Patent Publication Number: US-2021187211-A1

Title: Nebulizers, nebulizer cartridges and uses thereof

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure generally relates to the field of nebulizers for aerosol generation and methods of using same for treating diseases and disorders. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Nebulizers are commonly used for delivering aerosol medication to patients via the respiratory system. Desirably, for efficient delivery of medication, the aerosol should include droplets having droplet diameter sufficiently small so as to reach the lungs of the patient without being obstructed by objects or organs (such as, the inner surface of the nozzle in the nebulizer and the mouth cavity perimeters) and large enough so as to remain in the lungs during exhalation. 
     The main techniques for producing aerosol in nebulizers include vibrating Mesh technology, jet nebulizers and ultrasonic wave nebulizers. Common to these techniques is the challenge to deliver large volume of medication to the patient while keeping the diameter of the droplets within desired limits. 
     WO 2016/059630 to the inventor of the present invention discloses a nebulizer comprising a porous medium configured to produce aerosols, a displaceable wetting mechanism configured to spread a liquid over the porous medium thereby to wet the porous medium and a gas channel configured to introduce pressure gradient to the porous medium. 
     There is still need for improved wetting mechanisms for better spreading of pharmaceutical liquids in porous media for more efficient production of aerosols. 
     SUMMARY 
     The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described and illustrated in conjunction with systems, tools and methods which are meant to be exemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope. In various embodiments, one or more of the above-described problems have been reduced or eliminated, while other embodiments are directed to other advantages or improvements. 
     According to some embodiments, there are provided herein devices and systems for generating aerosols for delivery of biologically active materials, such as respiratory tract medications and/or nicotine. The delivery is taking place using pressurized air, which flows through at least one porous medium in the nebulizer cartridge, thereby generating aerosol, which exits the nebulizer through a mouthpiece to the lungs of a user in need for an aerosol delivery. The generation of aerosol requires the wetting the porous medium with a composition of the active material(s). According to some embodiments, the nebulizer comprises a nebulizer cartridge, which comprises a combination of a liquid absorbing element(s) and a stationary liquid absorbing element(s), which enable efficient wetting of the porous medium. Basically, the stationary liquid absorbing element(s) extends from a liquid (e.g. a drug solution) containing reservoir to a track, on which the mobile liquid absorbing element(s) is moved. As a result, the stationary liquid absorbing element(s) absorbs the liquid from the reservoir, the mobile liquid absorbing element(s) absorbs the liquid from the stationary liquid absorbing element(s) upon their contact. Thereafter, the liquid-absorbed mobile liquid absorbing element(s) is moved using a motorized conveyer on the track, thus wetting the surface of the at least one porous medium and feeds it with the liquid. This course may repeat several times until sufficient wetting of the porous medium is achieved. Upon sufficient wetting of the porous medium, pressurized air may be applied therethrough, and aerosol is formed. 
     According to some embodiments, there is provided a nebulizer cartridge comprising,
         at least one porous medium having an proximal surface, the at least one porous medium extending between a first position and a second position;   at least one reservoir configured to contain a liquid;   at least one mobile liquid absorbing element;   at least one stationary liquid absorbing element being in contact with the at least one reservoir;   at least one conveyer connected to the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element, and configured to be actuated by a motor; and   a track operably linked to the at least one conveyer,   wherein said at least one conveyer and said at least one mobile liquid absorbing element connected thereto are configured to move along the track; and wherein the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is configured to be in contact with the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element, and upon movement along the track it is further configured to be in contact with the at least one porous medium.       

     According to some embodiments, the at least one reservoir contains the liquid, wherein said at least one stationary liquid absorbing element is in contact with the liquid contained in the reservoir. 
     According to some embodiments, each of the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element and the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element separately, is configured to absorb liquid in an amount which is at least 150% of its respective weight. 
     According to some embodiments, each of the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element and the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element comprises cloth, wool, felt, sponge, foam, cellulose, yarn, microfiber or a combination thereof. 
     According to some embodiments, the track extends along the first position and the second position of the at least one porous medium. 
     According to some embodiments, the nebulizer cartridge further comprises a mouthpiece, such that the proximal surface of the at least one porous medium is facing the mouthpiece. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one porous medium is having an distal surface, opposing the proximal surface, and the nebulizer cartridge further comprises a pressurized air inlet, such that the distal surface of the at least one porous medium is facing the pressurized air inlet. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element contains a portion of the liquid, absorbed therein, and wherein the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is in contact with the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element, thereby absorbing liquid therefrom. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is in contact with the at least one porous medium, thereby wetting the proximal surface thereof. 
     According to some embodiments, the wetting comprises spreading. 
     According to some embodiments, the liquid comprises an aqueous solution or an aqueous suspension of a pharmaceutical composition. 
     According to some embodiments, the nebulizer cartridge comprises a plurality of porous media; a plurality of reservoirs, each containing a liquid; a plurality of mobile liquid absorbing elements; a plurality of stationary liquid absorbing elements; and a plurality of conveyers, each configured to be actuated by a respective motor. 
     According to some embodiments, each of said plurality of reservoirs contains a different liquid. 
     According to some embodiments, there is provided a nebulizer comprising:
         the nebulizer cartridge disclosed herein, wherein the least one conveyer comprises a rack and pinion mechanism; and   a control unit;   wherein said control unit comprises a conveyer motor having a gear unit and a pressurized air source; wherein said nebulizer cartridge is configured to be mounted on the control unit, such that upon mounting, at least one cogwheel of the gear operates the rack and pinion mechanism, and the at least one conveyer is actuated by the conveyer motor.       

     According to some embodiments, the conveyer motor is configured to be actuated by a user. 
     According to some embodiments, the control unit comprises a computing unit configured to operate the conveyer motor. 
     According to some embodiments, the computing unit is controlled by a user. 
     According to some embodiments, the pressurized air source comprises an air pump. 
     According to some embodiments, the control unit comprises a pump motor, configured to operate the air pump. 
     According to some embodiments, the control unit comprises an electric power source, configured to power the computing unit, the pump motor and the conveyer motor. 
     According to some embodiments, the nebulizer cartridge further comprises a pressurized air inlet, configured to enable transfer of pressurized air from the pressurized air source to the nebulizer cartridge. 
     According to some embodiments, the nebulizer cartridge further comprises a mouthpiece, such that upon application of the pressurized air source, pressurized air flows therefrom, through the at least one porous medium, thereby producing aerosol, which flows out the nebulizer cartridge through the mouthpiece. 
     Certain embodiments of the present disclosure may include some, all, or none of the above advantages. One or more technical advantages may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the figures, descriptions and claims included herein. Moreover, while specific advantages have been enumerated above, various embodiments may include all, some or none of the enumerated advantages. 
     In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above, further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by reference to the figures and by study of the following detailed descriptions. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Examples illustrative of embodiments are described below with reference to figures attached hereto. In the figures, identical structures, elements or parts that appear in more than one figure are generally labeled with a same numeral in all the figures in which they appear. Alternatively, elements or parts that appear in more than one figure may be labeled with different numerals in the different figures in which they appear. Dimensions of components and features shown in the figures are generally chosen for convenience and clarity of presentation and are not necessarily shown in scale. The figures are listed below. 
         FIG. 1  schematically illustrates a nebulizer cartridge, according to some embodiments; 
         FIG. 2  schematically illustrates a nebulizer cartridge, according to some embodiments; 
         FIG. 3  schematically illustrates a nebulizer cartridge, according to some embodiments; 
         FIG. 4  schematically illustrates a nebulizer cartridge, according to some embodiments; 
         FIGS. 5A and 5B  schematically illustrate a perspective sectional view of nebulizer, according to some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, various aspects of the disclosure will be described. For the purpose of explanation, specific configurations and details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the different aspects of the disclosure. However, it will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that the disclosure may be practiced without specific details being presented herein. Furthermore, well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the disclosure. 
     According to some embodiments, there is provided a nebulizer cartridge comprising at least one porous medium; at least one reservoir configured to contain a liquid; at least one mobile liquid absorbing element; at least one stationary liquid absorbing element; and at least one conveyer configured to be actuated by a motor; wherein said at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is movable by the conveyer on a track; wherein said at least one stationary liquid absorbing element extends from the at least one reservoir to the track; and is in contact with the liquid, when contained in the reservoir, such that upon moving the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element on the track, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is at least temporarily in contact with the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element and at least temporarily in contact with the at least one porous medium. 
     Reference is now made to  FIGS. 1-4 , which schematically illustrate a nebulizer cartridge.  FIG. 1  schematically illustrate a nebulizer cartridge  100  comprising a porous medium  102 , reservoir  104 , a stationary liquid absorbing element  106 , a mobile liquid absorbing element  108  at position  134 , a conveyer  110 , a pressurized air inlet  112  and a snap-fit  114 , according to some embodiments. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one reservoir contains a liquid. According to some embodiments, the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element is having a proximal surface facing the at least one reservoir and is in contact with the liquid contained in the reservoir, thereby absorbed with a first amount of the liquid. According to some embodiments, the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element is having an upper surface facing the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element at position  134 . At this configuration, the mobile liquid absorbing element absorbs from the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element a portion of the first amount of the liquid. 
     According to some embodiments, reservoir  104  is a container for holding liquid. According to some embodiments, reservoir  104  contains a first amount of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116 . According to some embodiments, reservoir  104  is having a distal surface  104   a  facing a first surface  106   a  of stationary liquid absorbing element  106 , and being in contact with aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116 . 
     According to some embodiments, stationary liquid absorbing element  106  includes a first portion of the first amount of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  absorbed therein. 
     According to some embodiments, stationary liquid absorbing element  106  is a sponge. According to some embodiments, stationary liquid absorbing element  106  is a hydrophilic sponge. 
     According to some embodiments, mobile liquid absorbing element  108  is a sponge. According to some embodiments, mobile liquid absorbing element  108  is a hydrophilic sponge. 
     It is to be understood that a hydrophilic sponge has high tendency to absorb aqueous solutions. 
     The terms “liquid absorbing material”, “liquid absorbing element” and “liquid absorbent material” as used herein are interchangeable and refer to any material, or element comprising a material that is capable of incorporating, taking in, drawing in or soaking liquids, and upon applying physical pressure thereto or being in contact with another material, release a portion or the entire amount/volume of the absorbed liquid. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element is configured to absorb water in an amount which is at least 100% of its weight. According to some embodiments, the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element is configured to absorb water in an amount which is at least 150% of its weight. According to some embodiments, the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element is configured to absorb water in an amount which is at least 200% of its weight. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is configured to absorb water in an amount which is at least 100% of its weight. According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is configured to absorb water in an amount which is at least 150% of its weight. According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is configured to absorb water in an amount which is at least 200% of its weight. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element comprises cloth, wool, felt, sponge, foam, cellulose, yarn, microfiber or a combination thereof. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element comprises a sponge. According to some embodiments, the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element comprises a foam. According to some embodiments, the sponge is an open cell sponge. According to some embodiments, the sponge is a closed cell sponge. According to some embodiments, the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element comprises fabric. Specifically, fibrous and/or woven fabric, such as a wick, is a hydrophilic and water absorbing material, which may be used as the stationary liquid absorbing element(s), according to some embodiments. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element comprises cloth, wool, felt, sponge, foam, cellulose, yarn, microfiber or a combination thereof. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is similar in texture to the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element, described herein. For example, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element comprises a sponge, a foam (closed cell sponge or open cell sponge), fabric and the like. 
     Without wishing to be bound by any theory or mechanism of action, when the liquid is a water-based pharmaceutical composition, hydrophilic mobile- and/or stationary liquid absorbing element(s) are preferred. In this situation, the aqueous composition in the reservoir(s) is efficiently absorbed in the stationary liquid absorbing element(s); and therefrom it absorbs in the mobile liquid absorbing element(s) to create equilibrium. Consequently, the absorbed mobile liquid absorbing element(s) delivers the aqueous composition to the at least one porous medium to produce the desired aerosol. In addition, when the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element comprises a hydrophilic sponge, as it comes in contact with the aqueous pharmaceutical composition in the reservoir, capillary action within and among the pores of the sponge lead to absorption of the aqueous pharmaceutical composition therein. The same capillary action results with the absorption of the aqueous pharmaceutical composition by the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is hydrophilic. According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is a hydrophilic sponge. Likewise, according to some embodiments, the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element is hydrophilic, for example, a hydrophilic sponge. 
     The term “sponge” as used herein refers to any porous, wettable, cellular and/or foam-like type of material having a texture, which includes a plurality of open and/or closed pores. 
     The term “hydrophilic” material, as used herein, refers to any material which has a high affinity to water and/or that water has high affinity thereto. Preferably, hydrophilic materials according to the current disclosure have high capability to absorb water and aqueous solutions. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element and the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element are composed of the same material. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 1 , this figure illustrates a configuration where stationary liquid absorbing element  106  is in contact with mobile liquid absorbing element  108  which is in position  134  (hereinafter, “Configuration A”). As stationary liquid absorbing element  106  is in a fixed position and is in contact with the liquid contained in reservoir  104 , it absorbs a portion of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  therefrom. Thus, stationary liquid absorbing element  106  is being absorbed with a portion of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116 . Furthermore, when mobile liquid absorbing element  108  is in position  134 , as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , mobile liquid absorbing element  108  absorbs a portion of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  absorbed in stationary liquid absorbing element  106 . 
     According to some embodiments, aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  comprises a therapeutically effective amount of medication for treating one or more medical conditions, which affect the respiratory system. 
     According to some embodiments, the liquid comprises an aqueous solution or an aqueous suspension. According to some embodiments, the liquid comprises an aqueous solution. 
     According to some embodiments, the liquid comprises at least one biologically active material having an effect on the respiratory system. According to some embodiments, the liquid comprises a medication intended to be delivered to the lungs. According to some embodiments, the liquid comprises nicotine. According to some embodiments, the liquid comprises a composition comprising nicotine. According to some embodiments, the liquid comprises an aqueous composition comprising nicotine. 
     According to some embodiments, the liquid comprises a pharmaceutical composition. According to some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is for treating a disease via inhalation. 
     According to some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises one or more pharmaceutically active agents. According to some embodiments, the one or more pharmaceutically active agents are suitable or may be adjusted for inhalation. According to some embodiments, the one or more pharmaceutically active agents are directed for treatment of a medical condition through inhalation. 
     As used herein, a “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a preparation of a composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically active agents, suitable for administration to a patient via the respiratory system. 
     According to some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one pharmaceutical acceptable carrier. In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may further comprise one or more stabilizers. 
     According to some embodiments, the nebulizer provides an aerosol containing a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition. As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable amount of a pharmaceutical composition which prevents or ameliorates at least partially, the symptoms signs of a particular disease, for example infectious or malignant disease, in a living organism to whom it is administered over some period of time. 
     The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” as used herein means approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals and, more particularly, in humans. 
     The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be prepared in any manner well known in the pharmaceutical art. 
     Useful pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are well known in the art, and include, for example, lactose, glucose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water and methylcellulose. Other pharmaceutical carriers can be sterile liquids, such as water, alcohols (e.g., ethanol) and lipid carriers such as oils (including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like), phospholipids (e.g. lecithin), polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents. Each possibility represents as separate embodiment of the present invention. 
     Pharmaceutical acceptable diluents include, but are not limited to, sterile water, phosphate saline, buffered saline, aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions, and the like. Each possibility is a separate embodiment of the invention. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of a hormone, a steroid, anti-inflammatory agent, antibacterial agent, anti-neoplastic agent, pain relief agent, narcotics, anti-angiogenic agent, siRNA, immuno-therapy related agent, growth-inhibitory agent, apoptotic agent, cytotoxic agent and chemotherapeutic agent. Each possibility is a separate embodiment of the invention. 
     According to some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises albuterol, also known as, salbutamol and Ventolin®. 
     According to some embodiments, the medical condition is a pulmonary disease. According to some embodiments, the pulmonary disease is bronchospasm, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among others. According to some embodiments, the asthma is allergen asthma or exercise-induced asthma. 
     According to some embodiments, the medical condition is a lung disease affecting the air ways, the alveoli or the interstitium, such as, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, acute bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, fragile connections between alveoli, pulmonary edema, lung cancer in its many forms, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease among others. 
     According to some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of medication for treating one or more of the medical conditions stated herein. 
     In some embodiments the medical condition is a metabolic disease, such as, diabetes mellitus (diabetes) Type 1, Type 2 and gestational diabetes, and the at least one pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of inhalable insulin. 
     According to some embodiments, while the cartridge is disconnected (i.e. it is not connected to a nebulizer control unit, as depicted in  FIG. 1 ) liquid absorbing element  108  is in position  134 . According to some embodiments, while liquid absorbing element  108  is in position  134  the amount of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  in reservoir  104  is remained substantially constant. 
     Specifically, according to some embodiments, stationary liquid absorbing element  106  comprises a first surface  106   a , and second surface  106   b . According to some embodiments, first surface  106   a  is facing reservoir  104 . According to some embodiments, first surface  106   a  is protruding into reservoir  104 . According to some embodiments, stationary liquid absorbing element  106  is absorbing a portion of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  from reservoir  104  through first surface  106   a . Thus, according to some embodiments, a portion of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  is absorbed into stationary liquid absorbing element  106 . Thus, according to some embodiments, the amount of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  in reservoir  104  and the amount of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  in stationary liquid absorbing element  106  is in equilibrium. According to some embodiments, the amount of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  in reservoir  104  and the amount of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  in stationary liquid absorbing element  106  is in equilibrium, such that the amount of amount of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  in each of reservoir  104  and liquid absorbing element  106  is substantially constant, when nebulizer cartridge  100  is in Configuration A. 
     According to some embodiments, second surface  106   b  is facing mobile liquid absorbing element  108  where mobile liquid absorbing element  108  is nested within conveyer  110 . 
     The term “surface”, as used herein, refers generally to any interface separating two media and/or phases. It intends to refer to a generalization of a plane which needs not be flat, i.e. the curvature of a surface is not necessarily zero. 
     Each one of first surface  106   a  and second surface  106   b  may be substantially flat, or curved, according to some embodiments.  FIG. 1  refers to the former option, while, due to an amorphous shape, which sponges tend to have while soaked and/or squeezed, the latter option is contemplated. According to some embodiments, first surface  106   a  and second surface  106   b  may be a continuation of one another. For, example according to some embodiments, the surface of stationary liquid absorbing element  106  may be round, such that first surface  106   a  and second surface  106   b  partially overlaps at the convex surface of liquid absorbing element  106 . 
     According to some embodiments, conveyer  110  comprises a retaining unit  118  and track  120 . According to some embodiments, retaining unit  118  and track  120  are physically connected to each other. 
     According to some embodiments, conveyer  110  is retaining, encompassing, housing or nesting mobile liquid absorbing element  108 . According to some embodiments, conveyer  110  comprises a retaining unit, configured to retain therein mobile liquid absorbing element  108 , such that conveyer  110  and the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element  108  are moving together, as one unit. According to some embodiments, conveyer  110  comprises at least one rack-like element and at least one cogwheel. According to some embodiments, the at least one rack-like element is located along track  120 . According to some embodiments, each of the at least one rack-like element and the at least one cogwheel comprises serrated teeth. According to some embodiments, the at least one cogwheel comprises an external cogwheel having serrated teeth. According to some embodiments, the serrated teeth of the at least one rack-like element are interlocking with the serrated teeth of the external cogwheel, such that upon rotating said interlocking external cogwheel, its teeth are rotating a radial direction, and pushing the interlocked teeth of the at least one rack-like element, such that the at least one rack-like element is moved at a tangential direction in a rack and pinion mechanism. According to some embodiments, rotating said external cogwheel in the opposite direction entails moving the at least one rack-like element in the opposite direction. According to some embodiments, the at least one retaining unit and the at least one rack-like element are physically connected, such that upon rotating the at least one cogwheel, the at least one liquid absorbing element is being moved along the track. 
     According to some embodiments, conveyer  110  is configured to move mobile liquid absorbing element  108  along the course of track  120 . 
     According to some embodiments, the motion along track  120  is enabled by an operating motor, which is located in a control unit, connectable to nebulizer cartridge  100  (not shown) as discussed with reference to  FIGS. 5A and 5B . 
     According to some embodiments, track  120  extends from conveyer  110  to end point  124 . Accordingly, and according to some embodiments, the course of track  120  extends from position  134  to end point  124 . According to some embodiments, end point  124  is distal from stationary liquid absorbing element  106 . According to some embodiments, upon operation of a nebulizer comprising nebulizer cartridge  100  liquid absorbing element  106  travels between position  134  and end point  124 , as discussed when referring to  FIGS. 5A and 5B . According to some embodiments, upon operation of a nebulizer comprising nebulizer cartridge  100 , retaining unit  118  is shifted from position  134  to end point  124 , as discussed when referring to  FIGS. 5A and 5B . 
     It is to be understood that when retaining unit  118  together with liquid absorbing element  106  housed therein, travels from position  134  to end point  124 , at some point mobile liquid absorbing element  108  does not contact nor face stationary liquid absorbing element  106 . Rather, at some point along track  120  mobile liquid absorbing element  108  contacts porous medium  102 . As a result, porous medium  102  is wetted by the liquid retained in mobile liquid absorbing element  108 . While mobile liquid absorbing element  108  travels along track  120  from position  134  to end point  124  porous medium  102  is covered with a portion of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116 . 
     According to some embodiments, mobile liquid absorbing element  108  is shifted, by the movement of conveyer  110  on track  120  in parallel to surface  130  of porous medium  102 . 
     According to some embodiments, upon moving along track  120  the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element  108  spreads the first liquid on surface  130  of porous medium  102 . According to some embodiments, track  120  is adapted and positioned, such that, when mobile liquid absorbing element  108  travels from position  134  it covers approximately the entire surface of porous medium  102  (not shown). 
     The terms “spread” and “spreading”, as used herein are to be interpreted broadly and refer to discharge a liquid from one element to another to create a liquid layer which is substantially evenly spread. Preferably, the liquid layer is a thin layer, e.g. having thickness of no more than 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001 millimeters. Thus, “spreading” includes smearing, covering with, dispersing, laying, daubing, layering, overlaying, wetting, deploying and coating. Spreading of a liquid on a porous medium from a liquid absorbent may be achieved through application of pressure, or by delicate contact between the two elements. 
     The term “approximately” as used herein may refer to the percentage of surface of the porous medium that may be coated with liquid by the spreading movement of the mobile liquid absorbing element. Approximately may refer to more than 50% coverage, more than 60% coverage, at least 70% coverage, at least 80% coverage, at least 90% coverage or at least 95% coverage. According to some embodiments, porous medium  102  extends along track  120  (not shown). According to some embodiments, porous medium  102  is made of a rigid material. According to some embodiments, porous medium  102  is made of metal. According to some embodiments, porous medium  102  comprises metal. According to some embodiments, porous medium  102  comprises a metal alloy. 
     According to some embodiments, porous medium  102  has two flat surfaces, one of which is surface  130  which faces mouthpiece and the other is surface  132 , which faces pressurized air inlet  112  and/or the control unit (not shown). 
     The terms ‘medium’ and ‘material’ as used herein with reference to porous elements and materials, are interchangeable. 
     According to some embodiments, track  120  extends across the surface of at least one porous medium  102 . 
     According to some embodiments, nebulizer cartridge  100  further comprises a pressurized air inlet  112 , configured to enable transfer of pressurized air from the pressurized air source in the control unit to nebulizer cartridge  100 . According to some embodiments, pressurized air inlet  112  is configured to allow passage of pressurized air from a nebulizer pump to (and through) porous medium  102 . According to some embodiments, pressurized air inlet  112  is located proximally to porous medium  102 , such that it faces surface  132 . Reference to the flow of pressurized air is discussed in greater detail, when referring to  FIGS. 5A and 5B . 
     According to some embodiments, flat surface  130  is facing track  120 . According to some embodiments, surface  132  is facing pressurized air inlet  112 . 
     According to some embodiments, porous medium  102  includes a plurality of pores  126 . 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element  108  is configured to discharge at least portions of the liquid absorbed therein into, and onto, at least some of the plurality of pores  126 . 
     According to some embodiments, when mobile liquid absorbing element  108  is in position  134  before the first action of nebulizer cartridge  100 , porous medium  102  is dry. 
     According to some embodiments, upon connecting a control unit to cartridge  100 , and following its operation (e.g. by pressing a button), mobile liquid absorbing element  108  is moved along track  120  between starting point  122  and end point  124 , and spreads aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  thereon. According to some embodiments, upon connecting a control unit to cartridge  100 , and following its operation (e.g. by pressing a button), mobile liquid absorbing element  108  is moved along track  120  between position  134  and end point  124 , and spreads aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  over surface  130 . According to some embodiments, during the move, an amount of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116  is penetrating pores  126  of porous medium  102 . According to some embodiments, the penetrating entails wetting porous medium  102 . 
     According to some embodiments, upon operation of a nebulizer comprising nebulizer cartridge  100 , pressurized air may enter through pressurized air inlet  112  as further detailed with reference to  FIGS. 5A and 5B . According to some embodiments, during operation of a nebulizer, the pressurized air entering nebulizer cartridge  100  from pressurized air inlet  112  is hitting surface  132  of porous medium  102 , wherein porous medium  102  includes therein a portion of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116 , leading to aerosol formation (as further discussed in reference to  FIG. 2 ). According to some embodiments, the pressurize air is hitting flat surface  132  when porous medium  102  is wet, thereby leading to formation of aerosol. According to some embodiments, the aerosol comprises droplets of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  116 . According to some embodiments, the formation of aerosol leaves porous medium  102  substantially dry. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is in contact with the at least one stationary liquid absorbing element, for a first time period, which is the time period from the contact and until operating the conveyer. Thus, according to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element is absorbed with liquid, which is maintained therein until the conveyer is operated, thereafter some of the liquid is discharged onto the porous medium during the traveling of the mobile liquid absorbing element  108  along track  120 . As a result, according to some embodiments, at least one porous medium  102  remains dry, or substantially dry, in cartridge  100  until its intended use, i.e. until a user connects the cartridge to the hand held control unit and operates its conveyer motor. According to some embodiments, the at least one porous medium is dried upon application of pressurized air from the control unit, therethrough. 
     According to some embodiments, snap-fit  114  is located at the edge of nebulizer cartridge  100 , such that it faces flat surface  132 . According to some embodiments, snap-fit  114  is configured to connect to matching snap-fit, located at the edge of a complementary nebulizer control unit. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 2 , which schematically illustrates a nebulizer cartridge  200 , according to some embodiments. According to some embodiments, nebulizer cartridge  200  is similar to nebulizer cartridge  100 . According to some embodiments, nebulizer cartridge  200  includes elements similar to those of nebulizer cartridge  100 : at least one porous medium  202  having a plurality of pores; at least one reservoir  204  containing an aqueous pharmaceutical composition; at least one stationary liquid absorbing element  206 ; at least one mobile liquid absorbing element  208 ; a conveyer  210  comprising retaining unit  218 , and track  220  having starting point and end point; pressurized air inlet  212 ; and a snap-fit (not indicated in  FIG. 2 ). 
     According to some embodiments, nebulizer cartridge  200  further includes a mouthpiece  228  configured to enable a user to inhale aerosol  230  formed by a nebulizer having nebulizer cartridge  200 . 
     According to some embodiments, when the pressurized air flows from pressurized air inlet  212  and hits wet porous medium  202 , aerosol  230  forms and proceeds through mouthpiece  228  into the respiratory tract of a nebulizer user. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 3 , which schematically illustrates a nebulizer cartridge  300  comprising a first porous medium  302 , a first reservoir  304 , a first stationary liquid absorbing element  306 , a first mobile liquid absorbing element  308 , a conveyer  310 , a second porous medium  352  having plurality of pores  326 , a second reservoir  354  having plurality of pores  376 , a second stationary liquid absorbing element  356 , a second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  and a snap-fit  314 , according to some embodiments. 
     According to some embodiments, nebulizer cartridge, e.g. any of nebulizer cartridge  100 ,  200  or  300  comprises a plurality of porous media. 
     According to some embodiments, the first stationary liquid absorbing element extends from the first reservoir to the first track, and is in contact with the first liquid contained in the first reservoir, such that upon moving along the first track, the first mobile liquid absorbing element is at least temporarily in contact with the first stationary liquid absorbing element and at least temporarily in contact with the first porous medium. 
     According to some embodiments, the second stationary liquid absorbing element extends from the second reservoir to the second track; and is in contact with the second liquid contained in the second reservoir, such that upon sliding the second mobile liquid absorbing element on the second track, the second mobile liquid absorbing element is at least temporarily in contact with the second stationary liquid absorbing element and at least temporarily in contact with the second porous medium. 
     According to some embodiments, each of the first and the second conveyers separately comprises a rack and pinion mechanism. 
     It is to be understood that the cartridge may include more than two reservoirs, each containing a different liquid. In such cases, as explained with respect to the two-reservoir system, the cartridge may include a respective number of mobile- and stationary liquid absorbing elements and conveyers. Accordingly, the hand held control unit may include the same number of conveyer motors. 
     It is further to be understood that the inclusion of more than one reservoir (together with matching number of the remaining elements) allows tailor-made nebulizer-based combination therapy. Today, in conventional nebulizer-based combination therapies a number of medications are delivered to the respiratory tract at once. In such cases, both compounds will be delivered to the same region in the respiratory tract depending on the average size of the droplets. However, it may be beneficial to target different active compounds to different locations in the respiratory tract. Duplication of all nebulizer/cartridge element, as portrayed herein, allows to control the droplet sized of each aerosolized composition separately, thus to target different regions in the respiratory tract based on the desired location of each API. According to some embodiments, each of first stationary liquid absorbing element  306 , second stationary liquid absorbing element  356 , first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  is individually, a sponge, e.g. a hydrophilic sponge. According to some embodiments, first stationary liquid absorbing element  306 , second stationary liquid absorbing element  356 , first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  are made of the same material. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a configuration where first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  is not in contact with first stationary liquid absorbing element  306  (as in  FIG. 1 , with parallel elements), but rather it is in contact with first porous medium  302  as the former is in position  335  (hereinafter, “Configuration B”). Similarly,  FIG. 3  illustrates a configuration where the second side of the system is in Configuration B, as second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  is not in contact with second stationary liquid absorbing element  356 , but rather it is also in contact with first porous medium  302  as the former is in position  335 . According to some embodiments, a configuration, where first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  is in contact with first stationary liquid absorbing element  306  (and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  is in contact with second stationary liquid absorbing element  356 ), i.e. Configuration A, precedes Configuration B. Thus, according to some embodiments, in Configuration A, first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  are contacting first porous medium  302  and second porous medium  352  respectively, when each one of them is wet (i.e. first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  is absorbed with portion of first aqueous pharmaceutical composition  316 ; and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  is absorbed with portion of second aqueous pharmaceutical composition  366 ). According to some embodiments, when first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  shift from position  334  to position  335 , Configuration A shifts to Configuration B. At Configuration B, first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  transfer portions of first aqueous pharmaceutical composition  316  and second aqueous pharmaceutical composition  366  to first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358 , respectively. 
     According to some embodiments, each of first reservoir  304  and second reservoir  354  acts as a container for holding liquid. According to some embodiments, first reservoir  304  contains first aqueous pharmaceutical composition  316 . According to some embodiments, first reservoir  304  is in contact with first stationary liquid absorbing element  306 . According to some embodiments, second reservoir  354  contains second aqueous pharmaceutical composition  366 . According to some embodiments, second reservoir  354  is in contact with second stationary liquid absorbing element  366 . 
     According to some embodiments, each one of first aqueous pharmaceutical composition  316  and second aqueous pharmaceutical composition  366 , separately comprises a therapeutically effective amount of medication for treating one or more medical conditions, which affect the respiratory system 
       FIG. 3  illustrates Configuration B, where first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  is in contact with first porous medium  302 ; and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  is in contact with second porous medium  352 , as first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  are position  335 . As a result, when Configuration B is applied, a portion of first aqueous pharmaceutical composition  316  is spread on first porous medium  302  and a portion of second aqueous pharmaceutical composition  366  is spread on second porous medium  352 . 
     As detailed above, when referring to first surface  106   a  and second surface  106   b  of stationary liquid absorbing element  106 , Configuration A, where a mobile liquid absorbing element is in prolonged contact with a stationary liquid absorbing element leads to an equilibrium, where the absorbing elements and the reservoir, each separately contains a constant amount of liquid, according to some embodiments. According to some embodiments, a transition to position  335 , as shown in  FIG. 3 , leads to a spreading of a portion of first aqueous pharmaceutical composition  316  and second aqueous pharmaceutical composition  366  over first porous medium  302  and second porous medium  352 , respectively, in Configuration B. According to some embodiments, the spreading draws out portion of aqueous pharmaceutical composition  316  and second aqueous pharmaceutical composition  366  from first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358 , such that upon their return to their original position (i.e. position parallel to position  135 ), they may absorb further liquids to reach a new equilibrium. 
     According to some embodiments, conveyer  310  acts in the similar manner to the action of conveyer  110 , but while moving two mobile liquid absorbing elements (first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358 ) 
     According to some embodiments, conveyer  310  comprises first track  320 , second track  370 , external cogwheel  340 , internal cogwheel  342  and serrated teeth  344 . 
     According to some embodiments, each of first and second mobile liquid absorbing element is movable by the first conveyer on first and second tracks, respectively. According to some embodiments, the conveyer includes a first retaining unit for retaining the first mobile liquid absorbing element and a second retaining unit for retaining the second mobile liquid absorbing element, such that upon moving of the conveyer it forces the movement of the first and second mobile liquid absorbing elements. According to some embodiments, the conveyer comprises a first and a second rack-like elements and corresponding at least one first and at least one second cogwheels. According to some embodiments, the first rack-like element is located along the first track and the second rack-like element is located along the second track. The rest of the mechanism, as detailed with respect to  FIG. 1 , is duplicated. 
     According to some embodiments, conveyer  310  is configured to move first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  on the course of first track  320  upon operation from a motor. Conveyer motors and their actions are detailed when referring to  FIGS. 5A-B . According to some embodiments, conveyer  310  is also configured to move second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  on the course of second track  320  upon operation of the same motor or other motor. 
     Preferably, the motor for operating conveyer  310  is not part of nebulizer cartridge  300 , but it is rather located in a control unit, which is connectable to of nebulizer cartridge  300 . According to some embodiments, the control unit is connectable to of nebulizer cartridge  300 , such that an external cogwheel of the motor is interlocked with external cogwheel  340  of conveyer  310 , thereby affecting its rotation. According to some embodiments, external cogwheel  340  is interlocked with internal cogwheel  342 , which is interlocked with serrated teeth  344  of conveyer  310 . As a result, according to some embodiments, conveyer  310  constitutes a “rack and pinion” mechanism, whereby a conveyer motor causes the rotation of external cogwheel  340 , internal cogwheel  342  and the motion of first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358  on first track  320  and second track  370  respectively. 
     All or some of the transitions and manipulations, which take place during the shifting of first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  308  over track  320  and track  370  respectively, are similar to those depicted when referring to track  120 , starting point  122  (parallel to starting point  322  and starting point  372  in  FIG. 3 ) and end point  124  (parallel to end point  324  and end point  374  in  FIG. 3 ) above. 
     According to some embodiments, first porous medium  302  and second porous medium  352  are substantially similar to porous medium  102 . 
     It is to be understood that although  FIG. 3  depicts a single conveyer, the current disclosure is intended to cover both a single conveyer, which moves first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and second mobile liquid absorbing element  358 ; and two separate independent conveyers, wherein a first conveyer moves first mobile liquid absorbing element  308  and a second conveyer moves second mobile liquid absorbing element  358 . In such cases, according to some embodiments, the wetting of first porous medium  302  and second porous medium  352  with first aqueous pharmaceutical composition  316  and second aqueous pharmaceutical composition  366 , respectively, may be simultaneous or consecutive. According to some embodiments, the wetting of the two may be in the same rate/frequency or at different rates. According to some embodiments, the wetting may forms similar amounts (e.g. similar volumes, masses, or concentrations of active material) of pharmaceutical compositions in each medium or different amounts. Basically, a two-reservoir system as cartridge  300  depicted is  FIG. 3 , it intended to deliver two (optionally, different) pharmaceutical compositions. Thus, according to some embodiments first pharmaceutical composition  316  and second aqueous pharmaceutical composition  366  do not consist of the same pharmaceutically active ingredients. According to some embodiments, a nebulizer comprising nebulizer cartridge  300  may deliver the two distinct pharmaceutical compositions at once to form a single aerosol, or in two aerosolization cycles to deliver each composition to its intended location in the respiratory tract. For example, control of the amount of a pharmaceutical composition in the porous medium and its formulation may result in a control of the diameter of aerosol droplets. Thus, according to some embodiments, different specifications to two separate pharmaceutical compositions may lead to different droplet-sized aerosols, which reach different locations in the lungs, where both aerosols are stemming from the same nebulizer. 
     The correlation between droplet size and deposition thereof in the respiratory tract has been established. Droplets around 10 micron in diameter are suitable for deposition in the oropharynx and the nasal area; droplets around 2-4 micron in diameter are suitable for deposition in the central airways (and may be useful for delivering a bronchodilator, such as, salbutamol) and droplets smaller than 1 micron in diameter are suitable for delivery to the alveoli (and may be useful for delivering pharmaceuticals to the systemic circulation, for example, insulin). 
     Advantageously, the devices, systems and methods disclosed herein provide a relatively uniform or homogeneous wetting of the porous surface that may result in spreading a small diameter aerosol droplets, and confer the ability to yield such small diameter aerosol drops with high efficiency. 
     According to some embodiments, the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element (e.g. at least one mobile liquid absorbing element  108 ) is configured to homogeneously or semi-homogeneously spread the liquid across the surface of the at least one porous medium (e.g. at least one porous medium  102 ) upon moving on the track (e.g. track  12 ). According to some embodiments, the spreading is homogeneous. 
     The terms ‘droplet size’ and ‘mass median aerodynamic diameter’, also known as MMAD, as used herein are interchangeable. MMAD is commonly considered as the median particle diameter by mass. 
     According to some embodiments, droplets of the aerosol produced by the method and nebulizers disclosed herein are having an MMAD within the range of 0.3 to 7 microns. According to some embodiments, the MMAD is within the range of 2 to 10 microns. According to some embodiments, the MMAD is less than 5 microns. 
     According to some embodiments, control over droplet size and modality of generated aerosol is achieved by controlling physical properties of the porous medium. According to some embodiments, the physical properties of the porous medium are adjusted based on the desired droplet size. The physical properties of the porous medium, may include, but are not limited to, physical dimensions of the porous medium as a whole, pore count, pore density, pore distribution, pore shape, homogeneity of the aforementioned pore features, hydrophobicity of the porous material, and electromagnetic affinity among other properties. Each possibility is a separate embodiment of the invention. 
     The term “modality” as used herein refers to the modality of size distributions and includes, but is not limited to, uni-modal, bi-modal and tri-modal size distributions. 
     According to some embodiments, control over droplet size and modality of generated aerosol is achieved by controlling the properties of the medication and/or liquid and/or composition. The properties of the medication and/or liquid and/or composition which may be adjusted to achieve the desired aerosol, include, but are not limited to, viscosity, surface tension, pH, electrolyte concentration, solid content and polarity 
     According to some embodiments, Snap-fit  314  is located at the edge of nebulizer cartridge  300  and is configured to connect to another (matching) snap-fit mechanism, located at the edge of a complementary nebulizer control unit. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 4 , which schematically illustrates a nebulizer cartridge  400 , according to some embodiments. According to some embodiments, nebulizer cartridge  400  is similar to nebulizer cartridge  300 . According to some embodiments, nebulizer cartridge  400  includes elements similar to those of nebulizer cartridge  300 : a first porous medium  402 , a second porous medium  452 , a first reservoir  404 , a first stationary liquid absorbing element (not shown), a first mobile liquid absorbing element (not shown), a conveyer, a second reservoir  454 , a second stationary liquid absorbing element (not shown), a second mobile liquid absorbing element (not shown) and a snap-fit  414 . 
     According to some embodiments, nebulizer cartridge  400  further comprises a mouthpiece  428  for enabling a user to inhale an aerosol(s) formed by a nebulizer having nebulizer cartridge  400 . Specifically, when pressurized air flows from a pressurized air source in a nebulizer control unit and hits wet first porous medium  402  and/or second porous medium  452 , the aerosol(s) form and proceed through mouthpiece  428  into the respiratory tract of a nebulizer user, according to some embodiments. 
     Reference is now made to  FIGS. 5A and 5B , each schematically illustrate a perspective sectional view of nebulizer  500 , according to some embodiments. Nebulizer  500  comprises a nebulizer cartridge  580 , which may be similar to any one of nebulizer cartridges  100 ,  200 ,  300  or  400 ; and a nebulizer control unit  582 . 
     According to some embodiments, the control unit comprises a conveyer motor having a gear unit and a pressurized air source; wherein said nebulizer cartridge is configured to be mounted on the control unit, such that upon mounting, at least one cogwheel of the gear operates the at least one conveyer. 
     According to some embodiments, the least one conveyer comprises a rack and pinion mechanism. According to some embodiments, the nebulizer cartridge is configured to be mounted on the control unit, such that upon mounting, at least one cogwheel of the gear operates the rack and pinion mechanism, and the at least one conveyer is actuated by the conveyer motor. 
     According to some embodiments, the control unit is a hand held control unit. 
     According to some embodiments, the nebulizer is mobile. According to some embodiments, the nebulizer is handheld. According to some embodiments, the nebulizer is powered by a mobile power source. 
     It is to be understood that the nebulizer disclosed herein is a two-part configuration, i.e. the cartridge and the hand held control unit are separate units, according to some embodiments. This structural configuration allows easy maintenance due to separation between the constant, reusable part and disposable parts. It is also cost effective, since the control unit is commonly more expensive than the disposable unit. In most nebulizers, all elements, but the reservoir of pharmaceutical composition are marketed for long periods of use, while the reservoir of pharmaceutical composition are disposable as they can be used for single or very few applications. This configuration, however, requires frequent cleaning and maintenance of rather inexpensive nebulizer parts, in which cannot be separated from the non-disposable nebulizer unit (such as, the mouthpiece). This is while the more expensive, non-disposable, parts of the nebulizer unit (e.g. motors and pumps) do not require frequent maintenance. The configuration disclosed herein separates the durable, non-disposable, relatively more expensive from the disposable, inexpensive elements to two units. The control unit is intended for long periods use (until it is worn out), while the reservoir, aerosolization liquid, sponges and porous media are disposables. This way, the expensive elements do not require almost any maintenance and can survive numerous replacements of the disposable units, during numerous applications of the nebulizer. 
     According to some embodiments, the nebulizer cartridge and the control unit are interconnectable. According to some embodiments, the nebulizer cartridge comprises a first attachment element and the control unit comprises a second attachment element. According to some embodiments, the first and second attachment elements are interconnectable. According to some embodiments, the first attachment element comprises a first snap-fit. According to some embodiments, the second attachment element comprises a second snap-fit. According to some embodiments, the first and second snap-fits are interconnectable. 
     According to some embodiments, the first attachment element is a magnet and the second attachment element is a piece capable of being attached to a magnet. According to some embodiments, the first attached element is a mounting means and the second attachment element is a groove adapted to attach to the unit comprising the first attachment element, through the first attachment element. 
     According to some embodiments, nebulizer cartridge  580 , and nebulizer control unit  582  may be provided as separate units. Preferably, nebulizer cartridge  580 , and nebulizer control unit  582  are interconnectable. 
     According to some embodiments, nebulizer control unit  582  is a hand held unit, which is operated by a nebulizer user in need for inhaling an aerosolized pharmaceutical composition. According to some embodiments, nebulizer control unit  582  comprises a conveyer motor  586 , a computing unit  588 , electric power source  590  and pressurized air source  592 . 
     According to some embodiments, conveyer motor  586  is located in nebulizer control unit  582 . According to some embodiments, conveyer motor  586  is powered by electric power source  590 . According to some embodiments, conveyer motor  586  is operated by computing unit  588 . According to some embodiments, conveyer motor  586  comprises a set of conveyer motor of cogwheels  596 . 
     According to some embodiments, upon mounting of the nebulizer cartridge on the control unit, at least one cogwheel of the gear operates the rack and pinion mechanism of the first conveyer, and the first conveyer is actuated by the conveyer motor; and at least one cogwheel of the gear operates the rack and pinion mechanism of the second conveyer, and the second first conveyer is actuated by the conveyer motor. 
     According to some embodiments, the conveyer motor is configured to rotate at least one conveyer motor cogwheel. According to some embodiments, the at least one conveyer motor cogwheel and the conveyer motor are located in the control unit. According to some embodiments, each one of at least one conveyer motor cogwheel includes serrated teeth. According to some embodiments, the at least one conveyer motor cogwheel comprises an external conveyer motor cogwheel comprising serrated teeth. According to some embodiments, rotating the at least one conveyer motor cogwheel by the motor entails rotating the serrated teeth of the external conveyer motor cogwheel. According to some embodiments, the control unit and the nebulizer cartridge are interconnectable, such that upon their connection, the serrated teeth of the external conveyer motor cogwheel are interlocked with the serrated teeth of the external cogwheel of the at least one rack-like element of the conveyer. According to some embodiments, the interlocking entails that upon rotating said external conveyer motor cogwheel, its teeth are rotating a radial direction, and pushing the interlocked teeth of the external cogwheel of the at least one rack-like element, such that the external cogwheel of the at least one rack-like element are rotated in the same direction. As detailed above, the rotation of the cogwheel of the at least one rack-like element causes the movement of the at least one rack-like element at a tangential direction in a rack and pinion mechanism, according to some embodiments. According to some embodiments, rotating said external conveyer motor cogwheel in the opposite direction entails inversion of the process, thus moving the at least one rack-like element in the opposite direction. As a result, the operation of the conveyer motor entails the movement or sliding of the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element along the track. 
     According to some embodiments, the conveyer motor is configured to be actuated by a user. 
     According to some embodiments, set of conveyer motor of cogwheels  596  includes an external conveyer motor cogwheel  598 . According to some embodiments, external conveyer motor cogwheel  598  is rotating together with set of conveyer motor of cogwheels  596  by conveyer motor  586  as a result from instruction(s) from computing unit  588 . According to some embodiments, external conveyer motor cogwheel  598  is interlocking with an external cogwheel of the conveyer of nebulizer cartridge  580 , such that upon rotation of external conveyer motor cogwheel  598 , a rack and pinion mechanism operates to affect the movement of a mobile sponge(s) as detailed above with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
     According to some embodiments, pressurized air source  592  is located in nebulizer control unit  582 . According to some embodiments, pressurized air source  592  is an air pump, configured to produce pressurized gas. Specifically, pressurized air source  592  is configured to produce pressurized air from atmospheric air, according to some embodiments. Pressurized air source  592  comprises air pump motor  594 , which is powered by electric power source  590  and operated by computing unit  588 , according to some embodiments. According to some embodiments, air pump motor  594  affects the formation of pressurized air in pressurized air source  592 . 
     According to some embodiments, the pressurized air source is configured to deliver pressurized gas through the pressurized air inlet to the porous medium and create an ultra-atmospheric pressure on one side of the porous medium, thereby induce a pressure gradient at the porous medium. According to some embodiments, the pressurized air source is configured to deliver pressurized gas through the pressurized air inlet to the porous medium and create an ultra-atmospheric pressure the second side of the porous medium, thereby induce a pressure gradient at the porous medium. 
     The term ‘pressurized air’ as used herein is interchangeable with the term ‘compressed air’ and refers to air under pressure above atmospheric pressure. 
     According to some embodiments, the control unit comprises a pump motor, configured to operate the pump. 
     According to some embodiments, the computing unit is configured to operate the pump motor. 
     According to some embodiments, computing unit  588  is located in nebulizer control unit  582 . According to some embodiments, computing unit  588  is powered by electric power source  590 . According to some embodiments, computing unit  588  is operated by a nebulizer user. according to some embodiments, upon receiving an instruction(s) from the nebulizer user, computing unit  588  instructs conveyer motor to affect the rotation of set of conveyer motor of cogwheels  596 , which eventually, as described above results in the movement of a wet mobile sponge(s) towards a porous medium or media. As detailed herein, the process is resulting in the wetting of the porous medium/media. 
     According to some embodiments, upon receiving an instruction(s) from the nebulizer user, computing unit  588  instructs air pump motor  594  to affect to operation of pressurized air source  592  and thereby create pressurized air. The formed pressurized air exist nebulizer control unit  582  and enters nebulizer cartridge  580 , through an air inlet located in nebulizer cartridge  580  in proximity to its connection surface with nebulizer control unit  582 , according to some embodiments. According to some embodiments, after entering nebulizer control unit  582  pressure difference therein results in the pressurized air proceeding towards and hitting the porous medium/media thereby forming an aerosol, upon instruction of the nebulizer user. 
     According to some embodiments, the control unit comprises a computing unit configured to operate the conveyer motor. According to some embodiments, the computing unit is controlled by a user. 
     According to some embodiments, the control unit comprises a computing unit configured to operate each of conveyer motors. According to some embodiments, the control unit comprises a computing unit configured to operate the first conveyer motor. According to some embodiments, the control unit comprises a computing unit configured to operate the second conveyer motor. 
     According to some embodiments, electric power source  590  is located in nebulizer control unit  582  and may include rechargeable batteries, where it is configured to power air pump motor  594  and computing unit  588 . 
     According to some embodiments, nebulizer cartridge  580  has a similar configuration to that of any one nebulizer cartridge  100 , nebulizer cartridge  200 , nebulizer cartridge  300 , or nebulizer cartridge  400 . According to some embodiments, nebulizer cartridge  580  includes elements similar to those of the above nebulizer cartridges: one or more porous media, one or more reservoirs, one or more stationary sponges, one or more mobile sponges, one or more conveyers and a snap-fit. 
     According to some embodiments, there is provided a method for producing aerosols, the method comprises: 
     providing the nebulizer disclosed herein; 
     obtaining instructions from a user to operate the conveyer motor(s); 
     operating the conveyer motor(s) thereby spreading the liquid onto the surface of the at least one porous medium; and 
     operating the pressurized air source thereby introducing pressure gradient to the at least one porous medium and thereby producing aerosol, wherein the aerosol comprises droplets of the liquid. 
     According to some embodiments, the method comprises connecting the control unit and the nebulizer cartridge, such that upon their connection, the serrated teeth of the external conveyer motor cogwheel are interlocked with the serrated teeth of the external cogwheel of the at least one rack-like element of the conveyer. 
     According to some embodiments, obtaining instructions from a user comprises obtaining instructions to the computing unit. According to some embodiments, upon receiving instructions in the computing unit, the computing unit sends a signal to the conveyer motor to turn on and operate. According to some embodiments, upon operation of the conveyer motor, it rotates the at least one conveyer motor cogwheel. According to some embodiments, rotating the at least one conveyer motor cogwheel by the motor entails rotating the serrated teeth of the external conveyer motor cogwheel. According to some embodiments, upon rotating said external conveyer motor cogwheel, its teeth are rotating in a radial direction, and pushing the interlocked teeth of the external cogwheel of the at least one rack-like element, such that the external cogwheel of the at least one rack-like element are rotated in the same direction. 
     According to some embodiments, the serrated teeth of the at least one rack-like element are interlocking with the serrated teeth of the external cogwheel, such that upon rotating said interlocking external cogwheel, its teeth are rotating a radial direction, and pushing the interlocked teeth of the at least one rack-like element, such that the at least one rack-like element is moved at a tangential direction in a rack and pinion mechanism. According to some embodiments, rotating said external cogwheel in the opposite direction entails moving the at least one rack-like element in the opposite direction. According to some embodiments, the at least one retaining unit and the at least one rack-like element are physically connected, such that upon rotating the at least one cogwheel, the at least one liquid absorbing element is being moved along the track. 
     According to some embodiments, upon receiving instructions the computing unit sends a signal to the conveyer motor to rotate the at least one conveyer motor cogwheel in the opposite direction, thereby inverting of the process and moving the at least one rack-like element in the opposite direction. As a result, obtaining instructions from a user entails affecting the movement or sliding of the at least one mobile liquid absorbing element along the track at any desired direction. 
     According to some embodiments, upon receiving instructions in the computing unit, the computing unit sends a signal to the pressurized air source to turn on and operate. According to some embodiments, the pressurized air source is an air pump having an air pump motor. According to some embodiments, upon receiving instructions, the computing unit sends a signal to the air pump motor to turn on and operate. 
     According to some embodiments, the air pump comprises blades. According to some embodiments, upon operation of the air pump motor, the air pump motor rotates the blades. According to some embodiments, the rotating of the blades creates pressurized air (i.e. positive air pressure). According to some embodiments, the pressurized air exits the control unit and enters the nebulizer cartridge, through the air inlet. According to some embodiments, the entering of the pressurized air to the nebulizer cartridge results in the pressurized air hitting the at least one porous medium, thereby creating aerosol. According to some embodiments, the aerosol exits the nebulizer cartridge through the mouthpiece. As a result, operating the pressurized air source and conveyer motor through instructions from the user to the computing unit, results in the wetting of the at least one porous medium and hitting it with pressurized air, such that the wetting liquid is aerosolized and the aerosol exits the nebulizer through the mouthpiece. 
     According to some embodiments, operating the conveyer motor(s) comprises instructing the computing unit to operate the conveyer motor. According to some embodiments, the instructing is performed by a user. According to some embodiments, instructing the computing unit entails determining a desired amount of aerosol to be produced; wherein operating the conveyer motor(s) is repeated for a number of times in response to the desired amount of aerosol. 
     According to some embodiments, the method further comprises delivering the aerosols to the respiratory system of a subject in need thereof. 
     The nebulizer disclosed herein may function as an inhaler under some circumstances. Thus, the terms ‘nebulizer’ and ‘inhaler’ as used herein may be interchangeable. 
     According to some embodiments, the nebulizer is configured to communicate wirelessly with servers, databases, personal devices (computers, mobile phones) among others. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, or components, but do not preclude or rule out the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof. 
     While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications, additions and sub-combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims and claims hereafter introduced be interpreted to include all such modifications, additions and sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope.