Patent Publication Number: US-9885184-B2

Title: Stucco crack reduction at corners

Description:
RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
     This utility patent application is a continuation in part of design patent application Ser. No. 29/526,176 filed on Aug. 13, 2015 which is a continuation in part application Ser. No. 29/477,998 filed on Dec. 30, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. D739039, which is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 13/769,536 filed on Feb. 18, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,615,950. These related patent applications and patents are incorporated herein by reference and made part of this utility application as if fully set forth herein. Moreover, the inventor incorporates herein by reference any and all patents, patent applications, and other documents hard copy or electronic, cited or referred to in this application. 
    
    
     COPYRIGHT AND TRADEMARK NOTICE 
     This application includes material which is subject or may be subject to copyright and/or trademark protection. The copyright and trademark owner(s) has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by any of the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright and trademark rights whatsoever. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     (1) Field of the Invention 
     The invention generally relates to means and methods of preventing or reducing stucco cracks at door and window corners. More specifically, disclosed embodiments include corner elements or work pieces that integrate into a stucco installation and then evenly dissipate differential building movement. 
     (2) Description of the Related Art 
     Lath and stucco material combine to form an integral unit. First, walls of a structure are waterproofed during the lathing process with two layers of grade D paper or equivalent. Next, a metal lath or chicken wire is installed and secured with 1¼″ staples or other appropriate fasteners with the intended purpose of providing an ideal surface to support the plaster material. Stucco usually comprises a three coat system with a thickness of ⅞″ and is applied in the following sequence: scratch coat, brown coat and finish coat. Stucco is applied as a wet cementitious material that may crack during the drying process, or more often may crack as a result of building settlement or earth movement. Cracks most often develop at or near window and door corners where building movements become unevenly dispersed. 
     The prior art of control joints on exterior stucco walls is often used in an effort to minimize cracks in large or long stucco panels. Although not intentionally created for this purpose, control joints can also be used at doors and windows. However, control joints add time and expense during the stucco installation process adding several hours of labor per control joint to ensure proper installation. Control joints are visible upon completion of the stucco system and may reduce the design appeal of the stucco, thereby deterring some builders or architects from using stucco. Thus, control joints represent a shortfall in the art. 
     The prior art often resorts to a synthetic material used in acrylic finish coats which may stretch to some extent with building movement in an effort to reduce the likelihood of hairline cracks. Unfortunately, exterior acrylic finish coats often fail to exhibit the necessary flexibility to remain intact since most structural cracks develop in the scratch coat and move outward toward the finished surface. Therefore, the superficial nature of acrylic finishes alone cannot hide or prevent most structural cracks. Consumers are also discouraged from incorporating an acrylic finish application into a stucco system due to the high cost associated with synthetic material. 
     More recently, the prior art involving new base and mesh systems have been advocated by various stucco trade organizations that employ polymer-modified coatings which are applied over the brown coat. Such solutions deal with the general field of stucco walls and teach away from specially addressing door or window corners. It is important to note that using a reinforcing fiber mesh embedded in a base coat is very costly, since it requires another coat of material to be applied over the entire structure. This option is often presented to customers by plastering contractors, although due to the additional time and cost associated with this system, it is usually declined. When accepted, the success of the mesh system is most effective in controlling minor cracks on large, uninterrupted surfaces and not at locations of most stress, specifically openings with square corners. See Base and Mesh Systems for Crack Reduction (March 2011) Stucco Manufactures Association, Newport Beach, Calif. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 1,355,756 issued on Oct. 12, 1920 to Earley is entitled “Flexible Joint for Stuccoed Buildings” discloses a spacer system to create an air space near doors and windows to allow surrounding stucco work to move without directly pressing upon stucco applied over door or window joints. The product is very similar to a casing bead around a frame, in that it functions more as a plaster stop and does not distribute the concentration of stress that accumulates and is released at the corners of windows and doors; thus cracks still form. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,488 issued on Mar. 24, 1987 to Nicholas et al is entitled “Expansion Joint for Plaster Walls” and discloses a unitary extruded plaster screed expansion joint system to reduce stucco cracks. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,699,638 issued on Dec. 23, 1997 to Maylon is entitled “Stucco Arch Casing Bead” and discloses an arch casing bead with a mounting flange and other features to facilitate the construction of stucco archways. Maylon fails to teach or consider the reduction of stucco cracks as Maylon is used to create a smooth surface for aesthetic and architectural purposes. The structure of Maylon would not work for reducing stucco cracks, but is merely used as a mold system. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,820,958 issued on Oct. 13, 1998 to Swallow discloses an elastic membrane with a pair of parallel strips. Swallow presents an interior cover-up adhesive to cover interior cracks prior to application of spackle or dry wall mud. Swallow merely spans both ends of a drywall repair and fails to consider the issue of preventing future cracks on stucco. The physical device of Swallow bears no resemblance to the disclosed embodiments. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,123 issued on Jan. 25, 2011 to Mariarz is entitled “Stop Bead for Separating Stucco Material from a Frame of a Window or Door” and discloses a slight variation to the traditional L-Bead system used to reduce the time and cost of applying stucco near a door or window. Here again, no corner provisions are considered, as the Mariarz disclosure is concerned with the speed of stucco application and not the reduction of subsequent cracks. Thus, there is a long felt need in the art for the embodiments of the present invention. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention overcomes shortfalls in the related art by presenting an unobvious and unique combination, configuration and use of circular corner systems or corner elements that reduce stucco cracking often caused by building settlement or building movement, especially when such movement occurs at corner construction components. While the prior art teaches away from individual treatment of each door and window corner, the present invention focuses on each corner and eschews the prior art&#39;s penchant for long control joints. The present invention provides solutions to prevent stress cracks at corners of windows and doors, which has been neglected by prior art. The disclosed implements are easy to fasten and to integrate into typical stucco installation. The disclosed implements do not interfere with a traditional stucco installation and application since the disclosed implements may be embedded in the scratch coat and hidden from view. The disclosed embodiments increase the appeal of stucco by reducing structural cracks and increasing consumer satisfaction. 
     The present invention overcomes shortfalls of the prior art by radially dispersing building movement caused by the oppositional forces exerted upon vertical and horizontal members of door and window frames. The prior art recognizes but yet fails to effectively address the fact that during building movement, door and window frames will buckle or move outwardly at corner junctures causing an uneven displacement of the framing members within the stucco system. In the prior art, such uneven or differential displacement of framing members pulls apart the integrated stucco, causing unsightly stucco cracks. 
     There is a long standing and pervasive problem associated with stress cracks in stucco. Cracks can occur at any location within a stucco system, but most commonly originate at the 90 degree corners of openings that are used for the installation of windows and doors; it is at these points that the greatest concentration of stress is released. Since there is a greater predisposal for the formation of structural cracks at these corner locations, the presently disclosed embodiments have been created to evenly dissipate corner component movements and hence reduce stucco cracks. 
     The present invention overcomes shortfalls in the art by using and producing a circular corner element (and corner element variations) that provides additional strength to stucco at each window or door corner, dissipates displacement of stucco movement that spans to either side of a door or window corner, separates movement of framing members from stucco at corners, provides a flexible back bone to stucco at corners, provides a flexible contact to either side of a corner and provides other advantages and attributes as described and illustrated herein. 
     Disclosed circular corner elements may comprise circular voids that help to more evenly disperse stucco movement around either side of a corner, in stark contrast to the prior art wherein moving stucco strikes a horizontal and/or vertical corner framing member, causing the stucco to heave and crack. The circular voids may be positioned in radial form, starting from a center circular void and positioned outwardly in the form of concentric circles or other forms. The length of the circular voids may be varied and/or staggered so as to allow a circular corner element to flex in a myriad of shapes so as to further dissipate and displace the movement of stucco and/or building components. 
     Disclosed circular corner elements may comprise outer perimeter areas that may be used as fastener or attachment areas to provide secure attachment to the building envelope or other substraight. But, the disclosed corner elements may be fastened at any part or area. A raised top surface or crown section of a corner element may add material to the component and height to the component and assist in absorbing, deflecting and dissipating stucco movement and/or building movement. 
     Disclosed circular corner elements may comprise corner receiving areas which may comprise two frame leg sections that are touching or adjacent to vertical and horizontal frame members of a window or door. 
     Disclosed circular corner elements may comprise a back side that may be attached to a building envelope, a top side that will face toward the exterior of the building, a raised top side or crown section to define circular voids and to give the corner element greater flexibility including torsional flexibility. 
     Disclosed embodiments include a system of use or construction wherein a building envelope may comprise a plywood substrate or other surface, covered with double D grade paper or other membrane material. The building surface may be wrapped with building wire, sometimes known as “chicken wire” or “lath wire” but is often 1½×17 gauge wire or 3.5 lbs. expanded metal lath. 
     The next step may include the placement of disclosed circular corner elements at door and window corners, the corner elements secured by fasteners driven through the corner elements with the fasteners passing through the building paper, plywood substrate or other components. 
     The fastening of a circular corner element as described comports with and even complements building codes that require metal lath to be aptly fastened to the substrate. The additional fasteners used to secure a corner element in no way violates or otherwise compromises the spirit of applicable building codes. 
     A next step may include the installation of chicken wire or lath wire over the corner elements. 
     A next step may include the application of a first coat or scratch coat over the building paper, metal lath and corner elements. The material of the scratch coat may penetrate voids of the corner elements. Such voids may include a center void, a plurality of circular voids and circle voids. Dimples may be found upon the topside of the crown section. Subsequent coats may be applied as usual. But, the use of control joints and other prior art methods of crack mitigation may be reduced or eliminated. 
     Disclosed embodiments encourage the use of stucco systems. Overall the use of stucco has advantages in the art, as a color coat of stucco has integrated color pigment and many stucco applications never need to be repainted. Stucco is also an advantage as stucco is less flammable than traditional wood siding. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  depicts a front perspective view of a corner element 
         FIG. 2  depicts a back perspective view of a corner element 
         FIG. 3  depicts a front side view of a corner element 
         FIG. 4  depicts a back side view of a corner element 
         FIG. 5  depicts a left side view of a corner element 
         FIG. 6  depicts a right side view of a corner element 
         FIG. 7  depicts a top side view of a corner element 
         FIG. 8  depicts a bottom side view of a corner element 
         FIG. 9  depicts a corner element in position before the installation of metal lath 
         FIG. 10  depicts an expansion joint of the prior art 
         FIG. 11  depicts a corner crack of the prior art 
         FIG. 12  depicts a bottom perspective view of a corner element 
         FIG. 13  depicts a bottom perspective view of a corner element with two pegs 
         FIG. 14  depicts four corner elements attached next to a widow 
         FIG. 15  depicts four corner elements under chicken wire 
         FIG. 16  depicts one corner element under chicken wire 
         FIG. 17  depicts four corner elements within a scratch coat 
         FIG. 18  depicts a perspective view of an alternative embodiment 
         FIG. 19  depicts a perspective view of an alternative embodiment 
         FIG. 20  depicts a side view of an alternative embodiment 
         FIG. 21  depicts a side view of an alternative embodiment 
         FIG. 22  depicts a top view of an alternative embodiment 
         FIG. 23  depicts a bottom view of an alternative embodiment 
         FIG. 24  depicts a top perspective view of a third embodiment 
         FIG. 25  depicts a bottom perspective view of a third embodiment 
         FIG. 26  depicts a front view of a third embodiment 
         FIG. 27  depicts a back side view of a third embodiment 
         FIG. 28  depicts a bottom plan view of a third embodiment 
         FIG. 29  depicts a top plan view of a third embodiment 
         FIG. 30  depicts an enlarged view of eyebrow void assemblies 
     
    
    
     REFERENCE NUMERALS IN THE DRAWINGS 
       100  a corner element in general 
       101  a center void found in a center area of a corner element  100   
       102  a circular void area defined by a corner element 
       103  a circle void defined by a corner element and sometimes found between circular void areas  102   
       104  perimeter edge of a corner element  100   
       105  outer notch defined by the perimeter edge  104   
       106  optional flat side of center void, the flat side sometimes adjacent to the center receiving area  180   
       110  corner element having no pegs 
       112  corner element having two pegs 
       120  arc section of a center void  101   
       122  straight edge or nearly straight edge of center void  101   
       130  eyebrow void assembly 
       132  center or horizontal void of eyebrow assembly 
       134  raised arc or arched bridge of eyebrow void assembly 
       136  vertically defined void or eyebrow assembly, defined by the raised arc or arched bridge 
       152  flat outer perimeter area 
       153  a plurality of circle voids defined within the flat outer perimeter area  152   
       160  a first transition edge between flat perimeter area  153  and mid concentric transition section  165   
       165  mid-concentric transition section 
       166  a plurality of circle voids defined within the mid concentric transition section  165   
       167  a second transition edge between mid-concentric transition section  165  and crown section  171   
       171  crown section defined within the second transition edge  167   
       172  dimples defined within the top side of the crown section 
       180  a center receiving area of a corner element  100   
       181  frame leg sections of a corner element  100   
       185  door and window integration area 
       190  peg found on bottom side of crown section  171   
       200  lath wire, also known as chicken wire 
       300  a window or door frame 
       301  a horizontal member of a window or door frame 
       302  a vertical member of a window or door frame 
       303  a corner point comprising a vertical member  302  and a horizontal member  301  of a window or door frame  300   
       304  a joint line between a vertical member  302  and a horizontal member  301  of a window or door frame  300   
       400  an expansion joint of the prior art 
       401  a window 
       500  a stucco crack of the prior art 
       600  exterior stucco surface 
       650  scratch coat, part of stucco system 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
     The following detailed description is directed to certain specific embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be embodied in a multitude of different ways as defined and covered by the claims and their equivalents. In this description, reference is made to the drawings wherein like parts are designated with like numerals throughout. 
     Unless otherwise noted in this specification or in the claims, all of the terms used in the specification and the claims will have the meanings normally ascribed to these terms by workers in the art. 
     Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in a sense of “including, but not limited to.” Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number, respectively. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. 
     The above detailed description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed above. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, while steps are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps in a different order. The teachings of the invention provided herein can be applied to other systems, not only the systems described herein. The various embodiments described herein can be combined to provide further embodiments. These and other changes can be made to the invention in light of the detailed description. 
     All the above references and U.S. patents and applications are incorporated herein by reference. Aspects of the invention can be modified, if necessary, to employ the systems, functions and concepts of the various patents and applications described above to provide yet further embodiments of the invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a corner element  100  may comprise a perimeter edge  104  which may define a distal boundary of a flat outer perimeter area  152 . For purposes of clarity, components closer to the center void  101  are sometimes considered medial while components closer to perimeter edge  104  are sometimes considered distal. 
     A flat outer perimeter area  152  assists in placing the corner element securely to a substrate such as plywood or waterproofing membrane. The flat nature of the flat outer perimeter area  152  also assists in balancing with the bottom pegs  190  found under the crown section  171 . The flat outer perimeter area may be relatively flat and comprise a plurality of circle voids  153 . The flat shape or flat elevation of the flat outer perimeter area may also be helpful in applying frictional force against a substrate. Nails, staples or other fasteners may be applied through the flat outer perimeter area or other parts of the disclosed corner element. 
     The circle voids  153  of the flat outer perimeter area  152  may be of any shape and assist in the even integration with stucco. The flat outer perimeter area  152  may be used to secure the corner element to a substrate. Nails or other fasteners may be used to secure the corner element to the exterior of a building. The perimeter edge  104  assists in blending the stucco to the surrounding components. The perimeter edge may define a plurality of outer notches  105  which assist in adding surface area to the corner element for greater contact with applied stucco. 
     A first transition edge  160  may separate the flat outer perimeter area  152  from the mid concentric transition section  165 . The mid concentric transition section  165  may take the form of a circular section concentric to the flat outer perimeter area. The mid concentric transition section  165  may gain elevation or cause the corner element to be higher in the medial sections or center sections as compared to the distal sections or outer sections. This raise in height is helpful in integrating the corner element within the center of a stucco application. The elevation may also be helpful in preventing the corner element from being moved during differential building movement. 
     The mid concentric transition section  165  may comprise a plurality of circular voids  166  of any shape. The circular voids  166  may have a somewhat vertical or near vertical orientation and thus assist with integration with stucco at various elevations or stucco depths. The angled circular voids  166  may also assist in more evenly displacing differential building movement within or along the corner element. The angle of the mid concentric transition section  165  allows for three dimensional flexing to further dissipate differential building movement. 
     Areas medial or more center from the mid concentric transition section may be considered a crown section  171  as marked more clearly on  FIG. 5 . A crown section may comprise a top side further comprising dimples  172  which may take the form of indentations. The dimples  172  allow for keying of the stucco to the corner element which helps in keeping the corner element firmly in place within applied stucco. Also, the dimples  172  increase the surface area of the exposed corner element, assisting in securing the corner element in the stucco. Moreover, the dimples help to keep the stucco from sliding off the corner element during the stucco drying process. The crown section  171  may comprise or define a plurality of circular void areas  102  which helps to allow wet stucco or mud to flow between the top and bottom sides of the corner element. The circular void areas  102  may be circular or concentric in shape. The circular shapes of the circular void areas helps the corner element to flex along a greater area which in turn helps to maximize the even disbursement of uneven building movements at corners. Center void  101  may act as a focal point to radiate or absorb differential building movement in a radial fashion to the distal areas of the corner element. A center receiving area  180  flanked by two frame leg sections  181  assist in placing the corner element in a corner area of construction. The area spanning the two frame leg sections  181  and the center receiving area  180  is sometimes referred to as the door and window integration area  185 . 
       FIG. 2  depicts a plurality of pegs attached to the bottom side of the crown section of the corner element. 
       FIG. 3  depicts a flat outer perimeter  152  from a side perspective. 
       FIG. 4  depicts a flat outer perimeter  152  from a side perspective. 
       FIG. 5  depicts a crown section  171  from a side perspective. 
       FIG. 6  depicts a mid-concentric transition section from a side perspective. 
       FIG. 7  depicts a top side view of a corner element  100 . A corner element may have a perimeter edge  104  that may define a plurality of outer notches  105 . A flat outer perimeter area  152  may be found between the perimeter edge  104  and the first transition edge  160 . The flat outer perimeter area may comprise or define a plurality of voids, such as circle voids  153 . The flat outer perimeter area may have a top side and bottom side, and the bottom side may be considered to have a zero or neutral elevation. 
     A mid-concentric transition section  165  may be considered to have a positive or increased elevation, having an elevation greater than the flat outer perimeter area  152 . The mid-concentric transition section  165  may be found or defined between the first transition edge  160  and a second transition edge  167 . The mid-concentric transition section may define a plurality of voids, such as circle voids  166 . 
     Areas medial from the second transition edge  167  may comprise a crown section  171 . A crown section may be flat near the center void  101  so as to sit in a mid-depth of applied stucco. A crown section  171  may comprise or define a plurality of circular void areas  102  which may take the shape of voids concentric to the center void  101 . Areas of the crown section  171  may comprise dimples  172 . 
       FIG. 7  further depicts a plurality of circular void areas  102  defined by or defined within a corner element  100 . Circular void areas  102  aid in the reduction of stucco cracks by a number of physical factors. In some embodiments, circular void areas  102  sometimes take the shape of partial concentric circles with a center point found within a center void  101 . The concentric configuration of circular voids  102  results in areas of stucco attachment and support perpendicular to the typical stucco cracks originating at doors and windows. The concentric configuration of the circular voids  102  more evenly dissipates movement of stucco and thus greatly reduces resulting cracks. The concentric configuration of the circular voids  102  results in a stucco base coat or scratch coat entering the circular voids and integrating into the corner element. 
     In order to retain a correct combination of rigidity and flexibility, circular voids  102  are defined on either end by corner element material. For added flexibility and absorption of stucco movement, circle voids  103  are sometimes placed between circular voids  102 . 
       FIG. 8  depicts a plurality of pegs  190  and a center void  101 . The center void  101  is shown with an optional flat side  106 , the flat side toward the center receiving area  180 . The flat side  106  may help to laterally dissipate building movement to either side of the frame legs. 
       FIG. 9  depicts a window or door frame  300  is adjacent to or in contact with the corner element  100 . The window or door frame may comprise a horizontal member  301 , a vertical member  302  and a joint line  304 , the joint line defined by the connection line shared by the horizontal member  301  and the vertical member  302 . At the outer edge of the joint line  304 , a corner point  303  is formed. The corner element  100  is illustrated as attached over lath wire  200 . 
       FIG. 10  depicts a building comprising a window  401  with a vertical expansion joint  400  of the prior art. The vertical expansion joint  400  of the prior art detracts from the esthetic appeal of using stucco as an exterior covering. 
       FIG. 11  depicts a stucco crack  500  originating at a corner point  303  of a window or door frame  300 . The stucco crack  500  is seen upon the exterior stucco surface  600 . 
       FIG. 12  depicts a corner element  110  not having pegs. Disclosed embodiments contemplate zero, one or a plurality of pegs. In some applications, pegs help to set the corner element into the stucco system. Pegs may also provide vertical support as the corner element is fastened, screwed, stapled or nailed into a substraight such as plywood or other building sheathing. 
       FIG. 13  depicts a corner element having two pegs  190 . 
       FIG. 14  depicts a window  300  with four corner elements  100  attached near the window corners. 
       FIG. 15  depicts a continuation of  FIG. 14  with chicken wire or lath wire  200  placed over the corner elements  100 . 
       FIG. 16  is an expanded view of  FIG. 15  wherein chicken wire or lath wire  200  is attached on top of a corner element  100  and the corner element has been attached near, touching or adjacent to a window  300  and in particular a window corner. 
       FIG. 17  is a modified view of scratch coat  650  applied over and covering chicken wire or lath wire and covering the four corner elements. The view is modified in that the scratch coat  650  is embedded into the voids of the corner elements, obscuring the view of the corner elements. In a more realistic rendering, the corner elements would be difficult to see due to the application of the scratch coat  650 . 
     Advantages in preventing or reducing stucco cracks are also found by the relatively lower elevation of the flat corner perimeter area  152 . By use of a lower elevation of the outer or distal surface a more direct attachment may be obtained with an underlying substrate. 
     Advantages in preventing or reducing stucco cracks are also found by having a raised top surface or crown section  171 , sometimes having a relatively higher elevation and thickness as compared to the flat outer perimeter area  152 . The higher elevation of the raised crown section allows for added material to define and support the center void  101 , the circular void areas  102  and the circle voids  103 . The added depth by use of a raised crown section may also assist in giving the corner element an ability to flex in areas between areas used for attachment to a substrate. 
     A corner element may also comprise artful integration with a door or window corner section by use of a door or window integration area  185 . The integration area  185  may comprise two frame leg sections  181  with each frame leg section starting at a perimeter edge  104  and terminating at or near a center receiving area  180 . A center receiving area  180  may be centered upon a center void  101 . A center receiving area  180  is sometimes curved so as to further disburse stucco movement at a window or door corner. The center receiving area  180  may flex left, right, up or down to further dissipate the buckling forces commonly encountered by stucco at door and window corners. Also the door and window integration area  185  provides advantages in that it may also flex left, right, up or down to further dissipate the buckling forces commonly encountered by stucco at door and window corners. 
     The center receiving area  180  is sometimes configured to be adjacent or relatively near the center void  101  or center area of the corner element. Such a configuration provides rotational support and retardation of movement in directions perpendicular to common stucco cracks at doors and windows. Such a common stucco crack  500  is seen in  FIG. 9 . 
     In the best mode known to date, a corner element  100  is comprised of high density polyethylene. Such material is semi-rigid, allowing for an optimal degree of flexibility to evenly disperse stucco movement. The material is strong enough to provide further stucco support and reinforcement when the corner element is embedded in plaster. In the best mode known to date, the corner element height is ⅖ ths  of an inch in width such that the corner element is embedded in approximately the center of a ⅞ ths  of an inch stucco application. 
     Further advantages of the disclosed embodiments include the use of smooth rolled edges and circular lines which redistribute stress or stucco movement or compression evenly over the corner element and related components. A configuration of concentric circular voids in the shape of slots originates from the center with each concentric circular void distal from the center point, resulting in concentric circular voids or concentric slots positioned at right angles to the corner section of a door or window. 
       FIGS. 18 to 23  depict an alternative embodiment or a second embodiment having the same or similar attributes and advantages of the other disclosed embodiments. 
       FIG. 24  depicts a third embodiment having a plurality of eyebrow void assemblies  130 , the eyebrow void assemblies comprising a horizontally disposed center or horizontal void. A raised arc  134  may be centrally disposed over a horizontal void, with the raised arc  134  defining a vertically defined void  136 . 
     The disclosed eyebrow assembly represents a significant breakthrough in the art, as the stucco cracks are eliminated or greatly reduced as the raised arc  134  is able to adhere within the stucco significantly better as compared to the first and second embodiments herein. The raised arc  134  placed over a horizontal void  132  allows the corner element to embed in the stucco in three dimensions, producing improved results over the prior art and over the first two embodiments disclosed herein. The eyebrow assemblies may be located or defined anywhere upon or within a corner element. 
     In the depicted third embodiment, starting at  FIG. 24 , the eyebrow assemblies are illustrated to be disposed in the upper elevations of the element and sometimes above a second transition edge  167 , as shown in  FIG. 29 . Eyebrow assemblies are found or defined within or above a crown section  171 , as marked on  FIG. 28 .  FIG. 28  depicts a center or horizontal void  132  of an eyebrow assembly. The horizontal void  132  overcomes shortfalls in the art by providing a stucco retention area at a right angle to the stucco retention area comprising the vertically defined void  136  of the raised arc  134  or raised arch. 
       FIG. 30  depicts a perspective view of several eyebrow assemblies  130  which may comprise an arched bridge  134  or raised arc, with the arched bridge defining a vertically defined void  136 . The unique shape and configuration of the eyebrow assembly overcomes shortfalls in the art as the vertically defined void  136  retains dried stucco and allows the overall corner element to stay retained in the stucco and thus better deflect or disperse differential stucco movement to reduce stucco cracks. 
     These and other changes can be made to the invention in light of the above detailed description. In general, the terms used in the following claims, should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, unless the above detailed description explicitly defines such terms. Accordingly, the actual scope of the invention encompasses the disclosed embodiments and all equivalent ways of practicing or implementing the invention under the claims. 
     While certain aspects of the invention are presented below in certain claim forms, the inventors contemplate the various aspects of the invention in any number of claim forms. Disclosed embodiments may include the following items. 
     Items 
     Item 1. A system to reduce stucco cracks, the system comprising: 
     a corner element  100  having a top side, bottom side, a circular outer edge defined by a perimeter distal edge  104  and two frame leg sections  181 . 
     Item 2. The system of 1 further comprising: 
     a door and window integration area  185  comprising the two frame leg sections and a center receiving area  180  located between the two frame leg sections. 
     Item 3. The system of item 2 further comprising a flat outer perimeter area  152  defined between the perimeter distal edge and a first transition edge  160 , the first transition edge in the shape of a concentric circle. 
     Item 4. The system of item 3 further comprising a mid-concentric transition section defined between the first transition edge and a second transition edge  167 , the second transition edge in the shape of a concentric circle. 
     Item 5. The system of item 4 wherein the mid-concentric transition section is radially arched in shape having a higher elevation at the second transition edge as compared to the first transition edge. 
     Item 6. The system of item 5 further comprising a crown section  171  defined as the area within the second transition edge. 
     Item 7. The system of item 6 wherein the crown section comprises a center void  101 . 
     Item 8. The system of item 7 wherein the crown section comprises a plurality of pegs originating from the bottom side. 
     Item 9. The system of item 8 wherein the bottom edges of the legs extend to a plane level with the bottom side of the flat outer perimeter area. 
     Item 10. The system of item 8 wherein the perimeter distal edge defines a plurality of outer notches  105 . 
     Item 11. The system of item 10 wherein the flat outer perimeter area defines a plurality of circle voids  153 . 
     Item 12. The system of item 11 wherein the mid-concentric transition section defines a plurality of circle voids  166 . 
     Item 13. The system of item 12 wherein the crown section defines a plurality of circular void areas  102 . 
     Item 14. The system of item 13 wherein the top side of the crown section defines a plurality of dimples  172 . 
     Item 15. The system of item 14 wherein the center void is further defined by a flat side  106 , the flat side adjacent to the center receiving area. 
     Item 16. A method of reducing stucco cracks, the method comprising: 
     a) attaching a corner element  100  at a corner point  303  of a door or window; and 
     b) applying a coat of stucco material over the corner element  100 . 
     Item 17. The method of item 16 including the step of filling voids of the corner element with the stucco coat. 
     Item 18. The method of item 16 including the step of securing the corner element  100  by use of a plurality of fasteners set through the corner element.