Patent Publication Number: US-10769219-B1

Title: System and method for graphically building weighted search queries

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/269,653, filed Sep. 19, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,102,287, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/926,153, filed Jun. 25, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,483,788, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties, including but not limited to those portions that specifically appear hereinafter, the incorporation by reference being made with the following exception: in the event that any portions of the above-referenced application is inconsistent with this application, this application supercedes said above-referenced application. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. The Field of the Present Disclosure 
     The present disclosure relates generally to communication networks, and more particularly, but not necessarily entirely, to systems, programs, and methods for building search queries using graphical components. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     A “search engine” is a software tool running on a computer that allows users to search for selected electronic content. In the simplest terms, a search engine assists users in locating selected information. For example, popular search engines, such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, and others, allow users to search for desired websites on the Internet. Websites may also provide their own internal search engines that allow users to search content internal to the websites. For example, an e-commerce website may provide an internal search engine that allows users to search for desired products offered for sale on the e-commerce website. 
     A search engine typically provides a “front end” user interface on a user computer that allows the user to define a search query. For example, the user interface may be generated on a webpage rendered by a web browser running on the user computer. By far the most popular user interface is that of a text box, or field, that allows users to manually enter keywords. The search engine then utilizes algorithmic functions and criteria to find keyword matches in the information stored in the databases to determine a set of search results. The search engine then sorts through the results of the search and provides a prioritized, or ranked, listing of search results to the user. The various search engines differ in their methods used for determining priority or ranking. In the case of an e-commerce website, the listing of search results may be ranked or prioritized based on purchase information, that is, best selling products may be ranked highest in the search results. Alternatively, the listing of search results may be ranked based on a predicted interest of the user. The products in the search results may be ranked by other key metrics, including click count, purchase count, pricing margins, etc. 
     Although the use of the text box, or field, in conjunction with a traditional search interface is time tested, improvements are still being sought. For example, traditional text-based searching does not easily allow a user to search amorphous concepts. Further, traditional text-based searching does not easily allow a user to combine separate, amorphous concepts into a single search result. In addition, traditional text-based searching does not allow users to place increased emphasis or weight on individual elements used to form the search terms. 
     Further, while graphical search tools exists, such as Google&#39;s Image Search, these search tools return images similar to a searched image rather than using an abstract concept represented by the image. 
     The prior art is thus characterized by several disadvantages that are addressed by the present disclosure. The present disclosure minimizes, and in some aspects eliminates, the above-mentioned failures, and other problems, by utilizing the methods and structural features described herein. 
     The features and advantages of the present disclosure will be set forth in the description that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the present disclosure without undue experimentation. The features and advantages of the present disclosure may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from a consideration of the subsequent detailed description presented in connection with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of a system according to an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2A  is a schematic representation of an exemplary search creation interface generated on a display of a user device according to an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2B  is a schematic representation that depicts weighting selected graphical icons by adjusting their relative display sizes; 
         FIG. 3  depicts a flow diagram of a process according to an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIGS. 4-7  depict Example 1 according to an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles in accordance with the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe them. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications of the inventive features illustrated herein, and any additional applications of the principles of the disclosure as illustrated herein, which would normally occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the disclosure claimed. 
     It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In describing and claiming the present disclosure, the following terminology will be used in accordance with the definitions set out below. As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” “having,” “characterized by,” and grammatical equivalents thereof are inclusive or open-ended terms that do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , there is depicted a system  20  for providing a user with a search creation interface that allows a user to define a search request using graphical icons. According to examples of embodiments of the present invention, the system  20  can be positioned to provide a search creation interface. The search creation interface may provide a set of user selectable graphical icons and an icon weighting tool. The system  20  may allow a user to define a search request by selecting one or more of the graphical icons and weighting each of the icons. The system  20  displays a ranked list of search items based on the selected ones of the graphical icons and the weighting preferences indicated by the user. 
     The system  20  may further include a search server  21  that includes a processor  22  and memory  23 . One or more second computers, e.g., user computers  27 , are positioned remotely from and in communication with the search server  21  through an electronic communication network  30 , such as the Internet or other internetwork. It will be appreciated that other intervening servers, may be interposed between the search server  21  and the user computers  27 . 
     The system  20  can also include a search engine program  24  stored on a tangible computer medium, such as, for example, one or more various types of memory, such as, for example, memory  23  of the server  21 . The program  24  may contain instructions, that when executed by the processor  22 , cause the server  21  to generate a search creation interface on displays of the user computers  27 . 
     The system  20  can also include a plurality of database servers (not shown) that warehouse data regarding e-commerce conducted through the system  20 . For example, the database servers may manage one or more databases stored on electronic storage media. The databases may contain various data useful to the system  20 , including graphical icons, metadata, and items. It will be appreciated that the items can include any items that can be returned in a ranked search result, including, but not limited to, product listings and products. 
     As understood by those skilled in the art, the memory  23  of the server  21  can include volatile and nonvolatile memory known to those skilled in the art including, for example, RAM, ROM, and magnetic or optical disks, just to name a few. It should also be understood by those skilled in the art that, although illustrated as a single server, the illustrated configuration of the server  21  is given by way of example and that other types of servers or computers configured according to various other methodologies known to those skilled in the art can be used. The server  21  shown schematically in  FIG. 1  represents a server or server cluster or server farm and is not limited to any individual physical server. The server  21  may be part of a server cluster that provides an e-commerce website accessible from user computers  27 . The server site may be deployed as a server farm or server cluster managed by a server-hosting provider. The number of servers and their architecture and configuration may be increased based on usage, demand and capacity requirements for the system  20 . 
     Similarly, the database servers (not shown) each represent a server or server cluster or server farm and are not limited to any individual physical server or configuration. As also understood by those skilled in the art, user computers  27  in these embodiments can be a devices, laptop, desktop, personal digital assistants or PDAs, cell phones, servers, computers, smart phones, internet enabled devices, or other types of computers and electronic devices. 
     As known and understood by those skilled in the art, the network  30  can include an internet or world wide web of a plurality of computers/servers in communication with one or more other computers through a communication network, and/or portions of a local or other area network. 
     As further understood by those skilled in the art, the program  24  can be in the form of microcode, programs, routines, and symbolic languages that provide a specific set for sets of ordered operations that control the functioning of the hardware, e.g., processor, and direct its operation, as known and understood by those skilled in the art. The program  24 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, also need not reside in its entirety in volatile memory, but can be selectively loaded, as necessary, according to various methodologies as known and understood by those skilled in the art. As further understood by those skilled in the art, the term “computer-readable medium” encompasses distribution media, intermediate storage media, execution memory of a computer, and any other medium or device capable of storing the program  24  implementing the functionality or processes of various embodiments of the present invention for later reading by a computer. 
     The program  24  can be copied from the computer-readable medium to a hard disk or a similar intermediate storage medium. When the program  24 , or portions thereof, are to be run, it can be loaded either from their distribution medium or their intermediate storage medium into the execution memory of the computer, configuring the computer to act in accordance with the functionality or method of various embodiments this invention. All such operations are well known to those skilled in the art of computer systems. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the program  24  can include a set of instructions that, when executed by the processor  22 , cause the server  21  or processor  22 , to perform the operations of: (i) generate a search creation interface on a display of a user electronic device, the search creation interface providing a set of graphical icons, an icon selection tool, and an icon weighting tool, (ii) process user input acquired through user interaction with the icon selection tool to define selected ones of the graphical icons from the set of graphical icons, (iii) process user input acquired through user interaction with the icon weighting tool to define a search weighting preference for each of the selected ones of the graphical icons, (iii) process the selected ones of the graphical icons to generate a ranked item list for each of the selected ones of the graphical icons, (iv) process the search weighting preferences and the ranked item lists for the selected ones of the graphical icons to generate a weighted ranked item list for each of the selected ones of the graphical icons, (v) process the weighted ranked item lists for the selected ones of the graphical icons to form a combined ranked item list, and (vi) display the combined ranked item list on the display of the user electronic device. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2A , there is depicted an exemplary search creation interface  100  according to an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure. In an illustrative embodiment, the search creation interface  100  may be generated by the server  21  on a display of the user devices  27 . For example, the user devices  27  may request the search creation interface  100  from the server  21 . The search creation interface  100  may be displayed in web browsers running on the user devices  27 . In an embodiment, the search creation interface  100  may be generated by an application, or “app,” running on the user devices  27 . That is, the search creation interface  100  is generated by the processors of the user devices  27  based on the application running on the user devices  27 . 
     In an illustrative embodiment, the search creation interface  100  may display a set of graphical icons  102  to the user on the user devices  27 . In an illustrative embodiment, the graphical icons  102  may be stored as digital images, or as digital image files. In an illustrative embodiment, the graphical icons  102  are stored as one of PNG, JPEG, and GIF file formats. The icons  102  may comprise user perceivable images which symbolically represent a conceptually related set of items. For example, each of the set of graphical icons  102  may convey a different concept or idea to the user. The graphical icons  102  may comprise or represent any item, object, or concept to a user that may be displayed visually, including themes, scenes, activities, sports, landscapes, characters, avatars, art, images, real estate, products, abstract ideas, movies, furniture, etc. 
     In an illustrative embodiment, each of the graphical icons  102  may have associated therewith unique metadata stored in a database accessible to the server  21  of the system  20 . The metadata may be utilized in searches defined by the selected ones of the graphical icons  102 . In an embodiment, the metadata may include seed items associated with the icons  102 . The seed items may be manually selected by an operator of the server  21 . In an illustrative embodiment, the seed items may be automatically selected by the server  21 . The seed items may be related to the archetypes, or concepts, conveyed by the icons  102 . In an illustrative embodiment, the seed items may be products, or product listing information, offered for sale on an e-commerce website. In an illustrative embodiment, the metadata may be keywords associated with the graphical icons  102 . In an illustrative embodiment, the metadata may be comprise one or more categories of a product taxonomy. It will be appreciated that the seed items may be utilized to generate other related items. 
     In an illustrative embodiment, the metadata may be used to generate a list of ranked items for each of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102 . It will be appreciated that the list may be generated by conducting a search of an item database accessible to the server  21 . The search may be conducted using any suitable search algorithm as is known to one having ordinary skill. The ranking of the items may be according to any suitable ranking algorithm, including user popularity, click counts, best sellers, profit margin, user rating, price, features, user base, inventory, or any other ranking method known to those having ordinary skill. The ranking algorithm may include release date, author, performer, actor, melting point, solubility, country of origin, bond strength, passenger size, or horsepower. Thus, each item returned in a list may have an associated numerical ranking relative to the other items in the list. 
     The search creation interface  100  may provide an icon selection tool  104  that allows users to select ones of the graphical icons  102 . The icon selection tool  104  may include a pointer to latch onto an icon  102  on the display and move it to another location. In an illustrative embodiment, the icon selection tool  104  may allow a user to click and drag preferred ones of the graphical icons  102  into a search creation workspace  106  provided by the search creation interface  100 . In this regard, the search creation workspace  106  may provide a plurality of tiles  108 . Using the icon selection tool  104 , a user may click onto a selected one of the icons  102  and drag it and drop it onto one of the tiles  108  as shown by the arrow marked with reference numeral  109 . The selected one of the icons  102  will then be displayed in the appropriate one of the tiles  108 . In an illustrative embodiment, the icon selection tool  104  may include a pointing device that allows a user to click check boxes associated with the graphical icons  102 . In an illustrative embodiment, the icon selection tool  104  may include a double-click selection feature. That is, a user may select one of the graphical icons  102  by double clicking on the selected one. Thus, it will be appreciated that the icon selection tool  104  may include any interface feature that allows users to select preferred ones from the set of graphical icons  102 . 
     The search creation interface  100  may further provide an icon weighting tool  110  that allows users to weight the selected ones of the graphical icons  102 . In an illustrative embodiment, the icon weighting tool  100  allows a user to adjust the relative display sizes of the selected ones of the graphical icons in the search creation workspace  106 . For example, the icon weighting tool  110  may allow a user to click and drag a slider associated with one of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102  to adjust its relative size, proportionally, to the other selected ones of the graphical icons  102 . In an illustrative embodiment, the proportionality of the sizes of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102  may determine the weight accorded to each of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102  during a database search. For example, a select one of the graphical icons  102  having a display size twice as large as another one of the selected graphical icons  102  may be weighted twice as much in a search. Thus, it will be appreciated that the icon weighting tool  110  may allow a user to adjust the relative size ratios of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102 . In an illustrative embodiment, when a user adjusts one of the display sizes of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102 , the display sizes of the other ones of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102  may automatically be adjusted proportionally. 
     In an illustrative embodiment, the icon weighting tool  110  may include one or more graphical slider bars that allow a user to weight each of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102 . In an illustrative embodiment, the icon weighting tool  110  allows a user to fill in, using a key board, the proportional weights accorded to each of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102 . Thus, it will be appreciated that the icon weighting tool  110  includes any feature that allows a user to assign search weights to the selected ones of the graphical icons  102 . The search creation interface  100  may further provide a virtual button  112  that initiates a search defined by the user through the search creation interface  100 . In particular, once the user has defined a desired search using the icon selection tool  104  and the icon weighting tool  110  provided by the interface  100 , a user may initiate a search by selecting the button  112 . It will be appreciated that the virtual button  112  is simply one means of triggering the search, and that other triggers exist to trigger the search that fall within the scope of the present disclosure. The server  21  performs the search, and returns weighted search result items  114  to the user device  27  in a manner as is described below. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2B , where like reference numerals depict like components, the relative display sizes of selected ones of the graphical icons  102  may be adjusted relative to each other. In particular, the relative display sizes may be varied by a user using the icon weighting tool  110 . In an illustrative embodiment, the icon weighting tool  110  may allow a user to click and drag the borders of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102  to adjust their display sizes. The relative display sizes may determine the weight given to each of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102  in a search request. For example, a selected one of the graphical icons  102  having a display size twice that of another one of the selected ones of the graphical icons  102  will be given twice the weight in the search results. 
     In an embodiment, the icon weighting tool  110  may allow a user to list the selected ones of the graphical icons  102  in a desired order to determine weight. For example, the selected ones of the graphical icons  102  may be arranged by the user in a ranked list, having a first position, a second position, etc. The icon in the first position in the list may be weighted more than the lower ranked items in the list. The list may be vertically or horizontally arranged on the search creation interface  100 . For example, the user may drag and drop the selected ones of the graphical icons  102  in the desired order on the interface  100  to define user weighting preferences. Selected ones of the graphical icons  102  may be represented more than once in the list. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , there is depicted a flow diagram of a process  200  implemented by the system  20  for allowing a user to define and conduct a search according to an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure. At step  202 , the process  200  generates a search creation interface on a display of a user electronic device. The search creation interface may be a webpage displayed by a web browser program running on the user electronic device. In particular, the user electronic device may request the webpage from a website hosted by a server. In an illustrative embodiment, the website may be an e-commerce website. In an illustrative embodiment, the search creation interface may be generated by an application, or “app,” running on the user electronic device. The user electronic device may be one of a laptop, desktop, personal digital assistants or PDAs, cell phones, servers, computers, smart phones, internet enabled devices, or other types of computers and electronic devices. The search creation interface may be a graphical user interface as known to those having skill in the art. 
     The search creation interface provides a set of graphical icons, an icon selection tool, and an icon weighting tool. The set of graphical icons may be images displayed on the display of the user device. The graphical icons may be images designed to evoke concepts and archetypes in the mind of a user. For example, the icons may each represent a different theme. The icon selection tool provides a tool for a user to select preferred ones of the set of graphical icons. The icon weighting tool provides a tool for a user to individually weight the selected ones of the graphical icons in a search request. For example, a user may weight the selected ones of the graphical icons by adjusting their relative display sizes. In this case, graphical icons with a larger display size are given more weight in a search than smaller display sizes. 
     At step  204 , the process  200  processes user input acquired through user interaction with the icon selection tool to define selected ones of the graphical icons from the set of graphical icons. For example, a user may drag and drop selected ones of the graphical icons into a virtual workspace on the search creation interface. At step  206 , the process  200  processes user input acquired through user interaction with the icon weighting tool to define a search weighting preference for each of the selected ones of the graphical icons. For example, a user may adust a relative display size of each the selected ones of the graphical icons to define a search weighting of each of the selected ones of the graphical icons. 
     At step  208 , the process  200  processes the selected ones of the graphical icons to generate a ranked item list for each of the selected ones of the graphical icons. In performing step  208 , the process  200  may use metadata previously associated with each of the graphical icons. The metadata may be stored in a database residing on an electronic storage medium. The metadata may include seed products associated with the graphical icons. For example, if a graphical icon conveyed the concept of camping, the seed products may include a tent, a camping stove, and a sleeping bag. The seed products may be manually chosen or automatically selected by the process  200 . The seed products are actual products offered for sale on an e-commerce website. Often times, the seed products are the lowest nodes in a product taxonomy. The metadata may also include keywords or search terms. For example, if a graphical icon conveyed the concept of camping, the keywords or search terms may include “tent,” “camping stove,” and “sleeping bag.” The metadata may also include categories of a product taxonomy. For example, if a graphical icon conveyed the concept of camping, the categories of the taxonomy may be “tents,” “camping stoves,” and “sleeping bags.” By way of another example, if a graphical icon or symbol conveyed the concept of “Action Movies,” the keywords or search terms used as seeds could include “car chase,” “George Lucas,” “John Wayne,” “academy award” and “explosion.” Such terms can be provided by an operator of the system or be automatically discovered by systems external to those described in this claim. 
     Using the metadata, the process  200  returns a ranked list of items for each of the selected ones of the graphical icons. If the metadata are seed products, the ranked list of products may include products that are relevant to the seed products. (The ranked list of products may include the seed products.) The relevancy of other products to the seed products may be determined in wide variety of manners, including by “People who bought X also bought Y” or “People who looked for A also looked for B.” The ranking of the list may be statistically determined based on key metrics, including click count, purchase count, pricing margins, etc. It will be appreciated that a ranked list for a single graphical icon may be derived using multiple seeds. It will further be appreciated that the each of the seed products may be weighted and the relevant products for each of the seed products may be combined into a single final ranked list for each graphical icon. If the metadata comprise keywords, the process  200  may conduct a search of a database using the keywords to return a ranked list of items for each of the selected ones of the graphical icons. If the metadata comprise categories of a product taxonomy, the process  200  may conduct a search of a database using the categories to return a ranked list of items for each of the selected ones of the graphical icons. 
     At step  210 , the process  200  processes the search weighting preferences and the ranked item lists for the selected ones of the graphical icons to generate a weighted ranked item list for each of the selected ones of the graphical icons. In particular, the process  200  applies the search weighting preferences defined by the user through the search creation interface to their respective ranked item lists. This weighting step may re-rank the list. At step  212 , the process  200  processes the weighted ranked item lists for the selected ones of the graphical icons to generate a combined ranked item list. Items appearing in multiple ranked item lists may receive an additional boost in their rankings. 
     At step  214 , the process  200  displays the combined ranked item list on the display of the user electronic device. The user may select any of the ones of the items in the combined ranked item list. For example, after selecting one of the items, the user may be taken to a virtual check-out page where the user may purchase the selected one of the items from the combined ranked item list. 
     Example 1 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 4-7 , there is depicted an example of a process for allowing a user to define a weighted search request using graphical icons. It will be appreciated that the process may be performed by the system  20  shown in  FIG. 1 . For example, the processor  22  of the server  21  may perform the steps of the process shown in  FIGS. 4-7 . 
     As shown in the diagram  300  of  FIG. 4 , at step  302 , the process utilizes seed products for generating a ranked list of products for a graphical icon. It will be appreciated that the seed products may be selected automatically or manually. Typically, the seed products should have some relationship to the concept or theme of a graphical icon. At step  304 , the process uses the seed products to generate additional products. For example, the additional products may be determined based on relevancy to the seed products as described above. At step  306 , the process provides groups of the additional products with rankings. The rankings may be based on a wide range of factors, including click counts, sales, user popularity, etc. 
     At step  308 , the process combines the groups of additional products according to pre-defined weighting criteria to form a ranked product list as shown at step  310 . (The weight criteria are different than the weights defined by the user using the icon weighting tool.) The pre-defined weighting criteria may allow an operator, not the user, to assign different weights to the seed products. The ranked product list may be sorted and ordered according to weighted product rankings as shown at step  310 . The ranked product list shown at step  310  may be pre-defined or may be dynamically generated. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5 , there is depicted a group of exemplary graphical icons  400  that may be utilized by the process. The icons  400  may be displayed on a search creation interface generated on a display of a user device. As can be observed, the graphical icons  400  may convey a wide range of concepts and themes to a user. Using an icon selection tool provided by the search creation interface, the process allows a user to select preferred ones of the graphical icons  400  to define a search request. For example, the icon selection tool may allow a user to drag and drop selected ones of the graphical icons  400  into a search creation workspace provided on the display of the user device. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6 , there are depicted three exemplary selected ones  400 A,  400 B, and  400 C of the graphical icons  400  shown in  FIG. 5  as they might be displayed by the process on the display of the user device. Using an icon weighting tool provided by the search creation interface, the process allows a user to adjust the relative display sizes of the selected ones  400 A,  400 B, and  400 C of the graphical icons  400  to have the display ratios of 45%, 35%, and 20%, respectively. For example, the user may click and drag a target on the border of the selected ones  400 A,  400 B, and  400 C of the graphical icons  400  to adjust their relative display sizes. The relative display sizes of the selected ones  400 A,  400 B, and  400 C of the graphical icons  400  assign their weights in a search request. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7 , there is depicted a diagram of the process for generating search results. In particular, once a user has selected and weighted the preferred ones of the graphical icons  400 , namely, icons  400 A,  400 B, and  400 C, the user initiates a search. For each of the icons  400 A,  400 B, and  400 C, the process returns a ranked product list determined by the process shown in  FIG. 4 . The ranked product lists may be pre-generated or may be generated at the time of the user defined search. 
     The ranked product lists of each of the icons  400 A,  400 B, and  400 C may then be weighted by the process according the weighting preferences established by the user as shown in  FIG. 6 . The weighted ranked product lists of each of the icons  400 A,  400 B, and  400 C may then be combined and re-ordered to define a combined ranked item list. The process may then display the combined ranked item list as the search results on a display of the user device. A user may then select for purchase one of the items in the search results. This is the end of Example 1. 
     In the drawings and specification, there has been disclosed a typical embodiment of the invention, and although specific terms are employed, the terms are used in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. The invention has been described in considerable detail with specific reference to these illustrated embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that various modifications and changes can be made within the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the foregoing specification. 
     In the foregoing Detailed Description, various features of the present disclosure are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed disclosure requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description of the Disclosure by this reference, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     It is to be understood that the above-described arrangements are only illustrative of the application of the principles of the present disclosure. Numerous modifications and alternative arrangements may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims are intended to cover such modifications and arrangements. Thus, while the present disclosure has been shown in the drawings and described above with particularity and detail, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous modifications, including, but not limited to, variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly, and use may be made without departing from the principles and concepts set forth herein.