Patent Publication Number: US-2022217871-A1

Title: Embedded and immersed heat pipes in automated driving system computers

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/730,490, filed on Dec. 30, 2019, entitled, EMBEDDED AND IMMERSED HEAT PIPES IN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM COMPUTERS, which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure generally relates to thermal management for automated driving system computers. 
     BACKGROUND 
     An autonomous vehicle is a motorized vehicle that can navigate without a human driver. An exemplary autonomous vehicle can include various sensors, such as a camera sensor, a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor, and a radio detection and ranging (RADAR) sensor, amongst others. The sensors collect data and measurements that the autonomous vehicle can use for operations such as navigation. The sensors can provide the data and measurements to an automated driving system computer (ADSC) of the autonomous vehicle, which can use the data and measurements to control a mechanical system of the autonomous vehicle, such as a vehicle propulsion system, a braking system, or a steering system. Typically, the ADSC is a high performance computing system with a wide array of electronic and compute components and systems that work together to perform a number of complex operations for the autonomous vehicle and control various systems on the autonomous vehicle. 
     While high performance computing systems are available in consumer and enterprise applications, such computing systems are not equipped to handle the harsh and often unpredictable operating conditions of vehicles. For example, autonomous vehicles and internal components of autonomous vehicles, such as ADSCs, can experience a variety of harsh and often hazardous environmental and operating conditions such as extreme temperatures (e.g., extreme hot and/or cold temperatures), extreme temperature fluctuations, weather elements (e.g., wind, rain, snow, ice, humidity, etc.), potentially harmful environmental particles or matter (e.g., dust, dirt, grease, etc.), damaging forces (e.g., shock, vibrations, impacts, collisions, etc.), water, rough terrains, and other harsh or hazardous environmental and operating conditions. 
     In the autonomous vehicle context, thermal management of electronic and compute components and systems in ADSCs is particularly challenging as electronic and compute components are vulnerable to, and generally ill-suited to handle, the harsh and extreme weather and temperature conditions experienced by autonomous vehicles. Indeed, the electronic and compute components available can succumb to the harsh and extreme weather and temperature conditions experienced in the operational domain of autonomous vehicles. What is needed in the art is thermal management technologies that enable ADSCs and internal ADSC components to manage and withstand the difficult conditions experienced in the operational domain of autonomous vehicles. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The various advantages and features of the present technology will become apparent by reference to specific implementations illustrated in the appended drawings. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that these drawings only show some examples of the present technology and would not limit the scope of the present technology to these examples. Furthermore, the skilled artisan will appreciate the principles of the present technology as described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example autonomous vehicle environment including a computing system in communication with an autonomous vehicle; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram illustrating an example configuration of an autonomous driving system computer that can be implemented in an autonomous vehicle, in accordance with some examples; 
         FIGS. 3 through 7  are schematic diagrams illustrating example configurations of an enhanced cold plate that uses heat pipes for thermal management and can be implemented in an autonomous driving system computer, in accordance with some examples; 
         FIGS. 8 through 12  are schematic diagrams illustrating example configurations of an enhanced cold plate that uses vapor chamber for thermal management and can be implemented in an autonomous driving system computer, in accordance with some examples; 
         FIGS. 13A and 13B  are diagrams illustrating example heat management flows in example enhanced cold plates for an autonomous driving system computer, in accordance with some examples; 
         FIGS. 14 and 15  illustrate example methods for thermal management using enhanced cold plates for automated driving system computers, in accordance with some examples; and 
         FIG. 16  illustrates an example computing system architecture for implementing various aspects of the present technology. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various examples of the present technology are discussed in detail below. While specific implementations are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustration purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations may be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the present technology. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more aspects. Further, it is to be understood that functionality that is described as being carried out by certain system components may be performed by more or fewer components than shown. 
     The disclosed technologies address a need in the art for improved thermal management strategies for automated driving system computers (ADSCs) and ADSC compute and electronic components. As previously explained, autonomous vehicles and ADSCs can experience a variety of harsh and often hazardous environmental and operating conditions such as extreme temperatures, extreme temperature fluctuations, weather elements (e.g., wind, rain, snow, ice, humidity, etc.), harmful environmental particles or matter (e.g., dust, dirt, grease, etc.), damaging forces (e.g., shock, vibrations, impacts, collisions, etc.), water, rough terrains, and other harsh or hazardous environmental and operating conditions. As a result, thermal management of electronic and compute components in ADSCs can be very challenging as electronic and compute components are vulnerable to, and generally ill-suited to handle, the harsh and extreme weather and temperature conditions experienced by autonomous vehicles. 
     The approaches herein can provide thermal management strategies and technologies that can enable ADSCs and internal ADSC components (e.g., internal electronic and compute components) to handle and withstand the difficult conditions experienced in the operational domain of autonomous vehicles. In some examples, the approaches herein can implement enhanced cold plates in ADSCs designed to provide enhanced thermal management benefits to internal components in the ADSCs and can allow the internal components to handle and withstand harsh and extreme weather, temperature, and other environmental conditions experienced by ADSCs in autonomous vehicles. 
     In the following disclosure, systems and methods are provided for thermal management in ADSCs and associated compute and electronic components. The present technologies will be described in the following disclosure as follows. The discussion begins with a description of example autonomous vehicle environments and systems, technologies and techniques for thermal management of ADSCs and ADSC internal components, as illustrated in  FIGS. 1 through 12 . A description of example flows and methods for thermal management of ADSCs and ADSC internal components, as illustrated in  FIGS. 13A through 15 , will then follow. The discussion concludes with a description of an example computing device architecture, including example hardware components that can be implemented in ADSCs, as illustrated in  FIG. 16 . The disclosure now turns to  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example autonomous vehicle environment  100 . The example autonomous vehicle environment  100  includes an autonomous vehicle  102 , a remote computing system  150 , and a ridesharing application  170 . The autonomous vehicle  102 , remote computing system  150 , and ridesharing application  170  can communicate with each other over one or more networks, such as a public network (e.g., a public cloud, the Internet, etc.), a private network (e.g., a local area network, a private cloud, a virtual private network, etc.), and/or a hybrid network (e.g., a multi-cloud or hybrid cloud network, etc.). 
     The autonomous vehicle  102  can navigate about roadways without a human driver based on sensor signals generated by sensors  104 - 108  on the autonomous vehicle  102 . The sensors  104 - 108  on the autonomous vehicle  102  can include one or more types of sensors and can be arranged about the autonomous vehicle  102 . For example, the sensors  104 - 108  can include, without limitation, one or more inertial measuring units (IMUs), one or more image sensors (e.g., visible light image sensors, infrared image sensors, video camera sensors, surround view camera sensors, etc.), one or more light emitting sensors, one or more global positioning system (GPS) devices, one or more radars, one or more light detection and ranging sensors (LIDARs), one or more sonars, one or more accelerometers, one or more gyroscopes, one or more magnetometers, one or more altimeters, one or more tilt sensors, one or more motion detection sensors, one or more light sensors, one or more audio sensors, etc. In some implementations, sensor  104  can be a radar, sensor  106  can be a first image sensor (e.g., a visible light camera), and sensor  108  can be a second image sensor (e.g., a thermal camera). Other implementations can include any other number and type of sensors. 
     The autonomous vehicle  102  can include several mechanical systems that are used to effectuate motion of the autonomous vehicle  102 . For instance, the mechanical systems can include, but are not limited to, a vehicle propulsion system  130 , a braking system  132 , and a steering system  134 . The vehicle propulsion system  130  can include an electric motor, an internal combustion engine, or both. The braking system  132  can include an engine brake, brake pads, actuators, and/or any other suitable componentry configured to assist in decelerating the autonomous vehicle  102 . The steering system  134  includes suitable componentry configured to control the direction of movement of the autonomous vehicle  102  during navigation. 
     The autonomous vehicle  102  can include a safety system  136 . The safety system  136  can include lights and signal indicators, a parking brake, airbags, etc. The autonomous vehicle  102  can also include a cabin system  138 , which can include cabin temperature control systems, in-cabin entertainment systems, etc. 
     The autonomous vehicle  102  can include an automated driving system computer (ADSC)  110  in communication with the sensors  104 - 108  and the systems  130 ,  132 ,  134 ,  136 , and  138 . The ADSC  110  can include one or more internal computers and/or computing systems. Moreover, the ADSC  110  can include one or more compute components or processors such as, for example, one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more graphics processing units (GPUs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more image signal processors (ISPs), one or more Intellectual Property (IP) cores, one or more microprocessors, etc. The ADSC  110  can also include one or more hardware components and/or electronic circuits such as, for example, one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more storage devices, one or more memory devices, one or more communications devices (e.g., network interface card (NIC), wireless NIC, antenna, etc.), one or more sensors (e.g., image or camera sensor, radar sensor, LIDAR sensor, etc.), one or more GPS devices, etc. 
     In some examples, the ADSC  110  includes one or more processors and at least one memory for storing instructions executable by the one or more processors. The computer-executable instructions can make up one or more services for controlling the autonomous vehicle  102 , communicating with remote computing system  150 , receiving inputs from passengers or human co-pilots, logging metrics regarding data collected by sensors  104 - 108  and human co-pilots, etc. 
     In some cases, the ADSC  110  can include a control service  112  configured to control operation of the vehicle propulsion system  130 , the braking system  132 , the steering system  134 , the safety system  136 , and the cabin system  138 . The control service  112  can receive sensor signals from the sensors  104 - 108  can communicate with other services of the ADSC  110  to effectuate operation of the autonomous vehicle  102 . In some examples, control service  112  may carry out operations in concert with one or more other systems of autonomous vehicle  102 . 
     In some cases, the ADSC  110  can also include a constraint service  114  to facilitate safe propulsion of the autonomous vehicle  102 . The constraint service  116  includes instructions for activating a constraint based on a rule-based restriction upon operation of the autonomous vehicle  102 . For example, the constraint may be a restriction on navigation that is activated in accordance with protocols configured to avoid occupying the same space as other objects, abide by traffic laws, circumvent avoidance areas, etc. In some examples, the constraint service  114  can be part of the control service  112 . 
     The ADSC  110  can also include a communication service  116 . The communication service  116  can include software and/or hardware elements for transmitting and receiving signals to and from the remote computing system  150 . The communication service  116  can be configured to transmit information wirelessly over a network, for example, through an antenna array or interface that provides cellular (long-term evolution (LTE), 3 rd  Generation (3G), 5 th  Generation (5G), etc.) communication. 
     In some examples, one or more services of the ADSC  110  are configured to send and receive communications to remote computing system  150  for reporting data for training and evaluating machine learning algorithms, requesting assistance from remote computing system  150  or a human operator via remote computing system  150 , software service updates, ridesharing data, etc. 
     The ADSC  110  can also include a latency service  118 . The latency service  118  can utilize timestamps on communications to and from the remote computing system  150  to determine if a communication has been received from the remote computing system  150  in time to be useful. For example, when a service of the ADSC  110  requests feedback from remote computing system  150  on a time-sensitive process, the latency service  118  can determine if a response was timely received from remote computing system  150 , as information can quickly become too stale to be actionable. When the latency service  118  determines that a response has not been received within a threshold period of time, the latency service  118  can enable other systems of autonomous vehicle  102  or a passenger to make decisions or provide needed feedback. 
     The ADSC  110  can also include a user interface service  120  that can communicate with cabin system  138  to provide information or receive information to a human co-pilot or passenger. In some examples, a human co-pilot or passenger can be asked or requested to evaluate and override a constraint from constraint service  114 . In other examples, the human co-pilot or passenger may wish to provide an instruction to the autonomous vehicle  102  regarding destinations, requested routes, or other requested operations. 
     As described above, the remote computing system  150  can be configured to send and receive signals to and from the autonomous vehicle  102 . The signals can include, for example and without limitation, data reported for training and evaluating services such as machine learning services, data for requesting assistance from remote computing system  150  or a human operator, software service updates, rideshare data, commands or instructions, statistics, navigation data, vehicle data, etc. 
     The remote computing system  150  can include an analysis service  152  configured to receive data from autonomous vehicle  102  and analyze the data to train or evaluate machine learning algorithms for operating the autonomous vehicle  102 . The analysis service  152  can also perform analysis pertaining to data associated with one or more errors or constraints reported by autonomous vehicle  102 . 
     The remote computing system  150  can also include a user interface service  154  configured to present metrics, video, images, sounds reported from the autonomous vehicle  102  to an operator of remote computing system  150 , maps, routes, navigation data, notifications, user data, vehicle data, software data, and/or any other content. User interface service  154  can receive, from an operator, input instructions for the autonomous vehicle  102 . 
     The remote computing system  150  can also include an instruction service  156  for sending instructions regarding the operation of the autonomous vehicle  102 . For example, in response to an output of the analysis service  152  or user interface service  154 , instructions service  156  can prepare instructions to one or more services of the autonomous vehicle  102  or a co-pilot or passenger of the autonomous vehicle  102 . 
     The remote computing system  150  can also include a rideshare service  158  configured to interact with ridesharing applications  170  operating on computing devices, such as tablet computers, laptop computers, smartphones, head-mounted displays (HMDs), gaming systems, servers, smart devices, smart wearables, and/or any other computing devices. In some cases, such computing devices can be passenger computing devices. The rideshare service  158  can receive from passenger ridesharing app  170  requests, such as user requests to be picked up or dropped off, and can dispatch autonomous vehicle  102  for a requested trip. 
     The rideshare service  158  can also act as an intermediary between the ridesharing app  170  and the autonomous vehicle  102 . For example, rideshare service  158  can receive from a passenger instructions for the autonomous vehicle  102 , such as instructions to go around an obstacle, change routes, honk the horn, etc. The rideshare service  158  can provide such instructions to the autonomous vehicle  102  as requested. 
     The remote computing system  150  can also include a package service  162  configured to interact with the ridesharing application  170  and/or a delivery service  172  of the ridesharing application  170 . A user operating ridesharing application  170  can interact with the delivery service  172  to specify information regarding a package to be delivered using the autonomous vehicle  102 . The specified information can include, for example and without limitation, package dimensions, a package weight, a destination address, delivery instructions (e.g., a delivery time, a delivery note, a delivery constraint, etc.), and so forth. 
     The package service  162  can interact with the delivery service  172  to provide a package identifier to the user for package labeling and tracking. Package delivery service  172  can also inform a user of where to bring their labeled package for drop off. In some examples, a user can request the autonomous vehicle  102  come to a specific location, such as the user&#39;s location, to pick up the package. While delivery service  172  has been shown as part of the ridesharing application  170 , it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that delivery service  172  can be its own separate application. 
     One beneficial aspect of utilizing autonomous vehicle  102  for both ridesharing and package delivery is increased utilization of the autonomous vehicle  102 . Instruction service  156  can continuously keep the autonomous vehicle  102  engaged in a productive itinerary between rideshare trips by filling what otherwise would have been idle time with productive package delivery trips. 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram illustrating an example configuration of ADSC  110 . In this example, the ADSC  110  includes a chassis  210  for housing, stabilizing and protecting internal components of the ADSC  110 . In some cases, the chassis  210  can be a rugged enclosure designed for durability and the capacity to withstand extended use in harsh and/or unpredictable environments. For example, autonomous vehicles and the internal components of autonomous vehicles can experience a variety of environmental conditions such as, for example, extreme temperatures (e.g., extreme cold and hot temperatures), temperature fluctuations, wind, water and humidity, dust, dirt, grease, snow, ice, vibrations, shock, impacts, collisions, rough terrains, and other environmental hazards and conditions. Thus, the chassis  210  can be designed to stabilize the internal components of the ADSC  110  and protect them from such harsh conditions and environments. 
     The chassis  210  can house and stabilize computing components  202 A-N (collectively “ 202 ”), one or more enhanced cold plates  200  used to provide thermal management for the computing components  202 , and one or more power electronics components  212 , such as a power supply, for supplying power to the computing components  202 . 
     In some examples, some or all of the computing components  202  can be directly or indirectly mounted or coupled to the one or more enhanced cold plates  200 . In other examples, some or all of the computing components  202  can be mounted on, or coupled to, one or more structures and/or boards, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs), which can be directly or indirectly coupled to the one or more enhanced cold plates  200 . 
     The computing components  202  can include, for example and without limitation, one or more storage devices, one or more CPUs, one or more GPUs, one or more DSPs, one or more ISPs, one or more FPGAs, one or more ASICs, one or more controllers, one or more power electronics, one or more sensors, one or more memory devices (e.g., RAM, ROM, cache, and/or the like), one or more networking interfaces (e.g., wired and/or wireless communications interfaces and the like), and/or other electronic circuits or hardware, processing devices, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. As further described herein, the one or more enhanced cold plates  200  can include, for example and without limitation, one or more heat pipes, one or more vapor chambers, one or more fans, one or more fluid channels or tubes, one or more air channels, one or more heat sinks, one or more heat spreaders, one or more heat exchangers, one or more pumps, one or more reservoirs, one or more condensers, and/or one or more thermal management components or features. 
     In some examples, the one or more enhanced cold plates  200  can include a single enhanced cold plate. In other examples, the one or more enhanced cold plates  200  can include multiple enhanced cold plates. For example, in some cases, the chassis  210  can house a series, stack, cluster, or set of layers of enhanced cold plates used to provide thermal management for the computing components  202 . Moreover, the size and number of enhanced cold plates  200  implemented for the ADSC  110  can vary based on one or more factors such as, for example, thermal management requirements, number and/or type of electronic components (e.g., computing components  202 , etc.) in the ADSC  110 , power requirements associated with the ADSC  110 , size and/or shape of the ADSC  110 , type and/or characteristics of the autonomous vehicle  102  where the ADSC  110  is deployed, performance requirements associated with the ADSC  110 , space considerations, environmental factors, and/or any other factors that can impact the power, thermal, space, performance, and/or configuration requirements associated with the ADSC  110 . 
     In some examples, the chassis  210  can also house one or more other components such as, for example and without limitation, one or more fans, one or more heat sinks, one or more heat spreaders, one or more heat exchangers, one or more pumps, one or more reservoirs, one or more condensers, one or more thermal management components or features, one or more cables or wires, one or more interfaces, one or more control systems, other electronic circuits, other electronic hardware, tubing/pipes, etc. An illustrative example of computing device and hardware components that can be implemented by the ADSC  110  and housed by the chassis  210  are described below with respect to  FIG. 16 . 
     While the ADSC  110  is shown to include certain components, one of ordinary skill will appreciate that the ADSC  110  can include more or fewer components than those shown in  FIG. 2 . The components and arrangement of components shown in  FIG. 2  are provided as illustrative examples for clarity and explanation purposes. 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram illustrating an example configuration  300  of an enhanced cold plate  200  that can be implemented in the ADSC  110 . The enhanced cold plate  200  can provide various thermal management features and benefits for the computing components  202 A-N of the ADSC  110 . As previously explained, in some cases, the computing components  202 A-N can be directly or indirectly mounted or coupled to the enhanced cold plate  200  and, in other cases, the computing components  202 A-N can be mounted or coupled to one or more structures and/or boards, such as PCBs, which can be directly or indirectly coupled to the enhanced cold plate  200 . 
     In the example configuration  300  shown in  FIG. 3 , the enhanced cold plate  200  includes heat pipes  310 A-B (collectively “ 310 ”) and a fluid channel  320  for removing, transferring and/or dissipating heat away from the computing components  202 A-N. The heat pipes  310  can be at least partly embedded in or coupled to the enhanced cold plate  200 . In some examples, the heat pipes  310 A and/or the heat pipes  310 B can include a single heat pipe. In other examples, the heat pipes  310 A and/or the heat pipes  310 B can include multiple heat pipes. Moreover, the heat pipes  310 A and the heat pipes  310 B can include a same or different number, size, shape, and/or configuration of heat pipes. In some cases, the enhanced cold plate  200  can include more or less heat pipes  310  than shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     The heat pipes  310  are heat-transfer or dissipation components that implement thermal conductivity and phase transition to transfer heat from one location to another. Each of the heat pipes  310  can have liquid inside for transferring heat from a hot interface or area of the heat pipe to a different interface or area (e.g., a colder interface or area) of the heat pipe. The hot interface or area of the heat pipe can absorb or collect heat from one or more of the computing components  202 A-N, and the different interface or area of the heat pipe can be further away from the one or more of the computing components  202 A-N than the hot interface or area of the heat pipe. Thus, by transferring the heat from the hot interface or area of the heat pipe to the different interface or area, the heat pipe can transfer heat away from such computing components, thereby providing cooling and thermal management benefits to the computing components. 
     For example, the liquid in each heat pipe can evaporate into a gas as it absorbs heat from a heat source, such as heat from one or more of the computing components  202 A-N. The gas can travel along the heat pipe to the colder interface or area of the heat pipe, moving the heat away from the heat source and the hot interface or area of the heat pipe. The gas can then condense back into a liquid and release the latent heat. The liquid then returns to the hot interface or area through capillary action, centrifugal force, or gravity, at which point the cycle can repeat. 
     The type of liquid in the heat pipes  310  can vary based on one or more factors and/or considerations. As previously mentioned, in the context of autonomous vehicles (e.g.,  102 ), the environmental conditions and the conditions surrounding the ADSC  110  can vary and are often harsh or extreme. Thus, the properties of the liquid implemented with the heat pipes  310  can affect the performance of the liquid in the heat pipes  310 . For example, depending on various factors environmental, implementation, and surround factors and conditions, certain liquids can lead to poor heat transfer, clogging, corrosion, and even system failure, while other liquids may have better heat transfer performance, may not clog, may limit or avoid corrosion, and may reduce the likelihood of system failure. 
     Accordingly, the type of liquid used in the heat pipes  310  can be selected based on the properties of the liquid and the environmental, implementation, and surround conditions in which the heat pipes  310  operate. For example, the liquid can be selected based on the properties of the liquid and the temperature in which the heat pipes  310  will operate. Non-limiting examples of factors of a liquid that can be considered when selecting a liquid can include the liquid&#39;s compatibility with the system&#39;s metals and/or the heat pipes  310 , the liquid&#39;s thermal conductivity and specific heat, the liquid&#39;s viscosity, the liquid&#39;s freezing point, the liquid&#39;s flash point, the liquid&#39;s corrosivity, the liquid&#39;s toxicity, the liquid&#39;s thermal stability, etc. In some examples, the type of liquid selected can be a liquid determined to have compatibility with the system&#39;s metals and/or the heat pipes  310 , high thermal conductivity and specific heat, low viscosity, a low freezing point, a high flash point, low corrosivity, low toxicity, and/or thermal stability. 
     In some examples, the liquid used in the heat pipes  310  can be water. In other examples, the liquid used in the heat pipes  310  can be glycol. Moreover, non-limiting examples of other liquids can include de-ionized water, dielectric fluids, alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc.), mercury, ammonia, water/glycol, Freon, alkali metals (e.g., cesium, potassium, sodium), refrigerant R134a, etc. In some cases, the same liquid can used in all of the heat pipes  310 . In other cases, different heat pipes can have different types of liquids, which can vary or can be selected based on the one or more factors previously explained. 
     In addition to having a working fluid, each of the heat pipes  310  can have a wick structure that can exert a capillary action on the liquid phase of the working fluid and a case (e.g., a sealed pipe or envelope) which can house the wick structure, the working fluid, and any other internal elements of the heat pipe. The case and wick structure can be designed to be compatible with the working fluid. Moreover, the materials used to construct the case and wick structure can be selected based on some or all of the environmental, implementation, and surround factors previously described. Non-limiting example materials that can be used for the case include copper, aluminum, superalloys, etc. Moreover, non-limiting examples of wick structures include a sintered powder wick, a screen mesh wick, a grooved wick, etc. 
     In some examples, the configuration (e.g., size, length, shape, thickness, structure, etc.) of the case and wick can also vary based on one or more factors such as, for example, the type of working fluid, the characteristics (e.g., layout, size, shape, materials, etc.) of the enhanced cold plate  200 , the layout of the computing components  202 A-N, the desired heat carrying capacity of the heat pipes  310 , the type and/or number of computing components  202 A-N, the environmental and surrounding conditions where the heat pipes  310  will operate, performance requirements or factors associated with the computing components  202 A-N, and/or any other constraints that can influence the performance, stability, cost, etc., of the heat pipes  310 . In some examples, the configuration of the case and wick can depend on any constrains created by the characteristics of the enhanced cold plate  200 , the layout of the computing components  202 A-N, and/or a desired maximum power handling or heat carrying capacity (Qmax) of the heat pipes  310 . 
     The Qmax (e.g., the maximum capacity of power that can be handled or transferred from one point to another) can be affected by various factors such as, for example, the diameter of the heat pipes  310 , the shape (e.g., flatness, roundness, curvature, amount of bending, etc.) of the heat pipes  310 , the size or length of the heat pipes  310 , the material of the casing of the heat pipes  310 , the material of the wick in the heat pipes  310 , the thickness of the wick, the porosity of the wick, the amount of working fluid, the type of working fluid, etc. In some examples, the Qmax of the heat pipes  310  can be optimized or tuned for specific operating parameters and performance characteristics by changing the internal structure of the heat pipes  310  (e.g., wick porosity, wick thickness, etc.), the physical characteristics of the heat pipes  310  (e.g., the size, shape, bending, flattening, diameter, material or composition, etc.), the composition and/or materials of the heat pipes  310 , etc. 
     The number of heat pipes  310  implemented in the enhanced cold plate  200  can vary in different examples. The number of heat pipes  310  can be selected based on one or more factors such as, for example, the number and/or type of computing components  202 A-N associated with the enhanced cold plate  200 , the performance requirements of the ADSC  110  and/or the computing components  202 A-N, heat and power conditions associated with the ADSC  110  and computing components  202 A-N, stability considerations associated with the ADSC  110  and computing components  202 A-N, the configuration (e.g., size, shape, thickness, length, structure, etc.) of the enhanced cold plate  200 , environmental factors, the layout of the computing components  202 A-N, the configuration of each of the heat pipes  310 , the Qmax characteristics of the heat pipes  310 , etc. Moreover, the layout, arrangement, position, and/or shape of the heat pipes  310  can also vary based on one or more factors, as further described herein. 
     As previously mentioned, in addition to including heat pipes  310 , the enhanced cold plate  200  can include a fluid channel  320  for removing, transferring, dissipating, etc., heat away from the computing components  202 A-N. Moreover, the fluid channel  320  can also remove, transfer, dissipate, etc., heat transferred or collected from the heat pipes  310 , as further explained herein. The fluid channel  320  can include a fluid that can flow from a fluid ingress point  322 A to a fluid egress point  322 B. The fluid ingress point  322 A and fluid egress point  322 B can include ports where the fluid enters and exits the fluid channel  320 , interfaces connecting the fluid channel  320  with tubes, hoses, or pipes that supply the fluid to the fluid channel  320  or points where a tube, hose or pipe of the fluid channel  320  enters and exits the enhanced cold plate  200  from and to a different location on the ADSC  110  (e.g., from and to a different enhanced cold plate, from and to a reservoir, from and to a pump, etc.), etc. 
     The fluid in the fluid channel  320  can be the same type of fluid as the working fluid in the heat pipes  310  or a different type of fluid. In some examples, the fluid in the fluid channel  320  can include water. In other examples, the fluid in the fluid channel  320  can include glycol. In yet other examples, the fluid channel  320  can be used as a channel for air instead of fluid. The air can be circulated through the fluid channel  320  to transfer, remove, and/or dissipate heat. 
     The shape, configuration, layout and placement/positioning of the fluid channel  320  and the heat pipes  310  can vary in different implementations. In the example configuration  300  shown in  FIG. 3 , the heat pipes  310  have a linear configuration and are coupled to computing components  202 A and  202 B. As shown, the heat pipes  310 A are coupled to computing component  202 A in order to transfer heat away from the computing component  202 A, and the heat pipes  310 B are coupled to computing component  202 B in order to transfer heat away from the computing component  202 B. The computing components  202 A and  202 B in this example can be any of the computing components  202  previously described. For example, the computing components  202 A and  202 B can be CPUs, GPUs, or any other electronic computing component. 
     Further, the fluid channel  320  has a u-shape and surrounds the computing components  202 A-N. Thus, the fluid in the fluid channel  320  can flow from the fluid ingress point  322 A, around the computing components  202 A-N, until exiting at the fluid egress point  322 B. As the fluid travels through the fluid channel  320 , the fluid can absorb or collect heat from the computing components  202 A-N and carry the heat away from the computing components  202 A-N until exiting at the fluid egress point  322 B. Similarly, as the fluid travels by the heat pipes  310 A and  310 B, the fluid can absorb heat transferred or dissipated from the heat pipes  310 A and  310 B, and transfer the heat away from the heat pipes  310 A and  310 B until exiting at the fluid egress point  322 B. This cycle can repeat as fluid continues to flow or circulate around the fluid channel  320 , again exiting at the fluid egress point  322 B. In this way, the fluid channel  320  can enhance the cooling or thermal management features of the heat pipes  310 A and  310 B, and vice versa. 
     In some cases, the fluid channel  320  can include, implement and/or couple to one or more heat sinks. For example, one or more heat sinks can be coupled to an internal or external surface of the fluid channel  320 . The one or more heat sinks can help dissipate heat collected by the fluid channel  320 . 
     While  FIG. 3  shows the fluid ingress point  322 A located on an end of the enhanced cold plate  200  closer to the computing components  202 A-B relative to the fluid egress point  322 B, and the fluid egress point  322 B located on an end of the enhanced cold plate  200  that is closer to the heat pipes  310 A and  310 B relative to the fluid ingress point  322 A, it should be noted that this arrangement is merely an example provided for explanation purposes. In other examples, the fluid ingress point  322 A and/or the fluid egress point  322 B can be located elsewhere in the enhanced cold plate  200 . 
     For example, in some cases, the fluid ingress point  322 A can be located where the fluid egress point  322 B is currently shown in  FIG. 3 , and the fluid egress point  322 B can be located where the fluid ingress point  322 A is currently shown in  FIG. 3 , such that their location is reversed and, as a result, the fluid in the fluid channel  320  flows in the opposite/reverse direction. In another example, the fluid ingress point  322 A and/or the fluid egress point  322 B can be located on a different side of the enhanced cold plate  200  than shown in  FIG. 3  and/or different sides of the enhanced cold plate  200  relative to each other. 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram illustrating another example configuration  400  of the enhanced cold plate  200 . In this example, the fluid channel  320  has a different shape as the u-shape shown in  FIG. 3 . In particular, instead of continuing past an outer side of computing component  202 C (the side opposite to computing component  202 D), the fluid channel  320  turns before the computing component  202 C and goes around computing components  202 C and  202 D in a u-shape until returning to an outer side of computing component  202 E (the side opposite to computing components  202 F and  202 G). The fluid channel  320  then continues along the u-shape trajectory as previously shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     This layout of the fluid channel  320  can vary how heat is transferred or collected from the computing components  202 C and  202 D. Moreover, the layout of the fluid channel  320  can take into account specific constraints or requirements regarding fluid channel coverage, available or unobstructed space in the enhanced cold plate  200 , the layout/arrangement of components/objects on the enhanced cold plate  200  (e.g., computing components  202 A-N and/or any other objects or components), thermal management requirements of the ADSC  110  and/or any of the computing components  202 A-N, heat transfer capabilities and/or performance of the fluid channel  320  and/or the heat pipes  310 , and/or any other constraints or factors. 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram illustrating another example configuration  500  of the enhanced cold plate  200 . In this example, the locations of the fluid ingress point  322 A and the fluid egress point  322 B are reversed with respect to their locations shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . Consequently, the flow of fluid in the fluid channel  320  has similarly been reversed relative to the flow in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
     In addition, the arrangement of the computing components  202 A-N has changed so that computing component  202 C is now partly across from computing component  202 A (as opposed to adjacent to computing component  202 B as shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 ) and computing component  202 D is partly across from computing component  202 B. To account for the different arrangement of computing components  202 C and  202 D and/or provide different thermal management properties, the shape of the heat pipes  310  has also changed. Here, the heat pipes  310  are shown with a partial bend or curve. 
     In particular, the heat pipes  310 A are now coupled at opposite ends to both computing components  202 A and  202 C. Given the arrangement of the computing components  202 A and  202 C, this coupling of the heat pipes  310 A to both of the computing components  202 A and  202 C is enabled by the partial bend or curve of the heat pipes  310 A. Moreover, this coupling of the heat pipes  310 A can allow the heat pipes  310 A to take heat away from both of the computing components  202 A and  202 C. 
     Similarly, the heat pipes  310 B are now coupled at opposite ends to both computing components  202 B and  202 D. As previously explained, given the arrangement of the computing components  202 B and  202 D, this coupling of the heat pipes  310 B to both of the computing components  202 A and  202 C is enabled by the partial bend or curve of the heat pipes  310 B. Moreover, this coupling of the heat pipes  310 B can allow the heat pipes  310 B to take heat away from both of the computing components  202 B and  202 D. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the shape of the heat pipes  310  can vary to account for a specific arrangement of components on the enhanced cold plate  200 . The direction of the flow of fluid in the fluid channel  320  can also change as needed. 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram illustrating another example configuration  600  of the enhanced cold plate  200 . In the example configuration  600 , the enhanced cold plate  200  includes a different number of heat pipes  310  and the heat pipes  310  have a different shape, size and arrangement. In particular, the enhanced cold plate  200  includes two sets of heat pipes: heat pipe  310 A and heat pipe  310 B. The heat pipes  310 A and  310 B have an l-shape and are arranged to form a rectangle or square. Moreover, the heat pipes  310 A and  310 B surround the computing components  202 A-N such that the computing components  202 A-N are contained within the rectangle or square formed by the arrangement of the heat pipes  310 A and  310 B. The heat pipes  310 A and  310 B can collect heat from the computing components  202 A-N and transfer the heat away from the computing components  202 A-N to provide cooling to the computing components  202 A-N. 
     The enhanced cold plate  200  also includes a fluid channel  320  configured in a u-shape surrounding the heat pipes  310 A and  310 B and the computing components  202 A-N. The fluid channel  320  can include fluid that circulates from the fluid ingress point  322 A, around the heat pipes  310 A and  310 B and the computing components  202 A-N, until exiting through the fluid egress point  322 B. As the fluid circulates around the fluid channel  320 , the fluid can collect heat from the heat pipes  310 A and  310 B and transfer the heat away from the heat pipes  310 A and  310 B (and the computing components  202 A-N) to provide further cooling of the computing components  202 A-N. 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram illustrating another example configuration  700  of the enhanced cold plate  200 . In this example, the enhanced cold plate  200  includes a set of heat pipes  310 A arranged parallel or adjacent to computing components  202 A and  202 B. The set of heat pipes  310 A can include one or more heat pipes. Moreover, the set of heat pipes  310 A can dissipate heat away from the computing components  202 A and  202 B. 
     The enhanced cold plate  200  also includes a heat pipe  310 B embedded, contained, or implemented within a fluid channel  320 . The heat pipe  310 B can help dissipate and/or transfer heat away from the computing components  202 A-N. Moreover, fluid in the fluid channel  320  can collect heat from the heat pipe  310 B and dissipate and/or transfer the heat away. In some examples, the fluid in the fluid channel  320  can also help dissipate and/or transfer heat away from the computing components  202 A-N. 
     The fluid channel  320  in this example has a linear shape and is located on an end of the enhanced cold plate  200 . Fluid in the fluid channel  320  can circulate from a fluid ingress point  322 A and around the heat pipe  310 B until exiting at a fluid egress point  322 B. In some examples, the fluid in the fluid channel  320  can surround or engulf the heat pipe  310 B in the fluid channel  320 . In some cases, the fluid channel  320  can include heat sinks  702 , which can help dissipate heat from the heat pipe  310 B and/or the computing components  202 A-N. In some examples, the fluid channel  320  can include a single heat sink for enhancing thermal management benefits. In other examples, the fluid channel  320  can include multiple heat sinks. 
     In some cases, the heat sinks  702  can be coupled to an exterior surface of the fluid channel  320  and/or the enhanced cold plate  200 . In other examples, the heat sinks  702  can be enclosed within the fluid channel  320 . Moreover, in some cases, the heat sinks  702  can be directly or indirectly coupled to the heat pipe  310 B in the fluid channel  320 . For example, the heat sinks  702  can be coupled to, and/or in contact with, different portions of the heat pipe  310 B. 
     In some examples, the set of heat pipes  310 A can dissipate heat away from the computing components  202 A and  202 B. The dissipated heat (as well as heat from the other computing components  202 C-N) can move towards the heat pipe  310 B and the fluid channel  320 . The heat pipe  310 B can collect the heat to transfer the heat away from the computing components  202 A-N. The fluid in the fluid channel  320  and the heat sinks  702  can then further help dissipate and/or transfer the heat away from the computing components  202 A-N and/or the heat pipe  310 B. 
     While the fluid channel  320  and the heat pipe  310 B in the fluid channel  320  are shown in  FIG. 7  in a linear configuration/shape, it should be noted that such configuration/shape is provided herein as an example for explanation purposes. In other examples, the enhanced cold plate  200  can implement one or more fluid channels containing or housing one or more heat pipes, and the one or more fluid channels and/or the one or more heat pipes contained or housed in the one or more fluid channels can have a different size, shape, arrangement, configuration, etc. 
     Moreover, in some examples, the enhanced cold plate  200  shown in  FIGS. 3-7  can have other cooling components or combinations of cooling components than those shown in  FIGS. 3-7 . For example, in some cases, the enhanced cold plate  200  can include a fan in combination with one or more heat pipes and/or one or more vapor chambers. Example configurations of the enhanced cold plate  200  that include vapor chambers are shown in  FIGS. 8-12  and further described below. 
       FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram illustrating an example configuration  800  of an enhanced cold plate  200  that implements vapor chambers  810 A-B (collectively “ 810 ”). As illustrated, the enhanced cold plate  200  can include the vapor chambers  810  and a fluid channel  820  for removing, transferring and/or dissipating heat away from the computing components  202 A-N. The vapor chambers  810  can be at least partly embedded in or coupled to the enhanced cold plate  200 . In some examples, the vapor chamber  810 A and the vapor chamber  810 B can have the same or different sizes, shapes, and/or configurations. Moreover, in some cases, the enhanced cold plate  200  can include more or less vapor chambers  810  than shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     The vapor chambers  810  are heat-transfer or dissipation components that implement thermal conductivity and phase transition to transfer heat from one location to another. Each of the vapor chambers  810  can have liquid inside for transferring heat from a hot interface or area of the vapor chamber to a different interface or area (e.g., a colder interface or area) of the vapor chamber. The hot interface or area of the vapor chamber can absorb or collect heat from one or more of the computing components  202 A-N, and the different interface or area of the vapor chamber can be further away from the one or more of the computing components  202 A-N than the hot interface or area of the vapor chamber. Thus, by transferring the heat from the hot interface or area of the vapor chamber to the different interface or area, the vapor chamber can transfer heat away from such computing components, thereby providing cooling and thermal management benefits to the computing components. 
     For example, the liquid in each vapor chamber can evaporate into a gas as it absorbs heat from a heat source, such as heat from one or more of the computing components  202 A-N. The gas can travel along the vapor chamber to the colder interface or area of the vapor chamber, moving the heat away from the heat source and the hot interface or area of the vapor chamber. The gas can then condense back into a liquid and release the latent heat. The liquid then returns to the hot interface or area through capillary action, centrifugal force, or gravity, at which point the cycle can repeat. 
     The type of liquid in the vapor chambers  810  can vary based on one or more factors and/or considerations. As previously mentioned, in the context of autonomous vehicles (e.g.,  102 ), the environmental conditions and the conditions surrounding the ADSC  110  can vary and are often harsh or extreme. Thus, the properties of the liquid implemented with the vapor chambers  810  can affect the performance of the liquid in the vapor chambers  810 . For example, depending on various factors environmental, implementation, and surround factors and conditions, certain liquids can lead to poor heat transfer, clogging, corrosion, and even system failure, while other liquids may have better heat transfer performance, may not clog, may limit or avoid corrosion, and may reduce the likelihood of system failure. 
     Thus, the type of liquid used in the vapor chambers  810  can be selected based on the properties of the liquid and the environmental, implementation, and surround conditions in which the vapor chambers  810  operate. For example, the liquid can be selected based on the properties of the liquid and the temperature in which the vapor chambers  810  will operate. Non-limiting examples of factors of a liquid that can be considered when selecting a liquid can include the liquid&#39;s compatibility with the system&#39;s metals and/or the vapor chambers  810 , the liquid&#39;s thermal conductivity and specific heat, the liquid&#39;s viscosity, the liquid&#39;s freezing point, the liquid&#39;s flash point, the liquid&#39;s corrosivity, the liquid&#39;s toxicity, the liquid&#39;s thermal stability, etc. In some examples, the type of liquid selected can be a liquid determined to have compatibility with the system&#39;s metals and/or the vapor chambers  810 , high thermal conductivity and specific heat, low viscosity, a low freezing point, a high flash point, low corrosivity, low toxicity, and/or thermal stability. 
     In some examples, the liquid used in the vapor chambers  810  can be water. In other examples, the liquid used in the vapor chambers  810  can be glycol. Moreover, non-limiting examples of other liquids can include de-ionized water, dielectric fluids, alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc.), mercury, ammonia, water/glycol, Freon, alkali metals (e.g., cesium, potassium, sodium), refrigerant R134a, etc. In some cases, the same liquid can used in all of the vapor chambers  810 . In other cases, different vapor chambers can have different types of liquids, which can vary or can be selected based on the one or more factors previously explained. 
     In addition to having a working fluid, each of the vapor chambers  810  can have a wick structure that can exert a capillary action on the liquid phase of the working fluid and a case (e.g., a sealed pipe or envelope) which can house the wick structure, the working fluid, and any other internal elements of the vapor chamber. The case and wick structure can be designed to be compatible with the working fluid. Moreover, the materials used to construct the case and wick structure can be selected based on some or all of the environmental, implementation, and surround factors previously described. Non-limiting example materials that can be used for the case include copper, aluminum, superalloys, etc. Moreover, non-limiting examples of wick structures include a sintered powder wick, a screen mesh wick, a grooved wick, etc. 
     Moreover, in some examples, the vapor chambers  810  can have internal posts, columns, rods or microchannels that help the fluid flow to a desired location (e.g., the different or colder interface or area) and/or direction. The internal posts, columns, or microchannels can also provide support for the vapor chambers  810  to help prevent the structure of the vapor chambers  810  from collapsing due to pressure and/or other forces. 
     In some examples, the configuration (e.g., size, length, shape, thickness, structure, etc.) of the case and wick can vary based on one or more factors such as, for example, the type of working fluid, the characteristics (e.g., layout, size, shape, materials, etc.) of the enhanced cold plate  200 , the layout of the computing components  202 A-N, the desired heat carrying capacity of the vapor chambers  810 , the type and/or number of computing components  202 A-N, the environmental and surrounding conditions where the vapor chambers  810  will operate, performance requirements or factors associated with the computing components  202 A-N, and/or any other constraints that can influence the performance, stability, cost, etc., of the vapor chambers  810 . Similarly, in some examples, a configuration (e.g., the size, shape, thickness, number, arrangement, etc.) of internal posts, columns, rods, or microchannels in the vapor chambers  810  can vary based on the same and/or other factors as described above. 
     In some examples, the configuration of the case, the wick, and/or the internal posts, columns, rods, or microchannels can depend on any constrains created by the characteristics of the enhanced cold plate  200 , the layout of the computing components  202 A-N, and/or a desired Qmax of the vapor chambers  810 . The Qmax can be affected by various factors such as, for example, the diameter of the vapor chambers  810 , the shape (e.g., flatness, roundness, curvature, amount of bending, etc.) of the vapor chambers  810 , the size or length of the vapor chambers  810 , the material of the casing of the vapor chambers  810 , the material of the wick in the vapor chambers  810 , the thickness of the wick, the porosity of the wick, the amount of working fluid, the type of working fluid, the configuration (e.g., number, size, shape, thickness, arrangement, etc.) of other internal structural elements (e.g., internal posts, columns, rods, or microchannels), etc. In some examples, the Qmax of the vapor chambers  810  can be optimized or tuned for specific operating parameters and performance characteristics by changing the configuration of internal components of the vapor chambers  810  (e.g., wick porosity, wick thickness, etc.) and/or internal structural elements (e.g., internal posts, columns, rods, or microchannels) of the vapor chambers  810 , the physical characteristics of the vapor chambers  810  (e.g., the size, shape, bending, flattening, diameter, material or composition, etc.), the composition and/or materials of the vapor chambers  810 , etc. 
     The number of vapor chambers  810  implemented in the enhanced cold plate  200  can vary in different examples. The number of vapor chambers  810  can be selected based on one or more factors such as, for example, the number and/or type of computing components  202 A-N associated with the enhanced cold plate  200 , the performance requirements of the ADSC  110  and/or the computing components  202 A-N, heat and power conditions associated with the ADSC  110  and computing components  202 A-N, stability considerations associated with the ADSC  110  and computing components  202 A-N, the configuration (e.g., size, shape, thickness, length, structure, etc.) of the enhanced cold plate  200 , environmental factors, the layout of the computing components  202 A-N, the configuration of each of the vapor chambers  810 , the Qmax characteristics of the vapor chambers  810 , etc. Moreover, the layout, arrangement, position, and/or shape of the vapor chambers  810  can also vary based on one or more factors, as further described herein. 
     In some examples, one or more surfaces or sides of the vapor chambers  810  can be flat or partly flat. Moreover, in some cases, one or more of the vapor chambers  810  can be horizontal vapor chambers. In other cases, one or more of the vapor chambers  810  can be vertical vapor chambers. Further, each of the vapor chambers  810  can dissipate or transfer heat in multiple dimensions or directions. In some examples, internal posts, rods, columns, or microchannels can help dissipate or transfer the heat in the multiple dimensions or directions. 
     As previously mentioned, in addition to including vapor chambers  810 , the enhanced cold plate  200  can include a fluid channel  820  for removing, transferring, dissipating, etc., heat away from the computing components  202 A-N. Moreover, the fluid channel  820  can also remove, transfer, dissipate, etc., heat transferred or collected from the vapor chambers  810 , as further explained herein. The fluid channel  820  can include a fluid that can flow from a fluid ingress point  822 A to a fluid egress point  822 B. The fluid ingress point  822 A and fluid egress point  822 B can include ports where the fluid enters and exits the fluid channel  820 , interfaces connecting the fluid channel  820  with tubes, hoses, or pipes that supply the fluid to the fluid channel  820  or points where a tube, hose or pipe of the fluid channel  820  enters and exits the enhanced cold plate  200  from and to a different location on the ADSC  110  (e.g., from and to a different enhanced cold plate, from and to a reservoir, from and to a pump, etc.), etc. 
     The fluid in the fluid channel  820  can be the same type of fluid as the working fluid in the vapor chambers  810  or a different type of fluid. In some examples, the fluid in the fluid channel  820  can include water. In other examples, the fluid in the fluid channel  820  can include glycol. In yet other examples, the fluid channel  820  can be used as a channel for air instead of fluid. The air can be circulated through the fluid channel  820  to transfer, remove, and/or dissipate heat. 
     The shape, configuration, layout and placement/positioning of the fluid channel  820  and the vapor chambers  810  can vary in different implementations. In the example configuration  800  shown in  FIG. 8 , the vapor chambers  810  have a linear configuration and are coupled to computing components  202 A and  202 B. As shown, the vapor chamber  810 A is coupled to computing component  202 A in order to transfer heat away from the computing component  202 A, and the vapor chamber  810 B is coupled to computing component  202 B in order to transfer heat away from the computing component  202 B. The computing components  202 A and  202 B in this example can be any of the computing components  202  previously described. For example, the computing components  202 A and  202 B can be CPUs, GPUs, or any other electronic computing component. 
     Further, the fluid channel  820  has a u-shape and surrounds the computing components  202 A-N. Thus, the fluid in the fluid channel  820  can flow from the fluid ingress point  822 A, around the computing components  202 A-N, until exiting at the fluid egress point  822 B. As the fluid travels through the fluid channel  820 , the fluid can absorb or collect heat from the computing components  202 A-N and carry the heat away from the computing components  202 A-N until exiting at the fluid egress point  822 B. Similarly, as the fluid travels by the vapor chambers  810 A and  810 B, the fluid can absorb heat transferred or dissipated from the vapor chambers  810 A and  810 B, and transfer the heat away from the vapor chambers  810 A and  810 B until exiting at the fluid egress point  822 B. This cycle can repeat as fluid continues to flow or circulate around the fluid channel  820 , again exiting at the fluid egress point  822 B. In this way, the fluid channel  820  can enhance the cooling or thermal management features of the vapor chambers  810 A and  810 B, and vice versa. 
     In some cases, the fluid channel  820  can include, implement and/or couple to one or more heat sinks. For example, one or more heat sinks can be coupled to an internal or external surface of the fluid channel  820 . The one or more heat sinks can help dissipate heat collected by the fluid channel  820 . 
     While  FIG. 8  shows the fluid ingress point  822 A located on an end of the enhanced cold plate  200  closer to the computing components  202 A-B relative to the fluid egress point  822 B, and the fluid egress point  822 B located on an end of the enhanced cold plate  200  that is closer to the vapor chambers  810  relative to the fluid ingress point  822 A, it should be noted that this arrangement is merely an example provided for explanation purposes. In other examples, the fluid ingress point  822 A and/or the fluid egress point  822 B can be located elsewhere in the enhanced cold plate  200 . 
     For example, in some cases, the fluid ingress point  822 A can be located where the fluid egress point  822 B is currently shown in  FIG. 8 , and the fluid egress point  822 B can be located where the fluid ingress point  822 A is currently shown in  FIG. 8 , such that their location is reversed and, as a result, the fluid in the fluid channel  820  flows in the opposite/reverse direction. In another example, the fluid ingress point  822 A and/or the fluid egress point  822 B can be located on a different side of the enhanced cold plate  200  than shown in  FIG. 8  and/or different sides of the enhanced cold plate  200  relative to each other. 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic diagram illustrating another example configuration  900  of the enhanced cold plate  200  with the vapor chambers  810 . In this example, the fluid channel  820  has a different shape as the u-shape shown in  FIG. 8 . In particular, instead of continuing past an outer side of computing component  202 C (the side opposite to computing component  202 D), the fluid channel  820  turns before the computing component  202 C and goes around computing components  202 C and  202 D in a u-shape until returning to an outer side of computing component  202 E (the side opposite to computing components  202 F and  202 G). The fluid channel  820  then continues along the u-shape trajectory as previously shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     This layout of the fluid channel  820  can vary how heat is transferred or collected from the computing components  202 C and  202 D. Moreover, the layout of the fluid channel  820  can take into account specific constraints or requirements regarding fluid channel coverage, available or unobstructed space in the enhanced cold plate  200 , the layout/arrangement of components/objects on the enhanced cold plate  200  (e.g., computing components  202 A-N and/or any other objects or components), thermal management requirements of the ADSC  110  and/or any of the computing components  202 A-N, heat transfer capabilities and/or performance of the fluid channel  820  and/or the vapor chambers  810 , and/or any other constraints or factors. 
       FIG. 10  is a schematic diagram illustrating another example configuration  1000  of the enhanced cold plate  200  and vapor chambers  810 . In this example, the locations of the fluid ingress point  822 A and the fluid egress point  822 B are reversed with respect to their locations shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . Consequently, the flow of fluid in the fluid channel  820  is similarly reversed relative to the flow in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
     In addition, the arrangement of the computing components  202 A-N has changed so that computing component  202 C is now partly across from computing component  202 A (as opposed to adjacent to computing component  202 B as shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 ) and computing component  202 D is partly across from computing component  202 B. To account for the different arrangement of computing components  202 C and  202 D and/or provide different thermal management properties, the shape of the vapor chambers  810  has also changed. Here, the vapor chambers  810  are shown with a partial bend or curve. 
     In particular, the vapor chambers  810 A are now coupled at opposite ends to both computing components  202 A and  202 C. Given the arrangement of the computing components  202 A and  202 C, this coupling of the vapor chambers  810 A to both of the computing components  202 A and  202 C is enabled by the partial bend or curve of the vapor chambers  810 A. Moreover, this coupling of the vapor chambers  810 A can allow the vapor chambers  810 A to take heat away from both of the computing components  202 A and  202 C. 
     Similarly, the vapor chambers  810 B are now coupled at opposite ends to both computing components  202 B and  202 D. As previously explained, given the arrangement of the computing components  202 B and  202 D, this coupling of the vapor chambers  810 B to both of the computing components  202 A and  202 C is enabled by the partial bend or curve of the vapor chambers  810 B. Moreover, this coupling of the vapor chambers  810 B can allow the vapor chambers  810 B to take heat away from both of the computing components  202 B and  202 D. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the shape of the vapor chambers  810  can vary to account for a specific arrangement of components on the enhanced cold plate  200 . The direction of the flow of fluid in the fluid channel  820  can also change as needed. 
       FIG. 11  is a schematic diagram illustrating another example configuration  1100  of the enhanced cold plate  200  including a combination of heat pipes  310  and a vapor chamber  810 . Moreover, in the example configuration  1100 , the vapor chamber  810  has a different shape, size and arrangement than the vapor chambers  810 A and  810 B shown in  FIGS. 8-10  arrangement. 
     In this example, the heat pipes  310  and the vapor chamber  810  have an I-shape and are arranged to form a rectangle or square. Moreover, the heat pipes  310  and the vapor chamber  810  surround the computing components  202 A-N such that the computing components  202 A-N are contained within the rectangle or square formed by the arrangement of the heat pipes  310  and the vapor chamber  810 . The heat pipes  310  and the vapor chamber  810  can collect heat from the computing components  202 A-N and transfer the heat away from the computing components  202 A-N to provide cooling to the computing components  202 A-N. 
     The enhanced cold plate  200  also includes a fluid channel  820  configured in a u-shape surrounding the heat pipes  310 , the vapor chamber  810  and the computing components  202 A-N. The fluid channel  820  can include fluid that circulates from the fluid ingress point  822 A, around the heat pipes  310  and the vapor chamber  810  (and the computing components  202 A-N), until exiting through the fluid egress point  822 B. As the fluid circulates around the fluid channel  820 , the fluid can collect heat from the heat pipes  310  and the vapor chamber  810  and transfer the heat away from the heat pipes  310  and the vapor chamber  810  (and the computing components  202 A-N) to provide further cooling of the computing components  202 A-N. 
       FIG. 12  is a schematic diagram illustrating another example configuration  1200  of the enhanced cold plate  200  including multiple heat pipes  310  and vapor chambers  810 . In this example, the enhanced cold plate  200  includes two sets of heat pipes  310 A-B arranged parallel or adjacent to computing components  202 D,  202 E,  202 F and  202 N. Each of the sets of heat pipes  310 A-B can include one or more heat pipes. Moreover, the sets of heat pipes  310 A-B can dissipate heat away from the computing components  202 D,  202 E,  202 F, and  202 N. 
     The enhanced cold plate  200  also includes a vapor chamber  810 A coupled to computing components  202 A and  202 C on opposite ends, and a vapor chamber  810 B coupled to computing components  202 B and  202 C on opposite ends. The vapor chambers  810 A-B can help dissipate and/or transfer heat away from the computing components  202 A-C. 
     The enhanced cold plate  200  also includes a vapor chamber  810 C embedded, contained, or implemented within a fluid channel  820 . The vapor chamber  810 C can help dissipate and/or transfer heat away from the computing components  202 A-N. Moreover, fluid in the fluid channel  820  can collect heat from the vapor chamber  810 C and dissipate and/or transfer the heat away. In some examples, the fluid in the fluid channel  820  can also help dissipate and/or transfer heat away from the computing components  202 A-N. 
     The fluid channel  820  in this example has a linear shape and is located on an end of the enhanced cold plate  200 . Fluid in the fluid channel  820  can circulate from a fluid ingress point  822 A and around the vapor chamber  810 C until exiting at a fluid egress point  822 B. In some examples, the fluid in the fluid channel  820  can surround or engulf the vapor chamber  810 B in the fluid channel  820 . In some cases, the fluid channel  820  can include heat sinks  1202 , which can help dissipate heat from the vapor chamber  810 C and/or the computing components  202 A-N. In some examples, the fluid channel  820  can include a single heat sink for enhancing thermal management benefits. In other examples, the fluid channel  820  can include multiple heat sinks. 
     In some cases, the heat sinks  1102  can be coupled to an exterior surface of the fluid channel  820  and/or the enhanced cold plate  200 . In other examples, the heat sinks  1102  can be enclosed within the fluid channel  820 . Moreover, in some cases, the heat sinks  1102  can be directly or indirectly coupled to the vapor chamber  810 C in the fluid channel  820 . For example, the heat sinks  1102  can be coupled to, and/or in contact with, different portions of the vapor chamber  810 C. 
     In some examples, the sets of heat pipes  310 A can dissipate heat away from the computing components  202 A-C. The dissipated heat (as well as heat from the other computing components  202 D-N) can move towards the vapor chamber  810 C and the fluid channel  820 . The vapor chamber  810 C can collect the heat to transfer the heat away from the computing components  202 A-N. The fluid in the fluid channel  820  and the heat sinks  1102  can then further help dissipate and/or transfer the heat away from the computing components  202 A-N and/or the vapor chamber  810 C. 
     While the fluid channel  820  and the vapor chamber  810 C in the fluid channel  820  are shown in  FIG. 12  in a linear configuration/shape, it should be noted that such configuration/shape is provided herein as an example for explanation purposes. In other examples, the enhanced cold plate  200  can implement one or more fluid channels containing or housing one or more vapor chambers, and the one or more fluid channels and/or the one or more vapor chambers contained or housed in the one or more fluid channels can have a different size, shape, arrangement, configuration, etc. 
     Moreover, in some examples, the enhanced cold plate  200  shown in  FIGS. 8-12  can have other cooling components or combinations of cooling components than those shown in  FIGS. 8-12 . For example, in some cases, the enhanced cold plate  200  can include a fan in combination with one or more vapor chambers and/or heat pipes. 
       FIG. 13A  is a diagram illustrating an example heat management flow  1300  in an enhanced cold plate  200  implemented by the ADSC  110  and having an example configuration. In this example, a heat source  202  on the enhanced cold plate  200  first generates and emits heat  1304 . The heat source  1306  can include one or more of the computing components  202 A-N previously described. 
     A heat management component  1310  implemented by the enhanced cold plate  200  can collect the heat  1304  and dissipate and/or transfer the heat  1304  away from the heat source  1306  and towards the fluid channel  320  implemented by the enhanced cold plate  200 . The heat management component  1310  can include, for example, a heat pipe (e.g.,  310 ) or a vapor chamber (e.g.,  810 ). 
     The fluid channel  320  can collect and/or absorb the heat  1304  dissipated and/or transferred by the heat management component  1310 , and dissipate and/or transfer the heat  1304  through a fluid  1302  that circulates around the fluid channel  320 . The fluid  1302  can circulate around the fluid channel  320  in various cycles, while collecting, absorbing, dissipating, and/or transferring heat in each cycle. 
       FIG. 13B  is a diagram illustrating another example heat management flow  1350  in an enhanced cold plate  200  implemented by the ADSC  110  and having a different example configuration than the enhanced cold plate  200  shown in  FIG. 13A . In this example, the heat source  1306  similarly emits heat  1304 , which can be collected and/or absorbed by the heat management component  1310  and dissipated and/or transferred by the heat management component  1310  away from the heat source  1306  and towards a fluid channel  320  containing another heat management component  1360 . 
     The heat management component  1360  in the fluid channel  320  can include a heat pipe (e.g.,  310 ) or a vapor chamber (e.g.,  810 ). The heat management component  1360  can be adjacent to, surrounded by, or engulfed by fluid  1302  in the fluid channel  320 . The fluid  1302  in the fluid channel  320  and/or the heat management component  1360  in the fluid channel  320  can collect and/or absorb the heat  1304  from the heat management component  1310 . Moreover, the fluid  1302  and/or the heat management component  1360  can transfer the heat  1304  to heat sinks  1362 , which can dissipate the heat received by the heat sinks  1362 . In some examples, the fluid  1302  can also transfer at least some of the heat  1304  out of the enhanced cold plate  200  when it exits the enhanced cold plate  200  through a fluid egress point (e.g.,  322 B,  822 B). 
     While the heat management component  1310  is shown in  FIGS. 13A-B  as a single component, it should be understood that, in other examples, the heat management component  1310  can include multiple components. For example, in some cases, the heat management component  1310  can include one or more heat pipes and/or one or more vapor chambers. 
     Having disclosed some example system components and concepts, the disclosure now turns to  FIGS. 14 and 15 , which illustrate example methods  1400  and  1500  for thermal management in automated driving system computers. The steps outlined herein are exemplary and can be implemented in any combination thereof, including combinations that exclude, add, or modify certain steps. 
     At block  1402 , the method  1400  can include transferring, via a first working fluid in one or more heat pipes (e.g.,  310 ) coupled to or embedded in one or more cold plates (e.g.,  200 ) on an ADSC (e.g.,  110 ), heat away from one or more processors (e.g.,  202 A,  202 B,  202 C,  202 D,  202 F,  202 G, and/or  202 N) in the ADSC. In some cases, the one or more heat pipes can include a single heat pipe. In other cases, the one or more heat pipes can include a plurality of heat pipes. 
     Moreover, in some examples, the one or more heat pipes can be coupled to the one or more cold plates. In other examples, the one or more heat pipes can be embedded in (or within) the one or more cold plates. For example, the one or more heat pipes can be embedded in or within the one or more cold plates. 
     In some cases, the one or more heat pipes can be coupled to the one or more processors, and the one or more fluid channels can be embedded in the one or more cold plates and can run through an inside portion of the one or more cold plates. 
     In some examples, the ADSC can be coupled to an autonomous vehicle (e.g.,  102 ) and configured to perform one or more operations of the autonomous vehicle. Moreover, the ADSC can be housed in and/or implemented by the autonomous vehicle, as further described above with respect to  FIG. 1 . 
     In some examples, the one or more cold plates can also include one or more vapor chambers (e.g.,  810 ) coupled to or embedded in the one or more cold plates and configured to collect heat from the one or more processors and/or one or more electronic components (e.g.,  202 A,  202 B,  202 C,  202 D,  202 F,  202 G, and/or  202 N), and transfer the heat away from the one or more processors and/or the one or more electronic components via a third working fluid in the one or more vapor chambers. 
     At block  1404 , the method  1400  can include collecting, from the one or more heat pipes and via one or more fluid channels (e.g.,  320 ) in the one or more cold plates, a portion of the heat transferred away from the one or more processors. In some examples, the one or more fluid channels can be configured to circulate a second working fluid from a respective fluid ingress point (e.g.,  322 A) to a respective fluid egress point (e.g.,  322 B). The second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels can dissipate the portion of the heat, remove the portion of the heat, and/or transfer the portion of the heat away and/or towards another location such as a colder location. 
     In some examples, the one or more fluid channels can be configured to collect heat from the one or more processors and/or the one or more heat pipes and transfer the heat away from the one or more processors and/or the one or more heat pipes. 
     At block  1406 , the method  1400  can include removing the portion of the heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels. In some examples, removing the portion of the heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels can include dissipating the portion of the heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels, one or more additional heat pipes contained in the one or more fluid channels, and/or one or more heat sinks associated with (e.g., coupled to or contained within) the one or more fluid channels. 
     In some aspects, the method  1400  can include collecting, via at least one of the one or more heat pipes, heat from one or more electronic components (e.g.,  202 A,  202 B,  202 C,  202 D,  202 F,  202 G, and/or  202 N) in the ADSC to yield a portion of collected heat, and transferring the portion of collected heat away from the one or more electronic components via the at least one of the one or more heat pipes. In some aspects, the method  1400  can further include collecting the portion of collected heat via the one or more fluid channels, and dissipating the portion of collected heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels and/or one or more heat sinks implemented with the one or more fluid channels. 
     In some examples, the one or more electronic components can include a circuit board, a memory, a field-programmable gate array, an application-specific integrated circuit, a storage device, a system-on-chip, and/or power electronics. Moreover, in some examples, the one or more processors can include a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, and/or a digital signal processor. 
     In some aspects, the method  1400  can include collecting, via one or more additional heat pipes contained within the one or more fluid channels, at least part of the heat transferred away from the one or more processors to yield a portion of collected heat, and transferring the portion of collected heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels. In some examples, transferring the portion of collected heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels can include dissipating at least some of the portion of collected heat via one or more heat sinks (e.g.,  702 ) coupled to the one or more fluid channels and/or the one or more additional heat pipes contained within the one or more fluid channels. 
       FIG. 15  illustrates another example method  1500  for thermal management in automated driving system computers. At block  1502 , the method  1500  can include transferring, via a first working fluid in one or more vapor chambers (e.g.,  810 ) coupled to or embedded in one or more cold plates (e.g.,  200 ) on an ADSC (e.g.,  110 ), heat away from one or more processors (e.g.,  202 A,  202 B,  202 C,  202 D,  202 F,  202 G, and/or  202 N) in the ADSC. In some cases, the one or more vapor chambers can include a single vapor chamber. In other cases, the one or more vapor chambers can include a plurality of vapor chambers. 
     Moreover, in some examples, the one or more vapor chambers can be coupled to the one or more cold plates. In other examples, the one or more vapor chambers can be embedded in (or within) the one or more cold plates. For example, the one or more vapor chambers can be embedded in or within the one or more cold plates. 
     In some cases, the one or more vapor chambers can be coupled to the one or more processors, and the one or more fluid channels can be embedded in the one or more cold plates and can run through an inside portion of the one or more cold plates. 
     In some examples, the ADSC can be coupled to an autonomous vehicle (e.g.,  102 ) and configured to perform one or more operations of the autonomous vehicle. Moreover, the ADSC can be housed in and/or implemented by the autonomous vehicle, as further described above with respect to  FIG. 1 . 
     In some examples, the one or more cold plates can also include one or more heat pipes (e.g.,  310 ) coupled to or embedded in the one or more cold plates and configured to collect heat from the one or more processors and/or one or more electronic components (e.g.,  202 A,  202 B,  202 C,  202 D,  202 F,  202 G, and/or  202 N), and transfer the heat away from the one or more processors and/or the one or more electronic components via a third working fluid in the one or more heat pipes. 
     At block  1504 , the method  1500  can include collecting, from the one or more vapor chambers and via one or more fluid channels (e.g.,  320 ) in the one or more cold plates, a portion of the heat transferred away from the one or more processors. In some examples, the one or more fluid channels can be configured to circulate a second working fluid from a respective fluid ingress point (e.g.,  822 A) to a respective fluid egress point (e.g.,  822 B). The second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels can dissipate the portion of the heat, remove the portion of the heat, and/or transfer the portion of the heat away and/or towards another location such as a colder location. 
     In some examples, the one or more fluid channels can be configured to collect heat from the one or more processors and/or the one or more vapor chambers and transfer the heat away from the one or more processors and/or the one or more vapor chambers. 
     At block  1506 , the method  1500  can include removing the portion of the heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels. In some examples, removing the portion of the heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels can include dissipating the portion of the heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels, one or more additional vapor chambers contained in the one or more fluid channels, and/or one or more heat sinks associated with (e.g., coupled to or contained within) the one or more fluid channels. 
     In some aspects, the method  1500  can include collecting, via at least one of the one or more vapor chambers, heat from one or more electronic components (e.g.,  202 A,  202 B,  202 C,  202 D,  202 F,  202 G, and/or  202 N) in the ADSC to yield a portion of collected heat, and transferring the portion of collected heat away from the one or more electronic components via the at least one of the one or more vapor chambers. In some aspects, the method  1500  can further include collecting the portion of collected heat via the one or more fluid channels, and dissipating the portion of collected heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels and/or one or more heat sinks implemented with the one or more fluid channels. 
     In some examples, the one or more electronic components can include a circuit board, a memory, a field-programmable gate array, an application-specific integrated circuit, a storage device, a system-on-chip, and/or power electronics. Moreover, in some examples, the one or more processors can include a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, and/or a digital signal processor. 
     In some aspects, the method  1500  can include collecting, via one or more additional vapor chambers contained within the one or more fluid channels, at least part of the heat transferred away from the one or more processors to yield a portion of collected heat, and transferring the portion of collected heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels. In some examples, transferring the portion of collected heat via the second working fluid in the one or more fluid channels can include dissipating at least some of the portion of collected heat via one or more heat sinks (e.g.,  1202 ) coupled to the one or more fluid channels and/or the one or more additional vapor chambers contained within the one or more fluid channels. 
     As described herein, one aspect of the present technology includes gathering and using data available from various sources to improve quality and experience. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information. The present disclosure contemplates that the entities involved with such personal information respect and value privacy policies and practices. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates an example computing system  1600  which can be, for example, any computing device making up ADSC  110 , remote computing system  150 , a passenger device executing rideshare application  170 , or any other computing device. In  FIG. 16 , the components of the computing system  1600  are in communication with each other using connection  1605 . Connection  1605  can be a physical connection via a bus, or a direct connection into processor  1610 , such as in a chipset architecture. Connection  1605  can also be a virtual connection, networked connection, or logical connection. 
     In some embodiments, computing system  1600  is a distributed system in which the functions described in this disclosure can be distributed within a datacenter, multiple data centers, a peer network, etc. In some embodiments, one or more of the described system components represents many such components each performing some or all of the function for which the component is described. In some embodiments, the components can be physical or virtual devices. 
     Example system  1600  includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor)  1610  and connection  1605  that couples various system components including system memory  1615 , such as read-only memory (ROM)  1620  and random access memory (RAM)  1625  to processor  1610 . Computing system  1600  can include a cache of high-speed memory  1612  connected directly with, in close proximity to, or integrated as part of processor  1610 . 
     Processor  1610  can include any general purpose processor and a hardware service or software service, such as services  1632 ,  1634 , and  1636  stored in storage device  1630 , configured to control processor  1610  as well as a special-purpose processor where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor  1610  may essentially be a completely self-contained computing system, containing multiple cores or processors, a bus, memory controller, cache, etc. A multi-core processor may be symmetric or asymmetric. 
     To enable user interaction, computing system  1600  includes an input device  1645 , which can represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for speech, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, keyboard, mouse, motion input, speech, etc. Computing system  1600  can also include output device  1635 , which can be one or more of a number of output mechanisms known to those of skill in the art. In some instances, multimodal systems can enable a user to provide multiple types of input/output to communicate with computing system  1600 . Computing system  1600  can include communications interface  1640 , which can generally govern and manage the user input and system output. There is no restriction on operating on any particular hardware arrangement, and therefore the basic features here may easily be substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed. 
     Storage device  1630  can be a non-volatile memory device and can be a hard disk or other types of computer readable media which can store data that are accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, solid state memory devices, digital versatile disks, cartridges, random access memories (RAMs), read-only memory (ROM), and/or some combination of these devices. 
     The storage device  1630  can include software services, servers, services, etc., that when the code that defines such software is executed by the processor  1610 , it causes the system to perform a function. In some embodiments, a hardware service that performs a particular function can include the software component stored in a computer-readable medium in connection with the necessary hardware components, such as processor  1610 , connection  1605 , output device  1635 , etc., to carry out the function. 
     For clarity of explanation, in some instances, the present technology may be presented as including individual functional blocks including functional blocks comprising devices, device components, steps or routines in a method embodied in software, or combinations of hardware and software. 
     Any of the steps, operations, functions, or processes described herein may be performed or implemented by a combination of hardware and software services or services, alone or in combination with other devices. In some embodiments, a service can be software that resides in memory of a client device and/or one or more servers of a content management system and perform one or more functions when a processor executes the software associated with the service. In some embodiments, a service is a program or a collection of programs that carry out a specific function. In some embodiments, a service can be considered a server. The memory can be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. 
     In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage devices, mediums, and memories can include a cable or wireless signal containing a bit stream and the like. However, when mentioned, non-transitory computer-readable storage media expressly exclude media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals per se. 
     Methods according to the above-described examples can be implemented using computer-executable instructions that are stored or otherwise available from computer-readable media. Such instructions can comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause or otherwise configure a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Portions of computer resources used can be accessible over a network. The executable computer instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, or source code. Examples of computer-readable media that may be used to store instructions, information used, and/or information created during methods according to described examples include magnetic or optical disks, solid-state memory devices, flash memory, USB devices provided with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, and so on. 
     Devices implementing methods according to these disclosures can comprise hardware, firmware and/or software, and can take any of a variety of form factors. Typical examples of such form factors include servers, laptops, smartphones, small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, and so on. The functionality described herein also can be embodied in peripherals or add-in cards. Such functionality can also be implemented on a circuit board among different chips or different processes executing in a single device, by way of further example. 
     The instructions, media for conveying such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are means for providing the functions described in these disclosures. 
     Although a variety of examples and other information was used to explain aspects within the scope of the appended claims, no limitation of the claims should be implied based on particular features or arrangements in such examples, as one of ordinary skill would be able to use these examples to derive a wide variety of implementations. Further and although some subject matter may have been described in language specific to examples of structural features and/or method steps, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to these described features or acts. For example, such functionality can be distributed differently or performed in components other than those identified herein. Rather, the described features and steps are disclosed as examples of components of systems and methods within the scope of the appended claims. 
     Claim language reciting “at least one of” a set indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set satisfy the claim. For example, claim language reciting “at least one of A and B” means A, B, or A and B.