Patent Publication Number: US-3881169-A

Title: Emergency vehicle traffic controller

Description:
Unite States atent n 1 Malacli Apr. 29, 1975 EMERGENCY VEHICLE TRAFFIC CONTROLLER [75] Inventor: Henry G. Malach, Beaumont. Tex.  
 [73] Assignee: Traffic Control Products, Inc.  
 [22] Filed: June 1, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 366.089  
 [52] US. Cl. 340/32 [51] int. Cl G08g 1/07 [58] Field of Search 340/32, 34, 36  
 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,705 323 3/1929 Adler 340/36 2963.693 12/1960 Capalozza. 340/34 3,247 482 4/1966 Lesher 340/32 X 3,465,294 9/1969 Carsello et a1. 340/171 R 3,638.179 l/l972 Coll et a1. A 340/32 3,735.342 5/1973 Helliker et a1. 340/34 Primary Examiner-William C. Cooper Attorney, Agent, or FirmBrowning and Bushman [57] ABSTRACT Controlled street intersections are equipped with an audio detector and emergency controller for automatically regulating the intersection traffic signals to initiate a predetermined traffic flow pattern at the approach of an emergency vehicle. The detector is responsive to a multiple tone audio frequency signal having predetermined frequency and time characteristics emitted by the emergency vehicle. Equipment in the controller determines when the detector is presented with a signal in which predetermined frequencies occur within an established time period. When these conditions are met, the emergency controller automatically provides the desired traffic signal to assist the emergency vehicle through the intersection. When the emergency vehicles audio signal is out of range of the detector for a predetermined length of time, normal operation of the traffic signal is automatically reinitiated. Phase detecting means are included in the controls so that the normal red, amber and green cycles follow with normal duration after the emergency control system is deactivated. A plurality of controllers may be employed to regulate traffic flow in all directions at any multi-street intersection.  
 10 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PATENTEDAFRZSiQYS SHEET 30F 3 EMERGENCY VEHICLE TRAFFIC CONTROLLER BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to means for regulating, the flow of traffic through intersecting streets. More particularly, the present invention relates to a means by which an emergency vehicle can regulate a traffic control signal at an intersection to permit the vehicle to safely proceed through the intersection.  
 2. Brief Description of the Prior Art Conventional systems designed to regulate the operation of a traffic control system at an intersection have usually included radio frequency transmitters carried by the emergency vehicle and suitable radio frequency receivers located at the controlled intersection. While such systems have the capability of controlling traffic in any desired manner, they are undesirable to the extent that each emergency vehicle in the system must be equipped with a special radio transmitter.  
  Any traffic control system which is responsive to a particular frequency, whether in the audio frequency or radio frequency range, may be falsely activated any time a signal with the specified frequency occurs within range of the detector. The susceptibility to noise of conventional prior art systems, the expense of equipping vehicles with special radio transmitters, or in some cases special light transmitters, and the susceptibility of all of such systems to improper triggering render such systems undesirable. One prior art system proposes reducing false triggering by employing a dual frequency RF signal. While this approach is in many respects superior to single frequency systems, the cost associated with equipping emergency vehicles with RF transmitters may be undesirably high. Moreover, any vehicle equipped with radio transmitters must also be equipped with a conventional audio signal to alert other motorists.  
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Many of the emergency vehicles now in operation are equipped with a two-tone audio frequency siren or emergency signal which is employed to provide an audible warning of the approach of such vehicles. Usually, the two tones are alternated and repeated at an established rate. The facts that multiple tones or frequencies are present in the warning sound and that all frequencies of the sound are present within a given time period are employed in the present invention to provide a system which is exceptionally immune to false triggering and which is inexpensive to employ since the transmitting portion of the system is already present in the audio alarm sound of many emergency vehicles.  
  The controller portion of the invention employs an audio frequency detector to pick up audio frequency signals in the vicinity of the intersection. Filters in the system preferentially pass only those two frequencies which are present in the two-tone emergency sound. These two frequencies are amplified and transmitted to a second portion of the circuit which determines whether the two frequencies persist over an established period of time. When both frequency and time duration conditions are met, the system automatically initiates emergency control of the intersection signals.  
  Once the emergency vehicle has cleared the intersection, normal operation of the traffic signal is initiated without changing the normal time duration or light color sequence of the signals.  
  These and other features, advantages and objects of the invention will be more readily understood from the following specification, related drawings and the claims.  
 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates a street scene at an intersection at which the present invention is employed&#34;,  
  FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating one form of the present invention;  
  FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are detailed schematic circuit diagrams of one form of circuitry capable of use in the present invention; and  
  FIG. 4 schematically illustrates one form of a flasher unit which may be employed in the present invention.  
 DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a street scene at an intersecting main street A and cross street B equipped with the emergency vehicle detector system of the present invention. As illustrated, an emergency vehicle 11, having a suitable two-tone, audio frequency transmitting device is shown approaching the intersection at which the receiver portion of the present invention is located.  
  The receiver operates with a traffic control system which includes a traffic light 12 and a signal controller or traffic control box 13. The transmitter portion which is represented by a siren 14 is mounted on the vehicle 11. Since suitable transmitting devices are commercially available the siren 14 does not form a part of the invention except to the extent that the siren must be of the type which produces at least two different frequencies of emitted audio frequency energy. In the preferred form of the invention, the emitted energy is a two-tone audio frequency signal of 600 Hz and 900 Hz.  
  The receiver portion of the invention is represented by its detector element, or transducer 15 which is mounted above the traffic level on a standard 16 located away from the intersection so that ambient noise at the intersection will not adversely affect the operation of the system. The detector 15 is only a portion of the receiver, the rest of which is preferably located in the control box 13. Interconnection between the control box 13 and the detector 15 is provided by a suitable electrical conductor 17.  
  With reference to FIG. 2, the block diagram of the emergency vehicle detector system of the present invention is generally indicated at 10. The system 10 receives audio signals emitted by the siren 14 mounted on the vehicle 11 through the detector transducer 15. The transducer 15 converts the detected audio signal into a low amplitude electrical signal which is then amplified by a variable gain preamplifier 18.  
  To avoid erratic operation of the system 10, by ambient or extraneous noises, a dual-tone decoder and amplifier circuit 19 is employed as a first means of preventing false triggering. As will hereinafter be explained in greater detail, the decoder and amplifier preferentially passes and amplifies only those signals having the predetermined frequencies of the siren 14. The detected signals having the frequency of one tone of the siren signal are formed on an output 19a and those having the frequency of the second tone are formed on an output 19b. The passed and amplified signals from the circuit 1 l are applied to a detector circuit 20 which determines if both tones are present in the detected signals within a predetermined time period corresponding to the repetition rate of the two audio frequency sounds emitted by the siren.  
  If both tones do not occur within the required time, a reset timer 21 will reset the detector circuit 20 so that subsequently detected signals may be examined. Thus, the detector circuit 20 and reset timer circuit 21 form a second means for preventing false triggering of the system 10. If both signals from the detector circuit 19 are present within the required time period, a timer 22 is activated to energize a master traffic controller relay 23. A delay adjustment 24 is provided to control the hold time of the timer 22. The setting of the delay adjustment 24 determines the length of time the traffic light is under the control of the system 10.  
  During normal operating conditions, the relay 23 is deenergized and the traffic light 12 is under the control of the normal signal controller 13. Energizing the relay 23 disconnects the normal signal controller 13 and connects an emergency signal controller 25 with the traffic signal 12. It will be appreciated that the emergency controller 25 can have a plurality of operating functions, however, one of the preferred functions is that of turning all of the lights in signals 12 to blinking red.  
  Details in the circuitry of the emergency vehicle detector are schematically illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3C. In FIG. 3A, the detector 15, the pre-amplifier 18, and the dual tone decoder circuit 19 are represented. The detector can be of any suitable type which will convert audio energy to electrical energy, such as a conventional speaker or microphone. In the present form of the invention, the detector 15 is preferably an allweather speaker. The speaker 15 is connected to the input of the preamplifier 18 which employs two-stage amplification and variable gain. Amplification is provided by transistors 26 and 27 and the variable gain is provided by a potentiometer 28. Suitable components which may be used in the preamplifier 18 for one form of the invention are identified and described below in Table 1.  
 TABLE 1 IDENTIFYING NUMERAL COMPONENT 26,27 Transistor 2N5l36 28 Potentiometer 10K 29 Resistor K 30, 43 Capacitor .001 p.F 31, 39, 41 Capacitor .5 p.F 32, 42 Resistor 6.2 K 33, 44 Resistor 100 K 34, 37, 48 Capacitor 300 ;:.F 35, 46 Resistor 68 36, 47 Resistor 470 38, 45 Resistor 10 K 40 Resistor 820 All resistance values are stated in ohms.  
  The output of the preamplifier 18 is applied to the dual-tone decoder circuit 19 which includes two active filter networks employing operational amplifiers 49 and 50 and a frequency determining network formed by capacitors 51 and 52 and inductor 53. In the described form of the invention, components of the circuit 19 are selected such that the frequencies of 600 Hz and 900 Hz are passed and amplified and substantially all other frequencies are rejected.  
  Components for a suitable dual-tone decoder circuit 19 are identified and described below in Table 11.  
 All resistance values are stated in ohms.  
  The output of each amplifier in the circuit 19 is applied to the detector and gate circuit 20 which includes RC time circuits for momentarily holding the signals received from the circuit 19. The circuit 20 includes resistors 74a and 75a, capacitors 74b and 75b, and, an AND logic gate comprised of transistors 76 and 77 and SCRs 78 and 79 which are employed to provide inputs to the AND gate.  
  When both the 600 Hz and 900 Hz signal are present, within a selected time interval, both of the SCRs are triggered and current flows from the SCR anodes to the cathodes so that the voltages present at the anodes are reduced. These reduced voltages cause transistors 76 and 77 to be biased into conduction which in turn biases a transistor 80 into conduction. If both signals are not present within the predetermined time period, the detector 20 is reset by a pulse generated by a reset timer 21. The timer 21 employs a transistor 82, resistors 83, 84 and 85 and capacitor 86 to form a unijunction relaxation oscillator. The positive going oscillator pulse is applied to the base of transistor 81 biasing it into conduction, which lowers the voltage at its collector to approximately zero volts. The collector of transistor 81 is connected to the anodes of the SCRs 78 and 79 so that the voltage drop turns the SCRs off to thereby reset the detector circuit. Typical components used in the decoder and gate circuit 20 and the reset timer circuit 21 are listed and described below in Table III.  
 All resistance values are stated in ohms.  
  Assuming that the requisite signals on lines 19a and 19b are present, the transistor 80 conducts producing a voltage drop across a resistor 99 which forms an RC charging circuit with capacitor 100 and produces the potential required to trigger the timer and relay driver circuit 22. The capacitor 100 is conducted in parallel with a resistive network comprising resistor 101 and potentiometer 102. This network forms the discharging network for the capacitor 100 and determines the length of time that the energizing controller has control of the light 12. The timer and relay driver circuit 22 is provided by a Schmitt trigger, transistors 103 and 104, and transistor 105, the latter having a high current handling capability for acting as a relay driver.  
  A complete listing and identification of components which may be used in the timer circuit 22 is given in Table IV.  
 All resistance values are stated in ohms.  
  When the timer circuit 22 is activated, the relay driver transistor 105 is biased into conduction causing the relay 23 to be energized. The relay 23 is a master relay and controls an interface relay 114 which is shown in FIG. 3C. In a system that uses a series of spaced, synchronized traffic lights, it is desirable that the normal time sequencing of the controller be maintained even though the lights are being controlled by the energizing controller. To this end, relay 114 is employed to disconnect only the output lines of the normal controller 13 from the traffic signal 12 while the internal sequencing of the controller is permitted to continue. The relay 114 having contacts ll5a-g, and ll6a-g is connected in series with the normal signal controller 13 and the traffic light 12. The contacts 115a-g are connected to lines coming from the controller l3, and in the deenergized position connect lines from the controller 13 to the signal light 12. Contacts ll6a-g are used to connect the emergency controller 24 with the signal 12 when the relay 114 is energized.  
  When an emergency vehicle emits an audio signal having the desired frequencies and time periods, the detector system energizes relay 23 which changes the position of the three associated relay contacts which in turn energizes relay 114 through a line 23b, applies power to the emergency controller 25 through a line 23e&#39; and starts a timer circuit 123 through a line 2311. The timer circuit 123 is similar to the timer 21 employed to reset the detector and gate circuit 20. Components used in the timer circuit 123 are identified and listed below in Table V.  
 TABLE V-Continued IDENTIFYING NUMERAL COMPONENT 127 Capacitor I00 ,uF 128 Zener Diode 10v 129 Resistor IOK 129a Potentiometer 25K All resistance values are stated in ohms.  
  After the timer 22 times out, relay 23 is deenergized which permits the associated relay contacts to move to the open position while relay 114 remains energized with coil power supplied through contact 116a. When timer 123 times out, a pulse is generated to trigger an SCR 124 which allows current to flow through the coil of relay 121 thereby energizing the relay to change the position of associated relay contacts l2la-l21d from that shown in FIG. 3C. This in turn supplies a voltage to contacts 1161) and l 16g through relay contacts 121C and 121d to produce a solid green for right-of-way traffic and a solid red for cross traffic. Simultaneously, the normal controller 13 has been cycling and when relay 121 is energized, a path for current is provided for the coil of relay 122 by the contacts of 1211) of relay 121. When the normal controller returns to green for rightof-way traffic, an energizing voltage is supplied to the coil of relay 122 through line 122&#39; which opens relay contacts 122a and 122b to deenergize relays 114 and 121 and reset SCR 124. The traffic signal 12 is thus returned to the control of the normal controller 13 without going through an improper color sequence and without having shortened color duration in the first sequence following return to normal control.  
  The emergency controller 24 can have a plurality of modes of operation depending on how the controller 24 is wired to the relay 114. In addition to the mode described, a flashing amber for the right-of-way street A, and a flashing red for the cross-traffic, street B, could be employed. Other modes are also possible. Control of the modes can be effected by the positioning of switches a and 12012. In the position illustrated, all lights exhibit a flashing red and the phase detector 123 is in the circuit. In the second position, the phase detector is out of the circuit and the mode is blinking red for street B and blinking amber for street A. While the circuitry has been illustrated with three colors, red, amber and green, it will be appreciated that any lesser or greater number of signals may be employed.  
  A form of a flasher unit used in the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 4 and indicated generally at 130. The flash unit includes a power supply, an oscillator, a bistable multivibrator employing transistors 131 and 132 which trigger triacs 133 and 134. When in operation, the flasher unit produces flashing light signals. The color and location of the flashing lights is determined by the location of the switches 120a and 12011 in FIG. 3C.  
  Listed below in Table VI are typical components which may be used in the flasher circuit 130.  
 TABLE VI IDENTIFYING NUMBERAL COMPONENT I31, I32, I50 Transistor 2N5l36 I33, I34 Triac SE45B I35, I36 Resistor 33 I37, I38 Resistor 680 I39, I40, I43, I46, I51 Resistor 10K TABLE Vl-Continued IDENTIFYING NUMBERAL COMPONENT All resistance values are stated in ohms.  
  The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof, and various changes in the size, shape and materials as well as in the details of the illustrated construction may be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.  
 I claim:  
  1. A traffic controller for regulating traffic flow through a traffic intersection equipped with a traffic signal comprising:  
 a. detector means responsive to an audible, transmitted audio frequency warning signal which has been transmitted through the atmosphere from an emergency vehicle;  
 b. frequency selective means connected with said detector means for determining the presence of a plurality of selected audio frequencies in the transmitted signal;  
 c. timing means connected with said frequency selective means for determining whether all of said plural selected signals occur within a selected time interval; and  
 d. control means connected with said timing means and said frequency selective means and operable upon the occurrence of said plural selected signals within said selected time interval to operate said traffic signal in a non-normal, predetermined manner.  
  2. A traffic controller as defined in claim 1 further including second timing means connected with said controller for reinitiating normal operation of said traffic signal when said plural selected signals are absent as inputs to said traffic controller for a predetermined period of time.  
  3. A traffic controller as defined in claim 2 further including:  
 a. a normal controller for normal operations and adapted to cyclically produce different color lights in a predetermined color sequence; and  
 b. phase detecting means connected with said second timing means for reinitiating normal operations following termination of said non-normal, predetermined operation whereby the first color change of lights in said traffic signal following termination of said non-normal operation is from the color during non-normal operation to the next color in said predetermined sequences of colors.  
  4. A traffic controller for regulating traffic flow through a traffic intersection equipped with a traffic signal as defined in claim 3 wherein:  
 a. said normal controller includes means for regulating the duration of light production from each of said different color lights whereby each of said different color lights respectively produces light for a predetermined time period; and  
 b. said phase detecting means includes means for reinitiating control by said normal controller at the beginning of the respective time period for said next color in said predetermined sequence.  
  5. A traffic controller as defined in claim 1 wherein said selected audio frequency signals include signals of approximately 600I-Iz and 900Hz.  
  6. A traffic controller as defined in claim 4 wherein said selected audio frequency signals include signals of approximately 600I-Iz and 900Hz.  
  7. A traffic controller as defined in claim 5 wherein said selected time interval is approximately 2 seconds.  
  8. A traffic controller as defined in claim 6 wherein said selected time interval is approximately 2 seconds.  
  9. A traffic controller as defined in claim 1 wherein said non-normal predetermined manner comprises flashing red lights signaling all streets in said traffic intersection.  
  10. A trafiic controller as defined in claim 1 further including selectively operable means for providing a plurality of non-normal modes of operation of said traffic signal.