Patent Publication Number: US-8523664-B2

Title: Machine having a card processing assembly

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
     This application is a continuation of, and claims priority to and the benefit of, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/358,882, filed on Jan. 23, 2009, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,070,594 on Dec. 6, 2011, which is a continuation of, and claims priority to and the benefit of, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/661,229, filed on Sep. 12, 2003, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,494,414 on Feb. 24, 2009, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application relates to the following commonly owned co-pending patent applications: “BEZEL INTERFACE FOR A CARD LOADING SYSTEM,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/983,771, “CARD LOADING SYSTEM FOR A DATA CARD UNIT,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/983,772, “MACHINE HAVING A CARD PROCESSING ASSEMBLY,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/156,875, “MACHINE HAVING A CARD PROCESSING ASSEMBLY,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/156,892, “GAMING DEVICE INCLUDING A CARD PROCESSING ASSEMBLY HAVING VERTICALLY-STACKED CARD HOLDERS OPERABLE WITH THERMALLY-PRINTABLE DATA CARDS AND PORTABLE CARD CHANGEOVER MACHINES,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/290,475, and “CIRCULATING DATA CARD APPARATUS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,” U.S. application Ser. No. 11/927,420. 
     COPYRIGHT NOTICE 
     A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains or may contain material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the photocopy reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure in exactly the form it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. 
     DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention relates in general to a gaming device, and more particularly to a gaming device having a card management system for managing circulating data cards. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Contemporary gaming machines, such as slot machines, poker machines, blackjack machines and keno machines, generally are adapted to accept paper currency (such as dollar bills) and tokens or coins (such as quarters and half dollars) from a player. For instance, a player may purchase dollar tokens from a cashier and insert the tokens into the gaming device to play a game. If a player earns a payout, the gaming device provides additional credits for the player or dispenses the appropriate number of tokens to the player. The player may cash in the tokens at the cashier for currency. 
     The use of coins and tokens has several disadvantages. Because each token represents a relatively small amount of currency, a player typically handles a plurality of tokens. It is typical for a gaming device to dispense a handful of tokens to a player for a typical win. The supply and handling of tokens in a gaming facility requires substantial labor, storage space and security procedures. Also, containers are typically provided to players for carrying tokens from place to place. Dirt and germs tend to accumulate on the containers and the tokens as they circulate from player to player. The high number of tokens and containers thus contribute to colds and other health conditions. With the advance of electronics, several techniques have been developed as an alternative for tokens, coins and paper currency in gaming machines. Several U.S. patents disclose cashless or tokenless systems. 
     For instance, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,265,874 and 6,089,982 disclose data cards which are player-specific, meaning they can only be used by a single, specified player. For example, player ID cards store player-specific data such as a player&#39;s name and account number. U.S. Pat. No. 5,265,874 discloses a cashless gaming apparatus and method suitable for casinos wherein a player gives money and an ID card to a clerk at a validation terminal. The clerk stores the ID number and the amount of money in the memory of the validation terminal. The clerk returns the ID card to the player for operating any one of a number of game terminals. When the player inserts the ID card into a game terminal which reads the player&#39;s ID card, the cash amount from the validation terminal is downloaded to the game terminal and the game terminal can be played. If the player wishes to play a second game terminal, the player actuates a cash-out switch on the first game terminal and receives the ID card. The player moves to the second game terminal and inserts the ID card into the second game terminal. The money remaining as a cash amount on the ID card is downloaded to the second game terminal. The player can then play the second game terminal. When the player wishes to stop playing the game terminals completely, the player actuates the cash-out switch of the last game terminal played and receives the ID card. The player presents his ID card to the clerk at the validation terminal and the validation terminal reads the ID card. A ticket showing the card number and the cash amount is printed and the player is paid the cash amount on the spot. The printed ticket is used for reconciliation. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,089,982 discloses a cordless video game system which includes a plurality of electronic video game terminals, a game server corresponding to each player terminal and a central control network for administering and controlling games and playing accounts. A player initially establishes a player account in the central control network and receives a player ID card bearing the player&#39;s account number and other relevant information. Players use these ID cards to establish sessions at a player terminal. The server provides a random number to each player terminal at predefined intervals to determine wins and losses for each game selected by a player. Wagered amounts are then debited or credited to a player&#39;s account in the central control network. Players may redeem any account balance from a cashier associated with the central control network. 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,038,022; 5,902,983; 5,952,640; 5,959,277 and 6,019,283 disclose the use of financial cards (such as bank debit cards and credit cards). U.S. Pat. No. 5,038,022 discloses an apparatus for enabling a gaming machine to provide credit to a player operating the machine without the player leaving the machine. The gaming machine has a card reader associated with it for reading a debit card or credit card and transmitting player related financial data to a remote location for approval. A first code identifies the particular gaming machine and a second code identifies the establishment in which the gaming machine is located. A visual display on the gaming machine indicates the amount of credit approved and usable by the player and enables the player to operate the gaming machine to use the credit. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,902,983 discloses a gaming machine which includes the apparatus necessary to send requests to and receive authorizations from an electronic funds transfer (EFT) system. All such requests for credit are limited to a preset amount, so that when a player uses an EFT transfer to obtain playing credit, the credit will be limited to a specified amount. In practice, the player inserts his or her ATM card (debit card), keys in a personal identification number (PIN), requests playing credits and receives the preset amount of credit which can be converted to play on the gaming machine. 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,952,640; 5,959,277 and 6,019,283, which are related patents, disclose a gaming machine system wherein a player feeds a general purpose charge card such as a VISA, MasterCard or American Express card to a reader at a gaming machine or enters on a keyboard or other input device information relating to the general purpose charge card, keys in a desired amount of playing credit and optionally a personal identification number (PIN) for automatic transmission to a remote financial institution (VISA or other charge card facility) either directly or through an intermediate transaction processing facility. Also transmitted are an identification of the gaming machine and the gaming operator. Upon approval of the requested playing credit, the gaming machine is enabled and thereafter a running net (balance) is kept for the player and/or each machine and/or the gaming operator by accounting for win-lose-draws. After the playing session is over, net playing credit information is automatically transmitted to the financial institution either directly or through an intermediate transaction processing facility so that the entire playing session can be a single line item on the player&#39;s regular statement from that financial institution. 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,880,237; 5,371,345; 6,012,832; 6,048,269 and 6,113,098 disclose systems and devices other than a gaming device data card, such as a player keypad used to initiate a game, change-making cards for gaming facilities and tickets and slips used in gaming devices. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,880,237 discloses a slot machine requiring no game media at all and comprising a game data processing unit which is provided with an input unit for specific data, a storage unit, an arithmetic processing unit, a printer, a display and a slot machine body which is provided with a pattern display mechanism, a starting lever, stopping buttons, a win decision unit and a display for the input data and the results of arithmetic processing. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,371,345 discloses a gaming machine change system wherein providing change to gaming machine players is facilitated by the use of a change card having a memory storing a cash value which a change person can use to input a credit into a gaming machine in exchange for cash from a player. A game monitor unit having a card reader, a keypad and a display is attached to the gaming machine and can be used to authorize and transfer a selected cash value to the credit meter of the gaming machine from the change card. Cash values along with authorizations and security codes are input to the change card at a change station utilizing a similar monitor unit. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,012,832 discloses a cashless peripheral device connecting to a gaming system. The gaming system issues a “cash-out” signal when a player quits playing and receives a “cash-in” when a player desires to play a game. A stack of continuous unprinted tickets is stored in the interior of the device. A ticket printer prints a coded value, such as a bar code, on a ticket in response to a cash-out signal from the gaming system. A ticket reader reads the amount printed on the ticket. If the printed value corresponds to the value which should have been printed, a ticket-out transport delivers the printed ticket to the player cashing out from the gaming system. When a player inserts the ticket into the device, a ticket-in transport senses the insertion and the ticket reader reads the coded value from the inserted printed ticket. The ticket reader issues a cash-in signal to the gaming system corresponding to the value read from the coded value on the inserted printed ticket. After reading, the ticket is delivered into a ticket bin, which is secured by means of a lock internally in the housing. The tickets are not reused and the ticket bins are opened periodically for emptying and ticket verification. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,048,269 discloses a gaming apparatus such as a slot machine capable of accepting either paper currency, preprinted coupons or cash-out slips. The slot machine also includes a printer that prints and dispenses cash-out slips which include a bar code representing a unique identification that provides the amount of “winnings.” The cash-out slips can be scanned into a separate currency dispenser at a cashier&#39;s station for receiving currency, either from the dispenser or from an attendant. A central processing unit generates the unique codes for regulating the game to be played, the wager limits of the game and the validity of the free play coupons on the cash-out tickets. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,113,098 discloses gaming devices which dispense tickets which are supplemental to the gaming award. The gaming devices provide gaming awards, typically in a form selected from the group consisting of coins, currency, credits or redeemable tickets in response to a randomly determined event, and also provide supplemental tickets. 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,764,666; 4,882,473 and 5,276,312 disclose the use of data cards with remote terminals in an on-line wagering system. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,764,666 and 4,882,473, which are related patents, disclose an on-line wagering system with programmable game entry cards including cards having on-card data storage or value tokens and data uniquely related to the player. The player cards are operable as payment means in which the tokens are spent and as play validation and play entry means in lieu of mark sense slips and printed validation receipts. Demographic player data uniquely related to the owner of the card is stored on the card and possibly in the central wagering system memory. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,276,312 discloses a wagering system for random drawing lotteries which includes a central data processor managing acceptance of player entries and payout authorization. Remote agent terminals receive player entry data from players and process authorized payouts. Portable agent data modules having an on-board memory and security provisions are issued to the agents and carry data in both directions between the central data processor and the terminals. Preferably, the agent modules included in the wagering system are integrated circuit cards or “smart cards.” 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,575,374 discloses gaming machines having electronic payment mechanisms. The conventional payment mechanism is replaced by a payment mechanism operated by tokens that are secured by contact-free detection. The machine is furthermore provided with a second payment mechanism operated by a chip card. Switching makes it possible to change over from the token operated payment mechanism to the chip card operated payment mechanism when a card is inserted into the corresponding payment mechanism. 
     This patent does not disclose a gaming device adapted to store or hold a plurality of data cards for future use, nor does this patent disclose data cards adapted for circulation throughout gaming devices and gaming device players. 
     Though the aforementioned systems and devices may provide an electronic alternative to tokens, they fail to disclose a gaming device which receive, store and dispense data cards to facilitate the recirculation of such cards similar to the circulation of tokens or coins. The player-specific cards require a player to open an account and permanently keep a card. The replacement costs for these types of cards can be relatively high because players tend to lose or dispose cards after the balance becomes zero, and also players do not always carry the cards with them. If they want to spontaneously play a gaming device, they must obtain a replacement card. In addition, many players do not wish to open an account and disclose their personal information. The other systems discussed above, such as the ticket systems, require a continuous replenishing of the materials needed to produce the tickets and also require substantial maintenance of such systems. The player-specific cards described above also do not allow all players to play anonymously. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention overcomes the above shortcomings by providing a gaming device having a card management system which enables the gaming device to receive, read, update, reset, store and dispense a plurality of circulating data cards. 
     The data card of the present invention has the capacity to be repeatedly reset. Although the data card is preferably in the shape of a wallet-sized card, the data card can include any suitable card, key, tag, item, object, physical instrument or other article which is capable of storing memory, data or information. The term “reset” and any suffix thereof, as used herein, includes the process of changing or otherwise bringing to a blank state or a particular charged state (from another state). The term “state,” as used herein, includes the condition corresponding to the storage of particular data, such as cash data, fund data or credit unit data. The credit data, credit unit data or fund data can include data which identifies locations in a memory device which stores different amounts of credit units, cash or money. Accordingly, a data card which stores no data or credit unit data, is at times described herein as having a blank state or being a blank data card. A data card can also store certain no-fund data when the player has no balance of funds or cash. Here, the data card can be described as having a blank state. Also, a data card which stores certain data or credit unit data is at times described herein as having a charged state or being a charged or re-charged data card. When a data card is changed from one state to another state, the data on the data card is at times described herein in terms of having been updated, written, rewritten, erased, reset, stored, reduced, increased or adjusted. The term “credit unit,” as used herein includes data used to measure or track gaming credits, such as the number “1” associated with a single credit. 
     In one embodiment, the fund data stored on the data card includes fund tracking data. The fund tracking data on the data card includes a particular address, number, number combination or other code. The pay validation system or pay system described below includes a database of different levels of funds or cash associated with a plurality of different codes. As described below, the pay system reads the particular fund code stored on the data card, determines the cash amount corresponding to such fund code and provides this cash amount to the player. 
     In one embodiment, the data card includes a graphics recording medium or strip on the front side. The data card includes a magnetic memory strip on the back side. The gaming device&#39;s thermal writer records erasable graphics, such as text, on the graphics recording strip. When certain events occur, the gaming device&#39;s thermal eraser erases the graphics on the graphics recording strop. 
     In addition, the gaming device&#39;s magnetic reader-writer reads the data on the magnetic memory strip. The magnetic reader-writer also stores certain data on the magnetic memory strip when certain events occur. 
     In one embodiment, the gaming device includes a card management system having: one or more card read-write devices for receiving, reading, updating and dispensing data cards; a card transporter for moving or conveying data cards within the gaming device; and one or more card holders for holding or storing data cards. The gaming device processor controls the operation of these components. It should be appreciated that this gaming device processor can be a processor dedicated to data card management, or it can be the processor which generally operates the gaming device. 
     The card read-write device enables the gaming device processor to electronically communicate with the data card for reading, updating or resetting credit unit data on a data card. In one embodiment, a data exchange card read-write device includes an interface which makes direct contact with the data card, and through conduction or magnetism, enables communication. However, the interface can also enable the processor and the data card to communicate without such physical contact. It should be appreciated that the gaming device of the present invention can include data exchange card read-write devices which enable processors to read and write data, or the gaming device can include card read devices and card write devices which separately enable processors to read and write data. 
     In another embodiment, the gaming device includes a graphics write-erase device in addition to the data exchange read-write device. The graphics write-erase device thermally records erasable graphics on the data card. When certain events occur, the graphics write-erase device thermally erases graphics on the data card. The graphics recorded on the card is player readable or visible. 
     The card transporter moves the data cards to and from the card read-write device and to and from the card holder. In one embodiment, the card transporter includes a path for conveying data cards to the card holder and a path for conveying data cards to the card read-write device. 
     The card holder enables the card transporter to store and retrieve data cards. In one embodiment, the gaming device of the present invention includes a plurality of card holders designated for a plurality of different types of data cards. In one embodiment, the card holder includes a feeder for retrieving cards from the holder and feeding them to the transport. In another embodiment, the card holder includes an opening and closing chute which drops cards into a card tray. It should be appreciated that other card holder embodiments can include rollers which hold and release data cards or other mechanisms suitable for holding or storing data cards and enabling the gaming device to dispense the data cards upon the occurrence of certain events. 
     In one embodiment, when the gaming device receives a data card, the gaming device processor, using the card read-write device, reads the data card to determine how much cash is associated with the card. Then the gaming device processor stores certain credit unit data on the memory of the gaming device. This credit unit data is associated with the cash amount of the card. The processor then, using the card read-write device, resets the data card, bringing it to a predetermined state (such as a blank state or face value state). Then the gaming device processor causes the transporter to move this (now) reset data card to the card holder where a plurality of other data cards are stored. 
     The gaming device memory, in one embodiment, includes a computer program which instructs the gaming device processor how to operate the gaming device with the use of circulating data cards. In one embodiment, this computer program generally instructs the gaming device to accept currency or charged data cards, enable players to play games and either dispense charged data cards to players or reset and retain data cards, depending upon which events occur during the game. 
     The processor uses the gaming device memory to keep track of the player&#39;s credit balance and cash balance as the player plays the game. In one embodiment, if the player uses or exhausts all of the credit units, the game terminates and the gaming device does not dispense a data card to the player. However, if the player who inserted the data card cashes out or terminates the game before having lost all credits, the gaming device moves the data card from the card holder to the card read-write device. There the processor stores credit unit data on that data card which corresponds to the amount of remaining credits which, in turn, corresponds to an amount of cash. The gaming device then dispenses the data card to the player. In another embodiment, the gaming device receives a data card with a certain amount of credit units and dispenses this same data card back to the player if credits remain when the player cashes out. It should be appreciated that the gaming device of the present invention can include alternate, suitable techniques for reusing, resetting, updating and manipulating data cards within the gaming device. 
     The gaming device processor or a currency station can reset the data cards repeatedly so that a single population of circulating data cards can serve different players at different times. The data card of the present invention is universal, meaning that it can be used by different players at different times. 
     Though in one embodiment the gaming device of the present invention can receive currency (as described below), the gaming device need not receive currency. In such a non-currency embodiment, players are required to obtain data cards or tokens from currency stations in order to play the gaming device. A currency station can include: (a) a machine or device which automatically exchanges currency and data cards; or (b) one or more currency station operators or cashiers who exchange currency and data cards. In one embodiment, after players have finished playing, all reset data cards will remain in the gaming devices and players will take charged data cards to a currency station for redemption. Preferably, periodically a gaming enterprise employee redistributes reset data cards which have accumulated in gaming devices and currency stations in order to maintain a relatively even distribution of reset data cards in the desired places. This embodiment may be most useful to gaming enterprises which have a policy against storing currency or cash on the “floor.” 
     It should be appreciated that although the gaming device processor is at times described herein as that which changes data on the data card, a data card processor alone (described below) or communication between the gaming device processor and a data card processor can change data on the data card as well. 
     In one embodiment, the data card includes an integrated circuit or chip, as described below. The integrated circuit includes a data card processor and one or more memory devices or members. These types of data cards are commercially available from a variety of data card manufacturing companies and can be programmed for different purposes. Preferably, the data card in this embodiment includes retain code stored in its memory. When the data card has reached a predetermined state (such as a blank state or a particular face value) or when a player reaches a certain credit balance (such as zero), the retain code instructs the gaming device processor to cause the gaming device to keep or retain the data card provided by the player. 
     In alternative embodiments, the data card of the present invention does not include an integrated circuit or chip. Instead, the data card includes any suitable device, code or member (such as a magnetic or optical bar or strip) which enables the gaming device processor to use the read-write device to read, change and reset the data stored on the data card. 
     In operation of one example, a player provides currency or cash to a currency station and in exchange receives a data card A with a cash identifier or cash data corresponding to the amount of currency the player deposited. The player uses that data card A to play a gaming device. If the player cashes out or voluntarily terminates the game with credits remaining, the gaming device dispenses that data card to the player with fund data or cash data corresponding to the amount of remaining cash. If, on the other hand, the player loses all credits while playing the game, the gaming device retains data card A, resets it and stores it for future use. This reset data card A can be used again by the same player or other players in a variety of scenarios. 
     In one embodiment, another player can play the same gaming device by inserting currency or a data card B into the gaming device. If this player cashes out with credits remaining, the gaming device processor can then reset and retain data card B and also rewrite and dispense data card A to the player upon the occurrence of certain events. In another embodiment, a gaming enterprise employee can move the reset data card A (along with other accumulated reset data cards) to a currency station for future charging. 
     In one embodiment, the gaming device of the present invention includes a card management assembly having: (a) a card processing bay or station; (b) a used card holder; and (c) a new card holder. The card processing station includes a plurality of devices for magnetically reading and writing to the data card, thermally printing or recording erasable player-specific graphics on the data card and thermally erasing the erasable player-specific graphics on the data card. Upon certain events, the gaming device retains the data cards provided by players, erases them and stores them in the used card holder for future use. Upon certain events, the gaming device retrieves cards from the used card holder for use by players. If the used card holder is empty, the gaming device retrieves new cards from the new card holder for use by players. 
     The gaming device of the present invention can receive, update, reset, erase, house and dispense circulating data cards which can be reset repeatedly. In one embodiment, gaming device processors or currency station processors, using read-write devices, repeatedly reset the data cards after players have used them. This type of gaming device provides players and gaming enterprises with an increased level of convenience and efficiency in playing gaming devices and managing gaming facilities, respectively. 
     It is therefore an advantage of the present invention to provide a gaming device having a card management system for the management of circulating data cards. 
     Another advantage of the present invention to enable players to play gaming devices with data cards which can circulate throughout a plurality of gaming devices, can be used by a plurality of different players and can display erasable player-specific information. 
     Yet another advantage of the present invention is to provide increased convenience for operating gaming devices. 
     Still another advantage of the present invention is to provide increased convenience for managing gaming facilities. 
     Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a data card alternative to the token which circulates and which alone has the capacity to represent a plurality of credits or an amount of cash corresponding to credits. 
     Yet another advantage of the present invention is to reduce the number of items circulating through gaming devices and players. 
     Still another advantage of the present invention is to enable gaming device players to receive data cards from gaming devices upon the occurrence of certain events. 
     Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming device which enables different players to play games at different times by inserting the same data card. 
     Yet another advantage of the present invention is to provide a data card usable with a gaming device which can be reset and reused repeatedly by different players on different occasions. 
     Still another advantage of the present invention is to provide a data card usable with a gaming device which signals the gaming device to retain the data card when the data card reaches a predetermined state. 
     Another advantage of the present invention is to decrease the amount of storage space required in gaming facilities and gaming devices to accommodate tokens. 
     Yet another advantage of the present invention is to reduce gaming device card and ticket waste. 
     Still another advantage of the present invention is to reduce gaming device card replacement costs. 
     Another advantage of the present invention is to reduce the amount of labor associated with the circulation of tokens and coins in gaming facilities. 
     Yet another advantage of the present invention is to assist players in keeping track of the monetary or purse value of their gaming device cards or data cards. 
     Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed disclosure, taken in conjunction with the accompanying sheets of drawings, wherein like numerals refer to like parts, elements, components, steps and processes. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a gaming device having a card management assembly for managing data cards in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2A  is a schematic diagram illustrating a gaming device receiving, reading, resetting and storing a data card in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2B  is a schematic diagram illustrating a gaming device retrieving a data card from its card holder and writing upon and dispensing the data card in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram illustrating a gaming device in one embodiment of the present invention having the capacity to receive, read, update and dispense a data card and to receive, read, reset and store a data card. 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram illustrating the circulation of a single data card through a plurality of gaming devices in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a graph of an example of multiple players using a single data card which changes between a blank state and a charged state on multiple occasions. 
         FIG. 6  is a graph of an example of multiple players using a single data card which changes between a face value charged state and a different charged state on multiple occasions. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram of a gaming device having a card management assembly for managing cards in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a top perspective view of a card management assembly in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is an exploded top perspective view of the card management assembly of  FIG. 8  in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic side elevation view of the card management assembly of  FIG. 8  in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a top or plan view of the front side or face of a data card in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a top or plan view of a backside of the data card of  FIG. 11  in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic block diagram of the electronic configuration of a data card in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 14A  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a gaming device of the present invention. 
         FIG. 14B  is a perspective view of another embodiment of a gaming device of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15A  is a schematic block diagram of the electronic configuration of a gaming device in one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15B  is a schematic block diagram illustrating a plurality of gaming terminals in communication with a central controller. 
         FIG. 15C  is a schematic block diagram illustrating a plurality of gaming devices in communication with a pay validation system and a plurality of gaming devices in communication with a clerk validation termination which, in turn, is in communication with a pay validation system. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     I. General Card Management System 
     A. Card Management Assembly 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , in one embodiment of the present invention a gaming device  10   a  includes a card management system having a card management assembly  11   a ; one or more data exchange card read-write devices  12  for receiving, updating, reading and dispensing data cards  14 ; a card transporter  16  for moving or conveying data cards  14  within the gaming device; one or more card holders  18  for holding or storing data cards  14 ; and a processor  20  which controls the operation of the card read-write device  12 , the card transporter  16  and the card holder  18 . 
     The card read-write device  12 , in this embodiment, includes a gaming device interface (not shown) which enables the gaming device processor  20  to electronically communicate with the data card  14 . Using the gaming device interface, the processor  20  reads, updates or resets credit or cash identification data on a data card  14 , depending upon which events occur during a game. Preferably, the gaming device interface directly contacts the data card  14 , and through conduction or magnetism, enables communication. However, the gaming device interface can also include a device which enables the processor  20  and the data card  14  to communicate without such direct contact, preferably through the use of magnetic field technology. In one embodiment, instead of including a card read-write device, the present invention includes a card read device and a card write device 
     The card transporter  16 , in one embodiment, includes a plurality of rollers  22  which, under the control of the processor  20 , move data card  14  to and from the card read-write device  12  and to and from the card holder  18 . The rollers  22  rotate at a predetermined rate and in a predetermined direction so as to move data cards  14  to their destinations. Preferably, the card transporter  16  includes a path  16   a  for conveying data cards  14  to the card holder  18  and a path  16   b  for conveying data cards  14  to the card read-write device  12 . It should be appreciated that the card transporter  16  can include any mechanism or set of mechanisms which can transport data cards  14 , whether or not rollers are included. 
     The card holder  18 , in one embodiment, includes at least one spring  24  which compresses the data cards and a feeder  26  adapted to feed a single data card  14  from the card holder  18  into the rollers  22  of the transport  16 . It should be appreciated that the card holder  18  can include any mechanism or set of mechanisms which enables the card transporter  16  to store and retrieve data cards  14 . For example, the card holder could include a chute (not shown) which, when closed, stores data cards and when opened enables a single data card to drop into a card tray (not shown) for collection by a player. In yet another embodiment, the card holder can include one or more rollers or wheels which can selectively hold and release data cards. The wheels may rotate upon the occurrence of predetermined events to feed particular data cards to a card transporter or directly to a card tray. It should be appreciated that the card holder of the present invention can include any mechanism capable of holding or storing a plurality of data cards and enabling the gaming device to dispense the data cards to players. 
     In one embodiment, the gaming device of the present invention includes a plurality of card holders designated for holding different types of data cards (such as data cards with integrated circuits, magnetic cards, optical cards, used cards and unused or new cards). Here, the data exchange card read-write device enables the gaming device processor to read and write machine readable data to different types of cards for those gaming devices which accommodate different types of data cards. In any case in this embodiment, players can use different types of circulating data cards to play the gaming device. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 2A and 2B , in one embodiment gaming device  10   b  includes a card management assembly  11   b  for receiving a data card  14   a.  Here, the gaming device processor, using the read-write device, reads the data card  14   a  and stores the credit unit data on that card in the memory of the gaming device as described below and as indicated by block  28 . The processor then resets the data card  14   a , bringing it to a predetermined state (such as a blank state or face value state), also as indicated by block  28 . Then the gaming device processor causes the transport to move this (now) reset data card  14   a  to the card holder  18  where a plurality of other data cards are stored. 
     The processor uses the gaming device memory to keep track of the player&#39;s credit units and cash balance as the player plays the game. If the player uses or exhausts all of the credit units, the game terminates and the gaming device does not dispense a data card to the player. However, if the player who inserted the data card  14   a  cashes out or terminates the game and has credits, the gaming device processor causes the feeder  26  to feed a data card  14   a  from the card holder  18  to the transport for conveyance to the card read-write device. There the processor stores data on that data card  14   b  which corresponds to or is associated with the amount of remaining credits or cash balance, by writing data as indicated by block  30 . The gaming device  10   b  then dispenses the data card  14   b  to the player. 
     The gaming device processor, in one embodiment, uses a computer program to operate the gaming device in conjunction with circulating data cards. The computer program can be stored in any memory or data storage device. The storage device can include software and/or hardware, including, without limitation, any tape or any disk, such as a CD-ROM, floppy disk, hard disk or any other optical or magnetic disk. 
     In one embodiment, the computer program instructs the gaming device processor to cause the gaming device to: (a) receive a certain amount of currency; (b) designate for a player a certain amount of credits which corresponds to the amount of currency received; (c) initiate a game; (d) enable the player to gain and lose credits while playing the game; (e) track any credit gains and losses; (f) terminate the game after the player cashes out or after the player loses a certain amount of credits; (g) retrieve a data card from the card holder; (h) change data on the retrieved data card; and (i) dispense the data card to the player. 
     In another embodiment, the computer program instructs the gaming device processor to cause the gaming device to: (a) receive a certain amount of currency; (b) designate for a player a certain amount of credits which corresponds to the amount of currency received; (c) initiate a game; (d) enable the player to gain and lose credits while playing the game; (e) track any credit gains and losses; (f) terminate the game after the player cashes out or after the player loses a certain amount of credits; (g) retrieve a blank data card from the card holder; (h) change data the blank data card to a charged data card; and (i) dispense the charged data card to the player. 
     In yet another embodiment, the computer program instructs the gaming device processor to cause the gaming device to: (a) receive a data card having credit unit data or other data corresponding to or associated with a certain amount of credit units or cash; (b) designate for a player a certain amount of credits which corresponds to such data stored on the received data card; (c) initiate a game; (d) enable the player to gain and lose credits while playing the game; (f) track any credit gains and losses; (g) terminate the game after the player cashes out or after the player loses a certain amount of credits; (h) reset the received data card; (i) move the received data card to the card holder; (j) retrieve a data card from the card holder; (k) change data on the retrieved data card; and (l) dispense the retrieved data card to the player. 
     In another embodiment, the computer program instructs the gaming device processor to cause the gaming device to: (a) receive a data card having credit unit data or other data corresponding to or associated with a certain amount of credit units or cash; (b) designate for a player a certain amount of credits which corresponds to such data stored on the received data card; (c) initiate a game; (d) enable the player to gain and lose credits while playing the game; (e) track any credit gains and losses; (f) terminate the game after the player cashes out or after the player loses a certain amount of credits; (g) update the received data card; and (h) dispense the received data card to the player. 
     In one embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , gaming device  10   c  includes a card management assembly  11   c  for receiving data card  14   c  with data associated with a certain amount of credit units or cash and dispensing this same data card  14   c  back to the player if credits remain when the player cashes out. If the player loses all of his/her credits, the gaming device processor resets data card. The processor then causes the transport to move data card  14   c  to the card holder for storage and future dispensing. If, on the other hand, when the player cashes out or terminates the game, a certain amount of credit remains, the gaming device processor updates the data on the data card  14   c  to correspond to the amount of credits or cash possessed by the player at the point of cash out, as indicated by block  32 . Preferably, the updating is accomplished by writing data, as described below. In any case, gaming device  10   c  then dispenses this data card  14   c  to the player with the data associated with the player&#39;s balance of appropriate credit or cash. It should be appreciated that the card may be retained in the card read-write device or in the card holder while the player plays the gaming device. 
     The embodiments described in  FIGS. 2A ,  2 B and  3  include techniques which gaming devices may employ to reuse and manipulate data cards. In one embodiment, these techniques preserve gaming device and data card resources and also simplify the manipulation of data cards within the gaming devices. Either one of these techniques may be suitable for different types of gaming devices and different types of games. It should be appreciated that the gaming device of the present invention can include alternate, suitable techniques for reusing, resetting, updating and manipulating data cards within the gaming device. 
     B. Data Card 
     The gaming device processor or a currency station can reset the data cards repeatedly so that a single population of circulating data cards can serve different players at different times. The data card of the present invention is preferably universal, meaning that it can be used by different players and different times. Though the data card is, in one embodiment, substantially rectangular and sized for a wallet, the data card can be of any suitable shape or size. 
     The type of data card suitable for the present invention has the capacity to be repeatedly reset and, in one embodiment, can be repeatedly changed between: (a) a blank state and a charged state; or (b) a face value charged state and a different charged state. During the life time of a single data card, the data card can be reset or otherwise brought to a particular state on numerous occasions. In one embodiment, the data card can be reset and brought to a particular state (such as a blank state or a face value state) hundreds or possibly thousands of times without jeopardizing the integrity or functionality of the data card. 
     Though in a preferred embodiment the gaming device of the present invention can receive currency (as described below), the gaming device need not be adapted to receive currency. In such a non-currency embodiment, players are required to obtain data cards or tokens from currency stations in order to play the gaming device. In one embodiment, after players have finished playing, all reset data cards remain in the gaming devices and players take charged data cards to a currency station for redemption. In one embodiment, periodically a gaming enterprise employee redistributes reset data cards which have accumulated in gaming devices and currency stations in order to maintain a relatively even distribution of reset data cards in the desired places. This embodiment may be most useful to gaming enterprises which have a policy against storing currency or cash on the “floor.” 
     In one embodiment, the data card includes an integrated circuit or chip, as described below. The integrated circuit includes a data card processor and one or more memory devices. These data cards are commonly known as I/C cards or chip cards, and are also known as “smart cards” though this term is often casually used to refer to data cards in general (whether or not they include an integrated circuit). These types of data cards are commercially available from a variety of data card manufacturing companies and can be programmed for different purposes. In one embodiment, the data card includes retain code stored in its memory. When the data card has reached a predetermined state (such as a blank state or a particular face value) or when a player reaches a certain credit balance (such as zero), the retain code instructs the gaming device processor to cause the gaming device to keep or retain the data card provided by the player. The retain code can also instruct the data card processor and/or the gaming device processor to reset the data card and have it stored in the gaming device for future use. 
     In other embodiments, the data card of the present invention does not include an integrated circuit or chip. Instead, the data card includes one or more mechanisms which enable the gaming device processor to read, change and reset the data stored on the data card. These mechanisms may include magnetic codes, optical codes, bar codes and/or other suitable technologies. 
     As further described below, in one embodiment the data card includes: (a) a thermo-sensitive graphics recording member or strip on the front side of the card; and (b) an elongated magnetic member or strip. The graphics recording strip enables a thermal graphics writer to record player-readable graphics on the card, and the recording strip also enables a thermal graphics eraser to erase graphics on the card. The magnetic strip enables a data exchange read-write device to read machine readable data stored on the card and to store machine-readable data on the card. 
     It is preferable that one or more security devices or security techniques be incorporated into the data cards of the present invention. Such security devices or techniques can prevent, deter or hinder unauthorized people from rewriting or changing data stored in the data cards. 
     In one embodiment, a suitable encryption method or encryption code is used to encrypt the data stored on the data card. Here, the gaming devices and currency stations can include a key code, unlock code or translation code. The gaming devices and currency stations use this code to access, read and/or write to the data card. In other embodiments, holographic images and/or isotope materials are incorporated into the data card to help ensure the authenticity of the data cards. It should be appreciated that the present invention can include other suitable know security devices and methods to aid in the security of the data cards. 
     C. Operation 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the present invention enables a plurality of data cards (represented generally by data cards  34 ) which one or more, and preferably a plurality of gaming devices (represented by gaming devices  36   a  through  36   c ) can both receive and dispense. The same data card can be used by different players on different occasions. For example, a particular player A may initiate a game by depositing currency in a gaming device  36   a  illustrated by block  38 . The gaming device  36   a  houses or stores a plurality of blank data cards  34  in a card holder  40   a.  When player A deposits currency in gaming device  36   a,  a card transporter in the gaming device brings one of the blank data cards  34  into contact with a gaming device interface. The gaming device processor, using a card read-write device, writes fund data corresponding to a certain amount of credit units on the data card which, in turn, corresponds to the amount of currency deposited. 
     After player A makes the deposit, the gaming device processor causes fund data corresponding to one hundred fifty credit units to be written on data card  34   a.  Player A then plays one or more games at that gaming device  36   a.  If the player cashes out or terminates the game with credits remaining, the gaming device will dispense data card  34   a  with the credit, cash or fund data corresponding to the appropriate amount of remaining credits. In this example, player A purchases one hundred fifty credit units for data card  34   a,  plays the game and wins an additional fifty credits, bringing the player&#39;s balance to a total of two hundred credit units. Player A then cashes out, and gaming device  36   a  dispenses data card  34   a  with data associated with two hundred credit units or data associated with the cash equivalent of such credit units. 
     Player A then inserts that data card  34   a  into gaming device  36   b  in order to play one or more games there. Player A loses one hundred twenty-five credits while playing gaming device  36   b  before cashing out or terminating the game. The processor in gaming device  36   b  updates the fund data on the data card  34   a  to reflect a new credit unit amount of seventy-five. The gaming device  36   b  then dispenses this data card  34   a  to player A. 
     Continuing with the example, player A takes this data card  34   a  with seventy-five credit units and inserts it into gaming device  36   c.  While playing the game at gaming device  36   c,  player A loses the remaining seventy-five credit units. The processor of gaming device  36   c  resets the data card  34   a  to a blank state, and the processor then causes the card transporter to move data card  34   a  into a card holder  40   a  within gaming device  36   c.    
     Player A then leaves or walks away from gaming device  36   c  with no data card and no currency or payout, as indicated by block  42 . As indicated by block  44 , a different player B may deposit currency into gaming device  36   c.  The processor of gaming device  36   c  may write fund data associated with to a certain amount of credit units onto data card  34   a.  This amount of credit units will correspond to the amount of currency inserted into gaming device  36   c.  In this example, the processor writes onto the data card  34   a,  fund data which is associated with three hundred credit units or fund data associated with the cash equivalent of such credit units. 
     While playing gaming device  36   c,  player B earns an additional two hundred credits, and the processor stores fund data associated with an additional two hundred credit units (or the cash equivalent thereof) on data card  34   a  appropriately. Player B then may cash out and receive data card  34   a  having fund data associated with five hundred credit units stored on it or fund data associated with the cash equivalent of such credits. At this point, the player B may then take this data card  34   a  to a currency station and exchange it for the appropriate amount of currency. In this example, player B takes data card  34   a  to currency station  46 . 
     Depending upon the particular embodiment, the currency station  46  can be a clerk validation terminal (CVT), gaming machine, wireless cashier or a manually operated cashier station. Whether the currency station is automated or run by an operator, the currency station receives the data card  34   a  and initially validates the data card  34   a.  This validation step involves reading the information on the data card  34   a  and comparing this information to information stored in the pay validation system described below. Upon successful validation, the currency station  46  reads the fund data on this data card  34   a,  resets this data card  34   a  and stores it with other blank data cards  34  in card holder  40   b.  In addition, currency station  46  dispenses or provides a certain amount of currency to player B which corresponds to the fund data which remained on data card  34   a,  when provided to the currency station, as indicated by block  48 . 
     In an example of one embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 5 , a single data card A is circulated to three players: player A, player B and player C. Initially, data card A is at a blank state stored in a currency station where player A deposits a certain amount of currency. The amount of currency deposited corresponds to six credit units. The currency station provides data card A to the player with fund data corresponding to six credit units. In playing one or more gaming devices, player A loses two credits and then gains three credits before cashing out. Consequently, when the player cashes out, a gaming device dispenses data card A with fund data corresponding to seven credit units. Player A then takes data card A to a currency station and, upon validation, receives a cash payout corresponding to the seven credit units. The currency station then returns the data card A to a blank state. 
     Player B then deposits a certain amount of currency at a currency station and in turn receives data card A with fund data corresponding to five credit units. In playing one or more gaming devices, player B earns two credits and then loses seven credits. Accordingly, the fund data on the data card is changed to reflect an increase by two and then a decrease to zero. Player B then leaves the gaming device and walks away with no currency and with data card A remaining inside the gaming device. Player C then deposits a certain amount of currency into this gaming device and the processor of the gaming device changes the data card A from the blank state to a charged state having fund data reflecting three credit units. Player C plays the gaming device and earns seven credits before cashing out. The processor of the gaming device thus changes the fund data on data card A to reflect an increase to ten credit units and dispenses data card A to player C. Player C then takes data card A to a currency station. Upon validation, the currency exchange provides the player C with an amount of currency corresponding to the ten credit units. 
     In another embodiment, the gaming device is adapted to receive a plurality of data cards with predetermined face values or preset credit units. For example, such data cards could be a set of data cards with fund data associated with five credit units and a set of data cards with fund data associated with to ten credit units. These data cards, in one embodiment, do not reach a blank state. Instead, after use, they are returned to their predetermined face value or state. Data cards of different face values can be stored in various gaming device card holders designated for such data cards. 
     This embodiment may be desirable to gaming enterprises which have various games which require various minimum credits to initiate the games. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 6 , player A obtains a five credit unit data card B by depositing the amount of currency corresponding to five credits in a gaming device. Using data card B at a gaming device, player A initially loses two credits and then gains four credits before cashing out. The processor of the gaming device updates the fund data on the data card B to reflect seven credit units. Player A then takes this data card B to a currency station and, upon validation, receives a cash equivalent of seven credit units. The currency station then returns the data card B to its predetermined face value or charged state reflecting five credit units. Player B then obtains the same data card B by depositing the amount of currency corresponding to five credit units in a currency station. After doing so, player B uses data card B to play a game and earns an additional seven credits, and the processor of the gaming device adjusts or updates the fund data on the data card B to reflect an amount of twelve credit units. Player B then takes this data card B to a currency station. Upon validation, the currency exchange provides the player B with an amount of currency corresponding to twelve credit units. The currency station returns this data card B to its predetermined face value or preset charged state reflecting five credit units. 
     Player C then deposits an amount of currency equivalent to five credit units in a currency station and receives data card B which has fund data associated with five credit units. After doing so, player C inserts data card B into a gaming device, plays the gaming device and loses three credits. The processor of the gaming device initially erases, removes or modifies the fund data to correspond to five credit units so as to return to card B three credit units to its predetermined face value. The gaming device then stores this data card B for future use, and player C walks away from the gaming device with no data card and no currency. 
     It should be appreciated that the gaming device processor can change, erase or add fund data on a data card at the beginning of a game, ending of a game, at cash out or any time during the operation of the gaming device. In addition, it should be appreciated that the examples illustrated in  FIGS. 4 through 6  involve a relatively small number of players merely for illustrative purposes. The gaming device of the present invention preferably enables numerous different players to use the same data card on different occasions. This function of the gaming device, in one embodiment, resembles the role of currency, such as dollar bills, being used or handled by different members of the general public. 
     II. Card Management System for Cards with Graphical Display 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 7 through 12 , in one embodiment, the present invention includes a gaming device  110  with a gaming device processor  112  and a card management system. The card management system includes: (a) a card management assembly  114  positioned in the gaming device  110 ; and (b) a plurality of cards  116  manipulated and managed by the card management assembly  114  in the gaming device  110 . As described above, in one embodiment the gaming device processor  112  is the processor which controls the general operation of the gaming device. In another embodiment, the processor  112  is an extra processor which is designated for controlling the card management system of the present invention. 
     A. Card Management Assembly 
     As generally illustrated in  FIG. 7 , in one embodiment the card management assembly  114  includes: (a) a card processing station, bay or assembly  118  where the card  116  is processed and treated as described below; (b) a recycled or used card bin or used card holder  120  for holding used cards  116   a  which have been used on one or more occasions by a player; (c) a new card bin or new card holder  122  for holding new cards  116   b  which have not previously been used by a player; and (d) a lower support member, platform or pan  123  which functions as a common mount for the card processing assembly  118 , used card holder  120  and new card holder  122 . 
     1. Card Processing Assembly 
     As best illustrated in  FIGS. 8 ,  9  and  10 , in one embodiment, the card processing assembly  118  includes: (a) a base support unit or lower base member  124  having a plurality of walls  125  and a card track or card support member  139  for supporting the card  116  while the card  116  is in motion or at rest; (b) a suitable card entry sensor  127 , preferably having a light source  127   a  and a photo eye or light receiver  127   b ; (c) a card transporter  130  for moving the card  116  to and from certain portions of the card processing assembly  114 ; (d) a data read-write device or data reader-writer  132  supported by the base member  124  for reading machine readable data stored on the data card  116  and for writing and storing machine readable data on the data card  116 ; (e) a graphics printing device graphics recorder or graphics printer  134  for printing, recording or forming text, symbols, images or other graphics on the data card  116  through the use of heat, chemical treatment or other suitable techniques; (f) a graphics erasing device or graphics eraser  136  for partially, substantially or entirely erasing or hiding text, symbols, images or other graphics on the data card  116 ; and (g) an upper or top support unit or top member  137  which functions as a common mount for the card entry sensor  127 , card transporter  130 , graphics printer  134  and graphics eraser  136 . 
     In one embodiment, the card entry sensor  127  is electrically or electronically connected to the card transporter  130 . In operation, first the player inserts the card  116  through the card slot defined by the card acceptor or card entry wall  140  connected to the exterior of the gaming device  110 . When the card  116  reaches the sensor  127 , the sensor  127  detects the card  116  and transmits a signal to the motor of the card transporter  130 . When the card transporter motor receives this signal, the motor activates the card transporter  130 , and the card transporter  130  moves the card  116  into the gaming device  110 . 
     In one embodiment, the card transporter  130  includes: (a) a plurality of gears or drive wheels  141 ; (b) a plurality of card engagement wheels  142  coupled to the drive wheels  141 ; and (c) one or more electrical motors (not shown) which are mechanically coupled to the drive wheels  141  and electronically coupled to the gaming device processor  112 . In operation, when powered by the motor, the drive wheels  141  transmit force to the card engagement wheels  142  which, in turn, transmit force to the cards  116 . Depending upon the rotational direction of the drive wheels  141 , the card transporter  130  can draw the card  116  into the gaming device  110  or dispense the card  116  from the gaming device  110 . 
     As best illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the data reader-writer  132  of the card processing assembly  118  can include any suitable electronic or electromagnetic card interface device which reads machine-readable data on the card  116  and also writes machine-readable data to the card  116 . In one embodiment where the card  116  has a magnetic strip, layer or member  143  as described below, and the data reader-writer  132  includes an electromagnetic or magnetized device  144  which is in communication with the gaming device processor  112 . When the card  116  enters the card processing assembly or station  118 , the processor  112  uses the magnetized device  144  to read the data on the card  116  in order to determine if the card  116  is the proper type of card to be inserted into the gaming device  110 . If so, the magnetized device  144  then reads other information on the card  116  such as the fund data corresponding to the total quantity of credit units and the name of the player. The processor  112  retrieves this information and stores this information in the memory device of the gaming device  110 . 
     In one embodiment, where the card  116  includes a heat sensitive graphics recording medium or member  146  (illustrated in  FIG. 11 ), the graphics printer  134  includes: (a) a laser, heat or thermal energy source (not shown) and a thermal energy director or printing head (not shown) which directs the energy source to designated areas or portions of the graphics recording member  146 ; and (b) a plurality of biasing members or springs  148  which bias the printing head against the graphics recording member  146 . For example, the printing head can direct the thermal energy source so that the thermal energy source is applied to the graphics recording member  146  in a designated pattern or form. The processor  112  uses the graphics printer  134  to cause player-readable text, symbols, images or other graphics to appear on the graphics recording member  146 . In one embodiment, when the player has completed playing the gaming device  110 , the graphics printer  134  prints player-specific information on the recording member  146 , such as the player&#39;s name and the player&#39;s balance of credit units (or the monetary value of such credit units). 
     In this embodiment, the graphics eraser  136  of the card processing assembly  118  preferably includes: (a) a thermal energy source (not shown) and a thermal energy director or erasing head (not shown) which directs and applies the thermal energy source to part or all of the heat sensitive graphics recording member  146  of the card  116 ; and (b) a plurality of biasing members or springs  150  which bias the thermal energy director against the graphics recording member  146 . As described below, when a certain degree or level of thermal energy is applied to the heat sensitive graphics recording member  146 , the text, symbols, images or other graphics on the printing layer  146  have a decreased intensity, darkness or visibility or are otherwise removed, erased or become invisible. Using the graphics printer  134  and the graphics eraser  136 , the processor  112  can print and erase player-readable text, symbols, images and other graphics on the card  116 . 
     In one embodiment, the card  116  remains in the card processing assembly or station  118  while the player is playing the gaming device  110 . In one example, when the player is finished playing, the processor  112  uses the magnetized device  144  to remove or adjust the fund data on the card  116  and to then store fund data associated with the player&#39;s current balance of credit units on the card  116 . At this phase, the processor  112  may use the graphics eraser  136  to erase all text from the card  116 , and the processor  112  may use the graphics printer  134  to print the player&#39;s name and the monetary equivalent of the player&#39;s credit balance on the card  116 . 
     Next, the card transporter  130 , under control of the processor  112 , dispenses the card  116  to the player. In this case, the player leaves the gaming device  110  with the same card  116  which the player inserted into the gaming device  110 . However, the card  116  has a different credit balance, a new printing of the player&#39;s name and a different player-readable monetary or purse value printed on the card  116 . 
     2. Used Card Holder 
     In some cases, the player may finish playing the gaming device  110  with no remaining balance of credits, and the player may not be interested in keeping the card  116 . In this scenario, the used card holder  120  of the card management assembly  114  functions as a repository or storage place for such used cards  116   a.  As best illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the used card holder  120  includes: (a) a lower base unit or lower retaining member  152  having a plurality of retaining walls  154 ; and (b) an upper unit, top unit or top member  156  for manipulating the cards  116  and  116   a.  The lower retaining member  152  preferably includes a suitable card lifting mechanism or card lifting device  157  which applies a force to the bottom of the stack of cards  116   a . Depending upon the embodiment, the card lifting device  157  can include one or more biasing members, such as springs (not shown), or a motorized platform (not shown) which moves the stack of cards  116   a  upward or downward depending upon whether a used card  116   a  is entering or leaving the lower retaining member  152 . In addition, the lower retaining member  152  can include a card level sensor  158  for sensing when the old card holder  120  is empty or when the quantity of old cards  116   a  in the old card holder  120  has otherwise reached a designated level. 
     The top member  156  of the used card holder  120 , in one embodiment, includes: (a) a sliding closure member, gate or door  159  shown partially open in  FIG. 10 ; (b) a substantially flat support member or platform  160  positioned so as to overlay the door  159 ; (c) a coupling member or arm  162  which couples the door  159  to the platform  160 ; (d) a slide bar or rod  164  which couples the arm  162  to the platform  160 , enabling the arm  162  and the door  158  to slide relative to the platform  160 ; (e) a motor  166 ; (f) a worm gear  168  which is coupled to the motor  166  and which is also engaged with the arm  162 ; and (g) a motor (not shown) which drives a card engagement wheel  170 . 
     In operation, the gaming device processor  112  controls the motors of the used card holder  120  in order to selectively deposit used cards  116  into the used card holder  120  and to retrieve used cards  116   a  from the used card holder  120 . 
     In one embodiment, the memory device of the gaming device  110  includes at least one card management instruction, command or program. This card management program directs the processor  112  to move a card  116 , which a player has used to play the gaming device, from the card processing station  118  to the used card holder  120  on one or more conditions. One condition is if such used card  116  remains in the processing station  118  a designated amount of time after the player has finished playing the gaming device  110 . As described above, when the card  116  is in the processing station  118 , the processor  112 , in one embodiment, removes or adjusts the fund data from the card  116  and erases all graphics from the card. Therefore, when the player finishes playing the gaming device  110  with no remaining balance of credits, and the player is not interested in keeping the card  116 , the processor  112  causes the processing station  118  to move the card  116  to the used card holder  120  after a certain period of time elapses. 
     At the same time or shortly thereafter, the processor  112  activates the motors of the used card holder  120  and causes the door  159  to slide away from the retaining walls  154 , thereby exposing the opening  172 . The processor  112  then causes the card engagement wheel  170  to rotate in a direction which directs the card  116  over the opening  172 . When the card  116  reaches the opening  172 , the card  116  drops into the lower retaining member  152 . 
     Once a card  116  is erased and moved into the used card holder  120 , the card  116 , which at that point is a used card  116   a,  is available for use by future players of the gaming device  110 . For example, a new player may initiate play of the gaming device by depositing coins, tokens or a ticket into the gaming device  110 . When this player finishes playing the gaming device  110 , the player may have a balance of credit units. When the player cashes-out, the processor  112  initially causes the used card holder  120  to move one of the used cards  116   a  to the card processing station  118 . Specifically, the processor  112  controls the used card holder  120  so that the door  159  slides open, enabling the top card  116   a  to exit the retaining member  152  and to rest on top of the door  159 . Next, the card engagement wheel  170  rotates in such a direction so as to move the card  116   a  toward the card processing assembly or station  118 . The card processing assembly  118  then, under control of the processor  112 , transfers fund data associated with the player&#39;s credit units to the card  116   a  and also prints or forms graphics, such as the player&#39;s name and current monetary balance, on the card  116   a . Finally, the processor  112  causes the card processing assembly  118  to dispense the card  116   a  to the player. In this fashion, the same card  116  can be reused or recycled time and time again by different players of the same or different gaming devices. 
     3. New Card Holder 
     It is expected that a certain percentage of players will begin playing the gaming device with a data card  116  and a certain percentage of players will begin playing the gaming device  110  without a data card  116  by using, for example, tokens, tickets or cash. If too many players begin playing the gaming device  110  without a data card  116 , in comparison to the number of players who begin playing with a data card  116 , the supply of used cards  116   a  in the used card holder  116  may be depleted. 
     For this reason, the card management assembly  114  includes a new card holder  122  which holds a plurality of new or unused cards  116   b.  In one embodiment, the new card holder  122  is positioned on the pan  123  in line with and directly behind the used card holder  120 . 
     As best illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the new card holder  122  includes: (a) a lower base unit or lower retaining member  174  having a plurality of retaining walls  176 ; and (b) an upper unit, top unit or top member  178  for manipulating the cards  116   b . The lower retaining member  174  preferably includes a suitable card lifting mechanism or card lifting device  180  which applies a force to the bottom of the stack of cards  116   b . Depending upon the embodiment, the card lifting device  180  can include one or more biasing members, such as springs (not shown), or a motorized platform (not shown) which moves the stack of cards  116   b  upward depending upon when a new card  116   b  is leaving the lower retaining member  174 . In addition, the lower retaining member  174  can include a card level sensor  181  for sensing when the new card holder  122  is empty or when the quantity of new cards  116   b  in the new card holder  122  has otherwise reached to a designated level. 
     The top member  178  of the used card holder  122 , in one embodiment, includes: (a) a sliding closure member, gate or door  182  shown closed in  FIG. 10 ; (b) a substantially flat support member or platform  184  positioned so as to overlay the door  182 ; (c) a coupling member or arm  186  which couples the door  182  to the platform  184 ; (d) a slide bar or rod  188  which couples the arm  186  to the platform  184 , enabling the arm  186  and the door  182  to slide relative to the platform  184 ; (e) a motor  190 ; (f) a worm gear  192  which is coupled to the motor  190  and which is also engaged with the arm  186 ; and (g) a motor (not shown) which drives a card engagement wheel  194 . 
     In operation, the gaming device processor  112  controls the motors of the new card holder  122  in order to selectively retrieve new cards  116   b  from the new card holder  122 . In one embodiment, the memory device of the gaming device  110  includes at least one card management instruction, command or program. This card management program directs the processor  112  to retrieve a new card  116   b  from the new card holder  122  on one or more conditions. One condition is if the old card holder  120  is empty, as detected by the card level sensor  158  of the used card holder  120 . 
     If this condition occurs, the processor  112  initially causes the door  158  of the old card holder  120  to remain closed, and the processor  112  causes the new card holder  122  to move one of the new cards  116   b  from the top member  178  of the new card holder  122 , through the top member  156  of the used card holder  120  and to the card processing station  118 . Specifically, the processor  112  controls the new card holder  122  so that the door  182  slides open, enabling the top card  116   b  to exit the retaining member  174  and to rest on top of the door  182 . Next, the card engagement wheel  194  rotates in such a direction so as to move the card  116   b  toward the old card holder  120 . 
     The processor  112  then causes the card engagement wheel  170  of the old card holder  120  to force the new card  116   b  toward the card processing assembly or station  118 . The card processing assembly  118  then, under control of the processor  112 , transfers fund data corresponding to the player&#39;s credit units to the new card  116   b  and also prints graphics, such as the player&#39;s name and current monetary balance, on the new card  116   b.  Finally, the processor  112  causes the card processing assembly  118  to dispense the new card  116   b  to the player. In this fashion, the gaming device  110  can provide players with data cards even after there are no more used cards  116   a  in the gaming device  110 . 
     In one embodiment, the gaming device processor  112  uses both of the card level sensors  158  and  181  to determine or monitor the levels of cards  116  in the card holders  120  and  122 . In one embodiment, when the processor  112  determines that the amount of cards  116   a  or  116   b  has been reduced to a certain level, the processor  112  provides a suitable output or message either on the gaming device  110  or on a facility management or maintenance system. 
     B. Data Card 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 11 and 12 , in one embodiment, the front side or face  198  of the data card  116  includes a printing medium or a graphics recording member  146  which can include one or more layers of material. The graphics recording member  146  is preferably a thermosensitive recording medium or member or a thermo-reversible medium or member. In one embodiment, the graphics recording member  146  preferably includes one or more low-molecular weight materials, and when these materials are heated to different levels of temperature, these materials change to have different reflection densities. For example, one level of heat may cause the graphics recording member  146  to have a transparent state, and another level of heat may cause the graphics recording member  146  to have an opaque state. In another embodiment, when different levels of heat are applied to the graphics recording member  146 , different chemical reactions occur in the graphics recording member  146 . Here, one type of chemical reaction can cause the graphics recording member  146  to have one color, and a different chemical reaction can cause the graphics recording member  146  to have a different color. 
     In one embodiment, the thermosensitive recording member  146  has a plurality of different light transmission states associated with different levels of heat. The different light transmission states can include a transparent state, an opaque state and other states. In one embodiment, each of the light transmission states is associated with a graphical characteristic including, without limitation, black, white, color, shade and intensity. 
     In another embodiment, the thermosensitive recording member  146  has a plurality of different chemical states associated with different levels of heat. It is preferable that each of the chemical states is associated with a graphical characteristic including, without limitation, black, white, color, shade and intensity. 
     In the embodiment where the recording member  146  is a thermo-reversible or thermosensitive member, the thermal head (not shown) of the graphics printer  134  applies a designated level of heat to a pattern on the recording member  146 . If, for example, the pattern is the letters for the text  202 , the face  198  of the card  116  displays the player-readable text  202 , which in this example, is the name of the player. In another example, if the pattern is the player-readable text  204 , the face  198  of the card  116  displays the text  204  to the player. In this example, the text  204  is the monetary equivalent or purse amount of the player&#39;s credit unit balance on the card  116 . 
     The graphics eraser  136  can erase this text  202  and  204  by applying a certain level of heat to the recording member  146 . Accordingly, the recording member  146  can be written upon and erased time and time again. 
     It should be appreciated that various suitable sizes and types of the recording member  146  can be used to accommodate different types, sizes, color and shapes of different text, images, symbols and graphics which the card processing assembly  18  may print on and remove from the recording member  146 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the backside  205  of the card  116  includes a magnetic layer, strip, member, or magnetic memory device  143  which magnetically stores machine-readable data, codes or information. Using the reader-writer  132 , the gaming device processor  112  can read this machine-readable code and also write this code onto the card  116 . When the processor  112  stores fund data or information on the magnetic memory device  143 , this data remains on the card  116 . The player can take this charged card  116  to a currency station, such as a clerk validation terminal (CVT). The currency station, in one embodiment, has a magnetic read-write device which reads the fund data on the magnetic memory strip  143 . By communicating with an electronic pay validation system, the currency station verifies the amount of currency payable to the player. Upon successful verification, the currency station provides the appropriate amount of currency to the player. In one embodiment, the magnetic member  143  includes one of the magnetic strips which is commercially available and commonly used on credit cards, and debit cards and the like. 
     III. Data Card Having Processor 
     Referring to  FIG. 13 , in one alternative embodiment, the gaming device of present invention is used in conjunction with a data card  206  which includes: (a) a data card processor  208  which communicates with EEPROM (Erasable Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory)  210 ; (b) data card ROM (Read-Only Memory)  212 ; (c) data card RAM (Random Access Memory)  214 ; and (d) data card interface  216 . The data card processor  208  can include any processor which has the function and size suitable for integration into a data card. Data card processor  208  operates on a suitable operating system, preferably the operating system known as mask. EEPROM  210  is a flexible and robust form of nonvolatile memory. Data stored in EEPROM  210  remains there even when there is no power supply, and the data can be changed relatively quickly and easily, although not as quickly as data can be changed in data card RAM  214 . EEPROM  210  preferably stores variable credit unit data, as described below. 
     Data card ROM  212  stores computer programs or code which the data card processor  208  uses to erase and write data. Preferably, data card ROM  212  includes retain code which instructs the gaming device processor and/or the data card processor  208  to cause the gaming device to retain the data card  206  once it reaches a predetermined state or once a player reaches a certain balance of credits, such as a zero balance. In one embodiment, data card ROM  212  includes data regarding a predetermined number of times in which the data card  206  can be reset or returned to a predetermined state. Data card processor  208  uses this data to deactivate data card  206  at the appropriate time. This deactivation ensures that older data cards which are vulnerable to dysfunction are removed from circulation at the proper time. Data card RAM  214  includes data which may vary from time to time. For example, RAM  214  may include data regarding how many times a data card  206  has been used or which gaming devices have received the data card  206 . 
     Data card interface  216  can include any mechanism, connection or terminal which is capable of enabling the data card processor  208  to exchange data with the gaming device processor. In one embodiment, the data card interface  216  includes one or more metal contacts (not shown) which are connected to the data card processor  208  and which are exposed at the surface of the data card  206 . These contacts are adapted to make direct contact with the contacts of a gaming device interface. In another embodiment, data card interface  216  does not include such contacts, but rather includes the mechanisms necessary for the data card processor  208  to communicate with the processor of the gaming device without physical contact between data card  206  or any interface or portion of the gaming device. In one embodiment, such a contact-free interface involves electrical current running through coiled wire included in the data card interface  216  and an electromagnetic field generated by the gaming device interface. 
     In one embodiment, EEPROM  210  includes a predetermined number of memory cells which are preset to “1.” Each “1” corresponds to a credit unit. Thus, if a player purchases ten credit units, ten of the memory cells in the data card would be written or set to “1.” In response to messages received by the gaming device processor, the data card processor  208  writes or rewrites data to the memory cells. Preferably, for each credit lost during a game, the gaming device processor rewrites to a memory cell from “ 1 ” to “ 0 ”, and for each credit gained during a game the data card processor  208  rewrites a memory cell from “0” to “1”. Alternatively, the gaming device processor can be programmed to minimize rewrites by not causing the data card processor  208  to write memory cells until the player cashes out or terminates the game. At that point, the gaming device processor may subtract all credit losses from all credit gains, resulting in a net credit. The gaming device processor could then cause the data card processor  208  to rewrite a certain number of memory cells from “0” to “1,” where the number of rewrites corresponds to the net credit. It is preferable that if a player loses all credits during a game, such that all memory cells are set to “0” or there is no net credit, the gaming device processor causes the game to terminate. 
     In another embodiment, the data card need not include EEPROM or the other memory devices illustrated in  FIG. 13 . Rather, the data card of the present invention can include non-EEPROM technology and/or alternate, suitable data storage devices which the data card processor and/or gaming device processor can use. 
     IV. Gaming Device 
     The card management system of the present invention can be used in conjunction with any suitable type of gaming device. Referring now to  FIGS. 14A and 14B , two alternative embodiments of the gaming device of the present invention are illustrated as gaming device  310   a  and gaming device  310   b,  respectively. Gaming device  310   a  and/or gaming device  310   b  are generally referred to herein as gaming device  310 . 
     In one embodiment, as illustrated in  FIGS. 14A and 14B , gaming device  310  has a support structure, housing or cabinet which provides support for a plurality of displays, inputs, controls and other features of a conventional gaming machine. It is configured so that a player can operate it while standing or sitting. The gaming device may be positioned on a base or stand or can be configured as a pub-style table-top game (not shown) which a player can operate preferably while sitting. As illustrated by the different configurations shown in  FIGS. 14A and 14B , the gaming device can be constructed with varying cabinet and display configurations. 
     In one embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 15A , the gaming device preferably includes at least one processor  312 , such as a microprocessor, a microcontroller-based platform, a suitable integrated circuit or one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC&#39;s). The processor is in communication with or operable to access or to exchange signals with at least one data storage or memory device  314 . In one embodiment, the processor and the memory device reside within the cabinet of the gaming device. The memory device stores program code and instructions, executable by the processor, to control the gaming device. The memory device also stores other data such as image data, event data, player input data, random or pseudo-random number generators, pay-table data or information and applicable game rules that relate to the play of the gaming device. In one embodiment, the memory device store fund data, credit data or credit unit data. In one embodiment, the memory device includes random access memory (RAM). In one embodiment, the memory device includes read only memory (ROM). In one embodiment, the memory device includes flash memory and/or EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory). Any other suitable magnetic, optical and/or semiconductor memory may be implemented in conjunction with the gaming device of the present invention. 
     In one embodiment, part or all of the program code and/or operating data described above can be stored in a detachable or removable memory device, including, but not limited to, a suitable cartridge, disk or CD ROM. A player can use such a removable memory device in a desktop, a laptop personal computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA) or other computerized platform. The processor and memory device may be collectively referred to herein as a “computer” or “controller.” 
     In one embodiment, as discussed in more detail below, the gaming device randomly generates awards and/or other game outcomes based on probability data. That is, each award or other game outcome is associated with a probability and the gaming device generates the award or other game outcome to be provided to the player based on the associated probabilities. In this embodiment, since the gaming device generates outcomes randomly or based upon a probability calculation, there is no certainty that the gaming device will ever provide the player with any specific award or other game outcome. 
     In another embodiment, as discussed in more detail below, the gaming device employs a predetermined or finite set or pool of awards or other game outcomes. In this embodiment, as each award or other game outcome is provided to the player, the gaming device removes the provided award or other game outcome from the predetermined set or pool. Once removed from the set or pool, the specific provided award or other game outcome cannot be provided to the player again. This type of gaming device provides players with all of the available awards or other game outcomes over the course of the play cycle and guarantees the amount of actual wins and losses. 
     In one embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 14A , the gaming device includes one or more display devices controlled by the processor. The display devices are preferably connected to or mounted to the cabinet of the gaming device. The embodiment shown in  FIG. 14A  includes a central display device  316  which displays a primary game. This display device may also display any secondary game associated with the primary game as well as information relating to the primary or secondary game. The alternative embodiment shown in  FIG. 14B  includes a central display device  316  and an upper display device  318 . The upper display device may display the primary game, any suitable secondary game associated with the primary game and/or information relating to the primary or secondary game. As seen in  FIGS. 14A and 14B , in one embodiment, the gaming device includes a credit display  320  which displays a player&#39;s current number of credits, cash, account balance or the equivalent. In one embodiment, the gaming device includes a bet display  322  which displays a player&#39;s amount wagered. 
     The display devices may include, without limitation, a monitor, a television display, a plasma display, a liquid crystal display (LCD) a display based on light emitting diodes (LED) or any other suitable electronic device or display mechanism. In one embodiment, as described in more detail below, the display device includes a touch-screen with an associated touch-screen controller. The display devices may be of any suitable configuration, such as a square, rectangle, elongated rectangle. 
     The display devices of the gaming device are configured to display at least one and preferably a plurality of game or other suitable images, symbols and indicia such as any visual representation or exhibition of the movement of objects such as mechanical, virtual or video reels and wheels, dynamic lighting, video images, images of people, characters, places, things and faces of cards, tournament advertisements and the like. 
     In one alternative embodiment, the symbols, images and indicia displayed on or of the display device may be in mechanical form. That is, the display device may include any electromechanical device, such as one or more mechanical objects, such as one or more rotatable wheels, reels or dice, configured to display at least one and preferably a plurality of game or other suitable images, symbols or indicia. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 14A and 14B , in one embodiment, the gaming device includes at least one currency acceptor  326  in communication with the processor. The currency acceptor  326  may include a coin slot or a payment, note or bill acceptor, where the player inserts money, tickets, coins or tokens. 
     Also, in this embodiment, the gaming device includes a data card acceptor  328  where the player can insert data cards  14  and  116  into the gaming device and receive data cards  14  and  116  from the gaming device. In one embodiment, money may be transferred to a gaming device through electronic funds transfer. When a player funds the gaming device, the processor determines the amount of funds entered and the corresponding amount is shown on the credit or other suitable display as described above. 
     As seen in  FIGS. 14A ,  14 B and  15 A, in one embodiment the gaming device includes at least one and preferably a plurality of input devices  330  in communication with the processor. The input devices can include any suitable device which enables the player to produce an input signal which is read by the processor. In one embodiment, after appropriate funding of the gaming device, the input device is a game activation device, such as a pull arm  332  or a play button  334  which is used by the player to start any primary game or sequence of events in the gaming device. The play button can be any suitable play activator such as a bet one button, a max bet button or a repeat the bet button. In one embodiment, upon appropriate funding, the gaming device begins the game play automatically. In another embodiment, upon the player engaging one of the play buttons, the gaming device automatically activates game play. 
     In one embodiment, as shown in  FIGS. 14A and 14B , one input device is a bet one button  336 . The player places a bet by pushing the bet one button. The player can increase the bet by one credit each time the player pushes the bet one button. When the player pushes the bet one button, the number of credits shown in the credit display preferably decreases by one, and the number of credits shown in the bet display preferably increases by one. In another embodiment, one input device is a bet max button (not shown) which enables the player to bet the maximum wager permitted for a game of the gaming device. 
     In one embodiment, one input device is a cash out button  338 . The player may push the cash out button and cash out to receive a data card charged with credit units, a cash payment or other suitable form of payment corresponding to the number of remaining credits. In one embodiment, when the player cashes out, the player receives the coins or tokens in a coin payout tray  340 . 
     In one embodiment, as mentioned above and seen in  FIG. 15A , one input device is a touch-screen  342  coupled with a touch-screen controller  344 , or some other touch-sensitive display overlay to allow for player interaction with the images on the display. The touch-screen and the touch-screen controller are connected to a video controller  346 . A player can make decisions and input signals into the gaming device by touching touch-screen at the appropriate places. 
     The gaming device may further include a plurality of communication ports for enabling communication of the processor with external peripherals, such as external video sources, expansion buses, game or other displays, an SCSI port or a key pad. 
     In one embodiment, as seen in  FIG. 15A , the gaming device includes a sound generating device controlled by one or more sound cards  348  which function in conjunction with the processor. In one embodiment, the sound generating device includes at least one and preferably a plurality of speakers  350  or other sound generating hardware and/or software for generating sounds, such as playing music for the primary and/or secondary game or for other modes of the gaming device, such as an attract mode. In one embodiment, the gaming device provides dynamic sounds coupled with attractive multimedia images displayed on one or more of the display devices to provide an audio-visual representation or to otherwise display full-motion video with sound to attract players to the gaming device. During idle periods, the gaming device may display a sequence of audio and/or visual attraction messages to attract potential players to the gaming device. The videos may also be customized for or to provide any appropriate information. 
     In one embodiment, the gaming machine may include a player or other sensor, such as a camera in communication with the processor (and possibly controlled by the processor) that is selectively positioned to acquire an image of a player actively using the gaming device and/or the surrounding area of the gaming device. In one embodiment, the camera may be configured to selectively acquire still or moving (e.g., video) images and may be configured to acquire the images in either an analog, digital or other suitable format. The display devices may be configured to display the image acquired by the camera as well as display the visible manifestation of the game in split screen or picture-in-picture fashion. For example, the camera may acquire an image of the player and that image can be incorporated into the primary and/or secondary game as a game image, symbol or indicia. 
     Gaming device  310  can incorporate any suitable wagering primary or base game. The gaming machine or device of the present invention may include some or all of the features of conventional gaming machines or devices. The primary or base game may comprise any suitable reel-type game, card game, number game or other game of chance susceptible to representation in an electronic or electromechanical form which produces a random outcome based on probability data upon activation from a wager. That is, different primary wagering games, such as video poker games, video blackjack games, video Keno, video bingo or any other suitable primary or base game may be implemented into the present invention. 
     In one embodiment, as illustrated in  FIGS. 14A and 14B , a base or primary game may be a slot game with one or more paylines  352 . The paylines may be horizontal, vertical, circular, diagonal, angled or any combination thereof. In this embodiment, the gaming device displays at least one and preferably a plurality of reels  354 , such as three to five reels  354  in either electromechanical form with mechanical rotating reels or video form with simulated reels and movement thereof. In one embodiment, an electromechanical slot machine includes a plurality of adjacent, rotatable wheels which may be combined and operably coupled with an electronic display of any suitable type. In another embodiment, if the reels  354  are in video form, the plurality of simulated video reels  354  are displayed on one or more of the display devices as described above. Each reel  354  displays a plurality of indicia such as bells, hearts, fruits, numbers, letters, bars or other images which preferably correspond to a theme associated with the gaming device. In this embodiment, the gaming device awards prizes when the reels of the primary game stop spinning if specified types and/or configurations of indicia or symbols occur on an active pay line or otherwise occur in a winning pattern. 
     In one embodiment, a base or primary game may be a poker game wherein the gaming device enables the player to play a conventional game of video poker and initially deals five cards all face up from a virtual deck of fifty-two card deck. Cards may be dealt as in a traditional game of cards or in the case of the gaming device, may also include that the cards are randomly selected from a predetermined number of cards. If the player wishes to draw, the player selects the cards to hold via one or more input device, such as pressing related hold buttons or via the touch screen. The player then presses the deal button and the unwanted or discarded cards are removed from the display and replacement cards are dealt from the remaining cards in the deck. This results in a final five-card hand. The final five-card hand is compared to a payout table which utilizes conventional poker hand rankings to determine the winning hands. The player is provided with an award based on a winning hand and the credits the player wagered. 
     In another embodiment, the base or primary game may be a multi-hand version of video poker. In this embodiment, the player is dealt at least two hands of cards. In one such embodiment, the cards are the same cards. In one embodiment each hand of cards is associated with its own deck of cards. The player chooses the cards to hold in a primary hand. The held cards in the primary hand are also held in the other hands of cards. The remaining non-held cards are removed from each hand displayed and for each hand replacement cards are randomly dealt into that hand. Since the replacement cards are randomly dealt independently for each hand, the replacement cards for each hand will usually be different. The poker hand rankings are then determined hand by hand and awards are provided to the player. 
     In one embodiment, a base or primary game may be a keno game wherein the gaming device displays a plurality of selectable indicia or numbers on at least one of the display devices. In this embodiment, the player selects at least one and preferable a plurality of the selectable indicia or numbers via an input device or via the touch screen. The gaming device then displays a series of drawn numbers to determine an amount of matches, if any, between the player&#39;s selected numbers and the gaming device&#39;s drawn numbers. The player is provided an award based on the amount of matches, if any, based on the amount of determined matches. 
     In one embodiment, in addition to winning credits in a base or primary game, the gaming device may also give players the opportunity to win credits in a bonus or secondary game or bonus or secondary round. The bonus or secondary game enables the player to obtain a prize or payout in addition to the prize or payout, if any, obtained from the base or primary game. In general, a bonus or secondary game produces a significantly higher level of player excitement than the base or primary game because it provides a greater expectation of winning than the base or primary game and is accompanied with more attractive or unusual features than the base or primary game. 
     In one embodiment, the bonus or secondary game may be any type of suitable game, either similar to or completely different from the base or primary game. In one embodiment, the gaming device includes a program which will automatically begin a bonus round when the player has achieved a triggering event or qualifying condition in the base or primary game. In one embodiment, the triggering event or qualifying condition may be a selected outcome in the primary game or a particular arrangement of one or more indicia on a display device in the primary game, such as the number seven appearing on three adjacent reels along a payline in the primary slot game embodiment seen in  FIGS. 14A and 14B . In another embodiment, the triggering event or qualifying condition may be by exceeding a certain amount of game play (number of games, number of credits, amount of time), reaching a specified number of points earned during game play or as a random award. 
     In one embodiment, once a player has qualified for a bonus game, the player may subsequently enhance his/her bonus game participation through continued play on the base or primary game. Thus, for each bonus qualifying event, such as a bonus symbol, that the player obtains, a given number of bonus game wagering points or credits may be accumulated in a “bonus meter” programmed to accrue the bonus wagering credits or entries toward eventual participation in a bonus game. The occurrence of multiple such bonus qualifying events in the primary game may result in an arithmetic or geometric increase in the number of bonus wagering credits awarded. In one embodiment, extra bonus wagering credits may be redeemed during the bonus game to extend play of the bonus game. 
     In one embodiment, no separate entry fee or buy in for a bonus game need be employed. That is, a player may not purchase an entry into a bonus game; he must win or earn entry through play of the primary game and, thus, play of the primary game is encouraged. In another embodiment, qualification of the bonus or secondary game could be accomplished through a simple “buy in” by the player if, for example, the player has been unsuccessful at qualifying through other specified activities. 
     In one embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 15B , one or more of the gaming devices  310  of the present invention may be connected to each other through a data network or a remote communication link  358  with some or all of the functions of each gaming device provided at a central location such as a central server or central controller  356 . More specifically, the processor of each gaming device may be designed to facilitate transmission of signals between the individual gaming device and the central server or controller. 
     In one embodiment, the game outcome provided to the player is determined by a central server or controller and provided to the player at the gaming device of the present invention. In this embodiment, each of a plurality of such gaming devices are in communication with the central server or controller. Upon a player initiating game play at one of the gaming devices, the initiated gaming device communicates a game outcome request to the central server or controller. 
     In one embodiment, the central server or controller receives the game outcome request and randomly generates a game outcome for the primary game based on probability data. In another embodiment, the central server or controller randomly generates a game outcome for the secondary game based on probability data. In another embodiment, the central server or controller randomly generates a game outcome for both the primary game and the secondary game based on probability data. In this embodiment, the central server or controller is capable of storing and utilizing program code or other data similar to the processor and memory device of the gaming device. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the central server or controller maintains one or more predetermined pools or sets of predetermined game outcomes. In this embodiment, the central server or controller receives the game outcome request and independently selects a predetermined game outcome from a set or pool of game outcomes. The central server or controller flags or marks the selected game outcome as used. Once a game outcome is flagged as used, it is prevented from further selection from the set or pool and cannot be selected by the central controller or server upon another wager. The provided game outcome can include a primary game outcome, a secondary game outcome, primary and secondary game outcomes, or a series of game outcomes such a free games. 
     The central server or controller communicates the generated or selected game outcome to the initiated gaming device. The gaming device receives the generated or selected game outcome and provides the game outcome to the player. In an alternative embodiment, how the generated or selected game outcome is to be presented or displayed to the player, such as a reel symbol combination of a slot machine or a hand of cards dealt in a card game, is also determined by the central server or controller and communicated to the initiated gaming device to be presented or displayed to the player. Central production or control can assist a gaming establishment or other entity in maintaining appropriate records, controlling gaming, reducing and preventing cheating or electronic or other errors, reducing or eliminating win-loss volatility and the like. 
     In another embodiment, one or more of the gaming devices of the present invention are in communication with a central server or controller for monitoring purposes only. That is, each individual gaming device randomly generates the game outcomes to be provided to the player and the central server or controller monitors the activities and events occurring on the plurality of gaming devices. In one embodiment, the gaming network includes a real-time or on-line accounting and gaming information system operably coupled to the central server or controller. The accounting and gaming information system of this embodiment includes a player database for storing player profiles, a player tracking module for tracking players and a credit system for providing automated casino transactions. 
     A plurality of the gaming devices of the present invention are capable of being connected together through a data network. In one embodiment, the data network is a local area network (LAN), in which one or more of the gaming devices are substantially proximate to each other and an on-site central server or controller as in, for example, a gaming establishment or a portion of a gaming establishment. In another embodiment, the data network is a wide area network (WAN) in which one or more of the gaming devices are in communication with at least one off-site central server or controller. In this embodiment, the plurality of gaming devices may be located in a different part of the gaming establishment or within a different gaming establishment than the off-site central server or controller. Thus, the WAN may include an off-site central server or controller and an off-site gaming device located within gaming establishments in the same geographic area, such as a city or state. The WAN gaming system of the present invention may be substantially identical to the LAN gaming system described above, although the number of gaming devices in each system may vary relative to each other. 
     In another embodiment, the data network is an internet or intranet. In this embodiment, the operation of the gaming device can be viewed at the gaming device with at least one internet browser. In this embodiment, operation of the gaming device and accumulation of credits may be accomplished with only a connection to the central server or controller (the internet/intranet server) through a conventional phone or other data transmission line, digital signal line (DSL), T-1 line, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, or other suitable connection. In this embodiment, players may access an Internet game page from any location where an internet connection and computer, or other internet facilitator are available. The expansion in the number of computers and number and speed of internet connections in recent years increases opportunities for players to play from an ever-increasing number of remote sites. It should be appreciated that enhanced bandwidth of digital wireless communications may render such technology suitable for some or all communications according to the present invention, particularly if such communications are encrypted. Higher data transmission speeds may be useful for enhancing the sophistication and response of the display and interaction with the player. 
     In another embodiment, a plurality of gaming devices at one or more gaming sites may be networked to a central server in a progressive configuration, as known in the art, wherein a portion of each wager to initiate a base or primary game may be allocated to bonus or secondary event awards. In one embodiment, a host site computer is coupled to a plurality of the central servers at a variety of mutually remote gaming sites for providing a multi-site linked progressive automated gaming system. In one embodiment, a host site computer may serve gaming devices distributed throughout a number of properties at different geographical locations including, for example, different locations within a city or different cities within a state. 
     In one embodiment, the host site computer is maintained for the overall operation and control of the system. In this embodiment, a host site computer oversees the entire progressive gaming system and is the master for computing all progressive jackpots. All participating gaming sites report to, and receive information from, the host site computer. Each central server computer is responsible for all data communication between the gaming device hardware and software and the host site computer. 
     In another embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 15C , one or more of the gaming devices  310  of the present invention are in communication with a pay validation system  360  through a network or a plurality of communication lines or channels  362 . The pay validation system  360  can include any suitable system for tracking payment transaction information for the use of data cards  14  and  116  with gaming devices  310 . In one embodiment, the pay system is similar to the commercially available pay system known as the EZ Pay™ cashless gaming system which is owned by the assignee of the present invention. In one embodiment, the pay validation system  360  includes a pay validation processor  364  in communication with one or more databases  366 . The databases  366  store transaction information. In another embodiment, a plurality of gaming devices  310  are connected to one or more clerk validation terminals (CVT&#39;s)  368  through a suitable communication channel  362 . Here, the CVT  368  is connected to the pay validation system  360  through a communication channel  362 . 
     In operation of one example, a player may play a gaming device  310  using a data card, and when the player finishes playing the gaming device, the gaming device may provide the data card to the player with fund data corresponding to a balance of four hundred credit units, the equivalent of two hundred dollars. At this point, the gaming device transfers this fund data or information to the pay validation system  360 . When the player goes to a CVT  368  to obtain the two hundred dollars, the CVT  368  compares the fund data on the data card to the fund data stored on the pay validation system  360  for that data card. If the fund data matches, the CVT  368  pays the player two hundred dollars. If the fund data does not match, the CVT  368  does not pay the player the two hundred dollars. 
     To illustrate the circulation of data cards in one embodiment of the present invention, in one example a player deposits a certain amount of currency or cash in a gaming device. The gaming device stores a supply of data cards. After receiving the currency, the gaming device processor transfers fund data associated with a balance of credit units to the gaming device memory. The gaming device enables the player to play the game with a possibility of experiencing credit gains and credit losses. As instructed by one or more programs in the gaming device, the gaming device processor tracks the number of credit gains and credit losses. If the player has no remaining credits or reaches a minimal level of credits, the gaming device processor will terminate the game and not dispense a data card to the player. 
     In another example, the player may insert a data card with fund data corresponding to a certain number of credit units into the gaming device to begin playing. The gaming device reads and writes to the data card to reflect the player&#39;s credit gain or loss. If the player ends the game with no credits, the gaming device may erase and retain the data card for future use. 
     In either example, if the player ends the game with a balance of credits, the processor of the gaming device, using the card read-write device, may update the fund data on the data card and then dispense that data card to the player. The player may then redeem the data card at a CVT or currency station for the amount of currency associated with the fund data remaining on that data card. In this manner data cards can be reset and reused repeatedly by different players. 
     The gaming device of the present invention can receive, read, update, reset, erase and house a plurality of data cards which are adapted to circulate through a plurality of gaming devices and which can be used repeatedly by multiple players on multiple occasions. The data cards usable by the gaming device can be reset or returned to a blank state or a face value state on multiple occasions. Instead of the data cards being limited to use by a single player, much like currency, any player can use them. This type of gaming device provides gaming device players and gaming enterprises with a greater level of convenience and ease in playing gaming devices and managing gaming facilities, respectively. 
     While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the claims. It is thus to be understood that modifications and variations in the present invention may be made without departing from the novel aspects of this invention as defined in the claims, and that this application is to be limited only by the scope of the claims.