ) 8.6 (1H); 8.05 (1H); 7.22-7.5 (8H); 6.99 (1H); 6.95 (1H); 6.93 (1H); 4.99-5.25 (2H); 4.6 (1H); 3.1-3.25 (4H); 2.25 (3H), 1.8-2.05 (4H).  
     EXAMPLE 504 
     [1934]                   
     [1935] Reacting compound (874) in essentially the same manner as described in Example 503 above, gave the title compound. (878) MH + =595, δ H  (CDCl 3 ) 8.6 (1H); 8.05 (1H); 7.22-7.5 (8H); 6.99 (1H); 6.95 (1H); 6.93 (1H); 4.99-5.25 (2H); 4.6 (1H); 3.1-3.25 (4H); 2.25 (3H), 1.8-2.05 (4H).  
     EXAMPLE 505 
     [1936]                   
     [1937] Reacting compound (875) in essentially the same manner as described in Example 503 above, gave the title compound (879). MH + =595, δ H  (CDCl 3 ) 8.55 (1H); 7.78 (1H); 7.65 (1H);7.4-7.51 (6H); 6.98 (1H); 6.9 (1H); 6.85 (1H); 5.05-5.3 (2H); 4.6 (1H); 3.1-3.25 (4H); 2.5 (3H), 1.8-2.00 (4H).  
     EXAMPLE 506  
     [1938] Diasteromeric separation of product (795.1):  
                 
 
     [1939] from Example 489, Step B, was done by PREP HPLC using the Prep Chiralcel OD Column and eluting with 20% IPA/HEXANES+0.2% DEA (initial mobile phase), then 25%IPA/HEXANES+0.2% DEA (final mobile phase) to give 795.1 isomer-1 (i.e., 795.1 a) and 795.1 isomer-2 (i.e., 795.1b).  
     [1940] Isomer-1—MH + =536.1 (CDCL3, 400 MHz) 8.437 (d,1H), 8.22 (d,1H), 7.54 (s,1H), 7.49 (d,1H), 7.37 (d,1H), 7.31 (d,1H), 7.19(m,1H), 7.10 (s,1H), 6.57 (s,1H),4.57 (s,1H),3.86 (s,3H),3.21(br, s, 4H), 2.24 (m,2H), 1.98 (m,2H), 1.90 (s,3H),1.41 (s,9H). m.p. 195-197° C.  
     [1941] Isomer-2—MH + =536.1 (CDCL3, 400 MHz) 8.47(d,1H), 7.64 (d,1H) 7.64 (d,1H),7.54 (s,1H),7.5(s,1H),7.35(d,1H),7.23(m,1H),7.21 (m,1H), 7.22 (m,1H), 7.14 (s,1H),6.8 (d,1H), 4.59 (s,1H), 3.76 (s,3H), 3.23 (br.s.4H), 2.23 (m,2H),1.99 (m,2H),1.87 (s,3H),1.41 (s,9H). m.p. 206-208° C.  
     EXAMPLE 507 
     [1942]                   
     [1943] Compound 795.1 b (isomer 2, 0.093 g, 0.173 mmoles) was converted to 795.2b by reacting it with CH 2 Cl 2 (5.0 ml)/TFA (1.0 ml) at room temperature under N 2 .  
     [1944] The same procedure was used to prepare 795.2a (isomer 1) from 795.1 a.  
     EXAMPLE 508 
     [1945]                   
     [1946] Separations of enantiomers 365a and 365b is accomplished by chiral HPLC using a Chiralpak AD column and eluting with IPA (20%) hexanes (80%)+0.2% DEA.  
     [1947] Isomer 365a: retention time=7.65 min; MH + =492.  
     [1948] Isomer 365b: retention time=12.16 min; MH + =492, m.p. 95-100° C.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 73 
     [1949]                   
     [1950] Dissolve (880) (2 eq. 14.2 mmol) in THF (20 ml), add 1M LiOH (16 ml) and stir at room temperature for 1 hour or until reaction is complete. evaporate to dryness, then evaporate 3× with toluene, to obtain crude (881) as a solid.  
                 
 
     [1951] Take crude (881) from Step A, and dissolve in DMF (60 ml), and add NH(OMe)Me (3.14 g), DEC (6.14 g), HOBT (2.16 g), NMM (11 ml), and stir at room temperature over night. Add 1.0 N HCL until acetic (pH=2), wash with diethyl ether. Add, while stirring, K2CO 3  until basic ˜pH=8, saturate with NaCl, and extract with (4×).CH 2 Cl 2 . Dry with MgSO 4 , filter and evaporate to obtain product (882) (3.23 g).  
                 
 
     [1952] Took crude (882) (14.2 mmol), and dissolve in THF (100 ml). Cool in an iced bath and add MeMgBr (3 Molar in diethyl ether); (22.2 ml), dropwise over 10 minutes, under N 2  Let warm to 40° C. and stir for 4 hours or until reaction is complete. Cool in an iced bath and add saturated NH 4 Cl. Extract with ethyl acetate and then 3× with CH 2 Cl 2  Dry with MgSO 4 , filter and evaporate. Store under vacuum to obtain crystals—(883)(1.78 g, 74%).  
                 
 
     [1953] Dissolve 365 (0.24 g, 0.49 mmol) in THF (2.5 ml). Cool under N 2  to −78° C., add (1) (BuLi, 2.5M, 0.2 ml) and stir the resulting dark brown solution for 15 minutes. Dissolved 883 (0.116 g) from Step C in 0.5 mL of THF and add to reaction and stir at −78° C. for 3 hours. Add reaction mixture to brine and extract with ethyl acetate (2×). Dry with MgSO 4 , filter and evaporate to obtain a yellow solid. Purified crude (0.29 g) by Prep Plate Chromatography to afford 0.0.15 g, 42% yield of the desired product (795.1).  
     EXAMPLE 509 
     [1954]                   
     [1955] Compound 795.1 is separated into the two diasteromers (isomer-1 and isomer-2) by chiral HPLC using a Chiralpak OD column and using IPA (20%) hexanes (80%)+0.2% DEA as described in EXAMPLE 506.  
     EXAMPLE 510 
     [1956]                   
     [1957] 365a [0.9 g, 1.83 mmol] was dissolved in dry THF (15 ml) and cooled to −75° C. (dry ice/acetone bath). (2)(N-BuLi)[(2.5N in Hexanes); 0.24 g, 1.5 ml, 3.74 mmol], was added dropwise at −75° C. and stirred for ˜20 minutes. (1) 5-Formyl-1-Methyl Imidazole (0.3 g, 2.75 mmol in 2 ml THF was added quickly and stirred at −75° C. for 3 hours. TLC with (H 2 O-Ethyl Acetate). Reaction completed. Worked up by adding 10 ml of H 2 O and extracted with Ethyl Acetate and washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to give crude product. Crude was purified by Flash Chromatography (silica gel column) using CH 2 Cl 2 /5% CH 3 OH (15% NH 4 OH) to give 0.54 g of compound 884, 56% yield.  
                 
 
     [1958] Starting material 884 (0.54G) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 , and MnO 2  (5 g) was added and stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC in 75% CH 2 Cl 2 /25% EtoAc/5% MeOH (15% NH 4 OH). Filtered off the inorganics and evaporated to dryness to give 0.49 g of 885, 90% yield.  
     [1959] Step C  
                 
 
     [1960] 0.35 g, 1.71 mmol of (CH 3 ) 3  S +  I −  was dissolved in dry DMSO (5 ml) and THF (5 ml). Sodium hydride (0.068 g, 1.71 mmol) was added, stirred for 10 minutes. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. Starting material 885, 0.3 g, 0.577 mmol in (DMSO-THF 1:15 ml) was added and stirred at 0° C. for 6 hours and then stored in the refrigerator for 18 hours. TLC EtoAc-H 2 O. Extracted with Ethyl Acetate and washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to give 0.310 g of product, 886.  
                 
 
     [1961] Dissolved 886 (0.28 g, 0.48 mmol) in THF (5 ml), added Li (Et) 3 BH (0.8 ml, 0.8 mmol). After stirring for 1 hour, added to reaction ˜10 ml of 1N HCL and stirred for 5 min. Added saturated sodium bicarbonate slowly until basic, and extracted with Ethyl Acetate (3×). Organic was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to give crude product. Column chromatography on 12 g of silica and eluting with 2% to 4% MeOH.NH 4 OH/CH 2 Cl 2  to gave 170 mg, 66% yield of pure product, 887.  
                 
 
     [1962] 887 was separated by Chiral Prep HPLC using a Chiral Technologies OD column and eluting with 20% Isopropanol/Hexanes/0.2% DEA to give Compounds; 888a and 888b.  
     EXAMPLES 511-513  
     [1963] Each isomer, 795.2a and 795.2b from Example 507 was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 , treated with the corresponding isocyanates and stirred at room temperature overnight. The crude product was purified directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel chromatography to afford compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1964] wherein R is defined in Table 55 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 55                               Isomer 1   Isomer 2       Example   R   Data   Data                                      511                         m.p. 200-202° C.   m.p. 197-200° C.               512                         m.p. 185-190° C.   m.p. 200-205° C.               513                         m.p. 210-214° C.   m.p. 185-190° C.                  
 
     EXAMPLES 514-535  
     [1965] If one were to follow procedures similar to those of Examples 511-513 then one would obtain compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [1966] wherein R is defined in Table 56 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 56                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                                        514                                     515                                     516                                     517                                     518                                     519                                     520                                     521                                     522                                     523                                     524                                     525                                     526                                     527                                     528                                     529                                     530                                     531                                     532                                     533                                     534                                     535                                        
 
     EXAMPLE 536  
     [1967] Each isomer, 795.2a and 795.2b from Example 507, was dissolved in anhydrous DMF at room temperature under nitrogen, followed by addition of the corresponding carboxylic acids, and the appropriate reagents: EDC, HOBT, and NMM. Reactions were then stirred at room temperature overnight. Solvents were removed via rotary evaporator yielding an oily residue. Residue was taken up in dichloromethane and washed with 1.0 N NaOH. Dry over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated. Crudes were purified by Prep TLC using dichloromethane/methanol to give compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [1968] wherein R is defined in Table 57 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                                   TABLE 57                                           Data   Data           Example   R   Isomer 1   Isomer 2                                                                        536                         m.p. 175-180° C.   —                  
 
     EXAMPLES 537-565  
     [1969] If one were to follow procedures similar to that of Example 536 then one would obtain compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [1970] wherein R is defined in Table 58 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 58                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                                                    537                                             538                                             539                                             540                                             541                                             542                                             543                                             544                                             546                                             547                                             548                                             549                                             550                                             551                                             552                                             553                                             554                                             555                                             556                                             557                                             558                                             559                                             560                                             561                                             562                                             563                                             564                                             565                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 566-567  
     [1971] Each isomer, 795.2a and 795.2b from Example 507, was dissolved in anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2  followed by Et 3 N. Reactions were then treated with the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides and stirred at room temperature over night. Quench reaction with 1.0 N NaOH and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . Organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography eluting with methanol-CH 2 Cl 2  afforded compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [1972] wherein R is defined in Table 59 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 59                               Data   Data       Example   R   Isomer 1   Isomer 2                                      566                         mp =215.4-217.5° C.   m.p. 185-188° C.               567                         *   mp =182-186° C.                          
 
     EXAMPLES 568-589  
     [1973] If one were to follow procedured similar to those in Examples 566-567 thenone would obtain compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [1974] wherein R is defined in Table 60 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                   TABLE 60                           R       Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                                                568                                             569                                             570                                             571                                             572                                             573                                             574                                             575                                             576                                             577                                             578                                             579                                             580                                             581                                             582                                             583                                             584                                             585                                             586                                             587                                             588                                             589                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 590-603  
     [1975] Each isomer, 795.2a and 795.2b from Example 507, was dissolved in anhydrous methylene chloride at room temperature. The reaction was cooled to 0° C. and TEA was added in. The respective chloroformates were then added dropwise, and reactions were stirred at 0° C. for until completed. Reactions were basified with 1.0 N NaOH to pH=8-10 followed by extraction with dichloromethane. Organic layer was combined, dried with MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to yield crude products. Purification by Prep TLC using methylene chloride/acetone (95%/5%) afforded the compounds:  
                 
 
     [1976] wherein R is defined in Table 61 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 61                       Exam-       Data   Data       ple   R   Isomer 1   Isomer 2                                                                    590                         —   —               591                         *   179.8-182.4° C.               592                             193.5-197.5° C.               593                         *   165.9-167.9° C.               594                         163.8-186.6° C.   mp =173-175° C.               595                         *   173.9-176.2° C.               596                         *   172-174° C.               597                         165-170° C.   185-188.5° C.               598                         184.3-186.6° C.   191.2-192.9° C.               599                         *   179.8-182.5° C.               600                         *   175-178° C.               601                         —   173-176° C.               602                         *   175-177° C.               603                         169.4-173.2° C.   164.4-167.2° C.                          
 
     [1977] PMR data for Example 592, isomer 1, (CD 3 Cl) 8.44 (d, 1H), 8.23 (d, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7348 (d, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.32 (dd, 1H), 7.18 (dd, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 4.87 (m, 1H), 4.58 (s, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.25 (br s, 4H), 2.26 (br s, 2H), 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.90 (s, 3H), 1.21 (d, 6H).  
     EXAMPLES 604-614  
     [1978] If one were to follow procedured similar to those in Examples 590-603 then one would obtain compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [1979] wherein R is defined in Table 62 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                   TABLE 62                           R       Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                                                604                                             605                                             606                                             607                                             608                                             609                                             610                                             611                                             612                                             613                                             614                                            
 
     [1980] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 74 
                 
 
     [1981] (wherein R is alkyl (e.g., ethyl) or cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclohexyl))  
     [1982] Dissolve Phosgene (3 mL, 1.93M in Toluene) in anhydrous ethyl ether and cooled to 0° C. A mixture of cyclohexyl alcohol (200 mg, 2 mmol) and pyridine (0.18 mL, 2.2 mmol) in ethyl ether (4 mL) was added in dropwise. After addition, reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature while stirring overnight. MgSO 4  was then added into reaction and the mixture was stirred for 5 min. After filtration, N 2  was bubbled into the solution for 30 min. It was then concentrated to 0.5 mL, diluted with CH 3 Ph (10 mL) and stored as a stock solution at 4° C.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 75 
     [1983]                   
     [1984] 15.4 g (115 mmole) of CuCl 2  and 17 mL (144 mmol) of t-butyl nitrite was added to 400 mL of dry CH 3 CN. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and 25 g of ketone (564)? was added. The reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for two days. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. Then 1N HCl was added to the residue until the pH was neutral, then NH 4 OH was added until the pH was basic. After extraction with ethyl acetate, the organic layer was dried over MgSO 4  and concentrated under vacuum to give compound 890. Alternatively, the corresponding alcohol of 889 can be reacted as above followed by oxidation with MnO 2  in CH 2 Cl 2  to give compound 890.  
                 
 
     [1985] Compound 890 from Step A above was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, Steps A-D, to get Compounds 891 and 892.  
                 
 
     [1986] 891 was separated into the respective enantiomers 891 a and 891 b, using a Chiral AD Prep HPLC Column as described in Example 507 
                 
 
     [1987] The 6-bromo substituted Compound 892 was separated into the enantiomers 892a and 892b using a Chiral AD Prep HPLC Column as described in Example 507.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 76 
     [1988]                   
     [1989] Reacted 891 a with the product of Preparative Example 73 using essentially the same procedure in Example 510 to obtain 893.  
                 
 
     [1990] Chromatograph 893 by chiral HPLC using a Chiralcel OD column and eluting with IPA (20%) and hexanes (80%) with 0.2% DEA to obtain 893a (i.e., isomer 1), and 893b (i.e., isomer 2).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 77 
     [1991]                   
     [1992] Reacted 891 b with the product of Preparative Example 73 using essentially the same procedure in Example 510 to obtain 893.  
                 
 
     [1993] Chromatograph 894 by chiral HPLC using a Chiralcel OD column and eluting with IPA (20%) and hexanes (80%) with 0.2% DEA to obtain 894a (i.e., isomer 1), and 894b (i.e., isomer 2).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 78 
     [1994]                   
     [1995] Reacted 892a with the product of Preparative Example 73 using essentially the same procedure in Example 510 to obtain 895.  
                 
 
     [1996] Chromatograph Compound 895 by chiral HPLC using a Chiralcel OD column and eluting with IPA (20%) and hexanes (80%) with 0.2% DEA to obtain 895a (i.e., isomer 1), and 895b (i.e., isomer 2).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 79 
     [1997]                   
     [1998] Reacted 892b with the product of Preparative Example 73 using essentially the same procedure in Example 510 to obtain 896.  
                 
 
     [1999] Chromatograph 896 by chiral HPLC using a Chiralcel OD column and eluting with IPA (20%) and hexanes (80%) with 0.2% DEA to obtain 896a (i.e., isomer 1), and 896b (i.e., isomer 2).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 80 
     [2000]                                     
     [2001] Compound 893a, and 893b, are converted to 897a, and 897b, by reacting them with CH 2 Cl 2 /TFA at room temperature under N 2 , for 2 hours. Concentrated under vacuum. Dissolve residue in CH 2 Cl 2 , and wash with 1.0 NaOH. Dry over MgSO 4 , filter and concentrate to give 897a (i.e., isomer 1) and 897b (i.e., isomer 2).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 81 
     [2002]                                     
     [2003] Following essentially the same procedure as in Preparative Example 80, Compounds 894a and 894b were individually reacted with TFA/CH 2 CL 2  at room temperature under N 2 , for 2 hours, to get compounds 898a (i.e., isomer 1) and 898b (i.e., isomer 2).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 82 
     [2004]                   
     [2005] Using essentially the same procedure as in Preparative Example 80, 895a and 895b were individually reacted with TFA/CH 2 CL 2  at room temperature under N 2 , for 2 hours, to get compounds: 899a (i.e., isomer 1) and 899b (i.e., isomer 899b).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 83 
     [2006]                   
     [2007] Using essentially the same procedure as in Preparative Example 80, 896a and 896b were individually reacted with TFA/CH 2 CL 2  at room temperature under N 2 , for 2 hours, to get compounds: 900a (i.e., isomer 1) and 900b (i.e., isomer 2).  
     EXAMPLES 615-639  
     [2008] If one were to dissolve each isomer, 897A and 897B, in CH 2 Cl 2 , treat with the corresponding isocyanates, stir at room temperature overnight, and purify the crude product directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel chromatography, then compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2009] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 63, and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 63                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          615                                             616                                             617                                             618                                             619                                             620                                             621                                             622                                             623                                             624                                             625                                             626                                             627                                             628                                             629                                             630                                             631                                             632                                             633                                             634                                             635                                             636                                             637                                             638                                             639                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 640-664  
     [2010] If one were to disssolve each isomer, 898a and 898b, in CH 2 Cl 2 , treat with the corresponding isocyanates, stir at room temperature overnight, and purify the crude product directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel chromatography then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2011] wherein R is defined in Table 64 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 64                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          640                                             641                                             642                                             643                                             644                                             645                                             646                                             647                                             648                                             649                                             650                                             651                                             652                                             653                                             654                                             655                                             656                                             657                                             658                                             659                                             660                                             661                                             662                                             663                                             664                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 665-689  
     [2012] If one were to dissolve each isomer, 899a and 899b, in CH 2 Cl 2 , treat with the corresponding isocyanates, stir at room temperature overnight and purify the crude product directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel chromatography one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2013] wherein R is defined in Table 65 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 65                                   Example   R                                          665                                             666                                             667                                             668                                             669                                             670                                             671                                             672                                             673                                             674                                             675                                             676                                             677                                             678                                             679                                             680                                             681                                             682                                             683                                             684                                             685                                             686                                             687                                             688                                             689                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 690-714  
     [2014] If one were to dissolve each isomer, 900a and 900b, in CH 2 Cl 2 , treat with the corresponding isocyanates, stir at room temperature overnight, and purify the crude product directly by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography or silica gel chromatography one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2015] wherein R is defined in Table 66 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 66                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and isomer 2                                          690                                             691                                             692                                             693                                             694                                             695                                             696                                             697                                             698                                             699                                             700                                             701                                             702                                             703                                             704                                             705                                             706                                             707                                             708                                             709                                             710                                             711                                             712                                             713                                             714                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 715-732  
     [2016] If one were to react each isomer, 897a and 897b following essentially the same procedure as in Examples 590-603 (see Preparative Example 74 for preparation of chloroformates), then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2017] wherein R is defined in Table 67 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 67                                       R           Examples   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          715                                             716                                             717                                             718                                             719                                             720                                             721                                             722                                             723                                             724                                             725                                             726                                             727                                             728                                             729                                             730                                             731                                             732                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 733-750  
     [2018] If one were to react each isomer, 898a and 898b following essentially the same procedure as in Examples 590-603 (see Preparative Example 74 for preparation of chloroformates), then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2019] and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent  
                           TABLE 68                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          733                                             734                                             735                                             736                                             737                                             738                                             739                                             740                                             741                                             742                                             743                                             744                                             745                                             746                                             747                                             748                                             749                                             750                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 751-768  
     [2020] If one were to react each isomer, 899a and 899b following essentially the same procedure as in Examples 590-603 (see Preparative Example 74 for preparation of chloroformates), then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2021] wherein R is defined in Table 69 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 69                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          751                                             752                                             753                                             754                                             755                                             756                                             757                                             758                                             759                                             760                                             761                                             762                                             763                                             764                                             765                                             766                                             767                                             768                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 769-786  
     [2022] If one were to react each isomer, 900a and 900b following essentially the same procedure as in Examples 590-603 (see Preparative Example 74 for preparation of chloroformates), then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2023] where R is defined in Table 70 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 70                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          769                                             770                                             771                                             772                                             773                                             774                                             775                                             776                                             777                                             778                                             779                                             780                                             781                                             782                                             783                                             784                                             785                                             786                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 787-814  
     [2024] If one were to use 897a and 897b and follow essentially the same procedure as in Example 536 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2025] where R is defined in Table 71 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 71                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          787                                             788                                             789                                             790                                             791                                             792                                             793                                             794                                             795                                             796                                             797                                             798                                             799                                             800                                             801                                             802                                             803                                             804                                             805                                             806                                             807                                             808                                             809                                             810                                             811                                             812                                             813                                             814                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 815-842  
     [2026] If one were to use 898a and 898b and follow essentially the same procedure as in Example 536 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2027] wherein R is defined in Table 72 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 72                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          815                                             816                                             817                                             818                                             819                                             820                                             821                                             822                                             823                                             824                                             825                                             826                                             827                                             828                                             829                                             830                                             831                                             832                                             833                                             834                                             835                                             836                                             837                                             838                                             839                                             840                                             841                                             842                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 843-870  
     [2028] If one were to use 899a and 899b and follow essentially the same procedure as in Example 536 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2029] wherein R is defined in Table 73 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 73                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          843                                             844                                             845                                             846                                             847                                             848                                             849                                             850                                             851                                             852                                             853                                             854                                             855                                             856                                             857                                             858                                             859                                             860                                             861                                             862                                             863                                             864                                             865                                             866                                             867                                             868                                             869                                             870                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 871-898  
     [2030] If one were to use 900a and 900b and follow essentially the same procedure as in Example 536 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2031] wherein R is defined in Table 74 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 74                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          871                                             872                                             873                                             874                                             875                                             876                                             877                                             878                                             879                                             880                                             881                                             882                                             883                                             884                                             885                                             886                                             887                                             888                                             889                                             890                                             891                                             892                                             893                                             894                                             895                                             896                                             897                                             898                                            
 
     EXAMPLE 899-922  
     [2032] If one were to use 897a and 897b and follow essentially the same procedure as in Examples 566-567 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2033] wherein R is defined in Table 75 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 75                                       R           Examples   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          899                                             900                                             901                                             902                                             903                                             904                                             905                                             906                                             907                                             908                                             909                                             910                                             911                                             912                                             913                                             914                                             915                                             916                                             917                                             918                                             919                                             920                                             921                                             922                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 923-946  
     [2034] If one were to use 898a and 898b and follow essentially the same procedure as in Examples 566-567 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2035] wherein R is defined in Table 76 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 76                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          923                                             924                                             925                                             926                                             927                                             928                                             929                                             930                                             931                                             932                                             933                                             934                                             935                                             936                                             937                                             938                                             939                                             940                                             941                                             942                                             943                                             944                                             945                                             946                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 947-970  
     [2036] If one were to use 899A and 899b and follow essentially the same procedure as in Examples 566-567 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2037] wherein R is defined in Table 77 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 77                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          947                                             948                                             949                                             950                                             951                                             952                                             953                                             954                                             955                                             956                                             957                                             958                                             959                                             960                                             961                                             962                                             963                                             964                                             965                                             966                                             967                                             968                                             969                                             970                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 971-995  
     [2038] If one were to use 900a and 900b and follow essentially the same procedure as in Examples 566-567 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2039] wherein R is defined in Table 78 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 78                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          971                                             972                                             973                                             974                                             975                                             976                                             977                                             978                                             979                                             980                                             981                                             982                                             983                                             984                                             985                                             986                                             987                                             989                                             990                                             991                                             992                                             993                                             994                                             995                                            
 
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 84 
     [2040]                   
     [2041] Starting material 901 (25 g, 78 mmol) was combined with DBU (15.7 ML, 105.3 mmol, 1.35 eq.); Ph 3 P (9.44 g 0.39 mmol, 0.5 eq.); PdCl 2 (1.38 g, 7.8 mmol, 0.1 eq.); MeOH (50 ML)/Toluene (200 ML) in a flask and reacted in a Parr Shaker under CO, 100 psi at 80° C. When completed, the reaction was treated with H 2 O and extracted with Ethyl Acetate. Dried over MgSO 4  and evaporated to get a black syrup. (71 g) Column chromatography (silica gel) and eluting with Hexanes, then 20%Ethyl Acetate/Hexanes to 40% E/H to give producct 902, (39 g).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 85 
     [2042]                   
     [2043] Dissolve (Bu) 4 NNO 3  (21.15 g) in CH 2 Cl 2  (220 ML) and cool in an ice bath under N 2  and dripped in TFAA (9.8 ML) and stir for 15 minutes. The resulting yellow solution is added slowly to a solution of starting material 902, (18.97 g) in CH 2 Cl 2 (200 ML) while cooling in an ice bath (0° C.). Stir at 0° C. for 15-20 minutes, then allowed to war to room temperature for 3 hours. Reaction was treated with saturated NaHCO 3  and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . Isolated the organic layer and dried over MgSO 4 , evaporated to dryness t give product as a syrup. Crude was chromatograph (twice) on SiO 2  using Hexanes, then eluting with 20% &amp; 40% Ehyl Acetate/Hexanes). 30-40% yield of product 903 (7.89 g).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 86 
     [2044]                   
     [2045] Ra-Ni ((50%in H 2 O), 50 g), is washed with ETOH (5×, then decanted), the washed with MeOH (3×), then added to starting material 903 (7.89 g) in MeOH (80 ML), the resulting mixture is stirred under H 2  (balloom) overnight. Reaction is monitored by TLC. Added more RaNi (25 g, washed 5× with ETOH, then 3× w/MeOH). When completed reaction is filtered, the insoluble dark solid is washed with CH 2 CL 2 /MeOH until the color of the washings became light, combined filtration and evaporated to dryness to get a brown solid 904 (3.88 g of product).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 87 
     [2046]                   
     [2047] Suspend starting material 904 (0.5 g) in CH 3 CN (20 ML), add CuBr (0.42 g) and cool in an ice bath under N 2 . Add t-BuONO (0.28 g) and allow to stir and warm to room temperature. After 2 hours stir at 75° C., stir ˜2 hours. After reaction is complete, add reaction to 1N HCL and stir. Then add Conc. NH 4 OH until blue (basic). Extract with CH 2 Cl 2 , isolate the organic layer, dried over MgSO 4 , filter and concentrated to give product 905.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 88 
     [2048]                   
     [2049] Starting material 905 (3 g, 7.92 mmol) is stirred in MeOH (100 ML) at 0° C. in an ice/H 2 O bath, then NaBH 4  is added to the cold solution in portions. Stir at 0° C. for 1 hour, then at room temperature for 1 hour. Add (20 ML) of 1.0 N HCL, stir for 10 minutes, basified with saturated NaHCO 3 , added to brine, extract with Ethyl Acetate, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to give 3.6 g of compound 906.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 89 
     [2050]                   
     [2051] SOCl 2  (2.1 ML) was added to the solution of 906 (3.5 g) in CH 2 Cl 2  (50 ML), stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. Additional (1.0 ML) of SOCl 2  was added, stirred for 2 hours, then overnight. Monitored reaction progress by TLC. Reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and dried under vacuum to give 3.6 g of crude product 907.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 90 
     [2052]                   
     [2053] Boc-Piperazine (2.2 g, 2.5 eq.) was added to a mixture of starting material 907 (1.78 g, 4.68 mmol) and TEA (1.9 ML, 3 eq) was stirred in CH 3 CN (100 ML), under N 2 , heat to 80° C. for 5 hours. TLC then stirred at 80° C. over the weekend. Reaction is treated with 1.0N HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate, wash with brine followed by 1.0N NaOH, dried over MgSO 4 . Filter and evaporated reaction to dryness to give crude 908 (62% yield).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 91 
     [2054]                   
     [2055] 12 ML of a 10% LiOH solution (−4M) was added to a solution of starting material 908 (1.6 g) in MEOH (50 ML) and reaction was stirred at 60° C. A solid precipitated out. Mixture is stirred overnight. Reaction became a clear-yellow solution. Reaction was treated with 10% K 2 HPO 4 , and extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 , and evaporated to dryness to give 1.5 g of compound 909.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 92 
     [2056]                   
     [2057] Combined starting materials 909 (1.5 g, ˜7.8 mmol); NHCH 3 OCH 3 .HCl; NMM; HOBT; &amp; DMAP in CH 2 Cl 2  (20 ML) and stirred for 10 minutes, then EDC (0.64 g, 1.2 eq.) was added and stirred overnight at room temperature. Reaction was treated with 1N HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine followed by 1N NaOH. dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated the filtrate to dryness to give 1.45 g) crude compound 910.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 93 
     [2058]                   
     [2059] A 3M solution of CH 3 MgBr/Ether (3.8 ML, 4.5 eq) was added dropwise to a solution of 910 (1.45 g, 2.5 mmol) in THF (50 ML), a dark brown solution resulted. Reaction was stirred under N 2  at room temperature for 2 hours. Reaction was then treated with a saturated NH 4 Cl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. Washed with brine and dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to get a yellow solid compound, which after column chromatography gave 1.33 g of compound 911 as a racemic mixture.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 94 
     [2060]                   
     [2061] Starting material 911 (0.90 g) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (35 ML) and TFA (35 ML) and stirred at room temperature overnight. Washed with 1.0 N NaOH, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated to dryness to give compound 912.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 95 
     [2062]                   
     [2063] 912 was separated into its enantiomers by Chiral Prep HPLC using a Chiral AD Column and eluting with 10% IPA/90% Hexanes+0.2% DEA to give compounds 912a and 912b.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 96 
     [2064]                   
     [2065] Starting material 912a (0.284 g 0.656 mmol) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (5 ML), TEA (1.83 ML, 2.0 eq.) and (BOC) 2 O (0.215 g, 1.5 eq), and stirred at room temperature overnight. Reaction was evaporated and crude was purified by column chromatography using 10% &amp; 25 Ethyl Acetate/Hexanes to give 0.3 g of compound 913a.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 97 
     [2066]                   
     [2067] Starting material 9121 b (0.254 g 0.587 mmol) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (5 ML), TEA (1.64 ML, 2.0 eq.) and (BOC) 2 O (0.192 g, 1.5 eq), and stirred at room temperature overnight. Reaction was evaporated and crude was purified by column chromatography using 10% &amp; 25 Ethyl Acetate/Hexanes to give 0.255 g of compound 913b.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 98 
     [2068]                   
     [2069] Suspended commercially available (from Acros) 915 (30 g, 68.8 mmol) in dry THF (600 ml) under dry N 2 . Stirred at room temperature under N 2  until it formed a clear solution. Added CH 31  (50 ml, 114 g, 803.2 mmol) at room temperature, dropwise, under dry N 2 . Stirred the suspension at room temperature under N 2  for 4 days, followed by TLC-(10% MeOH-2M NH 3 /CH 2 Cl 2 ). Filtered the suspension, washed solid with dry THF. Dried the solid under house Vacuum at 40° C. to give 31.11 gof a brown solid, compound 916.  
                 
 
     [2070] Suspended 916 (31.1 g, 53.79 mmol) in 200 ML of 50%HOAC/H 2 O and heat under reflux overnight. Follow by TLC. When completed, allowed to cool to room temperature, filtered the resulting suspension. Washed with 50%HOAC/H 2 O. Evaporated to dryness. Suspended the solid in CH 2 Cl 2 . Basified to pH 10-11 with 1N NaOH. Separated CH 2 Cl 2  layer and extracted the aqueous phase 3× with CH 2 CL 2 . Combined organic layers and washed with Saturated NaCl solution. Dried over MgSO 4 , evaporated to dryness to give 914 (8.68 g of an off-white solid).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 99 
     [2071]                   
     [2072] EtMgBr (3Molar in Et 2 O) solution (2.89 mmol, 963 uL, 5.5 eq.) was dripped into a solution of 914 (0.656 g, 3.15 mmol, 6 eq.) in ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl (6 ML) for 30 minutes. To the white suspended mixture, 913a (0.280 g, 0.525 mmol) was then added and stirred at 60° C. for 3 hours. Reaction was treated with saturated NH 4 Cl at 0° C. by pouring the reaction into the cold NH 4 Cl. Extracted with Ethyl Acetate, dried over MgSO 4  and evaporated to dryness. Column Chromatography (SiO 2 ) eluted with 1%, 2% &amp; 3% MEOH/CH 2 Cl 2  gave 0.054 g of compound 917.  
                 
 
     [2073] 917 was separated by HPLC using a Chiral OD Column and eluting with 20%IPA/Hexanes to give 917a (isomer 1) and 917b (isomer 2).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 100 
     [2074]                   
     [2075] EtMgBr (3Molar in Et 2 O) solution (791 uL), was dripped into a solution of 914 (0.518 g, 3.15 mmol, 6 eq.) in ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl (6 ML), for 30 minutes. To the white suspended mixture, 913b (0.280 g, 0.525 mmol) was then added and stirred at 60° C. for 3 hours. Reaction was treated with saturated NH 4 Cl at 0° C. by pouring the reaction into the cold NH 4 Cl. Extracted with Ethyl Acetate, dried over MgSO 4  and evaporated to dryness. Column Chromatography (SiO 2 ), eluted with 1%, 2% &amp; 3% MEOH/CH 2 Cl 2  gave 0.054 g of compound 918.  
                 
 
     [2076] 918 was separated by HPLC using a Chiral OD Column and eluting with 20%IPA/Hexanes to give Isomers 918a  1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 , TMS) δ 1.419 (s, 9H), 1.457 (s, 1H), 1.894 (s, 3H), 2.05-1.87 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.15 (m, 2H), 3.214 (broad, 1H), 3.540 (s, 1H), 3.738 (s, 1H), 3.760 (s, 1H), 3.888 (s, 3H), 4.540 (s, 1H), 6.479 (s, 1H), 7.128 (s, 1H), 7.260 (d, 1H), 7.340 (s, 2H), 7.627 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.221 (s, 1H), 8.486 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H). (21) Mp=188-190° C., and 918b.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 101 
     [2077]                   
     [2078] Compound 917a was converted to 919a by reacting with CH 2 Cl 2 /TFA at room temperature under N 2 , for 2 hours. Reaction was then concentrated, and the residue taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , and washed with 1.0 NaOH. Isolated organics are dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to give compound 919a.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 102 
     [2079]                   
     [2080] Compound Carmen 917b was converted to 919b by reacting with CH 2 Cl 2 /TFA at room temperature under N 2 , for 2 hours. Reaction was then concentrated, and the residue taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , and washed with 1.0 NaOH. Isolated organics are dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to give compound 919b.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 103 
     [2081]                   
     [2082] Compound 918a, was converted to 920a, by reacting with CH 2 Cl 2 /TFA at room temperature under N 2 , for 2 hours. Reaction was then concentrated, and the residue taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , and washed with 1.0 NaOH. Isolated organics are dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to give compounds 920a.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 104 
     [2083]                   
     [2084] Compound 918b was converted to 920b by reacting with CH 2 Cl 2 /TFA at room temperature under N 2 , for 2 hours. Reaction was then concentrated, and the residue taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 , and washed with 1.0 NaOH. Isolated organics are dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to give compound 920b.  
     EXAMPLES 996-1020  
     [2085] If one were to use isomers 919a and 919b in a procedure essentially the same as that in Examples 690-714 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2086] wherein R is defined in Table 79 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 79                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                                                    996                                             997                                             998                                             999                                             1000                                             1001                                             1002                                             1003                                             1004                                             1005                                             1006                                             1007                                             1008                                             1009                                             1010                                             1011                                             1012                                             1013                                             1014                                             1015                                             1016                                             1017                                             1018                                             1019                                             1020                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1021-1045  
     [2087] If one were to use isomers 919a and 919b in a procedure essentially the same as that in Examples 690-714 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2088] wherein R is defined in Table 80 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 80                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1021                                             1022                                             1023                                             1024                                             1025                                             1026                                             1027                                             1028                                             1029                                             1030                                             1031                                             1032                                             1033                                             1034                                             1035                                             1036                                             1037                                             1038                                             1039                                             1040                                             1041                                             1042                                             1043                                             1044                                             1045                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1046-1073  
     [2089] If one were to use isomers 919a and 919b in a procedure essentially the same as that in Example 536 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2090] wherein R is defined in Table 81 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 81                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1046                                             1047                                             1048                                             1049                                             1050                                             1051                                             1052                                             1053                                             1054                                             1055                                             1056                                             1057                                             1058                                             1059                                             1060                                             1061                                             1062                                             1063                                             1064                                             1065                                             1066                                             1067                                             1068                                             1069                                             1070                                             1071                                             1072                                             1073                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1074-1102  
     [2091] If one were to use isomers 920a and 920b in a procedure essentially the same as that in Example 536 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2092] wherein R is defined in Table 82 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 82                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1075                                             1076                                             1077                                             1078                                             1079                                             1080                                             1081                                             1082                                             1083                                             1084                                             1085                                             1086                                             1087                                             1088                                             1089                                             1090                                             1091                                             1092                                             1093                                             1094                                             1095                                             1096                                             1097                                             1098                                             1099                                             1100                                             1101                                             1102                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1103-1121  
     [2093] If one were to use isomers 919a and 919b in a procedure essentially the same as that in Examples 590-603 (wherein the chloroformates would be prepared according to Preparative Example 74) then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2094] wherein R is defined in Table 83 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 83                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1103                                             1104                                             1105                                             1106                                             1107                                             1108                                             1109                                             1110                                             1111                                             1112                                             1113                                             1114                                             1115                                             1116                                             1117                                             1118                                             1119                                             1120                                             1121                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1122-1139  
     [2095] If one were to use isomers 920a and 920b in a procedure essentially the same as that in Examples 590-603 (wherein the chloroformates would be prepared according to Preparative Example 74) then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2096] and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent  
                           TABLE 84                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomere2                                          1122                                             1123                                             1124                                             1125                                             1126                                             1127                                             1128                                             1129                                             1130                                             1131                                             1132                                             1133                                             1134                                             1135                                             1136                                             1137                                             1138                                             1139                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1140-1163  
     [2097] If one were to use isomers 919a and 919b in a procedure essentially the same as that in Examples 566-567 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2098] wherein R is defined in Table 85 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 85                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1140                                             1141                                             1142                                             1143                                             1144                                             1145                                             1146                                             1147                                             1148                                             1149                                             1150                                             1151                                             1152                                             1153                                             1154                                             1155                                             1156                                             1157                                             1158                                             1159                                             1160                                             1161                                             1162                                             1163                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1164-1187  
     [2099] If one were to use isomers 920a and 920b in a procedure essentially the same as that in Examples 566-567 then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2100] wherein R is defined in Table 86 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 86                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1164                                             1165                                             1166                                             1167                                             1168                                             1169                                             1170                                             1171                                             1172                                             1173                                             1174                                             1175                                             1176                                             1177                                             1178                                             1179                                             1180                                             1181                                             1182                                             1183                                             1184                                             1185                                             1186                                             1187                                            
 
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 105 
     [2101]                   
     [2102] Compound 921 was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, Steps A-D to get compound 922.  
                 
 
     [2103] In essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 42, Step A, using 922 as the starting material, compound 923 is prepared.  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 106 
     [2104]                   
     [2105] Compound 923 from Preparative Example 105 Step B was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Examples 91-104 to get 924a (i.e., isomer 1) and 924b (i.e., isomer 2).  
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 107 
     [2106]                   
     [2107] Compound 923 from Preparative Example 105 Step B was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Examples 91-104 to get 925a (i.e., isomer 1) and 925b (i.e., isomer 2).  
     EXAMPLES 1188-1212  
     [2108] If one were to follow essential the same procedure as in Examples 690-714 using 924a and 924b then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2109] wherein R is defined in Table 87 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 87                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1188                                             1189                                             1190                                             1191                                             1192                                             1193                                             1194                                             1195                                             1196                                             1197                                             1198                                             1199                                             1200                                             1201                                             1202                                             1203                                             1204                                             1205                                             1206                                             1207                                             1208                                             1209                                             1210                                             1211                                             1212                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1213-1238  
     [2110] If one were to follow essential the same procedure as in Examples 690-714 using 925a and 925b then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2111] wherein R is defined in Table 88 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 88                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1213                                             1214                                             1215                                             1216                                             1217                                             1218                                             1219                                             1220                                             1221                                             1223                                             1224                                             1225                                             1226                                             1227                                             1228                                             1229                                             1230                                             1231                                             1232                                             1233                                             1234                                             1235                                             1236                                             1237                                             1238                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1239-1266  
     [2112] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as in Example 536 using 924a and 924b then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2113] wherein R is defined in Table 89 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 89                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1239                                             1240                                             1241                                             1242                                             1243                                             1244                                             1245                                             1246                                             1247                                             1248                                             1249                                             1250                                             1251                                             1252                                             1253                                             1254                                             1255                                             1256                                             1257                                             1258                                             1259                                             1260                                             1261                                             1262                                             1263                                             1264                                             1265                                             1266                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1267-1294  
     [2114] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as in Example 536 using 925a and 925b then one would obtain compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2115] wherein R is defined in Table 90 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 90                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1267                                             1268                                             1269                                             1270                                             1271                                             1272                                             1273                                             1274                                             1275                                             1276                                             1277                                             1278                                             1279                                             1280                                             1281                                             1282                                             1283                                             1284                                             1285                                             1286                                             1287                                             1288                                             1289                                             1290                                             1291                                             1292                                             1293                                             1294                                            
 
     EXAMPLE 1295  
     [2116] Following essentially the same procedure as Examples 590-603 (wherein the chloroformates are prepared following the procedure in Preparative Example 74) using 924a and 924b compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2117] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 91 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 91                                           Example   R   Isomer 1   Isomer 2                                                                    1295                           1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 3, TMS)δ 1.417 (s, 9H), 1.454 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 1.857 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.05 (m, 4H), 3.205 (broad, 1H), 3.432 (s, 1H), 3.612 (s, 1H), 3.731 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.853 (s, 3H), 4.575 (s, 1H), 6.538 (s, 1H), 7.086 (s, 1H), 7.114 (s, 1H), 7.262 (d, 2H), 7.540 (s, 1H), 8.530 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.876 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H).   mp =184-185° C.                  
 
     EXAMPLES 1296-1313  
     [2118] If one were to Follow essentially the same procedure as Examples 590-603 (wherein the chloroformates would be prepared following the procedure in Preparative Example 74) using 924a and 924b compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2119] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 92 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                   TABLE 92                           R       Example   Isomer I and Isomer 2                                                    1296                                     1297                                     1298                                     1299                                     1300                                     1301                                     1302                                     1303                                     1304                                     1305                                     1306                                     1307                                     1308                                     1309                                     1310                                     1311                                     1312                                     1313                                        
 
     EXAMPLE 1314  
     [2120] Following essentially the same procedure as Examples 590-603 (wherein the chloroformates are prepared following the procedure in Preparative Example 74) using 924a and 924b compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2121] were prepared wherein R is defined in Table 93 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 93                       Example   R   Isomer I   Isomer 2                                      1314                           1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 , TMS) δ 1.418 (s, 9H), 1.456 (s, 1H), 1.859 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.05 (m, 4H), 3.205 (broad, 1H), 3.612 (s, 1H), 3.692 (s, 1H), 3.740 (s, 1H), 3.854 (s, 3H), 4.576 (s, 1H), 6.541 (s, 1H), 7.090 (s, 1H), 7.116 (s, 1H), 7.262 (d, 2H), 7.548 (s, 1H), 8.530 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.864 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H)   mp =183-184° C.                  
 
     EXAMPLES 1315-1332  
     [2122] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as Examples 590-603 (wherein the chloroformates would be prepared following the procedure in Preparative Example 74) using 924a and 924b compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2123] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 94 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                   TABLE 94                           R       Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                                    1315                                     1316                                     1317                                     1318                                     1319                                     1320                                     1321                                     1322                                     1323                                     1324                                     1325                                     1326                                     1327                                     1328                                     1329                                     1330                                     1331                                     1332                                        
 
     EXAMPLES 1333-1356  
     [2124] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as Examples 566-567 using 924a and 924b compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2125] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 95 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                   TABLE 95                           R       Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                              1333                                     1334                                     1335                                     1336                                     1337                                     1338                                     1339                                     1340                                     1341                                     1342                                     1343                                     1344                                     1345                                     1346                                     1347                                     1348                                     1349                                     1350                                     1351                                     1352                                     1353                                     1354                                     1355                                     1356                                        
 
     EXAMPLES 1357-1380  
     [2126] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as Examples 566-567 using 925a and 925b compounds of the formula:  
                 
 
     [2127] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 96 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                   TABLE 96                           R       Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                                    1357                                     1358                                     1359                                     1360                                     1361                                     1362                                     1363                                     1364                                     1365                                     1366                                     1367                                     1368                                     1369                                     1370                                     1371                                     1372                                     1373                                     1374                                     1375                                     1376                                     1377                                     1378                                     1379                                     1380                                        
 
     PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 108 
     [2128]                   
     [2129] In essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 23, Steps A-D, use compound 234a (from Step B) to prepare 926.  
                 
 
     [2130] In essentially the same manner as in Preparative Example 42, Step A, use 926 to prepare 927.  
                 
 
     [2131] Compound 927 from Step B was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Examples 91-104 to get compounds 928a and 928b.  
                 
 
     [2132] Compound 927 from Step B was reacted in essentially the same manner as in Preparative Examples 91-104 to get compounds 929a and 929b.  
     EXAMPLES 1381-1405  
     [2133] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as in Examples 690-714 using 928a and 928b compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [2134] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 97 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                   TABLE 97                           R       Example   Isomer 1 and isomer 2                                                    1381                                     1382                                     1383                                     1384                                     1385                                     1386                                     1387                                     1388                                     1389                                     1390                                     1391                                     1392                                     1393                                     1394                                     1395                                     1396                                     1397                                     1398                                     1399                                     1400                                     1401                                     1402                                     1403                                     1404                                     1405                                        
 
     EXAMPLES 1406-1431  
     [2135] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as in Examples 690-714 using 929a and 929b compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [2136] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 98 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                   TABLE 98                           R       Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                                    1406                                     1407                                     1408                                     1409                                     1411                                     1412                                     1413                                     1414                                     1415                                     1416                                     1417                                     1418                                     1419                                     1420                                     1421                                     1422                                     1423                                     1424                                     1425                                     1426                                     1427                                     1428                                     1429                                     1430                                     1431                                        
 
     EXAMPLES 1432-1459  
     [2137] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as in Example 536 using 928a and 928b compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [2138] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 99 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                   TABLE 99                           R       Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                                    1432                                     1433                                     1434                                     1435                                     1436                                     1437                                     1438                                     1439                                     1440                                     1441                                     1442                                     1443                                     1444                                     1445                                     1446                                     1447                                     1448                                     1449                                     1450                                     1451                                     1452                                     1453                                     1454                                     1455                                     1456                                     1457                                     1458                                     1459                                        
 
     EXAMPLES 1460-1487  
     [2139] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as in Example 536 using 929a and 929b compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [2140] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 100 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 100                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1460                                             1461                                             1462                                             1463                                             1464                                             1465                                             1466                                             1467                                             1468                                             1469                                             1470                                             1471                                             1472                                             1473                                             1474                                             1475                                             1476                                             1477                                             1478                                             1479                                             1480                                             1481                                             1482                                             1483                                             1484                                             1485                                             1486                                             1487                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1488-1505  
     [2141] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as in Examples 590-603 using 928a and 928b (wherein the chloroformates could be prepared following essentially the same procedure as in Preparative Example 74) compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [2142] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 101 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 101                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1488                                             1489                                             1490                                             1491                                             1492                                             1493                                             1494                                             1495                                             1496                                             1497                                             1498                                             1499                                             1500                                             1501                                             1502                                             1503                                             1504                                             1505                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1506-1524  
     [2143] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as in Examples 590-603 using 929a and 929b (wherein the chloroformates could be prepared following essentially the same procedure as in Preparative Example 74) compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [2144] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 102 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 102                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1506                                             1507                                             1508                                             1509                                             1510                                             1511                                             1512                                             1513                                             1514                                             1515                                             1516                                             1517                                             1518                                             1519                                             1520                                             1521                                             1522                                             1523                                             1524                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1525-1548  
     [2145] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as in Examples 566-567 using 928a and 928b compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [2146] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 103 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 103                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1525                                             1526                                             1527                                             1528                                             1529                                             1530                                             1531                                             1532                                             1533                                             1534                                             1535                                             1536                                             1537                                             1538                                             1539                                             1540                                             1541                                             1542                                             1543                                             1544                                             1545                                             1546                                             1547                                             1548                                            
 
     EXAMPLES 1549-1572  
     [2147] If one were to follow essentially the same procedure as in Examples 566-567 using 929a and 929b compounds of the formulas:  
                 
 
     [2148] would be obtained wherein R is defined in Table 104 and the numbers 1 and 2 in the formulas represent isomers 1 and 2, respectively.  
                           TABLE 104                                       R           Example   Isomer 1 and Isomer 2                                          1549                                             1550                                             1551                                             1552                                             1553                                             1554                                             1555                                             1556                                             1557                                             1558                                             1559                                             1560                                             1561                                             1562                                             1563                                             1564                                             1565                                             1566                                             1567                                             1568                                             1569                                             1570                                             1571                                             1572                                            
 
     EXAMPLE 1573 
     [2149]                   
     [2150] React 882, from Preparative Example 73 Step B, with ethylmagnesium bromide following the procedure described in Preparative Example 73 Step C.  
                 
 
     [2151] React 365a with 931 (from Step A) following essentially the same procedure as in Preparative Example 73, Step D, to give the 930 as a white solid, mp=163-165° C.  
     EXAMPLE 1574 
     [2152]                   
     [2153] Dissolve 880 (1.4 g, 10 mol), CF 3 TMS (1.46 g, 10.25 mol), and CsF (15.2 mg, 0.1 mmol) in 15 ml THF. Stir at room temperature overnight, then concentrate under vacuum. Flash chromatograph the residue on silica gel using 0.5%-1% methanol in methylene chloride to obtain 933.  
                 
 
     [2154] React 365a with the 933 (from Step A) following essentially the same procedure as in Preparative Example 73, Step D, to give 932, mp=189.9-190.1° C.  
     EXAMPLE 1575 
     [2155]                   
     [2156] React 372 (Example 167) (0.06 g, 0.097 mmol) with 5 equivalents (0.019 g, 0.48 mmol) of NaH (60% in oil) in 2 ml of dry THF at 0° C. for 5 min. Add 0.027 g (0.11 mmol) of 4-(bromomethyl) pyridine. Raise temperature to 60-65° C. and continue to add NaH and 4-(bromomethyl) pyridine until reaction is complete by TLC (5% CH 3 OH in CH 2 Cl 2  containing NH 4 OH. Partition between ethyl acetate and brine. Dry organic layer over Na 2 SO 4 , concentrate and chromatograph on silica gel, eluting with 1%-4% CH 3 OH in CH 2 Cl 2  containing NH 4 OH, to give 934 as a light yellow solid.  
     EXAMPLE 1576  
     [2157] Following essentially the same procedure as in Example 1575, compound 372 was reacted with 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine.HBr to afford compound 935 identified in Table 105 below.  
     EXAMPLE 1577  
     [2158] Following essentially the same procedure as in Example 1575, compound 372 was reacted with 3-(bromomethyl)pyridine.HBr to afford compound 936 identified in Table 105 below.  
     EXAMPLE 1578  
     [2159] Following essentially the same procedure as in Example 1575, compound 372 was reacted with benzyl bromide to afford compound 937 identified in Table 105 below.  
     EXAMPLE 1579  
     [2160] Following essentially the same procedure as in Example 1575, compound 372 was reacted with CH 31  to afford compound 938 identified in Table 105 below.  
               TABLE 105                                                                                          Example   R =   Compound   PHYS. DATA                                   1575                         934   MH +  = 641               1576                         935   MH +  = 641               1577                         936   MH +  = 641               1578                         937   MH +  = 640               1579                         938   MH +  = 564                  
 
     EXAMPLE 1580 
     [2161]                                     
     [2162] To a 125 ml flask, was added 4-hydroxymethyl piperidine (940) (1 g, 8.68 mmol) and 20 ml of MeOH, cool to 0° C., then added Boc-anhydride (2.84 g, 13.02 mmol, 1.5 eq.), and adjust to pH 8.5-9.5 over 1 hour with 13 ml, 13.0 mmol, 1.5 eq. of 1.0 N NaOH. Reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. TLC with 20% EtoAc/CH 2 Cl 2 . Removed most MeOH via evaporation. Added CH 2 Cl 2  and washed with H 2 O, brine and filtered through Na 2 SO 4 . The solvent was evaporated to give 1.82 g of a clear oil. Oily product crystallized upon standing to give a white solid product 941.  
                 
 
     [2163] 941 (0.3 g, 1.395 mmol) was transferred into a flask and dissolved in anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2 . Cool to 0° C. Added 129 ul, 1.67 mmol, 1.2 eq., of methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine (129 ul, 2.09 mmol, 1.5 eq.). Allowed to warm to room temperature while stirring for 1 hour. TLC with 20% EtoAc/CH 2 Cl 2 . Added saturated NaHCO 3 , and stir 3-4 minutes, separated the CH 2 Cl 2  layer, washed with H 2 O, brine and filtered through Na 2 SO 4 . Solvent was evaporated to give 0.423 g of a clear oil, compound 942.  
                 
 
     [2164] 942 (0.1 g, 3.413 mmol) was transferred into a reaction flask and added anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2  (1 ml), followed by addition of (1) 4-aminobenzonitrile (0.040 g, 3.4 mmol) and triethylamine (61 ul, 4.4 mmol, 1.3 eq.) and stir at room temperature for 10 minutes. TLC with 10% EtoAc/CH 2 Cl 2 , reaction still did not complete. Stir for 1½ hour, TLC again, reaction stopped. Removed solvent to dryness. Added to residue, (1 ml) of anhydrous THF at room temperature, then added 0.0136 g, 3.4 mmol of NaH (60% in oil Disp.). Let stir for ½ hour, followed reaction progress by TLC. Added to reaction mixture additional NaH (0.0136 g, 3.4 mmol), stirred for ½ hour, monitored reaction by TLC, then heated reaction mixture to 60° C. in an oil bath for 45 minutes then overnight. Removed solvent in rotary evaporator under vacuum. Residue was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  and washed with H 2 O, then brine. Filtered through Na 2 SO 4 , removed solvent to dryness to give 0.125 g of crude product. Crude was purified by flash chromatography using (silica gel) and eluting with CH 2 Cl 2  then with 1-5% EtoAc/CH 2 Cl 2 . Isolated 0.035 g of product, 943.  
                 
 
     [2165] 943 (0.034 g, 0.11 mmol) was transferred into a reaction flask and dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (3 ml) and cooled to 0° C. TEA (60 ul, 0.43 mmol, 4 eq.) was added, followed by (213 ul, 0.0427 g, 0.43 mmol, 4 eq.) of a 20% phosgene/toluene solution. Reaction was allowed to stir at 0° C. for 1½ hours. After 1½ hours, N 2  was bubbled into the reaction for ˜10 minutes, then added 0.056 g, 0.12 mmol, 1.1 eq., of starting material (2)-compound 371 a (Preparative Example 42, Step F) followed by triethylamine (33 ul, 0.24 mmol, 2.2 eq.) in 1 ml of CH 2 Cl 2 . Allowed to stir at 0° C. for 1½ hours. Reaction mixture was washed with NaHCO 3 , then H 2 O, then brine and organic layer was filtered through Na 2 SO 4  Removed solvent to dryness to give 0.083 g of crude product. Purified on flash silica gel column eluting with 2, 4, 6, 8%(10%NH 4 OH/CH 3 OH)/CH 2 Cl 2 ). Isolated product gave 0.039 g of 939, MH + =747.  
     EXAMPLE 1581 
     [2166]                   
     [2167] 939 was reacted in the same manner as Compound 360a (Preparative Example 40, STEP G), using (0.118 g, 0.25 mmol) of 939 and (5 ml) of 4N HCL in dioxane to give 0.252 g of 944, MH + =647.  
     EXAMPLE 1582 
     [2168]                   
     [2169] In a 100 ml flask was added 944 (0.073 g, 0.067024 mmol) and 5 ml of anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2  and stirred followed by addition of TEA (37 ul, 4 eq.) and trimethylsilyl isocyanate (90 ul, 0.07 mmol, 10 eq.). Reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. TLC with 7% (10% NH 4 OH/CH 3 OH)/CH 2 Cl 2 . Stir 1½ hours, then added saturated NaHCO 3  and stirred for 10 minutes, separated CH 2 Cl 2  layer, and washed with H 2 O, brine and dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated filtrate to dryness to give 0.056 g of crude product. Purified on Flash silica gel column eluting with CH 2 Cl 2 , then with 1-7%(10% NH 4 OH/CH 3 OH)/CH 2 Cl 2 . Isolated 0.038 g of the desired product, 945, MH + =690.  
     EXAMPLE 1583 
     [2170]                   
     [2171] In a 50 ml reaction flask was added (0.0092 g, 0.0882 mmol, 1.05 eq.) of 2-hydroxy isobutyric acid [CAS 594-61-6] in 1 ml of anhydrous DMF and 1 ml of anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2  followed by addition of NMM (46ul, 0.42 mmol, 5 eq.); HOBT (0.0178 g, 0.11 mmol, 1.3 eq.), DEC (0.024 g, 0.13 mmol, 1.5 eq.). Reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for ˜10 minutes, then added 944 (0.084 g, 0.08 mmol, 1 eq.) in 1 ml of DMF and 1 ml of CH 2 Cl 2 . Reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. Removed solvent in rotary evaporator, added EtoAc and washed with saturated NaHCO 3 , then 3(X) with H 2 O, then with Brine. Organic layer was filtered through Na 2 SO 4 , evaporated filtrate to dryness to give 0.087 g of crude product. Purified crude on a Flash silica gel column eluting with CH 2 Cl 2 -1-5% (10%NH 4 OH/CH 3 OH)/CH 2 Cl 2 , to give 0.048 g of a white solid Compound 946, MH + =733.  
     EXAMPLE 1584 
     [2172]                   
     [2173] In a 50 ml flask was transferred (0.084 g, 0.084 mmol) of 944 and 2 ml of anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2  followed by addition of triethylamine (50 ul, 4.2 mmol, 5 eq.) and methanesulfonylchloride (7.8 ul, 0.10 mmol, 1.2 eq.). Reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. Tic with 5% (10%NH 4 OH/CH 3 OH)/CH 2 Cl 2 . Added saturated NaHCO 3  and stirred vigorously 5-10 minutes. Separated CH 2 Cl 2  layer and washed with H 2 O, Brine and filtered through Na 2 SO 4 . Filtrate was evaporated to dryness to give 0.080 g of crude product. Purified crude on a Flash silica gel column eluting with CH 2 Cl 2 — 1-4% (10%NH 4 OH/CH 3 OH)/CH 2 Cl 2 , to give 0.041 g—compound 947, MH + =725.  
     EXAMPLE 1585 
     [2174]                   
     [2175] In a 50 ml flask was transferred (0.084 g, 0.084 mmol) of 944 and 2 ml of anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2  followed by addition of triethylamine (58 μl, 4.2 mmol, 5 eq.) and triflic anhydride (16.9 ul, 0.1008 mmol, 1.2 eq.). Reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. TLC with 5% (10%NH 4 OH/CH 3 OH)/CH 2 Cl 2 . Added saturated NaHCO 3  and stirred vigorously 5-10 minutes. Separated CH 2 Cl 2  layer and washed with H 2 O, brine and filtered through Na 2 SO 4 . Filtrate was evaporated to dryness to give 0.065 g of crude product. Purified crude on a Flash silica gel column eluting with CH 2 Cl 2 — 1-4% (10%NH 4 OH/CH 3 OH)/CH 2 Cl 2 , to give 0.028 g—compound 948, MH + =779.  
     EXAMPLE 1586 
     [2176]                   
     [2177] 4-aminobenzonitrile (0.1 g, 0.85 mmol) was dissolved in (5 ml) of CH 2 Cl 2 . To this solution was added isobutylene oxide (61 mg, 0.85 mmol) and 1 g of silica gel. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Isobutylene oxide (0.75 ul, 8 mmol) was added and reaction was heated to 60° C. for 16 hours. 4-aminobenzonitrile (200 mg, 1.6 mmol) and isobutylene oxide (0.75 ul, 8 mmol) was added and reaction refluxed for another 7 hours. Volatile solvents evaporated and material chromatographed on silica gel column, eluting with 1-9% ethyl acetate/CH 2 Cl 2 , to give 295 mg of the desired product-951.  
                 
 
     [2178] Compound 951 from Step A was N-protected with a Boc group using standard conditions to give 952.  
                 
 
     [2179] Compound 952 from Step B was O-protected using tetrabutyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) to give 953.  
                 
 
     [2180] The Boc group of 953 Step C was deprotected using using HCl-Dioxane to give 954.  
                 
 
     [2181] Compound 954 from Step D was treated in a similar way to compound of Example 1580, Step D, to give 955.  
                 
 
     [2182] Compound 955 from Step E, was deprotected by treatment with tetrabutylammoniumfluoride (TBAF) to give the title compound 949.  
     EXAMPLE 1587 
     [2183]                   
     [2184] 956 and 957 were prepared in a similar manner to 949 using the appropriate substituted starting epoxide.  
     [2185] Assays  
     [2186] FPT activity was determined by measuring the transfer of [ 3 H] farnesyl from [ 3 H] farnesyl pyrophosphate to a biotinylated peptide derived from the C-terminus of H-ras (biotin-CVLS). The reaction mixture contains: 50 mM Tris pH 7.7, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 5 μM Zn ++ , 5 mM DTT, 0.1% Triton-X, 0.05 μM peptide, 0.03 nM purified human farnesyl protein transferase, 0.180 μM [ 3 H] farnesyl pyrophosphate, plus the indicated concentration of tricyclic compound or vehicle control in a total volume of 100 μl. The reaction was incubated in a Vortemp shaking incubator at 37° C., 45 RPM for 60 minutes and stopped with 150 μl of 0.25 M EDTA containing 0.5% BSA and 1.3 mg/ml Streptavidin SPA beads. Radioactivity was measured in a Wallach 1450 Microbeta liquid scintillation counter. Percent inhibition was calculated relative to the vehicle control.  
     [2187] COS Cell IC 50  (Cell-Based Assay) were determined following the assay procedures described in WO 95/10516, published Apr. 20, 1995. GGPT IC 50  (inhibition of geranylgeranyl protein transferase, in vitro enzyme assay), Cell Mat Biochemical assay and anti-tumor activity (in vivo anti-tumor studies) could be determined by the assay procedures described in WO 95/10516. The disclosure of WO 95/10516 is incorporated herein by reference thereto.  
     [2188] Various tumor cells (5×10 5  to 8×10 6 ) were innoculated subcutaneously into the flank of 5-6 week old athymic nu/nu female mice. Three tumor cell models were used: mouse fibroblasts transformed with H-Ras; HTB-177 human non small cell lung cancer cells or LOX human melanoma cells. Animals were treated with beta cyclodextran vehicle only or compounds in vehicle twice a day (BID) or once a day (QD) for 7 days per week for 1 (×1), 2 (×2) or 3 (×3) weeks. The percent inhibition of tumor growth relative to vehicle controls were determined by tumor measurements. The results are reported in Table 106.  
                               TABLE 106                                       Average %               Dose   Route and   Tumor       Compound No.   Tumor   (MPK)   Schedule   Inhibition                                                    (372)   H-Ras fibroblasts   40   po, BID, x2   92       ″   H-Ras fibroblasts   10   po, BID, x2   70       ″   H-Ras fibroblasts   80   po, QD, x2   91       ″   H-Ras fibroblasts   20   po, QD, x2   55       ″   H-Ras fibroblasts   60   po, BID, x2   98       ″   H-Ras fibroblasts   20   po, BID, x2   59       ″   H-Ras fibroblasts   6.6   po, BID, x2   19       ″   HTB-177   60   po, BID, x3   87       ″   HTB-177   20   po, BID, x3   43       ″   HTB-177   120   po, QD, x3   54       ″   HTB-177   40   po, QD, x3   11       ″   HTB-177   80   po, BID, x3   96       ″   HTB-177   40   po, BID, x3   79       ″   HTB-177   20   po, BID, x3   47       ″   LOX   15   po, BID, x1   20.9       ″   LOX   30   po, BID, x1   54.8       ″   LOX   60   po, BID, x1   90.3                          
 
     [2189] Soft Agar Assay:  
     [2190] Anchorage-independent growth is a characteristic of tumorigenic cell lines.  
     [2191] Human tumor cells can be suspended in growth medium containing 0.3% agarose and an indicated concentration of a farnesyl transferase inhibitor. The solution can be overlayed onto growth medium solidified with 0.6% agarose containing the same concentration of farnesyl transferase inhibitor as the top layer. After the top layer is solidified, plates can be incubated for 10-16 days at 37° C. under 5% CO 2  to allow colony outgrowth. After incubation, the colonies can be stained by overlaying the agar with a solution of MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Thiazolyl blue) (1 mg/mL in PBS). Colonies can be counted and the IC 50 &#39;s can be determined.  
     [2192] Compounds of this invention have an FPT IC 50  in the range of 0.05 nM to 100 nM and a Soft Agar IC 50  in the range of &lt;0.5 nM to 50 nM.  
     [2193] The preferred compounds of the invention have an FPT IC 50  range of between 0.05 nM-20 nM and a Soft agar IC 50  range of between &lt;0.5 nM-15 nM.  
     [2194] The most preferred compounds have an FPT IC 50  range of between 0.05 nM-10.0 nM and Soft agar IC 50  range of between &lt;0.5 nM-10 nM.  
     [2195] The more preferred compounds have an FPT IC 50  range of between 0.05 nM-5.0 nM and Soft agar IC 50  range of between &lt;0.5 nM-5 nM.  
     [2196] For preparing pharmaceutical compositions from the compounds described by this invention, inert, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid. Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories. The powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent active ingredient. Suitable solid carriers are known in the art, e.g. magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar or lactose. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and methods of manufacture for various compositions may be found in A. Gennaro (ed.), Remington&#39;s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition, (1990), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.  
     [2197] Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection or addition of sweeteners and opacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.  
     [2198] Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and solids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.  
     [2199] Also included are solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.  
     [2200] The compounds of the invention may also be deliverable transdermally. The transdermal compositions can take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.  
     [2201] Preferably, the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form. In such form, the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.  
     [2202] The quantity of the compounds of the present invention in a unit dose of preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg, for example, from about 0.01 mg to about 750 mg, from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg, and from about 0.01 mg to about 250 mg, according to the particular application.  
     [2203] The amount and frequency of administration of the compounds of the present invention and/or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof will be regulated according to the judgment of the attending clinician considering such factors as age, condition and size of the patient as well as severity of the symptoms being treated. A typical recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration can range from about 0.04 mg/day to about 4000 mg/day, in single or divided doses, preferably, in two to four divided doses.  
     [2204] The chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation therapy can be administered in association with the compounds of the present invention according to the dosage and administration schedule listed in the product information sheet of the approved agents, in the Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) as well as therapeutic protocols well known in the art. Dosages and dosage regimens are exemplified in the embodiments of this invention. Additional examples of dosages and dosage regimens of chemotherapeutic agents useful in this invention are given in Table 107.  
               TABLE 107                       Examplary Chemotherapeutic Agents Dosage and Dosage Regimens                                                Cisplatin:    50-100 mg/m 2  every 4 weeks (IV)*           Carboplatin:   300-360 mg/m 2  every 4 weeks (IV)           Taxotere:    60-100 mg/m 2  every 3 weeks (IV)                                  
 
     [2205] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation therapy can be varied depending on the disease being treated and the known effects of the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation therapy on that disease. Also, in accordance with the knowledge of the skilled clinician, the therapeutic protocols (e.g., dosage amounts and times of administration) can be varied in view of the observed effects of the administered chemotherapeutic agents (i.e., antineoplastic agent or radiation) on the patient, and in view of the observed responses of the disease to the administered therapeutic agents.  
     [2206] In an example of combination therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, the compound of Formula (1.0) is administered orally in a range of from 50 to 400 mg/day, in two divided doses, in association with the antineoplastic agent, gemcitabine, which is administered at a dosage of from 750 to 1350 mg/m 2  weekly for three out of four weeks during the course of treatment.  
     [2207] In a an example of combination therapy in the treatment of lung cancer, the compound of Formula (1.0) is administered orally in a range of from 50 to 400 mg/day, in two divided doses, in association with the antineoplastic agent, paclitaxel, which is administered at a dosage of from 65 to 175 mg/m 2  once every three weeks.  
     [2208] In an example of combination therapy in the treatment of gliomas, the compound of Formula (1.0) is administered orally in a range of from 50 to 400 mg/day, in two divided doses; in association with the antineoplastic agent, temozolomide, which is administered at a dosage of from 100 to 250 mg/m 2 .  
     [2209] In another example of combination therapy in the treatment of cancer, the compound of Formula (1.0) is administered orally in a range of from 50 to 400 mg/day, in two divided doses, in association with the antineoplastic agent, cisplatin, which is administered intravenously in a range of from 50 to 100 mg/m2 once every four weeks.  
     [2210] In another example of combination therapy in the treatment of cancer, the compound of Formula (1.0) is administered orally in a range of from 50 to 400 mg/day, in two divided doses, in association with the antineoplastic agent, carboplatin, which is administered intravenously in a range of from 300-360 mg/m2 once every four weeks.  
     [2211] In another example of combination therapy in the treatment of cancer, the compound of Formula (1.0) is administered orally in a range of from 50 to 400 mg/day, in two divided doses, in association with the chemotherapeutic agent, carboplatin, which is administered intravenously in a range of from 300 to 360 mg/m2 once every four weeks and the chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel, which is administered at a dosage of from 65 to 175 mg/m 2  once every three weeks.  
     [2212] In another example of combination therapy in the treatment of cancer, the compound of Formula (1.0) is administered orally in a range of from 50 to 400 mg/day, in two divided doses, in association with the chemotherapeutic agent, Cisplatin, which is administered intravenously in a range of from 50 to 100 mg/m2 once every four weeks and the chemotherapeutic agent, Gemcitabine, which is administered at a dosage of from 65 to 175 mg/m 2  once every three weeks.  
     [2213] The signal transduction inhibition therapy can be administered according to the dosage and administration schedule listed in the product information sheet of the approved agents, in the Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) as well as therapeutic protocols well known in the art. Examples of ranges of dosage and dosage regimens of some signal transduction inhibitors are given Table 108.  
               TABLE 108                       Examplary Signal Transduction Inhibitors Dosage and Dosage Regimens                                        Iressa (ZD1839) - EGF receptor    150-700 mg/day (oral)       kinase inhibitor:       OSI-774 - EGF receptor kinase   100-1000 mg/day (oral)       inhibitor:       Herceptin - HER-2/neu antibody:    100-250 mg/m 2 /week (IV)*       C225 - EGF receptor antibody:    200-500 mg/m 2 /week (IV)       ABX-EGF - EGF receptor      0.2-2 mg/kg every 2 weeks (IV)       antibody:       Gleevec (STI-571) - bcr/abl kinase   300-1000 mg/day (oral)       inhibitor:                          
 
     [2214] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the administration of the signal tranduction inhibitor can be varied depending on the disease being treated and the known effects of the signal transduction inhibitor therapy on that disease. Also, in accordance with the knowledge of the skilled clinician, the therapeutic protocols (e.g., dosage amounts and times of administration) can be varied in view of the observed effects of the administered signal transduction inhibitors on the patient, and in view of the observed responses of the disease to the administered therapeutic agents.  
     [2215] In another example of combination therapy in the treatment of cancer, the compound of Formula (1.0) is administered orally in a range of from 50 to 400 mg/day, in two divided doses in association with the signal tranduction inhibitor, EGF receptor kinase inhibitor, Iressa (ZD1839), which is administered orally in the range of 150-700 mg/day.  
     [2216] The FPT inhibitor compound of formula (1.0), the chemotherapeutic agent, signal transduction inhibitor and/or radiation can be administered by different routes. For example, the FPT inhibitor compound of formula (1.0) can be administered orally, while the chemotherapeutic agent may be administered intravenously. The initial administration can be made according to established protocols known in the art, and then, based upon the observed effects, the dosage, modes of administration and times of administration can be modified by the skilled clinician.  
     [2217] The particular choice of the chemotherapeutic agent, signal transduction inhibitor and/or radiation to use with the FPT inhibitor of this invention will depend upon the diagnosis of the attending physicians and their judgement of the condition of the patient and the appropriate treatment protocol.  
     [2218] The FPT inhibitor compound of formula (1.0), chemotherapeutic agent, signal transduction inhibitor and/or radiation may be administered concurrently (e.g., simultaneously, just prior to or after, or within the same treatment protocol) or sequentiallyl. Determination of the sequence of administration can be determined by the skilled clinician. Some factors that the skilled clinician can use to determine the treatment protocol are the nature of the proliferative disease, the condition of the patient, and the actual choice of chemotherapeutic agent, signal transduction inhibitor and/or radiation to be administered in conjunction (i.e., within a single treatment protocol) with the FPT inhibitor compound of formula (1.0).  
     [2219] If the FPT inhibitor compound of formula (1.0), chemotherapeutic agent, signal transduction inhibitor and/or radiation are not administered simultaneously then the FPT inhibitor compound of formula (1.0) may be administered first followed by the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent, signal transduction inhibitor and/or radiation, or the chemotherapeutic agent, signal transduction inhibitor and/or radiation can be administered first followed by the administration of the FPT inhibitor compound of formula (1.0). This alternate administration may be repeated during a single treatment protocol until the treatment protocol is completed. The determination of the order of administration, and the number of repititions of administration of each therapeutic agent during a treatment protocol, is well within the knowledge of the skilled physician after evaluation of the disease being treated and the condition of the patient.  
     [2220] Thus, in accordance with experience and knowledge, the practising physician can modify each protocol for the administration of a component (therapeutic agent—i.e., FPT inhibitor compound of formula (1.0), chemotherapeutic agent, signal transduction inhibitor or radiation) of the treatment according to the individual patient&#39;s needs, as the treatment proceeds.  
     [2221] The attending clinician, in judging whether treatment is effective at the dosage administered, will consider the general well-being of the patient as well as more definite signs such as relief of disease-related symptoms, inhibition of tumor growth, actual shrinkage of the tumor, or inhibition of metastasis. Size of the tumor can be measured by standard methods such as radio-logical studies, e.g., CAT or MRI scan, and successive measure-ments can be used to judge whether or not growth of the tumor has been retarded or even reversed. Relief of disease-related symptoms such as pain, and improvement in overall condition can also be used to help judge effectiveness of treatment.  
     [2222] Additional pharmaceutical and method of treating embodiments of this invention are set forth below.  
     [2223] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of compound of formula 1.0 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.  
     [2224] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of compound of formula 1.4 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.  
     [2225] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method for treating the abnormal growth of cells in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0.  
     [2226] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0.  
     [2227] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors expressing an activated ras oncogene in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0.  
     [2228] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment wherein said tumors are selected from the group consisting of: pancreatictumors, lung tumors, myeloid leukemias, thyroid follicular tumors, myelodysplastic syndrome, head and neck tumors, melanomas, breast tumor, prostate tumors, ovarian tumors, bladder tumors, glioma tumors, epidermal tumors and colon tumors, comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of inhibiting ras farnesyl protein transferase in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0.  
     [2229] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors, wherein the Ras protein is activated as a result of oncogenic mutation in genes other than the Ras gene, in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0.  
     [2230] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering concurrently or sequentially to said patient, an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation.  
     [2231] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering concurrently or sequentially to said patient, an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, wherein said tumors are selected from the group consisting of: pancreatic tumors, lung tumors, myeloid leukemias, thyroid follicular tumors, myelodysplastic syndrome, head and neck tumors, melanomas, breast tumor, prostate tumors, ovarian tumors, bladder tumors, glioma tumors, epidermal tumors and colon tumors.  
     [2232] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering concurrently or sequentially to said patient, an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, wherein said tumors are selected from the group consisting of lung cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and myeloid leukemias.  
     [2233] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering concurrently or sequentially to said patient, an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, wherein said chemotherapeutic agent is an antineoplastic agent selected from: Uracil mustard, Chlormethine, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Pipobroman, Triethylenemelamine, Triethylenethiophosphoramine, Busulfan, Carmustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin, Dacarbazine, Temozolomide, Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Cytarabine, 6-Mercaptopurine, 6-Thioguanine, Fludarabine phosphate, Pentostatine, Gemcitabine, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Bleomycin, Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Taxol, Taxotere, Mithramycin, Deoxycoformycin, Mitomycin-C, L-Asparaginase, Interferons, Etoposide, Teniposide 17α-Ethinylestradiol, Diethylstilbestrol, Testosterone, Prednisone, Fluoxymesterone, Dromostanolone propionate, Testolactone, Megestrolacetate, Tamoxifen, Methylprednisolone, Methyltestosterone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone, Chlorotrianisene, Hydroxyprogesterone, Aminoglutethimide, Estramustine, Medroxyprogesteroneacetate, Leuprolide, Flutamide, Toremifene, goserelin, Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Hydroxyurea, Amsacrine, Procarbazine, Mitotane, Mitoxantrone, Levamisole, Navelbene, CPT-11, Anastrazole, Letrazole, Capecitabine, Reloxafine, Droloxafine, and Hexamethylmelamine.  
     [2234] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering concurrently or sequentially to said patient, an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, wherein said chemotherapeutic agent is a microtubule affecting agent selected from allocolchicine, Halichondrin B, colchicine, colchicine derivatives, dolastatin 10, maytansine, rhizoxin, paclitaxel, paclitaxel derivatives, Taxotere, thiocolchicine, trityl cysteine, vinblastine sulfate, vincristine sulfate, epothilone A, epothilone, discodermolide, estramustine, nocodazole and MAP4.  
     [2235] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering concurrently or sequentially to said patient, an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, wherein said chemotherapeutic agent is selected from Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Carboplatin, paclitaxel, paclitaxel derivatives, and Taxotere.  
     [2236] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering concurrently or sequentially to said patient, an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, wherein the compound of formula 1.0 is selected from the group consisting of:  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 
 
     [2237] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering concurrently or sequentially to said patient, an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, wherein the tumors treated are selected from the group consisting of: lung cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and myeloid leukemias; wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: paclitaxel, a paclitaxel derivative, taxotere, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, temozolomide, vincristine, cisplatin, carboplatin, and gemcitabine.  
     [2238] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering concurrently or sequentially to said patient, an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: carboplatin, taxol and taxotere.  
     [2239] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering concurrently or sequentially to said patient, an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: gemcitabine and cisplatin.  
     [2240] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering concurrently or sequentially to said patient, an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount taxol and/or radiation, wherein the tumors treated are selected from the group consisting of: lung cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and myeloid leukemias.  
     [2241] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering, concurrently or sequentially, to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one signal transduction inhibitor.  
     [2242] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering, concurrently or sequentially, to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one signal transduction inhibitor, wherein the tumors are selected from the group consisting of: pancreatic tumors, lung tumors, myeloid leukemias, thyroid follicular tumors, myelodysplastic syndrome, head and neck tumors, melanomas, breast tumors, prostate tumors, ovarian tumors, bladder tumors, gliomas and colon tumors.  
     [2243] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering, concurrently or sequentially, to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one signal transduction inhibitor, wherein the signal tranduction inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a bcr/abl kinase inhibitor, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, and a HER-2/neu receptor inhibitor.  
     [2244] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering, concurrently or sequentially, to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one signal transduction inhibitor, wherein the signal tranduction inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Gleevec, Iressa, OSI-774, Imclone C225, Abgenix ABX-EGF, and Herceptin.  
     [2245] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating tumors in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering, concurrently or sequentially, to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.0 in combination with an effective amount of at least one signal transduction inhibitor, wherein the tumors treated are selected from the group conisting of: lung tumors, head and neck tumors, bladder tumors, breast tumors, prostate tumors and myeloid leukemias; and the signal transduction inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Gleevec, Iressa, OSI-774, Imclone C225, Abgenix ABX-EGF; and Herceptin.  
     [2246] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and at least two different antineoplastic agents selected from:  
     [2247] (1) taxanes;  
     [2248] (2) platinum coordinator compounds;  
     [2249] (3) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
     [2250] (4) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules;  
     [2251] (5) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
     [2252] (6) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules;  
     [2253] (7) estrogen receptor antagonists or selective estrogen receptor modulators;  
     [2254] (8) anti-tumor nucleoside derivatives;  
     [2255] (9) epothilones;  
     [2256] (10) topoisomerase inhibitors;  
     [2257] (11) vinca alkaloids;  
     [2258] (12) antibodies that are inhibitors of αVβ3 integrins; and  
     [2259] (13) small molecule inhibitors of αVβ3 integrins;  
     [2260] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound.  
     [2261] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said taxane is selected from paclitaxel or docetaxel, and said platinum coordinator compound is selected from carboplatin or cisplatin.  
     [2262] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said taxane is paclitaxel and said platinum coordinator compound is carboplatin.  
     [2263] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said taxane is paclitaxel and said platinum coordinator compound is cisplatin.  
     [2264] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said taxane is docetaxel and said platinum coordinator compound is cisplatin.  
     [2265] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said taxane is docetaxel and said platinum coordinator compound is carboplatin.  
     [2266] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineopiastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said taxane is paclitaxel administered in an amount of about 150 mg to about 300 mg/m 2  once every three weeks per cycle, and said platinum coordinator compound is carboplatin administered once every three weeks per cycle in amount of to provide an AUC of about 5 to about 8.  
     [2267] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said taxane is docetaxel administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 100 mg/m 2  once every three weeks per cycle, and said platinum coordinator compound is cisplatin administered in amount of about 60 mg to about 100 mg/m 2  once every three weeks per cycle.  
     [2268] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day.  
     [2269] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 75 mg to about 125 mg twice a day.  
     [2270] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said FPT inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 
 
     [2271] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said FPT inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 
 
     [2272] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said FPT inhibitor is:  
                 
 
     [2273] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said FPT inhibitor is:  
                 
 
     [2274] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said FPT inhibitor is:  
                 
 
     [2275] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein the treatment is given for one to four weeks per cycle.  
     [2276] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein non small cell lung cancer is treated.  
     [2277] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is an EGF inhibitor that is an antibody.  
     [2278] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is an EGF inhibitor that is an antibody, wherein said taxane is paclitaxel and said EGF inhibitor is Herceptin.  
     [2279] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is an antinucleoside derivative, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound.  
     [2280] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is an antinucleoside derivative, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said antinucleoside derivative is gemcitabine and said platinum coordinator compound is cisplatin.  
     [2281] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is an antinucleoside derivative, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said antinucleoside derivative is gemcitabine and said platinum coordinator compound is carboplatin.  
     [2282] An embodiment of this invention is directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2283] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and  
     [2284] (b) carboplatin; and  
     [2285] (c) paclitaxel.  
     [2286] An embodiment of this invention is directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2287] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and  
     [2288] (b) carboplatin; and  
     [2289] (c) paclitaxel,  
     [2290] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered twice a day, said carboplatin is administered once every three weeks per cycle, and said paclitaxel is administered once every three weeks per cycle, said treatment being given for one to four weeks per cycle.  
     [2291] An embodiment of this invention is directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2292] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and  
     [2293] (b) carboplatin; and  
     [2294] (c) paclitaxel,  
     [2295] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, said carboplatin is administered once every three weeks per cycle in an amount to provide an AUC of about 5 to about 8, said paclitaxel is administered once every three weeks per cycle in an amount of about 150 to about 300 mg/m 2 , wherein said carboplatin and said paclitaxel are administered on the same day, and said treatment being given for one to four weeks per cycle.  
     [2296] An embodiment of this invention is directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2297] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and  
     [2298] (b) carboplatin; and  
     [2299] (c) paclitaxel,  
     [2300] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 75 mg to about 125 mg twice a day, said carboplatin is administered once every three weeks per cycle in an amount to provide an AUC of about 5 to about 8, said paclitaxel is administered once every three weeks per cycle in an amount of about 150 to about 300 mg/m 2 , said carboplatin and said paclitaxel are administered on the same day, and said treatment being given for one to four weeks per cycle  
     [2301] An embodiment of this invention is directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2302] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and  
     [2303] (b) carboplatin; and  
     [2304] (c) paclitaxel,  
     [2305] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 100 mg twice a day, said carboplatin is administered once every three weeks per cycle in an amount to provide an AUC of about 5 to about 8, said paclitaxel is administered once every three weeks per cycle in an amount of about 150 to about 300 mg/m 2 , wherein said carboplatin and said paclitaxel are administered on the same day, and said treatment being given for one to four weeks per cycle.  
     [2306] An embodiment of this invention is directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2307] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and:  
     [2308] (b) cisplatin; and  
     [2309] (c) gemcitabine.  
     [2310] An embodiment of this invention is directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2311] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and:  
     [2312] (b) cisplatin; and  
     [2313] (c) gemcitabine  
     [2314] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered twice a day, said cisplatin is administered once every three or four weeks per cycle, and said gemcitabine is administered once a week per cycle, said treatment being given for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
     [2315] An embodiment of this invention is directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2316] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and:  
     [2317] (b) cisplatin; and  
     [2318] (c) gemcitabine  
     [2319] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, said cisplatin is administered once every three or four weeks per cycle in an amount of about 60 to about 100 mg/m 2 , said gemcitabine is administered once a week per cycle in an amount of about 750 to about 1250 mg/m 2 , and said treatment being given for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
     [2320] An embodiment of this invention is directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2321] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and:  
     [2322] (b) cisplatin; and  
     [2323] (c) gemcitabine  
     [2324] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 75 mg to about 125 mg twice a day, said cisplatin is administered once every three or four weeks per cycle in an amount of about 60 to about 100 mg/m 2 , said gemcitabine is administered once a week per cycle in an amount of about 750 to about 1250 mg/m 2 , and said treatment being given for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
     [2325] An embodiment of this invention is directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2326] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and:  
     [2327] (b) cisplatin; and  
     [2328] (c) gemcitabine  
     [2329] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 100 mg twice a day, said cisplatin is administered once every three or four weeks per cycle in an amount of about 60 to about 100 mg/m 2 , and said gemcitabine is administered once a week per cycle in an amount of about 750 to about 1250 mg/m 2 , and said treatment being given for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
     [2330] An embodiment of this invention id directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2331] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and  
     [2332] (b) carboplatin; and  
     [2333] (c) gemcitabine.  
     [2334] An embodiment of this invention id directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2335] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and  
     [2336] (b) carboplatin; and  
     [2337] (c) gemcitabine,  
     [2338] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered twice a day, said carboplatin is administered once every three weeks per cycle, and said gemcitabine is administered once a week per cycle, said treatment being given for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
     [2339] An embodiment of this invention id directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2340] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and  
     [2341] (b) carboplatin; and  
     [2342] (c) gemcitabine,  
     [2343] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, said carboplatin is administered once every three weeks per cycle in an amount to provide an AUC of about 5 to about 8, said gemcitabine is administered once a week per cycle in an amount of about 750 to about 1250 mg/m 2 , and said treatment being given for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
     [2344] An embodiment of this invention id directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2345] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and  
     [2346] (b) carboplatin; and  
     [2347] (c) gemcitabine,  
     [2348] said treatment being given for one to seven weeks per cycle, wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 75 mg to about 125 mg twice a day, said carboplatin is administered once every three weeks per cycle in an amount to provide an AUC of about 5 to about 8, and said gemcitabine is administered once a week per cycle in an amount of about 750 to about 1250 mg/m 2 , and said treatment being given for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
     [2349] An embodiment of this invention id directed to the treatment of non small cell lung cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of:  
     [2350] (a) an FPT inhibitor of formula 1.4; and  
     [2351] (b) carboplatin; and  
     [2352] (c) gemcitabine,  
     [2353] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 100 mg twice a day, said carboplatin is administered once every three weeks per cycle in an amount to provide an AUC of about 5 to about 8, said gemcitabine is administered once a week per cycle in an amount of about 750 to about 1250 mg/m 2 , and said treatment being given for one to seven weeks per cycle.  
     [2354] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and an antineoplastic agent selected from the group consisting of:  
     [2355] (1) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
     [2356] (2) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules;  
     [2357] (3) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies; or  
     [2358] (4) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules.  
     [2359] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and an antineoplastic agent selected from the group consisting of: Herceptin, Cetuximab, Tarceva, Iressa, bevacizumab, IMC-1C11, SU5416, and SU6688.  
     [2360] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and an antineoplastic agent selected from the group consisting of:  
     [2361] (1) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
     [2362] (2) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules;  
     [2363] (3) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies; or  
     [2364] (4) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules,  
     [2365] wherein the FPT inhibitor is administered twice a day, said antineoplastic agent that is an antibody is administered once a week per cycle and said antineoplastic agent that is a small molecule is administered daily, said treatment being given for one to four weeks per cycle.  
     [2366] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and an antineoplastic agent selected from the group consisting of:  
     [2367] (1) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
     [2368] (2) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules;  
     [2369] (3) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies; or  
     [2370] (4) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules,  
     [2371] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 200 mg twice a day, and said antineoplastic agent that is an antibody is administered once a week per cycle in an amount of about 2 to about 10 mg/m 2 , and said antineoplastic agent that is a small molecule is administered daily in an amount of about 50 to about 2400 mg/m 2 , and said treatment being given for one to four weeks per cycle.  
     [2372] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and an antineoplastic agent selected from the group consisting of:  
     [2373] (1) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
     [2374] (2) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules;  
     [2375] (3) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies; or  
     [2376] (4) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules,  
     [2377] wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 75 mg to about 125 mg twice a day, and said antineoplastic agent that is an antibody is administered once a week per cycle in an amount of about 2 to about 10 mg/m 2 , and said antineoplastic agent that is a small molecule is administered daily in an amount of about 50 to about 2400 mg/m 2 , and said treatment being given for one to four weeks per cycle.  
     [2378] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient therapeutically effective amounts of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and an antineoplastic agent selected from the group consisting of:  
     [2379] (1) EGF inhibitors that are antibodies;  
     [2380] (2) EGF inhibitors that are small molecules;  
     [2381] (3) VEGF inhibitors that are antibodies; or  
     [2382] (4) VEGF kinase inhibitors that are small molecules,  
     [2383] said treatment being given for one to four weeks per cycle, wherein said FPT inhibitor is administered in an amount of about 100 mg twice a day, and said antineoplastic agent that is an antibody is administered once a week per cycle in an amount of about 2 to about 10 mg/m 2 , and said antineoplastic agent that is a small molecule is administered daily in an amount of about 50 to about 2400 mg/m 2 , and said treatment being given for one to four weeks per cycle.  
     [2384] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said taxane is paclitaxel administered in an amount of about 150 mg to about 300 mg/m 2  once a week per cycle, and said platinum coordinator compound is carboplatin administered once a week per cycle in an amount to provide an AUC of about 5 to about 8.  
     [2385] An embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor compound of formula 1.4 and two antineoplastic agents, wherein one antineoplastic agent is a taxane, and the other antineoplastic agent is a platinum coordinator compound, wherein said taxane is docetaxel administered in an amount of about 50 mg to about 100 mg/m 2  once a week per cycle, and said platinum coordinator compound is cisplatin administered in amount of about 60 mg to about 100 mg/m 2  once a week per cycle.  
     [2386] For the embodiments of this invention using compounds of formula 1.4, the compounds of formula 1.4 are preferably selected from the group consisting of:  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 
 
     [2387] most preferably selected from the group consisting of:  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 
 
     [2388] more preferably  
                 
 
     [2389] and even more preferably  
                 
 
     [2390] While the present invention has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments set forth above, many alternatives, modifications and variations thereof will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. All such alternatives, modifications and variations are intended to fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.