Patent Publication Number: US-2021189474-A1

Title: Dna testing chip, dna testing method, and dna testing system

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a DNA testing chip, a DNA testing method, a DNA testing system, and a DNA testing chip control device. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) testing technique used for identifying a suspect in criminal investigation and for a paternity test is known. For example, when identifying a suspect, it is determined whether or not numbers of repeats in short tandem repeat (STR) sequences in a plurality of genetic loci coincide with each other between DNA in a bloodstain remaining at a crime scene and DNA of the suspect. Further, a microchip for use in a DNA test has also been developed (PTL 1). 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     
         
         [PTL 1] International Publication No. WO2009/119698 
       
    
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     The following analysis is made from a viewpoint of the present invention. Note that it is assumed that disclosure of the above-described prior art document is incorporated in the present specification by reference. 
     In the above-described DNA testing technique, it is necessary to perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis individually for each genetic locus in order to measure a number of repeats in an STR sequence of the respective genetic loci. This is because, when PCR and electrophoresis for a plurality of genetic loci are performed all at once (e.g. PCR is performed in one PCR tube, and electrophoresis is performed by using one capillary), it is not possible to specify from which genetic locus, a detection peak is derived. Unless being specified for each genetic locus, a number of repeats in an STR sequence is meaningless. In this way, in the above-described DNA testing technique, a complex processing process and a complex processing mechanism are required. There is a need for a technique of performing a DNA test with a simplified processing process and a simplified processing mechanism. 
     In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a DNA testing chip, a DNA testing method, a DNA testing system, and a DNA testing device, being capable of performing a DNA test with a simplified processing process and a simplified processing mechanism. 
     Solution to Problem 
     According to a first aspect of the present invention, a DNA testing chip described below is provided. The DNA testing chip comprises a chamber into which a PCR reaction solution is injected; and a sensor. The chamber comprises a region where a plurality of spots are aligned. A single-stranded DNA forms a solid phase on each of the spots. The plurality of spots are formed in such a way that combinations of a genetic locus and a number of repeats corresponding to the spot are different from one another. The single-stranded DNA comprises an STR sequence having a genetic locus and a number of repeats associated with each of the spots. The sensor is used for determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to a single-stranded DNA on each spot. 
     According to a second aspect of the present invention, a DNA testing method employing a DNA testing chip described below is provided. The DNA testing method comprises a step of preparing the DNA testing chip. The DNA testing chip comprises a chamber into which a PCR reaction solution is injected, and a sensor. The chamber comprises a region where a plurality of spots on each of which a single-stranded DNA forms a solid phase are aligned. The plurality of spots are formed in such a way that combinations of an associated genetic locus and an associated number of repeats are different from one another. The single-stranded DNA comprises an STR sequence having a genetic locus and a number of repeats associated with each of the spots. The sensor is used for determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to a single-stranded DNA on each spot. The DNA testing method further includes: a step of injecting the PCR reaction solution into the chamber; and a step of determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to a single-stranded DNA on each spot. 
     According to a third aspect of the present invention, a DNA testing system described below is provided. The DNA testing system comprises: a DNA testing chip; and a DNA testing chip control device. The DNA testing chip comprises a chamber into which a PCR reaction solution is injected, and a sensor. The chamber comprises a region where a plurality of spots on each of which a single-stranded DNA forms a solid phase are aligned. The plurality of aligned spots are formed in such a way that combinations of an associated genetic locus and an associated number of repeats are different from one another. The single-stranded DNA comprises an STR sequence having a genetic locus and a number of repeats associated with each of the spots. The sensor is used for determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to a single-stranded DNA on each spot. The DNA testing chip control device performs processing of injecting the PCR reaction solution into the chamber, and processing of determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to a single-stranded DNA on each spot. 
     According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a DNA testing chip control device described below is provided. The DNA testing chip control device performs a DNA test by employing a DNA testing chip. The DNA testing chip comprises a chamber into which a PCR reaction solution is injected, and a sensor. The chamber comprises a region where a plurality of spots on each of which a single-stranded DNA forms a solid phase are aligned. The plurality of aligned spots are formed in such a way that combinations of an associated genetic locus and an associated number of repeats are different from one another. The single-stranded DNA comprises an STR sequence having a genetic locus and a number of repeats associated with each of the spots. The sensor is used for determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to a single-stranded DNA on each spot. The DNA testing chip control device performs processing of injecting the PCR reaction solution into the chamber, and processing of determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to a single-stranded DNA on each spot. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     According to respective aspects of the present invention, a DNA testing chip, a DNA testing method, a DNA testing system, and a DNA testing control device, which contribute to performing a DNA test with a simplified processing process and a simplified processing mechanism are provided. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram for describing an outline of a DNA testing chip  100  according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 2A  is a diagram for describing an outline of the DNA testing chip  100  according to the example embodiment before a PCR reaction solution is injected. 
         FIG. 2B  is a diagram for describing an outline of the DNA testing chip  100  according to the example embodiment when a PCR reaction solution is injected. 
         FIG. 2C  is a diagram for describing an outline of the DNA testing chip  100  according to the example embodiment after washing. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram illustrating a specific example of the DNA testing chip  100 . 
         FIG. 4A  is a diagram for describing a flow path control mechanism on a DNA preparation chip  101 . 
         FIG. 4B  is a diagram for describing a state of the flow path control mechanism on the DNA preparation chip  101 . 
         FIG. 4C  is a diagram for describing another state of the flow path control mechanism on the DNA preparation chip  101 . 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of the DNA testing chip  100 . 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a swab receiving portion  116 . 
         FIG. 7A  is a diagram illustrating an external appearance of an example of a configuration of a testing chip  102 . 
         FIG. 7B  is a diagram illustrating details of an example of a configuration of the testing chip  102 . 
         FIG. 7C  is a diagram illustrating a cross section of an example of a configuration of the testing chip  102 . 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating an example of a DNA testing chip control device  200 . 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a controller  223 . 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating an example of information to be stored in an RAM  253 . 
         FIG. 11  is a diagram illustrating an example of information to be displayed on a display unit  222 . 
         FIG. 12  is a diagram illustrating an example of information to be stored in an ROM  252 . 
         FIG. 13A  is a diagram for describing a sequence of a free single-stranded DNA  162 . 
         FIG. 13B  is a diagram for describing a sequence of a solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161 . 
         FIG. 14  is a flowchart describing a flow of processing by the DNA testing chip control device  200 . 
         FIG. 15  is a diagram illustrating an example of a testing chip  102  according to a second example embodiment. 
         FIG. 16A  is a diagram for describing detection principles of an SPR sensor. 
         FIG. 16B  is another diagram for describing detection principles of the SPR sensor. 
         FIG. 17A  is a first diagram for describing detection principles of an FRET sensor. 
         FIG. 17B  is a second diagram for describing detection principles of the FRET sensor. 
         FIG. 17C  is a third diagram for describing detection principles of the FRET sensor. 
         FIG. 18A  is a fourth diagram for describing detection principles of the FRET sensor. 
         FIG. 18B  is a fifth diagram for describing detection principles of the FRET sensor. 
     
    
    
     EXAMPLE EMBODIMENT 
     First Example Embodiment 
     Preferred example embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that reference numbers in the drawings provided in the following description are provided to respective elements for convenience as an example for aiding understanding, and are not intended to limit the present invention to illustrated embodiments. 
     First of all, an outline of a DNA testing chip according to an example embodiment is described. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a DNA testing chip  100  comprises a detection chamber tank  134  into which a PCR reaction solution is injected, and a sensor  150 . The detection chamber tank  134  includes a region where a plurality of spots  160  on each of which a single-stranded DNA forms a solid phase are aligned. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , for example, the spots  160  are provided in such a way that combinations of an associated genetic locus and an associated number of repeats are different from one another. Note that, in the following, a spot  160  associated with a genetic locus A and a number of repeats n is described as a “spot (A, n)” or simply as “(A, n)”. 
     A solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161  which forms a solid phase on a spot  160  comprises an STR sequence having a genetic locus and a number of repeats associated with each of the spots  160 . Note that, in the following, the solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161  is described as an “SP-ssDNA” (solid-phase single strand DNA), and SP-ssDNA associated with a genetic locus A and a number of repeats n is described as “SP-ssDNA (A, n)”. 
     The sensor  150  is connected to a controller  223  in a DNA testing chip control device. The controller  223  determines whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in a PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to a solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161  on respective spots  160  via the sensor  150 . Note that a free single-stranded DNA  162  present in a free state in a PCR reaction solution is described as “free-ssDNA”, and free-ssDNA associated with a genetic locus A and a number of repeats n is described as “free-ssDNA (A, n)”. 
     Next, a DNA test using the DNA testing chip  100  is conceptually described with reference to  FIG. 2 . As illustrated in  FIG. 2A , spots (A, n−1), (A, n), and (A, n+1) associated with a genetic locus A, and spots (B, n−1), (B, n), and (B, n+1) associated with a genetic locus B are aligned on a bottom surface of the detection chamber tank  134 . A PCR reaction solution is prepared by performing PCR for the genetic locus A and the genetic locus B all at once and by further performing denaturation. The PCR reaction solution includes free-ssDNA (A, n) and (B, n−1). 
     When the above-described PCR reaction solution is injected into the detection chamber tank  134 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2B , free-ssDNA (A, n) forms a hydrogen bond to SP-ssDNA (A, n−1), (A, n), and (A, n+1). At this occasion, since free-ssDNA (A, n) and SP-ssDNA (A, n) have same sequence lengths, a blunt double-stranded DNA is produced on the spot (A, n). Free-ssDNA (A, n) is short of a sequence corresponding to one repeat, as compared with SP-ssDNA (A, n+1), and is surplus of a sequence corresponding to one repeat, as compared with SP-ssDNA (A, n−1). Therefore, an overhung double-stranded DNA including a protruding terminus, or a double-stranded DNA of a bubble structure is formed on the spots (A, n−1) and (A, n+1). On the other hand, since free-ssDNA (A, n) and SP-ssDNA (B, n−1), (B, n), and (B, n+1) are not complementary to each other, a double-stranded DNA is not produced. 
     Likewise, free-ssDNA (B, n−1) forms a blunt double-stranded DNA on the spot (B, n−1), and forms an overhung double-stranded DNA or a double-stranded DNA of a bubble structure on the spots (B, n) and (B, n+1). 
     When the detection chamber tank  134  is washed in a state illustrated in  FIG. 2B , a hydrogen bond in an overhung DNA and DNA of a bubble structure unbinds due to a single-stranded moiety thereof. Specifically, free-ssDNA (A, n) is dissociated from SP-ssDNA (A, n−1) and (A, n+1), and free-ssDNA (B, n−1) is dissociated from SP-ssDNA (B, n) and (B, n+1). Consequently, as illustrated in  FIG. 2C , SP-ssDNA on respective spots  160  returns to a state of SP-ssDNA alone or turns to a state of a blunt double-stranded DNA. 
     In a state illustrated in  FIG. 2C , the controller  223  determines whether or not a complementary free-ssDNA in a PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond with SP-ssDNA on respective spots  160  (specifically, presence or absence of a double-stranded DNA) via the sensor  150 . The sensor  150  is, for example, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor, or a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor. At this occasion, the controller  223  acquires a positive determination result on the spots (A, n) and (B, n−1). In other words, it is found that free-ssDNA (A, n) and (B, n−1) are included in the PCR reaction solution. 
     In this way, by using the DNA testing chip  100 , it is possible to perform a DNA test with a simplified processing process and a simplified processing mechanism. 
     Further, in a DNA test using the DNA testing chip  100 , even when PCR for a plurality of genetic loci is performed all at once, it is possible to measure a number of repeats in an STR sequence in respective genetic loci. Therefore, it is possible to reduce labor in a DNA test such as sample dispensing. 
     Further, in the DNA testing chip  100 , a number of repeats in an STR sequence is not measured based on a sequence length, but is measured based on sequence complementarity. Therefore, the DNA testing chip  100  does not require a constituent element (such as a capillary) for electrophoresis, and is advantageous in terms of cost reduction and downsizing. 
     Second Example Embodiment 
     First of all, as a second example embodiment, an example of a DNA testing chip  100 , and a DNA testing chip control device  200  for controlling the DNA testing chip  100  is described. As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the DNA testing chip  100  is constituted by combining a DNA preparation chip  101  and a testing chip  102 . The DNA preparation chip  101  is constituted by laminating elastic sheets  111  to  114 , and a resin plate  115 . A swab receiving portion  116  is mounted on the resin plate  115 , and various types of control holes  117  passing through the resin plate  115  are formed. 
     The elastic sheets  111  to  114  have heat resistance and acid/alkali resistance, and contain silicon rubber and the like having elasticity as a main material. It is desirable that the resin plate  115  is hard to such an extent that extending the elastic sheets  111  to  114  is controllable. A part of the elastic sheets  111  to  114  is non-adhesive. A flow path  120 , a liquid tank  121 , a valve mechanism  123  and the like to be described later are formed by a non-adhesive portion. Note that, in the following drawings, a non-adhesive portion is indicated by a broken line. 
     Herein, a basic structure of the DNA preparation chip  101 , and an example of a flow path control mechanism are described using  FIG. 4A , FIG.  4 B, and  FIG. 4C . As illustrated in  FIG. 4A , the DNA preparation chip  101  is disposed in such a way that a lid  213  of the DNA testing chip control device  200  covers the resin plate  115 . A non-adhesive portion is formed between the elastic sheet  113  and the elastic sheet  114  of the DNA preparation chip  101 , and a portion serving as flow paths  120 A to  120 C and liquid tanks  121 A and  121 B is formed. A portion of the resin plate  115  associated with the liquid tanks  121 A and  121 B is a through portion, and serves as control holes  117 A and  117 B. A pressurizing medium (such as air) is taken in and out through pressurizing holes  214 A and  214 B formed in the lid  213  of the DNA testing chip control device  200 . 
     Further, a portion serving as valve mechanisms  123 A and  123 C is formed between the elastic sheet  111  and the elastic sheet  112  of the DNA preparation chip  101 . The valve mechanisms  123 A and  123 C are associated with the flow paths  120 A and  120 C, respectively. A pressurizing medium is taken in and out through the control holes  117  (not illustrated) passing through the elastic sheets  112  to  114 , and through the pressurizing holes  214  (not illustrated) formed in the lid  213 . Further, a portion serving as the valve mechanism  123 B is formed between the elastic sheet  112  and the elastic sheet  113 . A valve mechanism  123 B is associated with the flow path  120 B. A pressurizing medium is taken in and out through the control holes  117  (not illustrated) passing through the resin plate  115 , and the elastic sheets  113  and  114 , and through the pressurizing holes  214  (not illustrated) formed in the lid  213 . 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates a state that liquid is injected into the liquid tank  121 A. At this occasion, a pressurizing medium is injected into the valve mechanisms  123 A to  123 C. The elastic sheet  113  is pushed up by expansion of the valve mechanisms  123 A to  123 C, and the flow paths  120 A to  120 C are closed. 
     When the flow path  120 B is opened by releasing a pressurizing medium in the valve mechanism  123 B, and the pressurizing medium is injected through the control hole  117 A from a state illustrated in  FIG. 4A , as illustrated in  FIG. 4B , liquid within the liquid tank  121 A reaches the liquid tank  121 B through the flow path  120 B. Specifically, liquid within the liquid tank  121 A pushes down the elastic sheet  113 , transfers downstream while forming the flow path  120 B, pushes up the elastic sheet  114 , forms the liquid tank  121 B, and stays within the liquid tank  121 B. 
     Thereafter, when a pressurizing medium is injected into the valve mechanism  123 B from upstream side (specifically, from a side of the liquid tank  121 A), as illustrated in  FIG. 4C , liquid within the flow path  120 B is squeezed out toward the liquid tank  121 B. In this way, flow path control and liquid transport are performed on the DNA preparation chip  101 . 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating a layout of the flow path  120 , the liquid tank  121 , and the like on the DNA testing chip  100 . As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , a buffer/reagent tank  131 , a DNA extraction tank  132 , a PCR tank  133 , a detection chamber tank  134 , and a washing buffer tank  135  as liquid tanks are formed on the DNA testing chip  100 . Further, a sample injection hole  136  and a liquid discharge hole  137  are formed. Respective constituent elements are connected via the flow path  120 . Note that a part of a configuration is omitted in order to simplify the drawing of  FIG. 5 . 
     A cell lysis buffer, a beads washing buffer, a DNA elution buffer, and the like are injected in advance in the buffer/reagent tank  131 . The cell lysis buffer is an alkali lysis buffer for dissolving cells, for example. The beads washing buffer is a buffer for washing magnetic beads. The DNA elution buffer is a buffer for eluting DNA from magnetic beads. Note that the DNA elution buffer also includes a reagent for PCR (such as polymerase). 
     The buffer/reagent tank  131  is connected to a cell lysis tank  138  being an inner space of the swab receiving portion  116  via the flow path  120  and the sample injection hole  136  (see  FIG. 6 ). Further, the buffer/reagent tank  131  is also connected to the DNA extraction tank  132  and the PCR tank  133  via the flow path  120 . 
     Specifically, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the cell lysis tank  138  is formed in an inner hollow portion of the tubular swab receiving portion  116 , and is connected to the flow path  120  via the sample injection hole  136  as a lower opening portion. A swab  139  having cells of a subject attached thereto is placed in the cell lysis tank  138  through an upper opening portion, and when the lid  213  of the DNA testing chip control device  200  is closed, the swab receiving portion  116  is connected to a cell lysis unit  218  of the DNA testing chip control device  200  (see  FIG. 8 ). At this occasion, the cell lysis tank  138  functions in a similar manner to the liquid tank  121 A illustrated in  FIG. 4A , except that liquid within the cell lysis tank  138  is directly squeezed out by a pressurizing medium. 
     Referring back to description of  FIG. 5 , the DNA extraction tank  132  is a liquid tank in which DNA extraction processing is performed. Specifically, magnetic beads (silica) are packed in advance inside the DNA extraction tank  132 . DNA in a sample solution (specifically, a cell lysis buffer in which cells of a subject are dissolved) is adsorbed to magnetic beads. DNA extraction processing in the DNA extraction tank  132  is performed via a DNA extraction unit  219  of the DNA testing chip control device  200 . 
     The PCR tank  133  is a liquid tank in which PCR is performed. Specifically, a plurality of sets of primers for amplifying an STR sequence are packed in advance inside the PCR tank  133 . PCR for a plurality of genetic loci is performed all at once. PCR in the PCR tank  133  is performed via a PCR unit  220  of the DNA testing chip control device  200 . 
     The detection chamber tank  134  is formed on the testing chip  102 . Specifically, the testing chip  102  as a single member has an external appearance as illustrated in  FIG. 7A , and is constituted by combining a resin lid portion  140  and a body portion  141 , as illustrated in  FIG. 7B . The detection chamber tank  134  is formed in the body portion  141 , is connected to the PCR tank  133  of the DNA preparation chip  101  via a flow path  120 D, and is connected to the washing buffer tank  135  via a flow path  120 E. Further, a heater  142  for heating liquid within the detection chamber tank  134  is provided in the body portion  141 . 
     Further, the liquid discharge hole  137  is formed in the lid portion  140  and the body portion  141 . Liquid within the detection chamber tank  134  is discharged outside the testing chip  102  via the liquid discharge hole  137 . A vent hole  143  is also formed in the lid portion  140 . A positive pressure and a negative pressure generated within the detection chamber tank  134  are released when air is taken in and out through the vent hole  143 . 
       FIG. 7C  is a cross-sectional view of the body portion  141  taken along a line X 1 -X 2  illustrated in  FIG. 7B . As illustrated in  FIG. 7C , crystal oscillators  152  on each of which SP-ssDNA (a solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161 ) forms a solid phase is aligned on a bottom surface of the detection chamber tank  134 . The respective crystal oscillators  152  are connected to the controller  223  of the DNA testing chip control device  200  via input-output terminals  153  provided on the body portion  141 . 
     Note that a spot  160  in  FIG. 1  indicates a region where one crystal oscillator  152  is disposed in  FIG. 7C . Further, the sensor  150  in  FIG. 1  corresponds to a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor in  FIG. 7C , and includes the crystal oscillators  152  and the input-output terminals  153 . Note that an expression in disclosure of the present application i.e. a spot  160  on which a solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161  (SP-ssDNA) forms a solid phase is interpreted in  FIG. 7C  as a crystal oscillator  152  on which a solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161  (SP-ssDNA) forms a solid phase. In other words, respective crystal oscillators  152  are disposed in such a way that combinations of an associated genetic locus and an associated number of repeats are different from one another, and SP-ssDNA includes an STR sequence having a genetic locus and a number of repeats associated with respective crystal oscillators  152 . A sequence of SP-ssDNA will be described later in detail. 
     Referring back to description of  FIG. 5 , a washing buffer for washing the detection chamber tank  134  is injected in advance in the washing buffer tank  135 . A washing buffer is prepared in such a way as to secure a stringent condition (specifically, a condition that a hydrogen bond in an overhung DNA and DNA of a bubble structure unbinds). A washing buffer may be a plurality of types of washing buffers. In this case, a plurality of washing buffer tanks  135  are provided, and respective washing buffers are individually stored. 
       FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating an example of the DNA testing chip control device  200 . As illustrated in  FIG. 8 , in the DNA testing chip control device  200 , a table  212  is disposed on a base  211 , and the lid  213  openable via a hinge is provided. The DNA testing chip  100  is placed at a predetermined position on the table  212  by fitting a pin provided on the table  212  in a pinhole formed in the DNA testing chip  100 , for example. 
     The plurality of pressurizing holes  214  are formed in the lid  213 . The pressurizing holes  214  are respectively formed for the liquid tank  121 , the valve mechanism  123 , and the liquid discharge hole  137  in the DNA testing chip  100 . In  FIG. 8 , the pressurizing holes  214  are omitted except for a part thereof for clarifying the drawing. A region of the lid  213  associated with the pressurizing holes  214  is a through portion, and the pressurizing holes  214  are connected to solenoid valves  216  via tubes  215 . Further, the pressurizing holes  214  are connected to the control holes  117  and the liquid discharge hole  137  in the DNA testing chip  100  when the lid  213  is closed. Note that the pressurizing holes  214  and the control holes  117  may preferably be in firm contact with a sealing mechanism such as an O-ring interposed therebetween. 
     The solenoid valves  216  are connected to a pressurizer/depressurizer  217 . A pressurizing medium such as compressed air is packed in the pressurizer/depressurizer  217 . A pressurizing medium is taken in and out through the control holes  117  in the DNA testing chip  100  via the solenoid valves  216  and the pressurizing holes  214  (see  FIG. 4A ,  FIG. 4B , and  FIG. 4C ). Further, the pressurizer/depressurizer  217  also functions as a pressure reducer. Liquid is discharged from the DNA testing chip  100  by sucking the liquid via the liquid discharge hole  137 . Note that an inner pressure of the pressurizer/depressurizer  217  is controlled as to maintain a predetermined pressure by an unillustrated pressure sensor, an unillustrated pump, and the like. 
     Further, the cell lysis unit  218  and the DNA extraction unit  219  are also provided on the lid  213 . The cell lysis unit  218  is connected to the swab receiving portion  116  on the DNA testing chip  100 . Specifically, the cell lysis unit  218  includes a heater for heating a cell lysis buffer within the cell lysis tank  138 . The DNA extraction unit  219  is an electromagnet, a neodymium magnet, or the like, for example, and holds or releases magnetic beads packed in the DNA extraction tank  132 . 
     The PCR unit  220  and a detection unit  221  are provided on the table  212 . The PCR unit  220  includes a temperature sensor, a heat transfer member, a Peltier element (a thermoelectric element), a heat radiating plate, and the like; and controls a temperature of the PCR tank  133  on the DNA testing chip  100 . The detection unit  221  is an interface in contact with the heater  142  and the input-output terminals  153  on the testing chip  102 . 
     The DNA testing chip control device  200  further includes a display unit  222  and the controller  223 . The display unit  222  is a display, a monitor, and the like, for example. The controller  223  is a computer for controlling constituent elements of the DNA testing chip control device  200 . 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the controller  223 . As illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the controller  223  is configured by connecting an input-output unit  251 , a read only memory (ROM)  252 , a random access memory (RAM)  253 , and a central processing unit (CPU)  260  via a bus and the like. 
     The input-output unit  251  is an interface for connecting respective constituent elements of the DNA testing chip control device  200 , and respective constituent elements of the controller  223 . Further, the input-output unit  251  is connected to an operation device such as a keyboard, receives an input by a user, and transmits the input to the CPU  260 . 
     The ROM  252  is a storage unit in which a program for controlling respective constituent elements of the DNA testing chip control device  200  is stored. The RAM  253  is a storage unit for use when a program stored in the ROM  252  is executed. 
     The CPU  260  executes a program stored in the ROM  252  by using the RAM  253  and the like. Various processing modules i.e. a flow path control unit  261 , a lysis reaction control unit  262 , a DNA extraction processing control unit  263 , a PCR control unit  264 , a detection processing control unit  265 , and a determination unit  266  are implemented by the CPU  260  executing a program. 
     The flow path control unit  261  controls the solenoid valve  216  and the pressurizer/depressurizer  217  to perform flow path control and liquid transport on the DNA preparation chip  101 , and discharge of liquid from the DNA preparation chip  101 . Regarding flow path control and liquid transport on the DNA preparation chip  101 , see  FIG. 4A ,  FIG. 4B ,  FIG. 4C , and the like. 
     The lysis reaction control unit  262  controls the cell lysis unit  218  to perform a lysis reaction of cells of a subject. Specifically, when the DNA testing chip  100  is set on the DNA testing chip control device  200 , the lysis reaction control unit  262  receives an input on a processing start instruction by a user. The lysis reaction control unit  262  instructs the flow path control unit  261  to transfer a cell lysis buffer from the buffer/reagent tank  131  to the cell lysis tank  138 . Further, the lysis reaction control unit  262  carries out lysis reaction by controlling the cell lysis unit  218  in such a way as to heat the cell lysis buffer within the cell lysis tank  138  via a power supply unit (not illustrated). 
     The DNA extraction processing control unit  263  extracts DNA from a sample solution by controlling the DNA extraction unit  219 . Specifically, the DNA extraction processing control unit  263  instructs the flow path control unit  261  to transfer a sample solution (specifically, a cell lysis buffer into which cells of a subject are dissolved) from the cell lysis tank  138  to the DNA extraction tank  132 . Further, the DNA extraction processing control unit  263  instructs the flow path control unit  261  to transfer and discharge a beads washing buffer, while controlling holding or releasing of the magnetic beads by the DNA extraction unit  219 , via a power supply unit (not illustrated). At this occasion, DNA in the sample solution is adsorbed to the magnetic beads. 
     The PCR control unit  264  performs PCR by controlling the PCR unit  220 . Specifically, the PCR control unit  264  instructs the flow path control unit  261  to transfer a DNA elution buffer from the buffer/reagent tank  131  to the DNA extraction tank  132 . At this occasion, DNA adsorbed to magnetic beads is eluted in the DNA elution buffer. Further, the PCR control unit  264  instructs the flow path control unit  261  to transfer the DNA elution buffer from the DNA extraction tank  132  to the PCR tank  133 , and subsequently, performs PCR by controlling the PCR unit  220 . Note that PCR is finished in a state that amplified DNA is denatured to a single-stranded DNA (e.g. a state that amplified DNA is retained at a temperature of 98° C.), for example. 
     The detection processing control unit  265  detects binding of a complementary free single-stranded DNA  162  to a solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161  which forms a solid phase. Specifically, the detection processing control unit  265  instructs the flow path control unit  261  to transfer a PCR reaction solution from the PCR tank  133  to the detection chamber tank  134 . At this occasion, a free single-stranded DNA  162  in a PCR reaction solution binds to a solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161  which forms a solid phase on a crystal oscillator  152  (see  FIG. 2B ). Further, the detection processing control unit  265  instructs the flow path control unit  261  to transfer and discharge a washing buffer, while controlling the heater  142  of the testing chip  102  via the detection unit  221 . Specifically, in the detection chamber tank  134 , washing of a crystal oscillator  152  is performed, and DNA returns to a state of a single-stranded DNA which forms a solid phase on a crystal oscillator  152 , or turns to a state of a double-stranded DNA (see  FIG. 2C ). 
     Herein, the detection processing control unit  265  oscillates respective crystal oscillators  152  by controlling a power supply unit (not illustrated) and applying alternate-current voltage to the respective crystal oscillators  152 . Further, the detection processing control unit  265  counts a frequency of the oscillation, and stores the counted frequency in the RAM  253  in association with a genetic locus and a number of repeats. Information illustrated in  FIG. 10  is stored in the RAM  253 , for example. 
     The determination unit  266  determines whether or not a free single-stranded DNA  162  in a PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond with a solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161  on respective spots  160 . Specifically, the determination unit  266  reads a frequency associated with a genetic locus and a number of repeats from the RAM  253 , and determines a number of repeats at which a frequency is high in respective genetic loci. For example, in  FIG. 10 , it is determined that frequencies at the number of repeats  2  and the number of repeats  4  are higher than a frequency at the other numbers of repeats regarding a genetic locus A. Further, the determination unit  266  outputs, to the display unit  222 , a name of a genetic locus, and the determined number of repeats in association with each other. In other words, a number of repeats in an STR sequence of a subject is displayed on the display unit  222  in association with a name of a genetic locus.  FIG. 11  is an example of information to be displayed on the display unit  222 . 
     Note that, as illustrated in  FIG. 10  and  FIG. 11 , since humans are diploid organisms, there are a case where a two numbers of repeats at which a frequency is high are determined (in other words, hetero-DNA), and a case where a single number of repeats at which a frequency is high is determined (in other words, homo-DNA). When a single number of repeats is determined, information indicating “homo-DNA” as illustrated by a genetic locus Y in  FIG. 11  may be supplementarily provided. 
     Further, the determination unit  266  may compare a natural frequency of respective genetic loci measured in advance and stored in the ROM  252 , and a frequency read from the RAM  253 . For example, information illustrated in  FIG. 12  is stored in advance in the ROM  252 . 
     In the following, sequences of a solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161  and a free single-stranded DNA  162  are described. In the present example embodiment, a region including an STR sequence is amplified by PCR. Specifically, a primer of PCR is designed to anneal to an upstream portion and a downstream portion of a STR sequence. Therefore, as illustrated in  FIG. 13A , a free single-stranded DNA  162  (free-ssDNA) present in a free state in a PCR reaction solution includes an upstream primer sequence, an upstream sequence, an STR sequence, a downstream sequence, and a downstream primer sequence. Herein, it is possible to design any sequence on a 5′ end of an upstream primer sequence and a 3′ end of a downstream primer sequence. On the other hand, a solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161  (SP-ssDNA) which forms a solid phase on a spot  160  is synthetic oligonucleotide, and it is possible to design any length and any sequence. 
     In the second example embodiment, when sequence lengths of free-ssDNA and SP-ssDNA are the same, a blunt double-stranded DNA is produced. Therefore, in SP-ssDNA, basically, a sequence complementary to free-ssDNA is designed. However, a mismatched sequence or an A/T-rich sequence may be incorporated in SP-ssDNA. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 13B , SP-ssDNA is designed in such a way that an amount of mismatched sequences or A/T-rich sequences increases from an upstream portion toward a downstream portion. Whereas an upstream portion of SP-ssDNA having a sequence as described above stably binds to free-ssDNA, a downstream portion thereof transiently binds to free-ssDNA (in other words, binding and unbinding are repeated). Consequently, since free-ssDNA and SP-ssDNA gradually bind from a downstream portion toward an upstream portion of SP-ssDNA, a blunt double-stranded DNA is produced. At this occasion, it is preferable to gradually lower a temperature of a buffer, or gradually reduce a salt concentration of a buffer. 
     Further, in order to uniquely unbind a hydrogen bond of an overhung double-stranded DNA and a double-stranded DNA of a bubble structure, while retaining a blunt double-stranded DNA, a chaotropic agent (e.g. urea and formamide) may be used. An overhung double-stranded DNA may have a Y-fork-shaped cleavage portion in an upstream portion or a downstream portion thereof, and a double-stranded DNA of a bubble structure may have a cleavage portion in an STR sequence. A chaotropic agent preferentially enters the cleavage portion and unstabilizes a double-stranded structure. Therefore, using a chaotropic agent may make it easy to cause dissociation of an overhung double-stranded DNA and a double-stranded DNA of a bubble structure, as compared with a blunt double-stranded DNA. Further, a DNA helicase which functions as to further open a cleavage portion of a double-stranded DNA may be used (e.g. “You et. al., The EMBO Journal, November 17 (2003), Volume 22, Issue 22: P. 6148-60.” is cited as a reference document). 
     Note that the sensor  150  may uniquely detect a spot  160  on which a blunt double-stranded DNA binds in a state that a blunt double-stranded DNA, an overhung double-stranded DNA, or a double-stranded DNA of a bubble structure is present on a spot  160  (see  FIG. 2B ). For example, a frequency when a blunt double-stranded DNA is present, and a frequency when an overhung double-stranded DNA or a double-stranded DNA of a bubble structure is present on respective spots  160  may be measured in advance. Further, it may be determined whether a blunt double-stranded DNA is present, or an overhung double-stranded DNA or a double-stranded DNA of a bubble structure is present on respective spots  160  by comparing with a frequency to be measured at implementation. At this occasion, for example, a base of a molecular weight larger than a normal base may be incorporated in a single-stranded moiety of an overhung double-stranded DNA by using a Klenow enzyme, or an intercalator that uniquely fits in a bubble structure moiety may be used. By using a Klenow enzyme or an intercalator, a weight of an overhung double-stranded DNA or a double-stranded DNA of a bubble structure is made heavier than a blunt double-stranded DNA. This causes a difference in frequency between crystal oscillators  152 . 
     In the following, a flow of processing by the DNA testing chip control device  200  is described. As illustrated in  FIG. 14 , when an input on a processing start instruction by a user is received, the DNA testing chip control device  200  carries out a cell lysis reaction (Step S 01 ), extracts DNA from a sample solution (Step S 02 ), and performs PCR (Step S 03 ). Subsequently, the DNA testing chip control device  200  causes free-ssDNA in a PCR reaction solution to bind to SP-ssDNA which forms a solid phase on a crystal oscillator  152  (Step S 04 ), washes the crystal oscillator  152  (Step S 05 ), and detects binding of the free-ssDNA to the SP-ssDNA (Step S 06 ). Further, the DNA testing chip control device  200  displays a test result in which a name of a genetic locus and a number of repeats in an STR sequence are associated with each other (Step S 07 ). 
     As described above, in the DNA testing chip  100  of the second example embodiment, PCR for a plurality of genetic loci is performed all at once, and a number of repeats in an STR sequence is measured, based on sequence complementarity. Therefore, it is possible to reduce labor in a DNA test such as sample dispensing, and it is advantageous in terms of cost reduction and downsizing. 
     Third Example Embodiment 
     In a third example embodiment, a case where the sensor  150  in  FIG. 1  is a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor employing surface plasmon resonance is described. Note that, in the following, points different from the first example embodiment are described. 
     In a body portion  141  of a testing chip  102  according to the third example embodiment, a glass plate  171  on which a thin film of gold particles is formed by vapor deposition is disposed on a bottom surface of a detection chamber tank  134 , and SP-ssDNA forms a solid phase on a gold particle film  172 . Note that a spot  160  in  FIG. 1  indicates a region where SP-ssDNA of a single type forms a solid phase. 
     A detection unit  221  of a DNA testing chip control device  200  further includes a light source for irradiating laser light to the glass plate  171 , and a camera (light receiving unit) for receiving reflected light. 
     A detection processing control unit  265  of a controller  223  captures reflected light on respective spots  160  by controlling the detection unit  221 . Further, the detection processing control unit  265  specifies a portion where luminance of reflected light is low, and stores, in an RAM  253 , information relating to the low luminance portion (e.g. an angle of reflection) in association with a genetic locus and a number of repeats of respective spots  160 . 
     When description is made based on principles of an SPR sensor, as illustrated in  FIG. 16A , incident light  173  is radiated to respective spots  160  by total reflection. Reflected light  174  caused by total reflection includes a low luminance portion  175  caused by SP-ssDNA which forms a solid phase on the gold particle film  172 . The low luminance portion  175  is identified by an angle of reflection. For example, when SP-ssDNA is present alone, the low luminance portion  175  is indicated by an angle of reflection θ 1 . Further, as illustrated in  FIG. 16B , the incident light  173  is also irradiated to a spot on which free-ssDNA binds to SP-ssDNA and a double-stranded DNA is produced. The low luminance portion  175  at this occasion is indicated by an angle of reflection θ 2 , which is different from an angle of reflection when a solid-phase single-stranded DNA  161  is present alone. 
     A determination unit  266  reads, from the RAM  253 , an angle of reflection associated with a genetic locus and a number of repeats, and determines a number of repeats associated with a unique (specific) angle of reflection for respective genetic loci. Further, the determination unit  266  outputs, to a display unit  222 , a name of a genetic locus and the determined number of repeats in association with each other. 
     In this way, it is possible to perform a DNA test even when a sensor is an SPR sensor employing surface plasmon resonance. 
     Fourth Example Embodiment 
     In a fourth example embodiment, a case where the sensor  150  in  FIG. 1  is a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor employing fluorescence resonance energy transfer is described. Note that, in the following, points different from the second example embodiment are described. 
     SP-ssDNA which forms a solid phase on a spot  160  is synthesized in a state that a first fluorescent substance  181  binds to a 3′-terminus. Further, a primer packed in advance in a PCR tank  133  is synthesized in a state that a second fluorescent substance  182  (quencher) binds to a 5′-terminus in advance. In other words, free-ssDNA includes the second fluorescent substance  182  at a 5′-terminus. 
     A body portion  141  of a testing chip  102  according to the fourth example embodiment is made of, for example, a glass plate so that fluorescence emitted from the first fluorescent substance  181  can be observed from a side of a bottom surface of a detection chamber tank  134 . SP-ssDNA directly forms a solid phase on a bottom surface of the detection chamber tank  134 . Note that, in the fourth example embodiment, crystal oscillators  152  and input-output terminals  153  are not necessary. In the fourth example embodiment, a spot  160  in  FIG. 1  indicates a region where SP-ssDNA of a single type forms a solid phase. 
     A detection unit  221  of a DNA testing chip control device  200  further includes a light source for irradiating excitation light, and a camera (light receiving unit) for receiving fluorescence. 
     A detection processing control unit  265  of a controller  223  captures fluorescence of respective spots  160  by controlling the detection unit  221 . Further, the detection processing control unit  265  stores, in an RAM  253 , a fluorescence luminance of respective spots  160  in association with a genetic locus and a number of repeats. 
     When description is made based on principles of a FRET sensor, as illustrated in  FIG. 17A , when SP-ssDNA is present alone, the first fluorescent substance  181  is excited by excitation light irradiated from below the body portion  141  of the testing chip  102 , and fluorescence of a first wavelength is emitted. On the other hand, as illustrated in  FIG. 17B , in a state that free-ssDNA binds to SP-ssDNA and a blunt double-stranded DNA is produced, resonance energy transfer occurs since the first fluorescent substance  181  and the second fluorescent substance  182  (quencher) are proximate to each other. At this occasion, the first fluorescent substance  181  and the second fluorescent substance  182  emit fluorescence of a wavelength different from the first wavelength. In other words, as illustrated in  FIG. 17C , when fluorescence of the first wavelength is captured, fluorescence is observed on a spot  160  on which SP-ssDNA is present alone, but fluorescence is not observed on a spot  160  on which SP-ssDNA turns to a blunt double-stranded DNA. 
     A determination unit  266  reads, from the RAM  253 , a fluorescence luminance associated with a genetic locus and a number of repeats, and determines a number of repeats associated with a unique (specific) fluorescence luminance, or a fluorescence luminance of a value smaller than a predetermined value, for respective genetic loci. Further, the determination unit  266  outputs, to a display unit  222 , a name of a genetic locus and the determined number of repeats in association with each other. 
     In this way, it is possible to perform a DNA test even when fluorescence resonance energy transfer is employed. 
     Note that, in the fourth example embodiment, it is possible to obtain a similar result even in a state that an overhung double-stranded DNA is present on a spot  160 . Conceptually, even when a sequence length of SP-ssDNA is smaller than a sequence length of free-ssDNA as illustrated in  FIG. 18A , or even in a case where a sequence length of SP-ssDNA is larger than a sequence length of free-ssDNA as illustrated in  FIG. 18B , the first fluorescent substance  181  and the second fluorescent substance  182  (quencher) are not proximate to each other. Therefore, when fluorescence of the first wavelength is captured, resonance energy transfer does not occur on a spot  160  on which an overhung double-stranded DNA is present, and fluorescence of the first fluorescent substance  181  is observed. Note that, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , it is possible to remove a bubble structure by designing SP-ssDNA in such a way that an amount of mismatched sequences or A/T-rich sequences increases from a downstream portion toward an upstream portion. 
     Fifth Example Embodiment 
     In the following, various modifications are described as a fifth example embodiment. For example, as described in the first to fourth example embodiments, a sensor  150  is replaceable by various types of mechanisms. Specifically, a sensor  150  may include another mechanism, as long as determining whether or not complementary free-ssDNA in a PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to SP-ssDNA on respective spots  160  (specifically, presence or absence of a blunt double-stranded DNA). 
     Further, a spot  160  on which a blunt double-stranded DNA binds may be detected, based on a temperature at which a double-stranded DNA is produced or dissociated (e.g. a temperature at which a double-stranded DNA is produced with a probability of 50%, so-called a Tm value (melting temperature)). For example, a Tm value of a blunt double-stranded DNA is measured in advance regarding respective spots  160 , and a database is prepared. Further, when implementation is performed, a frequency and an angle of reflection regarding respective spots are chronologically measured, while gradually increasing or decreasing a temperature of liquid within a detection chamber tank  134 , and a change with respect to a temperature is expressed as a graph. From the graph, an actual Tm value regarding respective spots  160  is calculated, and it is determined whether or not a double-stranded DNA on a spot  160  is blunt by comparing the calculated Tm value with a Tm value in a database. 
     Note that it is conceived that a Tm value when an overhung structure or a bubble structure is produced is lower than a Tm value when a blunt double-stranded DNA is produced. For example, see SantaLucia J Jr and Hicks D, Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure (2004) Vol. 33: P. 415-440. Further, it is conceived that the larger a difference in number of repeats between SP-ssDNA and free-ssDNA is, the larger a drop range of the above-described Tm value is. 
     Further, a Tm value for free-ssDNA having all numbers of repeats including a case where an overhung structure or a bubble structure is produced and a case where a blunt double-stranded DNA is produced, regarding respective spots  160  may be collected in a database. Further, a Tm value for all combinations of free-ssDNA (including hetero-DNA and homo-DNA) regarding respective spots  160  may be collected in a database. Specifically, when free-ssDNA is hetero-DNA, not only a blunt double-stranded DNA but also a double-stranded DNA of an overhung structure or a bubble structure may be produced on a positive spot  160 . Even in this case, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not a double-stranded DNA on a spot  160  is blunt. Further, determination as to whether or not a double-stranded DNA on a spot  160  is blunt may be made by comparing a change in frequency or angle of reflection with respect to a temperature from a graph, without comparing with a Tm value. 
     Further, in the first example embodiment, a DNA testing chip  100  constituted by combining a DNA preparation chip  101  and a testing chip  102  is described. Alternatively, a testing chip  102  may be used alone. Specifically, processing until preparation of a PCR reaction solution may be performed manually, and a DNA test may be performed by using a testing chip  102 . In this case, particularly, labor such as sample dispensing in preparation of a PCR reaction solution is reduced. 
     Further, a DNA testing chip  100  is dispensable. Alternatively, a DNA preparation chip  101  and a testing chip  102  may be separably configured, and the testing chip  102  may be repeatedly used. In this case, a detection chamber tank  134  is returned to a state before use by being washed after each time of use, and a washing buffer tank  135  is refilled with a washing buffer. 
     Further, a configuration of a DNA preparation chip  101  may be modified in various ways. For example, DNA extraction processing in a DNA extraction tank  132  is not limited to processing in which magnetic beads are used, but may be processing in which a column is used. 
     Note that a part or an entirety of the above-described example embodiments may be described as the following supplementary notes, but are not limited to the following. 
     (Supplementary Note 1) 
     A DNA testing chip comprising:
         a chamber into which a PCR reaction solution is injected; and   a sensor,   wherein the chamber comprises a region in which a plurality of spots, where a single-stranded DNA forms a solid phase, are aligned,   wherein each of the spots corresponds to deferent combination of genetic locus and number of repeats,   wherein each of the solid phase single-stranded DNA has a STR sequence with the genetic locus and the number of repeats which are corresponding to each of the spots, and   wherein the sensor is used for determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond with the single-stranded DNA on each spot.       

     (Supplementary Note 2) 
     The DNA testing chip according to supplementary note 1, wherein the sensor is a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor employing a crystal oscillator, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor employing surface plasmon resonance, or a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor employing fluorescence resonance energy transfer. 
     (Supplementary Note 3) 
     The DNA testing chip according to supplementary note 1 or 2, wherein a single-stranded DNA on a spot includes a primer sequence. 
     (Supplementary Note 4) 
     The DNA testing chip according to supplementary note 3, wherein the primer sequence includes a mismatched sequence. 
     (Supplementary Note 5) 
     The DNA testing chip according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 4, further including a PCR reaction tank in which a PCR reaction is performed for STR sequences of a plurality of genetic loci. 
     (Supplementary Note 6) 
     The DNA testing chip according to supplementary note 5, further including a DNA extraction tank in which DNA is extracted from cells of a subject. 
     (Supplementary Note 7) 
     A DNA testing method employing a DNA testing chip comprising
         preparing the DNA testing chip,   wherein the DNA testing chip comprises a chamber into which a PCR reaction solution is injected, and a sensor,   wherein the chamber comprises a region in which a plurality of spots, where a single-stranded DNA forms a solid phase, are aligned,   wherein each of the spots corresponds to deferent combination of genetic locus and number of repeats,   wherein each of the solid phase single-stranded DNA has an STR sequence with the genetic locus and the number of repeats which are corresponding to each of the spots, and   wherein the sensor is used for determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond with the single-stranded DNA on each spot,   the DNA testing method further comprising:
           injecting the PCR reaction solution into the chamber; and   determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to the single-stranded DNA on each spot.   
               

     (Supplementary Note 8) 
     A DNA testing system comprising:
         a DNA testing chip; and   a DNA testing chip control device,   wherein the DNA testing chip comprises a chamber into which a PCR reaction solution is injected, and a sensor,   wherein the chamber comprises a region in which a plurality of spots, where a single-stranded DNA forms a solid phase, are aligned,   wherein each of the spots corresponds to deferent combination of genetic locus and number of repeats,   wherein each of the solid phase single-stranded DNA has an STR sequence with the genetic locus and the number of repeats which are corresponding to each of the spots,   wherein the sensor is used for determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond with the single-stranded DNA on each spot, and   wherein the DNA testing chip control device performs   processing of injecting the PCR reaction solution into the chamber, and   processing of determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to a single-stranded DNA on each spot.       

     (Supplementary Note 9) 
     A DNA testing chip control device which performs a DNA test using a DNA testing chip,
         wherein the DNA testing chip comprises a chamber into which a PCR reaction solution is injected, and a sensor,   wherein each of the solid phase single-stranded DNA has an STR sequence with the genetic locus and the number of repeats which are corresponding to each of the spots,   wherein the sensor is used for determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond with the single-stranded DNA on each spot, and   the DNA testing chip control device performs   processing of injecting the PCR reaction solution into the chamber, and   processing of determining whether or not a complementary single-stranded DNA in the PCR reaction solution forms a hydrogen bond to a single-stranded DNA on each spot.       

     Note that it is assumed that disclosure of the above-described patent literature is incorporated in the present specification by reference. Modifications/adjustments of example embodiments and examples are available within the scope of all disclosure (including the claims) of the present invention, and further based on basic technical ideas thereof. Further, various combinations and selections of various disclosure elements (including respective elements of respective claims, respective elements of respective example embodiments and examples, respective elements of respective drawings, and the like) are available within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Specifically, it is needless to say that the present invention includes various modifications and alterations, which may be achieved by a person skilled in the art in accordance with all disclosure and technical ideas including the claims. 
     This application claims the priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-023542 filed on Feb. 10, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
         
           
               100  DNA testing chip 
               101  DNA preparation chip 
               102  Testing chip 
               111  to  114  Elastic sheet 
               115  Resin plate 
               116  Swab receiving portion 
               117  Control hole 
               120  Flow path 
               121  Liquid tank 
               123  Valve mechanism 
               131  Buffer/reagent tank 
               132  DNA extraction tank 
               133  PCR tank 
               134  Detection chamber tank 
               135  Washing buffer tank 
               136  Sample injection hole 
               137  Liquid discharge hole 
               138  Cell lysis tank 
               139  Swab 
               140  Lid portion 
               141  Body portion 
               142  Heater 
               143  Vent hole 
               150  Sensor 
               152  Crystal oscillator 
               153  Input-output terminal 
               160  Spot 
               161  Solid-phase single-stranded DNA 
               162  Free single-stranded DNA 
               171  Glass plate 
               172  Gold particle film 
               173  Incident light 
               174  Reflected light 
               175  Low luminance portion 
               181  First fluorescent substance 
               182  Second fluorescent substance 
               200  DNA testing chip control device 
               211  Base 
               212  Table 
               213  Lid 
               214  Pressurizing hole 
               215  Tube 
               216  Solenoid valve 
               217  Pressurizer/depressurizer 
               218  Cell lysis unit 
               219  DNA extraction unit 
               220  PCR unit 
               221  Detection unit 
               222  Display unit 
               223  Controller 
               251  Input-output unit 
               252  ROM 
               253  RAM 
               260  CPU 
               261  Flow path control unit 
               262  Lysis reaction control unit 
               263  DNA extraction processing control unit 
               264  PCR control unit 
               265  Detection processing control unit 
               266  Determination unit