Patent Publication Number: US-2023158637-A1

Title: System and method for conducting an abrasive operation

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The following is directed to a system and method for conducting an abrasive operation, and particularly, to an abrasive operation including separating a first part from a second part using a fixed abrasive article, wherein the first part comprises an additive manufactured component. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Additive manufacturing processes often involve formation of a body through an additive process, as opposed to a subtractive process. For example, in some situations, a desired body is built from a surface of a build plate. After the forming of the three-dimensional body, the body needs to be removed from the build plate for further processing, and the build plate has to be resurfaced and prepared for the next build cycle. There exists a need for improving the finishing of parts formed through additive manufacturing. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present disclosure may be better understood, and its numerous features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG.  1    includes a schematic view of a system according to one embodiment. 
         FIG.  2    includes a schematic view of a system according to one embodiment. 
         FIG.  3    includes a schematic including elements of the system and the interaction of the elements according to one embodiment. 
         FIG.  4    includes a magazine according to one embodiment. 
         FIGS.  5 A- 5 E  include illustrations of systems for conducting finishing processes according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG.  6    includes an arrangement of a machine learning system according to an embodiment. 
         FIGS.  7 A- 7 E  include illustrations of features of a joint region according to embodiments herein. 
         FIG.  8 A  includes an illustration of a portion of a first part formed via additive manufacturing according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  8 B  includes an illustration of a portion of a first part formed via additive manufacturing during a material removal operation according to an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The following description in combination with the figures is provided to assist in understanding the teachings provided herein. The following disclosure will focus on specific implementations and embodiments of the teachings. This focus is provided to assist in describing the teachings and should not be interpreted as a limitation on the scope or applicability of the teachings. However, other teachings can certainly be used in this application. 
     As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of features is not necessarily limited only to those features but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent to such method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive-or and not to an exclusive-or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present). 
     Also, the use of “a” or “an” is employed to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural, or vice versa, unless it is clear that it is meant otherwise. For example, when a single item is described herein, more than one item may be used in place of a single item. Similarly, where more than one item is described herein, a single item may be substituted for that more than one item. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. To the extent that certain details regarding specific materials and processing acts are not described, such details may include conventional approaches, which may be found in reference books and other sources within the manufacturing arts. 
     Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to a system and a method for conducting one or more material removal operations, including but not limited to, sectioning, grinding, surface-modification (e.g., grinding and/or polishing), and the like. The material removal operation may take many different forms, but may include finishing a portion of at least one additive manufactured component, such as separating a first part from a second part using an abrasive article, notably an abrasive article. As will be described in more detail herein, the abrasive article may be a fixed abrasive article, such as a bonded abrasive or coated abrasive, wherein one or more layers of abrasives are bonded to each other or a substrate via one or more bonding materials. 
     As used herein, the term “first part” includes a part made by additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing can include processes which do not necessarily include a production tool or mold to form a body. Some non-limiting examples of additive manufacturing processes include powder bed fusion and selective material deposition techniques. For example, some particular processes may include binder jetting, selected laser sintering, selected laser melting, electron beam melting, directed energy deposition, laser metal deposition, direct metal deposition and the like. In one non-limiting embodiment, additive manufacturing may include any techniques described in accordance with ASTM F2792. In one non-limiting embodiment, the first part may include an additive manufactured component and a non-additive manufactured component. In another non-limiting embodiment, the first part consists only of an additive manufactured part. 
     The term “second part” may include a non-additive manufactured part or additive manufactured part. It does not necessarily need to include only a non-additive manufactured part. In fact, in a least one embodiment, at least a portion of the second part may be formed via additive manufacturing. In one non-limiting embodiment, the second part can include a build plate. For example, the second part may consist only of a build plate from which one or more additive manufactured parts can be formed. 
     Referring to the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  1   , the system  100  can include a housing  101  including a building assembly  103  and a finishing assembly  107  that are integrated into the same housing  101 . The building assembly  103  can include components suitable for forming three-dimensional bodies according to one or more additive manufacturing processes. These components are not illustrated for simplicity sake. 
     The housing  101 , and particularly, the building assembly  103 , may be used to form one or more parts via additive manufacturing. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  1   , system  100  can include one or more first parts  121 , one or more second parts  122 , and one or more joint regions  123  between the one or more first and second parts  121  and  122 . 
     According to one embodiment, the first part  121  may include any material suitable for use via additive manufacturing. For example, the first part may include an organic or inorganic material. In at least one embodiment, the first part  121  may include a metal or metal alloy, including for example, but not limited to a metal or metal alloy including a transition metal element. Some suitable, non-limiting examples of a metal or metal alloy can include titanium, nickel, nickel, cobalt, chromium, iron, or any combination thereof. 
     In another embodiment, the second part  122  may include any of the materials of the first part  121 . In still another embodiment, the one or more joint regions  123  can include any of the materials of the first part. In one particular embodiment, the first part  121  and the joint region  123  may consist essentially of the same material. As described in embodiments herein, the joint region  123  may include one or more markings, features, or identifying structures, that may include alternative materials to those materials used in the first part  121  or the rest of the body used to form the joint region  123 . 
     In one non-limiting embodiment, the one or more joint regions  123  can be formed by additive manufacturing and can connect the one or more first parts  121  to the one or more second parts  122 . In a more particular embodiment, the second part  122  can be a build plate on which the one or more joint regions  123  and one or more first parts  121  may be formed via additive manufacturing. 
     While not illustrated in  FIG.  1   , it will be appreciated that the housing  101  can include at least on computing device for controlling aspects of the additive manufacturing process and/or the finishing process. In certain instances, the housing  101  can include a computing device for the building assembly  103  and a separate computing device for the finishing assembly  107  that is capable of communicating with the computing device for the building assembly  103 . 
     The additive manufacturing housing can include one or more end effectors  105  and  111 . Each end effector may be configured to assist with the movement and/or orientation of the first part  121 , second part  122 , joint region  123 , and/or tools (e.g., an abrasive article) associated with the building and/or finishing operations. For example, the end effectors  105  and  111  may be robotic components. In one non-limiting embodiment, the build assembly  103  can have the end effector  105  and the finishing assembly can include the end effector  111 . Each end effector  105  and  111  may be dedicated to only those processes within their respective assemblies. Alternatively, each of the end effectors  105  and  111  can work cooperatively in one or both of the assemblies  103  and  107 . In one embodiment, each of the end effectors  105  and  111  can be controlled by one or more controllers that may be incorporated into one or more computing devices. 
     In one aspect, the system can include a manipulator  115 . The manipulator  115  can be the same or different from the one or more end effectors  105  and  111 . The manipulator  115  can be specifically configured to engage at least one of the first part  121  or the second part  122  during separation of the first part  121  from the second part  122 . In a particular aspect, the manipulator  115  can be configured to change the position of at least one of the first part  121  or the second part  122  based on instructions received from one or more computing devices. In another non-limiting embodiment, the manipulator  115  can be configured to support the first part  121  during a separation process to avoid the first part  121  falling or becoming damaged. In one alternative aspect, the manipulator  115  and the end effector  111  can be communicatively coupled and work cooperatively according to the separation model to facilitate the finishing process. 
     According to one embodiment, the process of using the system  100  may include first, optionally, providing a second body  122 . In one non-limiting embodiment, the second body can include a build plate, which is a substrate from which certain additive manufacturing processes form the three-dimensional bodies. In one optional embodiment, a second body  122 , such as a build plate, may be placed in the building assembly. In some, but not all instances, the surface of the build plate may have certain characteristics to facilitate formation of a three-dimensional body via additive manufacturing thereon. In an embodiment, the size of the second body  122  may depend upon data related to the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, the ability of the finishing system to rotate the build plate, environmental data, sensor data, performance data, or any combination thereof. 
     In other additive manufacturing processes, a second body may not necessarily be needed to facilitate the formation of the three-dimensional body via additive manufacturing. Still, some finishing of the finally-formed three-dimensional body may be completed by the finishing assembly  107 . 
     After providing the second body  122 , the joint region  123  can be formed. The size and shape of the joint region may vary depending upon the composition of the first body  121 , size of the first body  121 , shape of the first body, relative orientation of the first body  121  to the second body  122 , and the like. The size and shape of the joint region  123  may further vary depending upon the size of the second body may depend upon data related to the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, the ability of the finishing system to rotate the build plate, environmental data, sensor data, performance data, or any combination thereof. 
     After forming the joint region  123 , the first body  121  is formed. At least a portion of the first body can be formed by the same or different additive manufacturing process used to form the joint region  123 . In at least one embodiment, the joint region  123  and first body  121  are formed by the same additive manufacturing process, and may be considered a monolithic body joined to the second body  122 . The size and shape of first body  121  may further vary depending upon the size of the second body may depend upon data related to the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, the ability of the finishing system to rotate the build plate environmental data, sensor data, performance data, or any combination thereof. 
     In one particular embodiment, the formation of the first via additive manufacturing can include real-time measurement of the additive manufacturing process by one or more sensors, including for example, but not limited to a force sensor, optical sensor, or any combination thereof. The sensors can send sensor data to one or more computing devices. Thus, the separating process can include the creation of progress data, which may be sent to one or more computing devices, which can compare the progress data to other data or the model. Depending upon the comparison, the computing device may change one or more process parameters to adapt the separation process based on the progress data. 
     After forming the first part  121 , the process can continue by finishing at least a portion of the first body  121 , second body  122  and/or joint regions  123 . Finishing can be conducted by one or more fixed abrasive articles, which are described in the embodiments herein. 
     In certain instances, the finishing assembly  107  may include a magazine  109  configured to include plurality of different types of tools. The tools may include various types of finishing tools, including for example, but not limited to, blades, wires, surface etchants, end mills, various fixed abrasive products (mounted points, non-woven abrasives, single-layered abrasives), and the like. In at least one embodiment, the magazine  109  may include only a plurality of fixed abrasive products, which may include a variety of different types of abrasive products. In one non-limiting embodiment, the magazine  109  may include a plurality of different types of abrasive articles, which is described in the embodiments herein. In one non-limiting embodiment, one or more of the end effectors (e.g., end effector  111 ) selects from the magazine  109 , the fixed abrasive article suitable for conducting the material removal from the at least one joint region  123 . 
     As will be appreciated, for those embodiments where a build plate and joint regions are not formed, one or more material removal operations may be conducted on the three-dimensional body formed via additive manufacturing by one or more fixed abrasive articles. In at least one embodiment, one or more surface finishing operations may be conducted on the first part  121  formed via additive manufacturing using a fixed abrasive, wherein the finishing operation is conducted in a deterministic process, which may be based on one or more models. 
     In a further aspect, the finishing housing or the building assembly can contain one or more sensors  113 . The one or more sensors  113  may be used to control one or more aspects of the finishing process or additive manufacturing process. The one or more sensors  113  may be configured to send sensor data to one or more computing devices associated with the finishing assembly  107  and any components thereof, (e.g., end effector  111 ), the building assembly and any components thereof (e.g., end  105 ), a user, other computing device via wired or wireless communication protocols or any combination thereof. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a system  200  according to another embodiment. As illustrated, in certain non-limiting embodiments, the additive manufacturing housing  201  and finishing housing  203  can be separate housings, such that the components are not integrated into a single unit, as illustrated in the embodiment of  FIG.  1   . The system  200 , may optionally include at least one transfer mechanism  205  configured to transfer at least a portion of the additive manufactured product from the additive manufacturing housing  201  to the finishing housing  203 . The transfer mechanism  205  may include a conveyance system. One or more end effectors (e.g.,  105  and/or  111 ) can work with the transfer mechanism  205  to support automated movement of the additive manufactured component between the additive manufacturing housing  201  and the finishing housing  203 . The additive manufacturing housing  201  can include some or all of the components noted in other embodiments herein. The finishing housing  203  can include one or more components noted in other embodiments herein. 
     While not illustrated in  FIG.  2   , the system  200  can include at least one computing device for controlling aspects of the additive manufacturing process, transfer process, and/or the finishing process. In certain instances, the additive manufacturing housing  201  can include a computing device configured to control operations of the additive manufacturing process and optionally the transfer process including movement of the additive manufactured component from the housing  201  to the housing  203 . In another embodiment, the finishing housing  203  may include at least one computing device configured to control the operations of the finishing operations and optionally the transfer process. 
       FIG.  3    includes a schematic including elements of the system and the interaction of the elements according to one embodiment. In the non-limiting embodiment of  FIG.  3   , the system  300  can include a computing device  301  associated with the additive manufacturing system and a computing device  303  associated with the finishing system. As noted here, in other embodiments, the system  300  may optionally use a single computing system for both the additive manufacturing system and the finishing system. The computing devices  301  and  303  can be configured to send and receive information (i.e., communicatively coupled) with remote data  311 . Remote data  311  can include data that is not physically located at the same place as the system  300 , which may include for example, data stored in a remote location, which may be accessed through wired or wireless communication protocols. In one particular embodiment, the remote data  311  can represent cloud storage data. 
     The one or more computing devices  301  and  303  can be communicatively coupled with one or more components of the additive manufacturing system and/or finishing system, including for example, one or more sensors ( 305 ), one or more end effectors ( 307 ), and one or more manipulators ( 309 ). 
     The one or more computing devices  301  and  303  can include hardware or software. Some non-limiting examples of hardware can include a memory, a processor, input/output devices, a display, a keyboard, transmitters, receivers, and antennas, or any combination thereof. 
     Any of the computing devices of the embodiments herein may include a machine learning platform, which may use one or more sources of data (e.g., sensor data, part data, historical data, customer data, environmental data, data related to the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, performance data, or any combination thereof) to create a trained platform that can create a model for conducting the finishing process or additive manufacturing process and/or provide real-time adaptations to the finishing process or additive manufacturing process. In one non-limiting embodiment, the machine learning platform may utilize one or more algorithms capable of reviewing historical data, comparing the historical data to the present conditions of the object for finishing and creating one or more models for conducting the finishing process or additive manufacturing process and/or provide real-time adaptations to the finishing process or additive manufacturing process. In at least one embodiment, the machine learning platform can be a predictive tool, which can compute certain criteria (e.g., time to completion, etc.) that may be helpful to a user. Additionally, in another embodiment, the machine learning platform may provide a plurality of models to a user, which may include a preferred or suggested model. In still another embodiment, the machine learning platform may have autonomous capabilities to conduct one or more finishing operations according to preferred conditions unless specified otherwise by a user. 
     The one or more computing devices  301  and  303  can further include software or firmware. In one embodiment, the software or firmware can be configured to generate one or more deterministic processes based on at least one of part data, historical data, data related to the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, environmental data, sensor data, performance data, or any combination thereof. 
     In one aspect, the one or more deterministic processes can include one or more models. In certain instance, the one or more models can be sent to a display or other interface and presented in a user-readable medium. In another aspect, the one or more deterministic processes can include one or more models, wherein the one or more models may be configured to be sent as machine-readable medium to a controller of the one or more end effectors. 
     In a particular aspect, the computing device can include a processor configured to store or receive at least one of part data, historical data, data related to the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, environmental data, sensor data, performance data, deterministic process data, or any combination thereof. 
       FIG.  4    includes an illustration of a magazine  109  according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the magazine  109  can include a plurality of abrasive articles  401 . One or more of the abrasive articles of the plurality of abrasive articles  401  can differ from each other based on at least one product characteristic selected from the group consisting of thickness of the body, diameter of the body, shape of the body, type of abrasive, size of abrasive, content of abrasive, core material, buckling factor, bond material, content of bond material, porosity content, pore size distribution, construction of the abrasive section relative to the core, shape of the peripheral edge of the body (e.g., peripheral edge angle), or any combination thereof. In one particular embodiment, at least two of the abrasive articles of the plurality of abrasive articles have at least one product characteristic that is different compared to each other. In another aspect, the magazine  109  may include a plurality of the same type of fixed abrasive articles. 
     In one embodiment, the plurality of abrasive articles  401  may be positioned in holders  407 . The holders  407  may be sized and shaped to hold one or more of the plurality of abrasive articles  401  to facilitate engagement with the end effector  111 . For example, in one embodiment, at least one abrasive article is contained in the holder  407  such that the end effector can engage and operably couple to the abrasive article while it is fixed in a position in the holder  407 . According to one embodiment, the fixed abrasive article  401  can be contained in the holder  407  of the magazine  109  in a manner configured to limit rotational motion of the fixed abrasive article  401  while an end effector  111  engages the fixed abrasive article via a threaded connection. After suitable coupling the end effector  111  with the fixed abrasive article  401 , it can be moved in a particular manner, which may include movement in a single axis or multiple axes simultaneously in a release motion to release the abrasive article from the holder  407 . According to a non-limiting embodiment, each holder  407  may be sized and shaped to hold only one particular type of abrasive article of the plurality of abrasive articles  401 . 
     In another aspect, one or more of the abrasive articles can include one or more unique indicia (herein “indicia” can refer to a singular marking such as an indicium or a plurality of markings)  403 . In one non-limiting embodiment, each of the abrasive articles can include a unique indicia providing information related to at least one product characteristic of the abrasive article. Suitable examples of product characteristics can include thickness of the body, diameter of the body, shape of the body, type of abrasive, size of abrasive, content of abrasive, core material, buckling factor, bond material, content of bond material, porosity content, pore size distribution, construction of the abrasive section relative to the core, shape of the peripheral edge of the body (e.g., peripheral edge angle), or any combination thereof. 
     In at least one embodiment, the unique indicia  403  may be placed on the abrasive articles to facilitate detection of wear or other status changes. For example, portions of the indicia may be worn away, allowing one or more sensors to detect the change in the indicia over time. One or more computing devices may be sent data on the change in the unique indicia  403  and assign a wear status to the abrasive article  401 . The computing device may take wear status data into account when creating the deterministic process and may also facilitate replacement or repair of the abrasive article  401 . 
     According to one embodiment, the magazine  109  may further include position indicia  409  associated with one or more positions in the magazine  109 , which may also be associated with one or more holders  407 . In one embodiment, the position indicia  409  may be associated with the unique indicia  403  of one or more abrasive articles  401 . In one particular embodiment, each position indicia  409  may be the same as one unique indicia associated with an abrasive article  401 . The position indicia  409  may provide a marking system to facilitate the proper placement of the abrasive articles  401  within their corresponding holders  407 . 
     Suitable examples of unique indicia can include a marking, a number, a letter combination, a barcode, a matrix barcode, a color, a pattern, an etching or surface variation feature, and electronic device, or a combination thereof. 
     In another aspect, one or more abrasive articles  401  can include an electronic device, which may include information for use as unique indicia for each given abrasive article  401 . In a particular aspect, the electronic device can include a wireless communication device including a logic element and an antenna. In one non-limiting embodiment, the electronic device can include at least one of a passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, an active radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, a sensor, a passive near-field communication device (passive NFC), an active near-field communication device (active NFC), an integrated circuit, a memory, a processor, or any combination thereof. 
     In a certain embodiment, the unique indicia can be in the form of a machine-readable medium. In one particular embodiment, the system may further comprise at least one sensor configured to read the machine-readable medium and configured to send the unique indicia to a computing device to confirm the type of abrasive article  401  engaged with the end effector  111 . In one embodiment, the sensor can be an optical sensor. 
     In one embodiment, one or more sensors can be contained in the one or more end effectors  105  and  111 . Non-limiting examples of the one or more sensors can be a thermal sensor, a force sensor, a proximity sensor, a vibration sensor, an acoustic sensor, a power sensor, an accelerometer, or any combination thereof. It will be appreciated that the end effector can be controlled based upon force-control or position control systems as known to those of skill in the art. In one embodiment, the end effector  105  and/or  111  can include at least one force sensor communicatively coupled to one or more controllers. In one non-limiting embodiment, the end effector  105  and/or  111  can include two or more force sensors, wherein each of the force sensors are measuring forces for different operations (e.g., a force sensor for a separation process and a force sensor for a surface finishing operation), which may be particularly suitable for operations conducting multiple types of material removal operations simultaneously, which are described in the embodiments herein. 
     In one aspect, the end effector  105  and/or  111  can include a force sensor can have at least one degree of freedom, such as at least two degrees of freedom, at least three degrees of freedom, at least four degrees of freedom, at least five degrees of freedom or even at least six degrees of freedom. Any one of the sensors in the end effectors  105  and/or  111  or any other sensors in the systems of the embodiments herein can send sensor data to one or more computing devices, which may be configured to receive the sensor data, compare the sensor data to a finishing model and/or a processor configured to control the deterministic process. In non-limiting embodiments, the processor can send control signals to the end effector to control the finishing process, including for example, but not limited to the movement and/or orientation of the first part  121 , second part  122 , joint region  123 , and/or fixed abrasive article  401 . 
     The present disclosure is further directed to one or more methods for conducting material removal operations for parts created through an additive manufacturing process. In one aspect, the method can include providing a fixed abrasive article and separating a first part from a second part using a fixed abrasive article, wherein the fixed abrasive article can be operated according to a deterministic process. 
     In one embodiment, providing the fixed abrasive article can include selecting a fixed abrasive article  401  from the magazine  109 . In another embodiment, providing the fixed abrasive article  401  can include selecting a fixed abrasive article  401  via an end effector (e.g., end effector  111 ) and having the end effector  111  operatively coupled to the fixed abrasive article  401  such that it can be used in a material removal operation. Prior to selecting a fixed abrasive article  401 , the computing device may receive one or more signals regarding a wear status of the fixed abrasive article  401 . The wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles  401  in the magazine  109  may determine which fixed abrasive articles are selected for use during the material removal operation. Further, the size of a second part  122  such as a build plate, the size, position and number of joint regions  123  on the second, and the size position and number of first parts may determine which abrasive articles are selected for use during the material removal operation. For example, large build plates with joint regions  123  and first parts  121  located a distance from the edge of the build plate may require larger abrasives to the reach joint regions  123  and first parts  121 . Further, the ability of the finishing system to rotate a second part  122  such as a build plate during the finishing process may determine which fixed abrasive articles are selected for use during the material removal operation. In another non-limiting embodiment, selecting a fixed abrasive article  401  can include confirming the type of abrasive article selected and/or operatively coupled to the end effector  111  by reading a unique indicia  403  associated with the fixed abrasive article  401 . 
     After providing the fixed abrasive article, the process may further include separating the first part  121  from the second part  122  at the joint region  123 . As noted in other embodiments herein, other additive manufacturing processes may not necessarily create a joint region  123  and may simply require finishing or refurbishing of one or more surface portions, for which the present system and process may still be used. The deterministic process can include a finishing model configured to control the material removal operation. In one embodiment, the model may control one or more aspects of the material removal operation, including for example, but not limited to, selection of the type of abrasive article, movement of the abrasive article  401 , movement of the first part  121 , second part  122 , and/or joint region  123  relative to the abrasive article  401 , material removal parameters (e.g., G-ratio, average normalized kerf, material removal rate, specific grinding energy, infeed rate, rpms of the abrasive article  401 , spindle motor power, etc.). In at least one embodiment, the finishing model can be created based upon at least one of part data, historical data, data related to the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, environmental data, sensor data, performance data, or any combination thereof. As noted herein, one or more finishing models may be generated by the computing device, and the one or more finishing models can be presented to a user via at least one user interface for selection of the most suitable model by the user. Additionally, in one alternative embodiment, the model can be updated in real-time by sensor data, environmental data, wear status data, and/or performance data, such that the material removal process is adapted in real-time. 
     In one particular embodiment, the separating process can include real-time measurement of the separating process by one or more sensors, including for example, but not limited to a force sensor, optical sensor, or any combination thereof. The sensors can send sensor data to one or more computing devices. Thus, the separating process can include the creation of progress data, which may be sent to one or more computing devices, which can compare the progress data to other data or the model. Depending upon the comparison, the computing device may change one or more process parameters to adapt the separation process based on the progress data. One or more process parameters may include, but it not limited to, at least one of orientation of the first part  121  relative to the second part  122 , the position of one or more end effectors ( 105  or  111 ) engaged with the first part  121  and/or the second part  122 , the position of a manipulator in contact with the first part  121  and/or second part  122 , or a combination thereof. In one particular embodiment, the progress data can be used to control the release of the first part  121  from the second part  122 . 
     According to one embodiment, the process for separating can first include receiving part data. At least one computing device associated with the finishing operations can receive part data related to the first part  121 , second portion  123 , and/or joint region. Non-limiting examples of part data can include information related to an orientation of the first part relative to the joint region and/or the second part, a size of the first part, a shape of the first part, a composition of the first part, an orientation of the second part relative to the first part and/or joint region, a size of the second part, a shape of the second part, a composition of the second part, an orientation of at least one joint region between the first part and second part, a size (e.g., width and/or height) of at least one joint region between the first part and second part, a shape of at least one joint region between the first part and the second part, a composition of at least one joint region between the first part and the second part, markings or surface features of the joint region, or any combination thereof. In one aspect, the part data can be used to create the deterministic process, including the finishing model used to control the material removal operations and finish the first part to the desired tolerances. It will also be appreciated that historical data may be used and compared to the part data to create the finishing model. In still another embodiment, a machine learning platform that is part of the one or more computing devices may use the part data to create one or more finishing models. The machine learning platform may also measure and compare the finishing operation of the first part to historical data, which may include historical part data for similar or the same parts, and alter the model and/or adapt the model in real-time to improve the finishing operation. 
     In another embodiment, the deterministic process includes a finishing model configured to control a path of motion of at least one of the first part  121  or the second part  122  relative to one or more fixed abrasive articles  401 . For example, in one embodiment, the deterministic process includes moving the fixed abrasive article  401  relative to a stationary position of at least one of the first part  121  or the second part  122 . It will be appreciated that more than one fixed abrasive article  401  can be used simultaneously for removing material from the first part  121 , second part  122  and/or joint regions  123 . In still another embodiment, the deterministic process includes moving at least one of the first part  121  and/or second part  122  relative to a stationary position of the fixed abrasive article  401 . In certain optional embodiments, moving at least one of the first part  121  and/or second part  122  may include engaging at least one of the first part  121  and/or second part  122  with an end effector  105  and/or  111  configured to manipulate the first part  121  and/or second part  122  relative to the fixed abrasive article  401 . In still another embodiment, the deterministic process may include independently moving the first part  121  and/or second part  122  while simultaneously and independently moving the fixed abrasive article  401 . 
     According to one embodiment, the additive manufacturing process can include receiving data from the finishing system. At least one computing device associated with the additive manufacturing system can receive historical data, data related to the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, environmental data, sensor data, performance data, or any combination thereof. In one aspect, the data received can be used to determine aspects of the additive manufacturing process such as an orientation of the first part relative to the joint region and/or the second part, a size of the first part, a shape of the first part, a composition of the first part, an orientation of the second part relative to the first part and/or joint region, a size of the second part, a shape of the second part, a composition of the second part, an orientation of at least one joint region between the first part and second part, a size (e.g., width and/or height) of at least one joint region between the first part and second part, a shape of at least one joint region between the first part and the second part, a composition of at least one joint region between the first part and the second part, markings or surface features of the joint region, or any combination thereof. For example, the additive manufacturing process may require a smaller build plate, or require the joint regions and first parts placed closer to the edge of the build plate if only small abrasives are available. Further, the size of joint regions can be minimized depending on the size of abrasives available so as to reduce material waste. Ideally, the process that results in the desired parts with the minimal amount of material wasted due to large joint regions, build plates, or kerf loss while maintaining the desired quality will be selected. It will also be appreciated that historical data may be used and compared to the abrasive wear status and availability data to determine aspects of the additive manufacturing process. In still another embodiment, a machine learning platform that is part of the one or more computing devices may use the part data to create one or more finishing models. The machine learning platform may also measure and compare the finishing operation of the first part to historical data, which may include historical part data for similar or the same parts, and alter the model and/or adapt the model in real-time to improve the finishing operation. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates arrangement  600  of machine learning platform  610 , according to an example embodiment. As shown in  FIG.  6   , machine learning platform  610  may be communicatively coupled to enterprise  620 , outside vendors  630 , and 3 rd  party users  640 . Machine learning platform  610  may include, for example, machine learning system  612 , database devices  614 , server devices  616 , and analytics platform  618 . Machine learning platform  610  may utilize machine learning to process and/or analyze the sensor data collected by the enterprise  620 . Machine learning platform  610  may store the received sensor data and then analyze the data to provide information related to the finishing system  622 , additive manufacturing process  624 , abrasive-specific information associated with the fixed abrasive articles of the finishing system  622 , workpiece-specific information associated with the bodies produced by the additive manufacturing process  624  and finishing system  622 , the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, environmental data, sensor data, performance data, or any combination thereof. As used herein, product-specific information may refer to any information related to elements of an abrasive product/device or elements of any abrasive operations/processes performed by the finishing system. For example, machine learning platform  610  may determine best operational practices for enterprise  620 , such as ideal build conditions and specifications for the additive manufacturing process  624  or abrasive production selection and operation for the finishing system  622 . In another example, the machine learning platform  610  may determine different value metrics (e.g., productivity, product life, etc.) for different fixed abrasive articles or additive manufacturing products. 
     Machine learning system  612  may include one or more machine learning models configured to receive sensor data from enterprise  620 . For example, sensor data may be related to the additive manufacturing process, the finishing system, a particular workpiece, a particular fixed abrasive article, or a particular grinding condition from enterprise  620 . In response to receiving the sensor data, machine learning system  612  may train the one or more machine learning models to predict abrasive-specific information and/or workpiece specific information related to the received sensor data. After one or more machine learning models have been trained, the machine learning system  612  may be applied at run-time to predict or infer a prediction condition based on the real-time data received from enterprise  620 . As described herein, the predicted condition could trigger, prompt, or initiate various events such as a notification, a report, an order, or another type of action. 
     Database devices  614  may include one or more computing devices configured to store data into one or more databases. For example, database devices may include one or more relational databases (e.g., SQL), graph databases (e.g., neo4j), document databases (e.g., MongoDB), column databases (e.g., Cassandra), and/or other database models. Database devices  614  may act as data storage for components of machine learning platform  610 . An as example, database devices  614  may be configured to receive and store sensor data from enterprise  620  and provide the sensor data to machine learning system  612  for training one or more machine learning models. In some examples, database devices  614  may be configured to act as the primary data source for analytics platform  618 . In other examples, database devices  614  may be configured to store one or more trained models (e.g., learned parameters). 
     Server devices  616  may include one or more web servers, file servers, and/or computational servers. Server devices may facilitate communication between machine learning platform  610  and enterprise  620 , outside vendors  630 , and 3 rd  party users  640 . Communication may be facilitated by known web communication protocols, such as TCP/IP. In some embodiments, server devices  616  may be utilized by machine learning system  612  or analytics platform  618  for computational tasks. For example, devices in server devices  616  may be part of a MapReduce cluster that is used as part of a distributed training architecture for machine learning system  612 . 
     Analytics platform  618  may include a web application configured to utilize information collected from machine learning system  612  and database devices  616 . After processing the collected information, analytics platform  618  could generate various predicted future conditions for enterprise  620  as well as various prescriptive actions for enterprise  620 . As used herein, a predicted future condition refers to an estimate about a future event that could occur at enterprise  620 . Examples of future events may include a predicted failure of an abrasive article/workpiece, a prediction of potential damage to an abrasive article/workpiece, or a prediction that the quality of a workpiece does not meet a predetermined quality level, among other possibilities. Further, as used herein, a prescriptive action refers a recommendation of a best course of action given a current state and/or current situation of an abrasive article and/or given a current state and/or current situation of enterprise  620 . Examples of prescriptive actions may include a command to cease use of an abrasive article if the abrasive article is displaying aberrant behavior, a command to adapt the speed rate of an abrasive wheel, a notification to change an abrasive article of an abrasive product, or a notification to dress a damaged abrasive product, among other possibilities. 
     In some embodiments, analytics platform  618  includes a simulation environment programmed with digital versions (e.g., “digital twins”) of the additive manufacturing system  624  and finishing system  622  of enterprise  620 . The simulation environment could use these digital versions to estimate productivity, costs, and/or injuries resulting from adding/reconfiguring/removing different digital abrasive products from the stimulation environment. In some embodiments, analytics platform  618  is configured to graphically display metrics associated with the additive manufacturing system  624  and finishing system  622 . More details on analytics platform  618  are provided below. 
     Notably, the configuration of machine learning platform  610  is provided as an example. In some cases, machine learning platform  610  may include one or more additional devices. For example, machine learning platform  610  may include a firewall to allow access from authorized users, deny access from unauthorized users, provide intrusion detection, facilitate virus scanning, and/or provide other network security services. As another example, machine learning platform  610  may include one or more load balancers to distribute incoming network traffic or requests across multiple computing devices within machine learning platform  610  (e.g., such that no single devices is overwhelmed with task requests). In other examples, machine learning platform  610  may include one or more routers, virtual machines, proxy servers, and/or other common network devices. Machine learning platform  610  may also be connected to one more client devices (e.g., personal computers or mobile phones). In some examples, machine learning platform  610  may offer virtual private network (VPN) services. 
     Additionally and/or alternatively, components of machine learning platform  610  may be replicated across multiple computing devices to provide data duplication and increase capacity of services. These computing devices may be located at different physical locations to ensure high availability in case of failure at one location. As such, machine learning platform  610  may be configured across different physical locations and hundreds of computing devices. 
     Enterprise  620  may include, for example, one or more additive manufacturing systems  624  and finishing systems  622 , server devices  626 , and remote devices  628 . Enterprise  620  may represent a single geographic location containing multiple abrasive machines or may represent multiple abrasive machines located across several geographic locations. Moreover, enterprise  620  may represent a single enterprise of a plurality of enterprises that utilize products manufactured or maintained by the entity operating machine learning platform  610 . As such, machine learning platform  610  may act as a remote customer support system for these products. 
     Finishing systems  622  may include finishing systems or assemblies described elsewhere in this application such as finishing systems designed to finish parts produced by additive manufacturing. As described above, finishing systems  622  may be manufactured or maintained by the entity operating machine learning platform  610 . Finishing systems  622  may contain one or more sensors that collect abrasion operational data associated with grinding operations or the involving the workpiece being grinded on. For example, the one or more sensors may transmit the collected abrasion operational data, via Bluetooth, TCP/IP or other networking protocols, to server devices  626 . In another example, the one or more sensors may transmit the collected abrasion operational data to machine learning platform  610 . 
     Additive manufacturing systems  624  may include one or more devices or systems that manufacture the parts or bodies made by additive manufacturing described elsewhere in this application. 
     Server devices  626  may include one or more computing devices located on enterprise  620 . Server devices may be configured to receive and aggregate sensor data from abrasive products  622  and wearable devices  624 . Server devices  626  may be operated by machine learning platform  610  or by enterprise  620 . Upon receiving sensor data, server devices  626  may apply data filters to the sensor data, such as removing outlier sensor data and/or ignoring sensor data from one or more wearable devices  624  or abrasive products  622 . In some examples, server devices  626  may be configured to convert sensor data into a different data format more suitable for machine learning platform  610 , for example into JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). As another example, server devices  626  may allow a human operator to tag sensor data with labels, as further described herein. Server devices  626  may receive product-specific information and/or workpiece-specific information from machine learning platform  610  and distribute this information to remote devices  628 , abrasive products  622 , wearable devices  624 , or may store this data for later access by members of enterprise  620 . 
     In some embodiments, server devices  626  may provide sensor data to machine learning platform  610  by grouping data in batches. Batches may be transmitted periodically, for example, every 10 minutes or 30 minutes. In other examples, server devices  626  may send sensor data machine learning platform  610  in a real time, streaming format. In some embodiments, server devices  626  may be configured to monitor the sensors disposed in abrasive products  622  and wearable devices  624 . For example, server devices  626  may send heartbeat messages to the sensors, which in turn may be configured to respond with a response heartbeat message. This may ensure that sensors are operable and have not stopped sending data to server devices  626 , for example, because of malfunction or loss of power. 
     Remote devices  628  may include interfaces located on one or more computing devices in enterprise  620 . For example, remote devices  628  may include on wearable devices (e.g., smart watches), mobile devices (e.g., mobile phones or tablets), and/or monitors (e.g., computer screens). Remote devices  628  may receive data from server devices  626  or machine learning platform  610  and display output data on a graphical user interface (GUI) or emit an alarm, an alert, a notification, a report, an order, and/or another type of action. 
     Outside vendors  630  may represent one or more computing systems managed by partners of the entity operating machine learning platform  610 . In example embodiments, machine learning platform  610  may transmit to outside vendors  630  new order requests, delivery requests, and/or other logistics requests based on predictions made by machine learning system  612 . These requests may be made automatically by machine learning platform  610  on the behalf of enterprise  620 . 
     3 rd  party users  640  may include one or more individuals or organizations that utilize the capabilities of analytics platform  618 . For example, 3 rd  party users  640  may access analytics platform  618  via a web browser and may be able to access data provided to analytics platform  618  by machine learning platform  610 . 3 rd  party users  640  may be granted access, for example, through a subscription based model. Analytics platform  618  may provide multiple levels of access to 3 rd  party users  640 , each based on the subscription purchased by 3 rd  party users  640 . For example, each level of access may provide more sensitive or larger amounts of data. 
     Notably, the components of arrangement  600  are used for the purpose of example. Other components and arrangements are possible. 
       FIGS.  5 A- 5 E  include illustrations of systems and methods for conducting various alternative finishing processes according to embodiments herein.  FIG.  5 A  includes an illustration of a first part  121 , a second part  122 , and a joint region  123  disposed between and joining the first part  121  to the second part  122 . The embodiment of  FIG.  5 A  also includes a fixed abrasive article  501  configured to conduct a finishing operation by sectioning through a width of the joint region  123  (e.g., in direction of  502 ) to separate the first part  121  from the second part  122 . In one particular embodiment,  FIG.  5 A  may represent a single-pass cutting operation. Single-pass refers to the motion of the fixed abrasive article  501  relative to the joint region  123 , such that the fixed abrasive article  501  (or the body including the first part  121 , second part  122  and joint region  123 ) can be moved relative to each other in a single direction and facilitate sectioning through the joint region  123  and separating the first part  121  from the second portions  122 . As described herein, the embodiment of  FIG.  5 A  also includes a manipulator  115  configured to engage at least a portion of the first part  121  during the finishing operation, such that upon completion of sectioning, the manipulator can support the weight of the first part  121  and avoid damage of the first part  121 . 
     It will be appreciated that after sectioning of the joint region  123 , other processes may be conducted on the remaining portions of the joint region  123  attached to the first part  121  and second part  122 . For example, in one embodiment, on or more surface of the first part  121  and/or second part  122  may be polished to remove any remaining portions of the joint region  123  from the first part  121  and/or second part  122 . For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, the process can include a single-pass cutting operation and a single-pass surface surface-modification operation conducted separately from each other. 
       FIGS.  5 B and  5 C  include illustrations of a first part  121 , a second part  122 , and a joint region  123  disposed between and joining the first part  121  to the second part  122 . The embodiments of  FIGS.  5 B and  5 C  also include a fixed abrasive article  501  configured to conduct a finishing operation. The embodiments also include a manipulator  115  that may be used to support the first part  121  during finishing. In one particular embodiment, the fixed abrasive article  501  may be operated in a multi-pass method, which includes more than one path through the same region to conduct sectioning and surface finishing. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, the fixed abrasive article  501  can move in direction  502  to conduct sectioning through a width of the joint region  123  to separate the first part  121  from the second part  122 . It will be understood that in other embodiments, the fixed abrasive article  501  can be stationary and the first part  121 , second part  122 , and joint region  123  can be moved relative to the stationary fixed abrasive article  501  to complete sectioning. 
     After conducting the sectioning, the fixed abrasive article  501  and/or second portion  122  may be moved relative to each other (e.g., in the direction  503  of  FIG.  5 B  or the direction  505  of  FIG.  5 C ) to facilitate removing excess material from the surface  510  of the second part  122 . In some instances, it may be advantageous to remove excess material from the surface  510 , such as in a surface-modification operation, to suitably prepare the surface  510  of the second part  122  for subsequent additive manufacturing operations. In one embodiment, the second part  122  can be a build plate, which may need to have a particular surface quality to be suitable for use as a build plate. 
     In one embodiment, the process of finishing the surface  510  may include multiple passes in multiple directions (e.g., back-and-forth) to facilitate finishing the surface  510  to the desired quality. According to one aspect, the single-pass cutting may be conducted along a different path direction as compared to the single-pass surface-modification operation. 
     In still another embodiment, the fixed abrasive article  501  used to conduct the sectioning (e.g.,  FIG.  5 B ) can be different from the fixed abrasive article  501  used to conduct surface finishing (e.g.,  FIG.  5 C ). In still another embodiment, sectioning and surface finishing may use the same fixed abrasive article  501 . 
     In one particular embodiment,  FIG.  5 A  may represent a single-pass cutting operation. Single-pass refers to the motion of the fixed abrasive article  501  relative to the joint region  123 , such that the fixed abrasive article  501  (or the body including the first part  121 , second part  122  and joint region  123 ) can be moved relative to each other in a single direction and facilitate sectioning through the joint region  123  and separating the first part  121  from the second portions  122 . 
       FIG.  5 D  includes an illustration of a first part  121 , a second part  122 , and a joint region  123  disposed between and joining the first part  121  to the second part  122 . The embodiment of  FIG.  5 D  also includes a fixed abrasive article  501  configured to conduct a finishing operation by sectioning through a width of the joint region  123  (e.g., in direction of  502 ) to separate the first part  121  from the second part  122  (e.g., in direction  502 ). In the particular embodiment of  FIG.  5 D , the process includes a finishing operation including simultaneous sectioning and surface-modification. In such an operation, the fixed abrasive article  501  is simultaneously contacting and removing material from the joint region  123  and the surface  510  such that the first part  121  is effectively separated from the second part  122  and the surface  510  of the second part  122  is finished. In one embodiment, the finishing operation of  FIG.  5 D  may be a single-pass sectioning and surface-modification operation (e.g., in the direction  502 ). In still other embodiments, the operation may be a multi-pass operation, wherein the first pass can include simultaneous sectioning and surface-modification (e.g., in direction  502 ), and subsequent movements (e.g., in direction  511 ) after completing the sectioning may be focused on surface-modification of the surface  510 . While the orientation of the fixed abrasive article  501  is demonstrated as having a major surface  512  essentially co-planar with the surface  510 , it will be appreciated that other orientations of the fixed abrasive article  501  relative to the surface  510  are possible. A manipulator is not depicted in  FIG.  5 D , but it will be appreciated that it may be used. 
       FIG.  5 E  includes an illustration of a first part  121 , a second part  122 , and a joint region  123  disposed between and joining the first part  121  to the second part  122 . The embodiment of  FIG.  5 E  also includes a fixed abrasive article  501  configured to conduct a finishing operation by sectioning through a width of the joint region  123  (e.g., in direction of  502 ) to separate the first part  121  from the second part  122  (e.g., in direction  502 ). Unlike the embodiment, of  FIG.  5 D , the fixed abrasive article  501  has a peripheral edge of a different shape, including a non-orthogonal peripheral edge angle  520 . In the particular embodiment of  FIG.  5 E , the process includes a finishing operation including simultaneous sectioning and surface-modification. In some instances, the peripheral edge angle  520  may facilitate effective simultaneous sectioning and surface-modification. In such an operation, the fixed abrasive article  501  is simultaneously contacting and removing material from the joint region  123  and the surface  510  such that the first part  121  is effectively separated from the second part  122  and the surface  510  of the second part  122  is finished. In one embodiment, the finishing operation of  FIG.  5 E  may be a single-pass sectioning and surface-modification operation (e.g., in the direction  502 ). In still other embodiments, the operation may be a multi-pass operation, wherein the first pass can include simultaneous sectioning and surface-modification (e.g., in direction  502 ), and subsequent movements (e.g., in direction  511 ) after completing the sectioning may be focused on surface-modification (e.g., grinding and/or polishing) of the surface  510 . While the orientation of the fixed abrasive article  501  is demonstrated as having a major surface  512  essentially co-planar with the surface  510 , it will be appreciated that other orientations of the fixed abrasive article  501  relative to the surface  510  are possible. A manipulator is not depicted in  FIG.  5 E , but it will be appreciated that it may be used. 
     In one embodiment, the separation process can be conducted at a particular average material removal rate that improves the process and resulting quality of the first and second parts  121  and  122 . For example, the process can be conducted at an average material removal rate within a range of at least 1 in 3 /min per inch (i.e., 1 in 2 /min) and not greater than 10 in 3 /min per inch (i.e., 10 in 2 /min). In one non-limiting embodiment, the average material removal rate can be at least 1.5 in 2 /min or at least 2 in 2 /min or at least 2.5 in 2 /min or at least 3 in 2 /min or at least 3.5 in 2 /min or at least 4 in 2 /min or at least 4.5 in 2 /min or at least 5 in 2 /min or at least 5.5 in 2 /min or at least 6 in 2 /min or at least 6.5 in 2 /min or at least 7 in 2 /min or at least 7.5 in 2 /min or at least 8 in 2 /min or at least 8.5 in 2 /min. In still another non-limiting embodiment, the average material removal rate can be not greater than 9.8 in 2 /min, such as not greater than 9.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 9 in 2 /min or not greater than 8.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 8 in 2 /min or not greater than 7.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 7 in 2 /min or not greater than 6.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 6 in 2 /min or not greater than 5.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 5 in 2 /min or not greater than 4.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 4 in 2 /min or not greater than 3.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 3 in 2 /min or not greater than 2.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 2 in 2 /min. It will be appreciated that the average material removal rate can be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, such as within a range of at least 1.5 in 2 /min to not greater than 10 in 2 /min or within a range of at least 2 in 2 /min to not greater than 10 in 2 /min or within a range of at least 3 in 2 /min to not greater than 10 in 2 /min or within a range of at least 5 in 2 /min to not greater than 10 in 2 /min. 
     In one embodiment, the separation process can be conducted at a particular average kerf that allows for smaller joint regions while maintaining finishing process efficiencies and the quality of the first and second parts  121  and  122 . For example, in one embodiment, the average kerf can be within a range of at least 0.002 inches and not greater than 0.25 inches. In one non-limiting embodiment, the average kerf can be at least 0.003 inches, such as at least 0.005 inches or at least 0.008 inches or at least 0.01 inches or at least 0.03 inches or at least 0.05 inches or at least 0.08 inches or at least 0.1 inches or at least 0.15 inches or at least 0.18 inches or at least 0.2 inches. In still another non-limiting embodiment, the average kerf can be not greater than 0.25 inches or not greater than 0.22 inches or not greater than 0.2 inches or not greater than 0.18 inches or not greater than 0.15 inches or not greater than 0.13 inches or not greater than 0.1 inches or not greater than 0.08 inches or not greater than 0.05 inches or not greater than 0.03 inches or not greater than 0.01 inches or not greater than 0.008 inches or not greater than 0.005 inches. It will be appreciated that the average kerf can be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, such as within a range of at least 0.002 inches to not greater than 0.2 inches or within a range of at least 0.003 inches to not greater than 0.15 or within a range of at least 0.005 inches to not greater than 0.1 inches or within a range of at least 0.005 inches to not greater than 0.08 inches. 
     As used herein, the average kerf is the average thickness of the channel formed between the two components during the separation process. In at least one embodiment, the average kerf may be measured at random intervals during the operation with one or more sensors and the values may be averaged to calculate the average kerf. 
     In another aspect, the separation process can be conducted at a particular average specific grinding energy that improves the process and resulting quality of the first and second parts  121  and  122 . For example, the specific grinding energy may be at least 1 hp-min/in 3  and not greater than 40 hp-min/in 3 . In one non-limiting embodiment, the specific grinding energy may be at least 2 hp-min/in 3 , such as at least 3 hp-min/in 3  or at least 5 hp-min/in 3  or at least 8 hp-min/in 3  or at least 10 hp-min/in 3  or at least 12 hp-min/in 3  or at least 15 hp-min/in 3  or at least 18 hp-min/in 3  or at least 20 hp-min/in 3  or at least 23 hp-min/in 3  or at least 25 hp-min/in 3  or at least 28 hp-min/in 3  or at least 30 hp-min/in 3  or at least 33 hp-min/in 3  or at least 35 hp-min/in 3 . Still, in another non-limiting embodiment, the average specific grinding energy may be not greater than 38 hp-min/in 3 , such as not greater than 35 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 33 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 30 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 28 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 25 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 23 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 20 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 18 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 15 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 13 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 10 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 8 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 5 hp-min/in 3 . It will be appreciated that the average specific grinding energy can be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, such as within a range of at least 1 hp-min/in 3  to not greater than 38 hp-min/in 3  or within a range of at least 2 hp-min/in 3  to not greater than 30 hp-min/in 3  or within a range of at least 3 hp-min/in 3  to not greater than 25 hp-min/in 3 . In one embodiment, the average specific grinding energy may be calculated from the power used to conduct the separation process. 
     The average specific grinding energy may be calculated as power divided by material removal rate (i.e., P/MRR). The average specific grinding energy can be calculated from a plurality of instantaneous specific grinding energy values calculated from a plurality of power measurements taken at different times during the separation process. 
     In another aspect, the sectioning process can be conducted at a particular G-ratio, which is a measure of the material removed from the workpiece divided by the material lost from the fixed abrasive article. The processes herein may be conducted at a particular G-ratio that may facilitate improved material removal operations and quality of the first and second parts  121  and  122 . In one embodiment, the G-ratio may be at least 10, such as at least 20 or at least 50 or at least 100 or at least 200 or at least 300 or at least 400 or at least 500 or at least 600 or at least 700 or at least 800 or at least 900. In still another non-limiting embodiment, the G-ratio may be not greater than 1000, such as not greater than 900 or not greater than 800 or not greater than 700 or not greater than 600 or not greater than 500 or not greater than 400 or not greater than 300 or not greater than 200. It will be appreciated that the G-ratio may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values noted above. 
     The foregoing embodiments related to the average G-ratio, average material removal rate, average kerf, and average specific grinding energy are provided in the context of sectioning. However, it will be appreciated that for surface-modification operations conducted separately from the separation process, such surface-modification operations may have the same values for average G-ratio, average material removal rate, average kerf, and average specific grinding energy. 
     In a particular embodiment of the method of the present disclosure, separating can include a cutting operation and a surface-modification process, wherein the cutting operation may be conducted simultaneously with the surface-modification process. In one non-limiting example, simultaneous surface-modification and cutting operations may utilize particular process parameters. For example, according to one embodiment, the process of separating and surface-modification can be conducted at a total average material removal rate for both operations of at least 1 in 3 /min per inch (i.e., 1 in 2 /min) and not greater than 10 in 3 /min per inch (i.e., 10 in 2 /min). In one non-limiting embodiment, the total average material removal rate can be at least 1.5 in 2 /min or at least 2 in 2 /min or at least 2.5 in 2 /min or at least 3 in 2 /min or at least 3.5 in 2 /min or at least 4 in 2 /min or at least 4.5 in 2 /min or at least 5 in 2 /min or at least 5.5 in 2 /min or at least 6 in 2 /min or at least 6.5 in 2 /min or at least 7 in 2 /min or at least 7.5 in 2 /min or at least 8 in 2 /min or at least 8.5 in 2 /min. In still another non-limiting embodiment, the total average material removal rate can be not greater than 9.8 in 2 /min, such as not greater than 9.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 9 in 2 /min or not greater than 8.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 8 in 2 /min or not greater than 7.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 7 in 2 /min or not greater than 6.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 6 in 2 /min or not greater than 5.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 5 in 2 /min or not greater than 4.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 4 in 2 /min or not greater than 3.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 3 in 2 /min or not greater than 2.5 in 2 /min or not greater than 2 in 2 /min. It will be appreciated that the total average material removal rate can be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, such as within a range of at least 1.5 in 2 /min to not greater than 10 in 2 /min or within a range of at least 2 in 2 /min to not greater than 10 in 2 /min or within a range of at least 3 in 2 /min to not greater than 10 in 2 /min or within a range of at least 5 in 2 /min to not greater than 10 in 2 /min. 
     In another non-limiting aspect, for those processes using a simultaneous cutting and surface-modification operation, the total average kerf can be controlled and may facilitate improved processing and also improved quality of the first and second parts  121  and  122 . For example, the total average kerf can be at least 0.002 inches, such as at least 0.003 inches or at least 0.005 inches or at least 0.008 inches or at least 0.01 inches or at least 0.03 inches or at least 0.05 inches or at least 0.08 inches or at least 0.1 inches or at least 0.15 inches or at least 0.18 inches or at least 0.2 inches. In still another non-limiting embodiment, the total average kerf can be not greater than 0.25 inches or not greater than 0.22 inches or not greater than 0.2 inches or not greater than 0.18 inches or not greater than 0.15 inches or not greater than 0.13 inches or not greater than 0.1 inches or not greater than 0.08 inches or not greater than 0.05 inches or not greater than 0.03 inches or not greater than 0.01 inches or not greater than 0.008 inches or not greater than 0.005 inches. It will be appreciated that the total average kerf can be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, such as within a range of at least 0.002 inches to not greater than 0.2 inches or within a range of at least 0.003 inches to not greater than 0.15 or within a range of at least 0.005 inches to not greater than 0.1 inches or within a range of at least 0.005 inches to not greater than 0.08 inches. 
     According to another non-limiting embodiment, for those processes using a simultaneous cutting and surface-modification operation, the total average specific grinding energy can be controlled and may facilitate improved processing and also improved quality of the first and second parts  121  and  122 . For example, in one embodiment, the total average specific grinding energy can be at least 1 hp-min/in 3 , such as at least 2 hp-min/in 3  or at least 3 hp-min/in 3  or at least 5 hp-min/in 3  or at least 8 hp-min/in 3  or at least 10 hp-min/in 3  or at least 12 hp-min/in 3  or at least 15 hp-min/in 3  or at least 18 hp-min/in 3  or at least 20 hp-min/in 3  or at least 23 hp-min/in 3  or at least 25 hp-min/in 3  or at least 28 hp-min/in 3  or at least 30 hp-min/in 3  or at least 33 hp-min/in 3  or at least 35 hp-min/in 3 . Still, in another non-limiting embodiment, the total average specific grinding energy may be not greater than 50 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 40 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 38 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 35 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 33 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 30 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 28 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 25 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 23 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 20 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 18 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 15 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 13 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 10 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 8 hp-min/in 3  or not greater than 5 hp-min/in 3 . It will be appreciated that the total average specific grinding energy can be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, such as within a range of at least 1 hp-min/in 3  to not greater than 40 hp-min/in 3  or within a range of at least 2 hp-min/in 3  to not greater than 30 hp-min/in 3  or within a range of at least 3 hp-min/in 3  to not greater than 25 hp-min/in 3 . 
     For those processes using a simultaneous cutting and surface-modification operation, the total average G-ratio may be controlled and may facilitate improved processing and also improved quality of the first and second parts  121  and  122 . For example, the total average G-ratio may be at least 10, such as at least 20 or at least 50 or at least 100 or at least 200 or at least 300 or at least 400 or at least 500 or at least 600 or at least 700 or at least 800 or at least 900. In still another non-limiting embodiment, the total average G-ratio may be not greater than 1000, such as not greater than 900 or not greater than 800 or not greater than 700 or not greater than 600 or not greater than 500 or not greater than 400 or not greater than 300 or not greater than 200. It will be appreciated that the G-ratio may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values noted above. 
     According to one embodiment, at least a portion of the surface  510  of the second part  122  may be finished to a particular specification suitable for re-using the second part  122  as a build plate. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, the process of finishing can include finishing the surface  510  to an average surface roughness (Ra) of not greater than 50 microns, such as not greater than 45 microns or not greater than 40 microns or not greater than 35 microns or not greater than 30 microns or not greater than 25 microns or not greater than 20 microns or not greater than 18 microns or not greater than 15 microns or not greater than 12 microns or not greater than 10 microns or not greater than 8 microns or not greater than 5 microns or not greater than 2 microns or not greater than 1 micron. Still, in another non-limiting embodiment, the surface  510  may be finished to an average surface roughness (Ra) of at least 0.1 microns or at least 0.5 microns or least 1 micron or at least 3 microns or at least 5 microns or at least 10 microns or at least 15 microns or at least 20 microns. It will be appreciated that the average surface roughness (Ra) can be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values noted above. 
     In another non-limiting embodiment, the process of finishing may include finishing the surface  510  to a particular flatness. For example, in one embodiment, the average flatness of the surface  510  after the finishing operation can be not greater than 200 microns, such as not greater than 180 microns or not greater than 160 microns or not greater than 140 microns or not greater than 120 microns or not greater than 100 microns or not greater than 80 microns or not greater than 60 microns or not greater than 40 microns or not greater than 20 microns or not greater than 10 microns. Still, in one non-limiting embodiment, the average flatness can be at least 0.1 microns or at least 0.5 microns or at least 1 micron or at least 5 microns or at least 10 microns or at least 20 microns or at least 30 microns or at least 40 microns or at least 50 microns. It will be appreciated that the average flatness can be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values noted above. 
     The average flatness may also be reported as a normalized average flatness wherein the flatness value is divided by the area of the surface  510 . For example, in one embodiment the average normalized flatness of the surface  510  after the finishing operation can be not greater than 0.5 microns/cm 2 , such as not greater than 0.4 microns/cm 2  or not greater than 0.3 microns/cm 2  or not greater than 0.2 microns/cm 2  or not greater than 0.15 microns/cm 2  or not greater than 0.1 microns/cm 2  or not greater than 0.05 microns/cm 2  or not greater than 0.01 microns/cm 2  or not greater than 0.005 microns/cm 2  or not greater than 0.001 microns/cm 2  or not greater than 0.0005 microns/cm 2 . Still, in one non-limiting embodiment, the average normalized flatness can be at least 0.00001 microns/cm 2  or at least 0.0001 microns/cm 2  or at least 0.001 microns/cm 2  or at least 0.01 microns/cm 2  or at least 0.1 microns/cm 2 . It will be appreciated that the average flatness can be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values noted above. Normalized flatness is typically measured over a surface area of at least 10 cm 2 , and more particularly at least 100 cm 2  or even at least 500 cm 2 . 
     In one non-limiting aspect, the finishing operation, including simultaneous or independent surface-modification operation may be conducted under particular conditions. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, the operation may be conducted at a wheel speed of at least 10 and not greater than 100 m/s. In another non-limiting embodiment, the operation may be conducted at a feed rate of at least 1 mm/min and not greater than 2000 mm/min. According to another non-limiting embodiment, the operation may be completed using a depth of cut of at least 10 microns and not greater than 300 microns. In at least one embodiment, but not necessarily all embodiments, two or more of the above conditions may be utilized in combination. 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  7 A- 7 E , the joint region may be formed with one or more features to assist in the finishing operation. For example, in one or more optional embodiments, one or more markings, features and/or identifying structures may be part of the joint regions  123 . In one embodiment, the one or more markings, features, and/or identifying structures associated with the joint regions  123  may be used to control one or more aspect of the deterministic process. For example, in one optional embodiment, the one or more markings, features, and/or identifying structures may be a component of the part data that is used to develop the deterministic process and model for conducting the finishing operation. 
     In certain instances, the one or more markings, features or identifying structures may be formed during or after the additive manufacturing process to form the joint regions  123 . In one aspect, forming the at least one joint region can include forming a surface feature in the at least one joint region  123 , wherein the surface feature can be used to identify the position and orientation of the joint region  123  relative to the first part  121  and/or second part  122 . 
     In one non-limiting embodiment, the markings, features or identifying structures on the joint regions  123  can be detectable by at least one sensor, and wherein the sensor may be configured to send sensor data to a computing device that will develop the deterministic process based on the sensor data related to the markings, features or identifying structures on the joint regions  123 . In still another embodiment, the markings, features or identifying structures may be sized, shaped, and/or oriented in the joint region  123  to improve the separation process. 
       FIG.  8 A  includes an illustration of a first part  121 , a second part  122 , a joint region  123  including a marking  701  and a sensor  305 . In one embodiment, the marking  701  can be on the surface of the joint region  123 . In another embodiment, the marking  701  may include a material that is different than the material of the joint region  123 , such that the marking  701  is readily identifiable by the sensor  305 . For example, in one embodiment, the marking  701  may have a certain reflectivity to a given wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that assists an optical sensor with identifying the joint region  123 . 
     In an alternative embodiment, the marking  701  can be a blind hole or aperture in the joint region  123  that may assist with identifying the position and size of the joint region and also facilitating improved separation of the first part  121  from the second part  122 . 
       FIG.  7 B  includes an illustration of a first part  121 , a second part  122 , a joint region  123  including a marking  703  and a sensor  305 . As illustrated, in one optional embodiment, the marking  703  can have a shape (e.g., an arrow) that may provide information regarding the preferred direction of separation. The marking  703  may be a surface feature or shape that extends into the body of the joint region  123  below the surface (e.g., blind hole or aperture). 
       FIG.  7 C  includes an illustration of a first part  121 , a second part  122 , a joint region  123  including a marking  705  and a sensor  305 . As illustrated in the embodiment of  FIG.  7 C , the marking  705  may provide a preferred path or envelop in which to conduct the separating process. The marking  705  may be used during the separation process to measure the accuracy of the separation process, which can be detected by the sensor, which can provide data to one or more computing devices, which may make changes to the separating process depending upon how well the separation process is adhering to the preferred path or envelop. It will be appreciated that the marking  705  may be a surface feature or shape that extends into the body of the joint region  123  below the surface (e.g., blind hole or aperture). 
       FIG.  7 D  includes an illustration of a first part  121 , a second part  122 , a joint region  123  including a feature  707  and a sensor  305 . As illustrated in the embodiment of  FIG.  7 D , the feature  707  may have a particular surface contour, such as a groove or depression that identifies a preferred path or envelop in which to conduct the separating process. In one embodiment, the size and shape of the contour, such as a groove, may be particularly selected in light of the expected fixed abrasive article and separation process, which may facilitate improved separation. Like the other markings and features of the joint regions described in the embodiments herein, the feature  707  may be used during the separation process to measure the accuracy of the separation process, which can be detected by the sensor, which can provide data to one or more computing devices, which may make changes to the separating process. 
       FIG.  7 E  includes an illustration of a first part  121 , a second part  122 , a joint region  123  including a feature  709  and a sensor  305 . According to one embodiment, a joint region  123  may be formed to have a feature  709  in the form of a region within the joint region  123  of a different structure or morphology as compared to other portions of the joint region  123  and/or first part  121 . The feature  709  may be a region that provides sufficient strength to conduct the additive manufacturing process, but may be selectively weaker than surrounding regions, which may assist with the separation process. For example, in one embodiment, the feature  709  may include a region of greater porosity or additives that may selectively weaken the region (e.g., microcapsules of organic material that may volatilize in the heat of the separation process). In still another embodiment, the feature  709  may include a region that under certain orientations can allow for some tension or extension of the joint region  123  that may further facilitate the separation process. Some non-limiting examples of differences in morphology that may exist in the feature  709  include a difference in porosity content, porosity shape, porosity size, porosity distribution as compared to the porosity in the rest of the joint region  123  and/or first part  121 . Other aspects of difference in morphology that may be associated with the feature  709  can include difference in density, material composition and the like. It will be appreciated that a joint region can include any one or more markings, features, and/or identifying structures described in embodiments herein. 
     The same or similar processes can be applied to additive manufactured components that do not necessarily need a second part (e.g., build plate) and corresponding joint regions. In some additive manufacturing operations, the first part including the additive manufactured component can be formed as free-standing bodies. In other instances, additive manufacturing is used to repair a defect or damaged portion of a previously formed body. In either of these instances, the present processes may be used to conduct one or more material removal operations, such as surface grinding and/or surface-modification of additively manufactured regions or parts. 
       FIG.  8 A  includes an illustration of a portion of a first part formed via additive manufacturing according to an embodiment. As illustrated, the first part  800  can include a body  801  including a region  803  defined by excess material extending from the surface  805  that may be suitable for removing via a material removal operation. 
     According to one embodiment, the process for finishing the body  801  may include forming the first part  800  or a portion of the first part including the region  803  via additive manufacturing. In certain non-limiting examples, the process for finishing does not necessarily need to include the forming process. In some instances, the part  800  may already be formed and simply supplied to a system for finishing. 
     After forming or providing the first part  800 , the process can continue by finishing the region  803  of the first part  800  to a preferred contour or tolerance. The process for finishing the region can include identifying the region  803  and creating a deterministic process for changing the region  803  to a desired contour or tolerance via one or more fixed abrasives. In one embodiment, the process for identifying the region  803  can include using one or more sensors  804 , which may optionally include one or more probes  807  or may optionally use an optical sensor, which can assist in identifying regions  803  having an unsuitable contour or tolerance. In another optional embodiment, the region  803  may include a marking, feature and/or identification structure  806  to assist with identification of the region  803  and the development of the deterministic process used to finish the region  803 . 
     The process for creating the deterministic process can include any of the features of the embodiments herein for creating a model. For example, one or more computing devices can be configured to generate one or more deterministic processes based on at least one of part data, historical data, data related to the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, environmental data, sensor data, performance data, or any combination thereof. The model may be used to control the selection of one or more fixed abrasive articles from a magazine to finish the region  803  to the desired contour and/or tolerance. 
       FIG.  8 B  includes an illustration of a portion of a first part formed via additive manufacturing during a material removal operation according to an embodiment. The process for finishing the region  803  can include any of the methods, systems, and fixed abrasive articles of the embodiments herein. As illustrated, the fixed abrasive article  811  and/or the first part  800  can be moved relative to each other in the directions  813  to conduct a suitable material removal operation of the region  803 . 
     EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiment 1. A method for conducting an abrasive operation comprising: providing a fixed abrasive article including abrasive particles contained in a bond material; and separating a first part from a second part using the fixed abrasive article operated according to a deterministic process, wherein the first part comprises an additive manufactured component. 
     Embodiment 2. The method of embodiment 1, wherein providing a fixed abrasive article includes selecting a first fixed abrasive article from a magazine, the magazine including a plurality of different types of fixed abrasive articles. 
     Embodiment 3. The method of embodiment 1, wherein providing a fixed abrasive article includes selecting a fixed abrasive article based on part data, wherein part data includes information related to at least one of an orientation of the first part, a size of the first part, a shape of the first part, a composition of the first part, an orientation of the second part, a size of the second part, a shape of the second part, a composition of the second part, an orientation of at least one joint region between the first part and second part, a size of at least one joint region between the first part and second part, a shape of at least one joint region between the first part and the second part, a composition of at least one joint region between the first part and the second part, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 4. The method of embodiment 1, wherein providing a fixed abrasive article includes selecting a first fixed abrasive article via an end effector. 
     Embodiment 5. The method of any one of embodiments 2, 3, or 4, wherein selecting includes confirming the type of abrasive article selected by reading indicia data associated with the abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 6. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the deterministic process includes a separation model configured to control a path of the fixed abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 7. The method of embodiment 6, wherein the separation model is created based upon at least one of part data, historical data, data related to the types of fixed abrasive articles available, a wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, environmental data, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 8. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the deterministic process includes a finishing model configured to control a path of motion of at least one of the first part or the second part relative to the fixed abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 9. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the deterministic process includes moving the fixed abrasive article relative to a stationary position of at least one of the first part or the second part. 
     Embodiment 10. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the deterministic process includes moving at least one of the first part or second part relative to a stationary position of the fixed abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 11. The method of embodiment 10, wherein moving at least one of the first part or the second part includes engaging at least one of the first part or the second part with an end effector configured to manipulate the first part or the second part relative to the fixed abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 12. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the deterministic process includes independently moving at least one of the first part or the second part and independently moving the fixed abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 13. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the deterministic process includes a single-pass finishing operation. 
     Embodiment 14. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the deterministic process includes a single-pass cutting operation and a single-pass surface surface-modification operation conducted simultaneously. 
     Embodiment 15. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the deterministic process includes a single-pass cutting operation and a single-pass surface surface-modification operation conducted separately from each other. 
     Embodiment 16. The method of embodiment 15, wherein the single pass cutting operation is conducted along a different path direction as compared to the single-pass surface surface-modification operation. 
     Embodiment 17. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the deterministic process includes one or more separation models configured to be presented to a user for selection via at least one user interface. 
     Embodiment 18. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the deterministic process is configured to be adapted during separating by one or more of sensor data, performance data, force data, displacement data, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 19. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes removing material at an average material removal rate within a range of at least 1 in 2 /min and not greater than 10 in 2 /min. 
     Embodiment 20. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes removing material with an average kerf within a range of at least 0.002 inches and not greater than 0.25 inches. 
     Embodiment 21. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes removing material at a specific grinding energy of at least 1 hp-min/in3 and not greater than 40 hp-min/in3. 
     Embodiment 22. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes removing material at a G-ratio of at least 10 and not greater than 1000. 
     Embodiment 23. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes a cutting operation and a surface-modification operation conducted simultaneously with the fixed abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 24. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes a cutting operation and a surface-modification operation conducted at separate times, wherein the cutting operation and surface-modification operation are conducted with the fixed abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 25. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes a cutting operation and a surface-modification operation conducted at separate times and wherein the cutting operation is conducted with the fixed abrasive article and the surface-modification operation is conducted with a second fixed abrasive article different from the fixed abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 26. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes a cutting operation and a surface-modification operation, wherein the cutting operation is conducted simultaneously with the surface-modification operation, and simultaneous surface-modification and cutting operations include at least one of: a total average material removal rate for both operations is within a range of at least 1 in 2 /min and not greater than 10 in 2 /min; a total average kerf within a range of at least 0.002 inches and not greater than 0.25 inches; a total average specific grinding energy of at least 1 hp-min/in 3  and not greater than 40 hp-min/in 3 ; a total average G-ratio within a range of at least 10 and not greater than 1000; or a combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 27. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes a cutting operation and a surface-modification operation, wherein the cutting operation is conducted separately from the surface-modification operation, and wherein the cutting operation comprises at least one of: an average material removal rate that is greater than an average material removal rate of the surface-modification operation; an average specific grinding energy that is greater than an average specific grinding energy of the surface-modification operation; an average G-ratio that is greater than an average G-ratio of the surface-modification operation; or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 28. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes a cutting operation and a surface-modification operation, wherein the cutting operation is conducted separately from the surface-modification operation, and wherein the cutting operation comprises at least one of: an average material removal rate within a range of at least 1 in 2 /min and not greater than 10 in 2 /min; an average kerf within a range of at least 0.002 inches and not greater than 0.25 inches; an average specific grinding energy of at least 1 hp-min/in 3  and not greater than 40 hp-min/in 3 ; an average G-ratio within a range of at least 10 and not greater than 1000; or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 29. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes a cutting operation and a surface-modification operation, wherein the cutting operation is conducted separately from the surface-modification operation, and wherein the surface-modification operation comprises at least one of: an average material removal rate within a range of at least 1 in 2 /min and not greater than 10 in 2 /min; an average specific grinding energy of at least 1 hp-min/in 3  and not greater than 40 hp-min/in 3 ; an average G-ratio within a range of at least 10 and not greater than 1000; a finished average surface roughness within a range of at least 0.1 microns and not greater than 50 microns; a finished normalized average flatness within a range of at least 0.00001 microns/cm 2  and not greater than 0.5 microns/cm 2 ; or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 30. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes creating progress data, and wherein progress data is used to control at least one of orientation of the first part relative to the second part, the position of one or more end effectors engaged with the first part or the second part, or a combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 31. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes creating progress data configured to control release of the first part from the second part. 
     Embodiment 32. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the abrasive particles include at least one of oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, superabrasives, agglomerates, unagglomerated particles, shaped abrasive particles, randomly-shaped abrasive particles, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 33. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the fixed abrasive includes a coated abrasive, bonded abrasive, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 34. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the bond material includes a ceramic material, metal material, polymeric material, vitreous material, monocrystalline material, polycrystalline material, amorphous material, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 35. The method of embodiment 1, further comprising forming at least one joint region between the first part and the second part via additive manufacturing prior to separating. 
     Embodiment 36. The method of embodiment 35, wherein forming the at least one joint region includes forming at least one marking on the at least one joint region, wherein the marking is used to control a parameter of the deterministic process. 
     Embodiment 37. The method of embodiment 36, wherein the at least one marking is detectable by at least one sensor, and wherein the sensor is configured to send sensor data to a processor to develop the deterministic process. 
     Embodiment 38. The method of embodiment 35, wherein forming the at least one joint region includes forming a surface feature in the at least one joint region, wherein the surface feature is used to identify the position and orientation of the joint region and wherein the surface features optionally controls a parameter of the deterministic process. 
     Embodiment 39. The method of embodiment 35, wherein forming the at least one joint region includes forming a region of a different morphology as compared to a body of the first part formed via additive manufacturing. 
     Embodiment 40. The method of embodiment 39, wherein the different morphology includes at least one of a different porosity content, different porosity shape, different porosity size, different pore size distribution, different density, different composition, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 41. The method of embodiment 1, wherein separating includes simultaneously surface-modification at least a portion of a surface of the second part to a predetermined surface value. 
     Embodiment 42. The method of embodiment 41, wherein simultaneously surface-modification includes finishing the portion of the second part to an average surface roughness (Ra) of not greater than 50 microns. 
     Embodiment 43. The method of embodiment 41, wherein simultaneous finishing includes finishing the portion of the second part to a normalized flatness of not greater than 0.5 microns/cm 2 . 
     Embodiment 44. The method of embodiment 41, wherein simultaneous finishing includes at least one of: a wheel speed of at least 10 and not greater than 100 m/s; a feed rate of at least 1 mm/min and not greater than 2000 mm/min, a depth of cut of at least 10 microns and not greater than 300 microns; or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 45. The method of embodiment 41, wherein simultaneous finishing comprises: measuring at least one surface value associated with a finished surface of the second part during separating and generating performance data; and adapting the deterministic process based upon the performance data. 
     Embodiment 46. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the first part comprises an inorganic material. 
     Embodiment 47. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the first part comprises a polycrystalline or amorphous material. 
     Embodiment 48. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the first part comprises a metal or metal alloy. 
     Embodiment 49. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the second part comprises a metal or metal alloy. 
     Embodiment 50. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the second part comprises a same metal material as the first part. 
     Embodiment 51. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the second part is a build plate having a surface suitable for formation of the first part via additive manufacturing. 
     Embodiment 52. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the build plate comprises a length that is greater than a diameter of the fixed abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 53. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the build plate comprises a width that is greater than a diameter of the fixed abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 54. A system for conducting an abrasive operation comprising: a first part comprising an additive manufactured component; a second part joined to the first part by at least one joint region; and an end effector configured to engage with at least one of a fixed abrasive article, the first part or the second part, wherein the end effector is configured to move at least one of the fixed abrasive article, the first part or the second part to remove material from the at least one joint region and facilitate separation of the first part from the second part, wherein the at least one fixed abrasive article includes abrasive particles contained in a bond material. 
     Embodiment 55. The system of embodiment 54, further comprising an additive manufacturing housing configured to form the additive manufactured component of the first part, wherein the end effector is integrated into the additive manufacturing housing. 
     Embodiment 56. The system of embodiment 54, further comprising a magazine including a plurality of different types of fixed abrasive articles including the at least one fixed abrasive article. 
     Embodiment 57. The system of embodiment 56, wherein each different type of fixed abrasive article of the plurality of different types of fixed abrasives has unique indicia data. 
     Embodiment 58. The system of embodiment 57, wherein the unique indicia data includes a marking, a barcode, a matrix barcode, a number, a letter combination, a pattern, or a combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 59. The system of embodiment 56, wherein each different type of fixed abrasive article includes an electronic device. 
     Embodiment 60. The system of embodiment 59, wherein the electronic device includes a wireless communication device including a logic element and an antenna. 
     Embodiment 61. The system of embodiment 59, wherein the electronic device comprises at least one of a passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, an active radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, a sensor, a passive near-field communication device (passive NFC), an active near-field communication device (active NFC), or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 62. The system of embodiment 57, wherein the unique indicia data is present as a machine-readable medium, the system further comprising at least one sensor configured to read the machine-readable medium and send the unique indicia data to a computing device to confirm the type of fixed abrasive article engaged with the end effector. 
     Embodiment 63. The system of embodiment 62, wherein the at least one sensor is an optical sensor. 
     Embodiment 64. The system of embodiment 54, further comprising a finishing system including a finishing housing including the end effector and the at least one fixed abrasive, wherein the finishing housing is separate from an additive manufacturing housing configured for forming the additive manufactured component of the first part. 
     Embodiment 65. The system of embodiment 64, further comprising at least one transfer mechanism configured to transfer the first part and second part from an additive manufacturing system to the finishing system. 
     Embodiment 66. The system of embodiment 64, further comprising at least one computing device for the additive manufacturing system in communication with at least one computing device associated with the finishing system, and wherein the computing device for the additive manufacturing system is configured to send part data to the computing device associated with the finishing system. 
     Embodiment 67. The system of embodiment 54, further comprising one or more sensors in the end effector. 
     Embodiment 68. The system of embodiment 67, wherein the one or more sensors include a thermal sensor, force sensor, proximity sensor, vibration sensor, acoustic sensor, power sensor, accelerometer, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 69. The system of embodiment 68, wherein the force sensor has at least one degree of freedom. 
     Embodiment 70. The system of embodiment 54, further comprising a computing device in communication with the end effector and configured to control the movement of the end effector. 
     Embodiment 71. The system of embodiment 70, wherein the computing device includes hardware including at least one of a memory, a processor, input/output devices, a display, a keyboard, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 72. The system of embodiment 70, wherein the computing device includes software or firmware. 
     Embodiment 73. The system of embodiment 70, wherein the computing device includes a processor configured to store or receive at least one of part data, historical data, data related to the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, environmental data, sensor data, performance data, deterministic process data, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 74. The system of embodiment 70, wherein the computing device includes software or firmware configured generate one or more deterministic processes based on at least one of part data, historical data, data related to the types of fixed abrasives available, the wear status of one or more fixed abrasive articles, environmental data, sensor data, performance data, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiment 75. The system of embodiment 74, wherein the one or more deterministic processes includes one or more models generated by the software or firmware, and wherein the one or more models are configured to be sent to a display and presented in a user-readable medium. 
     Embodiment 76. The system of embodiment 74, wherein the one or more deterministic processes includes one or more models generated by the software or firmware, and wherein the one or more models are configured to be sent as machine-readable medium to a controller of the end effector. 
     Embodiment 77. The system of embodiment 54, further comprising a manipulator configured to engage at least one of the first part or the second part during separation of the first part from the second part. 
     Embodiment 78. The system of embodiment 77, wherein the manipulator is configured to change the position of at least one of the first part or the second part based on manipulator data received from a computing device. 
     Embodiment 79. The system of embodiment 77, wherein the manipulator and end effector are configured to move in one or more directions based on a separation model. 
     Embodiment 80. The system of embodiment 59, further comprising a first force controller configured to measure forces during a cutting operation and a second force controller, different from the first force controller, configured to measure forces during a surface-modification operation. 
     The foregoing embodiments are directed to bonded abrasive products, and particularly grinding wheels, which represent a departure from the state-of-the-art. Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any feature(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature of any or all the claims. Reference herein to a material including one or more components may be interpreted to include at least one embodiment wherein the material consists essentially of the one or more components identified. The term “consisting essentially” will be interpreted to include a composition including those materials identified and excluding all other materials except in minority contents (e.g., impurity contents), which do not significantly alter the properties of the material. Additionally, or in the alternative, in certain non-limiting embodiments, any of the compositions identified herein may be essentially free of materials that are not expressly disclosed. The embodiments herein include range of contents for certain components within a material, and it will be appreciated that the contents of the components within a given material total 100%. The specification and illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. 
     The specification and illustrations are not intended to serve as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of all of the elements and features of apparatus and systems that use the structures or methods described herein. Separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, various features that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. Further, reference to values stated in ranges includes each and every value within that range. Many other embodiments may be apparent to skilled artisans only after reading this specification. Other embodiments may be used and derived from the disclosure, such that a structural substitution, logical substitution, or another change may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the disclosure is to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.