Patent Publication Number: US-11047565-B2

Title: Flashlight with integrated self-defense device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present continuation-in-part patent application claims priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. 120 of the U.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 15/937,861, entitled “Flashlight with Integrated Self-Defense Device”, and filed on Mar. 28, 2018 under 35 U.S.C. 119(e). The contents of this/these related patent application(s) is/are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes to the extent that such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith or limiting hereof. 
    
    
     RELATED CO-PENDING U.S. PATENT APPLICATIONS 
     The following related U.S. patent application(s), submitted by at least one of the present Applicant(s)/Inventor(s) is/(are) recently co-pending: U.S. utility patent application Ser. No. 15/937,861, entitled “Flashlight with Integrated Self-Defense Device”, submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) on Mar. 28, 2018. 
     INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF SEQUENCE LISTING PROVIDED AS A TEXT FILE 
     Not applicable. 
     FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER LISTING APPENDIX 
     Not applicable. 
     COPYRIGHT NOTICE 
     A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection by the author thereof. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or patent disclosure for the purposes of referencing as patent prior art, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office, patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE RELEVANT PRIOR ART 
     One or more embodiments of the invention generally relate to self-defense devices. More particularly, certain embodiments of the invention relate to flashlights with incorporated self-defense device. 
     The following background information may present examples of specific aspects of the prior art (e.g., without limitation, approaches, facts, or common wisdom) that, while expected to be helpful to further educate the reader as to additional aspects of the prior art, is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, or any embodiments thereof, to anything stated or implied therein or inferred thereupon. 
     Weapons that can be used for protection, such as pistols, rifles, and other firearms is not always commensurate for self-defense in that the potential for death or serious bodily injury may often far outweigh the level of injury to the user that is threatened. As such, it is apparent that varying levels of non-lethal force alternatives are needed to respond to varying levels of potential danger. 
     The following is an example of a specific aspect in the prior art that, while expected to be helpful to further educate the reader as to additional aspects of the prior art, is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, or any embodiments thereof, to anything stated or implied therein or inferred thereupon. By way of educational background, an aspect of the prior art generally useful to be aware of is that typical box type pepper spray designs may be bulky and ergonomically uncomfortable to handle and may be awkward to discharge. In addition, conventional tubular pepper spray designs may be comparatively long. Furthermore, long spray tubes may have a tendency to trap and dribble residual pepper spray after the device is discharged. In the same token, typical pistol type pepper spray designs may be dangerous because an unwanted aggressor seeing any type of pistol pointed at him may be inclined to shoot first or escalate aggression in self-defense. 
     In view of the foregoing, it is clear that these traditional techniques are not perfect and leave room for more optimal approaches. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary Self Defense Flashlight device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the exemplary Self Defense Flashlight device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a sectional view of an exemplary trigger mechanism of the Self Defense Flashlight device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary spray nozzle device of the Self Defense Flashlight device, in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a first sectional view of an exemplary Trigger Assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a second sectional view of an exemplary Trigger Assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a sectional view of an exemplary Star Wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     Unless otherwise indicated illustrations in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention is best understood by reference to the detailed figures and description set forth herein. 
     Embodiments of the invention are discussed below with reference to the Figures. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes as the invention extends beyond these limited embodiments. For example, it should be appreciated that those skilled in the art will, in light of the teachings of the present invention, recognize a multiplicity of alternate and suitable approaches, depending upon the needs of the particular application, to implement the functionality of any given detail described herein, beyond the particular implementation choices in the following embodiments described and shown. That is, there are modifications and variations of the invention that are too numerous to be listed but that all fit within the scope of the invention. Also, singular words should be read as plural and vice versa and masculine as feminine and vice versa, where appropriate, and alternative embodiments do not necessarily imply that the two are mutually exclusive. 
     It is to be further understood that the present invention is not limited to the particular methodology, compounds, materials, manufacturing techniques, uses, and applications, described herein, as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to “an element” is a reference to one or more elements and includes equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art. Similarly, for another example, a reference to “a step” or “a means” is a reference to one or more steps or means and may include sub-steps and subservient means. All conjunctions used are to be understood in the most inclusive sense possible. Thus, the word “or” should be understood as having the definition of a logical “or” rather than that of a logical “exclusive or” unless the context clearly necessitates otherwise. Structures described herein are to be understood also to refer to functional equivalents of such structures. Language that may be construed to express approximation should be so understood unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. 
     All words of approximation as used in the present disclosure and claims should be construed to mean “approximate,” rather than “perfect,” and may accordingly be employed as a meaningful modifier to any other word, specified parameter, quantity, quality, or concept. Words of approximation, include, yet are not limited to terms such as “substantial”, “nearly”, “almost”, “about”, “generally”, “largely”, “essentially”, “closely approximate”, etc. 
     As will be established in some detail below, it is well settled law, as early as 1939, that words of approximation are not indefinite in the claims even when such limits are not defined or specified in the specification. 
     For example, see Ex parte Mallory, 52 USPQ 297, 297 (Pat. Off. Bd. App. 1941) where the court said “The examiner has held that most of the claims are inaccurate because apparently the laminar film will not be entirely eliminated. The claims specify that the film is “substantially” eliminated and for the intended purpose, it is believed that the slight portion of the film which may remain is negligible. We are of the view, therefore, that the claims may be regarded as sufficiently accurate.” 
     Note that claims need only “reasonably apprise those skilled in the art” as to their scope to satisfy the definiteness requirement. See Energy Absorption Sys., Inc. v. Roadway Safety Servs., Inc., Civ. App. 96-1264, slip op. at 10 (Fed. Cir. Jul. 3, 1997) (unpublished) Hybridtech v. Monoclonal Antibodies, Inc., 802 F.2d 1367, 1385, 231 USPQ 81, 94 (Fed. Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 947 (1987). In addition, the use of modifiers in the claim, like “generally” and “substantial,” does not by itself render the claims indefinite. See Seattle Box Co. v. Industrial Crating &amp; Packing, Inc., 731 F.2d 818, 828-29, 221 USPQ 568, 575-76 (Fed. Cir. 1984). 
     Moreover, the ordinary and customary meaning of terms like “substantially” includes “reasonably close to: nearly, almost, about”, connoting a term of approximation. See In re Frye, Appeal No. 2009-006013, 94 USPQ2d 1072, 1077, 2010 WL 889747 (B.P.A.I. 2010) Depending on its usage, the word “substantially” can denote either language of approximation or language of magnitude. Deering Precision Instruments, L.L.C. v. Vector Distribution Sys., Inc., 347 F.3d 1314, 1323 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (recognizing the “dual ordinary meaning of th[e] term [“substantially”] as connoting a term of approximation or a term of magnitude”). Here, when referring to the “substantially halfway” limitation, the Specification uses the word “approximately” as a substitute for the word “substantially” (Fact 4). (Fact 4). The ordinary meaning of “substantially halfway” is thus reasonably close to or nearly at the midpoint between the forwardmost point of the upper or outsole and the rearwardmost point of the upper or outsole. 
     Similarly, the term ‘substantially’ is well recognize in case law to have the dual ordinary meaning of connoting a term of approximation or a term of magnitude. See Dana Corp. v. American Axle &amp; Manufacturing, Inc., Civ. App. 04-1116, 2004 U.S. App. LEXIS 18265, *13-14 (Fed. Cir. Aug. 27, 2004) (unpublished). The term “substantially” is commonly used by claim drafters to indicate approximation. See Cordis Corp. v. Medtronic AVE Inc., 339 F.3d 1352, 1360 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (“The patents do not set out any numerical standard by which to determine whether the thickness of the wall surface is ‘substantially uniform.’ The term ‘substantially,’ as used in this context, denotes approximation. Thus, the walls must be of largely or approximately uniform thickness.”); see also Deering Precision Instruments, LLC v. Vector Distribution Sys., Inc., 347 F.3d 1314, 1322 (Fed. Cir. 2003); Epcon Gas Sys., Inc. v. Bauer Compressors, Inc., 279 F.3d 1022, 1031 (Fed. Cir. 2002). We find that the term “substantially” was used in just such a manner in the claims of the patents-in-suit: “substantially uniform wall thickness” denotes a wall thickness with approximate uniformity. 
     It should also be noted that such words of approximation as contemplated in the foregoing clearly limits the scope of claims such as saying ‘generally parallel’ such that the adverb ‘generally’ does not broaden the meaning of parallel. Accordingly, it is well settled that such words of approximation as contemplated in the foregoing (e.g., like the phrase ‘generally parallel’) envisions some amount of deviation from perfection (e.g., not exactly parallel), and that such words of approximation as contemplated in the foregoing are descriptive terms commonly used in patent claims to avoid a strict numerical boundary to the specified parameter. To the extent that the plain language of the claims relying on such words of approximation as contemplated in the foregoing are clear and uncontradicted by anything in the written description herein or the figures thereof, it is improper to rely upon the present written description, the figures, or the prosecution history to add limitations to any of the claim of the present invention with respect to such words of approximation as contemplated in the foregoing. That is, under such circumstances, relying on the written description and prosecution history to reject the ordinary and customary meanings of the words themselves is impermissible. See, for example, Liquid Dynamics Corp. v. Vaughan Co., 355 F.3d 1361, 69 USPQ2d 1595, 1600-01 (Fed. Cir. 2004). The plain language of phrase 2 requires a “substantial helical flow.” The term “substantial” is a meaningful modifier implying “approximate,” rather than “perfect.” In Cordis Corp. v. Medtronic AVE, Inc., 339 F.3d 1352, 1361 (Fed. Cir. 2003), the district court imposed a precise numeric constraint on the term “substantially uniform thickness.” We noted that the proper interpretation of this term was “of largely or approximately uniform thickness” unless something in the prosecution history imposed the “clear and unmistakable disclaimer” needed for narrowing beyond this simple-language interpretation. Id. In Anchor Wall Systems v. Rockwood Retaining Walls, Inc., 340 F.3d 1298, 1311 (Fed. Cir. 2003)” Id. at 1311. Similarly, the plain language of claim 1 requires neither a perfectly helical flow nor a flow that returns precisely to the center after one rotation (a limitation that arises only as a logical consequence of requiring a perfectly helical flow). 
     The reader should appreciate that case law generally recognizes a dual ordinary meaning of such words of approximation, as contemplated in the foregoing, as connoting a term of approximation or a term of magnitude; e.g., see Deering Precision Instruments, L.L.C. v. Vector Distrib. Sys., Inc., 347 F.3d 1314, 68 USPQ2d 1716, 1721 (Fed. Cir. 2003), cert. denied, 124 S. Ct. 1426 (2004) where the court was asked to construe the meaning of the term “substantially” in a patent claim. Also see Epcon, 279 F.3d at 1031 (“The phrase ‘substantially constant’ denotes language of approximation, while the phrase ‘substantially below’ signifies language of magnitude, i.e., not insubstantial.”). Also, see, e.g., Epcon Gas Sys., Inc. v. Bauer Compressors, Inc., 279 F.3d 1022 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (construing the terms “substantially constant” and “substantially below”); Zodiac Pool Care, Inc. v. Hoffinger Indus., Inc., 206 F.3d 1408 (Fed. Cir. 2000) (construing the term “substantially inward”); York Prods., Inc. v. Cent. Tractor Farm &amp; Family Ctr., 99 F.3d 1568 (Fed. Cir. 1996) (construing the term “substantially the entire height thereof”); Tex. Instruments Inc. v. Cypress Semiconductor Corp., 90 F.3d 1558 (Fed. Cir. 1996) (construing the term “substantially in the common plane”). In conducting their analysis, the court instructed to begin with the ordinary meaning of the claim terms to one of ordinary skill in the art. Prima Tek, 318 F.3d at 1148. Reference to dictionaries and our cases indicates that the term “substantially” has numerous ordinary meanings. As the district court stated, “substantially” can mean “significantly” or “considerably.” The term “substantially” can also mean “largely” or “essentially.” Webster&#39;s New 20th Century Dictionary 1817 (1983). 
     Words of approximation, as contemplated in the foregoing, may also be used in phrases establishing approximate ranges or limits, where the end points are inclusive and approximate, not perfect; e.g., see AK Steel Corp. v. Sollac, 344 F.3d 1234, 68 USPQ2d 1280, 1285 (Fed. Cir. 2003) where it where the court said [W]e conclude that the ordinary meaning of the phrase “up to about 10%” includes the “about 10%” endpoint. As pointed out by AK Steel, when an object of the preposition “up to” is nonnumeric, the most natural meaning is to exclude the object (e.g., painting the wall up to the door). On the other hand, as pointed out by Sollac, when the object is a numerical limit, the normal meaning is to include that upper numerical limit (e.g., counting up to ten, seating capacity for up to seven passengers). Because we have here a numerical limit—“about 10%”—the ordinary meaning is that that endpoint is included. 
     In the present specification and claims, a goal of employment of such words of approximation, as contemplated in the foregoing, is to avoid a strict numerical boundary to the modified specified parameter, as sanctioned by Pall Corp. v. Micron Separations, Inc., 66 F.3d 1211, 1217, 36 USPQ2d 1225, 1229 (Fed. Cir. 1995) where it states “It is well established that when the term “substantially” serves reasonably to describe the subject matter so that its scope would be understood by persons in the field of the invention, and to distinguish the claimed subject matter from the prior art, it is not indefinite.” Likewise see Verve LLC v. Crane Cams Inc., 311 F.3d 1116, 65 USPQ2d 1051, 1054 (Fed. Cir. 2002). Expressions such as “substantially” are used in patent documents when warranted by the nature of the invention, in order to accommodate the minor variations that may be appropriate to secure the invention. Such usage may well satisfy the charge to “particularly point out and distinctly claim” the invention, 35 U.S.C. § 112, and indeed may be necessary in order to provide the inventor with the benefit of his invention. In Andrew Corp. v. Gabriel Elecs. Inc., 847 F.2d 819, 821-22, 6 USPQ2d 2010, 2013 (Fed. Cir. 1988) the court explained that usages such as “substantially equal” and “closely approximate” may serve to describe the invention with precision appropriate to the technology and without intruding on the prior art. The court again explained in Ecolab Inc. v. Envirochem, Inc., 264 F.3d 1358, 1367, 60 USPQ2d 1173, 1179 (Fed. Cir. 2001) that “like the term ‘about,’ the term ‘substantially’ is a descriptive term commonly used in patent claims to ‘avoid a strict numerical boundary to the specified parameter, see Ecolab Inc. v. Envirochem Inc., 264 F.3d 1358, 60 USPQ2d 1173, 1179 (Fed. Cir. 2001) where the court found that the use of the term “substantially” to modify the term “uniform” does not render this phrase so unclear such that there is no means by which to ascertain the claim scope. 
     Similarly, other courts have noted that like the term “about,” the term “substantially” is a descriptive term commonly used in patent claims to “avoid a strict numerical boundary to the specified parameter.”; e.g., see Pall Corp. v. Micron Seps., 66 F.3d 1211, 1217, 36 USPQ2d 1225, 1229 (Fed. Cir. 1995); see, e.g., Andrew Corp. v. Gabriel Elecs. Inc., 847 F.2d 819, 821-22, 6 USPQ2d 2010, 2013 (Fed. Cir. 1988) (noting that terms such as “approach each other,” “close to,” “substantially equal,” and “closely approximate” are ubiquitously used in patent claims and that such usages, when serving reasonably to describe the claimed subject matter to those of skill in the field of the invention, and to distinguish the claimed subject matter from the prior art, have been accepted in patent examination and upheld by the courts). In this case, “substantially” avoids the strict 100% nonuniformity boundary. 
     Indeed, the foregoing sanctioning of such words of approximation, as contemplated in the foregoing, has been established as early as 1939, see Ex parte Mallory, 52 USPQ 297, 297 (Pat. Off. Bd. App. 1941) where, for example, the court said “the claims specify that the film is “substantially” eliminated and for the intended purpose, it is believed that the slight portion of the film which may remain is negligible. We are of the view, therefore, that the claims may be regarded as sufficiently accurate.” Similarly, In re Hutchison, 104 F.2d 829, 42 USPQ 90, 93 (C.C.P.A. 1939) the court said “It is realized that “substantial distance” is a relative and somewhat indefinite term, or phrase, but terms and phrases of this character are not uncommon in patents in cases where, according to the art involved, the meaning can be determined with reasonable clearness.” 
     Hence, for at least the forgoing reason, Applicants submit that it is improper for any examiner to hold as indefinite any claims of the present patent that employ any words of approximation. 
     Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Preferred methods, techniques, devices, and materials are described, although any methods, techniques, devices, or materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. Structures described herein are to be understood also to refer to functional equivalents of such structures. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 
     References to a “device,” an “apparatus,” a “system,” etc., in the preamble of a claim should be construed broadly to mean “any structure meeting the claim terms” exempt for any specific structure(s)/type(s) that has/(have) been explicitly disavowed or excluded or admitted/implied as prior art in the present specification or incapable of enabling an object/aspect/goal of the invention. Furthermore, where the present specification discloses an object, aspect, function, goal, result, or advantage of the invention that a specific prior art structure and/or method step is similarly capable of performing yet in a very different way, the present invention disclosure is intended to and shall also implicitly include and cover additional corresponding alternative embodiments that are otherwise identical to that explicitly disclosed except that they exclude such prior art structure(s)/step(s), and shall accordingly be deemed as providing sufficient disclosure to support a corresponding negative limitation in a claim claiming such alternative embodiment(s), which exclude such very different prior art structure(s)/step(s) way(s). 
     From reading the present disclosure, other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. Such variations and modifications may involve equivalent and other features which are already known in the art, and which may be used instead of or in addition to features already described herein. 
     Although Claims have been formulated in this Application to particular combinations of features, it should be understood that the scope of the disclosure of the present invention also includes any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or implicitly or any generalization thereof, whether or not it relates to the same invention as presently claimed in any Claim and whether or not it mitigates any or all of the same technical problems as does the present invention. 
     Features which are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination. The Applicants hereby give notice that new Claims may be formulated to such features and/or combinations of such features during the prosecution of the present Application or of any further Application derived therefrom. 
     References to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “example embodiment,” “various embodiments,” “some embodiments,” “embodiments of the invention,” etc., may indicate that the embodiment(s) of the invention so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every possible embodiment of the invention necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase “in one embodiment,” or “in an exemplary embodiment,” “an embodiment,” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although they may. Moreover, any use of phrases like “embodiments” in connection with “the invention” are never meant to characterize that all embodiments of the invention must include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic, and should instead be understood to mean “at least some embodiments of the invention” include the stated particular feature, structure, or characteristic. 
     References to “user”, or any similar term, as used herein, may mean a human or non-human user thereof. Moreover, “user”, or any similar term, as used herein, unless expressly stipulated otherwise, is contemplated to mean users at any stage of the usage process, to include, without limitation, direct user(s), intermediate user(s), indirect user(s), and end user(s). The meaning of “user”, or any similar term, as used herein, should not be otherwise inferred or induced by any pattern(s) of description, embodiments, examples, or referenced prior-art that may (or may not) be provided in the present patent. 
     References to “end user”, or any similar term, as used herein, is generally intended to mean late stage user(s) as opposed to early stage user(s). Hence, it is contemplated that there may be a multiplicity of different types of “end user” near the end stage of the usage process. Where applicable, especially with respect to distribution channels of embodiments of the invention comprising consumed retail products/services thereof (as opposed to sellers/vendors or Original Equipment Manufacturers), examples of an “end user” may include, without limitation, a “consumer”, “buyer”, “customer”, “purchaser”, “shopper”, “enjoyer”, “viewer”, or individual person or non-human thing benefiting in any way, directly or indirectly, from use of or interaction, with some aspect of the present invention. 
     In some situations, some embodiments of the present invention may provide beneficial usage to more than one stage or type of usage in the foregoing usage process. In such cases where multiple embodiments targeting various stages of the usage process are described, references to “end user”, or any similar term, as used therein, are generally intended to not include the user that is the furthest removed, in the foregoing usage process, from the final user therein of an embodiment of the present invention. 
     Where applicable, especially with respect to retail distribution channels of embodiments of the invention, intermediate user(s) may include, without limitation, any individual person or non-human thing benefiting in any way, directly or indirectly, from use of, or interaction with, some aspect of the present invention with respect to selling, vending, Original Equipment Manufacturing, marketing, merchandising, distributing, service providing, and the like thereof. 
     References to “person”, “individual”, “human”, “a party”, “animal”, “creature”, or any similar term, as used herein, even if the context or particular embodiment implies living user, maker, or participant, it should be understood that such characterizations are sole by way of example, and not limitation, in that it is contemplated that any such usage, making, or participation by a living entity in connection with making, using, and/or participating, in any way, with embodiments of the present invention may be substituted by such similar performed by a suitably configured non-living entity, to include, without limitation, automated machines, robots, humanoids, computational systems, information processing systems, artificially intelligent systems, and the like. It is further contemplated that those skilled in the art will readily recognize the practical situations where such living makers, users, and/or participants with embodiments of the present invention may be in whole, or in part, replaced with such non-living makers, users, and/or participants with embodiments of the present invention. Likewise, when those skilled in the art identify such practical situations where such living makers, users, and/or participants with embodiments of the present invention may be in whole, or in part, replaced with such non-living makers, it will be readily apparent in light of the teachings of the present invention how to adapt the described embodiments to be suitable for such non-living makers, users, and/or participants with embodiments of the present invention. Thus, the invention is thus to also cover all such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of such adaptations and modifications, at least in part, for such non-living entities. 
     Headings provided herein are for convenience and are not to be taken as limiting the disclosure in any way. 
     The enumerated listing of items does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise. 
     It is understood that the use of specific component, device and/or parameter names are for example only and not meant to imply any limitations on the invention. The invention may thus be implemented with different nomenclature/terminology utilized to describe the mechanisms/units/structures/components/devices/parameters herein, without limitation. Each term utilized herein is to be given its broadest interpretation given the context in which that term is utilized. 
     Terminology. The following paragraphs provide definitions and/or context for terms found in this disclosure (including the appended claims): 
     “Comprising” And “contain” and variations of them—Such terms are open-ended and mean “including but not limited to”. When employed in the appended claims, this term does not foreclose additional structure or steps. Consider a claim that recites: “A memory controller comprising a system cache . . . .” Such a claim does not foreclose the memory controller from including additional components (e.g., a memory channel unit, a switch). 
     “Configured To.” Various units, circuits, or other components may be described or claimed as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” or “operable for” is used to connote structure by indicating that the mechanisms/units/circuits/components include structure (e.g., circuitry and/or mechanisms) that performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the mechanisms/unit/circuit/component can be said to be configured to (or be operable) for perform(ing) the task even when the specified mechanisms/unit/circuit/component is not currently operational (e.g., is not on). The mechanisms/units/circuits/components used with the “configured to” or “operable for” language include hardware—for example, mechanisms, structures, electronics, circuits, memory storing program instructions executable to implement the operation, etc. Reciting that a mechanism/unit/circuit/component is “configured to” or “operable for” perform(ing) one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. .sctn.112, sixth paragraph, for that mechanism/unit/circuit/component. “Configured to” may also include adapting a manufacturing process to fabricate devices or components that are adapted to implement or perform one or more tasks. 
     “Based On.” As used herein, this term is used to describe one or more factors that affect a determination. This term does not foreclose additional factors that may affect a determination. That is, a determination may be solely based on those factors or based, at least in part, on those factors. Consider the phrase “determine A based on B.” While B may be a factor that affects the determination of A, such a phrase does not foreclose the determination of A from also being based on C. In other instances, A may be determined based solely on B. 
     The terms “a”, “an” and “the” mean “one or more”, unless expressly specified otherwise. 
     All terms of exemplary language (e.g., including, without limitation, “such as”, “like”, “for example”, “for instance”, “similar to”, etc.) are not exclusive of any other, potentially, unrelated, types of examples; thus, implicitly mean “by way of example, and not limitation . . . ”, unless expressly specified otherwise. 
     Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing conditions, concentrations, dimensions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending at least upon a specific analytical technique. 
     The term “comprising,” which is synonymous with “including,” “containing,” or “characterized by” is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. “Comprising” is a term of art used in claim language which means that the named claim elements are essential, but other claim elements may be added and still form a construct within the scope of the claim. 
     As used herein, the phase “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim. When the phrase “consists of” (or variations thereof) appears in a clause of the body of a claim, rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the element set forth in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole. As used herein, the phase “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of” limits the scope of a claim to the specified elements or method steps, plus those that do not materially affect the basis and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed subject matter (see Norian Corp. v Stryker Corp., 363 F.3d 1321, 1331-32, 70 USPQ2d 1508, Fed. Cir. 2004). Moreover, for any claim of the present invention which claims an embodiment “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of” a certain set of elements of any herein described embodiment it shall be understood as obvious by those skilled in the art that the present invention also covers all possible varying scope variants of any described embodiment(s) that are each exclusively (i.e., “consisting essentially of”) functional subsets or functional combination thereof such that each of these plurality of exclusive varying scope variants each consists essentially of any functional subset(s) and/or functional combination(s) of any set of elements of any described embodiment(s) to the exclusion of any others not set forth therein. That is, it is contemplated that it will be obvious to those skilled how to create a multiplicity of alternate embodiments of the present invention that simply consisting essentially of a certain functional combination of elements of any described embodiment(s) to the exclusion of any others not set forth therein, and the invention thus covers all such exclusive embodiments as if they were each described herein. 
     With respect to the terms “comprising,” “consisting of,” and “consisting essentially of,” where one of these three terms is used herein, the disclosed and claimed subject matter may include the use of either of the other two terms. Thus in some embodiments not otherwise explicitly recited, any instance of “comprising” may be replaced by “consisting of” or, alternatively, by “consisting essentially of”, and thus, for the purposes of claim support and construction for “consisting of” format claims, such replacements operate to create yet other alternative embodiments “consisting essentially of” only the elements recited in the original “comprising” embodiment to the exclusion of all other elements. 
     Moreover, any claim limitation phrased in functional limitation terms covered by 35 USC § 112(6) (post AIA 112(f)) which has a preamble invoking the closed terms “consisting of,” or “consisting essentially of,” should be understood to mean that the corresponding structure(s) disclosed herein define the exact metes and bounds of what the so claimed invention embodiment(s) consists of, or consisting essentially of, to the exclusion of any other elements which do not materially affect the intended purpose of the so claimed embodiment(s). 
     Devices or system modules that are in at least general communication with each other need not be in continuous communication with each other, unless expressly specified otherwise. In addition, devices or system modules that are in at least general communication with each other may communicate directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries. Moreover, it is understood that any system components described or named in any embodiment or claimed herein may be grouped or sub-grouped (and accordingly implicitly renamed) in any combination or sub-combination as those skilled in the art can imagine as suitable for the particular application, and still be within the scope and spirit of the claimed embodiments of the present invention. For an example of what this means, if the invention was a controller of a motor and a valve and the embodiments and claims articulated those components as being separately grouped and connected, applying the foregoing would mean that such an invention and claims would also implicitly cover the valve being grouped inside the motor and the controller being a remote controller with no direct physical connection to the motor or internalized valve, as such the claimed invention is contemplated to cover all ways of grouping and/or adding of intermediate components or systems that still substantially achieve the intended result of the invention. 
     A description of an embodiment with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. On the contrary a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of the present invention. 
     As is well known to those skilled in the art many careful considerations and compromises typically must be made when designing for the optimal manufacture of a commercial implementation any system, and in particular, the embodiments of the present invention. A commercial implementation in accordance with the spirit and teachings of the present invention may configured according to the needs of the particular application, whereby any aspect(s), feature(s), function(s), result(s), component(s), approach(es), or step(s) of the teachings related to any described embodiment of the present invention may be suitably omitted, included, adapted, mixed and matched, or improved and/or optimized by those skilled in the art, using their average skills and known techniques, to achieve the desired implementation that addresses the needs of the particular application. 
     In the following description and claims, the terms “coupled” and “connected,” along with their derivatives, may be used. It should be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. Rather, in particular embodiments, “connected” may be used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. “Coupled” may mean that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact. However, “coupled” may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still cooperate or interact with each other. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary Self Defense Flashlight device  100 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment shown, the Self Defense Flashlight device  100  may include, but not limited to, a Lens Holder  105 , a Thumb Barrier  110 , a Safety Button  115 , a Discharge Trigger  120 , a Canister Access Screw  125 , a Light Switch Boot  130 , a Light Switch Housing  135 , a Knurled Handle  140 , and a Central Housing  145 . In one embodiment, the Safety Button  115  may be into engagement with the Discharge Trigger  120 . The spring loaded Safety Button  115  provides a secondary barrier against accidental discharge of the pepper spray. The Safety Button  115  may be depressed by a user to advance the Discharge Trigger  120  forward. This safety feature allows users to confidently carry the Self Defense Flashlight device  100  in a purse, backpack, pant pocket or glove compartment without risking accidental discharge. The Safety Button  115  is configured to position on top of the Discharge Trigger  120  and slightly aft of the Thumb Barrier. The semi-embedded location aft of the Thumb Barrier  110  may serve two purposes, namely to guard against accidental pressure on the Safety Button  115  and to provide non-complicated, user friendly access to the Safety Button  115 . No manipulation is needed to access the Safety Button  115  such as opening a hatch or actuating a switch. To discharge this Self Defense Flashlight device, a user may simply push down on the Safety Button  115  while applying forward pressure to the Discharge Trigger  120 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the exemplary Self Defense Flashlight device  100 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment shown, the Self Defense Flashlight device  100  may comprise, but not limited to, a combination flashlight and spray implement. The flashlight and spray implement may include, a but not limited to, a Battery Pack  202 , a Knurled Handle  140 , a Battery Pack Spacer  206 , a Light Switch Contact  2   208 , a Light Switch Boot  130 , a Light Switch Actuator  212 , a Light Switch Contact  1   214 , a Light Switch Housing  135 , a Neg Battery Pack Contact  218 , a Neg C-Spring Contact  220 , a Pos Battery Pack Contact  222 , a Pos Washer Contact  224 , a Pos C-Spring Contact  226 , a Central Housing  145 , a Canister Discharge Tube  230 , a LED PCB  232 , an O-ring  234 , a Lens Holder  105 , a Lens Nozzle  238 , a Lens  240 , a LED Cluster  242 , a Mirror  244 , a Light Cluster Housing  246 , a Discharge Arm Channel  248 , a Safety Gate  250 , a Safety Spring  252 , a Thumb Barrier  110 , a Safety Button  115 , a Discharge Trigger  120 , a Trigger Screw  260 , a Trigger Boss  265 , a Discharge Arm  262 , a Canister Access Screw  125 , and a Spray Canister  266 . In some embodiments, the flashlight and spray implement  100  is a unitary unit. The flashlight and the spray implement may operate independently. Further, the spray implement may operate independently without the power (Battery Pack  202 ) supplying the flashlight implement. In addition, the flashlight implement may operate without affecting the functions of the spray implement. In other embodiments, the Canister Access Screw  125  is into engagement with the Discharge Arm  262  and is so configured to serve two purposes, first, to pull the Spray Canister  266  forward to discharge the contents of the Spray Canister  266  and second, to allow a removal and replacement of the Spray Canister  266 . The Spray Canister  266  is accessed for removal by unscrewing and separating the Knurled Handle  140  from the Central Housing  145  then unscrewing and withdrawing the Canister Access Screw  125  sufficiently to allow the Spray Canister  266  to be removed and replaced. 
     In one embodiment, a trigger mechanism of the spray implement is configured to discharge the contents of the Spray Canister  266 . In a typical operation, the trigger mechanism may include, but not limited to, the Discharge Trigger  120  that is pushed forward to discharge the contents of the Spray Canister  266 . The Discharge Trigger  120  may slide longitudinally along with the Spray Canister  266 . In turn, the Spray Canister  266  and the Canister Discharge Tube  230  are pushed into the stationary Lens Nozzle  238  to discharge the contents of the Spray Canister  266 . In further embodiments, the Lens Nozzle  238  may be incorporated and/or built into a center portion of the Lens  240  which may allow the contents of the Spray Canister  266  to shoot out of the center portion of the Lens  240  of the device  100 . 
     In other embodiments, the Spray Canister  266  may move back and forth. Having the Spray Canister  266  move back and forth may allow for a parallel “pull” system of discharge and may allow a “throw” needed to open a valve (not shown or labeled) which resides inside of the Spray Canister  266 . It may also enhance “ease of manufacturing.” The Discharge Trigger  120  may be connected to the Discharge Arm  262  which has a removable Canister Access Screw  264  near the aft end of the Discharge Arm  262 . The force applied by a user to the Discharge Trigger  120  is transferred to the Discharge Arm  262  by a Trigger Screw  260  which passes through the Trigger Boss  265 . The force applied to the Discharge Trigger  120  is configured to transfer to the Discharge Arm  262  which operably slides the Discharge Trigger  120  longitudinally along with the spray canister to discharge the contents of the spray canister. The Discharge Arm  262  is held in place against the bottom of the Trigger Boss  265  by the Trigger Screw  260  which threads into the Discharge Arm  262 . The Discharge Arm  262  slides back and forth in the Discharge Arm Channel  248  and runs longitudinally in the Central Housing  145 . The direction of the force applied to the Discharge Trigger  120  by a user to discharge the Spray Canister  266  is parallel to the force needed to open a canister valve of a Spray Canister  266 . Applying force to the back of the Spray Canister  266  to discharge its contents may save space, increase discharge efficiency and may allow the Spray Canister  266  to be moved far forward that may eliminate the need for a long spray nozzle. The Spray Canister  266  may include, but not limited to, pepper spray, mace spray, bug spray, aerosol spray, air spray, etc. The spray canister may include, but not limited to, an “off the shelf” 0.5 ounce pepper spray canister commonly used in key-chain size pepper spray devices currently on the market. The discharge force is applied to the back end portion of the Spray Canister  266 . 
     In some embodiments, the flashlight implement may include a Battery Pack  202  having, but not limited to, a standard rechargeable one piece battery with a diameter that fits inside the Knurled Handle  140  without a need to use the Battery Pack Spacer  206 . Positive and negative wires may be held in place against the Central Housing  145  approximately near an aft end of the device by compression from the Pos C-Spring Contact  226  and a Neg C-Spring Contact  220 . The C-spring contacts may also provide current flow to the LED PCB  232 . The positive and negative wires run forward to the LED PCB  232  through holes in the Central Housing  145 . Channels may be used in place of the holes to run the wires depending on the manufacturing method chosen. The Mirror  244  may include a flat mirror surrounding the LED Cluster  242 . 
     In other embodiments, the flashlight implement further includes a Pos Washer Contact  224  that may be pressed into an end portion of the Battery Pack Spacer  206 . The Pos Washer Contact  224  may allow current to flow from the Pos Battery Pack Contact  222  to the Pos C-Spring Contact  226 . The arrangement generally allows access to the Spray Canister  266  for removal and replacement and provides power to the LED PCB  232 . 
     In additional embodiments, the trigger mechanism may further include the Safety Button  115  coupled to the Discharge Trigger  120  which may provide for smooth, natural and intuitive operation. In further embodiments a Lens Nozzle  238  may be incorporated into the Lens  240 . Another embodiment may have the Canister Discharge Tube  230  pressing directly against the Lens  240  eliminating the need for a Lens Nozzle  238 . This embodiment may need a small hole passing through the Lens  240  to let the pepper spray pass through and a shallow indentation hole in the aft end of the Lens  240  to centrally locate the front end of the Canister Discharge Tube  230 . The Lens  240  may serve two purposes, namely, to act as a cover and also a barrier to push against. Using the Lens  240  to push the Canister Discharge Tube  230  against, may allow positioning the canister far forward to save space, wherein the Spray Canister  266  may be located near the front end of the device  100 . In other embodiments, the Mirror  244  surrounding the LED Cluster  242  may comprise of flat mirrors. 
     In other embodiments, the O-ring  234  may provide a tight seal between the Canister Discharge Tube  230  and the Lens Nozzle  238 . The flashlight and spray implement  100  are in line with each other. The flashlight and spray implement shares the same housing. The Spray Canister  266  can be discharged whether the flashlight implement is functioning or not. The Spray Canister  266  is ejected parallel to the Central Housing  145  without affecting the functionality of the flashlight implement. The flashlight can be turned on without the Spray Canister  266 . In alternative embodiments, the flashlight implement and the spray implement  100  are dependent. The flashlight implement and the spray implement may be directed at the same target. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a sectional view of an exemplary trigger mechanism  300  of the Self Defense Flashlight device  100 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment shown, the Self Defense Flashlight device  100  may further include, but not limited to, a Safety Gate Insert  250 , a Safety Gate Undercut  310 , a Button Shoulder Stop  315 , a Safety Button  115 , a Safety Button Shoulder  325 , and a Button Shoulder Clearance Hole  330 . In one embodiment, the Safety Button  115  may be incorporated into the Discharge Trigger  120 . In the present embodiment shown the Safety Button  115  is spring loaded with a the Safety Spring  252  to push up the Safety Button  115  to protrude above the knurled surface of the Discharge Trigger  120 . In this upward position the diameter of the Safety Button Shoulder  325  is engaged into a Button Shoulder Clearance Hole  330  and ceases upward movement when it comes in contact with the bottom of the Discharge Trigger  120 . In this upward position the Safety Button Shoulder  325  is trapped behind the Button Shoulder Stop  315  rendering the Discharge Trigger  120  immobile and in a “safe” condition. To discharge the device a user pushes down on the Safety Button  115  sufficiently to cause the Safety Button Shoulder  325  to slide under and clear the Safety Gate  315 . The Discharge Trigger  120  can then be pushed forward to discharge the device. In an alternative embodiment, the Discharge Trigger  120  does not incorporate the Safety Button. 
     In other embodiments, the Central Housing, Knurled Handle, Light Switch Housing, Discharge Trigger may be made of, but not limited to, plastic, aluminum or any other material of sufficient strength which may provide a robust, portable, consumer, industrial or professional grade pepper spray self-defense flashlight. The Canister Access Screw may be elevated slightly off the Discharge Arm by a small bushing. The bushing is configured to provide a “flush” appearance of the screw head with the perimeter of the Central Housing. In another embodiment the bottom of the Discharge Trigger  120  may have a concave or semi-circular shape instead of a flat shape as shown by way of example in  FIG. 3 . A concave or semi-circular Discharge Trigger  120  bottom may then diametrically mate with and slide longitudinally over a fully circular Central Housing  145 . A fully circular Central Housing  145  may save construction material and reduce the overall diameter of the Central Housing  145 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary spray nozzle implement  400  of the Self Defense Flashlight device  100 , in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention. In the alternative embodiment shown, the spray nozzle implement  400  may include, but not limited to, a Lens Clearance Hole  405  disposed on a proximate center portion of the lens, an Alt Spray Nozzle  410 , an Alt Independent Spray Nozzle Support  415  for providing a support platform for the Alt Spray Nozzle  410 , and an Alt LED Flat Lights  420 . The Alt Independent Spray Nozzle Support  415  includes a cross arm structure surrounding the Alt Spray Nozzle  410 . The Alt Spray Nozzle  410  engages the Lens Clearance Hole  405 . The Alt LED Flat Lights  420  may comprise of at least one or more LED flat lights encircling the Alt Spray Nozzle  410 . In some embodiments, the Alt Spray Nozzle  410  and Alt Independent Spray Nozzle Support  415  may be configured as a single or unitary piece. When the Discharge Trigger  120  is pushed forward to discharge the contents of the Spray Canister  266 , the Discharge Trigger  120  may slide longitudinally along with the Spray Canister  266 . In turn, the Spray Canister  266  and the Canister Discharge Tube  230  are pushed into the Alt Spray Nozzle  410  to discharge the contents of the Spray Canister  266 . In further embodiments, the Alt Spray Nozzle  410  may be incorporated and/or built into a center portion of the Lens  240  which may allow the contents of the Spray Canister  266  to shoot out of the center portion of the Lens  240  of the device  100 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a first sectional view of an exemplary Trigger Assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, the Trigger Assembly may substitute as an alternative trigger mechanism. In the present embodiment shown, the Trigger Assembly  500  may include, but not limited to, Trigger Return Spring, Tumbler Tongue, Safety Button, Tumbler, Safety Button Off Stripe, Tumbler Compression Spring, Tumbler Cam Contour, Trigger Cover, Cam Follower Pin, Trigger, Central Housing Opening, Trigger to Discharge Arm Attach Screw (2 PL), Discharge Arm, Central Housing. The Trigger Assembly and operation are unique for this type of pepper spray device. The Discharge Trigger may operate by pushing the safety button sideways to the safety-off position and then pushing the trigger forward against the knurled surface of the trigger to expel the pepper spray. The Safety Button may run sideways through the Trigger Body. The Safety Button may snap into position either on or off and may stay in either position until toggled to the opposite side by an operator. The Discharge Trigger Return Spring may maintain slight but constant pressure in the aft direction to the Discharge Arm which is fastened to the Trigger Body. The Trigger may return to the aft position even when no pepper spray cartridge is installed. The Tumbler may move up and down when the safety button is toggled back and forth. The Tumbler Tongue may slide into a Central Housing Opening when the Safety Button is in the “on” position, rendering the Trigger immovable. The Cam Follower Pin may make the Tumbler move up and down. The Cam Follower Pin may slide along the Tumbler Cam Contour and move the Tumbler up and down as the Safety Button is moved from side to side. The Safety Button Guard disposed on the side of the Trigger Housing may provide additional protection against accidental discharge as it provides a physical barrier for guarding the Safety Button. With the addition of the Safety Button Guard the pepper spray flashlight is safer to carry in a purse or glove compartment. Based on advertising literature, a concern of conventional pepper spray devices is their susceptibility to accidental discharge. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a second sectional view of the exemplary Trigger Assembly, opposite the first sectional view, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In the second sectional view shown, the Trigger Assembly may include the Trigger, the Safety Button, a Safety Button Guard, a Trigger Cover, and a Trigger Housing. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a sectional view of an exemplary Star Wheel Assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment shown, the Star Wheel may include a Discharge Arm, Canister Access Screw, Star Wheel, and a Canister Access Screw Backout Stop Screw. A Star Wheel may be cemented to the Canister Access Screw to make changing the Canister easier. The Star Wheel Assembly may allow an operator to retract the Canister Access Screw manually without the aid of a screw driver. The Star Wheel and the Canister Access Screw could be made as one piece. 
     It is to be understood that any exact measurements/dimensions or particular construction materials indicated herein are solely provided as examples of suitable configurations and are not intended to be limiting in any way. Depending on the needs of the particular application, those skilled in the art will readily recognize, in light of the following teachings, a multiplicity of suitable alternative implementation details. 
     All the features disclosed in this specification, including any accompanying abstract and drawings, may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features. 
     It is noted that according to USA law 35 USC § 112 (1), all claims must be supported by sufficient disclosure in the present patent specification, and any material known to those skilled in the art need not be explicitly disclosed. However, 35 USC § 112 (6) requires that structures corresponding to functional limitations interpreted under 35 USC § 112 (6) must be explicitly disclosed in the patent specification. Moreover, the USPTO&#39;s Examination policy of initially treating and searching prior art under the broadest interpretation of a “mean for” or “steps for” claim limitation implies that the broadest initial search on 35 USC § 112(6) (post AIA 112(f)) functional limitation would have to be conducted to support a legally valid Examination on that USPTO policy for broadest interpretation of “mean for” claims. Accordingly, the USPTO will have discovered a multiplicity of prior art documents including disclosure of specific structures and elements which are suitable to act as corresponding structures to satisfy all functional limitations in the below claims that are interpreted under 35 USC § 112(6) (post AIA 112(f)) when such corresponding structures are not explicitly disclosed in the foregoing patent specification. Therefore, for any invention element(s)/structure(s) corresponding to functional claim limitation(s), in the below claims interpreted under 35 USC § 112(6) (post AIA 112(f)), which is/are not explicitly disclosed in the foregoing patent specification, yet do exist in the patent and/or non-patent documents found during the course of USPTO searching, Applicant(s) incorporate all such functionally corresponding structures and related enabling material herein by reference for the purpose of providing explicit structures that implement the functional means claimed. Applicant(s) request(s) that fact finders during any claims construction proceedings and/or examination of patent allowability properly identify and incorporate only the portions of each of these documents discovered during the broadest interpretation search of 35 USC § 112(6) (post AIA 112(f)) limitation, which exist in at least one of the patent and/or non-patent documents found during the course of normal USPTO searching and or supplied to the USPTO during prosecution. Applicant(s) also incorporate by reference the bibliographic citation information to identify all such documents comprising functionally corresponding structures and related enabling material as listed in any PTO Form-892 or likewise any information disclosure statements (IDS) entered into the present patent application by the USPTO or Applicant(s) or any 3 rd  parties. Applicant(s) also reserve its right to later amend the present application to explicitly include citations to such documents and/or explicitly include the functionally corresponding structures which were incorporate by reference above. 
     Thus, for any invention element(s)/structure(s) corresponding to functional claim limitation(s), in the below claims, that are interpreted under 35 USC § 112(6) (post AIA 112(f)), which is/are not explicitly disclosed in the foregoing patent specification, Applicant(s) have explicitly prescribed which documents and material to include the otherwise missing disclosure, and have prescribed exactly which portions of such patent and/or non-patent documents should be incorporated by such reference for the purpose of satisfying the disclosure requirements of 35 USC § 112 (6). Applicant(s) note that all the identified documents above which are incorporated by reference to satisfy 35 USC § 112 (6) necessarily have a filing and/or publication date prior to that of the instant application, and thus are valid prior documents to incorporated by reference in the instant application. 
     Having fully described at least one embodiment of the present invention, other equivalent or alternative methods of implementing Self Defense Flashlight device, according to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Various aspects of the invention have been described above by way of illustration, and the specific embodiments disclosed are not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed. The particular implementation of the Self Defense Flashlight device  100  having a Discharge Trigger which may slide longitudinally along with the Spray Canister may vary depending upon the particular context or application. By way of example, and not limitation, the Self Defense Flashlight device  100  having a Discharge Arm into engagement with the Discharge Trigger and Canister Access Screw which may pull the Spray Canister forward to discharge the Spray Canister independently from the flashlight implement described in the foregoing were principally directed to, but not limited to, self-defense implementations; however, similar techniques may instead be applied to law enforcement officers, military personnel, etc, which may rely on non-lethal force to properly perform their duties, for example, but not limited to, acts such as dispersing protestors or riotous crowds, which implementations of the present invention are contemplated as within the scope of the present invention. The invention is thus to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the following claims. It is to be further understood that not all of the disclosed embodiments in the foregoing specification will necessarily satisfy or achieve each of the objects, advantages, or improvements described in the foregoing specification. 
     Claim elements and steps herein may have been numbered and/or lettered solely as an aid in readability and understanding. Any such numbering and lettering in itself is not intended to and should not be taken to indicate the ordering of elements and/or steps in the claims. 
     The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. 
     The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
     The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b) requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. That is, the Abstract is provided merely to introduce certain concepts and not to identify any key or essential features of the claimed subject matter. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to limit or interpret the scope or meaning of the claims. 
     The following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment.