Patent Publication Number: US-7711716-B2

Title: Optimizations for a background database consistency check

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
   The subject specification relates generally to databases and in particular to a database consistency check. 
   BACKGROUND 
   In the computer industry, a database typically refers to a collection of information stored in a specific structure. Furthermore, the specific structure normally arranges data as a plurality of objects commonly consisting of queries and tables. A database management system (DBMS) functions as a control system for the database. Different types of DBMSs exist for different types of data models; moreover, data models are both a way of structuring data and a way of defining operation performable on data. 
   One common DBMS is a relational database management system (RDBMS) which is so named because it uses a relational data model, generally formed from theory and predicate logic. A RDBMS has numerous tables where the system maintains data collection in rows and columns. A common RDBMS used in conjunction with databases is a sever using Transact-Structured Query Language. Structured Query Language (SQL) is a programming language commonly used in databases with several variations available, typically in proprietary form. 
   In a typical database network, a relational database management system (RDBMS) operates with database consistency checks (DBCCs) during off-peak hours. In most databases, there exists a source and a snapshot database when a DBCC takes place. The source database contains the database as a whole, whereas the database snapshot contains a sparse copy of the database. Before a user performs a database transaction, a system makes copies of each page the user is changing in the source database. This allows the DBCC to function in regards to a consistent point of time. A reason for creating snapshots is to allow for corrections of bad transactions. 
   The DBCC reads the pages from the database snapshot if the snapshot is present. If the page being read by the DBCC has been changed since the snapshot was created, then the version of the page in the DB snapshot is used; if not, then the source database page is used. In this operation, the DBCC does not utilize pages changed by an ongoing operation, and typically performs a fact-matching algorithm. The system reads an internal data structure in disk-allocation-order. As the system performs the reads, it generates and stores pieces of information called facts in an internal storage structure. After completion of reads, the system matches and aggregates the stored facts to determine if any incorrect facts are present. Consequently, a large number of checks are performed for just a single pass over the database structure. The snapshot database and the fact-matching algorithm consume a large amount of disk space, which is proportional to a rate of change in a source database since pages are copied when they are modified by a user transaction. 
   SUMMARY 
   The following discloses a simplified summary of the specification in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the specification. This summary is not an extensive overview of the subject specification. It is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of the subject specification nor delineate the scope of the subject specification. Its sole purpose is to disclose some concepts of the specification in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is disclosed later. 
   Two disclosed principles allow for improved checking of consistency in a database. The first principle relates to running a database consistency check (DBCC). The DBCC runs on a database without creating a database snapshot. This allows the DBCC to run directly on pages of a database without creating a snapshot (that consumes valuable system resources). When pages are changed in a database during running of the DBCC, a supplemental check can take place that generates facts for the changed page—this does not create an un-necessary copy of a changed page. 
   A second principle is early fact aggregation. This principle allows for aggregation of facts while consistency checks are taking place. Facts that cannot be cancelled are stored in a sorted arrangement so relevant facts can be quickly found. Each time a fact is generated, it is compared with already existing facts to determine if any facts can be cancelled. This lowers amount of memory used during aggregation since facts can be cancelled without waiting for a generation of all facts. Accordingly, consistency checking is improved over conventional schemes, and utilization of valuable system resources is mitigated. 
   The following description and the annexed drawings set forth certain illustrative aspects of the specification. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the specification may be employed. Other advantages and novel features of the specification will become apparent from the following detailed description of the specification when considered in conjunction with the drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a representative database server with a database check component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a representative database server with a notification component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a representative database server with a report component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a representative database server with a repairing component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a representative database server with an optimization component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a representative database server with an early aggregation component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a representative database server with a supplemental check component and an early aggregation component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a representative database server with a database page component and a subscriber modification component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a representative database server with a repair component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a representative database server with a maximization component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a representative database server with a report component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates representative database server with a sampling component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 13  illustrates representative database server with an expression component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates a representative database server with a link component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 15  illustrates a representative database server with a compression component in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a representative methodology of scanning modified pages during a database consistency check in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 17  illustrates a representative methodology of early fact aggregation in accordance with an aspect of the subject specification. 
       FIG. 18   a  illustrates a first part of a representative methodology practicing several embodiments disclosed in the subject specification. 
       FIG. 18   b  illustrates a second part of a representative methodology practicing several embodiments disclosed in the subject specification. 
       FIG. 19  illustrates an example of a schematic block diagram of a computing environment in accordance with the subject specification. 
       FIG. 20  illustrates an example of a block diagram of a computer operable to execute the disclosed architecture. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   The claimed subject matter is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. It may be evident, however, that the claimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing the claimed subject matter. 
   As used in this application, the terms “component,” “module,” “system”, “interface”, or the like are generally intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a controller and the controller can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. As another example, an interface can include I/O components as well as associated processor, application, and/or API components. 
   Furthermore, the claimed subject matter may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. For example, computer readable media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips . . . ), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD) . . . ), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive . . . ). Additionally it should be appreciated that a carrier wave can be employed to carry computer-readable electronic data such as those used in transmitting and receiving electronic mail or in accessing a network such as the Internet or a local area network (LAN). Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications may be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the claimed subject matter. 
   Moreover, the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. 
     FIG. 1  is an example database server  100  with several consistency check components. A database server  100  has an initiation component  102  that starts consistency checks to be executed on database component  104 . This initiation takes place for example based on a received command, which can originate from several different locations. In one embodiment, the command originates from a host device. An instance of this initiation is a network administrator sending the command from a computer to run consistency checks. In another embodiment, the command originates from within the database server. There can be a timing circuit in the initiation component, and after a specific duration of time (e.g., one week since the previous check), the initiation component initiates a new series of checks. Each time the command runs, the initiation component can send a signal to a storage component  106  to log that an initiation has taken place. 
   There are two main kinds of consistency checks that run on database component  104 : a database consistency check (DBCC) and a supplemental consistency check (SCC). Database check component  108  runs the DBCC on pages of information stored in the database component  104 . The DBCC scans pages directly from the database component  104 , without use of a database snapshot. Since no database snapshot is employed, a supplemental check component  110  runs a SCC on pages that have changed since start of the DBCC. A consistency check only needs to read a page once, so if one check scans a page (e.g., SCC), then other checks (e.g., DBCC) do not need to scan the same page again. 
   When checking respective pages of the database component  104 , the DBCC generates facts relating to the page. A generated fact is a packet of information about a page in a database component  104 . An example of a generated fact is information that a first page points to a second page (e.g., a pointer). These pointers should point to one another; such that, if page ‘X’ points to page ‘Y’ then page ‘Y’ should point to page ‘X’. However, if pointers do not point to one another at the completion of consistency checks, that is indicative of an error in database consistency. Generated facts are stored in a storage component  106 . These facts can be stored in any suitable configuration, including in a sorted arrangement. The storage component  106  can have an aggregation component that cancels facts against one another. After aggregation, any facts left over represent consistency errors. 
   There are several important cases where there should be synchronization with copy-on-write processes (e.g., processes present in the functioning of the supplemental check component  110 ) and the database check component  108 . In a first case, the DBCC asks for a page that has changed since commencement of the DBCC. Since the page has changed, the page has been read by the SCC. In this case, the DBCC synchronizes correctly with copy-on-write threads to ensure the DBCC does not generate facts for pages twice (e.g. once from the SCC and once from the DBCC). In typical operation, the database check component  104  consults with an in-memory bitmap in a storage location  108  to determine if the copy-on-write already generated facts for a page. If the copy-on-write generated no facts, then database check component  104  generates these facts. 
   In a second case, the DBCC requests a page that already exists in a database. A DBCC scanner, which is commonly part of the database check component  104 , reads the page as is typical, and generates facts based on that page. For a DBCC scanner to read a page, it should not have changed since the command began. In a third scenario, a user transaction modifies the page and performs the fact generation. The supplemental check component  110  checks this page automatically and generates appropriate facts. 
   The subject specification describes a number of benefits over running a database snapshot. The only save made by the DBCC is saving facts about a page, which requires a smaller amount of disk space then a full copy of a page. In addition, it is faster to run a single check on a database component  104  then to save a copy, and then run a check. The checking process takes less time, and as a result, there is a smaller window to change pages, which means faster consistency checks are performed. 
   In an example of the system shown in  FIG. 1 , a credit card billing operation can employ a database sever, which uses the disclosed features. A credit card company can have a central database  104  that handles its financial matters. At 3 a.m. (local time) of each Saturday, for example, the system can run the consistency checks. While the attempt of running at “off-peak” hours can limit page changes, in a global economy, there are likely a number of page changes that take place at this time. These checks determine if there are any errors in the system, specifically relating to physical and logical consistency of the system. A common example of a page change is if a subscriber makes a credit card purchase, then a subscriber&#39;s financial debit changes due to this purchase, which modifies a page on the network that holds this information. 
   If the page change took place during running a DBCC, then the supplemental check component  110  would check the changed page and no copy of the page would need to be made for checking purposes. If there are no errors with the modified page, then the page transfers directly into the database with the only storage of the page being necessary facts. If there is an error (e.g., an inconsistency), then the supplemental check component  110  can operate accordingly. 
     FIG. 2  is an example database server  200  with a notification component  202 . An initiation component  204  begins a running of a series of checks on a database component  206 , storing any necessary information in a storage component  208 . A notification component  202  can send a notice that the initiation took place. For example, a message can travel from the notification component to an administrator that an initiation was successful. During any consistency check, there is typically a greater consumption of server resources then when there is no check taking place. Therefore, it can be beneficial that a subscriber (e.g., a customer attempting to modify information) be aware that a consistency check is taking place or about to take place. The notification component  202  can send a notice to a subscriber that an initiation has taken place and their experience can be affected if the consistency checks begin during a transaction. In another embodiment, the notification component  202  can send a notice to the database check component  210  and/or the supplemental check component  212  to pause a DBCC and/or SCC while the subscriber performs a transaction. 
   The server runs two different consistency checks. A first check, run by a database check component  210 , verifies data in the database component  206 , commonly in the form of pages. A second check, a SCC, run by a supplemental check component  212  checks any pages that have changed since a DBCC commenced, but before it completes. Any necessary facts about the pages are stored in the storage component  208 . A subscriber that attempts a transaction while these checks are taking place can be provided a notice from the notification component  202  of the event. The notification component  202  can also implement a feature that notifies the subscriber of an expected time the check will complete or a guaranteed time when the check will complete. This allows the subscriber to select another time if he/she so chooses. This typically is merely a notification, so the subscriber can make an informed decision, though the notification component  202  can be configured to allow only limited access or no access. However, the notification component  202  can also send to the user the facts that the SCC generated from a scan of their changed page. 
     FIG. 3  is an example database server  300  with a report component  302 . An initiation component  304  initiates a command for running checks on a database component  306 . A log of the initiation can be stored in a storage component  308 . A report component  302  can access information stored in the storage component  308  and create a report based on that information. For example, the report component  302  could extract a log of the initiation from the storage component  308 , and place the log information into a report. The report can then be sent out to a variety of destinations including a management component and another storage component. In addition, the report component  302  can communicate information relating to a failure. For example, if the initiation component  304  did not send out an initiation when it was supposed to, the report component  302  can send information about the failure to a diagnostic component. 
   The initiation component&#39;s  304  command instructs a database check component  310  and a supplemental check component  312  to run consistency checks on a database component  306 . Any suitable information generated through the consistency checks can be used by the report component  302 . The report component  302  can keep track of facts generated and send this information to a management system. This information can travel as an actual report (e.g., an organized format) or the information can travel as raw data. In addition, the report component  302  can send information to just one location or to a plurality of locations. The reported information that travels to different locations can be the same, some different and some the same, or different information. Once all checks complete, the report component  302  can send out raw data that the check has been completed. The report component  302  can transmit virtually every piece of information about the database server  300 , and the consistency checks. 
     FIG. 4  is an example database server  400  with a repair component  402 . In normal operation, an initiation component  404  receives a command to initiate consistency checks on a database component  406 . Based on the command appropriate checks are initiated. However, there are times in which the initiation component fails to initiate appropriate checks. A repair component  402  can attempt to repair the initiation component  404  so the appropriate checks can be run. This can be accomplished through a troubleshooting algorithm where the repair component  402  attempts several actions with the goal of one of the actions repairing the failure. Logs can be made about repair attempts, or the results of the attempts; and these logs can be stored in a storage component  408 . 
   Other errors can occur in a database server  400 . There can be errors with consistency checks, stemming from a database check component  410  and a supplemental check component  412 . For example, either of these components could fail to operate properly (e.g., they do not produce any facts for any page when facts should be produced). The repair component  402  can attempt to repair each of these components  410 ,  412 . A common way for the repair component  402  to perform repairs is having diagnostic capabilities to determine where the error is located. Once errors are determined, the repair component  402  can pinpoint a procedure to fix a discovered failure. 
   In normal operation, the database check component  410  and supplemental check component  412  generate facts based on performed scans of pages in the database component  406 . At completion of scans, facts should be able to cancel out one another. However, any facts not cancelled signify a consistency error in the database component  406 . A repair component  402  can attempt to correct any errors determined by the two different consistency checks. For example, if there are six facts that could not cancel, then the repair component  402  can attempt to isolate the problem. This can take place through a number of different means. Two of the six facts can be deleted by the repair component  402 , while the new pointers can be created for three of the facts. The remaining sixth fact remains unchanged and continues in error. The repair component  402  can also be equipped with a transmission component that transmits error messages when the repair component  402  encounters a problem that it cannot repair. 
   In another embodiment, the repair component  402  integrates with repairing features not associated with consistency checks. For example, the repair component  402  can have both repairing capabilities for the displayed components as well as capabilities for correcting subscriber problems. A subscriber can attempt to log into their account. However, an error can occur that does not allow the subscriber to successfully log into their account. The repair component  402  can attempt to rectify this error. This demonstrates that the repair component  402  can integrate with repair features independent of constancy checks. 
     FIG. 5  is an example database server  500  with an optimization component  502 . There are certain times when it is best to run consistency checks. An optimization component  502  can function to have consistency checks run at an optimal time. For example, the optimization component  502  can send a command to an initiation component  504  that it is time to run necessary consistency checks. 
   There are several possible embodiments for the optimization component  502 . A first embodiment is having a given set of parameters for running a consistency check. For example, the optimization component  502  can have a set parameter that if the number subscribers modifying pages of a database component  506  are less then a set number (e.g. fifty subscribers), then the optimization component  502  signals the initiation component  504  to initiate the checks. A database check component  508  and a supplemental check component  510  run a DBCC and SCC respectively on pages in a database component  506 . Facts are generated during these checks and the facts are stored in a storage component  512 . This embodiment can be further configured that checks take place no more often then in a period (e.g., once a week). This means that even if there are less then fifty subscribers, the checks will not run if the checks took place within a week. 
   A second embodiment is having a time window in which to run the checks and the optimization component  502  allows the checks based on stored history. For example, many billing databases have off-peak hours. An operation at 10:00 p.m. GMT can have most of the evening hours (e.g., 5 p.m.-9 p.m.) over the Atlantic Ocean. This could be an optimal time to conduct a check since a great deal of use can take place between the evening hours. The optimization component  502  can select a time in a window between 9 p.m. GMT and 11 p.m. GMT to run the check. A review can take place of a previous history of the time in the window. Base on the previous history, the optimization component  502  can instruct the initiation component  504  when to run the checks. The optimization component  502  can store its selection in memory and use information stored in memory the next time it selects to send a command. 
   A third embodiment of the optimization component  502  is notifying a server administrator that the checks should take place. For example, the optimization component  502  can keep track of how many pages have been modified. If there have been a specific number of page modifications (e.g. ten thousand modifications), then the optimization component  502  can send a message to an administrator that it so many modifications have taken place and the checks should be run. The server administrator can select the best time to run the checks. If the system administrator has not selected to run the checks in a given amount of time (e.g. within three days of receiving the message), then the optimization component  502  can send a reminder message. 
   In a further embodiment, the subject specification can be configured with the ability to run both a supplemental check as well as run a classical database snapshot operation. The optimization component  502  can select which operation would be best at the given time. For example, if on a certain database server  500  there have been a number of system crashes running one type, then the optimization component  502  can select to run the other type. Another example is if a database server  500  already has database snapshot capabilities, then the system can be re-configured with the capability of running a supplemental check; however, it may be wasteful to eliminate the database snapshot capability. Therefore, if there is an error in the running of the supplemental check component  510 , the optimization component  502  can return the database server  500  to running a database snapshot. The optimization component  502  makes the appropriate selection and sends a command to the initiation component  504 . 
     FIG. 6  is an example database server  600  with an early aggregation component  602 . An initiation component  604  signals to a database check component  606  to run a DBCC upon a database component  608 . This initiation commonly takes place after a specific increment of time (e.g., once a month), though there can be other implementations, such as an initiation from a network administrator. The DBCC generates facts about each page it scans from the database component  608 . Each fact passes through an early aggregation component  602  prior to entering a storage component  610 . The early aggregation component  602  can operate in any configuration, including a configuration with a classic database snapshot. 
   The early aggregation component  602  compares each held fact (e.g. a fact that is currently in the early aggregation component  602 ) with the facts stored in the storage component  610 . The comparison can be performed in a number of different manners, including comparing each stored fact with the held fact or only comparing the held fact with stored facts in certain classes. If the early aggregation component  602  can cancel a held fact with a stored fact, then it will perform a cancellation. If the held fact cannot be cancelled with a stored fact, then the held fact travels to the storage component  610  where it is stored. To keep an organization of the facts, the storage component  610  can store the facts in a sorted arrangement. Any fact not ultimately cancelled is considered an indication of a consistency error. 
     FIG. 7  is an example of a database server  700  with both an early aggregation component  702  as well as a supplemental check component  704 . An initiation component  706  signals to both a database check component  708  and a supplemental check component  704  to perform consistency checks on the contents of a database component  710 . These checks are commonly a DBCC and a SCC respectively. Each fact passes through an early aggregation component  702  that attempts to eliminate a held fact with a stored fact. This drawing integrates the features of the supplemental check component  704  disclosed in other parts of the subject specification with the early aggregation component  702 . While the components disclosed in the subject specification can add together in various configurations, this combination merits particular attention. This combination allows the principles of both the supplemental check component  704  and the early aggregation component  702  to be used together to create an efficient database consistency checking system. 
     FIG. 8  is an example of the operation of the functionality within database server  700  disclosed in  FIG. 7  according to one embodiment  800  of the subject specification. When a DBCC begins, a database check component  802  reads pages located in the database component  804 . Specifically, these pages are read from a database page component  804   a . Each time a page is read, the database check component  802  generates facts for the page. These facts pass to an early aggregation component  806 . The early aggregation component  806  compares a held fact with facts stored in a storage component  808   
   Facts that cannot be cancelled pass to the storage component  808 . These facts are stored in a sorted arrangement (e.g., in a B-tree index). When facts can be cancelled, the early aggregation component  806  deletes both the held fact as well as the stored fact. Facts are commonly cancelled when the facts are a pointer (e.g., page “A” points to page “B”) and a counterpoint (e.g., page “B” points to page “A”). 
   There are instances when a page becomes modified during the running of the DBCC. A supplemental check component  810  runs a SCC, which checks any pages that are modified during the DBCC. The supplemental check component  810  reads these pages from a page modification component  804   b , which is commonly located within the database component  804 . Facts are also generated for the pages located in the page modification component  804   b  by the supplemental check component  810 . These facts travel to the early aggregation component  806  where the same comparisons are made as the comparisons made for facts generated by the DBCC. A fact generated by the DBCC and stored in the storage component  808  can cancel with a fact generated by the SCC and visa versa. 
     FIG. 9  is an example database server  900  with a repair component  902 . An initiation component  904  can send an instruction to a database check component  906  to run a DBCC on a database component  908 . However, there can be occasions when the initiation component  904  fails to send out the instruction at the appropriate time. A repair component  902  can attempt to fix any problems within a database server  900 , including a failure of an initiation component  904 . Once there is a successfully repair, the repaired component can resume functioning or it can wait until an appropriate time (e.g., when it receives a new command to initiate consistency checks). Any successful repair or repair attempts can be logged in the storage component  910  or memory within the repair component  902 . 
   When an instruction arrives at the database check component  906 , the database check component  906  should run a DBCC. However, it is possible that there is a failure to run the DBCC or the DBCC runs incorrectly. The repair component  902  can attempt to correct the error to allow for the running of a successful DBCC. When a successful DBCC takes place, facts are generated by the database check component  906  and these facts travel to an early aggregation component  912  that compares a held fact with facts stored in a storage component  910 . The early aggregation component  912  can fail to make any comparison or make an incorrect comparison. The repair component  902  can attempt to repair any failures in the early aggregation component  912 . 
   At completion of a DBCC and any fact aggregation, there should be no facts remaining in the storage component  910 . All facts should have been cancelled by an aggregation process and any non-cancelled facts are considered indicators of system errors. The repair component  902  can attempt to rectify these errors. This rectification can take place through a number of different methods, including creating new return-points or by deleting already existent pointers. 
   In one embodiment of the subject specification, the repair component  902  attempts to repair errors prior to the completion of aggregation. This can take place when a finite number of pointers exist in a system. At minimum, the typical storage consumption would be 50% for an error-free system. This is because the early aggregation component  912  would store half of the facts. Any fact beyond half should be able to cancel with an already existing fact. Therefore, if there is ever more then 50% of the facts stored in a storage component  910 , then it is known there is an error since there cannot be enough generated facts to cancel out all existing stored facts. If the total amount of facts generated is known prior to completion and the repair component  902  determines an error exists (e.g., the repair component  902  determines more then 50% of the facts have been generated), then the repair component can operate prior to completion of a DBCC to correct errors the facts represent. 
   There can be times the repair component  902  is unable to rectify an encountered problem. The repair component  902  can have a transmission component that transmits to an auxiliary component that it was unable to complete a successful repair. The auxiliary component (e.g., a maintenance system or an out of server repair component) can take appropriate steps relating to the unsuccessful repair. In one embodiment, the auxiliary component can be a more robust repair component with greater capabilities then the repair component. The auxiliary component can attempt to repair a cause of any failure. In another embodiment, the auxiliary component can merely log the fact a repair was unsuccessfully attempted. The repair component  902  can also use the transmission component to document when a successful repair was made. 
   While this repair component  902  is similar to the repair component  402  in  FIG. 4 , this component has specific characteristics concerning the early aggregation component  912 . It is possible to have the repairing component  402  in  FIG. 4  combined with the repair component  902 . Features present in either component can be present in the other component. 
     FIG. 10  is an example database server  1000  with a maximization component  1002 . An initiation component  1004  sends authorization to database check component  1006  to begin to run a check on a database component  1008 . Generally, authorization time is stored in a storage component  1010 . The database check component  1006  generates facts about pages in the database component  1008  and facts pass through a maximization component  1002 . The maximization component  1002  checks on both the database check component  1006  and an early aggregation component  1012 . 
   The maximization component  1002  functions to allow the database check component  1006  to operate at best or near best performance. In an early aggregation component  1012 , a small memory cache can temporarily hold information. This is the location it holds generated facts before the facts transfer into a B-tree index located in a storage component  1010 . As the memory cache becomes too full, contents automatically transfer into a temporary file, commonly on a system hard drive. As the contents of the memory cache load into the temporary file, several negative occurrences commonly take place. First, it can be slower for the server to operate out of the temporary file then the memory cache. Secondly, the placement of information on a memory hard drive can reduce overall system performance. 
   Due to the above-mentioned difficulties, for improved system performance, the maximization component  1002  attempts to operate so no information moves into the temporary file. For example, as a DBCC stores more facts in the storage component  1010 , it may take the early aggregation component  1012  longer to complete a check. The maximization component  1002  can recognize the slowdown and delay operation of the DBCC. 
   For example, a database server has a memory cache that can hold 8-Kilobytes (KB). As a DBCC begins, memory cache is empty. As the DBCC scans pages of the database component  1008 , the database check component  1006  can generate facts about the page. Facts generated by the database check component  1006  are ultimately stored in the storage component  1010 , commonly in a B-tree index. After each fact is generated, the early aggregation component  1012  compares held facts with facts in the B-tree index. However, as the B-tree index becomes larger, it takes the early aggregation component  1012  longer to check a fact. If too many facts build up in the memory cache of the early aggregation component  1012 , then stored information moves to the temporary file. Since movement to the temporary file is undesirable, the maximization component  1002  can slow the DBCC to allow the early aggregation component  1012  to process more facts thus freeing more memory. 
   There can be further implementations of the maximization component  1002 . For example, there can be a calculation algorithm that assists in running the maximization component  1002 . A calculation component can perform real-time calculations for an amount of time the DBCC takes to scan a page. In addition the calculation component can calculate a duration to generate facts as well as the amount of time it take the early aggregation component  1012  to complete a comparison for one fact. For example, using the example in the previous paragraph, when the 8 KB memory cache fills to 6 KB (75%), the calculation algorithm can run to determine if any actions should be taken to slow the DBCC. This takes place because the goal is to achieve the most efficient consistency check. If the DBCC stops only when the memory cache fills, thus allowing for the early aggregation component  1012  to catch up, then it is possible that this is not efficient process for a consistency check. The calculation component can also be configured to determine when to place the DBCC back to full speed. 
   In an alternative embodiment of the subject specification, a server administrator selects a process modification. For example, a user can select the times when the DBCC slows down. The user can select the DBCC to run at 75% when memory cache is 25% full, and the DBCC to run at 25% when memory cache is at 70% capacity. In another embodiment of the subject specification, the maximization component  1002  selects any modification of a process. Performance of this selection takes place through an artificial intelligence component, which can be pre-programmed at a server time of manufacture. 
     FIG. 11  is an example database server  1100  with a report component  1102 . An initiation component  1104  sends an authorization to a database check component  1106  to run a consistency check (e.g., a DBCC check) on a database component  1108 . The report component  1102  is similar to the report component  302  in  FIG. 3 . This means it can report information about the database server  1100 , including information about the initiation component  1104 . In addition, the report component  1102  can report information relating to a database check component  1106 , a database component  1108 , and a storage component  1110 , all of which operate to assist in checking consistency of information in the database component  1108 . 
   One of the main differences between the two report components is the report component  1102  has the capability of reporting information about an early aggregation component  1112 . This can be a wide array of information, including a number of errors found as well as the average amount of comparisons made for generated facts. Reported information can be in a formalized report created by the report component  1102  or the report component  1102  can report raw data. 
   In another embodiment of the subject specification, the report component  1102  can report information on other components related to the early aggregation component  1112 . For example, if the configuration included the maximization component  1002  of  FIG. 10 , the report component  1102  could report information relating to maximization. The report component  1102  can inform a server administrator of the amount of time a DBCC is able to run at full potential. Information such as this can assist an administrator in determining the efficiency of consistency checks. 
   In a further embodiment of the subject specification, the report component  1102  creates a formalized report, and stores the formalized report in the storage component  1110 . A server administrator can access the report from the storage component  1110  at a later time. It is also possible to have a management component within the storage component  1110  that compiles raw information received from the report component  1102 . This allows for development of an overall view of a consistency check system within a database server  1110 . 
     FIG. 12  is an example database server  1200  with a sampling component  1202 . An initiation component  1204  sends a command to a sampling component  1202  and the sampling component  1202  sends an instruction to a database check component  1206  to run a sample DBCC upon a database component  1208 . The sample DBCC runs though an early aggregation component  1210  in a similar fashion to a full DBCC. A sample DBCC runs in lieu of a full DBCC because a full DBCC can be very time consuming. The database check component  1206  can run a full DBCC, usually depending on the sample DBCC. Any fact generated from either the DBCC or information about the DBCCs is stored in a storage component  1212 . 
   While not ideal in many databases, a sampling component  1202  could function to help determine if a full DBCC must take place. In one embodiment, the sampling component  1202  allows the DBCC to generate facts for a limited number of pages. The early aggregation component  1210  runs a check to determine errors. If there are no errors, then the sampling component  1202  can signal the initiation component  1204  that full DBCC does not need to take place. This can be useful on a database server  1200  that benefits from often running DBCCs. Since running a full DBCC can lower overall system performance, a sample DBCC allows for running a DBCC often without using a large amount of system resources. 
   The sampling component  1202  would typically operate in a database server where the database component  1208  is very small (e.g., there are very few pages) or in a database server  1200  that limits the number of pages to which a page can point. For example, if a database server  1200  limits pages to point to two other pages, there would be a maximum of two facts generated per scan. The database check component  1206  can operate in a sampling manner to scan ten pages, thus producing a maximum of twenty facts. The early aggregation component  1210  then compares each fact. If a fact points to a page that has not yet been scanned, then the early aggregation component  1210  can instruct the database check component  1206  to scan the page in question. While the early aggregation component  1210  completes all comparisons, a total number of errors are known, ranging from zero to twenty. If a certain number of errors is reached (e.g., two errors), then the early aggregation component  1210  can instruct the initiation component  1204  to run a full DBCC. If less then a specific number of errors are found, then a full DBCC is not run. However, it is possible for the full DBCC to run even without finding any errors. The outcome of the sampling component  1202  can assist in estimating error numbers that a full DBCC can find. 
     FIG. 13  is a database server  1300  with an expression component  1302 . An initiation component  1304  signals to a database check component  1306  to run a DBCC. The DBCC generates facts relating to pages stored in a database component  1308 . An early aggregation component  1310  attempts to cancel facts that relate to one another. Any fact that cannot be cancelled passes through an expression component  1302  before entering a storage component  1312 . The expression component  1302  determines how facts are to be stored in the storage component  1312 . 
   The expression component  1302  selects a sorted arrangement to use (e.g., materialized arrangement). A materialized view, also known as an indexed view, is a common implementation (e.g., sort type) used by the early aggregation component  1310  and this is often selected by the expression component  1302 . A materialized view is a format in which results (e.g., facts) are stored in a table that updates infrequently. Aggregation work performed by the early aggregation component  1310  is expressed in terms of a view expression selected by the expression component  1302 . A B-tree index for storing facts is built on top of the expression. This simplifies the implementation of early aggregation. 
     FIG. 14  is an example database server  1400  with a link component  1402 . An initiation component  1404  sends a signal to a database check component  1406  to run a DBCC. The database check component  1406  can run the DBCC on database components inside (e.g., a database component  1408 ) and outside the database sever  1400  Components on which to run a check are typically determined from the signal of the initiation component  1404 . The database server  1400  uses a link component  1402  to communicate with other servers and to operate on their components. The DBCC runs on any database components instructed by the initiation component  1404 . In common operation, facts generated return to the database server  1400  to enter into early fact aggregation and to be stored. This is done through an early aggregation component  1410  and a storage component  1412  respectively. However, it is possible for the facts to be stored in other locations, including storage locations on other database servers. 
   While not shown in the drawings, the link component  1402  can also run in accordance with a supplemental check component. The components shown in the subject specification can integrate together in various configurations. The link component  1402  allows for a supplemental check component to run a SCC as well as the database check component  1406  to run a DBCC on other network servers. Even if other network servers are only equipped to run with database snapshots, the link component  1402  allows an SCC to run on the other servers and for early fact aggregation of generated facts. 
   In practice, many of the components of the database server  1400  will have different capabilities then components found in other drawings. The reason for the difference is that there will likely be a higher volume of activity on a database server  1400  with a link component  1402 . For example, memory cache of the early fact aggregation component  1410  can be larger since it will likely handle a larger amount of facts. In addition, a database check component  1406  can scan faster since there are likely more databases that need scanning. 
   The link component  1402  can be outfitted with an organization component. The organization component can allow other components not to become confused base on the scans. For example, if facts pass through the same early aggregation component  1410 , then similar facts, if not identically named facts, can enter. For example, on database component ‘2’ page ‘A’ points to page ‘B’. On database component ‘3’ page ‘B’ points to page ‘A’. While these appear to cancel each other out, since they are on different database components, they do not actually cancel one another. To help assure that the early aggregation component  1410  does not become confused, the organization component acts to attempt to prevent a mistake as shown in the above example. 
     FIG. 15  is an example database server  1500  with a compression component  1502 . An initiation component  1504  sends an instruction to a database check component  1506  to perform a consistency check on a database component  1508 . The database check component  1506  generates facts based on the consistency check, and passes these facts to an early aggregation component  1510 . The early aggregation component  1510  compares a held fact with stored facts and if facts cannot cancel out, they are compressed by a compression component  1502  and stored in a storage component  1512 . The early aggregation component  1510  should have the capability of comparing facts that are in a compressed format. However, the early aggregation component  1510  can be configured to decompress facts it is checking and resend decompressed facts back to the compression component  1502  for another decompression. 
   In another embodiment of the subject specification, the compression component  1502  can compress B-trees stored in the storage component  1512 . The early aggregation component  1510  can configure to identify what a fact contains in compressed form. This can be take place because every generated fact passes through the early aggregation component  1510 , so the early aggregation component  1510  can be configured recognize facts that have passed through it at a later time. Once a fact passes through the early aggregation component  1510 , it can be compressed and stored into the B-tree. This allows for occupation of less storage in the storage component  1512 . 
   In a further embodiment of the subject specification, any cancelled facts can travel to the compression component  1502  and these facts can be compressed and stored as opposed to mere deletion. A database server  1500  can have a reason to look at the cancelled facts once have been cancelled from the early aggregation component  1510 . Some reasons for doing this are to check on the accuracy of the early aggregation component  1510  and to keep an average of a number of pages in which a single page points. As stated elsewhere in the subject specification, a desire in database operations is to lower the amount of consumed memory. The compression component allows the cancelled facts to be stored in a smaller location then conventional operation. 
     FIG. 16  is an example methodology  1600  of running a supplemental consistency check without using a database snapshot on a server. A user starts a transaction  1602  and during this transaction, the user modifies a page stored in a database  1604 . The methodology performs a check to determine if there is a DBCC taking place  1606 . If there is no check-taking place, then the page moves into an appropriate location in the database and the methodology returns it for any other modifications during the user transaction  1608 . The reason this takes place is there is no harm to a consistency check if the check is not taking place. If the check is running, then the server obtains database consistency context  1610 , which is commonly performed by a supplemental check component. The generated facts are about the page and the methodology returns for determining if any other changes take place in the user transaction  1612 . 
     FIG. 17  is an example methodology  1700  of running an early fact aggregation with a DBCC. The methodology creates a B-tree for storing facts  1702 . A B-tree is a sorted index that allows for insertions and deletions of rows during run time. A B-tree arrangement would be an appropriate organization for many of the discussed sorts; however, other arrangements can be used. The common organization of a B-tree is one B-tree per fact type. As scanners insert rows into B-trees, there is scanning of adjacent facts to determine if the fact is complete. Therefore, there can be a creation of multiple B-tree indexes during a single consistency check. 
   Act  1704  is spawning parallel scan threads that assist in connecting the various B-trees together. There can be a number of actions that follow the spawning; however, the present methodology continues to event  1706 . Action  1706  is obtaining the next page in a scan. A scan runs by a checking component that checks pages in a database. For many page in the database, a checking component generates a fact  1708 . The checking component can be a database check component, a supplemental check component, a component operating with a database snapshot, or other component types. The generated fact transfers into storage  1710  where it stores into an appropriate B-tree, commonly within a storage component. 
   An adjacent fact scan begins  1712 , commonly after the commencement of the insertion of facts in the B-tree. This scan checks if the facts are in an adjacent location in the B-tree indexes in the storage component. There is an aggregation check to determine if an aggregation is complete  1714 . This can be seen as a complete aggregation (e.g. facts can cancel) or an incomplete aggregation (e.g., facts cannot cancel). If there is a fact that can be cancelled, then event  1716  cancels facts that can aggregate (e.g., a scanned fact and an adjacent related fact). With the deletion of any aggregated facts, the methodology  1700  continues to attempt to obtain another page in the scan. If there is no compete aggregation (e.g., no facts can cancel one another out), then the methodology  1700  continues toward another page scan. 
   Regardless of the outcome of event  1714  there is a check determining if there is a completion of the scan  1718 . The completion of the scan commonly means that no pages in the database remain un-scanned. If there are more pages in the scan, then the methodology  1700  obtains another page  1706 . If there are no more pages for scanning, then the methodology  1700  attempts to determine errors present in the database  1720 . Facts that remain (e.g. facts that have not cancelled with another fact) signify a consistency error. As an implementation optimization, the methodology  1700  can be implemented as a materialized view over fact storing structures. As rows insert into fact storage, the view definition can be executed and could perform the aggregation, removing any rows from storage that are “aggregate-complete”. 
   This methodology discloses storing facts first, then pulling them from the storage to perform aggregation. Disclosed components can arrange to perform this functionality in addition to attempting to aggregate a fact prior to any storage, as well as other configurations. 
     FIG. 18   a - b  is an example methodology  1800  of a consistency check running various aspects of the subject specification. Most operations of the methodology  1800  take place within a server. An action takes place checking if it is an appropriate time to run a DBCC  1802 . For example, there can be a server configuration that allows a check to take place where there is only a limited amount of traffic. If the time is not optimal, then the methodology does not run the check  1804 . This denial can include rescheduling the time or performing a constant check to determine if the traffic is low enough to run the check in allowable conditions. 
   Act  1806  is initiating DBCC parameters, which is commonly done by the initiation component if it is an optimal time. This means that a signal travels to appropriate components demonstrating that it is time to operate. An example of a parameter is to which device to store generated facts. Database information is commonly stored in a storage location  1808 . Stored information can be virtually anything, such as storing what time an initiation signal is sent was well was if the methodology  1800  performed an optimization check  1802 . While not shown in the methodology  1800 , a number of acts can add information to a storage component. 
   The next two actions are typically run within the same process, but are two distinct events. A first action is a running of a DBCC  1810 , which normally runs without a database snapshot. The DBCC checks pages located within a database. Checked pages are commonly stored in a sort in cache memory. As a subscriber (e.g. someone trying to modify a database page) attempts to start a transaction, the methodology  1800  provides notice to a subscriber that a DBCC is taking place  1812 . This way the subscriber can choose to operate their transaction at another time. At this action  1812 , the subscriber can also be given an expected time for the check to be complete, the server can register a log and notify the subscriber when the check is complete, compensate the subscriber (e.g., give financial credit to their account), as well as numerous other options. In another embodiment, consistency checks can slow or pause to allow a user transaction to take place. Therefore, there is no interruption to a subscriber. This can be beneficial in implementations where a subscriber transaction is top priority (e.g., a situation where delays can cause a customer to take business to another provider). 
   When a user selects to continue with their transaction, they can modify a page in the database though the transaction. When there is a page modification, a supplemental check component runs a SCC  1814 . In one context, this means that the subscriber initiates the SCC, likely without even knowing it. This check views the page once and generates facts accordingly. The page transfers to the database and the DBCC does not run on the page since it has already been checked by the SCC. Facts generated by the SCC are commonly stored in the same location as facts from the DBCC. The running of the SCC does not usually take place if no changes take place to the page during the DBCC, since there are no pages modified during the DBCC. 
   Action  1816  determines which type of aggregation to run. While the present methodology  1800  operates with early-fact aggregation, it is possible to run other types of aggregation, including aggregation following the completion of any checks. In one embodiment, a system prepares to run one of two types of fact aggregation. The first type is full early-fact aggregation  1818 . This full aggregation performs a complete check of facts and pointers created in a database. This allows for a complete understanding of a database&#39;s consistency. The second type is sample early-fact aggregation  1820 . While not plausible in many situations, a sample fact aggregation can give a general impression of the database consistency while not taking as long as full fact aggregation. For example, a sample aggregation can be run once a week in addition to a guaranteed full run once a week. If after a specified time or amount (e.g., 20% completion) of the checks, if there is a certain amount of cancellations, then the server stops the check. If there is not a certain amount of cancellations, then the system moves to complete full early-fact aggregation. 
   The methodology  1800  runs an appropriate early-fact aggregation  1822 . This aggregation performs real-time aggregation with the DBCC and SCC. Facts left over after completion of aggregation are determined as errors  1824 . The system can attempt to repair these errors, typically though a repair component  1826 . Results of at least some of the above actions are commonly reported to a system administrator  1828 . In reporting results, a specific report can be created or information can be sent as raw data. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 19 , there is illustrated a schematic block diagram of a computing environment  1900  in accordance with the subject specification. The system  1900  includes one or more client(s)  1902 . The client(s)  1902  can be hardware and/or software (e.g., threads, processes, computing devices). The client(s)  1902  can house cookie(s) and/or associated contextual information by employing the specification, for example. 
   The system  1900  also includes one or more server(s)  1904 . The server(s)  1904  can also be hardware and/or software (e.g., threads, processes, computing devices). The servers  1904  can house threads to perform transformations by employing the specification, for example. One possible communication between a client  1902  and a server  1904  can be in the form of a data packet adapted to be transmitted between two or more computer processes. The data packet may include a cookie and/or associated contextual information, for example. The system  1900  includes a communication framework  1906  (e.g., a global communication network such as the Internet) that can be employed to facilitate communications between the client(s)  1902  and the server(s)  1904 . 
   Communications can be facilitated via a wired (including optical fiber) and/or wireless technology. The client(s)  1902  are operatively connected to one or more client data store(s)  1908  that can be employed to store information local to the client(s)  1902  (e.g., cookie(s) and/or associated contextual information). Similarly, the server(s)  1904  are operatively connected to one or more server data store(s)  1910  that can be employed to store information local to the servers  1904 . 
   Referring now to  FIG. 20 , there is illustrated a block diagram of a computer operable to execute the disclosed architecture. In order to provide additional context for various aspects of the subject specification,  FIG. 20  and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment  2000  in which the various aspects of the specification can be implemented. While the specification has been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions that may run on one or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the specification also can be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software. 
   Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices. 
   The illustrated aspects of the specification may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices. 
   A computer typically includes a variety of computer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media can comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the computer. 
   Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
   With reference again to  FIG. 20 , the example environment  2000  for implementing various aspects of the specification includes a computer  2002 , the computer  2002  including a processing unit  2004 , a system memory  2006  and a system bus  2008 . The system bus  2008  couples system components including, but not limited to, the system memory  2006  to the processing unit  2004 . The processing unit  2004  can be any of various commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multi-processor architectures may also be employed as the processing unit  2004 . 
   The system bus  2008  can be any of several types of bus structure that may further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. The system memory  2006  includes read-only memory (ROM)  2010  and random access memory (RAM)  2012 . A basic input/output system (BIOS) is stored in a non-volatile memory  2010  such as ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer  2002 , such as during start-up. The RAM  2012  can also include a high-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data. 
   The computer  2002  further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD)  2014  (e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal hard disk drive  2014  may also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD)  2016 , (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette  2018 ) and an optical disk drive  2020 , (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk  2022  or, to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as the DVD). The hard disk drive  2014 , magnetic disk drive  2016  and optical disk drive  2020  can be connected to the system bus  2008  by a hard disk drive interface  2024 , a magnetic disk drive interface  2026  and an optical drive interface  2028 , respectively. The interface  2024  for external drive implementations includes at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE 1394 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are within contemplation of the subject specification. 
   The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For the computer  2002 , the drives and media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to a HDD, a removable magnetic diskette, and a removable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of media which are readable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and the like, may also be used in the example operating environment, and further, that any such media may contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods of the specification. 
   A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM  2012 , including an operating system  2030 , one or more application programs  2032 , other program modules  2034  and program data  2036 . All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also be cached in the RAM  2012 . It is appreciated that the specification can be implemented with various commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems. 
   A user can enter commands and information into the computer  2002  through one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g. a keyboard  2038  and a pointing device, such as a mouse  2040 . Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, an IR remote control, a joystick, a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit  2004  through an input device interface  2042  that is coupled to the system bus  2008 , but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, etc. 
   A monitor  2044  or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus  2008  via an interface, such as a video adapter  2046 . In addition to the monitor  2044 , a computer typically includes other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc. 
   The computer  2002  may operate in a networked environment using logical connections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s)  2048 . The remote computer(s)  2048  can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainment appliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer  2002 , although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device  2050  is illustrated. The logical connections depicted include wired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN)  2052  and/or larger networks, e.g. a wide area network (WAN)  2054 . Such LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which may connect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet. 
   When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer  2002  is connected to the local network  2052  through a wired and/or wireless communication network interface or adapter  2056 . The adapter  2056  may facilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN  2052 , which may also include a wireless access point disposed thereon for communicating with the wireless adapter  2056 . 
   When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer  2002  can include a modem  2058 , or is connected to a communications server on the WAN  2054 , or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN  2054 , such as by way of the Internet. The modem  2058 , which can be internal or external and a wired or wireless device, is connected to the system bus  2008  via the serial port interface  2042 . In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer  2002 , or portions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device  2050 . It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are example and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers can be used. 
   The computer  2002  is operable to communicate with any wireless devices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand, restroom), and telephone. This includes at least Wi-Fi and Bluetooth™ wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices. 
   Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bed in a hotel room, or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks (which use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands, at an 11 Mbps (802.11a) or 54 Mbps (802.11b) data rate, for example, or with products that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can provide real-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernet networks used in many offices. 
   What has been described above includes examples of the subject specification. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the subject specification, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the subject specification are possible. Accordingly, the subject specification is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes” is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.