Patent Publication Number: US-2020294003-A1

Title: Systems and methods for detecting potentially compromised payment cards

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/518,804, filed Oct. 20, 2014, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING POTENTIALLY COMPROMISED PAYMENT CARDS”, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The field of the disclosure relates generally to increasing security surrounding online payment card transactions, and more specifically to method and systems for determining when and where payment card numbers stored by merchants have been compromised. 
     Many online merchants store payment card information, including payment card numbers, for their returning customers, to process returns, and/or for purchase trend research. This payment card information may include other cardholder identifying information. In many cases, this information is stored for processing recurring transactions or to improve the speed of the checkout process for future online transactions. The stored payment card information allows a customer to avoid having to re-enter his or her payment card information every time the customer makes an online purchase from the merchant. However, this payment card information has the potential to be stolen. Over the past several years, many cases of security breaches, also known as account data compromises, have been reported. While some breaches have been for a few payment cards, other breaches have been for tens of thousands of payment cards. The stolen payment card information may then be used to perform fraudulent transactions. 
     Existing fraud system can learn about the compromise of individual payment cards through the analysis of good and bad transactions. When a large number of fraudulent transactions are discovered, some existing fraud systems perform statistical analysis on the fraudulent transaction to try to determine which merchant was potentially breached. However, there could be more than one breached merchant, which increases the difficulty of the analysis. Further, this analysis takes time to determine the potentially breached merchants. While this analysis is occurring more fraudulent transactions may be performed using other payment cards that were compromised at the same time, but have not yet been identified as compromised. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     In one embodiment, a computer-implemented method for detecting potentially compromised payment cards is provided. The method uses a processor in communication with a memory. The method includes storing in the memory a plurality of tokens. Each token includes merchant identification data corresponding to a first merchant. The method also includes transmitting by the processor the plurality of tokens to the first merchant, and receiving from a merchant, an authorization request message. The authorization request message includes a token and a merchant identifier corresponding to the merchant. The method further includes determining by the processor that the received token is one of the plurality of tokens associated with the first merchant, determining by the processor that the merchant identifier does not correspond to the first merchant, transmitting by the processor a message including instructions to decline the transaction based on the determination that the merchant identifier does not correspond to the first merchant, and attaching by the processor a potentially compromised flag to the first merchant based on the determination that the merchant identifier does not correspond to the first merchant. The potentially compromised flag indicates a heightened probability of fraudulent activity. 
     In another embodiment, a token monitoring computing device for detecting potentially compromised payment cards is provided. The token monitoring computing device includes one or more processors communicatively coupled to one or more memory devices. The token monitoring computing device is configured to store a plurality of tokens. Each token includes merchant identification data corresponding to a first merchant. The token monitoring computing device is also configured to transmit the plurality of tokens to the first merchant, and receive an authorization request message from a merchant. The authorization request message includes a token and a merchant identifier corresponding to the merchant. The token monitoring computing device is further configured to determine that the received token is one of the plurality of tokens associated with the first merchant, determine that the merchant identifier does not correspond to the first merchant, transmit a message including instructions to decline the transaction based on the determination that the merchant identifier does not correspond to the first merchant, and attach a potentially compromised flag to the first merchant based on the determination that the merchant identifier does not correspond to the first merchant. The potentially compromised flag indicates a heightened probability of fraudulent activity. 
     In yet another embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon is provided. When executed by a token monitoring computing device having at least one processor coupled to at least one memory device, the computer-executable instructions cause the at least one processor to store a plurality of tokens. Each token includes merchant identification data corresponding to a first merchant. The computer-executable instructions also cause the at least one processor to transmit the plurality of tokens to the first merchant, and receive an authorization request message from a merchant. The authorization request message includes a token and a merchant identifier corresponding to the merchant. The computer-executable instructions further cause the at least one processor to determine that the received token is one of the plurality of tokens associated with the first merchant, determine that the merchant identifier does not correspond to the first merchant, transmit a message including instructions to decline the transaction based on the determination that the merchant identifier does not correspond to the first merchant, and attach a potentially compromised flag to the first merchant based on the determination that the merchant identifier does not correspond to the first merchant. The potentially compromised flag indicates a heightened probability of fraudulent activity 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1-7  show example embodiments of the methods and systems described herein. 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram illustrating an example multi-party transaction card industry system for enabling payment-by-card transactions in which merchants and card issuers do not need to have a one-to-one special relationship. 
         FIG. 2  is a simplified block diagram of an example system used for monitoring tokens in accordance with one example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an example configuration of a client system shown in  FIG. 2 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example configuration of the server system shown in  FIG. 2 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process  500  of replacing a payment card account number with a token to be stored by a merchant using the system shown in  FIG. 2 , in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart showing the process how the system shown in  FIG. 2  is integrated into the payment card system payment network shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram of components of one or more example computing devices that may be used in the system shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the disclosure by way of example and not by way of limitation. The description clearly enables one skilled in the art to make and use the disclosure, describes several embodiments, adaptations, variations, alternatives, and uses of the disclosure, including what is presently believed to be the best mode of carrying out the disclosure. The disclosure is described as applied to an example embodiment, namely, methods and systems for determining when and where payment card numbers stored by merchants have been compromised. Tokens, which represent cardholder account numbers and are associated with a first merchant, are stored by the first merchant for recurring transactions or future e-commerce transactions. If the first merchant is breached, for example by a hacker, and the hacker attempts to use one of the tokens as a payment card number for a transaction with a second merchant, then the breach can be quickly traced back to the original merchant. 
     When an online merchant receives a cardholder&#39;s payment card account number to store for future use, such as in a cardholder account on the merchant&#39;s website, the merchant transmits the account number to a token monitoring (“TM”) computing device. The TM computing device generates a token that contains merchant identification data that identifies that token as being specific to that merchant. The token is formatted in the same way as the account number to appear as a payment card account number. In the example embodiment, there is a batch of tokens that are set aside to be associated with that specific merchant, and the TM computing device chooses an unused one from the batch. In other embodiments, the TM computing device randomly generates a token using one or more rules, where one or more of the rules are specific to that merchant. The TM computing device associates the generated token with the received account number. The TM computing device stores the generated token and the received account number in a database. The TM computing device transmits the generated token to the merchant, which then stores the token in the customer&#39;s account. 
     When a cardholder conducts a transaction with the online merchant which the cardholder has an account with, the TM computing device receives an authorization request message for the transaction. The authorization request message includes a merchant identifier and a card identifier, also known as a payment account identifier or cardholder identifier, which is formatted as an account number. The TM computing device determines whether the card identifier is a merchant-specific token based on the merchant identification data from the token. In some embodiments, the TM computing device may determine that the card identifier is a token because the identifier is within a particular series of numbers. In other embodiments, some of the characters of the card identifier identify the identifier as a token. In still further embodiments, one or more rules may be used to recognize the identifier as a token. If the card identifier is not a merchant-specific token, then the TM computing device does nothing and the transaction is processed as a normal payment card transaction. 
     If the card identifier is a merchant specific token, then the TM computing device determines whether the token is associated with the merchant that corresponds to the merchant identifier received in the authorization request message based on the merchant identification data from the token. If the merchant that the token is associated with is the same as the merchant from whom the transaction originated, the TM computing device retrieves the payment card account number that corresponds to the token. The TM computing device transmits the authorization request message with the retrieved payment card account number to an issuer processor. 
     If the merchant that the token is associated with is not the same as the merchant from whom the transaction originated, the TM computing device transmits instructions to the issuer processor to deny the transaction. The TM computing device flags the merchant that corresponds to the received token, all of the tokens associated with that merchant, and all of the payment card numbers associated with that merchant as “potentially compromised”. The TM computing device initiates an investigation into the potentially compromised merchant using the received token as a starting point. 
     In the example embodiment, the TM computing device also notifies investigators of the potential breach and provides a mechanism for the investigators to clear the merchant once the merchant has been sanitized or it is determined that the flag was a false a positive, such as in the case of a randomly generated token being submitted by a hacker that happens to match an actual token rather than the hacker having compromised a merchant. If an investigation determines that the merchant was not compromised, then TM computing device clears the merchant and removes the flags on the tokens and card numbers. If the compromise is confirmed, then the TM computing device updates the “potentially compromised” flags to “confirmed compromised”. In some embodiments, the TM computing device sends the list of confirmed compromised cards to issuer processors of the cards for card reissuance. 
     In some embodiments, the TM computing device reviews the date that the compromised token was issued and flags all cards that were used in a transaction since that date as “potentially compromised”. In some further embodiments, cards used more recently would be given a higher risk factor. In other embodiments, cards used before the token was issued may also be flagged, but at a lower risk factor, since the nature of the compromise may or may not affect old cards. For example, a breach of a system that converts all cards into tokens wouldn&#39;t put any stored cards at risk, but would still require flagging non-stored cards used in transactions with that merchant. Whereas, a breach at a system that stores a mix of tokens and cards would put all of the stored cards at risk. 
     In some embodiments, after discovering a first compromised token from a merchant the TM computing device monitors for additional compromised tokens from that merchant. The existence of additional compromised tokens lowers the chance of a false positive. In other embodiments, the payment network may work with high-profile merchants to plant dummy tokens. These tokens could be used as an early indicator that the merchant had been breached. 
     The methods and systems described herein may be implemented using computer programming or engineering techniques including computer software, firmware, hardware, or any combination or subset. As disclosed above, at least one technical problem with prior payment card systems is that actual payment card identifiers that are stored with merchants can become compromised resulting in numerous fraudulent transactions and significant monetary losses for the parties involved in the transaction. The systems and methods described herein address that technical problem. The technical effect of the systems and processes described herein is achieved by performing at least one of the following steps: (a) storing a plurality of tokens for a first merchant, where each of the plurality of tokens is associated with a cardholder account number; (b) receiving in a transaction for a second merchant a token associated with the first merchant; (c) determining that the received token is associated with the first merchant; (d) determining that the first merchant is potentially compromised; (e) flagging all payment cards, tokens, and future transactions associated with that merchant; and (f) initiating an investigation of the first merchant for potential compromise using the received token as a starting point. 
     As used herein, the terms “transaction card,” “financial transaction card,” and “payment card” refer to any suitable transaction card, such as a credit card, a debit card, a prepaid card, a charge card, a membership card, a promotional card, a frequent flyer card, an identification card, a gift card, and/or any other device that may hold payment account information, such as mobile phones, Smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), key fobs, and/or computers. Each type of transactions card can be used as a method of payment for performing a transaction. 
     In one embodiment, a computer program is provided, and the program is embodied on a computer readable medium. In an example embodiment, the system is executed on a single computer system, without requiring a connection to a server computer. In a further example embodiment, the system is being run in a Windows® environment (Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Wash.). In yet another embodiment, the system is run on a mainframe environment and a UNIX® server environment (UNIX is a registered trademark of X/Open Company Limited located in Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom). In a further embodiment, the system is run on an iOS® environment (iOS is a registered trademark of Cisco Systems, Inc. located in San Jose, Calif.). In yet a further embodiment, the system is run on a Mac OS® environment (Mac OS is a registered trademark of Apple Inc. located in Cupertino, Calif.). The application is flexible and designed to run in various different environments without compromising any major functionality. In some embodiments, the system includes multiple components distributed among a plurality of computing devices. One or more components are in the form of computer-executable instructions embodied in a computer-readable medium. The systems and processes are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. In addition, components of each system and each process can be practiced independently and separately from other components and processes described herein. Each component and process can also be used in combination with other assembly packages and processes. 
     In one embodiment, a computer program is provided, and the program is embodied on a computer readable medium and utilizes a Structured Query Language (SQL) with a client user interface front-end for administration and a web interface for standard user input and reports. In another embodiment, the system is web enabled and is run on a business-entity intranet. In yet another embodiment, the system is fully accessed by individuals having an authorized access outside the firewall of the business-entity through the Internet. In a further embodiment, the system is being run in a Windows® environment (Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Wash.). The application is flexible and designed to run in various different environments without compromising any major functionality. 
     As used herein, an element or step recited in the singular and preceded with the word “a” or “an” should be understood as not excluding plural elements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly recited. Furthermore, references to “example embodiment” or “one embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. 
     As used herein, the term “database” may refer to either a body of data, a relational database management system (RDBMS), or to both. A database may include any collection of data including hierarchical databases, relational databases, flat file databases, object-relational databases, object oriented databases, and any other structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system. The above examples are for example only, and thus are not intended to limit in any way the definition and/or meaning of the term database. Examples of RDBMS&#39;s include, but are not limited to including, Oracle® Database, MySQL, IBM® DB2, Microsoft® SQL Server, Sybase®, and PostgreSQL. However, any database may be used that enables the systems and methods described herein. (Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation, Redwood Shores, Calif.; IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, New York; Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Wash.; and Sybase is a registered trademark of Sybase, Dublin, Calif.) 
     The term processor, as used herein, may refer to central processing units, microprocessors, microcontrollers, reduced instruction set circuits (RISC), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), logic circuits, and any other circuit or processor capable of executing the functions described herein. 
     As used herein, the terms “software” and “firmware” are interchangeable, and include any computer program stored in memory for execution by a processor, including RAM memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) memory. The above memory types are for example only, and are thus not limiting as to the types of memory usable for storage of a computer program. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram illustrating an example multi-party transaction card industry system  120  for enabling payment-by-card transactions in which merchants  124  and card issuers  130  do not need to have a one-to-one special relationship. Embodiments described herein may relate to a transaction card system, such as a credit card payment system using the MasterCard® interchange network. The MasterCard® interchange network is a set of proprietary communications standards promulgated by MasterCard International Incorporated® for the exchange of financial transaction data and the settlement of funds between financial institutions that are members of MasterCard International Incorporated®. (MasterCard is a registered trademark of MasterCard International Incorporated located in Purchase, N.Y.). 
     In a typical transaction card system, a financial institution called the “issuer” issues a transaction card or electronic payments account identifier, such as a credit card, to a consumer or cardholder  122 , who uses the transaction card to tender payment for a purchase from a merchant  124 . To accept payment with the transaction card, merchant  124  must normally establish an account with a financial institution that is part of the financial payment system. This financial institution is usually called the “merchant bank,” the “acquiring bank,” or the “acquirer.” When cardholder  122  tenders payment for a purchase with a transaction card, merchant  124  requests authorization from a merchant bank  126  for the amount of the purchase. The request may be performed over the telephone, but is usually performed through the use of a point-of-sale terminal, which reads cardholder&#39;s  122  account information from a magnetic stripe, a chip, or embossed characters on the transaction card and communicates electronically with the transaction processing computers of merchant bank  126 . Alternatively, merchant bank  126  may authorize a third party to perform transaction processing on its behalf. In this case, the point-of-sale terminal will be configured to communicate with the third party. Such a third party is usually called a “merchant processor,” an “acquiring processor,” or a “third party processor.” 
     Using an interchange network  128 , computers of merchant bank  126  or merchant processor will communicate with computers of an issuer bank  130  to determine whether cardholder&#39;s  122  account  132  is in good standing and whether the purchase is covered by cardholder&#39;s  122  available credit line. Based on these determinations, the request for authorization will be declined or accepted. If the request is accepted, an authorization code is issued to merchant  124 . 
     When a request for authorization is accepted, the available credit line of cardholder&#39;s  122  account  132  is decreased. Normally, a charge for a payment card transaction is not posted immediately to cardholder&#39;s  122  account  132  because bankcard associations, such as MasterCard International Incorporated®, have promulgated rules that do not allow merchant  124  to charge, or “capture,” a transaction until goods are shipped or services are delivered. However, with respect to at least some debit card transactions, a charge may be posted at the time of the transaction. When merchant  124  ships or delivers the goods or services, merchant  124  captures the transaction by, for example, appropriate data entry procedures on the point-of-sale terminal. This may include bundling of approved transactions daily for standard retail purchases. If cardholder  122  cancels a transaction before it is captured, a “void” is generated. If cardholder  122  returns goods after the transaction has been captured, a “credit” is generated. Interchange network  128  and/or issuer bank  130  stores the transaction card information, such as a category of merchant, a merchant identifier, a location where the transaction was completed, amount of purchase, date and time of transaction, in a database  220  (shown in  FIG. 2 ). 
     After a purchase has been made, a clearing process occurs to transfer additional transaction data related to the purchase among the parties to the transaction, such as merchant bank  126 , interchange network  128 , and issuer bank  130 . More specifically, during and/or after the clearing process, additional data, such as a time of purchase, a merchant name, a type of merchant, purchase information, cardholder account information, a type of transaction, itinerary information, information regarding the purchased item and/or service, and/or other suitable information, is associated with a transaction and transmitted between parties to the transaction as transaction data, and may be stored by any of the parties to the transaction. In the exemplary embodiment, when cardholder  122  purchases travel, such as airfare, a hotel stay, and/or a rental car, at least partial itinerary information is transmitted during the clearance process as transaction data. When interchange network  128  receives the itinerary information, interchange network  128  routes the itinerary information to database  220 . 
     For debit card transactions, when a request for a personal identification number (PIN) authorization is approved by the issuer, cardholder&#39;s account  132  is decreased. Normally, a charge is posted immediately to cardholder&#39;s account  132 . The payment card association then transmits the approval to the acquiring processor for distribution of goods/services or information, or cash in the case of an automated teller machine (ATM). 
     After a transaction is authorized and cleared, the transaction is settled among merchant  124 , merchant bank  126 , and issuer bank  130 . Settlement refers to the transfer of financial data or funds among merchant&#39;s  124  account, merchant bank  126 , and issuer bank  130  related to the transaction. Usually, transactions are captured and accumulated into a “batch,” which is settled as a group. More specifically, a transaction is typically settled between issuer bank  130  and interchange network  128 , and then between interchange network  128  and merchant bank  126 , and then between merchant bank  126  and merchant  124 . 
       FIG. 2  is a simplified block diagram of an example system  200  used for monitoring tokens in accordance with one example embodiment of the present disclosure. In the example embodiment, system  200  may be used for performing payment-by-card transactions received as part of processing cardholder transactions. In addition, system  200  is a payment processing system that includes a token monitoring (“TM”) computing device  224  configured to determine when and where payment card numbers stored by a merchant have been compromised. As described below in more detail, TM computing device  224  is configured to store a plurality of tokens for a first merchant, where each of the plurality of tokens is associated with a cardholder account number and the first merchant, receive in an authorization request from a second merchant a token associated with the first merchant, determine that the received token is associated with the first merchant, determine that the first merchant is potentially compromised and flag all payment cards, tokens, and future transactions associated with that merchant, and initiate an investigation of the first merchant for potential compromise using the received token as a starting point. 
     In the example embodiment, client systems  214  are computers that include a web browser or a software application, which enables client systems  214  to access server system  212  using the Internet. More specifically, client systems  214  are communicatively coupled to the Internet through many interfaces including, but not limited to, at least one of a network, such as the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), or an integrated services digital network (ISDN), a dial-up-connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a cellular phone connection, and a cable modem. Client systems  214  can be any device capable of accessing the Internet including, but not limited to, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a phablet, or other web-based connectable equipment. 
     A database server  216  is communicatively coupled to a database  220  that stores data. In one embodiment, database  220  includes transaction information from a plurality of cardholders and paths based on those transactions. In the example embodiment, database  220  is stored remotely from server system  212 . In some embodiments, database  220  is decentralized. In the example embodiment, a person can access database  220  via client systems  214  by logging onto server system  212 , as described herein. 
     TM computing device  224  is communicatively coupled with the server system  212 . TM computing device  224  can access the server system  212  to store and access data and to communicate with the client systems  214  through the server system  212 . In some embodiments, TM computing device  224  may be associated with, or is part of the payment system, or in communication with the payment network  120 , shown in  FIG. 1 . In other embodiments, TM computing device  224  is associated with a third party and is in communication with the payment network  120 . In some embodiments, TM computing device  224  may be associated with, or be part of merchant bank  126 , interchange network  128 , and issuer bank  130 , all shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     One or more point of sale systems  222  are communicatively coupled with the server system  212 . The one or more point of sale systems  222  can be merchants  124  shown in  FIG. 1 , where the point of sale systems  222  are communicatively coupled with the server system through the payment network  120 . Point of sale systems  222  may be, but are not limited to, machines that accept card swipes, online payment portals, or stored payment card numbers for recurring transactions. 
     In some embodiments, server system  212  may be associated with a financial transaction interchange network  128  shown in  FIG. 1 , and may be referred to as an interchange computer system. Server system  212  may be used for processing transaction data and analyzing for fraudulent transactions. In addition, at least one of client systems  214  may include a computer system associated with an issuer of a transaction card. Accordingly, server system  212  and client systems  214  may be utilized to process transaction data relating to purchases a cardholder makes utilizing a transaction card processed by the interchange network and issued by the associated issuer. At least one client system  214  may be associated with a user or a cardholder seeking to register, access information, or process a transaction with at least one of the interchange network, the issuer, or the merchant. In addition, client systems  214  or point of sales devices  222  may include point-of-sale (POS) devices associated with a merchant and used for processing payment transactions. At least one client system  214  may be used for investigating potential breaches. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an example configuration of a client system  214  shown in  FIG. 2 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. User computer device  302  is operated by a user  301 . User computer device  302  may include, but is not limited to, client systems  214  and TM computing device  224  (both shown in  FIG. 2 ). User computer device  302  includes a processor  305  for executing instructions. In some embodiments, executable instructions are stored in a memory area  310 . Processor  305  may include one or more processing units (e.g., in a multi-core configuration). Memory area  310  is any device allowing information such as executable instructions and/or transaction data to be stored and retrieved. Memory area  310  may include one or more computer readable media. 
     User computer device  302  also includes at least one media output component  315  for presenting information to user  301 . Media output component  315  is any component capable of conveying information to user  301 . In some embodiments, media output component  315  includes an output adapter (not shown) such as a video adapter and/or an audio adapter. An output adapter is operatively coupled to processor  305  and operatively coupleable to an output device such as a display device (e.g., a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), light emitting diode (LED) display, or “electronic ink” display) or an audio output device (e.g., a speaker or headphones). In some embodiments, media output component  315  is configured to present a graphical user interface (e.g., a web browser and/or a client application) to user  301 . A graphical user interface may include, for example, an online store interface for viewing and/or purchasing items, and/or a wallet application for managing payment information. In some embodiments, user computer device  302  includes an input device  320  for receiving input from user  301 . User  301  may use input device  320  to, without limitation, select and/or enter one or more items to purchase and/or a purchase request, or to access credential information, and/or payment information. Input device  320  may include, for example, a keyboard, a pointing device, a mouse, a stylus, a touch sensitive panel (e.g., a touch pad or a touch screen), a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a position detector, a biometric input device, and/or an audio input device. A single component such as a touch screen may function as both an output device of media output component  315  and input device  320 . 
     User computer device  302  may also include a communication interface  325 , communicatively coupled to a remote device such as server system  212  (shown in  FIG. 2 ). Communication interface  325  may include, for example, a wired or wireless network adapter and/or a wireless data transceiver for use with a mobile telecommunications network. 
     Stored in memory area  310  are, for example, computer readable instructions for providing a user interface to user  301  via media output component  315  and, optionally, receiving and processing input from input device  320 . A user interface may include, among other possibilities, a web browser and/or a client application. Web browsers enable users, such as user  301 , to display and interact with media and other information typically embedded on a web page or a website from server system  212 . A client application allows user  301  to interact with, for example, server system  212 . For example, instructions may be stored by a cloud service, and the output of the execution of the instructions sent to the media output component  315 . 
     Processor  305  executes computer-executable instructions for implementing aspects of the disclosure. In some embodiments, the processor  305  is transformed into a special purpose microprocessor by executing computer-executable instructions or by otherwise being programmed. For example, the processor  305  is programmed with the instruction such as illustrated in  FIGS. 5 &amp; 6 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an example configuration of the server system  212  shown in  FIG. 2 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. Server computer device  401  may include, but is not limited to, database server  216  (shown in  FIG. 2 ). Server computer device  401  also includes a processor  405  for executing instructions. Instructions may be stored in a memory area  410 . Processor  405  may include one or more processing units (e.g., in a multi-core configuration). 
     Processor  405  is operatively coupled to a communication interface  415  such that server computer device  401  is capable of communicating with a remote device such as another server computer device  401 , client systems  214 , or TM computing device  224  (both shown in  FIG. 2 ). For example, communication interface  415  may receive requests from client systems  214  via the Internet, as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . 
     Processor  405  may also be operatively coupled to a storage device  434 . Storage device  434  is any computer-operated hardware suitable for storing and/or retrieving data, such as, but not limited to, data associated with database  220  (shown in  FIG. 2 ). In some embodiments, storage device  434  is integrated in server computer device  401 . For example, server computer device  401  may include one or more hard disk drives as storage device  434 . In other embodiments, storage device  434  is external to server computer device  401  and may be accessed by a plurality of server computer devices  401 . For example, storage device  434  may include a storage area network (SAN), a network attached storage (NAS) system, and/or multiple storage units such as hard disks and/or solid state disks in a redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) configuration. 
     In some embodiments, processor  405  is operatively coupled to storage device  434  via a storage interface  420 . Storage interface  420  is any component capable of providing processor  405  with access to storage device  434 . Storage interface  420  may include, for example, an Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) adapter, a Serial ATA (SATA) adapter, a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) adapter, a RAID controller, a SAN adapter, a network adapter, and/or any component providing processor  405  with access to storage device  434 . 
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process  500  of replacing a payment card account number with a token to be stored by a merchant using the system shown in  FIG. 2 , in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosure. Process  500  may be implemented by a computing device, for example TM computing device  224  (shown in  FIG. 2 ). In the example embodiment, TM computing device  224  receives  505  a payment card account number from merchant  124  (shown in  FIG. 1 ). The payment card account number is associated with cardholder  122 , and merchant  124  is planning on storing the account number for future transactions. 
     TM computing device  224  generates  510  a token that contains merchant identification data that identifies that token as being specific to merchant  124 . The token is formatted in the same way as the account number to appear as a payment card account number. In the example embodiment, there is a batch of tokens that are set aside to be associated with that specific merchant, and TM computing device  224  chooses an unused one from the batch. In other embodiments, TM computing device  224  randomly generates a token using one or more rules, where one or more of the rules are specific to that merchant  124 . TM computing device  224  associates  515  the generated token with the received account number. TM computing device  224  stores  520  the generated token and the received account number in database  220  (shown in  FIG. 2 ). TM computing device  224  transmits  525  the generated token to merchant  124 . In the example embodiment, process  500  is performed for individual account numbers. In other embodiments, process  500  may be performed for batches of account numbers. 
       FIG. 6  is a flowchart showing the process  600  how the system  200  shown in  FIG. 2  is integrated into the payment card system payment network  120  shown in  FIG. 1 . TM computing device  224  (shown in  FIG. 2 ) receives  605  an authorization request message for a transaction initiated by cardholder  122  using a payment card at merchant  124 . The authorization request message includes a merchant identifier and a card identifier that is formatted as an account number. TM computing device  224  determines  610  whether the cardholder identifier is a merchant-specific token based on the merchant identification data from the token. In some embodiments, TM computing device  224  may determine that the card identifier is a token because the identifier is within a particular series of numbers. In other embodiments, some of the characters of the card identifier identify the identifier as a token. In still further embodiments, one or more rules may be used to recognize the identifier as a token. If the card identifier is not a merchant-specific token, then TM computing device  224  does nothing and the transaction is processed  615  as normal, as shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     If the card identifier is a merchant specific token, then TM computing device  224  determines  620  whether the token is associated with merchant  124  that corresponds to the merchant identifier received in the authorization request message based on the merchant identification data from the token. If the merchant that the token is associated with is the same as the merchant from whom the transaction originated, then TM computing device  224  queries database  220  (shown in  FIG. 2 ) and retrieves  625  the payment card account number that corresponds to the token. TM computing device  224  transmits  630  the authorization request message with the retrieved payment card account number to the issuer processor  130 , shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     If the merchant that the token is associated with is not the same as the merchant from whom the transaction originated, then TM computing device  224  transmits  635  instructions to the issuer processor to deny the transaction. TM computing device  224  flags  640  the merchant corresponding to the received token, all of the tokens associated with that merchant, and all of the payment card numbers associated with that merchant as “potentially compromised”. TM computing device  224  initiates  645  an investigation into the potentially compromised merchant using the received token as a starting point. 
     In the example embodiment, TM computing device  224  notifies investigators of the potential breach and provides a mechanism for the investigators to clear the merchant once merchant  124  has been sanitized or it is determined that the flag was a false a positive, such as in the case of a randomly generated token being submitted by a hacker that happens to match a token rather than the hacker having compromised merchant  124 . If an investigation determines that merchant  124  was not compromised, then TM computing device  224  clears merchant  124  and removes the flags on the tokens and card numbers. If the compromise is confirmed, then TM computing device  224  updates the “potentially compromised” flags to “confirmed compromised”. In some embodiments, TM computing device  224  sends the list of confirmed compromised cards to issuer processors of the cards for card reissuance. 
     In some embodiments, TM computing device  224  could examine the date that the compromised token was issued and flag all cards that were used since that date as “potentially compromised”. In some further embodiments, cards used more recently would be given a higher risk factor. In other embodiments, cards used before the token was issued may also be flagged, but at a lower risk factor, since the nature of the compromise may or may not affect old cards. For example, a breach of a system that converts all cards into tokens wouldn&#39;t put any stored cards at risk, but would still require flagging non-stored cards used in transactions with that merchant. Whereas, a breach at a system that stores a mix of tokens and cards would put all of the stored cards at risk. 
     In some embodiments, after discovering a first compromised token from a merchant  124 , TM computing device  224  monitors for additional compromised tokens from that merchant  124 . The existence of additional compromised tokens lowers the chance of a false positive. In other embodiments, the payment network  120  (shown in  FIG. 1 ) may work with high-profile merchants  124  to plant dummy tokens. These tokens could be used as an early indicator that merchant  124  had been breached. 
       FIG. 7  is a diagram  700  of components of one or more example computing devices that may be used in the system  200  shown in  FIG. 2 . In some embodiments, computing device  710  is similar to server system  212 ; it may also be similar to TM computing device  224  (both shown in  FIG. 2 ). Database  720  may be coupled with several separate components within computing device  710 , which perform specific tasks. In this embodiment, database  720  includes transaction information  722 , cardholders account numbers  724 , tokens  726 , and merchant information  728 . In some embodiments, database  720  is similar to database  220  (shown in  FIG. 2 ). 
     Computing device  710  includes the database  720 , as well as data storage devices  730 . Computing device  710  also includes a communication component  740  for receiving  505  a payment card account number, transmitting  525  a token (both shown in  FIG. 5 ), receiving  605  authorization request messages, transmitting  630  authorization request messages, and transmitting  645  instructions, as shown in  FIG. 6 . Computing device  710  also includes a generating component  750  for generating  510  a token specific to a merchant, as shown in  FIG. 5 . A determining component  760  is also included for determining  610  whether a card identifier is a merchant specific token and determining  620  whether a token is associated with the same merchant as the transaction, both shown in  FIG. 6 . An associating component  770  is further included for associating  515  a token with a received payment card account number (as shown in  FIG. 5 ). Moreover, a flagging component  775  is included for flagging  640  the merchant, all of the tokens associated with the merchant, and all of the payment card account numbers associated with the merchant, as shown in  FIG. 6 . In addition, an initiating component  780  is included for initiating  645  an investigation into the potentially compromised merchant, as shown in  FIG. 6 . A processing component  785  assists with execution of computer-executable instructions associated with the system. 
     The systems and processes are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. In addition, components of each system and each process can be practiced independent and separate from other components and processes described herein. Each component and process also can be used in combination with other assembly packages and processes. 
     Having described aspects of the disclosure in detail, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of aspects of the disclosure as defined in the appended claims. As various changes could be made in the above constructions, products, and methods without departing from the scope of aspects of the disclosure, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. 
     While the disclosure has been described in terms of various specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the claims. 
     As will be appreciated based on the foregoing specification, the above-described embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented using computer programming or engineering techniques including computer software, firmware, hardware or any combination or subset thereof. Any such resulting program, having computer-readable code means, may be embodied or provided within one or more computer-readable media, thereby making a computer program product, i.e., an article of manufacture, according to the discussed embodiments of the disclosure. Example computer-readable media may be, but are not limited to, a flash memory drive, digital versatile disc (DVD), compact disc (CD), fixed (hard) drive, diskette, optical disk, magnetic tape, semiconductor memory such as read-only memory (ROM), and/or any transmitting/receiving medium such as the Internet or other communication network or link. By way of example and not limitation, computer-readable media comprise computer-readable storage media and communication media. Computer-readable storage media are tangible and non-transitory and store information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data. Communication media, in contrast, typically embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a transitory modulated signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and include any information delivery media. Combinations of any of the above are also included in the scope of computer-readable media. The article of manufacture containing the computer code may be made and/or used by executing the code directly from one medium, by copying the code from one medium to another medium, or by transmitting the code over a network. 
     This written description uses examples to disclose the embodiments, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the embodiments, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.