Patent Publication Number: US-2012033005-A1

Title: Method for setting up drive signal

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No. 12/369,254 filed Feb. 11, 2009 which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-033238, filed on Feb. 14, 2008, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to a method for setting up a drive signal in a liquid ejection head. 
     2. Related Art 
     In recent years, it has been proposed to employ a liquid ejection head with a plurality of small nozzles in the production of a thin film. A liquid including a functional material is ejected from predetermined nozzles onto a substrate and then fixed to form a thin film. 
     An example of such a thin film may include an emitting layer for a color filter or an organic electroluminescence panel, or metal wiring. 
     In a method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2003-159787, it is required that a liquid is ejected from a plurality of nozzles in a uniform amount (hereinafter, referred to as “ejection rate”) with no variation for the production of a high quality thin film. 
     Variation in the ejection rate may cause variation in the amount of the liquid placed on the substrate, which may lower uniformity in the produced thin film. 
     In a method using a liquid ejection head, for example, a method for manufacturing a color filter using a liquid ejection head, variation in the ejection rate may cause variation in the amount (i.e., the total ejection rate) of the liquid placed on the substrate. As a result, striped density unevenness appears in an obtained color filter. 
     Such striped density unevenness is easy to visually recognize and thus impairs the quality of the image displayed on the color filter. 
     A substrate with patterned, sectioned areas is used in the production of a color filter. Such a substrate includes areas between adjacent sectioned areas where no liquid is placed. 
     In this case, not all the nozzles are used at the same time. 
     Different models of the color filter may have differently-pitched sectioned areas. Accordingly, ejection patterns should be adjusted in the model. 
     A large substrate may be scanned several times for placing the liquid, which requires different nozzles for each scanning event. 
     Such a difference in frequency of use of the nozzles may cause variation in the ejection rate. 
     Variations in the ejection rate often occur even in a single nozzle if the same drive signal is used for ejection operation. This is because the ejection rate varies in a single nozzle due to differences in the patterns on the substrate or differences in relative positions of the substrate and the liquid ejection head. 
     In order to address this problem, a technique has been proposed to compensate for the variation in the ejection rate among the nozzles by setting up and supplying drive signals to the nozzles (i.e., drive elements) under several conditions in accordance with gradual changes in the ejection rate. Such a technique is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. H9-174883. 
     However, the technique described above requires a determining of a variation in the ejection rate among the nozzles to appropriately set up the conditions (e.g., the voltage level) for the drive signals in order to compensate for (i.e., relatively correct) the variation. 
     Although it is ideal to set up the drive signals independently for each nozzle, the types (i.e., systems) of the drive signals that can be set up are limited due to a limited hardware configuration or due to limited controls. 
     Since distribution of the variation in the ejection rate is uneven among nozzle arrays and the heads, it is difficult to set up conditions for the drive signals for each nozzle appropriately in a single process. 
     SUMMARY 
     An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to provide a method for setting up a drive signal highly accurately in accordance with characteristics of nozzles in a liquid ejection head so that a liquid can be ejected uniformly even when the nozzles are used with different frequencies. 
     In order to address the problem described above, an aspect of the invention provide a method for setting up a condition for a drive signal in a liquid ejection head that includes a plurality of linearly-arranged nozzles and driving elements provided for each of the nozzles, the drive signal being supplied to the driving elements when a liquid is ejected from the nozzles to a receiving medium. The method includes: calculating an average value or a median value of ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of the drive signal under a plurality of conditions (i.e., step A); classifying the plurality of nozzles into a plurality of groups based on the average value or the median value of the ejection rates (i.e., step B); calculating a proper condition for the drive signal corresponding to each group based on a statistical value of the ejection rate relating to the group (i.e., step C); and selecting one proper condition among proper conditions corresponding to the groups so as to set the selected proper condition for each nozzle (i.e., step D). 
     According to this aspect of the invention, the nozzles are classified into several groups based on the average value or the median value of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of the drive signal under a plurality of conditions. Thereafter, graded proper conditions are determined (i.e., calculated) on a group basis from the distribution of the ejection rate and the proper conditions are selected for each nozzle. In this manner, the drive signal can be set up highly accurately in accordance with the characteristics of the nozzles so that a liquid can be ejected uniformly even when the nozzles are used with different frequencies. 
     It is preferable that, in the method of this aspect of the invention, in the selecting one proper condition among the proper conditions corresponding to the groups so as to set the selected proper condition for each nozzle, that is in the step D, one proper condition that corresponds to a group relating to the statistical value most close to the ejection rate of the nozzle be selected so as to set the selected proper condition for each nozzle. 
     According to this aspect of the invention, the drive signal can be set up more highly accurately in accordance with the characteristics of the nozzles. 
     It is preferable that, in the method of this aspect of the invention, each of the groups be configured by substantially an equal number of nozzles. 
     According to this aspect of the invention, the conditions can be set up for the drive signal on a group basis, each of the groups including substantially an equal number of nozzles. 
     Therefore, an excessive concentration of the nozzles which correspond to specific conditions can be prevented. 
     It is preferable that, in the method of this aspect of the invention, the statistical value of the ejection rate relating to the group be an average value of the ejection rates of the nozzles in the group. 
     It is preferable that, in the method of this aspect of the invention, the statistical value of the ejection rate relating to the group be a median value of the ejection rates of the nozzles in the group. 
     It is preferable that, in the method of this aspect of the invention, the condition for the drive signal be a voltage component of the drive signal. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing the configuration of a main part of a liquid ejection device. 
         FIG. 2  is a plan view showing the configuration of heads in a head unit. 
         FIG. 3  is a plan view showing a positional relationship between scanning loci of the nozzles and a receiving medium. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating an electrical configuration of the liquid ejection device relating to the driving of the head. 
         FIG. 5  is a timing chart of drive signals and control signals. 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram showing a configuration of a device for setting up the drive signal. 
         FIG. 7  is a flow chart showing process flow for setting up the drive signal. 
         FIG. 8  is a plan view showing a positional relationship between nozzles and sectioned areas relating to the scanning of the head. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram illustrating distribution of an ejection rate for each nozzle and group classification. 
         FIG. 10A  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of the drive signal under a plurality of conditions. 
         FIG. 10B  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the average ejection rates for each nozzle. 
         FIG. 11  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  1  drive signal. 
         FIG. 12  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  2  drive signal. 
         FIG. 13  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  3  drive signal. 
         FIG. 14  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  4  drive signal. 
         FIG. 15  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  5  drive signal. 
         FIG. 16  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  6  drive signal. 
         FIG. 17  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  7  drive signal. 
         FIG. 18  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  8  drive signal. 
         FIG. 19  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  9  drive signal. 
         FIG. 20  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  10  drive signal. 
         FIG. 21  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  11  drive signal. 
         FIG. 22  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  12  drive signal. 
         FIG. 23  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  13  drive signal. 
         FIG. 24  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  14  drive signal. 
         FIG. 25  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  15  drive signal. 
         FIG. 26  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  16  drive signal. 
         FIG. 27  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  17  drive signal. 
         FIG. 28  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  18  drive signal. 
         FIG. 29  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  19  drive signal. 
         FIG. 30  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of a No.  20  drive signal. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring now to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail. 
     The embodiments described below are preferred examples of the invention and are therefore technically limited in many ways. The scope of the invention is not limited to those described unless otherwise stated in the following description. 
     In the drawings which will be referred to in the following description, the members or the parts are not to scale for ease of illustration. 
     Mechanical configuration and operation of liquid ejection device 
     First, with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 3 , the mechanical configuration and operation of the liquid ejection device according to an embodiment of the invention will be described. 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing the configuration of a main part of the liquid ejection device. 
       FIG. 2  is a plan view showing the configuration of heads in a head unit. 
       FIG. 3  is a plan view showing a positional relationship between scanning loci of the nozzles and a receiving medium. 
     A liquid ejection device  200  shown in  FIG. 1  includes a pair of linearly-arranged guide rails  201  and a main scanning carriage  203 . The main scanning carriage  203  travels in a main scanning direction by means of an air slider and a linear motor (not shown) provided within the guide rail  201 . 
     The liquid ejection device  200  also includes a pair of linearly-arranged guide rails  202  and a sub-scanning carriage  204 . The guide rails  202  are disposed above the guide rails  201  perpendicular to the guide rails  201 . The sub-scanning carriage  204  travels along a sub-scanning direction by means of an air slider and linear motor (not shown) provided within the guide rail  202 . 
     The main scanning carriage  203  includes a stage  205  on which a substrate P as a receiving medium is placed. 
     The substrate P can be absorbed and fixed on the stage  205 . The stage  205  aligns a reference axis in the substrate P along the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction accurately by means of a rotation mechanism  207 . 
     The sub-scanning carriage  204  includes a carriage  209  suspending therefrom via a rotation mechanism  208 . 
     The carriage  209  includes a head unit  10 , a liquid supply mechanism (not shown), and a control circuit board  30  (see  FIG. 4 ). The head unit  10  includes heads  11  and  12  (see  FIG. 2 ) as liquid ejection heads. The liquid supply mechanism supplies the heads  11  and  12  with the liquid. The control circuit board  30  controls the driving of the heads  11  and  12 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the head unit  10  includes the heads  11  and  12  which eject a liquid from nozzles n. 
     The head unit  10  according to this embodiment is used in production of a color filter for a display panel. Each of the heads  11  and  12  ejects a liquid corresponding to one of color elements of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). 
     The heads  11  and heads  12  are displaced from each other along the sub-scanning direction so as to mutually complement the ejecting areas. 
     A plurality of (60 in this embodiment) nozzles n of the heads  11  and  12  is linearly arranged at predetermined pitches (e.g., 180 dpi) to form nozzle arrays  21 A and  21 B. 
     The nozzles n in the nozzle arrays  21 A and  21 B are arranged along the sub-scanning direction. The nozzles n in the nozzle arrays  21 A and  21 B are arranged in a zigzag pattern (staggered pattern). 
     The heads  11  and  12  each includes a fluid chamber (hereinafter, referred to as “cavity”) which is in fluid communication with each nozzle n. Each cavity includes a piezoelectric element  16  (see  FIG. 4 ) as a driving element for driving a movable wall so as to change the capacity of the cavity. 
     Electrical signals (hereinafter, referred to as “drive signals”) are supplied to the piezoelectric element  16  to control the hydraulic pressure in the cavity so as to eject droplets (i.e., the liquid) from the nozzles n. 
     Here, the operation of the liquid ejection device  200  will be illustrated with reference to the operation for production of a color filter. 
     When the heads  11  and  12  travel in the main scanning direction with respect to the substrate P, the nozzles n draw scanning loci at predetermined continuous pitches (e.g., 360 dpi) with respect to the substrate P as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     Several (three in this embodiment) nozzles n near the edge of the nozzle arrays  21 A and  21 B are dummy nozzles (filled in the drawing) which are not used based on specificity of characteristics of the dummy nozzles. The scanning area relating to the dummy nozzles of the heads  11  is complemented by the nozzles n of the heads  12  and the scanning area relating to the dummy nozzles of the heads  12  are complemented by the nozzles n of the heads  11 . 
     The substrate P used in production of the color filter includes banks  51  which define sectioned areas  50 . The sectioned areas correspond to pixel areas. The banks  51  are formed in advance of, for example, a photosensitive resin. 
     For the substrate P, scanning loci of some nozzles n relate to the sectioned areas  50  and scanning loci of the other nozzles relate to no sectioned areas  50 . The liquid is ejected and placed onto the sectioned areas  50  by the nozzles n of which scanning loci relate to the sectioned areas  50 . 
     The reference numerals A 1  to A 5 , B 1  to B 5 , C 49  to C 54 , and D 49  to D 54  in  FIG. 3  denote nozzle numbers of the nozzles in the nozzle array  21 A of the head  11 , the nozzle array  21 B of the head  11 , the nozzle array  21 A of the head  12  and the nozzle array  21 B of the head  12 . 
     The nozzle numbers are serial numbers showing a sequence of the nozzles n in a direction in which the nozzle arrays  21 A and  21 B are arranged. In this embodiment, nozzle numbers  1  to  54  are used to denote the nozzles in a nozzle array except for the dummy nozzles. 
     In  FIG. 3 , the nozzles n with nozzle numbers of D 53 , C 54 , D 54 , A 1 , and B 1  eject the liquid to the same sectioned area  50  in a suitable period during scanning. 
     The nozzles n with nozzle numbers C 50 , C 53 , A 2 , and A 5  do not eject the liquid in all period during scanning since their scanning loci are on the banks  51 . 
     The nozzles n are controlled to eject or not to eject the liquid by switching supply and no-supply of the drive signals to the piezoelectric element  16  corresponding to the nozzle (which will be described in detail later). 
     The configuration of the liquid ejection device is not limited to those described above. 
     For example, the array direction of the nozzle arrays  21 A and  21 B may be inclined with respect to the sub-scanning direction so that the pitches between the scanning loci of the nozzles n become narrower than the pitches between the nozzles n in the nozzle arrays  21 A and  21 B. 
     In addition, the number and the arrangement configuration of the heads  11  and  12  in the head unit  10  can be appropriately changed. 
     In addition, the heads  11  and  12  may be thermally driven using a heating element provided in the cavity. 
     Electrical configuration and operation of liquid ejection device 
     Next, with reference to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , the electric configuration and operation of the liquid ejection device according to the embodiment of the invention will be described. 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating an electrical configuration of the liquid ejection device relating to the driving of the heads. 
       FIG. 5  is a timing chart of drive signals and control signals. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , the head  11  ( 12 ) includes a piezoelectric element  16 , a switching circuit  17 , and a drive signal selection circuit  18 . The piezoelectric element  16  is provided for each nozzle n (see  FIG. 2 ) of the nozzle array  21 A ( 21 B). The switching circuit  17  switches between supply and non-supply of the drive signal (COM) to each piezoelectric element  16 . The drive signal selection circuit  18  is for selecting supply lines (hereinafter, referred to as “COM lines” (COM 1  to COM 4 )) for the drive signals to be supplied to each piezoelectric element  16 . 
     The head  11  ( 12 ) is electrically connected to a control circuit board  30 . 
     The control circuit board  30  includes D/A converters (DAC)  31 A to  31 D, a waveform data selection circuit  32 , and a data memory  33 . The D/A converters (DAC)  31 A to  31 D each generates independent drive signals (COM). The waveform data selection circuit  32  includes a memory for storing slew rate data (hereinafter, referred to as “waveform data” (WD 1  to WD 4 )) of the drive signals (COM) generated by the D/A converters  31 A to  31 D. The data memory  33  stores ejection control data received from the outside. 
     The drive signals generated by the D/A converters  31 A to  31 D are output to the COM lines (COM 1  to COM 4 ) in the control circuit board  30 . 
     In the nozzle array  21 A ( 21 B), one electrode  16   c  of the piezoelectric element  16  is connected to ground lines (GND) of the D/A converters  31 A to  31 D. 
     The other electrode (hereinafter, referred to as “segment electrode”)  16   s  of the piezoelectric element  16  is connected to the COM lines (COM 1  to COM 4 ) via the switching circuit  17  and the drive signal selection circuit  18 . 
     Clock signals (CLK) and latch signals (LAT) corresponding to each ejection timing are input to the switching circuit  17 , the drive signal selection circuit  18 , and the waveform data selection circuit  32 . 
     Ejection data (SIA), drive signal select data (SIB), and waveform number data (WN) are stored in the data memory  33  for each ejection timing which is periodically set up in accordance with the scanning position of the head  11  ( 12 ). 
     The ejection data (SIA) defines switching supply and no-supply (ON/OFF) of the drive signals (COM) to the piezoelectric elements  16 . The drive signal select data (SIB) defines the COM line (COM 1  to COM 4 ) corresponding to each piezoelectric element  16 . The waveform number data (WN) defines the type of the waveform data (WD 1  to WD 4 ) input to the D/A converters  31 A to  31 D. 
     In this embodiment, the ejection data (SIA) is formed by 1 bit for each nozzle (0 and 1), the drive signal select data (SIB) is formed by 2 bits for each nozzle (0, 1, 2, and 3), and the waveform number data (WN) is formed by 7 bits for each D/A converter (0 to 127). 
     These data structures can be appropriately changed. 
     In the configuration described above, driving related to the ejection timing is controlled in the following manner. 
     In the period between timings t 1  and t 2  shown in  FIG. 5 , the ejection data (SIA), the drive signal select data (SIB), and the waveform number data (WN) are converted into serial signals and are then transmitted to the switching circuit  17 , the drive signal selection circuit  18 , and the waveform data selection circuit  32 . 
     Then, the data is latched at the timing t 2  such that the segment electrode  16   s  of each piezoelectric element  16  relating to the ejecting (ON) is connected to the COM line (COM 1  to COM 4 ) specified by the drive signal select data (SIB). 
     For example, when the drive signal select data (SIB) is 0, 1, 2, and 3, the segment electrode  16   s  of the corresponding piezoelectric element  16  is connected to the COM 1 , COM 2 , COM 3 , and COM 4 . 
     The waveform data (WD 1  to WD 4 ) of the drive signal for generation of the D/A converters  31 A to  31 D will be set up. 
     In the periods from t 3  to t 4 , from t 4  to t 5 , and from t 5  to t 6 , the drive signals (COM) are generated in accordance with the waveform data set up at the timing t 2  in a series of steps of potential rise, potential keep, and potential drop. 
     Then, the generated drive signals are supplied to the piezoelectric elements  16  connected to the COM 1  to COM 4  so as to control the capacity (i.e., pressure) of the cavity which is in communication with the nozzle. 
     The potential rise component in the period from t 3  to t 4  causes the cavity to inflate so as to draw the liquid into the nozzle. 
     The potential drop component in the period from t 5  to t 6  causes the cavity to deflate so as to push and eject the liquid out of the nozzle. 
     The time component and the voltage component relating to the potential rise, potential keep, and potential drop in the drive signals (COM) depend closely on the ejection rate of the liquid that is ejected from the nozzle caused by supplying the voltage to the piezoelectric element  16 . 
     Especially in a piezoelectric head, since the ejection rate shows excellent linearity with respect to the change in the voltage component, the voltage difference in the period from t 3  to t 6  can be defined as a drive voltage Vh, which can be used as a condition for the control of the ejection rate. 
     That is, the drive voltage Vh corresponds to the “condition for the drive signal” in the invention. 
     The drive signal (COM) to be generated is not limited to a simple trapezoidal wave as shown in this embodiment. Any conventionally known waveforms can be used for the drive signal (COM). 
     Alternatively, the pulse width (i.e., the time component) of the drive signal may be used as a condition for the control of the ejection rate in a case where a different drive system (e.g., a thermal system) is employed. 
     In this embodiment, several types of waveform data with gradually different drive voltages Vh are prepared and independent waveform data (WD 1  to WD 4 ) is input to the D/A converters  31 A to  31 D. In this manner, the drive signals (COM) with different drive voltages Vh can be output to each of the COM lines (COM 1  to COM 4 ). 
     The number of types of waveform data to be prepared is 128 which correspond to the amount of information (i.e., 7 bits) of the waveform number data (WN). Each of the types of the waveform data is made to correspond to the drive voltage Vh on a 0.1V basis. 
     In this manner, the liquid ejection device  200  according to this embodiment can eject the liquid at a proper ejection rate when the drive signal select data (SIB) and the waveform number data (WN) are appropriately set up. The drive signal select data (SIB) defines the correspondence relationship between the piezoelectric elements  16  (i.e., the nozzles) and the COM lines (COM 1  to COM 4 ). The waveform number data (WN) defines the correspondence relationship between the COM lines (COM 1  to COM 4 ) and the types of drive signals (i.e., the drive voltage Vh). 
     In other words, it is important for the control of the ejection rate to appropriately set up the drive signals for each nozzle which are defined based on the relationship between the drive signal select data (SIB) and the waveform number data (WN). 
     In the liquid ejection device  200  according to this embodiment, the drive signal select data (SIB) and the waveform number data (WN) can be updated for each ejecting event. Accordingly, the drive signals can be set up precisely corresponding to changes in the ejection data (SIA). 
     Method for Setting Up Drive Signals 
     Next, with reference to  FIGS. 4 and 6  to  9 , a method for setting up a proper condition (i.e., drive voltage Vh) for the drive signals for each nozzle will be described. 
       FIG. 6  is a block diagram showing a configuration of a device for setting up the drive signal. 
       FIG. 7  is a flow chart showing a process flow for setting up the drive signal. 
       FIG. 8  is a plan view showing a positional relationship between nozzles and sectioned areas relating to the scanning of the head. 
       FIG. 9  is a diagram showing the distribution of an ejection rate for each nozzle and a group classification. 
     In  FIG. 6 , a setup device  300  for setting up the drive signals includes a liquid supply device  301  for supplying the liquid to the head  11  ( 12 ) and a control circuit board  302  for driving the head  11 . 
     The setup device  300  also includes a liquid receiving container  303  for receiving and containing the liquid ejected from the head  11  and a weight measuring device  304  for measuring the weight of the liquid receiving container  303 . 
     The setup device  300  also includes a liquid receiving substrate  305  which receives the liquid ejected from the head  11 , a substrate transfer device  306  for transferring the liquid receiving substrate  305  along a direction that is parallel to the surface of the substrate, and a volume measuring device  307  for measuring the volume of the liquid placed on the liquid receiving substrate  305 . 
     The setup device  300  also includes a personal computer (PC)  308 . The personal computer  308  controls the driving of the head  11  via the control circuit board  302 , controls the driving of the substrate transfer device  306 , controls the measuring operation of the weight measuring device  304  and the volume measuring device  307 , and calculates based on the measuring result. 
     The control circuit board  302  has the same configuration as that of the control circuit board  30  (see  FIG. 4 ). 
     The liquid receiving container  303  can be configured of any materials as long as they are not eroded by the liquid. Preferably, the liquid receiving container  303  includes a porous member such as a sponge at an opening thereof to prevent volatilization of the liquid. 
     A common electronic balance can be used for the weight measuring device  304 . 
     A three-dimensional geometry measurement apparatus using white-light interferometry can be used as the volume measuring device  307 . 
     In this manner, the setup device  300  can measure the ejection rate in terms of weight and volume using two measuring devices, i.e., the weight measuring device  304  and the volume measuring device  307 . 
     The weight measuring device  304  is suitable for measuring the average ejection rate of the entire nozzle array highly precisely at high speed. 
     The volume measuring device  307  is suitable for measuring the ejection rate for each nozzle. 
     In a state in which the head  11  is connected to the setup device  300 , the average ejection rate of all the nozzles (except for the dummy nozzles) in the nozzle array is first determined (step S 1  of  FIG. 7 ). 
     In particular, a unit number (e.g., 100,000 times) of ejecting events is conducted at each nozzle, and the total weight of the ejected liquid is measured by the weight measuring device  304 . Then, the measured result is divided to obtain the average ejection rate. 
     The measurement is conducted under two different conditions of the drive voltage Vh (for example, 20V and 30V). 
     Next, the drive voltage Vh and the average ejection rate obtained under the two different measuring conditions are linearly interpolated to calculate a reference drive voltage Vs used for obtaining the average ejection rate at a reference ejection rate (i.e., a designed value according to the specification) (step S 2  of  FIG. 7 ). 
     The rate of change of the average ejection rate with respect to the drive voltage Vh is calculated as a correlation coefficient α for the correction of the ejection rate using the drive voltage Vh (step S 3  of  FIG. 7 ). 
     Next, the drive signals under a plurality of conditions are supplied to all the piezoelectric elements of the nozzle array to cause the liquid to be ejected onto the liquid receiving substrate  305 . The ejection rate is measured (step S 4  of  FIG. 7 ). 
     Since the surface of the liquid receiving substrate  305  is liquid-repellent, the liquid ejected from the nozzles forms independent, hemispherical droplets on the substrate. 
     The three-dimensional geometry of the droplet is measured by the volume measuring device  307 . The measured data is analyzed by the personal computer  308  to obtain the ejection rate. 
     Since the ejection rate for each ejecting event is significantly small, the liquid is ejected several times (e.g., 3 times) by each nozzle at a single position in order to improve accuracy in the measurement of volume (i.e., measurement of the ejection rate) of the droplet. 
     Here, the drive signals under a plurality of conditions means a plurality of drive signals under a plurality of conditions that are different in accordance with real ejection patterns when a liquid is ejected from the nozzles to the receiving medium. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG. 8 , when the liquid is ejected from the nozzles arranged in one direction toward a plurality of sectioned areas  50 A (model 1) that are provided on the substrate so as to be divided at a predetermined distance, some nozzles relate to the sectioned areas  50 A, and others do not. The liquid is ejected and placed onto the sectioned areas  50 A by the nozzles relating to the sectioned areas  50 A. 
     In  FIG. 8 , the nozzles relating to the sectioned areas are illustrated by solid lines as “ejecting nozzles”, and the nozzles not relating to the sectioned areas are illustrated by dashed lines as “non-ejecting nozzles.” 
     In this case, the ejecting nozzles and non-ejecting nozzles are switched for each scanning event, and all the nozzles are not used at the same time (see Xth and Yth scanning events). In addition, also in the case where the liquid is placed to a sectioned area  50 B in a different model (model 2), the ejecting nozzles and non-ejecting nozzles are switched for each scanning event. 
     Therefore, even if an identical model is used when a liquid is ejected from the nozzles to the receiving medium, the drive signals that are different in accordance with real ejection patterns are used. 
     In addition, if the pitches of the sectioned areas are different in each model, the drive signals are required so that ejection patterns are different in each model. 
     Furthermore, in the case where a large substrate is scanned several times for placing the liquid, the drive signals are required so that the nozzles used for each scanning event are different. 
     In this embodiment, by supplying the drive signals under the conditions that are different from each other described above, the ejection rate of each nozzle is measured. 
     Next, the average value or a median value of the ejection rates of each nozzle is determined based on the measurement data of the ejection rate of the nozzles (step S 5  of  FIG. 7 ). 
     That is, step S 5  constitutes the step A of the invention. 
     the number of the data pieces n used for calculating the average value or the median value of the ejection rates of each nozzle with respect to the number of drive signals N under the conditions that are different in accordance with real ejection patterns when a liquid is ejected from the above-described nozzles to the receiving medium may be set to n≦N, where N and n are integers and greater than or equal to 2. 
     In this embodiment, the case where the average value of the ejection rates of each nozzle is calculated is described as an example. The case where the median value of the ejection rate of each nozzle is similarly adopted in steps described below. 
     The ejection rate based on the average value of the ejection rates of each nozzle calculated at step S 5  is shown as a spatial distribution along the direction in which the nozzle array is arranged as shown in  FIG. 9  (in  FIG. 9 , the ejection rate is represented as the relative ratio with respect to the reference ejection rate q 0 ). 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , in the head according to this embodiment, the ejection rates become higher toward the ends of the nozzle array and lower toward the center of the nozzle array. 
     Next, based on the average value of the ejection rates of each nozzle calculated at step S 5 , the nozzles are grouped (step S 6  of  FIG. 7 ). 
     That is, step S 6  constitutes step B of the invention. 
     In this embodiment, the nozzles are classified into several groups in accordance with the order of the calculated ejection rates of the nozzles. That is, nozzles with higher ejection rates are classified as a high-order group. Also, nozzles with lower ejection rates are classified as a low-order group. 
     Specifically, groups A, B, C, and D are classified such that the group A is constituted of the 14 nozzles whose ejection rates are lowest, the group B is constituted of the 14 nozzles whose ejection rates are higher than that of the lowest 14 nozzles of the group A, the group C is constituted of the 13 nozzles whose ejection rates are higher than that of the 14 nozzles of the group B, and the group D is constituted of the 13 nozzles whose ejection rates are higher than that of the 13 nozzles of the group C. That is, the ejection rates of the 13 nozzles of the group D are highest. 
     Next, proper drive voltages Vh (hereinafter, referred to as “proper drive voltages VhA, VhB, VhC, and VhD”) corresponding to the groups A to D are calculated (step S 7  of  FIG. 7 ). 
     Although the term “proper” can be freely defined, in this embodiment, the proper drive voltages VhA to VhD that cause statistical values of the ejection rates relating to groups A to D to correspond to the reference ejection rates q 0  are calculated based on the average value of the ejection rates of each nozzle in step S 5 , the correlation coefficient α, and the reference drive voltage Vs. 
     That is, step S 7  constitutes step C of the invention. 
     Here, the statistical values of the ejection rates relating to groups A to D refer to the numerical values obtained from the statistics of the ejection rates of the nozzles in each group. In this embodiment, the statistical values are the average values of the ejection rates of the nozzles in each group. 
     In this manner, gradual proper drive voltages VhA to VhD are obtained for the ejection of the liquid in an average proper amount (i.e., the reference ejection rate q 0 ) from the nozzles of groups A to D. 
     Alternatively, step S 7  may be performed using the median values of the ejection rates of the nozzles in each group as the statistical values. 
     The proper drive voltages VhA, VhB, VhC, and VhD in this embodiment are defined as relative ratios with respect to the reference drive voltage Vs, and are 101.8%, 100.7%, 99.4% and 97.9%, respectively. 
     Defining the proper drive voltages as the relative ratios has an advantageous effect in that, for example, if the ejection rates change uniformly due to change in the liquid viscosity, the average ejection rate for the entire nozzle array can be measured to re-set the reference drive voltage Vs. 
     Next, one of the proper drive voltages VhA, VhB, VhC, and VhD is selected and set up for each nozzle as the drive voltage Vh to correspond with each nozzle (step S 8  of  FIG. 7 ). 
     That is, step S 8  constitutes step D of the invention. 
     The proper drive voltage VhA, VhB, VhC, and VhD may correspond with the four COM lines (COM 1  to COM 4  (see  FIG. 4 )) respectively in the control of the driving. 
     Alternatively, the proper drive voltage Vh to correspond with each nozzle may be collectively set up on a group basis. 
     However, groups with a relatively wide distribution range of the ejection rate like groups B and D may include nozzles with an ejection rate greatly departing from the statistical value. Accordingly, it is not always preferable to set up the proper drive voltage for such nozzles based on the statistical value of the group. 
     In this embodiment, one of the four proper drive voltages that is suited for the group relating to the statistical value most close to the ejection rate is selected and set up for each nozzle. 
     In this manner, the drive signal can be set up to be more highly accurately in accordance with the characteristics of the nozzles. 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 9 , the proper drive voltage VhA is set up for all the nozzles in group A. 
     For the nozzles in group B, the proper drive voltage VhB is set up for most of the nozzles, but the proper drive voltage VhC is set up, for example, for the nozzle of the nozzle number  8 . Also, the proper drive voltage VhA is set up, for example, for the nozzle of the nozzle number  15 . 
     In this manner, in the groups with a relatively wide distribution range of the ejection rate, the proper drive voltages corresponding to preceding and following groups may sometimes be set up for the nozzles near the border with the preceding and following groups. 
     As described above, according to the invention, the drive signal can be set up highly accurately in accordance with the characteristics of the nozzles so that a liquid can be ejected uniformly even when the nozzles are used with a different frequency by, based on the average value or the median value of the ejection rates of each nozzle, classifying the nozzles into several groups, determining (i.e., calculating) gradual proper conditions from the distribution of the ejection rates on a group basis, and selecting the proper conditions for each nozzle. 
     Specifically,  FIG. 10A  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to a supply of the drive signals (No.  1  to  20 ) under the conditions that are different in accordance with real ejection patterns. 
       FIG. 10B  is a diagram illustrating distribution of the average values (Ave.) of the ejection rates for each nozzle. The average values are calculated based on the data of the No.  1  to  20  drive signals. 
     In addition,  FIGS. 11 to 30  are diagrams separately illustrating the data of each of the No.  1  to  20  drive signals shown in  FIG. 10A . 
     As shown in  FIG. 10A , when a liquid is actually ejected from the nozzles to a receiving medium, since the drive signals under the plurality of the conditions are set and supplied for each nozzle (each driving element), it is understood that an occurrence of variation in the ejection rates is indicated caused by a difference in frequency of use of the nozzles. 
     In contrast, as shown in  FIG. 10B , since the average value (median value) of the ejection rates for each nozzle relating to the drive signal under a plurality of conditions is calculated, and since the waveform of the drive signals is controlled using this data, it is possible to uniformly eject the liquid. 
     The grouping process, especially the selection of the number of nozzles constituting the groups is not limited to the aspects described above. 
     However, since the drive voltage Vh is set up on a group basis, selecting a substantially equal number of nozzles constituting each group may redress imbalance in the number of nozzles corresponding to each of the proper drive voltages, i.e., each COM line. 
     Since the number of nozzles corresponding to the COM line may affect, for example, the distortion of the drive signals, it is preferable that the imbalance between the COM lines is redressed. In view of this point, the embodiments have been provided. 
     The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. 
     Another example of placement of a liquid using the liquid ejection head according to the invention may include production of a fluorescent screen for a plasma display device, production of an element film for an organic electroluminescence display and production of conductive wiring and resistive elements for an electric circuit. 
     Configurations of the above-described embodiments can be used in combinations thereof, in combination with another unillustrated configuration, or may alternatively be omitted.