Patent Publication Number: US-2023144992-A1

Title: A light redirecting prism, a redirecting prismatic wall and a solar panel incorporating the same

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS: 
     The present specification is a cognate of the provisional specification filed under the following Indian Patent applications: 
     Application number 202041015548, entitled ‘A Motionless Optical Unit for Redirecting Sunlight, System and Method Thereof’, filed on Apr. 9, 2020; 
     Application number 202041016181, entitled ‘Efficient Management of Various Losses in a Solar Energy Application’ filed on Apr. 14, 2020; 
     Application number 202041017713, entitled ‘Light Deflector Wall assembly, and Method of Making the Same filed on Apr. 24, 2020; 
     Application number 202041021540, entitled ‘Optimal Surface Topography of a Light Deflector Wall Assembly in a Solar Energy (filed on May 22, 2020); and 
     Application number 2020041039558, entitled ‘Efficient Model for Light Deflector Wall Assembly for Thermal Dissipation in a Solar Energy Application’, filed on Sep. 13, 2020. 
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to light redirecting elements in solar energy absorption systems. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art. 
     The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of energy. Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. 
     The use of photovoltaic systems concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy are some examples of active solar techniques. Passive solar techniques include orienting sunlight inside a building, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light-dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. 
     Ways to boost the efficiency of solar panels include geometric patterns on solar glass, bi-directional reflectance function (BDRF) based mirror boosters, single axis photovoltaic trackers all of which improve efficiency of conventional solar photovoltaic panel. In the space of concentrated photovoltaic also many prior arts exist that improves module efficiency with motionless tracking and total internal reflection based light trapping. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 9,257,580 B2 discloses a monolithic transparent plate including, on at least one of its faces, at least one region textured by a plurality of geometric features in relief relative to a general plane of the face, each feature having a cross section, parallel to the general plane, which diminishes with distance from the face, from a base to a peak of the feature. The area of the zones of the textured region for which the inclination angle relative to the general plane is less than 30° C. represents less than 35% of the total area of the textured region. However, the prismatic structures may work for a small range of angle of incidence—0° to 40° of sunlight and hence may provide limited improvement over a plain solar glass. The process of making grooves may also add an additional manufacturing cost. 
     US 2007/0125415 discloses a crystalline silicon PV module typically use tinned flat copper wire to increase the conductivity of a bus bar metallization and to interconnect to adjacent cells. Such a flat bus wire may be patterned with shallow ‘v’ shaped grooves using metal forming techniques, such as rolling, stamping and drawing. The grooves are designed so that incident light is reflected up toward the glass superstrate of the module at an internal interface angle that is large enough (typically greater than about)40° so that the light undergoes total internal reflection at the glass-air interface and is reflected onto the photovoltaic cell. However, the prismatic structure on the bus-wires may cast a marginal shadow on the photovoltaic cell and affect the efficiency improvement. Also, the technique would require expensive micro machining of the grooves on the solar bus bars. 
     WO2015104028A3 discloses a means of transmitting sunlight downward into a narrow alleys and streets, by using a day-lighting guiding acrylic panel that is capable of changing the direction and distribution of the incident light. The core of the proposed daylight guidance system is made up of light transmission panels that have sine wave shaped cross-section so that the panel functions as an optical diffusor perpendicular to the optical axis. However, the prismatic structures are optimized for certain Solar altitude range adopting specific conditions and the same design may not hold good for any geographic location. 
     US20170104121A1 discloses a light redirecting film defining a longitudinal axis, and including a base layer, an ordered arrangement of a plurality of microstructures, and a reflective layer. The microstructures project from the base layer, and each extends across the base layer to define a corresponding primary axis. The primary axis of at least one of the microstructures is oblique with respect to the longitudinal axis. The reflective layer is disposed over the microstructures opposite the base layer. However, the light redirection film is susceptible to UV radiation and the performance degrades over time and does not last for the lifetime of the panel. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 9,768,725 B2 discloses a PV module comprising a conductive back sheet, a substantially transparent front plate, a plurality of PV cells, a plurality of conductive spacers, and a power conversion device. The PV cells can be disposed between the conductive back sheet and the front plate and can be arranged in a plurality of rows. The PV cells within each row can be connected to each other in parallel and the rows can be connected in series. The PV cells can be interconnected between the conductive spacers. The power conversion device can be redundantly connected to the PV cells via a last conductive spacer connected to a last row. However, the design may require a special micro inverter that can handle varying conversion rates. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,958,868 B1 discloses an integrated solar concentrator and tracker is constructed from a beam deflector for unpolarized light in combination with a fixed optical condenser. The one-dimensional beam deflector consists of a pair of prism arrays made from a material whose refractive index can be varied by applying an electric field. Two of the one-dimensional concentrators can be arranged with their faces in contact and with their prism arrays perpendicular to construct a two-dimensional beam deflector. However, the design may involve considerable operational overhead in ensuring that electromagnetic field is applied in a manner in accordance with the movement of the sun across the sky. 
     This may make the module expensive to maintain over a period of time. Further, the prismatic design may improve the performance of PV panel only for 105 days on either side of the summer solstice. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,873,257 B2 discloses a solar energy system that uses a light-guide solar panel (LGSP) to trap light inside a dielectric or other transparent panel and propagates the light to one of the panel edges for harvesting by a solar energy collector such as a photovoltaic cell. However, the design may be applicable for concentrated PV in which photovoltaic cells are expensive. Also, the lifetime of PMMA lens is only 8-10 years and it degrades due to UV exposure under the sun. 
     WO2016077252A1 discloses electronically reconfiguring the internal structure of a solid to allow precision control of the propagation of wave energy. The method allows digital or analog control of wave energy, such as but not limited to visible light, while maintaining low losses, a multi-octave bandwidth, polarization independence, large area and a large dynamic range in power handling. 
     However, the design may be applicable for concentrated photovoltaic in which photovoltaic cells are expensive. The cost economics of the design is effective only for large-scale utility deployments due to the optical fluid and motors/controllers involved to move the liquid in a timely manner. These additional accessories also have limited warranty of 5-8 years only. 
     In order to overcome the problem of moving components being used to track sun, solutions are provided that may use Concentrated Photovoltaic for motion free based light redirection using Total Internal Reflection (TIR). These solutions work by concentrating the energy in one dimension to a line-like focus or point focus for solar thermal applications. Among such systems are those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,120,565 A, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,091,798, 4,154,219 A. All these systems may use plurality of triangular prism surfaces to enable TIR and to reflect light from the sun onto a region to be heated, such as a fluid-filled conduit. However, these designs are valid for solar thermal application and the TIR based design involve heavy optical elements. Also, the acceptance range of TIR angles is limited for 10-20 degrees of incidence angle and the arrangement requires at least 2-3 physical adjustments throughout the year. 
     Therefore, there is a need of light redirection system and/or method that allows for a wide range of operation, is cost effective, has minimum human intervention requirements over seasonal variation and requires minimal maintenance. 
     Objects 
     Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows: 
     It is an object of the present disclosure to ameliorate one or more problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative. 
     An object of present disclosure is to provide a light redirection system and/or method. 
     Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a light redirection system and/or method that allows for a wide range of operation. 
     Yet another object of this invention is to provide a light redirection system and/or method that is cost effective. 
     Still another object of this invention is to provide a light redirection system and/or method that has minimum human intervention requirements for seasonal variation. 
     Still another object of this invention is to provide a light redirection system and/or method that requires minimal maintenance. 
     Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure envisages a light redirecting prism. The light redirecting prism has at least three elongate surfaces including an incident surface, a redirecting surface and a transmitting surface. The incident surface is configured to receive incident parallel rays of light. The redirecting surface is configured to perform total internal reflection of the light travelling from the incident surface for a predetermined range of angles and thus redirect the light. A first angle is defined between the incident surface and the transmitting surface. The transmitting surface is configured to transmit the redirected light at a predetermined angle out of the prism and to direct the light towards a solar energy absorbing device. A second angle defined between the incident surface and the redirecting surface, thus defining a third angle defined between the redirecting surface and the transmitting surface. 
     Preferably, the first angle is in the range of 80°-110°, and is preferably 100°, and the second angle is in the range of 45°-55° and is preferably 49°. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the prism has a truncated bottom for facilitating mounting of the prism on a base and for providing mechanical stability. 
     According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the redirecting prism has a secondary redirecting profile on the transmitting surface. The secondary redirecting profile comprises at least one ridge or serration whose edge lies in a horizontal plane. The secondary redirecting profile spans at least a lower part of the transmitting surface and extends up to an operative lower edge of the redirecting surface. The secondary redirecting profile is provided along the horizontal length of the transmitting surface, and is configured to redirect towards the adjacent solar energy absorbing device, that component of the redirected rays which would get transmitted in a shadow region of the prism or transmitted back in the air or transmitted within the prism boundary, in the absence of the secondary redirecting profile, the shadow region being that region below the redirecting prism between the lower edge of the transmitting surface of the prism and the corresponding solar energy absorbing device. Preferably, the secondary redirecting profile comprises a plurality of parallel ridges or serrations. Preferably, the secondary redirecting profile comprises a plurality of reedings or flutings having a plurality of semi-cylindrical protrusions or depressions respectively, with axes of said protrusions or said depressions parallel to the transmitting surface of said prism. 
     According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the redirecting prism has a concentrating profile on the transmitting surface. The concentrating profile spans at least an upper part of the transmitting surface and extends up to an operative upper edge of the transmitting surface. In an embodiment, the concentrating profile comprises operatively vertical flutings. In another embodiment, the concentrating profile comprises operatively vertical reedings. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the redirecting prism has a secondary redirecting profile on the redirecting surface comprising at least one ridge or serration whose edge lies in a horizontal plane. The secondary redirecting profile spans at least a lower part of the redirecting surface and extends up to an operative lower edge of the redirecting surface. In an embodiment, the secondary redirecting profile spans over the entire redirecting surface. The secondary redirecting profile is provided along the length of the redirecting surface and is configured to redirect towards the adjacent solar energy absorbing device, that component of the redirected rays which would get transmitted in a shadow region of the prism in the absence of the secondary redirecting profile or transmitted back in the air or transmitted within the prism boundary. In an embodiment, the secondary redirecting profile comprising a plurality of parallel ridges or serrations. 
     Preferably, the secondary redirecting profile comprises a plurality of reedings or flutings having a plurality of semi-cylindrical protrusions or depressions respectively, with axes of said protrusions or said depressions parallel to the transmitting surface of said prism. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the redirecting prism has a concentrating profile on the redirecting surface. The concentrating profile spans at least an upper part of the redirecting surface and extending upto an operative upper edge of the redirecting surface and is configured to concentrate redirected rays corresponding to the rays that are incident obliquely sideways on the incident surface. The concentrating profile comprises operatively vertical flutings or operatively vertical reedings. 
     According to yet another aspect, in an embodiment, the redirecting prism has a composite convex profile on the transmitting surface thereof, having a series of geometrical protruding profiles along the horizontal length thereof. Each of the geometrical profiles has a first curvature in an operative top portion and a second curvature in an operative bottom portion. The first curvature has an operative vertical axis of curvature parallel to the transmitting surface and is configured to concentrate redirected rays corresponding to the rays that are incident obliquely sideways on the incident surface. The second curvature has an operative horizontal axis of curvature perpendicular to the transmitting surface and is configured to redirect towards the adjacent solar energy absorbing device, that component of the redirected rays which would get transmitted in a shadow region of the prism or transmitted back in the air or transmitted within the prism boundary, in the absence of the second curvature. 
     The redirecting prism of the present disclosure is made of a material with refractive index of 1.51, the material being selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic, styrene, polycarbonate, glass, styrene methyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, styrene, styrene acrylic copolymers or derivatives of these materials. 
     The present disclosure also envisages a redirecting prismatic wall, formed by vertically stacked, one on the top of another, any embodiment of the redirecting prism element as described hereinabove. 
     The configuration of adjacent prisms elements in said wall is defined to provide the edge corresponding to the third angle of one prism element in direct contact with the edge corresponding to the second angle of the other prism element. In another embodiment, adjacent elements in the wall are joined by means of a connecting element that connects the edge corresponding to the third angle of one prism element with the edge corresponding to the second angle of another prism element. 
     In an embodiment, the wall has a plurality of light redirecting prisms arranged in a flared in configuration, and the angle of flaring out per rising prism level is (x+ny)°, where ‘n’ is the level counted above the base level. In another embodiment, the wall has a plurality of light redirecting prisms arranged in a flared in configuration, and the angle of flaring in out per rising prism level (x-ny)°, where ‘x’ being the mounting angle of the prism whose input surface incident angle &gt;0° and where ‘n’ is the level counted above from this prism level. 
     The present disclosure further envisages a solar panel having a base, at least one photovoltaic cell fixed on the base, and at least one redirecting prism fixed on the base and positioned adjacent to the photovoltaic cell. The redirecting prism is configured to redirect incident parallel rays of light towards the photovoltaic cell. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the solar panel has at least two redirecting prisms placed on the base besides opposite peripheral edges of the photovoltaic cell. 
     The redirecting prisms incorporated in the solar panel are according to any of the embodiments described hereinabove. 
     The solar panel may also incorporate redirecting prismatic walls described hereinabove. 
     The redirecting prism is fixed on the base to provide a mounting angle defined between the redirecting surface and the plane of said base. The mounting angle is in the range of 60° to 70°. 
     The redirecting prism is fixed on the base to provide an incident surface tilt angle between the incident surface and the plane of the base. The incident surface tilt angle is in the range of 15° to 22°. 
     Preferably, the solar panel is installed to have the redirecting prisms with the elongate surfaces along the east-west direction, with the misalignment from the east-west direction ranging from 0° to 30°. 
     Typically, in the northern hemisphere, the solar panel is installed with a southward tilt corresponding to the latitude of the location, and in the southern hemisphere, the solar panel is installed with a northward tilt corresponding to the latitude of the location. 
     In an embodiment, the solar panel is installed to have the redirecting prism with the elongate surfaces along the East-West direction with the misalignment ranging from 0° to 30° wherein the solar panel is with a predetermined tilt corresponding to the latitude in the range of 0° to 45°. 
     In another embodiment, the solar panel has pairs of redirecting prisms installed in a gabled formation with the elongate surfaces along the east-west direction, with one redirecting prism on north side and the other redirecting prism on the south side of the gabled formation, with the solar panel having a tilt towards the north-south direction determined by the latitude of the location. 
     The solar panel, in an embodiment, comprises a plurality of solar modules, each solar module comprising a row of photovoltaic cells and a pair of symmetrically mounted redirecting prisms in gabled formation fixed in the space between adjacent photovoltaic cells, wherein a plurality of solar modules is supported on a horizontal frame in an array formation. 
     Ratio of the width of the incident surface to the width of the redirecting surface is in the range of 1:1.1 to 1:2. 
     Ratio of the gap between the peripheral edge of photovoltaic cell closer to the redirecting prism and the vertex of the truncated redirecting prism base that is closer to the photovoltaic cell and is 0-15% of the width of a photovoltaic cell, and the gap is generally 10mm wide. 
     In an embodiment, the photovoltaic cell of the present disclosure has a plurality of redirecting prism, wherein each of this redirecting prism is configured on the periphery of a photovoltaic cell array of the solar panel. The redirecting prism and the photovoltaic cell are enclosed inside a glass box that has a flat glass on the top and a glass wall that runs through the periphery of the solar panel, wherein one or more redirecting prisms are supported on the east-west sides of the glass box. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic cell of the present disclosure has a plurality of redirecting prisms, wherein each redirecting prism is configured on the periphery of a photovoltaic cell array of the solar panel and is mounted on either side of a photovoltaic cell array by means of a sealant or clamps and is configured to directly receive the incident sunlight and redirect towards the photovoltaic cell array. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING 
       A light redirecting prism, a wall composed of a plurality of light redirecting prisms and a solar panel incorporating the light redirecting prism/wall, of the present disclosure, will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which: 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a schematic cross-section of a light redirecting prism of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    shows the light redirecting prism of  FIG.  1    with a truncated bottom and a shadow region; 
         FIGS.  3 A,  3 B  illustrate a typical ray diagram of a light redirecting prism of an embodiment with a secondary redirecting profile consisting of three serrations or ridges provided on the transmitting surface; 
         FIGS.  3 C- 3 D  illustrate a typical light redirecting prism of an embodiment with a secondary redirecting profile provided on the redirecting surface; 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a redirecting prism provided with a concentrating profile and a secondary redirecting profile on the transmitting surface; 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a side view of a redirecting prism of  FIG.  4   ; 
         FIG.  6    illustrates a close-up view of a redirecting prism of  FIG.  4   ; 
         FIG.  7 A  represents a front view of one embodiment of a redirecting prismatic wall of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  7 B  represents a front view of another embodiment of a redirecting prismatic wall of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8    shows a front view of an embodiment of the flared-out redirecting prismatic wall of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  9    shows a front view of an embodiment of the flared-in redirecting prismatic wall of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  10    shows a front view of one embodiment of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly illustrating the redirection capability of north redirecting prismatic wall for an early morning winter sun; 
         FIG.  11    shows a front view of one embodiment of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly illustrating the redirection capability of south redirecting prismatic wall for an early morning summer sun; 
         FIG.  12    shows a front view of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly, illustrating the redirection capability of the top two levels of the south and north redirecting prismatic wall for an early morning equinox sun; 
         FIGS.  13 A-C  show the exploded view a light redirecting wall with a secondary redirecting profile consisting of three serrations or ridges present on the triangular protrusion as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  14 A  shows the ray tracing of equinox in a front view of redirecting prismatic wall unit according to an embodiment that has a completely flat and plain transmitting surface without any secondary redirecting profile in the form of a serrated profile or ridges; 
         FIG.  14 B  shows the redirection of equinox sun by a secondary redirecting profile in the form of the serrations or ridges on the transmitting surface of the redirecting prismatic wall units of  FIGS.  13 A-C ; 
         FIG.  14 C  shows a closeup view of TIR happening at  1402  surface and how  1405  helps in steering the sunlight towards the  1401 ; 
         FIG.  14 D  shows the top view of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly unit with protrusions that form a triangular wave pattern in the East-West direction as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIGS.  15 A,  15 B,  15 C  show the exploded view of the secondary redirected profile obtained by providing serrated edges made on a single triangular protrusion that was outlined in the  FIG.  14 D ; 
         FIGS.  16 A,  16 B,  16 C  show in the front view how equinox and winter sun is handled by a redirecting prismatic wall unit with serrated edges on the transmitting surface, as per an embodiment herein as per an embodiment shown in  FIGS.  15 A- 15 C ; 
         FIGS.  17 A,  17 B,  17 C  show the exploded view of the secondary redirected profile obtained by providing serrated edges that are made on a single triangular protrusion, as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIGS.  18 A,  18 B,  18 C,  18 D  show in the front view how equinox, summer and winter sun is handled by a redirecting prismatic wall unit with the serrated edges on the transmitting surface, as per an embodiment shown in  FIGS.  17 A- 17 C ; 
         FIGS.  19 A,  19 B,  19 C  show the top view of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly unit with semi-cylindrical protrusions that form a semi-circular wave pattern in the East-West direction as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIGS.  20 A,  20 B,  20 C  show the exploded view of the semi-cylindrical protrusions, as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIGS.  21 A,  21 B,  21 C  show in the front view how equinox and winter sun is handled by a redirecting prismatic wall unit with semi-cylindrical protrusions, as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIGS.  22 A,  22 B,  22 C  show the exploded view of the semi-cylindrical depression, as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIGS.  23 A,  23 B  show the top view of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly unit with semi-cylindrical depression that form a semi-circular wave pattern in the East-West direction as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  24    shows a front view of one embodiment of a solar panel with a redirecting prismatic wall unit where in the entire unit is enclosed inside a glass wall running around its periphery and a top glass covers the photovoltaic cells and the redirecting prismatic wall unit; 
         FIG.  25    shows a front view of the same embodiment of a solar panel with redirecting prismatic wall unit where in the top glass covers the photovoltaic cells alone and the redirecting prismatic wall unit is kept on either side of the photovoltaic cell; 
         FIG.  26    shows a close-up front view of a redirecting prismatic wall, as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIGS.  27 A,  27 B  show an isometric views of a solar panel with redirecting prismatic wall unit, as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  28    shows an isometric view of a single row of solar panel with redirecting prismatic wall unit, as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  29    shows the top view of one embodiment of a light deflector wall unit for a solar panel configuration of 12×6 with seventy-two half cut photovoltaic cells that also shows the series connection of the photovoltaic cell; 
         FIG.  30    shows an isometric view of a motionless optical unit for redirecting sunlight according to an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  31    shows light redirection in one of the deflector unit of a motionless optical unit for redirecting sunlight according to an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  32 A  shows a front view of an exemplary embodiment 1 of a motionless optical unit as per embodiments herein; 
         FIG.  32 B  shows a front view of an exemplary embodiment 2 of a motionless optical unit as per embodiments herein; 
         FIG.  32 C  shows a front view of an exemplary embodiment 3 of a motionless optical unit as per embodiments herein. It may be noted here that, the naming of embodiments in  FIG.  32 A,  32 B, and  32 C  are only done for illustrative purposes and are in no manner meant to limit the scope to only these three embodiments; 
         FIG.  33    shows an integrated solar panel of 36 cells with the motionless optical unit as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  34    shows a top view of a single row of an integrated solar panel containing 9 cells placed in continuous arrangement in an integrated solar panel of 36 cells with the motionless optical unit as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  35    shows a front view of a motionless optical unit depicting the redirection of a summer sunlight coming from North East direction in the morning to the solar cell as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  36    shows a front view of a motionless optical unit depicting the redirection of a winter sunlight coming from South East direction in the morning to the solar cell as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  37 A  shows a front view of a motionless optical unit having grooves in the deflector unit/s as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  37 B  shows a front view of a motionless optical unit depicting redirection of winter of winter sunlight by the deflector unit/s as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  37 C  shows a front view of a motionless optical unit depicting redirection of a summer sunlight by the deflector unit/s as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  37 D  shows a front view of a motionless optical unit depicting redirection of an equinox sunlight by the deflector unit/s as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  38    illustrates a cross sectional view of a contemporary solar panel with increasing heights between the top sunlight incident surface and the solar cells that results in losses of sunlight falling on the solar cell; 
         FIG.  39    illustrates an isometric view of a contemporary solar panel with increasing heights between the top sunlight incident surface and the solar cells and loss of sunlight falling on the solar cell; 
         FIG.  40    represents an incident sunlight falling on an inclined a solar cell and indicates the cosine losses occurred therefore as governed by Lambertian Cosine Law; 
         FIGS.  41 A- 41 D  illustrates a cross sectional view of a solar panel assembly for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIGS.  42 A- 42 D  illustrates a solar panel assembly with single solar cell for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIGS.  43 A- 43 D  illustrates a solar panel assembly with a row of 9 solar cells for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIGS.  44 A- 44 D  illustrates a solar panel assembly with 4 rows of 9 solar cells each for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  45    represents a diagram helpful for explaining mathematical formulation for extra area needed for a solar panel assembly for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application, as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  46    represents a diagram helpful for explaining mathematical formulation for extra area needed in a north-south direction for a solar panel assembly for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application, as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  47    represents a diagram helpful for explaining mathematical formulation for extra area needed in an east-west direction for a solar panel assembly for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application, as per an embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  48   , shows the path of sun rays chart that shows the variations of azimuth and elevation angle of sun throughout the year in Singapore; 
         FIGS.  49 A and  94 B  show the extra area g x  and g y  calculation respectively for Singapore sun, as per an exemplary embodiment herein; 
         FIG.  50    shows a graphical representation depicting the power generated by the solar panel, of the present disclosure, vs. the power generated by the conventional solar panel; 
         FIG.  51 A  shows a graphical representation of the current Vs. voltage generated by the solar panel, of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG.  51 B  shows a graphical representation of the current Vs. voltage generated by the conventional solar panel. 
     
    
    
     LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     light redirecting prism  100   
     first side/incident surface  101   
     second side/redirecting surface  102   
     third side/transmitting surface  103   
     first angle  104   
     second angle  105   
     third angle  106   
     light redirecting prism  200   
     incident surface  201   
     redirecting surface  202   
     transmitting surface  203   
     truncated bottom  207   
     shadow region  208   
     light redirecting prism  300   
     incident surface  301   
     redirecting surface  302   
     transmitting surface  303   
     mounting angle  308   
     light redirecting prism  400   
     operative upper edge  401   
     transmitting surface  403   
     prism element  701   
     photovoltaic cell  704   
     mounting angle  708   
     connecting element  715   
     top glass  802   
     photovoltaic cell  804   
     offset tilt angle  809   
     gap  805   
     mounting angle of bottommost prism unit  808   
     mounting angle of topmost prism unit  809   
     stacking pattern  810   
     tilt angle  811   
     top glass  902   
     mounting angle of bottommost prism unit  908   
     mounting angle of topmost prism unit  909   
     stacking pattern  910   
     surface tilt angle  911   
     prism unit  912   
     photovoltaic cell  1004   
     incident surface  1301   
     redirecting surface  1302   
     truncated surface  1303   
     transmitting surface  1304   
     plain region  1306   
     non-plain region  1307   
     triangular protrusion  1308   
     serrated profile  1309   
     angle of triangular profile  1310   
     angle of serration  1311   
     lower region  1312   
     photovoltaic cell  1401   
     incident surface profile  1403   
     triangular protrusion  14031   
     redirecting surface  1402   
     transmitting surface  1404   
     critical angle of triangular protrusion  1405   
     first surface of triangular protrusion  1406   
     second surface of triangular protrusion  1407   
     north redirecting prismatic wall unit  1408   
     south redirecting prismatic wall unit  1409   
     winter sunray  1410   
     incident surface  1501   
     redirecting surface  1502   
     transmitting surface  1504   
     angle of triangular protrusions  1505   
     length of transmitting surface  1506   
     parts of serrated profile  1508 ,  1509   
     angles of ridges  1510 ,  1511   
     topmost region of the redirecting prism  1512   
     middle region of secondary redirecting profile  1513   
     photovoltaic cell  1601   
     redirecting profile  1602   
     incident surface  1603   
     transmitting surface  1604   
     secondary redirecting profile  1605   
     lower region  1606   
     middle region  1607   
     incident surface  1701   
     redirecting surface  1702   
     truncated surface  1703   
     transmitting surface  1704   
     angle of triangular protrusion  1705   
     length of transmitting surface  1706   
     triangular protrusion  1708   
     ridge  1709   
     angle of ridge  1710   
     angle of triangular protrusion  1711   
     topmost region of redirecting prism  1712   
     middle region of redirecting prism  1713   
     lower topmost region of redirecting prism  1717   
     photovoltaic cell  1801   
     south redirecting prism  1802   
     north redirecting prism  1803   
     redirecting surface  1805   
     truncated surface  1806   
     upper portion of the transmitting surface  1807   
     middle portion of the transmitting surface  1808   
     lower portion of the transmitting surface  1809   
     rays of winter sunlight exiting redirecting prism  1810   
     rays of equinox sunlight exiting redirecting prism  1811   
     rays of summer sunlight exiting redirecting prism  1812   
     photovoltaic cell  1901   
     redirecting prismatic wall assembly  1902   
     concentrating profile  1903   
     degree of protrusion (bulge) of the concentrating profile  1904   
     semi-cylindrical protrusion  1905   
     diameter of concentrating cell  1906   
     points on semicylindrical profile  1907 ,  1908   
     vertical displacement  1909   
     incident surface  2001   
     redirecting surface  2002   
     transmitting surface  2004   
     truncated surface  2012   
     operative bottom portion of transmitting surface  2005   
     protrusion of the transmitting surface  2008   
     upper region of transmitting surface  2010   
     height of semi-cylindrical protrusion  2011   
     angle of second curvature of transmitting surface  2013   
     photovoltaic cell  2101   
     south redirecting prism  2103   
     north redirecting prism  2104   
     redirecting surface  2105   
     truncated surface  2106   
     semicylindrical concentrating profile  2108   
     rays exiting concentrating profile  2109   
     equinox sun rays exiting secondary redirecting profile  2111   
     incident surface  2201   
     redirecting surface  2202   
     truncated surface  2212   
     transmitting surface  2204   
     lower region of transmitting surface  2205   
     middle region of transmitting surface  2206   
     protrusion of transmitting surface  2208   
     upper region of transmitting surface  2210   
     height of the semicylindrical depression  2211   
     depression unit  2209   
     angle between surfaces  2208  and  2212   2213   
     photovoltaic cell  2301   
     redirecting prismatic wall assembly  2302   
     semicylindrical depression  2303   
     radius of semicylindrical depression  2304   
     gap between two adjacent semi-cylindrical depression  2306   
     sum of diameter of the shape  2303  and gap  2306   2305   
     solar panel  2400   
     south redirecting prismatic wall  2401   
     north redirecting prismatic wall  2402   
     side wall  2403   
     photovoltaic cell  2404   
     top glass  2405   
     bottom glass  2406   
     gap  2407   
     redirecting prismatic wall assembly  2500   
     south redirecting prism wall  2501   
     north redirecting prism wall  2502   
     photovoltaic cell  2505   
     top glass  2504   
     bottom glass  2506   
     redirecting prismatic wall assembly  2600   
     redirecting prismatic wall units of first set  2601 ,  2602   
     redirecting prismatic wall units of first set  2609 ,  2610   
     photovoltaic cell  2604   
     top glass  2605   
     bottom glass  2606   
     air gap  2607   
     glass piece  2608   
     span of top and bottom glasses  2611   
     length of glass piece  2612   
     photovoltaic cell  2701   
     peripheral redirecting prismatic walls  2702 ,  2704   
     gabled arrangement of redirecting prismatic wall units  2703   
     air gap  2705   
     glass piece  2707   
     photovoltaic cell rows  2708 ,  2709   
     length of glass piece  2711   
     photovoltaic cell  2801   
     redirecting prismatic wall unit  2802 ,  2803   
     solar panel  2900   
     photovoltaic cells  2902   
     redirecting prism wall units  2903   
     ‘−’ lead  2901   
     ‘+’ ve lead  2904   
     area extension of the top glass  2905   
     length of glass area  2907   
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting embodiments in the following description. Description of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practised and to further enable those of skill in the art to practise the embodiments herein. 
     Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiment herein. 
     The description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein. 
     The present disclosure envisages a light redirecting prism. The light redirecting prism has at least three elongate surfaces. The three elongate surfaces include an incident surface, a redirecting surface and a transmitting surface. The incident surface is configured to receive incident parallel rays of light. The redirecting surface is configured to perform total internal reflection of the light travelling from the incident surface through a predetermined range of angles and thus redirect the light. A first angle is defined between the incident surface and the transmitting surface. The transmitting surface is configured to transmit the redirected light at a predetermined angle out of the light redirecting prism and to direct the light towards a solar energy absorbing device. A second angle is defined between the incident surface and the redirecting surface, thus defining a third angle between the redirecting surface and the transmitting surface. 
     The light redirecting prism is configured to be used conjunction with various light absorbing devices such as solar photovoltaic cells. The light rays received by the incident surface, redirected by the redirected surface and transmitted by the transmitted surface of the light redirecting prism are cast upon the surface of the photovoltaic cell, as a supplement to the light rays that are directly incident upon the surface of the photovoltaic cell. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a schematic cross-section of a light redirecting prism  100  of the present disclosure. A first side  101  of the triangle represents the incident surface, a second side  102  represents the redirecting surface and a third side  103  represents the transmitting surface. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the light redirecting prism  100  has a first angle  104  in the range of 80°-110°, and is preferably 100°, and a second angle  105  in the range of 45°-55°, and is preferably 49°. 
     As shown in  FIG.  2   , the light redirecting prism  200  has a truncated bottom  207  for facilitating mounting of the light redirecting prism  200  on a base. Preferably, the ratio of width of the truncated bottom  207  to the width of the shadow region  208  is in the range of 1:10 to  1 : 15 . 
     In a preferred embodiment, the ratios of lengths of the incident surface  201 , redirecting surface  202  and the transmitting surface  203  to the width of the shadow region are 1.3:2.3:1.1 respectively. 
     According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the redirecting prism has a secondary redirecting profile on the transmitting surface. The secondary redirecting profile comprises at least ridge whose edge lies in a horizontal plane. The secondary redirecting profile spans at least a lower part of the transmitting surface and extends up to an operative lower edge of the transmitting surface. The secondary redirecting profile is provided along the length of the transmitting surface. The secondary redirecting profile is configured to redirect towards the adjacent solar energy absorbing device, that component of the redirected rays which would get transmitted in a shadow region of the prism or transmitted back in the air or transmitted within the prism boundary, in the absence of the secondary redirecting profile. The shadow region is that region below the redirecting prism between the lower edge of the transmitting surface of the prism and the corresponding solar energy absorbing device. More preferably, the secondary redirecting profile comprises a plurality of parallel ridges. Preferably, the secondary redirecting profile comprises a plurality of reedings or flutings having a plurality of semi-cylindrical protrusions or depressions respectively, with axes of said protrusions or said depressions parallel to the transmitting surface of said prism. 
       FIGS.  3 A,  3 B  illustrate a light redirecting prism  300  with a secondary redirecting profile  3031  defined on the transmitting surface  303 . The secondary redirecting profile  3031  comprises three serrations or ridges present on the triangular protrusion of the transmitting surface  303 . The ridges include an operative bottommost ridge positioned to redirect the bottommost ray redirected by the redirecting surface  302 , optimally for Equinox rays. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the redirecting prism has a secondary redirecting profile on the redirecting surface. The secondary redirecting profile comprises at least one ridge whose edge lies in a horizontal plane. The secondary redirecting profile spans at least a lower part of the redirecting surface and extends up to an operative lower edge of the redirecting surface. In an embodiment, the secondary redirecting profile extends over the entire redirecting surface. The secondary redirecting profile is provided along the length of the redirecting surface. The secondary redirecting profile is configured to redirect towards the adjacent solar energy absorbing device, that component of the redirected rays which would get transmitted in a shadow region of the prism or transmitted back in the air or transmitted within the prism boundary, in the absence of the secondary redirecting profile. More preferably, the secondary redirecting profile comprises a plurality of parallel ridges. Preferably, the secondary redirecting profile comprises a plurality of reedings or flutings having a plurality of semi-cylindrical protrusions or depressions respectively, with axes of said protrusions or said depressions parallel to the transmitting surface of said prism. 
       FIGS.  3 C- 3 D  illustrate a light redirecting wall incorporating an array of three light redirecting prism elements of an embodiment with a secondary redirecting profile provided on the redirecting surface of each light redirecting prism element, wherein  FIG.  3 C  shows a side view and  FIG.  3 D  shows an isometric view. The secondary redirecting profile  3022  formed by providing ridges running parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the light redirecting wall is the figures. 
     According to another aspect of the present disclosure, as shown in an exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  4   , the redirecting prism has a concentrating profile on the transmitting surface. The concentrating profile  4032  spans at least an upper part of the transmitting surface and extends up to an operative upper edge  401  of the transmitting surface. In a preferred embodiment, the concentrating profile comprises operatively vertical flutings or operatively vertical reedings. Alternatively, the redirecting prism has a concentrating profile on the redirecting surface. The concentrating profile spans at least an upper part of the redirecting surface and extends upto an operative upper edge of the redirecting surface. The concentrating profile is configured to concentrate redirected rays corresponding to the rays that are incident obliquely sideways on the incident surface. 
     It is to be noted that, although termed as ‘concentrating profile’, the concentrating profile has a focal point that is formed above the adjacent photovoltaic cell, and not on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, and further to the focal point, the diverging light falls on the photovoltaic cell. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  4   , the redirecting prism  400  is provided with a redirecting profile  4031  and a concentrating profile  4032  on the transmitting surface  403 . 
     The preferred embodiment is illustrated in  FIG.  4   , wherein the concentrating profile  4032  is formed of vertical sections of semi-cylindrical protrusions as shown in  FIG.  5   , or in a close-up view in  FIG.  6   . The concentrating profile  4032  can be imagined as a series of vertical sections of semi-cylindrical protrusions pasted along the elongated transmitting surface  403 . 
     According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the redirecting prism of the present disclosure has a composite convex profile on the transmitting surface thereof, having a series of geometrical protruding profiles along the length thereof. Each of the geometrical profiles has a first curvature in an operative top portion and a second curvature in an operative bottom portion. The first curvature has an operative vertical axis of curvature parallel to the transmitting surface and is configured to concentrate redirected rays corresponding to the rays that are incident obliquely sideways on the incident surface. The second curvature has an operative horizontal axis of curvature perpendicular to the transmitting surface and is configured to redirect towards the adjacent solar energy absorbing device, that component of the redirected rays which would get transmitted in a shadow region of the prism or transmitted back in the air or transmitted within the prism boundary, in the absence of the second curvature. 
     The redirecting prism of the present disclosure is made of a material with refractive index of 1.51, the material being selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic, styrene, polycarbonate, glass, styrene methyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, styrene, styrene acrylic copolymers or derivatives of these materials. 
     The present disclosure also envisages a redirecting prismatic wall, formed by vertically stacked, one on the top of another, prism elements according to the various embodiments described hereinabove. The configuration of adjacent prisms elements in the wall is defined to provide the edge corresponding to the third angle of one prism element in contact with the edge corresponding to the second angle of the other prism element, as illustrated through  FIGS.  7 - 12   . 
       FIG.  7 A  represents a front view of one embodiment of a redirecting prismatic wall. According to this embodiment, two parallel redirecting prismatic walls are placed on either side of a photovoltaic cell  704 . The one in the north direction referred to be ‘north redirecting prismatic wall’ henceforth and the other in south direction referred to be ‘south redirecting prismatic wall’ henceforth. The north redirecting prismatic wall and south redirecting prismatic wall terminology may not necessarily mean that that the wall assembly is placed on exact north or exact south. Rather, they might cover north-west — north-east, or south-east—south-west respectively.  FIG.  7 A  shows a wall with three redirecting prisms each having a triangular cross section, stacked over each other to obtain each of the redirecting prismatic walls. Embodiments with a number of such elements stacked up in a certain geometry may be possible and each redirecting prismatic wall can be of triangular, polygonal or cylinder cross-section or any other combination of the same. 
     In another embodiment as illustrated in  FIG.  7 B , adjacent elements  701  in the wall are joined by means of a connecting element  715  that connects the edge corresponding to the third angle of one prism element  701  with the edge corresponding to the second angle of another prism element  701 . 
     In an aspect of the various embodiments, the incident surface of the redirecting prismatic wall units in  FIG.  7 A  or  FIG.  7 B  instead of being placed flat parallel to horizontal plane, are slightly tilted down with respect to the horizontal plane of the photovoltaic cell by specific angle in the clockwise direction. In other words, the wall has a plurality of redirecting prism elements arranged in a flared-out configuration with a plurality of levels each having a prism element, and the angle of flaring in per rising prism level is +y° and thus, mounting angle of the n th  prism level is (x+ny)°, where ‘n’ is the level counted above the base level and ‘x’ is the mounting angle  708  of the base level. In one embodiment, y degrees may be 2°, other embodiments with angles varying from 0° to 10° may be provided.  FIG.  8    illustrates the flared-out configuration. In an exemplary embodiment the incident surface of the bottom most prism is kept at an incident surface tilt angle  811  of 17.6°. The incident surface angle  811  may be provided for increased exposure of the incident surface to the sunlight for the sunlight incident obliquely sideways on the incident surface. Another example for  811  may be 15° and 22°. And in one embodiment, the mounting angle  808  is 65° and the angle  809  due to flaring out, is 49°. 
     The increasing mounting angles from lower level to upper level may cause the sunlight that might otherwise have been obstructed by the subsequent lower level to reach the photovoltaic cell  804 . This may increase the efficiency of the light deflection wall assembly. 
     Alternatively, the wall has a flared-in configuration, and the angle of flaring in per rising prism level is −y° and thus, mounting angle of the n th  prism level is (x-ny)°, where ‘n’ is the level counted above  912  and ‘x’ is the mounting angle of the prism unit  912  shown by  908 .  FIG.  9    illustrates the flared-in configuration. In shown in  FIG.  9   , the incident surface tilt angle  911  is typically 17.6° and Another example for  911  may be 15° and 22°. And in one embodiment, the mounting  908  is 70° and the angle  909  due to flaring in, is 49°. In one embodiment y may be 2° and is others varies from 0° to 10°. 
     In an embodiment, while the height of the redirecting prismatic wall unit of the present disclosure is kept constant, the parameter ‘n’, i.e., the number of prism levels, can be theoretically increased to a very large number. As a result, the thickness of an individual redirecting prism unit at every level can decrease to a very small magnitude. Such a significantly thin redirecting prismatic wall would have considerably low weight. 
     The redirecting prismatic wall units can also be stacked following a certain pattern of flare out or flare in structure when viewed from the front in order to segregate the seasonal handling of sunlight. In certain embodiment, one or more levels of redirecting prismatic wall units can be positioned at a different incident surface tilt angle  911  to improve the handling of sunlight that is incident perpendicular on the top glass  902 . 
     The present disclosure further envisages a solar panel having a base, at least one solar radiation absorption device such as a photovoltaic cell and at least one redirecting prism in accordance with an embodiment as described above. The photovoltaic cell is fixed on the base. The redirecting prism is fixed on the base and is positioned adjacent to the photovoltaic cell. The redirecting prism is configured to redirect incident parallel rays of light towards the photovoltaic cell. 
     The redirecting prism may be a singular prism element, or a redirecting prismatic wall as described above. The various embodiments have been illustrated through various Figures. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the solar panel comprises at least two redirecting prisms placed on the base along the opposite peripheral edges of the photovoltaic cell. 
     Each redirecting prism is fixed on the base to define a mounting angle between the redirecting surface and the plane of the base. The mounting angle is in the range of 60° to 70°. 
     Further, the redirecting prism is fixed on the base to provide an incident surface tilt angle between the incident surface and the plane of the base. The incident surface tilt angle is in the range of 15° to 22°. 
     Preferably, the solar panel is installed to have the redirecting prism oriented in an east-west direction with the misalignment from the east-west direction ranging from 0° to 30°. 
     Typically, in the northern hemisphere, the solar panel is installed with a southward tilt, wherein the angle of the southward tilt is equal to the latitude of the location. In contrast, in the southern hemisphere, the solar panel is installed with a northward tilt, wherein the angle of the northward tilt is equal to the latitude of the location. 
     As would be evident from the various illustrations, the solar panel has a row of photovoltaic cells and a pair of symmetrically mounted redirecting prisms in gabled formation fixed in the space between adjacent photovoltaic cells. 
     Further, each level of the redirecting prismatic wall unit in  FIG.  7    may be optimally positioned at a specific mounting angle  708 . In an exemplary embodiment, the  708  may be equal to 65° with respect to the horizontal plane of the photovoltaic cell. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8   , the various levels of redirecting prismatic wall unit may be stacked along a certain stacking pattern  810 . In one embodiment the stacking pattern may be such that the bottom level is at a mounting angle of x degrees shown as  808 , while the next upper levels are at an increasing angle of (x+y)° and (x+ 2 y)° and so on. In one embodiment y degrees may be 2°, other embodiments with angles varying from 0° to 10° may be provided. Further levels (in this exemplary embodiment the upper two levels of redirecting prismatic wall units) may be flared wherein the redirecting surface of the top prism unit is kept at a decreased mounting angle  809  with respect to the horizontal plane to form a flare-out structure along the top. Hence, making the mounting angle of (x+3y−z), where z is the decrease in the mounting angle for the upper two levels. Also, the incident surface of the prism in the upper two levels are kept parallel to horizontal plane causing the incident surface tilt angle to be at 0°, to work best for sunlight during equinox. In an exemplary embodiment, the top two levels of redirecting prismatic wall unit may be kept at a mounting angle  809  of 49° with respect to the horizontal, while the bottom most prism unit has a mounting angle  808  of 65°. 
       FIG.  9    shows a front view of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly, consisting of a vertically stacked arrangement of five elongated redirecting prismatic units in a bowl like structure (alternatively referred to as flaring-in, occurring along the bottom). In  FIG.  9   , the various levels of redirecting prismatic wall unit may be stacked along a certain stacking pattern  910 . In one embodiment the stacking pattern may be such that the prism unit  912  is at a mounting angle  908  of x°, while the next two upper levels are at a decreasing angle of (x−y)° and (x−2y)° respectively. In one embodiment y may be 2°, other embodiments with angles varying from 0° to 10° may be provided. In this exemplary embodiment the bottom most level of redirecting prismatic wall units may be flared in wherein the redirecting surface of the bottom prism is kept at a decreased mounting angle  909  with respect to the horizontal plane to form a flare-in or bowl-like structure along the bottom. Hence, making the mounting angle at (x−3y−z), where z is the decrease in the mounting angles for bottom most level. Also, the incident surface of the prism present in the bottom most level and one level above it are kept parallel to horizontal plane causing the incident surface tilt angle to be at 0°, to work best for sunlight during equinox. In an exemplary embodiment the bottom most levels of redirecting prismatic wall unit may be kept at a mounting angle  909  of 49°, while the topmost prism is kept at a mounting angle  908  of 71°. 
       FIG.  10    shows a front view of one embodiment of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly illustrating the redirection capability of north redirecting prismatic wall for an early morning winter sun. Each level of redirecting prismatic wall unit redirects the winter sunlight on different regions of the photovoltaic cell  1004  lying below. 
       FIG.  11    shows a front view of one embodiment of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly illustrating the redirection capability of south redirecting prismatic wall for an early morning summer sun. The south redirecting prismatic wall may cater more to the summer sun while the north redirecting prismatic wall may cater more to the winter sun. 
     The north redirecting prismatic wall and South redirecting prismatic wall may be positioned after giving an extra gap  805  from the photovoltaic cell  804  to ensure that sunlight from the top glass  802  is not hindered by the redirecting prismatic wall units. The redirecting prismatic wall units are positioned on the either side of the series of photovoltaic cells that are placed continuously in the East to West direction. The placement in east to west terminology may not necessarily mean that the redirecting prismatic wall units are placed on exact east to west direction. Rather, they might be misaligned from east-west by 0° to 30°. 
       FIG.  12    shows a front view of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly, consisting of a vertically stacked arrangement of five elongated redirecting prismatic units in a flare-out from the top structure, illustrating the redirection capability of the top two levels of the south and north redirecting prismatic wall for an early morning equinox sun when the sun hits the redirecting prismatic wall perpendicularly. This design is efficient for sunlight falling in perpendicular direction on the redirecting prismatic wall. 
     As a single level of the redirecting prismatic wall unit cannot be designed to cater equally well for winter and equinox sun, the levels of the prisms can be separated to cater to different seasons. The flaring in at the bottom captures the equinox sunshine which fails to get redirected from the upper levels. There can be other specialized embodiments possible when stacking the redirecting prismatic wall units one above the other to any number of levels to assume flare in, flare out or any other curvilinear shape possible to give seasonal improvement as against annual improvements for the better redirection of sunlight towards the photovoltaic cell. 
       FIGS.  13 A-C  show the exploded view of a secondary redirecting profile on a single triangular protrusion pattern as per an embodiment herein. This view shows the secondary redirecting profile defined by a serrated profile or ridges (which may be used interchangeably) present in the triangular protrusion on a transmitting surface of a redirecting prismatic wall. The various surfaces of the light redirecting prism are represented in  FIG.  13 A  by  1301  (incident surface),  1302  (redirecting surface),  1303  (truncated surface), and  1304  (transmitting surface). The transmitting surface  1304  consist of two regions  1306  which is plain and  1307  which is formed by co-joining surfaces  1308  and  1309 . The serrated profile  1309  consists of three V-shaped steps co-joined to form a staircase pattern. The triangular protrusion  1308  may be attached to the flat surface  1304 . The angle  1310  dictates how much this triangle may be protruded. As shown in 
       FIG.  13 B , the angle  1311  of part  1309  plays a critical role in ensuring the exiting TIR ray from  1302  exits the redirecting prismatic wall unit towards the photovoltaic cell during equinox. One exemplary embodiment of 1311 is 35°. Various other exemplary ranges may exist: (exemplarily 30°-40°).  FIG.  13 C  further which shows the complete formation of a single triangular protrusion with serrated profile in the lower region of the transmitting surface of the redirecting prismatic wall. The  1312  is the lower region of the redirecting prismatic wall unit which may be responsible for efficient redirection of the sunlight coming from  1302  towards the photovoltaic cell.  1312  is formed by super-imposing part  1309  over  1308 . The part  1312  is a single triangular protrusion on the transmitting surface which has the secondary redirecting profile defined by three ridges. 
       FIG.  14 A  shows the ray tracing of equinox in a front view of redirecting prismatic wall unit.  FIG.  14 B  shows the redirection of equinox sun by serrated profile or ridges of the redirecting prismatic wall units. The equinox sun incident on  1403  undergoes TIR at  1402  (redirecting surface) and exits the redirecting prismatic wall at  1404  (transmitting surface).  FIG.  14 A  shows an embodiment that has a completely flat and plain transmitting surface  1404  without any secondary redirecting profile. As seen in  FIG.  14 A , in the absence of the secondary redirecting profile, the sunrays that have undergone total internal reflection at  1402  fail to fall on the photovoltaic cell  1401  and may be thus wasted as it falls downward in the shadow region of the prism. But in  FIG.  14 B  we see that the serrated profile  1405  on  1404  helps in steering the redirected sunrays towards the photovoltaic cell  1401 , thereby increasing the module efficiency.  FIG.  14 C  shows a closeup view of TIR happening at  1402  surface and how  1405  helps in steering the sunlight towards the  1401 . 
     The view  1  of  FIG.  14 D  shows the ray tracing of equinox sun in a top view of a redirecting prismatic wall unit with a transmitting surface that is plain without any secondary redirecting profile as per an embodiment herein. The south and north redirecting prismatic wall units ( 1409  and  1408  respectively) may be configured to redirect light towards the photovoltaic cell  1401 . An equinox sunlight may fall on  1409  at the point  1403  and fails to fall on  1401  after redirection and instead falls at a faraway photovoltaic cell at point  1404 . The displacement distance of the redirected sunlight in direction B is  1405 . Similarly, in view  2  of  FIG.  14 D  shows redirecting prismatic wall unit  1409  with the secondary redirecting profile defined by a triangular protrusion provided with a serrated profile marked by  1410 . The south and north redirecting prismatic wall units ( 1409  and  1408  respectively) may be configured to redirect light towards the photovoltaic cell  1401 . It shows an equinox sunlight falls on  1409  at the point  1403  and gets redirected and is incident at the point  1406  that lies on  1401 . The redirected sunlight in direction B may have a displacement distance  1407 . The displacement distance  1407  may be lesser than  1405 . Thus, redirecting prismatic wall with triangular protrusion wave pattern reduces the need for redirecting prismatic wall unit extension in the East-West direction and saves precious space. 
     The top view  1  of  FIG.  14 E  is one embodiment of a redirecting prism with a secondary redirecting profile  1403  that forms a triangular wave pattern (in Direction B i.e., East-West) at the transmitting surface facing the photovoltaic cell  1401  thereof. 
     The view  2  of  FIG.  14 E  shows the magnified view of the triangular protrusions when viewed from top. As shown in view  3  of  FIG.  14 E , the triangular protrusions may have two surfaces ( 1406  and  1407 ). The triangular protrusion makes a critical angle of 45° as indicated by  1405 . Various other ranges may exist: (exemplarily 40°-50°). The angle between two triangular protrusion is 90° in one embodiment as indicated by  1404 . Various other ranges may exist: (exemplarily (85°-95°). The critical angle  1405  is required to ensure that a winter sunray  1410  moves parallel to the surface  1406  before hitting surface  1407 . In one embodiment, the angle  1405  may be 45°. This configuration of the angle also ensures that winter morning sunlight is incident mainly on  1407  before exiting  1402  and a winter afternoon sunlight is incident mainly on  1406  before exiting  1402 . Thus, the angle of  1405  expands the acceptance range of azimuth angles handled by redirecting prismatic wall unit in a day which is morning sunlight azimuth of 80-100° and evening sunlight azimuth of 260-280°. 
       FIG.  14 A-E  illustrates the significance of having a secondary redirecting profile on the transmitting surface of redirecting prismatic wall  1402  that help better steering of sunlight towards photovoltaic cell  1401 , as per an embodiment herein. The secondary redirecting profile forms a triangular wave like pattern running from East to West direction and contains three operative ridges or serrated profile present on the triangular protrusion of the transmitting surface as viewed in  FIGS.  14 A-C . The embodiment enables efficient steering of sunlight towards  1401  for all seasons. 
       FIGS.  15 A-C  show the exploded view of another embodiment herein of a secondary redirecting profile that is provided on the transmitting surface. This view clearly shows the multiple ridges present on the triangular protrusion shown in  FIG.  14   . The various surfaces of the redirecting prismatic wall are represented in  FIG.  15 A  by  1501  (incident surface),  1502  (redirecting surface),  1503  (truncated surface), and  1504  (transmitting surface). The ridges run though the length  1506  of  1504  and is formed by co-joining surfaces  1508  and  1509 . The part  1509  which we call as ridges or serrated profile consists of six V-shaped steps co-joined to form a staircase pattern. The part  1508  is triangular protrusion attached to the transmitting surface  1504 . The angle  1505  may be used to configure the triangular protrusions. This has elements similar to that explained in reference to  FIG.  13 A-C . In one exemplary embodiment, the angle  1505  may be 45°. As shown in  FIG.  15 B , an important angle of the secondary redirecting profile in the lower region  1514  is  1510  and this plays a critical role in ensuring that equinox sunlight is steered towards the photovoltaic cell. In one exemplary embodiment  1510  may be 35°. Various other ranges of  1510  may exist: (exemplarily 30°-40°). The ridges configured using angle  1510  however may not cater well to the other seasons. The ridges in the secondary redirecting profile in the middle region  1513  may have a different angle  1515 . The ridges configured with this angle plays a critical role in ensuring that sunlight for months other than equinox and winter is steered towards  1501  effectively. In one exemplary embodiment  1511  is 10°. Various other ranges of  1511  may exist: (exemplarily 5°-15°). 
     The  FIG.  15 C  further shows the complete formation of a secondary redirecting profile with ridges running through the length  1506  of the transmitting surface of the redirecting prism as per an embodiment herein. The  1512  is the topmost region of the redirecting prism which does not contain secondary redirecting profile or any superimposed part  1509  and this region is responsible for efficient steering of winter sunlight towards the photovoltaic cell. The  1514  is the lower region of the redirecting prismatic wall unit which is responsible for efficient steering of equinox sunlight towards the photovoltaic cell. The  1513  is the middle region of the redirecting prismatic wall unit which is responsible for efficient redirection of all sunlight for the rest of the year aside from equinox months and winter/summer towards the photovoltaic cell. The secondary redirecting profile shown in  FIG.  15 C  may be similar to the one explained in reference to  FIG.  13 C . 
       FIG.  16 A  shows the ray tracing of equinox in a front view of redirecting prismatic wall unit as per an embodiment herein. The equinox sun incident on  1603  undergoes TIR at  1602  (redirecting surface) and exits the redirecting prismatic wall at  1604  (transmitting surface) and falls on photovoltaic cell  1601 . As seen in  FIG.  16 A , the concentrating profile on  1605  help in steering the redirected sunrays towards the photovoltaic cell  1601  optimally for equinox month, thereby increasing the module efficiency. Both redirecting prism units may participate in steering the equinox sunlight towards  1601 .  FIG.  16 B  shows the zoomed view of the TIR happening at  1602  for an equinox sun and how the redirected rays exit from the lower region  1606  towards  1601 .  FIG.  16 C  shows a closeup view of TIR of winter sunlight happening at  1602  surface and how the serrated profile in the upper and middle region ( 1607 ) helps in pushing the sunlight towards the  1601 . 
       FIGS.  17 A-C  show the exploded view of another secondary redirecting profile shown in  FIGS.  15 A-C  as per an embodiment herein. This view in  FIG.  17 A  clearly shows the multiple ridges  1709  present on the triangular protrusion  1708 . The various surfaces of the redirecting prismatic wall are represented in  FIG.  17 A  by  1701  (incident surface),  1702  (redirecting surface),  1703  (truncated surface), and  1704  (transmitting surface). The ridges run though the length  1706  of  1704  and is formed by co-joining surfaces  1708  and  1709 . The part  1709 , which is termed as ridges, consists of four V-shaped steps co-joined to form a staircase like pattern. The part  1708  is triangular protrusion of the transmitting surface  1704 . The angle  1705  helps configuring the extension of protrusion. In one exemplary embodiment the angle  1705  may be 45°. Various other ranges may exist: (exemplarily 40°-50°). As shown in  FIG.  17 B , an important angle of the ridges in the lower region  1717  is  1710  and this plays a critical role in ensuring that equinox sunlight is steered towards  1704 . In one exemplary embodiment of  1710  may be 35°. Various other exemplary ranges may exist: (30°-40°). The ridges with angle  1710  however may not provide desired results for other seasons. A different angle  1711  for the ridges in the middle region  1713  may thus be configured and these contain different angle  1711  to ensure that sunlight for months other than equinox and winter is steered towards the photovoltaic cell effectively. In one exemplary embodiment  1711  may be 5°. Various other ranges may exist: (exemplarily 1°-10°). The  FIG.  17 C  further shows the complete formation of a secondary redirecting profile with ridges running through the length  1706  of the transmitting surface of the redirecting prism. The  1712  is the topmost region of the redirecting prismatic wall unit in one embodiment may not contain a secondary redirecting profile and this region is responsible for efficient steering of winter sunlight towards  1704 . The  1717  is the lower region of the redirecting prism which is responsible for efficient steering of equinox sunlight towards  1704 . The  1713  is the middle region of the redirecting prismatic wall unit which is responsible for efficient redirection of all sunlight for the rest of the year aside from equinox months and winter towards  1704 . 
       FIG.  18 A  shows redirection of winter sunlight in an embodiment of redirecting prismatic wall as per an embodiment herein.  1802  is the south redirecting prismatic wall unit and  1803  is the north redirecting prismatic wall unit. The north redirecting prismatic wall unit  1803  may be primarily responsible for steering the winter sunlight towards the photovoltaic cell  1801 . The various surface of  1803  is represented in  FIG.  18 A  by  1805  (redirecting surface),  1806  (truncated surface), and  1807  (transmitting surface) which has a secondary redirecting profile which consists of two ridges  1808  and  1809 .  FIG.  18 B-D  shows closeup view of the secondary redirecting profile in an embodiment of redirecting prism handling all seasons.  FIG.  18 B  shows the ray tracing of winter sun inside  1803 . The winter sunlight falls on the redirecting surface  1805  and undergoes TIR here and falls on the upper portion  1807  of the transmitting surface of redirecting prism which is left plain without secondary redirecting profile. This is configured for the winter sunlight which exits redirecting prism as denoted by rays named  1810 .  FIG.  18 C  shows the redirection of equinox sun by concentrating profile present in the lower region  1809  of  1803 . Both the redirecting prisms  1802  and  1803  participate in the redirection of the equinox sunlight. The equinox sunlight undergoes TIR at  1805  (redirecting surface) and exits the transmitting rays as denoted by rays named  1811 .  FIG.  18 D  shows the ray tracing of summer sunlight inside  1802 . The upper portion  1807  of the transmitting surface of redirecting prism which is left plain without a secondary redirecting profile is configured to cater to the summer sunlight and falls on the photovoltaic cell as denoted by rays named  1812 , thereby increasing the module efficiency. The ridges of the secondary redirecting profile present in the middle region  1808  may be configured to cater to all other seasons except equinox, summer, and winter months. However, as seen in  FIG.  18 B-D  it also handles some days of equinox and winter/summer months to steer sunlight towards the photovoltaic cell. 
     The  FIGS.  19 A-C  shows the top view of light redirection done by the secondary redirecting profile present on the transmitting surface of the light redirecting prism.  FIG.  19 A  as per an embodiment shows the top view of one embodiment of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly  1902  with a concentrating profile  1903  on the transmitting surface that forms a semi-circular wave pattern (in direction B i.e., East-West) when viewed from the top. Although the semicylindrical concentrating profile has a convex shape and acts as a concentrating lens, the focal point of the redirected sunlight is midway in the space between the prism and the photovoltaic cell. Thus, only redirected sunlight reaches the photovoltaic cell in a diffused fashion and there is no concentration of sunlight on the photovoltaic cell. 
       FIG.  19 B  shows the exploded view of the same concentrating profile  1903  shown in view  1  as per an embodiment herein. The concentrating profile has a semi-cylindrical protrusion shape.  1904  dictates the degree of protrusion (bulge) of the concentrating profile. This is dictated by the location of the operative vertical axis of semicylindrical protrusion and in the said embodiment it is parallel to the transmitting surface. 
     In one exemplary embodiment this distance  1904  is 4 mm. Various other ranges may exist: (exemplarily 0.1-6 mm). We can have a placement gap between two adjacent semi-cylindrical protrusion denoted as  1905 . This may help to ensure that a ray exiting from one semicylindrical protrusion does not fall on the neighboring one. One exemplary embodiment of  1905  is 1 mm. Various other ranges may exist: (exemplarily 0.1-5 mm).  1906  is the diameter of the shape  1903 . One exemplary embodiment of  1906  is 10 mm. Various other exemplary ranges may exist: (0.1-20 mm). 
       FIG.  19 C  shows the redirection of equinox sunray by  1903  as per an embodiment herein. We see that the sunlight incident at point  1907  on the semicylindrical concentrating profile is steered towards point  1908  that lies on the photovoltaic cell  1901 . There is only slight vertical displacement of  1909  from the point  1907  to  1908  measured in direction B. Thus, the semi-cylindrical protrusions help in steering the sunlight effectively towards  1901  at the closest point with respect to the transmitting surface of the redirecting prism and minimizes the extra area requirement in the East-West direction for redirection. 
       FIGS.  20 A-C  show the exploded view of the semi-cylindrical concentrating profile embedded on the transmitting surface of the redirecting prism as per an embodiment herein.  FIG.  20 A  shows the various surface of the redirecting prismatic wall are represented in  FIG.  20 A  by  2001  (incident surface),  2002  (redirecting surface),  2012  (truncated surface) and  2004  (transmitting surface). 
     The transmitting surface  2004  of the redirecting prism has a composite convex profile consisting of three regions, the upper region  2010  which is a flat portion, a first curvature in an operative top portion  2006  which is a semicylindrical profile and acts as a concentrating profile and a second curvature in an operative bottom portion  2005  which is a protrusion of the transmitting surface shown by  2008  and this region acts as a secondary redirecting profile. The part  2009  is superimposed in the upper region  2006  of the transmitting surface. The resultant assembled shape of redirecting prism is shown in  FIG.  20 B . The concentrating profile spans at least an upper part of the  2006  and extending upto an operative upper edge of the transmitting surface denoted by  2010 . The concentrating profile comprises operatively vertical flutings or operatively vertical reedings. 
     In one exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  20 B , there is a gap of  2010  for the concentrating profile as measured from  2001 . This gap, for placing the semi-cylindrical protrusion on  2005 , is given to allow the winter sunlight to exit uninterrupted towards the photovoltaic cell.  2011  is the height of the semi-cylindrical protrusion. There can be various embodiments of height of  2011  which can extend towards  2001  or may extend downward towards  2005 . The  FIG.  20 C  shows the side view of the redirecting prism with a concentrating profile shown in  FIG.  20 B .  2013  is the angle of the second curvature that exist on the transmitting surface.  2013  is the angle between the two surfaces  2008  and  2012 . 
     This angle ensures that the equinox sunlight that undergoes TIR at  2002  is steered towards the photovoltaic cell. One exemplary embodiment of  2013  is 105°. Various other ranges may exist: (exemplarily 100°-110°). 
       FIG.  21 A  shows redirection of winter sunlight in an embodiment of redirecting prism as per an embodiment herein.  2103  is the south redirecting prism and  2104  is the north redirecting prism. Ray tracing inside the  2104  which is primarily responsible for steering the winter sunlight towards the photovoltaic cell  2101  may be seen. The various surfaces of  2104  are represented in  FIG.  21 A  by  2105  (redirecting surface),  2106  (truncated surface), and  2108  is the semicylindrical concentrating profile on the transmitting surface.  FIG.  21 B-C  shows closeup view of semicylindrical protrusion in an embodiment of redirecting prism handling all seasons.  FIG.  21 B  shows the ray tracing of winter sun inside  2104 . The winter sunlight falls on the redirecting surface  2105  and undergoes TIR here and falls on  2108  which steers it towards the photovoltaic cell. The rays exiting  2108  are shown as  2109  in  FIG.  21 B .  FIG.  21 C  shows the redirection of equinox sun by the concentrating profile of  2104 . Both the redirecting prism units  2103  and  2104  participate in the redirection of the equinox sunlight. The equinox sunlight undergoes TIR at  2105  (redirecting surface) and exits  2104  and is steered towards  2101  as denoted by rays named  2111 . 
       FIGS.  22 A-C  shows a new embodiment of secondary redirecting surface which is concave in shape and is a diverging profile on the transmitting surface of the redirecting prism.  FIGS.  22 A-C  show the exploded view of the semi-cylindrical depression carved on the redirecting prism as per an embodiment herein.  FIG.  22 A  shows the various surface of the redirecting prismatic wall are represented in  FIG.  22 A  by  2201  (incident surface),  2202  (redirecting surface),  2212  (truncated surface) and  2204  (transmitting surface). The transmitting surface  2204  has a diverging profile consisting of three regions: the lower region  2205  which is a protrusion of the transmitting surface denoted by  2208 , the middle region  2206  having a diverging profile and the upper region  2210  which has a flat surface. 
     The diverging profile spans at least an upper part of the  2206  and extending upto an operative upper edge of the transmitting surface denoted by  2010 . The diverging profile comprises operatively vertical depressions or operatively vertical reedings. The depressions on  2206  is created by subtracting a volume equal to the block volume  2209  from the upper region  2206  of  2204 . The resultant assembled shape of diverging profile is shown in  FIG.  22 B .  2210  is the distance of the semi-cylindrical diverging profile as measured from  2201 . This gap to place the semi-cylindrical depression on  2205  helps to ensure that the winter sunlight falls on the photovoltaic cell in an uninterrupted manner and is not obstructed by the depression made.  2211  is the height of the semicylindrical depression created. There can be various embodiments wherein the depression unit  2209  may extend upwards towards surface  2201  or may extend downward towards  2205 . The  FIG.  22 C  shows the side view of the diverging profile on the transmitting surface shown in  FIG.  22 B .  2213  is the angle between the two surfaces  2208  and  2212 . This may help ensure that the equinox sunlight that undergoes TIR at  2202  is steered towards the photovoltaic cell. This is enabled by the presence of the obtuse angle  2213 . In one exemplary embodiment  2213  may be 105°. Various other ranges may exist: (exemplary 100°-110°).  FIGS.  23 A-B  shows the top of the concentrating profile explained in  FIG.  22   . As seen in the top view, the.  FIG.  23 A  shows the top view of one embodiment of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly  2302  with depressions on the transmitting surface that forms a semicircular wave pattern (in direction B exemplarily East-West) on the transmitting surface facing the photovoltaic cell  2301  thereof, as per an embodiment herein. 
       FIG.  23 B  shows the magnified view of the same semicylindrical depression  2303  shown in  FIG.  23 A . The radius of the semi-cylindrical depression  2304  dictates the depth of the semi-cylindrical depression. This is dictated by axis of the shape  2303 . In the said embodiment the operative vertical axis of the semicylindrical depression is parallel to the transmitting surface of the redirecting prism.  2304  is the radius of the shape  2303  and in one exemplary embodiment this is 4 mm. Various other ranges may exist: (exemplarily 0.1-6 mm).  2306  is the gap between two adjacent semi-cylindrical depression which helps ensure that a ray exiting from one semicylindrical depression does not fall on the neighboring one. One exemplary embodiment of  2306  is 1 mm. Various other exemplary ranges may exist: (0.1-5 mm).  2305  is the sum of diameter of the shape  2303  and neighbor gap  2306  as viewed from the top. In one exemplary embodiment of  2305  is 10 mm. Various other ranges may exist: (exemplary 0.1-20 mm). Depending on various factors including efficiency and manufacturing capability the depression on the transmitting surface can be made of varying radius. 
     Thus, optimal surface topography for the secondary redirecting profile on the transmitting surface or the redirecting surface of the light redirecting unit can be made such that light is redirected maximally to the photovoltaic cell by TIR. In various embodiments, the TIR sunlight reaches the photovoltaic cell effectively and there by increases the solar panel energy generation. 
     As a person in the field of art may realize, a redirecting prism with a secondary redirecting profile (ridges) enables a single light deflection unit to work for the largest possible azimuth range of the incident sunlight, i.e., it can effectively handle sunlight for various seasons across the year, namely, summer, winter and equinox. This saves the need to handle different seasons with separate dedicated units of light redirecting prism and effectively saves extra cost and extra area required. 
     In a less preferred embodiment, which is illustrated in  FIG.  24   , the redirecting prism of the present disclosure is configured on the periphery of a photovoltaic cell array of a solar panel, wherein the redirecting prism and the photovoltaic cell are enclosed inside a glass box that has a flat glass on the top and a glass wall that runs through the periphery of the solar panel, wherein one or more redirecting prisms are supported on the east-west sides of the glass box. However, presence of an enclosure leads to accumulation of heat due to Greenhouse effect. Due to excessive heating of the photovoltaic cells enclosed therein, over a period, the efficiency of the photovoltaic cells drops. 
       FIG.  24    shows an arrangement of a solar panel with redirecting prism wall assembly where in the entire unit  2400  is an enclosed model inside a glass box such that side wall  2403  runs all through the boundary of the solar panel as a single enclosing glass wall. According to this embodiment, two parallel and symmetrical redirecting prismatic walls are placed on either side of a photovoltaic cell  2404  that form a gabled formation fixed in the space between adjacent rows of photovoltaic cells. The redirecting prismatic wall placed in the north direction referred to be ‘North redirecting prismatic wall’  2402  henceforth and the other in south direction referred to be ‘South redirecting prismatic wall’  2401  henceforth. 
     The North redirecting prismatic wall and South redirecting prismatic wall terminology may not necessarily mean that that wall assembly is placed on exact north or exact south. Rather, they might cover north-west, north-east, and south-east and south-west or directions between them, respectively. Furthermore, each redirecting prismatic wall may comprise one or more redirecting prismatic wall units (redirecting prismatic wall unit). For example, the  FIG.  24    shows an embodiment with three such units and it can have any of the secondary redirecting profiles as described in  FIG.  13 ,  15     17 ,  21 ,  23  or any variation of these embodiments described herein. 
     Referring to  FIG.  24   , the top glass  2405  is placed at a height equal to the height of the redirecting prismatic wall  2401  in such a manner that the top of the solar panel has a flat surface like the existing traditional solar panel. Also,  2405  may be configured to be of an area (in an exemplary embodiment being two times) more than that of the conventional panel. Furthermore, with increasing number of levels of the redirecting prismatic wall units we can increase the efficiency of the solar module, but this also increases the area of the top glass needed as an enclosure may also increase correspondingly. 
     Preferably, the mounting angle between the transmitting surface of each redirecting prism wall and the surface of the base of the solar panel is in the range of 60°-70°. In an embodiment, the ratio of the width of the incident surface to the width of the redirecting surface is in the range of 1:1.1 to 1:2. Preferably, the ratio of the gap between the peripheral edge of photovoltaic cell closer to the redirecting prism and the vertex of the truncated redirecting prism base that is closer to the photovoltaic cell is 0-15% of the width of a photovoltaic cell, and the gap is generally 10 mm wide. A top glass  2405  may be present over the redirecting prismatic wall or can be placed just above the photovoltaic cell. When being assembled into an integrated solar panel assembly, a glass sidewall  2403  may run through a boundary and may seal the integrated solar panel assembly to prevent penetration of air or dust or moisture. The photovoltaic cell  2404  is encapsulated between two layers of encapsulant sheet like Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), Polyolefin Elastomer Based (POE) alternatives, Poly Vinyl Butyral (PVB) or Silicone based and may be glued to the bottom glass  2406 . In one embodiment, the top glass  2405  is present directly above the photovoltaic cell  2404  which actually is sandwiched between two encapsulants. The north redirecting prismatic wall and south redirecting prismatic wall creates a certain height gap equal to the length of the side wall  2403  between the photovoltaic cell  2404  and the top glass  2405  as shown in  FIG.  24   . In order to compensate for the cosine losses in the sunlight introduced by the height, an extra gap  2407  may be provided as shown in  FIG.  24   . This extra gap ensures that the sunlight falling from an oblique incident angle on the top glass can directly illuminate the photovoltaic cell without being hindered by the redirecting prismatic wall. Even though the figure shows, for a clarity purpose, a single photovoltaic cell  2404  located only in the middle of the integrated panel  2400 , a person skilled in the art may realize that the photovoltaic cell  2404  may be extend along the length of the integrated solar panel assembly as shown in subsequent figures. Further, the photovoltaic cell may be replaced by other solar energy absorption devices. 
     In a preferred embodiment, which is illustrated in  FIG.  25   , the redirecting prism of the present disclosure is configured on the periphery of a photovoltaic cell array of a solar panel and is mounted on either side of a photovoltaic cell array by means of a sealant or clamps and is configured to directly receive the incident sunlight and redirect towards the photovoltaic cell array. Such an arrangement is more preferred due to the significant heat dissipation by air provided by the open configuration of the solar panel and due to absence of Greenhouse effect that is detrimental to the performance of solar panels with glass enclosures. 
     Furthermore, saving in weight and cost is achieved by avoiding the use of bulky and costly glass enclosure having glass top and glass side walls. 
       FIG.  25    represents a front view of one embodiment of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly  2500  arranged in an open wing configuration to easily dissipate heat generated from the photovoltaic cells. According to this embodiment, redirecting prismatic wall units  2501  (south redirecting prism wall) and  2502  (north redirecting prism wall) are placed on the either side of a photovoltaic cell  2505 . The element  2504  is sandwiched between the top glass  2504  and a bottom glass  2506 . It should be noted that  2506  can be a solar glass or toughened float glass or even a back sheet like Tedlar as per the solar panel manufacturer&#39;s choice. 
     A top glass  2504  may be present over the redirecting prismatic wall or can be placed just above the photovoltaic cell. When  2504  is placed directly above  2505  as shown in this embodiment, it avoids the heat built inside the photovoltaic cell and the heat is dissipated into the atmosphere and this can significantly improve the performance of solar panel or other solar energy applications. And the redirecting prismatic wall units  2501  and  2502  are attached to  2504 , which ensures sufficient air circulation above the top glass and reduces the surface module temperature.  2501  and  2502  can be attached to  2504  by means of mounting elements like clamps or by gluing to it. 
     The photovoltaic cell  2505  is encapsulated between two layers of encapsulant sheet like Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), Polyolefin Elastomer Based (POE) alternatives, Poly Vinyl Butyral (PVB) or Silicone based and may be glued to the bottom glass  2506 . In one embodiment the top glass  2504  is present directly above  2505  which in turn is sandwiched between two encapsulant sheets. Even though the front view of the figure shows a single photovoltaic cell  2505  located only in the middle of the integrated panel  2500 , a person skilled in the art may realize that the photovoltaic cell  2505  may be extended along the length of the integrated solar panel assembly as shown in subsequent figures. Further, the photovoltaic cell may be replaced by other solar energy absorption devices. 
       FIG.  26    shows a close-up front view of one embodiment of a redirecting prismatic wall assembly  2600  for two photovoltaic cell arrays as per an embodiment here in. There are two sets of redirecting prismatic wall units: Set  1  ( 2601  and  2602 ) and Set  2  ( 2609  and  2610 ) placed on either side of the photovoltaic cell array.  2604  is the photovoltaic cell that is sandwiched between the top glass  2605  and a bottom glass  2606 . It should be noted that the length of  2606  and  2605  is for the span as denoted by  2611 . The hollow air gap that exists between  2602  and  2609  is denoted by  2607 . The glass piece  2608  is introduced for electrical interconnection connecting two adjacent photovoltaic cell array, and is not present along the length of the photovoltaic cell array. The length of  2608  is denoted by  2612  and the width of  2608  is in the range of 5-20 mm. 
       FIG.  27 A  shows the cross-sectional view of one embodiment for a solar panel configuration of 12×6 with 72 half cut photovoltaic cells. As seen in the figure, the photovoltaic cell denoted by  2701  are laid in a continuous manner in the East-West direction. There exist six rows of photovoltaic cell array, where every row consists of twelve photovoltaic cells. Every row of photovoltaic cell array has a pair of redirecting prism wall units placed on its either side. The peripheral redirecting prismatic wall is  2702  and  2704  which are single light redirecting prism units that exist for the boundary photovoltaic cell array and in the middle, there exists a pair of redirecting prismatic wall units that form a gabled arrangement in space as shown by  2703 . Every row of  2701  is interspersed with  2703 .  FIG.  27 B , shows the exploded cross-sectional view of the same embodiment to better understand the gabled arrangement of  2703 . As seen here, when two redirecting prismatic wall units in the middle region are joined, they form a gabled arrangement and  2705  is the air gap that exists between them. This allows for easy air flow in the panel and enables better heat dissipation in the photovoltaic cells and always keeps the module temperature lower and thereby improves the solar panel efficiency. The glass piece  2707  is the slight extension of the glass created in the East-West direction given for electrical bus-bar interconnection to move from one photovoltaic cell row  2708  to another photovoltaic cell row  2709 . The length of  2707  is denoted by  2711  and width of this is in the range of 5-20 mm. 
       FIG.  28    shows the cross-sectional view of one embodiment for a solar panel with a single photovoltaic cell array and a redirecting prismatic wall unit on either side. In this embodiment, twelve photovoltaic cells denoted by  2801  are placed continuously in the East-West direction and redirecting prismatic wall units denoted by  2802  and  2803  are placed on either side of  2801 .  2801  is sandwiched between two layers of glass for protection against environmental degradations. 
       FIG.  29    shows the top view of one embodiment for a solar panel with 72 half cut photovoltaic cells laid in 12×6 configuration. The photovoltaic cells are denoted by  2902  are laid continuously in the East-West direction. The electrical busbar connection for the solar panel denoted by  2901  runs over the photovoltaic cells  2902 . The redirecting prism wall units denoted by  2903  are placed on either side of the  2902 . The photovoltaic cells  2902  are connected in serial fashion and  2901  is ‘−’ lead and  2904  is the ‘+’ve lead.  2905  is an area extension of the top glass in the East-West direction where electrical busbars of one row are interconnected to another. The width of glass area  2905  is denoted by  2906  and the length of  2905  is denoted by  2907 . 
     Thus, the placement of redirecting prismatic wall assembly above the top glass in an efficient arrangement which results in cooler module temperature has been discussed hereinabove. In various embodiments, the TIR sunlight from the redirecting prismatic wall assembly reaches the photovoltaic cell effectively and thereby increases the module energy generation capacity. Also, a redirecting prismatic wall can consist of one or more levels of redirecting prismatic wall units that are vertically stacked one above other to increase the light gathering capacity of a solar module. The redirecting prismatic wall embodiment shown here is a representative one the several embodiments discussed from  FIG.  1    to  FIG.  28   . 
     Also envisaged as an aspect of the present disclosure, is a motionless optical unit for redirecting sunlight using total internal reflection in a solar panel having an array of solar cells, an integrated solar panel, a system and method thereof is described. In one embodiment arrays of elongated deflector units are placed along the length of solar cell arrays and configured to direct sunlight using total internal reflection to the solar cells. In one embodiment the arrays of deflector units are configured to add more sunlight falling on the solar cells only at certain times of day and not cross one sun illumination. In another embodiment the arrays of deflector units are configured to add more sunlight falling on the solar cells, which is more than one sun illumination, for example in the case of Low-concentration photovoltaic cells. 
       FIG.  30    shows an isometric view of a motionless optical unit  100  for redirecting sunlight according to an embodiment herein. 
     In an embodiment the motionless optical unit may comprise of a deflector unit  3003  connected to a surface  3005 . Further, another deflector unit  3001  may be connected to the surface  3005 . The position of a solar energy absorption device such as for example a solar cell may be represented by a placeholder surface  3030 . A person skilled in the art may realize that the motionless optical unit may be manufactured/sold with or without a solar energy absorption device such as for example a solar cell. Both the deflector units are configured to direct sunlight towards placeholder surface  3030 . The solar energy may be absorbed by a solar cell or a heat absorbing element such as fluid content, water pipe or gas pipes. 
     In an embodiment, the motionless optical unit may be placed such that in spite of the daytime motion of the sun maximum amount of sunlight may be allowed to be incident on the solar energy absorption device for maximum duration of time. In one embodiment the deflector unit  3003  and  3001  may be elongated in a direction other than the direction perpendicular to daytime motion of the sun. In one exemplary scenario the elongated deflector units are placed in an east-west direction. In this exemplary scenario, the elongated deflector units may be placed in a north-south direction with respect to each other. Variations allow elongated deflector units to be elongated along northeastsouthwest direction or a northwest-southeast direction. 
     Furthermore, the placement of the deflector unit  3001  and  3003  may be symmetrical with respect to the placeholder surface  3030 . For example, the line of symmetry of the placeholder surface may be equidistant from each deflector unit. In another exemplary embodiment one deflector unit (say  3001 ) may be further from the center of the placeholder surface  3030  as compared to the other deflector unit (say  3003 ). 
       FIG.  31   , shows the light redirection in one of the deflector unit of a motionless optical unit for redirecting sunlight according to an embodiment herein. 
     Each deflector unit may comprise of atleast three surfaces. An input surface  3101  may be configured to have sunlight  230   p  first incident thereon. A reflector surface  3103  may be configured to allow total internal reflection of the incident sunlight  3130   p . An output surface  202  of the deflector unit may be configured to allow the sunlight  3130   q  that is totally internally reflected incident thereupon to exit as output sunlight  2130   r.    
       FIG.  32   a    shows a front view of an exemplary embodiment 1 of a motionless optical unit as per an embodiment herein. In this exemplary embodiment, the deflector unit may have a stacked triangular cross-section. The light falling on the input surface of the deflector unit undergoes TIR at the outermost surface (as in  3103 ) that is farthest from the solar cell and is redirected to the solar cell. In another exemplary embodiment as shown in  FIG.  32   b    the deflector unit may have another polygonal cross-section (triangular cross-section being a polygonal cross-section as well). The surface of the deflector unit that is closest to the solar cell acts as the output surface. In yet another embodiment, the cross section of the deflector unit may comprise of a combination of two geometric shapes such as for example triangle and rectangular as shown in  FIG.  32   c   . The light falling on the input surface of the deflector unit undergoes TIR at the reflector surface that is farthest from the solar cell and is redirected to the solar cell. A person skilled in the art may realize that circular and polygonal cross-sectional shapes may either alone or in combination with other polygonal or circular cross-sectional shapes may give rise to such cylindrical, spherical, polygonal three-dimensional deflector unit/s. 
     Furthermore, in one embodiment one deflector unit may be of the same cross-section as the other deflector unit. In another embodiment, the deflector units may be of different cross sections. 
       FIG.  33    shows an integrated solar panel of 36 cells with the motionless optical unit as per an embodiment herein. Each deflector unit may be repeated over the length thereof to form an array of elongated deflector unit. Multiple such arrays may be combined. One such example shown in  FIG.  33    represents a 36-cell MFOT solar panel arrangement. In one exemplary embodiment, the orientation of the integrated solar panel may be as shown in the  FIG.  33   . In that embodiment, the elongated deflector units may run along east-west directions. Whereas, the deflector units may be placed in a first direction with respect to each other. For example, north-south direction with respect to each other. Variations allow elongated deflector units to be elongated along northeastsouthwest direction or a northwest-southeast direction. 
     The integrated solar panel  3300  may be tilted at an angle with respect to the horizontal. tilted at an optimal angle depending on the latitude of a location where the integrated solar panel is present. For example, the optimal tilt of solar panel for London may be 51.5 degrees. In one embodiment the tilt angle may not be modified throughout the year. In another embodiment seasonal changes in tilt may be allowed. The tilt may be such to allow one deflector unit be closer to the ground as compared to the other deflector unit.  FIG.  34    shows a top view of a single row  3400  of an integrated solar panel containing 9 cells placed in continuous arrangement an integrated solar panel of 36 cells with the motionless optical unit as per an embodiment herein. 
     In one embodiment as shown in  FIG.  34   , an additional gap  3406  at either end of the panel may be present. As seen in the top view no solar cells may be placed in that area, however deflector unit/s ( 3401 ,  3403 ) may extend beyond the peripheral solar cells  3408 . This gap may help accommodate the azimuth spread of the sun as it moves from East to West and a morning Winter sun or a morning Summer sun is redirected by the deflector unit to the solar cell/s present along the periphery of the integrated solar panel. Further, a prism-cell gap  3409  may be present between the cell and the next deflector unit. Various deflector units  3402  may be attached to a top glass  3404 .  FIG.  35    shows a front view of a motionless optical unit depicting the redirection of a summer sunlight coming from North East direction in the morning to the solar cell as per an embodiment herein 
     Due to seasonal variation, the sunlight may be in incident from a northeast direction rather than east. As in  FIG.  35   , a summer sun from north-east directions falls on the reflector surface  3503  may redirect the sunlight incident thereupon using total internal reflection. The sunlight may thus get redirected to a heat/light absorbing element present at a placeholder surface  3530 . 
       FIG.  36    shows a front view of a motionless optical unit depicting the redirection of a winter sunlight coming from South East direction in the morning to the solar cell as per an embodiment herein. During winter, the sunlight may be in incident from a south-east direction rather than east. The reflector surface  3603  may redirect the sunlight incident thereupon using total internal reflection. The sunlight may thus get redirected to a heat/light absorbing element present at a placeholder surface  3630 .  FIG.  37 A  shows a front view of a motionless optical unit having grooves in the deflector unit/s as per an embodiment herein. 
     A first deflector  3701  unit and a second deflector  3702  unit may be placed next to each other. While a third deflector unit  3703  may be placed right next to a fourth deflector unit  3704 . The first deflector unit  3701  and the third deflector unit  3703  may be of a polygonal cross section while the second deflector unit  3702  and the fourth deflector unit  3704  may comprise of an outer surface ( 3702   b ,  3704   b ) and an inner surface ( 3702   a ,  3704   a ) respectively each. The deflector unit  3701  and  3702  may be closer to the north direction while the deflector units  3703  and  3704  may be closer to the south direction. The deflector units  3702  and  3704  being closer to the absorbing elements (in this case a solar cell) may be considered inner deflector units as compared to the deflector units  3703  and  3701 , which may be regarded as outer deflector units. 
     The motionless optical unit may be designed to accommodate varied azimuthal angle of sunlight and may redirect the sunlight throughout the day. This arrangement may be configured to work throughout the year without any seasonal adjustments for the latitude tilt. In this exemplary embodiment, both the inner deflector units ( 3704 ,  3702 ) may be effective in redirection of sunlight. The motionless optical unit may be configured to ensure that one sun illumination is not crossed during the noon and is effective for early morning and late afternoon sunlight when the intensity of sunlight is less. 
     The inner deflector units  3702  and  3704  may have grooves on the outer surface ( 3702   b ,  3704   b ) and the inner surface ( 3702   a ,  3704   a ). These grooves may be formed in a staircase cross section. Other configurations may be possible such as curved or aspherical cross section for the grooves. Winter morning sunlight (exemplarily depicted in  FIG.  37 B ) may be redirected by the outer surface  3702   b . The grooves on surface  3704   a  of the south inner prism are configured to allow winter rays to pass through without significantly altering the path of the sunlight. Similarly, grooves on surface  3702   b  of the deflector unit  3702  and the deflector unit  3704  may be configured to perform TIR of the winter rays towards the absorption element (for example: solar cell). The grooves on the surface  802   a  are configured to not cause hindrance for TIR rays from surface  3702   b  by not altering its path. 
     Further, in case of summer season (exemplarily depicted in  FIG.  37 C ), the sunlight from the North East direction may be redirected by the fourth deflector unit and second deflector unit  3702 . The grooves on the surface  3704   b  may help in TIR of summer rays towards the solar cell and grooves on the surface  3704   a  may be configured to provide an unaltered path to the TIR rays from reaching the solar cell. The grooves on surface  3702   a  and  3702   b  of the second deflector unit may be configured to allow an unaltered path for the summer rays. 
     Further, an equinox sunray coming directly at 90-degree angle may be handled by the first deflector unit  3701  and third deflector unit  3703  (exemplarily depicted in  FIG.  37 D ). The surface  3703   c  and  3701   c  are configured to enable TIR of equinox rays. In one exemplary implementation this embodiment may generate 13% more energy compared to a similar conventional solar panel annually. 
     In one exemplary embodiment redirection of morning sunlight of 80-100 degrees and evening sunlight of 260-280 degrees of azimuth variations and an acceptance angle of atleast 30-60 degrees for the elevation angle of the sun may be provided. Further, the placement of the first, second, third and forth deflector units, may be symmetrical with respect to the placeholder surface  3730 . For example, the center of the placeholder surface may be equidistant from each deflector unit. In another exemplary embodiment, one deflector unit (say  801  and  3702 ) may be further from the center of the placeholder surface  3730  as compared to the other two deflector unit  3703  and  3704 . 
     The model may additively increase the efficiency of a panel in the winter by generating up to 30% more energy when compared to a standard panel of similar configuration. 
     According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a solar panel assembly for efficient management of various losses in a solar energy application and method of making the same is described. In one embodiment the losses occurred due to placement of a top glass of a solar panel assembly placed at a height H with respect to the solar cells beneath, are compensated by introduction of an extra area in the top glass panel assembly. 
     In one embodiment cosine losses occurred due to the elevation angle of the sunlight incident upon a solar cell are also compensated by introduction of extra area in the top glass surface. In one embodiment, this allows maintaining a “one sun illumination” requirement of the solar cell used. 
     The various embodiments may be provided as a standalone top glass assembly or integrated with the solar cells to form a solar panel assembly. 
     Reference to glass also includes references to various other materials that may be used in place of the glass such as for example Poly (methyl methacrylate), acrylic, styrene, polycarbonate, glass, NAS or derivatives of these. 
       FIG.  41 A to  41 D  illustrates a front view of a solar panel assembly  4100  for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application. As per embodiments herein the top glass  4102  may be placed at a height g h    4106  with respect to the solar cell assembly  4104 . 
     In one embodiment herein, a top glass maybe configured to compensate losses incurred due to a given height gap  4106  by providing extra area in the top glass  4102 . In various embodiments as shown in  FIGS.  41 B,  41 C and  41 D , as  4106  increases, extra area may be introduced in the top glass increasingly to compensate the loss as denoted by the location A, B, C and D respectively. 
     Each of the embodiment in  FIG.  41 B  to  FIG.  41 D  represent embodiments with a varying height  106 , with  FIG.  41 A  providing for reference height gap of 1 mm. 
     For example, in  FIG.  41 A to  41 D  this height may be gh 1 , gh 2 , gh 3 , and gh 4  respectively. In these exemplary embodiments the height gaps are such that gh 1 &lt;gh 2 &lt;gh 3 &lt;gh 4 . 
       FIG.  42   , shows the top view of the top glass  4202 , with increased area for a single solar cell as per an embodiment herein. This may be done with increased length of the top glass denoted by ( 4210   a  and  4210   b ) and increased breath of the top glass denoted by ( 4209   a  and  4209   b ). 
     The area on the top glass may be increased to compensate for the loss of early morning sunlight falling on the solar cell (which occurs as a result of height gap g h  increase), as seen progressively in the  FIGS.  41 A to  41 D . As seen in the front view of  FIG.  41 D  a loss of sunlight due to the increased height may be compensated by extending the left end of the top glass panel gi  4112  till the point D. This extension of the glass ensures that the early morning sunlight falls on the solar cell kept at a certain height gap beneath the top glass. Another noteworthy point is this extension compensates cosine losses for all elevation angle of sun &gt;300 to 600. With increase in height the amount of extension required on the left of the top glass may follow: 
         g   x ( A )&lt; g   x ( B )&lt; g   x ( C )&lt; g   x ( D ). 
     In one embodiment having a single solar cell as shown collectively in  FIG.  42 A  and  FIG.  42 B , the top glass  4202  may have extra area caused due to increase in length on two sides of a solar cell  4204 . These increased lengths are due to the increased length  4210   a  and the increased breadth  4210   b . Further, the increased breadths are due to the increased breadth  4209   a  and the increased breadth  4209   b . These give rise to increase in an overall area of the top glass. This increased area required for the top glass may be represented by two vector components gx  4208   a  and gy  4208   b    
       FIG.  43 A  and  FIG.  43 B , represents the increased top glass area in a series of  9  solar cells placed next to each other thus forming a row, as per an embodiment herein. 
     As compared to the single cell implementation shown in embodiment with reference to  FIGS.  42 A and  42 B,  42 C and  42 D , this exemplary implementation shown in reference to  FIGS.  43 A,  43 B,  43 C, and  43 D  may be optimized by configuring each solar cell to capture the part of the sunlight being lost using increase length of top glass  4302 . This embodiment provides for placement of solar cells continuously along the length of the solar cell. Since the sunlight  4301  from adjacent cells (area marked with dotted line) fall on the middle solar cell marked as A, the extra length in the y direction g y    4310   a  and  4310   b  may be provided for the boundary solar cells alone.  FIG.  43 A  shows the top view of single row of 9 solar cells  4304  placed continuously in the E-W direction,  FIG.  43 B  shows the front view,  FIG.  43 C  shows the side view and  FIG.  43 D  shows the cross-sectional view of the same model. The solar panel herein allows for matching of the baseline performance of conventional panel with h gap =1 mm (that doesn&#39;t take any extra area). This may satisfy the one sun illumination requirement of a solar cell. 
       FIGS.  44 A,  44 B,  44 C and  44 D  illustrates a solar panel assembly  4400  having 9 solar cells ( 704 ) by  4  row configuration as per an embodiment herein, for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application. The extra length of the top glass  4402  needed is 4410 a  and  4410   b , which may be provided for the boundary solar cells alone. Similarly, between two rows of solar cells there exist a gap of 2* 4409   a  and the boundary cells in the panel may have an increased breadth of  4409   a.    
     A person in the field of art may realize that as shown in various embodiments here the same learning could be applied to any panel with 9, 36 or 72 solar cells. Further, this may be extended to n×m panel with a height gap of h gap , (where n is the number of rows, m is the number of cells in a given row, cell x  is the size of solar cell in X direction and cell y  is the size of the solar cell in Y direction) where the interrow gap will be 2g x , the length of the panel in the X direction will be n*cell x +2g x *n and the length of the panel in the Y direction will be m*cell y +2g y . 
     The provision of extra area explained above may be optimized since there is an extra area in the North South direction between two rows of solar cell and this area may be used to compensate the cosine losses of elevation angle which is introduced due to the increased height between solar cell and top glass. 
     It may be noted further that in one embodiment as shown in  FIGS.  44 A-D  there may be no extra length ( 4410   a ,  4410   b ) in the East West direction between two solar cells in a given row and hence no extra area. Furthermore, there may be an extra area at the peripheral boundaries in the East West direction between the peripheral solar cell and the boundary of the panel. 
     The top glass may extend beyond the boundary of the solar cells placed. This may help ensures that the light redirection is uniform across all solar cells in a given row. This may further help in generating uniform current in single row of solar cells. 
       FIG.  45    represents a diagram helpful for explaining mathematical formulation for extra area needed for a solar panel assembly for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application, as per an embodiment herein. 
     Further,  FIG.  46    represents a diagram helpful for explaining mathematical formulation for extra area needed in a north-south direction for a solar panel assembly for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application, as per an embodiment herein. 
     Furthermore,  FIG.  47    represents a diagram helpful for explaining mathematical formulation for extra area needed in a east-west direction for a solar panel assembly for efficient management of various losses in a solar cell application, as per an embodiment herein. 
     The mathematical formulation for calculating extra area needed may be explained with reference to  FIGS.  45 ,  46  and  47   . As seen in  FIG.  45    a sunray incident on the glass and the solar cell at a given location for a given time may be denoted by the azimuth angle (ψ) and elevation angle (θ) (X axis represents North) falling on the top glass at A′ and hitting the solar cell at point C, where h gap is the height gap between the top glass and the solar cell. If the ray A′C makes an angle of ψ and the projection of A′C on the XY plane denoted by AC also has the same azimuth angle. 
     In the  FIG.  45   , A′C represents the sunray falling on the solar cell at an angle  0  (measured wrt. XY plane). For simplicity consider the point C as the system origin (0,0,0). Let us consider A′ coordinate as (x, y, h) in the 3d plane. A represents the mirror of A′ in the XY plane and its coordinates are (x, y, 0). We consider X direction as the North and ψ represents the azimuth angle of the sunray A′C. Let us denote φ as the angle between the projected line AC and the line BC passing through the origin. The relation between φ and ψ is as show below. 
       φ=ψ−900   (3)
 
       FIG.  46    represents another cross-sectional view of the embodiment seen in  FIG.  45   , as per an embodiment herein. X may be the North from which the azimuth angle is measured for incident sunlight A′C. If AA′ is h, the AC can be expressed from a basic trigonometric equation for a right angle as or 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       tan 
                       ⁢ 
                       θ 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         h 
                         
                           A 
                           ⁢ 
                           C 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                           
                       or 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                     
                   
                       
                   
                   
                     
                       A 
                       ⁢ 
                       C 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       h 
                       
                         tan 
                         ⁢ 
                         θ 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   4 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     If A is (x, y, 0) □ B is a point on the Y axis represented as (0, y, 0). As ABC is again a right-angled triangle, 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 sin 
                 ⁢ 
                 ϕ 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       A 
                       ⁢ 
                       B 
                     
                     
                       A 
                       ⁢ 
                       C 
                     
                   
                   → 
                   
                     A 
                     ⁢ 
                     B 
                   
                 
                 = 
               
             
             ⁢ 
             A 
             ⁢ 
             C 
             ⁢ 
             sin 
             ⁢ 
             ϕ 
           
         
       
     
     Substituting Equation 4 in the above formula, we get 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   AB 
                   = 
                   
                     
                       h 
                       
                         tan 
                         ⁢ 
                         θ 
                       
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     sin 
                     ⁢ 
                     ϕ 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   5 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
       FIG.  47    represents another cross-sectional view of the embodiment seen in  FIG.  45   , as per an embodiment herein. Similarly, or 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       cos 
                       ⁢ 
                       ϕ 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             B 
                             ⁢ 
                             C 
                           
                           
                             A 
                             ⁢ 
                             C 
                           
                         
                         → 
                         
                           B 
                           ⁢ 
                           C 
                         
                       
                       = 
                       
                         A 
                         ⁢ 
                         C 
                         ⁢ 
                         cos 
                         ⁢ 
                         ϕ 
                       
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
 
                   or 
                   ⁢ 
                     
                   
                       
                   
                   
                     
                       AB 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         h 
                         
                           tan 
                           ⁢ 
                           θ 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       cos 
                       ⁢ 
                       ϕ 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   6 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Combining the equations (3), (4), (5) and (6), Y=BC and X=AB. Thus, the coordinates of the point of intersection of the sunray with the top glass at A′ is 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     
                       
                         h 
                         ⁢ 
                         sin 
                         ⁢ 
                         ϕ 
                       
                       
                         tan 
                         ⁢ 
                         θ 
                       
                     
                     , 
                     
                       
                         h 
                         ⁢ 
                         cos 
                         ⁢ 
                         ϕ 
                       
                       
                         tan 
                         ⁢ 
                         θ 
                       
                     
                     , 
                       
                     h 
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   7 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     And the extra area needed in the X and Y direction is 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       g 
                       x 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         h 
                         
                           tan 
                           ⁢ 
                           θ 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       sin 
                       ⁢ 
                       ϕ 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
 
                   and 
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   8 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     g 
                     y 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       h 
                       
                         tan 
                         ⁢ 
                         θ 
                       
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     cos 
                     ⁢ 
                     ϕ 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   9 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In the above equation (8) and (9), 
     When y=maximum (For December 21st—Winter Solstice) 
     g x =maximum 
     When ψ=minimum (For March 21st—Vernal Equinox) 
     g y =maximum 
     Also, as h tends to 0, gx tends to 0 and gy tends to 0 and hence at 1 mm height gap there is need to give extra area to compensate for cosine loss. 
     This may be further understood with reference to an exemplary location, say, Singapore.  FIG.  48   , shows the sunpath chart that shows the variations of azimuth and elevation angle of sun throughout the year in Singapore. 
     As may be seen from the below chart, the maximum azimuth angle for a 30 solar elevation angle is on winter solstice December 21st at  1180  and the minimum azimuth angle for 300 solar elevation angle occurs on summer solstice January 21st at  640 . This may be considered as extreme direction of sunray to be brought down to the solar cell for a height gap h gap . Since the azimuth spread in Singapore is [640-1180], we may calculate the extra area needed for these range of azimuth angle. 
       FIG.  49 A  shows the extra area g x  calculation for Singapore sun on December 21st winter solstice date for a sunray (with angles θ=30° and ψ=118.2°) falling on the top glass kept at height h=80 mm above a 160 mm solar cell, as per an exemplary embodiment herein. 
     Applying the formula in Equation 6, we get g x  as 65.51 mm. This is the extra area needed in the North-South direction for a sunray to fall on the solar cell from a height gap of 80 mm. Now the new area needed for the top glass is (2g x +160)=291 mm which is about 81.8% more than the original length of the top glass. Hence the length of a 36-cell solar panel (9 by 4) in the North South direction is (2g x +80*4)=291+320=611 mm. 
     If we take (θ, ψ)=(40°, 123°) and considers h=80 mm. Applying the formula in Equation 8, we get gx as 36.6 mm which is less than 65.51 mm derived in the previous step for redirecting a 30°. Hence, we can say that gx=65.51 mm is enough to handle all elevation angle &gt;30° 
     Applying this for various height consideration of the new panel, Table 2 here shows the increase in extra area in N-S direction of top glass for different height gap. We can conclude that the area needed is 11% more for a 10 mm height gap between the solar cell and the top glass. We can also conclude that for a solar cell size of 160 mm with every 10 mm increase in height gap, there is approximately 10% increase in extra area gx needed in the N-S direction. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Extra area needed in N-S (gx) direction for various 
               
               
                 height gap as per an embodiment herein 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 % increase in extra 
               
               
                 Height gap 
                 Extra area 
                 area g x  in N-S 
               
               
                 h gap  between the 
                 g x  needed 
                 direction for a 
               
               
                 solar cell and the 
                 in N-S direction 
                 given solar cell size of 
               
               
                 top glass 
                 (in mm) 
                 160 mm (2 gx)/160 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 10 mm 
                 8.8 
                   11% 
               
               
                 20 mm 
                 16.4 
                 20.5% 
               
               
                 30 mm 
                 24.6 
                 30.7% 
               
               
                 40 mm 
                 32.7 
                 40.9% 
               
               
                 50 mm 
                 40.9 
                 51.5% 
               
               
                 60 mm 
                 49.2 
                 61.4% 
               
               
                 70 mm 
                 57.3 
                 71.6% 
               
               
                 80 mm 
                 65.5 
                 81.8% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG.  49 B  shows the extra area g y  calculation for Singapore sun on December 21st winter solstice date for a sunray (with angles θ=30° and ψ=118.2°) falling on the top glass kept at height h=80 mm above a 160 mm solar cell, as per an exemplary embodiment herein. 
     Applying the formula in Equation 9, we get g y  as 122.12 mm. This is the extra area needed in peripheral boundary of the solar panel in the East West direction. If this area is not given, the light redirected in peripheral solar cells will not be same as the intermediate solar cells. This can lead to undesirous effect of non-uniform current and degenerate the panel performance. Hence the length of a 36-cell solar panel (9 by 4) in the East West direction is (2g x +160*9)=244+1440=1684 mm. 
     Table 3 shows the minimum and maximum extra area g x  needed in the top glass kept at different height above a 160 mm solar cell for Singapore (θ=20°, θ=30°, θ=40° and θ=60°. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Extra area needed in N-S (gx) direction for various  
               
               
                 height gap as per an embodiment herein 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Maximum g x   
                 Minimum g x   
               
               
                   
                 (in mm) 
                 (in mm) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Height gap 
                 Ψ = 115.6°, 
                 Ψ = 118.2°, 
                 Ψ = 130.3°, 
                 Ψ = 146.8°, 
                 Ψ = 90.2°, 
                 Ψ = 90.5°, 
                 Ψ = 90.8°, 
                 Ψ = 91.8°, 
               
               
                 h gap   
                 θ = 20° 
                 θ = 30° 
                 θ = 40° 
                 θ = 60° 
                 θ = 20° 
                 θ = 30° 
                 θ = 40° 
                 θ = 60° 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 10 mm 
                 11.9 
                 8.8 
                 7.7 
                 4.8 
                 0.1 
                 0.2 
                 1.7 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 20 mm 
                 23.8 
                 16.4 
                 15.4 
                 9.7 
                 0.2 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
                 0.4 
               
               
                 30 mm 
                 35.7 
                 24. 
                 23.1 
                 14.5 
                 0.3 
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 40 mm 
                 47.6 
                 32.7 
                 30.8 
                 19.3 
                 0.4 
                 0.6 
                 0.7 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 50 mm 
                 59.5 
                 40.9 
                 38.5 
                 24.2 
                 0.5 
                 0.8 
                 0.8 
                 0.9 
               
               
                 60 mm 
                 71.4 
                 49.1 
                 46.3 
                 29 
                 0.6 
                 0.9 
                 1 
                 1.1 
               
               
                 70 mm 
                 83.3 
                 57.3 
                 54 
                 33.8 
                 0.7 
                 1.1 
                 1.2 
                 1.3 
               
               
                 80 mm 
                 95.2 
                 65.5 
                 61.7 
                 38.7 
                 0.8 
                 1.2 
                 1.3 
                 1.4 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 4 shows the maximum and minimum extra area gy needed in the top glass kept at different height above a solar cell for Singapore (θ=20°, θ=30°, θ=40° and θ=60°. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Extra area needed in E-W (gy) direction for various height gap as per an 
               
               
                 embodiment herein. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Maximum g y   
                 Minimum g y   
               
               
                   
                 (in mm) 
                 (in mm) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Ψ = 
                   
                 Ψ = 
                 Ψ = 
                 Ψ = 
               
               
                 Height gap 
                 Ψ = 90.2°, 
                 Ψ = 90.5°, 
                 Ψ = 90.8°, 
                 91.8°, 
                 Ψ = 115.6°, 
                 118.2°, 
                 130.3°, 
                 146.8°, 
               
               
                 h gap   
                 θ = 20° 
                 θ = 30° 
                 θ = 40° 
                 θ = 60° 
                 θ = 20° 
                 θ = 30° 
                 θ = 40° 
                 θ = 60° 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 10 mm 
                 27.5 
                 17.3 
                 11.9 
                 5.8 
                 24.8 
                 15.3 
                 83.9 
                 5.5 
               
               
                 20 mm 
                 54.9 
                 34.6 
                 23.8 
                 11.5 
                 49.6 
                 30.5 
                 16.8 
                 10.9 
               
               
                 30 mm 
                 82.4 
                 52 
                 35.7 
                 17.3 
                 74.4 
                 45.8 
                 25.2 
                 16.4 
               
               
                 40 mm 
                 109.8 
                 69.3 
                 47.6 
                 23.1 
                 99.2 
                 61.1 
                 33.6 
                 21.9 
               
               
                 50 mm 
                 137.3 
                 86.6 
                 59.6 
                 28.9 
                 124 
                 76.3 
                 41.9 
                 27.4 
               
               
                 60 mm 
                 164.7 
                 103.9 
                 71.5 
                 34.6 
                 148.8 
                 91.6 
                 50.4 
                 32.9 
               
               
                 70 mm 
                 192.2 
                 121.2 
                 83.4 
                 40.4 
                 173.6 
                 106.9 
                 58.7 
                 38.3 
               
               
                 80 mm 
                 219.6 
                 138.6 
                 95.3 
                 46.2 
                 198.4 
                 122.1 
                 67.1 
                 43.8 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 5 shows the maximum and minimum area needed for the top glass kept at different height for Singapore for various elevation angles (θ=20°, θ=30°, θ=40° and θ=60°. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Maximum and Minimum area recommendation for various height gap as per an embodiment herein 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Maximum Extra Area = max 
                 Minimum Extra Area = min g x  * 
               
               
                   
                 g x  * max g y   
                 min g y   
               
               
                 Height gap 
                 (in mm) 
                 (in mm) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 h gap   
                 θ = 20° 
                 θ = 30° 
                 θ = 40° 
                 θ = 60° 
                 θ = 20° 
                 θ = 30° 
                 θ = 40° 
                 θ = 60° 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 10 mm 
                 1.3 
                 1.2 
                 1.2 
                 1.1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1.2 
                 1 
               
               
                 20 mm 
                 1.7 
                 1.5 
                 1.4 
                 1.3 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 30 mm 
                 2.1 
                 1.7 
                 1.7 
                 1.4 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 40 mm 
                 2.5 
                 2.0 
                 1.9 
                 1.5 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
                 1 
               
               
                 50 mm 
                 3.0 
                 2.3 
                 2.1 
                 1.7 
                 1.2 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
               
               
                 60 mm 
                 3.4 
                 2.5 
                 2.4 
                 1.8 
                 1.2 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
               
               
                 70 mm 
                 3.9 
                 2.8 
                 2.6 
                 1.9 
                 1.3 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
               
               
                 80 mm 
                 4.4 
                 3.1 
                 2.9 
                 2.1 
                 1.3 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
                 1.1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Furthermore, just as illustrated in Table  5  if the location changes to Boston, USA, the extra area needed for a height gap of 80 mm between the solar cell and top glass can vary according to the mathematical formulation and may go upto 6 times more area to compensate for the height losses. 
     The present invention will now be described with the help of the following experiments: 
     Experiment 1: 
     The solar panel, of the present disclosure, provided with the light redirecting prisms clamped on either sides of the solar panel, and a conventional solar panel were fitted on mounts tilted at 13 degrees recommended for a latitude tilt for Bangalore (12.9716° N, 77.5946° E). Both the solar panels had a power capacity of 8 Wp, and were manufactured from the same batch of poly-crystalline solar cells at the same manufacturing facility. The solar cells for both the solar panels had an exactly identical configuration in terms of dimensions and power generation without the prism. 
     On Apr. 4, 2022, power generated by the solar panels was measured.  FIG.  50    illustrates a graph representation depicting the respective power generated by the solar panel of the present disclosure vs. the power generated by the conventional solar panel. The graph represents Energy generated (in Wh) against time (in hours). It was observed that the solar panel of the present disclosure generated a maximum power of about  8 Wh after a time period of 12-13 hours, whereas the maximum power generated by the conventional solar panel after the same time period of 12-13 hours was about 6.5 Wh. It can therefore be inferred from the graph that the redirecting prisms helped in increasing the power generated by the solar panel by 10-20% when compared to the conventional solar panels. 
     Experiment 2: 
     In a second exemplary embodiment, an indoor lab setup was created to study the power generated by the same set of solar panels. The solar panels were exposed to a Xenon lamp vertically mounted on a wall. The solar panels were vertically mounted on a structure that could be adjusted such that the angle of incidence of light falling on the solar panels could be precisely controlled.  FIGS.  51 A and  51 B  illustrate graphical representations of the Current Vs Voltage generated by the solar panel, of the present disclosure, and the Current Vs Voltage generated by a conventional solar panel, respectively. The solar panel, of the present disclosure, generated a maximum power of 3.21W with 4.20 A current and 0.76V voltage; whereas the conventional solar panel generated a maximum power of 2.81W with 3.60 A current and 0.78V voltage at the maximum power. Therefore, it can be concluded, from the graphs, that the efficiency of the solar panel having redirecting prisms, in accordance with the present invention, is approximately 13% more than the conventional solar panel (without redirecting prisms). 
     The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and all such modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     Technical Advancements 
     The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of a light redirection system which includes a light redirecting prism, a redirecting prismatic wall and a solar panel incorporating the same, to provide an efficient light harvesting solar panel arrangement, which:
         can capture sunlight for all seasons;   improve the energy generation of a solar panel;   allows for a wide range of operation;   is cost-effective;   has minimum human intervention requirements over seasonal variation; and   requires minimal maintenance.       

     The foregoing disclosure has been described with reference to the accompanying embodiments which do not limit the scope and ambit of the disclosure. The description provided is purely by way of example and illustration. 
     The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting embodiments in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. 
     Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein. 
     The foregoing description of the specific embodiments so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein. 
     Throughout this specification the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, or group of elements, but not the exclusion of any other element, or group of elements. 
     While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.