Patent Publication Number: US-2023153856-A1

Title: Inbox management system

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation application of and claims priority to U.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 17/027,176, titled “Inbox Management System” and filed Sep. 21, 2020, which is a continuation application of and claims priority to U.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 13/839,958, titled “lnbox Management System” and filed Mar. 15, 2013, which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/666,556, titled “Inbox Management,” and filed Jun. 29, 2012, the entirety of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present description relates to offering promotions associated with a product or a service. This description also relates to managing electronic promotion correspondence sent to a consumer. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Merchants typically offer promotions to consumers from time to time in order to generate more business. The promotions offered may be in the form of discounts, deals, rewards or the like. Often times, a promotion, or a number of promotions, may be presented to a consumer in the form of an electronic correspondence. When a multitude of electronic correspondences are generated for a consumer, it may be difficult to determine which electronic correspondence to present to the consumer. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Systems and methods for determining whether to send electronic promotion correspondence to a consumer according to a target electronic correspondence cadence are disclosed. 
     In a first aspect, a system includes a memory storing processor-executable instructions and a processor in communication with the memory. The processor executes the processor-executable instructions to: access multiple electronic promotion correspondences generated for a consumer; select a first electronic promotion correspondence from among the multiple electronic promotion correspondences; determine to send the first electronic promotion correspondence to the consumer based on a target cadence indicator indicative of a target rate for sending electronic promotion correspondence to the consumer and an actual cadence indicator indicative of an actual rate that previous electronic promotion correspondence was sent to the consumer; determine a target time to send the first electronic promotion correspondence to the consumer; and send the first electronic promotion correspondence to the consumer at the target time. 
     In another aspect, a method includes: identifying a consumer to send an electronic promotion correspondence to; accessing a first electronic promotion correspondence that includes a first promotion of a first promotion class; accessing a second electronic promotion correspondence that includes a second promotion of a second promotion class different from the first promotion class; determining a selected electronic promotion correspondence to send to the consumer from among the first and second electronic promotion correspondence; and sending the selected electronic promotion correspondence to the consumer. 
     In yet another aspect, a method includes accessing multiple electronic promotion correspondences generated for a consumer, the multiple electronic promotion correspondences including a first electronic promotion correspondence of a first promotion class and a second electronic promotion correspondence of a second promotion class; determining that the first electronic promotion correspondence satisfies a first class-specific cadence criterion associated with the first promotion class; determining that the second electronic promotion correspondence satisfies a second class-specific cadence criterion associated with the second promotion class; determining a selected electronic promotion correspondence from among the first and second electronic promotion correspondences based on an additional management criterion; and sending the selected electronic promotion correspondence to a consumer. 
     Other systems, methods, and features will be, or will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, and features included within this description, be within the scope of the disclosure, and be protected by the following claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention may be better understood with reference to the following drawings and description. Non-limiting and non-exhaustive descriptions are described with reference to the following drawings. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating principles. In the figures, like referenced numerals may refer to like parts throughout the different figures unless otherwise specified. 
         FIG.  1    shows an example of a system that manages electronic promotion correspondence sent to one or more consumers. 
         FIG.  2    shows an example of a system that manages electronic promotion correspondence sent to one or more consumers. 
         FIG.  3    shows an example of a data flow for determining electronic promotion correspondence to send to a consumer. 
         FIG.  4    shows an example of logic for determining one or more selected electronic promotion correspondences to send to a consumer. 
         FIG.  5    shows an example of logic for determining one or more selected electronic promotion correspondences to send to a consumer. 
         FIG.  6    shows an example of a system for determining electronic promotion correspondence to send to one or more consumers based on feedback data. 
         FIG.  7    shows examples of experimental strategies that the management logic may perform. 
         FIG.  8    shows an example of logic for collecting and using feedback data. 
         FIG.  9    shows an example of logic for selecting a communication channel for sending electronic promotion correspondence to a consumer. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention as described herein may be embodied in a number of different forms. Not all of the depicted components may be required, however, and some implementations may include additional, different, or fewer components from those expressly described in this disclosure. Variations in the arrangement and type of the components may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims as set forth herein. 
       FIG.  1    shows an example of a system  100  that manages electronic promotion correspondence sent to one or more consumers. The system  100  includes a promotion program offering system  102 . The promotion program offering system  102  sends promotions. A promotion may include any type of reward, discount, coupon, credit, deal, voucher or the like used toward part or all of the purchase of a product or a service. The promotion may be offered as part of a larger promotion program, or the promotion may be offered as a stand-alone one time promotion. In an effort to better distinguish and identify the promotion, the promotion may include one or more attributes, such as the merchant offering the promotion (e.g., the merchant identified as “XYZ coffee shop”), the redemption location of the promotion, the amount of the promotion, the category of the promotion (such as a restaurant promotion, a spa promotion, a travel promotion, a local promotion, etc.), the subcategory of the promotion (such as a sushi restaurant), or the like. 
     The promotion program offering system  102  may communicate with merchants to obtain promotions for offering, such as the merchants labeled as merchant  1   110  and merchant m  112  in  FIG.  1   . Also as shown in  FIG.  1   , the promotion program offering system  102  communicates via communication networks  114  with merchants. The promotion program offering system  102  may also send promotions to consumers, such as the consumers labeled as such as consumer  1   116  and consumer N  118  in  FIG.  1   , and more. The promotion program offering system  102  may send promotions to a consumer through any means or communication channel accessible by the consumer. For example, the promotion program offering system  102  may send electronic promotion correspondence directly to a consumer device, such as a laptop computer used by consumer  1   116 , a mobile device used by consumer N  118 , or any other electronic device that can receive or access electronic promotion correspondence. The promotion program offering system  102  may also send electronic promotion correspondence to an e-mail account of the consumer, when the consumer accesses a promotion website, or through any other information access point accessible by the consumer, e.g., which the consumer accesses via a consumer device. The electronic promotion correspondence may include one or more promotions. 
     The promotion program offering system  102  may include a communication interface  120 , system circuitry  121 , and a user interface  122 . The system circuitry  121  may include management logic  124 . As discussed in greater detail below, the management logic  124  may manage electronic promotion correspondence sent to consumers. In some implementations, the system circuitry  121  includes one or more processors  130  and a memory  131 . The memory  131  may store management instructions  132  and management parameters  134 . The processors  130  may execute the management instructions  132  to perform any of the processes or methods described herein. The management parameters  134  may specify any parameters, criteria, or other conditions used by the management logic  124  to manage electronic promotion correspondence sent to consumers. 
       FIG.  2    shows an example of a system  200  that manages electronic promotion correspondence sent to one or more consumers.  FIG.  2    provides one exemplary implementation of the promotion program offering system  102 . In  FIG.  2   , the promotion program offering system  102  includes incentive logic  210 , correspondence generation logic  212 , promotion collections logic  214 , and management logic  124 . 
     In operation, the management logic  124  manages electronic promotion correspondence sent to consumers. In that regard, the management logic  124  may identify or access electronic promotion correspondences  220  generated for a particular consumer or consumer grouping and determine which (if any) of the electronic promotion correspondences  220  to send to the consumer, when to send the electronic promotion correspondence, through which communication channel to send the electronic promotion correspondence, and more. In one variation, the management logic  124  controls the sending of electronic promotion correspondence  220  on a consumer-specific level. 
     The management logic  124  may access and manage the sending of electronic promotion correspondences  220 . The electronic promotion correspondences  220  may include any number of electronic promotion correspondence generated for a particular consumer. Put another way, the electronic promotion correspondences  220  may be specifically tuned for (or are particularly relevant to) a particular consumer, and account for past performance of promotions included in the electronic promotion correspondences  220 , attributes of the consumer such as location, distance of a promotion from the consumer, gender, age, past purchase history, etc. 
     As part of the managing process, the management logic  124  may receive or access the electronic promotion correspondences  220  from any number of sources. In some variations, the management logic  124  receives electronic promotion correspondences  220  generated by other logic, circuitry, and/or components of the promotion program offering system  102 . In the example shown in  FIG.  2   , the management logic  124  receives electronic promotion correspondences  220  from the correspondence generation logic  212  and the promotion collections logic  214 . 
     The correspondence generation logic  212  may include any logic, component, or circuitry in the promotion program offering system  102  that determines which promotions to include in an electronic promotion correspondence. Examples of correspondence generation logic  212  are described in U.S. application Ser. No. 13/411,502, titled “Relevance System for Consumer Deals” and filed Mar. 2, 2012, hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The correspondence generation logic  212  may employ any of the methods, systems, and processes disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 13/411,502, e.g., to score and/or determine promotions to include in an electronic promotion correspondence, including promotions particularly relevant to a consumer. 
     The correspondence generation logic  212  may determine which promotions to include in an electronic promotion correspondence on a consumer-specific basis. For example, a promotion may be characterized by a promotion score, including any of the promotion scoring techniques described in U.S. application Ser. No. 13/411,502. The promotion generation logic  212  may generate a consumer-specific promotion score based on one or more attributes, historical data, or other characteristics of the consumer and/or the promotion. In one implementation, the promotion score of a promotion is a probability indicator of the particular consumer accepting (e.g., purchasing) the promotion. The correspondence generation logic  212  may select promotions to include in a generated electronic promotion correspondence with the highest individual, weighted, or collective scores. The management logic  124  may receive electronic promotion correspondences  220  and/or promotion scores generated by the correspondence generation logic  212 . 
     The management logic  124  may additionally or alternatively receive electronic promotion correspondences  220  generated by the promotion collections logic  214 . The promotion collections logic  214  may include any logic, component, or circuitry that generates electronic promotion correspondence including a collection of promotions. One example of promotion collections logic  214  is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/838,415, titled “Promotion Offering System Analyzing Collections of Promotions,” assigned Attorney Docket No. 14455-913, and filed on Mar. 15, 2013, hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The promotion collections logic  214  may, for example, determine a collection of promotions to include in an electronic promotion correspondence. In that regard, the promotion collections logic  214  may score one or more promotion collections and determine a promotion collection with the highest score to include in electronic promotion correspondence to the consumer. The promotion collections logic  214  may output electronic promotion correspondence(s) including a collection of promotions and/or scores for the promotion collection, promotions included in the promotion collection, or both. In some implementations, the promotion collections logic  214  is integrated within the correspondence generation logic  212 . In other implementations, the promotion collections logic  214  is separate from and communicates with the correspondence generation logic  212 . 
     The management logic  124  may receive generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  that include promotion incentives  222 . A promotion incentive may refer to any adjustment or addition to a promotion (or multiple promotions) to affect how a consumer responds to the promotion. The incentive logic  210  may include any logic, component, or circuitry that determines a promotion incentive  222 . The incentive logic  210  may determine a promotion incentive  222  that specifically targets a particular consumer (or group of consumers). For example, the incentive logic  210  may determine whether to offer a promotion incentive  222  and/or the contents of the promotion incentive  222  based on any number of consumer attributes or data, such as past purchase history of the consumer, time between purchases of a particular promotion, promotion category or promotion subcategory, promotion availability (e.g., inventory), and other factors. In one particular example, the incentive logic  210  may determine a promotion incentive  222  for a consumer that includes a reduced purchase price of a promotion when the amount of time since the consumer last purchased an identical promotion, a promotion of the same subcategory, or a promotion of the same category, exceeds a timing threshold. The incentive logic  210  may use any number of incentive criteria in determining whether to offer a promotion incentive  222  and/or the contents of the promotion incentive  222 . 
     While some exemplary logic or circuitry through which the management logic  124  may receive electronic promotion correspondences  220  are presented above, any sources of electronic promotion correspondence are contemplated. The management logic  124  may receive the electronic promotion correspondences  220  as part of a promotion processing pipeline or data flow. Additionally or alternatively, the management logic  124  may access a memory of the promotion program offering system  102  to retrieve previously generated electronic promotion correspondences  220 . 
     Upon accessing the electronic promotion correspondences  220 , the management logic  124  may manage sending of none, some, or all of the electronic promotion correspondences  220  to a consumer. In that regard, the management logic  124  may control the schedule and/or content of electronic promotion correspondence sent to consumers. The management logic  124  may determine one or more electronic promotion correspondences to send to a particular consumer at predetermined frequency (e.g., performing the determination once every 24 hours, once every 12 hours, in response to an operator input, upon satisfaction of one or more determination criteria, or according to any other determination schedule parameters specified in the management parameters  134 ). In the example shown in  FIG.  2   , the management logic  124  determines to send multiple electronic promotion correspondences  231  to a first consumer, e.g., to an e-mail account of the consumer which the consumer accesses via consumer device  232 . The management logic  124  determines to send a single electronic promotion correspondence  241  directly to the consumer device  242  of a second consumer, e.g., as a push notification and determines to send the incentivized electronic promotion correspondence  251  (e.g., including one or more promotion incentives  222 ) to an e-mail account of a third consumer, which the third consumer access via the consumer device  252 . After determining to send the electronic promotion correspondences  232 ,  242 , and  252  to respective consumers, the management logic  124  may also determine a target time to send each of the electronic promotion correspondences  231 ,  241 , and  251  as well. 
     The management logic  124  may tune the sending of electronic promotion correspondence to a consumer according to any combination of management goals, which may be specified in the management parameters  134 . For example, the management logic  124  may control the sending of electronic promotion correspondence to a consumer, grouping of consumers (e.g., grouped according to one or more common consumer attributes), or all consumers registered with the promotion program offering system  102  based on the management goals. Examples of management goals include increasing gross revenue (e.g., by X %), increasing consumer engagement and/or response to correspondence, increasing number of promotions purchased, increasing promotion profit margins, decreasing consumer unsubscription requests, any management goal that may be entered by an operator or administrator of the promotion program offering system  102  (e.g., via the user interface  122 ), or combinations thereof. 
     The management logic  124  may control the scheduling and content of electronic promotion correspondence sent to consumers in various ways and through various methods and techniques, in combination or separately. Several examples are presented next. 
     Personalized Cadence 
     The management logic  124  may control the cadence of electronic promotion correspondence sent to a consumer. Cadence may refer to a rate at which electronic promotion correspondence is sent to a consumer. Cadence may represent, for example, a desired, target, or actual rate. Cadence can be expressed in multiple ways or take any number of forms, several of which are described below. For example, electronic correspondence cadence for a consumer may be expressed as a frequency over a period of time (e.g., once every 3 days, twice a day, 3.1 correspondences sent per week, etc.) Cadence may be expressed as a numerical value indicative of the rate at which electronic promotion correspondence is sent to the consumer, for instance where increased cadence values indicate an increased frequency of electronic promotion correspondence sent to the consumer, Cadence may also be expressed as a frequency range or range of rates. The description below includes systems and methods for managing the cadence of electronic promotion correspondence sent to a consumer or set of consumers. 
     One example of systems, logic, and methods for controlling the cadence of electronic promotion correspondence sent to consumers is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/838,711, titled “Cadence Management System For Consumer Promotions,” assigned Attorney by reference herein in its entirety. The management logic  124  may integrate any of the systems or logic or perform of the methods disclosed in the above-referenced application to control the cadence of electronic promotion correspondence on a per-consumer basis, including the cadence determination processing and determining of analysis scores for one or more electronic promotion correspondence. Put another way, the management logic  124  may access the electronic promotion correspondences  220  and determine a selected electronic promotion correspondence to send specifically for an individual consumer. In other variations, the management logic  124  may control the cadence of electronic promotion correspondence sent to groups of consumers, such as consumers sharing a common consumer attribute. 
     In one implementation, the management logic  124  applies a global threshold to determine whether to send the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220 . The global threshold may correspond to an overall cadence for the consumer. The management logic  212  may apply any of the cadence management techniques described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/838,711, titled “Cadence Management System For Consumer Promotions,” assigned Attorney Docket No. 14455-939, and filed on Mar. 15, 2013. Thus, the management logic  124  may determine the score of one or more of the electronic promotion correspondences  220  and adjust the score to account for, as examples, a past engagement level of the consumer (e.g., specifically for a particular promotion category, subcategory, class, or other promotion categorization), number of past electronic promotion correspondences sent to the consumer over a particular time period, and other factors. 
     The management logic  124  may determine selected electronic promotion correspondence(s) as each of the correspondences among the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  that, in one implementation, have a correspondence (e.g., analysis) score that exceeds the global threshold. In this implementation, the management logic  124  may score any of the generated electronic promotion correspondence  220  according to any of the factors or analyses described or incorporated by reference herein, including determining a correspondence score based on one or more promotion scores of included promotions and any supplemental analysis based on past engagement level, number of past correspondences sent to the consumer over a predetermined time period, and any analysis factors. The analysis factors may be applied based on overall data for the consumer or according to specific portions of the data, such as with respect to a particular attribute (e.g., promotion class, category, sub-category, etc.), for a predetermined time period, or according to any delineated portion. 
     The management logic  124  may apply additional management parameters (e.g., business rules) that may further limit the selected electronic promotion correspondences. For example, the business rules may specify a maximum number of electronic promotion correspondences to send to a consumer in a time period (e.g., per day). The management logic  124  may determine which of the selected correspondences to send based on the additional parameters, selecting a subset of the threshold-exceeding correspondences to send to the consumer. In some variations, and as described in greater detail below, the management logic  124  may merge two or more source correspondences into an aggregated electronic promotion correspondence that includes some or all of the promotions from the source correspondences. 
     The management logic  124  may additionally determine a target time to send a selected electronic promotion correspondence to the consumer. For example, the management logic  124  may determine a target time to increase the likelihood that the consumer will view the selected electronic promotion correspondence. In one variation, the management logic  124  may first determine a target time to send electronic promotion correspondence to a consumer, and subsequently determine a selected electronic promotion correspondence and/or selected communication channel based on the determined target time. 
     One example of systems, logic, and methods for determining a target time to send electronic promotion correspondence to a consumer is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/839,102, titled “Customization of Message Delivery Time Based on Consumer Behavior,” assigned Attorney Docket No. 14455-748, and filed on Mar. 15, 2013, hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The management logic  124  may integrate any of the systems or logic or perform of the methods disclosed in the above-referenced application to determine a transmission time to send electronic promotion correspondence to a consumer. 
     As one example of personalized cadence, the management logic  124  may access generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  and determine, on a daily basis (e.g., at 24 hour intervals), one or more selected electronic promotion correspondences to send to particular a consumer based on a target cadence indicator of the particular consumer, an actual cadence indicator of the particular consumer, and respective analysis scores of the selected electronic promotion correspondences. The management logic  124  may then determine a transmission time during the day (e.g., during the next 24 hours before again performing the correspondence selection process) to send the selected electronic promotion correspondences to the particular consumer. The management logic  124  may perform such a correspondence selection process on a regular basis (e.g., every 24 hours, every 24 hours for a predetermined number of days during a week, etc.) or on an irregular basis (upon operator request or in response to certain situational criteria being met). The management logic  124  may implement personalized cadence according to any variation of parameters. 
     Content Optimization 
     The management logic  124  may determine one or more selected promotion correspondence from among the electronic promotion correspondences  220  to optimize promotion content sent to a particular consumer. In one implementation, the management logic  124  prioritizes the generated electronic promotion correspondence  220  to determine a selected electronic promotion correspondence to send to a consumer. For example, the management logic  124  may order one or more of the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  according to criteria related to one or more promotion scores (e.g., sum of promotion scores for promotions included in an electronic promotion correspondence, max promotion score, weighted average, etc.) The management logic  124  may also normalize promotion scores in order to account for skew caused by comparison of promotions in different categories, types, sub-types, or promotion classes. 
     In some implementations, the management logic  124  groups the accessed electronic promotion correspondences  220  into one more groupings. Groupings may be determined based on one or more attributes associated with the accessed electronic promotion correspondence  220 . As one continuing example, the management logic  124  may separate the electronic promotion correspondence  220  according to promotion class. A promotion class may refer to any configurable categorization of promotions set by the promotion program offering system  102 . For example, the management logic  124  may specify promotions for products or goods as belonging to a first promotion class (e.g., “goods” promotions). As another example, the management logic  124  may specify time-sensitive promotions as belonging to particular promotion class (e.g., “deal-of-the-day” promotions) and travel-related promotions as belonging to a different promotion class (e.g., “getaway” promotions). Any number of additional or different classifications may be employed by the management logic  124 . 
     The management logic  124  may optimize the content of electronic promotion correspondence sent to a consumer by prioritizing between electronic promotion correspondences of different promotion classes. While the description with respect to  FIGS.  3 - 5    below focuses on promotion groupings based on promotion class, the management logic  124  may, in a consistent matter, perform the methods and techniques below for promotions grouped according to any additional or alternative grouping criteria instead, e.g., as specified through the management parameters  134 . 
       FIG.  3    shows an example of a data flow  300  for determining electronic promotion correspondence to send to a consumer based on promotion classes. The management logic  124  accesses generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  and groups the electronic promotion correspondences  220  according to promotion class. The management logic  124  may also order each group of promotions, according to a promotion or analysis score associated with each electronic promotion correspondence. In the example shown in  FIG.  3   , the management logic  124  determines ordering for electronic promotion correspondences of multiple promotion classes, including the ordered promotions  301  for electronic promotion correspondences of a first promotion class, the ordered promotions  302  for electronic promotion correspondences of a second promotion class, and the ordered promotions  303  for electronic promotion correspondences of an n th  promotion class. In one example, the management logic  124  orders a promotion ordering (e.g.,  301 - 303 ) such that the electronic promotion correspondence at the head of the ordering is the correspondence of the promotion class with a highest associated score (e.g., any of the promotion scoring, correspondence scoring, collections scoring, analysis scoring, etc.). 
     At stage 1 of the exemplary data flow  300 , the management logic  124  may access an electronic promotion correspondence with the highest score (e.g., for each promotion class) and perform a class-specific cadence determination. In that regard, the management logic  124  may maintain a respective, separate cadence on a promotion class specific basis. The management logic  124  may maintain a target cadence for electronic promotion correspondence of a particular promotion class sent to the consumer, as well as track the actual cadence of the for electronic promotion correspondence of a particular promotion class sent to the consumer (e.g., over a predetermined time period). The management logic  124  may tune sending of electronic promotion correspondences according to the respective target and actual cadences for electronic promotion correspondences of each promotion class, including in any of the ways described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/838,711, titled “Cadence Management System For Consumer Promotions,” assigned Attorney Docket No. 14455-939, and filed on Mar. 15, 2013. 
     The management logic  124  may determine the affinity of consumer to particular correspondences, such as electronic promotion correspondences of a particular promotion class. The management logic  124  may adjust the scoring of electronic promotion correspondences of a particular promotion class based on a user engagement level for previously sent electronic promotion correspondences of the particular promotion class. The engagement level of the consumer may refer to any response data indicating the degree or level to which the consumer accessed previously sent electronic promotion correspondence. The management logic  124  may determine, as examples, a number of previously sent electronic promotion correspondence accessed by the consumer (e.g., e-mails opened), a number of previously presented promotions accessed by the consumer (e.g., webpages of promotions accessed), a number of previously presented promotions purchased by the consumer, a total, average, or maximum value of promotions purchased by the consumer, and more. The analytical model  104  may use the past engagement level data or measure the past engagement level of the user for a predetermined or configurable time period, e.g., the last two weeks, the last 6 months, time in which a particular number of electronic promotion correspondences were sent to the consumer, etc. 
     As one example, Chart 1 below shows cadence data of different promotion classes for a particular consumer as determined over a time period of one week: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Promotion 
                 Promotion 
                 Promotion 
                 Promotion 
               
               
                   
                 Class 1 
                 Class 2 
                 Class 3 
                 Class 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Actual 
                 6/7 
                 1/7 
                 1/7 
                 4/7 
               
               
                 Cadence 
               
               
                 Target 
                 7/7 
                 3/7 
                 1/7 
                 4/7 
               
               
                 Cadence 
               
               
                 Score 
                 1.0 
                 1.1 
                 0.1 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 Adjustment 
               
               
                 Score 
                 0.8 
                 0.6 
                 0.8 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 Final Score 
                 0.8 
                  0.66 
                  0.08 
                  0.56 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The management logic  124  may determine the cadence adjustment based on the past engagement level of the consumer, which may not necessarily be a linear increase or decrease with respect to past engagement level for a predetermined time period. The score may refer to a promotion score or analysis score associated with a particular electronic promotion correspondence and the final score may account for the cadence adjustment factor (e.g., by multiplying with the promotion or analysis score of an electronic promotion correspondence). In this way, the management logic  124  may account for the consumer&#39;s affinity (e.g., engagement or response level) to correspondences of the promotion class. The management logic  124  may maintain a threshold value that the score of an electronic promotion correspondence must, for example, exceed before the management logic  124  determines to send the electronic promotion correspondence. 
     Returning to stage 1 of the exemplary data flow  300 , the management logic  124  may perform class specific cadence determination of whether to send the highest scoring electronic promotion correspondence of one or more promotion classes (e.g., for each promotion class). In that regard, the management logic  124  may determine which of the highest scoring electronic promotion correspondences for each promotion class satisfies its class-specific cadence. At the completion of stage 1, the management logic  124  may determine one or more electronic promotion correspondences  320  that are eligible for sending according to promotion class-specific cadence, which may be input into stage 2. 
     At stage 2 of the exemplary data flow  300 , the management logic  124  may apply additional management parameters. For example, the additional management parameters may specify a maximum number of electronic promotion correspondence to send to a consumer over a time period (e.g., per day). The management logic  124  may select one or more of the multiple electronic promotion correspondences  320  meeting their respective promotion class specific cadence requirements, in accordance with the additional management parameters, e.g. a number of top scoring correspondences based on normalized correspondence scoring. In  FIG.  3   , the additional management parameters specify a maximum of one electronic promotion correspondence to send to the consumer in a day, and the management logic  124  determines a selected electronic promotion correspondence  330 . 
     In some variations, the additional management parameters may specify complying with a target total or overall cadence for a particular consumer, which may be separate from or in addition to the respective target promotion class-specific cadences maintained by the management logic  124 . In this case, at stage 2, the management logic  124  may perform additional cadence analysis to determine, for example, the maximum number or which of the input electronic promotion correspondences  320  to send to the consumer. Any number of additional management parameters may be applied at stage 2. In one implementation, the management logic  124  does not apply any additional management parameters and determines each of the electronic promotion correspondences  320  meeting their respective promotion class specific cadence requirements as selected electronic promotion correspondences to send to the consumer. 
     At stage 3 of the exemplary data flow  300 , the management logic  124  determines a transmission time to send the selected electronic promotion correspondence  330  to the consumer. The management logic  124  may also determine a communication channel to send the selected electronic promotion correspondence  330  as well. 
       FIG.  4    shows an example of logic  400  for determining one or more selected electronic promotion correspondences to send to a consumer. The logic  400  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. As one example, the management logic  124  may implement the logic  400  in software as management instructions  132 . 
     The management logic  124  reads the management parameters  134  ( 402 ) and electronic promotion correspondences of multiple promotion classes ( 404 ). As described above, the management logic  124  may receive generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  from other logic or components of the promotion program offering system  102  or access generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  from a memory. 
     The management logic  124  may determine whether the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  can be sent based on a respective cadence for a promotion class that one or more respective generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  belong to ( 406 ). In one example, the management logic  124  performs the class-specific cadence determination for each of the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220 . In another example, the management logic  124  may group the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  according to promotion class, order each grouping, and access an electronic promotion correspondence from each ordering (e.g., the head) to perform a class-specific cadence determination on. In doing so, the management logic  124  may, for each promotion class, identify a target cadence, actual cadence, and assess the strength of electronic promotion correspondence (e.g., according to an analysis score) to determine correspondences among the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  that satisfy cadence criteria and are thus eligible for sending to the consumer. 
     The management logic  124  may determine one or more selected electronic promotion correspondences based on additional management criteria ( 408 ), such as any of the additional management parameters described above. In that regard, the management logic  124  may determine one or more selected electronic promotion correspondences from among the respective electronic promotion correspondences of each promotion class that satisfy class-specific cadence criteria. The management logic  124  may optionally determine a target transmission time to send the selected electronic promotion correspondences ( 410 ) and/or a communication channel to send the selected electronic promotion correspondences through ( 412 ). The management logic  124  sends the selected electronic promotion correspondences ( 414 ) to the consumer. 
     In one particular scenario, the management logic  124  may determine that none of the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  meet their class-specific cadence criteria and are not eligible for sending to the consumer. In some implementations, the management logic  124  may determine to forego sending any electronic promotion correspondence to the consumer. In other implementations, the management logic  124  may aggregate one or more of the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  or one or more promotions of the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  into an aggregated correspondence. The aggregated correspondence may be generated by the management logic  124  to include, e.g., the top 3 (or other configurable number of) scoring promotions retrieved from the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220 , including promotions across different promotion classes. The management logic  124  may combine one or more of the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  into the aggregated correspondence, including correspondences across different promotion classes. In that way, the aggregated correspondence may include promotions from multiple promotion classes, and the management logic  124  may determine the aggregated correspondence as the selected electronic promotion correspondence. 
     The management logic  124  may produce an aggregated electronic promotion correspondence in multiple scenarios. For example, the management logic  124  may access feedback or experimental data indicating that the probability of a particular user or group of users accepting a promotion of group of promotions increases when certain promotion classes are combined into an aggregated electronic promotion correspondence. In other implementations, the management logic  124  may analyze one or more potential aggregated electronic promotion correspondences and determine whether the analysis score for the potential aggregated electronic promotion correspondences including promotions of multiple promotion classes exceeds the analysis score of non-aggregated electronic promotion correspondences with promotions of a single promotion class. 
     The management logic  124  may perform the steps described in the logic  400  (or any other logic described herein) at predetermined times or in response to a performance condition. For example, the management logic  124  may perform the logic  400  once per day, once every 12 hours, in response to identifying the availability of a generated electronic promotion correspondence for the consumer, in response to receiving a generated electronic promotion correspondence  220  for the consumer, after a predetermined amount of time has elapsed since sending a previous electronic promotion correspondence (which may vary according to the target cadence indicator of the consumer), in response to receiving an indication that the consumer is in a predetermined location, and more. 
       FIG.  5    shows an example of logic for determining one or more selected electronic promotion correspondence to send to a consumer. The logic  500  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. As one example, the management logic  124  may implement the logic  500  in software as management instructions  132 . The logic  500  presents an additional or alternative variance for determine selected electronic promotion correspondence to send to a consumer. 
     The management logic  124  reads the management parameters  134  ( 402 ) and determines a selected promotion class ( 504 ). The management logic  124  may determine a selected promotion class according to any number of criteria or parameters. The management logic  124  may determine the selected promotion class according to the class-specific cadence of one or more promotion classes, including the target and actual cadence of the one or more promotion classes. For instance, the management logic  124  may calculate a difference between the target cadence and actual cadence for each promotion class over a predetermined period of time, e.g., for the past week. When the actual cadence of one or more promotion classes is less than the respective target cadence, the management logic  124  may determine the specific promotion class with the greatest difference as the selected promotion class (e.g., the promotion class whose actual cadence is the furthest below its respective target cadence). When the actual cadence of each promotion class is greater than its respective target cadence, the management logic  124  may determine the specific promotion class with the least difference as the selected promotion class (e.g., the promotion class whose actual cadence is the least above its respective target cadence). In some variations, the management logic  124  may forego determining a selected promotion class, such as when the actual cadence of each promotion class is greater than its respective target cadence and each actual-target cadence difference exceeds a particular difference threshold. 
     After determining a selected promotion class, the management logic  124  may access generated electronic promotion correspondence(s)  220  of the selected promotion class ( 506 ). Then, the management logic  124  determine whether to send the electronic promotion correspondence(s) to the consumer ( 508 ), based on a class-specific cadence and according to any of the cadence determination processes described above or incorporated herein. When the management logic  124  determines not to send the electronic promotion correspondence, the management logic  124  may select another promotion class, e.g., according to the processes described above while filtering the previously selected promotion class from the selection process, access electronic promotion correspondence and determine whether to send the electronic promotion correspondence ( 506 - 510 ). The management logic  124  may continue these class-selection and correspondence-sending determination processes until the management logic  124  identifies an electronic promotion correspondence that meets respective class-specific cadence criteria or until any number of ending criteria are met (e.g., upon analysis of a determined number of correspondences, when each of the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  have been analyzed, after an amount of analysis time has elapsed, or according to any other criteria). 
     Upon determining a selected electronic promotion correspondence to send to the consumer, the management logic  124  may optionally determine a target transmission time ( 510 ) or a communication channel to send the selected electronic promotion correspondence through ( 512 ). The management logic  124  sends the selected electronic promotion correspondence to the consumer. 
     The discussion above provides exemplary content optimization methods for controlling content of electronic promotion correspondence that is sent to a consumer. Any number of additional or alternative content optimization methods are contemplated. 
     Strategy-Level Experimentation 
     The management logic  124  may apply any number of strategy-level experiments for electronic promotion correspondence sent to consumers. The management logic  124  may gather feedback data from experiments and tune the scheduling and content of electronic promotion correspondence sent to one or more consumers based on the obtained feedback data. For instance, the management logic  124  may build consumer or correspondence models to predict how a particular consumer will respond to a particular correspondence by examining how similar consumers (e.g., consumers sharing one or more common consumer attributes) responded to identical or similar correspondences sharing one or more similarity attributes (e.g., promotion attributes, promotion class, or other attributes of the correspondence). 
       FIG.  6    shows an example of a system  600  for determining electronic promotion correspondence to send to one or more consumers based on feedback data  610 . The management logic  124  may send electronic promotion correspondences to consumers and collect associated feedback data  610 . The feedback data  610  may include any indicators of engagement level of a consumer in response to the sent electronic promotion correspondence, including a number of previously sent electronic promotion correspondence accessed by the consumer (e.g., e-mails opened), a number of previously presented promotions accessed by the consumer (e.g., webpages of promotions accessed), a number of previously presented promotions purchased by the consumer, a total, average, or maximum value of promotions purchased by the consumer, and more. In response to receiving feedback data  610  from a particular consumer, the management logic  124  may, for example, adjust the target cadence (e.g., promotion class-specific, total, or both) of electronic promotion correspondences sent to the particular consumer that the feedback data  610  originated from. 
     The management logic  124  may also adjust the target cadence of electronic promotion correspondences sent to other consumers in response to the feedback data  610  as well. For example, the management logic  124  may use the feedback data  610  originating from a first consumer to predict a response of another consumer sharing one or more common consumer attributes with the first consumer (e.g., age range, location, preferences, engagement level, etc.). 
     The management logic  124  may also perform experiments to gather feedback data  610  and more effectively tune electronic promotion correspondence sent to consumers. In that regard, the management logic  124  may segment one or more consumer groups and perform experiment(s) on a segmented portion of consumers. The management logic  124  may employ one or more experimental strategies to obtain feedback data  610 .  FIG.  7    shows examples of experimental strategies that the management logic  124  may perform, including the strategies labeled experimental strategy  1   710  and experimental strategy  2   720 . 
     The management logic  124  may determine a consumer base to perform the one or more experiments. The consumer base may include a sub-set of the total consumers the promotion program offering system  102  sends correspondence to. For example, the consumer base may be a representative distribution of the total consumer base available to the promotion program offering system  102 . The consumer base may be randomly selected, or selected according to any number of selection criteria, e.g., according to one or more consumer attributes, past engagement level, or any other criteria. The management logic  124  may determine a consumer base of any size (e.g., 1000 consumers, or 10% of the total consumer base). 
     In employing an experimental strategy, the management logic  124  may divide or apportion consumers (e.g., of a consumer base) into different consumer segments. In the first experimental strategy, the management logic  124  may segment consumers based on an engagement level of the consumer as seen as the y-axis of the experimental strategy  1   710  (e.g., based on total engagement level, for a particular promotion class, for a particular time of the year, for a particular promotion category or subcategory, or according to any other engagement segmentation criteria). The management logic  124  may divide consumers according to any alternative or additional segmentation attributes. In the example shown in  FIG.  7   , the management logic  104  arranges consumers in a random order on the x-axis of the experimental strategy  1   710 , thus providing a random distribution of the consumers of a common engagement level. 
     The management logic  124  may apply multiple experiments according to the consumer segmentation depicted in experimental strategy  1   710 , including the experiments labeled as experiment X  710 , experiment  711 , and experiment Z  712 . For each experiment, the management logic  124  may vary an experimental control factor. In  FIG.  7   , the management logic  710  varies the cadence applied to consumers. In experiment X  710 , the management logic  124  applies Cadence A to electronic promotion correspondence sent to a first consumer sub-segment, Cadence B to a second consumer sub-segment, and so on. In experiment Y  711 , the management logic  124  applies Cadence A′ to a consumer sub-segment, Cadence B to another consumer sub-segment, and so on. In a similar fashion, the management logic  124  applies Cadence A, C, D′, E, and F to respective consumer sub-segments assigned to experiment Z  712 . 
     By employing experimental strategy  1   710 , the management logic  124  may adjust both how consumers are segmented and/or sub-segmented as well as how each sub-segment is treated (e.g., according to varying cadences or other control factors). The management logic  124  may utilize one experiment in experimental strategy  1   710  to adjust how different cadences are applies to differently segment consumers in a first experiment while another experiment changes only the cadence for certain sub-segments. Additionally, experimental strategy  1   710  may provide direct insight to expected results upon ramping up an experiment to an entire consumer base. 
     Turning to experimental strategy  2   720 , the management logic  124  may similarly segment consumers according to engagement level (y-axis) and randomly order consumers with the same engagement level (x-axis). The management logic  124  may segment consumers according to engagement level properties, applied different experiments to the segmented users as shown in  FIG.  7   , including those labeled as Expr A  721 , Expr B  722 , Expr C  723 , etc. Employing experimental strategy  2   720  may allow the management logic  124  to determine how certain subsets of consumers react to different cadences. The management logic  124  may also infer global performance by selecting a composite of non-overlapping experiments.  FIG.  7    thus illustrates two experimental strategies that the management logic  124  may employ, though any additional or alternative strategies are contemplated. 
       FIG.  8    shows an example of logic  800  for collecting and using feedback data. The logic  800  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. As one example, the management logic  124  may implement the logic  800  in software as management instructions  132 . 
     The management logic  124  may perform one or more experiments ( 802 ), such as by varying the cadence of electronic promotion correspondences sent to consumer segments or sub-segments of a consumer base. In performing the experiment, the management logic  124  may apply a specific strategy or experiment to consumer segments or sub-segments. The management logic  124  may obtain and/or access feedback data  610  generated by the experiment ( 804 ). 
     The management logic  124  may use the feedback data to predict how a particular consumer will respond to a particular correspondence by examining how similar consumers responded to similar correspondence. In that regard, the management logic  124  may determine a specific portion of the feedback  610  associated with one or more consumer attributes of a consumer ( 806 ). The management logic  124  may assign the particular consumer to a consumer bucket based on tuple of consumer attributes. In one particular implementation, the management logic  124  determines the tuple of consumer attributes to include engagement level data of the particular consumer and access a specific portion of the feedback data  610  collected from other consumers characterized by the same tuple of consumer attributes. 
     As one illustration, the particular consumer may be characterized by the following past engagement level data: {50/130 electronic promotion correspondences opened; 20/30 promotion class 1 correspondences opened; 20/30 promotion class 2 correspondences opened; 10/70 promotion class 3 correspondences opened; 1/14 correspondences opened in the past week}. In this illustration, the management logic  124  may characterize engagement level of the particular consumer as the following tuple of consumer attributes: {high overall volume; high class 1 affinity; high class 2 affinity; low class 3 affinity; low recent activity}. The management logic  124  may access the specific portion of the feedback data  610  originating from other consumers with the same tuple of consumer attributes. 
     The management logic  124  may selectively determine one or more tuple attributes to weight or ignore, for example when the number of consumers with the same tuple of consumer attributes is less than an accuracy threshold. Continuing the illustration above, the feedback data  610  accessed by the management logic  124  may include data from only 10 other consumers characterized by the tuple of {high overall volume; high class 1 affinity; high class 2 affinity; low class 3 affinity; low recent activity}. The management logic  124  may remove one or more of the tuple attributes from consideration (e.g., the high overall volume attribute), which may result in 200 consumers characterized by the tuple of {high class 1 affinity; high class 2 affinity; low class 3 affinity; low recent activity}. The management logic  124  may use this specific portion of the feedback data  610  instead. 
     Upon determining the specific portion of the feedback data  610 , the management logic  124  may adjust electronic promotion correspondence sent to the consumer based on the specific portion of the feedback data  610  ( 808 ). The management logic  124  may adjust, for example, a target cadence of electronic promotion correspondence sent to the consumer. 
     The discussion above provides exemplary strategy level experimentation methods and techniques that the management logic  124  may conduct and utilize in managing electronic promotion correspondence sent to a consumer. Any number of additional or alternative strategy-level experimentations, methods, and techniques are contemplated. The management logic  124  may use strategy level experimentation to test experimental or new promotion correspondence formats or content. 
     One example of testing an experimental promotion correspondence format by the management logic  124  is provided with respect to a digest format for electronic promotion correspondence. The digest format may refer to a cross-class correspondence that includes promotions from multiple promotion classes (e.g., deal-of-the-day, getaways, goods, personal collections, etc.) within the same electronic promotion correspondence. The management logic  124  may perform an experiment on one or more consumer segments with the addition of the digest correspondence as a control factor. For example, the management logic  124  may perform the digest experiment as shown in Table 2 below (shown with respect to e-mail): 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Digest Experiment 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Control 
                 Experiment 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 High-Engagement 
                 Cadence A 
                 Cadence A + 
               
               
                 Level Consumers 
                 (Max 2 daily e-mails) 
                 Digest E-mail 
               
               
                 Medium-Engagement 
                 Cadence B 
                 Cadence B + 
               
               
                 Level Consumers 
                 (One email per day) 
                 Digest E-mail 
               
               
                 Low-Engagement 
                 Cadence C 
                 Cadence C + 
               
               
                 Level Consumers 
                 (One email per week) 
                 Digest E-mail 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The management logic  124  may tune the experimental cadences A, B, and C based on obtained feedback data  610 , e.g., periodically, after a predetermined amount of time, according to other tuning criteria that may be specified in the management parameters  134 . The management logic  134  may perform a similar or consistent experimental process to test new correspondence formats or content, including correspondences of a new promotion class. 
     While some experimental processes have been described above, the management logic  124  may perform experiments according to any variance of control factor(s), different correspondence content or cadence, consumer base, consumer segmentation, and according to any experiment parameters. 
     The management logic  124  may also gather feedback data  610  in any number of additional or alternative ways. For example, the management logic  124  may implement any of the systems or logic and perform any of the methods and techniques described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/756,145, titled “Pre-Feature Promotion System,” Filed on Jan. 31, 2013, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. The management logic  124  may perform any of the methods or techniques described in the above-incorporated reference in addition to, in combination with, or as an alternative to any of methods for obtaining feedback or response data described herein. 
     Communication Channel Determination 
     As mentioned above, the management logic  124  may determine a communication channel through which to send an electronic correspondence. A communication channel may refer to any means through which the promotion program offering system  102  and/or management logic  124  may send an electronic promotion correspondence to consumer. A communication channel may vary for different types of communications through which the management logic  124  may send the electronic promotion correspondence, including as examples, e-mail, push notifications, SMS text messages, via social media mechanisms, through accessing of a website, or according to any other means to communicate or access electronic data. 
       FIG.  9    shows an example of logic  900  for selecting a communication channel for sending electronic promotion correspondence to a consumer. The logic  900  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. As one example, the management logic  124  may implement the logic  900  in software as management instructions  132 . 
     The management logic  124  may access a generated electronic promotion correspondence  220  ( 902 ) and determine a selected electronic promotion correspondence to send to the consumer ( 904 ). The management logic  124  may also determine a communication channel through which to send the selected electronic promotion correspondence ( 906 ). 
     The management logic  124  may determine a selected communication channel according to one or more communication channel selection criterion, which may be specified in the management parameters  134 . For example, the management logic  124  may determine past engagement level associated with one or more available communication channels, and select the communication channel with the highest past engagement level. In other examples, the management logic  124  may perform a weighted analysis of the available communication channels, where the weights of each available communication channel may be based on any combination of operator-specified weights, target or actual cadence indicators for the available communication channels, past engagement level, consumer specified channel preferences, or any other factors. 
     In some variations, the management logic  124  may separately maintain a communication channel-specific cadence through which the management logic  124  determines whether to send electronic promotion correspondence through the communication channel. In that regard, the management logic  124  may make separate correspondence-sending determinations for one or more communication channel through which the management logic  124  can send electronic promotion correspondence. In this example, the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220  received by the management logic  124  may have been generated for communication across a particular communication channel. For example, the correspondence generation logic  212  described above may include particular logic for generating e-mail promotion correspondence, for generating mobile push notification promotion correspondence, etc., which the correspondence generation logic  212  may output as the generated electronic promotion correspondences  220 . 
     In some variations, the management logic  124  may determine a selected communication channel based on a target transmission time for sending the electronic promotion correspondence. For example, the management logic  124  may select the communication channel with a most recent estimated access time by the consumer. Or, the management logic  124  may determine the target transmission time and select the communication channel that has a highest engagement level for the consumer at the target transmission time or within a time range that includes the target transmission time. 
     Upon determining the selected communication channel, the management logic  124  sends the selected electronic promotion correspondence through the selected communication channel ( 908 ). 
     The disclosure herein provides multiple methods and techniques to manage the sending of electronic promotion correspondence sent to consumers on a per-consumer basis. The management logic  124  may combine any of the above disclosed logic, methods and techniques as well as any of the systems, logic, methods, and techniques described in any of the references incorporated by reference herein. Accordingly, the management logic  124  may flexibly and efficiently manage electronic promotion correspondence sent to individual consumers in a configurable fine-grained manner. 
     The present disclosure contemplates a computer-readable medium that includes instructions or receives and executes instructions responsive to a propagated signal, to implement one or more of the systems and methods described herein. Further, the instructions can be transmitted or received over the network via a communication interface. The communication interface can be a part of the processor or can be a separate component. The communication interface can be created in software or can be a physical connection in hardware. The communication interface can be configured to connect with a network, external media, the display, or any other components in system, or combinations thereof. The connection with the network can be a physical connection, such as a wired Ethernet connection or can be established wirelessly as discussed below. In the case of a service provider server, the service provider server can communicate with consumers through the communication interface. 
     The computer-readable medium can be a single medium, or the computer-readable medium can be a single medium or multiple media, such as a centralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers that store one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” can also include any medium that can be capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by a processor or that can cause a computer system to perform any one or more of the methods or operations disclosed herein. 
     The computer-readable medium can include a solid-state memory such as a memory card or other package that houses one or more non-volatile read-only memories. The computer-readable medium also may be a random access memory or other volatile re-writable memory. Additionally, the computer-readable medium may include a magneto-optical or optical medium, such as a disk or tapes or other storage device to capture carrier wave signals such as a signal communicated over a transmission medium. A digital file attachment to an email or other self-contained information archive or set of archives may be considered a distribution medium that may be a tangible storage medium. The computer-readable medium is preferably a tangible storage medium. Accordingly, the disclosure may be considered to include any one or more of a computer-readable medium or a distribution medium and other equivalents and successor media, in which data or instructions can be stored. 
     Alternatively or in addition, dedicated hardware implementations, such as application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic arrays and other hardware devices, may be constructed to implement one or more of the systems and methods described herein. Applications that may include the apparatus and systems of various embodiments may broadly include a variety of electronic and computer systems. One or more embodiments described herein may implement functions using two or more specific interconnected hardware modules or devices with related control and data signals that may be communicated between and through the modules, or as portions of an application-specific integrated circuit. Accordingly, the present system may encompass software, firmware, and hardware implementations. 
     The methods described herein may be implemented by software programs executable by a computer system. Further, implementations may include distributed processing, component/object distributed processing, and parallel processing. Alternatively or in addition, virtual computer system processing may be constructed to implement one or more of the methods or functionality as described herein. 
     Although components and functions are described that may be implemented in particular embodiments with reference to particular standards and protocols, the components and functions are not limited to such standards and protocols. For example, standards for Internet and other packet switched network transmission (e.g., TCP/IP, UDP/IP, HTML, and HTTP) represent examples of the state of the art. Such standards are periodically superseded by faster or more efficient equivalents having essentially the same functions. Accordingly, replacement standards and protocols having the same or similar functions as those disclosed herein are considered equivalents thereof. 
     The illustrations described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of various embodiments. The illustrations are not intended to serve as a complete description of all of the elements and features of apparatus, processors, and systems that utilize the structures or methods described herein. Many other embodiments can be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the disclosure. Other embodiments can be utilized and derived from the disclosure, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, the illustrations are merely representational and cannot be drawn to scale. Certain proportions within the illustrations may be exaggerated, while other proportions may be minimized. Accordingly, the disclosure and the figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. 
     The above disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments, which fall within the true spirit and scope of the description. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the scope is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.