Patent Publication Number: US-8992889-B2

Title: Freshening compositions having a malodor control component and methods thereof

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/329,989 filed Apr. 30, 2010. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to freshening compositions having a malodor control component and methods thereof. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to freshening compositions that may be sprayed onto fabrics and/or into the air to restore their freshness by reducing malodor impression and methods thereof. Freshening products for reducing or masking malodors on fabrics and in air are currently available and are described in the patent literature. The Procter &amp; Gamble Company sells fabric and air freshening products under the FEBREZE® brand name. These products typically contain perfume, solubilizer, cyclodextrin, and an aqueous carrier. S.C. Johnson sells products such as Glade® Fabric and Air Odor Eliminator and Oust® Surface Disinfectant and Air Sanitizer. Reckitt-Benckiser sells products such as Lysol® Disinfectant Spray. 
     However, not all odors are effectively controlled by products on the market because amine-based malodors such as fish and urine malodors, and sulfur-based malodors such as garlic, onion, foot, and fecal malodors are difficult to combat. Further, the time required for a composition to noticeably combat malodors may create consumer doubt as to a product&#39;s efficacy on malodors. For example, the consumer may leave the treated space before the product begins to noticeably reduce the malodor. 
     The difficulty in overcoming a broad range of malodors has spawned a diverse assortment of products to neutralize, mask, or contain the malodors. There remains a need for a fast acting freshening composition that neutralizes malodors and is effective on a broad range of malodors, including amine-based and sulfur-based malodors, while not overpowering malodors with an overwhelming perfume. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In one embodiment, there is provided a freshening composition comprising a malodor control component; about 1% to about 5%, by weight of said composition, of a low molecular weight monohydric alcohol; and an aqueous carrier; wherein the composition is essentially free of any material that would soil or stain fabric. 
     In one aspect, the malodor control component comprises an effective amount of two or more volatile aldehydes are selected from the group consisting of 2-ethoxy benzylaldehyde, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-2-hexenal, 5-methyl furfural, 5-methyl-thiophene-carboxaldehyde, adoxal, p-anisaldehyde, benzylaldehyde, bourgenal, cinnamic aldehyde, cymal, decyl aldehyde, floral super, florhydral, helional, lauric aldehyde, ligustral, lyral, melonal, o-anisaldehyde, pino acetaldehyde, P.T. bucinal, thiophene carboxaldehyde, trans-4-decenal, trans trans 2,4-nonadienal, undecyl aldehyde, and mixtures thereof. 
     In another aspect, the malodor control component comprises at least one volatile aldehyde is selected from the group consisting of 2-ethoxy benzylaldehyde, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-2-hexenal, 5-methyl furfural, 5-methyl-thiophene-carboxaldehyde, adoxal, p-anisaldehyde, benzylaldehyde, bourgenal, cinnamic aldehyde, cymal, decyl aldehyde, floral super, florhydral, helional, lauric aldehyde, ligustral, lyral, melonal, o-anisaldehyde, pino acetaldehyde, P.T. bucinal, thiophene carboxaldehyde, trans-4-decenal, trans trans 2,4-nonadienal, undecyl aldehyde, and mixtures thereof; and an acid catalyst having a vapor pressure of about 0.01 to about 13 at 25° C. 
     In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of neutralizing malodors comprising contacting the malodor with the inventive freshening composition disclosed herein. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a graph showing the performance of the malodor control component on a sulfur-based malodor. 
         FIG. 2  is a graph showing the performance of the malodor control component on an amine-based malodor. 
         FIG. 3  is a graph showing butanethiol reduction by thiophene carboxaldehyde in combination with various acid catalysts. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The freshening composition and method of the present invention is designed to deliver genuine malodor reduction on inanimate surfaces (e.g. fabrics) and/or in the air and not function merely by using perfume to cover up or mask odors. A genuine malodor reduction provides a sensory and analytically measurable (e.g. gas chromatograph) malodor reduction. Thus, if the freshening composition delivers a genuine malodor reduction, the composition will neutralize malodors in the vapor and/or liquid phase. 
     “Malodor” refers to compounds generally offensive or unpleasant to most people, such as the complex odors associated with bowel movements. 
     “Neutralize” or “neutralization” refers to the ability of a compound or product to reduce or eliminate malodorous compounds. Odor neutralization may be partial, affecting only some of the malodorous compounds in a given context, or affecting only part of a malodorous compound. A malodorous compound may be neutralized by chemical reaction resulting in a new chemical entity, by sequestration, by chelation, by association, or by any other interaction rendering the malodorous compound less malodorous or non-malodorous. Odor neutralization may be distinguished from odor masking or odor Mocking by a change in the malodorous compound, as opposed to a change in the ability to perceive the malodor without any corresponding change in the condition of the malodorous compound. 
     I. Freshening Composition 
     The freshening composition comprises a malodor control component, a low molecular weight monohydric alcohol, and an aqueous carrier, and is essentially free of materials that soil or stain fabric. 
     A. Malodor Control Component 
     The malodor control component may include a mixture of volatile aldehydes or at least one volatile aldehyde and an acid catalyst. 
     1. Volatile Aldehydes 
     The malodor control composition includes volatile aldehydes that neutralize malodors in vapor and/or liquid phase via chemical reactions. Aldehydes that are partially volatile may be considered a volatile aldehyde as used herein. Volatile aldehydes may react with amine-based odors, following the path of Schiff-base formation. Volatiles aldehydes may also react with sulfur-based odors, forming thiol acetals, hemi thiolacetals, and thiol esters in vapor and/or liquid phase. It may be desirable for these vapor and/or liquid phase volatile aldehydes to have virtually no negative impact on the desired perfume character of a product. 
     Suitable volatile aldehydes may have a vapor pressure (VP) in the range of about 0.0001 torr to 100 torr, alternatively about (Loom torr to about 10 torr, alternatively about 0.001 torr to about 50 torr, alternatively about 0.001 torr to about 20 torr, alternatively about 0.001 torr to about 0.100 torr, alternatively about 0.001 torr to 0.06 torr, alternatively about 0.001 torr to 0.03 torr, alternatively about 0.005 torr to about 20 torr, alternatively about 0.01 torr to about 20 torr, alternatively about 0.01 torr to about 15 torr, alternatively about 0.01 torr to about 10 torr, alternatively about 0.05 torr to about 10 torr, measured at 25° C. 
     The volatile aldehydes may also have a certain boiling point (B.P.) and octanol/water partition coefficient (P). The B.P. referred to herein is measured under normal standard pressure of 760 mmHg. The B.P. of many volatile aldehydes, at standard 760 mm Hg are given in, for example, “Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals),” written and published by Steffen Arctander, 1969. 
     The octanol/water partition coefficient of a volatile aldehyde is the ratio between its equilibrium concentrations in octanol and in water. The partition coefficients of the volatile aldehydes used in the malodor control composition may be more conveniently given in the form of their logarithm to the base 10, logP. The log P values of many volatile aldehydes have been reported. See, e.g., the Pomona92 database, available from Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc. (Daylight CIS), Irvine, Calif. However, the logP values are most conveniently calculated by the “CLOGP” program, also available from Daylight CIS. This program also lists experimental logP values when they are available in the Pomona92 database. The “calculated log P” (ClogP) is determined by the fragment approach of Hansch and Leo (cf., A. Leo, in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 4, C. Hansch, P. G. Sammens, J. B. Taylor and C. A. Ramsden, Eds., p. 295, Pergamon Press, 1990). The fragment approach is based on the chemical structure of each volatile aldehyde, and takes into account the numbers and types of atoms, the atom connectivity, and chemical bonding. The ClogP values, which are the most reliable and widely used estimates for this physicochemical property, are preferably used instead of the experimental logP values in the selection of volatile aldehydes for the malodor control composition. 
     The ClogP values may be defined by four groups and the volatile aldehydes may be selected from one or more of these groups. The first group comprises volatile aldehydes that have a B.P. of about 250° C. or less and C log P of about 3 or less. The second group comprises volatile aldehydes that have a B.P. of 250° C. or less and ClogP of 3.0 or more. The third group comprises volatile aldehydes that have a B.P. of 250° C. or more and ClogP of 3.0 or less. The fourth group comprises volatile aldehydes that have a B.P. of 250° C. or more and ClogP of 3.0 or more. The malodor control composition may comprise any combination of volatile aldehydes from one or more of the ClogP groups. 
     In some embodiments, the malodor control component may comprise, by weight of the malodor control component, from about 0% to about 30% of volatile aldehydes from group 1, alternatively about 25%; and/or about 0% to about 10% of volatile aldehydes from group 2, alternatively about 10%; and/or from about 10% to about 30% of volatile aldehydes from group 3, alternatively about 30%; and/or from about 35% to about 60% of volatile aldehydes from group 4, alternatively about 35%. 
     The amount of volatile aldehydes that may be formulated in the freshening composition may be from about 0.015% to about 1%, alternatively from about 0.01% to about 0.5%, alternatively from about 0.015% to about 0.3%, by weight of the freshening composition. 
     Exemplary volatile aldehydes which may be used in a malodor control component include, but are not limited to, Adoxal (2,6,10-Trimethyl-9-undecenal), Bourgeonal (4-t-butylbenzenepropionaldehyde), Lilestralis 33 (2-methyl-4-t-butylphenyl)propanal), Cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamaldehyde (phenyl propenal, 3-phenyl-2-propenal), Citral, Geranial, Neral (dimethyloctadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al), Cyclal C (2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carbaldehyde), Florhydral (3-(3-Isopropyl-phenyl)-butyraldehyde), Citronellal (3,7-dimethyl 6-octenal), Cymal, cyclamen aldehyde, Cyclosal, Lime aldehyde (Alpha-methyl-p-isopropyl phenyl propyl aldehyde), Methyl Nonyl Acetaldehyde, aldehyde C12 MNA (2-methyl-1-undecanal), Hydroxycitronellal, citronellal hydrate (7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl octan-1-al), Helional (alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-hydrocinnamaldehyde, hydrocinnamaldehyde (3-phenylpropanal, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde), Intreleven aldehyde (undec-10-en-1-al), Ligustral, Trivertal (2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde), Jasmorange, satinaldehyde (2-methyl-3-tolylproionaldehyde, 4-dimethylbenzenepropanal), Lyral (4-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl pentyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde), Melonal (2,6-Dimethyl-5-Heptenal), Methoxy Melonal (6-methoxy-2,6-dimethylheptanal), methoxycinnamaldehyde (trans-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde), Myrac aldehyde isohexenyl cyclohexenyl-carboxaldehyde, trifernal ((3-methyl-4-phenyl propanal, 3-phenyl butanal), lilial, P.T. Bucinal, lysmeral, benzenepropanal (4-tert-butyl-alpha-methyl-hydrocinnamaldehyde), Dupical, tricyclodecylidenebutanal (4-Tricyclo5210-2,6decylidene-8butanal), Melafleur (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-naphthaldehyde), Methyl Octyl Acetaldehyde, aldehyde C-11 MOA (2-methyl deca-1-al), Onicidal (2,6,10-trimethyl-5,9-undecadien-1-al), Citronellyl oxyacetaldehyde, Muguet aldehyde 50 (3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl) oxyacetaldehyde), phenylacetaldehyde, Mefranal (3-methyl-5-phenyl pentanal), Triplal, Vertocitral dimethyl tetrahydrobenzene aldehyde (2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde), 2-phenylproprionaldehyde, Hydrotropaldehyde, Canthoxal, anisylpropanal 4-methoxy-alpha-methyl benzenepropanal (2-anisylidene propanal), Cylcemone A (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-naphthaldehyde), and Precylcemone B (1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde). 
     Still other exemplary aldehydes include, but are not limited to, acetaldehyde (ethanal), pentanal, valeraldehyde, amylaldehyde, Scentenal (octahydro-5-methoxy-4,7-Methano-1H-indene-2-carboxaldehyde), propionaldehyde (propanal), Cyclocitral, beta-cyclocitral, (2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-acetaldehyde), Iso Cyclocitral (2,4,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde), isobutyraldehyde, butyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde (3-methyl butyraldehyde), methylbutyraldehyde (2-methyl butyraldehyde, 2-methyl butanal), Dihydrocitronellal (3,7-dimethyl octan-1-al), 2-Ethylbutyraldehyde, 3-Methyl-2-butenal, 2-Methylpentanal, 2-Methyl Valeraldehyde, Hexenal (2-hexenal, trans-2-hexenal), Heptanal, Octanal, Nonanal, Decanal, Lauric aldehyde, Tridecanal, 2-Dodecanal, Methylthiobutanal, Glutaraldehyde, Pentanedial, Glutaric aldehyde, Heptenal, cis or trans-Heptenal, Undecenal (2-, 10-), 2,4-octadienal, Nonenal (2-, 6-), Decenal (2-, 4-), 2,4-hexadienal, 2,4-Decadienal, 2,6-Nonadienal, Octenal, 2,6-dimethyl 5-heptenal, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-2-hexenal, Trifernal, beta methyl Benzenepropanal, 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-acetaldehyde, phenyl Butenal (2-phenyl 2-butenal), 2.Methyl-3(p-isopropylphenyl)-propionaldehyde, 3-(p-isopropylphenyl)-propionaldehyde, p-Tolylacetaldehyde (4-methylphenylacetaldehyde), Anisaldehyde (p-methoxybenzene aldehyde), Benzaldehyde, Vernaldehyde (1-Methyl-4-(4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexenecarbaldehyde), Heliotropin (piperonal) 3,4-Methylene dioxy benzaldehyde, alpha-Amylcinnamic aldehyde, 2-pentyl-3-phenylpropenoic aldehyde, Vanillin (4-methoxy 3-hydroxy benzaldehyde), Ethyl vanillin (3-ethoxy 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde), Hexyl Cinnamic aldehyde, Jasmonal H (alpha-n-hexyl-cinnamaldehyde), Floralozone (alpha,alpha-Dimethyl-p-ethylphenylpropanal), Acalea (p-methyl-alpha-pentylcinnamaldehyde), methylcinnamaldehyde, alpha-Methylcinnamaldehyde (2-methyl 3-pheny propenal), alpha-hexylcinnamaldehyde (2-hexyl 3-phenyl propenal), Salicylaldehyde (2-hydroxy benzaldehyde), 4-ethyl benzaldehyde, Cuminaldehyde (4-isopropyl benzaldehyde), Ethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, Veratraldehyde (3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde), Syringaldehyde (3,5-dimethoxy 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde), Catechaldehyde (3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde), Safranal (2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-diene methanal), Myrtenal (pin-2-ene-1-carbaldehyde), Perillaldehyde L-4(1-methylethenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde), 2,4-Dimethyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, 2-Methyl-2-pentenal, 2-methylpentenal, pyruvaldehyde, formyl Tricyclodecan, Mandarin aldehyde, Cyclemax, Pino acetaldehyde, Corps Iris, Maceal, and Corps 4322. 
     In one embodiment, the malodor control component includes a mixture of two or more volatile aldehydes selected from the group consisting of 2-ethoxy Benzylaldehyde, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-2-hexenal, 5-methyl Furfural, 5-methyl-thiophene-carboxaldehyde, Adoxal, p-anisaldehyde, Benzylaldehyde, Bourgenal, Cinnamic aldehyde, Cymal, Decyl aldehyde, Floral super (4,8-Dimethyldeca-4,9-dienal), Florhydral, Helional, Lauric aldehyde, Ligustral, Lyral, Melonal, o-anisaldehyde, Pino acetaldehyde, P.T. Bucinal, Thiophene carboxaldehyde, trans-4-Decenal, trans trans 2,4-Nonadienal, Undecyl aldehyde, and mixtures thereof. 
     In some embodiments, the malodor control component includes fast reacting volatile aldehydes. “Fast reacting volatile aldehydes” refers to volatile aldehydes that either (i) reduce amine odors by 20% or more in less than 40 seconds; or (2) reduce thiol odors by 20% or more in less than 30 minutes. 
     In one embodiment, the malodor control component includes a mixture of the volatile aldehydes listed in Table 1 and referred to herein as Accord A. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ClogP 
                 VP(torr) 
               
               
                 Material 
                 Wt. % 
                 CAS Number 
                 Group 
                 @ 25° C. 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Intreleven Aldehyde 
                 5.000 
                 112-45-8 
                 3 
                 0.060 
               
               
                 Florhydral 
                 10.000 
                 125109-85-5 
                 4 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 Floral Super 
                 25.000 
                 71077-31-1 
                 3 
                 0.030 
               
               
                 Scentenal 
                 10.000 
                 86803-90-9 
                 2 
                 0.010 
               
               
                 Cymal 
                 25.000 
                 103-95-7 
                 4 
                 0.007 
               
               
                 o-anisaldehyde 
                 25.000 
                 135-02-4 
                 1 
                 0.032 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In another embodiment, the malodor control component includes a mixture of the volatile aldehydes listed in Table 2 and referred to herein as Accord B. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ClogP 
                 VP (torr) 
               
               
                 Material 
                 Wt. % 
                 CAS Number 
                 Group 
                 @ 25° C. 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Intreleven Aldehyde 
                 2.000 
                 112-45-8 
                 3 
                 0.060 
               
               
                 Florhydral 
                 20.000 
                 125109-85-5 
                 4 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 Floral Super 
                 10.000 
                 71077-31-1 
                 3 
                 0.030 
               
               
                 Scentenal 
                 5.000 
                 86803-90-9 
                 2 
                 0.010 
               
               
                 Cymal 
                 25.000 
                 103-95-7 
                 4 
                 0.007 
               
               
                 Floralozone 
                 10.000 
                 67634-14-4 
                 4 
                 0.005 
               
               
                 Adoxal 
                 1.000 
                 141-13-9 
                 4 
                 0.007 
               
               
                 Methyl Nonyl 
                 1.000 
                 110-41-8 
                 3 
                 0.030 
               
               
                 Acetaldehyde 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Melonal 
                 1.000 
                 106-72-9 
                 3 
                 0.670 
               
               
                 o-anisaldehyde 
                 25.000 
                 135-02-4 
                 1 
                 0.032 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In another embodiment, the malodor control component includes a mixture of about 71.2% volatile aldehydes, the remainder being other an ester and an alcohol perfume raw material. This mixture is listed in Table 3 and referred to herein as Accord C. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ClogP 
                 VP (torr) 
               
               
                 Material 
                 Wt. % 
                 CAS Number 
                 Group 
                 @ 25° C. 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Intreleven Aldehyde 
                 2.000 
                 112-45-8 
                 3 
                 0.060 
               
               
                 Florhydral 
                 10.000 
                 125109-85-5 
                 4 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 Floral Super 
                 5.000 
                 71077-31-1 
                 3 
                 0.030 
               
               
                 Scentenal 
                 2.000 
                 86803-90-9 
                 2 
                 0.010 
               
               
                 Cymal 
                 15.000 
                 103-95-7 
                 4 
                 0.007 
               
               
                 Floralozone 
                 12.000 
                 67634-14-4 
                 4 
                 0.005 
               
               
                 Adoxal 
                 1.000 
                 141-13-9 
                 4 
                 0.007 
               
               
                 Methyl Nonyl 
                 1.000 
                 110-41-8 
                 3 
                 0.030 
               
               
                 Acetaldehyde 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Melonal 
                 1.000 
                 106-72-9 
                 3 
                 0.670 
               
               
                 Flor Acetate 
                 11.800 
                 5413-60-5 
                 1 
                 0.060 
               
               
                 Frutene 
                 7.000 
                 17511-60-3 
                 4 
                 0.020 
               
               
                 Helional 
                 5.000 
                 1205-17-0 
                 2 
                 0.0005 
               
               
                 Bourgeonal 
                 2.000 
                 18127-01-0 
                 4 
                 0.004 
               
               
                 Linalool 
                 10.000 
                 78-70-6 
                 3 
                 0.050 
               
               
                 Benzaldehyde 
                 0.200 
                 100-52-7 
                 1 
                 1.110 
               
               
                 o-anisaldehyde 
                 15.000 
                 135-02-4 
                 1 
                 0.320 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Accords A, B, or C can be formulated in with other perfume raw materials in an amount, for example, of about 10% by weight of the malodor control component. Additionally, the individual volatile aldehydes or a various combination of the volatile aldehydes can be formulated into the malodor control component. In certain embodiments, the volatile aldehydes may be present in an amount up to 100%, by weight of the malodor control component, alternatively from 1% to about 100%, alternatively from about 2% to about 100%, alternatively from about 3% to about 100%, alternatively about 50% to about 100%, alternatively about 70% to about 100%, alternatively about 80% to about 100%, alternatively from about 1% to about 20%, alternatively from about 1% to about 10%, alternatively from about 2% to about 20%, alternatively from about 3% to about 20%, alternatively from about 4% to about 20%, alternatively from about 5% to about 20%. 
     In some embodiments where volatility is not important for neutralizing a malodor, the present invention may include poly-aldehydes, for example, di-, tri-, tetra-aldehydes. Such embodiments may include laundry detergents, additive, and the like, for leave-on, through the wash, and rinse-off type of applications. 
     2. Acid Catalyst 
     The malodor control component of the present invention may also include an effective amount of an acid catalyst to neutralize sulfur-based malodors. It has been found that certain mild acids have an impact on aldehyde reactivity with thiols in the liquid and vapor phase. It has been found that the reaction between thiol and aldehyde is a catalytic reaction that follows the mechanism of hemiacetal and acetal formation path. When the present malodor control composition contains an acid catalyst and contacts a sulfur-based malodor, the volatile aldehyde reacts with thiol. This reaction may form a thiol acetal compound, thus, neutralizing the sulfur-based odor. Without an acid catalyst, only hemi-thiol acetal is formed. 
     Suitable acid catalysts have a VP, as reported by Scifinder, in the range of about 0.001 torr to about 38 torr, measured at 25° C., alternatively about 0.001 torr to about 14 torr, alternatively from about 0.001 to about 1, alternatively from about 0.001 to about 0.020, alternatively about 0.005 to about 0.020, alternatively about 0.010 to about 0.020. 
     The acid catalyst may be a weak acid. A weak acid is characterized by an acid dissociation constant, K a , which is an equilibrium constant for the dissociation of a weak acid; the pKa being equal to minus the decimal logarithm of K a . The acid catalyst may have a pKa from about 4.0 to about 6.0, alternatively from about 4.3 and 5.7, alternatively from about 4.5 to about 5, alternatively from about 4.7 to about 4.9. Suitable acid catalyst include those listed in Table 4. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 VP (torr) 
               
               
                   
                 Material 
                 @ 25° C. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Formic Acid 
                 36.5 
               
               
                   
                 Acetic Acid 
                 13.9 
               
               
                   
                 Trimethyl Acetic Acid 
                 0.907 
               
               
                   
                 Phenol (alkaline in liquid apps yet 
                 0.610 
               
               
                   
                 acidic in vapor phase) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Tiglic acid 
                 0.152 
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic acid 
                 0.0222 
               
               
                   
                 5-Methyl thiophene carboxylic acid 
                 0.019 
               
               
                   
                 Succinic acid 
                 0.0165 
               
               
                   
                 Benzoic acid 
                 0.014 
               
               
                   
                 Mesitylenic acid 
                 0.00211 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     One may consider the scent character or the affect on the scent of the malodor control composition when selecting an acid catalyst. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to select an acid catalyst that provides a neutral to pleasant scent. Such acid catalysts may have a VP of about 0.001 torr to about 0.020 torr, measured at 25° C., alternatively about 0.005 torr to about 0.020 torr, alternatively about 0.010 torr to about 0.020 torr. Non-limiting examples of such acid catalyst include 5-methyl thiophene carboxaldehyde with carboxylic acid impurity, succinic acid, or benzoic acid. 
     The malodor control component may include about 0.05% to about 5%, alternatively about 0.1% to about 1.0%, alternatively about 0.1% to about 0.5%, alternatively about 0.1% to about 0.4%, alternatively about 0.4% of an acid catalyst by weight of the malodor control component. 
     In an acetic acid system, the present malodor control component may include about 0.4% of acetic acid (50:50 TC:DPM, 0.4% acetic acid). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 % Butanethiol 
               
               
                   
                 Actual % acetic 
                 reduction @ 
               
               
                 Sample Formulated 
                 acid in DPM 
                 30 min. 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 50:50 TC:DPM 0% Acetic Acid 
                 0.00 
                 12.00 
               
               
                 50:50 TC:DPM 0.05% Acetic Acid 
                 0.04 
                 14.65 
               
               
                 50:50 TC:DPM 0.1% Acetic Acid 
                 0.10 
                 25.66 
               
               
                 50:50 TC:DPM 0.2% Acetic Acid 
                 0.42 
                 34.68 
               
               
                 50:50 TC:DPM 0.5% Acetic Acid 
                 1.00 
                 24.79 
               
               
                 50:50 TC:DPM 1.0% Acetic Acid 
                 2.00 
                 7.26 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     When an acid catalyst is present with a volatile aldehyde (or RA), the acid catalyst may increase the efficacy of the volatile aldehyde on malodors in comparison to the malodor efficacy of the volatile aldehyde on its own. For example, 1% volatile aldehyde and 1.5% benzoic acid provides malodor removal benefit equal to or better than 5% volatile aldehyde alone. 
     The malodor control component may have a pH from about 3 to about 8, alternatively from about 4 to about 7, alternatively from about, alternatively from about 4 to about 6. 
     B. Buffering Agent 
     The freshening composition of the present invention includes a buffering agent which may be a dibasic acid, carboxylic acid, or a dicarboxylic acid like maleic acid. The acid may be sterically stable, and used in this composition solely for maintaining the desired pH. The freshening composition may have a pH from about 3 to about 8, alternatively from about 4 to about 7, alternatively from about 5 to about 8, alternatively from about 6 to about 8, alternatively about 6 to about 7, alternatively about 7, alternatively about 6.5. 
     Carboxylic acids such as citric acid may act as metal ion chelants and can form metallic salts with low water solubility. As such, in some embodiments, the freshening composition is essentially free of citric acids. The buffer can be alkaline, acidic or neutral. 
     Other suitable buffering agents for freshening compositions of the present invention include biological buffering agents. Some examples are nitrogen-containing materials, sulfonic acid buffers like 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) or N-(2-Acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES), which have a near neutral 6.2 to 7.5 pKa and provide adequate buffering capacity at a neutral pH. Other examples are amino acids such as lysine or lower alcohol amines like mono-, di-, and tri-ethanolamine. Other nitrogen-containing buffering agents are tri(hydroxymethyl)amino methane (HOCH2) 3 CNH 3  (TRIS), 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propane diol, 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanol, disodium glutamate, N-methyl diethanolamide, 2-dimethylamino-2-methylpropanol (DMAMP), 1,3-bis(methylamine)-cyclohexane, 1,3-diamino-propanol N,N′-tetra-methyl-1,3-diamino-2-propanol, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (bicine) and N-tris (hydroxymethyl)methyl glycine (tricine). Mixtures of any of the above are also acceptable. 
     The freshening compositions may contain at least about 0%, alternatively at least about 0.001%, alternatively at least about 0.01%, by weight of the composition, of a buffering agent. The composition may also contain no more than about 1%, alternatively no more than about 0.75%, alternatively no more than about 0.5%, by weight of the composition, of a buffering agent. 
     C. Solubilizer 
     The freshening composition of the present invention may contain a solubilizing aid to solubilize any excess hydrophobic organic materials, particularly any perfume materials, and also optional ingredients (e.g., insect repelling agent, antioxidant, etc.) which can be added to the composition, that are not readily soluble in the composition, to form a clear solution. A suitable solubilizing aid is a surfactant, such as a no-foaming or low-foaming surfactant. Suitable surfactants are nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. 
     In some embodiments, the freshening composition contains nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the freshening composition contains hydrogenated castor oil. One suitable hydrogenated castor oil that may be used in the present composition is Basophor™, available from BASF. 
     Freshening compositions containing anionic surfactants and/or detergent surfactants may make fabrics susceptible to soiling and/or leave unacceptable visible stains on fabrics as the solution evaporates off of the fabric. In some embodiments, the freshening composition is free of anionic surfactants and/or detergent surfactants. 
     When the solubilizing agent is present, it is typically present at a level of from about 0.01% to about 3%, alternatively from about 0.05% to about 1%, alternatively from about 0.01% to about 0.05%, by weight of the freshening composition. Freshening compositions with higher concentrations may make fabrics susceptible to soiling and/or leave unacceptable visible stains on fabrics as the solution evaporates off of the fabric. 
     D. Antimicrobial Compounds 
     The freshening composition of the present invention may include an effective amount of a compound for reducing microbes in the air or on inanimate surfaces. Antimicrobial compounds are effective on gram negative and gram positive bacteria and fungi typically found on indoor surfaces that have contacted human skin or pets such as couches, pillows, pet bedding, and carpets. Such microbial species include  Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Steptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella choleraesuis, Escherichia coli, Trichophyton mentagrophytes , and  Pseudomonoas aeruginosa . In some embodiments, the antimicrobial compounds are also effective on viruses such H1-N1, Rhinovirus, Respiratory Syncytial, Poliovirus Type 1, Rotavirus, Influenza A, Herpes simplex types 1 &amp; 2, Hepatitis A, and Human Coronavirus. 
     Antimicrobial compounds suitable in the freshening composition of the present invention can be any organic material which will not cause damage to fabric appearance (e.g., discoloration, coloration such as yellowing, bleaching). Water-soluble antimicrobial compounds include organic sulfur compounds, halogenated compounds, cyclic organic nitrogen compounds, low molecular weight aldehydes, quaternary compounds, dehydroacetic acid, phenyl and phenoxy compounds, or mixtures thereof. 
     In one embodiment, a quaternary compound is used. Examples of commercially available quaternary compounds suitable for use in the freshening composition is Barquat available from Lonza Corporation; and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride quat under the trade name Bardac® 2250 from Lonza Corporation. 
     The antimicrobial compound may be present in an amount from about 500 ppm to about 7000 ppm, alternatively about 1000 ppm to about 5000 ppm, alternatively about 1000 ppm to about 3000 ppm, alternatively about 1400 ppm to about 2500 ppm, by weight of the freshening composition. 
     E. Preservatives 
     The freshening composition of the present invention may include a preservative. The preservative is included in the present invention in an amount sufficient to prevent spoilage or prevent growth of inadvertently added microorganisms for a specific period of time, but not sufficient enough to contribute to the odor neutralizing performance of the freshening composition. In other words, the preservative is not being used as the antimicrobial compound to kill microorganisms on the surface onto which the composition is deposited in order to eliminate odors produced by microorganisms. Instead, it is being used to prevent spoilage of the freshening composition in order to increase the shell-life of the composition. 
     The preservative can be any organic preservative material which will not cause damage to fabric appearance, e.g., discoloration, coloration, bleaching. Suitable water-soluble preservatives include organic sulfur compounds, halogenated compounds, cyclic organic nitrogen compounds, low molecular weight aldehydes, parabens, propane diaol materials, isothiazolinones, quaternary compounds, benzoates, low molecular weight alcohols, dehydroacetic acid, phenyl and phenoxy compounds, or mixtures thereof. 
     Non-limiting examples of commercially available water-soluble preservatives for use in the present invention include a mixture of about 77% 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and about 23% 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, a broad spectrum preservative available as a 1.5% aqueous solution under the trade name Kathon® CG by Rohm and Haas Co.; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, available under the tradename Bronidox L® from Henkel; 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, available under the trade name Bronopol® from Inolex; 1,1′-hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), commonly known as chlorhexidine, and its salts, e.g., with acetic and digluconic acids; a 95:5 mixture of 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione and 3-butyl-2-iodopropynyl carbamate, available under the trade name Glydant Plus® from Lonza; N-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl) 2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N′-bis(hydroxy-methyl)urea, commonly known as diazolidinyl urea, available under the trade name Germall® II from Sutton Laboratories, Inc.; N,N″-methylenebis{N′-[1-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]urea}, commonly known as imidazolidinyl urea, available, e.g., under the trade name Abiol® from 3V-Sigma, Unicide U-13® from Induchem, Germall 115® from Sutton Laboratories, Inc.; polymethoxy bicyclic oxazolidine, available under the trade name Nuosept® C from Hüls America; formaldehyde; glutaraldehyde; polyaminopropyl biguanide, available under the trade name Cosmocil CQ® from ICI Americas, Inc., or under the trade name Mikrokill® from Brooks, Inc; dehydroacetic acid; and benzsiothiazolinone available under the trade name Koralone™ B-119 from Rohm and Hass Corporation. 
     Suitable levels of preservative are from about 0.0001% to about 0.5%, alternatively from about 0.0002% to about 0.2%, alternatively from about 0.0003% to about 0.1%, by weight of the freshening composition. 
     F. Wetting Agent 
     The freshening composition may include a wetting agent that provides a low surface tension that permits the composition to spread readily and more uniformly on hydrophobic surfaces like polyester and nylon. It has been found that the aqueous solution, without such a wetting agent will not spread satisfactorily. The spreading of the composition also allows it to dry faster, so that the treated material is ready to use sooner. Furthermore, a composition containing a wetting agent may penetrate hydrophobic, oily soil better for improved malodor neutralization. A composition containing a wetting agent may also provide improved “in-wear” electrostatic control. For concentrated compositions, the wetting agent facilitates the dispersion of many actives such as antimicrobial actives and perfumes in the concentrated aqueous compositions. 
     Nonlimiting examples of wetting agents include block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Suitable block polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polymeric surfactants include those based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and ethylenediamine as the initial reactive hydrogen compound. Polymeric compounds made from a sequential ethoxylation and propoxylation of initial compounds with a single reactive hydrogen atom, such as C 12-18  aliphatic alcohols, are not generally compatible with the cyclodextrin. Certain of the block polymer surfactant compounds designated Pluronic® and Tetronic® by the BASF-Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, Mich., are readily available. 
     Nonlimiting examples of cyclodextrin-compatible wetting agents of this type are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,714,137 and include the Silwet® surfactants available from Momentive Performance Chemical, Albany, N.Y. Exemplary Silwet surfactants are as follows: 
                                             Name   Average MW                          L-7608     600           L-7607   1,000           L-77     600           L-7605   6,000           L-7604   4,000           L-7600   4,000           L-7657   5,000           L-7602    3,000;                        
and mixtures thereof.
 
     G. Aqueous carrier 
     The freshening composition of the present invention may include an aqueous carrier. The aqueous carrier which is used may be distilled, deionized, or tap water. Water may be present in any amount for the composition to be an aqueous solution. In some embodiments, water may be present in an amount of about 85% to 99.5%, alternatively about 90% to about 99.5%, alternatively about 92% to about 99.5%, alternatively about 95%, by weight of said freshening composition. Water containing a small amount of low molecular weight monohydric alcohols, e.g., ethanol, methanol, and isopropanol, or polyols, such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, can also be useful. However, the volatile low molecular weight monohydric alcohols such as ethanol and/or isopropanol should be limited since these volatile organic compounds will contribute both to flammability problems and environmental pollution problems. If small amounts of low molecular weight monohydric alcohols are present in the composition of the present invention due to the addition of these alcohols to such things as perfumes and as stabilizers for some preservatives, the level of monohydric alcohol may about 1% to about 5%, alternatively less than about 6%, alternatively less than about 3%, alternatively less than about 1%, by weight of the freshening composition. 
     H. Other Ingredients 
     The freshening composition may include perfume raw materials that solely provide a hedonic benefit (i.e. that do not neutralize malodors yet provide a pleasant fragrance). Suitable perfumes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,135, which is incorporated in its entirety by reference. For example, the freshening composition may include a mixture of volatile aldehydes for neutralizing a malodor and hedonic perfume aldehydes. 
     Additionally, the freshening composition may include odor Mocking agents. “Odor Mocking” refers to the ability of a compound to dull the human sense of smell. 
     Where perfumes, other than the volatile aldehydes in the malodor control component, are formulated into the freshening composition of the present invention, the total amount of perfumes and volatile aldehydes in the malodor control component may be from about 0.015% to about 1%, alternatively from about 0.01% to about 0.5%, alternatively from about 0.015% to about 0.3%, by weight of the freshening composition. 
     The freshening composition may also include diluents. Exemplary diluents include dipropylene glycol methyl ether, and 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol, and mixtures thereof. 
     Adjuvants can be optionally added to the freshening composition herein for their known purposes. Such adjuvants include, but are not limited to, water soluble metallic salts, including zinc salts, copper salts, and mixtures thereof; antistatic agents; insect and moth repelling agents; colorants; antioxidants; and mixtures thereof. 
     II. Method of Use 
     The freshening composition herein can be used to neutralize malodor by distributing, e.g., by placing the aqueous solution into a dispensing means, such as a spray dispenser, and spraying an effective amount onto the desired surface or article. An effective amount as defined herein means an amount sufficient to absorb malodor to the point that it is not discernible by the human sense of smell yet not so much as to saturate or create a pool of liquid on said article or surface and so that when dry there is no visual deposit readily discernible. Distribution can be achieved by using a spray device, a roller, a pad, etc. 
     The present invention encompasses the method of spraying an effective amount of the composition for reducing malodor onto household surfaces selected from the group consisting of countertops, cabinets, walls, floors, bathroom surfaces and kitchen surfaces. 
     The present invention encompasses the method of spraying a mist of an effective amount of the composition for reducing malodor onto fabric and/or fabric articles. Such fabric and/or fabric articles include, but are not limited to, clothes, curtains, drapes, upholstered furniture, carpeting, bed linens, bath linens, tablecloths, sleeping bags, tents, car interior, e.g., car carpet, fabric car seats, etc. 
     The present invention encompasses the method of spraying a mist of an effective amount of the freshening composition for reducing malodor impression onto and into shoes wherein said shoes are not sprayed to saturation. 
     The present invention encompasses the method of spraying a mist of an effective amount of the freshening composition for reducing malodor impression onto shower curtains. 
     The present invention relates to the method of spraying a mist of an effective amount of the freshening composition for reducing malodor impression onto and/or into garbage cans and/or recycling bins. 
     The present invention relates to the method of spraying a mist of an effective amount of the freshening composition for reducing malodor impression into the air to absorb malodor. 
     The present invention relates to the method of spraying a mist of an effective amount of the freshening composition for reducing malodor impression into and/or onto major household appliances including but not limited to: refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, automatic dryers, ovens, microwave ovens, dishwashers etc., to absorb malodor. 
     The present invention relates to the method of spraying a mist of an effective amount of the freshening composition for reducing malodor impression onto cat litter, pet bedding and pet houses to absorb malodor. 
     The present invention relates to the method of spraying a mist of an effective amount of the freshening composition for reducing malodor impression onto household pets to absorb malodor. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The examples herein are meant to exemplify the present invention but are not necessarily used to limit or otherwise define the scope of the present invention. All numerical values in the below examples are weight %, by total weight of the composition unless otherwise stated. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Fabric Refreshers 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Formula 
                 Formula 
                 Formula 
                 Formula 
                 Formula 
                 Formula 
               
               
                 Ingredients 
                 I 
                 II 
                 III 
                 IV 
                 IV 
                 VI 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Water 
                 95.28 
                 95.23 
                 95.65 
                 93.73 
                 96.49 
                 97.85 
               
               
                 Monohydric 
                 3.00 
                 3.00 
                 3.00 
                 5.00 
                 3.00 
                 0.40 
               
               
                 alcohol 
               
               
                 Cyclodextrin 
                 0.50 
                 1.50 
                 — 
                 0.50 
                 — 
                 1.00 
               
               
                 Non-ionic 
                 0.30 
                 0.05 
                 0.20 
                 0.20 
                 0.23 
                 0.15 
               
               
                 surfactant 
               
               
                 Cationic 
                 0.05 
                 — 
                 0.06 
                 0.06 
                 0.10 
                 0.05 
               
               
                 surfactant 
               
               
                 Citric Acid 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.02 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.08 
               
               
                 Polyacrylic 
                 — 
                 0.10 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Acid 
               
               
                 Triethanol- 
                 0.30 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.35 
               
               
                 amine 
               
               
                 Polyethylene 
                 0.05 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.04 
                 0.04 
                 — 
               
               
                 imine 
               
               
                 Accord A 
                 0.25 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.10 
               
               
                 Accord B 
                 — 
                 0.10 
                 0.05 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Volatile 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.10 
                 0.05 
                 — 
               
               
                 aldehyde 
               
               
                 mixture 
               
               
                 Perfume 
                 0.25 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.35 
                 0.07 
                 — 
               
               
                 Preservative 
                 0.02 
                 0.02 
                 0.02 
                 0.02 
                 0.02 
                 0.02 
               
               
                 Zinc Chloride, 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.00 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 99% purity 
                   
               
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
                 100.00 
                 100.00 
                 100.00 
                 100.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
                            Air Fresheners                             Ingredients   Formula VII   Formula VIII   Formula IX                                     Water   90.82   90.24   55.09       Monohydric alcohol   5.00   5.00   3.00       Cyclodextrin   —   0.30   0.15       Non-ionic   1.10   1.20   1.00       surfactant                   Anionic surfactant   0.20   0.20   0.20       Citric Acid   —   0.05   —       Sodium Citrate   0.30   —   —       Polyacrylic Acid   0.10   0.10   —       Benzoic Acid   —   —   0.10       Compressed Gas   2.00   2.00   —       (non hydrocarbon)                   Hydrocarbon   —   —   40.00       Mixture                   Accord A   —   0.30   —       Accord B   —   —   0.45       Accord C   0.37   —   —       Perfume   0.10   0.60   —       Preservative   0.01   0.01   0.01       Total   100.00   100.00   100.00                    
Effect of Volatile Aldehydes on Amine-Based and Sulfur-Based Malodors
 
     Malodor standards are prepared by pipeting 1 mL of butylamine (amine-based malodor) and butanethiol (sulfur-based malodor) into a 1.2 liter gas sampling bag. The bag is then filled to volume with nitrogen and allowed to sit for at least 12 hours to equilibrate. 
     A 1 μL sample of each volatile aldehyde listed in Table 6 and each Accord (A, B, and C) listed in Tables 1 to 3 is pipeted into individual 10 mL silanized headspace vials. The vials are sealed and allowed to equilibrate for at least 12 hours. Repeat 4 times for each sample (2 for butylamine analysis and 2 for butanethiol analysis). 
     After the equilibration period, 1.5 mL of the target malodor standard is injected into each vial containing a volatile aldehyde or Accord sample. For thiol analysis, the samples are held at room temperature for 30 minutes prior to injection into the system. A 1 mL headspace syringe is used to inject 250 μL of each sample into the system for the thiol samples. For amine analysis, the samples are injected immediately into the system after the malodor is introduced. A 1 mL headspace syringe is used to inject 500 μL of each sample into the system for the amine samples. A GC pillow is used for the amine analysis to shorten the run times. Samples are then analyzed using a GC/MS with a DB-5, 20 m, 1 μm film thickness column with an MPS-2 autosampler equipment with static headspace function. Data is analyzed by ion extraction on each total ion current current (56 for thiol-30 for amine) and the area is used to calculate the percent reduction from the malodor standard for each sample. 
     Table 6 shows the effect of certain volatile aldehydes on neutralizing amine-based and sulfur based malodors at 40 seconds and 30 minutes, respectively. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 At least 20% 
                 At least 20% 
               
               
                   
                 butylamine 
                 butanethiol 
               
               
                   
                 reduction at 40 
                 reduction at 30 
               
               
                 Perfume Raw Material (R—CHO) 
                 seconds? 
                 minutes? 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 2,4,5 Trimethoxy Benzaldehyde 
                 No 
                 No 
               
               
                 2,4,6-Trimethoxy-benzylaldehyde 
                 No 
                 No 
               
               
                 2-ethoxy benzylaldehyde 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-2-hexenal 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 2-methyl-3-(2-furyl)-propenal 
                 No 
                 No 
               
               
                 3,4,5 Trimethoxy Benzaldehyde 
                 No 
                 No 
               
               
                 3,4-Trimethoxy-benzylaldehyde 
                 No 
                 No 
               
               
                 4-tertbutyl benzylaldehyde 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 5-methyl furfural 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 5-methyl-thiophene-carboxaldehyde 
                 No 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 Adoxal 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Amyl cinnamic aldehyde 
                 No 
                 No 
               
               
                 Benzylaldehyde 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Bourgenal 
                 No 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 Cinnamic aldehyde 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 Citronelyl Oxyacetaldehyde 
                 No 
                 No 
               
               
                 Cymal 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Decyl aldehyde 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Floral Super 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 Florhydral 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 Floralozone 
                 No 
                 No 
               
               
                 Helional 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Hydroxycitronellal 
                 No 
                 No 
               
               
                 Lauric aldehyde 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Ligustral 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Lyral 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Melonal 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Methyl nonyl acetaldehyde 
                 No 
                 No 
               
               
                 o-anisaldehyde 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 p-anisaldehyde 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Pino acetaldehyde 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 P.T. Bucinal 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Thiophene Carboxaldehyde 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Trans-4-decenal 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 Trans Trans 2,4-Nonadienal 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                 Undecyl aldehyde 
                 Yes 
                 No 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 7 shows the percent reduction of butylamine and butaniethiol at 40 seconds and 30 minutes, respectively, for Accords A, B, and C. 
                             TABLE 7                   % reduction of butylamine   % reduction of butanethiol       Accord   at 40 secs.   at 30 mins.                  Accord A   76.58   25.22       Accord B   51.54   35.38       Accord C   65.34   24.98                    
Effect of Acid Catalysts on Sulfur-Based Malodors
 
     Malodor standards are prepared by pipeting 1 mL of butanethiol (sulfur-based malodor) into a 1.2 liter gas sampling bag. The bag is then filled to volume with nitrogen and allowed to sit for at least 12 hours to equilibrate. 
     A 1 μL aliquot of each of the following samples are pipeted into individual 10 mL silanized headspace vials in duplicate. The following samples were analyzed: Thiophene carboxyaldehyde as a control, and a 50/50 mixture of Thiophene Carboxaldehyde and each of the following acid catalysts, at 0.04%, at 0.10%, at 0.43% in DPM, at 1.02% in DPM, and at 2.04% in DPM, is pipeted into individual 10 mL silanized headspace vials: phenol, mesitylenic acid, caprylic acid, succinic acid, pivalic acid, tiglic acid, and benzoic acid. The vials are sealed and allowed to equilibrate for at least 12 hours. 
     After the equilibration period, 1.5 mL of the target malodor standard is injected into each vial containing a sample. The samples are held at room temperature for 30 minutes prior to injection. Samples are then analyzed using a GC/MS with a DB-5, 20 m, 1 μm film thickness column with an MPS-2 autosampler utilizing static headspace function. A 1 mL headspace syringe is used to inject 250 μL of each sample into the system. As with the samples, a repetition of at least 2 of the malodor standard is run according to the respective method. Data is analyzed by ion extraction on each total ion current current (56 for thiol), and the area is used to calculate the % reduction from the malodor standard for each acid catalyst sample. 
       FIG. 3  demonstrates that low vapor pressure acid catalysts provide up to 3 times better reduction of sulfur-based malodors in comparison to the control 
     Throughout this specification, components referred to in the singular are to be understood as referring to both a single or plural of such component. 
     Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical range were all expressly written herein. For example, a stated range of “1 to 10” should be considered to include any and all subranges between (and inclusive of) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, all subranges beginning with a minimum value of 1 or more and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less, e.g., 1 to 6.1, 3.5 to 7.8, 5.5 to 10, etc. 
     Further, the dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.” 
     Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests, or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern. 
     While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is, therefore, intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.