Patent Publication Number: US-11046533-B2

Title: Magnetic track system for transporting batteries at telecommunication sites

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     The present patent/application is a continuation-in-part of the following patents/applications, each of which is incorporated by reference in full: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Filing 
                 Serial 
                   
               
               
                 Date 
                 No. 
                 Title 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Feb. 1, 
                 15/886,558 
                 BATTERY SECURITY SYSTEMS AND 
               
               
                 2018 
                   
                 METHODS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION 
               
               
                   
                   
                 SITES 
               
               
                 Oct. 23, 
                 15/790,357 
                 BATTERY HANDLING SYSTEMS AND 
               
               
                 2017 
                   
                 METHODS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION 
               
               
                   
                   
                 SITES 
               
               
                 Sep. 7, 
                 15/698,148 
                 DE-CELLING BATTERIES FOR INSTAL- 
               
               
                 2017 
                   
                 LATION IN TELECOMMUNICATION 
               
               
                   
                   
                 SITES 
               
               
                 Jul. 20, 
                 15/655,272 
                 BATTERY RECYCLING SYSTEMS AND 
               
               
                 2017 
                   
                 METHODS ASSOCIATED WITH CELL 
               
               
                   
                   
                 SITES AND THE LIKE 
               
               
                 Jun. 20, 
                 15/628,070 
                 BATTERY INSTALLATION WITH 
               
               
                 2017 
                   
                 SECURITY SCREWS FOR THEFT DETER- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 RENCE IN CELL SITE SHELTERS AND 
               
               
                   
                   
                 THE LIKE 
               
               
                 Jul. 28, 
                 15/221,866 
                 BATTERY INSTALLATION IMPROVEMENT 
               
               
                 2016 
                   
                 APPARATUS AND METHOD IN CELL SITE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 SHELTERS AND THE LIKE 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The present disclosure generally relates to telecommunication site installation systems and methods. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a magnetic track system for transporting batteries at telecommunication sites. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Due to the geographic coverage nature of wireless service, there are hundreds of thousands of cell towers in the United States. With over 200,000 cell sites in the U.S., geographically distributed everywhere, installation and maintenance at cell sites can be expensive, time-consuming, and complex. For example, cell sites include a shelter or cabinet located proximate to the cell tower. For network availability, the shelter or cabinet includes a battery backup for power redundancy when a primary power source is unavailable, such as commercial power. For example, depending on configuration, the battery backup may include 4, 8, 16, 48, etc. batteries which each can weigh several hundred pounds. The installation/removal process such batteries is labor intensive and slow. It would be advantageous to provide a battery installation improvement apparatus and method in cell site shelters and the like to address the labor intensity and speed. Also, it would be advantageous to provide methods for installers to deal with the severe weight of the batteries during installation. 
     Currently, operators are dealing with high battery theft rates. Former technicians, employees, and subcontractors with known site access information makes removal of batteries an easy target as in many cases no forced entry is required, in addition to third parties who simply break in. Batteries are either delivered directly to or are picked up by smelters and recyclers in exchange for currency based on lead content and weight—and thus can return a high dollar amount. 
     Additionally, with hundreds of thousands of batteries installed at existing cell sites—and given an average of 5 years of life expectancy—there is a continuous need to monitor and replace batteries. With ever increasing Environmental, Health &amp; Safety (EH&amp;S) regulations and requirements put on wireless carriers, there is a growing need to efficiently and properly remove, dispose, and recycle used batteries. Proper handling, packaging, storage, and transportation of batteries in the recycling process is a critical component of battery replacement services. A clear chain of custody is required from the original removal of batteries at cell sites through the final recycling certificate showing completion of proper disposal 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     A magnetic track system for transporting batteries at a telecommunications site includes a plurality of pods which are magnetic and which are attachable to a battery; and a track system including repelling magnets, wherein the track system is selectively laid between a first point to a second point to transport the battery with the plurality of pods attached thereto, wherein the transport comprises pushing or pulling the battery along the track system. The track system can include a plurality of tracks, strips, or a rollable mat. The track system can have a length less than a distance between the first point and the second point, wherein the track system is moveable such that tracks which have already been traversed by the battery are moved to a front to accommodate the distance. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present disclosure is illustrated and described herein with reference to the various drawings, in which like reference numbers are used to denote like system components/method steps, as appropriate, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of an example cell site; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram of an example interior of a shelter at the cell site; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an example battery system; 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram of a battery installation apparatus for assisting in the removal and installation of the batteries in the shelter; 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart of a battery installation method for assisting in the removal and installation of the batteries in the shelter using the battery installation apparatus; 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram of an example of a security screw; 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram of a battery with security screws attaching terminals to terminal plates; 
         FIGS. 8 and 9  are diagrams of a bracket fastened to a housing via the security screws; 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram of batteries installed in an outside plant cabinet; 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart of a battery installation method with security screws for theft deterrence in cell site shelters and the like; 
         FIG. 12  is a flowchart illustrates a battery recycling method; 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective diagram of a pallet, an insulation sheet, and a top sheet without batteries for use in the battery recycling method of  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14  is a block diagram illustrates a mobile device or general computing device, which may be used for the tracking aspects of the battery recycling method and the back-end server/cloud; 
         FIG. 15  is a picture of a torque mark on the connection between the terminals and the terminal plates for the battery; 
         FIG. 16  is a diagram of an example interior of a building, such as a shelter, at the cell site; 
         FIG. 17  is a flowchart of a virtual site survey process for the cell site; 
         FIG. 18  is a flowchart of a close-out audit method performed at a cell site subsequent to maintenance or installation work; 
         FIG. 19  is a block diagram of 2V batteries which come from a manufacturer in rack modules with three cells in each; 
         FIG. 20  is a flowchart of a battery de-celling process; 
         FIG. 21  is a flowchart of a process for handling hazardous or Environmental, Health, and Safety (EH&amp;S) condition batteries; 
         FIG. 22  is a diagram of various batteries installed in an enclosure with a security bracket; 
         FIGS. 23 and 24  are diagrams of a security screw on the batteries; 
         FIG. 25  is a diagram of a cell site and surrounding geography which can include an access road; and 
         FIG. 26  is a diagram of a magnetic track system which can transport batteries; and 
         FIG. 27  shows the system of  FIG. 26  with the magnetized pods secured to the battery and further details of the embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     In various embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a magnetic track system for transporting batteries at telecommunication sites. The magnetic track system efficiently enables transport of batteries to/from a cabinet, shelter, etc. Also, in various embodiments, the present disclosure relates to battery security systems and methods for telecommunication sites, such as cell sites. Specifically, the battery security systems and methods include a reinforced battery retention bracket for securing batteries in a telecommunication site, such as a cell site and associated shelter. An objective of the battery security systems and methods is to deter/prevent battery theft. 
     Also, in various embodiments, the present disclosure relates to battery handling systems and methods for telecommunication sites, such as cell sites. Specifically, the systems and methods provide handling of hazardous or Environmental, Health, and Safety (EH&amp;S) condition batteries. The EH&amp;S condition batteries can be damaged, cracked, swollen, or leaking and are typically called out for immediate removal from a site. 
     Also, in various embodiments, the present disclosure relates to de-celling batteries for installation in telecommunication sites, such as cell sites. As described herein, de-celling includes separating individual battery cells from a manufacturer for transport to and installation at an associated site. The individual cells of a battery are easier to handle and install. The de-celling of batteries can be utilized with the battery recycling systems and methods, the security screws, and the battery installation improvement apparatus and method also described herein. 
     Also, in various embodiments, the present disclosure relates to cell site audit and inspection systems and methods related to battery and equipment connections. Specifically, paint or the like is utilized in a line across a connection once the connection is properly torqued. The torque marks can be verified as part of close-out audits following any installation or maintenance work and then verified over time including remotely via virtual site surveys. 
     Also, in various embodiments, the present disclosure relates to battery recycling systems and methods such as with respect to cell sites. Specifically, the battery recycling systems and methods provide an efficient, safe, and verifiable approach to recycling batteries. The systems and methods track used (spent) batteries from the deinstallation process at a cell site through final recycling evidenced by a recycling certificate. The systems and methods include various tracking techniques such as implemented through mobile devices and cloud systems. 
     Also, in various embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a battery installation with security screws for theft deterrence in cell site shelters and the like. Specifically, the battery installation utilizes security screws in various configurations for anchoring and securing batteries on site, such as at a cell site. Further, a method of installation is also described. The security screws require a specialized bit or tool for locking and tightening. Batteries can be anchored to terminal plates with the security screws. Further, the batteries can be locked together with one another forming a single unit, increasing the weight and bulk of the single unit presenting significant challenges to remove the batteries. Even further, brackets can be used with the security screws to attach the batteries to a shelf, cabinet, etc. 
     Also, in various embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a battery installation improvement apparatus and method in cell site shelters and the like. The apparatus includes an adjustable rack dimensioned to fit into small telecom cabinets or shelters and used to remove old batteries and install new batteries quickly (i.e., multiple batteries at a time) and efficiently (i.e., less labor required). The adjustable rack includes omnidirectional wheels and can be maneuvered/positioned in the shelter adjacent to a battery system. The adjustable rack includes adjustable shelves which can be positioned adjacent to old batteries for removal thereof, the apparatus can be wheeled out of the shelter to remove the old batteries, new batteries can be placed on the adjustable shelves, which can be positioned at appropriate heights based on the removal, and the apparatus can be maneuvered/positioned back to the battery system where the new batteries are provided. Advantageously, the apparatus can be used by a single installer, more than doubling the efficiency in removing/installing batteries. Also, in an embodiment, the apparatus can be used in conjunction with the security screws and installation approach. 
     § 1.0 Example Cell Site 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , in an embodiment, a diagram illustrates a side view of an example cell site  10 . The cell site  10  includes a cell tower  12 . The cell tower  12  can be any type of elevated structure, such as 100-200 feet/30-60 meters tall. Generally, the cell tower  12  is an elevated structure for holding cell site components  14 . The cell tower  12  may also include a lighting rod  16 , a warning light  18 , etc. Of course, there may various additional components associated with the cell tower  12  and the cell site  10  which are omitted for illustration purposes. In this embodiment, there are four sets  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  of cell site components  14 , such as for four different wireless service providers. In this example, the sets  20 ,  22 ,  24  include various antennas  30  for cellular service. The sets  20 ,  22 ,  24  are deployed in sectors, e.g., there can be three sectors for the cell site components—alpha, beta, and gamma. The antennas  30  are used to both transmit a radio signal to a mobile device and receive the signal from the mobile device. The antennas  30  are usually deployed as a single, groups of two, three or even four per sector. The higher the frequency of spectrum supported by the antenna  30 , the shorter the antenna  30 . For example, the antennas  30  may operate around 850 MHz, 1.9 GHz, and the like. The set  26  includes a microwave dish  32  which can be used to provide other types of wireless connectivity, besides cellular service. There may be other embodiments where the cell tower  12  is omitted and replaced with other types of elevated structures such as roofs, water tanks, etc. 
     To support the various cell site components and their operation thereof, the cell site  10  includes a shelter  50  (which can also be referred to as a cabinet, house, etc.) which include electronics and other networking equipment to support the functionality and operation. The shelter  50  can include a battery system which supports power for the various equipment at the cell site  10  when a primary power source is unavailable. The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for improving installation efficiency of individual batteries in the battery system. The apparatus and method are illustrated herein referencing the cell site  10  and the shelter  50 , but those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize other applications are also contemplated in the telecom and data communications space. 
     § 2.0 Example Shelter 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , in an embodiment, a diagram illustrates an interior  52  of a shelter  50  at the cell site  10 . Generally, the shelter  50  houses equipment associated with the cell site  10  such as wireless RF terminals  60  (e.g., LTE terminals), wireless backhaul equipment  62 , power distribution  64 , and the like. Generally, wireless RF terminals  60  connect to the cell site components  14  for providing associated wireless service. The wireless backhaul equipment  62  includes networking equipment to bring the associated wireless service signals to a wireline network, such as via fiber optics or the like. The power distribution  64  provides power for all of the equipment such as from the grid as well as a battery backup to enable operation in the event of power failures. Of course, additional equipment and functionality are contemplated in the interior  52 . The terminals  60 , equipment  62 , and the power distribution  64  can be realized as rack or frame mounted hardware with cabling  66  and with associated modules  68 . The modules  68  can be pluggable modules which are selectively inserted in the hardware and each can include unique identifiers  70  such as barcodes, Quick Response (QR) codes, RF Identification (RFID), physical labeling, color coding, or the like. Each module  918  can be unique with a serial number, part number, and/or functional identifier. The modules  68  are configured as needed to provide the associated functionality of the cell site. 
     The power distribution  64  can receive power from a primary source which is typically a local power provider. To support resiliency and redundancy when the primary source is unavailable, e.g., during a power outage, the shelter  50  can include a battery system  80  which can also be coupled to the power distribution  64 . The present disclosure relates to an apparatus which is maneuverable in the shelter  50  to remove/install batteries in the battery system  80 . 
     § 3.0 Battery System for a Shelter or the Like 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , in an embodiment, a block diagram illustrates an example battery system  80 . The battery system  80  can include N batteries  82 , N being an integer such as 4, 8, 16, 48, etc. (N=8 in the example of  FIG. 3 ). The number of batteries  82  is selected based on the amount of equipment associated with the cell site  10  and the amount of backup time desired. Typically, the number of batteries is 4 or more. The battery system  80  can include a housing  84 , such as a frame, rack, etc. with openings for each of the batteries  82 . For example, the housing  84  can have a rectangular shape with rows  86 ,  88  of the batteries  82  at various heights. The example of  FIG. 3  includes two rows  86 ,  88 , but other embodiments are also contemplated such as a single row, more than two rows, etc. 
     The batteries  82  can be selectively plugged/unplugged into the housing  84  of the battery system  80 . The housing  84  supports connectivity between the batteries  82  and to the power distribution  64  as well as monitoring of the batteries  82 . In other embodiments, the battery system  80  can omit the housing  84  where the batteries  82  are directly connected to one another and supported, for example, by shelves or simply placed on the ground and on top of one another. The batteries  82  can include a handle  90  or the like for an installer to handle physically. 
     § 4.0 Battery Installation Apparatus 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , in an embodiment, a diagram illustrates a battery installation apparatus  100  for assisting in the removal and installation of the batteries  82  in the shelter  50 . The battery installation apparatus  100  is a maneuverable frame  102  with omnidirectional wheels  104 . Specifically, the frame  102  can include four vertical support posts  106 ,  108 ,  110 ,  112  each connected to one of the omnidirectional wheels  104 . The shape of the frame  102  is generally rectangular, similar to the battery system  80 . A front side  114  of the frame is open, and a rear side  116  includes support bars  118  connected between the posts  108 ,  110 . The sides of the frame  102  include support bars  120  between the posts  110 ,  112  and the posts  106 ,  108 . 
     The apparatus  100  can include a fixed bottom shelf  130  connected or disposed to the posts  106 ,  108 ,  110 ,  112 . The apparatus  100  can also include a moveable shelf  132 . The moveable shelf  132  is adjustable based on four pulleys  140 ,  142 ,  144 ,  146 . The pulley  140  includes a handle  148  that is adapted to rotate to move a rope or other winch type mechanism which is connected to the other pulleys  142 ,  144 ,  146  as well. Movement of the handle  148  causes the moveable shelf  132  to move vertically evenly in either direction (based on the rotation direction of the handle  148 ). When the handle  148  is stationary, the moveable shelf  132  remains fixed in place. 
     The shelves  130 ,  132  are configured to support the batteries  82 . Specifically, the apparatus  100  is dimensioned to support the N batteries  82 , sort of like a mobile battery system  80 . The moveable shelf  132  is vertically adjusted to match the height of the second row of the batteries  82  in the battery system  80 . 
     In an embodiment, a battery installation apparatus for installing and removing batteries in a shelter or cabinet includes a frame comprising four posts, wherein the frame is dimensioned to maneuver in the shelter or cabinet; a lower shelf fixed to the frame; an upper shelf moveable on the frame, wherein each of the lower shelf and the upper shelf are dimensioned to support the batteries; and omnidirectional wheels disposed to each of the four posts. 
     To install the batteries, a plurality of batteries are placed on the lower shelf and the upper shelf; the frame is moved into the shelter or cabinet to a location proximate and adjacent to a battery system in the shelter or cabinet; the upper shelf is adjusted based on the battery system; and each of the plurality of batteries is moved to the battery system. To remove the batteries, the frame is moved into the shelter or cabinet to a location proximate and adjacent to a battery system in the shelter or cabinet; old batteries from the battery system are placed on the upper shelf and the lower shelf; the frame is moved out of the shelter or cabinet; and the old batteries are removed. 
     The frame can be dimensioned based on a size of the battery system and a size of the shelter or cabinet. The battery installation apparatus can further include a pulley system coupled to the four posts to raise and lower a shelf of the shelves vertically. The pulley system can include a handle which is rotated to move the upper shelf and which holds the upper shelf when the handle is stationary. The battery installation apparatus can include a rectangular shape. The plurality of batteries can include N batteries, N=4, 8, 16, 24, or 48. The battery installation apparatus can be operated by a single installer. The shelter or cabinet can be at a cell site. 
     § 5.0 Battery Installation Method 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , in an embodiment, a flowchart illustrates a battery installation method  200  for assisting in the removal and installation of the batteries  82  in the shelter  50  using the battery installation apparatus  100 . The battery installation method  200  includes placing a plurality of batteries on shelves of a battery installation apparatus (step  202 ); moving the battery installation apparatus into the shelter or cabinet to a location proximate and adjacent to a battery system in the shelter or cabinet (step  204 ); adjusting an upper shelf of the shelves on the battery installation apparatus based on the battery system (step  206 ); and moving each of the plurality of batteries from the shelves to the battery system (step  208 ). The battery installation method can further include, prior to step  202 , moving the battery installation apparatus into the shelter or cabinet to the location; removing old batteries from the battery system and placing the old batteries on the shelves; moving the battery installation apparatus out of the shelter or cabinet; and removing the old batteries. 
     The battery installation apparatus can be dimensioned based on a size of the battery system and a size of the shelter or cabinet. The battery installation apparatus can include omnidirectional wheels for maneuverability. The battery installation apparatus can include a frame with posts supporting the shelves and with a pulley system to vertically raise and lower a shelf of the shelves. The battery installation apparatus can include a rectangular shape with a lower shelf fixed to a frame. The moving can be through a pulley system which rotates a handle to move the upper shelf and holds the upper shelf when the handle is stationary. The plurality of batteries can include N batteries, N=4, 8, 16, 24, or 48. The method  200  can be performed by a single installer. The shelter or cabinet can be at a cell site. 
     § 6.0 Security Screws for Battery Installation 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , in an embodiment, a diagram illustrates an example of a security screw  300 . As described herein, the security screw  300  and other security screws have unique designs that make them virtually impossible to remove without specialized tools. The security screws can be referred to as tamper proof, tamper resistant, etc. The systems and methods described herein contemplate the use of any type of security screw. Common examples of tamper resistant screws are one-way screws, spanner screws, and a tamper-resistant Allen-head screw with a protruding pin keeping regular Allen wrenches from working. A one-way screw has counter-clockwise ramps in the screw&#39;s head. A screw-driver turned clockwise engages the screw-head and forces it to rotate, but a screw-driver turned counter-clockwise slides up the ramps and accomplishes nothing. The intention is that the screws can be installed with a standard screw-driver but cannot be easily removed without a special removal tool that digs into the ramps to get a good grip. 
     A spanner screw has two small holes drilled in its head and is designed to be installed and removed with a special spanner screw-driver. The security screw  300  is an example of a spanner screw. A tamper-resistant Allen-head screw is designed to be removed only with a specially modified Allen wrench having a small hole drilled in its end to accept the protruding pin in the head of the screw. Also, the security screws can have unique, proprietary designs making them more tamper resistant than off-the-shelf variants such as the spanner screw. Again, the systems and methods described herein contemplate the use of any type of security screw. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , in an embodiment, a diagram illustrates a battery  400  with security screws  300  attaching terminals  402 ,  404  to terminal plates  406 ,  408 . The battery  400  can be square or rectangular shaped, and the battery  400  can be positioned and installed with the battery installation apparatus  100 . The battery  400  includes terminals  402 ,  404  (e.g., a positive and a negative terminal) which need to be connected to corresponding leads (not shown) to connect the battery  400 . Note, the battery  400  can be connected in various ways (e.g., series, parallel, etc.) with other batteries. The terminals  402 ,  404  are connected to terminal plates  406 ,  408  respectively and the terminal plates  406 ,  408  are ultimately connected to the leads. This connection is both a physical connection, locking the battery  400  in place, and an electrical connection. 
     In the systems and methods, the terminals  402 ,  404  are physically connected to the terminal plates  406 ,  408  using the security screws  300  (or any variant of security, tamper proof, or tamper resistant screw). The security screws  300  are used in lieu of conventional screws. On-site installation personnel is equipped with an associated unique tool to fasten and tighten the security screws  300  physically connecting the terminals  402 ,  404  with the terminal plates  406 ,  408 . Note, the terminal plates  406 ,  408  can also be connected at an opposite end via the security screws  300 . The security screws  300  have minimal increased cost from conventional screws and add little to no additional installation time. At the same time, the security screws  300  advantageously lock the battery  400  in place, minimizing the risk of theft. That is, once installed, the battery  400  is physically locked and cannot be undone without the unique tool. 
     Also, paint can be applied to the security screw  300 , the terminals  402 ,  404 , and the terminal plates  406 ,  408  after the security screw  300  is tightened. The paint is for quality control, to show that the steps have been taken to appropriately tighten the security screw  300  (to the specified torque)—assumption is made that if someone takes the trouble to apply the paint, they have appropriately tightened the screw. And, if the paint is applied and dries in place on a tightened security screw  300  and then is found to be broken, the security screw  300  is no longer tight—an easy visual confirmation of appropriately tightened connections. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 8 and 9 , in an embodiment, diagrams illustrate a bracket  500  fastened to a housing  502  via the security screws  300 . The bracket  500  can be used in conjunction with the security screws  300  between the terminals  402 ,  404  and the terminal plates  406 ,  408 . The bracket  500  locks the batteries  400  together to a structure, i.e., the housing  502 . For example, the housing  502  can be part of a cabinet or the like.  FIG. 10  illustrates the batteries  400  installed in an outside plant cabinet. The bracket  500  locks the batteries  400  together as a single unit and provides protection from removal. The bracket  500  can also hold the batteries  400  in place. 
     Referring to  FIG. 11 , in an embodiment, a flowchart illustrates a battery installation method  600  with security screws for theft deterrence in cell site shelters and the like. The battery installation method  600  includes placing one or more batteries in the shelter or cabinet (step  602 ); connecting terminals on each of the one or more batteries to associated terminal plates with associated security screws (step  604 ); and connecting a bracket to a housing in the shelter or cabinet with associated security screws, wherein the bracket spans across the one or more batteries (step  606 ). The security screws are installed with a unique tool specially designed for the associated security screws to deter tampering. The security screws can include spanner screws, one-way screws, or tamper-resistant Allen-head screws each with a protruding pin. The security screws can include uniquely designed screw heads with a corresponding unique tool. 
     The placing step  602  can include placing the one or more batteries on shelves of a battery installation apparatus; moving the battery installation apparatus into the shelter or cabinet to a location proximate and adjacent to a battery system in the shelter or cabinet; adjusting an upper shelf of the shelves on the battery installation apparatus based on the battery system; and moving each of the one or more batteries from the shelves to the battery system. The battery installation method  600  can further include moving the battery installation apparatus into the shelter or cabinet to the location; removing old batteries from the battery system and placing the old batteries on the shelves; moving the battery installation apparatus out of the shelter or cabinet; and removing the old batteries. 
     The battery installation apparatus can be dimensioned based on a size of the battery system and a size of the shelter or cabinet. The battery installation apparatus can include omnidirectional wheels for maneuverability. The battery installation apparatus can include a frame with posts supporting the shelves and with a pulley system to vertically raise and lower a shelf of the shelves. The battery installation apparatus can include a rectangular shape with a lower shelf fixed to a frame. The moving can be through a pulley system which rotates a handle to move the upper shelf and holds the upper shelf when the handle is stationary. The one or more batteries can include N batteries, N=4, 8, 16, 24, or 48. The battery installation method  600  can be performed by a single installer. The shelter or cabinet is at a cell site. 
     § 7.0 Used Battery Handling and Recycling 
     Referring to  FIG. 12 , in an embodiment, a flowchart illustrates a battery recycling method  700 . The battery recycling method  700  is implemented at one or more of the cell sites  10  and a staging location (e.g., a warehouse, etc.) and can utilize the battery installation apparatus  100  and/or the security screws  300 . Again, objectives of the battery recycling method  700  include i) safety—ensuring the used batteries are properly removed, stored, and transported, ii) efficiency—dealing with multiple cell sites  10  efficiently, and iii) compliance—ensuring the batteries are properly recycled. 
     The battery recycling method  700  initiates on site with uniquely identifying and marking used batteries (step  702 ). Specifically, step  702  includes arriving on site such as at the cell site  10  and identifying the used batteries  82 . The used batteries  82  can be uniquely identified or tagged as they are removed from the cell site  10 . For example, the battery recycling method  700  can include the use of a mobile device  800  which is used to track the used batteries  82  electronically. The mobile device  800  can execute an application or browser to communicate/store data on a back-end server or in the cloud related to the uniquely identified and marked batteries  82 . For example, a technician assisting in performing the battery recycling method  700  can note the quantity, make, model, etc. of the used batteries via the mobile device  800  and the mobile device  800  can provide this data to the back-end server or the cloud for tracking and compliance. For example, once the data is input in step  702 , the technician can confirm prior to, concurrent with, or subsequent to the removal of the batteries  82  for transport from the cell site  10  to a warehouse/temporary staging facility. 
     Also, as part of the uniquely identifying and marking used batteries, a certificate of recycling can be generated stating that the company performing the battery recycling method  700  has taken ownership of the used batteries  82  along with language that confirms the battery recycling method  700  will be followed and performed to comply with applicable regulations (e.g., Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines, etc.). The certificate of recycling can also identify the recycling facility, etc. and the purpose of the certificate of recycling is to allow the cell site  10  operator assurances regarding proper procedures and transfer of liability. Again, the certificate of recycling can be electronic, through the back-end server or the cloud. 
     The used batteries  82  are packaged and removed from the cell site  10  (step  704 ). The used batteries  82  can be any size, e.g., 12V which is about 2-3 times the size of a typical car battery, or the like. For example, the removal of the used batteries  82  can utilize the battery installation apparatus  100  to efficiently remove the batteries  82  from the cell site  10 . The used batteries  82  are packaged such as placed on pallets or the like and removed from the cell site  10  for staging, such as at the warehouse/temporary staging facility (step  706 ). The battery recycling method  700  contemplates the technician or multiple technicians visiting one or more cell sites  10  and performing steps  702 ,  704  at the cell site  10  and step  706  as a transportation step between the cell site  10  and the warehouse/temporary staging facility. For example, multiple cell sites  10  can be visited for removing batteries  82  before returning to the warehouse/temporary staging facility. 
     At the warehouse/temporary staging facility, after a certain number of used batteries  82  have been staged, the used batteries  82  are packaged for recycling in a safe manner (step  708 ). The safe manner includes various steps and packaging to ensure the used batteries  82  can be safely transported to the recycling facility. For example, the packaging must include insulation to protect battery leads from touching metal or the like during transport. The packaging can include a cardboard or wooden box with form fitting slots for each battery  82 , and the box can sit on a pallet. Alternatively, the batteries  82  can be directly placed on a pallet such as with an empty sheet of cardboard (or wood or other suitable insulating material) placed on top of the empty pallet. The sheet of cardboard can include markings with lines and with identifiers. The technicians can place each battery  82  on an empty space based on the markings. Also, the associated identifier can be noted, such as through the mobile device  800 . For example, battery X which was uniquely identified at cell site A was placed on pallet N in space  1 . That is, during the lifecycle of the battery recycling method  700 , each time the battery  82  is moved or packaged, this can be noted via the mobile device  800 . 
       FIG. 13  is a perspective diagram of a pallet  750 , an insulation sheet  752 , and a top sheet  754  without the batteries  82 . The pallet  750  can be wooden, metal, plastic, etc. and configured to be picked up by a forklift or the like. The insulation sheet  752  can be the empty sheet of cardboard (or wood or other suitable insulating material) placed on top of the empty pallet  750 . The insulation sheet  752  includes lines  756  showing where to place each battery  82 , and each box can include a unique label  758  for identifying a location of each battery  82  for tracking. Note, the mobile device  800  is described later, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the tracking at each step can take various approaches including manual data entry, photos, bar code scanning, RFID, etc. 
     Once a complete layer of batteries  82  is placed on the pallet  750  or in the box, another sheet of cardboard (or wood or other suitable insulating material) is placed on top of the batteries  82 . Further, each of the batteries  82  can have a tape or similar adhesive with insulating properties placed on the terminals to prevent contact or leaking during transport. The layering of the batteries  82  can be repeated until a certain height is achieved on the pallet  750 , e.g., three rows. The top layer of batteries  82  can have another sheet of cardboard (or wood or other suitable insulating material) placed on top, and this can be referred to as a top sheet of cardboard, i.e., the top sheet  754 . Similar to the insulation sheet  752 , the top sheet  754  can include an empty sheet of cardboard (or wood or other suitable insulating material). Also, the top sheet  754  can have sides that extend beyond the outer edge of the top row of batteries  82 . 
     Once the top sheet  754  is placed on a full pallet  750 , the pallet  750  can be banded through the bottom of the pallet  750  and around the batteries  82  such as using a poly type material strapping to secure the load as a single unit that does not shift during transport. It is important to avoid any metal in strapping down the batteries  82  to avoid any contact with the used batteries  82 . The pallet  750  can also be wrapped in shrink wrap or the like covering the outer edges of the top row of batteries  82  down to and including around the outside corner of the pallet  750 . 
     The pallet  750  can be labeled with appropriate information including warnings such as non-combustible and other relevant information such as the site ID and quantity, make, a model of batteries and estimated weight for each pallet  750 . The pallet  750  can also be labeled with number tracking, e.g., pallet 1 of 15, 2 of 15, etc. 
     With the label and the completely packed pallet  750 , the battery recycling method  700  can include a verification step where a photo is taken of the pallet  750  including the label, and this photo can be uploaded to the back-end server or the cloud and correlated with each battery  82  being tracked. This photo can serve as a confirmation that the batteries  82  were packed and loaded on the pallet  750  and are ready to ship. 
     With packed pallets  750 , the packed, used batteries  82  are sent to a recycling facility (step  710 ). For example, a Bill of Lading (BOL) can be prepared for shipment document the total number of pallets and estimated weight for shipment. 
     Importantly, the used batteries  82  are tracked at each step in the battery recycling method  700 , such as using the mobile device  800  and the back-end server/cloud. Various reports can be generated including an inventory label sheet—an overall document created that shows batteries by pallet #, battery quantity, make &amp; model and site origin. Also, this information can be accessible by the cell site owner  10  on demand, e.g., a process map which shows where the used batteries  82  are in the battery recycling method  700 . 
     Once a final recycling certificate is received, the overall document is attached to verify the tracking of batteries at the individual level from removal to recycle (step  714 ). For example, the recycling certificate can be used for liability issues—battery X was found in a landfill, and there is a fine or the like—the cell site operator now has a document showing the liability resides with the operator of the battery recycling method  700 . 
     The battery recycling method  700  can be adapted to different service providers, and the interface between the back-end server/cloud can be programmed to interface with back office systems for various service providers to automate various data exchanges. Also, the back-end server/cloud can include scheduling applications such as to schedule pick ups, new battery installations, etc. 
     § 8.0 Example Computing Device 
     Referring to  FIG. 14 , in an embodiment, a block diagram illustrates a mobile device  800  or general computing device, which may be used for the tracking aspects of the battery recycling method  700  and the back-end server/cloud. The mobile device  800  can be a digital device that, in terms of hardware architecture, generally includes a processor  802 , input/output (I/O) interfaces  804 , a network interface  806 , a data store  808 , and memory  810 . It should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that  FIG. 14  depicts the mobile device  800  in an oversimplified manner, and a practical embodiment may include additional components and suitably configured processing logic to support known or conventional operating features that are not described in detail herein. The components ( 802 ,  804 ,  806 ,  808 , and  802 ) are communicatively coupled via a local interface  812 . The local interface  812  can be, for example, but not limited to, one or more buses or other wired or wireless connections, as is known in the art. The local interface  812  can have additional elements, which are omitted for simplicity, such as controllers, buffers (caches), drivers, repeaters, and receivers, among many others, to enable communications. Further, the local interface  812  may include address, control, and/or data connections to enable appropriate communications among the aforementioned components. 
     The processor  802  is a hardware device for executing software instructions. The processor  802  can be any custom made or commercially available processor, a central processing unit (CPU), an auxiliary processor among several processors associated with the mobile device  800 , a semiconductor-based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip or chip set), or generally any device for executing software instructions. When the mobile device  800  is in operation, the processor  802  is configured to execute software stored within the memory  810 , to communicate data to and from the memory  810 , and to generally control operations of the mobile device  800  pursuant to the software instructions. In an embodiment, the processor  802  may include a mobile-optimized processor such as optimized for power consumption and mobile applications. The I/O interfaces  804  can be used to receive user input from and/or for providing system output. User input can be provided via, for example, a keypad, a touch screen, a scroll ball, a scroll bar, buttons, barcode scanner, and the like. System output can be provided via a display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), touch screen, and the like. The I/O interfaces  304  can also include, for example, a serial port, a parallel port, a small computer system interface (SCSI), an infrared (IR) interface, a radio frequency (RF) interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, and the like. The I/O interfaces  804  can include a graphical user interface (GUI) that enables a user to interact with the mobile device  810 . Additionally, the I/O interfaces  804  may further include an imaging device, i.e., camera, video camera, etc. used to obtain data such as from a barcode, Quick Response (QR) code, etc. 
     The network interface  806  enables wireless communication to an external access device or network. Any number of suitable wireless data communication protocols, techniques, or methodologies can be supported by the network interface  806 , including, without limitation: RF; IrDA (infrared); Bluetooth; ZigBee (and other variants of the IEEE 802.15 protocol); IEEE 802.11 (any variation); IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX or any other variation); Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum; Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum; Long Term Evolution (LTE); cellular/wireless/cordless telecommunication protocols (e.g. 3G/4G, etc.); wireless home network communication protocols; proprietary wireless data communication protocols such as variants of Wireless USB; and any other protocols for wireless communication. For the back-end server/cloud, the network interface  806  can include a wired network interface such as an Ethernet variant. The data store  808  may be used to store data. The data store  808  may include any of volatile memory elements (e.g., random access memory (RAM, such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, and the like)), nonvolatile memory elements (e.g., ROM, hard drive, tape, CDROM, and the like), and combinations thereof. Moreover, the data store  808  may incorporate electronic, magnetic, optical, and/or other types of storage media. 
     The memory  810  may include any of volatile memory elements (e.g., random access memory (RAM, such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, etc.)), nonvolatile memory elements (e.g., ROM, hard drive, etc.), and combinations thereof. Moreover, the memory  810  may incorporate electronic, magnetic, optical, and/or other types of storage media. Note that the memory  810  may have a distributed architecture, where various components are situated remotely from one another but can be accessed by the processor  802 . The software in memory  810  can include one or more software programs, each of which includes an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions. In the example of  FIG. 14 , the software in the memory  810  includes a suitable operating system (O/S)  814  and programs  816 . The operating system  814  essentially controls the execution of other computer programs and provides scheduling, input-output control, file and data management, memory management, and communication control and related services. The programs  816  may include various applications, add-ons, etc. configured to provide end user functionality with the mobile device  800 . For example, example programs  816  may include, but not limited to, a web browser, social networking applications, streaming media applications, games, mapping and location applications, electronic mail applications, and the like. In a typical example, the end user typically uses one or more of the programs  816  along with a network connection to the back-end server/cloud. The programs  816  can include a tracking app which is used during the battery recycling method  700 . 
     § 9.0 Cell Site Audit/Inspection/Site Survey 
     In general, a cell site audit (or site inspection, site survey, etc.) is performed to gather information and identify a state of the cell site  10 . This is used to check the installation, maintenance, and/or operation of the cell site  10 . Various aspects of the cell site audit can include, without limitation: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Verify the cell site 10 is built according to a current revision 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Equipment Labeling 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Coax Cable (“Coax”) Bend Radius 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Coax Color Coding/Tagging 
               
               
                   
                 Check for Coax External Kinks &amp; Dents 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Coax Ground Kits 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Coax Hanger/Support 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Coax Jumpers 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Coax Size 
               
               
                   
                 Check for Connector Stress &amp; Distortion 
               
               
                   
                 Check for Connector Weatherproofing 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Correct Duplexers/Diplexers Installed 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Duplexer/Diplexer Mounting 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Duplexers/Diplexers Installed Correctly 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Fiber Paper 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Lacing &amp; Tie Wraps 
               
               
                   
                 Check for Loose or Cross-Threaded Coax Connectors 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Return (“Ret”) Cables 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Ret Connectors 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Ret Grounding 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Ret Installation 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Ret Lightning Protection Unit (LPI) 
               
               
                   
                 Check for Shelter/Cabinet Penetrations 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Surge Arrestor Installation/Grounding 
               
               
                   
                 Verify Site Cleanliness 
               
               
                   
                 Verify LTE GPS Antenna Installation 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Of note, the cell site audit includes gathering information at and inside the shelter  50 , on the cell tower  12 , and at the cell site components  14 . The cell site audit (site inspection, site survey, etc.) is used for various purposes including to verify proper installation, proper maintenance, and proper operation over time. 
     § 9.1 Torque Mark to Verify Power and Equipment Connections 
     It can be difficult to remotely verify connections such as battery connections, coax connections, etc. The systems and methods described herein provide a mechanism to visually and even remotely verify connection veracity merely by visual inspection. Referring to  FIG. 15 , in an embodiment, a picture illustrates a torque mark  850  on the connection between the terminals  402 ,  404  and the terminal plates  406 ,  608  for the battery  400 . The torque mark  850  can be paint applied between the terminals  402 ,  404  and the terminal plates  406 ,  608  once the connections are appropriately torqued after installation. The torque mark  850 , when initially made, visually indicates a quality connection. The torque mark  850  paint is any paint that will not negatively interact chemically with the battery  400 , and thus fail, fade, etc. In an embodiment, the torque mark  850  paint is colored for easy visual inspection, such as red, yellow, or some other bright color. Of note, the color of the torque mark  850  paint should be distinct from the color of the underlying equipment (which is typically silver, gray, etc.). If the torque mark  850  is broken, it can visually be determined there is a problem with the connection. 
     While  FIG. 15  illustrates the battery  400 , those skilled in the art will recognize the torque mark  850  can be used on any connection, e.g., bolted connection in the shelter  50 . For example, the torque mark  850  can be applied to racks/battery cases/power plants to show they have been appropriately anchored to the floor. 
     Also, the torque mark  850  contemplates any material or the like which can be physically attached to both ends of the connection and which would break or visually show signs of decay based on the connection losing torque. For example, the torque mark  850  can be paint, a marker, cellophane, tape, wax or wax-like compound, silicon, etc. Also, for ease of application, the material for the torque mark  850  can have an adhesive that is removed allowing for quick application. Alternatively, the material for the torque mark  850  can be dispensed through a dispensing apparatus. 
     The torque mark  850  can be applied across a top of the bolt in a line extending onto the surface of the object the bolt is connected to. If the bolt loosens, the torque mark  850  will break and/or fall off. Thus, simple visual inspection can confirm that the connections are still at the torque they were originally tightened to. Advantageously, the torque mark  850  as paint does not fade as a pen or marker would. Further, the torque mark  850  is easily verified remotely through virtual site surveys as described herein. 
     In an embodiment, the security screws  300  do not use washers for installation. Also, the torque mark  850  should not get into the bolt head. 
     § 10.0 3D Modeling Systems and Methods for Cell Site Audits 
     Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and photo data capture can be used for remote, virtual site surveys, audits, inspections, etc. of the cell site  10 , specifically the shelter  50 . The photo data capture can be through any means, including portable cameras, fixed cameras, heads up displays (HUD), head mounted cameras, and the like. The systems and methods described herein contemplate the data capture through any available technique. Referring to  FIG. 16 , in an embodiment, a diagram illustrates an example interior  900  of a building  902 , such as the shelter  50 , at the cell site  10 . Generally, the building  902  houses equipment associated with the cell site  10  such as wireless RF terminals  910  (e.g., LTE terminals), wireless backhaul equipment  912 , power distribution  914 , the batteries  400 , and the like. Generally, wireless RF terminals  910  connect to the cell site components  14  for providing associated wireless service. The wireless backhaul equipment  912  includes networking equipment to bring the associated wireless service signals to a wireline network, such as via fiber optics or the like. The power distribution  914  provides power for all of the equipment such as from the grid as well as a battery backup to enable operation in the event of power failures. Of course, additional equipment and functionality are contemplated in the interior  900 . 
     The terminals  910 , equipment  912 , and the power distribution  914  can be realized as rack or frame mounted hardware with cabling  916  and with associated modules  918 . The modules  918  can be pluggable modules which are selectively inserted in the hardware and each can include unique identifiers  920  such as barcodes, Quick Response (QR) codes, RF Identification (RFID), physical labeling, color coding, or the like. Each module  918  can be unique with a serial number, part number, and/or functional identifier. The modules  918  are configured as needed to provide the associated functionality of the cell site. 
     The systems and methods include photo data capture in the interior  900  for 3D modeling and for virtual site surveys. The photo data capture can be performed by a fixed, rotatable camera  930  located in the interior  900 . The camera  930  can be communicatively coupled to a Data Communication Network (DCN), such as through the wireless backhaul equipment  912  or the like. The camera  930  can be remotely controlled, such as by an engineer performing a site survey from his or her office. Other techniques of photo data capture can include an on-site technician taking photos with a camera and uploading them to a cloud service or the like. Again, the systems and methods contemplate any type of data capture. 
     Again, with a plurality of photos, e.g., hundreds, it is possible to utilize photogrammetry to create a 3D model of the interior  900  (as well as a 3D model of the exterior as described above). The 3D model is created using physical cues in the photos to identify objects of interest, such as the modules  918 , the unique identifiers  920 , or the like. 
     § 11.0 Virtual Site Survey 
     Referring to  FIG. 17 , in an embodiment, a flowchart illustrates a virtual site survey process  950  for the cell site  10 . The virtual site survey process  950  is associated with the cell site  10  and utilizes three-dimensional (3D) models for remote performance, i.e., at an office as opposed to in the field. The virtual site survey process  950  includes obtaining a plurality of photographs of a cell site including a cell tower and one or more buildings and interiors thereof (step  952 ); subsequent to the obtaining, processing the plurality of photographs to define a three dimensional (3D) model of the cell site based on one or more objects of interest in the plurality of photographs (step  954 ); and remotely performing a site survey of the cell site utilizing a Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the 3D model to collect and obtain information about the cell site, the cell tower, the one or more buildings, and the interiors thereof (step  956 ). The 3D model is a combination of an exterior of the cell site including the cell tower and associated cell site components thereon, geography local to the cell site, and the interiors of the one or more buildings at the cell site, and the 3D model can include detail at a module level in the interiors. 
     The remotely performing the site survey can include determining equipment location on the cell tower and in the interiors; measuring distances between the equipment and within the equipment to determine actual spatial location; and determining connectivity between the equipment based on associated cabling. The remotely performing the site survey can include planning for one or more of new equipment and changes to existing equipment at the cell site through drag and drop operations in the GUI, wherein the GUI includes a library of equipment for the drag and drop operations; and, subsequent to the planning, providing a list of the one or more of the new equipment and the changes to the existing equipment based on the library, for implementation thereof. The remotely performing the site survey can include providing one or more of the photographs of an associated area of the 3D model responsive to an operation in the GUI. The virtual site survey process  950  can include rendering a texture map of the interiors responsive to an operation in the GUI. 
     The virtual site survey process  950  can include performing an inventory of equipment at the cell site including cell site components on the cell tower and networking equipment in the interiors, wherein the inventory from the 3D model uniquely identifies each of the equipment based on associated unique identifiers. The remotely performing the site survey can include providing an equipment visual in the GUI of a rack and all associated modules therein. The obtaining can include obtaining the photographs on the cell tower, and the obtaining includes one or more of a fixed and portable camera obtaining the photographs in the interior. The obtaining can be performed by an on-site technician at the cell site, and the site survey can be remotely performed. 
     In another embodiment, an apparatus adapted to perform a virtual site survey of a cell site utilizing three-dimensional (3D) models for remote performance includes a network interface and a processor communicatively coupled to one another; and memory storing instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to receive, via the network interface, a plurality of photographs of a cell site including a cell tower and one or more buildings and interiors thereof; process the plurality of photographs to define a three dimensional (3D) model of the cell site based on one or more objects of interest in the plurality of photographs, subsequent to receiving the photographs; and provide a Graphical User Interface of the 3D model for remote performance of a site survey of the cell site utilizing the 3D model to collect and obtain information about the cell site, the cell tower, the one or more buildings, and the interiors thereof. 
     In a further embodiment, a non-transitory computer readable medium includes instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform the steps of receiving a plurality of photographs of a cell site including a cell tower and one or more buildings and interiors thereof; processing the plurality of photographs to define a three dimensional (3D) model of the cell site based on one or more objects of interest in the plurality of photographs, subsequent to receiving the photographs; and rendering a Graphical User Interface of the 3D model for remote performance of a site survey of the cell site utilizing the 3D model to collect and obtain information about the cell site, the cell tower, the one or more buildings, and the interiors thereof. 
     The virtual site survey can perform anything remotely that traditionally would have required on-site presence, including the various aspects of the cell site audit  40  described herein. The GUI of the 3D model can be used to check plumbing of coaxial cabling, connectivity of all cabling, automatic identification of cabling endpoints such as through unique identifiers detected on the cabling, and the like. The GUI can further be used to check power plant and batteries, power panels, physical hardware, grounding, heating and air conditioning, generators, safety equipment, and the like. 
     The 3D model can be utilized to automatically provide engineering drawings, such as responsive to the planning for new equipment or changes to existing equipment. Here, the GUI can have a library of equipment (e.g., approved equipment and vendor information can be periodically imported into the GUI). Normal drag and drop operations in the GUI can be used for equipment placement from the library. Also, the GUI system can include error checking, e.g., a particular piece of equipment is incompatible with placement or in violation of policies, and the like. 
     § 12.0 Close-Out Audit Systems and Methods 
     A close-out audit is done to document and verify the work performed at the cell site  10 . The systems and methods eliminate the separate third-party inspection firm for the close-out audit. The systems and methods include the installers (i.e., from the third-party installation firm, the owner, the operator, etc.) performing video capture subsequent to the installation and maintenance and using various techniques to obtain data from the video capture for the close-out audit. The close-out audit can be performed off-site with the data from the video capture thereby eliminating unnecessary tower climbs, site visits, and the like. 
     Referring to  FIG. 18 , in an embodiment, a flowchart illustrates a close-out audit method  1000  performed at a cell site subsequent to maintenance or installation work. The close-out audit method  1000  includes, subsequent to the maintenance or installation work, obtaining video capture of cell site components associated with the work (step  1002 ); subsequent to the video capture, processing the video capture to obtain data for the close-out audit, wherein the processing comprises identifying the cell site components associated with the work (step  1004 ); and creating a close-out audit package based on the processed video capture, wherein the close-out audit package provides verification of the maintenance or installation work and outlines that the maintenance or installation work was performed in a manner consistent with an operator or owner&#39;s guidelines (step  1006 ). 
     The video capture can be performed by a mobile device and one or more of locally stored thereon and transmitted from the mobile device. The video capture can also be performed by a mobile device which wirelessly transmits a live video feed, and the video capture is remotely stored from the cell site. The video capture can also performed by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flown at the cell site. Further, the video capture can be a live video feed with two-way communication between an installer associated with the maintenance or installation work and personnel associated with the operator or owner to verify the maintenance or installation work. For example, the installer and the personnel can communicate to go through various items in the maintenance or installation work to check/audit the work. 
     The close-out audit method  1000  can also include creating a three-dimensional (3D) model from the video capture; determining equipment location from the 3D model; measuring distances between the equipment and within the equipment to determine actual spatial location; and determining connectivity between the equipment based on associated cabling from the 3D model. The close-out audit method  1000  can also include uniquely identifying the cell site components from the video capture and distinguishing in the close-out audit package. The close-out audit method  1000  can also include determining antenna height, azimuth, and down tilt angles for antennas in the cell site components from the video capture; and checking the antenna height, azimuth, and down tilt angles against predetermined specifications. 
     The close-out audit method  1000  can also include identifying cabling and connectivity between the cell site components from the video capture and distinguishing in the close-out audit package. The close-out audit method  1000  can also include checking a plurality of factors in the close-out audit from the video capture compared to the operator or owner&#39;s guidelines. The close-out audit method  1000  can also include checking the grounding of the cell site components from the video capture, comparing the checked grounding to the operator or owner&#39;s guidelines and distinguishing in the close-out audit package. The close-out audit method  1000  can also include checking mechanical connectivity of the cell site components to a cell tower based on the video capture and distinguishing in the close-out audit package. 
     In another embodiment, a system adapted for a close-out audit of a cell site subsequent to maintenance or installation work includes a network interface and a processor communicatively coupled to one another; and memory storing instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to, subsequent to the maintenance or installation work, obtain video capture of cell site components associated with the work; subsequent to the video capture, process the video capture to obtain data for the close-out audit, wherein the processing comprises identifying the cell site components associated with the work; and create a close-out audit package based on the processed video capture, wherein the close-out audit package provides verification of the maintenance or installation work and outlines that the maintenance or installation work was performed in a manner consistent with an operator or owner&#39;s guidelines. 
     In a further embodiment, a non-transitory computer readable medium includes instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform the steps of, subsequent to the maintenance or installation work, obtaining video capture of cell site components associated with the work; subsequent to the video capture, processing the video capture to obtain data for the close-out audit, wherein the processing comprises identifying the cell site components associated with the work; and creating a close-out audit package based on the processed video capture, wherein the close-out audit package provides verification of the maintenance or installation work and outlines that the maintenance or installation work was performed in a manner consistent with an operator or owner&#39;s guidelines. 
     The close-out audit package can include, without limitation, drawings, cell site component settings, test results, equipment lists, pictures, commissioning data, GPS data, Antenna height, azimuth and down tilt data, equipment data, serial numbers, cabling, etc. 
     § 13.0 Torque Mark—Virtual Site Survey and Close-Out Audit 
     The torque marks  850  can be applied subsequent to installation or maintenance of any connections, and these can be verified as part of the close-out audit. Subsequently, the torque marks  850  can be verified over time such as remotely via the virtual site survey. 
     § 14.0 De-Celling Battery Systems and Methods 
     Referring to  FIG. 19 , a block diagram illustrates 2V batteries which come from a manufacturer in rack modules with three cells in each. The battery modules are stacked together to make the entire case/string of batteries. Those skilled in the art will recognize other battery configurations are also contemplated and used based on the associated application requirements (backup time requirements, power requirements, space requirements, etc.). Of note, the rack module can weigh a significant amount, e.g., 700+ pounds. This makes transport and installation difficult. 
     Referring to  FIG. 20 , in an embodiment, a flowchart illustrates a battery de-celling process  1100 . The battery de-celling process  1100  is performed on batteries in a multiple-cell configuration, such as in  FIG. 19 , and the battery de-celling process  1100  is implemented at a staging (warehouse facility), in transport, and at a telecommunications site, such as the cell site  10 . 
     The battery de-celling process  1100  includes de-celling cells in a battery rack module and attaching a non-conductive bracket to the de-celled cells (step  1102 ). Step  1102  is performed prior to installing the batteries and can be performed at a staging location, such as a warehouse, at a manufacturer, etc. The de-celling includes removing individual cells from a rack module. For example, de-celling the battery in  FIG. 19  provides three separate cells and the rack module. Of course, the separate cells are easier to handle, transport, and install. 
     To aid in the removal of the cells from the modules, a spray lubricant can be used. The description herein refers to a spray lubricant, but those skilled in the art will recognize other products could also be used, such as a powder, a gel, petroleum, etc. Note, the use of the spray lubricant is based on a type/manufacturer of the batteries. That is, some brands of batteries require the spray lubricant whereas others do not. To del-cell the cells, the non-conductive bracket can be attached to one of the cell terminals (positive only or negative only), a strap can be attached to the bracket, and the cell is slid out by pulling on the strap. For example, the rack module can be positioned such that the sliding is parallel to the ground to aid in removal (not against gravity and optionally the spray lubricant assists in the sliding). Note, other embodiments are also contemplated including sliding the cells out at any angle, upside down, perpendicular, etc. 
     The individual cells are handled separately and transported to a site (step  1104 ). The site can include the cell site  10 , such as the interior  52  of the shelter  50 . Step  1104  includes the transportation from the staging location to the installation site. The individual cells and module are closer to ˜200 lbs. which is easier to handle. The cells and rack modules can then be handled separately, transported to the site, and re-assembled at the site. 
     The transport/handling of the de-celled batteries can include placement of a protective insulator layer on a pallet, and the de-celled batteries are placed on top of the protective insulator layer on the pallet. For example, the protective insulator layer can be cardboard or the like. This is similar to the battery recycling systems and methods. Also, another cardboard layer can be placed on top of the de-celled batteries to cover the battery terminals for safe transport. The cells can be banded/strapped together and banded/strapped to the pallet. Finally, the pallet can be shrink wrapped, loaded onto a truck or the like, and transported to the site. 
     Once at the site, the individual de-celled cells are reassembled and installed (step  1106 ). Specifically, the rack module is reassembled at the site, i.e., the opposite of the de-celling, including bolting empty modules together to form battery rack, optionally using the spray lubricant to ease re-insertion of cells into the rack module, etc. The re-assembled module can then be inserted into position in the shelter  50 , such as using the battery installation apparatus  100  or the like. 
     § 15.0 Handling Hazardous or Environmental, Health, and Safety (EH&amp;S) Condition Batteries 
       FIG. 21  is a flowchart of a process  1200  for handling hazardous or Environmental, Health, and Safety (EH&amp;S) condition batteries. The process  1200  includes identifying one or more batteries for removal, each of the one or more batteries having a hazardous condition associated therewith (step  1202 ); individually wrapping each of the one or more batteries and placing each wrapped battery in a container or in a location in a container (step  1204 ); tracking the container or the location in the container to the associated wrapped battery (step  1206 ); removing the container from the telecommunications site to a storage facility (step  1208 ); storing the container in the storage facility separate from other batteries (step  1210 ); provide the container to a recycling facility (step  1212 ); and verifying proper disposal of the one or more batteries based on the tracking from the telecommunications site to the storage facility and to the recycling facility (step  1214 ). 
     The identifying is to determine batteries that are hazardous or have an EH&amp;S condition. Once these are identified, these batteries must be handled separately from any other normal condition batteries being removed from the telecommunication site. Each individual battery must be wrapped in plastic to prevent additional contamination and each individual battery must then be placed in cardboard or rigid plastic container. The container should be labeled with a battery ID (site location), make, model, etc. and/or the container should be labeled with the hazardous condition. Once back at temporary staging facility (storage facility), the container should be stored separate from normal condition batteries, e.g., never taken off pallet and monitored for potential leaking. The container should not be packaged on any pallet containing other batteries for transport. A shipping coordinator should identify the EH&amp;S batteries and pallets separately on BOL to alert the smelter (recycling facility) for receiving and proper handling once it is shipped to final recycling destination. 
     The individual wrapping can utilize a plastic wrap and the container comprises a cardboard or rigid plastic container. Each of the one or more batteries can be labeled with identification which provides a location of the telecommunications site, a make, and a model. The identification can be scannable via a mobile device which communicates with a cloud system for performing the tracking and the process  1200  can further include providing alerts based on events associated with the tracking. Each of the one or more batteries can be labeled with identification indicative of the hazardous condition. The container can be both electrically ground and sealed for containing any leakage from the one or more batteries. 
     The process  1200  can further include de-celling one or more cells of the one or more batteries prior to the individually wrapping. The process  1200  can further include handling the containers by placing the containers on a pallet with protective insulator layers and transporting the pallet to the storage facility and to the recycling facility. The handling can include placing individual cells on a pallet with protective insulator layers, strapping the cells together and the cells to the pallet, shrink wrapping the pallet, and transporting the pallet to the site. 
     The removing can utilize a battery installation apparatus including a frame including four posts, wherein the frame is dimensioned to maneuver in a shelter or cabinet; a lower shelf fixed to the frame; an upper shelf moveable on the frame, wherein each of the lower shelf and the upper shelf are dimensioned to support the batteries; and omnidirectional wheels disposed to each of the four posts. The frame can be dimensioned based on a size of the battery system and a size of the shelter or cabinet. The battery installation apparatus can further include a pulley system coupled to the four posts to vertically raise and lower a shelf of the shelves. The pulley system can include a handle which is rotated to move the upper shelf and which holds the upper shelf when the handle is stationary. The battery installation apparatus can include a rectangular shape. 
     The process  1200  can further include providing a recycling certificate to an operator of the telecommunications site evidencing successful recycling of the one or more batteries. Based on the tracking, a list of battery quantity, make, model, and weight from each corresponding telecommunication site can be added to the recycling certificate indicating clear chain of custody from the telecommunication site through final disposal at the recycling center. 
     § 16.0 Power Cable Lug Connections 
     A process for power cable lug connections includes measuring the length of lug against the cable. The cable outer casing is cut back such that the exposed copper/inner cable matches the length of the lug. An appropriately sized piece of heat shrink tubing is cut and slid onto the cable above the cut/exposed portion. No-oxidation material is placed on the exposed cable section/inner cable, where the outer casing has been removed. The lug is seated onto the exposed cable section/inner cable such that the end of the lug fits snugly against the cable&#39;s outer casing. There should be no “shiner,” no exposed gap between end of the lug and the cable&#39;s outer casing that would expose the copper/inner cable. The heat shrink tube is slid down to be centered over the area where the lug and the cable&#39;s outer casing meets—extending onto the lug and over the cable&#39;s outer casing. The shrink wrap is heated to specified temperature to shrink fit onto the cable&#39;s outer casing and lug. The heat shrink ensures a non-conductive barrier is in place if the lug/cable connection loosens. 
     § 17.0 Battery Retention Techniques 
       FIG. 22  is a diagram of various batteries installed in an enclosure  1300  with a security bracket  500 .  FIGS. 23 and 24  are diagrams of a security screw  300  on the batteries  400 . In  FIG. 22 , the bracket  500  is installed across the enclosure  1300  thereby locking the batteries  400  in place. The bracket  500  is connected to the enclosure  1300  via the security screw  300 . 
     The bracket  500  is fabricated/formed with additional material on the sides to prevent or discourage cutting. Of course, it is still possible to cut the bracket  500  in place, but the additional material causes difficulty and delay. Specifically, the bracket  500  includes edges along the length on the top and bottom. These edges are fabricated with the bracket  500 . The edges make it difficult for a straight cut to the bracket  500 . The bracket  500  can have an expanded height of existing bracket, especially at the sides and covering the space between each battery (require longer cut to remove.) 
     The bracket  500  can further include a second bracket above connected thereto and which can also to be installed with security screws  300 . The bracket  500  can wrap around the sides and/or underneath the batteries  400  to further increase the difficulty of cutting the batteries out. Further, the bracket  500  can include a strong metal used in fabrication to increase difficulty of cutting (e.g., high carbon steel or other alloy type that would be difficult for a normal blade to cut). 
     In an embodiment, battery installation method in a shelter or cabinet includes responsive to placing one or more batteries in the shelter or cabinet, connecting terminals on each of the one or more batteries to associated terminal plates with associated security screws; and connecting a bracket to a housing in the shelter or cabinet with associated security screws, wherein the bracket spans across the one or more batteries and wherein the bracket comprises raised edges which deter cutting. The battery installation method can further include connecting a second bracket to the bracket and the one or more batteries with associated security screws. The bracket can include high carbon steel. 
     The security screws can be installed with a unique tool specially designed for the associated security screws to deter tampering. The security screws can include spanner screws. The security screws can include one-way screws. The security screws can include tamper-resistant Allen-head screws each with a protruding pin. The security screws can include uniquely designed screw heads with a corresponding unique tool. 
     The placing can include placing the one or more batteries on shelves of a battery installation apparatus; moving the battery installation apparatus into the shelter or cabinet to a location proximate and adjacent to a battery system in the shelter or cabinet; adjusting an upper shelf of the shelves on the battery installation apparatus based on the battery system; and moving each of the one or more batteries from the shelves to the battery system. 
     The battery installation method can further include moving the battery installation apparatus into the shelter or cabinet to the location; removing old batteries from the battery system and placing the old batteries on the shelves; moving the battery installation apparatus out of the shelter or cabinet; and removing the old batteries. 
     § 18.0 Magnetic Track System 
       FIG. 25  is a diagram of a cell site  10  and surrounding geography  1400  which can include an access road  1402 .  FIG. 26  is a diagram of a magnetic track system  1500  which can transport batteries  82 ,  400 . In a typical scenario, the batteries  82 ,  400  are loaded on a vehicle and transported to the cell site  10 . The vehicle is driven to the shelter  50  on the access road  1402 . At this point, the batteries  82 ,  400  need to be unloaded from the vehicle and brought to the interior  52  of the shelter  50 . As mentioned herein, the batteries  82 ,  400  can weigh hundreds of pounds. 
     The magnetic track system  1500  is used to more easily transport the batteries  82 ,  400  from a vehicle on the access road  1402  to the interior  52  of the shelter  50  (or a cabinet, power plant, etc.). The magnetic track system  1500  includes magnetize pods  1502  which can be attached to the battery  82 ,  400 , e.g., four pods  1502  which can be attached to each corner of a battery  82 ,  400  for transport. The magnetic track system  1500  also includes tracks  1504 , strips, or mats which can be laid down from the vehicle to the installation point of the battery  82 ,  400 . The tracks  1504  include repelling magnets which lift the battery  82 ,  400  with the pods  1502  for transport. 
     The action of the pods  1502  over the tracks  1504  removes the lifting component of battery installation. Instead, a technician can push/pull the battery  82 ,  400  to the install location. This can enable a single technician at the cell site  10 . 
     The tracks  1504  can be for a set length and if a longer length is needed, the tracks over which the battery  82 ,  400  has already passed can be moved to the front. Further, the tracks  1504  can be used for stairs, inclines, etc. Also, the pods  1502  could be attached to sides of the battery  82 ,  400  allowing a technician to apply on the other side to push the battery along the path to final destination. 
     In an embodiment, a magnetic track system for transporting batteries at a telecommunications site includes a plurality of pods which are magnetic and which are attachable to a battery; and a track system including repelling magnets, wherein the track system is selectively laid between a first point to a second point to transport the battery with the plurality of pods attached thereto, wherein the transport comprises pushing or pulling the battery along the track system. The track system can include a plurality of tracks, strips, or a rollable mat. The track system can have a length less than a distance between the first point and the second point, wherein the track system is moveable such that tracks which have already been traversed by the battery are moved to a front to accommodate the distance. 
     In another embodiment, a method using a magnetic track system for transporting batteries at a telecommunications site includes attaching a plurality of pods which are magnetic to a battery; deploying a track system including repelling magnets, wherein the track system is selectively laid between a first point to a second point to transport the battery with the plurality of pods attached thereto; and one or more of pushing or pulling the battery along the track system. 
     Although the present disclosure has been illustrated and described herein with reference to preferred embodiments and specific examples thereof, it will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that other embodiments and examples may perform similar functions and/or achieve like results. All such equivalent embodiments and examples are within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, are contemplated thereby, and are intended to be covered by the following claims.