Patent Publication Number: US-2023148928-A1

Title: Biological sensor

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to biological sensors. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Biological sensors for measuring biological information, such as electrocardiograms, pulses, electroencephalograms, or myoelectric waves, are used at medical institutions, such as hospitals or clinics, nursing homes, or homes. The biological sensor includes a biological electrode that is in contact with a living body and acquires a subject&#39;s biological information. When measuring the biological information, the biological sensor is affixed to a subject&#39;s skin to bring the biological electrode into contact with the subject&#39;s skin. The biological information is measured by acquiring an electrical signal related to the biological information with the biological electrode. 
     For the above-described biological sensor, a biocompatible polymer substrate is disclosed which includes, for example, a polymer layer having an electrode on one side, the polymer layer being formed by polymerizing dimethylvinyl-terminated dimethyl siloxane (DSDT) and tetramethyl tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane (TTC) with a predetermined ratio (see, for example, Patent Document 1). 
     In the biocompatible polymer substrate disclosed in Patent Document 1, the polymer layer is affixed to human skin, and the electrode detects a myocardial voltage signal from the human skin and receives and records the myocardial voltage signal in a data acquisition module. 
     PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS 
     Patent Documents 
     
         
         [Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent application publication No. 2012-10978 
       
    
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Problem to be Solved by the Invention 
     However, because the polymer layer of the biocompatible polymer substrate disclosed in Patent Document 1 is affixed to the living body, there is a problem that the polymer layer tends to peel off from the skin due to movement of the skin, perspiration, or the like. In particular, a biological sensor, such as a biocompatible polymer substrate, is often affixed to the skin for a long period of time, so that once the biological sensor peels away from the skin during use, biological information may not be stably measured. 
     According to one aspect of the present invention, it is an object to provide a biological sensor capable of being stably affixed to a living body. 
     Means for Solving Problems 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, a biological sensor that is to be affixed to a living body and is for acquiring a biological signal, includes 
     a cover member; and
 
a porous substrate having a porous structure, the porous substrate being disposed on the cover member on a side of the living body,
 
a sticking layer, including the porous substrate and a first adhesive layer that is disposed on the porous substrate on a side of the living body,
 
exhibiting a shear stress of from 5×10 4  N/m 2  to 65×10 4  N/m 2  when the sticking layer is deformed in a direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the sticking layer by 5% to 15% of a length of the sticking layer, and
 
a moisture permeability of the sticking layer being within a range from 65 g/m 2 ·day to 4000 g/m 2 ·day.
 
     Effects of the Invention 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, a biological sensor can be stably affixed to a living body. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a biological sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG.  2    is an exploded perspective view of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view of I-I in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  4    is a plan view illustrating a configuration of a sensor unit. 
         FIG.  5    is an exploded perspective view of a part of the sensor unit shown in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  6    is an explanatory view illustrating a state in which the biological sensor is affixed to skin of a living body (an analyte). 
         FIG.  7    is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a test method for measuring shear stress at 10% deformation of a sticking layer. 
         FIG.  8    is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a test method for measuring shear stress at 30% deformation of the biological sensor. 
         FIG.  9    is an explanatory diagram illustrating a peeling position of the biological sensor. 
     
    
    
     MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     In the following, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail. To facilitate understanding of the description, in each drawing, to the same elements, the same reference numeral will be assigned, and an explanation may be omitted. Moreover, a scale of each member in the drawings may be different from the actual scale, unless otherwise indicated. 
     &lt;Biological Sensor&gt; 
     A biological sensor according to the present embodiment will be described. The term “living body” includes a human body (human) and an animal, such as a cow, a horse, a pig, a chicken, a dog, and a cat. The biological sensor according to the present embodiment can be suitably used for a living body, especially a human body. In the present embodiment, as an example, a case of a patch-type biological sensor affixed to skin that is a part of a living body to measure biological information will be described. 
       FIG.  1    is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a biological sensor according to the present embodiment.  FIG.  2    is an exploded perspective view of  FIG.  1   .  FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view of I-I in  FIG.  1   . As shown in  FIG.  1   , the biological sensor  1  is a plate-like (sheet-like) member that is approximately elliptically formed in a planar view. As shown in  FIGS.  2  and  3   , the biological sensor  1  includes a cover member  10 , a first laminated sheet (first laminated body)  20 , an electrode  30 , a second laminated sheet (second laminated body)  40 , and a sensor unit  50 . The biological sensor  1  is formed by laminating the cover member  10 , the first laminated sheet  20 , the electrodes  30 , and the second laminated sheet  40  from the cover member  10  side to the second laminated sheet  40  side in this order. The biological sensor  1  enables the first laminated sheet  20 , the electrodes  30 , and the second laminated sheet  40  to be affixed to skin  2  that is a living body to acquire a biological signal. The cover member  10 , the first laminated sheet  20 , and the second laminated sheet  40  have substantially the same external shape in a planar view. The sensor unit  50  is mounted on the second laminated sheet  40  and stored in a storage space S formed by the cover member  10  and the first laminated sheet  20 . 
     In the specification of the present application, a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system in three axes (in an X-axis direction, a Y-axis direction, and a Z-axis direction) is used. A transverse direction of the biological sensor  1  is set to be the X-axis direction, the longitudinal direction of the biological sensor  1  is set to be the Y-axis direction, and the height direction (in the thickness direction) of the biological sensor  1  is set to be the Z-axis direction. A direction opposite to the side (sticking side) on which the biological sensor is affixed to the living body (analyte) is set to be a +Z-axis direction, and the side (sticking side) on which the biological sensor is affixed to the living body (analyte) is set to be a −Z-axis direction. In the following description, for convenience of illustration, the +Z-axis side will be referred to as an upper side or above, and the −Z-axis side will be referred to as a lower side or below. However, they do not represent a universal vertical relationship. 
     The biological sensor  1  exhibits a shear stress of from 5×10 4  N/m 2  to 65×10 4  N/m 2  when the sticking layer  21  that is a portion of the first laminated sheet  20  is deformed in a direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the sticking layer  21  (X-axis direction and Y-axis direction) by 5% to 15% of a length of the sticking layer  21 , and a moisture permeability of the sticking layer  21  is within a range from 65 g/m 2 ·day to 4000 g/m 2 ·day. The inventor of the present application has focused on reducing the shear stress when the sticking layer  21  is deformed in the longitudinal direction (in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction) to make the sticking layer  21  reasonably soft, and at the same time, increasing an air-permeability of the sticking layer  21 , while making the moisture permeability of the sticking layer  21  be within a predetermined range, to make the biological sensor sufficiently flexible. The inventor found that according to the above-described configuration, even when the skin  2  is stretched due to contact pressure of the biological sensor  1  on the skin of the subject, movement of the living body (body movement), or the like, the stress at the interface between the first laminated sheet  20  and the second laminated sheet  40  and the skin  2  can be reduced, and thereby the biological sensor  1  can be prevented from peeling off from the skin  2 . 
     The amount of deformation when the sticking layer  21  is deformed in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the sticking layer  21  (in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction) is preferably 8% to 12% of the length of the sticking layer  21 , more preferably 9.5% to 10.5%, and most preferably 10%. 
     The shear stress, when the sticking layer  21  is deformed in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the sticking layer  21  (X-axis direction and Y-axis direction) by 5% to 15% of a length of the sticking layer  21 , is preferably within a range from 5×10 4  N/m 2  to 15×10 4  N/m 2 , and more preferably within a range from 6×10 4  N/m 2  to 12×10 4  N/m 2 . In the case where the shear stress, when the sticking layer  21  is deformed by 5% to 15% of the length of the sticking layer  21 , is within a range from 5×10 4  N/m 2  to 15×10 4  N/m 2 , the flexibility of the sticking layer  21  can be further stably enhanced. 
     The moisture permeability of the sticking layer  21  is preferably within a range from 50 g/m 2 ·day to 5000 g/m 2 ·day, more preferably within a range from 2000 g/m 2 ·day to 4800 g/m 2 ·day, and further more preferably within a range from 2500 g/m 2 ·day to 4500 g/m 2 ·day. When the moisture permeability of the sticking layer  21  is within a range from 50 g/m 2 ·day to 5000 g/m 2 ·day, the flexibility of the first laminated sheet  20  can be more stably maintained. 
     The moisture permeability can be calculated using a publicly-known method, for example, a moisture permeability test called a cup method, a MOCON method, or the like. In the cup method, water vapor permeated through the material to be measured is absorbed by a hygroscopic agent in the cup, and moisture permeability is measured from a change in the weight of the absorbing agent. In the MOCON method, water vapor transmitted through the material to be measured is measured using an infrared sensor. 
     Moreover, the biological sensor  1  preferably exhibits the shear stress of from 5×10 4  N/m 2  to 25N×10 4  N/m 2  when 25% to 35% of the entire length of the biological sensor  1  (in the Y-axis direction) with respect to the contact surface with the skin  2  is deformed, more preferably from 5.6×10 4  N/m 2  to 20×10 4  N/m 2 , and even more preferably from 6.9×10 4  N/m 2  to 13×10 4  N/m 2 . When the shear stress is within the above-described ranges, the stress at an interface between the second laminated sheet  40  and the skin  2  can be reduced, so that the biological sensor  1  can be deformed more flexibly relative to the contact surface with the skin  2 , and the biological sensor  1  can be prevented from peeling off from the skin  2 . 
     An amount of deformation of the biological sensor  1  in the entire length direction (Y-axis direction) is preferably 28% to 32% of the length of the sticking layer  21 , more preferably 29.5% to 30.5%, and most preferably 30%. 
     [Cover Member] 
     As shown in  FIGS.  1  to  3   , the cover member  10  is positioned outermost (in the +Z-axis direction) of the biological sensor  1  and affixed to the upper surface of the first laminated sheet  20 . The cover member  10  has a projection portion  11  that protrudes with substantially a dome shape in the height direction (the +Z-axis direction) of  FIG.  1    in the central portion in the longitudinal direction (the Y-axis direction). A concave portion  11   a  on the living body side is formed into a recessed shape inside (sticking side) the projection portion  11 . The lower surface (on the sticking side) of the cover member  10  is formed flat. Inside the projection portion  11  (sticking side), a storage space S for storing the sensor unit  50  is formed by the concave portion  11   a  of the inner surface of the projection portion  11  and through hole  211   a  in a porous substrate  211 . 
     The cover member  10  may be formed of a flexible material such as silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, urethane rubber, or the like. Moreover, the cover member  10  may be formed by laminating the above-described flexible material on a surface of a base resin, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), as a support. When the cover member  10  is formed using the above-described flexible material and the like, the sensor unit  50  disposed in the storage space S of the cover member  10  is protected, and an impact applied to the biological sensor  1  from the upper side is absorbed, thereby reducing an impact on the sensor unit  50 . 
     Thicknesses of the upper surface and side walls of the projection portion  11  of the cover member  10  are greater than thicknesses of flat portions  12   a  and  12   b  disposed at both end sides of the cover member  10  in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction). Thus, flexibility of the projection portion  11  can be made lower than flexibility of the flat portions  12   a  and  12   b , and thereby the sensor unit  50  can be protected from an external force applied to the biological sensor  1 . 
     The thicknesses of the upper surface and the side walls of the projection portion  11  are preferably within a range from 1.5 mm to 3 mm, and the thicknesses of the flat portions  12   a  and  12   b  are preferably within a range from 0.5 mm to 1 mm. 
     Because the thinner flat portions  12   a  and  12   b  are more flexible than the projection portion  11 , when the biological sensor  1  is affixed to the skin  2 , the biological sensor  1  can be readily deformed conforming to deformation of a surface of the skin  2  caused by body movements such as stretching, bending, and twisting. Accordingly, a stress applied to the flat portions  12   a  and  12   b  when the surface of the skin  2  is deformed can be reduced, and thereby the biological sensor  1  can be made unlikely to peel off from the skin  2 . 
     Outer peripheries of the flat portions  12   a  and  12   b  are shaped so that thicknesses gradually decrease toward the ends. Thus, the flexibilities of the outer peripheries of the flat portions  12   a  and  12   b  can be made further higher, and the wearing feeling when the biological sensor  1  is affixed to the skin  2  can be improved compared to a case where the thicknesses of the outer peripheries of the flat portions  12   a  and  12   b  are not reduced. 
     A hardness (strength) of the cover member  10  is preferably within a range from 40 to 70, and more preferably within a range from 50 to 60. When the hardness of the cover member  10  is within the above-described range, a third adhesive layer  42  provided on the sticking side (in the −Z-axis direction) of a second substrate  41  can readily reduce a stress at the interface with the skin  2  when the skin  2  is stretched by body movement. The hardness refers to Shore A hardness. 
     [First Laminated Sheet] 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the first laminated sheet  20  is affixed to a lower surface of the cover member  10 . The first laminated sheet  20  has a through hole  20   a  at a position facing the projection portion  11  of the cover member  10 . With the through hole  20   a , the sensor body  52  of the sensor unit  50  can be stored in the storage space S formed by the concave portion  11   a  on the inner surface of the cover member  10  and the through hole  20   a  without being obstructed by the first laminated sheet  20 . 
     The first laminated sheet  20  includes a sticking layer  21  and a second adhesive layer  22  disposed on a surface on the cover member  10  side (in the +Z-axis direction) of the first laminated sheet  20 . 
     (Sticking Layer) 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the sticking layer  21  includes a porous substrate  211  and a first adhesive layer  212  disposed on the living body side (−Z-axis direction) of the porous substrate  211 . 
     ((Porous Substrate)) 
     The porous substrate  211  has a porous structure and can be formed of a porous body having flexibility, waterproof property, and moisture permeability. For example, a foamed material having an open-cell structure, a closed-cell structure, a semi-closed-cell structure, or the like can be used for the porous body. Therefore, water vapor emitted/generated by perspiration or the like from the skin  2 , to which the biological sensor  1  is affixed, can be discharged to the outside of the biological sensor  1  through the porous substrate  211 . 
     The moisture permeability of the porous substrate  211  is preferably within a range from 100 g/m 2 ·day to 5000 g/m 2 ·day, more preferably within a range from 1000 g/m 2 ·day to 4500 g/m 2 ·day, and even more preferably within a range from 2000 g/m 2 ·day to 4100 g/m 2 ·day. When the moisture permeability of the sticking layer  21  is set to be within a range from 100 g/m 2 ·day to 5000 g/m 2 ·day, water vapor entering from one side of the porous substrate  211  can be caused to pass through the porous substrate  211  and can be stably discharged from the other side of the porous substrate  211 . 
     For the material forming the porous substrate  211 , a thermoplastic resin, such as a polyurethane resin, a polystyrene resin, a polyolefin resin, a silicone resin, an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride resin, or a polyester resin, may be used. 
     The thickness of the porous substrate  211  may be appropriately set, for example, within a range from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. 
     The porous substrate  211  has a through hole  211   a  at a position facing the projection portion  11  of the cover member  10 . Because the first adhesive layer  212  and the second adhesive layer  22  are formed on the surface of the porous substrate  211  other than the through hole  211   a , the through hole  20   a  can be formed. 
     ((First Adhesive Layer)) 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the first adhesive layer  212  is affixed to the lower surface of the porous substrate  211 , and has a function of sticking the second substrate  41  onto the porous substrate  211  and sticking the electrodes  30  onto the porous substrate  211 . 
     The first adhesive layer  212  preferably has a moisture permeability. The water vapor or the like generated from the skin  2 , to which the biological sensor  1  is affixed, can be discharged to the porous substrate  211  through the first adhesive layer  212 . Furthermore, since the porous substrate  211  has a cell structure as described above, water vapor can be discharged to the outside of the biological sensor  1  via the second adhesive layer  22 . Thus, it is possible to prevent perspiration or water vapor from accumulating at the interface between the skin  2 , to which the biological sensor  1  is affixed, and the third adhesive layer  42 . As a result, it is possible to prevent the biological sensor  1  from peeling off from the skin  2  due to the moisture accumulated at the interface between the skin  2  and the first adhesive layer  212  that reduces the adhesion force of the first adhesive layer  212 . 
     The moisture permeability of the first adhesive layer  212  is preferably 1 g/m 2 ·day or more, and more preferably 10 g/m 2 ·day or more. Moreover, the moisture permeability of the first adhesive layer  212  is 10000 g/m 2 ·day or less. If the moisture permeability of the first adhesive layer  212  is 10 g/m 2 ·day or more, when the third adhesive layer  42  is affixed to the skin  2 , perspiration or the like transmitted from the second laminated sheet  40  can be discharged to the outside, so that a load of the skin  2  can be reduced. 
     A material forming the first adhesive layer  212  preferably has a pressure-sensitive adhesiveness. The same material for the third adhesive layer  42  can be used. Specifically, an acrylic-based pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably used. 
     The first adhesive layer  212  may be a double-sided adhesive tape formed of the above-described material. When the cover member  10  is laminated on the first adhesive layer  212  to form the biological sensor  1 , the waterproof property of the biological sensor  1  can be enhanced and a bonding strength with the cover member  10  can be increased. 
     The first adhesive layer  212  may have a corrugated pattern (web pattern) formed on the surface in which an adhesive forming portion with the adhesive and an adherend portion without the adhesive are alternately formed. For the first adhesive layer  212 , for example, a double-sided adhesive tape having a web pattern formed on the surface may be used. Since the first adhesive layer  212  has a web pattern on the surface, the adhesive can be attached to a convex portion of the surface and its periphery without the adhesive attaching to a concave portion of the surface and its periphery. Thus, since there are both a portion in which the adhesive is present on the surface of the first adhesive layer  212  and a portion in which the adhesive is not present, the adhesive can be dispersed on the surface of the first adhesive layer  212 . The moisture permeability of the first adhesive layer  212  is likely to be higher, as the adhesive becomes thinner. Therefore, since the first adhesive layer  212  has a web pattern formed on the surface and a portion in which the adhesive is a partially thin, the moisture permeability can be enhanced while maintaining the adhesive strength, compared to the case where the web pattern is not formed. 
     Widths of the adhesive forming portion and the adherend portion can be suitably designed. The width of the adhesive forming portion is preferably, for example, within a range from 500 μm to 1000 μm, and the width of the adherend portion is preferably within a range from 1500 μm to 5000 μm. If the widths of the adhesive forming portion and the adherend portion are within the above-described corresponding preferred ranges, the first adhesive layer  212  exhibits an excellent moisture permeability while maintaining the adhesive strength. 
     The thickness of the first adhesive layer  212  can be appropriately set. The thickness is preferably within a range from 10 μm to 300 μm, more preferably within a range from 50 μm to 200 μm, and even more preferably within a range from 70 μm to 110 μm. If the thickness of the first adhesive layer  212  is within a range from 10 μm to 300 μm, the biological sensor  1  can be made thinner. 
     (Second Adhesive Layer) 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the second adhesive layer  22  is disposed in a state of being affixed to the upper surface of the porous substrate  211 . The second adhesive layer  22  is affixed to the upper surface of the porous substrate  211  at a position corresponding to the flat surface on the sticking side (−Y-axial direction) of the cover member  10 , and has a function of sticking the cover member  10  onto the porous substrate  211 . 
     For the material forming the second adhesive layer  22 , a silicon-based adhesive, silicone-tape, or the like may be used. 
     The thickness of the second adhesive layer  22  may be appropriately set. The thickness is, for example, within a range from 10 μm to 300 μm. 
     (Electrode) 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the electrode  30  is affixed to the lower surface that is the sticking side of the first adhesive layer  212  (in the −Z-axis direction) with a portion on the sensor body  52  side of the electrode  30  being connected to wirings  53   a  and  53   b  and the portion being held between the first adhesive layer  212  and the fourth adhesive layer  43 . A portion of the electrode  30  that is not held between the first adhesive layer  212  and the fourth adhesive layer  43  is brought into contact with the living body. When the biological sensor  1  is affixed to the skin  2 , the electrode  30  is brought into contact with the skin  2 , so that the biological signal is detected. A biological signal is, for example, an electrical signal representing an electrocardiogram, an electroencephalogram, a pulse, or the like. The electrode  30  may be embedded in the second substrate  41  in a state of being exposed contactably with the skin  2 . 
     The electrode  30  can be formed using an electrode sheet which is obtained by forming a cured product of a conductive composition including a conductive polymer and a binder resin, metals, alloys, or the like into a shape of sheet. 
     For the conductive polymer, for example, a polythiophene-based conductive polymer, a polyaniline-based conductive polymer, a polypyrrole-based conductive polymer, a polyacetylene-based conductive polymer, a polyphenylene-based conductive polymer and derivatives thereof, and a complex thereof may be used. The above-described conductive polymers may be used singly, or a combination of two or more conductive polymers may be used. Among them, a complex obtained by doping polyaniline as a dopant to polythiophene is preferably used. Among the complexes of polythiophene and polyaniline, PEDOT/PSS obtained by doping polystyrene sulfonic acid (poly4-styrene sulfonate; PSS) to poly3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT), is more preferably used because of a lower contact impedance with the living body and the high electrical conductivity. 
     The electrode  30  has a plurality of through holes  31  on the contact surface with the skin  2 . Because the first adhesive layer  212  can be exposed to the sticking side through the through holes  31  in the state where the electrode  30  is affixed to the first adhesive layer  212 , adhesiveness of the electrode  30  with the skin  2  can be enhanced. 
     [Second Laminated Sheet] 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the second laminated sheet  40  includes a second substrate  41 , a third adhesive layer  42 , and a fourth adhesive layer  43 . 
     (Second Substrate) 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , an outer shape of the second substrate  41  on both sides, in the width direction (the X-axis direction) of the third adhesive layer  42 , is substantially the same as an outer shape of the first laminated sheet  20  and the cover member  10  on both sides in the width direction (the X-axis direction). The length (Y-axis direction) of the second substrate  41  is shorter than the length (Y-axis direction) of the cover member  10  and the first laminated sheet  20 . Both ends in the longitudinal direction of the second laminated sheet  40  are at positions where the wirings  53   a  and  53   b  of the sensor unit  50  are held between the second laminated sheet  40  and the first laminated sheet  20  and where the second laminated sheet  40  overlaps with the portion of the electrode  30 . The fourth adhesive layer  43  is disposed on an upper surface of the second substrate  41 , and the first adhesive layer  212  is disposed on the sticking surface of the first laminated sheet  20 . The fourth adhesive layer  43  of the second laminated sheet  40  and the first adhesive layer  212  of the first laminated sheet  20  extending from both ends in the longitudinal direction of the second laminated sheet  40  form a sticking surface to the skin  2 . Thus, water resistance/moisture permeability differs depending on the position on the sticking surface, and likewise adhesiveness differs. However, as a whole of the biological sensor  1 , the adhesiveness on the sticking surface corresponding to the first laminated sheet  20  significantly affects a sticking performance to the skin  2 . 
     The second substrate  41  can be formed of a flexible resin with appropriate elasticity, flexibility, and toughness. For materials forming the second substrate  41 , for example, thermoplastic resins including a polyester-based resin, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polybutylene naphthalate; an acrylic-based resin, such as polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethyl methacrylate, and polybutyl acrylate; a polyolefin-based resin, such as polyethylene and polypropylene; a polystyrene-based resin, such as polystyrene, imide-modified polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, imide-modified ABS resin, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymerization (SAN) resin, and acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-diene styrene (AES) resin; a polyimide-based resin; a polyurethane-based resin; a silicone-based resin; and a polyvinyl chloride-based resin, such as polyvinyl chloride resin, and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, may be used. Among them, a polyolefin resin and PET are preferably used. The above-described thermoplastic resins are waterproof (with low moisture permeability). Thus, when the second substrate  41  is formed of the above-described thermoplastic resins, it is possible to prevent water vapor emitted/generated by perspiration from the skin  2  from entering the flexible substrate  51  side of the sensor unit  50  through the second substrate  41  in the state where the biological sensor  1  is affixed to the skin  2  of the living body. 
     Preferably, the second substrate  41  is formed in a flat plate shape, since the sensor unit  50  is disposed on the upper surface of the second substrate  41 . 
     The thickness of the second substrate  41  may be appropriately selected. For example, the thickness is preferably within a range from 1 μm to 300 μm, more preferably within a range from 5 μm to 100 μm, and even more preferably within a range from 10 μm to 50 μm. 
     (Third Adhesive Layer) 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the third adhesive layer  42  is disposed on the surface of the sticking side (in the −Z-axis direction) of the second substrate  41 . The third adhesive layer  42  is brought into contact with the living body. 
     The third adhesive layer  42  preferably has pressure-sensitive adhesiveness. Since the third adhesive layer  42  has the pressure-sensitive adhesiveness, the biological sensor  1  can be readily affixed to the skin  2  by pressing the biological sensor  1  against the skin  2  of the living body. 
     The material of the third adhesive layer  42  is not particularly limited, as long as the material has a pressure-sensitive adhesiveness. The material includes a biocompatible material, and the like. Suitable materials forming the third adhesive layer  42  include, for example, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, and a silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive. The material preferably includes an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive. 
     The acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive preferably includes an acrylic polymer as a main ingredient. The acrylic polymer can function as a pressure sensitive adhesive component. For the acrylic polymer, a polymer containing (meth)acrylic ester, such as isononyl acrylate or methoxyethyl acrylate, as a main ingredient, and obtained by being polymerized with a monomer component containing, as an optional component, a monomer that can be copolymerized with (meth)acrylic ester, such as acrylic acid, may be used 
     Preferably, the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive further includes a carboxylic acid ester. The carboxylic acid ester functions as a pressure-sensitive adhesive force regulator to reduce a pressure-sensitive adhesive force of the acrylic polymer to adjust the pressure-sensitive adhesive force of the third adhesive layer  42 . For the carboxylic ester, carboxylic acid ester compatible with acrylic polymers may be used. For the carboxylic acid ester, trifatty acid glyceryl or the like may be used. 
     The acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive may contain a crosslinking agent, as necessary. The crosslinking agents are cross-linking components that cross-link acrylic polymers. Suitable crosslinking agents include, for example, a polyisocyanate compound (a polyfunctional isocyanate compound), an epoxy compound, a melamine compound, a peroxide compound, a urea compound, a metal alkoxide compound, a metal chelate compound, a metal salt compound, a carbodiimide compound, an oxazoline compound, an aziridine compound, and an amine compound. Among the above-described compounds, the polyisocyanate compound is preferable. The above-described crosslinking agents may be used singly, or a combination of two or more crosslinking agents may be used. 
     The third adhesive layer  42  preferably has excellent biocompatibility. For example, when the third adhesive layer  42  is subjected to a keratin peeling test, a keratin peeling area ratio is preferably within a range from 0% to 50%, and more preferably within a range from 1% to 15%. When the keratin peeling area ratio is within the range of 0% to 50%, the load on the skin  2  can be suppressed even when the third adhesive layer  42  is affixed to the skin  2 . 
     The third adhesive layer  42  is preferably moisture permeable. With the moisture permeability, it is possible to discharge water vapor or the like generated from the skin  2 , to which the biological sensor  1  is affixed, to the first laminated sheet  20  side, through the third adhesive layer  42 . Furthermore, since the first laminated sheet  20  has a cell structure which will be described later, water vapor can be discharged to the outside of the biological sensor  1  through the third adhesive layer  42 . Therefore, it is possible to prevent perspiration or water vapor from accumulating at the interface between the skin  2 , to which the biological sensor  1  is affixed, and the third adhesive layer  42 . As a result, it is possible to prevent the biological sensor  1  from peeling off from the skin due to a decrease in the adhesion force of the third adhesive layer  42  by moisture accumulated at the interface between the skin  2  and the third adhesive layer  42 . 
     The moisture permeability of the third adhesive layer  42  is preferably 300 g/m 2 ·day or more, more preferably 600 g/m 2 ·day or more, and even more preferably 1000 g/m 2 ·day or more. Moreover, the moisture permeability of the third adhesive layer  42  is 10000 g/m 2 ·day or less. If the moisture permeability of the third adhesive layer  42  is 300 g/m 2 ·day or more, perspiration or the like generated from the skin  2  can be transmitted appropriately from the second substrate  41  to the outside even when the third adhesive layer  42  is affixed to the skin  2 , thereby the load to the skin  2  can be reduced. 
     The thickness of the third adhesive layer  42  can be appropriately selected. The thickness is preferably within a range from 10 μm to 300 μm. When the thickness of the third adhesive layer  42  is within a range from 10 μm to 300 μm, the biological sensor  1  can be made thinner. 
     (Fourth Adhesive Layer) 
     As shown in  FIG.  4   , the fourth adhesive layer  43  is disposed on the upper surface of the second substrate  41  on the cover member  10  side (in the +Z-axis direction), and is a layer to which the sensor unit  50  is affixed. Since for the fourth adhesive layer  43 , a material the same as or similar to the third adhesive layer  42  can be used, details thereof will be omitted. The fourth adhesive layer  43  need not necessarily be provided, but may not be provided. 
     (Sensor Unit) 
       FIG.  4    is a plan view illustrating a configuration of the sensor unit  50 , and  FIG.  5    is an exploded perspective view of a part of the sensor unit  50 . The dashed line in  FIG.  4    represents the outer shape of the cover member  10 . As shown in  FIGS.  4  and  5   , the sensor unit  50  includes a flexible substrate  51  on which various components for acquiring biological information are mounted, a sensor body  52 , wirings  53   a  and  53   b  connected to the sensor body  52  in the longitudinal direction, a battery  54 , a positive electrode pattern  55 , a negative electrode pattern  56 , and a conductive adhesive tape  57 . Between a pad portion  522   a  and a pad portion  522   b  of the sensor unit  50 , the positive electrode pattern  55 , the conductive adhesive tape  57 , the battery  54 , the conductive adhesive tape  57 , and the negative electrode pattern  56  are laminated in this order from the pad portion  522   a  side to the pad portion  522   b  side. In the present embodiment, the positive terminal of the battery  54  is set to be in the −Z-axis direction and the negative terminal is set to be in the +Z-axis direction. However, the positive terminal and the negative terminal may be reversed, i.e. the positive terminal may be in the +Z-axis direction and the negative terminal may be in the −Z-axis direction. 
     The flexible substrate  51  is made of a resin, and the flexible substrate  51  is integrally formed with the sensor body  52  and the wirings  53   a  and  53   b.    
     An end of each of the wirings  53   a  and  53   b  is connected to electrode  30 , as shown in  FIG.  3   . As shown in  FIG.  4   , the other end of the wiring  53   a  is connected to a switch or the like mounted to the component mounting unit  521  along the outer periphery of the sensor body  52 . The other end of the wiring  53   b  is connected to a switch or the like mounted on the component mounting unit  521  in the same manner as the wiring  53   a . The wirings  53   a  and  53   b  may be formed on any of wiring layers on the front surface side and the rear surface side of the flexible substrate  51 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  4   , the sensor body  52  includes a component mounting unit  521  that is a controller and includes a battery mounting unit  522 . 
     The component mounting unit  521  includes various components mounted on the flexible substrate  51 , such as a CPU and an integrated circuit for processing biological signals acquired from a living body to generate biological signal data; a switch for activating the biological sensor  1 ; a flash memory for storing the biological signals; or a light emitting element. Examples of circuits using various components will be omitted. The component mounting unit  521  is operated by power supplied from the battery  54  mounted on the battery mounting unit  522 . 
     The component mounting unit  521  wiredly or wirelessly communicates with an external device such as an operation checking device for checking an initial operation, or a readout device for reading biological information from the biological sensor  1 . 
     The battery mounting unit  522  supplies power to the integrated circuit mounted on the component mounting unit  521 . The battery  54  is mounted on the battery mounting unit  522 , as shown in  FIG.  2   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the battery mounting unit  522  is disposed between the wiring  53   a  and the component mounting unit  521 , and includes the pad portions  522   a  and  522   b  and a constriction portion  522   c.    
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the pad portion  522   a  is provided between the wiring  53   a  and the component mounting unit  521 , located on the positive terminal side of the battery  54 , and has the positive electrode pattern  55  to which the positive terminal is connected. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the pad portion  522   b  is provided separated from the pad portion  522   a  by a predetermined distance along a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction (in the vertical direction in  FIG.  3   ) with respect to the pad portion  522   a . The pad  522   b  is located on the negative terminal (second terminal) side of the battery  54  and has the negative electrode pattern  56  to which the negative terminal is connected. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the constriction portion  522   c  is disposed between the pad portions  522   a  and  522   b  to connect the pad portions  522   a  and  522   b  to each other. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the battery  54  is arranged between the positive and negative electrode patterns  55  and  56 . The battery  54  has positive and negative terminals. For the battery  54 , a publicly-known battery may be used. The battery  54  may be a coin-type battery, such as CR2025. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the positive electrode pattern  55  is located on the positive terminal side of the battery  54  and is connected to the positive terminal. The positive electrode pattern  55  has a rectangular shape with chamfered corners. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the negative electrode pattern  56  is located on the negative terminal side of the battery  54  and is connected to the negative terminal. The negative electrode pattern  56  has a shape substantially corresponding to the size of the circular shape of the negative terminal of the battery  54 . The diameter of the negative electrode pattern  56  is, for example, equal to the diameter of the battery  54  and approximately equal to the diagonal length of the positive electrode pattern  55 . 
     The conductive adhesive tape  57  is a conductive adhesive that is disposed between the battery  54  and the positive electrode pattern  55  and also is disposed between the battery  54  and the negative electrode pattern  56 . The conductive adhesive tape may also generally be referred to as a conductive adhesive sheet, a conductive adhesive film, or the like. 
     A conductive adhesive tape  57 A and a conductive adhesive tape  57 B are affixed to the entire positive electrode pattern  55  and the negative electrode pattern  56 , respectively, when a battery  54  is mounted to the biological sensor  1 . Then, the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery  54  are affixed to the positive electrode pattern  55  and the negative electrode pattern  56  via the conductive adhesive tape  57 A and the conductive adhesive tape  57 B, respectively, so that the battery  54  is mounted to the battery mounting unit  522 .  FIG.  4    shows the sensor body  52  in which the battery  54  is mounted to the battery mounting unit  522  in the state where the battery  54  is held between the positive electrode pattern  55  and the negative electrode pattern  56  by deflecting the constriction portion  522   c.    
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , a peelable sheet  60  is preferably affixed to the surface of the biological sensor  1  on the sticking side (−Z-axis direction) until the biological sensor  1  is affixed to the skin  2 , in order to protect the second substrate  41  and the electrode  30 . By peeling the peelable sheet  60  off the second substrate  41  and the electrodes  30  when the biological sensor  1  is used, the adhesion force of the second substrate  41  can be maintained. 
       FIG.  6    is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state where the biological sensor  1  shown in  FIG.  1    is affixed to a chest of the living body P. For example, the longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction) of the biological sensor  1  is aligned with the sternum of the living body P, and the biological sensor  1  is affixed to the skin of the living body P with one electrode  30  being on the upper side and another electrode  30  being on the lower side of the living body P. The biological sensor  1  acquires a biological signal, such as an electrocardiogram signal, through the electrodes  30  from the living body P in the state where the electrodes  30  are pressed into contact with the skin of the living body P by sticking the third adhesive layer  42  shown in  FIG.  2    onto the skin of the living body P. The biological sensor  1  stores the acquired biological signal data in a non-volatile memory such as a flash memory mounted in the component mounting unit  521 . 
     As described above, the biological sensor  1  includes the cover member  10 , the porous substrate  211 , and exhibits a shear stress of from 5×10 4  N/m 2  to 65×10 4  N/m 2  when the sticking layer  21 , having the porous substrate  211  and the first adhesive layer  212 , is deformed in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the sticking layer  21  (X-axis direction or Y-axis direction) by 5% to 15% of a length of the sticking layer  21 , and a moisture permeability of the sticking layer  21  is within a range from 65 g/m 2 ·day to 4000 g/m 2 ·day. With the above-described properties, it is possible to soften the sticking layer  21  by increasing the shear stress when the sticking layer  21  is deformed, while increasing an air-permeability by controlling the moisture permeability to be within a predetermined range, and thereby the entire sticking layer  21  has adequate flexibility. As a result, upon attaching the biological sensor  1  to the skin  2 , even when the skin  2  is stretched due to attaching the biological sensor  1  on the skin  2  with pressure, a body movement, or the like, it is possible to reduce the stress generated at the interface between the third adhesive layer  42 , which is provided on the surface of the second substrate  41  on the sticking side (−Z-axis direction), and the skin  2 . Thus, it is possible to prevent the biological sensor  1  from peeling off the skin  2 . Therefore, the biological sensor  1  can be stably affixed to the skin  2 . 
     In particular, in the biological sensor  1  having the above-described configuration, since the electrode  30  is disposed on a part of the sticking surface of the first adhesive layer  212 , and the porous substrate  211  has a through hole  211   a  at a substantially central portion thereof, it is important that the first adhesive layer  212  readily follows the movement of the skin  2 , and that the biological sensor  1  is flexible. In the biological sensor  1 , when a shear force applied to the sticking layer  21  is within a predetermined range, the sticking layer  21  is softened by increasing a shear stress when the sticking layer  21  is deformed, while increasing an air-permeability of the sticking layer  21  by controlling the moisture permeability to be within a predetermined range, and thereby the entire sticking layer  21  has adequate flexibility. Thus, it is possible to prevent the sticking surface of the first adhesive layer  212 , onto which the electrodes  30  are affixed, from peeling off from the skin  2 . Furthermore, in the planar view of the biological sensor  1 , it is possible to prevent the sticking surface located in the region of the porous substrate  211 , including the through hole  211   a  and the connecting portions of the wirings  53   a  and  53   b  to the electrode  30 , from peeling off from the skin  2 . 
     Accordingly, the biological sensor  1  can stably measure biological information from the skin  2 , since at least a part of the biological sensor  1  can be prevented from peeling off the subject&#39;s skin  2  even if the subject moves during using the biological sensor  1 . 
     The biological sensor  1  may include a second adhesive layer  22  on a surface of the sticking layer  21  on the cover member  10  side that is an upper surface of the sticking layer  21 . According to the above-described configuration, the first laminated sheet  20  can be made softer. Thus, when the skin  2  is stretched due to the body movement, the first adhesive layer  212  and the third adhesive layer  42  are more readily deformed along the interface with the skin  2 , and the stress generated at the interface between the first adhesive layer  212  and the third adhesive layer  42  and the skin  2  can be reduced more. Accordingly, since the biological sensor  1  is further prevented from peeling off from the skin  2 , it is possible to maintain the stable state of sticking to the skin  2 . 
     Additionally, a hardness of the cover member  10  of the biological sensor  1  can be within a range from 40 to 70. When the hardness of the cover member  10  is within a range from 40 to 70, the cover member  10  can have an appropriate softness, and it is possible to reduce the obstructing the deformation of the second laminated sheet  40  by the cover member  10 . Thus, because when the skin  2  is stretched by the body movement the third adhesive layer  42  can be more readily deformed along the interface with the skin  2 , the stress at the interface between the third adhesive layer  42  and the skin  2  can be further reduced. Accordingly, since the biological sensor  1  can be more stably prevented from being peeled from the skin  2 , it is possible to more stably maintain the state of sticking to the skin  2 . 
     The moisture permeability of the porous substrate  211  of the biological sensor  1  can be within a range from 100 g/m 2 ·day to 5000 g/m 2 ·day. Accordingly, the porous substrate  211  can stably discharge water vapor generated from the skin  2  to the outside of the biological sensor  1  via the first adhesive layer  212  and the second adhesive layer  22 , and thus it is possible to further suppress the peeling from the skin  2 . 
     Moreover, the biological sensor  1  can exhibit the shear stress of from 5×10 4  N/m 2  to 25×10 4  N/m 2  when 25% to 35% of the entire length of the biological sensor  1  (in the Y-axis direction) with respect to the contact surface with the skin  2  is deformed. Typically, when a biological sensor is affixed to skin, an amount of deformation of the biological sensor with respect to a contact surface with the skin  2  is 20% or less of the entire length of the biological sensor. Even when the biological sensor  1  is deformed by 25% to 35% of the entire length of the biological sensor  1 , the shear stress of the biological sensor  1  can be made within a range from 5×10 4  N/m 2  to 25×10 4  N/m 2 . Thus, in the state where the biological sensor  1  is affixed to the skin  2 , even when the skin  2  is stretched by the body movement, it is possible to more stably prevent the biological sensor  1  from peeling off from the skin  2 . It is possible to maintain more stably the state of being affixed to the skin  2 . 
     The biological sensor  1  includes the electrode  30 , the second substrate  41 , and a sensor body  52 . The cover member  10  has the concave portion  11   a  on the skin  2  side. The porous substrate  211  has the through hole  211   a  in a position corresponding to the concave portion  11   a , and the storage space S can be formed by the concave portion  11   a  and the through hole  211   a . Even if the biological sensor  1  is provided with the sensor body  52  inside the biological sensor  1 , the first adhesive layer  212  can further suppress the peeling from the skin  2 , and the biological sensor  1  can maintain the state of stably sticking to the skin  2 . 
     The biological sensor  1  includes the third adhesive layer  42 , and can form a sticking surface to the living body by the first adhesive layer  212  and the third adhesive layer  42 . In the biological sensor  1 , Even when the third adhesive layer  42  is in contact with the skin  2 , the third adhesive layer  42  can further suppress the peeling from the skin  2 , and the biological sensor  1  can maintain the state where the third adhesive layer  42  is stably affixed to the skin  2 . 
     In addition, the biological sensor  1  may provide a through hole  31  in the electrode  30 . By exposing the first adhesive layer  212  through the through hole  31  to the sticking side, the adhesion between the electrode  30  and the skin  2  can be enhanced. Therefore, even when the electrode  30  is affixed to the first adhesive layer  212 , the biological sensor  1  can prevent the first adhesive layer  212  from peeling off from the skin  2 , and can maintain the state of stably sticking to the skin  2 . 
     As described above, because the biological sensor  1  can make it unlikely to peel off from the skin  2 , the biological sensor  1  may be suitably used for a wearable device for healthcare, such as a biological sensor. 
     EXAMPLE 
     In the following, the embodiments will be more specifically described presenting practical examples and comparative examples. However, the embodiments are not limited by the practical examples and comparative examples. 
     Example 1 
     [Preparation of Biological Sensor] 
     (Preparation of First Laminated Sheet) 
     A first adhesive layer (long-term adhesive tape  1  (by Nitto Denko Corporation, thickness: 70 μm)) was formed on a lower surface of a porous substrate  1  (polyolefin foam sheet (Folec™), by INOAC Corporation, thickness: 0.5 mm), formed in a rectangular shape. The long-term adhesive tape  1  was a double-sided adhesive tape having a corrugated pattern (web pattern) formed on the surface thereof such that a width of an adhesive agent forming portion without an adhesive agent was about 500 μm and a width of an adherend portion without an adhesive agent was about 1500 μm. Thereafter, a second adhesive layer (a silicone tape  1  (ST503(HC)60, by Nitto Denko Corporation, thickness: 60 μm) was formed on an upper surface of a sticking layer. Thus, the first laminated sheet was prepared. 
     (Preparation of Second Laminated Sheet) 
     A second laminated sheet, which was a skin tape obtained by sticking adhesive films  1  (Permerol, by Nitto Denko Corporation, moisture permeability: 21 g/m 2 ·day), as a third adhesive layer, onto both surfaces of a substrate  1  (PET (PET-50-SCA1 (white), by Mitsui &amp; Co. Plastics, Ltd.), thickness: 38 μm), formed in a rectangular shape, was prepared. 
     (Preparation of Cover Member) 
     A cover member was prepared by forming a coating layer with a Shore hardness A40 formed of a silicone rubber on a support formed using PET as a base resin, and forming the product in a predetermined shape. 
     (Preparation of Biological Sensor) 
     A sensor unit provided with a battery and a controller was deposited in the center of an upper surface of the second laminated sheet. Then, a pair of electrodes were affixed to a sticking surface side of the first adhesive layer in the state of being held by the first adhesive layer of the first laminated sheet and the second laminated sheet, thereby the electrodes were connected to a wiring of the sensor unit. Thereafter, a cover member was laminated on the first laminated sheet so that the sensor unit was arranged within a storage space formed by the first laminated sheet and the cover member. Thus, the biological sensor was prepared. 
     [Evaluation of Moisture Permeability of Porous Substrate] 
     The moisture permeability of the porous substrate  1  was measured according to the conditions of JIS Z 0208 (Moisture permeability test method of moisture-proof packaging material (cup method)). A test article was prepared from the porous substrate having a width of 5 cm×a length of 5 cm×a thickness of 0.5 mm, and a mass of the test article was measured. Then, the test article was left under a constant temperature and humidity environment with a temperature of 40° C. and a relative humidity of 30% for 24 hours, and the mass of the test article was measured. The moisture permeability of the porous substrate  1  at a thickness of 500 μm was calculated by using the following equation (1). 
       Moisture permeability of the porous substrate (g/m 2 ·day)=((mass before leaving)−(mass after leaving))×882.192  (1)
 
     [Evaluation of Characteristics of Sticking Layer] 
     A shear stress when the sticking layer was deformed by 10%, moisture permeability, and water retention rate were evaluated as characteristics of the sticking layer. 
     (Shear Stress at 10% Deformation) 
     As shown in  FIG.  7   , a double-sided adhesive tape (No. 5000S, by Nitto Denko Corporation) was affixed to one surface of the sticking layer (1 cm×1 cm) and then the sticking layer was held by a pair of stainless steel plates (SUS plates). Then, one stainless steel plate was pulled at a rate of 360 mm/min parallel to the other stainless steel plate, until the length of the sticking layer was deformed by 10% (i.e. 1.1 cm), and the shear stress when the adhesive layer was deformed by 10% in the length direction was measured. 
     (Evaluation of Moisture Permeability and Water Retention Rate) 
     The moisture permeability of the sticking layer was measured by the same method as the above-described method of the porous substrate  1 . The water retention rate of the sticking layer was calculated by using the following equation (2). 
       Water retention rate (%) of the sticking layer=((mass before leaving)−(mass after leaving))/((mass before leaving)×100)  (2)
 
     [Evaluation of Moisture Permeability of the Second Laminated Sheet] 
     The moisture permeability of the second laminated sheet was measured by the same method as the above-described method for measuring moisture permeability of the porous substrate  1 . 
     [Evaluation of Characteristics of Biological Sensor] 
     As characteristics of the biological sensor obtained as above, a shear stress when the biological sensor is deformed by 30% in the length direction (at 30% deformation of the biological sensor), stability of sticking, and a peel position were evaluated. 
     (Evaluation of Shear Stress at 30% Deformation) 
     As shown in  FIG.  8   , the biological sensor was regarded to be a laminated body including a cover member, a first laminated sheet, and a second laminated sheet, and a test piece was prepared from the laminated body having a width of 1 cm×a length of 4 cm. A test article was prepared by sticking an adhesion surface of the test piece onto a collagen membrane (Nippicasing #300, by Nippi Collagen Cosmetics, Ltd.) fixed to a stainless steel plate (SUS plate). Then, the test article was pulled at a range of 360 mm/min parallel to the stainless steel plate, until the length of the test article was deformed by 30%, and the shear stress when the test article was deformed by 30% in the length direction was measured. 
     (Evaluation of Stability of Sticking and Peeling Position) 
     The stability of sticking of the biological sensor was evaluated by sticking the biological sensors onto skins of a plurality of men and women for 24 hours, respectively, and observing an occurrence of peeling and a position of the peeling. When the biological sensor was not peeled off from the skins of the plurality of men or women, the stability of sticking was evaluated to be excellent (symbol “A” in TABLE 1). When the biological sensor was peeled off from the skin of the plurality of men or women a few times, the stability was evaluated to be good (symbol “B” in TABLE 1). When the biological sensor was peeled off from the skins of all men or women, the stability of sticking of the biological sensor was evaluated to be poor (symbol “C” in TABLE 1). In addition, it was investigated whether a peeling position is within a region between the central portion of the adhesive layer and the electrode in a plan view of the biological sensor (region A in  FIG.  9   ) or within a region in which the electrode is disposed in the plan view of the biological sensor (region B in  FIG.  9   ). 
     Example 2 
     In Example 2, evaluation was performed in the same manner as Example 1, except that the thickness of the porous substrate  1  was changed, and a shear force at 10% deformation of the porous substrate  1  was changed in Example 1. 
     Examples 3 to 6 
     In Examples 3 to 6, evaluation was performed in the same manner as Example 1, except that the thickness of the porous substrate  1  was changed, a shear force at 10% deformation of the porous substrate  1  was changed, and a type of the cover member was changed in Example 1. 
     Example 7 
     In Example 7, evaluation was performed in the same manner as Example 1, except that the thickness of the porous substrate  1  was changed, a type of the second adhesive layer of the first laminated sheet was changed to a long-term adhesive tape  2 , which will be described below, a shear force at deformation of the sticking layer was changed, and a type of the cover member was changed in Example 1. In addition, the long-term adhesive tape  2  was a double-sided adhesive tape, formed of the same adhesive agent as that of the long-term adhesive tape  1 . However, a corrugated pattern was not formed on the surface of the long-term adhesive tape  2 . 
     The second adhesive layer: a long-term adhesive tape  2  (by Nitto Denko Corporation) with thickness of 60 μm. 
     Example 8 
     In Example 8, evaluation was performed in the same manner as Example 1, except that the thickness of the porous substrate  1  was changed, and a type of a second adhesive agent of a sheet layer was changed to a long-term adhesive tape  3 , which will be described below, a shear force at deformation of the sticking layer was changed in Example 1. 
     The second adhesive agent: a long-term adhesive tape  3  (SLY-25 by Nitto Denko Corporation) with thickness of 25 μm. 
     Comparative Example 1 
     In Comparative example 1, evaluation was performed in the same manner as Example 1, except that the porous substrate  1  was not used. 
     Comparative Example 2 
     In Comparative example 2, evaluation was performed in the same manner as Example 1, except that the porous substrate  1  was changed to a porous substrate  2 , and a type of the first adhesive layer on the lower surface of the second laminated sheet was changed to a long-term adhesive tape  2 , which will be described below, and a shear force at deformation of the sticking layer was changed in Example 1. 
     Porous substrate  2 : Volara by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. with thickness of 1 mm 
     Second adhesive agent: a long-term adhesive tape  2  (SLY-25 by Nitto Denko Corporation) with thickness of 35 μm. 
     TABLE 1 shows types of cover members, configuration of the first laminated sheet, configuration of the second laminated sheet, and results of evaluation of the characteristics of the biological sensor in each of the Examples and Comparative examples. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 First laminated sheet 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Sticking layer 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Porous substrate 
                   
                 Shear force 
                   
                 Water 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Cover 
                   
                 Moisture 
                 First 
                 at 10% 
                 Moisture 
                 retention 
                 Second 
               
               
                   
                 member 
                 Type 
                 permeability 
                 adhesive 
                 deformation 
                 permeability 
                 rate 
                 adhesive 
               
               
                   
                 Type 
                 (thickness) 
                 [g/m 2  · day] 
                 layer 
                 [N/m 2 ] 
                 [g/m 2  · day] 
                 [%] 
                 layer 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 1 
                 Hardness 
                 Porous 
                 4067 
                 Long-term 
                 14.6 × 10 4   
                 3891 
                 17.0 
                 Silicone 
               
               
                   
                 40/PET 
                 substrate 1 
                   
                 adhesive 
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (0.5 mm) 
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                 Ex. 2 
                 Hardness 
                 Porous 
                 3659 
                 Long-term 
                 11.1 × 10 4   
                 1660 
                 7.6 
                 Silicone 
               
               
                   
                 40/PET 
                 substrate 1 
                   
                 adhesive 
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (1 mm) 
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                 Ex. 3 
                 Hardness 
                 Porous 
                 3659 
                 Long-term 
                 11.1 × 10 4   
                 1660 
                 7.6 
                 Silicone 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 substrate 1 
                   
                 adhesive 
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (1 mm) 
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                 Ex. 4 
                 Hardness 
                 Porous 
                 3659 
                 Long-term 
                 11.1 × 10 4   
                 1660 
                 7.6 
                 Silicone 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                 substrate 1 
                   
                 adhesive 
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (1 mm) 
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                 Ex. 5 
                 Hardness 
                 Porous 
                 3659 
                 Long-term 
                 11.1 × 10 4   
                 1660 
                 7.6 
                 Silicone 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 substrate 1 
                   
                 adhesive 
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (1 mm) 
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                 Ex. 6 
                 Hardness 
                 Porous 
                 3659 
                 Long-term 
                 11.1 × 10 4   
                 1660 
                 7.6 
                 Silicone 
               
               
                   
                 70 
                 substrate 1 
                   
                 adhesive 
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (1 mm) 
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                 Ex. 7 
                 Hardness 
                 Porous 
                 3659 
                 Long-term 
                 11.1 × 10 4   
                 863 
                 9.5 
                 Silicone 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 substrate 1 
                   
                 adhesive 
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (1 mm) 
                   
                 tape 2 
               
               
                 Ex. 8 
                 Hardness 
                 Porous 
                 3659 
                 Long-term 
                 11.1 × 10 4   
                 92.4 
                 10.6 
                 Silicone 
               
               
                   
                 40/PET 
                 substrate 1 
                   
                 adhesive 
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (1 mm) 
                   
                 tape 3 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                 Hardness 
                 — 
                 55 
                 Long-term 
                 64.0 × 10 4   
                 62 
                 1.9 
                 Silicone 
               
               
                 ex. 1 
                 40/PET 
                   
                   
                 adhesive 
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 3 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                 Hardness 
                 Porous 
                 76 
                 Long-term 
                 14.2 × 10 4   
                 53 
                 4.2 
                 Silicone 
               
               
                 ex. 2 
                 40/PET 
                 substrate 2 
                   
                 adhesive 
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (1 mm) 
                   
                 tape 2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Second laminated sheet 
                 Biological sensor 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Third 
                   
                 Shear force 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                 adhesive 
                 Moisture 
                 at 30% 
                 Stability of 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Substrate 
                 layer 
                 permeability 
                 deformation 
                 sticking 
                 Peeling 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 (thickness) 
                 (thickness) 
                 [g/m 2  · day] 
                 [N/m 2 ] 
                 women 
                 men 
                 position 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 1 
                 Substrate 1 
                 Adhesive 
                 21 
                 19.10 × 10 4   
                 C 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (38 μm) 
                 agent 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25 μm) 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 2 
                 Substrate 1 
                 Adhesive 
                 21 
                 13.02 × 10 4   
                 B 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (38 μm) 
                 agent 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25 μm) 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 3 
                 Substrate 1 
                 Adhesive 
                 21 
                  5.73 × 10 4   
                 B 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (38 μm) 
                 agent 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25 μm) 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 4 
                 Substrate 1 
                 Adhesive 
                 21 
                  6.97 × 10 4   
                 C 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (38 μm) 
                 agent 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25 μm) 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 5 
                 Substrate 1 
                 Adhesive 
                 21 
                  7.13 × 10 4   
                 C 
                 A 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (38 μm) 
                 agent 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25 μm) 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 6 
                 Substrate 1 
                 Adhesive 
                 21 
                  8.18 × 10 4   
                 C 
                 A 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (38 μm) 
                 agent 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25 μm) 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 7 
                 Substrate 1 
                 Adhesive 
                 21 
                  5.64 × 10 4   
                 B 
                 A 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (38 μm) 
                 agent 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25 μm) 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 8 
                 Substrate 1 
                 Adhesive 
                 21 
                 24.05 × 10 4   
                 C 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (38 μm) 
                 agent 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25 μm) 
               
               
                   
                 Comp. 
                 Substrate 1 
                 Adhesive 
                 21 
                 29.24 × 10 4   
                 C 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 ex. 1 
                 (38 μm) 
                 agent 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25 μm) 
               
               
                   
                 Comp. 
                 Substrate 1 
                 Adhesive 
                 21 
                 15.87 × 10 4   
                 C 
                 C 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 ex. 2 
                 (38 μm) 
                 agent 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25 μm) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in TABLE 1, in Examples 1 to 8, the shear stress was 15×10 4  N/m 2  or less when the sticking layer was deformed by 10%, and the moisture permeability of the sticking layer was within a range from 92.4 g/m 2 ·day to 3891 g/m 2 ·day. On the other hand, in Comparative examples 1 and 2, the moisture permeability of the sticking layer was 76 g/m 2 ·day or less. 
     Accordingly, different from the biological sensors in Comparative examples 1 and 2, the biological sensors in Examples 1 to 8 can flexibly respond to variations of the skin by setting the shear stress when the sticking layer is deformed by 10% to be 15×10 4  N/m 2  or less, and setting the moisture permeability of the sticking layer to be within a range from 92.4 g/m 2 ·day to 3891 g/m 2 ·day, thereby enabling water vapor generated from the skin to be discharged to the outside. Thus, peeling from the skin can be suppressed. Accordingly, since the biological sensor according to the embodiment of the present application can be stably affixed to the skin, it is possible to stably detect electrical signals obtained from the living body with high sensitivity. Therefore, the biological sensor can be effectively used for stably measuring the electrocardiogram for a long period of time (e.g. 24 hours) in close contact with the subject&#39;s skin. 
     As described above, the embodiments of the present application have been described. However, the embodiments have been illustrated as examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. The above-described embodiments may be implemented in various other forms. Thus, various combinations, omissions, substitutions, modifications, or the like may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The embodiments and variations thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the scope of the invention recited in claims and equivalents to the invention. 
     The present international application claims the priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-059650, filed Mar. 30, 2020, and the entire content of Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-059650 is incorporated herein by reference. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
           1  Biological sensor 
           2  Skin 
           10  Cover member 
           20  First laminated sheet (first laminated body) 
           21  Sticking layer 
           211  Porous substrate 
           212  First adhesive layer 
           22  Second adhesive layer 
           30  Electrode 
           31  Through hole 
           40  Second laminated sheet (second laminated body) 
           41  Second substrate 
           42  Third adhesive layer 
           43  Fourth adhesive layer 
           50  Sensor unit 
           51  Flexible substrates (resin substrates) 
           52  Sensor body 
           54  Battery