Patent Publication Number: US-8993205-B2

Title: Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member and to a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Nowadays, electrophotographic photosensitive members containing organic photoconductive substances predominate are the mainstream of electrophotographic photosensitive members for use in process cartridges and electrophotographic apparatuses. In general, an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support. To inhibit the charge injection from the support side to the photosensitive layer side and inhibit the occurrence of image defects, such as fog, an undercoat layer is provided between the support and the photosensitive layer. 
     In recent years, charge-generating substances having higher sensitivities have been used. However, there is a problem in which a higher sensitivity of a charge-generating substance result in a larger amount of charges generated; hence, the charges are liable to stay in the photosensitive layer, thereby easily causing a ghost. Specifically, a phenomenon, i.e., a positive ghost phenomenon, in which the density is increased at only a portion of an output image corresponding to a portion that has been irradiated with light at the time of previous rotation, is liable to occur. 
     As a technique for inhibiting (reducing) such a ghost phenomenon, a technique for incorporating an electron-transporting substance into an undercoat layer is known. In the case where the electron-transporting substance is incorporated into the undercoat layer in order not to elute the electron-transporting substance at the time of the formation of the photosensitive layer on the undercoat layer, a technique for using an undercoat layer composed of a curable material that is not easily dissolved in a solvent of a photosensitive layer coating liquid is known. 
     PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2009-505156 discloses an undercoat layer which contains a condensation polymer (electron-transporting substance) having an aromatic tetracarbonylbisimide skeleton and a cross-linking site and which contains a polymer with a cross-linking agent. Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2003-330209 and 2008-299344 disclose an undercoat layer containing a polymer of a non-hydrolyzable polymerizable functional group electron-transporting substance. 
     In recent years, electrophotographic images have been required to have better image quality, so the tolerance for the foregoing positive ghost has been extremely tightened. 
     The inventors have conducted studies and found that with respect to the inhibition (reduction) of the positive ghost, in particular, a change in the level of the positive ghost before and after continuous image output, the techniques disclosed in PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2009-505156 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2003-330209 and 2008-299344 still have room for improvement. In the techniques disclosed in PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2009-505156 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2003-330209 and 2008-299344, the positive ghost is not sufficiently reduced during the initial stage and repeated use, in some cases. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Aspects of the present invention provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that reduces a positive ghost, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. 
     One disclosed aspect of the present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a support, an undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer, in which the undercoat layer comprises a structure represented by the following formula (C1), or a structure represented by the following formula (C2), 
                         
wherein, in the formulae (C1) and (C2), R 11  to R 16 , and R 22  to R 25  each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methylene group, a monovalent group represented by —CH 2 OR 2 , a group represented by the following formula (i), or a group represented by the following formula (ii), at least one of R 11  to R 16 , and at least one of R 22  to R 25  are each the group represented by the formula (i), at least one of R 11  to R 16 , and at least one of R 22  to R 25  are each the group represented by the formula (ii), R 2  represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 21  represents an alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group,
 
                         
wherein, in the formula (i), R 61  represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, Y 1  represents a single bond, an alkylene group, or a phenylene group, D 1  represents a divalent group represented by any one of the following formulae (D1) to (D4), and “*” in the formula (i) indicates the side to which a nitrogen atom in the formula (C1) or a nitrogen atom in the formula (C2) is bound,
 
                         
wherein, in the formula (ii), D 2  represents a divalent group represented by any one of the above formulae (D1) to (D4), α represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms and being substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms and being substituted with a benzyl group, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms and being substituted with an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms and being substituted with a phenyl group, one of the carbon atoms in the main chain of the alkylene group may be replaced with O, S, NH, or NR 1 , R 1  representing an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, β represents a phenylene group, a phenylene group substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenylene group substituted with a nitro group, or a phenylene group substituted with a halogen atom, γ represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms and being substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, l, m, and n each independently represent 0 or 1, A 1  represents a divalent group represented by any one of the following formulae (A1) to (A9), and “*” in the formula (ii) indicates the side to which a nitrogen atom in the formula (C1) or a nitrogen atom in the formula (C2) is bound,
 
                                           
wherein, in the formulae (A1) to (A9), R 101  to R 106 , R 201  to R 210 , R 301  to R 308 , R 401  to R 408 , R 501  to R 510 , R 601  to R 606 , R 701  to R 708 , R 801  to R 810 , and R 901  to R 908  each independently represent a single bond, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carboxyl group, a dialkylamino group, a hydroxy group, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, or an unsubstituted or substituted hetero ring, at least two of R 101  to R 106 , at least two of R 201  to R 210 , at least two of R 301  to R 308 , at least two of R 401  to R 408 , at least two of R 501  to R 510 , at least two of R 601  to R 606 , at least two of R 701  to R 708 , at least two of R 801  to R 810 , and at least two of R 901  to R 908  are the single bonds, a substituent of the substituted alkyl group is an alkyl group, an aryl group, a halogen atom, or a carbonyl group, a substituent of the substituted aryl group or hetero ring is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group, a halogen-substituted alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a carbonyl group, Z 201 , Z 301 , Z 401 , and Z 501  each independently represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or an oxygen atom, R 209  and R 210  are absent when Z 201  is the oxygen atom, R 210  is absent when Z 201  is the nitrogen atom, R 307  and R 308  are absent when Z 301  is the oxygen atom, R 308  is absent when Z 301  is the nitrogen atom, R 407  and R 408  are absent when Z 401  is the oxygen atom, R 408  is absent when Z 401  is the nitrogen atom, R 509  and R 510  are absent when Z 501  is the oxygen atom, and R 510  is absent when Z 501  is the nitrogen atom.
 
     Another disclosed aspect of the present invention provides a process cartridge detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, in which the process cartridge integrally supports the electrophotographic photosensitive member described above, and at least one device selected from the group consisting of a charging device, a developing device, a transferring device, and a cleaning device. 
     Another disclosed aspect of the present invention provides an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member described above, a charging device, an exposure device, a developing device; and a transferring device. 
     Aspects of the present invention provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that reduces a positive ghost, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. 
     Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic structure of an electrophotographic apparatus including a process cartridge with an electrophotographic photosensitive member. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an image for evaluating a ghost, the image being used in evaluating a ghost image. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a one-dot, knight-jump pattern image. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate the layer structure of an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to aspects of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     An undercoat layer according to an embodiment of the present invention is a layer (cured layer) having a structure represented by the following formula (C1) or a structure represented by the following formula (C2). 
     The inventors speculate that the reason an electrophotographic photosensitive member including the undercoat layer according to an embodiment of the present invention has the effect of achieving the reduction of the occurrence of a positive ghost at a high level is as follows. 
     In the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to an embodiment of the present invention, the undercoat layer has a structure in which a melamine compound or a guanamine compound is bound to both of an electron-transporting substance and a resin, the structure being represented by the formula (C1) or (C2). 
     In the structure represented by the formula (C1) or (C2), it is speculated that a triazine ring having the electron-withdrawing ability and an electron-transporting moiety represented by A 1  are bound together and interact with each other to form a conduction level considered as a factor for the electron-transporting ability. The uniformization of the conduction level will be less likely to cause electrons to be trapped, thereby reducing residual charge. 
     In an undercoat layer containing such a plurality of components, however, the component having the same structure aggregates easily, in some cases. In the undercoat layer according to an embodiment of the present invention, the triazine ring bound to the electron-transporting moiety is bound to a molecular chain of the resin (a group represented by the formula (i)); hence, the uneven distribution of the same component due to its aggregation in the undercoat layer is inhibited, thereby forming a uniform conduction level. As a result, it is speculated that electrons are less likely to be trapped, thereby reducing residual charge and suppressing the occurrence of the positive ghost during long-term, repeated use. It is also speculated that a cured product having a structure represented by the formula (C1) or (C2) is formed, thus inhibiting the elution of the electron-transporting substance to provide the effect of reducing a ghost at a higher level. 
     The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a support, the undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer. The photosensitive layer may be a photosensitive layer having a laminated structure (functionally separated structure) including a charge-generating layer that contains a charge-generating substance and a charge-transporting layer that contains a charge-transporting substance. The photosensitive layer having a laminated structure may be a normal-order-type photosensitive layer including the charge-generating layer and the charge-transporting layer stacked, in that order, from the support side in view of electrophotographic properties. 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate examples of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to an embodiment of the present invention. In  FIGS. 4A and 4B , reference numeral  101  denotes a support, reference numeral  102  denotes an undercoat layer, reference numeral  103  denotes a photosensitive layer, reference numeral  104  denotes a charge-generating layer, and reference numeral  105  denotes a charge-transporting layer. 
     As common electrophotographic photosensitive members, cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive members including photosensitive layers (charge-generating layers and charge-transporting layers) formed on cylindrical supports are widely used. Electrophotographic photosensitive members may have belt- and sheet-like shapes. 
     Undercoat Layer 
     The undercoat layer is provided between the photosensitive layer and the support or a conductive layer described below. The undercoat layer has a structure represented by the following formula (C1) or a structure represented by the following formula (C2). In other words, the undercoat layer contains a cured product (polymer) having a structure represented by the following formula (C1) or a structure represented by the following formula (C2): 
                         
wherein, in the formula (C1), R 11  to R 16 , and R 22  to R 25  each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methylene group, a monovalent group represented by —CH 2 OR 2 , a group represented by the following formula (i), or a group represented by the following formula (ii); at least one of R 11  to R 16 , and at least one of R 22  to R 25  are each the group represented by the formula (i); and at least one of R 11  to R 16 , and at least one of R 22  to R 25  are each the group represented by the formula (ii); R 2  represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R 21  represents an alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group,
 
                         
wherein, in the formula (i), R 61  represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, Y 1  represents a single bond, an alkylene group, or a phenylene group, D 1  represents a divalent group represented by any one of the following formulae (D1) to (D4), the alkyl group may be a methyl group or an ethyl group, the alkylene group may be a methylene group, and “*” in the formula (i) indicates the side to which a nitrogen atom in the formula (C1) or a nitrogen atom in the formula (C2) is bound,
 
                         
wherein, in the formula (ii), D 2  represents a divalent group represented by any one of the foregoing formulae (D1) to (D4), α represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms and being substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms and being substituted with a benzyl group, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms and being substituted with an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms and being substituted with a phenyl group, one of the carbon atoms in the main chain of the alkylene group may be replaced with O, S, NH, or NR 1 , R 1  representing an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, β represents a phenylene group, a phenylene group substituted with an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenylene group substituted with a nitro group, or a phenylene group substituted with a halogen atom, γ represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 main-chain atoms and substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, l, m, and n each independently represent 0 or 1, A 1  represents a divalent group represented by any one of the following formulae (A1) to (A9), “*” in the formula (ii) indicates the side to which a nitrogen atom in the formula (C1) or a nitrogen atom in the formula (C2) is bound,
 
                                           
wherein, in the formulae (A1) to (A9), R 101  to R 106 , R 201  to R 210 , R 301  to R 308 , R 401  to R 408 , R 501  to R 510 , R 601  to R 606 , R 701  to R 708 , R 801  to R 810 , and R 901  to R 908  each independently represent a single bond, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carboxyl group, a dialkylamino group, a hydroxy group, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, or an unsubstituted or substituted hetero ring; at least two of R 101  to R 106 , at least two of R 201  to R 210 , at least two of R 301  to R 308 , at least two of R 401  to R 408 , at least two of R 501  to R 510 , at least two of R 601  to R 606 , at least two of R 701  to R 708 , at least two of R 801  to R 810 , and at least two of R 901  to R 908  are the single bonds; a substituent of the substituted alkyl group is an alkyl group, an aryl group, a halogen atom, or a carbonyl group; a substituent of the substituted aryl group or hetero ring is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group, a halogen-substituted alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a carbonyl group; Z 201 , Z 301 , Z 401 , and Z 501  each independently represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or an oxygen atom; R 209  and R 210  are absent when Z 201  is the oxygen atom; R 210  is absent when Z 201  is the nitrogen atom; R 307  and R 308  are absent when Z 301  is the oxygen atom; R 308  is absent when Z 301  is the nitrogen atom; R 407  and R 408  are absent when Z 401  is the oxygen atom; R 408  is absent when Z 401  is the nitrogen atom; R 509  and R 510  are absent when Z 501  is the oxygen atom; and R 510  is absent when Z 501  is the nitrogen atom.
 
     The structure represented by the formula (C1) includes a moiety derived from a melamine compound. The structure represented by the formula (C2) includes a moiety derived from a guanamine compound. The moiety derived from the melamine compound or the moiety derived from the guanamine compound is bound to the group represented by the formula (i) and the group represented by the formula (ii). The group represented by the formula (i) is a moiety derived from a resin. The group represented by the formula (ii) is an electron-transporting moiety represented by any one of the formulae (A1) to (A9) in the formula (ii). 
     Each of the structure represented by the formula (C1) and the structure represented by the formula (C2) is bound to at least one group represented by the formula (i) and at least one group represented by the formula (ii). The remaining group that is not bound to the group represented by the formula (i) or the group represented by the formula (ii) represents a hydrogen atom, a methylene group, or a monovalent group represented by —CH 2 OR 2  (wherein R 2  represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms). When the remaining group represents a methylene group, the structure may be bound to the melamine structure or the guanamine structure via the methylene group. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The number of main-chain atoms in the formula (ii) except A 1  is preferably 12 or less and more preferably 2 or more and 9 or less because the distance between the triazine ring and the electron-transporting moiety is appropriate and thus the electron-transporting ability is smoothly provided by interaction, thereby further reducing the positive ghost. 
     In the formula (ii), β may represent a phenylene group. α may represent an alkylene group which has 1 to 5 main-chain atoms and which is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or may represent an alkylene group having 1 to 5 main-chain atoms. 
     The content of the structure represented by the formula (C1) or the structure represented by the formula (C2) in the undercoat layer may be 30% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the undercoat layer. 
     The content of the structure represented by the formula (C1) or (C2) in the undercoat layer may be analyzed by a common analytical method. An example of the analytical method is described below. The content of the structure represented by the formula (C1) or (C2) is determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) using a KBr tablet method. A calibration curve is formed on the basis of absorption resulting from the triazine ring using samples having different melamine contents with respect to a KBr powder, so that the content of the structure represented by the formula (C1) or (C2) in the undercoat layer can be calculated. 
     Furthermore, the structure represented by the formula (C1) or (C2) can be identified by analyzing the undercoat layer by measurement methods, such as solid-state  13 C-NMR measurement, mass spectrometry measurement, MS-spectrum measurement by pyrolysis GC-MS analysis, and characteristic absorption measurement by infrared spectrophotometry. For example, solid-state  13 C-NMR measurement was performed with CMX-300 Infiniy manufactured by Chemagnetics under conditions: observed nucleus:  13 C, reference substance: polydimethylsiloxane, number of acquisitions: 8192, pulse sequence: CP/MAS, DD/MAS, pulse width: 2.1 μsec (DD/MAS), 4.2 μsec (CP/MAS), contact time 2.0 msec, and spinning rate of sample: 10 kHz. 
     With respect to mass spectrometry, the molecular weight was measured with a mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS, Model: ultraflex, manufactured by Bruker Daltonics) under conditions: accelerating voltage: 20 kV, mode: Reflector, and molecular weight standard: fullerene C 60 . The molecular weight was determined on the basis of the value at the peak maximum observed. 
     The molecular weight of the resin was measured with a gel permeation chromatograph “HLC-8120” manufactured by TOSOH CORPORATION and calculated in terms of polystyrene. 
     To enhance the film formability and the electrophotographic properties, the undercoat layer may contain, for example, organic particles, inorganic particles, metal oxide particles, a leveling agent, and a catalyst to promote curing in addition to the structure represented by the formula (C1) or (C2). However, the content thereof is preferably less than 50% by mass and more preferably less than 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer may have a thickness of 0.1 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less. 
     While specific examples of the structure represented by the formula (C1) or (C2) are illustrated below, the present invention is not limited thereto. In each of the specific examples, the number of main-chain atoms other than A 1 , which serves as an electron-transporting moiety, is described. In Tables 1 to 27, binding sites are indicated by dotted lines. The term “single” indicates a single bond. The lateral direction of the group represented by the formula (i) and the group represented by the formula (ii) is the same as the lateral direction of each of the structures illustrated in Tables 1 to 27. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number 
                   
               
               
                   
                 of main- 
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                 chain  
                 Formula (ii) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 104 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 105 
                 5 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 106 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 107 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 108 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 109 
                 5 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 110 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 111 
                 5 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 112 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 113 
                 5 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 114 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 115 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 116 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 117 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 118 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 119 
                 5 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 120 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 121 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 122 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 123 
                 10 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 124 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 R 61   
                 Y 
                 D1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102 
                 CH 3   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103 
                 C 2 H 5   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 104 
                 H 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 105 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 106 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 107 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 108 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 109 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 110 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 111 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 112 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 113 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 114 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 115 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 116 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 117 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 118 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 119 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 120 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 121 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 122 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 123 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 124 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C1) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 R 11   
                 R 12   
                 R 13   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 104 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 105 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 106 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 107 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 108 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 109 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 110 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 111 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 112 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 113 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 114 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 115 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 116 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 117 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 118 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 119 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 120 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 121 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 122 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 123 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 124 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number  
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                 of main- 
                   
               
               
                 exam- 
                 chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ple 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 B 2   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 125 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 126 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 127 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 128 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 129 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 130 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 131 
                 4 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 132 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 133 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 134 
                 5 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 135 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 136 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 137 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 138 
                 10 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 139 
                 10 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
                 B 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 125 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 126 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 127 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 128 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 129 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 130 
                 C 2 H 5   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 131 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 132 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 133 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 134 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 135 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 136 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 137 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 138 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 139 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C2) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 example 
                 R 21   
                 R 22   
                 R 23   
                 R 24   
                 R 25   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 125 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 126 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 127 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 128 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 129 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 130 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 131 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 132 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 133 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 134 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 135 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 136 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 137 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 138 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 139 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Num-  
                   
               
               
                 Spe- 
                 ber of 
                   
               
               
                 cific 
                 main- 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 exam- 
                 chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ple 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 
                 D 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 201 
                 5 
                 sin- gle 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 202 
                 6 
                 sin- gle 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 203 
                 6 
                 sin- gle 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 204 
                 6 
                 sin- gle 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C1) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 example 
                 R 11   
                 R 12   
                 R 13   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 201 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 202 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 203 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 204 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number of 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 main-chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
                 D 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 205 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 206 
                 5 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 207 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 208 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C2) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 R 21   
                 R 22   
                 R 23   
                 R 24   
                 R 25   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 205 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 206 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 207 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 208 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Num- 
                   
               
               
                 Spe- 
                 ber of 
                   
               
               
                 cific 
                 main- 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 exam- 
                 chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ple 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 301 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 302 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 303 
                 5 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 304 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C1) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 example 
                 D 1   
                 R 11   
                 R 12   
                 R 13   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 301 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 302 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 303 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 304 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Num-  
                   
               
               
                 Spe- 
                 ber of 
                   
               
               
                 cific 
                 main- 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 exam- 
                 chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ple 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
                 D 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 305 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 306 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C2) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 example 
                 R21 
                 R22 
                 R23 
                 R24 
                 R25 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 305 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 306 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Spe- 
                 Number  
                   
               
               
                 cific 
                 of main- 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 exam- 
                 chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ple 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 401 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 402 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 403 
                 8 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 sngle 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 404 
                 8 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 405 
                 8 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C1) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 D 1   
                 R 11   
                 R 12   
                 R 13   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 401 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 402 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 403 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 404 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 405 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Num- 
                   
               
               
                 Spe- 
                 ber of 
                   
               
               
                 cific 
                 main- 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 exam- 
                 chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ple 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
                 D 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 406 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 sin- gle 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 407 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 sin- gle 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 408 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 sin- gle 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 409 
                 10 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 sin- gle 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C2) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 example 
                 R 21   
                 R 22   
                 R 23   
                 R 24   
                 R 25   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 406 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 407 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 408 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 409 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i)  
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number of 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 main-chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 501 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 C 2 H 5   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 502 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 503 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 504 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 505 
                 3 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 506 
                 3 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 507 
                 2 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 508 
                 10  
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C1) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 D 1   
                 R 11   
                 R 12   
                 R 13   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 501 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 502 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 503 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 504 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 505 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 506 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 507 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 508 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Num- 
                   
               
               
                 Spe- 
                 ber of 
                   
               
               
                 cific 
                 main- 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 exam- 
                 chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ple 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
                 D 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 509 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 510 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 511 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 512 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 513 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 C 2 H 5   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 514 
                 3 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 515 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 516 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 517 
                 2 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C2) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 R 21   
                 R 22   
                 R 23   
                 R 24   
                 R 25   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 509 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 510 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 511 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 512 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 513 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 514 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 515 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 516 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 517 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number  
                   
               
               
                   
                 of 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 main-chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 601 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 602 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 603 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 604 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 C 2 H 5   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 605 
                 5 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 606 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 CH 3   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C1) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 D 1   
                 R 11   
                 R 12   
                 R 13   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 601 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 602 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 603 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 604 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 605 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 606 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Num-  
                   
               
               
                 Spe- 
                 ber of 
                   
               
               
                 cific 
                 main- 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 exam- 
                 chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ple 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
                 D 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 607 
                 6 
                 sin- gle 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 608 
                 6 
                 sin- gle 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 CH 3   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 609 
                 6 
                 sin- gle 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C2) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 example 
                 R 21   
                 R 22   
                 R 23   
                 R 24   
                 R 25   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 607 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 608 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 609 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number of 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                 main-chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 701 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 702 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 703 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 704 
                 5 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 705 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C1) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 D 1   
                 R 11   
                 R 12   
                 R 13   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 701 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 702 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 703 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 704 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii)  
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 705 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number of  
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                 main-chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 706 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 707 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 708 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 709 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
                 D 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 706 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 707 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 708 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 709 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C2) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 R 21   
                 R 22   
                 R 23   
                 R 24   
                 R 25   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 706 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 707 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 708 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 709 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 of main- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                 chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 801 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 802 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 803 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 804 
                 5 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 805 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 806 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 C 2 H 5   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C1) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 D 1   
                 R 11   
                 R 12   
                 R 13   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 801 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 802 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 803 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 804 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 805 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 806 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Spec- 
                 Number 
                   
                   
               
               
                 ific 
                 of main- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 exam- 
                 chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ple 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
                 D 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 807 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 sin- gle 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 sin- gle 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 808 
                 6 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 sin- gle 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 sin- gle 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C2) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 example 
                 R 21   
                 R 22   
                 R 23   
                 R 24   
                 R 25   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 807 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 808 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number of 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                 main-chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 901 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 902 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 903 
                 2 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 904 
                 7 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 905 
                 2 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C1) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 D 1   
                 R 11   
                 R 12   
                 R 13   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 901 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula(ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 902 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 903 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 904 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 H 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 905 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 18 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number of 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                 main-chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
                 D 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 906 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 907 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 908 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C2) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 example 
                 R 21   
                 R 22   
                 R 23   
                 R 24   
                 R 25   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 906 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 907 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 908 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 19 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number of 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                 main-chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 140 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 141 
                 7 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 142 
                 7 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C1) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 D 1   
                 R 11   
                 R 12   
                 R 13   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 140 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 141 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 142 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 20 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Number of 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                 main-chain 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 Formula (i) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 example 
                 atoms 
                 α 
                 l 
                 β 
                 m 
                 γ 
                 n 
                 D 2   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 143 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 144 
                 7 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 145 
                 7 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 single 
                 0 
                 single 
                 0 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
                 single 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                 Formula (C2) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 example 
                 R 21   
                 R 22   
                 R 23   
                 R 24   
                 R 25   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 143 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 144 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 145 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (ii) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Formula (i) 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 21 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                   
               
               
                 example 
                 A 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 101 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 104 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 105 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 106 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 107 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 108 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 109 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 110 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 111 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 112 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 113 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 114 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 115 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 116 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 117 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 118 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 119 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 120 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 121 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 122 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 123 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 124 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 22 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                   
               
               
                 example 
                 A 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 125 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 126 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 127 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 128 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 129 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 130 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 131 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 132 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 133 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 134 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 135 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 136 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 137 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 138 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 139 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 23 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                   
               
               
                 example 
                 A 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 201 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 202 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 203 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 204 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 205 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 206 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 207 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 208 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 301 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 302 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 303 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 304 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 305 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 306 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 401 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 402 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 403 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 24 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                   
               
               
                 example 
                 A 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 404 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 405 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 406 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 407 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 408 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 409 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 501 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 502 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 503 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 504 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 505 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 506 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 507 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 508 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 509 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 510 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 511 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 512 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 25 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                   
               
               
                 example 
                 A 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 513 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 514 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 515 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 516 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 517 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 601 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 602 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 603 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 604 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 605 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 606 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 607 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 608 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 609 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 701 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 702 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 703 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 704 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 705 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 706 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 707 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 708 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 709 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 26 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                   
               
               
                 example 
                 A 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 801 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 802 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 803 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 804 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 805 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 806 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 807 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 808 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 901 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 902 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 903 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 904 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 905 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 906 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 907 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 908 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 27 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Specific 
                   
               
               
                 example 
                 A 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 140 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 141 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 142 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 143 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 144 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 145 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The undercoat layer having the structure represented by the formula (C1) or the structure represented by the formula (C2) is formed by applying an undercoat layer coating liquid which contains a melamine compound or a guanamine compound, a resin containing a polymerizable functional group capable of reacting with these compounds, and an electron-transporting substance containing a polymerizable functional group capable of reacting with these compounds to form a coating film, and then thermally curing the resulting coating film. 
     Melamine Compound and Guanamine Compound 
     The melamine compound and the guanamine compound are described below. The melamine compound or the guanamine compound is synthesized by a known method using, for example, formaldehyde and melamine or guanamine. 
     Specific examples of the melamine compound and the guanamine compound are described below. While the specific examples described below are monomers, oligomers (multimers) of the monomers may be contained. From the viewpoint of suppressing the positive ghost, the monomer may be contained in an amount of 10% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the monomer and the multimer. The degree of polymerization of the multimer may be 2 or more and 100 or less. The multimers and the monomers may be used in combination of two or more. Examples of the melamine compound that are commonly available include SUPER MELAMI No. 90 (manufactured by NOF Corporation); SUPER BECKAMIN (R) TD-139-60, L-105-60, L127-60, L110-60, J-820-60, and G-821-60 (manufactured by DIC Inc.); UBAN 2020 (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.); SUMITEX RESIN M-3 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.); NIKALACK MW-30, MW-390, and MX-750LM (manufactured by Nippon Carbide Industries Co., Inc). Examples of the guanamine compound that are commonly commercially available include SUPER BECKAMIN (R) L-148-55, 13-535, L-145-60, and TD-126 (manufactured by DIC Inc.); and NIKALACK BL-60 and BX-4000 (manufactured by Nippon Carbide Industries Co., Inc). 
     Specific examples of the melamine compound are described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Specific examples of the guanamine compound are described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The electron-transporting substance containing a polymerizable functional group capable of reacting with the melamine compound or the guanamine compound is described below. The electron-transporting substance is derived from a structure represented by A 1  in the formula (ii). The electron-transporting substance may be a monomer containing an electron-transporting moiety represented by any one of the formula (A1) to (A9) or may be an oligomer containing a plurality of electron-transporting moieties. In the case of the oligomer, from the viewpoint of inhibiting electron trapping, the oligomer may have a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 5000 or less. 
     Examples of the electron-transporting substance are described below. Specific examples of a compound having a structure represented by the formula (A1) are described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Specific examples of a compound having a structure represented by the formula (A2) are described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Specific examples of a compound having a structure represented by the formula (A3) are described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Specific examples of a compound having a structure represented by the formula (A4) are described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Specific examples of a compound having a structure represented by the formula (A5) are described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Specific examples of a compound having a structure represented by the formula (A6) are described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Specific examples of a compound having a structure represented by the formula (A7) are described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Specific examples of a compound having a structure represented by the formula (A8) are described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Specific examples of a compound having a structure represented by the formula (A9) are described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A derivative having a structure represented by (A1) (a derivative of an electron-transporting substance) can be synthesized by known synthetic methods described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,442,193, 4,992,349, and 5,468,583, and Chemistry of materials, Vol. 19, No. 11, pp. 2703-2705 (2007). The derivative can be synthesized by a reaction of naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and a monoamine derivative, which are available from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., or Johnson Matthey Japan Inc. 
     A compound represented by (A1) contains a polymerizable functional group (a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a methoxy group) that can be cured (polymerized) with the melamine compound or the guanamine compound. As a method for introducing the polymerizable functional group into the derivative having a structure represented by (A1), there are a method in which the polymerizable functional group is directly introduced; and a method in which a structure having the polymerizable functional group or a functional group that can be formed into a precursor of a polymerizable functional group is introduced. Examples of the latter method include a method in which a functional group-containing aryl group is introduced into a halogenated compound of a naphthylimide derivative by a cross-coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst and a base; a method in which a functional group-containing alkyl group is introduced by a cross-coupling reaction using a FeCl 3  catalyst and a base; and a method in which after lithiation, an epoxy compound or CO 2  is allowed to react to introduce a hydroxyalkyl group or a carboxyl group. There is a method in which a naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride derivative or a monoamine derivative containing the polymerizable functional group or a functional group that can be formed into a precursor of the polymerizable functional group is used as a raw material for the synthesis of the naphthylimide derivative. 
     A derivative having a structure represented by (A2) is available from, for example, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., or Johnson Matthey Japan Inc. Alternatively, the derivative can also be synthesized from a phenanthrene derivative or a phenanthroline derivative by a synthetic method described in Chem. Educator No. 6, pp. 227-234 (2001), Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan, Vol. 15, pp. 29-32 (1957), or Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan, Vol. 15, pp. 32-34 (1957). A dicyanomethylene group can also be introduced by reaction with malononitrile. 
     A compound represented by (A2) contains a polymerizable functional group (a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a methoxy group) that can be polymerized with the melamine compound or the guanamine compound. As a method for introducing the polymerizable functional group into the derivative having a structure represented by (A2), there are a method in which the polymerizable functional group is directly introduced; and a method in which a structure having the polymerizable functional group or a functional group to be formed into a precursor of a polymerizable functional group is introduced. Examples of the latter method include a method in which a functional group-containing aryl group is introduced into a halogenated compound of phenanthrenequinone by a cross-coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst and a base; a method in which a functional group-containing alkyl group is introduced by a cross-coupling reaction using a FeCl 3  catalyst and a base; and a method in which after lithiation, an epoxy compound or CO 2  is allowed to react to introduce a hydroxyalkyl group or a carboxyl group. 
     A derivative having a structure represented by (A3) is available from, for example, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., or Johnson Matthey Japan Inc. Alternatively, the derivative can also be synthesized from a phenanthrene derivative or a phenanthroline derivative by a synthetic method described in Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., Vol. 65, pp. 1006-1011 (1992). A dicyanomethylene group can also be introduced by reaction with malononitrile. 
     A compound represented by (A3) contains a polymerizable functional group (a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a methoxy group) that can be polymerized with the melamine compound or the guanamine compound. As a method for introducing the polymerizable functional group into the derivative having a structure represented by (A3), there are a method in which the polymerizable functional group is directly introduced; and a method in which a structure having the polymerizable functional group or a functional group to be formed into a precursor of a polymerizable functional group is introduced. Examples of the latter method include a method in which a functional group-containing aryl group is introduced into a halogenated compound of phenanthrolinequinone by a cross-coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst and a base; a method in which a functional group-containing alkyl group is introduced by a cross-coupling reaction using a FeCl 3  catalyst and a base; and a method in which after lithiation, an epoxy compound or CO 2  is allowed to react to introduce a hydroxyalkyl group or a carboxyl group. 
     A derivative having a structure represented by (A4) is available from, for example, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., or Johnson Matthey Japan Inc. Alternatively, the derivative can also be synthesized from an acenaphthenequinone derivative by a synthetic method described in Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 43, issue 16, pp. 2991-2994 (2002) or Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 44, issue 10, pp. 2087-2091 (2003). A dicyanomethylene group can also be introduced by reaction with malononitrile. 
     A compound represented by (A4) contains a polymerizable functional group (a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a methoxy group) that can be polymerized with the melamine compound or the guanamine compound. As a method for introducing the polymerizable functional group into the derivative having a structure represented by (A4), there are a method in which the polymerizable functional group is directly introduced; and a method in which a structure having the polymerizable functional group or a functional group to be formed into a precursor of a polymerizable functional group is introduced. Examples of the latter method include a method in which a functional group-containing aryl group is introduced into a halogenated compound of acenaphthenequinone by a cross-coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst and a base; a method in which a functional group-containing alkyl group is introduced by a cross-coupling reaction using a FeCl 3  catalyst and a base; and a method in which after lithiation, an epoxy compound or CO 2  is allowed to react to introduce a hydroxyalkyl group or a carboxyl group. 
     A derivative having a structure represented by (A5) is available from, for example, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., or Johnson Matthey Japan Inc. Alternatively, the derivative can also be synthesized from a fluorenone derivative and malononitrile by a synthetic method described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,562,132. In addition, the derivative can also be synthesized from a fluorenone derivative and an aniline derivative by a synthetic method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-279582 or 7-70038. 
     A compound represented by (A5) contains a polymerizable functional group (a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a methoxy group) that can be polymerized with the melamine compound or the guanamine compound. As a method for introducing the polymerizable functional group into the derivative having a structure represented by (A5), there are a method in which the polymerizable functional group is directly introduced; and a method in which a structure having the polymerizable functional group or a functional group to be formed into a precursor of a polymerizable functional group is introduced. Examples of the latter method include a method in which a functional group-containing aryl group is introduced into a halogenated compound of fluorenone by a cross-coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst and a base; a method in which a functional group-containing alkyl group is introduced by a cross-coupling reaction using a FeCl 3  catalyst and a base; and a method in which after lithiation, an epoxy compound or CO 2  is allowed to react to introduce a hydroxyalkyl group or a carboxyl group. 
     A derivative having a structure represented by (A6) can be synthesized by a synthetic method described in, Chemistry Letters, 37(3), pp. 360-361 (2008) or Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-151157. Alternatively, the derivative is available from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., or Johnson Matthey Japan Inc. 
     A compound represented by (A6) contains a polymerizable functional group (a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a methoxy group) that can be polymerized with the melamine compound or the guanamine compound. As a method for introducing the polymerizable functional group into the derivative having a structure represented by (A6), there is a method in which a structure having the polymerizable functional group or a functional group to be formed into a precursor of a polymerizable functional group is introduced into a naphthoquinone derivative. Examples of the method include a method in which a functional group-containing aryl group is introduced into a halogenated compound of naphthoquinone by a cross-coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst and a base; a method in which a functional group-containing alkyl group is introduced by a cross-coupling reaction using a FeCl 3  catalyst and a base; and a method in which after lithiation, an epoxy compound or CO 2  is allowed to react to introduce a hydroxyalkyl group or a carboxyl group. 
     A derivative having a structure represented by (A7) can be synthesized by a synthetic method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-206349 or the proceedings of PPCI/Japan Hardcopy &#39;98, p. 207 (1998). For example, the derivative can be synthesized from a phenol derivative, which is available from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. or Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., serving as a raw material. 
     A compound represented by (A7) contains a polymerizable functional group (a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a methoxy group) that can be polymerized with the melamine compound or the guanamine compound. As a method for introducing the polymerizable functional group into the derivative having a structure represented by (A7), there is a method in which a structure having the polymerizable functional group or a functional group to be formed into a precursor of a polymerizable functional group is introduced. Examples of the method include a method in which a functional group-containing aryl group is introduced into a halogenated compound of diphenoquinone by a cross-coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst and a base; a method in which a functional group-containing alkyl group is introduced by a cross-coupling reaction using a FeCl 3  catalyst and a base; and a method in which after lithiation, an epoxy compound or CO 2  is allowed to react to introduce a hydroxyalkyl group or a carboxyl group. 
     A derivative having a structure represented by (A8) can be synthesized by a known synthetic method described in, for example, Journal of the American chemical society, Vol. 129, No. 49, pp. 15259-78 (2007). For example, the derivative can be synthesized by a reaction between perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and a monoamine derivative, which are available from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., or Johnson Matthey Japan Inc. 
     A compound represented by (A8) contains a polymerizable functional group (a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a methoxy group) that can be polymerized with the melamine compound or the guanamine compound. As a method for introducing the polymerizable functional group into the derivative having a structure represented by (A8), there are a method in which the polymerizable functional group is directly introduced; and a method in which a structure having the polymerizable functional group or a functional group that can be formed into a precursor of a polymerizable functional group is introduced. Examples of the latter method include a method in which a cross-coupling reaction of a halogenated compound of a perylene imide derivative is used with a palladium catalyst and a base; and a method in which a cross-coupling reaction is used with a FeCl 3  catalyst and a base. There is a method in which a perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride derivative or a monoamine derivative containing the polymerizable functional group or a functional group that can be formed into a precursor of the polymerizable functional group is used as a raw material for the synthesis of the perylene imide derivative. 
     A derivative having a structure represented by (A9) is available from, for example, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., or Johnson Matthey Japan Inc. 
     A compound represented by (A9) contains a polymerizable functional group (a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a methoxy group) that can be polymerized with the melamine compound or the guanamine compound. As a method for introducing the polymerizable functional group into the derivative having a structure represented by (A9), there is a method in which a structure having the polymerizable functional group or a functional group to be formed into a precursor of a polymerizable functional group is introduced into a commercially available anthraquinone derivative. Examples of the method include a method in which a functional group-containing aryl group is introduced into a halogenated compound of anthraquinone by a cross-coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst and a base; a method in which a functional group-containing alkyl group is introduced by a cross-coupling reaction using a FeCl 3  catalyst and a base; and a method in which after lithiation, an epoxy compound or CO 2  is allowed to react to introduce a hydroxyalkyl group or a carboxyl group. 
     Resin 
     The resin containing a polymerizable functional group capable of reacting with the melamine compound or the guanamine compound is described below. The resin contains the group represented by the formula (i). The resin is prepared by the polymerization of a monomer containing a polymerizable functional group (a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a methoxy group), the monomer being available from, for example, Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., or Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. 
     Alternatively, the resin can usually be purchased. Examples of the resin that can be purchased include polyether polyol-based resins, such as AQD-457 and AQD-473 manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd. and SANNIX GP-400 and GP-700 manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.; polyester polyol-based resins, such as PHTHALKYD W2343 manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd., Watersol S-118 and CD-520 and BECKOLITE M-6402-50 and M-6201-401M manufactured by DIC Corporation, HARIDIP WH-1188 manufactured by Harima Chemicals Group, Inc., and ES3604 and ES6538 manufactured by Japan U-PiCA Company, Ltd.; polyacrylic polyol-based resins, such as BURNOCK WE-300 and WE-304 manufactured by DIC Corporation; polyvinyl alcohol-based resins, such as KURARAY POVAL PVA-203 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.; polyvinyl acetal-based resins, such as BX-1, BM-1, KS-1, and KS-5 manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.; polyamide-based resins, such as Toresin FS-350 manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation; carboxyl group-containing resins, such as AQUALIC manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., and FINELEX SG2000 manufactured by Namariichi Co., Ltd.; polyamine resins, such as LUCKAMIDE manufactured by DIC Corporation; and polythiol resins, such as QE-340M manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. Among these products, polyvinyl acetal-based resins, polyester polyol-based resins, and so forth may be used from the viewpoint of polymerizability and the uniformity of the undercoat layer. 
     The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the resin is preferably in the range of 5,000 or more and 400,000 or less and more preferably 5,000 or more and 300,000 or less. 
     Examples of quantitative methods of functional groups in the resin include the titration of carboxyl groups with potassium hydroxide; the titration of amino groups with sodium nitrite; the titration of hydroxy groups with acetic anhydride and potassium hydroxide; the titration of thiol group with 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid); and a calibration curve method using a calibration curve obtained from IR spectra of samples having different functional group contents. 
     Subsequently, specific examples of the resin are described below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 28 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Structure 
                 Per 
                 Another 
                 Molecular 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 R 61   
                 Y 1   
                 D 1   
                 gram 
                 moiety 
                 weight 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 B1 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 3.3 mmol 
                 butyral 
                 1 × 10 5   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B2 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 3.3 mmol 
                 butyral 
                 4 × 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B3 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 3.3 mmol 
                 butyral 
                 2 × 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B4 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 1.0 mmol 
                 polyolefin 
                 1 × 10 5   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B5 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 3.0 mmol 
                 ester 
                 8 × 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B6 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 2.5 mmol 
                 polyether 
                 5 × 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B7 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 2.8 mmol 
                 cellulose 
                 3 × 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B8 
                 H 
                 single 
                 COOH 
                 3.5 mmol 
                 polyolefin 
                 6 × 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B9 
                 H 
                 single 
                 NH 2   
                 1.2 mmol 
                 polyamide 
                 2 × 10 5   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B10 
                 H 
                 single 
                 SH 
                 1.3 mmol 
                 polyolefin 
                 9 × 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B11 
                 H 
                 phenylene 
                 OH 
                 2.8 mmol 
                 polyolefin 
                 4 × 10 3   
               
               
                 B12 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 3.0 mmol 
                 butyral 
                 7 × 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B13 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 2.9 mmol 
                 polyester 
                 2 × 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B14 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 2.5 mmol 
                 polyester 
                 6 × 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B15 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 2.7 mmol 
                 polyester 
                 8 × 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B16 
                 H 
                 single 
                 COOH 
                 1.4 mmol 
                 polyolefin 
                 2 × 10 5   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B17 
                 H 
                 single 
                 COOH 
                 2.2 mmol 
                 polyester 
                 9 × 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B18 
                 H 
                 single 
                 COOH 
                 2.8 mmol 
                 polyester 
                 8 × 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B19 
                 CH 3   
                 alkylene 
                 OH 
                 1.5 mmol 
                 polyester 
                 2 × 10 4   
               
               
                 B20 
                 C 2 H 5   
                 alkylene 
                 OH 
                 2.1 mmol 
                 polyester 
                 1 × 10 4   
               
               
                 B21 
                 C 2 H 5   
                 alkylene 
                 OH 
                 3.0 mmol 
                 polyester 
                 5 × 10 4   
               
               
                 B22 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OCH 3   
                 2.8 mmol 
                 polyolefin 
                 7 × 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B23 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 3.3 mmol 
                 butyral 
                 2.7 × 10 5    
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B24 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 3.3 mmol 
                 butyral 
                 4 × 10 5   
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                 B25 
                 H 
                 single 
                 OH 
                 2.5 mmol 
                 acetal 
                 3.4 × 10 5    
               
               
                   
                   
                 bond 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The ratio of the functional groups contained in the melamine compound and the guanamine compound to the sum of the polymerizable functional groups in the resin and the electron-transporting substance (a compound having a structure represented by any one of (A1) to (A9)) may be 1:0.5 to 1:3.0 because the proportion of the functional groups that react is increased. 
     A solvent to prepare the undercoat layer coating liquid may be freely-selected from alcohols, aromatic solvents, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, ketone alcohols, ethers, esters, and so forth. Specific examples of the solvent that may be used include organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, benzyl alcohol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and toluene. These solvents may be used separately or in combination as a mixture of two or more. 
     The curability of the undercoat layer was checked as described below. A coating film of the undercoat layer coating liquid containing the resin, the electron-transporting substance, and the melamine compound or the guanamine compound was formed on an aluminum sheet with a Meyer bar. The coating film was dried by heating at 160° C. for 40 minutes to form an undercoat layer. The resulting undercoat layer was immersed in a cyclohexanone/ethyl acetate (1/1) solvent mixture for 2 minutes and then dried at 160° C. for 5 minutes. The weight of the undercoat layer was measured before and after the immersion. In examples, it was confirmed that the elution of a component of the undercoat layer due to the immersion (weight difference: within ±2%) did not occur. 
     Support 
     The support may be a support having electrical conductivity (conductive support). Examples of the support that may be used include supports composed of metals, such as aluminum, nickel, copper, gold, and iron, and alloys; and a support in which a thin film composed of a metal, for example, aluminum, silver, or gold, or a conductive material, for example, indium oxide or tin oxide, is formed on an insulating base composed of, for example, a polyester resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyimide resin, or glass. 
     A surface of the support may be subjected to electrochemical treatment, such as anodic oxidation, or a process, for example, wet honing, blasting, or cutting in order to improve the electric characteristics and inhibit interference fringes. 
     A conductive layer may be provided between the support and the undercoat layer. The conductive layer is formed by forming a coating film composed of a conductive layer coating liquid containing conductive particles dispersed in a resin on a support and drying the coating film. Examples of the conductive particles include carbon black, acetylene black, powders of metals composed of aluminum, nickel, iron, nichrome, copper, zinc, and silver, and powders of metal oxides, such as conductive tin oxide and indium tin oxide (ITO). 
     Examples of the resin include polyester resins, polycarbonate resins, polyvinyl butyral resins, acrylic resins, silicone resins, epoxy resins, melamine resins, urethane resins, phenolic resins, and alkyd resins. 
     Examples of a solvent for the conductive layer coating liquid include ether-based solvents, alcohol-based solvents, ketone-based solvents, and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents. The conductive layer preferably has a thickness of 0.2 μm or more and 40 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or more and 35 μm or less, and still more preferably 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less. 
     Photosensitive Layer 
     The photosensitive layer is provided on the undercoat layer. 
     Examples of the charge-generating substance include azo pigment, perylene pigments, anthraquinone derivatives, anthanthrone derivatives, dibenzopyrenequinone derivatives, pyranthrone derivatives, violanthrone derivatives, isoviolanthrone derivatives, indigo derivatives, thioindigo derivatives, phthalocyanine pigments, such as metal phthalocyanines and non-metal phthalocyanines, and bisbenzimidazole derivatives. Among these compounds, azo pigments and phthalocyanine pigments may be used. Among phthalocyanine pigments, oxytitanium phthalocyanine, chlorogallium phthalocyanine, and hydroxygallium phthalocyanine may be used. 
     In the case where the photosensitive layer is a laminated photosensitive layer, examples of a binder resin used for the charge-generating layer include polymers and copolymers of vinyl compounds, such as styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, acrylates, methacrylates, vinylidene fluoride, and trifluoroethylene; polyvinyl alcohol resins, polyvinyl acetal resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polysulfone resins, polyphenylene oxide resins, polyurethane resins, cellulose resins, phenolic resins, melamine resins, silicone resins, and epoxy resins. Among these compounds, polyester resins, polycarbonate resins, and polyvinyl acetal resins may be used. Polyvinyl acetal may be used. 
     In the charge-generating layer, the ratio of the charge-generating substance to the binder resin (charge-generating substance/binder resin) is preferably in the range of 10/1 to 1/10 and more preferably 5/1 to 1/5. Examples of a solvent used for a charge-generating layer coating liquid include alcohol-based solvents, sulfoxide-based solvents, ketone-based solvents, ether-based solvents, ester-based solvents, and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents. 
     The charge-generating layer may have a thickness of 0.05 μm or more and 5 μm or less. 
     Examples of a hole-transporting substance include polycyclic aromatic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, hydrazone compounds, styryl compounds, benzidine compounds, triarylamine compounds, and triphenylamine, and also include polymers having groups derived from these compounds on their main chains or side chains. 
     In the case where the photosensitive layer is a laminated photosensitive layer, examples of a binder resin used for the charge-transporting layer (hole-transporting layer) include polyester resins, polycarbonate resins, polymethacrylate resins, polyarylate resins, polysulfone resins, and polystyrene resins. Among these resins, polycarbonate resins and polyarylate resins may be used. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of each of the resins may be in the range of 10,000 or more and 300,000 or less. 
     In the charge-transporting layer, the ratio of the charge-transporting substance to the binder resin (charge-transporting substance/binder resin) is preferably in the range of 10/5 to 5/10 and more preferably 10/8 to 6/10. The charge-transporting layer may have a thickness of 5 μm or more and 40 μm or less. Examples of a solvent used for a charge-transporting layer coating liquid include alcohol-based solvents, sulfoxide-based solvents, ketone-based solvents, ether-based solvents, ester-based solvents, and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents. 
     Another layer, such as a second undercoat layer that does not contain the polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention, may be provided between the support and the undercoat layer or between the undercoat layer and the photosensitive layer. 
     A protective layer (surface protective layer) containing a binder resin and conductive particles or a charge-transporting substance may be provided on the photosensitive layer (charge-transporting layer). The protective layer may further contain an additive, such as a lubricant. The binder resin in the protective layer may have conductivity or charge transportability. In that case, the protective layer may not contain conductive particles or a charge-transporting substance other than the resin. The binder resin in the protective layer may be a thermoplastic resin or a curable resin to be cured by polymerization due to, for example, heat, light, or radiation (e.g., an electron beam). 
     As a method for forming layers, such as the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer, constituting the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a method may be employed in which coating liquids prepared by dissolving and/or dispersing materials constituting the layers in solvents are applied, and the resulting coating films are dried and/or cured to form the layers. Examples of a method for applying a coating liquid include an immersion coating method (dip coating method), a spray coating method, a curtain coating method, and a spin coating method. Among these methods, the immersion coating method may be employed from the viewpoint of efficiency and productivity. 
     Process Cartridge and Electrophotographic Apparatus 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic structure of an electrophotographic apparatus including a process cartridge with an electrophotographic photosensitive member. 
     In  FIG. 1 , reference numeral  1  denotes a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is rotationally driven around a shaft  2  at a predetermined peripheral speed in the direction indicated by an arrow. A surface (peripheral surface) of the rotationally driven electrophotographic photosensitive member  1  is uniformly charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential with a charging device  3  (a primary charging device: for example, a charging roller). Then, the surface receives exposure light (image exposure light)  4  emitted from an exposure device (not illustrated) employing, for example, slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure. In this way, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to a target image is successively formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member  1 . 
     The electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member  1  is then developed with a toner in a developer of a developing device  5  to form a toner image. The toner image formed and held on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member  1  is sequentially transferred onto a transfer material (for example, paper) P by a transfer bias from a transferring device (for example, a transferring roller)  6 . The transfer material P is removed from a transfer material feeding unit (not illustrated) in synchronization with the rotation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member  1  and fed to a portion (contact portion) between the electrophotographic photosensitive member  1  and the transferring device  6 . 
     The transfer material P to which the toner image has been transferred is separated from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member  1 , conveyed to a fixing device  8 , and subjected to fixation of the toner image. The transferred material P is then conveyed as an image formed product (print or copy) to the outside of the apparatus. 
     The surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member  1  after the transfer of the toner image, is cleaned by removing the residual developer (toner) after the transfer with a cleaning device (for example, a cleaning blade)  7 . The electrophotographic photosensitive member  1  is subjected to charge elimination by pre-exposure light (not illustrated) emitted from a pre-exposure device (not illustrated) and then is repeatedly used for image formation. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , in the case where the charging device  3  is a contact charging device using, for example, a charging roller, the pre-exposure light is not always required. 
     Plural components selected from the components, such as the electrophotographic photosensitive member  1 , the charging device  3 , the developing device  5 , the transferring device  6 , and the cleaning device  7  may be arranged in a housing and integrally connected into a process cartridge. The process cartridge may be detachably attached to the main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, for example, a copier or a laser beam printer. In  FIG. 1 , the electrophotographic photosensitive member  1 , the charging device  3 , the developing device  5 , and the cleaning device  7  are integrally supported into a process cartridge  9  detachably attached to the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus using a guiding member  10 , such as a rail. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The present invention will be described in more detail below by examples. Here, the term “part(s)” in examples indicates “part(s) by mass”. Synthesis examples of electron-transporting substances according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described. 
     Synthesis Example 1 
     First, 5.4 parts of naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 4 parts of 2-methyl-6-ethylaniline (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and 3 parts of 2-amino-1-butanol were added to 200 parts of dimethylacetamide under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to prepare a solution. After the preparation of the solution, the solution was refluxed for 8 hours. The precipitate was separated by filtration and recrystallized in ethyl acetate to give 1.0 part of compound A1-8. 
     Synthesis Example 2 
     First, 5.4 parts of naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 5 parts of 2-aminobutyric acid (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were added to 200 parts of dimethylacetamide under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to prepare a solution. After the preparation of the solution, the solution was refluxed for 8 hours. The precipitate was separated by filtration and recrystallized in ethyl acetate to give 4.6 parts of compound A1-42. 
     Synthesis Example 3 
     First, 5.4 parts of naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4.5 parts of 2,6-diethylaniline (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and 4 parts of 4-2-aminobenzenethiol were added to 200 parts of dimethylacetamide under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to prepare a solution. After the preparation of the solution, the solution was refluxed for 8 hours. The precipitate was separated by filtration and recrystallized in ethyl acetate to give 1.3 parts of compound A1-39. 
     Synthesis Example 4 
     To a solvent mixture of 100 parts of toluene and 50 parts of ethanol, 7.4 parts of 3,6-dibromo-9,10-phenanthrenedione, which was synthesized from 2.8 parts of 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K.) and phenanthrenequinone (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K.) under a nitrogen atmosphere by a synthetic method described in Chem. Educator No. 6, pp. 227-234, (2001), was added. After 100 parts of an aqueous solution of 20% sodium carbonate was added dropwise to the mixture, 0.55 parts of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) was added thereto. The resulting mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. After the reaction, the organic phase was extracted with chloroform, washed with water, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica-gel chromatography to give 3.2 parts of compound A2-24. 
     Synthesis Example 5 
     As with synthesis example 4, 7.4 parts of 2,7-dibromo-9,10-phenanthrolinequinone was synthesized from 2.8 parts of 3-aminophenylboronic acid monohydrate and phenanthrolinequinone (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K.) under a nitrogen atmosphere. To a solvent mixture of 100 parts of toluene and 50 parts of ethanol, 7.4 parts of 2,7-dibromo-9,10-phenanthrolinequinone was added. After 100 parts of an aqueous solution of 20% sodium carbonate was added dropwise to the mixture, 0.55 parts of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) was added thereto. The resulting mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. After the reaction, the organic phase was extracted with chloroform, washed with water, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica-gel chromatography to give 2.2 parts of compound A3-18. 
     Synthesis Example 6 
     First, 7.4 parts of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 4 parts of 2,6-diethylaniline (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and 4 parts of 2-aminophenylethanol were added to 200 parts of dimethylacetamide under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to prepare a solution. After the preparation of the solution, the solution was refluxed for 8 hours. The precipitate was separated by filtration and recrystallized in ethyl acetate to give 5.0 parts of compound A8-3. 
     Synthesis Example 7 
     First, 5.4 parts of naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 5.2 parts of leucinol (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were added to 200 parts of dimethylacetamide under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and then refluxed for 7 hours. After the removal of dimethylacetamide by distillation under reduced pressure, recrystallization was performed in ethyl acetate to give 5.0 parts of compound A1-54. 
     Synthesis Example 8 
     First, 5.4 parts of naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2.6 parts of leucinol, and 2.7 parts of 2-(2-aminoethylthio)ethanol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were added to 200 parts of dimethylacetamide under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and then refluxed for 7 hours. After dimethylacetamide was removed from a dark brown solution by distillation under reduced pressure, the resulting product was dissolved in an ethyl acetate/toluene mixed solution. After separation was performed by silica-gel column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate/toluene), a fraction containing a target product was concentrated. The resulting crystals were recrystallized in toluene/hexane mixed solution to give 2.5 parts of compound A1-55. The production and the evaluation of an electrophotographic photosensitive member will be described below. 
     Example 1 
     An aluminum cylinder (JIS-A3003, aluminum alloy) having a length of 260.5 mm and a diameter of 30 mm was used as a support (conductive support). 
     Next, 50 parts of titanium oxide particles covered with oxygen-deficient tin oxide (powder resistivity: 120 Ω•cm, coverage of tin oxide: 40%), 40 parts of a phenolic resin (Plyophen J-325, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Inc., resin solid content: 60%), and 50 parts of methoxypropanol as a solvent (dispersion medium) were charged into a sand mill with glass beads of 1 mm in diameter. The mixture was subjected to dispersion treatment for 3 hours to prepare a conductive layer coating liquid (dispersion). The conductive layer coating liquid was applied onto the support by dipping. The resulting coating film was dried and thermally cured for 30 minutes at 150° C. to form a conductive layer having a thickness of 28 μm. 
     The average particle size of the titanium oxide particles covered with oxygen-deficient tin oxide in the conductive layer coating liquid was measured with a particle size distribution analyzer (trade name: CAPA700) made by HORIBA Ltd., by a centrifugal sedimentation method using tetrahydrofuran as a dispersion medium at a number of revolutions of 5000 rpm and found to be 0.31 μm. 
     Next, 5 parts of compound (A1-8), 3.5 parts of melamine compound (C1-3), 3.4 parts of resin (B1), and 0.1 parts of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid serving as a catalyst were dissolved in a solvent mixture of 100 parts of dimethylacetamide and 100 parts of methyl ethyl ketone to prepare an undercoat layer coating liquid. 
     The undercoat layer coating liquid was applied onto the conductive layer by dipping. The resulting coating film was cured (polymerized) by heating for 40 minutes at 160° C. to form an undercoat layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm. Table 29 illustrates structures identified by solid-state  13 C-NMR measurement, mass spectrometry measurement, MS-spectrum measurement by pyrolysis GC-MS analysis, and characteristic absorption measurement by infrared spectrophotometry. 
     Next, 10 parts of a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal (charge-generating substance) of a crystal form that exhibits strong peaks at 7.5°, 9.9°, 12.5°, 16.3°, 18.6°, 25.1°, and 28.3° of Bragg angles (2θ±0.2°) in X-ray diffraction with CuKα characteristic radiation, 5 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: S-LEC BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.), and 250 parts of cyclohexanone were charged into a sand mill with glass beads of 1 mm in diameter and subjected to dispersion treatment for 1.5 hours. Then 250 parts of ethyl acetate was added thereto to prepare a charge-generating layer coating liquid. 
     The charge-generating layer coating liquid was applied onto the undercoat layer by dipping. The resulting coating film was dried for 10 minutes at 100° C. to form a charge-generating layer having a thickness of 0.18 μm. 
     Next, 8 parts of an amine compound (hole-transporting substance) represented by the following structural formula (15) and 10 parts of a polyarylate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (16-1) and a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (16-2) in a ratio of 5/5 and having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 100,000 were dissolved in a solvent mixture of 40 parts of dimethoxymethane and 60 parts of o-xylene to prepare a charge-transporting layer coating liquid. The charge-transporting layer coating liquid was applied onto the charge-generating layer by dipping. The resulting coating film was dried for 40 minutes at 120° C. to form a charge-transporting layer (hole-transporting layer) having a thickness of 15 μm. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In this way, an electrophotographic photosensitive member having the conductive layer, the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer on the support was produced. 
     Evaluation 
     The produced electrophotographic photosensitive member was mounted on a modified printer (primary charging: roller contact DC charging, process speed: 120 mm/sec, laser exposure) of a laser beam printer (trade name: LBP-2510) manufactured by CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA under an environment of 23° C. and 50% RH. The evaluation of output images was performed. The details are described below. 
     Evaluation of Positive Ghost 
     A process cartridge for a cyan color of the laser beam printer was modified. A potential probe (model: 6000B-8, manufactured by Trek Japan Co., Ltd.) was installed at a developing position. A potential at the middle portion of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was measured with a surface potentiometer (model: 344, manufactured by Trek Japan Co., Ltd.). The amounts of light used to expose an image were set in such a manner that the dark potential (Vd) was −500 V and the light potential (V1) was −150 V. 
     The produced electrophotographic photosensitive member was mounted on the process cartridge for the cyan color of the laser beam printer. The resulting process cartridge was mounted on a station of a cyan process cartridge. Images were output. 
     First, a sheet of a solid white image, five sheets of an image for evaluating a ghost, a sheet of a solid black image, and five sheets of the image for evaluating a ghost were continuously output in that order. 
     Next, full-color images (text images of colors each having a print percentage of 1%) were output on 5,000 sheets of A4-size plain paper. Thereafter, a sheet of a solid white image, five sheets of the image for evaluating a ghost, a sheet of a solid black image, and five sheets of the image for evaluating a ghost were continuously output in that order. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the image for evaluating a ghost are an image in which after solid square images are output on a white image in the leading end portion of a sheet, a one-dot, knight-jump pattern halftone image illustrated in  FIG. 3  is formed. In  FIG. 2 , portions expressed as “GHOST” are portions where ghosts attributed to the solid images might appear. 
     The evaluation of the positive ghost was performed by the measurement of differences in image density between the one-dot, knight-jump pattern halftone image and the ghost portions. The differences in image density were measured with a spectral densitometer (trade name: X-Rite 504/508, manufactured by X-Rite) at 10 points in one sheet of the image for evaluating a ghost. This operation was performed for all the 10 sheets of the image for evaluating a ghost to calculate the average of a total of 100 points. A difference in Macbeth density (initial) was evaluated at the time of the initial image output. Next, a difference (change) between a difference in Macbeth density after the output of 5,000 sheets and the difference in Macbeth density at the time of the initial image output was calculated to determine a change in Macbeth density difference. A smaller difference in Macbeth density indicates better suppression of the positive ghost. A smaller difference between the Macbeth density difference after the output of 5,000 sheets and the Macbeth density difference at the time of the initial image output indicates a smaller change of the positive ghost. Table 29 describes the results. 
     Examples 2 to 115 
     Electrophotographic photosensitive members were produced as in Example 1, except that the types and the contents of the electron-transporting substance, the resin (resin B), the melamine compound, and the guanamine compound were changed as described in Tables 29 to 31. The evaluation of the positive ghost was similarly performed. Tables 29 to 31 describe the results. 
     Example 116 
     An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced as in Example 1, except that the preparation of the conductive layer coating liquid, the undercoat layer coating liquid, and the charge-transporting layer coating liquid was changed as described below. The evaluation of the positive ghost was similarly performed. Table 31 describes the results. 
     The preparation of the conductive layer coating liquid was changed as described below. First, 214 parts of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) particles, serving as metal oxide particles, covered with oxygen-deficient tin oxide (SnO 2 ), 132 parts of a phenolic resin (trade name: Plyophen J-325) serving as a binder resin, and 98 parts of 1-methoxy-2-propanol serving as a solvent were charged into a sand mill with 450 parts of glass beads of 0.8 mm in diameter. The mixture was subjected to dispersion treatment under conditions including a number of revolutions of 2,000 rpm, a dispersion treatment time of 4.5 hours, and a preset temperature of cooling water of 18° C. to prepare a dispersion. The glass beads were removed from the dispersion with a mesh (opening size: 150 μm). 
     Silicone resin particles (trade name: Tospearl 120, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials Inc., average particle size: 2 μm) serving as a surface-roughening material were added to the dispersion in an amount of 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the metal oxide particles and the binder resin in the dispersion after the removal of the glass beads. Furthermore, a silicone oil (trade name: SH28PA, manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd.) serving as a leveling agent was added to the dispersion in an amount of 0.01% by mass with respect to the total mass of the metal oxide particles and the binder resin in the dispersion. The resulting mixture was stirred to prepare a conductive layer coating liquid. The conductive layer coating liquid was applied onto the support by dipping. The resulting coating film was dried and thermally cured for 30 minutes at 150° C. to form a conductive layer having a thickness of 30 μm. 
     The preparation of the undercoat layer coating liquid was changed as described below. First, 5 parts of compound (A1-54), 3.5 parts of melamine compound (C 1-3 ), 3.4 parts of resin (B25), and 0.1 parts of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid serving as a catalyst were dissolved in a solvent mixture of 100 parts of dimethylacetamide and 100 parts of methyl ethyl ketone to prepare an undercoat layer coating liquid. The undercoat layer coating liquid was applied onto the conductive layer by dipping. The resulting coating film was cured (polymerized) by heating for 40 minutes at 160° C. to form an undercoat layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm. Table 31 illustrates a structure identified by solid-state  13 C-NMR measurement, mass spectrometry measurement, MS-spectrum measurement by pyrolysis GC-MS analysis, and characteristic absorption measurement by infrared spectrophotometry. 
     The preparation of the charge-transporting layer coating liquid was changed as described below. First, 9 parts of the charge-transporting substance having the structure represented by the foregoing formula (15), 1 part of a charge-transporting substance having a structure represented by the following formula (18), as resins, 3 parts of polyester resin F (weight-average molecular weight: 90,000) which had a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (24) and which had a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (26) and a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (25) in a ratio of 7:3, and 7 parts of polyester resin H (weight-average molecular weight: 120,000) having a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (27) and a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (28) in a ratio of 5:5 were dissolved in a solvent mixture of 30 parts of dimethoxymethane and 50 parts of o-xylene to prepare a charge-transporting layer coating liquid. In polyester resin F, the content of the repeating structural unit represented by the formula (24) was 10% by mass, and the content of the repeating structural units represented by the formulae (25) and (26) was 90% by mass. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The charge-transporting layer coating liquid was applied onto the charge-generating layer by dipping and dried for 1 hour at 120° C. to form a charge-transporting layer having a thickness of 16 μm. It was confirmed that the resulting charge-transporting layer had a domain structure in which polyester resin F was contained in a matrix containing the charge-transporting substance and polyester resin H. 
     Example 117 
     An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced as in Example 116, except that the preparation of the charge-transporting layer coating liquid was changed as described below. The evaluation of the positive ghost was similarly performed. Table 31 describes the results. 
     The preparation of the charge-transporting layer coating liquid was changed as described below. First, 9 parts of the charge-transporting substance having the structure represented by the foregoing formula (15), 1 part of the charge-transporting substance having the structure represented by the foregoing formula (18), as resins, 10 parts of polycarbonate resin I (weight-average molecular weight: 70,000) having a repeating structure represented by the following formula (29), and 0.3 parts of polycarbonate resin J (weight-average molecular weight: 40,000) having a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (29), a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (30), and a structure which was represented by the following formula (31) and which was located at least one of the ends were dissolved in a solvent mixture of 30 parts of dimethoxymethane and 50 parts of o-xylene to prepare a charge-transporting layer coating liquid. In polyester resin J, the total mass of the repeating structural units represented by the formulae (30) and (31) was 30% by mass. The charge-transporting layer coating liquid was applied onto the charge-generating layer by dipping and dried for 1 hour at 120° C. to form a charge-transporting layer having a thickness of 16 μm. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Example 118 
     An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced as in Example 117, except that in the preparation of the charge-transporting layer coating liquid, 10 parts of polyester resin H (weight-average molecular weight: 120,000) was used in place of 10 parts of polycarbonate resin I (weight-average molecular weight: 70,000). The evaluation of the positive ghost was similarly performed. Table 31 describes the results. 
     Examples 119 to 121 
     Electrophotographic photosensitive members were produced as in Examples 116 to 118, except that the preparation of the conductive layer coating liquids were changed as described below. The evaluation of the positive ghost was similarly performed. Table 31 describes the results. 
     First, 207 parts of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) particles, serving as metal oxide particles, covered with phosphorus (P)-doped tin oxide (SnO 2 ), 144 parts of a phenolic resin (trade name: Plyophen J-325) serving as a binder resin, and 98 parts of 1-methoxy-2-propanol serving as a solvent were charged into a sand mill with 450 parts of glass beads of 0.8 mm in diameter. The mixture was subjected to dispersion treatment under conditions including a number of revolutions of 2,000 rpm, a dispersion treatment time of 4.5 hours, and a preset temperature of cooling water of 18° C. to prepare a dispersion. The glass beads were removed from the dispersion with a mesh (opening size: 150 μm). 
     Silicone resin particles (trade name: Tospearl 120) serving as a surface-roughening material were added to the dispersion in an amount of 15% by mass with respect to the total mass of the metal oxide particles and the binder resin in the dispersion after the removal of the glass beads. Furthermore, a silicone oil (trade name: SH28PA) serving as a leveling agent was added to the dispersion in an amount of 0.01% by mass with respect to the total mass of the metal oxide particles and the binder resin in the dispersion. The resulting mixture was stirred to prepare a conductive layer coating liquid. The conductive layer coating liquid was applied onto the support by dipping. The resulting coating film was dried and thermally cured for 30 minutes at 150° C. to form a conductive layer having a thickness of 30 μm. 
     Examples 122 and 123 
     Electrophotographic photosensitive members were produced as in Example 116, except that the type of electron-transporting substance was changed as described in Table 31. The evaluation of the positive ghost was similarly performed. Table 31 describes the results. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 29 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Electron-transporting 
                 Melamine compound, 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 substance 
                 guanamine compound 
                 Resin 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                   
                 Parts by 
                   
                 Parts by 
                   
                 Parts by 
                 Macbeth density 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example No. 
                 example 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Change 
                 Initial 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 1 
                 101 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B1 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 101 
                 A1-8 
                 6 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B1 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 101 
                 A1-8 
                 7 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B1 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.024 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 101 
                 A1-8 
                 4 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B1 
                 3.4 
                 0.007 
                 0.028 
               
               
                 Example 5 
                 101 
                 A1-8 
                 8 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B1 
                 3.0 
                 0.006 
                 0.023 
               
               
                 Example 6 
                 101 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-2 
                 2.5 
                 B1 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 7 
                 101 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-11 
                 3.3 
                 B1 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.024 
               
               
                 Example 8 
                 101 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-10 
                 3.5 
                 B2 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 9 
                 101 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-12 
                 3.5 
                 B3 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 10 
                 102 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-6 
                 3.2 
                 B19 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 11 
                 103 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-5 
                 2.5 
                 B20 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.024 
               
               
                 Example 12 
                 103 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-2 
                 2.5 
                 B20 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.024 
               
               
                 Example 13 
                 103 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-7 
                 3.5 
                 B21 
                 3.0 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 14 
                 103 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-8 
                 3.5 
                 B21 
                 3.0 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 15 
                 101 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-5 
                 2.5 
                 B1 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 16 
                 101 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C1-6 
                 3.2 
                 B1 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 17 
                 109 
                 A1-36 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B1 
                 3.7 
                 0.006 
                 0.027 
               
               
                 Example 18 
                 110 
                 A1-37 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B8 
                 1.6 
                 0.007 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 19 
                 111 
                 A1-38 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B9 
                 4.0 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 20 
                 112 
                 A1-39 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B10 
                 4.0 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 21 
                 114 
                 A1-40 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B2 
                 4.0 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 22 
                 132 
                 A1-22 
                 5 
                 C2-12 
                 2.7 
                 B1 
                 4.0 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 23 
                 115 
                 A1-42 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 8.4 
                 B10 
                 3.0 
                 0.007 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 24 
                 116 
                 A1-44 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B2 
                 3.5 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 25 
                 117 
                 A1-45 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B2 
                 0.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 26 
                 125 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C2-3 
                 2.4 
                 B2 
                 1.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 27 
                 131 
                 A1-33 
                 5 
                 C2-4 
                 2.9 
                 B12 
                 1.4 
                 0.007 
                 0.027 
               
               
                 Example 28 
                 108 
                 A1-34 
                 5 
                 C1-10 
                 3.5 
                 B12 
                 1.2 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 29 
                 118 
                 A1-46 
                 5 
                 C1-7 
                 3.5 
                 B12 
                 3.5 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 30 
                 119 
                 A1-47 
                 5 
                 C1-6 
                 3.4 
                 B12 
                 3.1 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 31 
                 133 
                 A1-37 
                 5 
                 C2-4 
                 3.3 
                 B8 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.027 
               
               
                 Example 32 
                 134 
                 A1-38 
                 5 
                 C2-4 
                 3.3 
                 B9 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 33 
                 135 
                 A1-39 
                 5 
                 C2-4 
                 3.3 
                 B10 
                 3.4 
                 0.007 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 34 
                 120 
                 A1-22 
                 5 
                 C1-9 
                 3.0 
                 B2 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 35 
                 136 
                 A1-22 
                 5 
                 C2-18 
                 3.0 
                 B1 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.027 
               
               
                 Example 36 
                 509 
                 A5-39 
                 5 
                 C2-11 
                 3.3 
                 B1 
                 2.5 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 37 
                 510 
                 A5-39 
                 5 
                 C2-17 
                 3.3 
                 B3 
                 2.5 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 38 
                 501 
                 A5-39 
                 5 
                 C1-5 
                 3.5 
                 B20 
                 1.3 
                 0.006 
                 0.028 
               
               
                 Example 39 
                 504 
                 A5-41 
                 5 
                 C1-9 
                 3.5 
                 B1 
                 1.3 
                 0.007 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 40 
                 511 
                 A5-41 
                 5 
                 C2-1 
                 2.1 
                 B1 
                 1.0 
                 0.007 
                 0.028 
               
               
                 Example 41 
                 513 
                 A5-42 
                 5 
                 C2-16 
                 2.2 
                 B20 
                 2.0 
                 0.007 
                 0.027 
               
               
                 Example 42 
                 505 
                 A5-40 
                 5 
                 C1-1 
                 2.1 
                 B8 
                 1.3 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 43 
                 506 
                 A5-40 
                 5 
                 C1-4 
                 2.1 
                 B16 
                 1.0 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 44 
                 514 
                 A5-40 
                 5 
                 C2-13 
                 2.1 
                 B16 
                 1.3 
                 0.006 
                 0.028 
               
               
                 Example 45 
                 507 
                 A5-43 
                 5 
                 C1-2 
                 3.0 
                 B9 
                 1.5 
                 0.006 
                 0.027 
               
               
                 Example 46 
                 517 
                 A5-43 
                 5 
                 C2-8 
                 3.0 
                 B9 
                 1.5 
                 0.007 
                 0.028 
               
               
                 Example 47 
                 601 
                 A6-14 
                 5 
                 C1-4 
                 2.0 
                 B1 
                 1.4 
                 0.007 
                 0.032 
               
               
                 Example 48 
                 607 
                 A6-16 
                 5 
                 C2-13 
                 2.1 
                 B8 
                 0.8 
                 0.006 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Example 49 
                 602 
                 A6-16 
                 5 
                 C1-4 
                 2.1 
                 B8 
                 1.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Example 50 
                 603 
                 A6-15 
                 5 
                 C1-1 
                 2.1 
                 B1 
                 1.5 
                 0.007 
                 0.035 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 30 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Electron-transporting 
                 Melamine compound, 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 substance 
                 guanamine compound 
                 Resin 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                   
                 Parts by 
                   
                 Parts by 
                   
                 Parts by 
                 Macbeth density 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example No. 
                 example 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Change 
                 Initial 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 51 
                 604 
                 A6-14 
                 5 
                 C1-4 
                 2.2 
                 B20 
                 1.4 
                 0.007 
                 0.037 
               
               
                 Example 52 
                 605 
                 A6-17 
                 5 
                 C1-4 
                 2.2 
                 B9 
                 1.5 
                 0.007 
                 0.034 
               
               
                 Example 53 
                 701 
                 A7-19 
                 5 
                 C1-7 
                 3.6 
                 B1 
                 3.0 
                 0.007 
                 0.033 
               
               
                 Example 54 
                 702 
                 A7-20 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.6 
                 B1 
                 3.0 
                 0.007 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Example 55 
                 706 
                 A7-21 
                 5 
                 C2-4 
                 2.9 
                 B17 
                 2.1 
                 0.006 
                 0.032 
               
               
                 Example 56 
                 703 
                 A7-22 
                 5 
                 C1-6 
                 3.3 
                 B10 
                 3.5 
                 0.006 
                 0.037 
               
               
                 Example 57 
                 701 
                 A7-19 
                 5 
                 C1-11 
                 3.3 
                 B3 
                 3.4 
                 0.007 
                 0.036 
               
               
                 Example 58 
                 702 
                 A7-20 
                 5 
                 C1-12 
                 3.3 
                 B1 
                 3.5 
                 0.007 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Example 59 
                 704 
                 A7-23 
                 5 
                 C1-7 
                 3.6 
                 B9 
                 2.5 
                 0.006 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Example 60 
                 801 
                 A8-3 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B5 
                 3.0 
                 0.006 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Example 61 
                 801 
                 A8-3 
                 5 
                 C1-10 
                 3.5 
                 B6 
                 3.3 
                 0.006 
                 0.037 
               
               
                 Example 62 
                 802 
                 A8-5 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B14 
                 3.0 
                 0.006 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Example 63 
                 803 
                 A8-12 
                 5 
                 C1-7 
                 3.5 
                 B16 
                 4.0 
                 0.006 
                 0.032 
               
               
                 Example 64 
                 804 
                 A8-13 
                 5 
                 C1-12 
                 3.4 
                 B9 
                 4.5 
                 0.006 
                 0.037 
               
               
                 Example 65 
                 805 
                 A8-14 
                 5 
                 C1-10 
                 3.3 
                 B10 
                 4.5 
                 0.006 
                 0.036 
               
               
                 Example 66 
                 806 
                 A8-19 
                 5 
                 C1-8 
                 3.5 
                 B21 
                 4.5 
                 0.006 
                 0.032 
               
               
                 Example 67 
                 205 
                 A2-19 
                 5 
                 C2-15 
                 2.8 
                 B17 
                 1.1 
                 0.006 
                 0.046 
               
               
                 Example 68 
                 206 
                 A2-20 
                 5 
                 C2-17 
                 2.3 
                 B10 
                 1.1 
                 0.007 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Example 69 
                 207 
                 A2-21 
                 5 
                 C2-16 
                 2.7 
                 B1 
                 0.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Example 70 
                 201 
                 A2-22 
                 5 
                 C1-6 
                 3.3 
                 B9 
                 2.2 
                 0.007 
                 0.043 
               
               
                 Example 71 
                 208 
                 A2-23 
                 5 
                 C2-3 
                 2.5 
                 B10 
                 0.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Example 72 
                 301 
                 A3-16 
                 5 
                 C1-2 
                 3.5 
                 B1 
                 1.1 
                 0.007 
                 0.043 
               
               
                 Example 73 
                 302 
                 A3-17 
                 5 
                 C1-6 
                 3.5 
                 B17 
                 0.5 
                 0.006 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Example 74 
                 303 
                 A3-18 
                 5 
                 C1-5 
                 2.5 
                 B9 
                 1.5 
                 0.007 
                 0.046 
               
               
                 Example 75 
                 401 
                 A4-12 
                 5 
                 C1-5 
                 3.5 
                 B14 
                 1.6 
                 0.006 
                 0.047 
               
               
                 Example 76 
                 406 
                 A4-14 
                 5 
                 C2-6 
                 2.8 
                 B23 
                 0.2 
                 0.007 
                 0.048 
               
               
                 Example 77 
                 407 
                 A4-15 
                 5 
                 C2-15 
                 2.4 
                 B17 
                 0.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Example 78 
                 402 
                 A4-17 
                 5 
                 C1-12 
                 3.4 
                 B10 
                 0.3 
                 0.006 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Example 79 
                 403 
                 A4-31 
                 5 
                 C1-10 
                 3.4 
                 B1 
                 2.6 
                 0.007 
                 0.047 
               
               
                 Example 80 
                 901 
                 A9-28 
                 5 
                 C1-6 
                 3.5 
                 B8 
                 1.8 
                 0.007 
                 0.048 
               
               
                 Example 81 
                 126 
                 A1-8 
                 5 
                 C2-13 
                 2.8 
                 B3 
                 3.0 
                 0.008 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 82 
                 125 
                 A1-38 
                 5 
                 C1-9 
                 2.4 
                 B9 
                 3.3 
                 0.008 
                 0.027 
               
               
                 Example 83 
                 131 
                 A1-48 
                 5 
                 C1-2 
                 2.6 
                 B2 
                 3.4 
                 0.008 
                 0.027 
               
               
                 Example 84 
                 121 
                 A1-22 
                 5 
                 C1-7 
                 3.5 
                 B14 
                 3.5 
                 0.008 
                 0.027 
               
               
                 Example 85 
                 121 
                 A1-22 
                 5 
                 C1-10 
                 3.5 
                 B23 
                 3.5 
                 0.008 
                 0.024 
               
               
                 Example 86 
                 501 
                 A5-39 
                 5 
                 C1-8 
                 3.5 
                 B20 
                 3.5 
                 0.008 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 87 
                 515 
                 A5-41 
                 5 
                 C2-15 
                 3.6 
                 B14 
                 1.5 
                 0.009 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 88 
                 516 
                 A5-42 
                 5 
                 C2-7 
                 3.3 
                 B23 
                 1.1 
                 0.009 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 89 
                 505 
                 A5-40 
                 5 
                 C1-5 
                 3.9 
                 B8 
                 1.4 
                 0.008 
                 0.027 
               
               
                 Example 90 
                 608 
                 A6-15 
                 5 
                 C2-17 
                 3.6 
                 B19 
                 0.8 
                 0.008 
                 0.036 
               
               
                 Example 91 
                 606 
                 A6-15 
                 5 
                 C1-2 
                 3.1 
                 B19 
                 0.8 
                 0.008 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Example 92 
                 707 
                 A7-2 
                 5 
                 C2-8 
                 3.5 
                 B1 
                 0.9 
                 0.009 
                 0.033 
               
               
                 Example 93 
                 708 
                 A7-19 
                 5 
                 C2-1 
                 2.2 
                 B1 
                 0.6 
                 0.008 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Example 94 
                 709 
                 A7-20 
                 5 
                 C2-2 
                 2.3 
                 B11 
                 1.5 
                 0.009 
                 0.037 
               
               
                 Example 95 
                 803 
                 A8-12 
                 5 
                 C1-6 
                 3.4 
                 B8 
                 3.0 
                 0.008 
                 0.037 
               
               
                 Example 96 
                 807 
                 A8-19 
                 5 
                 C2-9 
                 2.9 
                 B3 
                 2.0 
                 0.008 
                 0.037 
               
               
                 Example 97 
                 408 
                 A4-6 
                 5 
                 C2-4 
                 3.7 
                 B1 
                 2.0 
                 0.009 
                 0.048 
               
               
                 Example 98 
                 303 
                 A3-18 
                 5 
                 C1-12 
                 3.3 
                 B9 
                 3.0 
                 0.008 
                 0.046 
               
               
                 Example 99 
                 902 
                 A9-2 
                 5 
                 C1-9 
                 3.3 
                 B2 
                 2.8 
                 0.008 
                 0.046 
               
               
                 Example 100 
                 505 
                 A5-40 
                 5 
                 C1-7 
                 5.6 
                 B17 
                 1.4 
                 0.011 
                 0.028 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 31 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Electron-transporting 
                 Melamine compound, 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 substance 
                 guanamine compound 
                 Resin 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Specific 
                   
                 Parts by 
                   
                 Parts by 
                   
                 Parts by 
                 Macbeth density 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example No. 
                 example 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Change 
                 Initial 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 101 
                 808 
                 A8-12 
                 5 
                 C2-2 
                 2.4 
                 B8 
                 1.5 
                 0.011 
                 0.037 
               
               
                 Example 102 
                 601 
                 A6-14 
                 5 
                 C1-7 
                 3.8 
                 B23 
                 1.5 
                 0.011 
                 0.037 
               
               
                 Example 103 
                 903 
                 A9-29 
                 5 
                 C1-7 
                 3.0 
                 B1 
                 2.0 
                 0.012 
                 0.047 
               
               
                 Example 104 
                 124 
                 A1-51 
                 8 
                 C1-7 
                 2.5 
                 B1 
                 3.0 
                 0.018 
                 0.047 
               
               
                 Example 105 
                 137 
                 A1-51 
                 8 
                 C2-4 
                 2.5 
                 B15 
                 3.0 
                 0.018 
                 0.047 
               
               
                 Example 106 
                 132 
                 A1-49 
                 5 
                 C1-2 
                 3.2 
                 B8 
                 3.3 
                 0.020 
                 0.030 
               
               
                 Example 107 
                 139 
                 A1-49 
                 5 
                 C2-8 
                 3.2 
                 B16 
                 3.3 
                 0.020 
                 0.031 
               
               
                 Example 108 
                 138 
                 A1-50 
                 5 
                 C2-13 
                 3.2 
                 B13 
                 3.3 
                 0.020 
                 0.030 
               
               
                 Example 109 
                 409 
                 A4-32 
                 5 
                 C2-16 
                 3.0 
                 B3 
                 3.0 
                 0.024 
                 0.049 
               
               
                 Example 110 
                 508 
                 A5-44 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.2 
                 B14 
                 3.3 
                 0.020 
                 0.029 
               
               
                 Example 111 
                 204 
                 A2-21 
                 5 
                 C1-4 
                 2.7 
                 B11 
                 3.0 
                 0.018 
                 0.046 
               
               
                 Example 112 
                 405 
                 A4-31 
                 5 
                 C1-4 
                 2.6 
                 B11 
                 3.0 
                 0.018 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Example 113 
                 904 
                 A9-28 
                 5 
                 C1-4 
                 5.9 
                 B18 
                 2.1 
                 0.026 
                 0.047 
               
               
                 Example 114 
                 905 
                 A9-2 
                 5 
                 C1-7 
                 3.4 
                 B24 
                 3.1 
                 0.022 
                 0.046 
               
               
                 Example 115 
                 305 
                 A3-2 
                 5 
                 C2-4 
                 3.0 
                 B24 
                 3.0 
                 0.022 
                 0.046 
               
               
                 Example 116 
                 140 
                 A1-54 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B25 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 117 
                 140 
                 A1-54 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B25 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 118 
                 140 
                 A1-54 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B25 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 119 
                 140 
                 A1-54 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B25 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.027 
               
               
                 Example 120 
                 140 
                 A1-54 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B25 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 121 
                 140 
                 A1-54 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B25 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.026 
               
               
                 Example 122 
                 141 
                 A1-55 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B25 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 123 
                 142 
                 A1-57 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.5 
                 B25 
                 3.4 
                 0.006 
                 0.025 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Comparative Examples 1 to 5 
     Electrophotographic photosensitive members were produced as in Example 1, except that no resin was contained and that the types and the contents of the electron-transporting substance, the melamine compound, and the guanamine compound were changed as described in Table 32. The evaluation of the positive ghost was similarly performed. Table 32 describes the results. 
     Comparative Examples 6 to 10 
     Electrophotographic photosensitive members were produced as in Example 1, except that the electron-transporting substance was changed to a compound represented by the following formula (Y-1) and that the types and the contents of the melamine compound, the guanamine compound, and the resin were changed as described in Table 32. The evaluation of the positive ghost was similarly performed. Table 32 describes the results. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Comparative Example 11 
     An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced as in Example 1, except that the undercoat layer was formed from a block copolymer represented by the following structural formula (copolymer described in PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2009-505156), a blocked isocyanate compound, and a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. The evaluation was performed. The initial Macbeth density was 0.048, and a change in Macbeth density was 0.065. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 32 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Electron-transporting 
                 Melamine compound, 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 substance 
                 guanamine compound 
                 Resin 
                 Macbeth density 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Comparative 
                 Specific 
                   
                 Parts by 
                   
                 Parts by 
                   
                 Parts by 
                   
               
               
                 Example No. 
                 example 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Type 
                 mass 
                 Change 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 A1-36 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 9.3 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.050 
                 0.024 
               
               
                 Example 1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 A1-37 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 9.2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.049 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 A1-38 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 8.1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.051 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 Example 3 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 A6-14 
                 5 
                 C2-3 
                 6.4 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.053 
                 0.033 
               
               
                 Example 4 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 A5-42 
                 5 
                 C1-2 
                 5.9 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.052 
                 0.033 
               
               
                 Example 5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Y-1 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 8.1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.064 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Example 6 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Y-1 
                 5 
                 C2-3 
                 6.4 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.063 
                 0.043 
               
               
                 Example 7 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Y-1 
                 5 
                 C1-2 
                 4.2 
                 B14 
                 2.2 
                 0.064 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Example 8 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Y-1 
                 5 
                 C1-3 
                 3.3 
                 B14 
                 1.4 
                 0.062 
                 0.044 
               
               
                 Example 9 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Y-1 
                 5 
                 C2-3 
                 4.9 
                 B14 
                 2.1 
                 0.065 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Example 10 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Comparisons of examples with Comparative Examples 1 to 5 reveal that in some cases, the structures described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2003-330209 and 2008-299344 are not sufficiently highly effective in reducing the change of the positive ghost during repeated use, compared with the electrophotographic photosensitive member including the undercoat layer having a specific structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The reason for this is presumably that the absence of a resin causes the uneven distribution of the triazine rings and the electron-transporting substance in the undercoat layer, so that electrons are liable to stay during repeated use. Comparison of examples with Comparative Example 11 reveals that in some cases, even the structure described in PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2009-505156 is not sufficiently highly effective in reducing the change of the positive ghost during repeated use. Comparisons of examples with Comparative Examples 6 to 10 reveal that in a state in which the resin and the electron-transporting substance are not bound together and are dispersed after dissolution in the solvent, it is not sufficiently effective to reduce the initial positive ghost and the change of the positive ghost during repeated use. The reason for this is presumably that the effect of reducing the positive ghost owing to bonding with the triazine ring. This is presumably because when the charge-generating layer is formed on the undercoat layer, the electron-transporting substance moves to the upper layer (charge-generating layer); hence, the electron-transporting substance is reduced in the undercoat layer, and the incorporation of the electron-transporting substance into the upper layer causes the retention of electrons. 
     While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions. 
     This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-147161 filed Jun. 29, 2012, No. 2013-093091 filed Apr. 25, 2013, and No. 2013-118067 filed Jun. 4, 2013, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.