Patent Publication Number: US-2022236454-A1

Title: Imaging device

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to an imaging device, and more particularly, to an imaging device capable of capturing an image while preventing occurrence of flare and ghosts. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In recent years, solid-state imaging elements used in mobile terminal devices with cameras, digital still cameras, and the like have achieved progress in increase in the number of pixels, downsizing, and reduction in height. 
     The increase in the number of pixels and downsizing of a camera generally results in a lens and a solid-state imaging element being closer to each other on an optical axis, and an infrared cut filter being arranged in the vicinity of the lens. 
     For example, there has been proposed a technology for achieving downsizing of a solid-state imaging element by disposing a lens constituting a lowermost layer among a lens group including a plurality of lenses on the solid-state imaging element. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Document 
     
         
         Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-061193 
       
    
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Problems to be Solved by the Invention 
     However, in a case where a lowermost lens is disposed on the solid-state imaging element, although this contributes to downsizing and reduction in height of a device configuration, a distance between the infrared cut filter and the lens becomes short, which causes flare and ghosts attributable to internal diffuse reflection due to reflection of light. 
     The present disclosure has been made in view of such a situation, and in particular, in a solid-state imaging element, it is possible to achieve downsizing and reduction in height and to prevent occurrence of flare and ghosts. 
     Solutions to Problems 
     One aspect of the present disclosure provides an imaging device including a solid-state imaging element including a laminate substrate in which a first substrate and a second substrate are laminated, a glass substrate positioned above the first substrate, and a lens formed on the glass substrate, in which a cavity is provided between the lens and the solid-state imaging element. 
     In the one aspect of the present disclosure, a solid-state imaging element including a laminate substrate in which a first substrate and a second substrate are laminated, a glass substrate positioned above the first substrate, and a lens formed on the glass substrate are provided, and a cavity is provided between the lens and the solid-state imaging element. 
     The imaging device may be an independent device or a module incorporated in another device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a first embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic external view of an integrated component including a solid-state imaging element in the imaging device in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram illustrating a substrate configuration of the integrated component. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration example of a laminate substrate. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of a pixel. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating a detailed structure of the laminate substrate. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram illustrating that ghosts and flare attributable to internal diffuse reflection do not occur in the imaging device in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating that ghosts and flare attributable to internal diffuse reflection do not occur in an image captured by the imaging device in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a second embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating that ghosts and flare attributable to internal diffuse reflection do not occur in the imaging device in  FIG. 9 . 
         FIG. 11  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a third embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 12  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a fourth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 13  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a fifth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 14  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a sixth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 15  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a seventh embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 16  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an eighth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 17  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a ninth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 18  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a tenth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 19  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an eleventh embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 20  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a twelfth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 21  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a thirteenth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 22  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a fourteenth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 23  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a fifteenth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 24  is a diagram illustrating a modified example of an external shape of a lens in  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 25  is a diagram illustrating a modified example of a structure of an edge of the lens in  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 26  is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the structure of the edge of the lens in  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 27  is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the structure of the edge of the lens in  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 28  is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the structure of the edge of the lens in  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 29  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a sixteenth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 30  is a diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing the imaging device in  FIG. 29 . 
         FIG. 31  is a diagram illustrating a modified example of a cross section of singulation of the configuration example in  FIG. 29 . 
         FIG. 32  is a diagram illustrating the method of manufacturing the imaging device in an upper left part of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 33  is a diagram illustrating the method of manufacturing the imaging device in a lower left part of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 34  is a diagram illustrating the method of manufacturing the imaging device in an upper right part of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 35  is a diagram illustrating the method of manufacturing the imaging device in a lower right part of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 36  is a diagram illustrating a modified example in which an antireflection film is added in the configuration in  FIG. 29 . 
         FIG. 37  is a diagram illustrating a modified example in which an antireflection film is added to a side surface portion in the configuration in  FIG. 29 . 
         FIG. 38  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a seventeenth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 39  is a diagram illustrating a condition regarding a thickness of a lens that is small and lightweight, and allows for capturing a high-resolution image. 
         FIG. 40  is a diagram illustrating distribution of stress applied to an AR coat on the lens during mount reflow thermal loading in accordance with the shape of the lens. 
         FIG. 41  is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the lens shape in  FIG. 39 . 
         FIG. 42  is a diagram illustrating a shape of a two-stage side surface type lens in  FIG. 41 . 
         FIG. 43  is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the shape of the two-stage side surface type lens in  FIG. 41 . 
         FIG. 44  is a diagram illustrating distribution of stress applied, during mount reflow thermal loading on the two-stage side surface type lens in  FIG. 41 , to an AR coat on the lens. 
         FIG. 45  is a diagram illustrating a maximum value in the distribution of stress applied to the AR coat on the lens during mount reflow thermal loading in  FIG. 44 . 
         FIG. 46  is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing method in an eighteenth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 47  is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the manufacturing method in  FIG. 46 . 
         FIG. 48  is a diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a two-stage side surface type lens. 
         FIG. 49  is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the method of manufacturing the two-stage side surface type lens. 
         FIG. 50  is a diagram illustrating adjustment of an angle formed by an average plane of the side surface, adjustment of surface roughness, and provision of a hem in the method of manufacturing the two-stage side surface type lens in  FIG. 49 . 
         FIG. 51  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a nineteenth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 52  is a diagram illustrating an example of an alignment mark in  FIG. 51 . 
         FIG. 53  is a diagram illustrating an application example using the alignment mark in  FIG. 51 . 
         FIG. 54  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a twentieth embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 55  is a diagram illustrating distribution of stress applied to an AR coat during mount reflow thermal loading in a case where the AR coat is formed on an entire surface and in other cases. 
         FIG. 56  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a twenty-first embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 57  is a diagram illustrating an example in which a light shielding film is formed on a side surface so as to connect a lens and a mound. 
         FIG. 58  is a side sectional view illustrating a first configuration example according to a twenty-second embodiment of an imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 59  is a diagram illustrating plasma joining between a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate. 
         FIG. 60  is a schematic diagram illustrating an effect of the twenty-second embodiment. 
         FIG. 61  is a side sectional view illustrating a second configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 62  is a side sectional view illustrating a third configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 63  is a side sectional view illustrating a fourth configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 64  is a side sectional view illustrating a fifth configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 65  is a side sectional view illustrating a sixth configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 66  is a side sectional view illustrating a seventh configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 67  is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the imaging device as electronic equipment in which the camera module of the present disclosure is used. 
         FIG. 68  is a diagram illustrating a usage example of a camera module to which the technology of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG. 69  is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an endoscopic surgery system. 
         FIG. 70  is a block diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a camera head and a CCU. 
         FIG. 71  is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a vehicle control system. 
         FIG. 72  is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of installation positions of an outside-of-vehicle information detector and an imaging unit. 
     
    
    
     MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that, in the present specification and drawings, components having substantially the same functional configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will thus not be repeated. 
     Modes for carrying out the present disclosure (hereinafter referred to as “embodiments”) will be described below. Note that the description will be made in the order below. 
     1. First Embodiment 
     2. Second Embodiment 
     3. Third Embodiment 
     4. Fourth Embodiment 
     5. Fifth Embodiment 
     6. Sixth Embodiment 
     7. Seventh Embodiment 
     8. Eighth Embodiment 
     9. Ninth Embodiment 
     10. Tenth Embodiment 
     11. Eleventh Embodiment 
     12. Twelfth Embodiment 
     13. Thirteenth Embodiment 
     14. Fourteenth Embodiment 
     15. Fifteenth Embodiment 
     16. Sixteenth Embodiment 
     17. Seventeenth Embodiment 
     18. Eighteenth Embodiment 
     19. Nineteenth Embodiment 
     20. Twentieth Embodiment 
     21. Twenty-First Embodiment 
     22. Twenty-Second Embodiment 
     23. Example of application to electronic equipment 
     24. Usage example of solid-state imaging device 
     25. Example of application to endoscopic surgery system 
     26. Example of application to mobile object 
     1. First Embodiment 
     &lt;Configuration Example of Imaging Device&gt; 
     A configuration example of an imaging device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure that prevents occurrence of ghosts and flare while achieving downsizing and reduction in height of the device configuration will be described with reference to  FIG. 1 . Note that  FIG. 1  is a side sectional view of the imaging device. 
     An imaging device  1  in  FIG. 1  includes a solid-state imaging element  11 , a glass substrate  12 , an infrared cut filter (IRCF)  14 , a lens group  16 , a circuit board  17 , an actuator  18 , a connector  19 , and a spacer  20 . 
     The solid-state imaging element  11  is an image sensor constituted by a so-called complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), a charge coupled device (CCD), or the like, and is fixed on the circuit board  17  in an electrically connected state. As will be described later with reference to  FIG. 4 , the solid-state imaging element  11  is constituted by a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, generates a pixel signal in accordance with an amount of incident light condensed and incident from the upper side in the drawing via the lens group  16  in a pixel unit, and outputs the pixel signal as an image signal to outside from the connector  19  via the circuit board  17 . 
     The glass substrate  12  is provided on an upper surface portion of the solid-state imaging element  11  in  FIG. 1 , and is bonded by a transparent adhesive (glue)  13 , that is, an adhesive having substantially the same refractive index as the glass substrate  12 . 
     The IRCF  14  that cuts infrared light in incident light is provided on an upper surface portion of the glass substrate  12  in  FIG. 1 , and is bonded by a transparent adhesive (glue)  15 , that is, an adhesive having substantially the same refractive index as the glass substrate  12 . The IRCF  14  is constituted by, for example, blue plate glass, and cuts (removes) infrared light. 
     That is, the solid-state imaging element  11 , the glass substrate  12 , and the IRCF  14  are laminated and bonded together by the transparent adhesives  13  and  15  to form an integrated configuration, and are connected to the circuit board  17 . Note that the solid-state imaging element  11 , the glass substrate  12 , and the IRCF  14  surrounded by a long dashed short dashed line in the drawing are bonded together by the adhesives  13  and  15  having substantially the same refractive index into an integrated configuration, and thus are also simply referred to as an integrated component  10  hereinafter. 
     Furthermore, the IRCF  14  may be singulated in a step of manufacturing the solid-state imaging element  11  and then attached onto the glass substrate  12 , or a large IRCF  14  may be attached onto the entire wafer-like glass substrate  12  constituted by a plurality of the solid-state imaging elements  11  and then singulated in units of the solid-state imaging elements  11 , and either of the techniques may be adopted. 
     The spacer  20  is disposed on the circuit board  17  so as to surround the entire structure in which the solid-state imaging element  11 , the glass substrate  12 , and the IRCF  14  are integrally formed. Furthermore, the actuator  18  is provided on the spacer  20 . The actuator  18  has a cylindrical configuration, incorporates the lens group  16  formed by laminating a plurality of lenses inside the cylinder, and drives the lens group  16  in a vertical direction in  FIG. 1 . 
     With such a configuration, the actuator  18  moves the lens group  16  in the vertical direction in  FIG. 1  (a front-rear direction with respect to an optical axis) to adjust a focus in accordance with a distance to a subject (not illustrated) on the upper side in the drawing so that the subject is formed as an image on an imaging surface of the solid-state imaging element  11 , thereby implementing autofocus. 
     &lt;Schematic External View&gt; 
     Next, a configuration of the integrated component  10  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 2 to 6 .  FIG. 2  is a schematic external view of the integrated component  10 . 
     The integrated component  10  illustrated in  FIG. 2  is a semiconductor package in which the solid-state imaging element  11  constituted by a laminate substrate formed by laminating a lower substrate  11   a  and an upper substrate lib is packaged. 
     A plurality of solder balls  11   e , which are back electrodes for electrical connection with the circuit board  17  in  FIG. 1 , is formed on the lower substrate  11   a  of the laminate substrate constituting the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     On an upper surface of the upper substrate lib, a color filter  11   c  of red (R), green (G), or blue (B) and an on-chip lens  11   d  are formed. Furthermore, the upper substrate lib is connected, in a cavity-less structure, to the glass substrate  12  for protecting the on-chip lens  11   d  via the adhesive  13  constituted by a glass seal resin. 
     For example, as illustrated in A of  FIG. 3 , a pixel region  21  in which pixel portions that perform photoelectric conversion are two-dimensionally arranged in an array and a control circuit  22  that controls the pixel portions are formed on the upper substrate lib, and a logic circuit  23  such as a signal processing circuit that processes a pixel signal output from the pixel portions is formed on the lower substrate  11   a.    
     Alternatively, as illustrated in B of  FIG. 3 , only the pixel region  21  may be formed on the upper substrate  11   b , and the control circuit  22  and the logic circuit  23  may be formed on the lower substrate  11   a.    
     As described above, by forming and laminating the logic circuit  23  or both the control circuit  22  and the logic circuit  23  on the lower substrate  11   a  separately from the upper substrate  11   b  of the pixel region  21 , the imaging device  1  can be downsized as compared with a case where the pixel region  21 , the control circuit  22 , and the logic circuit  23  are arranged in a planar direction on one semiconductor substrate. 
     In the following description, the upper substrate  11   b  on which at least the pixel region  21  is formed will be referred to as a pixel sensor substrate  11   b , and the lower substrate  11   a  on which at least the logic circuit  23  is formed will be referred to as a logic substrate  11   a.    
     &lt;Configuration Example of Laminate Substrate&gt; 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a circuit configuration example of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     The solid-state imaging element  11  includes a pixel array unit  33  in which pixels  32  are arranged in a two-dimensional array, a vertical drive circuit  34 , column signal processing circuits  35 , a horizontal drive circuit  36 , an output circuit  37 , a control circuit  38 , and an input/output terminal  39 . 
     The pixels  32  include a photodiode as a photoelectric conversion element and a plurality of pixel transistors. A circuit configuration example of the pixels  32  will be described later with reference to  FIG. 5 . 
     Furthermore, the pixels  32  may have a shared pixel structure. The pixel sharing structure is constituted by a plurality of photodiodes, a plurality of transfer transistors, one shared floating diffusion (floating diffusion region), and one shared pixel transistor of each of other types. That is, the shared pixels have a configuration in which the photodiodes and the transfer transistors that constitute a plurality of unit pixels share one pixel transistor of each of other types. 
     The control circuit  38  receives an input clock and data for giving an instruction on an operation mode or the like, and outputs data such as internal information of the solid-state imaging element  11 . That is, on the basis of a vertical synchronization signal, a horizontal synchronization signal, and a master clock, the control circuit  38  generates a clock signal and a control signal that serve as the basis of operations of the vertical drive circuit  34 , the column signal processing circuits  35 , the horizontal drive circuit  36 , and the like. Then, the control circuit  38  outputs the generated clock signal and control signal to the vertical drive circuit  34 , the column signal processing circuits  35 , the horizontal drive circuit  36 , and the like. 
     The vertical drive circuit  34  is constituted by, for example, a shift register, selects a predetermined pixel drive wiring  40 , supplies a pulse for driving the pixels  32  to the selected pixel drive wiring  40 , and drives the pixels  32  on a row-by-row basis. That is, the vertical drive circuit  34  selectively scans each of the pixels  32  in the pixel array unit  33  on a row-by-row basis sequentially in a perpendicular direction, and supplies, through a vertical signal line  41  to the column signal processing circuits  35 , a pixel signal based on a signal charge generated in accordance with the amount of light received by a photoelectric conversion unit of each of the pixels  32 . 
     The column signal processing circuits  35  are arranged, one for each of columns of the pixels  32 , and perform signal processing such as noise removal for each pixel column on signals output from the pixels  32  in one row. For example, the column signal processing circuits  5  perform signal processing such as correlated double sampling (CDS) for removing pixel-specific fixed pattern noise and analog-to-digital conversion. 
     The horizontal drive circuit  36  is constituted by, for example, a shift register, sequentially outputs horizontal scanning pulses to sequentially select each of the column signal processing circuits  35 , and causes each of the column signal processing circuits  35  to output a pixel signal to a horizontal signal line  42 . 
     The output circuit  37  performs signal processing on signals sequentially supplied from each of the column signal processing circuits  35  through the horizontal signal line  42 , and outputs the processed signals. In the output circuit  37 , for example, only buffering may be performed, or black level adjustment, column variation correction, various types of digital signal processing, and the like may be performed. The input/output terminal  39  is used to exchange signals with the outside. 
     The solid-state imaging element  11  configured as described above is a CMOS image sensor called a column AD system in which the column signal processing circuits  35  that perform CDS processing and analog-to-digital conversion processing are arranged, one for each pixel column. 
     &lt;Circuit Configuration Example of Pixel&gt; 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an equivalent circuit of the pixel  32 . 
     The pixel  32  illustrated in  FIG. 5  shows a configuration for implementing an electronic global shutter function. 
     The pixel  32  includes a photodiode  51  as a photoelectric conversion element, a first transfer transistor  52 , a memory unit (MEM)  53 , a second transfer transistor  54 , a floating diffusion region (FD)  55 , a reset transistor  56 , an amplification transistor  57 , a selection transistor  58 , and a discharge transistor  59 . 
     The photodiode  51  is a photoelectric conversion unit that generates and accumulates a charge (signal charge) in accordance with the amount of received light. An anode terminal of the photodiode  51  is grounded, and a cathode terminal is connected to the memory unit  53  via the first transfer transistor  52 . Furthermore, the cathode terminal of the photodiode  51  is also connected to the discharge transistor  59  for discharging unnecessary charges. 
     When turned on by a transfer signal TRX, the first transfer transistor  52  reads the charge generated by the photodiode  51 , and transfers the charge to the memory unit  53 . The memory unit  53  is a charge holding unit that temporarily holds a charge until the charge is transferred to the FD  55 . 
     When turned on by a transfer signal TRG, the second transfer transistor  54  reads the charge held in the memory unit  53 , and transfers the charge to the FD  55 . 
     The FD  55  is a charge holding unit that holds the charge read from the memory unit  53  to allow the charge to be read as a signal. When the reset transistor  56  is turned on by a reset signal RST, the charge accumulated in the FD  55  is discharged to a constant voltage source VDD, and the reset transistor  56  resets a potential of the FD  55 . 
     The amplification transistor  57  outputs a pixel signal in accordance with the potential of the FD  55 . That is, the amplification transistor  57  constitutes, together with a load MOS  60  as a constant current source, a source follower circuit, and a pixel signal indicating a level corresponding to the charge accumulated in the FD  55  is output from the amplification transistor  57  to the column signal processing circuit  35  ( FIG. 4 ) via the selection transistor  58 . The load MOS  60  is arranged, for example, in the column signal processing circuit  35 . 
     The selection transistor  58  is turned on when the pixel  32  is selected by a selection signal SEL, and outputs the pixel signal of the pixel  32  to the column signal processing circuit  35  via the vertical signal line  41 . 
     When turned on by a discharge signal OFG, the discharge transistor  59  discharges an unnecessary charge accumulated in the photodiode  51  to the constant voltage source VDD. 
     The transfer signals TRX and TRG, the reset signal RST, the discharge signal OFG, and the selection signal SEL are supplied from the vertical drive circuit  34  via the pixel drive wiring  40 . 
     An operation of the pixel  32  will be briefly described. 
     First, before exposure is started, a high-level discharge signal OFG is supplied to the discharge transistor  59  and causes the discharge transistor  59  to be turned on. Then, the charge accumulated in the photodiode  51  is discharged to the constant voltage source VDD, and the photodiodes  51  of all the pixels are reset. 
     After the photodiodes  51  have been reset, the discharge transistor  59  is turned off by a low-level discharge signal OFG, and exposure is started in all the pixels of the pixel array unit  33 . 
     When a predetermined exposure time that has been set in advance has elapsed, the first transfer transistor  52  is turned on by a transfer signal TRX in all the pixels of the pixel array unit  33 , and the charge accumulated in the photodiode  51  is transferred to the memory unit  53 . 
     After the first transfer transistor  52  has been turned off, the charges held in the memory unit  53  of each pixel  32  are sequentially read out to the column signal processing circuits  35  on a row-by-row basis. In the read operation, the second transfer transistor  54  of each pixel  32  in the row to be read is turned on by the transfer signal TRG, and the charge held in the memory unit  53  is transferred to the FD  55 . Then, when the selection transistor  58  is turned on by the selection signal SEL, a signal indicating the level corresponding to the charge accumulated in the FD  55  is output from the amplification transistor  57  to the column signal processing circuit  35  via the selection transistor  58 . 
     As described above, in the pixel  32  having the pixel circuit in  FIG. 5 , the exposure time is set to be the same in all the pixels of the pixel array unit  33 , and after the exposure has ended, the charge is temporarily held in the memory unit  53 , so that a global shutter operation (imaging) can be performed in which the charges are sequentially read from the memory unit  53  on a row-by-row basis. 
     Note that the circuit configuration of the pixel  32  is not limited to the configuration illustrated in  FIG. 5 . For example, a circuit configuration can be adopted in which the memory unit  53  is not included and an operation is performed by a so-called rolling shutter method. 
     &lt;Basic Structure Example of Solid-State Imaging Device&gt; 
     Next, a detailed structure of the solid-state imaging element  11  will be described with reference to  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 6  is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     In the logic substrate  11   a , a multilayer wiring layer  82  is formed on the upper side (pixel sensor substrate  11   b  side) of a semiconductor substrate  81  (hereinafter referred to as the silicon substrate  81 ) constituted by, for example, silicon (Si). The multilayer wiring layer  82  constitutes the control circuit  22  and the logic circuit  23  in  FIG. 3 . 
     The multilayer wiring layer  82  is constituted by a plurality of wiring layers  83  including an uppermost wiring layer  83   a  closest to the pixel sensor substrate  11   b , an intermediate wiring layer  83   b , a lowermost wiring layer  83   c  closest to the silicon substrate  81 , and the like, and an interlayer dielectric  84  formed between the wiring layers  83 . 
     The plurality of wiring layers  83  is formed with the use of, for example, copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), or tungsten (W), and the interlayer dielectric  84  is formed with the use of, for example, a silicon dioxide film or a silicon nitride film. In each one of the plurality of wiring layers  83  and the interlayer dielectric  84 , all the layers may be formed with the use of the same material, or two or more different materials may be used depending on the layer. 
     A silicon through hole  85  penetrating the silicon substrate  81  is formed at a predetermined position in the silicon substrate  81 , and a connection conductor  87  is embedded in an inner wall of the silicon through hole  85  via an insulating film  86 , and thus a through silicon via (TSV)  88  is formed. The insulating film  86  can be formed with the use of, for example, a SiO2 film, a SiN film, or the like. 
     Note that, in the through silicon via  88  illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the insulating film  86  and the connection conductor  87  are formed along an inner wall surface, and the inside of the silicon through hole  85  is a cavity, but the entire inside of the silicon through hole  85  may be embedded with the connection conductor  87  depending on an inner diameter. In other words, the inside of the through hole may be embedded with a conductor, or a part of the through hole may be a cavity. The same applies to a through chip via (TCV)  105  and the like described later. 
     The connection conductor  87  of the through silicon via  88  is connected to a rewiring  90  formed on the lower surface side of the silicon substrate  81 , and the rewiring  90  is connected to the solder ball  11   e . The connection conductor  87  and the rewiring  90  can be formed with the use of, for example, copper (Cu), tungsten (W), tungsten (W), or polysilicon. 
     Furthermore, on the lower surface side of the silicon substrate  81 , a solder mask (solder resist)  91  is formed so as to cover the rewiring  90  and the insulating film  86 , except for the region where the solder ball  11   e  is formed. 
     On the other hand, in the pixel sensor substrate  11   b , a multilayer wiring layer  102  is formed on the lower side (logic substrate  11   a  side) of a semiconductor substrate  101  (hereinafter referred to as the silicon substrate  101 ) constituted by silicon (Si). The multilayer wiring layer  102  constitutes a pixel circuit of the pixel region  21  in  FIG. 3 . 
     The multilayer wiring layer  102  is constituted by a plurality of wiring layers  103  including an uppermost wiring layer  103   a  closest to the silicon substrate  101 , an intermediate wiring layer  103   b , a lowermost wiring layer  103   c  closest to the logic substrate  11   a , and the like, and an interlayer dielectric  104  formed between the wiring layers  103 . 
     As a material used as the plurality of wiring layers  103  and the interlayer dielectric  104 , the same type of material as the material of the wiring layers  83  and the interlayer dielectric  84  described above can be adopted. Furthermore, the plurality of wiring layers  103  and the interlayer dielectric  104  may be formed with the use of one material or two or more different materials in a similar manner to the wiring layers  83  and the interlayer dielectric  84  described above. 
     Note that, in the example in  FIG. 6 , the multilayer wiring layer  102  of the pixel sensor substrate  11   b  is constituted by the three wiring layers  103 , and the multilayer wiring layer  82  of the logic substrate  11   a  is constituted by the four wiring layers  83 . However, the total number of wiring layers is not limited to this, and the number of layers formed is optional. 
     In the silicon substrate  101 , the photodiode  51  formed by a PN junction is formed, one for each of the pixels  32 . 
     Furthermore, although not illustrated, a plurality of pixel transistors such as the first transfer transistor  52  and the second transfer transistor  54 , the memory unit (MEM)  53 , and the like are also formed on the multilayer wiring layer  102  and the silicon substrate  101 . 
     At a predetermined position in the silicon substrate  101  where the color filter  11   c  and the on-chip lens  11   d  are not formed, a through silicon via  109  connected to the wiring layer  103   a  of the pixel sensor substrate lib and the through chip via  105  connected to the wiring layer  83   a  of the logic substrate  11   a  are formed. 
     The through chip via  105  and the through silicon via  109  are connected by a connection wiring  106  formed on an upper surface of the silicon substrate  101 . Furthermore, an insulating film  107  is formed between each of the through silicon via  109  and the through chip via  105  and the silicon substrate  101 . Moreover, on the upper surface of the silicon substrate  101 , the color filter  11   c  and the on-chip lens  11   d  are formed via a planarization film (insulating film)  108 . 
     As described above, the solid-state imaging element  11  illustrated in  FIG. 2  has a laminated structure in which the multilayer wiring layer  102  side of the logic substrate  11   a  and the multilayer wiring layer  82  side of the pixel sensor substrate  11   b  are bonded together. In  FIG. 6 , a bonding surface between the multilayer wiring layer  102  side of the logic substrate  11   a  and the multilayer wiring layer  82  side of the pixel sensor substrate  11   b  is indicated by a broken line. 
     Furthermore, in the solid-state imaging element  11  of the imaging device  1 , the wiring layers  103  of the pixel sensor substrate  11   b  and the wiring layers  83  of the logic substrate  11   a  are connected by two vias, the through silicon via  109  and the through chip via  105 , and the wiring layers  83  of the logic substrate  11   a  and the solder ball (back electrode)  11   e  are connected by the through silicon via  88  and the rewiring  90 . With this arrangement, the plane area of the imaging device  1  can be minimized. 
     Moreover, by bonding with the adhesive  13  in a cavity-less structure between the solid-state imaging element  11  and the glass substrate  12 , it is also possible to achieve a reduction in the height direction. 
     Thus, according to the imaging device  1  illustrated in  FIG. 1 , it is possible to achieve a further downsized semiconductor device (semiconductor package). 
     With the configuration of the imaging device  1  as described above, the IRCF  14  is provided on the solid-state imaging element  11  and the glass substrate  12 , so that it is possible to prevent occurrence of flare and ghosts due to internal diffuse reflection of light. 
     That is, as illustrated in a left part of  FIG. 7 , in a case where the IRCF  14  is separated from the glass substrate (glass)  12  and is disposed in the vicinity of the midpoint between the lens  16  and the glass substrate  12 , incident light is condensed as indicated by a solid line, is incident on the solid-state imaging element (CIS)  11  at a position F 0  via the IRCF  14 , the glass substrate  12 , and the adhesive  13 , and then is reflected at the position F 0  as indicated by a dotted line, and thus reflected light is generated. 
     As indicated by the dotted line, a part of the reflected light reflected at the position F 0  is reflected by a back surface (surface on the lower side in  FIG. 7 ) R 1  of the IRCF  14  arranged at a position separated from the glass substrate  12  via the adhesive  13  and the glass substrate  12 , for example, and is incident again on the solid-state imaging element  11  at a position F 1  via the glass substrate  12  and the adhesive  13 . 
     Furthermore, as indicated by the dotted line, another part of the reflected light reflected at the focal point F 0  passes through, for example, the adhesive  13 , the glass substrate  12 , and the IRCF  14  arranged at a position separated from the glass substrate  12 , is reflected by an upper surface (surface on the upper side in  FIG. 7 ) R 2  of the IRCF  14 , and is incident again on the solid-state imaging element  11  at a position F 2  via the IRCF  14 , the glass substrate  12 , and the adhesive  13 . 
     At the positions F 1  and F 2 , the light incident again generates flare and ghosts attributable to internal diffuse reflection. More specifically, as illustrated in an image P 1  in  FIG. 8 , when the solid-state imaging element  11  images a lighting L, the lighting L appears as flare or a ghost as indicated by reflected lights R 21  and R 22 . 
     On the other hand, in a case where the IRCF  14  is disposed on the glass substrate  12  as in the imaging device  1  as illustrated in a right part of  FIG. 7  corresponding to the configuration of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 1 , incident light indicated by a solid line is condensed, incident on the solid-state imaging element  11  at the position F 0  via the IRCF  14 , the adhesive  15 , the glass substrate  12 , and the adhesive  13 , and then reflected as indicated by a dotted line. Then, the reflected light is reflected by a surface R 11  of a lowermost lens of the lens group  16  via the adhesive  13 , the glass substrate  12 , the adhesive  15 , and the IRCF  14 . Since the lens group  16  is at a position sufficiently separated from the IRCF  14 , the reflected light is reflected to a range where the solid-state imaging element  11  cannot sufficiently receive the light. 
     Here, the solid-state imaging element  11 , the glass substrate  12 , and the IRCF  14  surrounded by a long dashed short dashed line in the drawing are bonded together and integrated by the adhesives  13  and  15  having substantially the same refractive index to be configured as the integrated component  10 . In the integrated component  10 , since the refractive index is standardized, occurrence of internal diffuse reflection that occurs at a boundary between layers having different refractive indexes is prevented, and, for example, re-incidence at the positions F 1  and F 2  in the vicinity of the position F 0  in the left part of  FIG. 7  is prevented. 
     With this arrangement, in a case where the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 1  captures an image of the lighting L, as illustrated in an image P 2  in  FIG. 8 , the imaging device  1  can capture an image in which occurrence of flare and ghosts attributable to internal diffuse reflection such as the reflected lights R 21  and R 22  in the image P 1  is prevented. 
     As a result, with a configuration like that of the imaging device  1  of the first embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1 , it is possible to achieve downsizing and reduction in height of the device configuration, and to prevent occurrence of flare and ghosts attributable to internal diffuse reflection. 
     Note that the image P 1  in  FIG. 8  is an image in which the lighting L is imaged at night by the imaging device  1  having the configuration in the left part of  FIG. 7 , and the image P 2  is an image in which the lighting L is imaged at night by the imaging device  1  (in  FIG. 1 ) having the configuration in the right part of  FIG. 7 . 
     Furthermore, in the above description, the configuration has been described as an example in which the lens group  16  is moved in the vertical direction in  FIG. 1  by the actuator  18  so that a focal length is adjusted in accordance with a distance to a subject and autofocus is implemented. However, the actuator  18  may not be provided, and the lens group  16  may not be used for adjustment of the focal length, but function as a so-called single focus lens. 
     2. Second Embodiment 
     In the first embodiment, the example in which the IRCF  14  is attached onto the glass substrate  12  attached to the imaging surface side of the solid-state imaging element  11  has been described, but the lowermost lens constituting the lens group  16  may be further provided on the IRCF  14 . 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  in which a lens constituting a lowermost layer with respect to an incident direction of light among a lens group  16  including a plurality of lenses constituting the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 1  is separated from the lens group  16  and disposed on an IRCF  14 . Note that, in  FIG. 5 , configurations having basically the same functions as those in  FIG. 1  are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. 
     That is, the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 1  in that a lens  131  serving as the lowermost layer with respect to the incident direction of light among a plurality of lenses constituting the lens group  16  is further provided separately from the lens group  16  on an upper surface of the IRCF  14  in the drawing. Note that the lens group  16  in  FIG. 9  is denoted by the same reference numeral as the lens group  16  in  FIG. 1 , but is different from the lens group  16  in  FIG. 1  in a strict sense that the lens  131  serving as the lowermost layer with respect to the incident direction of light is not included. 
     With a configuration of the imaging device  1  as illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the IRCF  14  is provided on a glass substrate  12  provided on a solid-state imaging element  11 . Moreover, the lowermost lens  131  constituting the lens group  16  is provided on the IRCF  14 . It is therefore possible to prevent occurrence of flare and ghosts due to internal diffuse reflection of light. 
     That is, as illustrated in a left part of  FIG. 10 , in a case where the lens  131  serving as the lowermost layer with respect to the incident direction of light among the lens group  16  is provided on the glass substrate  12 , and the IRCF  14  is separated from the lens  131  and is disposed in the vicinity of the midpoint between the lens group  16  and the lens  131 , incident light indicated by a solid line is condensed, incident on the solid-state imaging element  11  at a position F 0  via the IRCF  14 , the lens  131 , the glass substrate  12 , and an adhesive  13 , and then reflected from the position F 0  as indicated by a dotted line, and thus reflected light is generated. 
     As indicated by the dotted line, a part of the reflected light reflected at the position F 0  is reflected by a back surface (surface on the lower side in  FIG. 2 ) R 31  of the IRCF  14  arranged at a position separated from the lens  131  via, for example, the adhesive  13 , the glass substrate  12 , and the lens  131 , and is incident again on the solid-state imaging element  11  at a position F 11  via the lens  131 , the glass substrate  12 , and the adhesive  13 . 
     Furthermore, as indicated by the dotted line, another part of the reflected light reflected at the focal point F 0  passes through, for example, the adhesive  13 , the glass substrate  12 , the lens  131 , and the IRCF  14  arranged at a position separated from the lens  131 , is reflected by an upper surface (surface on the upper side in  FIG. 7 ) R 32  of the IRCF  14 , and is incident again on the solid-state imaging element  11  at a position F 12  via the IRCF  14 , the lens  131 , the glass substrate  12 , and the adhesive  13 . 
     At the positions F 11  and F 12 , the light that is incident again appears as flare or a ghost in the solid-state imaging element  11 . This point is basically similar to the principle that occurs in a case where the reflected lights R 21  and R 21  of the lighting L in the image P 1  described with reference to  FIG. 8  are incident again at the positions F 1  and F 2  in  FIG. 7 . 
     On the other hand, in a similar manner to the configuration of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 , in a case where the lowermost lens  131  of the lens group  16  is disposed on the IRCF  14  as illustrated in a right part of  FIG. 10 , incident light is condensed as indicated by a solid line, is incident on the solid-state imaging element  11  at the position F 0  via the lens  131 , the IRCF  14 , an adhesive  15 , the glass substrate  12 , and the adhesive  13 , and then is reflected, and reflected light is generated by a surface R 41  on the lens group  16  at a sufficiently distant position via the adhesive  13 , the glass substrate  12 , the adhesive  15 , the IRCF  14 , and the lens  131  as indicated by a dotted line. However, the reflected light is reflected in a range where the light cannot be substantially received by the solid-state imaging element  11 , so that occurrence of flare and ghosts can be prevented. 
     That is, the solid-state imaging element  11 , the adhesive  13 , the glass substrate  12 , and the IRCF  14  are bonded together by the adhesives  13  and  15  having substantially the same refractive index into an integrated configuration. Thus, in an integrated component  10  surrounded by a long dashed short dashed line in the drawing, which is the integrated configuration, the refractive index is standardized. This prevents occurrence of internal diffuse reflection that occurs at a boundary between layers having different refractive indexes, and prevents, for example, incidence of reflected light or the like at the positions F 11  and F 12  in the vicinity of the position F 0  as illustrated in the left part of  FIG. 10 . 
     As a result, with a configuration like that of the imaging device  1  of a second embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 10 , it is possible to achieve downsizing and reduction in height of the device configuration, and to prevent occurrence of flare and ghosts attributable to internal diffuse reflection. 
     3. Third Embodiment 
     In the second embodiment, the example in which the lowermost lens  131  is provided on the IRCF  14  has been described. However, the lowermost lens  131  and the IRCF  14  may be bonded together with an adhesive. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  in which a lowermost lens  131  and an IRCF  14  are bonded together with an adhesive. Note that, in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 11 , configurations having the same functions as those of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. 
     That is, the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 11  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  in that the lowermost lens  131  and the IRCF  14  are bonded together by a transparent adhesive  151 , that is, an adhesive having substantially the same refractive index. 
     A configuration like that of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 11  allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . 
     Furthermore, in a case where flatness of the lens  131  is not high, there is a possibility that the IRCF  14  is shifted with respect to the optical axis of the lens  131  in a case where the lens  131  is fixed to the IRCF  14  without the use of the adhesive  151 . However, by bonding the lens  131  and the IRCF  14  together with the adhesive  151 , it is possible to fix the IRCF  14  so that the IRCF  14  does not shift with respect to the optical axis of the lens  131  even in a case where the flatness of the lens  131  is not high, and it is possible to prevent occurrence of distortion of an image caused by a shift with respect to the optical axis. 
     4. Fourth Embodiment 
     In the second embodiment, the example in which the lowermost lens  131  with respect to the incident direction of light is provided on the IRCF  14  has been described. However, not only the lowermost lens  131  but also a plurality of lens groups constituting the lowermost layer of the lens group  16  may be provided on the IRCF  14 . 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  in which a lens group including a plurality of lenses constituting the lowermost layer with respect to the incident direction among a lens group  16  is disposed on an IRCF  14 . Note that, in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 12 , configurations having the same functions as those of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. 
     That is, the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 12  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  in that a lens group  171  including a plurality of lenses constituting the lowermost layer with respect to the incident direction of light in the lens group  16  is provided on the IRCF  14  instead of the lens  131 . Note that, although  FIG. 12  illustrates an example of the lens group  171  including two lenses, the lens group  171  may include more lenses. 
     Such a configuration allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . 
     Furthermore, since the lens group  171  including the plurality of lenses constituting the lowermost layer among the plurality of lenses constituting the lens group  16  is disposed on the IRCF  14 , the number of lenses constituting the lens group  16  can be reduced, and the weight of the lens group  16  can be reduced. This allows for a reduction in amount of driving force of an actuator  18  used for autofocus, and downsizing and reduction in power consumption of the actuator  18 . 
     Note that the lens  131  in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 11  of the third embodiment may be attached to the IRCF  14  with the transparent adhesive  151  instead of the lens group  171 . 
     5. Fifth Embodiment 
     In the second embodiment, the example in which the glass substrate  12  is attached onto the solid-state imaging element  11  with the adhesive  13  and the IRCF  14  is attached onto the glass substrate  12  with the adhesive  15  has been described. However, the glass substrate  12 , the adhesive  15 , and the IRCF  14  may be replaced with a configuration having both the function of the glass substrate  12  and the function of the IRCF  14 , and the configuration may be attached onto the solid-state imaging element  11  with the adhesive  13 . 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  in which a glass substrate  12 , an adhesive  15 , and an IRCF  14  are replaced with a configuration having both the function of the glass substrate  12  and the function of the IRCF  14 , and the configuration is attached onto a solid-state imaging element  11  with an adhesive  13 , and a lowermost lens  131  is provided thereon. Note that, in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 13 , configurations having the same functions as those of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. 
     That is, the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 13  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  in that the glass substrate  12  and the IRCF  14  are replaced with an IRCF glass substrate  14 ′ having the function of the glass substrate  12  and the function of the IRCF  14 , and the IRCF glass substrate  14 ′ is attached onto the solid-state imaging element  11  with the adhesive  13 , and moreover, the lowermost lens  131  is provided on the IRCF  14 ′. 
     Such a configuration allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . 
     That is, currently, for the purpose of downsizing of the solid-state imaging element  11 , the glass substrate  12  and the solid-state imaging element  11  referred to as a chip size package (CSP) structure are bonded, and the solid-state imaging element  11  is thinned with the glass substrate as a base substrate, so that the solid-state imaging element can be downsized. In  FIG. 13 , the IRCF glass substrate  14 ′ implements not only the function of the IRCF  14  but also the function as the glass substrate  12  having a degree of flatness, and this allows for reduction in height. 
     Note that the glass substrate  12 , the adhesive  15 , and the IRCF  14  of the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 1, 11, and 12  according to the first embodiment, the third embodiment, and the fourth embodiment may be replaced with the IRCF glass substrate  14 ′ having the function of the glass substrate  12  and the function of the IRCF  14 . 
     6. Sixth Embodiment 
     In the fourth embodiment, the example has been described in which the glass substrate  12  is attached onto the solid-state imaging element  11  having the CSP structure with the adhesive  13 , moreover, the IRCF  14  is attached onto the glass substrate  12  with the adhesive  15 , and moreover, the lens group  171  including the plurality of lenses in the lowermost layer among the plurality of lenses constituting the lens group  16  is provided on the IRCF  14 . However, instead of the solid-state imaging element  11  having the CSP structure, a solid-state imaging element  11  having a chip on board (COB) structure may be used. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates a configuration example in which the glass substrate  12  and the IRCF  14  in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 12  are replaced with an IRCF glass substrate  14 ′ having the function of the glass substrate  12  and the function of the IRCF  14 , and the solid-state imaging element  11  having the chip on board (COB) structure is used instead of the solid-state imaging element  11  having the CSP structure. Note that, in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 14 , configurations having the same functions as those of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 12  are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. 
     That is, the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 14  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 12  in that the glass substrate  12  and the IRCF  14  are replaced with the IRCF glass substrate  14 ′ having the function of the glass substrate  12  and the function of the IRCF  14 , and a solid-state imaging element  91  having a chip on board (COB) structure is used instead of the solid-state imaging element  11  having the CSP structure. 
     Such a configuration allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 12 . 
     Furthermore, in recent years, in accordance with downsizing of the imaging device  1 , a CSP structure has been generally adopted for downsizing of the solid-state imaging element  11 . However, the CSP structure is more expensive than the solid-state imaging element  11  having the COB structure because complicated processing is required, for example, bonding to the glass substrate  12  or the IRCF glass substrate  14 ′ or wiring of a terminal of the solid-state imaging element  11  on a rear side of a light receiving surface. Thus, not only the CSP structure but also the solid-state imaging element  91  having the COB structure connected to a circuit board  17  by a wire bond  92  or the like may be used. 
     Using the solid-state imaging element  91  having the COB structure facilitates connection to the circuit board  17 , so that processing can be simplified, and cost can be reduced. 
     Note that the solid-state imaging element  11  having the CSP structure of the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 1, 9, 11, and 13  according to the first to third embodiments and the fifth embodiment may be replaced with the solid-state imaging element  11  having the chip on board (COB) structure. 
     7. Seventh Embodiment 
     In the second embodiment, the example has been described in which the glass substrate  12  is provided on the solid-state imaging element  11 , and moreover, the IRCF  14  is provided on the glass substrate. However, the IRCF  14  may be provided on the solid-state imaging element  11 , and moreover, the glass substrate  12  may be provided on the IRCF  14 . 
       FIG. 15  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  in a case where a glass substrate  12  is used, an IRCF  14  is provided on a solid-state imaging element  11 , and moreover, the glass substrate  12  is provided on the IRCF  14 . 
     The imaging device  1  in  FIG. 15  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  in that the glass substrate  12  and the IRCF  14  are switched in position, the IRCF  14  is attached onto the solid-state imaging element  11  with a transparent adhesive  13 , and moreover, the glass substrate  12  is attached onto the IRCF  14  with a transparent adhesive  15 , and a lens  131  is provided on the glass substrate  12 . 
     Such a configuration allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . 
     Furthermore, the IRCF  14  generally has a characteristic that flatness is low under influence of temperature and disturbance, and may cause distortion of an image on the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Thus, a special material is generally adopted in which flatness is kept by a coating material or the like being applied to both surfaces of the IRCF  14 , for example. However, this increases cost. 
     On the other hand, in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 15 , the IRCF  14  having low flatness is sandwiched between the solid-state imaging element  11  and the glass substrate  12  having high flatness, so that flatness can be secured at low cost, and distortion of an image can be reduced. 
     Thus, the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 15  allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts, and also allows for prevention of image distortion caused by the characteristic of the IRCF  14 . Furthermore, a coating constituted by a special material for keeping the flatness is unnecessary, and the cost can be reduced. 
     Note that, similarly in the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 1, 11 , and  12  according to the first embodiment, the third embodiment, and the fourth embodiment, the glass substrate  12  and the IRCF  14  may be switched in position and attached with the adhesives  13  and  15 . 
     8. Eighth Embodiment 
     In the first embodiment, the example has been described in which the IRCF  14  is used as a configuration for cutting infrared light. However, a configuration other than the IRCF  14  may be used as long as the configuration can cut infrared light. For example, instead of the IRCF  14 , an infrared cut resin may be applied and used. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  in which an infrared cut resin is used instead of the IRCF  14 . Note that, in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 16 , configurations having the same functions as those of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 1  are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. 
     That is, the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 16  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 1  in that an infrared cut resin  211  is provided instead of the IRCF  14 . The infrared cut resin  211  is provided by being applied, for example. 
     Such a configuration allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 1 . 
     Furthermore, in recent years, resin has been increasingly improved, and resin having an infrared cut effect has become general. It is known that the infrared cut resin  211  can be applied to a glass substrate  12  at the time of production of a CSP solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Note that the infrared cut resin  211  may be used instead of the IRCF  14  of the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 9, 11, 12, and 15  according to the second to fourth embodiments and the seventh embodiment. 
     9. Ninth Embodiment 
     In the second embodiment, the example has been described in which, in a case where the glass substrate  12  is used, a flat plate is provided in a state of being in close contact with the solid-state imaging element  11  without a cavity or the like. However, a cavity may be provided between the glass substrate  12  and the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
       FIG. 17  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  in which a cavity is provided between a glass substrate  12  and a solid-state imaging element  11 . Note that, in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 17 , configurations having the same functions as those of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. 
     That is, the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 17  is different from the imaging device in  FIG. 9  in that a glass substrate  231  having a protrusion  231   a  at the periphery is provided instead of the glass substrate  12 . The protrusion  231   a  at the periphery abuts on the solid-state imaging element  11 , and the protrusion  231   a  is bonded by a transparent adhesive  232 , so that a cavity  231   b  constituted by an air layer is formed between an imaging surface of the solid-state imaging element  11  and the glass substrate  231 . 
     Such a configuration allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . 
     Note that, instead of the glass substrate  12  of the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 1, 11, 12, and 16  according to the first embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, and the eighth embodiment, the glass substrate  231  may be used, and only the protrusion  231   a  may be bonded by the adhesive  232  so that the cavity  231   b  is formed. 
     10. Tenth Embodiment 
     In the second embodiment, the lowermost lens  131  of the lens group  16  is disposed on the IRCF  14  provided on the glass substrate  12  by way of example. However, instead of the IRCF  14  on the glass substrate  12 , it is possible to use a coating agent constituted by an organic multilayer film having an infrared cut function. 
       FIG. 18  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  in which, instead of the IRCF  14  on the glass substrate  12 , a coating agent constituted by an organic multilayer film having an infrared cut function is used. 
     The imaging device  1  in  FIG. 18  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  in that a coating agent  251  constituted by an organic multilayer film having an infrared cut function is used instead of the IRCF  14  on the glass substrate  12 . 
     Such a configuration allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . 
     Note that the coating agent  251  constituted by the organic multilayer film having the infrared cut function may be used instead of the IRCF  14  of the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 1, 6, 7, 10, and 12  according to the first embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the seventh embodiment, and the ninth embodiment. 
     11. Eleventh Embodiment 
     In the tenth embodiment, the example has been described in which, instead of the IRCF  14  on the glass substrate  12 , the lowermost lens  131  of the lens group  16  is provided on the coating agent  251  constituted by the organic multilayer film having the infrared cut function. However, the lens  131  may be further provided with antireflection (AR) coating. 
       FIG. 19  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  in which AR coat is applied to a lens  131  in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 13 . 
     That is, the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 19  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 18  in that, instead of the lens  131 , a lens  271  in the lowermost layer of a lens group  16  to which an AR coat  271   a  is applied is provided. For the AR coat  271   a , for example, vacuum deposition, sputtering, wet coating, or the like can be adopted. 
     Such a configuration allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . 
     Furthermore, the AR coat  271   a  of the lens  271  prevents internal diffuse reflection of reflected light from a solid-state imaging element  11 , and this makes it possible to prevent occurrence of flare and ghosts with higher accuracy. 
     Note that the lens  271  provided with the AR coat  271   a  may be used instead of the lens  131  of the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 18  according to the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the fifth embodiment, the seventh embodiment, the ninth embodiment, and the tenth embodiment. Furthermore, an AR coat similar to the AR coat  271   a  may be applied to the surface (uppermost surface in the drawing) of the lens group  171  of the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 12 and 14  according to the fourth embodiment and the sixth embodiment. 
     The AR coat  271   a  desirably has a film having a single-layer or multi-layer structure of the following films. That is, the AR coat  271   a  is, for example, an insulating film (e.g., SiCH, SiCOH, or SiCNH) containing, as main components, resin such as a transparent silicon-based resin, an acryl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, or a styrene-based resin, silicon (Si), carbon (C), and hydrogen (H), an insulating film (e.g., SiON or SiN) containing silicon (Si) and nitrogen (N) as main components, or a SiO2 film, a P—SiO film, an HDP-SiO film, or the like formed with the use of an oxidizing agent and a material gas including at least one of silicon hydroxide, alkylsilane, alkoxysilane, polysiloxane, or the like. 
     12. Twelfth Embodiment 
     In the eleventh embodiment, the example has been described in which the lens  271  provided with the antireflection (AR) coat  271   a  is used instead of the lens  131 . However, as long as an antireflection function can be implemented, a configuration other than the AR coat may be used. For example, a moth-eye structure, which is a structure with minute recesses and protrusions for preventing reflection, may be used. 
       FIG. 20  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  in which a lens  291  having a moth-eye structure with an antireflection function is provided instead of the lens  131  of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 19 . 
     That is, the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 20  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 18  in that, instead of the lens  131 , the lens  291  provided with an antireflection treated portion  291   a  subjected to treatment for forming a moth-eye structure is provided in the lowermost layer of a lens group  16 . 
     Such a configuration allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 18 . 
     Furthermore, the lens  291  has the antireflection treated portion  291   a  subjected to treatment for forming a moth-eye structure. This prevents internal diffuse reflection of reflected light from a solid-state imaging element  11 , and allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts with higher accuracy. Note that the antireflection treated portion  291   a  may be subjected to antireflection treatment other than the moth-eye structure as long as the antireflection function can be implemented. 
     The antireflection treated portion  291   a  desirably has a film having a single-layer or multi-layer structure of the following films. That is, the antireflection treated portion  291   a  is, for example, an insulating film (e.g., SiCH, SiCOH, or SiCNH) containing, as main components, resin such as a transparent silicon-based resin, an acryl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, or a styrene-based resin, silicon (Si), carbon (C), and hydrogen (H), an insulating film (e.g., SiON or SiN) containing silicon (Si) and nitrogen (N) as main components, or a SiO2 film, a P—SiO film, an HDP-SiO film, or the like formed with the use of an oxidizing agent and a material gas including at least one of silicon hydroxide, alkylsilane, alkoxysilane, polysiloxane, or the like. 
     Note that the lens  291  provided with the antireflection treated portion  291   a  may be used instead of the lens  131  of the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 18  according to the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the fifth embodiment, the seventh embodiment, the ninth embodiment, and the tenth embodiment. Furthermore, the surface of the lens group  171  of the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 12 and 14  according to the fourth embodiment and the sixth embodiment may be subjected to antireflection treatment similar to that of the antireflection treated portion  291   a.    
     13. Thirteenth Embodiment 
     In the fourth embodiment, the example has been described in which the lowermost lens  131  of the lens group  16  is provided on the IRCF  14 . However, this configuration may be replaced with a configuration having a function of cutting infrared light and a function similar to that of the lowermost lens  131 . 
       FIG. 21  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  provided with an infrared light cut lens having an infrared cut function and a function similar to that of the lowermost lens of the lens group  16 , instead of the IRCF  14  and the lowermost lens  131  of the lens group  16  in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . 
     That is, the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 21  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  in that an infrared light cut lens  301  with an infrared cut function is provided instead of the IRCF  14  and the lowermost lens  131  of the lens group  16 . 
     Such a configuration allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . 
     Furthermore, the infrared light cut lens  301  has a configuration having both an infrared cut function and a function as the lowermost lens  131  of the lens group  16 . This makes it unnecessary to individually provide the IRCF  14  and the lens  131 , and allows for further downsizing and reduction in height of the device configuration of the imaging device  1 . Furthermore, the lens group  171  and the IRCF  14  of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 12  according to the fourth embodiment may be replaced with an infrared light cut lens having both an infrared cut function and a function as the lens group  171  including a plurality of lenses in the lowermost layer of the lens group  16 . 
     14. Fourteenth Embodiment 
     It is known that stray light easily enters from a marginal portion of a light receiving surface of a solid-state imaging element  11 . Thus, a black mask may be applied to the marginal portion of the light receiving surface of the solid-state imaging element  11  to prevent entry of stray light so that occurrence of flare and ghosts may be prevented. 
     A left part of  FIG. 22  illustrates a configuration example of an imaging device  1  in which a glass substrate  321  provided with a black mask  321   a  that shields the marginal portion of the light receiving surface of the solid-state imaging element  11  from light is provided instead of the glass substrate  12  of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 18 . 
     That is, the imaging device  1  in the left part of  FIG. 22  is different from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 18  in that, as illustrated in a right part of  FIG. 22 , the glass substrate  321  provided with the black mask  321   a  constituted by a light shielding film at a marginal portion Z 2  is provided instead of the glass substrate  12 . The black mask  321   a  is applied to the glass substrate  321  by photolithography or the like. Note that the black mask is not applied to a central portion Z 1  of the glass substrate  321  in the right part of  FIG. 22 . 
     Such a configuration allows for prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts in a similar manner to the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . 
     Furthermore, in the glass substrate  321 , the black mask  321   a  is applied to the marginal portion Z 2 , and this allows for prevention of entry of stray light from the marginal portion, and prevention of occurrence of flare and ghosts attributable to stray light. 
     Note that the black mask  321   a  may be provided not only in the glass substrate  321  but also in another configuration as long as stray light can be prevented from entering the solid-state imaging element  11 . For example, the black mask  321   a  may be provided in a lens  131  or a coating agent  251  constituted by an organic multilayer film having an infrared cut function, or may be provided in an IRCF  14 , an IRCF glass substrate  14 ′, a glass substrate  231 , a lens group  171 , a lens  271  or  291 , an infrared cut resin  211 , an infrared light cut lens  301 , or the like. Note that, at this time, in a case of a surface with a low flatness where a black mask cannot be applied by photolithography, a black mask may be applied to the surface with low flatness by inkjet, for example. 
     As described above, according to the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce flare and ghosts attributable to internal diffuse reflection of light from the solid-state imaging element due to downsizing, and it is possible to achieve an increase in the number of pixels, an improvement in image quality, and downsizing without degradation of performance of the imaging device. 
     15. Fifteenth Embodiment 
     In the above description, the example has been described in which the lens  131 ,  271 , or  291 , the lens group  171 , or the infrared light cut lens  301  is joined onto the rectangular solid-state imaging element  11  by bonding, attaching, or the like. 
     However, in a case where any one of the rectangular lens  131 ,  271 , or  291 , the lens group  171 , or the infrared light cut lens  301  is bonded or attached to the solid-state imaging element  11  of substantially the same size, the vicinities of corner portions are likely to come unstuck, and there is a possibility that incident light is not appropriately incident on the solid-state imaging element  11  due to a corner portion of the lens  131  having come unstuck, and flare or a ghost occurs. 
     Thus, in a case where any one of the rectangular lens  131 ,  271 , or  291 , the lens group  171 , or the infrared light cut lens  301  is bonded or attached to the solid-state imaging element  11 , external dimensions may be set to be smaller than those of the solid-state imaging element  11 , and moreover, an effective region may be set in the vicinity of the center of the lens and an ineffective region may be set in an outer circumferential part, so that the lens is less likely to come unstuck, or even in a case where the lens has come partly unstuck at an edge, incident light is effectively condensed. 
     That is, in a case where the lens  131  is bonded or attached to a glass substrate  12  provided on the solid-state imaging element  11 , for example, as illustrated in  FIG. 23 , external dimensions of the lens  131  are set to be smaller than those of the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 , with an ineffective region  131   b  set in the outer circumferential part of the lens  131  and an effective region  131   a  set inside thereof. Note that, instead of the glass substrate  12 , a glass substrate  231  may be provided on the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Furthermore, the configuration in  FIG. 23  is a configuration in which the IRCF  14  and the adhesive  15  have been omitted from the integrated component  10  of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . However, the IRCF  14  and the adhesive  15  have been omitted only for convenience of description, and, as a matter of course, may be provided between the lens  131  and the glass substrate  12 . 
     Moreover, here, the effective region  131   a  is a region that is in a region where incident light enters through the lens  131 , has an aspheric shape, and effectively functions to condense the incident light into a region in the solid-state imaging element  11  where photoelectric conversion can be performed. In other words, the effective region  131   a  has a concentric structure in which a structure of a lens having an aspheric shape is formed, is a region circumscribing the outer circumferential part of the lens, and is a region where the incident light is condensed on an imaging surface of the solid-state imaging element  11  where photoelectric conversion can be performed. 
     On the other hand, the ineffective region  131   b  is a region that does not necessarily function as a lens that condenses incident light incident on the lens  131  on a region in the solid-state imaging element  11  where photoelectric conversion can be performed. 
     However, in the ineffective region  131   b , at a boundary with the effective region  131   a , it is desirable to have a structure in which a structure functioning as a lens having a partially aspheric shape is extended. As described above, the structure functioning as a lens is provided so as to extend to the vicinity of the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b . This allows incident light to be appropriately condensed on the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging element  11  even in a case where the lens  131  has not been positioned correctly when bonded or attached to the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Note that, in  FIG. 23 , the size of the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11  is Vs in height in a perpendicular direction (Y direction)×Hs in width in a horizontal direction (X direction), and the lens  131  having a size of Vn in height in the perpendicular direction×Hn in width in the horizontal direction, which is smaller than that of the solid-state imaging element  11  (glass substrate  12 ), is bonded or attached to a central portion inside the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 . Moreover, the ineffective region  131   b  that does not function as a lens is set in the outer circumferential part of the lens  131 , and the effective region  131   a  having a size of Ve in height in the perpendicular direction×He in width in the horizontal direction is set inside the ineffective region  131   b.    
     In other words, a relationship in width in the horizontal direction and a relationship in height in the perpendicular direction are both expressed as follows: the width and length of the effective region  131   a  of the lens  131 &lt;the width and length of the ineffective region  131   b &lt;the width and length of the external size of the solid-state imaging element  11  (glass substrate  12  thereon). Each of the lens  131 , the effective region  131   a , and the ineffective region  131   b  has substantially the same center position. 
     Furthermore, in  FIG. 23 , a top view in a case where the lens  131  is bonded or attached to the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11  as viewed from the light incident direction side is illustrated in an upper part of the drawing, and an external perspective view in a case where the lens  131  is bonded or attached to the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11  is illustrated in a lower left part of the drawing. 
     Moreover, in  FIG. 23 , a lower right part of the drawing illustrates a boundary B 1  between a side surface portion of the lens  131  and the glass substrate  12 , a boundary B 2  outside the ineffective region  131   b , and a boundary B 3  between the outside of the effective region  131   a  and the inside of the ineffective region  131   b , at an edge of the external perspective view in a case where the lens  131  is bonded or attached to the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Here,  FIG. 23  illustrates an example in which side surface edges of the lens  131  are perpendicular to the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 . Thus, in the top view in  FIG. 23 , the boundary B 2  outside the ineffective region  131   b , which is formed on an upper surface portion of the lens  131 , and the boundary B 1  between the effective region  131   a  and the ineffective region  131   b , which is formed on a lower surface portion of the lens  131 , are the same in size. With this arrangement, in the upper part of  FIG. 23 , the outer circumferential part (boundary B 1 ) of the lens  131  and an outer circumferential part (boundary B 2 ) of the ineffective region  131   b  are expressed as being the same in external shape. 
     With such a configuration, a space is formed between side surfaces serving as the outer circumferential part of the lens  131  and an outer circumferential part of the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 . It is therefore possible to prevent interference between the side surface portion of the lens  131  and another object, and to achieve a configuration in which the lens  131  is less likely to come unstuck from the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Furthermore, since the effective region  131   a  of the lens  131  is set inside the ineffective region  131   b , even in a case where a peripheral portion has come partly unstuck, incident light can be appropriately condensed on the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging element  11 . Furthermore, when the lens  131  has come unstuck, interface reflection increases, and flare and ghosts worsen. Therefore, by preventing the lens  131  from coming unstuck, occurrence of flare and ghosts can be prevented as a result. 
     Note that, in  FIG. 23 , the example has been described in which the lens  131  is bonded or attached to the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 . However, as a matter of course, this applies to any of the lens  271  or  291 , the lens group  171 , or the infrared light cut lens  301  may be used. 
     &lt;Modified Example of External Shape of Lens&gt; 
     In the above description, the example has been described in which the effective region  131   a  is set in a central part of the lens  131 , the ineffective region  131   b  is set in the outer circumferential part thereof, and moreover, the effective region  131   a  is smaller in size than the outer circumference of the solid-state imaging element  11  (glass substrate  12  thereon), in which all four corners of the external shape of the lens  131  are formed in an acute angle shape. 
     However, as long as the size of the lens  131  is set to be smaller than the size of the solid-state imaging element  11  (glass substrate  12  thereon), the effective region  131   a  is set in the central part of the lens  131 , and the ineffective region  131   b  is set in the outer circumferential part thereof, the external shape may be any other shape. 
     That is, as illustrated in an upper left part of  FIG. 24  (corresponding to  FIG. 23 ), four corner regions  2301  of the external shape of the lens  131  may be formed in an acute angle shape. Furthermore, as indicated by a lens  131 ′ in an upper right part of  FIG. 24 , four corner regions  2302  may have a polygonal shape including obtuse angles. 
     Furthermore, as indicated by a lens  131 ″ in a middle left part of  FIG. 24 , four corner regions  2303  of the external shape may have a circle-like shape. 
     Moreover, as indicated by a lens  131 ′″ in a middle right part of  FIG. 24 , four corner regions  2304  of the external shape may have a shape in which small rectangular parts protrude from the four corners. Furthermore, the protruding shape may be a shape other than a rectangle, and may be, for example, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a polygonal shape, or the like. 
     Furthermore, as indicated by a lens  131 ′″ in a lower left part of  FIG. 24 , four corner regions  2305  of the external shape may have a shape recessed in a rectangular shape. 
     Moreover, as indicated by a lens  131  in a lower right part of  FIG. 24 , the effective region  131   a  may have a rectangular shape, and an outer circumferential part of the ineffective region  131   b  may have a circular shape. 
     That is, as the angles of the corner portions of the lens  131  are more acute, the corner portions are more likely to come unstuck from the glass substrate  12 , and this may create an optical adverse effect. Thus, as illustrated by the lenses  131 ′ to  131  in  FIG. 24 , by forming the corner portions into a polygonal shape having obtuse angles larger than 90 degrees, a round shape, a shape provided with a recess or a protrusion, or the like, it is possible to achieve a configuration in which the lens  131  is less likely to come unstuck from the glass substrate  12 , and reduce the risk of creating an optical adverse effect. 
     &lt;Modified Example of Structure of Lens Edge&gt; 
     In the above description, the example has been described in which the edges of the lens  131  are formed perpendicular to the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging element  11 . However, as long as the size of the lens  131  is set to be smaller than the size of the solid-state imaging element  11 , the effective region  131   a  is set in the central part of the lens  131 , and the ineffective region  131   b  is set in the outer circumferential part thereof, another shape may be formed. 
     That is, as illustrated in an upper left part of  FIG. 25 , at the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b , a configuration similar to that of the effective region  131   a  as an aspheric lens may be extended, and an edge may be formed perpendicularly as indicated by an edge Z 331  of the ineffective region  131   b  (corresponding to the configuration in  FIG. 23 ). 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a second drawing from the left in an upper part of  FIG. 25 , at the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b , a configuration similar to that of the effective region  131   a  as an aspheric lens may be extended, and an edge may be formed in a tapered shape as indicated by an edge  2332  of the ineffective region  131   b.    
     Moreover, as illustrated in a third drawing from the left in the upper part of  FIG. 25 , at the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b , a configuration similar to that of the effective region  131   a  as an aspheric lens may be extended, and an edge may be formed in a round shape as indicated by an edge  2333  of the ineffective region  131   b.    
     Furthermore, as illustrated in an upper right part of  FIG. 25 , at the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b , a configuration similar to that of the effective region  131   a  as an aspheric lens may be extended, and an edge may be formed as a side surface of a multistage structure as indicated by an edge  2334  of the ineffective region  131   b.    
     Moreover, as illustrated in a lower left part of  FIG. 25 , at the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b , a configuration similar to that of the effective region  131   a  as an aspheric lens may be extended, and as indicated by an edge  2335  of the ineffective region  131   b , the edge may have a horizontal planar portion, a mound-like protruding portion protruding over the effective region  131   a  in a direction facing the incident direction of incident light may be formed, and a side surface of the protruding portion may be formed perpendicularly. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a second drawing from the left in a lower part of  FIG. 25 , at the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b , a configuration similar to that of the effective region  131   a  as an aspheric lens may be extended, and as indicated by an edge  2336  of the ineffective region  131   b , the edge may have a horizontal planar portion, a mound-like protruding portion protruding over the effective region  131   a  in a direction facing the incident direction of incident light may be formed, and a side surface of the protruding portion may be formed in a tapered shape. 
     Moreover, as illustrated in a third drawing from the left in the lower part of  FIG. 25 , at the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b , a configuration similar to that of the effective region  131   a  as an aspheric lens may be extended, and as indicated by an edge  2337  of the ineffective region  131   b , the edge may have a horizontal planar portion, a mound-like protruding portion protruding over the effective region  131   a  in a direction facing the incident direction of incident light may be formed, and a side surface of the protruding portion may be formed in a round shape. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a lower right part of  FIG. 25 , at the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b , a configuration similar to that of the effective region  131   a  as an aspheric lens may be extended, and as indicated by an edge  2338  of the ineffective region  131   b , the edge may have a horizontal planar portion, a mound-like protruding portion protruding over the effective region  131   a  in a direction facing the incident direction of incident light may be formed, and a side surface of the protruding portion may be formed in a multistage structure. 
     Note that the upper part of  FIG. 25  illustrates structure examples in which the edge of the lens  131  has a horizontal planar portion, and a mound-like protruding portion protruding over the effective region  131   a  in a direction facing the incident direction of incident light is not provided. The lower part illustrates structural examples in which the edge of the lens  131  is not provided with a protruding portion having a horizontal planar portion. Furthermore, the upper part and the lower part of  FIG. 25  illustrate, both in order from the left, an example in which the edge of the lens  131  is perpendicular to the glass substrate  12 , an example in which the edge is formed in a tapered shape, an example in which the edge is formed in a round shape, and an example in which the edge has a plurality of side surfaces in multiple stages. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in an upper part of  FIG. 26 , at the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b , a configuration similar to that of the effective region  131   a  as an aspheric lens may be extended, and as indicated by an edge  2351  of the ineffective region  131   b , a protruding portion may be formed perpendicular to the glass substrate  12 , and moreover, a rectangular boundary structure Es may be left at the boundary with the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Moreover, as illustrated in a lower part of  FIG. 26 , at the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b , a configuration similar to that of the effective region  131   a  as an aspheric lens may be extended, and as indicated by an edge  2352  of the ineffective region  131   b , a protruding portion may be formed perpendicular to the glass substrate  12 , and moreover, a round boundary structure Er may be left at the boundary with the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Both of the rectangular boundary structure Es and the round boundary structure Er increase a contact area between the lens  131  and the glass substrate  12 . This allows the lens  131  and the glass substrate  12  to be more closely joined, and, as a result, the lens  131  to be prevented from coming unstuck from the glass substrate  12 . 
     Note that the rectangular boundary structure Es and the round boundary structure Er may be used in any of a case where the edge is formed in a tapered shape, a case where the edge is formed in a round shape, or a case where the edge is formed in a multistage structure. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 27 , at the boundary with the effective region  131   a  in the ineffective region  131   b , a configuration similar to that of the effective region  131   a  as an aspheric lens may be extended, and as indicated by an edge  2371  of the ineffective region  131   b , a side surface of the lens  131  may be formed perpendicular to the glass substrate  12 , and moreover, a refractive film  351  having a predetermined refractive index may be disposed on the glass substrate  12  in the outer circumferential part thereof at substantially the same height as the lens  131 . 
     With this arrangement, for example, in a case where the refractive film  351  has a refractive index higher than the predetermined refractive index, as indicated by a solid arrow in an upper part of  FIG. 27 , in a case where incident light enters from the outer circumferential part of the lens  131 , the incident light is reflected to the outside of the lens  131 , and the incident light to the side surface portion of the lens  131  is reduced as indicated by a dotted arrow. As a result, since entry of stray light into the lens  131  is prevented, occurrence of flare and ghosts is prevented. 
     Furthermore, in a case where the refractive film  351  has a refractive index lower than the predetermined refractive index, light that is not incident on an incidence plane of the solid-state imaging element  11  but is going to pass through from the side surface of the lens  131  to the outside of the lens  131  is allowed to pass through as indicated by a solid arrow in a lower part of  FIG. 27 , and reflected light from the side surface of the lens  131  is reduced as indicated by a dotted arrow. As a result, since entry of stray light into the lens  131  is prevented, occurrence of flare and ghosts can be prevented. 
     Moreover, in  FIG. 27 , the example has been described in which the refractive film  351  is formed at the same height as the lens  131  on the glass substrate  12  and has an edge formed perpendicularly, but other shapes may be adopted. 
     For example, as indicated by a region  2391  in an upper left part of  FIG. 28 , the refractive film  351  may be formed in a tapered shape at an edge on the glass substrate  12  and have a thickness larger than the height of the edge of the lens  131 . 
     Furthermore, for example, as indicated by a region  2392  in an upper central part of  FIG. 28 , the refractive film  351  may be formed in a tapered shape at an edge and have a thickness larger than the height of the edge of the lens  131 , and moreover, may partially cover the ineffective region  131   b  of the lens  131 . 
     Moreover, for example, as indicated by a region  2393  in an upper right part of  FIG. 28 , the refractive film  351  may be formed in a tapered shape from the height of the edge of the lens  131  to the edge of the glass substrate  12 . 
     Furthermore, for example, as indicated by a region  2394  in a lower left part of  FIG. 28 , the refractive film  351  may be formed in a tapered shape at the edge of the glass substrate  12  and have a thickness smaller than the height of the edge of the lens  131 . 
     Moreover, for example, as indicated by a region  2395  in a lower right part of  FIG. 28 , the refractive film  351  may be recessed toward the glass substrate  12  with respect to the height of the edge of the lens  131  and formed in a round shape. 
     In any of the configurations in  FIGS. 27 and 28 , since entry of stray light into the lens  131  is prevented, occurrence of flare and ghosts can be prevented. 
     16. Sixteenth Embodiment 
     In the above description, the example has been described in which flare and ghosts are reduced by a configuration that makes the lens  131  less likely to come unstuck from the glass substrate  12  or a configuration that prevents entry of stray light. However, flare and ghosts may be reduced by a configuration that prevents burrs of an adhesive generated at the time of processing. 
     That is, a consideration will be given to a case of a configuration in which, as illustrated in an upper part of  FIG. 29 , an IRCF  14  is formed on a solid-state imaging element  11 , and a glass substrate  12  is bonded onto the IRCF  14  by an adhesive  15  (e.g., the case of the configuration according to the seventh embodiment in  FIG. 15 ). Note that the configuration in  FIG. 29  corresponds to the configuration except for the lens in the integrated component  10  in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 15 . 
     In this case, the IRCF  14  needs to have a film thickness of a predetermined thickness, but it is generally difficult to increase viscosity of a material of the IRCF  14 , and a desired film thickness cannot be formed at a time. However, in a case where overcoating is performed, there has been a possibility that microvoids and bubbles are generated, and optical characteristics are deteriorated. 
     Furthermore, the glass substrate  12  is bonded by the adhesive  15  after the IRCF  14  has been formed on the solid-state imaging element  11 . However, warpage occurs due to curing shrinkage of the IRCF  14 , and thus poor joining between the glass substrate  12  and the IRCF  14  may occur. Moreover, there has been a possibility that the glass substrate  12  alone cannot force the warpage of the IRCF  14 , and the entire device warps, which results in deterioration of the optical characteristics. 
     Moreover, in particular, in a case where the glass substrate  12  and the IRCF  14  are joined via the adhesive  15 , a resin burr attributable to the adhesive  15  is generated at the time of singulation as indicated by a range  2411  in an upper part of  FIG. 29 , and there has been a possibility that a machining accuracy is reduced at the time of mounting such as pickup. 
     Thus, as illustrated in a middle part of  FIG. 29 , the IRCF  14  is divided into two so as to be IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  are bonded together with the adhesive  15 . 
     With such a configuration, at the time of formation of films of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , each of them can be formed as a thin film in a divided manner, and this facilitates formation of a thick film (divided formation) for obtaining desired spectral characteristics. 
     Furthermore, when the glass substrate  12  is joined to the solid-state imaging element  11 , irregularities (irregularities due to sensors such as a PAD) on the solid-state imaging element  11  can be flattened by the IRCF  14 - 2  before the joining. This allows the adhesive  15  to be thinner, and as a result, the imaging device  1  can be reduced in height. 
     Moreover, warpage is compensated by the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  formed on the glass substrate  12  and the solid-state imaging element  11 , respectively, and thus warpage of a device chip can be reduced. 
     Furthermore, glass has an elastic modulus higher than that of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 . In a case where the elastic modulus of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  is set to be higher than the elastic modulus of the adhesive  15 , the upper and lower sides of the adhesive  15  having a lower elastic modulus are covered with the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  having a higher elastic modulus than the adhesive  15  at the time of singulation. This allows for prevention of generation of resin burrs at the time of singulation (expanding) as indicated by a range  2412  in the upper part of  FIG. 29 . 
     Moreover, as illustrated in a lower part of  FIG. 29 , IRCFs  14 ′- 1  and  14 ′- 2  having a function as an adhesive may be formed and directly bonded together so as to face each other. In this way, it is possible to prevent generation of resin burrs of the adhesive  15  generated at the time of singulation. 
     &lt;Manufacturing Method&gt; 
     Next, a manufacturing method of joining the glass substrate  12  to the solid-state imaging element  11  with the adhesive  15  sandwiched between the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  illustrated in the middle part of  FIG. 29  will be described with reference to  FIG. 30 . 
     In a first step, as illustrated in an upper left part of  FIG. 30 , the IRCF  14 - 1  is applied to and formed on the glass substrate  12 . Furthermore, the IRCF  14 - 2  is applied to and formed on the solid-state imaging element  11 . Note that, in the upper left part of  FIG. 30 , the glass substrate  12  is drawn upside down after the IRCF  14 - 2  has been applied to and formed on the glass substrate  12 . 
     In a second step, the adhesive  15  is applied onto the IRCF  14 - 2 , as illustrated in an upper central part of  FIG. 30 . 
     In a third step, as illustrated in an upper right part of  FIG. 30 , the IRCF  14 - 1  on the glass substrate  12  is bonded onto the adhesive  15  illustrated in the upper central part of  FIG. 30  so as to face the surface to which the adhesive  15  has been applied. 
     In a fourth step, as illustrated in a lower left part of  FIG. 30 , an electrode is formed on the rear surface side of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     In a fifth step, as illustrated in a lower central part of  FIG. 30 , the glass substrate  12  is thinned by polishing. 
     Then, after the fifth step, edges are cut with a blade or the like for singulation, and thus the solid-state imaging element  11  is completed in which the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  are laminated on the imaging surface, and the glass substrate  12  is further formed thereon. 
     Through the above steps, the adhesive  15  is sandwiched between the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and this allows for prevention of generation of burrs accompanying the singulation. 
     Furthermore, the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  can be formed so that each has a half of a required film thickness, and the required thickness of overcoating can be reduced, or overcoating is unnecessary. This prevents generation of microvoids and bubbles, and deterioration of the optical characteristics can be reduced. 
     Moreover, since the film thickness of each of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  becomes thin, it is possible to reduce warpage due to curing shrinkage, it is possible to prevent occurrence of poor joining between the glass substrate  12  and the IRCF  14 , and it is possible to prevent deterioration of the optical characteristics attributable to warpage. 
     Note that, as illustrated in the lower part of  FIG. 29 , in a case where the IRCFs  14 ′- 1  and  14 ′- 2  having the function of an adhesive are used, only the step of applying the adhesive  15  is omitted, and thus the description thereof is omitted. 
     &lt;Modified Example of Shape of Side Surface after Singulation&gt; 
     When the solid-state imaging element  11  in which the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  are formed and the glass substrate  12  is further formed is singulated by the manufacturing method described above, it is assumed that the edges are cut with a blade or the like so that a side cross section is perpendicular to the imaging surface. 
     However, the shapes of the side cross sections of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  and the glass substrate  12  formed on the solid-state imaging element  11  may be adjusted so that an influence of fallen debris attributable to the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15  may be further reduced. 
     For example, as illustrated in an upper left part of  FIG. 31 , the side cross sections may be formed such that the external shape in the horizontal direction of the solid-state imaging element  11  is the largest, the external shapes of the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15  are all equal and smaller than that of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Moreover, as illustrated in an upper right part of  FIG. 31 , the side cross sections may be formed such that the external shape in the horizontal direction of the solid-state imaging element  11  is the largest, the external shapes of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  and the adhesive  15  are equal and the second largest after that of the solid-state imaging element  11 , and the external shape of the glass substrate  12  is the smallest. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a lower left part of  FIG. 31 , the side cross sections may be formed such that the order of the sizes of the external shapes in the horizontal direction is, in descending order, the solid-state imaging element  11 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , the adhesive  15 , and the glass substrate  12 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a lower right part of  FIG. 31 , the side cross sections may be formed such that the external shape in the horizontal direction of the solid-state imaging element  11  is the largest, the external shape of the glass substrate  12  is the second largest, and the external shapes of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  and the adhesive  15  are equal and the smallest. 
     &lt;Singulation Method for Upper Left Part of  FIG. 31 &gt; 
     Next, a singulation method for the upper left part of  FIG. 31  will be described with reference to  FIG. 32 . 
     An upper part of  FIG. 32  illustrates a diagram illustrating a side cross section illustrated in the upper left part of  FIG. 31 . That is, the upper part of  FIG. 32  illustrates the side cross sections in which the external shape in the horizontal direction of the solid-state imaging element  11  is the largest, the external shapes of the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15  are all equal and the second largest, and are smaller than that of the solid-state imaging element  11   
     Here, a method of forming the side cross sections illustrated in the upper left part of  FIG. 31  will be described with reference to a middle part of  FIG. 32 . Note that the middle part of  FIG. 32  is an enlarged view of a boundary between neighboring solid-state imaging elements  11  cut by singulation as viewed from a side. 
     In a first step, at the boundary between the neighboring solid-state imaging elements  11 , a range Zb including the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15  is cut from a surface layer of the IRCF  14 - 1  to a depth Lc 1  with a blade having a predetermined width Wb (e.g., about 100 μm). 
     Here, in a central part of  FIG. 32 , the position corresponding to the depth Lc from the surface layer of the IRCF  14 - 1  is at a surface layer of the solid-state imaging element  11 , and is a position up to a wiring layer  11 M formed by Cu-to-Cu bonding or the like. However, it is only required that the position reaches the surface layer of the solid-state imaging element  11 . Thus, as for the depth Lc 1 , the cut may reach a surface layer of the semiconductor substrate  81  in  FIG. 6 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in the central part of  FIG. 32 , the boundary is cut with the blade in a state of being centered at a center position of the neighboring solid-state imaging elements  11  indicated by a long dashed short dashed line. Furthermore, in the drawing, a width WLA is a width in which a wiring layer formed at edges of the two neighboring solid-state imaging elements  11  is formed. Moreover, a width to the center of a scribe line of one chip of the solid-state imaging element  11  is a width Wc, and a width to the edge of the glass substrate  12  is a width Wg. 
     Moreover, the range Zb corresponds to the shape of the blade, in which an upper part is represented by the width Wb of the blade and a lower part is expressed by a hemispherical shape, in accordance with the shape of the blade. 
     In a second step, for example, from a Si substrate (semiconductor substrate  81  in  FIG. 6 ) of the solid-state imaging element  11 , a range Zh having a predetermined width Wd (e.g., about 35 μm) thinner than the blade with which the glass substrate  12  has been cut is cut out by dry etching, laser dicing, or a blade, and thus the solid-state imaging element  11  is singulated into individual pieces. However, in the case of laser dicing, the width Wd is substantially zero. Furthermore, the shape of cutting can be adjusted to a desired shape by dry etching, laser dicing, or a blade. 
     As a result, as illustrated in a lower part of  FIG. 32 , the side cross sections are formed such that the external shape in the horizontal direction of the solid-state imaging element  11  is the largest, the external shapes of the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15  are all equal and smaller than that of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Note that, in the lower part of  FIG. 32 , as indicated by a range  2431 , a part of the IRCF  14 - 2  in the horizontal direction in the vicinity of the boundary with the solid-state imaging element  11  is drawn to be wider than the IRCF  14 - 1  in width in the horizontal direction, and this is different from the shapes of the side cross sections of the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15  in the upper part of  FIG. 32 . 
     However, this is a result of drawing with emphasis on the shape of cutting with the blade, and the configuration in the lower part of  FIG. 32  and the configuration in the upper part of  FIG. 32  become substantially the same when the shape of cutting has been adjusted by dry etching, laser dicing, or a blade. 
     Furthermore, the processing of cutting the Si substrate (semiconductor substrate  81  in  FIG. 6 ) forming the solid-state imaging element  11  by the range Zh may be executed before the work of cutting the range Zb, and at this time, the work may be performed with the state illustrated in the middle part of  FIG. 32  turned upside down. 
     Moreover, since the wiring layer is likely to get cracked or have a film coming unstuck during blade dicing, the range Zh may be cut by ablation processing with a short pulse laser. 
     &lt;Singulation Method for Upper Right Part of  FIG. 31 &gt; 
     Next, a singulation method for the upper right part of  FIG. 31  will be described with reference to  FIG. 33 . 
     An upper part of  FIG. 33  illustrates a diagram illustrating a side cross section illustrated in the upper right part of  FIG. 31 . That is, the upper part of  FIG. 33  illustrates the side cross sections formed such that the external shape in the horizontal direction of the solid-state imaging element  11  is the largest, the external shapes of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  and the adhesive  15  are equal and the second largest after that of the solid-state imaging element  11 , and the external shape of the glass substrate  12  is the smallest. 
     Here, a method of forming the side cross sections illustrated in the upper right part of  FIG. 31  will be described with reference to a middle part of  FIG. 33 . Note that the middle part of  FIG. 33  is an enlarged view of a boundary between neighboring solid-state imaging elements  11  cut by singulation as viewed from a side. 
     In a first step, a range Zb 1  including the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15  is cut from a surface layer of the IRCF  14 - 1  to a depth Lc 11  with a blade having a predetermined width Wb 1  (e.g., about 100 μm). 
     In a second step, a range Zb 2  having a depth exceeding the wiring layer  11 M is cut with a blade having a predetermined width Wb 2  (&lt;width Wb 1 ). 
     In a third step, for example, from a Si substrate (semiconductor substrate  81  in  FIG. 6 ), a range Zh having a predetermined width Wd (e.g., about 35 μm) thinner than the width Wb 2  is cut out by dry etching, laser dicing, or a blade, and thus the solid-state imaging element  11  is singulated into individual pieces. However, in the case of laser dicing, the width Wd is substantially zero. Furthermore, the shape of cutting can be adjusted to a desired shape by dry etching, laser dicing, or a blade. 
     As a result, as illustrated in a lower part of  FIG. 33 , the side cross sections are formed such that the external shape in the horizontal direction of the solid-state imaging element  11  is the largest, the external shapes of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  and the adhesive  15  are equal and the second largest after that of the solid-state imaging element  11 , and the glass substrate  12  is the smallest. 
     Note that, in the lower part of  FIG. 33 , as indicated by a range Z 441 , a part of the IRCF  14 - 1  in the horizontal direction is drawn to have the same width in the horizontal direction as the glass substrate  12 . Furthermore, as indicated by a range Z 442 , a part of the IRCF  14 - 2  in the horizontal direction is drawn to be wider than the IRCF  14 - 1  in width in the horizontal direction. 
     Thus, the shapes of the side cross sections of the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15  in the lower part of  FIG. 33  are different from the shapes in the upper part of  FIG. 33 . 
     However, this is a result of drawing with emphasis on the shape of cutting with the blade, and the configuration in the lower part of  FIG. 32  and the configuration in the upper part of  FIG. 32  become substantially the same when the shape of cutting has been adjusted by dry etching, laser dicing, or a blade. 
     Furthermore, the processing of cutting the Si substrate (semiconductor substrate  81  in  FIG. 6 ) forming the solid-state imaging element  11  by the range Zh may be executed before the work of cutting the ranges Zb 1  and Zb 2 , and at this time, the work may be performed with the state illustrated in the middle part of  FIG. 33  turned upside down. 
     Moreover, since the wiring layer is likely to get cracked or have a film coming unstuck during blade dicing, the range Zh may be cut by ablation processing with a short pulse laser. 
     &lt;Singulation Method for Lower Left Part of  FIG. 31 &gt; 
     Next, a singulation method for the lower left part of  FIG. 31  will be described with reference to  FIG. 34 . 
     An upper part of  FIG. 34  illustrates a diagram illustrating a side cross section illustrated in the lower left part of  FIG. 31 . That is, the upper part of  FIG. 34  illustrates the side cross sections in which the order of the sizes of the external shapes in the horizontal direction is, in descending order, the solid-state imaging element  11 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , the adhesive  15 , and the glass substrate  12 . 
     Here, a method of forming the side cross sections illustrated in the upper right part of  FIG. 31  will be described with reference to a middle part of  FIG. 34 . Note that the middle part of  FIG. 34  is an enlarged view of a boundary between neighboring solid-state imaging elements  11  cut by singulation as viewed from a side. 
     In a first step, a range Zb including the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15  is cut from a surface layer of the IRCF  14 - 2  to a depth Lc 21  with a blade having a predetermined width Wb 1  (e.g., about 100 μm). 
     In a second step, laser ablation processing is performed only on a predetermined width Wb 2  (&lt;width Wb 1 ), and a range ZL up to a depth exceeding the wiring layer  11 M is cut. 
     In this step, the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  and the adhesive  15  thermally shrink due to absorption of the laser light in the vicinity of a processed surface, so that the adhesive  15  retracts with respect to cut surfaces of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  due to wavelength dependence, and forms a recessed shape. 
     In a third step, for example, from a Si substrate (semiconductor substrate  81  in  FIG. 6 ), a range Zh having a predetermined width Wd (e.g., about 35 μm) thinner than the width Wb 2  is cut out by dry etching, laser dicing, or a blade, and thus the solid-state imaging element  11  is singulated into individual pieces. However, in the case of laser dicing, the width Wd is substantially zero. Furthermore, the shape of cutting can be adjusted to a desired shape by dry etching, laser dicing, or a blade. 
     As a result, as illustrated in a lower part of  FIG. 34 , the side cross sections are formed such that the external shape in the horizontal direction of the solid-state imaging element  11  is the largest, the external shapes of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  are the largest after that, and then the external shape of the adhesive  15  is the largest after that, and the glass substrate  12  is the smallest. That is, as indicated by a range  2452  in the lower part of  FIG. 34 , the external shape of the adhesive  15  is smaller than the external shapes of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 . 
     Note that, in the lower part of  FIG. 34 , as indicated by a range  2453 , a part of the IRCF  14 - 2  in the horizontal direction is drawn to be wider than the IRCF  14 - 1  in width in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, as indicated by a range  2451 , a part of the IRCF  14 - 1  in the horizontal direction is drawn to have the same width in the horizontal direction as the glass substrate  12 . 
     Thus, the shapes of the side cross sections of the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15  in the lower part of  FIG. 34  are different from the shapes in the upper part of  FIG. 34 . 
     However, this is a result of drawing with emphasis on the shape of cutting with the blade, and the configuration in the lower part of  FIG. 32  and the configuration in the upper part of  FIG. 32  become substantially the same when the shape of cutting has been adjusted by dry etching, laser dicing, or a blade. 
     Furthermore, the processing of cutting the Si substrate (semiconductor substrate  81  in  FIG. 6 ) forming the solid-state imaging element  11  by the range Zh may be executed before the work of cutting the ranges Zb and ZL, and at this time, the work may be performed with the state illustrated in the middle part of  FIG. 34  turned upside down. 
     Moreover, since the wiring layer is likely to get cracked or have a film coming unstuck during blade dicing, the range Zh may be cut by ablation processing with a short pulse laser. 
     &lt;Singulation Method for Lower Right Part of  FIG. 31 &gt; 
     Next, a singulation method for the lower right part of  FIG. 31  will be described with reference to  FIG. 35 . 
     An upper part of  FIG. 35  illustrates a diagram illustrating a side cross section illustrated in the lower right part of  FIG. 31 . That is, the upper part of  FIG. 35  illustrates the side cross sections in which the external shape in the horizontal direction of the solid-state imaging element  11  is the largest, the external shape of the glass substrate  12  is the second largest, and the external shapes of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  and the adhesive  15  are equal and the smallest. 
     Here, a method of forming the side cross sections illustrated in the lower right part of  FIG. 31  will be described with reference to a middle part of  FIG. 35 . Note that the middle part of  FIG. 35  is an enlarged view of a boundary between neighboring solid-state imaging elements  11  cut by singulation as viewed from a side. 
     In a first step, the glass substrate  12  in a range Zs 1  having a width Ld of substantially zero is cut by so-called stealth (laser) dicing using a laser. 
     In a second step, laser ablation processing is performed only on a predetermined width Wab, and a range ZL having a depth exceeding the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  and the wiring layer  11 M in the solid-state imaging element  11  is cut. 
     In this step, ablation processing using a laser is adjusted so that the cut surfaces of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  and the adhesive  15  are the same. 
     In a third step, a range Zs 2  having a width of substantially zero is cut by so-called stealth (laser) dicing using a laser, and the solid-state imaging element  11  is singulated into individual pieces. At this time, organic matter generated by the ablation is discharged to the outside through a groove formed by the stealth dicing. 
     As a result, as indicated by ranges  2461  and  2462  in a lower part of  FIG. 35 , the side cross sections are formed such that the external shape in the horizontal direction of the solid-state imaging element  11  is the largest, the external shape of the glass substrate  12  is the second largest, and the external shapes of the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  and the adhesive  15  are equal and the smallest. 
     Furthermore, the order of performing the stealth dicing processing on the glass substrate  12  and the stealth dicing processing on the solid-state imaging element  11  may be changed, and at this time, the work may be performed with the state illustrated in the middle part of  FIG. 35  turned upside down. 
     &lt;Addition of Antireflection Film&gt; 
     In the above description, as illustrated in an upper left part of  FIG. 36 , the example has been described in which the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  are formed on the solid-state imaging element  11  by bonding with the adhesive  15 , and the glass substrate  12  is further formed on the IRCF  14 - 1  for the purpose of preventing generation of burrs and preventing reduction in optical characteristics. However, an additional film having an antireflection function may be further formed. 
     That is, for example, as illustrated in a middle left part of  FIG. 36 , an additional film  371  having an antireflection function may be formed on the glass substrate  12 . 
     Furthermore, for example, as illustrated in a lower left part of  FIG. 36 , additional films  371 - 1  to  371 - 4  having an antireflection function may be formed on the glass substrate  12 , at the boundary between the glass substrate  12  and the IRCF  14 - 1 , at the boundary between the IRCF  14 - 1  and the adhesive  15 , and at the boundary between the adhesive  15  and the IRCF  14 - 2 , respectively. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in each of an upper right part, a middle right part, and a lower right part of  FIG. 36 , any one of the additional films  371 - 2 ,  371 - 4 , or  371 - 3  having an antireflection function may be formed, or a combination thereof may be formed. 
     Note that the additional films  371  and  371 - 1  to  371 - 4  may be formed with the use of, for example, a film having a function equivalent to that of the AR coat  271   a  or the antireflection treated portion (moth-eye)  291   a  described above. 
     The additional films  371  and  371 - 1  to  371 - 4  prevent incidence of unnecessary light, and prevent occurrence of ghosts and flare. 
     &lt;Addition to Side Surface Portion&gt; 
     In the above description, the example has been described in which the additional films  371 - 1  to  371 - 4  having an antireflection function are formed on at least one of the glass substrate  12 , the boundary between the glass substrate  12  and the IRCF  14 - 1 , the boundary between the IRCF  14 - 1  and the adhesive  15 , or the boundary between the adhesive  15  and the IRCF  14 - 2 . However, an additional film functioning as an antireflection film or a light absorption film may be formed on a side surface portion. 
     That is, as illustrated in a left part of  FIG. 37 , an additional film  381  functioning as an antireflection film, a light absorption film, or the like may be formed on the entire side cross section of the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , the adhesive  15 , and the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a right part of  FIG. 37 , the additional film  381  functioning as an antireflection film, a light absorption film, or the like may be formed only on the side surfaces of the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15 , excluding the side surface of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     In either case, the additional film  381  is provided on the side surface portions of the solid-state imaging element  11 , the glass substrate  12 , the IRCFs  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , and the adhesive  15 , and this prevents unnecessary light from entering the solid-state imaging element  11 , and prevents occurrence of ghosts and flare. 
     17. Seventeenth Embodiment 
     In the above description, the example has been described in which each of the relationships in size in the horizontal direction among the solid-state imaging element  11 , the IRCF  14 - 1 , the adhesive  15 , the IRCF  14 - 2 , and the glass substrate  12  that are laminated is adjusted so that fallen debris is prevented and occurrence of flare and ghosts is prevented. However, a lens that is small and lightweight, and allows for high-resolution imaging may be achieved by defining the shape of the lens. 
     For example, a consideration will be given to a case where a glass substrate  12  is formed on a solid-state imaging element  11  and a lens corresponding to a lens  271  on which an AR coat  271   a  is formed is joined (e.g., the integrated component  10  in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 19 ). Note that the configuration of the imaging device  1  may be other than that in  FIG. 19 . For example, the same applies to a case where the lens  131  in the integrated component  10  in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  is replaced with the lens  271 . 
     That is, as illustrated in  FIG. 38 , it is assumed that a concave lens  401  (corresponding to the lens  271  in  FIG. 19 ) that is concentrically aspheric and centered on the position of the center of gravity as viewed from the upper surface is formed on the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 . Furthermore, on the lens  401 , an AR coat  402  (film having a function equivalent to that of the AR coat  271   a  or the antireflection treated portion  291   a  described above) is formed on a surface on which light is incident, and a protruding portion  401   a  is formed at an outer circumferential part. Note that  FIGS. 38 and 39  illustrate a configuration in which the solid-state imaging element  11 , the glass substrate  12 , and the lens  271  in the integrated component  10  in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 19  are extracted. 
     Here, as illustrated in  FIG. 39 , the lens  401  has a bowl-like shape that forms a concave shape that is aspheric and centered on the position of the center of gravity as viewed from the upper surface. Note that, in  FIG. 39 , an upper right part of the drawing illustrates a cross-sectional shape of the lens  401  in the direction indicated by a dotted line in an upper left part of the drawing, and a lower right part of the drawing illustrates a cross-sectional shape of the lens  401  in the direction indicated by a solid line in the upper left part of the drawing. 
     In  FIG. 39 , a range Ze of the lens  401  has an aspheric curved surface structure that is common in the upper right part and the lower right part of  FIG. 39 . Such a shape constitutes an effective region where incident light from the upper side in the drawing is condensed on an imaging surface of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Furthermore, the lens  401  is constituted by an aspheric curved surface, and the thickness changes in accordance with the distance from the center position in a direction perpendicular to the incident direction of light. More specifically, the lens thickness at the center position is a minimum thickness D, and the lens thickness at a position farthest from the center in the range Ze is a maximal thickness H. Furthermore, in a case where the thickness of the glass substrate  12  is a thickness Th, the maximal thickness H of the lens  401  is thicker than the thickness Th of the glass substrate  12 , and the minimum thickness D of the lens  401  is thinner than the thickness Th of the glass substrate  12 . 
     That is, to summarize the relationship, using the lens  401  and the glass substrate  12  having the thicknesses D, H, and Th that satisfy the relationship expressed by thickness H&gt;thickness Th&gt;thickness D makes it possible to achieve the imaging device  1  (the integrated component  10  thereof) that is small and lightweight, and allows for imaging with high resolution. 
     Furthermore, by making a volume VG of the glass substrate  12  smaller than a volume VL of the lens  401 , it is possible to form the volume of the lens most efficiently, and thus, it is possible to achieve the imaging device  1  that is small and lightweight, and allows for imaging with high resolution. 
     &lt;Distribution of Stress Generated During Heating of AR Coat&gt; 
     Furthermore, with the above configuration, it is possible to prevent stress due to expansion or contraction of the AR coat  402  during mount reflow thermal loading or during a reliability test. 
       FIG. 40  illustrates distribution of stress due to expansion or contraction of the AR coat  402  during mount reflow thermal loading in a case where the external shape of the lens  401  in  FIG. 39  has been changed. Note that the stress distribution in  FIG. 40  illustrates, with respect to the center position of the lens  401  indicated by a range Zp illustrated in  FIG. 38 , distribution in the range of ½ in the horizontal direction and ½ in the perpendicular direction, that is, distribution in the range of ¼ of the whole. 
     A leftmost part of  FIG. 40  illustrates distribution of stress generated in an AR coat  402 A during mount reflow thermal loading in a lens  401 A in which the protruding portion  401   a  is not provided. 
     A second drawing from the left in  FIG. 40  illustrates distribution of stress generated in an AR coat  402 B during mount reflow thermal loading in a lens  401 B provided with the protruding portion  401   a  illustrated in  FIG. 39 . 
     A third drawing from the left in  FIG. 40  illustrates distribution of stress generated in an AR coat  402 C during mount reflow thermal loading in a lens  401 C in which the height of the protruding portion  401   a  illustrated in  FIG. 39  has been increased than the height in the case of  FIG. 39 . 
     A fourth drawing from the left in  FIG. 40  illustrates distribution of stress generated in an AR coat  402 D during mount reflow thermal loading in a lens  401 D in which the width of the protruding portion  401   a  illustrated in  FIG. 39  has been enlarged as compared with the case of  FIG. 39 . 
     A fifth drawing from the left in  FIG. 40  illustrates distribution of stress generated in an AR coat  402 E during mount reflow thermal loading in a lens  401 E in which a taper provided on a side surface of an outer circumferential part of the protruding portion  401   a  illustrated in  FIG. 39  has been enlarged as compared with the case of  FIG. 39 . 
     A rightmost part of  FIG. 40  illustrates distribution of stress generated in an AR coat  402 F during mount reflow thermal loading in a lens  401 F in which the protruding portion  401   a  illustrated in  FIG. 39  is provided only on the four sides constituting the outer circumferential part. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 40 , in the distribution of stress generated in the AR coat  402 A of the lens  401 A without the protruding portion  401   a  illustrated in the leftmost part, a large stress distribution appears on the outer circumferential side of the effective region. However, in the cases of the AR coats  402 B to  402 F of the lenses  401 B to  401 F in which the protruding portion  401   a  has been formed, a large stress distribution as seen in the AR coat  402 A does not exist. 
     That is, by providing the protruding portion  401   a  in the lens  401 , it is possible to prevent generation of a crack in the AR coat  402  due to expansion or contraction of the lens  401  during mount reflow thermal loading. 
     &lt;Modified Example of Shape of Lens&gt; 
     In the above description, the example has been described in which the imaging device  1  that is small and lightweight, and allows for imaging with high resolution is constituted by the concave lens  401  having the protruding portion  401   a  provided with a taper at the outer circumferential part as illustrated in  FIG. 39 . However, as long as the thicknesses D, H, and Th of the lens  401  and the glass substrate  12  satisfy the relationship expressed by thickness H&gt;thickness Th&gt;thickness D, the shape of the lens  401  may be another shape. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the volumes VG and VL satisfy a relationship expressed by volume VG&lt;volume VL. 
     For example, as indicated by a lens  401 G in  FIG. 41 , a side surface on the outer circumferential side of the protruding portion  401   a  may form a right angle with the glass substrate  12 , and may not include a taper. 
     Furthermore, as indicated by a lens  401 H in  FIG. 41 , the side surface on the outer circumferential side of the protruding portion  401   a  may include a round taper. 
     Moreover, as indicated by a lens  401 I in  FIG. 41 , the protruding portion  401   a  itself may not be included, and the side surface may include a linear tapered shape that forms a predetermined angle with the glass substrate  12 . 
     Furthermore, as indicated by a lens  401 J in  FIG. 41 , the protruding portion  401   a  itself may not be included, and the side surface may form a right angle with the glass substrate  12 , and may not include a tapered shape. 
     Moreover, as indicated by a lens  401 K in  FIG. 41 , the protruding portion  401   a  itself may not be included, and the side surface may include a round tapered shape with respect to the glass substrate  12 . 
     Furthermore, as indicated by a lens  401 L in  FIG. 41 , the protruding portion  401   a  itself may not be included, and the side surface of the lens may have a two-stage configuration having two inflection points. Note that a detailed configuration of the lens  401 L will be described later with reference to  FIG. 42 . Furthermore, since the side surface of the lens  401 L has a two-stage configuration having two inflection points, the lens  401 L is hereinafter also referred to as a two-stage side surface type lens. 
     Moreover, as indicated by a lens  401 M in  FIG. 41 , the side surface may include the protruding portion  401   a , and may have a two-stage configuration having two inflection points on an external side surface. 
     Furthermore, as indicated by a lens  401 N in  FIG. 41 , the protruding portion  401   a  may be included, and the side surface may form a right angle with the glass substrate  12 , and moreover, a rectangular hem  401   b  may be added in the vicinity of the boundary with the glass substrate  12 . 
     Moreover, as indicated by a lens  401 N in  FIG. 41 , the protruding portion  401   a  may be included, and the side surface may form a right angle with the glass substrate  12 , and moreover, a round hem  401   b ′ may be added in the vicinity of the boundary with the glass substrate  12 . 
     &lt;Detailed Configuration of Two-Stage Side Surface Type Lens&gt; 
     Here, a detailed configuration of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 L in  FIG. 41  will be described with reference to  FIG. 42 . 
       FIG. 42  illustrates an external perspective view when viewed from a variety of directions in a case where the glass substrate  12  is formed on the solid-state imaging element  11  and the two-stage side surface type lens  401 L is provided thereon. Here, in an upper central part of  FIG. 42 , sides LA, LB, LC, and LD are set clockwise from the side on the right side in the drawing of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Then, a right part of  FIG. 42  illustrates a perspective view around a corner portion between the sides LA and LB of the solid-state imaging element  11  when the solid-state imaging element  11  and the lens  401 L are viewed from the direction of a line-of-sight E 1  in the upper central part of  FIG. 42 . Furthermore, a lower central part of  FIG. 42  illustrates a perspective view around the corner portion between the sides LA and LB of the solid-state imaging element  11  when the solid-state imaging element  11  and the lens  401 L are viewed from the direction of a line-of-sight E 2  in the upper central part of  FIG. 42 . Moreover, a left part of  FIG. 42  illustrates a perspective view around a corner portion between the sides LB and LC of the solid-state imaging element  11  when the solid-state imaging element  11  and the lens  401 L are viewed from the direction of a line-of-sight E 3  in a central part of  FIG. 42 . 
     That is, in the two-stage side surface type lens  401 L, a central part of the side LB (or LD (not illustrated)) serving as a long side is located at a position close to the position of the center of gravity in a circular shape functioning as a lens having the minimum lens thickness as viewed from the upper surface of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 L serving as a concave lens, and thus, the lens is thin and a ridge line is shaped with a gentle curve as surrounded by a dotted line. 
     On the other hand, since central parts of the sides LA and LC serving as short sides are located far from the position of the center of gravity, the lens is thick, and the ridge line has a linear shape. 
     &lt;Two Inflection Points and Two-Stage Side Surfaces&gt; 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 43 , the two-stage side surface type lens  401 L has a cross-sectional shape in which side surfaces of an ineffective region provided outside an effective region Ze have a two-stage configuration, average planes X 1  and X 2 , each on one side surface, are formed in a staggered manner, and inflection points P 1  and P 2  in the cross-sectional shape are formed at positions of irregularities generated due to the two-stage side surfaces. 
     The inflection points P 1  and P 2  change in the order of a recess and a protrusion in order from the position closer to the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     Furthermore, the heights of the inflection points P 1  and P 2  from the glass substrate  12  are both provided at positions higher than the minimum thickness Th of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 L. 
     Moreover, a difference between the average planes X 1  and X 2  (distance between the average planes X 1  and X 2 ), each on one of the two-stage side surfaces, is desirably larger than the thickness of the solid-state imaging element  11  (thickness of the silicon substrate  81  of the solid-state imaging element  11  in  FIG. 6 ). 
     Furthermore, a difference in distance between the average planes X 1  and X 2 , each on one of the two-stage side surfaces, is desirably 1% or more with respect to a region width (e.g., the width He in the horizontal direction or the height Ve in the perpendicular direction in  FIG. 23 ) perpendicular to the incident direction of incident light in the effective region of the lens  401 L. 
     Thus, as long as two-stage side surfaces and two inflection points that satisfy the conditions described above are formed, a shape other than the shape of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 L may be adopted. For example, as illustrated in a second drawing from the top in  FIG. 43 , a two-stage side surface type lens  401 P may be adopted in which two-stage side surfaces including average planes X 11  and X 12  are provided, and inflection points P 11  and P 12  having curvatures different from those of the inflection points P 1  and P 2  are formed at positions higher than a thinnest thickness Th of the lens from the glass substrate  12 . 
     Furthermore, for example, as illustrated in a third drawing from the top in  FIG. 43 , a two-stage side surface type lens  401 Q may be adopted in which two-stage side surfaces including average planes X 21  and X 22  are provided, and inflection points P 21  and P 22  having curvatures different from those of the inflection points P 1  and P 2  and the inflection points P 11  and P 22  are formed at positions higher than the thinnest thickness Th of the lens from the glass substrate  12 . 
     Moreover, for example, as illustrated in a fourth drawing from the top in  FIG. 43 , a two-stage side surface type lens  401 R may be adopted in which two-stage side surfaces including average planes X 31  and X 32  are provided, inflection points P 31  and P 32  are formed at positions higher than the thinnest thickness Th of the lens from the glass substrate  12 , and an edge at a position where the lens  401  is the thickest is formed in a round shape. 
     &lt;Distribution of Stress that Occurs During Heating of AR Coat in Lens Provided with Two Inflection Points and Side Surfaces Having Two-Stage Configuration&gt; 
     As described above, in the case of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 L provided with two inflection points and side surfaces having a two-stage configuration, it is possible to prevent stress applied to the AR coat  402  due to expansion or contraction of the lens  401 L during mount reflow thermal loading or during a reliability test. 
       FIG. 44  illustrates distribution of stress due to expansion or contraction of the AR coat  402  during mount reflow thermal loading in a case where the external shape of the lens  401  in  FIG. 39  has been changed. In  FIG. 44 , an upper part illustrates distribution of stress on the AR coat  402  on a further side when the lens  401  is viewed from a diagonal direction, and a lower part illustrates distribution of stress on the AR coat  402  on a nearer side when the lens  401  is viewed from the diagonal direction. 
     A leftmost part of  FIG. 44  illustrates distribution of stress generated in an AR coat  402 S during mount reflow thermal loading in a lens  401 S (corresponding to the lens  401 A), which is not provided with the protruding portion  401   a  nor is a two-stage side surface type lens. 
     A second drawing from the left in  FIG. 44  illustrates distribution of stress generated in an AR coat  402 T during mount reflow thermal loading in a lens  401 T corresponding to the two-stage side surface type lens  401 L illustrated in  FIG. 43 . 
     A third drawing from the left in  FIG. 44  illustrates distribution of stress generated in an AR coat  402 U during mount reflow thermal loading in a lens  401 U in which the protruding portion  401   a  is not provided but a tapered shape is provided, and each corner portion between sides of the lens has been molded in a round shape. 
     A fourth drawing from the left in  FIG. 44  illustrates distribution of stress generated in an AR coat  402 V during mount reflow thermal loading in a lens  401 V in which neither the protruding portion  401   a  nor the tapered shape is provided, the side surfaces are perpendicular to the glass substrate  12 , and each corner portion between sides of the lens is molded in a round shape. 
     Furthermore,  FIG. 45  illustrates a graph indicating, in order from the left, an overall maximum value (worst) in the distribution of stress generated in the AR coat in each lens shape in  FIG. 44 , a maximum value (effective) in the effective region of the lens, and a maximum value (ridge line) in the ridge line. Furthermore, the graph indicating each maximum value in  FIG. 45  shows the maximum value in the stress distribution of the AR coats  402 S to  402 V in order from the left. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 45 , the overall maximum stress of each lens is: 1390 MPa at a corner portion Ws ( FIG. 44 ) of the upper surface in the case of the AR coat  402 S of the lens  401 S; 1130 MPa at a corner portion Wt ( FIG. 44 ) of the ridge line in the case of the AR coat  402 T of the lens  401 T; 800 MPa at Wu on the ridge line ( FIG. 44 ) in the case of the AR coat  402 U of the lens  401 U; and 1230 MPa at Wv on the ridge line ( FIG. 44 ) in the case of the AR coat  402 V of the lens  401 V. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 45 , the maximum stress in the effective region of each lens is 646 MPa in the case of the AR coat  402 S of the lens  401 S, 588 MPa in the case of the AR coat  402 T of the lens  401 T, 690 MPa in the case of the AR coat  402 U of the lens  401 U, and 656 MPa in the case of the AR coat  402 V of the lens  401 V. 
     Moreover, the maximum stress on the ridge line of each lens is 1050 MPa in the case of the AR coat  402 S of the lens  401 S, 950 MPa in the case of the AR coat  402 T of the lens  401 T, 800 MPa in the case of the AR coat  402 U of the lens  401 U, and 1230 MPa in the case of the AR coat  402 U of the lens  401 V. 
     As can be seen from  FIG. 45 , every maximum stress is the smallest in the AR coat  402 S of the lens  401 S. However, as can be seen from  FIG. 44 , in the entire stress distribution in the effective region of the AR coat  402 T of the lens  401 T, there is no stress distribution around 600 MPa that is frequently present in the range close to the outer circumferential part of the AR coat  402 U of the lens  401 U, and as a whole, in the external shape constituted by the AR coat  402 T of the lens  401 T (the same as the lens  401 L), the stress distribution generated in the AR coat  402 T of the AR coat  402 T (the same as an AR coat  402 L) becomes small. 
     That is, as can be seen from  FIGS. 44 and 45 , in the lens  401 T ( 401 L) provided with two inflection points and side surfaces having a two-stage configuration during mount reflow thermal loading, expansion or contraction generated in the AR coat  402 T ( 402 L) is prevented, and generated stress attributable to expansion or contraction is reduced. 
     As described above, by adopting the two-stage side surface type lens  401 L provided with two inflection points and side surfaces having a two-stage configuration as the lens  401 , it is possible to prevent expansion or contraction due to heat during mount reflow thermal loading, a reliability test, or the like. 
     As a result, stress generated in the AR coat  402 L can be reduced, and it is possible to prevent generation of a crack, the lens from coming unstuck, and the like. Furthermore, since expansion or contraction of the lens itself can be prevented, occurrence of distortion can be reduced, and it is possible to prevent image quality degradation due to an increase in birefringence attributable to distortion, and occurrence of flare due to an increase in interface reflection that occurs due to a local change in refractive index 
     18. Eighteenth Embodiment 
     In the above description, the example has been described in which a lens that is small and lightweight, and allows for high-resolution imaging is achieved by defining the shape of the lens. However, a lens that is smaller and more lightweight, and allows for capturing a high-resolution image may be achieved by improving the accuracy in forming the lens on a solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     As illustrated in an upper part of  FIG. 46 , in a state where a substrate  451  and a molding die  452  are pressed against a glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 , a space between the molding die  452  and the glass substrate  12  is filled with an ultraviolet light curing resin  461  to be a material of a lens  401 , and exposure is performed with ultraviolet light from the upper part of the drawing for a predetermined time. 
     Both the substrate  451  and the molding die  452  are constituted by materials that allow ultraviolet light to pass through. 
     The molding die  452  has an aspheric convex structure corresponding to the shape of the concave lens  401 , a light shielding film  453  is formed in an outer circumferential part, and a taper can be formed on a side surface of the lens  401  having an angle θ as illustrated in  FIG. 46 , for example, depending on the angle of incident of ultraviolet light. 
     The ultraviolet light curing resin  461  to be a material of the lens  401  is exposed to ultraviolet light for a predetermined time to be cured, and is formed as an aspheric concave lens as illustrated in a lower part of  FIG. 46  and attached to the glass substrate  12 . 
     After a predetermined time has elapsed in a state of being irradiated with ultraviolet light, the ultraviolet light curing resin  461  is cured to form the lens  401 . After the lens  401  has been formed, the molding die  452  is removed from the formed lens  401  (mold release). 
     At a boundary between an outer circumferential part of the lens  401  and the glass substrate  12 , a part of the ultraviolet light curing resin  461  overflows from the molding die  452  to form an overflowing portion  461   a . However, since the overflowing portion  461   a  is shielded from ultraviolet light by the light shielding film  453 , as indicated by a range Zc in an enlarged view Zf, the overflowing portion  461   a , which is a part of the ultraviolet light curing resin  461 , remains without being cured, and remains as a hem  401   d  by being cured by ultraviolet light contained in natural light after mold release. 
     With this arrangement, the lens  401  is formed as a concave lens by the molding die  452 , and a tapered shape is formed on the side surface at the angle θ defined by the light shielding film  453 . Furthermore, since the hem  401   d  is formed in the outer circumferential part of the lens  401  at the boundary with the glass substrate  12 , the lens  401  can be more firmly bonded to the glass substrate  12 . 
     As a result, it is possible to form, with high accuracy, a lens that is small and lightweight, and allows for capturing a high-resolution image. 
     Note that, in the above description, the example has been described in which, as illustrated in an upper left part of  FIG. 47 , the light shielding film  453  is provided on the outer circumferential part of the lens  401  on the rear surface side (lower side in the drawing) with respect to an incident direction of ultraviolet light on the substrate  451 . However, as illustrated in an upper right part of  FIG. 47 , the light shielding film  453  may be provided on the outer circumferential part of the lens  401  on the front surface side (upper side in the drawing) with respect to the incident direction of ultraviolet light on the substrate  451 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a second drawing from the top on the left in  FIG. 47 , a molding die  452 ′ larger in the horizontal direction than the molding die  452  may be formed in place of the substrate  451 , and the light shielding film  453  may be provided on the outer circumferential part of the lens  401  on the rear surface side (lower side in the drawing) with respect to the incident direction of ultraviolet light. 
     Moreover, as illustrated in a second drawing from the top on the right in  FIG. 47 , the light shielding film  453  may be provided on the outer circumferential part of the lens  401  on the front surface side (upper side in the drawing) with respect to the incident direction of ultraviolet light on the substrate  451  of the molding die  452 ′. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a third drawing from the top on the left in  FIG. 47 , a molding die  452 ″ in which the substrate  451  and the molding die  452  are integrated may be formed, and the light shielding film  453  may be provided on the outer circumferential part of the lens  401  on the rear surface side (lower side in the drawing) with respect to the incident direction of ultraviolet light. 
     Moreover, as illustrated in a third drawing from the top on the right in  FIG. 47 , the molding die  452 ″ in which the substrate  451  and the molding die  452  are integrated may be formed, and the light shielding film  453  may be provided on the outer circumferential part of the lens  401  on the front surface side (upper side in the drawing) with respect to the incident direction of ultraviolet light. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a lower left part of  FIG. 47 , a molding die  452 ′″ provided with a configuration that defines a part of a side surface portion may be formed in addition to the substrate  451  and the molding die  452 , and the light shielding film  453  may be formed on an outer circumferential part of the molding die  452 ′″ on the rear surface side with respect to the incident direction of ultraviolet light. 
     Note that the configurations in  FIGS. 46 and 47  are configurations in which the IRCF  14  and the adhesive  15  have been omitted from the integrated component  10  of the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . However, the IRCF  14  and the adhesive  15  have been omitted only for convenience of description, and, as a matter of course, may be provided between the lens  401  ( 131 ) and the glass substrate  12 . Furthermore, in the following description, a configuration in which the IRCF  14  and the adhesive  15  are omitted from the configuration in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  will be described as an example, but in any case, a configuration may be adopted in which, for example, the IRCF  14  and the adhesive  15  are provided between the lens  401  ( 131 ) and the glass substrate  12 . 
     &lt;Method of Forming Two-Stage Side Surface Type Lens&gt; 
     Next, a method of manufacturing a two-stage side surface type lens will be described. 
     The basic manufacturing method is similar to the method of manufacturing a lens that is not the two-stage side surface type described above. 
     That is, as illustrated in a left part of  FIG. 48 , the molding die  452  corresponding to the shape of a side surface of a two-stage side surface type lens  401 L is prepared for the substrate  451 , and the ultraviolet light curing resin  461  is placed on the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11 . Note that  FIG. 48  illustrates the configuration of only a right half of the side cross section of the molding die  452 . 
     Next, as illustrated in a central part of  FIG. 48 , the placed ultraviolet light curing resin  461  is pressed against and fixed to the glass substrate  12  by the molding die  452 , so that a recess of the molding die  452  is filled with the ultraviolet light curing resin  461 , which is irradiated with ultraviolet light from the upper side in the drawing for a predetermined time. 
     The ultraviolet light curing resin  461  is cured by being exposed to ultraviolet light, and the concave two-stage side surface type lens  401  corresponding to the molding die  452  is formed. 
     After the lens  401  has been formed by being exposed to ultraviolet light for a predetermined time, as illustrated in a right part of  FIG. 48 , the molding die  452  is released, and the lens  401  including the two-stage side surface type lens is completed. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a left part of  FIG. 49 , in a part of a portion abutting on the glass substrate  12  in an outer circumferential part of the molding die  452 , for example, a portion below a height of an inflection point, out of the two inflection points in a cross-sectional shape of a side surface, at a position closer to the glass substrate  12  may be cut, and the light shielding film  453  may be provided on the cut surface. 
     In this case, as illustrated in a second drawing from the left in  FIG. 49 , in a state where the recess of the molding die  452  is filled with the ultraviolet light curing resin  461 , ultraviolet light is emitted from the upper side in the drawing for a predetermined time. A lower part of the light shielding film  453  is shielded from the ultraviolet light and remains uncured, and the lens  401  is in an uncompleted state. However, the ultraviolet light curing resin  461  at the periphery of the effective region in the drawing exposed to ultraviolet light is cured and formed as the lens  401 . 
     When the molding die  452  is released in this state, as illustrated in a third drawing from the left in  FIG. 49 , a side surface of a portion close to the glass substrate  12  among the side surfaces of the outermost two-stage configuration of the lens  401  formed as a two-stage side surface type lens is left as the overflowing portion  461   a  of the uncured ultraviolet light curing resin  461 . 
     Thus, as illustrated in a right part of  FIG. 49 , the side surface of the uncured ultraviolet light curing resin  461  that remains in the state of the overflowing portion  461   a  is cured by separately irradiating the side surface with ultraviolet light while controlling the angle of the side surface and a surface roughness. 
     In this way, as illustrated in an upper part of  FIG. 50 , the angles formed by average planes X 1  and X 2  of the side surfaces of the lens  401  can be set to different angles such as angles θ 1  and  02 , respectively, with respect to the incident direction of incident light, for example. 
     Here, when the angles of the side surfaces X 1  and X 2  are the angles θ 1  and θ 2 , respectively, and the angle θ 1 &lt;the angle θ 2  is satisfied, it is possible to prevent occurrence of side surface flare and to prevent the completed lens  401  from coming unstuck from the glass substrate  12  when the molding die  452  is released. 
     Furthermore, a configuration may be adopted in which surface roughness ρ(X 1 ) and surface roughness ρ(X 2 ) of the side surfaces X 1  and X 2 , respectively, are different from each other. 
     Here, by setting the surface roughness ρ(X 1 ) and the surface roughness ρ(X 2 ) of the side surfaces X 1  and X 2 , respectively, so that the surface roughness ρ(X 1 )&lt;the surface roughness ρ(X 2 ) is satisfied, it is possible to prevent occurrence of side surface flare and to prevent the completed lens  401  from coming unstuck from the glass substrate  12  when the molding die  452  is released. 
     Furthermore, by adjusting the shape of the overflowing portion  461   a  of the ultraviolet light curing resin  461 , it is also possible to form the hem  401   d  as illustrated in a lower part of  FIG. 50 . With this arrangement, the lens  401  can be more firmly fixed to the glass substrate  12 . 
     Note that the angles θ 1  and  02 , the surface roughness ρ(X 1 ) and the surface roughness ρ(X 2 ), and the formation of the hem  401   d  can be set by the shape of the molding die  452  even in the case of not using the light shielding film  453  described with reference to  FIG. 48 . However, in the case of using the molding die  452  provided with the light shielding film  453  as referenced to  FIG. 49 , since the overflowing portion  461   a  of the ultraviolet light curing resin  461  left as an uncured portion after a first irradiation with ultraviolet light can be adjusted later, the degree of freedom in setting the angles θ 1  and  02 , the surface roughness ρ(X 1 ) and the surface roughness ρ(X 2 ), and the hem  401   d  can be increased. 
     In either case, the lens  401  can be formed on the glass substrate  12  of the solid-state imaging element  11  with high accuracy. Furthermore, since the angle of the side surfaces X 1  and X 2 , the surface roughness ρ(X 1 ) and the surface roughness ρ(X 2 ), and the presence or absence of the hem  401   d  in the two-stage side surface type lens  401  can be adjusted, occurrence of flare and ghosts can be prevented, and the lens  401  can be more firmly formed on the glass substrate  12 . 
     19. Nineteenth Embodiment 
     In the above description, the example has been described in which the lens  401  is formed on the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11  with high accuracy by the molding method. However, the lens  401  may be formed on the glass substrate  12  with higher accuracy by forming an alignment mark on the glass substrate  12  and performing positioning on the basis of the alignment mark so that the lens  401  is formed at an appropriate position on the glass substrate  12 . 
     That is, as illustrated in  FIG. 51 , an effective region Ze (corresponding to the effective region  131   a  in  FIG. 23 ) of a lens  401  is provided from the center, an ineffective region Zn (corresponding to the ineffective region  131   b  in  FIG. 23 ) is provided in an outer circumferential part thereof, a region Zg where a glass substrate  12  is exposed is further provided in an outer circumferential part thereof, and a region Zsc where a scribe line is set is provided in an outermost circumferential portion of a solid-state imaging element  11 . In  FIG. 51 , a protruding portion  401   a  is provided in the ineffective region Zn (corresponding to the ineffective region  131   b  in  FIG. 23 ). 
     The width of each region has a relationship expressed by width of the effective region Ze&gt;width of the ineffective region Zn&gt;width of the region Zg where the glass substrate  12  is exposed&gt;width of the region Zsc where the scribe line is set. 
     An alignment mark  501  is formed in the region Zg on the glass substrate  12  where the glass substrate  12  is exposed. Thus, the size of the alignment mark  501  is smaller than the region Zg, but needs to be a size that can be recognized by an image for alignment. 
     Alignment may be performed by forming the alignment mark  501  on the glass substrate  12  at, for example, a position where a corner portion of the lens  401  is supposed to abut, and adjusting the corner portion of the lens in a molding die  452  to be at a position where the alignment mark  501  is provided on the basis of an image captured by an alignment camera. 
     &lt;Example of Alignment Mark&gt; 
     Examples of the alignment mark  501  include alignment marks  501 A to  501 K as illustrated in  FIG. 52 . 
     That is, the alignment marks  501 A to  501 C have a rectangular shape, the alignment marks  501 D and  501 E have a circular shape, the alignment marks  501 F to  5011  have a polygonal shape, and the alignment marks  501 J and  501 K include a plurality of linear shapes. 
     &lt;Example of Providing Alignment Mark on Glass Substrate and Molding Die&gt; 
     Furthermore, a black portion and a gray portion in each of the alignment marks  501 A to  501 K may be formed at corresponding positions in an outer circumferential portion of the lens  401  on the molding die  452  and in the region Zg on the glass substrate  12 , respectively. To align the positional relationship between the lens  401  and the glass substrate  12 , whether the black portion and the gray portion are in a positional relationship in which they correspond to each other may be checked on the basis of an image captured by the alignment camera, for example. 
     That is, in a case of the alignment mark  501 A, as illustrated in  FIG. 52 , for the purpose of allowing the lens  401  and the molding die  452  to be in an appropriate positional relationship, a gray portion alignment mark  501 ′ constituted by a rectangular frame is provided on the molding die  452 , and the alignment mark  501  constituted by a rectangular part as a black portion is formed. 
     Then, for alignment adjustment, the alignment mark  501  on the glass substrate  12  and the alignment mark  501 ′ on the molding die  452  may be imaged with the alignment camera in the direction of an arrow in  FIG. 53 , and the position of the molding die  452  may be adjusted so that the black rectangular alignment mark  501  is imaged so as to be included in and overlap with the alignment mark  501 ′ constituted by a gray rectangular frame. 
     In this case, it is desirable that the black portion alignment mark  501  and the gray portion alignment mark  501 ′ are arranged in the same field of view of the same camera. Alternatively, positional relationships between a plurality of cameras may be calibrated in advance, and alignment may be performed by the plurality of cameras on the basis of correspondence of positional relationship between the alignment marks  501  and  501 ′ provided at corresponding different positions. 
     In either case, the lens  401  can be positioned and formed with high accuracy on the glass substrate  12  of the solid-state imaging element  11  by the alignment mark  501 . 
     20. Twentieth Embodiment 
     In the above description, the example has been described in which the lens  401  and the glass substrate  12  on the solid-state imaging element  11  are positioned and formed with high accuracy by the alignment mark. However, by forming an AR coat  402  in the effective region of the lens  401 , sensitivity may be improved for high-definition imaging. 
     That is, for example, as indicated by a thick line in an uppermost part of  FIG. 54 , an AR coat  402 -P 1  may be formed on a glass substrate  12 , an ineffective region (corresponding to the ineffective region  131   b  in  FIG. 23 ) including a side surface and a planar portion of a protruding portion  401   a , and the entire region of an effective region (corresponding to the effective region  131   a  in  FIG. 23 ). 
     Furthermore, for example, as illustrated in a second drawing from the top in  FIG. 54 , an AR coat  402 -P 2  may be formed only in the effective region in the protruding portion  401   a  on a lens  401 . Since the AR coat  402 -P 2  is formed only in the region (effective region (corresponding to the effective region  131   a  in  FIG. 23 )) in the protruding portion  401   a  on the lens  401 , it is possible to reduce stress generated by expansion or contraction of the lens  401  due to heat during mount reflow thermal loading or the like, and it is possible to prevent generation of a crack in the AR coat  402 -P 2 . 
     Moreover, for example, as indicated by a third drawing from the top in  FIG. 54 , an AR coat  402 -P 3  may be formed in a region (effective region (corresponding to the effective region  131   a  in  FIG. 23 )) inside the protruding portion  401   a  including the planar portion of the protruding portion  401   a  on the lens  401 . Since the AR coat  402 -P 3  is formed only in the region inside the protruding portion  401   a  including the protruding portion  401   a  on the lens  401 , it is possible to reduce stress generated on the AR coat  402 -P 3  due to expansion or contraction of the lens  401  due to heat during mount reflow thermal loading or the like, and it is possible to prevent generation of a crack. 
     Moreover, for example, as illustrated in a fourth drawing from the top in  FIG. 54 , in addition to the planar portion of the protruding portion  401   a  on the lens  401  and a part of an outer circumferential part thereof, an AR coat  402 -P 4  may be formed in a region inside the protruding portion  401   a  (effective region (corresponding to the effective region  131   a  in  FIG. 23 )), and moreover, an AR coat  402 -P 5  may be formed in a region in the vicinity of the boundary with the glass substrate  12  in the glass substrate  12  and the lens  401 . By forming, on a part of a side surface portion of the lens  401 , a region where the AR coat is not formed as in the AR coats  402 -P 4  and  402 -P 5 , it is possible to reduce stress generated on the AR coat  402 -P 2  due to expansion or contraction of the lens  401  due to heat during mount reflow thermal loading or the like, and it is possible to prevent generation of a crack. 
       FIG. 55  summarizes distribution of stress generated in the AR coat  402  during mount reflow thermal loading, in which the region where the AR coat  402  is formed with respect to the lens  401  is changed in a variety of ways. 
     In  FIG. 55 , an upper part illustrates the external shape of the lens  401  and the AR coat  402  when the lens  401  has been horizontally divided into two and perpendicularly divided into two, and a lower part illustrates corresponding distribution of stress generated in the AR coat  402  during mount reflow thermal loading. 
     A left part of  FIG. 55  illustrates a case where an AR coat  402 AA is formed in which the AR coat is formed on the entire region including the peripheral glass substrate  12 , the side surfaces of the lens  401 , the protruding portion  401   a , and the inside of the protruding portion  401   a.    
     A second drawing from the left in  FIG. 55  illustrates a case of an AR coat  402 AB in which, as compared with the configuration in the leftmost part of  FIG. 55 , the AR coat is not formed on the peripheral glass substrate  12  and side surfaces of the lens  401 , but the AR coat is formed in the remaining region. 
     A third drawing from the left in  FIG. 55  illustrates a case of an AR coat  402 AC in which, as compared with the configuration in the leftmost part of  FIG. 55 , the AR coat is not formed in the region of the side surfaces of the lens  401 , but the AR coat is applied to the peripheral glass substrate  12 , the protruding portion  401   a , and the inside of the protruding portion  401   a.    
     A fourth drawing from the left in  FIG. 55  illustrates a case of an AR coat  402 AD in which, as compared with the configuration in the leftmost part of  FIG. 55 , the AR coat is not formed in the region of the side surfaces of the lens  401 , the planar portion of the protruding portion  401   a , and the region from a flat portion of the upper surface of the protruding portion  401   a  to a predetermined width A inside the protruding portion  401   a , but the AR coat is applied to the remaining portion inside the protruding portion  401   a  and the peripheral glass substrate  12 . Here, the width A is, for example, 100 μm. 
     A fifth drawing from the left in  FIG. 55  illustrates a case of an AR coat  402 AE in which, as compared with the configuration in the leftmost part of  FIG. 55 , the AR coat is formed inside the protruding portion  401   a , on the flat portion of the upper surface of the protruding portion  401   a , and in a region of the predetermined width A from and below the flat portion in a side surface on the outside of the protruding portion  401   a.    
     A sixth drawing from the left in  FIG. 55  illustrates a case of an AR coat  402 AF in which, as compared with the configuration in the leftmost part of  FIG. 55 , the AR coat is formed inside the protruding portion  401   a , on the flat portion of the upper surface of the protruding portion  401   a , and in a region of a predetermined width  2 A from and below the flat portion in the side surface on the outside of the protruding portion  401   a.    
     A seventh drawing from the left in  FIG. 55  illustrates a case of an AR coat  402 AG in which, as compared with the configuration in the leftmost part of  FIG. 55 , the AR coat is formed inside the protruding portion  401   a , on the flat portion of the upper surface of the protruding portion  401   a , and in a region of a predetermined width  3 A from and below the flat portion in the side surface on the outside of the protruding portion  401   a.    
     An eighth drawing from the left in  FIG. 55  illustrates a case of an AR coat  402 AH in which, as compared with the configuration in the leftmost part of  FIG. 55 , the AR coat is formed inside the protruding portion  401   a , on the flat portion of the upper surface of the protruding portion  401   a , and in a region of a predetermined width  4 A from and below the flat portion in the side surface on the outside of the protruding portion  401   a.    
     Comparison with the leftmost part of  FIG. 55  shows that the stress generated in the AR coat  402  is smaller in a case where the AR coat  402  is formed in a state in which the AR coat inside the protruding portion  401   a  of the lens  401  is not continuously connected to the AR coat  402  on the glass substrate  12  than in a case of the AR coat  402 AA formed so as to cover the entire surface of the lens  401  in any case. 
     As described above, by forming the AR coat  402  on the lens  401 , occurrence of flare and ghosts can be prevented, and a higher-definition image can be captured. 
     Furthermore, as for the AR coat  402  to be formed, on the entire surface including the effective region and the ineffective region of the lens  401  including the protruding portion  401   a  and the glass substrate  12  serving as an outer circumferential part thereof, a region where the AR coat is not formed is provided at least partially excluding the effective region and the glass substrate  12 , so that it is possible to prevent generation of a crack attributable to expansion or contraction during mount reflow thermal loading or heating for reliability inspection or the like. 
     Note that, although the AR coat  402  has been described here, other films may be used as long as the film is formed on the surface of the lens  401 , and the same applies to, for example, an antireflection film such as moth-eye. 
     Furthermore, in the above description, the example of the lens including the protruding portion  401   a  has been described. However, even in a case of a lens that does not include the protruding portion  401   a , it is only required that, on the entire surface including the effective region and the ineffective region and the glass substrate  12  serving as an outer circumferential part thereof, a region where the AR coat is not formed is provided at least partially excluding the effective region and the glass substrate  12 . In other words, it is only required that the AR coat  402  formed on the lens  401  is not formed in a state of being continuously connected to the AR coat  402  formed on the side surfaces of the lens and the glass substrate  12 . Thus, the lens  401  may be, for example, a two-stage side surface type lens  401 L, and similar effects can be obtained as long as the AR coat  402  formed on the lens  401  is not formed in a state of being continuously connected to the AR coat  402  formed on the side surfaces of the lens and the glass substrate  12 . 
     21. Twenty-First Embodiment 
     In the above description, the example has been described in which the AR coat  402  formed on the lens  401  is not formed in a state of being continuously connected to the AR coat  402  formed on the glass substrate  12 , so that stress generated in the AR coat  402  due to expansion or contraction attributable to heat during mount reflow thermal loading is reduced. 
     However, a light shielding film may be formed so as to cover a protruding portion  401   a  and side surfaces of a lens  401  so that occurrence of side surface flare is prevented. 
     That is, as illustrated in an uppermost part of  FIG. 56 , on a glass substrate  12 , a light shielding film  521  may be formed on the side surface of the lens  401  and the entire range up to the height of a planar portion of the upper surface of the protruding portion  401   a , that is, in a range excluding an effective region. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a second drawing from the top in  FIG. 56 , the light shielding film  521  may be formed on the entire surface from the top of the glass substrate  12 , the side surface of the lens  401 , and to the planar portion of the upper surface of the protruding portion  401   a , that is, the entire surface portion excluding the effective region. 
     Moreover, as illustrated in a third drawing from the top in  FIG. 56 , the light shielding film  521  may be formed on a side surface of the protruding portion  401   a  of the lens  401  from the glass substrate  12 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a fourth drawing from the top in  FIG. 56 , the light shielding film  521  may be formed in a range from the glass substrate  12  to a predetermined height from the glass substrate  12  on the side surface of the protruding portion  401   a  of the lens  401 . 
     Moreover, as illustrated in a fifth drawing from the top in  FIG. 56 , the light shielding film  521  may be formed only on the side surface of the protruding portion  401   a  of the lens  401 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a sixth drawing from the top in  FIG. 56 , the light shielding film  521  may be formed in a range up to the highest position of the two side surfaces of the two-stage side surface type lens  401  on the glass substrate  12 . 
     Moreover, as illustrated in a seventh drawing from the top in  FIG. 56 , the light shielding film  521  may be formed so as to cover the entire surface up to the highest position of the two side surfaces of the two-stage side surface type lens  401  on the glass substrate  12  and an outer circumferential portion of a solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     In either case, the light shielding film  521  is formed by partial film formation, formed by lithography after film formation, formed by film formation after resist formation and lift-off of the resist, or formed by lithography. 
     Furthermore, a mound for forming a light shielding film may be formed on an outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 , and the light shielding film  521  may be formed inside the mound on the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 . 
     That is, as illustrated in an uppermost part of  FIG. 57 , a mound  531  having the same height as the lens height may be formed on the glass substrate  12  at the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 , the light shielding film  521  may be formed inside the mound  531  on the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401  by lithography or application, and then the heights of the light shielding film  521 , the lens  401 , and the mound  531  may be aligned by polishing such as chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a second part of  FIG. 57 , the mound  531  having the same height as the lens height may be formed on the glass substrate  12  in the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 , and only a material of the light shielding film  521  may be applied inside the mound  531  in the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 . The heights of the light shielding film  521 , the lens  401 , and the mound  531  may be self-aligned by the material of the light shielding film  521 . 
     Moreover, as illustrated in a third part of  FIG. 57 , the mound  531  having the same height as the lens height may be formed on the glass substrate  12  in the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 , and only the light shielding film  521  may be formed by lithography inside the mound  531  in the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a fourth part of  FIG. 57 , the mound  531  may be formed on the glass substrate  12  in the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401  so as to cover the boundary between the two-stage side surface type lens  401  and the glass substrate  12 , and after the light shielding film  521  has been formed inside the mound  531  on the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401  by lithography or application, the heights of the light shielding film  521 , the lens  401 , and the mound  531  may be aligned by polishing such as chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in a fifth part of  FIG. 57 , the mound  531  may be formed on the glass substrate  12  in the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401  so as to cover the boundary between the two-stage side surface type lens  401  and the glass substrate  12 , and only the material of the light shielding film  521  may be applied inside the mound  531  in the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 . The heights of the light shielding film  521 , the lens  401 , and the mound  531  may be self-aligned by the material of the light shielding film  521 . 
     Moreover, as illustrated in a sixth part of  FIG. 57 , the mound  531  may be formed on the glass substrate  12  in the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401  so as to cover the boundary between the two-stage side surface type lens  401  and the glass substrate  12 , and only the light shielding film  521  may be formed by lithography inside the mound  531  in the outer circumferential part of the two-stage side surface type lens  401 . 
     In either case, since the light shielding film is formed so as to cover the protruding portion  401   a  and the side surface of the lens  401 , occurrence of side surface flare can be prevented. 
     Note that, in the above description, the example has been described in which a light shielding film is formed on the outer circumferential part of the lens  401 . However, it is only required that light from the outer circumferential part of the lens  401  cannot enter, and thus, for example, a light absorption film may be formed instead of the light shielding film. 
     22. Twenty-Second Embodiment 
     In the above description, a cavity-less structure in which the upper substrate lib and the glass substrate  12  for protecting the on-chip lens  11   d  are connected to each other via the adhesive  13  constituted by glass seal resin and a cavity is not provided has been mainly described as the configuration of the integrated component  10 . 
     A structure in which the cavity is provided between the upper substrate lib and the glass substrate  12  has been described in the ninth embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 17 . In the following twenty-second embodiment, another cavity structure in which a cavity is provided will be further described. 
     &lt;First Configuration Example of Twenty-Second Embodiment&gt; 
       FIG. 58  is a side sectional view illustrating a first configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
     Note that, in  FIG. 58 , only an integrated component  10  and a part of a circuit board  17  in an imaging device  1  are illustrated in an enlarged manner. Other peripheral portions, specifically, an actuator  18 , a connector  19 , a spacer  20 , and a lens group  16  connected to the actuator  18 , in which a configuration similar to that of the other embodiments described above is adopted, are not illustrated. The same applies to  FIGS. 61 to 66  described later. 
     In  FIG. 58 , a glass substrate  601  having a configuration in which a first glass substrate  601   a  and a second glass substrate  601   b  are bonded together is provided on an upper surface portion of a solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     The lower surface of the glass substrate  601  is bonded to the solid-state imaging element  11  with an adhesive  13  that is transparent and has a refractive index substantially the same as that of the glass substrate  601 . On the upper surface of the glass substrate  601 , the same lens  131  as that of the imaging device  1  illustrated in  FIG. 9  is formed. 
     The lens  131  constitutes a lowermost layer with respect to the incident direction of light among a plurality of lenses constituting the lens group  16 , and is denoted with the same reference numeral as the lens group  16  in  FIG. 1 , and has in common with the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9  that a lens  131  serving as the lowermost layer with respect to the incident direction of light is not included. 
     On the other hand, in the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 , the lens  131  is provided on the IRCF  14  formed on the glass substrate  12 . In  FIG. 58 , the IRCF  14  is omitted, and the lens  131  is formed on the glass substrate  601 , which is a difference from the imaging device  1  in  FIG. 9 . Note that the IRCF  14  may be provided between the glass substrate  601  and the lens  131 . 
     As described above, the glass substrate  601  has a configuration in which the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b  are bonded together. The second glass substrate  601   b , which is on the lens group  16  side and is farther from the solid-state imaging element  11 , has a protrusion  611   a  protruding toward the first glass substrate  601   a , so that a cavity  612  constituted by an air layer is formed between the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b . The protrusion  611   a  is provided on an outer circumferential part of the second glass substrate  601   b , which is square in a plan view. The cavity  612  is surrounded by the protrusion  611   a  on four side surfaces in the planar direction, and is surrounded by the upper surface of the first glass substrate  601   a  and the lower surface of the second glass substrate  601   b  in the vertical direction (perpendicular direction). That is, the cavity  612  is sealed (enclosed) with the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b.    
     An AR coat  621  is formed on the upper surface of the first glass substrate  601   a , and an AR coat  622  is formed on the lower surface of the second glass substrate  601   b  and also on a side surface portion that is in contact with the cavity  612  of the protrusion  611   a . With this arrangement, surfaces of the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b  that are in contact with the cavity  612  have an antireflection function. 
     The AR coats  621  and  622  can be formed with the use of a film similar to the AR coat  271   a  illustrated in  FIG. 19 . That is, the AR coats  621  and  622  can be formed with the use of, for example, an insulating film (e.g., SiCH, SiCOH, or SiCNH) containing, as main components, resin such as a transparent silicon-based resin, an acryl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, or a styrene-based resin, silicon (Si), carbon (C), and hydrogen (H), an insulating film (e.g., SiON or SiN) containing silicon (Si) and nitrogen (N) as main components, or a SiO2 film, a P—SiO film, an HDP-SiO film, or the like formed with the use of an oxidizing agent and a material gas including at least one of silicon hydroxide, alkylsilane, alkoxysilane, polysiloxane, or the like. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 59 , the glass substrate  601  has a configuration in which the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b  are bonded by plasma joining in which contact surfaces of the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b  are directly joined after being subjected to a surface activation treatment by plasma. The first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b  are bonded together via the AR coats  621  and  622 , and the AR coats  621  and  622  also have a role of increasing joining strength in plasma joining. 
     Effects of the cavity  612  will be described with reference to  FIG. 60 .  FIG. 60  is a schematic diagram of a laminated cross-sectional structure formed on the upper side of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     A part of incident light  631  that passes through the lens group  16  (not illustrated) and travels toward the solid-state imaging element  11  is reflected at a position F 31  on the upper surface of the solid-state imaging element  11  and becomes reflected light. 
     In a case of a structure without the cavity  612  between the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b , the refractive indexes of the glass substrate  601 , the adhesive  13 , and the lens  131  are substantially the same, so that the reflected light generated on the upper surface of the solid-state imaging element  11  is totally reflected on the upper surface (surface) of the lens  131 , which is an interface with different refractive indexes. As a result, as indicated by a dotted arrow in  FIG. 60 , the reflected light enters the solid-state imaging element  11  again at a position away from the position F 31  of the incident light  631 , which causes flare or a ghost. 
     On the other hand, according to the first configuration example of the imaging device according to the twenty-second embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 58 , since the cavity  612  is provided on the side closer to the solid-state imaging element  11  than the bottom surface of the lowermost lens  131 , the reflected light is totally reflected at the interface of the cavity  612  as indicated by a solid arrow in  FIG. 60 . As a result, the reflected light is incident again at a position close to the position F 31  of the incident light  631 , and spreading of total reflection flare can be prevented. This reduces image quality degradation. 
     Furthermore, although not illustrated in the schematic diagram in  FIG. 60 , since the AR coats  621  and  622  for preventing reflection are formed at the interfaces between the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b  and the cavity  612 , reflection of the incident light  631  at the interfaces with the cavity  612  can be prevented, and it is possible to allow more incident light to be incident on a photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode  51 ) of the solid-state imaging element  11 . Note that either one of the AR coats  621  and  622  may be omitted. 
     &lt;Second Configuration Example of Twenty-Second Embodiment&gt; 
       FIG. 61  is a side sectional view illustrating a second configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
     The second configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 61  is different from the first configuration example in that the AR coats  621  and  622  are not formed on the joining surfaces of the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b  and the side surface portion where the protrusion  611   a  of the second glass substrate  601   b  is in contact with the cavity  612 , and has in common with the first configuration example in other points. In the second configuration example, the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b  are directly bonded together by, for example, thermal fusion of the glass substrates. 
     Similarly in the second configuration example in  FIG. 61 , the cavity  612  is formed on the side closer to the solid-state imaging element  11  than the bottom surface of the lowermost lens  131 . Thus, as described with reference to  FIG. 60 , occurrence of flare due to reflected light reflected at the interface of the solid-state imaging element  11  can be prevented, and image quality degradation can be reduced. Furthermore, the AR coats  621  and  622  allow more incident light to be incident on the photoelectric conversion unit of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     &lt;Third Configuration Example of Twenty-Second Embodiment&gt; 
       FIG. 62  is a side sectional view illustrating a third configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
     In the third configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 62 , the second glass substrate  601   b  in the second configuration example in  FIG. 61  is replaced with a second glass substrate  601   b ′. The second glass substrate  601   b ′ is different from the second glass substrate  601   b  in that the second glass substrate  601   b ′ has a flat plate shape without the protrusion  611   a . Then, instead of the protrusion  611   a  of the second glass substrate  601   b , a sealing film  641  is arranged between the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b ′, and the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b ′ are bonded together via the sealing film  641 . 
     The sealing film  641  can be, for example, an organic adhesive. Alternatively, for example, a metal film of tungsten (W), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), or the like, or an insulating film of silicon oxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon oxycarbide (SiOC), or the like may be used for the sealing film  641 . 
     In a similar manner to the first configuration example and the second configuration example, the sealing film  641  is arranged on an outer circumferential parts of the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b ′ in a plan view, and the cavity  612  is sealed (enclosed) with the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b′.    
     Similarly in the third configuration example in  FIG. 62 , the cavity  612  is formed on the side closer to the solid-state imaging element  11  than the bottom surface of the lowermost lens  131 . Thus, as described with reference to  FIG. 60 , occurrence of flare due to reflected light reflected at the interface of the solid-state imaging element  11  can be prevented, and image quality degradation can be reduced. Furthermore, the AR coats  621  and  622  allow more incident light to be incident on the photoelectric conversion unit of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     &lt;Fourth Configuration Example of Twenty-Second Embodiment&gt; 
       FIG. 63  is a side sectional view illustrating a fourth configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
     In the fourth configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 63 , the first glass substrate  601   a  is omitted as compared with the second configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 61 . In other words, in the second configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 61 , the glass substrate  601  has a configuration in which the first glass substrate  601   a  and the second glass substrate  601   b  are bonded. In the fourth configuration example in  FIG. 63 , the glass substrate  601  is constituted only by the second glass substrate  601   b , which is one of the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate. 
     The second glass substrate  601   b  is bonded with the adhesive  13  formed flat on the lower surface of the protrusion  611   a , and thus the cavity  612  is formed between the second glass substrate  601   b  and the adhesive  13 . That is, the cavity  612  is sealed (enclosed) with the second glass substrate  601   b  and the adhesive  13 . The adhesive  13  also functions as a flattening film that flattens the upper surface of an on-chip lens  11   d , and the AR coat  621  is formed on the interface of the adhesive  13  in contact with the cavity  612 . Furthermore, the AR coat  622  is formed on a surface of the second glass substrate  601   b  in contact with the cavity  612  in the vertical direction (perpendicular direction). 
     Similarly in the fourth configuration example in  FIG. 63 , the cavity  612  is formed on the side closer to the solid-state imaging element  11  than the bottom surface of the lowermost lens  131 . Thus, as described with reference to  FIG. 60 , occurrence of flare due to reflected light reflected at the interface of the solid-state imaging element  11  can be prevented, and image quality degradation can be reduced. Furthermore, the AR coats  621  and  622  allow more incident light to be incident on the photoelectric conversion unit of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     &lt;Fifth Configuration Example of Twenty-Second Embodiment&gt; 
       FIG. 64  is a side sectional view illustrating a fifth configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
     In the fifth configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 64 , the second glass substrate  601   b  in the fourth configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 63  is replaced with the second glass substrate  601   b ′ without the protrusion  611   a . Then, instead of the protrusion  611   a  of the second glass substrate  601   b , the sealing film  641  is arranged between the adhesive  13  and the second glass substrate  601   b ′. A vertical direction (perpendicular direction) of the cavity  612  is surrounded by the second glass substrate  601   b ′ and the adhesive  13 , four side surfaces of the cavity  612  in the planar direction are surrounded by the sealing film  641 , and thus the cavity  612  is sealed (enclosed). 
     In other words, the fifth configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 64  is a configuration in which the first glass substrate  601   a  is omitted from the third configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 62 , and other configurations are similar to those of the third configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 62 . 
     Similarly in the fifth configuration example in  FIG. 64 , the cavity  612  is formed on the side closer to the solid-state imaging element  11  than the bottom surface of the lowermost lens  131 . Thus, as described with reference to  FIG. 60 , occurrence of flare due to reflected light reflected at the interface of the solid-state imaging element  11  can be prevented, and image quality degradation can be reduced. Furthermore, the AR coats  621  and  622  allow more incident light to be incident on the photoelectric conversion unit of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     &lt;Sixth Configuration Example of Twenty-Second Embodiment&gt; 
       FIG. 65  is a side sectional view illustrating a sixth configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
     The sixth configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 65  is a configuration in which the adhesive  13  covering the upper surface of the on-chip lens  11   d  is omitted as compared with the fourth configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 63 . The bottom surface of the protrusion  611   a  of the second glass substrate  601   b  is bonded to the solid-state imaging element  11  via a transparent adhesive  652 , so that the cavity  612  is formed between the on-chip lens  11   d  on the upper surface of the solid-state imaging element  11  and the second glass substrate  601   b . The vertical direction (perpendicular direction) of the cavity  612  is surrounded by the second glass substrate  601   b  and the upper surface of the solid-state imaging element  11 , four side surfaces of the cavity  612  in the planar direction are surrounded by the second glass substrate  601   b , and thus the cavity  612  is sealed (enclosed). Since the adhesive  13  and the first glass substrate  601   a  forming a flat surface are omitted, the AR coat  621  is also omitted. Other configurations are similar to those of the fourth configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 63 . 
     Similarly in the sixth configuration example in  FIG. 65 , the cavity  612  is formed on the side closer to the solid-state imaging element  11  than the bottom surface of the lowermost lens  131 . Thus, as described with reference to  FIG. 60 , occurrence of flare due to reflected light reflected at the interface of the solid-state imaging element  11  can be prevented, and image quality degradation can be reduced. Furthermore, the AR coat  622  allows more incident light to be incident on the photoelectric conversion unit of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     &lt;Seventh Configuration Example of Twenty-Second Embodiment&gt; 
       FIG. 66  is a side sectional view illustrating a seventh configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment of the imaging device of the present disclosure. 
     The seventh configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 66  is a configuration in which the adhesive  13  covering the upper surface of the on-chip lens  11   d  is omitted as compared with the fifth configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 64 . The bottom surface of the sealing film  641  formed on an outer circumferential part of the lower surface of the second glass substrate  601   b ′ having a flat plate shape is bonded to the solid-state imaging element  11 , and thus the cavity  612  is formed between the upper surface of the solid-state imaging element  11  and the second glass substrate  601   b ′. The vertical direction (perpendicular direction) of the cavity  612  is surrounded by the second glass substrate  601   b ′ and the upper surface of the solid-state imaging element  11 , four side surfaces of the cavity  612  in the planar direction are surrounded by the sealing film  641 , and thus the cavity  612  is sealed (enclosed). Since the adhesive  13  and the first glass substrate  601   a  forming a flat surface are omitted, the AR coat  621  is also omitted. Other configurations are similar to those of the fifth configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 64 . 
     Similarly in the seventh configuration example in  FIG. 66 , the cavity  612  is formed on the side closer to the solid-state imaging element  11  than the bottom surface of the lowermost lens  131 . Thus, as described with reference to  FIG. 60 , occurrence of flare due to reflected light reflected at the interface of the solid-state imaging element  11  can be prevented, and image quality degradation can be reduced. Furthermore, the AR coat  622  allows more incident light to be incident on the photoelectric conversion unit of the solid-state imaging element  11 . 
     &lt;Summary of Twenty-Second Embodiment&gt; 
     According to the first configuration example to the seventh configuration example according to the twenty-second embodiment described above, the cavity  612  is formed between the lens  131  formed on the second glass substrate  601   b  or  601   b ′ of the integrated component  10  and the solid-state imaging element  11 . With this arrangement, as described with reference to  FIG. 60 , occurrence of flare due to reflected light reflected at the interface of the solid-state imaging element  11  can be prevented, and image quality degradation can be reduced. 
     Furthermore, at least one of the AR coat  621  or  622  allows more incident light to be incident on the photoelectric conversion unit of the solid-state imaging element  11 . In the second configuration example to the seventh configuration example, the AR coat  622  is not formed on the four side surfaces in the planar direction of the cavity  612 , but may be formed in a similar manner to the first configuration example. 
     In the cavity  612 , all of the four side surfaces in the planar direction and the surfaces in the vertical direction (perpendicular direction) are surrounded by a material different from the material of the lens  131 , specifically, a highly elastic material, and sealed (enclosed). With this arrangement, it is possible to prevent occurrence of dew condensation or the like due to moisture intrusion. 
     Note that, in the twenty-second embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 58 to 66 , the lens  131  is adopted as a structure of the lens formed on the second glass substrate  601   b  (or  601   b ′), but the structure of the lens formed on the second glass substrate  601   b  is not particularly limited. 
     That is, the lens formed on the second glass substrate  601   b  may be, for example, the lens group  171  ( FIG. 14 ) including a plurality of lenses, the lens  271  ( FIG. 19 ) with the AR coat  271   a , the lens  291  ( FIG. 20 ) to which an antireflection function of a moth-eye structure is added, the infrared light cut lens  301  ( FIG. 21 ) with the infrared cut function, or the like. 
     Furthermore, the lens formed on the second glass substrate  601   b  may be the lens  401  that is constituted by an aspheric curved surface and has a thickness that changes in accordance with the distance from the center position in a direction perpendicular to the incident direction of light as illustrated in  FIGS. 38 and 39 . In the lens  401 , the lens thickness at the center position is the minimum thickness D, and the lens thickness at a position farthest from the center in the range Ze is the maximal thickness H. Furthermore, in a case where the thickness of the glass substrate  601  is a thickness Th, the maximal thickness H of the lens  401  is thicker than the thickness Th of the glass substrate  601 , and the minimum thickness D of the lens  401  is thinner than the thickness Th of the glass substrate  601 . By defining the shape of the lens formed on the second glass substrate  601   b  (or  601   b ′) as in the lens  401 , it is possible to achieve a lens that is small and lightweight, and allows for high-resolution imaging as described above. 
     &lt;23. Example of Application to Electronic Equipment&gt; 
     The imaging device  1  described above with reference to  FIGS. 1, 9 , and the like described above, and the like can be used for, for example, various types of electronic equipment such as an imaging device such as a digital still camera or a digital video camera, a mobile phone having an imaging function, or other devices having an imaging function. 
       FIG. 67  is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an imaging device as electronic equipment to which the present technology is applied. 
     An imaging device  1001  illustrated in  FIG. 67  includes an optical system  1002 , a shutter device  1003 , a solid-state imaging element  1004 , a drive circuit  1005 , a signal processing circuit  1006 , a monitor  1007 , and a memory  1008 , and can capture a still image and a moving image. 
     The optical system  1002  is constituted by one or a plurality of lenses, and guides light (incident light) from a subject to the solid-state imaging element  1004 , so that the light is formed as an image on a light receiving surface of the solid-state imaging element  1004 . 
     The shutter device  1003  is arranged between the optical system  1002  and the solid-state imaging element  1004 , and controls a light irradiation period and a light shielding period with respect to the solid-state imaging element  1004  in accordance with control of the drive circuit  1005 . 
     The solid-state imaging element  1004  is constituted by a package including the solid-state imaging element described above. The solid-state imaging element  1004  accumulates a signal charge for a certain period in accordance with light formed as an image on the light receiving surface via the optical system  1002  and the shutter device  1003 . The signal charge accumulated in the solid-state imaging element  1004  is transferred in accordance with a drive signal (timing signal) supplied from the drive circuit  1005 . 
     The drive circuit  1005  outputs a drive signal for controlling a transfer operation of the solid-state imaging element  1004  and a shutter operation of the shutter device  1003  to drive the solid-state imaging element  1004  and the shutter device  1003 . 
     The signal processing circuit  1006  performs various types of signal processing on the signal charge output from the solid-state imaging element  1004 . An image (image data) obtained by signal processing performed by the signal processing circuit  1006  is supplied to and displayed on the monitor  1007 , or supplied to and stored (recorded) in the memory  1008 . 
     Similarly in the imaging device  1001  configured as described above, by using the imaging device  1  described above with reference to  FIGS. 1, 9 , and the like instead of the optical system  1002  and the solid-state imaging element  1004  described above, it is possible to prevent ghosts and flare attributable to internal diffuse reflection while achieving downsizing and reduction in height of the device configuration. 
     &lt;24. Usage Example of Solid-State Imaging Device&gt; 
       FIG. 68  is a diagram illustrating a usage example of using the imaging device  1  described above. 
     The imaging device  1  described above can be used, for example, in a variety of cases of sensing light such as visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, or X-rays as described below.
         A device that captures an image to be used for viewing, such as a digital camera or a portable device with a camera function   A device used for traffic, such as an in-vehicle sensor that captures images of the front, rear, surroundings, inside, and the like of an automobile for safe driving such as automatic stop, recognition of a driver&#39;s state, and the like, a monitoring camera that monitors traveling vehicles and roads, and a distance measuring sensor that measures a distance between vehicles and the like   A device used for home appliances such as a TV, a refrigerator, and an air conditioner in order to capture an image of a gesture of a user and perform an apparatus operation in accordance with the gesture   A device used for medical care or healthcare, such as an endoscope or a device for angiography using reception of infrared light   A device used for security, such as a monitoring camera for crime prevention or a camera for person authentication   A device used for beauty care, such as a skin analyzer for imaging skin or a microscope for imaging scalp   A device used for sports, such as an action camera or a wearable camera for sports or the like   A device used for agriculture, such as a camera for monitoring a state of a field or a crop       

     &lt;25. Example of Application to Endoscopic Surgery System&gt; 
     The technology according to the present disclosure (the present technology) can be applied to a variety of products. For example, the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to an endoscopic surgery system. 
       FIG. 69  is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an endoscopic surgery system to which the technology according to the present disclosure (the present technology) may be applied. 
       FIG. 69  illustrates a situation in which an operator (doctor)  11131  is performing surgery on a patient  11132  on a patient bed  11133  using an endoscopic surgery system  11000 . As illustrated, the endoscopic surgery system  11000  includes an endoscope  11100 , other surgical tools  11110  such as an insufflation tube  11111  and an energy treatment tool  11112 , a support arm device  11120  that supports the endoscope  11100 , and a cart  11200  on which various devices for endoscopic surgery are mounted. 
     The endoscope  11100  includes a lens barrel  11101  having a region of a predetermined length from its distal end inserted into a body cavity of the patient  11132 , and a camera head  11102  connected to a proximal end of the lens barrel  11101 . In the illustrated example, the endoscope  11100  configured as a so-called rigid endoscope having the lens barrel  11101  that is rigid is illustrated. Alternatively, the endoscope  11100  may be configured as a so-called flexible endoscope having a flexible lens barrel. 
     The lens barrel  11101  is provided with, at the distal end thereof, an opening portion in which an objective lens is fitted. The endoscope  11100  is connected with a light source device  11203 . Light generated by the light source device  11203  is guided to the distal end of the lens barrel by a light guide extending inside the lens barrel  11101 , and is emitted through the objective lens toward an observation target in the body cavity of the patient  11132 . Note that the endoscope  11100  may be a forward-viewing endoscope, an oblique-viewing endoscope, or a side-viewing endoscope. 
     The camera head  11102  is provided with an optical system and an imaging element inside thereof, and light reflected from the observation target (observation light) is condensed on the imaging element by the optical system. The imaging element photoelectrically converts the observation light to generate an electric signal corresponding to the observation light, that is, an image signal corresponding to an observation image. The image signal is transmitted to a camera control unit (CCU)  11201  as raw data. 
     The CCU  11201  is constituted by a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and the like, and integrally controls operations of the endoscope  11100  and a display device  11202 . Moreover, the CCU  11201  receives an image signal from the camera head  11102 , and performs, on the image signal, various types of image processing for displaying an image based on the image signal, such as development processing (demosaic processing), for example. 
     The CCU  11201  controls the display device  11202  to display an image based on the image signal on which the CCU  11201  has performed image processing. 
     The light source device  11203  includes a light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), for example, and supplies the endoscope  11100  with emitted light at the time of imaging a surgical site or the like. 
     An input device  11204  is an input interface to the endoscopic surgery system  11000 . A user can input various types of information and input instructions to the endoscopic surgery system  11000  via the input device  11204 . The user inputs, for example, an instruction to change conditions (type of emitted light, magnification, focal length, and the like) of imaging by the endoscope  11100 . 
     A treatment tool control device  11205  controls driving of the energy treatment tool  11112  for cauterization or incision of tissue, sealing of a blood vessel, or the like. An insufflation device  11206  sends gas through the insufflation tube  11111  into the body cavity in order to inflate the body cavity of the patient  11132  for the purpose of securing a field of view of the endoscope  11100  and securing a working space for the operator. A recorder  11207  is a device that can record various types of information regarding surgery. A printer  11208  is a device that can print various types of information regarding surgery in various formats such as text, images, or graphs. 
     Note that the light source device  11203  that supplies the endoscope  11100  with emitted light at the time of imaging a surgical site can be constituted by, for example, an LED, a laser light source, or a white light source constituted by a combination thereof. In a case where the white light source is constituted by a combination of RGB laser light sources, an output intensity and output timing of each color (each wavelength) can be controlled with high precision, and this enables white balance adjustment of a captured image at the light source device  11203 . Furthermore, in this case, an image for each of R, G, and B can be captured in a time-division manner by emitting laser light from each of the RGB laser light sources to an observation target in a time-division manner, and controlling driving of the imaging element of the camera head  11102  in synchronization with the emission timing. According to this method, it is possible to obtain a color image without providing a color filter in the imaging element. 
     Furthermore, driving of the light source device  11203  may be controlled so that the intensity of light to be output changes at a predetermined time interval. By controlling the driving of the imaging element of the camera head  11102  in synchronization with the timing of the change in the light intensity, acquiring images in a time-division manner, and generating a composite image from the images, a high dynamic range image without so-called blocked up shadows or blown out highlights can be generated. 
     Furthermore, the light source device  11203  may have a configuration in which light can be supplied in a predetermined wavelength band that can be used for special light observation. In special light observation, for example, by utilizing wavelength dependence of light absorption in body tissue, so-called narrow band imaging is performed in which a predetermined tissue such as a blood vessel in a mucosal surface layer is imaged with high contrast by emitting light in a band narrower than that of light emitted during normal observation (that is, white light). Alternatively, in special light observation, fluorescence observation may be performed in which an image is obtained by fluorescence generated by emitting excitation light. Fluorescence observation allows, for example, fluorescence from the body tissue to be observed with excitation light emitted to body tissue and (autofluorescence observation), or a fluorescent image to be obtained by locally injecting a reagent such as indocyanine green (ICG) into body tissue and emitting excitation light corresponding to a fluorescence wavelength of the reagent to the body tissue. The light source device  11203  may have a configuration in which narrow-band light and/or excitation light that can be used for such special light observation can be supplied. 
       FIG. 70  is a block diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of the camera head  11102  and the CCU  11201  illustrated in  FIG. 69 . 
     The camera head  11102  includes a lens unit  11401 , an imaging unit  11402 , a drive unit  11403 , a communication unit  11404 , and a camera head control unit  11405 . The CCU  11201  includes a communication unit  11411 , an image processing unit  11412 , and a control unit  11413 . The camera head  11102  and the CCU  11201  are connected by a transmission cable  11400  and can communicate with each other. 
     The lens unit  11401  is an optical system provided at a connection with the lens barrel  11101 . Observation light taken in from the distal end of the lens barrel  11101  is guided to the camera head  11102  and enters the lens unit  11401 . The lens unit  11401  is constituted by a combination of a plurality of lenses including a zoom lens and a focus lens. 
     The imaging unit  11402  is constituted by an imaging element. The number of imaging elements constituting the imaging unit  11402  may be one (so-called single-plate type), or may be more than one (so-called multi-plate type). In a case where the imaging unit  11402  is configured as a multi-plate type, for example, image signals, each corresponding to one of R, G, and B, may be generated by the corresponding imaging elements, and a color image may be obtained by combining the image signals. Alternatively, the imaging unit  11402  may include a pair of imaging elements, one for acquiring a right-eye image signal and the other for acquiring a left-eye image signal, thereby supporting three-dimensional (3D) display. The 3D display allows the operator  11131  to grasp the depth of living tissue in the surgical site more accurately. Note that, in a case where the imaging unit  11402  has a multi-plate type configuration, a plurality of the lens units  11401  may be provided for the corresponding imaging elements. 
     Furthermore, the imaging unit  11402  is not necessarily provided in the camera head  11102 . For example, the imaging unit  11402  may be provided inside the lens barrel  11101  just behind the objective lens. 
     The drive unit  11403  is constituted by an actuator, and the camera head control unit  11405  controls the zoom lens and the focus lens of the lens unit  11401  to move by a predetermined distance along the optical axis. With this arrangement, the magnification and the focus of an image captured by the imaging unit  11402  can be appropriately adjusted. 
     The communication unit  11404  is constituted by a communication device for transmitting and receiving various types of information to and from the CCU  11201 . The communication unit  11404  transmits an image signal obtained from the imaging unit  11402  as raw data to the CCU  11201  via the transmission cable  11400 . 
     Furthermore, the communication unit  11404  receives a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head  11102  from the CCU  11201 , and supplies the control signal to the camera head control unit  11405 . The control signal contains information regarding imaging conditions such as information for specifying a frame rate of a captured image, information for specifying an exposure value at the time of imaging, and/or information for specifying a magnification and focus of the captured image. 
     Note that the imaging conditions such as the frame rate, the exposure value, the magnification, and the focus described above may be appropriately specified by a user, or may be automatically set by the control unit  11413  of the CCU  11201  on the basis of an acquired image signal. In the latter case, the endoscope  11100  has a so-called auto exposure (AE) function, an auto focus (AF) function, and an auto white balance (AWB) function. 
     The camera head control unit  11405  controls the driving of the camera head  11102  on the basis of the control signal from the CCU  11201  received via the communication unit  11404 . 
     The communication unit  11411  is constituted by a communication device for transmitting and receiving various types of information to and from the camera head  11102 . The communication unit  11411  receives an image signal transmitted from the camera head  11102  via the transmission cable  11400 . 
     Furthermore, the communication unit  11411  transmits a control signal for controlling the driving of the camera head  11102  to the camera head  11102 . Image signals and control signals can be transmitted by electric communication, optical communication, or the like. 
     The image processing unit  11412  performs various types of image processing on an image signal that is raw data transmitted from the camera head  11102 . 
     The control unit  11413  performs various types of control related to imaging of a surgical site or the like by the endoscope  11100  and display of a captured image obtained by imaging of the surgical site or the like. For example, the control unit  11413  generates a control signal for controlling the driving of the camera head  11102 . 
     Furthermore, the control unit  11413  causes the display device  11202  to display a captured image in which a surgical site or the like is visible on the basis of an image signal on which the image processing unit  11412  has performed image processing. At this time, the control unit  11413  may use various image recognition technologies to recognize various objects in the captured image. For example, the control unit  11413  can recognize a surgical tool such as forceps, a specific living body site, bleeding, mist at the time of using the energy treatment tool  11112 , and the like by detecting a shape, color, and the like of an edge of an object in the captured image. When the captured image is displayed on the display device  11202 , the control unit  11413  may superimpose various types of surgery support information upon the image of the surgical site using results of the recognition. The surgery support information is superimposed and displayed so as to be presented to the operator  11131 , and this allows a burden on the operator  11131  to be reduced and the operator  11131  to proceed with surgery in a reliable manner. 
     The transmission cable  11400  connecting the camera head  11102  and the CCU  11201  is an electric signal cable that supports electric signal communication, an optical fiber cable that supports optical communication, or a composite cable thereof. 
     Here, in the illustrated example, wired communication is performed using the transmission cable  11400 , but wireless communication may be performed between the camera head  11102  and the CCU  11201 . 
     The example of the endoscopic surgery system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied has been described above. The technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to, for example, the endoscope  11100 , the camera head  11102  (imaging unit  11402  thereof), the CCU  11201  (image processing unit  11412  thereof), and the like, among the above-described configurations. Specifically, for example, the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 1, 9 , and the like can be used for the lens unit  11401  and the imaging unit  10402 . By applying the technology according to the present disclosure to the lens unit  11401  and the imaging unit  10402 , it is possible to achieve downsizing and reduction in height of the device configuration, and to prevent occurrence of flare and ghosts attributable to internal diffuse reflection. 
     Note that, here, an endoscopic surgery system has been described as an example, but the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to other than an endoscopic surgery system, for example, a microscopic surgery system. 
     &lt;26. Example of Application to Mobile Object&gt; 
     The technology according to the present disclosure (the present technology) can be applied to a variety of products. For example, the technology according to the present disclosure may be materialized as a device that is mounted on any type of mobile object such as an automobile, an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a motorcycle, a bicycle, personal mobility, an airplane, a drone, a ship, or a robot. 
       FIG. 71  is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system that is an example of a mobile object control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied. 
     A vehicle control system  12000  includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via a communication network  12001 . In the example illustrated in  FIG. 71 , the vehicle control system  12000  includes a drive system control unit  12010 , a body system control unit  12020 , an outside-of-vehicle information detection unit  12030 , an in-vehicle information detection unit  12040 , and an integrated control unit  12050 . Furthermore, as a functional configuration of the integrated control unit  12050 , a microcomputer  12051 , an audio/image output unit  12052 , and a vehicle-mounted network interface (I/F)  12053  are illustrated. 
     The drive system control unit  12010  controls operation of devices related to a drive system of the vehicle in accordance with various programs. For example, the drive system control unit  12010  functions as a device for controlling a driving force generation device for generating a driving force of the vehicle such as an internal combustion engine or a driving motor, a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to wheels, a steering mechanism that regulates a steering angle of the vehicle, a braking device that generates a braking force of the vehicle, and the like. 
     The body system control unit  12020  controls operation of various devices mounted on the vehicle body in accordance with various programs. For example, the body system control unit  12020  functions as a device for controlling a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or various lamps such as a head lamp, a back lamp, a brake lamp, a blinker, or a fog lamp. In this case, radio waves transmitted from a portable device that substitutes for a key or signals from various switches can be input to the body system control unit  12020 . The body system control unit  12020  receives the input of these radio waves or signals, and controls a door lock device, the power window device, a lamp, and the like of the vehicle. 
     The outside-of-vehicle information detection unit  12030  detects information outside the vehicle on which the vehicle control system  12000  is mounted. For example, the outside-of-vehicle information detection unit  12030  is connected with an imaging unit  12031 . The outside-of-vehicle information detection unit  12030  causes the imaging unit  12031  to capture an image of the outside of the vehicle, and receives the captured image. The outside-of-vehicle information detection unit  12030  may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing of a person, a car, an obstacle, a sign, a character on a road surface, or the like on the basis of the received image. 
     The imaging unit  12031  is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electric signal in accordance with the amount of the received light. The imaging unit  12031  can output the electric signal as an image, or can output the electric signal as distance measurement information. Furthermore, the light received by the imaging unit  12031  may be visible light or invisible light such as infrared rays. 
     The in-vehicle information detection unit  12040  detects information inside the vehicle. The in-vehicle information detection unit  12040  is connected with, for example, a driver state detector  12041  that detects a state of a driver. The driver state detector  12041  includes, for example, a camera for imaging a driver. On the basis of detection information input from the driver state detector  12041 , the in-vehicle information detection unit  12040  may calculate the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver, or determine whether or not the driver has fallen asleep. 
     The microcomputer  12051  can compute a control target value for the driving force generation device, the steering mechanism, or the braking device on the basis of information acquired from the inside or outside of the vehicle by the outside-of-vehicle information detection unit  12030  or the in-vehicle information detection unit  12040 , and output a control command to the drive system control unit  12010 . For example, the microcomputer  12051  can perform cooperative control for the purpose of implementing functions of an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation of the vehicle, follow-up traveling based on an inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintaining traveling, vehicle collision warning, vehicle lane departure warning, or the like. 
     Furthermore, the microcomputer  12051  can perform cooperative control for the purpose of automated driving that allows for autonomous traveling without depending on a driver&#39;s operation or the like by controlling the driving force generation device, the steering mechanism, the braking device, or the like on the basis of information acquired from the surroundings of the vehicle by the outside-of-vehicle information detection unit  12030  or the in-vehicle information detection unit  12040 . 
     Furthermore, the microcomputer  12051  can output a control command to the body system control unit  12020  on the basis of information outside of the vehicle acquired by the outside-of-vehicle information detection unit  12030 . For example, the microcomputer  12051  can perform cooperative control for the purpose of preventing glare, for example, controlling the head lamp to switch from high beam to low beam in accordance with the position of a preceding car or an oncoming car detected by the outside-of-vehicle information detection unit  12030 . 
     The audio/image output unit  12052  transmits at least one of an audio output signal or an image output signal to an output device capable of visually or aurally notifying an occupant in the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle of information. In the example in  FIG. 71 , an audio speaker  12061 , a display unit  12062 , and an instrument panel  12063  are illustrated as the output device. The display unit  12062  may include, for example, at least one of an on-board display or a head-up display. 
       FIG. 72  is a diagram illustrating an example of an installation position of the imaging unit  12031 . 
     In  FIG. 72 , a vehicle  12100  includes imaging units  12101 ,  12102 ,  12103 ,  12104 , and  12105  as the imaging unit  12031 . 
     The imaging units  12101 ,  12102 ,  12103 ,  12104 , and  12105  are provided at, for example, a front nose, a side mirror, a rear bumper, a back door, and the top of a windshield in a vehicle interior of the vehicle  12100 . The imaging unit  12101  disposed at the front nose and the imaging unit  12105  disposed at the top of the windshield in the vehicle interior mainly acquire an image in front of the vehicle  12100 . The imaging units  12102  and  12103  disposed at the side mirrors mainly acquire images of side views from the vehicle  12100 . The imaging unit  12104  disposed at the rear bumper or the back door mainly acquires an image behind the vehicle  12100 . The front images acquired by the imaging units  12101  and  12105  are mainly used for detecting a preceding vehicle, a pedestrian, an obstacle, a traffic light, a traffic sign, a lane, or the like. 
     Note that  FIG. 72  illustrates an example of imaging ranges of the imaging units  12101  to  12104 . An imaging range  12111  indicates an imaging range of the imaging unit  12101  provided at the front nose, imaging ranges  12112  and  12113  respectively indicate imaging ranges of the imaging units  12102  and  12103  provided at the side mirrors, and an imaging range  12114  indicates an imaging range of the imaging unit  12104  provided at the rear bumper or the back door. For example, a bird&#39;s-eye view image of the vehicle  12100  viewed from above can be obtained by superimposing pieces of image data captured by the imaging units  12101  to  12104 . 
     At least one of the imaging units  12101  to  12104  may have a function of acquiring distance information. For example, at least one of the imaging units  12101  to  12104  may be a stereo camera including a plurality of imaging elements, or may be an imaging element having pixels for phase difference detection. 
     For example, the microcomputer  12051  obtains a distance to each three-dimensional object in the imaging ranges  12111  to  12114  and a temporal change of the distance (relative speed with respect to the vehicle  12100 ) on the basis of the distance information obtained from the imaging units  12101  to  12104 , thereby extracting, as a preceding car, a three-dimensional object traveling at a predetermined speed (e.g., 0 km/h or more) in substantially the same direction as the vehicle  12100 , in particular, the closest three-dimensional object on a traveling path of the vehicle  12100 . Moreover, the microcomputer  12051  can set an inter-vehicle distance behind the preceding car to be secured in advance, and can perform automatic brake control (including follow-up stop control), automatic acceleration control (including follow-up start control), and the like. As described above, it is possible to perform cooperative control for the purpose of automated driving that allows for autonomous traveling without depending on a driver&#39;s operation or the like. 
     For example, on the basis of the distance information obtained from the imaging units  12101  to  12104 , the microcomputer  12051  can extract from and classify three-dimensional object data regarding three-dimensional objects into two-wheeled vehicles, ordinary vehicles, large-sized vehicles, pedestrians, utility poles, and other three-dimensional objects, for use in automatic avoidance of obstacles. For example, the microcomputer  12051  identifies obstacles around the vehicle  12100  as obstacles that can be visually recognized by a driver of the vehicle  12100  and obstacles that are difficult to visually recognize. Then, the microcomputer  12051  determines a collision risk indicating a risk of collision with each obstacle. In a case where the collision risk is a set value or more and there is a possibility of collision, the microcomputer  12051  can perform driving assistance for collision avoidance by outputting an alarm to the driver via the audio speaker  12061  or the display unit  12062  or performing forced deceleration or avoidance steering via the drive system control unit  12010 . 
     At least one of the imaging units  12101  to  12104  may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays. For example, the microcomputer  12051  can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not there is a pedestrian in images captured by the imaging units  12101  to  12104 . Such pedestrian recognition is performed by, for example, a procedure of extracting feature points in the images captured by the imaging units  12101  to  12104  as infrared cameras and a procedure of performing pattern matching processing on a series of feature points indicating an outline of an object and determining whether or not the object is a pedestrian. In a case where the microcomputer  12051  determines that there is a pedestrian in the images captured by the imaging units  12101  to  12104  and recognizes the pedestrian, the audio/image output unit  12052  controls the display unit  12062  to superimpose and display a bounding box for highlighting the recognized pedestrian. Furthermore, the audio/image output unit  12052  may control the display unit  12062  to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position. 
     The example of the vehicle control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied has been described above. The technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to, for example, the imaging unit  12031  among the configurations described above. Specifically, for example, the imaging device  1  in  FIGS. 1, 9 , and the like can be used for the imaging unit  12031 . By applying the technology according to the present disclosure to the imaging unit  12031 , it is possible to achieve downsizing and reduction in height of the device configuration, and to prevent occurrence of flare and ghosts attributable to internal diffuse reflection. 
     Note that the effects described in the present specification are merely examples and are not restrictive, and effects other than those described in the present specification may be obtained. 
     Note that the present technology can be configured as described below. 
     (1) 
     An imaging device including: 
     a solid-state imaging element including a laminate substrate in which a first substrate and a second substrate are laminated; 
     a glass substrate positioned above the first substrate; and 
     a lens formed on the glass substrate, 
     in which 
     a cavity is provided between the lens and the solid-state imaging element. 
     (2) 
     The imaging device according to (1), in which 
     the lens is formed to have a maximal thickness larger than a thickness of the glass substrate, and a minimum thickness smaller than the thickness of the glass substrate. 
     (3) 
     The imaging device according to (1) or (2), in which 
     the cavity is sealed with a material different from a material of the lens. 
     (4) 
     The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (3), in which 
     an antireflection film is formed on at least a part of an interface with the cavity. 
     (5) 
     The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (4), in which 
     the glass substrate has a configuration in which a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate are bonded together. 
     (6) 
     The imaging device according to (5), in which 
     the cavity is formed between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate. 
     (7) 
     The imaging device according to (6), in which 
     the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate are bonded together via an antireflection film. 
     (8) 
     The imaging device according to (6), in which 
     the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate are directly bonded together by thermal fusion. 
     (9) 
     The imaging device according to (6), in which 
     the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate are bonded together via a sealing film. 
     (10) 
     The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (4), in which 
     the cavity is formed between the glass substrate and a flattening film covering an on-chip lens of the solid-state imaging element. 
     (11) 
     The imaging device according to (10), in which 
     the cavity is sealed with the glass substrate and the flattening film. 
     (12) 
     The imaging device according to (10), in which 
     the cavity is sealed with a vertical direction of the cavity surrounded by the glass substrate and the flattening film, and a planar direction of the cavity surrounded by a sealing film. 
     (13) 
     The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (4), in which 
     the cavity is formed between the glass substrate and an on-chip lens of the solid-state imaging element. 
     (14) 
     The imaging device according to (13), in which 
     the cavity is sealed with a planar direction of the cavity surrounded by the glass substrate. 
     (15) 
     The imaging device according to (13), in which 
     the cavity is sealed with a planar direction of the cavity surrounded by a sealing film. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
           1  Imaging device 
           10  Integrated component 
           11  Solid-state imaging element (having a CPS structure) 
           11   a  Lower substrate (logic substrate) 
         lib Upper substrate (pixel sensor substrate) 
           11   c  Color filter 
           11   d  On-chip lens 
           12  Glass substrate 
           13  Adhesive 
           14  IRCF (infrared cut filter) 
           14 ′ IRCF glass substrate 
           15  Adhesive 
           16  Lens group 
           17  Circuit board 
           18  Actuator 
           19  Connector 
           20  Spacer 
           171  Lens group 
           231  Glass substrate 
           231   a  Protrusion 
           231   b  Cavity 
           271  Lens 
           271   a  AR coat 
           291  Lens 
           291   a  Antireflection treated portion 
           301  Infrared light cut lens 
           321  Glass substrate 
           401  Lens 
           601  Glass substrate 
           601   a  First glass substrate 
           601   b ,  601   b ′ Second glass substrate 
           611   a  Protrusion 
           612  Cavity 
           621 ,  622  AR coat 
           641  Sealing film 
           652  Adhesive