Patent Publication Number: US-2015062860-A1

Title: Capacitor

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to an electrical device and method and, more particularly, to capacitance and inductance. 
     2. Brief Description of Prior Developments 
     A capacitor can be used for a power supply for an apparatus, such as a Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) or a xenon flash for a camera for example. 
     In a switch mode power supply (SMPS), energy flow is controlled with power semiconductors that are continuously switching ON and OFF with high frequency. The “switchers” offer greater efficiency compared with linear supplies because an ideal switch does not dissipate power. They also have smaller size and lighter weight due to reduced passive components size and lower heat generation. 
     Switch mode operation contributes to lower power losses—when a switch is “off” the current through it is near zero, when it is “on” the voltage across it is low. However, it introduces additional electrical noise (EMI) whose acceptable limits vary with the frequency. The switcher&#39;s frequency is normally selected based on size, efficiency, cost and EMI considerations. 
     To reduce noise of SMPS an input noise reduction filter is used in addition to a SMPS input capacitor. This is achieved by adding another capacitor and a resistor or inductance between the two capacitors. The additional capacitor can also work as an input capacitor, but the resistor or inductance has no other use other than filtering the noise. 
     In a capacitor a serial inductance has an harmful impact. That is why the terminals are design so that the inductance is minimized. The serial inductance and serial resistance, ESR, is considered a negative characteristic of a capacitor. 
     A three-terminal capacitor consists of two active electrodes surrounded by a third, or shield, conductor. The direct capacitance between the two active electrodes is the capacitance of interest, and, when shielded leads are used, it is independent of the location of all other conductors except the shield. 
     A common construction of capacitors is use of windings as plates. A winding roll tends to have inductance, and in order to reduce the inductance the terminals are connected in the center of the electrodes, so the current flowing into and from the ends of the electrodes compensate their magnetic fields; thus reducing the inductance. 
     SUMMARY 
     The following summary is merely intended to be exemplary. The summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. 
     In accordance with one aspect of the invention, an apparatus is provided comprising an electrical component having a plurality of electrical conductors; and a flash connected to the conductors. The flash comprises a flash lamp and an electrical device. The electrical device comprises a capacitor and an inductor with a common electrical conductor having a winding roll shaped section which forms a winding plate of the capacitor and a coil of the inductor. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an apparatus is provided comprising a switch mode power supply; and an electrical device connected to an input of the switch mode power supply. The electrical device comprises a capacitor and an inductor with a common electrical conductor having a winding roll shaped section which forms a winding plate of the capacitor and a coil of the inductor. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a device is provided including a first electrical conductor, a second electrical conductor, dielectric material connecting the first and second conductors to each other, and an output or ground terminal section. The first electrical conductor has a first terminal section and a first plate section. The second electrical conductor includes a second terminal section and a second plate section. The second terminal section is connected to a first end of the second plate section. The second plate section includes a coil shaped section. The output terminal section is connected to an opposite second end of the second plate section. The dielectric material connects the first and second plate sections to each other. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a device is provided comprising a capacitor and an output terminal. The capacitor comprises a first coil shaped plate connected to a first terminal, a second coil shaped plate connected to a second terminal, and dielectric material connecting the first and second plates to each other in a spaced inter-rolled fashion. The output terminal is connected to the second plate at a location spaced from the second terminal. The second terminal, the second plate and the output terminal form an inductor such that the second coil shaped plate is a common member of both the capacitor and the inductor. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a device is provided comprising a capacitor comprising an first terminal and a winding roll plate connected to the first terminal; and an inductor comprising an input, an output and the winding roll plate. The input comprises the first terminal of the capacitor, and the output comprises an output terminal extending from the winding roll plate proximate an opposite end of the plate relative to the first terminal. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided comprising providing an electrical apparatus subassembly; and connecting a device to the an electrical apparatus subassembly. The device comprises a capacitor and an inductor having a common member forming a winding roll plate of the capacitor and a coil of the inductor. The common member is configured to provide inductance to reduce noise of the an electrical apparatus subassembly. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided comprising turning ON current to an apparatus from a combined capacitor and inductor device, wherein a capacitor and an inductor of the device comprise a common member forming a winding roll plate of the capacitor and a coil of the inductor; and turning OFF the current from the capacitor to the apparatus, wherein a slope of the current from ON to OFF is increased by inductance from the combined capacitor and inductor device to delay a current turn off point of the current from the capacitor. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The foregoing aspects and other features of the invention are explained in the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an apparatus comprising features of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing some of the components of the apparatus shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a subassembly used in the apparatus shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the capacitor/inductor device in  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a cross sectional view of the device shown in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of some of the components of the device shown in  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a circuit diagram of the device shown in  FIGS. 4-6 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram showing the increased duration from ON to OFF of the device shown in  FIGS. 4-7 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram illustrating use of the capacitor/inductor device with another apparatus, such as a switch mode power supply (SMPS) for example; 
         FIG. 10  is an end view of an alternate embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of another alternate embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 12  is a flow chart of steps of one method of the invention; 
         FIG. 13  is a flow chart of steps of another method of the invention; and 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of components of another alternate embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , there is shown a diagram of a device  10  incorporating features of the invention shown. Although the invention will be described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in many alternate forms of embodiments. In addition, any suitable size, shape or type of elements or materials could be used. 
     In one embodiment, the device  10  is an imaging device, such as a digital camera. Alternatively, the device  10  could be any suitable type of device having a capacitor as further understood from the description below. For example, in one embodiment the device  10  is a mobile telephone handset having a digital camera feature. The device  10  generally comprises a battery  18 , circuitry  12 , one or more capacitors  40 , and a function  14 . For the imaging device  10  in this embodiment, the function  14  comprises suitable hardware and perhaps software for taking a digital photograph. However, any suitable function which uses a capacitor could be provided. 
     Referring also to  FIG. 2 , the function  14  can include a controller  32  and a memory  34 . The device  10  can comprise a user control  36 , such as a keypad or a touch screen for example, which is connected to the controller  32 . In this embodiment the function  14  includes a camera  22  and a flash  30 . The camera  22 , flash  30  and battery  18  are connected to the controller  32 . The controller  32  is configured, such as with software programming, to take a digital picture with the camera  22  and store the digital information in the memory  34 . The controller  32  can also control actuation of the flash  30 . In one type of embodiment, actuation of the flash  30  might be automatic when the camera  22  is used. 
     Referring also to  FIG. 3 , the flash  30  comprises a flash lamp  38 , the capacitor(s)  40  and a trigger  42 . The flash lamp  38  is a xenon flash lamp. However, any suitable flash lamp could be provided. In this embodiment, the circuitry  12  includes a flex cable  44  which electrically connects the capacitor  40  to the battery  18 , electrically connects the capacitor  40  to the flash lamp  38 , and electrically connects the trigger  42  to the controller  32 , the capacitor  40  and the flash lamp  38 . In alternate embodiments any suitable connection among the components could be provided. 
     Referring also to  FIGS. 4-6 , the capacitor  40  generally comprises a body or housing  46 , a first anode terminal  48 , a second cathode terminal  50 , dielectric material  52 , and a third output or ground terminal  54 . It should be noted that in some regions, use of “anode” and “cathode” are reversed. For example, in Japan “anode” might be considered a “cathode”, and visa versa. In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 4-6 , the first terminal  48  is a positive/input terminal, the second terminal  50  is a negative terminal, and the third terminal  54  is a positive/output terminal (or ground terminal).  FIG. 6  shows the capacitor without showing the housing and the dielectric material. The capacitor  40  can be connected to the flex cable  44  with the first terminal  48 , second terminal  50  and the third terminal  54  being electrically, directly connected to conductors of the cable, such as by solder. The housing  46  is comprised of electrically conductive metal, such as in the form of a can. The housing  46  has an aperture  58  into the housing. A seal or closure  60  is provide at the aperture  58 . The three terminals  48 ,  50 ,  54  extend through the closure at a first end side of the capacitor. 
     The capacitor  40  also includes two plates  62 ,  64 . The first plate  62  is connected to the first terminal  48  to form a first electrical conductor for the capacitor. The second plate  64  is connected to the second terminal  50  to form a second electrical conductor for the capacitor. In this embodiment, the two plates  62 ,  64  are provided with a general coil shape or winding roll shape. In this embodiment the two plates  62 ,  64  are inter-rolled with each other with the dielectric material therebetween. As seen by arrow  66  in  FIG. 6 , capacitance can be provided between the first and second terminals  48 ,  50 . 
     First terminal  48  is connected to a first end of the first plate  62 . The third terminal  54  is connected to a second opposite end of the first plate  62 . Because of the coiled shape of the first plate  62 , this can provide an inductor with inductance between the first and third electrodes  48 ,  54  as indicated by arrow  68  in  FIG. 6 . Thus, the device  10  can function as both a capacitor and a coil inductor. 
     In camera flash generation, the timing of especially short flashes in close imaging are very important and difficult to arrange. Adding inductance can make the timing more accurate. Adding inductance to the circuitry can also impact the flash color temperature; moving it to a better area. However, for hand held devices such as a digital camera or camera in a telephone handset, an inductor having suitably large inductance that can handle the huge current of a camera flash cannot have ferrite core because the size of the inductor would be too big for modern designs. 
     The invention can add one or more terminals to a capacitor so that the natural inductance of the capacitor, beneficially a roll, impacts between the input and output rather than between the capacitor itself and the terminal (where it would otherwise have a harmful impact in some cases). Furthermore, with the invention the output terminal  54  can be used for grounding the capacitor. This can add extra noise reduction and electric radiation immunity. A circuit diagram illustrating the new combined capacitor and inductor device  40  is shown in  FIG. 7 . As can be seen, the inductor is one of the plates of the capacitor. Thus, the inductor is not arranged in series with the capacitor. The parallel capacitor-inductor arrangement is intertwined or intermixed, and are not spaced from each other. 
     The invention can comprise a three to four legged capacitor (for example electrolytic or ceramic). Two of the contact points or terminals are placed proximate opposite ends of a first one of the capacitor plates, and the other capacitor plate can have either one or two terminals. The invention can comprise the concept of having an inductance component in a capacitor body; the construction of a such capacitor; the method of utilizing such a capacitor in both separating power networks (Radio Frequency, for example) and using it in controlling the timing of turn-off point and noise. 
     In a xenon flash, it is important to control the turn-on point and turn-off point of the current. Referring also to  FIG. 8 , in the past, with a short light pulse the turn-off point  70  is on the area where stray inductance makes it difficult to tune the amount of light. It would be good to have magnitudes smaller inductance so the current could settle before turning OFF. Because so much has been done to compensate for the stray inductances in the past, there is nothing much one can due, but live with level of stray inductances. However, remarkable higher inductance would be good so that the current is clearly ON with an increasing slope towards the turn-off point. 
     With a dominating inductance inside the capacitor, the timing of the turn-off point can be changed to a far later turn-off point  72  in time than the turn-off point  70  of a conventional capacitor, and this can gain much more accuracy in the system. Under normal understanding, adding an inductance into a circuit would not have seemed practical; because there is no space for such a component. However, it was discovered that using the roll of a capacitor plate for the inductor coil was possible. 
     Also in SPMS the inductance of the capacitor would reduce noise. Referring also to  FIG. 9 , the invention can comprise use of one or more of the capacitors  40  as an input or output to an apparatus  74  (or part of an apparatus) such as when the apparatus  74  is a SPMS for example. So, there are at least two applications benefiting of the roll inductance of a capacitor. 
     Advantages of the invention can include:
     Additional inductance and resistance between an input and an output can reduce noise in a Switch Mode Power Supply.   Currently, a discrete resistor or inductance and a second capacitor are used for noise reduction in a Switch Mode Power Supply. These two components can be eliminated. This can provided a noticeable cost reduction.   A Second ground or output terminal can enable a separate ground pin configuration.   In a xenon flash grounding is needed. Currently the grounding is made by gluing the can (housing) to a ground. By eliminating this type of manufacturing step, there can be a remarkable cost reduction.   Additional inductance benefits a xenon flash by improving the accuracy of short flash pulses.   Additional inductance benefits a xenon flash by changing the color temperature to more beneficial area.   

     The invention can be used for a power capacitor construction that is used, for example, in a Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) or a xenon flash for a camera. 
     As noted above, a second ground or output terminal (in other words a fourth terminal) can enable a separate ground pin configuration. One example of this is shown in  FIG. 10 . The device  80  comprises the first, second and third terminals  48 ,  50 ,  54 , and a fourth terminal  82 . The fourth terminal  82  is a ground or output terminal connected to an end of the second plate at the opposite end of the plate from the second terminal  50 .  FIG. 11  shows another embodiment where the fourth terminal  82  is connected to the housing  46  at the opposite end of the housing from the aperture  58 . 
     In accordance with one aspect of the invention, an apparatus is provided comprising an electrical component and a flash. The electrical component includes a plurality of electrical conductors. For example, the electrical component could be a printed circuit board or the flex cable  44 . The flash is connected to the conductors, The flash comprises a flash lamp  38  and an electrical device  40 . The electrical device  40  comprises a capacitor and an inductor with a common electrical conductor having a winding roll shaped section  62  which forms a winding plate of the capacitor and a coil of the inductor. The electrical component could be any suitable electrical component having electrical conductors. The apparatus could be the subassembly shown in  FIG. 3 , or the apparatus  10  shown in  FIG. 1 , for example. The electrical device could be directly connected to the conductors of the flash lamp. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an apparatus is provided including a first electrical conductor ( 48 ,  62 ), a second electrical conductor ( 50 ,  64 ), dielectric material  52  connecting the first and second conductors to each other, and an output or ground terminal section  54 . The first electrical conductor has a first terminal section  48  and a first plate section  62 . The second electrical conductor includes a second terminal section  50  and a second plate section  64 . The second terminal section is connected to a first end of the second plate section. The second plate section includes a coil shaped section. The output terminal section is connected to an opposite second end of the second plate section. The dielectric material connects the first and second plate sections to each other. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an apparatus is provided comprising a capacitor and an output terminal  54 . The capacitor comprises a first coil shaped plate  62  connected to a first terminal  48 , a second coil shaped plate  64  connected to a second terminal  50 , and dielectric material  52  connecting the first and second plates to each other in a spaced inter-rolled fashion. The output terminal is connected to the second plate at a location spaced from the second terminal. The second terminal, the second plate and the output terminal form an inductor such that the second coil shaped plate is a common member of both the capacitor and the inductor. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an apparatus is provided comprising a capacitor comprising a first terminal  48  and a winding roll plate  62  connected to the first terminal; and an inductor comprising an input  48 , an output  54  and the winding roll plate  62 . The input comprises the first terminal of the capacitor, and the output comprises an output terminal extending from the winding roll plate proximate an opposite end of the plate relative to the first terminal. 
     Referring also to  FIG. 12 , in accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided comprising providing an electrical device as indicated by block  84 ; and connecting an apparatus to the electrical device as indicated by block  86 . The apparatus comprises a capacitor and an inductor having a common member forming a winding roll plate of the capacitor and a coil of the inductor. The common member is configured to provide inductance to reduce noise of the electrical device. 
     Referring also to  FIG. 13 , in accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided comprising turning ON current to an apparatus from a combined capacitor and inductor device as indicated by block  88 , wherein a capacitor and an inductor of the device comprise a common member forming a winding roll plate of the capacitor and a coil of the inductor; and turning OFF the current from the capacitor to the apparatus as indicated by block  90 , wherein a slope of the current from ON to OFF is increased as indicated by block  92  by inductance from the combined capacitor and inductor device to delay a current turn off point of the current from the capacitor. 
     The invention can be used to provide a ground when the capacitor is manufactured. Thus, there is no need for the xenon flash supplier to perform an extra manufacturing process to provide a grounding connection for a capacitor. The capacitor is automatically grounded when the terminal  54  is connected to ground. 
     With the invention, the invention can be provided by a camera module manufacturer or a flash module manufacturer to a device manufacturer, such as a manufacturer of a mobile telephone handset for example. The invention could be used in suitable multifunction devices having a camera function with a flash. The invention can also be used in a stand alone digital camera rather than a multifunction device. The invention can also be used in a device other than for a camera function. The invention could be provided as a flash module configured to be inserted into a device as a single subassembly, such as shown in  FIG. 3  for example. 
     As noted above, the invention could be used in a ceramic capacitor. An example of this is shown in  FIG. 14 . The device  100  comprises positive capacitor plates  102  and negative capacitor plates  104  with ceramic material (not shown) therebetween. The ceramic material functions as the dielectric material among the plates  102 / 104 . In this embodiment the plates  102 ,  104  are substantially flat and straight. Thus, the plates do not need to have a roll or coil shape. A negative terminal  106  is connected to a first end of the negative plates  104 . A positive/input terminal  108  is connected to a first end of the positive plates  102 , and a positive/output terminal  110  is connected to an opposite second end of the plates  102 . 
     As illustrated by arrows  112 , capacitance can be provided between the negative terminal  106  and the positive terminals  108 ,  110 . Inductance can be provided between the positive/input terminal  108  and the positive/output terminal  110  as indicated by arrow  114 . Thus, the invention can be used in a capacitor other than a coiled plate electrolytic capacitor design, and other than a coiled conductor inductor design. 
     It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the invention. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. For example, features recited in the various dependent claims could be combined with each other in any suitable combination(s). In addition, features from different embodiments described above could be selectively combined. Accordingly, the invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims.