Patent Publication Number: US-2003235591-A1

Title: Composition used as a therapeutic agent against chronic viral hepatic diseases

Description:
[0001] The present invention relates to a composition comprising a polypeptide sequence prepared by recombinant DNA techniques and a carrier to provide a curing agent against chronic viral hepatic diseases. The invention relates to DNA sequences coding for said polypeptide sequences and to transfected cells for the expression of the same.  
       [0002] At least five different viruses, namely Hepatitis virus A, B, C, D and E, are able to trigger the clinical aspect of an acute hepatitis. Hepatitis A and E, which are transferred enterically, always heal, whereas hepatitis B, C (formerly called parenteral hepatitis Non-A Non-B), and D can progress into a chronic stage of inflammation, which in turn can result in liver cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma.  
       [0003] There is relatively little data available on hepatitis C and D, on methods for the diagnosis and their treatment and on the respective viruses. The hepatitis D virus is a RNA virus which is known to be incomplete. Therefore, it needs a helper virus to develop in patients and is found only in individuals infected with HBV. Only very recently the hepatitis C virus has been detected, and an antibody test (anti-HCV) facilitating the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C infections has been developed. However, there is an increasingly urgent need for a treatment to cure this disease.  
       [0004] The same holds true for chronic hepatitis B, a much better studied disease with respect to its recognition by immunological methods, its causative virus and the viral life cycle and DNA sequence. Patients are said to be chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus if the viral DNA persists longer than ten weeks, the HBe-antigen (HBeAg) for more than 12 weeks, or if the hepatitis B surface-antigen (HBsAg) is persistent longer than six months.  
       [0005] Roughly three hundred million people are deemed to suffer from chronic hepatitis B, most of them living in the Far East.  
       [0006] For these people the main risk to be infected appears to be during or immediately after birth, since a chronically infected mother transfers the virus to her newborn. 90 percent of the children infected this way will become chronically infected, too, during later life. In the Western World infection occurs more commonly later in life, during childhood or even adulthood, mainly by a parenteral or sexual transmission. In these cases of hepatitis B infection after birth only five to ten percent of the infected become chronic carriers. The virus transferred, however, is not responsible for distinct reactions shown by infected people either to eliminate the virus or to retain it in the body lifelong. Consequently, it seems to be a matter of the immunological status that determines the future physical condition.  
       [0007] The HB-virion (Dane particle) is composed of different structural proteins, the core proteins and the surface (S) proteins. The latter are translation products of an open reading frame encompassing the coding sequence of three S-type domains, each of which starts with an ATG triplet capable of initiating translation in vivo. The domains are referred to as preS1, preS2 and S in the order of 5′ to the 3′end of the molecule. There are six protein products derived from this ORF: a glycosylated and a non-glycosylated form of the major protein (gp27 and p24) translated from the S domain only (226 amino acids), a middle protein (281 amino acids) having one or two polysaccharide side chains (gp33 and gp36, respectively), that is encoded by the preS2- and S-region, and finally, both a glycosylated (gp42) and a non-glycosylated (p39) form of the large protein (389-400 amino acids, depending upon the viral serotype), which is formed by translation of preS1, preS2 and S. The core proteins are HBcAg and HBeAg, the latter one conceivably being a processing product of HBcAg.  
       [0008] The Dane particle, which is the infectious virion, comprises both core and surface proteins, whereas the filaments consist of a mixture of the six surface antigens. The S peptides alone assemble to form the so-called 20 nm particles, which are completely uninfectious.  
       [0009] Patients infected by the HB virus pass through several stages of the hepatitis, before they are regarded to be chronically HBV-infected. Immediately after infection an infectious stage will follow, characterized by the presence of HBeAg in the serum. Continued HBs antigenaemia in spite of inhibited HBV replication indicates the presence of viral DNA sequences integrated into the cellular genome of the patient. The integrated viral sequences do not enable the host cell to synthesize the complete virus. However, liver cells having HBV-sequences integrated are capable of producing HBsAg only, which in turn is detectable in the serum of the patient and is an indicator for chronic hepatitis B. Most probably the transformed hepatocytes are not lysed by cytotoxic T-cells, but proliferate and induce either chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) or chronic active hepatitis (CAH), which may then proceed to cirrhosis of the liver or to primary hepatocellular carcinoma resulting in premature death of the patient.  
       [0010] Recently it has been established that patients who are chronically HBV infected show a defect in endogenous interferon production (Abb et al., 1985; J. Med. Virol 16. 171-176). This was the rationale to treat patients suffering from chronical hepatitis B, as indicated by the presence of HBeAg and HBV-DNA in the serum, with interferon α (IFNα). Controlled trials with large numbers of patients showed that the administration of interferon α resulted in significantly increased elimination of the hepatitis B-virus, when compared to controls. However, persons infected at or around time of birth do not appear to seroconvert in response to this therapy. This phenomenon unfortunately precludes some 75% of carriers from IFNα therapy.  
       [0011] At present, the exact mode of action of interferon α on chronic hepatitis B remains unclear. Its antiviral activity might protect infected cells from infection or reduce viral transcription, translation and replication in HBV-infected cells. Interferon further has immunomodulatory effects by activating T-cells, macrophages and NK-cells and by inducing the expression of MHC class I proteins.  
       [0012] Another approach to treat chronic hepatitis B is based on the idea to inhibit replication of the virus, thus impairing its defence sufficiently to render the host immune system capable of eliminating the virus. This led to test antiviral drugs such as adenine arabinoside and adenine arabinoside monophosphate for treatment of chronically HBV infected individuals. However, less than half of the patients responded to this therapy, either by sustained or transient seroconversion (HBeAg +  to anti-HBe + ). A further negative aspect of these antiviral drugs are their immunosuppressive properties.  
       [0013] Other drugs that have beeen tested for treatment of chronic carriers include interferon β and, acycloguanosine (acyclovir), interleukin 2, steroids, such as prednisolone, and combinations thereof. But none of them could provide better results than treatment with interferon α. Only a combination therapy, including the initial administration of steroids followed by that of IFN α may increase the response rate in selected patients.  
       [0014] It is known from the prior art, that chronically HBV infected chimpanzees can not be cured by treatment with HBsAg (bound to a tetanus toxoid) nor with anti-HBs antibodies. Furthermore, it has been attempted to immunize chronically HBV infected patients by administration of S peptides. This treatment did not even result in anti-HBs antibody formation in these persons.  
       [0015] Additionally, according to the definition, chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus are characterized in that HBsAg is detectable in their serum. Therefore, it has been absolutely unforeseeable, that a combination, comprising a T-cell activating epitope of the viral S peptide, according to the present invention, is able to induce an immunization in and a final healing of chronic carriers of hepatitis virus B.  
       [0016] Considering the above-discussed state of the art it is the objective of the present invention to provide an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of viral chronic hepatic diseases which leads to a complete response (i.e. to the sustained inhibition of HBV-replication, the loss of HBV DNA and DNA polymerase and to a decrease and finally the disappearance of HBeAg and HBsAg in the serum of patients).  
       [0017] According to the present invention this goal is achieved by a combination of a) at least one polypeptide sequence mediating the antigenicity of one or more epitopes and b) a carrier, capable of presenting the epitope sequence(s) a), wherein the polypeptide sequence(s) a) can be bound to carrier b) by adsorption, any chemical bonding or secondary valences.  
       [0018] This invention is furthermore directed to the use of this combination for the production of a medicament for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis.  
       [0019] The present invention is further directed to a method for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis by administering to a patient the above described combination of a) at least one polypeptide sequence mediating the antigenicity of one or more epitopes and b) a carrier capable of presenting the epitope sequence(s) a), wherein the polypeptide sequence(s) a) can be bound to carrier b) by adsorption, any chemical bonding or secondary valences.  
       [0020] It is important that polypeptide sequence a), which may be one or more different polypeptides, mediates the antigenicity of a T cell-activating epitope in a direct or indirect way.  
       [0021] According to the present invention polypeptide sequence(s) a) may be a polypeptide or a combination of two or more polypeptides of hepatitis B virus of any subtype, particularly adw, ayw, adr and ady.  
       [0022] These peptides derived from hepatitis B virus may be HBV peptides preS1, preS2 or S or the HBV core antigens.  
       [0023] Useful as polypeptide sequence(s) a) are futhermore any of the above-stated polypeptides or a combination of two or more polypeptides which are modified either by amino acid deletions, whereby at least one epitope comprising at least six consecutive amino acid residues must be preserved, or by adding further amino acids either at the N-terminus, the C-terminus or as insertions into the polypeptide sequence(s) a). In each of these cases it is essential, however, that the biologial activity is maintained.  
       [0024] Preferably, polypeptide sequence(s) a) is myristylated.  
       [0025] In order to display the appropriate pharmacological activity it is necessary that in the combination of the present invention polypeptide sequences(s) a) is presented on a carrier b). This carrier consists of a particular substance which for example may consist of particles of a hydrophobic polymer, of inorganic particles, or of particles of a polysaccharide. Preferably, carrier b) is a second polypeptide sequence which forms particles upon secretion, said particles having preferably a diameter of at least 10 nm.  
       [0026] It is preferred that the particle forming polypeptide sequence b) is a substantial part of or the complete amino acid sequence of a polypeptide which may be selected from HBV S peptide, HBV core antigen, HAV core antigen, HAV surface antigen, HIV surface antigen and HIV core antigen as well as the surface antigen of polio virus. Preferred as the particle-forming carrier b) is HBV S peptide and/or core peptide.  
       [0027] When used as the carrier sequence b) the above-stated polypeptides may be modified by arbitrary deletions of amino acids, by substitutions of one or more amino acids or by adding one or more amino acids either at the N-terminus, the C-terminus or by insertion of one or more amino acids into the polypeptide sequence b), provided that the particle-forming capacity is maintained. Preferably, polypeptide sequence b) is myristylated.  
       [0028] If the carrier b) is a polypeptide sequence, both sequences a) and b) may be linked via one or more of the following interactions: hydrophobic anchoring (mediated by myristic acid), disulfide bridge formation, or both sequences may be connected by a peptide bond to form a fusion peptide. In the latter case optionally a spacer sequence may be inserted between polypeptide sequence(s) a) and polypeptide sequence b), which spacer sequence is linked to both polypeptides via peptide bonds.  
       [0029] The present invention furthermore provides a recombinant DNA molecule coding for a combination, that is useful for production of a medicament to treat chronic viral hepatic diseases. The recombinant DNA molecule comprises at least one first DNA sequence, optionally a second, a third and/or a fourth DNA sequence wherein  
       [0030] i) said at least one first DNA sequence codes for at least one polypeptide sequence a) as defined above,  
       [0031] ii) said second DNA sequence codes for a polypeptide sequence b) according to the above definition of the particle forming peptide,  
       [0032] iii) said third DNA sequence codes for a spacer sequence, and  
       [0033] iv) said fourth DNA sequence codes for a selection marker,  
       [0034] and wherein the DNA sequences are controlled by DNA elements essential for expression, and optionally have a common reading frame.  
       [0035] On account of the fact, that many amino acids are designated by more than one triplet, there exist several DNA sequences embraced by the present invention, which code for the above-defined peptide sequences a) and b).  
       [0036] Apart from this, the invention further embraces recombinant DNA molecules, which differ from the above-defined recombinant DNA molecules by the fact, that up to 30% of the nucleotides may be substituted.  
       [0037] A further object of the present application is to provide a host cell transfected with a recombinant DNA molecule coding for the above combination, which is useful for treatment of chronically HBV-infected patients. This host cell may be a mammalian, a yeast or a bacterial cell. For the purpose of this invention it is preferred, that this cell does not produce any human serum proteins or any primate serum proteins other than the polypeptide(s) being comprised within the above combination.  
       [0038] The term “HBV S peptide” as used herein refers to the peptide encoded by the entire region of the HBV genome. The term “HBV pre-S2 peptide” as used herein refers to the peptide encoded by the entire pre-S2 and S regions of the HBV genome. The term “HBV pre-S1 peptide” as used herein refers to the polypeptide encoded by the entire pre-S1, pre-S2 and S regions of the HBV genome. The term “epitope” as used herein refers to a sequence of at least six consecutive amino acids encoded by the designated genome region (e.g. a “HBV pre-S2 epitope” refers to a sequence of at least six amino acids encoded by the pre-S2 region of the HBV genome). The term “T-cell epitope” as used herein refers to an epitope that interacts with receptors on the surface of T-cells to enhance or otherwise effect an immune response.  
       [0039] As used herein “antigenicity” means the ability to provoke an immune response (e.g. acting as an antigen), the ability to cause the production of antibodies (e.g. acting as an antigen) and/or the ability to interact with a cell surface receptor so as to enhance an immune response or production of antibodies.  
       [0040] The term “HBV” means any subtype of the virus, particularly adw, ayw, adr and ayr, described in the literature (P. Valenzuela, Nature Vol. 280, p. 815 (1979), Gerlich, EP-A-85 111 361, Neurath, EP-A-85 102 250). Examples of peptide sequences thereof, constituting polypeptide sequence(s) a), which mediate the antigenicity of one or more epitopes, are shown in the Sequence Listing (SEQ ID No. 17-20, 22).  
       [0041] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are the following combinations:  
       [0042] HB S-antigen particles with specific epitopes (determinants) of the pre-S1-, pre-S2-, and/or core peptides;  
       [0043] HB core-antigen particles with specific epitopes (determinants) of the pre-S1-, pre-S2-, S-peptide, and/or of the core antigens;  
       [0044] Hepatitis A-antigen particles with specific epitopes (determinants) of the hepatitis B S-,pre-S1-, pre-S2-, and/or core-peptides.  
       [0045] Recombinant DNA molecules preferred for the present invention are characterized by the presence of sequences coding for polypeptide sequence(s) a), mediating the antigenicity of one or more T-cell epitopes, and for polypeptide b), which upon secretion forms particles having a diameter of 10 nm or more, both of which are under control of a suitable promoter. As examples for sequences coding for a) there may be mentioned any of the sequences listed under ID numbers 1 to 24 in the Sequence Listing. Examples for the DNA sequence coding for polypeptide sequence b) are represented by any of the ID-sequences 25 to 27 in the Sequence Listing.  
       [0046] Any of the 24 sequences (ID numbers 1 to 24) may be combined to any sequence disclosed under ID number 25 to 27 in the Sequence Listing, therein both orders a-b and b-a are included.  
       [0047] A particular preferred embodiment of the present invention consists in a combination of the epitope sequence ID No. 28 (corresponding to amino acids 9 to 28 of the S1 sequence of HBV) in combination with sequence ID No. 26 and/or 27 as a particle former.  
       [0048] Hepatitis virus sequences used in the recombinant DNA construct of the present invention can be formed or isolated by any means including isolation and ligation of restriction fragments, chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides using a synthesizer (Cyclon, Bio-Search), and synthesis by the PCR method (T. J. White, N. Arnleim, H. E. Erlich, 1989; The Polymerase Chain Reaction, Technical Focus 5 (6)).  
       [0049] Preferred recombinant DNA molecules were formed by the ligation of synthetic oligonucleotides to a 5′ XbaI-BglII 3′ fragment (ID number 27) from the S region of the HBV genome, which is derived from a BglII-BglII HBV fragment including the entire pre-S1-pre-S2-S-region, or to the entire S-region. Oligonucleotides used in making such constructs are summarized in Table I below.  
                       TABLE I                       Function   Definition   SEQ ID No.                                                    core   (adw)   aa*    59-87   6       core   (adw)   aa     2-28   7       core   (adw)   aa    −10-28   8       core   (adw)   aa     29-58   9       core   (adw)   aa     1-87   10       core   (adw)   aa    −10-87   11       core   (adw)   aa     70-110   12       core   (adw)   aa     80-125   13       core   (adw)   aa     88-120   15       S1   (ayw)   aa     9-28   17       S1   (ayw)   aa     83-103   18       S1   (ayw)   aa     20-40   19       S1   (ayw)   aa     59-94   20       S1   (adw)   aa     94-114   21       S1   (adw)   aa     70-105   22       S2   (ayw)   aa     2-21   23       S2   (ayw)   aa     14-33   24                          
 
       [0050] Other preferred DNA molecules were formed by ligation of core sequences, which are prepared by the PCR method and which code for T-cell epitopes, to the core sequence of HBV (SEQ ID NO 25) functioning as polypeptide sequence b). Oligonucleotides used in preparing these constructs are given in Table II-1.  
                               TABLE II-1                                   Function   Definition   SEQ ID No.                                                        core   complete, bp 1901-2500   1           core   C-terminal deletion,   2               bp 1901-2405           core   C-terminal deletion and   3               stop codon inserted,               bp 1901-2405           core/precore   10 aa precore,   4               C-terminal deletion,               bp 1871-2405           core/precore   10 aa precore,   5               C-terminal deletion and               stop codon inserted,               bp 1871-2405           core   aa (−10-120)   16           core/precore   10 aa precore,   35               complete core,               bp 1871-2500                      
 
       [0051] Table II-2 shows several examples, where the T-cell epitope-coding DNA sequences have been isolated by restriction fragmentation of the HBV genome and have been ligated to the DNA sequence coding for polypeptide sequence b) as defined above.  
                               TABLE II-2                                   Function   Definition   SEQ ID No.                          core/precore   complete, bp 1403-311   **           S2 ay/ad       **           S2 (K) ay/ad   S2-S, 7 codons   14               deleted, start codon               ATG changed to ATA                                  
 
       [0052] In Table II-3 specific recombinant DNA molecules are listed. The procedure for their construction will be described in more detail in the Examples.  
                           TABLE II-3                                   Se-                   lec-       Final   T-cell   Particle   tion       construct   epitope   Former   Gene                  MT-core(−10-120) +   core(aa −10-120)   S adw/ayw or   neo       SAg + neo       S/Xbal/BglII       MT-S1(aa 9-28) −   S1(aa 9-28)ay   S adw/ayw or   egpt#       S + egpt       S/XbaI/BglII       MT-core-neo   core/precore   core adw   neo           bp 1403-31       MT-core(1-87) +   core(aa 1-87)   S adw/ayw or   neo       HBsAg − neo       S/XbaI/BglII                          
 
       [0053] Preferred recombinant DNA molecules according to the present invention comprise, apart from the regions coding for polypeptides a) and b), an additional DNA sequence coding for a selection marker. Furthermore, they comprise all usual elements essential for the expression, such as promoter sequence, start codon and a polyadenylation signal.  
       [0054] Examples of suitable promoters are the methallothionein (MT), the U2 and the H2K promoter in case of using mammalian cells as a host cell. If yeast or bacterial cells are to be employed, appropriate yeast and bacterial promoters, such as the GCN4- and the GAL 1/10 promoter or the prokaryotic trp- and tac promoters, respectively, may be used.  
       [0055] In order to produce the combination of polypeptide(s) a) and polypeptide b) according to this application the recombinant DNA molecule is inserted into host cells by transfection (in case of mammalian cells), by transformation (in case of yeast and bacterial cells), or by other means. As a host cells of any organism may be used that are capable of transcribing and translating recombinant DNA molecules, such as mammalian, bacterial and yeast cells.  
       [0056] Suitable mammalian cells according to this invention are for example VERO cells (a monkey kidney cell line), 3T3-, C127 and L cells (murine fibroblast cell lines), and CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells, which are either positive or negative in dehydrofolate reductase.  
       [0057] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention it is furthermore possible that the above-defined first DNA sequence and the above-defined second DNA sequence, which code for polypeptide sequence(s) a) and for a polypeptide sequence b), respectively, are present in different recombinant DNA molecules, in which case the host cells are cotransfected with both of these recombinant DNA molecules.  
               TABLE III                          Possible alternatives of compositions for particles containing T-cell epitopes for       targeting chronic hepatitis carrier                                             FINAL       T-CELL-EPITOPE   PARTICLE   SELECTION   PURIFI-                                                     CONSTRUCT 1     PROMOTER 2     SYN   PCR   GENE   FORMER   GENE   CATION 3                                                               12       MT/112/U2   Core(AA −10-+87)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                                   S/XbaI/BglII       13       MT/112/U2   Core(AA 70-110)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       14       MT/112/U2   Core(AA 80-125)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       15       MT/112/U2   Core(AA 88-120)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       16       MT/112/U2   Core(AA −10 + SATG +           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                   AA 2-87)           S/XbaI/BglII       17   MT-core   MT/112/U2       Core(AA −10-+120)       entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt           (−10-+120) +                   S/XbaI/BglII           SAg + neo       18   MT-S1   MT/112/U2   S1-(AA 9-28)(ay)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt           (AA 9-28) −                   S/XbaI/BglII           S + egpt       19       MT/112/U2   S1-(AA 83-103)(ay)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       20       MT/112/U2   S1-(AA 20-40)(ay)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt   Materials                               S/XbaI/BglII       and Methods       21       MT/112/U2   S1-(AA 59-94)(ay)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       22       MT/112/U2   S1-(AA 94-114)(ad)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       23       MT/112/U2   S1-(AA 70-105)(ad)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       24       MT/112/U2   S1-(AA 9-28)(ay)           core adw   neo/egpt       25       MT/112/U2   S2-(AA 2-21)(ay)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       26       MT/112/U2   S2-(AA 14-33)(ay)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       27       MT/112/U2           S2 ayw   S ayw/adw   neo/egpt       28       MT/112/U2   Adapter       S2-(X)   S ayw/adw   neo/egpt                           ayw       1       MT/112/U2       Core without pre-core       Core(adw)   neo/egpt                       e.g. bp 1901-2500       2       MT/112/U2       Core without pre-core;       Core(adw)   neo/egpt                       with deletion of the                       C-terminus                       e.g. bp 1901-2405       3       MT/112/U2       Core without pre-Core;       Core(adw)   neo/egpt                       with deletion at the                       C-terminus + stop                       signal                       e.g. bp 1901-2405       4   MT-core-neo   MT/112/U2       Core and pre core   Core with   Core(adw)   neo/egpt   Materials                       10 AA   pre-core           and Methods                           i.e. bp                           1403-31       5       MT/112/U2       Core and pre-core       Core(adw)   neo/egpt                       10 AA; with deletion                       at the C-terminus                       e.g. bp 1871-2405       6       MT/112/U2       Core and pre-core with                       deletion at the C-       Core(adw)   neo/egpt                       terminus + stop signal                       e.g. bp 1871-2405       7       MT/112/U2   Core(AA 59-87)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       8       MT/112/U2   Core(AA 2-28)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       9       MT/112/U2   Core(AA −10-+28)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       10       MT/112/U2   Core(AA 29-58)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt                               S/XbaI/BglII       11   MT-core   MT/112/U2   Core(AA 1-87)           entire S adw/ayw   neo/egpt           (1-87) +                   S/XbaI/BglII           IIBsAg-neo                                                  
 
       [0058] Table III gives an overview on how to combine suitable DNA sequences to get DNA constructs according to the present invention. It is to be noted that any constituents disclosed in this table may be combined to provide a DNA sequence which may be taken, if transfected into a host cell, to produce a combination (comprising polypeptides(s) a) and b)) as a medicament for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis.  
       [0059] The DNA sequences coding for the T-cell epitope sequences have been prepared synthetically (SYN) with a Biosearch Cyclon synthesizer, by PCR procedure (PCR), or by restriction enzyme fragmentation of the viral genome (GENE).  
       [0060] For the treatment of patients suffering from chronic viral hepatitis the combination of polypeptide sequence(s) a) and a carrier b) may be formulated in any type of a pharmaceutical composition, which furthermore comprises a suitable diluent or pharmaceutical carrier material, such as a buffer solution.  
       [0061] The administration may be effected by any method, i.e. by parenteral (e.g. intravenous or intramuscular) or oral (e.g. by using typhoid bacterial cells to encapsulate the active substance) administration.  
       [0062] The pharmaceutical preparation comprises the above-described combination in sufficient concentration to elicit a response upon administration.  
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES  
     [0063] FIG. I shows a DNA construct, coding for a promoter, a particle former sequence and a selection gene (described in Example 3/4).  
     [0064] FIG. II shows a DNA-gene construct containing a promoter, an epitope with the entire HB-S-Ag and a selection gene (described in Example 3/18).  
     [0065] FIG. III shows a DNA construct presenting a promoter, a T-cell epitope with a particle former residue and a selection gene (described in Example 3/21).  
     [0066] FIG. IV shows the AST values of chimpanzee  1  during the Hepa-Care treatment (described in Example 10/1).  
     [0067] FIG. V shows the antigen values of chimpanzee  1  during the Hepa-care treatment (described in Example 10/1)  
     [0068] FIG. VI shows values of liver enzymes ALT and GGT of chimpanzee  1  booster treated three times with Hepa-Care (described in Example 10/2).  
     [0069] FIG. VII shows values of liver enzymes ALT, AST, and GGT and of antigen of chimpanzee  2  during the Hepa-Care treatment (described in Example 10/3).  
     [0070] FIG. VIII shows the liver enzymes as determined for an untreated control chimpanzee (described in Example 10/3).  
     [0071] FIGS. IX &amp; X show the antigen and antibody titers of patient  1  during the Hepa-Care treatment, respectively (described in Example 11).  
     [0072] FIGS. XI &amp; XII show the antigen and antibody titers of patient  2  during the Hepa-Care treatment, respectively (described in Example 11).  
     [0073] FIGS. XIII &amp; XIV show the antigen and antibody titers of patient  2  during the Hepa-Care treatment, respectively (described in Example 11). 
    
    
     [0074] The invention is more specifically described by the following examples.  
     EXAMPLE 1  
     [0075] 1. Fractionated Precipitation with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)  
     [0076] The supernatant of HBV protein producing cultures was collected and split into portions of 2,400 ml. To each portion 144 g of PEG 6000 (Serva) were added and dissolved by stirring at room temperature for 20 minutes and was stirred for another 6 hours at 4° C. The precipitate was separated by centrifugation in 500 ml bottles in a GS 3 rotor at 9,000 rpm (15,000×g) for 30 minutes at 10° C. The supernatant was collected and 144 g of PEG 6000 were added and dissolved as described above. The solution was stirred at 4° C. for 3 hours. The precipitate from this solution was harvested as described above except that centrifugation was continued for 60 minutes.  
     [0077] 2. Gel Chromatography  
     [0078] The material obtained after PEG precipitation was redissolved in 20 ml PBS and submitted to gel chromatography on A-5m (BioRad). Column dimensions were 25×1000 mm and 480 ml bed volume. In a typical fractionation run 1,000 μg of PEG precipitated HBV protein in 10 to 15 ml was loaded and eluted with PBS at a speed of 6 drops/min (18 ml/h). 3 ml fractions were collected. HBV protein eluted with the first peak. Collected fractions were submitted to a CsCl gradient.  
     [0079] 3. Sedimentation in CsCl Gradient  
     [0080] About 30 fractions covering the first peak in column chromatography on A-5m and containing prepurified HBV protein were collected to approximately 100 ml. This solution was adjusted to a density of 1.30 g/cc with CsCl and subsequently transferred to a polyallomer tube fitting into a SW 27/28 rotor (Beckman). A gradient was set by underlaying 4 ml of a CsCl solution of 1.35 g/cc and by overlaying 4 ml of 1.25 g/cc followed by 4 ml of 1.20 g/cc density. This gradient had been run at 28,000 rpm for 50 hours at 10° C. Thereafter the gradient was fractionated, and purified HBV protein floating in the 1.20 g/cc density layer was collected. The solution was desalted by three cycles of dialysis in bags against water.  
     EXAMPLE 2  
     Quantitative Determination of HBV Protein  
     [0081] 1. With Radioimmunoassay  
     [0082] In the AUSRIA II-125 “sandwich” radioimmunoassay (commercially available from Abbot), beads coated with guinea pig antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen (Anti-HBs) were incubated with serum or plasma or purified protein and appropriate controls. Any HBsAg present was bound to the solid phase antibody. After aspiration of the unbound material and washing of the bead, human 125T-Anti-HBs was allowed to react with the antibody-antigen complex on the bead. The beads were then washed to remove unbound  125 I-Anti-HBs.  
     [0083] )-Anti-HBs HBsAg  
     [0084] )-Anti-HBs . HBsAg  125 I-Anti-HBs  
     [0085] )-Anti-HBs . HBsAg .  125 I-Anti-HBs  
     [0086] The radioactivity remaining on the beads was counted in a gamma scintillation counter.  
     [0087] 2. With ELISA  
     [0088] In the Enzygnost HBsAg micro “sandwich” assay (commercially available from Behring), wells-were coated with anti-HBs. Serum plasma or purified protein and appropriate controls were added to the wells and incubated. After washing, peroxidase-labelled antibodies to HBsAg were reacted with the remaining antigenic determinants. The unbound enzyme-linked antibodies are removed by washing and the enzyme activity on the solid phase was determined. The enzymatically catalyzed reaction of hydrogen peroxide and chromogen was stopped by adding diluted sulfuric acid. The colour intensity was proportional to the RBsAg concentration of the sample and was obtained by photometric comparison of the colour intensity of the unknown samples with the colour intensities of the accompanying negative and positive control sera.  
     EXAMPLE 3  
     Preparation of Gene Constructs of the Present Invention Containing Promoter, Desired Antigen Sequences and Selection Gene  
     [0089] 1. Isolation of the MT-Promoter.  
     [0090] The plasmid pBPV-342-12 (ATCC 37224) was digested with the endonucleases BglII and BamHI. Three DNA molecules were generated. The fragment of interest contains the methallothionein promoter and a pBR322 sequence comprising 4.5 kb and is easily detectable from the other fragments (2.0 kb and 7.6 kb).  
     [0091] The reaction was performed in a total volume of 200 μl of reaction buffer at a final concentration of 0.5 μg/μl DNA including 100 units of each restriction enzyme. The completion of the digestion was checked after incubation at 37° C. for three hours by agarose gel electrophoresis at a 0.8% agarose gel. The reaction was stopped by adding 4 μl 0.5 M EDTA.  
     [0092] The 4.5 kb fragment was separated from the other fragments by preparative 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA was eluted from the agarose gel on DE-81 Whatman filter paper from which the DNA was removed in a high salt buffer. The DNA was purified by a phenol-chloroform extraction and two ethanol precipitations.  
     [0093] 2. Ligation of a 1.8 kb Fragment Coding for the HBV-Core-Antigen.  
     [0094] A 1.8 kb BamHI-BamHI fragment, containing the HBV-core coding regions was isolated from HBV-containing DNA. This fragment was ligated together with the 4.5 kb fragment containing the MT-promoter and the pBR residue (described in 1).  
     [0095] 2 μl of the 1.8 kb fragment were mixed with 3 μl of the 4.5 kb fragment and ligated together in a total volume of 10 μl ligation buffer, containing 2 units T4-DNA ligase and 2 mM ATP at 14° C. overnight.  
     [0096] The ligation mixture was added to 150 μl competent bacterial cell suspension for DNA up-take. After the DNA up-take the bacterial cells were spread on LB agar plates containing 50 μl/ml ampicillin at volumes of 50 to 300 μl cell suspension per plate. The agar plates were incubated at 37° C. overnight. Single isolated bacterial colonies were screened for the presence of a plasmid containing the desired fragments.  
     [0097] 3. Screening for Desired Plasmid Containing Bacterial Colonies.  
     [0098] Single colonies were picked with a toothpick and transferred to a LB-ampicillin medium containing tube (5 ml). The tubes were incubated overnight at 37° in a rapidly shaking environment. A mini-plasmid preparation of each grown bacterial suspension was made. The different resulting DNAs were proved by digestion with the restriction endonuclease BglII. Two molecules were expected, a 400 bp fragment and a 5.9 kb fragment. The digestion was analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Plasmid DNA was isolated from the bacterial cells.  
     [0099] 4. Insertion of a Neomycin Selection Marker.  
     [0100] The plasmid resulting from (3) above was linearized by digestion with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. The reaction was performed in a total volume of 50 μl and a final concentration of 1 μg/μl plasmid DNA. 50 units of EcoRI were added and the digestion was proved after incubation at 37° C. for three hours by agarose gel electrophoresis. The reaction was stopped by adding 1 μl of 0.5 M EDTA and the DNA was precipitated with a final concentration of 0.3 M sodium acetate and 3-4 volumes of ethanol at −80° C. for 30 minutes. The precipitated DNA was dissolved in 50 μl distilled water.  
     [0101] 2 μl of the linearized plasmid was mixed with 3 μl of the DNA fragment containing the methallothionein promoter and the neomycin selection gene (isolated from the plasmid pMT-neo-E (available from ATCC/Exogene) by digestion with the endonuclease EcoRI as a 3.9 kb fragment), and ligated together. Single bacterial colonies were screened for the presence of the desired plasmid.  
     [0102] 5. Isolation of a Fragment Containing the U2 Promoter Sequence.  
     [0103] The plasmid pUC-8-42 (available from Exogene) was digested with the restriction endonucleases EcoRI and ApaI. Two DNA molecules were generated. The fragment of interest contains the U2-promoter comprising 340 bp and is easily detectable from the other fragment (3160 bp). The digestion was performed in a total volume of 200 μl reaction buffer at a final concentration of 0.5 μg/μl DNA including 100 units of each restriciton enzyme. The completion of the digest was checked after incubation at 37° C. for three hours by agarose gel electrophoresis in a 0.7% agarose gel. The reaction was stopped by adding 4 μl 0.5 M EDTA. The 340 bp fragment was separated from the plasmid DNA by preparative 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA was eluted from the agarose gel on DE-81 Whatman filter paper from which the DNA was removed in a high salt buffer. The DNA was purified by a phenol/chloroform extraction and two ethanol precipitations.  
     [0104] 6. Insertion of the Fragment Containing the Promoter Sequence into a Polylinker Plasmid.  
     [0105] The plasmid pSP165 (commercially available from Promega Diotec) containing a polylinker sequence (containing the following restriction sites: EcoRI, SacI, SmaI, AvaI, BanHI, BglII, SalI, PstI, HindIII) was linearized with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. The reaction was performed in a total voume of 50 μl and a final concentration of 1 μg/μl plasmid DNA. 50 units of EcoRI was added and the digestion was proved after incubation at 37° C. for three hours by agarose gel electrophoresis. The reaction was stopped by adding 1 μl of 0.5 M EDTA and the DNA was precipitated with a final concentration of 0.3 M sodium acetate and 3-4 volumes of ethanol at −80° C. for 30 minutes. The precipitated DNA was dissolved in 50 μl distilled water.  
     [0106] 2 μl of plasmid DNA was mixed with 10 μl of the fragment DNA containing the U2 promoter sequence, and ligated together in a total volume of 25 μl of ligation buffer containing 2 units T4-DNA ligase and 2 mM ATP at 14° C. overnight. Thereafter, the DNA purified by phenol/chloroform extractions followed by two ethanol precipitations and dissolved in 10 μl distilled water. The resulting sticky ends of EcoRI and ApaI had to be converted into blunt ends and ligated. The sticky ends were converted into blunt ends by reaction with the Mung bean nuclease as follows: to 25 μl DNA (1 μg/μl concentration) in reaction buffer 20 units of enzyme were added to give a final concentration of 1% glycerol and a final reaction volume of 35 μl. After an incubation for 30 minutes at 30° C. the DNA was purified by phenol-chloroform extractions followed by two ethanol precipitations. The DNA was dissolved again in 5 μl of distilled water. The resulting blunt ends were ligated together in 15 μl reaction volume containing 10× more T4 ligase than used above and 2 mM ATP at 14° C. overnight.  
     [0107] The ligation mixture was added to 150 μl competent bacterial cell suspension for DNA up-take. After the DNA up-take the bacterial cells were spread on LB agar plates containing 50 μg/ml ampicillin at volumes of 50 to 300 μl cell suspension per plate. The agar plates were incubated at 37° C. overnight. Single isolated bacterial colonies were screened for the presence of a plasmid containing the desired U2-promoter fragment. The resulting plasmid was isolated from the bacterial cells and characterized by restriction enzyme analysis.  
     [0108] 7. Ligation of Synthetic Oligo-DNA-Nucleotide 89 (SEQ ID No.: 30) Together with MT-Promoter Fragment (4.5 kb) .  
     [0109] The 4.5 kb fragment (described in 1) containing the MT-promoter and a pBR residue were ligated together with the synthetic oligonucleotide 89 (SEQ ID No.: 30). The ligation mixture was added to 150 μl competent bacterial cell suspension for DNA up-take. Single isolated bacterial colonies were screened for the presence of the desired plasmid. The new plasmid was proved by a digestion with the restriction endonucleases EcoRI and XbaI. Two molecules were expected, one 2.0 kb and one 2.6 kb.  
     [0110] 8. Ligation of the Synthetic Oligonucleotide 101 (SEQ ID No.: 32) Together with Plasmid (Described in 7).  
     [0111] The plasmid (described in 7) was digested with BglII and BamHI and a fragment of 13 nucleotides was removed (described in 1). The resulting fragment containing the first oligonucleotide 89 (SEQ ID No.: 30), was ligated together with oligonucleotide 101 (SEQ ID No.: 32), a BglII-BamHI fragment. After DNA up-take single cells were screened for the presence of the desired plasmid. The new plasmid was proved by a digestion with the endonucleases EcoRI and XbaI, or EcoRI and BglII.  
     [0112] 9. Ligation of Synthetic DNA-Oligonucleotide 99 (SEQ ID No.: 31) to the 4.5 kb Fragment (Described in 1).  
     [0113] The 4.5 kb fragment (BglII-BamHI) was ligated together with the DNA oligonucleotide 99 (SEQ ID No.: 31). After screening of single bacterial colonies, containing different DNAS, the desired plasmid was characterized by digestion with EcoRI, resulting in two fragments, 1.9 kb and 2.7 kb, and by positive linearization with BglII or BamHI.  
     [0114] The new plasmid was then digested with PstI and BamHI. Two molecules were expected, one 2.6 kb fragment, containing a pBR residue, the MT-promoter and the oligonucleotide and a 2.0 kb pBR residue. The 2.6 kb fragment was isolated.  
     [0115] 10. Ligation of the 2.6 kb Fragment of the Plasmid Described in 9, with a Fragment Isolated from Plasmid (Described in 8).  
     [0116] The plasmid (described in 8) containing the DNA oligonucleotides 89 and 101 (SEQ ID No.: 30 and 32, respectively) was digested with PstI and BglII. Two fragments were expected. A 2.5 kb fragment containing a pBR residue and the MT-promoter and 2.2 kb fragment, containing a pBR residue and both oligos.  
     [0117] This 2.2 kb fragment was ligated together with the 2.6 kb fragment, containing the pBR residue, the MT-promoter and oligo 99 (SEQ ID No.: 31) described in 8.  
     [0118] After screening for the desired plasmid, it was characterized by restriction endonuclease digestion with BglII-XbaI. Two fragments were expected, a 270 bp fragment of the oligo-DNA-nucleotides and a 4.5 kb fragment of the MT-promoter and the pBR.  
     [0119] 11. Ligation of the 2.3 kb HBV BglII-BglII Fragment.  
     [0120] A 2.3 kb BglII-BglII fragment containing the HBV pre-S1, pre-S2 and S coding regions was isolated from HBV-containing DNA. The 2.3 kb fragment was ligated together with the 4.5 kb fragment (obtained as described in 1) containing the methallothionein promoter.  
     [0121] 2 μl of the 2.3 kb fragment was mixed with 3 μl of the 4.5 kb fragment and ligated together in a total volume of 10 μl ligation buffer, containing 2 units T4-DNA ligase and 2 mM ATP at 14° C. overnight.  
     [0122] The ligation mixture was added to 150 μl competent bacterial cell suspension for DNA up-take. After the DNA up-take the bacterial cells were spread on LB agar plate containing 50 μg/ml ampicillin at volumes of 50 to 300 μl cell suspension per plate. The agar plates were incubated at 37° C. overnight. Single isolated bacterial colonies were screened for the presence of a plasmid containing the desired fragment.  
     [0123] 12. Conversion of a Part of the HBV-Gene Sequence with HBV-core epitopes.  
     [0124] The plasmid resulting from 11 above was digested with the endonucleases BglII and XbaI. Two molecules were expected, one 550 bp fragment and a 6.25 kb fragment which was isolated after agarose gel electrophoresis.  
     [0125] The 6.25 kb fragment was ligated together with the 270 bp fragment (after digestion with BglII and XbaI and fragment isolation as described above) of the plasmid described in 10, coding for an epitope part of the HBV-core gene.  
     [0126] The ligation mixture was added to 150 μl competent bacterial cell suspension for DNA up-take. Single isolated bacterial colonies were screened for the presence of the desired plasmid. The new plasmid was proved by a digestion with BamHI. Three molecules were expected, a 950 bp, a 450 bp and a 5,150 bp fragment.  
     [0127] 13. Preparation of a “Vehicle” Plasmid.  
     [0128] The plasmid (described in 11) was digested with EcoRI and XbaI. Two molecules were expected, one 2,450 bp fragment and a 4,350 bp fragment which was isolated after gel electrophoresis.  
     [0129] This 4,350 bp fragment was ligated together with the oligo-DNA-nucleotide 39 (SEQ ID No: 29) coding for the entire DNA-sequence of HBV-S-gene from ATG to the XbaI site, wherein the ATG was changed into ATA.  
     [0130] 14. Core-Epitope Upstream of the Entire HBV-S Gene.  
     [0131] This “vehicle” plasmid was then digested with PstI and XbaI, two molecules were expected, one 600 bp plasmid residue and a 3,850 bp fragment which was isolated and ligated together with a PstI-XbaI fragment of 2,800 bp (2,700 bp) isolated after digestion of the plasmid described in 10.  
     [0132] After screening for the desired plasmid, it was characterized by restriction endonuclease digestion with EcoRI and XbaI, EcoRI and BglII and BamHI.  
     [0133] 15. Insertion of a Selection Marker.  
     [0134] The plasmid (described in 14) was linearized with Eco RI. The reaction was performed in a total volume of 50 μl and a final concentration of 1 μg/μl plasmid DNA. 50 units of EcoRI were added and the digestion was proved after incubation at 37° C. for three hours by agarose gel electrophoresis.  
     [0135] The reaction was stopped by adding 1 μl of 0.5 M EDTA and DNA was precipitated with a final concentration of 0.3 M sodium acetate and 3-4 volumes of ethanol at −80° C. for 30 minutes. The precipitated DNA was dissolved in 50 μl distilled water.  
     [0136] 2 μl of the linearized plasmid was mixed with 3 μl of the DNA fragment containing the methallothionein promoter and the neomycin selection gene (described in 4) and ligated together. Single bacterial colonies were screened for the desired plasmid which was isolated, purified and characterized.  
     [0137] Each gene construct described above can be constructed also with the U2-promoter whereby the MT-promoter-containing DNA fragment, after digestion with EcoRI and BglII, is replaced by a DNA fragment containing the U2-promoter isolated after digestion with EcoRI and BglII.  
     [0138] 16. Isolation of the  E coli  Xanthine Quanine Phosphoribosyl Transferase (egpt) Selection Gene.  
     [0139] The fragment containing the egpt selection gene was isolated after digestion of the plasmid PMSG with BamHI and BglII (1.8 kb) and ligated together with a 4.5 kb fragment (BglII-BamHI, described in 1) containing the MT-promoter.  
     [0140] After screening for the desired plasmid it was isolated, purified and finalized by a conversion of the BamHI site into an EcoRI site.  
     [0141] 17. Isolation of Desired DNA Sequences by PCR-Method.  
     [0142] One DNA fragment (400 bp) was isolated after gel electrophoresis. It was generated by PCR-method (described in Example 5) by using the specific oligonucleotides 131 and 132 (SEQ ID No.: 33 and 34) as primers.  
     [0143] The DNA fragemnt was digested with the endonucleases BamHI and XbaI and then purified by gel electrophoresis. The isolated PCR-fragment was ligated together with a 6.25 kb fragment which was isolated from the plasmid (described in 13) after digestion with BglII and XbaI. After DNA up-take and bacterial transformation the single bacterial colonies were screened for the desired plasmid.  
     [0144] 18. Insertion of a Selection Marker.  
     [0145] The plasmid (described in 17) was finalized by adding a selection gene to the plasmid (described in 15).  
     [0146] 19. Isolation of the H2K Promoter.  
     [0147] The H2K promoter was isolated as an EcoRI and BglII fragment (2 kb) from pSP65H2 (available from Exogene).  
     [0148] In all constructs described all promoters are replaceable as EcoRI/BglII fragments.  
     [0149] 20. Conversion of a Part of the HBV-Gene Sequence.  
     [0150] The plasmid resulting from 11) above was digested with the endonucleases BglII and XbaI. Two molecules were expected, one of which is a 6.250 kb fragment which was isolated after agarose gel electrophoresis.  
     [0151] The 6.250 kb fragment was ligated together with oligo-DNA-nucleotide 23 (SEQ ID No.: 28). The ligation mixture was added to 150 μl competent bacterial cell suspension for DNA up-take. Single isolated bacterial colonies were screened for the presence of the desired plasmid. The new plasmid was proven by a digestion with the endonucleases EcoRI and BglII. Two molecules were expected, one 1,9 kb and one 4.450 kb.  
     [0152] 21. Insertion of a egpt Selection Marker.  
     [0153] The plasmid (described in 20) was linearized with EcoRI. The reaction was performed in a total volume of 100 μl and a final concentration of 0.6 μg/μl plasmid DNA. 60 units of EcoRI were added and the digestion was proved after incubation at 37° C. for three hours by agarose gel electrophoresis. The reaction was stopped by adding 2 μl of 0.5 M EDTA and the DNA was precipitated with a final concentration of 0.3 M sodium acetate and 4 volumes of ethanol at −80° C. for 1 hour. The precipitated DNA was dissolved in 50 μl distilled water.  
     [0154] 2 μl of the linearized plasmid was mixed with 3 μl of the DNA-fragment (3.7 kb) containing the methallothionein promoter and the egpt selection gene (described in 16) by digestion with EcoRI and ligated together. Single colonies were screened for the presence of the desired plasmid. Each of the described gene constructs in Table III are preparable in the same way as described above.  
     EXAMPLE 4  
     [0155] Transfection of Mammalian Cells with Constructs of the Present Invention  
     [0156] In order to achieve secretion of substantial amounts of the HBV peptides encoded by constructs of the present invention, mammalian cells must be transfected with a DNA construct of the present invention. The cotransfection was performed in two steps (i.e. a separate transfection for each construct) or in a single step (i.e. one transfection using preparation of both constructs). Cotransfection was confirmed either by use of different selection markers on the two constructs or by detection of secretion of expression products of both constructs by immunoassay.  
     [0157] Alternatively, a sequence encoding the HBV peptide sequence of the present invention and a separate sequence encoding the entire S or core or HAV protein could be combined in a single construct.  
     EXAMPLE 5  
     Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).  
     [0158] The polymerase chain reaction allows to amplify specific DNA necleotide sequences of a selected region of a known genomic sequence in vitro by more than a millionfold (Thomas J. White, Norman Arnleim, Henry A. Erlich 1989: The polymerase chain reaction. Technical Focus, Vol. 5. No. 6; S. Kwok and R. Higuchi 1989: Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature, Vol. 339, pp 237-238).  
     [0159] DNA isolated from cells or plasmid DNA is treated to separate its complementary strands. These strands are then annealed with an excess of two DNA oligonucleotides (each 20-25 base pairs long) that have been chemically synthesized to match sequences separated by X nucleotides (where X is generally between 50 to 2,000 base pairs).  
     [0160] The two oligonucleotides serve as specific primers for in vitro DNA synthesis catalysed by DNA polymerase which copies the DNA between the sequences corresponding to the two oligonucleotides. If the two primer oligonucleotides contain the correct sequence it is possible to create new digestion sites at the 5′ and 3′.  
     [0161] After multiple cycles of reaction, a large amount of a DNA fragment of the desired length was obtained, purified by gel electrophoresis and characterized by restriction enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis. The amplified, purified DNA fragment was then used to ligate it together with other fragments i.e. plasmid.  
     [0162] The PCR-DNA fragments were amplified with blunt end. To get sticky end (for the ligation procedure) the fragment has to be digested with the desired endonucleases and purified again.  
     [0163] The PCR-reaction will work for 20 to 30 cycles. One cycle is separated into three steps with different reaction times and different reaction temperatures which is controlled by a PCR-thermo-cycler. The first step is “Denaturation” of the matrix-DNA (1 min-95° C.), the second step is “Hybridisation” of matrix DNA and primers. (1 min/55° C.) followed by “Polymerisation” (2 min/72° C.).  
     [0164] The final volume for one assay is 30 μl for example, which contains the following final concentrations: PCR-buffer (1×), nucleotide-mix with 200 μM of each of the four nucleotides, 200 ng for 30 μl of each of the two primers, 0.5 units Taq-Polymerase per 30 μl aqua bidest.  
     EXAMPLE 6  
     Culturing of Transfected Cells to Secrete Protein  
     [0165] The recipient cells (C127 or CHO-cells available from ATCC) were seeded in normal growth medium (DMEN+10% Fetal Calf Serum, Glucose and Glutamine) into petri-dishes (1-2×10 6  cells per dish, φ 10 cm) at day 1. The next day the medium was removed (4 hours before the DNA precipitate was added onto the cells), and the cells were washed twice with 1×PBS. Then 8 ml DMEM without FCS were added, 4 hours later the DNA precipitate (prepared as described below) was added to the cells. Again after 4 hours the medium was removed, 3 ml of Glycerol-Mix (50 ml 2×TBS buffer, 30 ml glycerol, 120 ml distilled water) were added. The Glycerol-Mix was immediately removed after an incubation at 37° C. for 3 minutes and the cells were washed with 1×PBS. The cells were cultivated overnight with 8 ml of DMEM with 10% FCS.  
     [0166] After 48 hours, the cells were recovered from the dish by treating with Trypsin-EDTA-Solution (0.025% Trypsin+1 mM EDTA). Afterwards, to remove the Trypsin-EDTA the cells were washed with 1×PBS, suspended in DMEM with 10% FCS and distributed into 24 costar-well-plates (cells from one dish into four 24-well-plates).  
     [0167] When the cells had grown well, selection medium was added (concentration 0.5-1 mg/ml of neomycin or: xanthine (250 μg/ml), hypoxanthine (15 μg/μl) or adenine (25 μg/ml), thymidine (10 μg/ml), aminopterine (2 μg/ml), mycophenolic acid (25 μg/ml) for eco-gpt, for example). The medium was changed every week. The first growing cell colonies were seen after 2 weeks.  
     [0168] To 10 μg of plasmid DNA and 20 μg of carrier-DNA (salmon sperm DNA, calf-thymus DNA) TE-buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.05) was added to a final volume of 440 μl and mixed together with 60 μl 2 M CaCl 2 . Then the same amount of 2×TBS (Hepes 50 mM, NaCl 280 mM, Na 2 HPO 4  1.5 mM, pH 7.05) was added and mixed well. The precipitation solution was incubated for 30 minutes at 37° C. and added directly to the cells which were to be transfected.  
     EXAMPLE 7  
     Preparation of the Adjuvant of Purified Particles  
     [0169] To the desired concentration of antigen suspended in sterile saline, 1:10,000 volume Thimerosol, 1/10 volume of filter-sterilized 0.2 M KAl(SO 4 ) 2 φ12 H 2 O were added. The pH was adjusted to 5.0 with sterile 1 N NaOH and the suspension was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The alum-precipitated antigen was recovered by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 2,000 rpm, resuspended in sterile normal saline containing 1:10,000 Thimerosol and aliquoted under sterile conditions.  
     EXAMPLE 8  
     Purification of Hepatitis-B-Core Antigen  
     [0170] The cell supernatant of HB-core-antigen-secreting cells was collected and concentrated by ultrafiltration. The concentrate was cleared by centrifugation at 20,000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4° C. in a Beckman SW28 rotor.  
     [0171] Particle formaiton was tested by sucrose density centrifugation (0-45% sucrose) in a Beckman SW28 rotor for 24 hours at 28,000 rpm and 4° C. The gradient was fractionated and the single fractions were analyzed by Elisa.  
     EXAMPLE 9  
     [0172] The following tables give some results of Elisa analysis of immunogenic particles of the present invention as described below:  
     [0173] Table IV shows the Elisa data of the purified HBs-antigen particle produced from any HBV-sequence construct of the present invention including the pre-S1 epitopes and the S region with the anti-pre-S1 monoclonal antibody MA 18/7 and the anti-HBs monoclonal antibody G022.  
     [0174] Table IV shows the fractions (21) collected after CsCl density gradient.  
                           TABLE IV-1                                   CsCl-gradient   Elisa Measurement (E = 492)           Fraction No.   Monoclonal Antibody 18/7                          13   0.092           14   0.210           15   0.388           16   1.662           17   2.604           18   0.648           19   0.031                      
 
     [0175]                           TABLE IV-2                                   CsCl-gradient   Elisa Measurement (E = 492)           Fraction No.   Monoclonal Antibody G022                          13   0.136           14   0.426           15   0.822           16   1.970           17   2.954           18   0.967           19   0.076                        
     [0176] Table V shows the Elisa data of the purified HB-core-antigen particles produced from any HB-core-sequence construct of the present invention with polyclonal antibodies against HB-core and with monoclonal antibody G022 against HB-S-Ag.  
                           TABLE V-1                                   Sucrose Gradient   Elisa Measurement (E = 492)           Fraction No.   Polyclonal Antibodies                                                    6   0.25           7   0.922           8   1.423           9   1.5           10   1.5           11   1.28           12   0.466                      
 
     [0177]                           TABLE V-2                                   Sucrose Gradient   Elisa Measurement (E = 492)           Fraction No.   Monoclonal Antibody G022                                                    6   0.020           7   0.024           8   0.018           9   0.011           10   0.015           11   0.020           12   0.022                        
     EXAMPLE 10  
     Studies of Administering Hepa-Care in Chimpanzees  
     [0178] Hepa-Care are particles presenting hepatitis B surface antigens (S1 and S) in a specific formulation (ratio 50:50), which are used for the treatment of chronic carriers of hepatitis virus.  
     [0179] Experiment 1  
     [0180] A Hepatitis-B-carrier chimpanzee  1  was treated (intramuscularly) with Hepa-Care at time 0, 4, and 8 weeks with a dosage of 18 μg per injection.  
     [0181] The liver enzymes were monitored (FIG. IV) as well as the hepatitis-B antigen level (FIG. V).  
     [0182] Experiment 2  
     [0183] Chimpanzee  1  after treatment described above was given a booster treatment at week 30, 34, and 38. The results are shown in FIG. VI.  
     [0184] Experiment 3  
     [0185] Chimpanzee  2  was treated with Hepa-Care, but contrary to chimpanzee  1  it was given intravenously. The dosage was 2 mg. The results are shown in FIG. VII.  
     [0186] From a control chimpanzee  3  the liver enzymes were also monitored and shown in FIG. VIII.  
     EXAMPLE 11  
     Treatment with Hepa-care  
     [0187] (For Definition See Example 10)  
                               Patient 1 (male, age = 65 years, disease for 2 years):                                                    Hepatitis-B parameters:   HBsAg   pos.               anti-HBs   neg.               HBeAg   neg.               anti-HBe   pos.               anti-HBc   neg.                      
 
     [0188] was treated (i.m.) with Hepa-Care at month 0, 1, 6, and 7. The results of the antigen and antibody measurements are given in FIG. IX and X.  
                               Patient 2 (female, age = 48 years, disease for 12 years):                                                    Hepatitis-B parameters:   HBsAg   pos.               HBeAg   neg.               anti-HBs   neg.               anti-HBe   pos.               anti-HBc   pos.                      
 
     [0189] was treated (i.m.) with Hepa-Care at month 0, 1, and 6. Results of antigen and antibody measurements are shown in FIG. XI and XII.  
                               Patient 3 (female, age = 41 years, disease for 5 years):                                                    Hepatitis-B parameters:   HBsAg   pos.               HBeAg   neg.               anti-HBs   neg.               anti-HBe   pos.                      
 
     [0190] was treated at month 0, 1, 2, and 5 with Hepa-Care (i.m.). The measured values of HBs antigen and anti-HBs antibodies are shown in FIG. XIII and XIV.   
    
     
       
         1 
         
           
             
40 
 
           
           
             
               558 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               1 

ATG GAC ATT GAC CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG               42 

TTA CTC TCG TTT TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTA CGA               84 

GAT CTC CTA GAC ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA              126 

GAG TCT CCT GAG CAT TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG              168 

CAA GCC ATT CTC TGC TGG GGG GAA TTG ATG ACT CTA GCT ACC              210 

TGG GTG GGT AAT AAT TTG CAA GAT CCA GCA TCC AGA GAT CTA              252 

GTA GTC AAT TAT GTT AAT ACT AAC ATG GGT TTA AAG ATC AGG              294 

CAA CTA TTG TGG TTT CAT ATA TCT TGC CTT ACT TTT GGA AGA              336 

GAG ACT GTA CTT GAA TAT TTG GTC TCT TTC GGA GTG TGG ATT              378 

CGC ACT CCT CCA GCC TAT AGA CCA CCA AAT GCC CCT ATG TTA              420 

TCA ACA CTT CCG GAA ACT ACT GTT GTT AGA CGA CGG GAC CGA              462 

GGC AGG TCC CCT AGA AGA AGA ACT CCC TCG CCT CGC AGA CGT              504 

AGA TCT CAA TCG CCG CGT CGC AGA AGA TCT CAA TCT CGG GAA              546 

TCT CAA TGT TAG                                                      558 

 
           
           
             
               504 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               2 

ATG GAC ATT GAC CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG               42 

TTA CTC TCG TTT TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTA CGA               84 

GAT CTC CTA GAC ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA              126 

GAG TCT CCT GAG CAT TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG              168 

CAA GCC ATT CTC TGC TGG GGG GAA TTG ATG ACT CTA GCT ACC              210 

TGG GTG GGT AAT AAT TTG CAA GAT CCA GCA TCC AGA GAT CTA              252 

GTA GTC AAT TAT GTT AAT ACT AAC ATG GGT TTA AAG ATC AGG              294 

CAA CTA TTG TGG TTT CAT ATA TCT TGC CTT ACT TTT GGA AGA              336 

GAG ACT GTA CTT GAA TAT TTG GTC TCT TTC GGA GTG TGG ATT              378 

CGC ACT CCT CCA GCC TAT AGA CCA CCA AAT GCC CCT ATG TTA              420 

TCA ACA CTT CCG GAA ACT ACT GTT GTT AGA CGA CGG GAC CGA              462 

GGC AGG TCC CCT AGA AGA AGA ACT CCC TCG CCT CGA AGA CGT              504 

 
           
           
             
               504 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               3 

ATG GAC ATT GAC CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG               42 

TTA CTC TCG TTT TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTA CGA               84 

GAT CTC CTA GAC ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA              126 

GAG TCT CCT GAG CAT TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG              168 

CAA GCC ATT CTC TGC TGG GGG GAA TTG ATG ACT CTA GCT ACC              210 

TGG GTG GGT AAT AAT TTG CAA GAT CCA GCA TCC AGA GAT CTA              252 

GTA GTC AAT TAT GTT AAT ACT AAC ATG GGT TTA AAG ATC AGG              294 

CAA CTA TTG TGG TTT CAT ATA TCT TGC CTT ACT TTT GGA AGA              336 

GAG ACT GTA CTT GAA TAT TTG GTC TCT TTC GGA GTG TGG ATT              378 

CGC ACT CCT CCA GCC TAT AGA CCA CCA AAT GCC CCT ATG TTA              420 

TCA ACA CTT CCG GAA ACT ACT GTT GTT AGA CGA CGG GAC CGA              462 

GGC AGG TCC CCT AGA AGA AGA ACT CCC TCG CCT CGC AGA CGT              504 

 
           
           
             
               534 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               4 

TCC AAC CTG TGC CTT GGG TGG CTT TGG GGC ATG GAC ATT GAC               42 

CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG TTA CTC TCG TTT               84 

TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTA CGA GAT CTC CTA GAC              126 

ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA GAG TCT CCT GAG              168 

CAT TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG CAA GCC ATT CTC              210 

TGC TGG GGG GAA TTG ATG ACT CTA GCT ACC TGG GTG GGT AAT              252 

AAT TTG CAA GAT CCA GCA TCC AGA GAT CTA GTA GTC AAT TAT              294 

GTT AAT ACT AAC ATG GGT TTA AAG ATC AGG CAA CTA TTG TGG              336 

TTT CAT ATA TCT TGC CTT ACT TTT GGA AGA GAG ACT GTA CTT              378 

GAA TAT TTG GTC TCT TTC GGA GTG TGG ATT CGC ACT CCT CCA              420 

GCC TAT AGA CCA CCA AAT GCC CCT ATG TTA TCA ACA CTT CCG              462 

GAA ACT ACT GTT GTT AGA CGA CGG GAC CGA GGC AGG TCC CCT              504 

AGA AGA AGA ACT CCC TCG CCT CGC AGA CGT                              534 

 
           
           
             
               534 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               5 

TCC AAC CTG TGC CTT GGG TGG CTT TGG GGC ATG GAC ATT GAC               42 

CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG TTA CTC TCG TTT               84 

TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTA CGA GAT CTC CTA GAC              126 

ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA GAG TCT CCT GAG              168 

CAT TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG CAA GCC ATT CTC              210 

TGC TGG GGG GAA TTG ATG ACT CTA GCT ACC TGG GTG GGT AAT              252 

AAT TTG CAA GAT CCA GCA TCC AGA GAT CTA GTA GTC AAT TAT              294 

GTT AAT ACT AAC ATG GGT TTA AAG ATC AGG CAA CTA TTG TGG              336 

TTT CAT ATA TCT TGC CTT ACT TTT GGA AGA GAG ACT GTA CTT              378 

GAA TAT TTG GTC TCT TTC GGA GTG TGG ATT CGC ACT CCT CCA              420 

GCC TAT AGA CCA CCA AAT GCC CCT ATG TTA TCA ACA CTT CCG              462 

GAA ACT ACT GTT GTT AGA CGA CGG GAC CGA GGC AGG TCC CCT              504 

AGA AGA AGA ACT CCC TCG CCT CGC AGA CGT                              534 

 
           
           
             
               87 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               6 

ATC CTC TGC TGG GGG GAA TGG ATG ACT CTA GCT ACC TGG GTG               42 

GGC AAT AAT TTG GAA GAT CCA GCA TCT AGG GAC CTT GTA GTA               84 

AAT                                                                   87 

 
           
           
             
               81 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               7 

GAC ATT GAC CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG TTA               42 

CTC TCG TTT TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTC AGG                   81 

 
           
           
             
               114 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               8 

TCC AAC CTG TGC CTT GGG TGG CTT TGG GGC ATG GAC ATT GAC               42 

CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG TTA CTC TCG TTT               84 

TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTC AGG                              114 

 
           
           
             
               90 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               9 

GAT CTC CTA GAC ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA               42 

GAG TCT CCT GAG CTA TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG               84 

CAA GGT                                                               90 

 
           
           
             
               261 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               10 

ATG GAC ATT GAC CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG               42 

TTA CTC TCG TTT TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTC AGG               84 

GAT CTC CTA GAC ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA              126 

GAG TCT CCT GAG CTA TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG              168 

CAA GGT ATC CTC TGC TGG GGG GAA TGG ATG ACT CTA GCT ACC              210 

TGG GTG GGC AAT AAT TTG GAA GAT CCA GCA TCT AGG GAC CTT              252 

GTA GTA AAT                                                          261 

 
           
           
             
               291 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               11 

TCC AAC CTG TGC CTT GGG TGG CTT TGG GGC ATG GAC ATT GAC               42 

CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG TTA CTC TCG TTT               84 

TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTC AGG GAT CTC CTA GAC              126 

ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA GAG TCT CCT GAG              168 

CTA TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG CAA GGT ATC CTC              210 

TGC TGG GGG GAA TGG ATG ACT CTA GCT ACC TGG GTG GGC AAT              252 

AAT TTG GAA GAT CCA GCA TCT AGG GAC CTT GTA GTA AAT                  291 

 
           
           
             
               123 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               12 

ACC TGG GTG GGT AAT AAT TTG CAA GAT CCA GCA TCC AGA GAT               42 

CTA GTA GTC AAT TAT GTT AAT ACT AAC ATG GGT TTA AAG ATC               84 

AGG CAA CTA TTG TGG TTT CAT ATA TCT TGC CTT ACT TTT                  123 

 
           
           
             
               138 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               13 

GCA TCC AGA GAT CTA GTA GTC AAT TAT GTT AAT ACT AAC ATG               42 

GGT TTA AAG ATC AGG CAA CTA TTG TGG TTT CAT ATA TCT TGC               84 

CTT ACT TTT GGA AGA GAG ACT GTA CTT GAA TAT TTG GTC TCT              126 

TTC GGA GTG TGG                                                      138 

 
           
           
             
               822 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               14 

ATG CAG TGG AAT TCC AGA ACC TTC CAC CAA ACT CTG CAA GAT               42 

CCC AGA GTG AGA GGC CTG TAT TTC CCT GCT GGT GGC TCC AGT               84 

TCA GGA ACA GTA AAC CCT GTT CTG ACT ACT GCC TCT CCC TTA              126 

TCG TCA ATC TTC TCG AGG ATA GAG AAC ATC ACA TCA GGA TTC              168 

CTA GGA CCC CTT CTC GTG TTA CAG GCG GGG TTT TTC TTG TTG              210 

ACA AGA ATC CTC ACA ATA CCG CAG AGT CTA GAC TCG TGG TGG              252 

ACT TCT CTC AAT TTT CTA GGG GGA ACT ACC GTG TGT CTT GGC              294 

CAA AAT TCG CAG TCC TCA ACC TCC AAT CAC TCA CCA ACC TCT              336 

TGT CCT CCA ACT TGT CCT GGT TAT CGC TGG ATG TGT CTG CGG              378 

CGT TTT ATC ATC TTC CTC TTC ATC CTG CTG CTA TGC CTC ATC              420 

TTC TTG TTG GTT CTT CTG GAC TAT CAA GGT ATG TTG CCC GTT              462 

TGT CCT CTA ATT CCA GGA TCC TCA ACA ACC AGC ACG GGA CCA              504 

TGC CGG ACC TGC ATG ACT ACT GCT CAA GGA ACC TCT ATG TAT              546 

CCC TCC TGT TGC TGT ACC AAA CCT TCG GAC GGA AAT TGC ACC              588 

TGT ATT CCC ATC CCA TCA TCC TGG GCT TTC GGA AAA TTC CTA              630 

TGG GAG TGG GCC TCA GCC CGT TTC TCC TGG CTC AGT TTA CTA              672 

GTG CCA TTT GTT CAG TGG TTC GTA GGG CTT TCC CCC ACT GTT              714 

TGG CTT TCA GTT ATA TGG ATG ATG TGG TAT TGG GGG CCA AGT              756 

CTG TAC AGC ATC TTG AGT CCC TTT TTA CCG CTG TTA CCA ATT              798 

TTC TTT TGT CTT TGG GTA TAC ATT                                      822 

 
           
           
             
               99 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               15 

TAT GTT AAT ACT AAC ATG GGT TTA AAG ATC AGG CAA CTA TTG               42 

TGG TTT CAT ATA TCT TGC CTT ACT TTT GGA AGA GAG ACT GTA               84 

CTT GAA TAT TTG GTC                                                   99 

 
           
           
             
               390 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               16 

TCC AAC CTG TGC CTT GGG TGG CTT TGG GGC ATG GAC ATT GAC               42 

CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG TTA CTC TCG TTT               84 

TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTA CGA GAT CTC CTA GAC              126 

ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA GAG TCT CCT GAG              168 

CAT TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG CAA GCC ATT CTC              210 

TGC TGG GGG GAA TTG ATG ACT CTA GCT ACC TGG GTG GGT AAT              252 

AAT TTG CAA GAT CCA GCA TCC AGA GAT CTA GTA GTC AAT TAT              294 

GTT AAT ACT AAC ATG GGT TTA AAG ATC AGG CAA CTA TTG TGG              336 

TTT CAT ATA TCT TGC CTT ACT TTT GGA AGA GAG ACT GTA CTT              378 

GAA TAT TTG GTC                                                      390 

 
           
           
             
               60 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               17 

AAT CCT CTG GGA TTC TTT CCC GAT CAC CAG TTG GAT CCA GCC               42 

TTC AGA GCA AAC ACC GCA                                               60 

 
           
           
             
               63 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               18 

CCT GCC TCC ACC AAT CGC CAG TCA GGA AGG CAG CCT ACC CCG               42 

CTG TCT CCA CCT TTG AGA AAC                                           63 

 
           
           
             
               63 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               19 

GAT CCA GCC TTC AGA GCA AAC ACC GCA AAT CCA GAT TGG GAC               42 

TTC AAT CCC AAC AAG GAC ACC                                           63 

 
           
           
             
               108 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               20 

CCG CAC GGA GGC CTT TTG GGG TGG AGC CCT CAG GCT CAG GGC               42 

ATA CTA CAA ACT TTG CCA GCA AAT CCG CCT CCT GCC TCC ACC               84 

AAT CGC CAG TCA GGA AGG CAG CCT                                      108 

 
           
           
             
               63 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               21 

CCT GCC TCC ACC AAT CGG CAG TCA GGA AGG CAG CCT ACT CCC 42 

ATC TCT CCA CCT CTA AGA GAC 63 

 
           
           
             
               108 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               22 

CCA CAC GGC GGT ATT TTG GGG TGG AGC CCT CAG GCT CAG GGC               42 

ATA TTG ACC ACA GTG TCA ACA ATT CCT CCT CCT GCC TCC ACC               84 

AAT CGG CAG TCA GGA AGG CAG CCT                                      108 

 
           
           
             
               60 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               23 

CAG TGG AAT TCC AGA ACC TTC CAC CAA ACT CTG CAA GAT CCC               42 

AGA GTG AGA GGC CTG TAT                                               60 

 
           
           
             
               60 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               24 

GAT CCC AGA GTG AGA GGC CTG TAT TTC CCT GCT GGT GGC TCC               42 

AGT TCA GGA ACA GTA AAC                                               60 

 
           
           
             
               558 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               25 

ATG GAC ATT GAC CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG               42 

TTA CTC TCG TTT TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTA CGA               84 

GAT CTC CTA GAC ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA              126 

GAG TCT CCT GAG CAT TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG              168 

CAA GCC ATT CTC TGC TGG GGG GAA TTG ATG ACT CTA GCT ACC              210 

TGG GTG GGT AAT AAT TTG CAA GAT CCA GCA TCC AGA GAT CTA              252 

GTA GTC AAT TAT GTT AAT ACT AAC ATG GGT TTA AAG ATC AGG              294 

CAA CTA TTG TGG TTT CAT ATA TCT TGC CTT ACT TTT GGA AGA              336 

GAG ACT GTA CTT GAA TAT TTG GTC TCT TTC GGA GTG TGG ATT              378 

CGC ACT CCT CCA GCC TAT AGA CCA CCA AAT GCC CCT ATG TTA              420 

TCA ACA CTT CCG GAA ACT ACT GTT GTT AGA CGA CGG GAC CGA              462 

GGC AGG TCC CCT AGA AGA AGA ACT CCC TCG CCT CGC AGA CGT              504 

AGA TCT CAA TCG CCG CGT CGC AGA AGA TCT CAA TCT CGG GAA              546 

TCT CAA TGT TAG                                                      558 

 
           
           
             
               678 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               26 

ATA GAG AAC ATC ACA TCA GGA TTC CTA GGA CCC CTT CTC GTG               42 

TTA CAG GCG GGG TTT TTC TTG TTG ACA AGA ATC CTC ACA ATA               84 

CCG CAG AGT CTA GAC TCG TGG TGG ACT TCT CTC AAT TTT CTA              126 

GGG GGA ACT ACC GTG TGT CTT GGC CAA AAT TCG CAG TCC TCA              168 

ACC TCC AAT CAC TCA CCA ACC TCT TGT CCT CCA ACT TGT CCT              210 

GGT TAT CGC TGG ATG TGT CTG CGG CGT TTT ATC ATC TTC CTC              252 

TTC ATC CTG CTG CTA TGC CTC ATC TTC TTG TTG GTT CTT CTG              294 

GAC TAT CAA GGT ATG TTG CCC GTT TGT CCT CTA ATT CCA GGA              336 

TCC TCA ACA ACC AGC ACG GGA CCA TGC CGG ACC TGC ATG ACT              378 

ACT GCT CAA GGA ACC TCT ATG TAT CCC TCC TGT TGC TGT ACC              420 

AAA CCT TCG GAC GGA AAT TGC ACC TGT ATT CCC ATC CCA TCA              462 

TCC TGG GCT TTC GGA AAA TTC CTA TGG GAG TGG GCC TCA GCC              504 

CGT TTC TCC TGG CTC AGT TTA CTA GTG CCA TTT GTT CAG TGG              546 

TTC GTA GGG CTT TCC CCC ACT GTT TGG CTT TCA GTT ATA TGG              588 

ATG ATG TGG TAT TGG GGG CCA AGT CTG TAC AGC ATC TTG AGT              630 

CCC TTT TTA CCG CTG TTA CCA ATT TTC TTT TGT CTT TGG GTA              672 

TAC ATT                                                              678 

 
           
           
             
               585 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               27 

CTA GAC TCG TGG TGG ACT TCT CTC AAT TTT CTA GGG GGA TCT               42 

CCC GTG TGT CTT GGC CAA AAT TCG CAG TCC CCA ACC TCC AAT               84 

CAC TCA CCA ACC TCC TGT CCT CCA ATT TGT CCT GGT TAT CGC              126 

TGG ATG TGT CTG CGG CGT TTT ATC ATA TTC CTC TTC ATC CTG              168 

CTG CTA TGC CTC ATC TTC TTA TTG GTT CTT CTG GAT TAT CAA              210 

GGT ATG TTG CCC GTT TGT CCT CTA ATT CCA GGA TCA ACA ACA              252 

ACC AGT ACG GGA CCA TGC AAA ACC TGC ACG ACT CCT GCT CAA              294 

GGC AAC TCT ATG TTT CCC TCA TGT TGC TGT ACA AAA CCT ACG              336 

GAT GGA AAT TGC ACC TGT ATT CCC ATC CCA TCG TCC TGG GCT              378 

TTC GCA AAA TAC CTA TGG GAG TGG GCC TCA GTC CGT TTC TCT              420 

TGG CTC AGT TTA CTA GTG CCA TTT GTT CAG TGG TTC GTA GGG              462 

CTT TCC CCC ACT GTT TGG CTT TCA GCT ATA TGG ATG ATG TGG              504 

TAT TGG GGG CCA AGT CTG TAC AGC ATC GTG AGT CCC TTT ATA              546 

CCG CTG TTA CCA ATT TTC TTT TGT CTC TGG GTA TAC ATT                  585 

 
           
           
             
               106 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               28 

GAT CTT TAA CAT GGA GAA CAA TCC TCT GGG ATT CTT TCC CGA               42 

TCA CCA GTT GGA TCC AGC CTT CAG AGC AAA CAC CGC AAA TCC               84 

AGA TTG GGA CTT CAA TCC CAG T                                        106 

 
           
           
             
               115 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               29 

AAT TCT AGA CTC GAG TCT GAA CAT AGA GAA CAT CAC ATC AGG               42 

ATT CCT AGG ACC CCT TCT CGT GTT ACA GGC GGG GTT TTT CTT               84 

GTT GAC AAG AAT CCT CAC AAT ACC GCA GAG C                            115 

 
           
           
             
               108 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               30 

GAT CTT TTA AAG GGA TCC TCT GCT GGG GGG AAT GGA TGA CTC               42 

TAG CTA CCT GGG TGG GCA ATA ATT TGG AAG ATC CAG CAT CTA               84 

GGG ACC TTG TAG TAA ATC TAG ACA                                      108 

 
           
           
             
               106 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               31 

GAT CTC CGG GAA TTC CTG GGG CAT GGA CAT TGA CCC TTA TAA               42 

AGA ATT TGG AGC TAC TGT GGA GTT ACT CTC GTT TTT GCC TTC               84 

TGA CTT CTT TCC TTC CGT CAG G                                        106 

 
           
           
             
               89 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               32 

GAT CTC CTA GAC ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA               42 

GAG TCT CCT GAG CAT TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG               84 

CAA GG                                                                89 

 
           
           
             
               25 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               33 

TTG GAT CCT CCA ACC TGT GCC TTG G                                     25 

 
           
           
             
               25 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               34 

CCT CTA GAA CCA AAT ATT CAA GTA C                                     25 

 
           
           
             
               588 bp  
               Nucleic Acid  
               Single  
               Linear  
             
               35 

TCC AAC CTG TGC CTT GGG TGG CTT TGG GGC ATG GAC ATT GAC               42 

CCT TAT AAA GAA TTT GGA GCT ACT GTG GAG TTA CTC TCG TTT               84 

TTG CCT TCT GAC TTC TTT CCT TCC GTA CGA GAT CTC CTA GAC              126 

ACC GCC TCA GCT CTG TAT CGA GAA GCC TTA GAG TCT CCT GAG              168 

CAT TGC TCA CCT CAC CAT ACT GCA CTC AGG CAA GCC ATT CTC              210 

TGC TGG GGG GAA TTG ATG ACT CTA GCT ACC TGG GTG GGT AAT              252 

AAT TTG CAA GAT CCA GCA TCC AGA GAT CTA GTA GTC AAT TAT              294 

GTT AAT ACT AAC ATG GGT TTA AAG ATC AGG CAA CTA TTG TGG              336 

TTT CAT ATA TCT TGC CTT ACT TTT GGA AGA GAG ACT GTA CTT              378 

GAA TAT TTG GTC TCT TTC GGA GTG TGG ATT CGC ACT CCT CCA              420 

GCC TAT AGA CCA CCA AAT GCC CCT ATG TTA TCA ACA CTT CCG              462 

GAA ACT ACT GTT GTT AGA CGA CGG GAC CGA GGC AGG TCC CCT              504 

AGA AGA AGA ACT CCC TCG CCT CGC AGA CGT AGA TCT CAA TCG              546 

CCG CGT CGC AGA AGA TCT CAA TCT CGG GAA TCT CAA TGT TAG              588 

 
           
           
             
               20 Amino Acids  
               Amino Acid  
               Linear  
             
               36 

Asn Pro Leu Gly Phe Phe Pro Asp His Gln Leu Asp Pro Ala Phe 
5                  10                  15 

Arg Ala Asn Thr Ala 
20 

 
           
           
             
               21 Amino Acids  
               Amino Acid  
               Linear  
             
               37 

Pro Ala Ser Thr Asn Arg Gln Ser Gly Arg Gln Pro Thr Pro Ile 
5                  10                  15 

Ser Pro Pro Leu Arg Asn 
20 

 
           
           
             
               21 Amino Acids  
               Amino Acid  
               Linear  
             
               38 

Asp Pro Ala Phe Arg Ala Asn Thr Ala Asn Pro Asp Trp Asp Phe 
5                  10                  15 

Asn Pro Asn Lys Asp Thr 
20 

 
           
           
             
               36 Amino Acids  
               Amino Acid  
               Linear  
             
               39 

Pro His Gly Gly Leu Leu Gly Trp Ser Pro Gln Ala Gln Gly Ile 
5                  10                  15 

Leu Glu Thr Leu Pro Ala Asn Pro Pro Pro Ala Ser Thr Asn Arg 
20                  25                  30 

Gln Ser Gly Arg Gln Pro 
35 

 
           
           
             
               36 Amino Acids  
               Amino Acid  
               Linear  
             
               40 

Pro His Gly Gly Ile Leu Gly Trp Ser Pro Gln Ala Gln Gly Ile 
5                  10                  15 

Leu Thr Thr Val Ser Thr Ile Pro Pro Pro Ala Ser Thr Asn Arg 
20                  25                  30 

Gln Ser Gly Arg Gln Pro 
35