Patent Publication Number: US-2023141393-A1

Title: Harvesting energy from clusters of nodes

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This patent application claims priority Greece Provisional Patent Application No. 20210100785, filed on Nov. 9, 2021, entitled “HARVESTING ENERGY FROM CLUSTERS OF NODES,” and assigned to the assignee hereof. The disclosure of the prior application is considered part of and is incorporated by reference into this patent application. 
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses for harvesting energy from clusters of nodes. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, or the like). Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 
     A wireless network may include one or more base stations that support communication for a user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with a base station via downlink communications and uplink communications. “Downlink” (or “DL”) refers to a communication link from the base station to the UE, and “uplink” (or “UL”) refers to a communication link from the UE to the base station. 
     The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and/or global level. New Radio (NR), which may be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM and/or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink, as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful. 
     SUMMARY 
     In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) includes a memory and one or more processors, coupled to the memory, configured to: receive, from a network node, an indication of a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE; receive, from the cluster of nodes, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes; and harvest energy from the signals for charging a battery of the UE. 
     In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node includes a memory and one or more processors, coupled to the memory, configured to: determine a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to a UE for energy harvesting at the UE; and transmit, to the UE, an indication of the cluster of nodes, wherein the signals from the cluster of nodes enable the energy harvesting at the UE. 
     In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a UE includes receiving, from a network node, an indication of a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE; receiving, from the cluster of nodes, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes; and harvesting energy from the signals for charging a battery of the UE. 
     In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a network node includes determining a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to a UE for energy harvesting at the UE; and transmitting, to the UE, an indication of the cluster of nodes, wherein the signals from the cluster of nodes enable the energy harvesting at the UE. 
     In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: receive, from a network node, an indication of a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE; receive, from the cluster of nodes, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes; and harvest energy from the signals for charging a battery of the UE. 
     In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network node, cause the network node to: determine a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to a UE for energy harvesting at the UE; and transmit, to the UE, an indication of the cluster of nodes, wherein the signals from the cluster of nodes enable the energy harvesting at the UE. 
     In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving, from a network node, an indication of a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to the apparatus for energy harvesting at the apparatus; means for receiving, from the cluster of nodes, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes; and means for harvesting energy from the signals for charging a battery of the apparatus. 
     In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for determining a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to a UE for energy harvesting at the UE; and means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication of the cluster of nodes, wherein the signals from the cluster of nodes enable the energy harvesting at the UE. 
     Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, network node, network entity, base station, wireless communication device, and/or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings, specification, and appendix. 
     The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. 
     While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and/or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, and/or artificial intelligence devices). Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and/or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and/or summers). It is intended that aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and/or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements. 
         FIG.  1    is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    is a diagram illustrating an example of a radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    is a diagram illustrating an example of energy harvesting schemes, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    is a diagram illustrating an example of sidelink communications, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    is a diagram illustrating an example of sidelink communications and access link communications, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    is a diagram illustrating an example of sidelink operating modes, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    is a diagram illustrating an example of a slot structure, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  9    is a diagram illustrating an example of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) resource elements, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  10    is a diagram illustrating an example of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) patterns, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  11    is a diagram illustrating an example of sidelink control information, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  12 - 13    are diagrams illustrating examples associated with harvesting energy from clusters of nodes, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  14 - 15    are diagrams illustrating example processes associated with harvesting energy from clusters of nodes, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  16 - 17    are diagrams of example apparatuses for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  18    is a diagram illustrating an example of a disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim. 
     Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. 
     While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G). 
       FIG.  1    is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network  100 , in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network  100  may be or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and/or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, among other examples. The wireless network  100  may include one or more base stations  110  (shown as a BS  110   a , a BS  110   b , a BS  110   c , and a BS  110   d ), a user equipment (UE)  120  or multiple UEs  120  (shown as a UE  120   a , a UE  120   b , a UE  120   c , a UE  120   d , and a UE  120   e ), and/or other network entities. A base station  110  is an entity that communicates with UEs  120 . A base station  110  (sometimes referred to as a BS) may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, and/or a transmission reception point (TRP). Each base station  110  may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a base station  110  and/or a base station subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. 
     A base station  110  may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs  120  with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs  120  with service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs  120  having association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs  120  in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A base station  110  for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro base station. A base station  110  for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico base station. A base station  110  for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto base station or an in-home base station. In the example shown in  FIG.  1   , the BS  110   a  may be a macro base station for a macro cell  102   a , the BS  110   b  may be a pico base station for a pico cell  102   b , and the BS  110   c  may be a femto base station for a femto cell  102   c . A base station may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. 
     In some aspects, the terms “base station” (e.g., the base station  110 ) or “network node” may refer to an aggregated base station, a disaggregated base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, and/or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, “base station” or “network node” may refer to a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described herein in connection with the base station  110 . In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to a plurality of devices configured to perform the one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a number of different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to duplicate performance of at least a portion of the function, and the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to any one or more of those different devices. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one or more virtual base stations and/or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one of the base station functions and not another. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station. 
     In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a base station  110  that is mobile (e.g., a mobile base station). In some examples, the base stations  110  may be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other base stations  110  or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network  100  through various types of backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network. 
     The wireless network  100  may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is an entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream station (e.g., a base station  110  or a UE  120 ) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UE  120  or a base station  110 ). A relay station may be a UE  120  that can relay transmissions for other UEs  120 . In the example shown in  FIG.  1   , the BS  110   d  (e.g., a relay base station) may communicate with the BS  110   a  (e.g., a macro base station) and the UE  120   d  in order to facilitate communication between the BS  110   a  and the UE  120   d . A base station  110  that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay, or the like. 
     The wireless network  100  may be a heterogeneous network that includes base stations  110  of different types, such as macro base stations, pico base stations, femto base stations, relay base stations, or the like. These different types of base stations  110  may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and/or different impacts on interference in the wireless network  100 . For example, macro base stations may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico base stations, femto base stations, and relay base stations may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts). 
     A network controller  130  may couple to or communicate with a set of base stations  110  and may provide coordination and control for these base stations  110 . The network controller  130  may communicate with the base stations  110  via a backhaul communication link. The base stations  110  may communicate with one another directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul communication link. 
     The UEs  120  may be dispersed throughout the wireless network  100 , and each UE  120  may be stationary or mobile. A UE  120  may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and/or a subscriber unit. A UE  120  may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and/or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter/sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, and/or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless medium. 
     Some UEs  120  may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. An MTC UE and/or an eMTC UE may include, for example, a robot, a drone, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and/or a location tag, that may communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs  120  may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs  120  may be considered a customer premises equipment (CPE). A UE  120  may be included inside a housing that houses components of the UE  120 , such as processor components and/or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and the memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory components (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and/or electrically coupled. 
     In general, any number of wireless networks  100  may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network  100  may support a particular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed. 
     In some examples, two or more UEs  120  (e.g., shown as UE  120   a  and UE  120   e ) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using a base station  110  as an intermediary to communicate with one another). For example, the UEs  120  may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol, or a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol), and/or a mesh network. In such examples, a UE  120  may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the base station  110 . 
     Devices of the wireless network  100  may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. For example, devices of the wireless network  100  may communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. 
     The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz-24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and/or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and/or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz-71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz-114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz-300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band. 
     With the above examples in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and/or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and/or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges. 
     In some aspects, a UE (e.g., UE  120 ) may include a communication manager  140 . As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager  140  may receive, from a network node, an indication of a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE; receive, from the cluster of nodes, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes; and harvest energy from the signals for charging a battery of the UE. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager  140  may perform one or more other operations described herein. 
     In some aspects, a network node (e.g., base station  110 ) may include a communication manager  150 . As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager  150  may determine a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to a UE for energy harvesting at the UE; and transmit, to the UE, an indication of the cluster of nodes, wherein the signals from the cluster of nodes enable the energy harvesting at the UE. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager  150  may perform one or more other operations described herein. 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  1    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to  FIG.  1   . 
       FIG.  2    is a diagram illustrating an example  200  of a base station  110  in communication with a UE  120  in a wireless network  100 , in accordance with the present disclosure. The base station  110  may be equipped with a set of antennas  234   a  through  234   t , such as T antennas (T≥1). The UE  120  may be equipped with a set of antennas  252   a  through  252   r , such as R antennas (R≥1). 
     At the base station  110 , a transmit processor  220  may receive data, from a data source  212 , intended for the UE  120  (or a set of UEs  120 ). The transmit processor  220  may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE  120  based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from that UE  120 . The base station  110  may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE  120  based at least in part on the MCS(s) selected for the UE  120  and may provide data symbols for the UE  120 . The transmit processor  220  may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor  220  may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor  230  may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems  232  (e.g., T modems), shown as modems  232   a  through  232   t . For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem  232 . Each modem  232  may use a respective modulator component to process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem  232  may further use a respective modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and/or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The modems  232   a  through  232   t  may transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas  234  (e.g., T antennas), shown as antennas  234   a  through  234   t.    
     At the UE  120 , a set of antennas  252  (shown as antennas  252   a  through  252   r ) may receive the downlink signals from the base station  110  and/or other base stations  110  and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems  254  (e.g., R modems), shown as modems  254   a  through  254   r . For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem  254 . Each modem  254  may use a respective demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and/or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem  254  may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector  256  may obtain received symbols from the modems  254 , may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. A receive processor  258  may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE  120  to a data sink  260 , and may provide decoded control information and system information to a controller/processor  280 . The term “controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and/or a CQI parameter, among other examples. In some examples, one or more components of the UE  120  may be included in a housing  284 . 
     The network controller  130  may include a communication unit  294 , a controller/processor  290 , and a memory  292 . The network controller  130  may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller  130  may communicate with the base station  110  via the communication unit  294 . 
     One or more antennas (e.g., antennas  234   a  through  234   t  and/or antennas  252   a  through  252   r ) may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and/or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, and/or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and/or reception components, such as one or more components of  FIG.  2   . 
     On the uplink, at the UE  120 , a transmit processor  264  may receive and process data from a data source  262  and control information (e.g., for reports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) from the controller/processor  280 . The transmit processor  264  may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor  264  may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor  266  if applicable, further processed by the modems  254  (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to the base station  110 . In some examples, the modem  254  of the UE  120  may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE  120  includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna(s)  252 , the modem(s)  254 , the MIMO detector  256 , the receive processor  258 , the transmit processor  264 , and/or the TX MIMO processor  266 . The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller/processor  280 ) and the memory  282  to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to  FIGS.  12 - 17   ). 
     At the base station  110 , the uplink signals from UE  120  and/or other UEs may be received by the antennas  234 , processed by the modem  232  (e.g., a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of the modem  232 ), detected by a MIMO detector  236  if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor  238  to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE  120 . The receive processor  238  may provide the decoded data to a data sink  239  and provide the decoded control information to the controller/processor  240 . The base station  110  may include a communication unit  244  and may communicate with the network controller  130  via the communication unit  244 . The base station  110  may include a scheduler  246  to schedule one or more UEs  120  for downlink and/or uplink communications. In some examples, the modem  232  of the base station  110  may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the base station  110  includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna(s)  234 , the modem(s)  232 , the MIMO detector  236 , the receive processor  238 , the transmit processor  220 , and/or the TX MIMO processor  230 . The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller/processor  240 ) and the memory  242  to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to  FIGS.  12 - 17   ). 
     The controller/processor  240  of the base station  110 , the controller/processor  280  of the UE  120 , and/or any other component(s) of  FIG.  2    may perform one or more techniques associated with harvesting energy from clusters of nodes, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller/processor  240  of the base station  110 , the controller/processor  280  of the UE  120 , and/or any other component(s) of  FIG.  2    may perform or direct operations of, for example, process  1400  of  FIG.  14   , process  1500  of  FIG.  15   , and/or other processes as described herein. The memory  242  and the memory  282  may store data and program codes for the base station  110  and the UE  120 , respectively. In some examples, the memory  242  and/or the memory  282  may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and/or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and/or interpreting) by one or more processors of the base station  110  and/or the UE  120 , may cause the one or more processors, the UE  120 , and/or the base station  110  to perform or direct operations of, for example, process  1400  of  FIG.  14   , process  1500  of  FIG.  15   , and/or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and/or interpreting the instructions, among other examples. 
     In some aspects, a UE (e.g., UE  120 ) includes means for receiving, from a network node, an indication of a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE; means for receiving, from the cluster of nodes, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes; and/or means for harvesting energy from the signals for charging a battery of the UE. The means for the UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager  140 , antenna  252 , modem  254 , MIMO detector  256 , receive processor  258 , transmit processor  264 , TX MIMO processor  266 , controller/processor  280 , or memory  282 . 
     In some aspects, a network node (e.g., base station) includes means for determining a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to a UE for energy harvesting at the UE; and/or means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication of the cluster of nodes, wherein the signals from the cluster of nodes enable the energy harvesting at the UE. The means for the base station to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager  150 , transmit processor  220 , TX MIMO processor  230 , modem  232 , antenna  234 , MIMO detector  236 , receive processor  238 , controller/processor  240 , memory  242 , or scheduler  246 . 
     While blocks in  FIG.  2    are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor  264 , the receive processor  258 , and/or the TX MIMO processor  266  may be performed by or under the control of the controller/processor  280 . 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  2    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to  FIG.  2   . 
     Harvesting radio frequency (RF) energy may be used to perform some tasks at a device (e.g., a UE, a wearable device, a smart watch, a low power device), such as data decoding, filter operation, data reception, data encoding, and/or data transmission. A purpose of RF energy harvesting may not be to charge a battery of the device in full, but rather to charge the battery of the device (or to use a dedicated battery for energy harvesting) such that some tasks may be performed using the harvested energy. These tasks may be performed based at least in part on an accumulation of harvested energy over a period of time. The harvested energy may be derived from RF signals transmitted in a network. The device may interact with the network using the harvested energy. 
     RF energy harvesting may be useful in IoT cases. For example, RF energy harvesting may lead to a longer battery lifespan of an IoT device with a battery. As another example, RF energy harvesting may lead to a battery-less IoT device, such as a medical sensor or an implanted sensor. 
     An amount of energy that may be harvested from RF signals may be based at least in part a signal frequency, a signal source, a distance traveled by the RF signals, a Tx power associated with the RF signals, and/or an Rx power associated with the RF signals. The signal frequency may be associated with a very high frequency (VHF) or an ultra-high frequency (UHF). The signal source may be a tower or another device, such as a UE. 
     Energy harvesting may be derived from various sources, such as solar, vibration, thermal, laser or light, and/or RF. Energy harvesting from a solar source may use photovoltaic cells, and may provide a relatively high power density, but requires exposure to light (not implantable). Energy harvesting from a vibration source may use piezoelectric, electrostatic, and/or electromagnetic techniques, and may be implantable, but may suffer from material physical limitations. Energy harvesting from a thermal source may use thermoelectric or pyroelectric techniques, and may provide a relatively high power density and be implantable, but may produce excess heat. Energy harvesting from RF may use an antenna, and may be implantable, but may provide a relatively low power density where an efficiency is inversely proportional to a distance. 
       FIG.  3    is a diagram illustrating an example  300  of an RF energy harvesting system, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , an RF generator, acting as an RF source, may generate an RF signal. The RF generator may transmit, via a Tx antenna, the RF signal. The RF signal may be transmitted over a transmission space, and the RF signal may be received at an Rx antenna of a device. The RF signal may be directed to a wireless energy harvesting circuit of the device. The wireless energy harvesting circuit may include an impedance matching network and a rectifier/voltage multiplier, which may be responsible for converting the RF signal to power (e.g., direct current (DC) power). A power management system may be responsible for storing the power, and providing the power to application(s) of the device as needed. 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  3    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  4    is a diagram illustrating an example  400  of energy harvesting schemes, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     As shown by reference number  402 , a separated receiver architecture may be used for energy harvesting. An energy harvester of a device may receive RF signals from a first set of antennas. An information receiver of a device may receive RF signals from a second set of antennas. The energy harvester may function in a simultaneous manner with the information receiver, and received RF signals may be separate for the energy harvester and the information receiver. 
     As shown by reference number  404 , a time switching architecture may be used for energy harvesting. The device may switch between the energy harvester and the information receiver using time switching, with a common antenna shared between the energy harvester and the information receiver. In other words, all RF signals received at the antenna may be directed to the energy harvester when a path is switched to be directed to the energy harvester. On the other hand, all RF signals received at the antenna may be directed to the information receiver when a path is switched to be directed to the information receiver. 
     As shown by reference number  406 , a power splitting architecture may be used for energy harvesting. The common antenna between the energy harvester and the information receiver may receive RF signals, and the received RF signals may be split into two streams for the energy harvester and the information receiver. In other words, a power of the received RF signals may be split between the energy harvester and the information receiver. 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  4    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to  FIG.  4   . 
     Sidelink is a wireless communication link between UEs. Sidelink may be referred to as a PC5 interface. Sidelink may be used for sidelink communication between UEs. The sidelink communication may be a local D2D communication. Sidelink may be used as a relay for a network coverage extension and power saving (e.g., for a reduced capability UE). Some UEs may have a link to a network node (e.g., a base station) in a cellular network, where the link may be referred to as a Uu interface. A UE may perform a sidelink discovery to detect another UE, and sidelink communication may be performed between the two UEs after the sidelink discovery. 
       FIG.  5    is a diagram illustrating an example  500  of sidelink communications, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , a first UE  505 - 1  may communicate with a second UE  505 - 2  (and one or more other UEs  505 ) via one or more sidelink channels  510 . The UEs  505 - 1  and  505 - 2  may communicate using the one or more sidelink channels  510  for P2P communications, D2D communications, V2X communications (e.g., which may include V2V communications, V2I communications, and/or vehicle-to-person (V2P) communications), and/or mesh networking. In some aspects, the UEs  505  (e.g., UE  505 - 1  and/or UE  505 - 2 ) may include one or more other UEs described elsewhere herein, such as UE  120 . In some aspects, the one or more sidelink channels  510  may use a PC5 interface, may operate in a high frequency band (e.g., the 5.9 GHz band), and/or may operate on an unlicensed or shared frequency band (e.g., an NR unlicensed (NR-U) frequency band). Additionally, or alternatively, the UEs  505  may synchronize timing of transmission time intervals (TTIs) (e.g., frames, subframes, slots, and/or symbols) using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) timing. 
     As further shown in  FIG.  5   , the one or more sidelink channels  510  may include a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH)  515 , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH)  520 , and/or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH)  525 . The PSCCH  515  may be used to communicate control information, similar to a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and/or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) used for cellular communications with a base station  110  via an access link or an access channel. The PSSCH  520  may be used to communicate data, similar to a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) used for cellular communications with a base station  110  via an access link or an access channel. 
     In some aspects, the first UE  505 - 1  may communicate signals to the second UE  505 - 2  via the one or more sidelink channels  510 , and the second UE  505 - 2  may harvest energy from the signals. The second UE  505 - 2  may receive the signals from the first UE  505 - 1  based at least in part on an indication of a cluster of nodes received at the second UE  505 - 2  from a base station. 
     The PSCCH  515  may carry sidelink control information stage  1  (SCI- 1 )  530 , which may indicate various control information used for sidelink communications. The control information may include an indication of one or more resources (e.g., time resources, frequency resources, and/or spatial resources) where various types of information may be carried on the PSSCH  520 , information for decoding sidelink communications on the PSSCH  520 , a quality of service (QoS) priority value, a resource reservation period, a PSSCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) pattern, an sidelink control information (SCI) format and a beta offset for sidelink control information stage  2  (SCI- 2 )  535  transmitted on the PSSCH  520 , a quantity of PSSCH DMRS ports, and/or an MCS. 
     The information carried on the PSSCH  520  may include the SCI- 2   535  and/or data  540 . The SCI- 2   535  may include various types of information, such as a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARM) process ID, a new data indicator (NDI) associated with the data  540 , a source identifier, a destination identifier, and/or a channel state information (CSI) report trigger. In some aspects, a UE  505  may transmit both the SCI- 1   530  and the SCI- 2   535 . In some aspects, a UE  505  may transmit only SCI- 1   530 , in which case one or more types of the information that would otherwise be transmitted in the SCI- 2   535  may be transmitted in the SCI- 1   530  instead. 
     The PSFCH  525  may be used to communicate sidelink feedback  545 , such as HARQ feedback (e.g., acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information), transmit power control (TPC), and/or a scheduling request (SR). 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  5    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to  FIG.  5   . 
       FIG.  6    is a diagram illustrating an example  600  of sidelink communications and access link communications, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG.  6   , a Tx/Rx UE  605  and an Rx/Tx UE  610  may communicate with one another via a sidelink, as described above in connection with  FIG.  5   . As further shown, in some sidelink modes, a base station  110  may communicate with the Tx/Rx UE  605  via a first access link. Additionally, or alternatively, in some sidelink modes, the base station  110  may communicate with the Rx/Tx UE  610  via a second access link. The Tx/Rx UE  605  and/or the Rx/Tx UE  610  may correspond to one or more UEs described elsewhere herein, such as the UE  120  of  FIG.  1   . Thus, a direct link between UEs  120  (e.g., via a PC5 interface) may be referred to as a sidelink, and a direct link between a base station  110  and a UE  120  (e.g., via a Uu interface) may be referred to as an access link. Sidelink communications may be transmitted via the sidelink, and access link communications may be transmitted via the access link. An access link communication may be either a downlink communication (from a base station  110  to a UE  120 ) or an uplink communication (from a UE  120  to a base station  110 ). 
     In some aspects, the Tx/Rx UE  605  may communicate signals to the Rx/Tx UE  610  via the sidelink, and the Rx/Tx UE  610  may harvest energy from the signals. The Rx/Tx UE  610  may receive the signals from the Tx/Rx UE  605  based at least in part on an indication of a cluster of nodes received at the Rx/Tx UE  610  from a base station. 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  6    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to  FIG.  6   . 
       FIG.  7    is a diagram illustrating an example  700  of sidelink operating modes, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     As shown by reference number  702 , a first resource allocation mode in NR sidelink may involve a base station allocating resources for sidelink communications between UEs. For example, the base station may transmit a resource grant via a Uu interface to a first UE. The first UE may communicate with a second UE via a sidelink interface (e.g., a PC5 interface) based at least in part on the resource grant received from the base station. 
     As shown by reference number  704 , a second resource allocation mode in NR sidelink may involve UEs autonomously selecting sidelink resources. For example, the first UE may select a sidelink resource, and the first UE may communicate with the second UE based at least in part on the sidelink resource. 
     From a receiver perspective (e.g., a second UE that receives a sidelink communication from a first UE), there may be no difference between the first resource allocation mode and the second resource allocation mode. Further, NR sidelink may support HARQ-based retransmissions. 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  7    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to  FIG.  7   . 
     Sidelink communications may occur in transmission and/or reception resource pools. A minimum resource allocation unit in frequency may be a sub-channel. A resource allocation in time may be a slot. A slot may or may not be available for sidelink. A slot may or may not include feedback resources. A radio resource control (RRC) configuration that configures slots for a UE may be based at least in part on a pre-configuration (e.g., preloaded on the UE) or a configuration (e.g., from a base station). 
       FIG.  8    is a diagram illustrating an example  800  of a slot structure, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     As shown by reference number  802 , a slot may be configured without feedback resources. The slot may include 14 OFDM symbols. Sidelink may be (pre)configured to occupy fewer than 14 symbols in a slot. A first symbol in the slot may be repeated on a preceding symbol for automatic gain control (AGC) purposes. The slot may include a PSCCH and a PSSCH. A gap symbol may be present after the PSSCH. A sub-channel size may be (pre)configured to {10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100} physical resource blocks (PRBs). The PSCCH and the PSSCH may be transmitted in the same slot. 
     As shown by reference number  804 , a slot may be configured with feedback resources. The slot may include 14 OFDM symbols. The slot may include a PSCCH, a PSSCH, and a PSFCH. Resources for the PSFCH may be configured with a period of {0, 1, 2, 4} slots. The PSFCH may include two OFDM symbols, which may include a first OFDM symbol dedicated to the PSFCH and a second OFDM symbol for AGC purposes. A gap symbol may be present after the PSFCH. 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  8    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to  FIG.  8   . 
     SCI may be in two stages for forward compatibility. The SCI may include SCI- 1  and SCI- 2 . The SCI- 1  may be transmitted on a PSCCH and may include information for resource allocation and for decoding the SCI- 2 . The SCI- 2  may be transmitted on the PSSCH and may include information for decoding data via a shared channel. Both the SCI- 1  and the SCI- 2  may use PDCCH polar codes to improve reliability. 
     SCI- 1  may include priority information (e.g., QoS values), a PSSCH resource assignment (e.g., frequency/time resources for the PSSCH), a resource reservation period (if enabled), a PSSCH DMRS pattern (if more than one pattern is (pre)configured), an SCI- 2  format (e.g., information associated with a size of the SCI- 2 ), a two-bit beta offset for an SCI- 2  resource allocation, a number of PSSCH DMRS ports (e.g., one or two), and/or a 5-bit MCS. 
     SCI- 2  formats may include a HARQ process ID, an NDI, a source ID, a destination ID, and/or a CSI report trigger (applicable to unicast), which may be used to determine a new transport block or a transport block retransmission. SCI- 2  formats may include, for a groupcast option associated with a NACK-only distance-based feedback, a zone ID indicating a location of a transmitter and/or a maximum communication range for sending feedback. 
     A PSCCH duration may be (pre)configured to be two or three symbols. The PSCCH may be (pre)configured to span {10, 12, 15, 20, 25} PRBs, and may be limited to a single sub-channel. A DMRS may be present in every PSCCH symbol and may be placed on every fourth resource element (RE). A frequency domain orthogonal cover code (FD-OCC) may be applied to the DMRS to reduce an impact of colliding PSCCH transmissions. A transmitter UE may randomly select from a set of pre-defined FD-OCCs. A starting symbol for the PSCCH may be a second symbol in a slot (e.g., after a first symbol which may be used for AGC). 
       FIG.  9    is a diagram illustrating an example  900  of DMRS resource elements, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9   , a plurality of PSCCH REs may be in a frequency domain. A DMRS may be present in a PSCCH symbol (e.g., in every PSCCH symbol). The DMRS may occur in every fourth RE. In other words, three PSCCH REs in the frequency domain may be followed by a single DMRS RE, and so on. 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  9    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to  FIG.  9   . 
     One and two layer transmissions may be supported with quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM), 64-QAM, and/or 256-QAM. Two-symbol, three-symbol, and/or four-symbol DMRS patterns may be (pre)configured for use by a transmitter. The transmitter may select a DMRS pattern and may transmit an indication of the DMRS pattern in SCI- 1 , according to channel conditions. Further, DMRS patterns for a 9-symbol PSSCH and/or a 12-symbol PSSCH may be defined. 
       FIG.  10    is a diagram illustrating an example  1000  of DMRS patterns, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     As shown by reference number  1002 , a two-symbol DMRS pattern may include a first DMRS in symbol 4 and a second DMRS in symbol 10. As shown by reference number  1004 , a three-symbol DMRS pattern may include a first DMRS in symbol 1, a second DMRS in symbol 6, and a third DMRS in symbol 11. As shown by reference number  1006 , a four-symbol DMRS pattern may include a first DMRS in symbol 1, a second DMRS in symbol 4, a third DMRS in symbol 7, and a fourth DMRS in symbol 10. As shown by reference number  1008 , a two-symbol DMRS pattern may include a first DMRS in symbol 4 and a second DMRS in symbol 8. As shown by reference number  1010 , a three-symbol DMRS pattern may include a first DMRS in symbol 1, a second DMRS in symbol 4, and a third DMRS in symbol 7. 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  10    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to  FIG.  10   . 
       FIG.  11    is a diagram illustrating an example  1100  of sidelink control information, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG.  11   , SCI- 2  may be mapped to contiguous resource blocks in a PSSCH starting from a first symbol with a PSSCH DMRS. SCI- 2  may be scrambled separately from a sidelink shared channel (SL-SCH) and may use QPSK. SCI- 2  may not be associated with blind decoding, since an SCI- 2  format may be indicated in SCI- 1 , a number of REs may be derived from SCI- 1  content, and a starting location may be known. When an SL-SCH transmission is on two layers, SCI- 2  modulation symbols may be copied on both layers. 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  11    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to  FIG.  11   . 
     A UE, such as an IoT device or another type of low power device, may be capable of energy harvesting. The UE may harvest energy from signals (e.g., RF signals) transmitted to the UE from nodes, which may include other UEs and/or base stations. The UE receive the signals from the nodes, and the UE may derive energy from the signals. The UE may use harvested energy from the signals to perform communications, and/or charge a battery of the UE. An amount of energy that the UE may harvest from a signal may be based at least in part on a distance between the UE and a node that transmits the signal. For example, the UE may be able to harvest more energy from a signal that is transmitted from a node that is located relatively close to the UE, as opposed to a node that is located relatively far away from the UE. 
     One problem is that the UE may be unaware of nodes that are located relatively close to the UE. The UE may be unaware of which nodes are located relatively close by and may be used for energy harvesting. Further, even with nodes that are located relatively close to the UE, the UE may be unaware of which nodes are best suited for sending/transferring energy to the UE. For example, the UE may be surrounded by a plurality of nodes that potentially may be able to send/transfer energy to the UE, but the UE may be unaware of which nodes are best suited for sending/transferring energy to the UE. Different nodes may have different capabilities in terms of sending/transferring energy to the UE. Some nodes may be located relatively close to the UE, but other tasks performed by the nodes may prevent the nodes from sending/transferring energy to the UE. The UE may be unable to distinguish between which nodes to use for energy harvesting. 
     In various aspects of techniques and apparatuses described herein, a UE may receive, from a network node (e.g., a base station), an indication of a cluster of nodes that are configured to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE. The cluster of nodes may include one or more other UEs, CPEs, dedicated cells or devices, and/or network nodes. The cluster of nodes may be associated with positions that is within a range of a position associated with the UE. The cluster of nodes may include a plurality of nodes that are associated with a same zone identifier. The cluster of nodes may include a plurality of nodes that are associated with a same pathloss range in relation to the UE. The UE may receive, from the cluster of nodes, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes. The UE may receive the signals between a sidelink interface between the UE and each node in the cluster of nodes (e.g., when the cluster of nodes includes the other UEs). The UE may harvest energy from the signals for charging a battery of the UE. In some aspects, the indication received from the base station may enable the UE to determine which nodes are to be used for energy harvesting. Otherwise, the UE may attempt to perform energy harvesting from nodes that are busy with other tasks and cannot provide signals with sufficient power to the UE, or the UE may attempt to perform energy harvesting from nodes that are located relatively far away from the UEs and thus transmit signals that provide relatively little power to the UE. 
       FIG.  12    is a diagram illustrating an example  1200  associated with harvesting energy from clusters of nodes, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG.  12   , example  1200  includes communication between a UE (e.g., UE  120   a , which may be an IoT device), a node (e.g., UE  120   e ), and a network node (e.g., base station  110 ). In some aspects, the UE, the node, and the network node may be included in a wireless network, such as wireless network  100 . The node may be included in a cluster of nodes. 
     In some aspects, the UE may be an IoT device or another type of low power device, which may be a piece of hardware, such as a sensor, actuator, gadget, appliance, or machine, that may be programmed for certain applications. The UE may receive and transmit data over the Internet or other networks. The UE may be a smart watch, smart eyewear, smart refrigerator, smart door lock, and so on. In some aspects, the UE may be a backscatter/tag. The backscatter/tag may receive a carrier wave from a backscatter reader, and the backscatter/tag may transmit a reflected signal to the backscatter reader. In some aspects, the UE may be an energy harvesting UE (e.g., a device that is able to receive energy). The UE may be an IoT device, a personal IoT (P-IoT) device, a zero power IoT device, an ambient IoT, a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag device, or a reduced capability UE. 
     As shown by reference number  1202 , the UE may receive, from a network node, an indication of a cluster of nodes that are configured to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE. The cluster of nodes may include one or more other UEs, CPEs, dedicated cells or devices, and/or network nodes. The cluster of nodes may be associated with a position that is within a range of a position associated with the UE. The cluster of nodes may include a plurality of nodes that are associated with a same zone identifier. The cluster of nodes may include a plurality of nodes that are associated with a same pathloss range in relation to the UE. In some aspects, the indication of the cluster of nodes may indicate a number of nodes from the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting or a maximum number of nodes from the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting. 
     In some aspects, multiple UEs may have a good source of power supply, and these UEs may be able to power other devices. The network node may divide the UEs into clusters or groups based at least in part on a positioning of the UEs relative to a UE that is to receive energy (e.g., an Rx power receiving IoT device, or an energy harvesting IoT device). Alternatively, a network unit, a controlling UE, a programmable logic controller (PLC), or a primary UE may divide the UEs into clusters/groups based at least in part on the positioning of the UEs. The network unit, the controlling UE, the PLC, or the primary UE may divide the UE based at least in part on coordination signaling between a network node (e.g., a gNB or network unit) and a PLC, sidelink UE, or primary UE. Alternatively, a network unit, a controlling UE, a PLC, or a primary UE may divide the UEs into clusters/groups based at least in part on the ability of such UEs to provide power to energy harvesting UEs/IoT devices at energy harvesting cycles of those devices. The energy harvesting devices may be associated/configured with certain energy harvesting cycles, and power providing UEs may be selected based at least in part on their ability/availability to provide wireless energy during the energy harvesting times of the energy harvesting devices. Energy harvesting times may refer to times during which the energy harvesting device may be configured or able to perform wireless harvesting from the network. In some aspects, the UE may be configured for energy harvesting. The energy harvesting may be an RF energy harvesting or another type of wireless energy charging, which may be provided from one device to another device. For example, the UE may be configured for laser or light energy harvesting, in which one device may transmit a laser beam to another device, and energy may be harvested from the laser beam. 
     In some aspects, the UE may be surrounded by K potential nodes for sending/transferring energy to the UE. Some of these nodes may be capable of powering other devices and may be a suitable power supply source, while other nodes may not be capable of powering other devices and may not be a suitable power supply source. The network node may divide the K potential nodes into clusters (or groups) of nodes, where nodes in a particular cluster may be capable of sending/transferring energy to the UE. In some aspects, the network node may divide the K potential nodes into different clusters based at least in part on a positioning of nodes relative to the UE. Nodes that are located relatively close together may be grouped together to form a cluster. In some aspects, the network node may cluster the K potential nodes based at least in part on different zones. For example, nodes associated with a same zone identifier may be grouped together to form a cluster. In some cases, multiple clusters per zone identifier may be used, based at least in part on a positioning of nodes. In some aspects, the network node may cluster the K potential nodes based at least in part on path losses to the UE and power headroom reports associated with different nodes. For example, nodes associated with a similar pathloss to the UE (e.g., pathlosses that are all within a certain range) may imply that the nodes are located relatively close to each other, so these nodes may be grouped together to form a cluster. The network node may transmit, to the UE, the indication of the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting at the UE based at least in part the clustering of the nodes, as performed by the network node. In some aspects, the indication of the cluster of nodes may indicate a selection of Z nodes from the K potential nodes, or a maximum of Z nodes from the K potential nodes, which may be used for energy harvesting at the UE. 
     In some aspects, the network node may select more than one cluster of nodes to power the UE. In some aspects, the network node may select a subset of nodes from the cluster of nodes across multiple clusters to power the UE. The network node may transmit, to the UE, the indication of the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting at the UE, which may indicate the more than one cluster of nodes or the subset of nodes. 
     In some aspects, the network node may associate a priority level to the cluster of nodes, which may be in relation to other clusters of nodes. The priority level associated with energy transfer or the priority level selected for the cluster of nodes (e.g., selecting a high priority level) may be based at least in part on a priority of data that should be collected (or received) or transmitted (e.g., communicated) by the UE, and/or based at least in part on an application used by the UE. The priority level may be based at least in part on a capability of the cluster of nodes in transferring a certain amount of energy to the UE, or a capability of the cluster of nodes to be engaged in transferring energy to the UE. The capability may be associated with transmitting power levels or amounts of power that could be used in energy transfer, or the capability may be associated with periods of time that a node within the cluster of nodes could be engaged in energy transfer. In one example, a first cluster of nodes that is capable of transmitting a greater amount of power over a period of time as compared to a second cluster of nodes may be associated with a higher priority than the second cluster of nodes. The network node may determine the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting at the UE based at least in part on priorities associated with different clusters of nodes. 
     In some aspects, the network node may order and/or update clusters of nodes based at least in part on the priority of the clusters of nodes in supplying power to the UE. The priority may be based at least in part on the capability of the cluster of nodes to send power to the UE or to be engaged in charging the UE. The network node may transmit, to the UE, the indication of the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting at the UE based at least in part on the ordering and/or updating of the clusters of nodes. 
     In some aspects, a band of operation of energy providing UEs and associated bandwidth parts (BWPs) or bandwidths, and a band or bands of collecting energy at an Rx energy harvesting UE (e.g., energy harvesting bands or BWPs or bandwidths) may be defined. A clustering (or adding a UE to a cluster) or order or priority of a cluster may be based at least in part on having the same transmit band/BWP, or based at least in part on having a defined amount of overlap in a transmit BWP. The transmit BWP may be associated with an uplink BWP, a sidelink BWP, a sidelink bandwidth, or energy transmit band(s) or bandwidths or BWPs, which may be different from uplink or sidelink bands or BWPs, or may overlap with the uplink or sidelink bands or BWPs. For example, an energy providing UE may have certain dedicated bands or BWPs or bandwidths to provide energy, which may be based at least in part on a capability reported over time via layer 1 (L1), layer 2 (L2), or layer 3 (L3) signaling. The dedicated bands or BWPs or bandwidths to provide energy may change a cluster of UEs, or may determine whether a particular UE is allowed to be part of a certain cluster. In some aspects, a priority/order given to different power providing UEs or clusters may be assigned/given to power/energy providing UEs or clusters based at least in part on an overlap between the energy transmit band (e.g., assuming the energy will be transmitted on certain bands/BWPs/bandwidths by such UEs), or BWP or bandwidth (of UEs within cluster), and a receive energy band or BWP or bandwidth of an energy harvesting UE. 
     In some aspects, a priority associated with a cluster may increase based at least in part on a higher charging rate or power/energy (or expected or predicted values of such quantities) provided by the cluster to energy harvesting UEs. In some aspects, clusters may be ordered/updated based at least in part on a priority of a supplying power. The supplying power may be measured by a capability of underlying UEs/CPEs to transmit power (during times when energy is needed) or to be engaged in charging (during times when energy is needed), or to satisfy a certain charging rate requirement or input power to energy harvesting circuits at energy harvesting UEs. 
     In some aspects, the UE and/or the network node may receive, from a node in the cluster of nodes, an indication of a capability of the node. The UE and/or the network node may receive the indication of the capability of the node via L1, L2, or L3 signaling. The indication of the capability of the node may indicate an offer of a target power for the UE, an offer of a charging rate, an offer of a charging time, and/or an offer of a maximum charging transmit power within a time period. The indication may be based at least in part on other tasks to be performed at the node. The indication may be associated with a validity time. The UE and/or the network node may receive, from the node in the cluster of nodes, an updated indication after an expiration of the validity time or within the validity time. In other words, the capability of the node may change over time. The network node may transmit, to the UE, the indication of the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting at the UE based at least in part on the indication received from the node in the cluster of nodes. 
     In some aspects, the UE may receive the indication of the capability of the node via L1, L2, or L3 signaling. The UE may receive, from the network node, the indication of the capability based at least in part on downlink control information (DCI), a dedicated PDSCH for a purpose of sharing a capability, a medium access control control element (MAC-CE), RRC signaling, initial access messages, and/or capability information. The capability information may be in response to a capability enquiry or user assistance information. In some aspects, the UE may receive, from the node (e.g., another UE, such as a primary UE) via a sidelink interface, the indication of the capability based at least in part on sidelink control information (SCI), a dedicated PDSCH for a purpose of sharing a capability, a PC5-MAC-CE, PC5-RRC signaling, user assistance information, initial access messages, and/or capability information as a response to a capability enquiry. In some aspects, the UE may receive, from the network node or the node, indications of clusters of nodes and/or capabilities of nodes via a new interface, link, and/or modem. Further, an energy transfer may not be limited through a Uu link/modem/interface, a sidelink/modem/interface, and/or a new link/modem/interface. 
     In some aspects, the UE and/or the network node may receive, from the node in the cluster of nodes, a power headroom report associated with the node. A maximum power offered by the node for energy harvesting may be based at least in part on the power headroom report associated with the node. The network node may transmit, to the UE, the indication of the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting at the UE based at least in part on the power headroom report received from the node in the cluster of nodes. 
     In some aspects, since the node may be busy performing other tasks, the node may offer a certain target power (Po) to the UE, a certain charging rate, a certain charging time (or charging offering time), and/or a maximum charging transmit power within a time interval of X millisecond/slots/symbols/time units. The offer of the certain time power, the certain charging rate, the certain charging time, or the maximum charging transmit power may indicate charging capabilities associated with the node and whether the node is suitable to charge the UE. The node may indicate various offers related to charging capability, such as the charging offering time, and other parameters. The indication of the offers related to charging capability may be valid for a certain time period. For example, the node may update an instant value used for energy transfer within the charging offering time. After the certain time period has expired (e.g., the indication of the offers related to the charging capability is no longer valid), the node may indicate another offer related to charging capability. After the certain time period has expired and another offer related to charging capability has not been indicated, the network node and/or UE may assume that the node is currently not available for charging the UE. 
     In some aspects, the node may transmit the maximum charging transmit power and the charging rate. When the UE is able to determine a pathloss to the node and a transmit power, the UE may be able to estimate the charging rate based at least in part on the pathloss and the transmit power. In some aspects, since the node may be involved in other tasks, the node may transmit the power headroom report to the network node and/or the UE. The power headroom report may be different than an indication of a maximum power that the node will use for charging. The network node and/or the UE may determine, based at least in part on the power headroom report, whether the maximum power offered by the node for energy harvesting is likely to be used or not. Further, the node may continually update the maximum power offered for energy harvesting, based at least in part on changes to a power headroom of the node. 
     In some aspects, the cluster of nodes may be based at least in part on CSI associated with the cluster of nodes. For example, the network node may determine an instantaneous CSI or an average CSI associated with links between the UE and the cluster of nodes, which may enable the network node to determine that the cluster of nodes is well suited to provide power to the UE. 
     In some aspects, the UE, rather than the network node, may determine the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting. The UE may determine the cluster of nodes based at least in part on positions associated with nodes in relation to the UE, zone identifiers associated with the nodes, path losses associated with the nodes, capabilities associated with the nodes with respect to charging the UE, and/or CSI associated with the nodes. The UE may determine the cluster of nodes based at least in part on indications of offers received from the nodes, as well as power headroom reports received from the nodes. In some aspects, the UE may be a decision maker with regards to forming the cluster of nodes, as opposed to the network node. 
     In some aspects, the UE may transmit, to the network node, an indication of potential clusters of nodes to be used for energy harvesting. The indication received from the network node may be based at least in part on the indication of potential clusters of nodes. For example, the UE may send a list of different combinations of nodes that may potentially be clustered together to form the cluster of nodes. Further, the UE may transmit, to the network node, an indication of a best node from the list of different combinations of nodes, where the best node may be capable of providing a best target power, charging rate, charging time, maximum charging transmit power, etc., as compared to other nodes. The network node may select the cluster of nodes based at least in part on the indication of potential clusters of nodes, as received from the UE. 
     In some aspects, the UE may receive the indication of the cluster of nodes from the network node, where the indication may indicate an assignment of time division multiplexing (TDM) or frequency division multiplexing (FDM) on orthogonal resources for receiving the signals associated with the energy harvesting. The network node may request the cluster of nodes to perform a single frequency network (SFN)-like energy flooding or assign TDM/FDM on the orthogonal resources. The UE may harvest energy from the signals in an analog domain. 
     In some aspects, the UE may receive energy (or data) from the cluster of nodes. In this case, the cluster of nodes may be associated with a higher priority, as compared to other clusters of nodes, based at least in part on the cluster of nodes sending the energy (or data) to the UE. In other words, when the cluster of nodes sends data to the UE, the cluster of nodes may be given the higher priority in charging and obtaining data resources, which may provide a motivation to nodes to charge other devices. 
     In some aspects, the network node may transmit, to the cluster of nodes, an indication that the cluster of nodes are to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE. In other words, after selecting the cluster of nodes, the network node may instruct the cluster of nodes to send/transfer energy to the UE. 
     As shown by reference number  1204 , the UE may receive, from the cluster of nodes that includes the node, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes. In some aspects, the UE may receive the signals via a sidelink interface between the UE and the cluster of nodes, when the cluster of nodes correspond to other UEs. For example, the UE may have a separate sidelink interface with each node in the cluster of nodes. The UE may receive the signals via an interface other than a sidelink interface when the cluster of nodes correspond to CPEs, dedicated cells, or network nodes. The cluster of nodes may transmit, to the UE, the signals based at least in part on the indication that the cluster of nodes received from the network node. Alternatively, the UE may receive the signals from the cluster of nodes, as determined by the UE. The signals may be RF signals. In some aspects, the UE may receive the signals from a subset of nodes in the cluster of nodes, or the UE may receive the signals from multiple clusters of nodes. 
     As shown by reference number  1206 , the UE may harvest energy from the signals for charging a battery of the UE. For example, the UE may generate energy from the signals received from the cluster of nodes. The UE may use the energy to charge a battery of the UE. As a result, the UE may harvest energy from the cluster of nodes, which may be located relatively close to the UE and capable of charging the UE. 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  12    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to  FIG.  12   . 
       FIG.  13    is a diagram illustrating an example  1300  associated with harvesting energy from clusters of nodes, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG.  13   , a UE (e.g., an IoT device) may be associated with multiple clusters of nodes, such as a first cluster of nodes and a second cluster of nodes. The first cluster of nodes may be associated with a same zone identifier, and the second cluster of nodes may be associated with a same zone identifier, where the zone identifier associated with the first cluster of nodes may be different than the zone identifier associated with the second cluster of nodes. The first cluster of nodes and/or the second cluster of nodes may transmit signals to the UE, based at least in part on an indication received from a base station or a determination made by the UE. The UE may harvest energy from the signals received from the first cluster of nodes and/or the second cluster of nodes. The UE may charge a battery of the UE using the harvested energy. 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  13    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to  FIG.  13   . 
       FIG.  14    is a diagram illustrating an example process  1400  performed, for example, by a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process  1400  is an example where the UE (e.g., UE  120 ) performs operations associated with harvesting energy from clusters of nodes. 
     As shown in  FIG.  14   , in some aspects, process  1400  may include receiving, from a network node, an indication of a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE (block  1410 ). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager  140  and/or reception component  1602 , depicted in  FIG.  16   ) may receive, from a network node, an indication of a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE, as described above in connection with  FIGS.  12 - 13   . 
     As further shown in  FIG.  14   , in some aspects, process  1400  may include receiving, from the cluster of nodes, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes (block  1420 ). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager  140  and/or reception component  1602 , depicted in  FIG.  16   ) may receive, from the cluster of nodes, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes, as described above in connection with  FIGS.  12 - 13   . 
     As further shown in  FIG.  14   , in some aspects, process  1400  may include harvesting energy from the signals for charging a battery of the UE (block  1430 ). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager  140  and/or harvesting component  1608 , depicted in  FIG.  16   ) may harvest energy from the signals for charging a battery of the UE, as described above in connection with  FIGS.  12 - 13   . 
     Process  1400  may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein. 
     In a first aspect, the cluster of nodes is associated with a position that is within a range of a position associated with the UE. 
     In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the cluster of nodes includes a plurality of nodes that are associated with a same zone identifier. 
     In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the cluster of nodes includes a plurality of nodes that are associated with a same pathloss range in relation to the UE. 
     In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the cluster of nodes includes one or more of other UEs and the signals are received via a sidelink, CPEs, dedicated cells or devices, or network nodes, and the UE is an IoT device. 
     In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the cluster of nodes is associated with a priority level in relation to other clusters of nodes, and the priority level is based at least in part on a capability of the cluster of nodes in transferring a certain amount of energy to the UE or a capability of the cluster of nodes to be engaged in transferring energy to the UE, and the capability is associated with transmitting power levels or amounts of power useable for energy transfer or periods of time that a node within the cluster of nodes is available for the energy transfer, and the priority level is based at least in part on a priority of data to be communicated by the UE or an application used by the UE. 
     In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process  1400  includes receiving the signals from a subset of nodes in the cluster of nodes, or receiving the signals from multiple clusters of nodes. 
     In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process  1400  includes receiving, from a node in the cluster of nodes, an indication of a capability of the node that includes one or more of an offer of a target power for the UE, an offer of a charging rate or a charging time, or an offer of a maximum charging transmit power within a time period, wherein the indication is based at least in part on other tasks to be performed at the node, and the indication is associated with a validity time. 
     In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, process  1400  includes receiving, from a node in the cluster of nodes, an indication of a capability of the node that includes one or more of: an offer of a target power for the UE, an offer of a charging rate or a charging time, or an offer of a maximum charging transmit power within a time period, wherein the indication is based at least in part on other tasks to be performed at the node, and the indication is associated with a validity time. 
     In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, process  1400  includes receiving, from a node in the cluster of nodes, an indication of a power headroom associated with the node, wherein a maximum power offered by the node for energy harvesting is based at least in part on the power headroom associated with the node. 
     In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the cluster of nodes is based at least in part on CSIs associated with the cluster of nodes. 
     In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, process  1400  includes transmitting, to the network node, an indication of potential clusters of nodes to be used for energy harvesting, wherein the indication received from the network node is based at least in part on the indication of potential clusters of nodes. 
     In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the indication of the cluster of nodes indicates a number of nodes from the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting or a maximum number of nodes from the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting. 
     In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the indication of the cluster of nodes indicates an assignment of TDM or FDM on orthogonal resources for receiving the signals associated with the energy harvesting, and the energy harvesting occurs in an analog domain. 
     In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, process  1400  includes receiving energy from the cluster of nodes, wherein the cluster of nodes is associated with a higher priority, as compared to other clusters of nodes, based at least in part on the cluster of nodes sending the energy to the UE. 
     Although  FIG.  14    shows example blocks of process  1400 , in some aspects, process  1400  may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in  FIG.  14   . Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process  1400  may be performed in parallel. 
       FIG.  15    is a diagram illustrating an example process  1500  performed, for example, by a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process  1500  is an example where the network node (e.g., base station  110 ) performs operations associated with harvesting energy from clusters of nodes. 
     As shown in  FIG.  15   , in some aspects, process  1500  may include determining a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to a UE for energy harvesting at the UE (block  1510 ). For example, the network node (e.g., using communication manager  150  and/or determination component  1708 , depicted in  FIG.  17   ) may determine a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to a UE for energy harvesting at the UE, as described above in connection with  FIGS.  12 - 13   . 
     As further shown in  FIG.  15   , in some aspects, process  1500  may include transmitting, to the UE, an indication of the cluster of nodes, wherein the signals from the cluster of nodes enable the energy harvesting at the UE (block  1520 ). For example, the network node (e.g., using communication manager  150  and/or transmission component  1704 , depicted in  FIG.  17   ) may transmit, to the UE, an indication of the cluster of nodes, wherein the signals from the cluster of nodes enable the energy harvesting at the UE, as described above in connection with  FIGS.  12 - 13   . 
     Process  1500  may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein. 
     In a first aspect, process  1500  includes determining the cluster of nodes based at least in part on one or more of a position associated with the cluster of nodes in relation to a position associated with the UE, a zone identifier associated with the cluster of nodes, or a pathloss associated with the cluster of nodes. 
     In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process  1500  includes receiving, from a node in the cluster of nodes, an indication of a capability of the node that includes one or more of an offer of a target power for the UE, an offer of a charging rate or a charging time, or an offer of a maximum charging transmit power within a time period, wherein the cluster of nodes is based at least in part on the indication of the capability of the node. 
     Although  FIG.  15    shows example blocks of process  1500 , in some aspects, process  1500  may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in  FIG.  15   . Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process  1500  may be performed in parallel. 
       FIG.  16    is a diagram of an example apparatus  1600  for wireless communication. The apparatus  1600  may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus  1600 . In some aspects, the apparatus  1600  includes a reception component  1602  and a transmission component  1604 , which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components). As shown, the apparatus  1600  may communicate with another apparatus  1606  (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component  1602  and the transmission component  1604 . As further shown, the apparatus  1600  may include the communication manager  140 . The communication manager  140  may include a harvesting component  1608 , among other examples. 
     In some aspects, the apparatus  1600  may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with  FIGS.  12 - 13   . Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus  1600  may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process  1400  of  FIG.  14   . In some aspects, the apparatus  1600  and/or one or more components shown in  FIG.  16    may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with  FIG.  2   . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in  FIG.  16    may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with  FIG.  2   . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component. 
     The reception component  1602  may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus  1606 . The reception component  1602  may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus  1600 . In some aspects, the reception component  1602  may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus  1600 . In some aspects, the reception component  1602  may include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with  FIG.  2   . 
     The transmission component  1604  may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus  1606 . In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus  1600  may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component  1604  for transmission to the apparatus  1606 . In some aspects, the transmission component  1604  may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus  1606 . In some aspects, the transmission component  1604  may include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with  FIG.  2   . In some aspects, the transmission component  1604  may be co-located with the reception component  1602  in a transceiver. 
     The reception component  1602  may receive, from a network node, an indication of a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE. The reception component  1602  may receive, from the cluster of nodes, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes. The harvesting component  1608  may harvest energy from the signals for charging a battery of the UE. 
     The reception component  1602  may receive the signals from a subset of nodes in the cluster of nodes. The reception component  1602  may receive the signals from multiple clusters of nodes. The reception component  1602  may receive, from a node in the cluster of nodes, an indication of a capability of the node that includes one or more of: an offer of a target power for the UE, an offer of a charging rate or a charging time, or an offer of a maximum charging transmit power within a time period, wherein the indication is based at least in part on other tasks to be performed at the node, and the indication is associated with a validity time. The reception component  1602  may receive, from the node in the cluster of nodes, an updated indication after an expiration of the validity time or within the validity time. The reception component  1602  may receive, from a node in the cluster of nodes, an indication of a power headroom associated with the node, wherein a maximum power offered by the node for energy harvesting is based at least in part on the power headroom associated with the node. 
     The transmission component  1604  may transmit, to the network node, an indication of potential clusters of nodes to be used for energy harvesting, wherein the indication received from the network node is based at least in part on the indication of potential clusters of nodes. The reception component  1602  may receive energy from the cluster of nodes, wherein the cluster of nodes is associated with a higher priority, as compared to other clusters of nodes, based at least in part on the cluster of nodes sending the energy to the UE. 
     The number and arrangement of components shown in  FIG.  16    are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in  FIG.  16   . Furthermore, two or more components shown in  FIG.  16    may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in  FIG.  16    may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in  FIG.  16    may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in  FIG.  16   . 
       FIG.  17    is a diagram of an example apparatus  1700  for wireless communication. The apparatus  1700  may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus  1700 . In some aspects, the apparatus  1700  includes a reception component  1702  and a transmission component  1704 , which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components). As shown, the apparatus  1700  may communicate with another apparatus  1706  (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component  1702  and the transmission component  1704 . As further shown, the apparatus  1700  may include the communication manager  150 . The communication manager  150  may include a determination component  1708 , among other examples. 
     In some aspects, the apparatus  1700  may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with  FIGS.  12 - 13   . Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus  1700  may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process  1500  of  FIG.  15   . In some aspects, the apparatus  1700  and/or one or more components shown in  FIG.  17    may include one or more components of the base station described in connection with  FIG.  2   . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in  FIG.  17    may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with  FIG.  2   . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component. 
     The reception component  1702  may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus  1706 . The reception component  1702  may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus  1700 . In some aspects, the reception component  1702  may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus  1700 . In some aspects, the reception component  1702  may include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the base station described in connection with  FIG.  2   . 
     The transmission component  1704  may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus  1706 . In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus  1700  may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component  1704  for transmission to the apparatus  1706 . In some aspects, the transmission component  1704  may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus  1706 . In some aspects, the transmission component  1704  may include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the base station described in connection with  FIG.  2   . In some aspects, the transmission component  1704  may be co-located with the reception component  1702  in a transceiver. 
     The determination component  1708  may determine a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to a UE for energy harvesting at the UE. The transmission component  1704  may transmit, to the UE, an indication of the cluster of nodes, wherein the signals from the cluster of nodes enable the energy harvesting at the UE. 
     The determination component  1708  may determine the cluster of nodes based at least in part on one or more of: a position associated with the cluster of nodes in relation to a position associated with the UE, a zone identifier associated with the cluster of nodes, or a pathloss associated with the cluster of nodes. The reception component  1702  may receive, from a node in the cluster of nodes, an indication of a capability of the node that includes one or more of: an offer of a target power for the UE, an offer of a charging rate or a charging time, or an offer of a maximum charging transmit power within a time period, wherein the cluster of nodes is based at least in part on the indication of the capability of the node. 
     The number and arrangement of components shown in  FIG.  17    are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in  FIG.  17   . Furthermore, two or more components shown in  FIG.  17    may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in  FIG.  17    may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in  FIG.  17    may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in  FIG.  17   . 
       FIG.  18    is a diagram illustrating an example  1800  of a disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS, e.g., base station  110 ), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), eNB, NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), a TRP, a cell, or the like) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station. 
     An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual centralized unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU). 
     Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an IAB network, an O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit. 
     The disaggregated base station architecture shown in  FIG.  18    may include one or more CUs  1810  that can communicate directly with a core network  1820  via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network  1820  through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-RT RIC  1825  via an E2 link, or a Non-RT RIC  1815  associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework  1805 , or both). A CU  1810  may communicate with one or more DUs  1830  via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs  1830  may communicate with one or more RUs  1840  via respective fronthaul links. The RUs  1840  may communicate with respective UEs  120  via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE  120  may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs  1840 . 
     Each of the units (e.g., the CUs  1810 , the DUs  1830 , the RUs  1840 ), as well as the Near-RT RICs  1825 , the Non-RT RICs  1815 , and the SMO Framework  1805 , may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units. 
     In some aspects, the CU  1810  may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include RRC, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU  1810 . The CU  1810  may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU  1810  can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU  1810  can be implemented to communicate with the DU  1830 , as necessary, for network control and signaling. 
     The DU  1830  may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs  1840 . In some aspects, the DU  1830  may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3GPP. In some aspects, the DU  1830  may further host one or more low-PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU  1830 , or with the control functions hosted by the CU  1810 . 
     Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs  1840 . In some deployments, an RU  1840 , controlled by a DU  1830 , may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU(s)  1840  can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs  120 . In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s)  1840  can be controlled by the corresponding DU  1830 . In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU(s)  1830  and the CU  1810  to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture. 
     The SMO Framework  1805  may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework  1805  may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework  1805  may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud)  1890 ) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs  1810 , DUs  1830 , RUs  1840  and Near-RT RICs  1825 . In some implementations, the SMO Framework  1805  can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB)  1811 , via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework  1805  can communicate directly with one or more RUs  1840  via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework  1805  also may include a Non-RT RIC  1815  configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework  1805 . 
     The Non-RT RIC  1815  may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications/features in the Near-RT RIC  1825 . The Non-RT RIC  1815  may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an AI interface) the Near-RT RIC  1825 . The Near-RT RIC  1825  may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs  1810 , one or more DUs  1830 , or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC  1825 . 
     In some implementations, to generate AI/ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC  1825 , the Non-RT RIC  1815  may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC  1825  and may be received at the SMO Framework  1805  or the Non-RT RIC  1815  from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC  1815  or the Near-RT RIC  1825  may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC  1815  may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework  1805  (such as reconfiguration via  01 ) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as AI policies). 
     As indicated above,  FIG.  18    is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to  FIG.  18   . 
     The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure: 
     Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving, from a network node, an indication of a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to the UE for energy harvesting at the UE; receiving, from the cluster of nodes, the signals based at least in part on the indication of the cluster of nodes; and harvesting energy from the signals for charging a battery of the UE. 
     Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the cluster of nodes is associated with a position that is within a range of a position associated with the UE. 
     Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 2, wherein the cluster of nodes includes a plurality of nodes that are associated with a same zone identifier. 
     Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 3, wherein the cluster of nodes includes a plurality of nodes that are associated with a same pathloss range in relation to the UE. 
     Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 4, wherein the cluster of nodes includes one or more of: other UEs and the signals are received via a sidelink, customer premises equipments, dedicated cells or devices, or network nodes, and the UE is an Internet of Things device. 
     Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 5, wherein the cluster of nodes is associated with a priority level in relation to other clusters of nodes, wherein the priority level is based at least in part on a priority of data to be communicated by the UE or an application used by the UE, wherein the priority level is based at least in part on a capability of the cluster of nodes in transferring a certain amount of energy to the UE or a capability of the cluster of nodes to be engaged in transferring energy to the UE, and wherein the capability is associated with transmitting power levels or amounts of power useable for energy transfer or periods of time that a node within the cluster of nodes is available for the energy transfer. 
     Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 6, wherein receiving the signals comprises: receiving the signals from a subset of nodes in the cluster of nodes; or receiving the signals from multiple clusters of nodes. 
     Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 7, further comprising: receiving, from a node in the cluster of nodes, an indication of a capability of the node that includes one or more of: an offer of a target power for the UE, an offer of a charging rate or a charging time, or an offer of a maximum charging transmit power within a time period, wherein the indication is based at least in part on other tasks to be performed at the node, and wherein the indication is associated with a validity time. 
     Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 8, wherein the indication is associated with a validity time, and further comprising receiving, from the node in the cluster of nodes, an updated indication after an expiration of the validity time or within the validity time. 
     Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 9, further comprising: receiving, from a node in the cluster of nodes, an indication of a power headroom associated with the node, wherein a maximum power offered by the node for energy harvesting is based at least in part on the power headroom associated with the node. 
     Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 10, wherein the cluster of nodes is based at least in part on channel state information associated with the cluster of nodes. 
     Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 11, further comprising: transmitting, to the network node, an indication of potential clusters of nodes to be used for energy harvesting, wherein the indication received from the network node is based at least in part on the indication of potential clusters of nodes. 
     Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 12, wherein the indication of the cluster of nodes indicates a number of nodes from the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting or a maximum number of nodes from the cluster of nodes to be used for energy harvesting. 
     Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 13, wherein the indication of the cluster of nodes indicates an assignment of time division multiplexing or frequency division multiplexing on orthogonal resources for receiving the signals associated with the energy harvesting, and wherein the energy harvesting occurs in an analog domain. 
     Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1 through 14, further comprising: receiving energy from the cluster of nodes, wherein the cluster of nodes is associated with a higher priority, as compared to other clusters of nodes, based at least in part on the cluster of nodes sending the energy to the UE. 
     Aspect 16: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: determining a cluster of nodes that are able to provide signals to a user equipment (UE) for energy harvesting at the UE; and transmitting, to the UE, an indication of the cluster of nodes, wherein the signals from the cluster of nodes enable the energy harvesting at the UE. 
     Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 16, wherein determining the cluster of nodes comprises determining the cluster of nodes based at least in part on one or more of: a position associated with the cluster of nodes in relation to a position associated with the UE, a zone identifier associated with the cluster of nodes, or a pathloss associated with the cluster of nodes. 
     Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 16 through 17, further comprising: receiving, from a node in the cluster of nodes, an indication of a capability of the node that includes one or more of: an offer of a target power for the UE, an offer of a charging rate or a charging time, or an offer of a maximum charging transmit power within a time period, wherein the cluster of nodes is based at least in part on the indication of the capability of the node. 
     Aspect 19: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15. 
     Aspect 20: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15. 
     Aspect 21: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15. 
     Aspect 22: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15. 
     Aspect 23: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15. 
     Aspect 24: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 16-18. 
     Aspect 25: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 16-18. 
     Aspect 26: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 16-18. 
     Aspect 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 16-18. 
     Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 16-18. 
     The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects. 
     As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and/or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and/or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, since those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and/or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. 
     As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like. 
     Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c). 
     No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B). Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).