Patent Publication Number: US-10758923-B1

Title: Irrigation devices and methods

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates generally to irrigation devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to an irrigation sprinkler. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Irrigation sprinklers are used to, for example, deliver water to a lawn or garden area. However, improvements in usability, functionality, and manufacturability of irrigation sprinklers are desirable. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the disclosed subject matter are provided below for illustrative purposes and are in no way limiting of the claimed subject matter. 
     An irrigation sprinkler is described. The irrigation sprinkler includes a first ring including a first edge defining a first plurality of semicircular recesses. The irrigation sprinkler also includes a second ring including a second edge defining a second plurality of semicircular recesses. A portion of each of the first edge and the second edge are shaped and sized to be secured together. The first ring and the second ring are secured together with each of the first plurality of semicircular recesses aligned with one of the second plurality of semicircular recesses to define a plurality of circular recesses. The first ring includes a fin proximate each circular recess. The irrigation sprinkler further includes an adjustment mechanism disposed within each of the circular recesses. Each adjustment mechanism includes an outer rotating member including an external surface defining an annular structure including at least one of an annular recess and an annular protrusion. The outer rotating member includes an internal surface defining an internal chamber. The internal surface includes inwardly disposed threads. Each adjustment mechanism also includes an inner cylindrical member including an outer surface. The inner cylindrical member includes a radially inward end and a radially outward end disposed at opposite ends of the inner cylindrical member along a radial axis of the inner cylindrical member. The outer surface defines outwardly disposed threads that engage the inwardly disposed threads. The outer surface defines a channel, the channel extending radially along only a portion of the inner cylindrical member. 
     Each fin may be disposed within the channel of an engaged one of the inner cylindrical members. Each inner cylindrical member may include a surrounding portion that surrounds each channel. The surrounding portion may have a size and shape such that contact between the fin and the surrounding portion of the engaged one of the inner cylindrical members limits rotational movement of the engaged one of the inner cylindrical members. The surrounding portion of each inner cylindrical member may include a stop surface that defines an enclosed end of each channel. The stop surface may have a position, size, and shape to limit relative movement between the fin and the engaged one of the inner cylindrical members along the radial axis of the engaged one of the inner cylindrical members. 
     Each inner cylindrical member may include a set of wings disposed at the radially inward end. Each set of wings may define a curved surface at each radially inward end. The sets of wings may collectively define a piecewise adjustable curved surface within the first ring and the second ring. 
     The irrigation sprinkler may include a rotational spray control mechanism. The rotational spray control mechanism may engage with the piecewise adjustable curved surface to control flow and spray angle. 
     Each annular structure may engage with one of the circular recesses allowing rotational movement of each outer rotating member and limiting radial movement of each outer rotating member. 
     The external surface of each outer rotating member may include an outward manipulation surface. The outward manipulation surface may define a plurality of indentations. 
     Each outer rotating member may include an outer wall defining an opening. Each inner cylindrical member may include a gauge arm situated within one of the openings. Each opening may be smaller than each outer surface defining outwardly disposed threads. 
     A method of manufacturing the irrigation sprinkler is also described. The method may include engaging the inwardly disposed threads of the outer rotating member with the outwardly disposed threads of the inner cylindrical member for each of the adjustment mechanisms. The method may also include positioning the annular structure to engage with a vacant one of the first plurality of semicircular recesses of the first ring for each of the adjustment mechanisms. The method may further include positioning the channel of the inner cylindrical member such that the fin proximate the vacant one of the first plurality of semicircular recesses is disposed within the channel of the inner cylindrical member for each of the adjustment mechanisms. The method may additionally include, after one of the adjustment mechanisms is positioned within each one of the first plurality of semicircular recesses, securing a portion of the first edge to a portion of the second edge such that each of the first plurality of semicircular recesses is aligned with one of the second plurality of semicircular recesses to form the plurality of circular recesses and such that each of the second plurality of semicircular recesses is positioned to engage with the annular structure of one of the outer rotating members. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only examples of the invention thereof and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of the invention&#39;s scope, particular embodiments will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of one embodiment of an irrigation sprinkler; 
         FIG. 1B  is a front side elevational view of the irrigation sprinkler illustrated in  FIG. 1A ; 
         FIG. 2A  is a top elevational, cross-sectional view of the irrigation sprinkler of  FIG. 1B  taken across the line  2 A- 2 A in  FIG. 1B ; 
         FIG. 2B  is a top elevational, enlarged view of the region  2 B of  FIG. 2A ; 
         FIGS. 3A-H  comprise various elevational and perspective views of an adjustment mechanism, which comprises a portion of the irrigation sprinkler of  FIG. 1A , the adjustment mechanism comprising an outer rotating member coupled to an inner cylindrical member; 
         FIGS. 4A-H  comprise various elevational and perspective views of an outer rotating member of the adjustment mechanism illustrated in  FIGS. 3A-H ; 
         FIGS. 5A-H  comprise various elevational and perspective views of an inner cylindrical member of the adjustment mechanism illustrated in  FIGS. 3A-H ; 
         FIG. 6  is a bottom elevational, cross-sectional view of the irrigation sprinkler taken across the line  6 - 6  in  FIG. 1B ; 
         FIG. 7A  is a perspective view of the first ring of the irrigation sprinkler of  FIG. 1A ; 
         FIG. 7B  is a perspective view of the second ring of the irrigation sprinkler of  FIG. 1A ; and 
         FIG. 8  is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method of manufacturing the irrigation sprinkler. 
     
    
    
     In accordance with common practice, the various features illustrated in the drawings may not be drawn to scale. Accordingly, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity. In addition, some of the drawings may be simplified for clarity. Thus, the drawings may not depict all of the components of a given apparatus (e.g., device) or method. Finally, like reference numerals may be used to denote like features throughout the specification and figures. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various aspects of the present disclosure are described below. It should be apparent that the teachings herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure, function, or both disclosed herein is merely representative. Based on the teachings herein, one skilled in the art should appreciate that an aspect disclosed herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways, even if not specifically illustrated in the figures. For example, an apparatus may be implemented, or a method may be practiced, using any number of the aspects set forth herein whether disclosed in connection with a method or an apparatus. Further, the disclosed apparatuses and methods may be practiced using structures or functionality known to one of skill in the art at the time this application was filed, although not specifically disclosed within the application. 
     The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated. 
     As used in this application, the phrases “an embodiment” or “in one embodiment” or the like do not refer to a single, specific embodiment of the disclosed subject matter. Instead, these phrases signify that the identified portion or portions of the disclosed subject matter may be combined with other aspects of the disclosure without limitation. 
     For this application, the phrases “connected to,” “coupled to,” and “in communication with” refer to any form of interaction between two or more entities, including mechanical, electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, and thermal interaction and may also include integral formation. The phrase “attached to” refers to a form of mechanical coupling that restricts relative translation or rotation between the attached objects. The phrases “pivotally attached to” and “slidably attached to” refer to forms of mechanical coupling that permit relative rotation or relative translation, respectively, while restricting other relative motion. 
     The phrase “substantially coaxially aligned,” as used herein, signifies that the pertinent members, components, or items that are “substantially coaxially aligned” with each other are within 2°, 3°, 5°, 7°, 10° or 15° of being perfectly coaxially aligned with each other. As used herein the term “substantially coaxially aligned” may signify that two items are aligned such that they share a common, imaginary axis (or within 2°, 3°, 5°, 7°, 10° or 15° of sharing the same common, imaginary axis) extending through both of the items, although the items may be spaced apart along that common, imaginary axis. 
     In the figures, certain components may appear many times within a particular drawing. However, only certain instances of the component may be identified in the figures to avoid unnecessary repetition of reference numbers and lead lines. According to the context provided in the description while referring to the figures, reference may be made to a specific one of that particular component or multiple instances, even if the specifically referenced instance or instances of the component are not identified by a reference number and lead line in the figures. 
     As used in this application, the term “proximate” signifies being next to, near, partially within, and/or completely within. In various embodiments, “proximate” may mean that one element is immediately adjacent to another element, or is within 1 millimeter (mm), 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, or 10 mm from another element. 
       FIGS. 1A and 1B  will be discussed concurrently.  FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of one embodiment of an irrigation sprinkler  100 , while  FIG. 1B  is a front side elevational view of the irrigation sprinkler  100 . In the discussion below related to  FIGS. 1A and 1B , the referenced parts are illustrated and identified in either both or only one of  FIGS. 1A and 1B  to avoid unnecessary proliferation of reference numerals. As illustrated in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , the irrigation sprinkler  100  may include three stakes  102   a - c , a support plate  104 , and a support member  106 . The stakes  102   a - c  may secure the irrigation sprinkler  100  to a surface, for example, soil, and/or grass. For instance, the stakes  102   a - c  may be driven into the ground to secure the irrigation sprinkler  100  to the ground. The support plate  104  and support member  106  may support the irrigation sprinkler  100 . For example, the support plate  104  and support member  106  may hold the irrigation sprinkler  100  in an orientation relative to the underlying surface. In various embodiments, the support plate  104  may be utilized to drive the stakes  102   a - c  into the surface, for example, by means of pressing weight on the support plate  104  (e.g., a user stepping on the support plate  104  and/or pounding the support plate  104  with a tool, such as a mallet). 
     The support member  106  may include a hollow channel, a conduit, for delivering fluid. For example, the support member  106  may be or include a pipe that allows fluid to flow through the support member  106 . The support member  106  may include or be coupled to a fluid input coupling  108 . The fluid input coupling  108  may be connected to a source of pressurized fluid (e.g., water) through, for example, a hose tap, or spigot. In various embodiments, the fluid input coupling  108  may include threads for connecting a source to the fluid input coupling  108 . Hose taps or spigots are often located adjacent to or on the exterior of a home or business, although hose taps and spigots may be located elsewhere, such as adjacent to an agricultural area or a flower bed. In various embodiments, the irrigation sprinkler  100  may include one or more control mechanisms (e.g., valves) that control whether, and to what extent, pressurized fluid entering through the fluid input coupling  108  flows through the irrigation sprinkler  100 . 
     In various embodiments, the support member  106  may include or be coupled to a fluid output coupling  110 . The fluid output coupling  110  may allow fluid to flow through the support member  106  (without passing through a casing  114 , for example). In some cases, the fluid output coupling  110  may be connected to a conduit (e.g., a hose or pipe) to allow all or part of the pressurized fluid flowing into the irrigation sprinkler  100  to flow to the conduit. For example, the pressurized fluid may flow through the conduit to another irrigation sprinkler or a fluid drain. In some cases, the fluid output coupling  110  may be coupled to a cap  112 . The cap  112  may prevent pressurized fluid from flowing out of the fluid output coupling  110 . In various embodiments, the fluid output coupling  110  may include threads for connecting a cap  112  or conduit to the fluid output coupling  110 . 
     In alternative embodiments (not illustrated), the sprinkler  100  may be devoid of stakes  102   a - c , a support plate  104 , and a support member  106  and may include a fluid input coupling and/or fluid output coupling, either threaded or unthreaded, for connection to a conduit. These types of couplings, may, for example, be incorporated into the casing  114  of the sprinkler  100 . The sprinkler  100  thus may be embodied, for example, as a pop-up, in-ground sprinkler. In various embodiments, the stakes  102   a - c , a support plate  104 , and a support member  106  may comprise an integrally or non-integrally formed member having threads that may engage with a threaded portion of the casing  114 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , the irrigation sprinkler  100  may include a casing  114 . The casing  114  may hold, support, and/or house one or more irrigation sprinkler components. The casing  114  may be attached to the support member  106 . In various embodiments, the casing  114  may include one or more protrusions  116 . The protrusions  116  may facilitate manipulation of the casing  114  and the irrigation sprinkler  100 . For example, the protrusions  116  may provide a grip for manually attaching the casing  114  to the support member  106 . In various embodiments, the support member  106  may include threads for attaching the casing  114  to the support member  106 . 
     The irrigation sprinkler  100  may include a first ring  118 . The first ring  118  may include a first edge defining a first plurality of semicircular recesses (illustrated in greater detail and identified with reference numerals in  FIG. 7A ). The first ring  118  may be attached to the casing  114 . The irrigation sprinkler  100  may include a second ring  120 . The second ring  120  may include a second edge defining a second plurality of semicircular recesses (illustrated in greater detail and identified with reference numerals in  FIG. 7B ). A portion of each of the first edge and the second edge are shaped and sized to be secured together. For example, the edges between the semicircular recesses may be shaped and sized to be secured together. The first ring  118  and the second ring  120  may be secured together with each of the first plurality of semicircular recesses aligned with one of the second plurality of semicircular recesses to define a plurality of circular recesses. For example, a portion of the first edge and a portion of the second edge may be secured together by vibration welding (e.g., ultrasonic welding), adhesives, press fit, snap fit, and/or other securing means. In various embodiments, the first ring  118  may include a fin (not shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B ) proximate each circular recess. For example, each fin may be proximate one of the circular recesses within the first ring  118 . In addition to or alternatively from the definition of “proximate” given above, a fin that is “proximate” one of the circular recesses may be closer to that particular circular recess than any other fin. 
     The irrigation sprinkler  100  may include a plurality of adjustment mechanisms  130 . The irrigation sprinkler  100  may, for example, include twelve adjustment mechanisms  130 . In other examples, other numbers of adjustment mechanisms may be included in the irrigation sprinkler  100 . Each adjustment mechanism  130  may be disposed within one of the circular recesses. Each adjustment mechanism  130  may serve to set and adjust flow (e.g., flow amount) and/or spray angle (e.g., upward and downward spray angle) of the irrigation sprinkler  100 . More detail regarding the adjustment mechanisms  130  is given in relation to  FIG. 2A  through  FIG. 7 . 
     The irrigation sprinkler  100  may include a rotational spray control mechanism  134 . The rotational spray control mechanism  134  may be pivotally attached to the second ring  120  and/or to the first ring  118 . The rotational spray control mechanism  134  may be substantially coaxially aligned with the second ring  120 , with the first ring  118 , and/or the casing  114 . For example, the rotational spray control mechanism  134  may rotate around a first axis  132  (e.g., a height axis) of the second ring  120  and/or of the first ring  118 . 
     The irrigation sprinkler  100  (e.g., the rotational spray control mechanism  134 ) may include a first nozzle  124 . The first nozzle  124  may spray pressurized fluid (e.g., water). The irrigation sprinkler  100  may include a spray deflector  126 . The spray deflector  126  may deflect the pressurized fluid (e.g., water) being sprayed from the first nozzle  124 . For example, the spray deflector  126  may be adjustable to deflect the pressurized fluid to varying upward or downward degrees, if at all. In various embodiments, the adjustment mechanism  130  that is opposite from the current rotational spray direction may set a deflection angle of the spray deflector  126 , which may be controlled by the rotational spray control mechanism  134 . 
     In various embodiments, the irrigation sprinkler  100  (e.g., the rotational spray control mechanism  134 ) may include a second nozzle  122 . The second nozzle  122  may spray pressurized fluid (e.g., water). For example, the second nozzle  122  may spray a second stream of pressurized fluid at a different angle (e.g., a lower angle) from the first nozzle  124 . 
     In various embodiments, the irrigation sprinkler  100  may include a cover  128 . The cover  128  may cover the rotational spray control mechanism  134 . The cover  128  may be attached to the rotational spray control mechanism  134 . The cover  128  may be removable to access an interior portion of the rotational spray control mechanism  134 . 
       FIGS. 2A and 2B  will be discussed concurrently.  FIG. 2A  is a top elevational, cross-sectional view of the irrigation sprinkler  100  taken across the line  2 A- 2 A in  FIG. 1B .  FIG. 2B  is top elevational, enlarged view of the region  2 B of  FIG. 2A . As shown in  FIG. 2A , the support plate  104  is visible. The first ring  118  may include a plurality of fins  240 . Each fin  240  is proximate one of the circular recesses  253 . From this top elevational, cross-sectional view, a cross section of each of the adjustment mechanisms  130   a - l  is also visible. Each adjustment mechanism  130   a - l  may be oriented along a respective radial axis. One example of a radial axis  242  is illustrated in  FIG. 2B  in relation to one adjustment mechanism  130   d . Each component and feature of the sprinkler  100  may include a radial axis  239 , which is an axis  239  extending radially away from a center  233  of the sprinkler  100  when seen from a top side elevational view. Each component and feature may likewise comprise a transverse axis  241 , which is perpendicular to the radial axis  239 . The length of an object or feature may, in various embodiments, correspond to the radial axis  239 , while the width of an object or feature may correspond to a transverse axis  241  of the object or feature. It should be noted that while additional detail is provided in  FIG. 2B  relative to one of the adjustment mechanisms  130   a - l , each adjustment mechanism  130   a - l  may be identical in various embodiments. 
     Each adjustment mechanism  130   a - l  may include an outer rotating member  250 . An example of an outer rotating member  250  is illustrated in  FIG. 2B . Each outer rotating member  250  may include an external surface  237  defining an annular structure  243  comprising at least one of an annular recess  244  and annular protrusion  245 , and an internal surface  249  defining an internal chamber  251 . The internal surface  249  defines inwardly disposed threads  257 . An example of an annular structure  243  comprising at least one of an annular recess  244  and annular protrusion  245 , and an internal surface  249  of an outer rotating member  250  of an adjustment mechanism  130   d  is illustrated in  FIG. 2B . Each annular structure  243  may engage with one of the circular recesses  253 . One example of a circular recess  253  is illustrated in  FIG. 2B . In various embodiments, an inward annular structure  293  (which may comprise at least one of an inward annular recess  297  and an inward annular protrusion  298 ) of the circular recess  253  may be positioned to engage with the annular structure  243  of the outer rotating member  250 . 
     The circular recess  253  may be formed by securing a portion of a first edge of the first ring  118  to a portion of a second edge of the second ring  120 . The portion of the first edge that may be secured to the second edge may include the portion of the first edge that does not define a semicircular recess. Additionally or alternatively, the portion of the second edge that may be secured may include the portion of the second edge that does not define a semicircular recess. The annular structure  243  may allow rotational movement of the outer rotating member  250  and may limit radial movement (e.g., inward and outward movement along the radial axis  242 , etc.) of the outer rotating member  250 . More specifically, the inward annular structure  293  of the circular recess  253  may be shaped, sized, and positioned to engage with the annular structure  243  of the outer rotating member  250  such that the outer rotating member  250  may rotate with respect to the circular recess  253 , and limit movement of the outer rotating member  250  relative to the circular recess  253  along the radial axis  242 . 
     Each adjustment mechanism  130   a - l  may include an inner cylindrical member  252 . An example of an inner cylindrical member  252  is illustrated in  FIG. 2B . Each inner cylindrical member  252  may be oriented along a respective radial axis  242 . Each inner cylindrical member  252  may include a radially inward end  278  and a radially outward end  276  disposed at opposite ends of the inner cylindrical member  252  along a radial axis  242  of the inner cylindrical member  252 . Each inner cylindrical member  252  may include an outer surface  223 . The outer surface  223  may define outwardly disposed threads  280  that engage the inwardly disposed threads  257  of an outer rotating member  250 . The outer surface  223  may define a channel (illustrated and labeled with a reference numeral in  FIG. 3B ). The channel may extend radially along only a portion of the inner cylindrical member  252 . 
     Each fin  240  may be disposed within the channel of an engaged inner cylindrical member  252 . For example, each inner cylindrical member  252  may include a surrounding portion that surrounds each channel. In various embodiments, the surrounding portion may have a size and shape such that contact between the corresponding fin  240  and the surrounding portion of the engaged inner cylindrical member  252  limits rotational movement of the engaged inner cylindrical member  252 . In various embodiments, the surrounding portion of each inner cylindrical member  252  may include a stop surface that defines an enclosed end of each channel. The stop surface may have a position, size, and shape to limit relative movement between the corresponding fin  240  and the engaged inner cylindrical member  252  along the radial axis  242  of the engaged inner cylindrical member  252 . For example, each channel and corresponding fin  240  may allow the inner cylindrical member  252  to move radially (e.g., inwardly) to a certain extent (e.g., within a range). 
     In various embodiments, each outer rotating member  250  may include an outer wall  264 . Each outer wall  264  may limit the radially outward movement of one of the inner cylindrical members  252 . For example, each inner cylindrical member  252  may move radially within a range between an outer limit where a shoulder  227  of the inner cylindrical member  252  contacts the outer wall  264  and an inner limit where the stop surface contacts the fin  240 . Each stop surface and/or fin  240  may prevent an inner cylindrical member  252  from disengaging from the inwardly disposed threads  257  and falling into the first ring  118 . Each outer wall  264  may prevent an inner cylindrical member  252  from disengaging from the inwardly disposed threads  257  and falling out of the first ring  118 . 
     In various embodiments, each outer wall  264  may define an opening  270 . Each inner cylindrical member  252  may include a gauge arm  272  situated within one of the openings  270 . An example of a gauge arm  272  is illustrated in  FIG. 2B  with respect to an adjustment mechanism  130   d . Each gauge arm  272  may provide an indication of the degree to which the inner cylindrical member  252  is positioned radially inward or outward relative to the first ring  118 . In various embodiments, each opening  270  in the outer wall  264  may be narrower (along a transverse axis  262  of the opening  270 ) than the portion of the outer surface  223  of the inner cylindrical member  252  defining outwardly disposed threads  280  (along a transverse axis  262  of the inner cylindrical member  272 ). 
     In various embodiments, each inner cylindrical member  252  may include a set of wings  246  disposed at the radially inward end  278 . An example of a set of wings  246  is illustrated in  FIG. 2B  for one of the adjustment mechanisms  130   d . In various embodiments, the set of wings  246  may comprise paired elongated extensions. In various embodiments, each set of wings  246  defines a curved surface  229  at each radially inward end  278 . The sets of wings  246  may collectively define a piecewise adjustable curved surface  217  within the first ring  118  (and/or, for example, within the second ring  120 ). 
     In various embodiments, the rotational spray control mechanism  134  may engage with the piecewise adjustable curved surface  217  to control/alter flow and spray angle. For example, the rotational spray control mechanism  134  may include a wheel  248 . The wheel  248  may be pivotally attached to the rotational spray control mechanism  134 . As the rotational spray control mechanism  134  rotates, the wheel  248  may engage with the piecewise adjustable curved surface  217  (e.g., each inner cylindrical member  252  in sequence). As illustrated in  FIG. 2A , the adjustment mechanisms  130   a - l  may be adjusted to varying degrees such that the inner cylindrical members  252  are positioned at varying depths within the first ring  118 . For example, some adjustment mechanisms  130   a - c, e - f, h - i, k - l  are adjusted radially outward to an outward limit, some adjustment mechanisms  130   g, j  are adjusted between an inward limit and an outward limit, and one adjustment mechanism  130   d  is adjusted to an inward limit. As the wheel  248  rotates, the adjustment mechanisms  130   a - l  (e.g., inner cylindrical members) may deflect the wheel  248  inwardly to varying degrees. The rotational spray control mechanism  134  may control flow and/or spray angle (e.g., upward or downward spray angle) based on the degree to which the wheel  248  is deflected. Because the adjustment mechanisms  130   a - l  are individually adjustable, the flow and/or spray angle may be adjusted based on the relative position of each adjustment mechanism  130   a - l.    
       FIGS. 3A-H ,  4 A-H, and  5 A-H will be discussed concurrently.  FIGS. 3A-H  comprise various perspective and elevational views of an adjustment mechanism  130 .  FIGS. 4A-H  comprise various perspective and elevational views of an outer rotating member  250  of the adjustment mechanism  130  illustrated in  FIGS. 3A-H .  FIGS. 5A-H  comprise various perspective and elevational views of an inner cylindrical member  252  of the adjustment mechanism  130  illustrated in  FIGS. 3A-H . It should be noted that, in order to avoid repetition of reference numerals, only a few instances of each feature or component discussed will be labeled with a reference number. As illustrated, each adjustment mechanism  130  may comprise an inner cylindrical member  252  disposed within an outer rotating member  250 . More specifically, the inner cylindrical member  252  is disposed at least partially within the internal chamber  251  defined by the outer rotating member  250 . The internal chamber  251  is defined by an internal surface  249  of the outer rotating member  250 . 
     As explained previously, an outer surface  223  of the inner cylindrical member  252  defines a set of outwardly disposed threads  280 . An internal surface  249  of the outer rotating member  250  defines a set of inwardly disposed threads  257 . As illustrated in  FIGS. 3A-H , the inwardly disposed threads  257  are sized, shaped, and positioned to engage the outwardly disposed threads  280  such that rotation of the outer rotating member  250  relative to the inner cylindrical member  252  results in movement of the inner cylindrical member  252  along the radial axis  242 . 
     Again, as explained above, the outer rotating member  250  comprises an external surface  237  defining an annular structure  243  comprising at least one of an annular recess  244  and an annular protrusion  245 . The annular structure  243  engages the inward annular structure  293  of the set of rings  118 ,  120  such that the outer rotating member  250  may rotate with respect to the set of rings  118 ,  120 . 
     The outer rotating member  250  comprises an outer wall  264  defining an opening  270 . As shown in  FIGS. 3A-H , the gauge arm  272  may be positioned within the opening  270 . The portion of the gauge arm  272  protruding out from the opening  270  indicates the relative position of the outer rotating member  250  and the inner cylindrical member  252 . 
     As explained previously, the inner cylindrical member  252  may comprise a surrounding portion  380 . The surrounding portion  380  defines and surrounds the channel  354 . The channel  354 , as illustrated, may be in the shape of a rectangular prism, although other shapes come within the scope of the disclosed subject matter. The channel  354  may be sized to receive one of the fins  240 . The surrounding portion  380  may have a size and shape such that contact between the fin  240  and the surrounding portion  380  of an engaged one of the inner cylindrical members  252  limits rotational movement of the engaged one of the inner cylindrical members  252 . 
     The surrounding portion  380  of each inner cylindrical member  252  comprises a stop surface  360 . The stop surface  360  defines an enclosed end  531  of each channel  354 . The stop surface  360  may have a position, size, and shape to limit relative movement between a fin  240  and engaged one of the inner cylindrical members  252  along the radial axis  242  of the engaged one of the inner cylindrical members  252 . Radial movement in the opposite direction is limited by contact between the outer wall  264  of the outer rotating member  250  and the shoulder  227  of the inner cylindrical member  252 . A more particular discussion of  FIGS. 3A-H ,  4 A-H, and  5 A-H is provided below. 
       FIG. 3A  comprises a front perspective view of an adjustment mechanism  130 . The adjustment mechanism  130  may include an outer rotating member  250  and an inner cylindrical member  252 . Corresponding views of the outer rotating member  250  and the inner cylindrical member  252  are illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 5A , respectively. 
       FIG. 3B  is a rear perspective view of the adjustment mechanism  130 . Corresponding views of the outer rotating member  250  and the inner cylindrical member  252  are illustrated in  FIGS. 4B and 5B , respectively. The inner cylindrical member  252  may include a set of wings  246  disposed at the radially inward end  278 . The set of wings  246  may include two or more protruding members. The protruding members may extend (e.g., widen) the inner cylindrical member  252  for engaging a rotational spray control mechanism  134  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ). For example, the set of wings  246  may allow a smoother and/or more continuous engagement with the rotational spray control mechanism  134  during rotation. 
     The outer rotating member  250  may include an internal surface  249  defining an internal chamber  251 . The internal surface  249  may include inwardly disposed threads  257 . 
     An outer surface  223  of the inner cylindrical member  252  may define a channel  354 . For example, the inner cylindrical member  252  may include a surrounding portion  380  that surrounds and defines the channel  354 . In various embodiments, the channel  354  may be in the shape of a rectangular prism with rounded edges. 
       FIG. 3C  is a first side elevational view of the adjustment mechanism  130 . Corresponding views of the outer rotating member  250  and the inner cylindrical member  252  are illustrated in  FIGS. 4C and 5C , respectively. The outer rotating member  250  of the adjustment mechanism  130  may include an external surface  237  defining an annular structure  243  comprising at least one of an annular recess  244  and annular protrusion  245 . The annular structure  243  may be positioned to engage with a circular recess  253  of the irrigation sprinkler  100 . The annular structure  243  may allow rotational movement of the outer rotating member  250  relative to the circular recess  253  and may limit radial movement of the outer rotating member  250  relative to the circular recess  253 . 
       FIG. 3D  is a second side elevational view of the adjustment mechanism  130 . Corresponding views of the outer rotating member  250  and the inner cylindrical member  252  are illustrated in  FIGS. 4D and 5D , respectively. The inner cylindrical member  252  may include an outer surface  223 . The outer surface  223  may define outwardly disposed threads  280 . The outwardly disposed threads  280  may engage the inwardly disposed threads  257  of the outer rotating member  250 . The inner cylindrical member  252  may include a gauge arm  272 . 
       FIG. 3E  is a radially-outward-end elevational view of the adjustment mechanism  130 . Corresponding views of the outer rotating member  250  and the inner cylindrical member  252  are illustrated in  FIGS. 4E and 5E , respectively. The outer rotating member  250  may include an outer wall  264 . The outer wall  264  may define an opening  270 . The inner cylindrical member  252  may include the gauge arm  272  situated in the opening  270 . 
     In various embodiments, the external surface  237  of the outer rotating member  250  may include an outward manipulation surface. The outward manipulation surface may define a plurality of indentations  358 . The indentations  358  may facilitate manual rotation of the outer rotating member  250 . The indentations  358  may be omitted in certain embodiments or, may be configured in alternative shapes (e.g., a V-shaped indentation rather than a rounded indentation  358 ). 
       FIG. 3F  is a radially-inward-end elevational view of the adjustment mechanism  130 . Corresponding views of the outer rotating member  250  and the inner cylindrical member  252  are illustrated in  FIGS. 4F and 5F , respectively. The inner cylindrical member  252  may include a surrounding portion  380  surrounding the channel  354 . The surrounding portion  380  may include a stop surface  360  to limit relative movement between the inner cylindrical member  252  and a fin  240 . 
       FIG. 3G  is a top side elevational view of the adjustment mechanism  130 . Corresponding views of the outer rotating member  250  and the inner cylindrical member  252  are illustrated in  FIGS. 4G and 5G , respectively. The adjustment mechanism  130  may comprise a radial axis  242 . The inner cylindrical member  252  may include a radially inward end  278  and a radially outward end  276  disposed at opposite ends of the inner cylindrical member  252  along the radial axis  242 . A transverse axis  262  may also be defined perpendicular to the radial axis  242 . In various embodiments, the set of wings  246  may protrude in an arcuate pathway along the transverse axis  262  from the radial axis  242 . 
       FIG. 3H  is a bottom elevational view of the adjustment mechanism  130 . Corresponding views of the outer rotating member  250  and the inner cylindrical member  252  are illustrated in  FIGS. 4H and 5H , respectively. In various embodiments, the set of wings  246  may define a curved, concave surface  229  at the radially inward end  278  of the inner cylindrical member  252 . In various embodiments, the channel  354  may be disposed on the bottom, or lower surface, of the inner cylindrical member  252 . The surrounding portion  380  may include the stop surface  360 . 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating a bottom elevational, cross-sectional view of the irrigation sprinkler  100  shown in  FIG. 1B  across the line  6 - 6 . In particular,  FIG. 6  illustrates a plurality of adjustment mechanisms  130   a - l . A first ring  118  of the irrigation sprinkler  100  may include a plurality of fins  240   a - l . Channels  354   a - l  may be defined by each outer surface  223  of an inner cylindrical member  252  for each adjustment mechanism  130   a - l . A wheel  248  of the rotational spray control mechanism  134  may engage the adjustment mechanisms  130   a - l.    
       FIG. 7A  is a perspective view of the first ring  118  of the irrigation sprinkler  100 . The first ring  118  may include a first edge  788  defining a plurality of semicircular recesses  790 . A portion  792  of the first edge  788  (e.g., all of the peaked parts of the first edge  788 ) may be secured to a portion of the second ring  120 . In various embodiments, the first ring  118  may include fins  240 . In various embodiments, the first edge  788  may define and/or include a plurality of holes  797 . The holes  797  may align with posts included in the second ring  120  (e.g., the second edge  794 ). 
       FIG. 7B  is a perspective view of the second ring  120  of the irrigation sprinkler  100 . The second ring  120  may include a second edge  794  defining a second plurality of semicircular recesses  796 . A portion  798  of the second edge  794  (e.g., all of the peaked parts of the second edge  794 ) may be secured to a portion  792  of the first edge  788  of the first ring  118 . In various embodiments, the second edge  794  may define and/or include a plurality of posts  795 . When secured together, the posts  795  of the second edge  794  may be disposed within the holes  797  of the first edge  788 . 
       FIGS. 7A-B  illustrate that the semicircular recesses  790 ,  796  may comprise inward annual structure  293  including at least one of an inward annular recess  297  and an inward annular protrusion  298 . The inward annular structure  293  may be shaped in size to engage with the annular structure  243  of the outer rotating member  250  such that the outer rotating member  250  may rotate with respect to the first and second rings  118 ,  120 . Of course, as the rings  118 ,  120  are not yet assembled as illustrated in  FIG. 7A-7B ; accordingly, the inward annular structure  293  is shown in an unassembled state in these figures. 
       FIG. 8  is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method of manufacturing the irrigation sprinkler  100 . The method  800  may include engaging  802  the inwardly disposed threads  257  of the outer rotating member  250  with the outwardly disposed threads  280  of the inner cylindrical member  252  for each adjustment mechanism  130 . 
     The method  800  may also include positioning  804  the annular structure  243  of the outer rotating member  250  to engage with a vacant one of the first plurality of semicircular recesses  790  of the first ring  118  for each adjustment mechanism  130 . The method  800  may further include positioning  806  the channel  354  of the inner cylindrical member  252  such that the fin  240   a - l  proximate the vacant one of the first plurality of semicircular recesses  790  is disposed within the channel  354  of the inner cylindrical member  252  for each adjustment mechanism  130 . The method  800  may additionally include securing  808  a portion of the first edge  788  to a portion of the second edge  794  such that each of the first plurality of semicircular recesses  790  is aligned with one of the second plurality of semicircular recesses  796  to form the plurality of circular recesses  253  and such that each of the second plurality of semicircular recesses  796  is positioned to engage with an annular structure  243  of one of the outer rotating members  250 . For example, a portion of the first edge  788  and a portion  798  of the second edge  794  may be secured together with, for example, vibration welding, adhesive, press fit, snap fit and/or other securing mechanism or means. In various embodiments, the securing  808  process may encompass ultrasonic welding a portion of the first edge  788  to a portion of the second edge  794 . 
     It should be noted that one or more of the steps of the method  800  may be performed in a different order and/or may be performed concurrently and/or simultaneously with one or more other steps. For example, the channel  354  may be positioned  806  such that the fin  240   a - l  is disposed within the channel  354  or the fin  240  may be positioned such that it aligns with the channel  354 . In another example, each step may be performed concurrently for all of the adjustment mechanisms  130   a - l.    
     It is understood that any specific order or hierarchy of steps in any disclosed process is an example of a sample approach. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. 
     The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed.