Patent Publication Number: US-2018048178-A1

Title: System and methods of using electromagnetic waves to wirelessly deliver power to electronic devices

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of the following applications: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/926,055, filed Jun. 25, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/585,484, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/926,055, filed Jun. 25, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/585,506, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/926,055, filed Jun. 25, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/585,387, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/939,506, filed on Jul. 11, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/585,370, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/939,655, filed on Jul. 11, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/732,140, filed Jun. 5, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/939,655, filed Jul. 11, 2014; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/585,324, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/946,128, filed on Jul. 19, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/585,362, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/950,536, filed on Jul. 25, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/586,137, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/026,747, filed on Sep. 13, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/586,266, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/026,852, filed on Sep. 13, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/586,539, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/027,446, filed on Sep. 16, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/586,603, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/027,468, filed on Sep. 16, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/051,054, filed Oct. 10, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/586,160, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/051,054, filed Oct. 10, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/585,797, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 61/978,031, filed on Apr. 10, 2014, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/051,128, filed on Oct. 10, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/585,844, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 61/978,031, filed on Apr. 10, 2014, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/051,170, filed on Oct. 10, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/069,983, filed Nov. 1, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/586,197, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/069,983, filed Nov. 1, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/586,243, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/095,358, filed Dec. 3, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/586,370, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 61/978,031, filed on Apr. 10, 2014, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/103,528, filed on Dec. 11, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/586,400, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 61/978,031, filed on Apr. 10, 2014, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/104,503, filed on Dec. 12, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/010,127, filed Jan. 29, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/104,503, filed on Dec. 12, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/181,242, filed Jun. 13, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/586,448, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/330,926, filed on Jul. 14, 2014; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/585,585, filed Dec. 30, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 61/978,031, filed on Apr. 10, 2014, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/950,492, filed on Jul. 25, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/584,752, filed Dec. 29, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 61/978,031, filed on Apr. 10, 2014, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/950,492, filed on Jul. 25, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/584,800, filed Dec. 29, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 61/978,031, filed on Apr. 10, 2014, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/950,492, filed on Jul. 25, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/587,294, filed Dec. 31, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 61/978,031, filed on Apr. 10, 2014; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/587,308, filed Dec. 31, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 61/978,031, filed on Apr. 10, 2014; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/069,934, filed Nov. 1, 2013. Each of these applications is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The disclosed embodiments relate generally to wireless power transmission systems and, in particular, to wireless power transmitters, wireless power receivers, and other devices that are used in wireless power transmission systems to wirelessly deliver power to an electronic device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Portable electronic devices, such as laptop computers, mobile phones, tablets, and other electronic devices, require frequent charging of a power-storing component (e.g., a battery) to operate. Many electronic devices require charging one or more times per day. Often, charging an electronic device requires manually connecting an electronic device to an outlet or other power source using a wired charging cable. In some cases, the power-storing component is removed from an electronic device and inserted into charging equipment. Accordingly, charging is time consuming, burdensome, and inefficient because users must carry around multiple charging cables and/or other charging devices, and frequently must locate appropriate power sources to charge their electronic devices. Additionally, conventional charging techniques potentially deprive a user of the ability to use the device while it is charging, and/or require the user to remain next to a wall outlet or other power source to which their electronic device or other charging equipment is connected. 
     Some other conventional charging systems utilize inductive coils to generate a magnetic field that is used to charge a device. However, such inductive coupling has a limited short range, such as a few inches or less. Users typically must place the device at a specific position on a charging pad and are unable to move the device to different positions on the pad, without interrupting or terminating the charging of the device. This results in a frustrating experience for many users as they may be unable to locate the device at the exact right position on the pad to start charging their device. 
     SUMMARY 
     There is a need for systems and methods for wirelessly delivering power to electronic devices that address the drawbacks of conventional systems discussed above. 
     In some embodiments, a method of wirelessly transmitting power is provided. The method includes: (i) receiving, by a communications radio of a wireless power transmitter, a communication signal from a communications radio of a wireless power receiver, the communication signal including data used to determine a location of the wireless power receiver, and (ii) determining, by a processor of the wireless power transmitter, a location of the wireless power receiver based, at least in part, on the data included in the communication signal. The method further includes, in response to determining that the location of the wireless power receiver is within a wireless power transmission range defined by the transmitter, transmitting, by antennas of the wireless power transmitter, radio frequency (RF) power transmission waves towards the wireless power receiver, the RF power transmission waves converging to form controlled constructive interference patterns and destructive interference patterns in proximity to the location of the wireless power receiver, and the destructive interference patterns form a null space that surrounds the controlled constructive interference patterns and the controlled constructive interference patterns are received by an antenna of the wireless power receiver. 
     In accordance with some implementations, a wireless power transmitter includes one or more processors/cores, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors/cores and the one or more programs include instructions for performing the operations of the method described above (and/or any of the other methods described in more detail below). In accordance with some implementations, a computer-readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by one or more processors/cores of a wireless power transmitter, cause the wireless power transmitter to perform the operations of the method described above (and/or any of the other methods described in more detail below). 
     Note that the various embodiments described above can be combined with any other embodiments described herein. The features and advantages described in the specification are not all inclusive and, in particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       So that the present disclosure can be understood in greater detail, a more particular description may be had by reference to the features of various embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. The appended drawings, however, merely illustrate pertinent features of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting, for the description may admit to other effective features. 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing components of a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates steps of wireless power transmission, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates steps of powering a plurality of receiver devices, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates a wireless power transmission system used for charging or powering one or more electronic devices inside a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates a wireless power transmission system used for charging or powering one or more electronic devices inside a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates a wireless power transmission system used for charging or powering one or more electronic devices inside a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4D  is a flow diagram of wirelessly charging or powering one or more electronic devices inside a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5A  illustrates a wireless power transmission system used for providing power to sensors on a bottom portion of a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5B  illustrates a wireless power transmission system used for providing power to sensors located in an engine compartment of a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5C  illustrates a wireless power transmission system used for providing power to sensors located in a passenger compartment of a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5D  illustrates a wireless power transmission system used for providing power to devices located in a passenger compartment of a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6C  illustrate wireless power transmission systems, including a toolbox with an embedded transmitter, used for providing power to cordless power tools, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6D  is a flow diagram of wirelessly charging or powering one or more cordless power tools, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7A  illustrates a wireless power transmission system having a transmitter attached to a mast of a rescue vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7B  illustrates a rescue vehicle with a transmitter operating in a disaster zone, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8A  illustrates an example multi-mode transmitter, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8B  illustrates a multi-mode transmitter defining a pocket of energy and providing a network signal, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8C  is a block diagram of an example multi-mode transmitter. 
         FIG. 9A  illustrates a transmitter having a screw cap for power coupling, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 9B  illustrates a transmitter having bare wires for power coupling, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 9C  illustrates a transmitter having a power plug for power coupling, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 10A-10C  illustrate wireless power transmission systems used in military applications, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 11A  illustrates a law enforcement officer wearing a uniform with an integrated wireless power receiver, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 11B-11D  illustrate wireless power transmitters integrated with various types of mobile law enforcement equipment (e.g., a police squad car and a SWAT team vehicle) for use in conjunction with law enforcement operations, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 12A-12D  illustrate tracking systems that upload to a cloud-based service for use in conjunction with wireless power transmission systems, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 13A-13D  illustrate various renewable energy sources for use in conjunction with wireless power transmission systems, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 14A-14B  illustrate wireless power transmission systems used in logistic services, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 15A  illustrates a wireless power transmission system used for charging one or more peripheral devices via a transmitter associated with a laptop computer, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 15B  is an exploded view of a laptop screen, showing components including an embedded wireless power transmitter, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 15C  is an exploded view of a laptop screen, showing components including an embedded wireless power transmitter and an embedded wireless power receiver, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 15D  illustrates a wireless power transmission system in which a laptop computer may receive and transmit radio frequency waves in a substantially simultaneous fashion, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 15E  is a flow diagram of a wireless power transmission process that may be implemented for charging one or more peripheral devices using a laptop computer, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 16A-16B  are illustrations of game controllers that are coupled with wireless power receivers, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 16C-16G  illustrate various wireless power transmission systems in which power is wirelessly delivered to electronic devices, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 16H  illustrates an improved roll-able electronic paper display used to explain certain advantages of wireless power transmission systems, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 17A-17G  illustrate various articles (e.g., heating blanket, heating sock, heating glove, warming jacket, shirt, cap, and cooling shirt) with embedded wireless power receivers, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 18A-18B  are illustrations of medical devices with wireless power receivers coupled thereto, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 18C-18E  are illustrations of wireless power transmission systems for wirelessly delivering power to medical devices, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 19A  is an illustration of a house configured with a number of wireless power transmitters and receivers, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 19B  is a flow diagram of a wireless power transmission process that may be implemented for charging one or more devices located within a house configured with a number of wireless power transmitters and receivers, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 20A  illustrates a system architecture for a wireless power network, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 20B  is a flow diagram for an off-premises alert method for wireless power receivers in a wireless power network, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 21A  illustrates a diagram of architecture for incorporating a transmitter into different devices, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 21B  illustrates an example embodiment of a television (TV) system outputting wireless power, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 21C  illustrates an example embodiment of an internal structure of a TV system, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 21D  illustrates an example embodiment of a tile architecture, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 22-24  illustrate transmitters integrated with various devices, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     In accordance with common practice, the various features illustrated in the drawings may not be drawn to scale. Accordingly, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity. In addition, some of the drawings may not depict all of the components of a given system, method or device. Finally, like reference numerals may be used to denote like features throughout the specification and figures. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Numerous details are described herein in order to provide a thorough understanding of the example embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, some embodiments may be practiced without many of the specific details, and the scope of the claims is only limited by those features and aspects specifically recited in the claims. Furthermore, well-known processes, components, and materials have not been described in exhaustive detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure pertinent aspects of the embodiments described herein. 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of components of wireless power transmission environment  100 , in accordance with some embodiments. Wireless power transmission environment  100  includes, for example, transmitters  102  (e.g., transmitters  102   a ,  102   b  . . .  102   n ) and one or more receivers  120  (e.g., receivers  120   a ,  120   b    120   n ). In some embodiments, each respective wireless power transmission environment  100  includes a number of receivers  120 , each of which is associated with a respective electronic device  122 . 
     An example transmitter  102  (e.g., transmitter  102   a ) includes, for example, one or more processor(s)  104 , a memory  106 , one or more antenna arrays  110 , one or more communications components  112  (also referred to herein as a communications radio), and/or one or more transmitter sensors  114 . In some embodiments, these components are interconnected by way of a communications bus  108 . References to these components of transmitters  102  cover embodiments in which one or more of these components (and combinations thereof) are included. 
     In some embodiments, the memory  106  stores one or more programs (e.g., sets of instructions) and/or data structures, collectively referred to as “modules  107 ” herein. In some embodiments, the memory  106 , or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of the memory  106  stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset or superset thereof:
         information received from receiver  120  (e.g., generated by receiver sensor  128  and then transmitted to the transmitter  102   a );   information received from transmitter sensor  114 ;   an adaptive pocket-forming module that adjusts one or more power waves transmitted by one or more transmitters  102 ; and/or   a beacon transmitting module that transmits a communication signal  118  for detecting a receiver  120  (e.g., within a transmission field of the transmitter  102 ).       

     The above-identified modules (e.g., data structures and/or programs including sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, the memory  106  stores a subset of the modules identified above. In some embodiments, an external mapping memory  132  that is communicatively connected to communications component  112  stores one or more modules identified above. Furthermore, the memory  106  and/or external mapping memory  132  may store additional modules not described above. In some embodiments, the modules stored in the memory  106 , or a non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory  106 , provide instructions for implementing respective operations in the methods described below. In some embodiments, some or all of these modules may be implemented with specialized hardware circuits that subsume part or all of the module functionality. One or more of the above-identified elements may be executed by one or more of processor(s)  104 . In some embodiments, one or more of the modules described with regard to the memory  106  is implemented on the memory  104  of a server (not shown) that is communicatively coupled to one or more transmitters  102  and/or by a memory of electronic device  122  and/or receiver  120 . 
     In some embodiments, a single processor  104  (e.g., processor  104  of transmitter  102   a ) executes software modules for controlling multiple transmitters  102  (e.g., transmitters  102   b  . . .  102   n ). In some embodiments, a single transmitter  102  (e.g., transmitter  102   a ) includes multiple processors  104 , such as one or more transmitter processors (configured to, e.g., control transmission of signals  116  by antenna array  110 ), one or more communications component processors (configured to, e.g., control communications transmitted by communications component  112  and/or receive communications by way of communications component  112 ) and/or one or more sensor processors (configured to, e.g., control operation of transmitter sensor  114  and/or receive output from transmitter sensor  114 ). 
     Wireless power receiver  120  (also referred to as a receiver  120 , e.g., a receiver of electronic device  122 ) receives power transmission signals  116  and/or communications  118  transmitted by transmitters  102 . In some embodiments, receiver  120  includes one or more antennas  124  (e.g., an antenna array including multiple antenna elements), power converter  126 , receiver sensor  128 , and/or other components or circuitry (e.g., processor(s)  140 , memory  142 , and/or communication component(s)  144 ). In some embodiments, these components are interconnected by way of a communications bus  146 . References to these components of receiver  120  cover embodiments in which one or more of these components (and combinations thereof) are included. 
     Receiver  120  converts energy from received signals  116  (also referred to herein as RF power transmission signals, or simply, RF signals, RF waves, power waves, or power transmission signals) into electrical energy to power and/or charge electronic device  122 . For example, receiver  120  uses power converter  126  to convert captured energy from power waves  116  to alternating current (AC) electricity or direct current (DC) electricity usable to power and/or charge electronic device  122 . Non-limiting examples of power converter  126  include rectifiers, rectifying circuits, voltage conditioners, among suitable circuitry and devices. 
     In some embodiments, receiver  120  is a standalone device that is detachably coupled to one or more electronic devices  122 . For example, electronic device  122  has processor(s)  132  for controlling one or more functions of electronic device  122 , and receiver  120  has processor(s)  140  for controlling one or more functions of receiver  120 . 
     In some embodiments, receiver  120  is a component of electronic device  122 . For example, processor(s)  132  controls functions of electronic device  122  and receiver  120 . In addition, in some embodiments, receiver  120  includes processor(s)  140 , which communicate(s) with processor(s)  132  of the electronic device  122 . 
     In some embodiments, electronic device  122  includes processor(s)  132 , memory  134 , communication component(s)  136 , and/or battery/batteries  130 . In some embodiments, these components are interconnected by way of a communications bus  138 . In some embodiments, communications between electronic device  122  and receiver  120  occur via communications component(s)  136  and/or  144 . In some embodiments, communications between electronic device  122  and receiver  120  occur via a wired connection between communications bus  138  and communications bus  146 . In some embodiments, electronic device  122  and receiver  120  share a single communications bus. 
     In some embodiments, receiver  120  receives one or more power waves  116  directly from transmitter  102  (e.g., via one or more antennas  124 ). In some embodiments, receiver  120  harvests power waves from one or more pockets of energy created by one or more power waves  116  transmitted by transmitter  102 . In some embodiments, the transmitter  102  is a near-field transmitter that transmits the one or more power waves  116  within a near-field distance (e.g., less than approximately six inches away from the transmitter  102 ). In some embodiments, the transmitter  102  is a far-field transmitter that transmits the one or more power waves  116  within a far-field distance (e.g., more than approximately six inches to approximately fifteen feet or more away from the transmitter  102 ). 
     In some embodiments, after the power waves  116  are received and/or energy is harvested from a pocket of energy, circuitry (e.g., integrated circuits, amplifiers, rectifiers, and/or voltage conditioner) of the receiver  120  converts the energy of the power waves (e.g., radio frequency electromagnetic radiation) to usable power (i.e., electricity), which powers electronic device  122  and/or is stored to battery  130  of electronic device  122 . In some embodiments, a rectifying circuit of the receiver  120  translates the electrical energy from AC to DC for use by electronic device  122 . In some embodiments, a voltage conditioning circuit increases or decreases the voltage of the electrical energy as required by the electronic device  122 . In some embodiments, an electrical relay conveys electrical energy from the receiver  120  to the electronic device  122 . 
     In some embodiments, electronic device  122  obtains power from multiple transmitters  102  and/or using multiple receivers  120 . In some embodiments, the wireless power transmission environment  100  includes a plurality of electronic devices  122 , each having at least one respective receiver  120  that is used to harvest power waves from the transmitters  102  into usable power for charging the electronic devices  122 . 
     In some embodiments, the one or more transmitters  102  adjust one or more characteristics (e.g., waveform characteristics, such as phase, gain, direction, amplitude, polarization, and/or frequency) of power waves  116 . For example, a transmitter  102  selects a subset of one or more antenna elements of antenna array  110  to initiate transmission of power waves  116 , cease transmission of power waves  116 , and/or adjust one or more characteristics used to transmit power waves  116 . In some embodiments, the one or more transmitters  102  adjust power waves  116  such that trajectories of power waves  116  converge at a predetermined location within a transmission field (e.g., a location or region in space), resulting in controlled constructive or destructive interference patterns. The transmitter  102  may adjust sets of characteristics for transmitting the power waves  116  to account for changes at the wireless power receiver that may negatively impact transmission of the power waves  116 . 
     In some embodiments, respective antenna arrays  110  of the one or more transmitters  102  may include antennas having one or more polarizations. For example, a respective antenna array  110  may include vertical or horizontal polarization, right hand or left hand circular polarization, elliptical polarization, or other polarizations, as well as any number of polarization combinations. In some embodiments, antenna array  110  is capable of dynamically varying the antenna polarization (or any other characteristic) to optimize wireless power transmission. 
     In some embodiments, respective antenna arrays  110  of the one or more transmitters  102  may include a set of one or more antennas configured to transmit the power waves  116  into respective transmission fields of the one or more transmitters  102 . Integrated circuits (not shown) of the respective transmitter  102 , such as a controller circuit (e.g., a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)) and/or waveform generator, may control the behavior of the antennas. For example, based on the information received from the receiver by way of the communication signal  118 , a controller circuit (e.g., processor  104  of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) may determine a set of one or more waveform characteristics (e.g., amplitude, frequency, trajectory, direction, phase, polarization, among other characteristics) used for transmitting the power waves  116  that would effectively provide power to the receiver  102  and electronic device  122 . The controller circuit may also identify a subset of antennas from the antenna arrays  110  that would be effective in transmitting the power waves  116 . In some embodiments, a waveform generator circuit (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) of the respective transmitter  102  coupled to the processor  104  may convert energy and generate the power waves  116  having the waveform characteristics identified by the processor  104 /controller circuit, and then provide the power waves to the antenna arrays  110  for transmission. 
     In some embodiments, constructive interference of power waves occurs when two or more power waves  116  (e.g., RF power transmission signals) are in phase with each other and converge into a combined wave such that an amplitude of the combined wave is greater than amplitude of a single one of the power waves. For example, the positive and negative peaks of sinusoidal waveforms arriving at a location from multiple antennas “add together” to create larger positive and negative peaks. In some embodiments, a pocket of energy is formed at a location in a transmission field where constructive interference of power waves occurs. 
     In some embodiments, destructive interference of power waves occurs when two or more power waves are out of phase and converge into a combined wave such that the amplitude of the combined wave is less than the amplitude of a single one of the power waves. For example, the power waves “cancel each other out,” thereby diminishing the amount of energy concentrated at a location in the transmission field. In some embodiments, destructive interference is used to generate a negligible amount of energy or “null” at a location within the transmission field where the power waves converge. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more transmitters  102  transmit power waves  116  that create two or more discrete transmission fields (e.g., overlapping and/or non-overlapping discrete transmission fields). In some embodiments, a first transmission field (i.e., an area of physical space into which a first set of power waves is transmitted) is managed by a first processor  104  of a first transmitter (e.g., transmitter  102   a ) and a second transmission field (i.e., another area of physical space into which a second set of power waves is transmitted) is managed by a second processor  104  of a second transmitter (e.g., transmitter  102   b ). In some embodiments, the two or more discrete transmission fields (e.g., overlapping and/or non-overlapping) are managed by the transmitter processors  104  as a single transmission field. Moreover, in some embodiments, a single processor  104  manages the first and second transmission fields. 
     In some embodiments, communications component  112  transmits communication signals  118  by way of a wired and/or wireless communication connection to receiver  120 . In some embodiments, communications component  112  generates communication signals  118  used for triangulation of receiver  120 . In some embodiments, communication signals  118  are used to convey information between transmitter  102  and receiver  120  for adjusting one or more characteristics used to transmit the power waves  116 . In some embodiments, communication signals  118  include information related to status, efficiency, user data, power consumption, billing, geo-location, and other types of information. 
     In some embodiments, communications component  112  transmits communication signals  118  to receiver  120  by way of the electronic device  122   a . For example, communications component  112  may convey information to communications component  136  of the electronic device  122   a , which the electronic device  122   a  may in turn convey to the receiver  120  (e.g., via bus  138 ). 
     In some embodiments, communications component  112  includes a communications component antenna for communicating with receiver  120  and/or other transmitters  102  (e.g., transmitters  102   b  through  102   n ). In some embodiments, these communication signals  118  are sent using a first channel (e.g., a first frequency band) that is independent and distinct from a second channel (e.g., a second frequency band distinct from the first frequency band) used for transmission of the power waves  116 . 
     In some embodiments, the receiver  120  includes a receiver-side communications component  144  (also referred to herein as a communications radio) configured to communicate various types of data with one or more of the transmitters  102 , through a respective communication signal  118  generated by the receiver-side communications component (in some embodiments, a respective communication signal  118  is referred to as an advertising signal). The data may include location indicators for the receiver  102  and/or electronic device  122 , a power status of the device  122 , status information for the receiver  102 , status information for the electronic device  122 , status information about the power waves  116 , and/or status information for pockets of energy. In other words, the receiver  120  may provide data to the transmitter  102 , by way of the communication signal  118 , regarding the current operation of the system  100 , including: information identifying a present location of the receiver  120  or the device  122 , an amount of energy (i.e., usable power) received by the receiver  120 , and an amount of usable power received and/or used by the electronic device  122 , among other possible data points containing other types of information. 
     In some embodiments, the data contained within communication signals  118  is used by electronic device  122 , receiver  120 , and/or transmitters  102  for determining adjustments of the one or more characteristics used by the antenna array  110  to transmit the power waves  116 . Using a communication signal  118 , the transmitter  102  communicates data that is used, e.g., to identify receivers  120  within a transmission field, identify electronic devices  122 , determine safe and effective waveform characteristics for power waves, and/or hone the placement of pockets of energy. In some embodiments, receiver  120  uses a communication signal  118  to communicate data for, e.g., alerting transmitters  102  that the receiver  120  has entered or is about to enter a transmission field, provide information about electronic device  122 , provide user information that corresponds to electronic device  122 , indicate the effectiveness of received power waves  116 , and/or provide updated characteristics or transmission parameters that the one or more transmitters  102  use to adjust transmission of the power waves  116 . 
     In some embodiments, transmitter sensor  114  and/or receiver sensor  128  detect and/or identify conditions of electronic device  122 , receiver  120 , transmitter  102 , and/or a transmission field. In some embodiments, data generated by transmitter sensor  114  and/or receiver sensor  128  is used by transmitter  102  to determine appropriate adjustments to the one or more characteristics used to transmit the power waves  106 . Data from transmitter sensor  114  and/or receiver sensor  128  received by transmitter  102  includes, e.g., raw sensor data and/or sensor data processed by a processor  104 , such as a sensor processor. Processed sensor data includes, e.g., determinations based upon sensor data output. In some embodiments, sensor data received from sensors that are external to the receiver  120  and the transmitters  102  is also used (such as thermal imaging data, information from optical sensors, and others). 
     In some embodiments, receiver sensor  128  is a gyroscope that provides raw data such as orientation data (e.g., tri-axial orientation data), and processing this raw data may include determining a location of receiver  120  and/or or a location of receiver antenna  124  using the orientation data. 
     In some embodiments, receiver sensor  128  includes one or more infrared sensors (e.g., that output thermal imaging information), and processing this infrared sensor data includes identifying a person (e.g., indicating presence of the person and/or indicating an identification of the person) or other sensitive object based upon the thermal imaging information. 
     In some embodiments, receiver sensor  128  includes a gyroscope and/or an accelerometer that indicates an orientation of receiver  120  and/or electronic device  122 . As one example, transmitters  102  receive orientation information from receiver sensor  128  and the transmitters  102  (or a component thereof, such as the processor  104 ) use the received orientation information to determine whether electronic device  122  is flat on a table, in motion, and/or in use (e.g., next to a user&#39;s head). 
     In some embodiments, receiver sensor  128  is a sensor of electronic device  122  (e.g., an electronic device  122  that is remote from receiver  102 ). In some embodiments, receiver  120  and/or electronic device  122  includes a communication system for transmitting signals (e.g., sensor signals output by receiver sensor  128 ) to transmitter  102 . 
     Non-limiting examples of transmitter sensor  114  and/or receiver sensor  128  include, e.g., infrared, pyroelectric, ultrasonic, laser, optical, Doppler, gyro, accelerometer, microwave, millimeter, RF standing-wave sensors, resonant LC sensors, capacitive sensors, and/or inductive sensors. In some embodiments, technologies for transmitter sensor  114  and/or receiver sensor  128  include binary sensors that acquire stereoscopic sensor data, such as the location of a human or other sensitive object. 
     In some embodiments, transmitter sensor  114  and/or receiver sensor  128  is configured for human recognition (e.g., capable of distinguishing between a person and other objects, such as furniture). Examples of sensor data output by human recognition-enabled sensors include: body temperature data, infrared range-finder data, motion data, activity recognition data, silhouette detection and recognition data, gesture data, heart rate data, portable devices data, and wearable device data (e.g., biometric readings and output, accelerometer data). 
     In some embodiments, transmitters  102  adjust one or more characteristics used to transmit the power waves  116  to ensure compliance with electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure protection standards for human subjects. Maximum exposure limits are defined by US and European standards in terms of power density limits and electric field limits (as well as magnetic field limits). These include, for example, limits established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for maximum permissible exposure (MPE), and limits established by European regulators for radiation exposure. Limits established by the FCC for MPE are codified at 47 C.F.R. § 1.1310. For electromagnetic field (EMF) frequencies in the microwave range, power density can be used to express an intensity of exposure. Power density is defined as power per unit area. For example, power density can be commonly expressed in terms of watts per square meter (W/m 2 ), milliwatts per square centimeter (mW/cm 2 ), or microwatts per square centimeter (μW/cm 2 ). In some embodiments, output from transmitter sensor  114  and/or receiver sensor  128  is used by transmitter  102  to detect whether a person or other sensitive object enters a power transmission region (e.g., a location within a predetermined distance of a transmitter  102 , power waves generated by transmitter  102 , and/or a pocket of energy). In some embodiments, in response to detecting that a person or other sensitive object has entered the power transmission region, the transmitter  102  adjusts one or more power waves  116  (e.g., by ceasing power wave transmission, reducing power wave transmission, and/or adjusting the one or more characteristics of the power waves). In some embodiments, in response to detecting that a person or other sensitive object has entered the power transmission region, the transmitter  102  activates an alarm (e.g., by transmitting a signal to a loudspeaker that is a component of transmitter  102  or to an alarm device that is remote from transmitter  102 ). In some embodiments, in response to detecting that a person or other sensitive object has entered a power transmission region, the transmitter  102  transmits a digital message to a system log or administrative computing device. These techniques for ensuring compliance with EMF exposure standards. 
     In some embodiments, antenna array  110  includes multiple antenna elements (e.g., configurable “tiles”) collectively forming an antenna array. Antenna array  110  generates power transmission signals, e.g., RF power waves, ultrasonic power waves, infrared power waves, and/or magnetic resonance power waves. In some embodiments, the antennas of an antenna array  110  (e.g., of a single transmitter, such as transmitter  102   a , and/or of multiple transmitters, such as transmitters  102   a ,  102   b , . . . ,  102   n ) transmit two or more power waves that intersect at a defined location (e.g., a location corresponding to a detected location of a receiver  120 ), thereby forming a pocket of energy (e.g., a concentration of energy) at the defined location. 
     In some embodiments, transmitter  102  assigns a first task to a first subset of antenna elements of antenna array  110 , a second task to a second subset of antenna elements of antenna array  110 , and so on, such that the constituent antennas of antenna array  110  perform different tasks (e.g., determining locations of previously undetected receivers  120  and/or transmitting power waves  116  to one or more receivers  120 ). As one example, in an antenna array  110  with ten antennas, nine antennas transmit power waves  116  that form a pocket of energy and the tenth antenna operates in conjunction with communications component  112  to identify new receivers in the transmission field. In another example, an antenna array  110  having ten antenna elements is split into two groups of five antenna elements, each of which transmits power waves  116  to two different receivers  120  in the transmission field. 
     Various embodiments of the transmitter  102  are illustrated and described herein. For example, an embodiment of the transmitter  102  is connected to a power source inside a vehicle (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 4A-4C  and described below), another embodiment of the transmitter  102  is embedded in a toolbox (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 6A-6B  and described below), and another embodiment of the transmitter  102  is placed on a police vehicle (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 11B-11D  and described below). 
     Various embodiments of the receiver  120  are also illustrated and described herein. For example, an embodiment of the receiver  120  is connected to a wireless power tool (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 6A-6C  and described below), another embodiment of the receiver  120  is embedded in a military uniform (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 10A-10B  and described below), and yet another embodiment of the receiver  120  is embedded in medical devices (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 18A-18C  and described below). 
       FIG. 2  provides an example flowchart of a process for wireless power transmission, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In a first step  201 , a transmitter  102  (TX) establishes a connection or otherwise associates with a receiver  120  (RX). That is, in some embodiments, transmitters and receivers may communicate with one another over a wireless communication protocol capable of transmitting information between two processors of electrical devices (e.g., BLUETOOTH, BLUETOOTH Low Energy (BLE), WI-FI, NFC, ZIGBEE). For example, in embodiments implementing BLUETOOTH or BLUETOOTH variants, the transmitter may scan for receivers broadcasting advertisement signals or a receiver may transmit an advertisement signal to the transmitter. The advertisement signal may announce the receiver&#39;s presence to the transmitter, and may trigger an association between the transmitter and the receiver. As described herein, in some embodiments, the advertisement signal may communicate information that may be used by various devices (e.g., transmitters, client devices, server computers, other receivers) to execute and manage pocket-forming procedures. Information contained within the advertisement signal may include a device identifier (e.g., MAC address, IP address, UUID), the voltage of electrical energy received, client device power consumption, and other types of data related to power transmission. The transmitter may use the advertisement signal transmitted to identify the receiver and, in some cases, locate the receiver in a two-dimensional space or in a three-dimensional space. Once the transmitter identifies the receiver, the transmitter may establish the connection associated in the transmitter with the receiver, allowing the transmitter and receiver to communicate control signals over a second channel. The advertising signal is an example of the communication signal  118  ( FIG. 1 ). 
     In a next step  203 , the transmitter may use the advertisement signal to determine waveform characteristics (discussed above) for transmitting the power transmission signals, to then establish the pockets of energy. The transmitter may use information contained in the receiver&#39;s advertisement signal, or in subsequent control/feedback signals received from the receiver, to determine how to produce and transmit the power transmission signals so that the receiver may receive the power transmission signals. In some cases, the transmitter may transmit power transmission signals in a way that establishes a pocket of energy, from which the receiver may harvest electrical energy. In some embodiments, the transmitter may include a processor  104  executing software modules capable of automatically identifying the power transmission signal features needed to establish a pocket of energy based on information received from the receiver, such as the voltage of the electrical energy harvested by the receiver from the power transmission signals. It should be appreciated that in some embodiments, the functions of the processor and/or the software modules may be implemented in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the advertisement signal or a subsequent signal transmitted by the receiver over a second communications channel may indicate one or more waveform characteristics (also referred to herein as power transmission signals features), which the transmitter may then use to produce and transmit power transmission signals to establish a pocket of energy. For example, in some cases the transmitter may automatically identify the phase and gain necessary for transmitting the power transmission signals based on the location of the device and the type of device or receiver; and, in some cases, the receiver may inform the transmitter of the phase and gain for effectively transmitting the power transmission signals. 
     In a next step  205 , after the transmitter determines the appropriate waveform characteristics to use when transmitting the power transmission signals, the transmitter may begin transmitting power transmission signals, over a separate channel from the signals (e.g., power waves  116  are distinct from the communication signals  118 ,  FIG. 1 ). Power transmission signals may be transmitted to establish a pocket of energy. The transmitter&#39;s antenna elements may transmit the power transmission signals such that the power transmission signals converge in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space around the receiver. The resulting field around the receiver forms a pocket of energy from which the receiver may harvest electrical energy. One antenna element may be used to transmit power transmission signals to establish two-dimensional energy transmissions; and in some cases, a second or additional antenna element may be used to transmit power transmission signals in order to establish a three-dimensional pocket of energy. In some cases, a plurality of antenna elements may be used to transmit power transmission signals in order to establish the pocket of energy. Moreover, in some cases, the plurality of antennas may include all of the antennas in the transmitter; and, in some cases, the plurality of antennas may include a number of the antennas in the transmitter, but fewer than all of the antennas of the transmitter. Various techniques for transmitting power transmission signals are discussed in further detail above with reference to  FIG. 1 . 
     As previously mentioned, the transmitter  102  may produce and transmit power transmission signals, according to a determined set of power transmission signal features. In some embodiments, the power transmission signals are produced and transmitted using an external power source and a local oscillator chip comprising a piezoelectric material. The transmitter may include a controller circuit (e.g., an RFIC) that controls production and transmission of the power transmission signals based on information related to power transmission and pocket-forming received from the receiver. This control data may be communicated over a different channel from the power transmission signals, using wireless communications protocols, such as BLE, NFC, or ZIGBEE®. The RFIC of the transmitter may automatically adjust the phase and/or relative magnitudes of the power transmission signals as needed. Pocket-forming is accomplished by the transmitter transmitting the power transmission signals in a manner that forms constructive interference patterns. 
     In a next step  207 , the receiver may harvest or otherwise receive electrical energy from the power transmission signals of a single beam or a pocket of energy. The receiver may include a rectifier and AC/DC converter (e.g., power converters  126 ,  FIG. 1 ), which may convert the electrical energy from AC current to DC current, and the rectifier of the receiver may then rectify the electrical energy, resulting in useable electrical energy for a client device associated with the receiver, such as a laptop computer, smartphone, battery, toy, or other electrical device. The receiver may utilize the pocket of energy produced by the transmitter during pocket-forming to charge or otherwise power the electronic device. Receiving the power transmission signals is discussed in further detail above with reference to  FIG. 1 . 
     In next step  210 , the receiver may generate data containing information indicating the effectiveness of the single beam or energy pockets providing the receiver power transmission signals. The receiver may then transmit control/feedback signals containing the data to the transmitter. The control/feedback signal is an example of the communication signals  118 . The control signals may be transmitted intermittently, depending on whether the transmitter and receiver are communicating synchronously (i.e., the transmitter is expecting to receive control data from the receiver). Additionally, the transmitter may continuously transmit the power transmission signals to the receiver, irrespective of whether the transmitter and receiver are communicating control signals. The data may contain information related to transmitting power transmission signals and/or establishing effective pockets of energy. Some of the information in the control data may inform the transmitter how to effectively produce and transmit, and in some cases adjust, the features of the power transmission signals. The control signals may be transmitted and received over a second channel, independent from the power transmission signals, using a wireless protocol capable of transmitting control data related to power transmission signals and/or pocket-forming, such as BLE, NFC, WI-FI, or the like. 
     As mentioned, the data may contain information indicating the effectiveness of the power transmission signals of the single beam or establishing the pocket of energy. The data may be generated by a processor of the receiver monitoring various aspects of the receiver and/or the client device associated with the receiver. The data may be based on various types of information, such as the voltage of electrical energy received from the power transmission signals, the quality of the power transmission signals reception, the quality of the battery charge or quality of the power reception, and location or motion of the receiver, among other types of information useful for adjusting the power transmission signals and/or pocket-forming. 
     In some embodiments, a receiver may determine the amount of power being received from power transmission signals transmitted from the transmitter and may then indicate that the transmitter should “split” or segment the power transmission signals into less-powerful power transmission signals. The less-powerful power transmission signals may be bounced off objects or walls nearby the device, thereby reducing the amount of power being transmitted directly from the transmitter to the receiver. 
     In a next step  211 , the transmitter may calibrate the antennas transmitting the power transmission signals, so that the antennas transmit power transmission signals having a more effective set of features (e.g., direction, phase, gain, amplitude). In some embodiments, a processor of the transmitter may automatically determine more effective features for producing and transmitting the power transmission signals based on the signal(s) received from the receiver. The transmitter may then automatically reconfigure the antennas to transmit recalibrated power transmission signals according to the newly determined more-effective features. For example, the processor of the transmitter may adjust gain and/or phase of the power transmission signals, among other features of power transmission feature, to adjust for a change in location of the receiver, after a user moved the receiver outside of the three-dimensional space where the pocket of energy is established. 
       FIG. 3  provides an example flowchart of a process for wirelessly powering a plurality of receivers, in accordance with some embodiments. For the sake of brevity, features already described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2  are not repeated here. 
     In a first step  301 , a transmitter  102  (TX) establishes a connection or otherwise associates with a receiver  120  (RX), as discussed above. The transmitter may scan for receivers broadcasting advertisement signals or a receiver may transmit an advertisement signal to the transmitter. The advertisement signal may announce the receiver&#39;s presence to the transmitter, and may trigger an association between the transmitter and the receiver. 
     Next, in step  303 , when the transmitter detects the advertisement signal, the transmitter may automatically form a communication connection with that receiver, which may allow the transmitter and receiver to communicate control signals and power transmission signals. The transmitter may then command that receiver to begin transmitting real-time sample data or other data. The transmitter may also begin transmitting power transmission signals from antennas of the transmitter&#39;s antenna array. 
     In a next step  305 , the receiver may then measure the voltage, among other metrics related to effectiveness of the power transmission signals, based on the electrical energy received by the receiver&#39;s antennas. The receiver may generate data containing the measured information, and then transmit control signals (e.g., communication signals  118 ,  FIG. 1 ) containing the data to the transmitter. For example, the receiver may sample the voltage measurements of received electrical energy, for example, at a rate of 100 times per second. The receiver may transmit the voltage sample measurement back to the transmitter, 100 times a second, in the form of control signals. 
     In a next step  307 , the transmitter may execute one or more software modules monitoring the metrics, such as voltage measurements, received from the receiver. Algorithms may vary production and transmission of power transmission signals by the transmitter&#39;s antennas, to maximize the effectiveness of the pockets of energy around the receiver. For example, the transmitter may adjust the phase at which the transmitter&#39;s antennas transmit the power transmission signals, until that power received by the receiver indicates establishment of a pocket of energy around the receiver. When an optimal configuration for the antennas is identified, memory  106  of the transmitter may store the configurations to keep the transmitter broadcasting at that highest level. 
     In a next step  309 , algorithms of the transmitter may determine when it is necessary to adjust the power transmission signals and may also vary the configuration of the transmit antennas, in response to determining such adjustments are necessary. For example, the transmitter may determine the power received at a receiver is less than maximal, based on the data received from the receiver. The transmitter may then automatically adjust the phase of the power transmission signals, but may also simultaneously continue to receive and monitor the voltage being reported back from receiver. 
     In a next step  311 , after a determined period of time for communicating with a particular receiver, the transmitter may scan and/or automatically detect advertisements from other receivers that may be in range of the transmitter. The transmitter may establish a connection to the second receiver responsive to, e.g., BLUETOOTH advertisements, from a second receiver. 
     In a next step  313 , after establishing a second communication connection with the second receiver, the transmitter may proceed to adjust one or more antennas in the transmitter&#39;s antenna array. In some embodiments, the transmitter may identify a subset of antennas to service the second receiver, thereby parsing the array into subsets of arrays that are associated with a respective receiver. In some embodiments, the entire antenna array may service a first receiver for a given period of time, and then the entire array may service the second receiver for that period of time. 
     Manual or automated processes performed by the transmitter may select a subset of arrays to service the second receiver. In this example, the transmitter&#39;s array may be split in half, forming two subsets. As a result, half of the antennas may be configured to transmit power transmission signals to the first receiver, and half of the antennas may be configured for the second receiver. In the current step  313 , the transmitter may apply similar techniques discussed above to configure or optimize the subset of antennas for the second receiver. While selecting a subset of an array for transmitting power transmission signals, the transmitter and second receiver may be transmitting and receiving data. As a result, by the time that the transmitter alternates back to communicating with the first receiver and/or scan for new receivers, the transmitter has already received a sufficient amount of sample data to adjust the phases of the waves transmitted by the second subset of the transmitter&#39;s antenna array to transmit power transmission waves to the second receiver effectively. 
     In a next step  315 , after adjusting the second subset to transmit power transmission signals to the second receiver, the transmitter may alternate back to communicating data with the first receiver, or scanning for additional receivers. The transmitter may reconfigure the antennas of the first subset, and then alternate between the first and second receivers at a predetermined interval. 
     In a next step  317 , the transmitter may continue to alternate between receivers and scanning for new receivers, at a predetermined interval. As each new receiver is detected, the transmitter may establish a connection and begin transmitting power transmission signals, accordingly. 
     In one example embodiment, the receiver may be electrically connected to a device like a smart phone. The transmitter&#39;s processor would scan for any BLUETOOTH devices. The receiver may begin advertising that it&#39;s a BLUETOOTH device through the BLUETOOTH chip (e.g., broadcasting advertising signals). The advertising signal may include unique identifiers so that the transmitter, when it scanned that advertisement, could distinguish that advertisement and ultimately that receiver from all the other BLUETOOTH devices nearby within range. When the transmitter detects that advertisement and notices it is a receiver, then the transmitter may immediately form a communication connection with that receiver and command that receiver to begin sending real time sample data. 
     The receiver would then measure the voltage at its receiving antennas, and send that voltage sample measurement back to the transmitter (e.g., 100 times a second). The transmitter may start to vary the configuration of the transmit antennas by adjusting the phase. As the transmitter adjusts the phase, the transmitter monitors the voltage being sent back from the receiver. In some implementations, the higher the voltage, the more energy may be in the pocket. The antenna phases may be altered until the voltage is at the highest level and there is a maximum pocket of energy around the receiver. The transmitter may keep the antennas at the particular phase so the voltage is at the highest level. 
     The transmitter may vary each individual antenna, one at a time. For example, if there are 32 antennas in the transmitter, and each antenna has 8 phases, the transmitter may begin with the first antenna and would step the first antenna through all 8 phases. The receiver may then send back the power level for each of the 8 phases of the first antenna. The transmitter may then store the highest phase for the first antenna. The transmitter may repeat this process for the second antenna, and step it through 8 phases. The receiver may again send back the power levels from each phase, and the transmitter may store the highest level. Next the transmitter may repeat the process for the third antenna and continue to repeat the process until all 32 antennas have stepped through the 8 phases. At the end of the process, the transmitter may transmit the maximum voltage in the most efficient manner to the receiver. 
     In another example embodiment, the transmitter may detect a second receiver&#39;s advertisement and form a communication connection with the second receiver. When the transmitter forms the communication with the second receiver, the transmitter may aim the original 32 antennas towards the second receiver and repeat the phase process for each of the 32 antennas aimed at the second receiver. Once the process is completed, the second receiver may receive as much power as possible from the transmitter. The transmitter may communicate with the second receiver for a period of time (e.g., a second), and then alternate back to the first receiver for a period of time (e.g., a second), and the transmitter may continue to alternate back and forth between the first receiver and the second receiver at the time period intervals. 
     In yet another implementation, the transmitter may detect a second receiver&#39;s advertisement and form a communication connection with the second receiver. First, the transmitter may communicate with the first receiver and re-assign half of the example 32 the antennas aimed at the first receiver, dedicating only 16 towards the first receiver. The transmitter may then assign the second half of the antennas to the second receiver, dedicating 16 antennas to the second receiver. The transmitter may adjust the phases for the second half of the antennas. Once the 16 antennas have gone through each of the 8 phases, the second receiver may be receiving the maximum voltage in the most efficient manner. 
       FIGS. 4A-4D  illustrate in-vehicle wireless power transmission systems, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4A , a wireless power transmitter system  400  can be implemented in order to charge or power one or more electronic devices  401  (e.g., an embodiment of the electronic device  122 ,  FIG. 1 ) inside a vehicle. According to some aspects of this embodiment, transmitter  102  can be configured within a cylindrical shape, exhibiting a longitude between about 2 and 3 inches, and a diameter ranging from about 0.5 inch to about 1 inch. As illustrated in close-up view  402 , transmitter  102  can include a suitable connector  404  with pins  406  that can be inserted into car lighter socket  408  for powering transmitter  102 . Transmitter  102  can function as a standalone, self-contained device that can integrate circuitry module  414  and antenna array  412  (e.g., an embodiment of the antenna array  110 ,  FIG. 1 ), along with connector  404  and pins  406 . 
     Car lighter socket  408  can supply 12 or 24 DC volts for powering transmitter  102 , which may be sufficient power for most portable electronic devices  401  such as smartphones, DVD players, portable gaming systems, tablets, laptops computers, and the like. In some embodiments, circuitry module  414  of transmitter  102  can include a DC-to-DC converter or a DC-to-AC converter, depending on the electrical charging requirements of electronic device  401 . Yet in other embodiments, circuitry module  414  can include a switchable power converter that can be configured according to the charging requirements of electronic device  401 . 
     Operation of transmitter  102  in  FIG. 4A  can be driven by a power source, in this case, car lighter socket  308 . Transmitter  102  can use communication component  112  (not shown in  FIG. 4A ) in circuitry module  414  to locate a receiver  120  (not shown in  FIG. 4A ) embedded in electronic device  401 . Processor(s)  104  (not shown in  FIG. 4A ) which may be included in circuitry module  414  of the transmitter  102  may determine the optimum path for the generation of pocket-forming, according to the location of electronic device  401  within the vehicle. As depicted in  FIG. 4A , electronic device  401  can be located in the passenger seat, right beside the driver seat. Processors  104  may communicate with a radio frequency integrated circuit in circuitry module  414  so as to control the generation and transmission of RF waves  116  through antenna array  412  which may include two or more antenna elements. Transmission of RF waves  116  can be aimed at electronic device  401  in the passenger seat for the generation of pocket-forming suitable for charging or powering electronic device  401 . 
     The wireless power transmission system  400  can also be used for powering or charging an electronic device  401  located in the backseats of the vehicle, or any other locations inside vehicle. In this case, transmitter  102  can use any suitable reflecting surface of the vehicle, preferably metallic, in order to transmit RF waves  116  and redirect the formation of pockets of energy towards electronic device  401 , with minimal or no power loss. For example, transmitter  102  can use the vehicle ceiling to bounce off transmitted RF waves  116  towards electronic device  401  for the generation of pockets of energy capable of providing suitable charging or powering to electronic device  401 . 
     In some embodiments, the wireless power transmission  400  powers or charges two or more electronic devices  401  inside vehicle, where transmitter  102  can be capable of producing multiple pocket forming. In such case, transmitter  102  can generate multiple RF waves  116  directly aimed at or reflected towards electronic devices  401  through the use of suitable reflecting surfaces of the vehicle, thereby powering or charging one or more electronic devices  401  at the same time. 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates a wireless power transmission system  420  where transmitter  102  includes a cable  422  for positioning antenna array  412  in different areas inside a vehicle. As seen in close-up view  421 , transmitter  102 , through the use of connector  404  and pins  406 , can be connected to car lighter socket  408  to receive power necessary for operation. According to some aspects of this embodiment, circuitry module  414  of transmitter  102  can be operatively coupled with car lighter socket  408 , while antenna array  412  can be operatively connected with circuitry module  414  through cable  422 , thereby allowing antenna array  412  to be separately positioned across vehicle, as required by the application or according to the relative position of one or more electronic devices  401 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 4B , cable  422  can be run from circuitry module  414  to antenna array  412  which can be slipped in one of the vehicle&#39;s sun visor  424 . In this way, antenna array  412  can emit RF waves  116  from a high-up position down to one or more electronic devices  401  for the generation of pockets of energy that may provide suitable charging or powering. This configuration may be particularly beneficial for charging or powering electronic devices  401  in the vehicle&#39;s backseats. 
     Antenna array  412  in  FIG. 4B  can exhibit a flat rectangular shape, with dimensions between about 4×2 inches to about 8×4 inches, depending on the number and configuration of antenna elements  412 . Cable  422  can include a suitable conductor covered by an insulating material, it may be flexible and may exhibit a suitable length as required by the application. Preferably, cable  422  can be positioned between circuitry module  414  of transmitter  102  and antenna array  412  in such a way as to not obstruct the visibility of the windshield, as illustrated in  FIG. 4B . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4C , a wireless power transmission system  430  includes a transmitter  102  with its circuitry module  414  connected to car lighter socket  408 , while its antenna array  412  can be positioned on the vehicle&#39;s floor  432 . Similarly as in  FIG. 4B , antenna array  412  may exhibit a flat rectangular shape with dimensions between about 4×2 inches to about 8×4 inches, depending on the number and configuration of antenna elements. According to some aspects of this embodiment, antenna array  412  can be covered by the vehicle floor mats (not shown in  FIG. 4C ), where this antenna array  412  can emit RF waves  116  from the bottom of the vehicle floor  432  upwards to one or more electronic devices  401  that may be positioned in the passenger seat, as illustrated in  FIG. 4C , or in any another suitable location within the vehicle. 
     Similarly as in  FIG. 4B , cable  422  can operatively connect circuitry module  414  (not shown in  FIG. 4C ) to antenna array  412  for the transmission of RF waves  116  that may produce pockets of energy suitable for charging or powering one or more electronic devices  401  inside the vehicle. In this particular embodiment, antenna array  412  may include a suitable combination of flexible and conducting materials that may allow transmission of RF waves  116 , while avoiding fractures or breakdown when a passenger steps on antenna array  412  placed underneath the vehicle&#39;s floor  432  mats. 
     Although these example embodiments of wireless power transmission may describe transmitter  102  as a standalone device that may be connected to a car lighter socket  408 , including the different configurations and positions for its antenna array  412 , other transmitter  102  configurations and features may be contemplated as well. For example, antenna array  412  of transmitter  102  may be positioned in any suitable areas inside the vehicle such as passenger seats and backseats, storage compartments, and center console among others. In other embodiments, transmitter  102  may be configured as a built-in device that may be factory-integrated in suitable areas or parts of the vehicle such as sun-visors, sunroofs, sound speakers, dashboards, and the like. 
       FIG. 4D  shows a simplified flowchart of a wireless power transmission process  440  that may be implemented for charging one or more electronic devices  401  inside a vehicle. This process may be applicable in the embodiments of the wireless power transmission systems  400 ,  420 , and  430 . 
     The wireless power transmission process  440  may begin with a wireless charging request, at block  442 . Subsequently, transmitter  102  may perform a BLUETOOTH scanning for identifying any suitable electronic device  401  that may require wireless charging or powering, at block  444 . Specifically, this BLUETOOTH scanning may be carried out by a communication component integrated in circuitry module  414  of transmitter  102 . 
     Using BLUETOOTH scanning, transmitter  102  may determine if there are one or more electronic devices  401  available for charging or powering, at block  446 . Basically, any suitable electronic device  401  operatively coupled with a receiver  120  and capable of BLUETOOTH communication may be considered “available” for wireless charging or powering. If there are no available electronic devices  401  for wireless charging or powering, then BLUETOOTH scanning can be repeated until there is at least one electronic device  401  available. If one or more electronic devices  401  are available, then wireless power transmission process  440  may continue at block  448 , where one or more electronic devices  401  may log into a charging application developed in any suitable operating systems such as iOS, ANDROID, and WINDOWS, among others. This charging application may establish a suitable communication channel between transmitter  102  and electronic device  401 , where configuration of transmitter  102  can be accessed and reprogrammed according to the charging or powering requirements of electronic devices  401 . 
     One or more electronic devices  401  may access the charging application in order to modify the configuration of transmitter  102 . Specifically, one or more electronic devices  401  can communicate with transmitter  102  via BLUETOOTH and log into the charging application to set up charging or powering priorities as necessary, at block  450 . For example, in a long family trip, charging or powering priorities can be established to first charge or power-up electronic devices  401  for kids&#39; entertainment such as portable gaming consoles and tablets, followed by the charging or powering of parents&#39; electronic devices  401  such as smartphones and laptops. Other transmitter  102  parameters such as power intensity and pocket-forming focus/timing can also be modified through the use of this charging application. However, authorization access to transmitter  102  configuration may be restricted to certain users who may be required to provide corresponding user-credentials and passwords. 
     After charging priorities in transmitter  102  are set, transmission of RF waves  116  towards the designated electronic devices  401  can begin, at block  452 , where these RF waves  116  may generate pockets of energy at receivers  120  for powering or charging one or more electronic devices  401  sequentially or simultaneously. In other embodiments, different charging or powering thresholds may be established for maintaining suitable operation. For example, minimum and maximum charging thresholds may be established at about 20% and 95% of total charge respectively, where charging or powering of electronic devices  401  may be stopped when reaching 95% of total charge, and may resume when total charge of electronic devices  401  falls below 20%. 
     BLUETOOTH scanning may continue throughout the process in order to identify additional electronic devices  401  that may require wireless charging or powering, at block  454 . If new or additional electronic devices  401  are identified, then transmitter  102  may be accessed through the charging application to set charging or powering priorities for these additional electronic devices  401 . If no further electronic devices  401  are recognized by BLUETOOTH scanning, then wireless power transmission process  440  may end, at block  456 . 
       FIGS. 4A-4D  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 4A-4D . 
     Presented below are example methods of wirelessly delivering power to receivers in a vehicle. 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes defining, by a transmitter, a pocket of energy positioned within a vehicle, and the vehicle includes the transmitter and a power source powering the transmitter. The method further includes charging, by the transmitter, an electronic device positioned within the vehicle, and the electronic device includes a receiver that interfaces with the pocket of energy in the vehicle. 
     In some embodiments, the power source includes at least one of a vehicle lighter socket and a direct connection to a power wire within the vehicle. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device is a first electronic device and the transmitter charges a second electronic device positioned within the vehicle based on the second device interfacing with the pocket of energy in the vehicle. 
     In some embodiments, another example method includes scanning, using a wireless communication component of a transmitter, for available receivers within a vehicle that are authorized to receive wirelessly delivered power from the transmitter and detecting, by the transmitter, a first receiver and a second receiver of the available receivers within the vehicle based on the scanning. The method further includes, while continuing to scan for available receivers within the vehicle: (i) receiving, by a connector of the transmitter, where the connector is coupled to a power source of the vehicle, electrical current from the power source that is used by the transmitter to generate a plurality of power waves, (ii) receiving, by the wireless communication component of the transmitter, a charging request from the second receiver within the vehicle, (iii) adjusting, by a controller of the transmitter, respective gains and phases of at least a second set of the plurality of power waves, and (iv) transmitting the second set of the plurality of power waves such that the second set of the plurality of power waves converge to form a second constructive interference pattern, distinct from the first constructive interference pattern, in proximity to a location of the second receiver within the vehicle. 
     In some embodiments, the charging request (i) corresponds to a request for wirelessly delivered power from the transmitter, and (ii) is sent by the second receiver when a charge level of the second receiver is less than a minimum level of charge. 
       FIGS. 5A-5D  illustrate additional embodiments of wireless power transmission systems associated with vehicles, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates a wireless power transmission system  500  where a transmitter  102  may provide wireless power, through pocket-forming, to sensors in the bottom part of a car  502 . Transmitter  102  can be placed in the bottom of car  502 , and may power, for example, tire pressure gauges, brake sensors and the like. The foregoing gauges and sensors may include embedded or otherwise operatively coupled receivers (not shown) (e.g., an embodiment of the receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ) for converting pockets of energy into usable energy. Even though the paths of RF waves  504  appear to be in straight lines, transmitter  102  can bounce RF waves  504  off of suitable reflecting areas of car  502  to improve power delivery efficiency. One of the main advantages of the foregoing disclosed configuration of the wireless power transmission system  500  may be the cost-effective solution of eliminating the wires required for powering the aforementioned sensors in the bottom of car  502 . 
       FIG. 5B  illustrates a wireless power transmission system  510  where a transmitter  102  may provide wireless power, through pocket-forming, to sensors in the engine compartment of a car  502 . Transmitter  102  can he placed in the bottom internal surface of a hood  512  (or other suitable locations) of car  502  in order to power engine sensors such as throttle position sensors, engine coolant temperature sensors, barometric sensors and the like. The transmitter  102  can use reflecting areas from the engine compartment of car  502  to bounce off RF waves  504  (e.g., power waves  116 ,  FIG. 1 ) to improve power delivery efficiency. In some embodiments, transmitter  102  can be used to power the sensors present in typical alarm systems, for example, door sensors, pressure sensors (for the interior of car  502 ), shock sensors and the like. In other embodiments, transmitter  102  can function as an alternate or main power supply for alarm speakers  514 . 
       FIG. 5C  illustrates a wireless power transmission system  520  where a transmitter  102  may provide wireless power, through pocket-forming, to sensors, gauges or small miscellaneous devices in the interior of a car  502 . In some embodiments, transmitter  102  can be placed in the instrument panel (not shown) of car  502 . In this particular embodiment, transmitter  102  is shown to be powering a rear window defroster  522  of car  504 , and thus diminishing the need for wires. In some embodiments, transmitter  102  can provide power to the actuators in the car windows, and even to the interior lighting system. 
       FIG. 5D  illustrates a wireless power transmission system  530  where a transmitter  102  may provide wireless power, through pocket-forming, to devices in the interior of car  502 . In this embodiment, transmitter  102  can provide wireless power to speakers  532  while eliminating the use of wires. 
       FIGS. 5A-5D  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 5A-5D . 
     Presented below are example systems and methods of wirelessly delivering power to receivers on or within a vehicle. 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes defining, by a transmitter, a pocket of energy within a vehicle via a plurality of wireless power transmission waves emitted by the transmitter, the vehicle including the transmitter, a receiver, and a vehicle sensor coupled to the receiver. The method further includes interfacing, by the receiver, with the pocket of energy within the vehicle, and providing, by the receiver, power to the vehicle sensor based on the interfacing. 
     In some embodiments, the vehicle includes a bottom portion, and the transmitter is located in the bottom portion. The sensor is at least one of a tire pressure sensor and a brake sensor. 
     Alternatively or in addition, in some embodiments, the vehicle includes an engine compartment and the transmitter is located in the engine compartment. In such embodiments, the sensor is an engine sensor. 
     In some embodiments, an example system includes a vehicle, one or more sensors coupled to the vehicle, and a transmitter coupled to the vehicle (e.g., an exterior of the vehicle). The vehicle is configured to power the transmitter and the transmitter is configured to define a pocket of energy within the vehicle via a plurality of wireless power transmission waves emitted by the transmitter. The system further includes a receiver coupled to the vehicle. The sensor is coupled to the receiver and the receiver is configured to power the sensor by interfacing with the pocket of energy. 
       FIGS. 6A-6D  provide examples of wireless power transmission for wirelessly delivering power to cordless power tools, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6A , a wireless power transmission system  600  may include a transmitter  102  embedded in a toolbox  602  to wirelessly charge or power one or more cordless power tools  604 , according to an embodiment. Toolbox  602  may be capable of storing and transporting a plurality of cordless power tools  604  and other related tools or components. Transmitter  102  may be embedded in a region or area of toolbox  602  suitable for transmitting RF waves  116  towards receiver  120  which may be attached or operatively coupled to the battery  606  of cordless power tool  604 . For example, transmitter  102  may be positioned at the top right corner of toolbox  602  housing to direct RF waves  116  towards receiver  120  for the generation of pockets of energy capable of wirelessly charging the battery  606  of cordless power tool  604 . The cordless power tool  604  may be an example of the electronic device  122 . 
     Toolbox  602  may also include a battery  603  which may be operatively coupled with transmitter  102  through a cable (not shown) for allowing the generation and transmission of RF waves  116  as required by the application. Simply put, battery  603  may function as a power source for transmitter  102 . In some embodiments, toolbox  602  may be connected to an external power source  608  to charge battery  603  through a suitable cable  610 , while simultaneously powering transmitter  102  for the generation and transmission of RF waves  116  directed towards receiver  120 , which can be embedded or attached to cordless power tool  604 . External power source  608  source may include a 120/220 AC volt outlet, in which case toolbox  602  may include a suitable AC/DC converter (not shown) for converting AC voltage and supplying DC voltage to battery  603  for charging. 
     In another embodiment, when battery  603  is charged to a suitable level, toolbox  602  may be disconnected from external power source  608 , and subsequently carried and positioned in a desired working area where cordless power tool  604  may be used. In this case, transmitter  102  may receive power for the generation and transmission of RF waves  116  solely and directly from battery  603 . Charged battery  603  in toolbox  602  may provide enough charge to transmitter  102  for the generation of pockets of energy within a power range of about 1 watt to about 5 watts, and within a working distance of about 5 ft. to about 20 ft. These power levels of pocket of energy may be suitable for charging the battery  606  of cordless power tool  604  while in use, or at least extending the life of battery  606  during operation. In general, the power and range of the generated RF waves  116  may vary according to the number of antenna elements, distribution, and size of transmitter  102 . A cordless power tool  604  not in use or in standby can also be charged by a transmitter  102  embedded in toolbox  602 . 
       FIG. 6B  shows another configuration of the wireless power transmission system  600 . In this configuration, the portable toolbox  602  may be located on or within a vehicle  612 , according to an embodiment. Vehicle  612  may be a private car or a service van commonly used by technicians having to perform field work or related activities. Similarly as in  FIG. 6A , toolbox  602  may be connected to external power source  608  for charging battery  603  and powering transmitter  102 . External power source  608 , in this case, may be the battery of vehicle  612 . Toolbox  602  may be operatively coupled to external power source  608  through a suitable connection that includes a car lighter socket  614  and cable  616 . In order to avoid draining the battery of vehicle  612 , engine  618  may be on or running when charging battery  603  or powering transmitter  102  in toolbox  602 . In some embodiments, transmitter  102  may generate and direct RF waves  116  towards the receivers  120  embedded or attached to one or more cordless power tools  604  for the wireless charging of batteries  112 . Transmitter  102  in toolbox  602  may wirelessly charge or power two or more cordless power tools  604  simultaneously or sequentially according to the power or application requirements. Transmitter  102  in toolbox  602  may also charge a spare battery  620  having a suitable receiver  120  attached. 
     In some embodiments, when battery  603  in toolbox  602  is charged to a suitable level, toolbox  602  can be disconnected from the car lighter socket  614  and placed at a location outside vehicle  612 . Transmitter  102  in toolbox  602  may subsequently generate RF waves  116  which may wirelessly charge or at least extend the life of batteries  606  during the operation of cordless power tools  604 , in this case, transmitter  102  may be energized directly from the charged battery  603  in toolbox  602 . In some embodiments, a surface area of the antenna array  110  ( FIG. 1 ) of the transmitter  102  embedded in toolbox  602  may range from approximately two in 2  to about 12 in 2  depending on the dimensions of toolbox  602 . 
       FIG. 6C  illustrates an additional configuration of wireless power transmission system  600 . In this configuration, transmitter  102  may be configured in the doors or windows of vehicle  612 , according to an embodiment. Specifically, the antenna array of transmitter  102  may be configured to fit one window of vehicle  612 . In such a case, the antenna array may include between about 300 and about 600 antenna elements distributed within a surface area that may vary between about 90 in 2  and about 160 in 2 . This increased number of antenna elements and footprint of transmitter  102  may allow for a higher level of power distribution and reach of the emitted RF waves  116  as compared to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 6B . For example, transmitter  102  within the specified dimensions and number of antenna elements may emit RF waves  116  capable of generating a pocket of energy between about 1 Watt and 10 Watts of power, and within a distance of about 30 ft and about 50 ft. 
     In  FIG. 6C , transmitter  102  may be constantly and directly connected to an external power source  608  such as vehicle  612  battery via car lighter socket  614  and cable  616 . Engine  618  may be on or running when transmitter  102  is in operation in order to prevent draining of the vehicle&#39;s  612  battery. Transmitter  102  may generate and direct RF waves  116  towards the receivers  120  embedded or attached to one or more cordless power tools  604  for the charging of batteries  606 . Transmitter  102  may wirelessly charge or power two or more cordless power tools  604  simultaneously or sequentially according to the power or application requirements. Transmitter  102  may also wirelessly charge a spare battery  620  having a suitable receiver  120  attached. 
       FIG. 6D  shows a flowchart of a wireless power transmission process  630  that may be implemented for charging one or more cordless power tools  604  using toolbox  602  as a portable device. This process may be applicable to the embodiments of wireless power transmission systems  600  shown in  FIGS. 6A-6C . 
     Wireless power transmission process  630  may begin by checking the charge levels of battery  603  embedded in toolbox  602 , at block  632 . This charge check may be performed by a control module included in toolbox  602  (not shown in  FIGS. 6A-6B ) or by micro-controller (e.g., processor  104 ,  FIG. 1 ) in transmitter  102 , which may be operatively connected to battery  603 . Different charging levels for battery  603  may be established for maintaining suitable operation. For example, minimum and maximum charging thresholds may be established at about 25% and 99% of total charge respectively. At block  634 , if battery  603  charge is below the minimum threshold or 25%, then toolbox  602  can be connected to external power source  608  using cable  610 , where external power source  608  may include vehicle  612  battery or a standard 120/220 AC volts outlet as explained in  FIGS. 6A-6B . When battery  603  charge is at 99% or at least above 25%, toolbox  602  can be disconnected from external power source  608 , at block  436 . 
     If battery  603  is charged to a suitable level, specifically between about  25 % and about 99%, then wireless power transmission process  630  may continue at block  638 , where communications component  112  in transmitter  102  may identify one or more cordless power tools  604  that may require wireless charging. Charging or powering priorities and other parameters such as power intensity and pocket-forming focus/timing may be established using a control module included in toolbox  602  or micro-controller in transmitter  102 . For example, based on charging or powering priorities, transmitter  102  may be configured to first provide wireless charging to cordless power tools  604  in use, followed by cordless power tools  604  in standby, and lastly to spare batteries  620 . 
     After cordless power tools  604  are identified and charging priorities/parameters in transmitter  102  are set, transmission of RF waves  116  towards the designated cordless power tools  604  or spare batteries  620  can begin, at block  640 , where these RF waves  116  may generate pockets of energy at receivers  120  for powering or charging one or more cordless power tools  604  and spare batteries  620  sequentially or simultaneously. 
     Using communications component  112 , transmitter  102  in toolbox  602  may continuously check if there are other cordless power tools  604  or spare batteries  620  that may require wireless charging or powering, at block  642 . If new or additional cordless power tools  604  or spare batteries  620  are identified, then transmitter  102  in toolbox  602  may wirelessly charge the identified cordless power tools  604  and spare batteries  620  according to the established charging priorities and parameters. If no further cordless power tools  604  are recognized by communications component  112  in transmitter  102 , then wireless power transmission process  630  may end. 
       FIGS. 6A-6D  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 6A-6D . 
     Presented below are example methods of wirelessly delivering power to cordless power tools. 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes establishing, by a transmitter, a connection with a power source; generating, by the transmitter, a plurality of power transmission waves to form a pocket of energy; receiving, by the transmitter, a transmission of a power requirement of a cordless power tool and a receiver location; and transmitting, by the transmitter, the power transmission waves through at least two antennas coupled to the transmitter in response to the received transmission. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter establishes communication with the receiver when the cordless power to the cordless power tool is within a predetermined distance (e.g., a distance of 10 feet or less) from the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, another example method includes establishing, by a transmitter that is coupled to at least two antennas for transmitting power transmission waves to a plurality of cordless power tools, a connection with a power source that is used to charge a battery of the transmitter and determining, by the transmitter, whether the battery has a charge level that is above a threshold charge level. The method further includes, in accordance with determining that the battery has the charge level that is above the threshold charge level, identifying, by a communication component of the transmitter that is distinct from the at least two antennas of the transmitter, a cordless power tool of the plurality of cordless power tools that requires wireless charging. The method further includes receiving, by the communication component of the transmitter, information that identifies a power requirement of the cordless power tool and a location of a receiver that is coupled to the cordless power tool and transmitting, by the transmitter, a plurality of power transmission waves through the at least two antennas in response to the received information, and the plurality of power transmission waves are transmitted so that the plurality of power transmission waves converges to form a pocket of energy in proximity to the location of the receiver. 
       FIGS. 7A-7B  illustrate wireless power transmission systems used in rescue situations, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 7A  shows a configuration of wireless power transmission system  700  where a transmitter  102  may be located on or within a vehicle  702 , according to some embodiments. Vehicle  702  may be a rescue car, fire truck, ambulance and the like. Transmitter  102  may use a diesel generator  704  as power source  210 . However, other power sources may be employed too. Transmitter  102  may generate and direct RF waves  116  towards receivers  120  embedded or attached to rescue devices such as lamps, GPS, radios, cellphones, lights, among others. In addition, transmitter  102  in vehicle  702  may wirelessly extend the life of batteries in the previously mentioned devices during the operation. 
     Transmitter  102  may be located in a telescopic mast  706 , which may be lifted up for increased range of wireless powering. Furthermore, other transmitter  102  configurations may be used in dependency of the region and requirements, such requirements may include low profile transmitters for a higher stability of vehicle  702  during gales or winds with high speed. 
       FIG. 7B  illustrates a disaster zone  710 , where a rescue vehicle  702  provides power and charge to a variety of rescue devices of a rescue team. Vehicle  702  may include a transmitter  102  located at the top of a telescopic mast  706 . RF waves  116  may be transmitted through obstacles and may be reflected on objects for reaching receivers  120 . 
     Receivers  120  may allow tracking of vehicle  702 , such a feature may allow the capacity to operate beyond the range of transmitter  102  through the charge on the batteries. When batteries have low charge, receivers  120  may guide its user to vehicle  702  in order to obtain charge. 
     Vehicle  702  may operate and reach sharper areas than vehicles with a wired power source, such capability is enabled through the wireless power transmission, which allows a higher mobility than cabled power sources. 
       FIGS. 7A-7B  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 7A-7B . 
     Presented below are example methods of wirelessly delivering power to rescue devices. 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes generating power RF signals from a RF circuit connected to the transmitter controlling the generated RF signals with a controller to provide a power RF signal and short RF communication signals; transmitting the power RF and short RF communication signals, through antenna elements connected to the transmitter, capturing power RF signals in a receiver with an antenna connected to the rescue electronic device to convert the pockets of energy into a DC voltage for charging or powering the rescue electronic device; and communicating power requirements of the rescue electronic device and the receiver location information between the pocket-forming transmitter and receiver with the short RF signals. 
     In some embodiments, the power source is a mobile diesel generator, a mobile gasoline generator or a vehicle generator or battery. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter includes a housing suitable for field use, at least two antenna elements, at least one RF integrated circuit, at least one digital signal processor, and a communication component for generating the power RF and short RF signals. 
     In some embodiments, a telescopic mast connected to the transmitter is used to elevate the transmitter above the clutter at a rescue site. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes extending the transmission distance of the pocket-forming transmitter by mounting the pocket-forming transmitter a predetermined height with the telescopic mast connected to a top surface of a vehicle including a fire truck, ambulance, rescue truck or other rescue vehicle. 
     In some embodiments, another example method includes, at a wireless power transmitter that includes a receiver antenna element, a radio frequency (RF) circuit, and a plurality of transmitter antenna elements, and the wireless power transmitter is connected to a power source and a telescoping mast of a mobile vehicle, the telescoping mast extending in a vertical direction above the mobile vehicle, receiving, via the receiver antenna element, a communication signal from a receiver device positioned at a location within a transmission range of the wireless power transmitter and controlling, via the RF circuit, operation of the plurality of transmitter antenna elements to generate wireless power transmission RF signals having predetermined phases and amplitudes using power from the power source. The method further includes transmitting and steering, via the RF circuit, the wireless power transmission RF signals via the plurality of transmitter antenna elements so that the wireless power transmission RF signals constructively interfere at the location. 
       FIG. 8A  illustrates an example embodiment of a multimode transmitter. Some elements of this figure are described above. 
     A multimode transmitter  800 , such as transmitter  102 , is configured to operate as or includes a wireless power router and/or a communication network router, whether in a serial manner, such as one at a time, or a parallel manner, such as concurrently. More particularly, transmitter  800  is configured to define a pocket of energy via a plurality of wireless power waves so that a first receiver is able to interface with the pocket of energy, as described herein. Transmitter  800  is configured to emit the wireless power waves, as described herein. For example, at least one of the wireless power waves can be based on a radio frequency. 
     Transmitter  800  is also configured to provide a network communication signal to a second receiver so that the second receiver is able to interface with the network signal (i.e., is able to access the Internet using the network signal). Such provision can be performed in a wired manner, such as via a cable, a wire-line, or others. Such provision can also be performed in a wireless manner, such as optical, radio, laser, sound, infrared, or others. Such provision can based at least in part on the transmitter receiving a unique identifier from the second receiver, such as a media access control (MAC) address. For example, the network signal includes at least one of an Ethernet signal, a WI-FI signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, an infrared signal, a laser signal, or another type of signal, whether via a short range communication protocol, such as BLUETOOTH, or via a long range communication protocol, such as a satellite signal or a cellular signal, such as a cell site. The network signal is based at least in part on a network, and the network is or includes at least one of a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a storage area network (SAN), a backbone network, a metropolitan area network, a campus network, a virtual private network, a global area network, a personal area network (PAN), or others, whether for an intranet, an extranet, an internetwork, or darknet. 
     Transmitter  800  includes a plurality of antenna elements  802 , as described herein, and a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). Antenna elements  802  and RFIC are arranged in a flat array arrangement, which reduces losses due a shorter distance between components. However, other types of arrangements are possible, such as non-flat, for instance, hemispherical. Transmitter  800  is configured to regulate a phase and an amplitude of pocket-forming operations in antenna elements  802 , as described herein. For example, such regulation can be via corresponding RFIC in order to generate a desired pocket-forming output and null-space steering. Furthermore, transmitter  800  can be configured so that multiple pocket-forming outputs may charge a higher number of receivers and allow a better wave trajectory to such receivers. Transmitter  800  can include an omnidirectional antenna. 
     In some embodiments, transmitter  800  includes or is coupled to a plurality of arrays comprising antenna elements  802 . Such coupling can be direct or indirect, wired or wireless, and/or local or remote. For example, such coupling can be via a wire spanning between transmitter  800  and at least one of such arrays. Note that such arrays can be embodied as one unit or a plurality of inter-coupled units or intra-coupled units. Such coupling can be direct or indirect, wired or wireless, and/or local or remote. For example, such coupling can be via a wire spanning between at least two of such arrays. Also, note that at least two of such arrays can be identical to each other or different from each based on at least one of structure, function, shape, size, coupling characteristics, or material properties. A presence of such arrays may increase or decrease a number of antenna elements  802  operating for each application, such as either for a wireless power transmission or a communication network signal transmission. In some embodiments, transmitter  800  lacks distinct array division, such as visual, such as into the first portion and the second portion. Resultantly, at least one of such arrays comprising antenna elements  802  operates for the communication network signal transmission only, and the switch, as described herein, changes an operational mode to enable the power router functionality. For example, transmitter  800  is configured to operate such that a first portion of an array, as described herein, such as a half, transmits the network signal, such as a WI-FI signal, and a second portion of the array, such as the other half, defines the pocket of energy, such as described herein. Line  804  represents a division in the array arrangement. Note that although the first portion and the second portion are symmetrical, the first portion and the second portion can be asymmetrical. Also, note that the first portion and the second portion can differ from each other or be identical to each other in at least one of a shape, a size, and a number of antenna elements  802 . 
     In some embodiments, transmitter  800  includes an antenna, as described herein. Therefore, transmitter  800  defines the pocket and provides the network signal via the antenna. Transmitter  800  can define the pocket and provide the signal simultaneously. Alternatively or additionally, transmitter  800  is configured to switch between a first operational mode and a second operational mode. Resultantly, transmitter  800  includes a switch configured to switch between the first mode and the second mode. The switch can be hardware based, such as an A/B switch, a knob, or a lever. The switch can also be software based, such as via a set of processor-executable instructions, for instance. via machine code. Such switch can switch manually, such as via a user input, for instance, via a button. Such switch can also switch automatically, such as via a set of processor-executable instructions, for instance via machine code. In the first mode, transmitter  800  defines the pocket only. In the second mode, transmitter  800  provides the network signal only. For example, such switch can be an A/B switch, whether manually switchable or automatically switchable, based on at least one input criterion, which can be remotely updateable. Note that transmitter  800  can be configured so that the communication network router functionality and the wireless power functionality are simultaneously operating, such as parallel operation, whether dependent or independent on each other, or only the communication network router functionality or the wireless power functionality operates at one time, such as serial operation, whether dependent or independent on each other. 
     In some embodiments, transmitter  800  includes a first antenna, as described herein, and a second antenna, as described herein. Therefore, transmitter  800  defines the pocket via the first antenna and provides the network signal via the second antenna. The first antenna and the second antenna can be controlled via a controller, whether or not transmitter  800  includes such controller, whether or not such controller is local or remote to transmitter  800 , whether or not such controller is directly or indirectly coupled to at least one of the first antenna and the second antenna. Note that the first antenna and the second antenna can be part of a larger antenna, such as an array. Also, note that the first antenna and the second antenna can be coupled to each other. Further, the first antenna and the second antenna can be not coupled to each other. Transmitter  800  is configured to that the first antenna defines the pocket of energy and the second antenna provides the network signal simultaneously. Alternatively or additionally, transmitter  800  is configured to switch between a first operational mode and a second operational mode. Resultantly, transmitter  800  includes a switch configured to switch between the first mode and the second mode. The switch can be hardware based, such as an A/B switch, a knob, or a lever. The switch can also be software based, such as via a set of processor-executable instructions, for instance via machine code. Such switch can switch manually, such as via a user input, for instance, via a button. Such switch can also switch automatically, such as via a set of processor-executable instructions, for instance via machine code. In the first mode, transmitter  800 , via the first antenna defines the pocket only. In the second mode, transmitter  800 , via the second antenna, provides the network signal only. However, in some embodiments, the transmitter  800  includes a plurality of antennas, as described herein, such as at least two, defining the pocket of energy. In some embodiments, the plurality of antennas further provides the network signal. For example, such switch can be an A/B switch, whether manually switchable or automatically switchable, based on at least one input criteria, which can be remotely updateable. Note that transmitter  800  can be configured so that the communication network router functionality and the wireless power functionality are simultaneously operating, such as parallel operation, whether dependent or independent on each other, or only the communication network router functionality or the wireless power functionality operates at one time, such as serial operation, whether dependent or independent on each other. 
     In some embodiments, a device includes the first receiver and the second receiver. For example, an electronic device, such as a smartphone, includes the first receiver, embodied as a first hardware unit, as described herein, and the second receiver, embodied as a second hardware unit, such as a WI-FI card. Note that the first receiver is physically distinct from the second receiver, whether or not the first receiver is operably coupled to the second receiver. However, in other embodiments, a first device, such as a smartphone, includes the first receiver and a second device, such as a tablet computer, includes a second receiver. Yet, in other embodiments, the first receiver and the second receiver are one receiver, such as described herein. 
     In some embodiments, transmitter  800  includes a network communication unit, which can include the communication network router or be coupled to the communication network router, such as via wiring. Such unit can facilitate transmitter  800  in providing the network signal. Such unit can be implemented via hardware, such as a chip or an appliance, and/or software, such as a module or a software application, in any combination. Such unit can communicate in at least one of a wired manner and a wireless manner. Such unit includes at least one of a router, a network bridge, a firewall, a modem, a network switch, a printer server, or a network repeater. At least two of such components can be structurally distinct from each other or embodied as one unit. At least two of such components can be functionally distinct from each other or function as one unit. 
     The network bridge enables a connection, whether direct or indirect, such as a link, a path, a network, or a channel, between a plurality of communication networks for inter-communication there between. For example, a first network can be a wired network and a second network can be a wireless network, where the network bridge bridges the first network and the second network so that members of each of the first network and the second network can communicate with each other through the network bridge. Note that the first network and the second network can be of one type, such as based on a common protocol, such as Ethernet, or of different types, such as where the bridge translates a plurality of protocols. Also, note that the plurality of networks can be local to each other or remote from each other in any manner. 
     The firewall enables control, whether direct or indirect, of at least one of incoming network traffic and outgoing network traffic based on a set of rules applied thereon. For example, the firewall can operate as a barrier between a first network and a second network. The firewall can be network-layer based or a packet-filter based. The firewall can also be application-layer based. The firewall can also be proxy-server based. The firewall can also be network address translation based. 
     The modem enables signal modulation and signal demodulation. The modem can be a networking modem, such as a broadband modem, or a voice modem. 
     The network switch enables a connection, whether direct or indirect, of a plurality of devices together on a communication network via packet switching, such as based on a unique network address, for instance MAC address. The switch operates at least one level of an Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI) model, including at least one of a data link layer and a network layer. The network switch can be a multilayer switch. The network switch can be managed or unmanaged. 
     The print server enables a connection, whether direct or indirect, of a printer to a computer, such as a desktop computer or a laptop computer, over a network. The printer server can receive a print job from the computer, manage the job with other, if any, and send the job to the printer. In some embodiments, the print server is a networked computer. In some embodiments, the print server is a dedicated network device. In some embodiments, the print server is a software application. 
     The network repeater enables a regeneration or a retransmission of a signal at a higher level or a higher power than when received, such as due to a transmission loss. The network repeater can communicate such signal over an obstruction or extend a range of the signal. The network repeater can translate the signal from a first communication protocol to a second communication protocol. In some embodiments, transmitter  800  is configured for tethering, such as connecting one device to another. For example, transmitter  800  allows sharing of a network connection with another device, such as a tablet or a smartphone. Such tethering can be done over any type of network described herein. The tethering can be in a wired manner or a wireless manner. 
     In some embodiments, the network signal is encrypted, whether onboard or via another device. Such encryption can be performed via a symmetric key architecture, where an encryption key is identical to a decryption key. For example, the key can include alphanumeric or biometric information. However, the network communication signal is encrypted via a public key encryption architecture, such as comprising a public key and a private key, for instance a Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) method. The network signal can be encrypted automatically, such as via an algorithm, for instance a set of processor-executable instructions. However, the network signal can also be encrypted manually, such as via a user input. The network signal can be decrypted in a manner, as described herein. Also, transmitter  800  can include at least one of an encryption chip and a decryption chip to facilitate the provision of the encryption signal. Note that the encryption chip and the decryption chip can be embodied as at least one of a functional unit and a structural unit. 
     In some embodiments, transmitter  800  is configured to define the pocket via a signal path to the first receiver. The signal path is defined via transmitter  800  based at least in part on at least one of a gain information obtained from the second receiver and a phase information obtained from the second receiver. At least one of the gain information and the phase information can be obtained based on transmitter  800  providing the network signal, such as based at least in part on receiving a response from the second receiver. 
     In some embodiments, transmitter  800  defines the pocket of energy adaptively, as described herein, based on providing the network signal. Such adaption can be based at least in part on at least partially avoiding at least a wireless power wave obstacle portion, such as a chair, positioned between transmitter  800  and the first receiver. For example, transmitter  800  can define the pocket of energy via a signal path to the first receiver. The signal path is defined via transmitter  800  based at least in part on at least one of a gain information obtained from the second receiver and a phase information obtained from the second receiver, such as based at least in part on receiving a response from the second receiver. The at least partially avoiding is based at least in part on the signal path, as previously established. 
     In some embodiments, transmitter  800  defines the pocket of energy indoors, such as within a structure, for instance, a building, a tunnel, a vehicle, a hangar, a warehouse, a tent, an arena, or others. Such defining can be based at least in part on bouncing at least one of the wireless power waves from at least one of a floor, a wall extending from the floor, and a ceiling extending from the wall. For example, transmitter  800  can define the pocket of energy via a signal path to the first receiver. The signal path is defined via transmitter  800  based at least in part on at least one of a gain information obtained from the second receiver and a phase information obtained from the second receiver, such as based at least in part on receiving a response from the second receiver. The bouncing is at least until the signal path is defined. However, in other embodiments, transmitter  800  defines the pocket of energy outdoors, such as at a camp site, an air field, a vehicle, a stadium, a street, a yard, a park, a field, or others. 
     In some embodiments, transmitter  800  is configured to determine a position of the first receiver based at least in part on a signal triangulation of the second receiver, such as a cellular signal. Transmitter  800  defines the pocket of energy based at least in part on the position. 
       FIG. 8B  illustrates an example embodiment  810  of a multimode transmitter defining a pocket of energy and providing a network signal. 
     Transmitter  800  outputs power waves  116  to define pocket of energy  812 . Receiver  120  interfaces with pocket energy  812  to charge laptop computer  122   a . Transmitter  800  also provides a network signal to phone  122   b , which includes a network receiver  814  to interface with the network signal. Transmitter  800  determines which signal to output (network or power) through micro-controller (e.g., processor  104 ,  FIG. 1 ), which, for example, receives a unique identifier, such as a MAC address of laptop computer  122   a  or phone  122   b.    
     For example, once transmitter  800  identifies and locates receiver  120 , a channel or path can be established by knowing the gain or the phases coming from receiver  120 , as described herein. Transmitter  800  starts to transmit controlled power waves  116 , via antenna elements  802  ( FIG. 8B ), which converge in 3D space. Power waves  116  are produced using power source (not shown) and a local oscillator chip using a suitable piezoelectric material. Power waves  116  are controlled by RFIC, which includes a chip for adjusting phase and/or relative magnitudes of RF signals, which serve as inputs for antenna elements  802  to form constructive and destructive interference patterns (pocket-forming). Pocket-forming may take advantage of interference to change the directionality of the antenna elements  802  where constructive interference generates pocket of energy  812  and deconstructive interference generates a null space. Receiver  120  utilizes pocket of energy  812  produced by the pocket-forming for charging or powering an electronic device, for example laptop computer  122   a  and thus effectively providing wireless power transmission using pocket-forming. 
     Transmitter  800  also identifies and locates receiver  814  from smartphone  122   b . Smartphone  122   b  may request the network signal, such as a WI-FI signal. Therefore, transmitter  800  may send the requested network signal in parallel with the power waves  116  for powering laptop computer  122   a.    
     In some embodiments, a network router, such as a WI-FI router, includes a housing, which houses transmitter  800  that outputs power waves  116  to define pocket of energy  812 , as described herein, and a network signal, such as a WI-FI signal, as described herein. Such output can be concurrent or non-concurrent. The router can also be configured to provide a wired network connection, whether for a same network or a different network. The router can be used to wirelessly charge a first electronic device and to wirelessly provide network access to a second electronic device. Note that the first device and the second device can be one device or different devices. For example, the router can wirelessly charge a cellular phone, as described herein, and simultaneously provide an internet connection to the cellular phone, as described herein. Alternatively, transmitter  800  includes a WI-FI router or WI-FI circuitry which is configured to power a tablet computer and provide an internet connection to that tablet computer. 
       FIG. 8C  illustrates a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of a multimode receiver. Thus, same reference characters identify identical and/or like components described above and any repetitive detailed description thereof will hereinafter be omitted or simplified in order to avoid complication. 
     Transmitter  800  includes power source  820 , a network unit  822 , and a security unit  824  operably interconnected with each other in any operational manner, whether directly or indirectly. Note that network unit  822  and security unit  824  can also be one unit. Network unit  822  includes the network communication unit, as described herein. Security unit  824  enables security operations, such as encryption or decryption, as described herein. For example, security unit  824  includes at least one of the encryption chip, the decryption chip, and the encryption-decryption chip. Power source  820  can operate as described herein. However, in other embodiments, power source  820  can also receive power, include, or be at least one of a mains electricity outlet, a wireless power receiver, as described herein, or an energy storage device, such as a battery. In some embodiments, transmitter  800  receives power, includes, or is a renewable energy source, such as a wind turbine, a liquid turbine, a photovoltaic cell, a geothermal turbine, or others. For example, transmitter  800  includes the renewable energy source or is coupled to the renewable energy source, whether directly or indirectly, whether locally or remotely. For example, the wind turbine can be at least one of a vertical axis turbine and a horizontal axis turbine, or others. The liquid turbine can be at least one of a reaction turbine or an impulse turbine, or others. The photovoltaic cell can be at least one of a silicon cell and a thin film cell, or others. The geothermal turbine can be steam-based or others. 
       FIGS. 8A-8C  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 8A-8C . 
     Presented below an example of a multi-mode transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, a multi-mode transmitter includes a first antenna element and a second antenna element. Further, the transmitter is configured to emit a first signal by the first antenna element and a second signal by the second antenna element, where the first signal includes a plurality of wireless power waves establishing a pocket of energy. Moreover, the second signal is different from the first signal and the second signal provides WI-FI access. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter includes an antenna array, and the antenna array includes the first antenna element and the second antenna element. 
     In some embodiments, the antenna array is defined via a first portion and a second portion, and the transmitter is configured to emit the first signal via the first portion, and the transmitter is configured to emit the second signal via the second portion. 
     In some embodiments, the first portion and the second portion are symmetrical geometrically. 
     In some embodiments, the first portion and the second portion are asymmetrical geometrically. 
     In some embodiments, the first portion includes a first plurality of antenna elements and the second portion includes a second plurality of antenna elements. Moreover, in some embodiments, the first plurality of antenna elements is numerically different from the second plurality of antenna elements. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first plurality of antenna elements is numerically identical to the second plurality of antenna elements. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter is configured to switch between a first mode and a second mode, and the transmitter is configured to emit the first signal during the first mode only and the second signal during the second mode only. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter is configured to emit the first signal to a first receiver and the second signal to a second receiver, and a device includes the first receiver and the second receiver. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter is configured to emit the first signal to a first receiver coupled to a first device and the second signal to a second receiver coupled to a second device different from the first device. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter is configured to emit the first signal to a first receiver and the second signal to a second receiver, and the first receiver and the second receiver are one receiver. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter includes a third antenna element, and the transmitter is configured to emit the first signal concurrently by the first antenna element and the third antenna element. 
     In some embodiments, the second signal provides WI-FI access by providing a device that receives the second signal with an internet connection. 
       FIGS. 9A-9C  illustrate various power couplings for transmitters used in wireless power transmission systems, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 9A  depicts a flat transmitter  900  (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) of a predetermined size to fit into a number of spaces, which includes antenna elements  902 . Transmitter  900  includes a screw cap  904 . Screw cap  904  connects the transmitter  900  to a light socket, wherein the light socket operates as a power source for the transmitter  900 . 
     Screw cap  904  may include a variety of electronics devices, such as, capacitors, inductors, power converters and the like. Such electronic devices may be intended for managing the power source, which feeds transmitter  900 . 
     Furthermore, transmitter  900  including screw cap  904  as power connection may increase versatility of transmitter  900 , because transmitter  900  is able to be located in every place where a screw cap  905  is received by a light socket. 
     Transmitter  900  includes several shapes which may vary in dependence with final application and user preferences. 
       FIG. 9B  depicts a flat transmitter  910  (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ), which includes antenna elements  904 . Transmitter  910  includes a cable  912  with a pair of wires for connection to the power source. Power source includes an electrical service in a building or mobile vehicle and the like. 
     Cables  912  include labels of positive and negative cables in case of connecting to a DC current power source and/or ILA and L2 cables in case of AC current power source. Furthermore, more cables may be included, and such cables may be for three-phase power source and a ground cable connection. 
     Transmitter  910  includes a variety of electronics devices, such as, capacitors, inductors, power converters and the like. Such electronic devices may be intended for managing the power source which may feed transmitter  910 . 
     Transmitter  910  is located in several places due to the cables  912 , which may be connected to any power source, and such power source may be AC or DC in dependence with final application and user preferences. 
     Transmitter  910  includes several shapes which may vary in dependence with final application and user preferences. 
       FIG. 9C  depicts a transmitter  920  (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) which includes antenna elements  902  in a flat arrangement. Transmitter  920  is connected to a power source through one or more power plug  922 . Such power plug  922  complies with the standard of each country and/or region. Power plug  922  is intended to connect transmitter  920  to one or more power outlet on the walls, floors, ceilings and/or electric adapters. 
     Transmitter  920  includes a variety of electronics devices, such as capacitors, inductors, power converters and the like. Such electronic devices are intended for managing the power source which feeds transmitter  920 . 
     Transmitter  920  includes several shapes which may vary in dependence with final application and user preferences. 
       FIGS. 9A-9C  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 9A-9C . 
     Presented below is an example method of coupling a transmitter to a power source. 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes receiving, by an antenna of a receiver coupled to the electronic device, pockets of energy generated in response to RF waves emitted by a pocket-forming transmitter coupled to a power source through a power coupling and converting, by a rectifying circuit of the receiver, the received pockets of energy into electricity to charge the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the power coupling of the transmitter includes an Edison screw cap for insertion into a light socket connected to the power source, and the power source is an electrical service available to a user of the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the power coupling of the transmitter includes a cable with a pair of wires for connection to the power source, and the power source is an electrical service available to a user of the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the power coupling of the transmitter includes an electrical plug for insertion into a socket connected to the power source, and the power source is an electrical service available to a user of the electronic device. 
       FIGS. 10A-10C  illustrate wireless power transmission systems used in military applications, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 10A  is an example embodiment of a power distribution system  1000  in a military camp where troops may be settled in remote locations. Power distribution system  1000  may include a mobile power generator  1002 , which may serve to power electrical equipment. Mobile power generator  1002  may be a mobile diesel generator or other sources such as solar photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines or any reliable power source or combination thereof coupled with mobile power generator  1002 . The power generator  1002  is configured to power a transmitter  102 , which may enable wireless power transmission. Transmitter  102  may use mobile power generator  1002  as a power source to form pockets of energy. Pockets of energy may form at constructive interference patterns and can be 3Dimensional in shape whereas null-spaces may be generated at destructive interference patterns. Electrical devices  1004  such as radios, laptops or any devices requiring a power input may be coupled with a receiver  120  (not shown). Receiver  120  may then utilize pockets of energy produced by pocket-forming for charging or powering electrical devices  1004 . 
     Transmitter  102  may form pockets of energy covering a range from about a few feet to hundreds of feet depending on the size of the antenna array. For the foregoing application, about 30 to about 60 feet may suffice. Additional transmitters  102  may be used to extend the distance in a power distribution system. A central transmitter  102  coupled with mobile power generator  1002  may serve as a central distribution center while additional transmitters  102  may be placed at a distance and retransmit energy received from the central transmitter to reach greater distances. Each transmitter  102  size may be relative to the desired transmission distance. 
       FIG. 10B  is another example embodiment of a power distribution system  1010 . A transmitter  102  coupled with a mobile power generator  1002  may be mounted over a military vehicle  1012  in order to add mobility. Military vehicle  1012  may be any vehicle with enough robustness and ruggedness for battlefield applications such as a high mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV/Humvee) armored trucks, tanks or any vehicle capable of carrying transmitter  102  coupled with mobile power generator  1004 . Military vehicle  1012  may accompany soldiers into the battlefield and serve as a power source for electrical devices  1004  carried by soldiers. Electrical devices  1004  carried by soldiers may be coupled with receivers  120  (not shown in  FIG. 10B ) in order to receive energy from transmitter  102 . 
       FIG. 10C  is another embodiment of power distribution system  1020  where remote controlled vehicles  1022  designed for espionage, detecting mines or disabling bombs may be powered wirelessly. In this embodiment, remote control and power may be critical factors to prevent exposure or harm to human soldiers  1024 . Remote controlled vehicle  1022  may be coupled with a receiver  120 . A transmitter  102  coupled with a mobile power generator  1004  may form pockets of energy  1026  at constructive interference patterns that may be 3Dimensional in shape whereas null-spaces may be generated at destructive interference patterns. A receiver  120  may then utilize pockets of energy  1026  produced by pocket-forming for charging or powering remote controlled vehicle  1022 . 
       FIGS. 10A-10C  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 10A-10C . 
     Presented below are example systems and methods of wireless power transmission in military applications. 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes: (i) communicating, by a receiver associated with a mobile electronic device, a security code to a transmitter coupled to a power source, the transmitter configured to recognize the security code; (ii) receiving, by an antenna of the receiver associated with the mobile electronic device, a pocket of energy generated in response to transmission signal waves emitted by the transmitter, the transmission signal waves being emitted upon recognition of the security code by the transmitter; and (iii) charging, by the receiver, the mobile electronic device, the receiver including a rectifying circuit to convert the received pocket of energy into electricity. 
     In some embodiments, the power source is one or more of a mobile diesel generator, a mobile gasoline generator, solar panels, and wind turbines. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes charging, by the receiver, the mobile electronic device by establishing a path for the pocket of energy to converge in 3D space upon an antenna of the receiver. The antenna of the receiver is in communication with an antenna of the transmitter and the antenna of the transmitter is broadcasting the transmission signal waves. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter includes a plurality of antennas, a radio frequency integrated circuit, and a processor configured to implement security logic and a communications component. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, by the receiver associated to the mobile electronic device, the pocket of energy generated in response to transmission signal waves emitted by a secondary transmitter, the transmission signal waves being emitted by a secondary transmitter in response to the transmission signal waves emitted by the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver receives the pocket of energy from the transmitter and is switched to the secondary transmitter to continue charging the mobile electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the pocket of energy is regulated by utilizing adaptive pocket-forming. 
     In some embodiments, the power source is a mobile generator mechanically coupled to the transmitter and configured to extend reach of the transmission signal waves emitted by transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver is in a remote controlled vehicle. 
     In some embodiments, another example method includes, at a receiver having a communications component, at least one antenna element, and a rectifying circuit: (i) communicating, by the communications component of the receiver, a communications signal, which includes a security code, to a transmitter coupled to a power source, and the transmitter is configured to recognize the security code; (ii) receiving, by the at least one antenna element of the receiver, energy from a plurality of power transmission waves that forms a constructive interference pattern proximate to a location of the receiver, and the transmitter transmits the plurality of power transmission waves in response to recognizing the security code communicated to the transmitter by the receiver; and (iii) charging, using electricity generated by the rectifying circuit using the energy from the plurality of power transmission waves received by the at least one antenna element of the receiver, an electronic device that is coupled with the receiver. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter includes a plurality of antennas, a radio frequency integrated circuit, a processor configured to implement a security logic used to recognize the security code, and a communications component. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter, in response to recognizing the security code communicated to the transmitter by the receiver: (i) transmits the plurality of power transmission waves to form the constructive interference pattern in proximity to the receiver in response to determining that the receiver is within range of the transmitter; and (ii) transmits the plurality of power transmission waves to a secondary transmitter, that is distinct and separate from the transmitter, in response to determining that the receiver is outside the range of the transmitter, and the secondary transmitter re-transmits the plurality of power transmission waves that forms the constructive interference pattern proximate to the location of the receiver. 
     In some embodiments, an example system for secured wireless charging of a mobile electronic device includes: (i) a mobile electronic device coupled to a receiver; (ii) the receiver configured to communicate a security code to a transmitter; and (iii) the transmitter configured to: receive the security code from the receiver; recognize, using security logic of the transmitter, the security code; and in response to recognizing the security code, transmit a plurality of power transmission waves that forms a constructive interference pattern proximate to a location of the receiver. The receiver is further configured to: receive, via an antenna element of the receiver, energy from the plurality of power transmission waves; and charge, using electricity generated using the energy from the plurality of power transmission waves received by the antenna element of the receiver, the mobile electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the system further includes a secondary transmitter distinct and separate from the transmitter. The transmitter is further configured to, in response to determining that the receiver is outside a range of the transmitter, transmit the plurality of power transmission waves to the secondary transmitter; and the secondary transmitter is configured to re-transmit the plurality of power transmission waves that form a constructive interference pattern proximate to the location of the receiver. 
     In some embodiments, another example method includes, at a transmitter having a communications component, at least one processor, and a plurality of antenna elements: (i) receiving, by the communications component, a communication signal from a receiver that includes a security code; (ii) analyzing via the at least one processor, using security logic of the transmitter, the security code received from the receiver; and (iii) in response to recognizing the security code, transmitting, by at least some of the plurality of antenna elements, a plurality of power transmission waves that forms a constructive interference pattern proximate to a location of the receiver. In some embodiments, at least one antenna element of the receiver receives energy from the plurality of power transmission waves transmitted by the transmitter; and the receiver, using electricity generated from the plurality of power transmission waves received from the transmitter, charges or powers an electronic device that is coupled with the receiver. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of power transmission waves is a plurality of RF power transmission waves. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter is a far-field transmitter. 
       FIG. 11A  illustrates a law enforcement officer wearing a uniform with an integrated wireless power receiver, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In  FIG. 11A , a law enforcement officer is wearing a uniform with an integrated receiver  1104 . Uniform with an integrated receiver  1104  (e.g., an embodiment of the receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ) may include electrical devices  1102  such as radios, night vision goggles, and wearable cameras among others. Electrical devices  1102  may be coupled to receiver  1104  through wires strategically distributed in the uniform. Receiver  1104  may then have an array of sensor elements  128  distributed thereon. 
       FIGS. 11B-11D  illustrate wireless power transmitters integrated with various types of mobile law enforcement equipment (e.g., a police squad car and a SWAT team vehicle) for use in conjunction with law enforcement operations, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 11B  illustrates a mobile power source  1110  for police officers wearing uniforms with an integrated receiver  1104 . Mobile power source  1100  may also serve electrical devices  1102  coupled with receivers  1104  independently. In some embodiments, a police car  1112  may include a transmitter  1103  (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) which may be placed on top of siren  1114 . Transmitter  1103  may be coupled to any suitable battery management system in police car  1112  to get the power necessary to enable wireless power transmission. Transmitter  1103  may include an array of transducer elements  1105  which may be distributed along the edge of the structure located on top of siren  1114 . Transmitter  1103  may then transmit controlled RF waves  1116  which may converge in 3D space. These RF waves  1116  may be controlled through phase and/or relative amplitude adjustments to form constructive and destructive interference patterns (pocket-forming). Uniforms with an integrated receiver  1104  may then utilize pockets of energy produced by pocket-forming for charging or powering electrical devices  1102 . 
       FIG. 11C  illustrates a mobile power source  1120  for specialized police officers wearing uniforms with an integrated receiver  1104 . Mobile power source  1120  may also serve electrical devices  1102  coupled with receivers  1104  independently. In  FIG. 11C , a SWAT Mobile Command Truck  1122  may include a transmitter  1103  which may be placed on top of siren  1126 . Transmitter  1103  may be coupled to any suitable battery management system in SWAT Mobile Command Truck  1122  to get the power necessary to enable wireless power transmission. Transmitter  1103  may include an array of transducer elements  204  which may be distributed along the edge of the structure located on top of siren  1126 . Transmitter  1103  may then transmit controlled RF waves  1116  which may converge in 3D space. These RF  1116  may be controlled through phase and/or relative amplitude adjustments to form constructive and destructive interference patterns (pocket-forming). Uniforms with an integrated receiver  1104  may then utilize pockets of energy produced by pocket-forming for charging or powering electrical devices  1102 . 
       FIG. 11D  illustrates a mobile power source  1130  for remote controlled vehicles  1132  designed for espionage, detecting mines or disabling bombs that may be powered wirelessly. In this embodiment, remote control and power may be critical factors to prevent exposure or harm to police officers  1134 . In some embodiments, a police car  1136  may include a transmitter  1103 , which may be placed on top of siren  1140 . Transmitter  1103  may be coupled to any suitable battery management system in police car  1136  to get the power necessary to enable wireless power transmission. Transmitter  1103  may include an array of transducer elements  1105 , which may be distributed along the edge of the structure located on top of siren  1140 . Transmitter  1103  may then transmit controlled RF waves  116 , which may converge in 3D space. These RF waves  1116  may be controlled through phase and/or relative amplitude adjustments to form constructive and destructive interference patterns (pocket-forming). Remote controlled vehicle  1132  may be coupled with the receiver  1104 . The receiver  1104  may then utilize pockets of energy produced by pocket-forming for charging or powering remote controlled vehicle  1132 . 
     In summary, law enforcement officers may be required to carry a great deal of equipment which in most cases are electrical devices, the wireless power distribution system disclosed here may charge or power the electrical devices wirelessly. In some embodiments, the wireless power distribution system may include at least one transmitter coupled with any suitable battery management system in a Law Enforcement vehicle, in other embodiments, a Law Enforcement uniform may be coupled with wireless receiver components that may use the pockets of energy to charge or power the electrical devices. 
       FIGS. 11A-11D  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 11A-11D . 
     Presented below are example systems and methods of wireless power transmission in law enforcement applications. 
     In some embodiments, an example method for wireless power transmission for electrical devices used by law enforcement equipment is provided. The method includes: emitting RF waves from a pocket-forming transmitter each having an RF wave; integrated circuit, transducer elements, and communication circuitry; generating pockets of energy from the transmitter to converge in 3D space at predetermined locations within a predefined range; incorporating a receiver within a law enforcement uniform; attaching the electrical devices to the receiver; and convening the pockets of energy in 3D space from the transmitter to the receiver located within the law enforcement uniform to charge or power the electrical devices. In some embodiments, the electrical devices are radios, night vision goggles, wearable cameras, flashlights, sensors and other portable law enforcement electrical devices for use in law enforcement. In some embodiments, the electrical devices are coupled to the receiver through wires strategically distributed in the uniform. In some embodiments, the transmitter and receiver include transducer and sensor elements, respectively. 
     In some embodiments, an example apparatus for wireless power receipt by a law enforcement equipment device includes: a receiver configured to be removably coupled to an article of clothing and configured to communicate a security code to a transmitter, the receiver comprising: an antenna configured to receive a pocket of energy, the pocket of energy being generated in response to power transmission waves from the transmitter, the power transmission waves being transmitted upon recognition of the security code by the transmitter; and a rectifying circuit configured to convert the received pocket of energy into electricity to charge a law enforcement equipment removably coupled to the article of clothing. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver further communicates to the transmitter information including an identification, a location, and an indication of the power level of the law enforcement equipment. 
     In some embodiments, the antennas of the receiver are arranged as an array integrated into the article of clothing. 
     It should be noted that the embodiments described above in  FIGS. 10A-10C  equally apply to the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 11A-11D . 
       FIGS. 12A-12D  illustrate tracking systems that upload data to a cloud-based service for use in conjunction with wireless power transmission systems, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 12A  shows a wireless tracking system  1200  for determining the location of objects or living beings. In some embodiments, wireless tracking system  1200  may be applied in a wireless power transmission system using pocket-forming techniques. Transmitter  1202  (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) may be in house  1204  placed on a suitable location, such as on a wall, for an effective wireless power transmission to electronic device  1206 . Objects or living beings may use an electronic device  1206  with embedded or adapted receiver  1208 . Receiver  1208  (e.g., an embodiment of the receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ) may include components described in  FIG. 1  and transmitter  1202  may also include components described in  FIG. 1 . 
     While transmitter  1202  may charge or power receiver  1208 , micro-controller  208  (from transmitter  1202 ) may be able to process information provided by communications component from receiver  1208 , as described above. This information may be repeatedly uploaded to a cloud-based service  1210  to be stored in a database in determined intervals of time. Through data stored in database, the information may be read through a suitable interface such as computer software from any suitable computing device and from any suitable location. Transmitter  1202  may use a unique identifier of receiver  1208  for identifying and tracking electronic device  1206  from other devices. The unique identifier of receiver  1208  may be according to the type of communications component that may be used in receiver  1208 ; for example, if a protocol is used, the MAC address may be the unique identifier. This unique identifier may allow the information of electronic device  1206  with receiver  1208  to be mapped and stored in the database stored in cloud-based service  1210 . Other unique identifiers may include International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) numbers, which usually include a  15 -digit unique identifier associated with all GSM, UNITS and LTE network mobile users; Unique Device ID (UDID) from iPhones, iPads and Mods, comprising a combination of  40  numbers and letters set by Apple; Android ID, which is set by Google and created when a user first boots up the device; or International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), which is a unique identification associated with the subscriber identity module (SIM). Furthermore, a user may be able to obtain user credentials to access the database stored in a private or public cloud-based service  1210  to obtain the information of receiver  1208 . In some embodiments, cloud-based service  1210  may be public when the service, provided by the same transmitter  1202  or wireless manufacturer, is utilized in the public network by using only the user credentials for obtaining the desired information. And, cloud-based service  1210  may be private when transmitter  1202  may be adapted to a private network that has more restrictions besides user credentials. 
     In some embodiments, in order to track the location of a determined living being or object, a cloud-based service  1210  may be suitable for finding the location of receiver  1208 . For example, when receiver  1208  may not be in house  1204 , a user may be able to access with user credentials a suitable interface such as an Internet explorer, to visually depict the places where receiver  1208  was located, using information uploaded in database from the cloud-based service  1210 . Also, if receiver  1208  may reach power or charge from another transmitter  1202  located in public establishments such as stores, coffee shops, and libraries, among others, the information may be uploaded to cloud-based service  1210 , where the user may also be able to depict the information stored in the cloud-based service  1210 . 
     In some embodiments, wireless tracking system  1200  may be programmed to send notifications when living beings or objects are not in the place where it/she/he has to be. For example, if a cat is not at owner&#39;s home, a notification such as an interactive message may be sent to a cellphone notifying that the cat is not at home. This interactive message service may be adapted to cloud-based service  1210  as an extra service. The interactive message may be optionally sent to an e-mail or to computer software as it may be desired. Furthermore, additional information may be included in the interactive message such as current location, time, battery level of receiver  1208 , among other types of data. 
     In some embodiments, wireless tracking system  1200 , may operate when receiver  1208  includes at least one audio component, such as a speaker or microphone, which may enable location determination via sonic triangulation or other such methods. 
     In some embodiments, transmitter  1202  may be connected to an alarm system which may be activated when receiver  1208  is not located in the place where it has to be. 
     In one example,  FIG. 12B  shows a wireless tracking system  1200  for tracking the location of a dog  1212 . In some embodiments, dog  1212  is wearing a necklace collar  1214  that may include an integrated chip  1216  with an embedded receiver  1208 . Dog  1212  may be outside first room  1220  and inside second room  1222 . First room  1220  may be the place where dog  1212  lives; however dog  1212  escaped and arrived at second room  1222  (e.g., a coffee shop). In first room  1220 , a first transmitter  1202   a  (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) is hanging on a wall, and in second room  1222 , a second transmitter  1202   b  (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) is hanging on a wall. First transmitter  1202   a  detects that dog  1212  is not at home, here the interruption of RF waves  104  transmission to receiver  1208  from necklace collar  1214  allows first transmitter  1202   a  to detect the absence of dog  1212  in first room  1220 . In some embodiments, the type of communication component to communicate first transmitter  1202   a  or second transmitter  1202   b  with receiver  1208 , is a WI-FI protocol. 
     Subsequently, the owner of dog  1212  receives a message notification informing him/her that his/her dog  1212  is outside first room  1220 . When dog  1212  arrived at second room  1222 , receiver  1208  received RF waves  116  from second transmitter  1202   b , while this second transmitter  1202   b  detects the presence of a new receiver  1208  and uploads the location and time to database stored in the public cloud-based service  1228 . Afterwards, the owner of dog  1212  accesses public cloud-based service  1228  through a smartphone application for tracking the location of dog  1212 . The owner may have his/her credentials to access cloud-based service  1228 , where the user account is mapped with MAC address of first transmitter  1202   a  and receiver  1208 . In the cloud-based service  1228 , a display is provided with the locations with determined times where dog  1212  has been during its absence from first room  1220 , using the MAC address of receiver  1208 . Finally, the owner is now able to rescue his/her dog  1212  by knowing the current location where dog  1212  is. 
     In another example,  FIG. 12C  shows a wireless tracking system  1200  for tracking and controlling the location of a woman  1230  that has conditional liberty in her house  1238 , in this example, woman  1230  is wearing an ankle monitor  1232  that may include a GPS chip  1216  with an adapted receiver  1208  to charge its battery. Ankle monitor  1232  receives RF waves  116  from transmitter  1202  that is hanging on a wall from house  1238 . Receiver  1208  communicates with transmitter  1202  through a ZIGBEE protocol. In this case, the unique identifier which is used to identify receiver  1208  is Personal Area Network Identifier (PAN ID). Receiver  1208  sends information to transmitter  1202  about the battery status, how many times battery has been charged, battery age indicator, and cycle efficiency. This information may be uploaded to a private cloud-based service  1240  which, is monitored by a police station that supervises woman  1230 . Further, transmitter  1202  may include an alarm system which may be activated when receiver  1208  is not receiving RF waves  116  or/and woman  1230  is not in house  1238 . This alarm system provides an audio RF alert, while transmitter  1202  sends a notification to computer software of police office. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12C , woman  1230  escaped house  1238 ; therefore the alarm system is activated providing audio sound alert and a police office receives a message notification informing it that woman  1230  is outside house  1238 . Then, a police officer detects the location of woman  1230  in a map using the GPS chip  1216  from ankle monitor  1232 . Further, the police officer accesses the private cloud-based network to monitor the battery life and the last time when receiver  1208  received RF waves  116 . The police officer may also have his/her credentials to access the private cloud-based service  1240 , where the user account is mapped with PAN ID of transmitter  1202 . In addition, if the woman  1230  arrived to a public place such as coffee shop, receiver  1208  may upload information and location of the woman  1230  to public cloud-based service  1240  which may be transferred to private cloud-based service  1240 ; this operation is used as a back-up tracking system in case GPS does not work appropriately. Finally, the woman  1230  may be found and handcuffed by police officer due to location was provided by GPS and/or private-cloud based service. 
     In one more example,  FIG. 12D  shows a wireless tracking system  1200  for tracking and controlling commodities of generators  1242  stored inside a warehouse  1243 . Here, one transmitter  1202  is used, which is hanging on a wall of warehouse  1243 . Each generator  1242  has an electronic tag  1244  with an adapted receiver  1208 . Transmitter  1202  may transfer RF waves  116  to each receiver  1208  for powering and tracking each electronic tag  1244 . The communication component used in these receivers  1208  is a BLUETOOTH protocol. In this embodiment, the unique identifier is U LIII for the BLUETOOTH protocol. If one or more generators are illegally removed from warehouse  1243 , transmitter  1202  activates an alarm and notifies a security guard through an interactive message informing him/her that one or more generators  1242  are being stolen. The security guard accesses a cloud-based service  1250  through an application and identifies generators  1242  that were stolen through UUID of each electronic tag  1244 . The security guard receives another interactive message informing the current location of the stolen generators  1242 , in which this information was obtained when receivers  1208  from electronic tags  1244  receive RF waves  116  from other transmitter  1202 . This other transmitter  1202  may upload the information of the current location of the stolen generators, allowing the guard to find these generators  1242 . 
       FIGS. 12A-12D  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 12A-12D . 
     Presented below are example methods of wireless power transmission in tracking systems. 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes: (i) transmitting, by a transmitter, a plurality of wireless power transmission waves; (ii) defining, by the transmitter, a pocket of energy via the waves whereby a receiver is configured to interface with the pocket of energy to charge an electronic device coupled to the receiver; (iii) receiving, by the transmitter, a signal from the receiver based on the receiver interfacing with the pocket of energy; and (iv) tracking, by the transmitter, the electronic device based on the signal from the receiver, and the electronic device is associated with a living being or object. 
     In some embodiments, the signal includes a unique identifier associated with the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the unique identifier includes at least one of a media access control (MAC) address, an International Mobile Equipment identity number, a  15 -digit unique identifier for at least one of a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, and a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, a Unique Device ID for at least one of a smartphone and a portable music player, an Android advertising ID, and an International Mobile Subscriber identity for a SIM card. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter includes a controller and a communication device coupled to the controller, and the communication device is configured to communicate with the receiver in order to control the tracking. 
     In some embodiments, the signal includes information corresponding to at least one of a battery level of the electronic device, a geographical location of the electronic device, and a unique identifier associated with the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes uploading, by the transmitter, the information to a cloud based service. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device is at least one of a bracelet, a necklace, a belt, a ring, an ear chip, and a watch. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver is coupled to at least one of a global positioning system (GPS) chip and a real-time location system chip. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes decoding, by the transmitter, a short RF signal to identify at least one of a gain and a phase of the receiver, and the decoding facilitates a determination of a geographical location of the receiver; and tracking, by the transmitter, the device based on the decoding. 
     In some embodiments, another example method includes: (i) transmitting, by a set of a plurality of antennas of a transmitter, a plurality of power waves, such that at least a portion of the plurality of power waves are phase shifted by the transmitter to converge to form a first constructive interference pattern at a first location of a receiver that is coupled with an electronic device; (ii) receiving, by a communications device of the transmitter, a signal from the receiver, the signal indicating a geographical location of the electronic device coupled to the receiver, a power level of a battery of the electronic device, and a unique identifier associated with the electronic device; (iii) storing, by the transmitter, into a database configured to store device data associated with one or more electronic devices, the geographical location and the unique identifier; and (iv) transmitting, by the set of the plurality of antennas of the transmitter, the plurality of power waves while receiving the signal from the receiver, such that at least a portion of the plurality of power waves are phase shifted by the transmitter to converge to form a second constructive interference pattern, distinct from the first constructive interference pattern, at the second location of the receiver, and the second location is based on at least one of the geographical location of the electronic device, the power level of the battery of the electronic device, and the unique identifier associated with the electronic device, and the receiver is configured to harvest energy from the first and second constructive interference patterns to at least partially power the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes: (i) identifying, by the transmitter, a new geographical location of the receiver based upon the signal received from the receiver; and (ii) updating, by the transmitter, the device data of the electronic device stored in one or more storage media according to at least one geographical location received from the signal, in response to identifying the new geographical location based on the signal. 
     In some embodiments, storing the geographical location into the database further includes: uploading, by the transmitter, the geographical location of the electronic device to the database of a cloud-based service. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes: (i) determining whether the second location (e.g., the new geographic location) of the receiver indicates that the electronic device is located within a predetermined location; and (ii) in accordance with a determination that the second location of the receiver indicates that the electronic device is not located within the predetermined location, sending a notification to a user other than a user associated with the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes: (i) determining whether the second location (e.g., the new geographic location) of the receiver indicates that the electronic device is located within a predetermined location; and (ii) in accordance with a determination that the second location of the receiver indicates that the electronic device is not located within the predetermined location, activating an alarm system that is connected to the transmitter. 
       FIGS. 13A-13D  illustrate wireless power transmission systems powered with alternative energy sources, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 13A  illustrates a wireless power transmission system (WPT)  1300  where a transmitter  1302 , similar to transmitter  102  described in  FIG. 1  above, utilizes at least one solar panel  1304  as power supply for providing wireless power, through pocket-forming, to users wanting to charge their electronic devices. In this embodiment, a bus stop station may include solar panel  1304  in its roof  1306  for providing solar power to transmitter  1302 . Users at such a bus stop station may power their electronic devices, wirelessly through pocket forming, while waiting for transportation. In this embodiment, one user may charge a tablet  1308  while another user may power a BLUETOOTH headset  1310 . Both electronic devices, i.e., tablet  1308  and/or headset  1310  may include receivers suitable for pocket forming (e.g., an embodiment of the receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ). Moreover, the aforementioned bus stop station may include an energy storing unit  1312  for saving surplus solar energy. Such energy storing unit  1312  may function as battery component for transmitter  1302 . WPT  1300  may be beneficial because users can power devices using alternative sources of energy different from coal or fuel oils. Moreover, electronic devices can be charged while traveling without requiring any wired connections and without the inconveniences typically associated with carrying chargers. The disclosed arrangement could also be employed in train stations, airports and other such places. Furthermore, energy storing unit  1312  can be used to provide power at such locations during the night, or during poor solar conditions. 
       FIG. 13B  illustrates a wireless power transmission system (WPT)  1320  where either one or a plurality of transmitters  1322  can be used to provide wireless power, through pocket-forming, to pedestrians wanting to charge electronic devices. As in the previous embodiment from  FIG. 13A , transmitter  1322  can utilize solar panels  1324  as power supply. In addition, transmitter  1322  and solar panel  1324  can be placed in lamp pole structures and can be seen as mainstream infrastructure. Solar panels  1324  for this application can be from about 10 feet to about 30 feet in size. In this embodiment, pedestrians may charge their electronic devices, which may operatively be coupled to, attached to, or otherwise include receivers suitable for pocket-forming, while walking on the street on their way to work or while enjoying foods or beverages in food carts and the like. In some embodiments, WPT  1320  can be used wherever a lamp pole structure can be placed, for example, in parks, bridges and the like. In other variations of WPT  1320 , pedestrians may charge portable rechargeable batteries  1326  which upon charging may be utilized at their homes or work sites. This foregoing embodiment may be beneficial for regions where electricity may be scarce, for example, in villages or in third world contexts. Moreover, electric companies can set up dedicated stations for powering such batteries  1326  and may charge a fee based on the amount of power requested. WPT  1320  may lead to spreading green infrastructures for power handling and distribution. Such an example can be seen in  FIG. 13C  below. 
       FIG. 13C  illustrates a wireless power transmission system (WPT)  1330  where a transmitter  1332  may utilize a typical wind turbine  1334  as power supply. By using the power of the wind and the components typically associated with wind turbine  1334 , power can be delivered wirelessly, through transmitter  1332  and pocket-forming, to houses or dedicated regions without utilizing wires, thereby reducing the cost associated with the distribution of energy. In addition, wireless power can be used by any user in the region utilizing a pocket-forming enabled device, i.e., utilizing devices which may operatively he coupled to, attached to or otherwise include receivers suitable for pocket-forming. 
       FIG. 13D  illustrates a wireless power transmission system (WPT)  1340  where a portable assembly  1342  for delivering power wirelessly may be utilized. Assembly  1342  may include a power module  1344  which may further include a power source and a transmitter (not shown), a battery component  1346  for storing surplus energy, and a collapsible pole structure  1348  for mounting the aforementioned components. Pole structure  1348  can be made of a suitable material, for example aluminum, which provides high strength, durability, and low weight. Pole structure  1348  when extended can be of about  10  to 30 feet in height. In its top part, a power source, such as a solar panel  1350  (included in module  1344 ) may be placed. Then, a transmitter  1350  (also from module  1344 ) may be attached to pole structure  1348  by suitable mechanical means such as brackets, fasteners, and the like. Moreover, transmitter  1352  may electrically be connected to solar panel  1350  to utilize solar energy for providing wireless power. Lastly, battery component  1346  may also be connected to store surplus energy which can be used to provide power during the night, or during poor solar conditions. Finished Assembly  1342  can be seen in centered in  FIG. 13D . This configuration for WPT  1340  can be beneficial when users requiring power find themselves in areas where electricity may be scarce, for example, in villages in the third world, in jungles, deserts, while navigating in the ocean, or any other situation or location where power may not be accessible. 
       FIGS. 13A-13D  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 13A-13D . 
     Presented below are example methods of wirelessly delivering power to receivers using renewable energy source. 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes transmitting controlled RF waves from a transmitter that converge to form pockets of energy in 3D space for powering a portable electronic device, connecting an alternate energy source to the transmitter to provide power to the transmitter, and capturing the pockets of energy by a receiver to charge or power the electronic device connected to the receiver. 
     In some embodiments, another example method includes: (i) receiving, by an antenna of a receiver associated with the mobile electronic device, a pocket of energy generated in response to transmission signal waves emitted by a pocket-forming transmitter coupled to a power source, the power source configured to use alternative energy; and (ii) converting, by a rectifying circuit of the receiver, the received pocket of energy into electricity to charge the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the power source is configured to use alternative energy includes a solar panel. In some embodiments, the solar panel is of a predetermined size and mounted on a pole configured to extend reach of the transmission signal waves emitted by the pocket-forming transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the power source is configured to use alternative energy includes a wind turbine. 
       FIGS. 14A-14B  illustrate wireless power transmission systems for logistic services, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 14A  shows a wireless power transmission system  1400  where a transmitter  1402  (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) may be located on or within a delivery vehicle  1404 , according to an embodiment. Delivery vehicle  1404  may be a postal truck, a pizza truck, armored truck for bank services and the like. Transmitter  1402  may use a diesel generator as power source, however, other power sources such as, alternator of vehicle  1404 , photovoltaic cells, and the like may be employed too. Transmitter  1402  may generate and direct RF waves  116  ( FIG. 1 ) towards the receivers embedded or attached to electronic devices such as laptops, GPS, radios, cellphones, tablets among others. In addition, transmitter  1402  in delivery vehicle  1404  may wirelessly extend the life of batteries in the previously mentioned devices during the operation. 
     Transmitter  1402  may be in a door, wall, top of the delivery vehicle  1404  and the like. Furthermore, other transmitter  1402  configurations may be used in dependency of the region and requirement, such requirement may include transmitter  1402  on telescopic mast for increasing range. 
       FIG. 14B  shows warehouse  1410  where one or more transmitters  1412  may be located in walls or ceiling for powering and charging electronic devices, such electronic devices may include tablets, laptops, cellphones, radios, lifters, hoists and the like. Transmitter  1412  may be connected to an electrical grid which may operate as power source, other power sources may be employed too. Transmitter  1412  may generate and direct RF waves  116  towards the receivers  120  embedded or attached to electronic devices such as laptops, GPS, radios, cellphones, hoists, tablets among others. In addition, transmitter  1412  may wirelessly extend the life of batteries in the previously mentioned devices during the operation. 
     Transmitter  1412  may be in wall, ceiling of the warehouse  1410  and the like. Furthermore, other transmitter  1412  configurations may be used in dependency of the region and requirement, such requirement may include transmitter  1412  on telescopic mast for increasing range. 
       FIGS. 14A-14B  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 14A-14B . 
     Presented below is an example method of wirelessly delivering power to receivers used in logistic services. 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes: (i) communicating, by a receiver associated with the electronic logistics device, a power requirement for the electronic logistics device to a transmitter, (ii) receiving, by an antenna of the receiver, a pocket of energy generated in response to power transmission waves emitted by the transmitter, and (iii) converting, by a rectifying circuit of the receiver, the received pocket of energy into electricity to charge the electronic logistics device. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver includes a power converter and a communication component to establish communication with the transmitter when the electronic logistics device is within a predetermined distance from the pocket-forming transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the communication component communicates with the transmitter through a transmission signal using a protocol selected from the group consisting of: BLUETOOTH®, WI-FI®, ZIGBEE®, or FM radio. 
       FIG. 15A  is an illustration showing a wireless power transmission system  1500  used for charging one or more peripheral devices via a transmitter (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) associated with a laptop computer (e.g., a laptop with an embedded transmitter and which may also include an embedded receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ), in accordance with some embodiments. The peripheral devices may include a headset  1510 , a keyboard  1512 , a mouse  1514 , and a smartphone  1516 , among others. In some embodiments, these peripheral devices may operate wirelessly with laptop computer through BLUETOOTH communication, and may include rechargeable batteries that are charged using wirelessly delivery power, as described below. 
     A transmitter (which may be embedded within the laptop  1520 ) may transmit controlled RF waves  116  which may converge in 3D space to form a pocket of energy near one or more of the peripheral devices. These RF waves  116  may be controlled through phase and/or relative amplitude adjustments to form constructive and destructive interference patterns (pocket-forming). Pockets of energy  1518  may be formed as constructive interference patterns and may be 3Dimensional in shape, while null-spaces may be generated using destructive interference of RF waves. As explained above, respective receivers  120  embedded in the peripheral devices convert energy from the RF waves that have accumulated in the pockets of energy  1518  to usable power for charging or powering batteries in the peripheral devices. 
     In some embodiments, the laptop computer  1520  may be connected to a conventional wall outlet for charging its battery to suitable levels, while providing wireless power transmission to the peripheral devices. 
       FIG. 15B  is an exploded view of a laptop screen  1522 , showing components including an embedded wireless power transmitter  102  with transducer elements  110  ( FIG. 1 ), in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the laptop screen  1522  may be formed of different layers, including a front transparent screen layer  1524 , a polarized film layer  1526 , a LED/LCD back-light layer  1525 , and a frame  1523 . In some embodiments, transmitter  102  may be integrated in the screen, specifically between LED/LCD back-light layer  1525  and frame  1523 . As shown in  FIG. 15B , the transmitter  102  may include a plurality of transducer elements  110  facing out of the screen. This configuration of transducer elements  110  may allow suitable transmission of RF waves towards the peripheral devices discussed above in reference to  FIG. 15A . In other embodiments, the transmitter  102  may be embedded in circuitry elements or metal mesh (touchscreen versions) of the screen. 
       FIG. 15C  is an exploded view of a laptop screen  1530 , showing components including an embedded wireless power transmitter  102  with transducer elements  110  and an embedded wireless power receiver  1532  (e.g., an embodiment of receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ), in accordance with some embodiments. The laptop screen  1530  may be formed of different layers, as described above in reference to  FIG. 15B . In some embodiments, the transmitter  102  may be integrated between LED/LCD back-light layer  1525  and frame  1523 , while receiver  1532  may be integrated along frame  1523 . As shown in  FIG. 15C , in some embodiments, transducer elements  110  of transmitter  102  may pointing out of the screen  1530 , while sensor elements  1534  of receiver  1532  may be embedded around the edges of frame  1523  for allowing reception of RF waves from sources or transmitters at different locations. 
     The location and configuration of transmitter  102  and receiver  1532  in laptop computer screen  1530  may vary according to the application. In some embodiments, the receiver  1532  may be configured in a middle of the back of frame  1523  and may include high directional sensor elements  1536  that can be oriented towards a transmitter in proximity to the laptop computer  1520  for receiving suitable wirelessly power transmission that may be used to power the laptop  1520 . In other embodiments, laptop computer screen  1530  may include a single transmitter  102  that may also operate as a receiver  120 , in which case, transmitter  102  may use same transducer elements  110  for transmitting and receiving RF waves. That is, the transmitter embedded in laptop computer screen  1530  may switch between those transducer elements  110  receiving RF waves for charging a battery of the laptop or transmitting RF waves for charging batteries in peripheral devices. An algorithm executed by a microcontroller of the laptop may be used to control the switching between transmitting and receiving RF waves. 
       FIG. 15D  is an illustration showing the wireless power transmission system  1500  of  FIG. 15A , in which the laptop computer  1520  is also configured with an embedded receiver  120 , so that the laptop  1520  may receive and transmit RF waves in a substantially simultaneous fashion, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, one or more separate transmitters  1540  may direct RF waves  116  towards edges of the laptop computer&#39;s screen where sensor elements of the embedded receiver may be integrated (not shown). In this way, pockets of energy may be captured by the sensor elements and utilized by the embedded receiver to charge a battery of the laptop  1520 . Simultaneously, an embedded transmitter  102  (not shown), may direct RF waves towards one or more peripheral devices. 
     In some embodiments, transmitter  1540  may include a higher amperage power source such as a standard 120/220 volts AC house connection compared to transmitter  102  embedded in the laptop, which may obtain power from only from a battery of the laptop. This may allow the transmitter  1540  to have a wider wireless charging range as compared to the embedded transmitter of the laptop. In some embodiments, the various peripheral devices  1510 ,  1512 ,  1514 , and  1516  may receive wirelessly delivered power from either or both of the transmitter  1540  and the embedded transmitter of the laptop. In some embodiments, an algorithm processed by a microcontroller of the laptop and/or the transmitter  1540  may coordinate wirelessly power delivery operations between the transmitters. For example, this algorithm may decide which transmitter should send RF waves to wirelessly charge peripheral devices, depending on proximity and/or energy levels of a battery in the laptop computer. 
       FIG. 15E  is a flow diagram of a method of wireless power transmission that may be implemented for charging one or more peripheral devices using a laptop computer (e.g., the laptop discussed above in reference to  FIGS. 15A-15D ), in accordance with some embodiments. 
     Wireless power transmission process  1550  may begin by selecting one or more transmitters in range, at block  1552 . One or more peripheral devices may require wireless charging, in which case, one or more transmitters in a room, or an embedded transmitter  102  of the laptop may be selected if they are within a suitable range. For example, if a smartphone is not within a suitable charging distance from the laptop (e.g., not in the table, or within 3-4 feet of the laptop), then a higher power transmitter  1540  may be selected for delivering wireless power. In some embodiments, a wireless charging distance for the embedded transmitter of the laptop may be within a range of about 1 to 3 meters, and if peripheral devices are outside this range, then they instead will be wirelessly charged by transmitter  1540 . 
     The laptop may also include a software application that may provide information about distance, charging levels, efficiency, location, and optimum positioning of the laptop computer with respect to peripheral devices and transmitter  1540 . 
     After selecting the transmitter within the optimal charging range, wireless power transmission process  1550  may continue by checking charge levels of the battery in the laptop, at block  1554 . This check may be performed by a control module included in the laptop (not shown) or by a microcontroller included with the transmitted embedded in the laptop. In some embodiments, a charge level of the laptop must be above a certain threshold to allow the laptop to transmit wireless power. For example, minimum and maximum charging thresholds may be established at about 25% and 99% of total charge, respectively. That is, if battery charge is below the minimum threshold or 25%, then the laptop must be connected to a power outlet or it may receive wireless charging from transmitter  1540 . When battery charge is at 99% or at least above 25%, the laptop  102  may transmit RF waves for charging peripheral devices that are within range. 
     Wireless power transmission process  1550  may continue at block  1556 , where a communications component of the embedded transmitter or transmitter  698  may identify one or more peripheral devices that may require wireless charging. In some embodiments, priority charging orders are established and utilized to ensure that the one or more peripheral devices are charged in a particular order. 
     After the one or more peripheral devices are identified and charging priorities/parameters in the embedded transmitter or transmitter  1540  are set, transmission of RF waves towards designated peripheral devices can begin, at block  1558 , where these RF waves may constructively interfere to generate pockets of energy proximate to the peripheral devices, which pockets of energy may be converted by respective embedded receivers to usable power for powering or charging the one or more peripheral devices, sequentially or simultaneously. 
     Using a communications component, the embedded transmitter of the laptop or transmitter  1540  on the wall may continuously check if there are other peripheral devices that may require wireless charging or powering, at block  1560 . If new or additional peripheral devices are identified, then either transmitter may wirelessly charge the newly identified peripheral devices according to the established charging priorities, optimum ranges, battery levels and/or other parameters. If no further peripheral devices are recognized or need wireless charging, then wireless power transmission process  1550  may end. 
       FIGS. 15A-15E  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 15A-15E . 
     Presented below are example systems and methods of wirelessly delivering power to receivers using a transmitter coupled to an electronic device (e.g., a laptop). 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes, embedding a pocket-forming transmitter in a screen display of the computer system; transmitting power RF waves from the pocket-forming transmitter having a radio frequency integrated circuit, antenna elements, a microprocessor and communication circuitry; generating pockets of energy from the transmitter to converge in 3D space at predetermined locations; integrating a receiver having antenna elements and communication circuitry within the electronic device; and converting the pockets of energy from the transmitter to the integrated receiver to power the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the computer system is a laptop, notebook or nano-notebook. In some embodiments, computer system is a desktop computer, a tablet, iPad, iPhone, smartphone or other peripheral portable electronic devices. 
     In some embodiments, the computer system includes an embedded receiver whereby a separate transmitter in proximity to the computer system powers the computer system while the transmitter of the computer system wirelessly charges the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, another example method includes, receiving, at a computer system that is coupled to a first transmitter (e.g., directly, mechanically coupled to), information identifying a location of a receiver device that requires charging, and the location is within a predetermined range of the computer system; in accordance with a determination that a charge level of the computer system is sufficient to allow the computer system to provide wireless power to the receiver device, transmitting a first set of power waves, via a plurality of antennas of the first wireless power transmitter, that converge proximate to the location of the receiver device to form a pocket of energy at the location; and while transmitting the first set of power waves that converge proximate to the location of the receiver device to form the pocket of energy at the location: (i) receiving, at the computer system, a second set of power waves from a second wireless power transmitter, distinct and separate from the first wireless power transmitter, and (ii) charging the computer system by converting energy from the second set of power waves into usable electricity. 
     In some embodiments, the first transmitter is integrated between a back-light layer and a frame of a screen display of the computer system. 
     In some embodiments, the first transmitter is embedded in a screen of the computer system. 
       FIGS. 16A-16B  are illustrations of game controllers that are coupled with wireless power receivers, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 16A , a receiver  120  may be integrated on a front side of the game controller  1602 , and the receiver  120  may include an array of sensor elements strategically distributed to match the game controller&#39;s design. 
     In  FIG. 16B , another game controller  1604  is shown and that controller includes a receiver  120  that is integrated with an additional case  1606  to provide wireless power receiver capabilities to the game controller  1604 . Case  1606  may be made out of plastic rubber or any other suitable material for cases, and it may include an array of sensor elements located on the back side of the case, which number and type may be calculated according to the game controller design. Case may also be connected to game controller  1604  through a cable  1608 , or in other embodiments, the case  1606  may be attached to a surface of the game controller  1604 . 
       FIGS. 16C-16G  illustrate various wireless power transmission systems in which power is wirelessly delivered to electronic devices using RF waves, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 16C  illustrates a wireless power delivery system  1610  that wirelessly transmits power to game controllers  1612 , using pocket-forming. In some embodiments, transmitter  102  may be located at the ceiling of a living room pointing downwards, and may transmit controlled RF waves  116  which may converge in 3D space. The amplitude of the RF waves  116  may be controlled through phase and/or relative amplitude adjustments to form constructive and destructive interference patterns (pocket-forming), and produce controlled pockets of energy  1614 . Receiver  120 , embedded or attached to game controllers  1612 , may then utilize energy from the pockets of energy for charging or powering an electronic device. 
     In  FIG. 16D , the transmitter  102  is coupled with a game console  1615 , and the receivers embedded within respective game controllers  1612  wirelessly receive RF waves from the transmitter  102  and then convert energy from the RF waves that has accumulated in pockets of energy  1614  into usable power. 
     In  FIG. 16E , the transmitter  102  is coupled with a game console  1615  via a cable  1616  (such as a USB cable), and the receivers embedded within respective game controllers  1612  wirelessly receive RF waves from the transmitter  102  and then convert energy from the RF waves that has accumulated in pockets of energy  1614  into usable power. In some embodiments, the game console  1615  produces power along the cable  1616 , and the transmitter uses that power to generate RF waves that are then transmitted to the game controllers  1612  for charging and powering purposes, as described above. 
       FIG. 16F  illustrates a wireless power delivery system  1620  where various electronic devices, for example a smartphone  1622 , a tablet  1624 , and a laptop  1626  may receive power, through pocket-forming techniques (as described throughout this detailed description), utilizing a transmitter  102  at a predefined range  1621 . In some embodiments, these devices may include embedded receivers  120  (or be otherwise operatively coupled to receivers) and capacitors for obtaining necessary power for performing their intended functions. In some embodiments the system  1620  may be utilized in retail stores where interaction between electronic devices (used for showcase) and potential buyers may be limited due to the presence of wired connections. A potential buyer  1628  may be interested in acquiring a tablet  1629  and, because the system  1620  has been implemented, the buyer  1628  may interact freely with the tablet  1629  before purchasing, but subject to certain restrictions. For example, were buyer  1628  to step out of the range at which transmitter  102  wirelessly delivers power, tablet  1629  may no longer operate (as can be seen in the rightmost part of  FIG. 16F  for another buyer). In some embodiments, the transmitter  102  may also detect when a tablet or other device travels outside of its range, and may then issue an alarm. 
     The wireless power delivery system of  FIG. 16F  may be applied to other settings, such as educational environments  1630 , as shown in  FIG. 16G . For example, in educational programs for developing or unprivileged cities, regions and countries, teachers and students may be provided with tablets, electronic readers, laptops or even virtual glasses for imparting and. taking notes during lectures. However, such equipment may be expensive. Therefore, measures for preventing unauthorized usage of such devices may be employed. For example, devices may be wired to school chairs so that they may not be taken outside classrooms. However, utilizing electronic devices with embedded wireless power receivers may improve the foregoing situation. In some embodiments, a transmitter  102  inside a classroom may provide wireless power, through pocket-forming techniques, to various electronic devices with embedded receivers and capacitors (not shown), for example an e-reader  1632 , a laptop  1634 , and virtual glasses  1636  which may be used by different users in the educational setting. The foregoing electronic devices may become inoperable outside the range of transmitter  102 , as can be seen in the rightmost part of  FIG. 16G . 
       FIG. 16H  illustrates an improved rollable electronic paper display  1640  used to explain certain advantages of wireless power transmission systems, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the display  1640  is produced using flexible organic light emitting diodes (FOLED). In some embodiments, the display  1640  may include at least one embedded receiver  1642  (e.g., an embodiment of the receiver  120  described herein) with a capacitor in one of its corners. Thus, the circuitry for providing power to rollable electronic paper display  1640  may be confined to only a fraction of its surface area, This may improve transparency of the rollable electronic paper display  1640 . In other embodiments, an e-reader including the aforementioned receivers and capacitors, may diminish its weight considerably, as well as improve its display brightness. Currently, the weight of e-readers may be driven by their batteries, e.g., up to about 60% to about 80% of the total weight. However, by utilizing the structured described here, batteries may not be required to be as powerful, thereby reducing overall size and weight of the batteries, and in turn diminishing weight of e-readers. Moreover, by diminishing such weight considerably, e-readers can be made thinner. In some embodiments, previous volume used up for battery allocation, can be distributed to increase display capacity. 
       FIGS. 16A-16H  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 16A-16H . 
     Presented below are example methods of wirelessly delivering power to receivers in controllers and other devices. 
     In some embodiments, an example method of wirelessly supplying power to a game controller includes: (i) receiving, by a transmitter, a communication signal indicating a power requirement from a game controller; (ii) generating, by the transmitter, one or more power transmission waves in response to the communication signal from the game controller; (iii) controlling, by the transmitter, the generated power transmission waves, and the transmitter shifts a phase and a gain of a power transmission wave with respect to other power transmission waves based on the communication signal; and (iv) transmitting, by the transmitter, the one or more power transmission waves through at least two antennas coupled to the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, by the transmitter, an indication of power remaining in a battery coupled to the game controller and a location of the game controller. 
     In some embodiments, the game controller is coupled to a receiver, the receiver configured to receive a pocket of energy from the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver includes a plurality of antennas adapted to be a part of an external cover of the game controller. 
     In some embodiments, another example method includes: (i) receiving, by a transmitter and from a receiver coupled with a game controller, a communication signal indicating a power requirement of the game controller; (ii) in response to receiving the communication signal from the receiver: determining a location of the game controller based on the communication signal; and generating, by the transmitter, a plurality of radio frequency (RF) power transmission waves; and (iii) controlling, by the transmitter, transmission of the generated plurality of RF power transmission waves through at least two antenna elements coupled to the transmitter, and the transmitter shifts a phase and a gain of a respective RF power transmission wave with respect to other respective RF power transmission waves so that the plurality of RF power transmission waves converges to form a constructive interference pattern in proximity to the determined location of the game controller. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver is coupled with the game controller via an external cover of the game controller, and the receiver includes a plurality of antennas adapted to be a part of the external cover of the game controller. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter is a far-field transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes, in response to receiving an additional communication signal from an additional receiver coupled to an additional game controller, and the additional receiver is distinct from the receiver and the additional game controller is distinct from the game controller: controlling, by the transmitter, transmission of an additional plurality of RF power transmission waves so that the additional plurality of RF power transmission waves converges to form an additional constructive interference pattern in proximity to a location of the additional game controller, and the location of the additional game controller is determined by the transmitter based on the additional communication signal. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter is coupled with a game console, and generating the plurality of RF power transmission waves includes generating the plurality of RF power transmission waves using power received from the game console. 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes: (i) connecting a pocket-forming transmitter to a power source; (ii) generating RF waves from a RF circuit embedded within the transmitter; (iii) controlling the generated RF waves with a digital signal processor m the transmitter; (iv) transmitting the RF waves through antenna elements connected to the transmitter within a predefined range; and (v) capturing the RF waves formiug pockets of energy converging in 3D space at a receiver with antenna elements connected to the electronic device within the predefined range to convert the pockets of energy into a DC voltage for charging or powering the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter identifies each electronic device within the predefined range and delivers power to each approved electronic device through pocket-forming but disables, locks out and removes power from each electronic device when the approved electronic device is moved out of the range of the transmitter for security reasons. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter identifies each receiver requesting power and then only powers approved electronic devices within the predefined range of the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes generating multiple pockets of energy from the pocket-forming transmitter to power or charge multiple, approved electronic devices in an educational setting within the predefined range of the transmitter. In some embodiments, the electronic devices in the educational setting are tablets, electronic readers, laptops, virtual glasses or smartphones provided wireless power through pocket-forming whenever in range of the transmitter but disabled whenever outside of the predefined range of the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, another example method includes, transmitting, by a plurality of antennas of a transmitter, a plurality of power waves forming a constructive interference pattern at a location of a receiver, and the receiver is configured to receive power waves only from the transmitter when the receiver is within a predefined distance threshold from the transmitter; and detecting, based on communications signals received from the receiver, that the receiver has moved to a new location. In response to detecting that the receiver has moved to the new location, determining, by a controller of the transmitter, whether the new location of the receiver is within the predefined distance threshold; in response to determining by the controller of the transmitter that the new location is within the predefined distance threshold, adjusting, by the controller of the transmitter, the plurality of antennas such that transmission of the plurality of power waves forms a new constructive interference pattern at the new location of the receiver. The method further includes, in response to determining that the new location is not within the predefined distance threshold, providing, by the transmitter, an indication that the receiver is not within the predefined distance threshold, and the receiver is configured to be inoperable upon exceeding the predefined distance threshold from the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the transmitter: (i) identifies a plurality of receivers, including the receiver, as being within the predefined distance threshold; (ii) delivers power to each approved receiver of the plurality of receivers through one or more constructive interference patterns formed by convergence of power waves in proximity to each approved receiver; and (iii) ceases delivering power to a respective approved receiver when the respective approved receiver is moved out of the predefined distance threshold from the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, providing the indication includes issuing an alarm. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes, in response to determining by the controller of the transmitter that the new location is within the predefined distance threshold, determining, based on the communications signals received from the receiver, an optimum time and location for forming the new constructive interference pattern at the new location of the receiver. 
       FIGS. 17A-17G  illustrate various articles (e.g., heating blanket, heating sock, heating glove, warming jacket, shirt, cap, and cooling shirt) with embedded wireless power receivers, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In particular,  FIG. 17A  shows a heating blanket  1700 , according to an embodiment, which includes a heating circuit  1701 , receivers  120  flexible batteries  1702 ;  FIG. 17B  illustrates a heating sock  1704  with a heating circuit  1701 , a receiver  120  and flexible rechargeable batteries  1702 ;  FIG. 17C  shows a heating glove  1705  with a heating circuit  1701 , a receiver  120  and batteries  1702 ;  FIG. 17D  illustrates a heating jacket  1706  that includes heating patches  1707 , a receiver  120  and flexible batteries  1702 ;  FIG. 17E  shows a shirt  1708  with a display  1702 , a receiver  120 , and flexible batteries  1702 ;  FIG. 17F  illustrates a cap  1711  with a display, a receiver, and flexible batteries; and  FIG. 17G  shows a cooling shirt  1712  with a cooling liquid reservoir  1713 , cooling tubes  1714 , sensor wiring  1715 , and case  1716  (in some embodiments, case  1716  may include a battery, a receiver and a pump for controlling the flow of cooling liquid through cooling tubes  1714 ). 
     In some embodiments the articles of clothing with embedded receivers may operate at 7.4V and may be powered or charged wirelessly (as described herein). 
     In example # 1  a portable electronic heating jacket that may operate at 7.4V may be powered or charged. In this example, a transmitter  102  may be used to deliver pockets of energy onto heating jacket, in a process similar to the one depicted in  FIG. 1 . Transmitter  102  may have a single array of 8×8 of flat panel antennas where all the antenna elements may operate in the same frequency band. Flat antennas may occupy less volume than other antennas, hence allowing a transmitter  102  to be located at small and thin spaces, such as, walls, mirrors, doors, ceilings and the like. In addition, flat panel antennas may be optimized for operating to long distances into narrow hall of wireless power transmission, such feature may allow operation of portable devices in long areas such as, train stations, bus stations, airports and the like. Furthermore, flat panel antennas of 8×8 may generate smaller pockets of energy than other antennas since its smaller volume, this may reduce losses and may allow more accurate generation of pockets of energy. In this way, heating jacket may be charged without being plugged and even during use. Heating jacket may include a receiver (e.g., an embodiment of receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ) coupled to antenna elements; the optimal amount of antenna elements that may be used with receivers for heating jacket may vary from about 10° F. to about 200° F., being most suitable about 50° F.; however, the amount of antennas within receivers may vary according to the design and size of heating jacket. Antenna elements may be made of different conductive materials such as cooper, gold, and silver, among others. Furthermore, antenna elements may be printed, etched, or laminated onto any suitable non-conductive flexible substrate and embedded in heating jacket. 
     In example #2 a portable electronic heating socks, that may operate at 7.4V may he powered or charged. In this example, a transmitter  102  may be used to deliver pockets of energy onto receivers  120  embedded on heating socks following a process similar to the one depicted in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIGS. 17A-17G  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 17A-17G . 
     Presented below are example methods of wirelessly delivering power to receivers in clothing. 
     In some embodiments, an example method includes: (i) receiving, by a transmitter, a communication of a power requirement of a temperature regulating component coupled to an article of clothing; (ii) generating, by the transmitter, a plurality of power transmission waves to form a pocket of energy in response to the power requirement; (iii) controlling, by the transmitter, generated power transmission waves to provide phase shifting and gain shifting with respect to other power transmission waves; and (iv) transmitting, by the transmitter, the power transmission waves through at least two antennas coupled to the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the pocket of energy is received by a receiver associated to the temperature regulating component, the receiver being configured to be coupled to the article of clothing. 
     In some embodiments, the temperature regulating component includes an electrical resistance heater configured to dissipate the electrical energy as heat within the article of clothing. 
     In some embodiments, the temperature regulating component includes a sensor coupled to the article of clothing, the sensor configured to determine the temperature of the article of clothing. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver includes a plurality of antennas, a power converter, and a communications component configured to communicate with the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver communicates to the transmitter information including a temperature of the article of clothing and an indication of the power level of the temperature regulating component. 
     In some embodiments, an example receiver includes: (i) an antenna configured to receive a pocket of energy formed by a convergence of power transmission waves from a transmitter; and (ii) a rectifying circuit configured to convert the received pocket of energy into electricity to charge a temperature regulating component associated with the article of clothing, the temperature regulating component being configured to alter temperature of the article of clothing to desired temperature. 
     In some embodiments, the temperature regulating component includes an electrical resistance heater configured to dissipate the electrical energy as heat within the article of clothing. 
     In some embodiments, the temperature regulating component includes a sensor coupled to the article of clothing, the sensor configured to determine the temperature of the article of clothing. 
     In some embodiments, another example wireless power receiver embedded in an article of clothing includes: (i) a flexible antenna forming a pattern in the article of clothing, the flexible antenna being configured to receive radio frequency (RF) wireless power waves from a far-field wireless power transmitter, and some of the RF wireless power waves constructively interfere at the flexible antenna and some RF wireless power waves destructively interfere near the flexible antenna; (ii) a rectifying circuit coupled to the flexible antenna, the rectifying circuit being configured to rectify the received RF wireless power waves into a direct current; (iii) a temperature regulating component coupled to the rectifying circuit, the temperature regulating component being configured to alter a temperature of the article of clothing to a desired temperature using the direct current, and the temperature regulating component includes a sensor coupled to the article of clothing, the sensor configured to determine the temperature of the article of clothing; and (iv) a communications component in communication with the far-field wireless power transmitter, the communications component being configured to communicate information to the far-field wireless power transmitter, including the temperature of the article of clothing determined by the sensor. 
     In some embodiments, the temperature regulating component further includes an electrical resistance heater configured to dissipate the direct current as heat within the article of clothing. 
       FIGS. 18A-18B  are illustrations of medical devices with wireless power receivers coupled thereto, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS. 18A-18B  are illustrations of medical devices with wireless power receivers coupled thereto, in accordance with some embodiments. For example,  FIG. 18A  shows a blood glucose meter  1801  that includes a receiver  120 .  FIG. 18B  shows a portable medical electronic device such as a portable ultrasound machine  1802  that includes multiple receivers  120 , coupled to both a front and side portion of the device  1802 . 
     The above described may not be limited to portable electronic medical devices shown in  FIGS. 18A-18B . Receiver  120  may also be included in a plurality of medical electronic devices such as infrared electronic thermometer, electronic pads like tablets, blood pressure monitor, blood glucose meter, pulse oximeter, and ECG among others. The number and type of sensor elements are calculated according the medical electronic device&#39;s design. 
       FIGS. 18C-18E  are illustrations of wireless power transmission systems for wirelessly delivering power to medical devices, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS. 18C-18D  show wireless power delivery system  1810 , in accordance with some embodiments. Transmitter  102  may be located at the ceiling of a room pointing downwards, and may transmit controlled RF waves  116  which may converge in 3D space to form pockets of energy. A receiver  120 , embedded or attached to portable electronic medical device  1812 , may then convert energy that has accumulated by constructively interfering RF waves at pockets of energy  1811  for charging or powering these devices. 
       FIG. 18E  illustrates a wireless power delivery system  1820  for wirelessly providing power to wireless sensors  1822 , which may be used for measuring physiological parameters of a patient. In some embodiments, multiple transmitters  102  attached or embedded to medical devices  1824  may provide controlled RF waves  116  to wireless sensors  951 . 
     In some embodiments, the wireless power delivery techniques for health care environments may even be utilized in rooms in which a patient has a pacemaker, as the RF waves will not interfere or damage functioning of those types of devices because electromagnetic fields are not generated when using RF waves to wirelessly deliver power. 
       FIGS. 18A-18E  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 18A-18E . 
     Presented below are example methods of wirelessly delivering power to receivers in medical devices. 
     In some embodiments, an example method of wireless transmission of power to an electronic medical device or a sensor. 
     In some embodiments, an example method of wireless power receipt by an electronic medical device includes: (i) communicating, by a receiver associated with the electronic medical device, a power requirement and an identifier for the electronic medical device to a transmitter, the identifier being data uniquely associated with the electronic medical device; (ii) receiving, by an antenna of the receiver, a pocket of energy formed by converging power transmission waves; and (iii) converting, by a rectifying circuit of the receiver, the received pocket of energy into electricity to charge the electronic medical device. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic medical device is a sensor configured to record medical information from a patient. In some embodiments, the electronic medical device is configured to record a blood glucose level from a patient. In some embodiments, the electronic medical device is configured to communicate an electronic medical record with a medical professional. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver is configured to transmit information to a medical professional located remotely from the electronic medical device. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver communicates information (e.g., instructions) to a transmitter of the power transmission waves to determine an optimum time and location for receiving a pocket of energy from the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, an example method of wireless transmission of power to an electronic medical device or a sensor includes: (i) generating pocket forming power radio frequency (RF) signals from a RF circuit embedded within a transmitter connected to a power source; (ii) generating communication signals from a communication circuit embedded within the transmitter, and the transmitter includes a communication antenna configured to transmit and receive communications signals to and from a receiver coupled to an electronic device, and the electronic device is a medical device or a sensor; (iii) controlling the generated power RF signals and the communication signals with a digital signal processor coupled to the transmitter; and (iv) transmitting the power RF signals by at least two antennas electrically connected to the RF circuit within the transmitter. An antenna of the receiver is configured to capture energy from the pocket of energy produced by the pocket-forming power RF signals in converging in 3D space, and the receiver is configured to convert the energy into a DC voltage for charging or powering the medical device or the sensor coupled to the receiver. The method further includes: (v) transmitting, by the communication circuit of the transmitter, instructions in the communication signals to the receiver to generate location data, power requirements, and timing data; and (vi) receiving, by the communication circuit, the communications signals from the receiver, and the communication signals received from the receiver provide an optimum time and location data indicating the location associated with the electronic device coupled to the receiver for converging the power RF signals to form the pocket of energy in 3D space at the location. 
     In some embodiments, the pocket-forming transmitter is centrally located in a recovery room, operating room, patient room, emergency room or common area of a hospital for charging the electronic medical device or the sensor. 
     In some embodiments, the at least two antennas of the transmitter are located on a ceiling in a room, for charging the electronic device. 
       FIG. 19A  is an illustration of a house configured with a number of wireless power transmitters and receivers, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 19A  depicts a wireless powered house  1900 , which may include a plurality of transmitters  102  (e.g., instances of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) connected to a single base station  1902 , which may also include a main transmitter. In some embodiments, base station  1902  manages wireless power delivery to mobile and non-mobile devices in wireless powered house  1900  (additional details regarding base stations are provided above). Additionally, transmitters  102  may be embedded into a plurality of electronic devices and objects in wireless powered house  1900 . 
     Base station  1902  may enable communication between every transmitter  102  and receivers  120  in wireless powered house  1900 . Furthermore, wireless powered house  1900  may include a variety of range enhancers, which may increase range of wireless power transmission, such range enhancers may include: reflectors  1904  and wireless repeaters  1906 , Reflectors  1904  may be included in several places of the wireless powered house  1900 , such as curtains, walls, floor, and ceiling among others. Wireless repeaters  1906  may include a receiver  120  and a transmitter  192  for re-transmitting power.  FIG. 19A  illustrates an example for using reflectors  1904  and wireless repeaters  1906 , where a CCTV camera  1910  requires charge, but it is too far for receiving power at an optimal efficiency. However, base station  1902  may trace a trajectory for RF waves  1908  which may imply less loses and includes the use of reflectors  1904  that may be embedded in the walls and a wireless repeater  1906 , which may receive the reflected RF waves  1908  and re-transmits these to the CCTV camera  1910  with higher power than the received. 
     In some embodiments, base station  1902  may send RF waves  1908  to any device in wireless powered house  1900 , these devices may include static devices such as: smoke detectors  1926 , digital door locks  1928 , CCTV cameras  1910 , wall clocks  1932  among others devices that requires wired powered connections. The lack of cables for powering such devices may reduce work time for installing and maintaining those devices. Furthermore, walls, ceilings and floors need not be drilled for installing cables. 
     Device locations may be updated automatically by base station  1902 , which may set a communication channel between each device, regardless if it is a mobile or non-mobile device. Some devices such as mirrors  1934  may allow a transmitter  102  to be embedded therein in order to charge small devices and disposable devices in the bathroom and/or in the bedroom. Such devices may include: Electric razors, electric toothbrushes, lamps, massagers, UV-Sterilizers among others. Therefore, mirror  1934  may significantly reduce wired chargers for each electric device in bathrooms and bedrooms. 
     Similarly to mirror  1934 , televisions  1936  may include transmitters  102  for powering and charging mobile and non-mobile devices. 
     Base station  1902  may establish areas where wireless power transmission may have specialized protocols, these areas may include infirmary, children rooms, room for pregnant and other regions where devices may be sensitive to radio frequency waves but not to RF waves  1908 . Some areas may represent a permanent null space, where no pockets of energy are generated. Furthermore, some receivers  120  may possess the same specialized protocols regardless their location in wireless powered house  1900 . Such devices may include electric knives, drills, and lighters among others. Therefore, each device may be restricted to a specific area and to a specific user, thus, safety in wireless powered house  1900  may be higher. Hence, children may not be exposed or in proximity to harmful hardware and thieves may not be able to use stolen equipment outside the wireless powered house  1900 . 
       FIG. 19B  is a flow diagram of an example routine that may be utilized by a microcontroller of a base station in a wireless powered house to control wireless power transmission, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     Routine  1950  may begin when any transmitter  102  in wireless powered house  1900  receives a power delivery request Step  1902  from receiver  120 . Subsequently, at determine device locations Step  1904 , a receiver  102  may send a signal via BLUETOOTH, RF waves, infrared among others to the closest transmitter  102 . Then, transmitter  102  may determine location of receiver  120  in wireless powered house  1900 . After this procedure, at identify devices Step  1954  receiver  120  may send a signature signal to the closest transmitter  102 , such signal may be coded using suitable techniques such as delay encoding, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), code division multiplexing (CDM) or other suitable binary coding for identifying a given electronic device including receiver  106 . At this step, micro-controller may obtain information from receiver  120  such as type of device, manufacturer, serial number, total power required. Then, micro-controller in base station  1902  may proceed to authenticate where it may evaluate the signature signal sent by receiver  120 . Micro-controller may proceed to a decision. If receiver  120  is not authorized to receive power, micro-controller may decide to block it. If receiver  120  is authorized, it may receive charge based on his assigned priority, such value is determined at prioritize devices Step  1558 , such value may be set by the user preferences and charge level of the equipment, such charge level may be determined in device requires charge Step  1560 . If the device does not requires charge, transmitter  102  may not charge it at do not deliver power Step  1562 . Furthermore, such device may be listed as low priority to charge during prioritize devices Step  1558 . 
     In addition, if multiple receivers  120  are requiring power, micro-controller may deliver power equally to all receivers  120  or may utilize a priority status for each receiver  120 . In some embodiments, the user may choose to deliver more power to its smartphone, than to its gaming device. In other cases, the user may decide to first power its smartphone and then its gaming device. Furthermore, smoke detectors  1926 , digital door locks  1928 , CCTV cameras  1910  among others similar devices, may have the highest priority. 
     When the receiver  120  is authorized to receive charge, it has to meet some criteria at does device meet delivery criteria Step  1564 . The foregoing powering criteria may depend on the electronic device requiring power and/or based in user preferences. For example, smartphones may only receive power if are not being used, or maybe during usage but only if the user is not talking through it or maybe during usage as long as WI-FI is not compromised among other such criteria. In the case of a user custom profile, the user may specify the minimum battery level its equipment can have before delivering power, or the user may specify the criteria for powering his or her device among other such options. In addition, in wireless powered house  1900 , some devices may possess some special criteria, as described in  FIG. 19A ; such devices may be required to operate in specific rooms. Such devices may include drillers, electric knives, lighters, electric screwdrivers, saws, among others. Furthermore, some devices may require some user authentication, which may be achieved through password verification or biometric authentication. These two criteria may be used in combination for a maximum level of safety. Such combination may generate a single criterion related to parental control protocol, which may also include manage of power intensity for toys and operation areas for them. 
     Alternatively, micro-controller may also record data on a processor on transmitter  102 . Such data may include powering statistics related to how often does a device require power, at what times is the device requesting power, how long it takes to power the device, how much power was delivered to such device, the priority status of devices, where is the device mostly being powered (for example at home or in the workplace). In addition, such statistics could be uploaded to a cloud based server so that the user can look at all such statistics. Thus, the aforementioned statistics can help micro-controller decide when to stop delivering power to such a user. 
     Continuing, does device meet delivery criteria? Step  1564 , micro-controller in base station  1902  may determine if receiver  120  is within the optimal range from the closest transmitter  102 , such analysis may be carried out at device is in optimal range? Step  1566 . If receiver  120  is within the optimal range, then transmitter  102  may deliver power at deliver power Step  1970 , if receiver  120  is out of the optimal range, then micro-controller may use reflectors  1904  and wireless repeaters  1906  for increasing the optimal range, such operation may be performed at use range enhancers Step  1968 . Subsequently, receiver  120  may receive charge at deliver power Step  1970 . 
       FIGS. 19A-19B  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 19A-19B . 
     Presented below are example systems and methods of wirelessly delivering power to receivers in a wirelessly powered house. 
     An example method includes receiving, by a base station, a communication of a power requirement for an electronic device coupled to a receiver, and the base station is coupled to a plurality of transmitters, and activating, by the base station, a transmission of a plurality of power transmission waves from at least one of the plurality of transmitters to form a pocket of energy converging proximate to at least one receiver to charge the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes controlling, by the base station, each of the plurality of transmitters to deliver a pocket of energy at a determined time and location to charge of the electronic device through the at least one receiver. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes determining, by the base station, priority among a plurality of electronic devices to receive, through the at least one receiver, the pocket of energy from at least one of the plurality of transmitters. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes communicating, by the base station, with the at least one receiver and the plurality of transmitters through a communication signal using a protocol selected from the group consisting of: BLUETOOTH®, WI-FI, ZIGBEE®, or FM radio. 
     In some embodiments, the pocket of energy is regulated by utilizing adaptive pocket-forming. 
     In some embodiments, an example charging apparatus includes a base station coupled to a power source; and a first communication component coupled to the base station and configured to transmit information to a plurality of transmitters and a plurality of receivers, each of the plurality of transmitters comprising: (i) an antenna configured to transmit power transmission waves that converge to become a pocket of energy; and (ii) a second communication component configured to communicate with the base station and at least one of the plurality of receivers. 
     In some embodiments, the base station is configured to receive information from at least one of the plurality of receivers, the information including an identification, a location, and an indication of the power level of at least one of the plurality of electronic devices associated to the at least one of the plurality of receivers. 
       FIG. 20A  shows a system architecture  2000  for a wireless power network, according to an embodiment. System architecture  2000  may enable the registration and communication controls between wireless power transmitter  2102  and one or more wireless power receivers (e.g., an embodiment of the receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ) within a wireless power network. Wireless power receivers may include covers  2104  and customer pocket-forming enabled devices  2106 . 
     In one embodiment, wireless power transmitter  2102  (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) may include a microprocessor that integrates a power transmitter manager app  2108  (PWR TX MGR APP), and a third party application programming interface  2110  (Third Party API) for a BLUETOOTH Low Energy chip  2112  (BTLE CHIP HW). Wireless power transmitter  102  may also include an antenna manager software  2114  (Antenna MGR Software) to control an RF antenna array  2116  that may be used to transmit controlled Radio Frequency (RF) waves which may converge in 3D space. These RF waves may be controlled through phase and/or relative amplitude adjustments to form constructive and destructive interference patterns (pocket-forming). Pockets of energy may form at constructive interference patterns that may be 3Dimensional in shape whereas null-spaces may be generated at destructive interference patterns. Pockets of energy may be formed on wireless power receivers (covers and customer pocket-forming enabled devices  2106 ). In some embodiment, BLUETOOTH Low Energy chip  2112  may be another type of wireless protocol such as WiFi or the like. 
     Power transmitter manager app  2108  may include a database (not shown), which may store system status, configuration, or relevant information from wireless power receivers such as, identifiers, voltage ranges, location, signal strength and/or any relevant information from a wireless power receivers. 
     Power transmitter manager app  2108  may call third party application programming interface  2110  for running a plurality of functions such as start a connection, end a connection, and send data among others. Third party application programming interface  2110  may command BLUETOOTH Low Energy chip  2112  according to the functions called by power transmitter manager app  2108 . 
     Third party application programming interface  2110  at the same time may call power transmitter manager app  2108  through a callback function which may be registered in the power transmitter manager app  2108  at boot time. Third party application programming interface  2110  may have a timer callback that may go for ten times a second, and may send callbacks every time a connection begins, a connection ends, a connection is attempted, or a message is received. 
     Covers  2104  may include a power receiver app  2118  (PWR RX APP), a third party application programming interface  2120  (Third party API) for a BLUETOOTH Low Energy chip  2122  (BTLE CHIP HW), and a RF antenna array  2124  which may be used to receive and utilize the pockets of energy sent from wireless power transmitter  2102 . 
     Power receiver app  2118  may call third party application programming interface  120  for running a plurality of functions such as start a connection, end the connection, and send data among others. Third party application programming interface  2120  may have a timer callback that may go for ten times a second, and may send callbacks every time a connection begins, a connection ends, a connection is attempted, or message is received. 
     Covers  2104  may be paired to a wireless device such as a smartphone, or tablet among others via a BTLE connection  2126  by using a graphical user interface (GUI  2128 ) that may be downloaded from any suitable application store and may run on any suitable operating system such as iOS and Android, among others. Covers  2104  may also communicate with wireless power transmitter  2102  via a BTLE connection  2126  to send important data such as an identifier for the device as well as battery level or charge status information, antenna voltage, any other hardware status, software status, geographic location data, or other information that may be of use for the wireless power transmitter  2102 . 
     In other embodiments, GUI  2128  may also be installed on a wireless device (smartphones or tablets) that may not have the cover  2104 . GUI  2128  may perform operations to communicate with power transmitter manager app  2108  via BTLE connection  2126  or any other wireless communication protocols such as Wi-Fi, and LAN among others. In this embodiment, GUI management app still performs the same function as previously described, to manage or monitor the wireless power transmission system. 
     Customer pocket-forming enabled devices  2106  may refer to a wireless device such as smartphones, tablets, or any of the like that may include an integrated wireless power receiver circuit for wireless power charging (e.g., receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ). Customer pocket-forming enabled devices  2106  may include a power receiver app  2130  (PWR RX APP), and a third party application programming interface  2132  (Third Party API) for a BLUETOOTH Low Energy chip  2134  (BTLE CHIP HW). Customer pocket-forming enabled devices  2106  may also include an RF antenna array  2136  which may receive and utilize pockets of energy sent from wireless power transmitter  2102 . GUI  2138  may be downloaded from any suitable application store and may run on any suitable operating system such as iOS and Android, among others. 
     Power receiver app  2130  may call third party application programming interface  2132  for running a plurality of functions such as start a connection, end the connection, and send data among others. Third party application programming interface  2132  may have a timer callback that may go for ten times a second, and may send callbacks every time a connection begins, a connection ends, a connection is attempted, or message is received. 
     Customer pocket-forming enabled devices  2106  may also communicate with wireless power transmitter  2102  via a BTLE connection  2126  to send important data such as an identifier for the device as well as battery level information, antenna voltage, geographic location data, or other information that may be of use for the wireless power transmitter  2102 . 
       FIG. 20B  shows a flowchart for an off-premises alert method  2500  for wireless power receivers in a wireless power network. 
     The wireless power network may include one or more wireless power transmitter and multiple wireless power receivers that may be either a cover or a customer pocket-forming enabled devices. 
     Method  2050  may include automated software embedded on a wireless power receiver that may be triggered every time a wireless power receiver is turned on. 
     In one embodiment, method  2050  may start at step  2052  when a customer goes into a shop and approaches the check-out. Then, at step  2054 , an employee of the shop that may be at the counter may ask the customer if he or she requires charging for the customer&#39;s device. If the customer does not require charging for his or her device, then the process ends. If the customer does require charging, the employee may ask the customer if his or her device has a customer pocket-forming enabled device, at step  2056 . If the customer&#39;s device is not a pocket forming enabled device, then at step  2058 , the customer is given a power receiver device, also referred as a cover, and the employee may use a GUI to register the given cover at step  2060 . Likewise, if the customer does have a pocket-forming enabled device, the employee may use a GUI to register the customer pocket-forming enabled device at step  2060 . Then, at step  2062 , customer may charge his or her device for the time they need charge. Next, at step  2064 , the customer may decide to leave the premises. Then, at step  2066 , if the customer has a customer pocket-forming enabled device, the customer may just leave the premises and the process ends. However, if the customer has a power receiver or cover, then the customer may return the cover and leave the premises or he or she may forget to return the cover, at step  2068 . 
     If customer forgets to return the cover, he or she may leave the premises at step  2070 . Subsequently, at step  2072 , when the customer is at a certain distance away from the store, the power transmitter manager at the store may detect the distance or loss of communication with the power receiver or cover lent to the customer. In other embodiments, the power receiver detects no communication with the power transmitter manager for a minimum amount of time. Then, at step  2074 , the power transmitter manager may stop communication with and charging the power receiver. The power receiver, then at step  2076 , may generate an audible alert that the customer may hear as he or she goes further from the store. Subsequently, at step  2078 , the customer may decide to whether return to premises or not. If customer returns to premises, then at step  2080 , customer may return the power receiver. If customer decides to not return to premises, then at step  2082 , power transmitter reports details of the lost receiver such as when, where, and receiver&#39;s ID among others, to the system management server or the remote information service that are both part of the wireless power transmission system&#39;s network. 
     EXAMPLES 
     In example #1 a customer enters a coffee shop and buys a cup of coffee. At checkout, the costumer asks for power to charge a smartphone. The customer&#39;s smartphone includes a suitable GUI for interacting with a wireless power network. A power receiver or cover with an embedded power receiver is associated with the customer, by an employee using a GUI device, and the cover is given to the customer. Then, the smartphone is paired with a power receiver or cover. The smartphone starts receiving power from the power transmitter as long as the customer stays in the coffee shop. After some time, the smartphone reaches a desired level of charge and the customer leaves the coffee shop. Subsequently, when the customer is at a certain distance away from the coffee shop, the power transmitter manager may detect the distance or loss of communication with the power receiver or cover lent to the customer, and then stop charging and communication with the power receiver. Then, the power receiver or cover may generate an audible alert that may increase in volume as the customer gets further from the coffee shop. The customer then hears the alert and returns to the coffee shop to return the power receiver or cover. 
       FIGS. 20A-20B  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 20A-20B . 
     Presented below are example systems and methods of wirelessly delivering power to receivers in off-premises alert systems. 
     In some embodiments, an apparatus includes an antenna array, configured to receive pocket-forming energy in three-dimensional space from a transmitter (e.g., transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ), a power receiver (e.g., a receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ) operatively coupled to the antenna array, the power received further being configured to be coupled to a device. and communications for wirelessly communicating data to the transmitter and the device. In some embodiments, the power receiver is configured to detect an absence of least one of (i) pocket-forming energy and (ii) data communication from the transmitter, and the power receiver is configured to generate an alarm based on the detected absence. 
     In some embodiments, the data includes registration data indicating an identity of at least one of (i) the device and (ii) a user associated with the device. 
     In some embodiments, the communications is configured to transmit registration data to the transmitter prior to the receipt of pocket forming energy in the antenna array. 
     In some embodiments, the power receiver is configured to generate the alarm after a predetermined time period after the detected absence. 
     In some embodiments, the alarm is an audible alarm, and the power receiver is configured to increase the volume of the audible alarm over a time period. 
     In some embodiments, the communicated data includes at least one of identification data for the device, device battery level data, device charge status data, antenna voltage data, device hardware status data, device software status data and geographic location data. 
     In some embodiments, the power receiver is configured to modify the generated alarm based on the geographic location data. 
     In some embodiments, a method includes (i) configuring a device to receive pocket-forming energy in three dimensional space in an antenna array from a transmitter via a power receiver configured to be coupled o the device, (ii) wirelessly communicating data from communications coupled to the power receiver to the transmitter and the device, (iii) detecting, via the power receiver, an absence of least one of (a) pocket-forming energy and (b) data communication from the transmitter, and (iv) generating an alarm via the power receiver for the device based on the detected absence. 
     In some embodiments, the data includes registration data indicating an identity of at least one of (i) the device and (ii) a user associated with the device. 
     In some embodiments, the registration data is communicated to the transmitter prior to the receipt of pocket forming energy in the antenna array. 
     In some embodiments, the alarm is generated after a predetermined time period after the detected absence. 
     In some embodiments, the alarm is an audible alarm, and the alarm is modified to increase the volume of the audible alarm over a time period. 
     In some embodiments, the communicated data includes at least one of identification data for the device, device battery level data, device charge status data, antenna voltage data, device hardware status data, device software status data and geographic location data. 
     In some embodiments, the generated alarm is modified based on the geographic location data. 
       FIG. 21A  depicts a diagram of architecture  2100  for incorporating transmitter  2102  (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ) into different devices. For example, the flat transmitter  2102  may be applied to the frame of a television  2104  or across the frame of a sound bar  2106 . Transmitter  2102  may include multiple tiles  2108  with antenna elements and RFICs in a flat arrangement. The RFIC may be directly embedded behind each antenna elements; such integration may reduce losses due the shorter distance between components. 
     Tiles  2108  can be coupled to any surface of any object. Such coupling can be via any manner, such as fastening, mating, interlocking, adhering, soldering or others. Such surface can be smooth or rough. Such surface can be of any shape. Such object can be a stationary object, such as a building portion or an appliance, or a movable object, whether self-propelled, such as a vehicle, or via another object, such as handheld. Tiles  2108  can be used modularly. For example, tiles  2108  can be arranged to form any  2 d or  3 d shape, whether open or closed, symmetrical or asymmetrical. In some embodiments, tiles  2108  can be arranged in a figure shape, or a device/structure shape, such as a tower. Tiles  2108  can be configured to couple to each other, such as via interlocking, mating, fastening, adhering, soldering, or others. Tiles  2108  can be configured to operate independently of each other or dependently on each other, whether synchronously or asynchronously. In some embodiments, tiles  2108  are configured to be fed serially or in parallel, whether individually or as a group. Tiles  2108  can be configured to output from at least one side, such as top, lateral, or bottom. Tiles  2108  can be rigid, flexible, or elastic. In some embodiments, at least one other component, whether digital, analog, mechanical, electrical or non-electrical, can be positioned between at least two of tiles  2108 . In some embodiments, at least one of tiles  1650  can be run via a hardware processor coupled to a memory. 
     Tiles  2108  can be used for heat map technology, as described herein. For example, transmitter  2102  includes multiple tiles  2108  with antenna elements and RFICs in a flat arrangement, where transmitter  2102  can facilitate heat map creation for a group of tiles  2108 , such as for a particular receiver (e.g., an embodiment of the receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ), such as when tiles  2108  send BLE identifiers for heat map generation. In some embodiments, the group of tiles  2108  is defined via tiles  2108  positioned within a specified distance, such as how many tiles  2108  positioned within a specified distance are sending out signals, scanning an area, and receiving receiver input, such as locational input. Note that such performance can occur simultaneously under different communication protocols as well, such BLE® and ZIGBEE®. In some embodiments, at least two groups of tiles  2108  perform different tasks. In some embodiments, a group of tiles  2108  includes two tiles, such as when the two tiles are each eight inches long by two inches wide. In some embodiments, an entire array can run along a perimeter of television  2104 , where the array includes via a plurality of tiles  2108  arranged in or functioning as a plurality of groups of tiles  2108  as each of such groups might obtain a different heat map, as described herein, which can be subsequently analyzed together to obtain a better grand scale heat map understanding. Accordingly, a plurality of heat map sets can exists without being reconciled with each other as each of the heat map sets can include different information. For example, a first heat map can be associated with a first device and a second heat map associate with a second device, different from the first device. 
     For example, a television  2104  may have a bezel around a television  2104 , comprising multiple tiles  2108 , each tile comprising of a certain number of antenna elements. For example, if there are  20  tiles  2108  around the bezel of the television  2104 , each tile  2108  may have  24  antenna elements and/or any number of antenna elements. 
     Note that tiles  2108  are positioned or configured to avoid signal interference with television  2104  or wiring coupled to television  2104 . Alternatively or additionally, television  2104  can be shielded against such signal interference. Similar configurations can be applied to sound bar  2106  or any other type of speaker, whether a standalone speaker or a component of a larger system. However, also note that such tiles  2108  can be arranged on any device, whether a standalone device or a component of a larger system, whether electronic or non-electronic. 
     In tile  2108 , the phase and the amplitude of each pocket-forming in each antenna element may be regulated by the corresponding RFIC in order to generate the desired pocket-forming and transmission null steering. RFIC singled coupled to each antenna element may reduce processing requirement and may increase control over pocket-forming, allowing multiple pocket-forming and a higher granular pocket-forming with less load over microcontroller, thus, a higher response of higher number of multiple pocket-forming may be allowed. Furthermore, multiple pocket-forming may charge a higher number of receivers and may allow a better trajectory to such receivers. 
     RFIC may be coupled to one or more microcontrollers, and the microcontrollers may be included into an independent base station or into the tiles  2108  in the transmitter  2102 . A row or column of antenna elements may be connected to a single microcontroller. In some implementations, the lower number of RFICs present in the transmitters  2102  may correspond to desired features such as: lower control of multiple pocket-forming, lower levels of granularity and a less expensive embodiment. RFICs connected to each row or column may allow reduce costs by having fewer components because fewer RFICs are required to control each of the transmitters  2104 . The RFICs may produce pocket-forming power transmission waves by changing phase and gain, between rows or columns. 
     In some implementations, the transmitter  2102  may use a cascade arrangement of tiles  2108  comprising RFICs that may provide greater control over pocket-forming and may increase response for targeting receivers. Furthermore, a higher reliability and accuracy may be achieved from multiple redundancies of RFICs. 
     In one embodiment, a plurality of PCB layers, including antenna elements, may provide greater control over pocket-forming and may increase response for targeting receivers. Multiple PCB layers may increase the range and the amount of power that could be transferred by transmitter  2102 . PCB layers may be connected to a single microcontroller or to dedicated microcontrollers. Similarly, RFIC may be connected to antenna elements. 
     A box transmitter  2102  may include a plurality of PCB layers inside it, which may include antenna elements for providing greater control over pocket-forming and may increase response for targeting receivers. Furthermore, range of wireless power transmission may be increased by the box transmitter  2102 . Multiple PCB layers may increase the range and the amount of RF power waves that could be transferred or broadcasted wirelessly by transmitter  2102  due the higher density of antenna elements. PCB layers may be connected to a single microcontroller or to dedicated microcontrollers for each antenna element. Similarly, RFIC may control antenna elements. The box shape of transmitter  2102  may increase action ratio of wireless power transmission. Thus, box transmitter  2102  may be located on a plurality of surfaces such as, desks, tables, floors, and the like. In addition, box transmitter may include several arrangements of PCB layers, which may be oriented in X, Y, and Z axis, or any combination these. 
     In some embodiments, sound bar  2106  is elongated, such as by being four feet long and two inches high. Such shaping provides a provision of tiles  2108  along a longitudinal axis of sound bar  2106  such that at least some of tiles  2108  are able to send or receive signals, as described herein, in a surrounding manner. 
       FIG. 21B  illustrates an example embodiment of a television (TV) system outputting wireless power. Some elements of this figure are described above. Thus, same reference characters identify identical and/or like components described above and any repetitive detailed description thereof will hereinafter be omitted or simplified in order to avoid complication. 
     A wireless power transmission  2100  that includes pocket-forming is described. The transmission  2110  entails a TV system  2112  transmitting a plurality of controlled wireless power waves  2114  converging in multidimensional space. The TV system  2112  uses a transmitter, as described herein, such as transmitter  102 , to output waves  2114 , such as in any direction, such as frontal or lateral or backward or upward or downward. The transmitter can be powered via the TV system  2112  or another power source, such as a battery, whether coupled to or not to the TV system  2112 . Alternatively or additionally, the transmitter can power the TV system  2112  or the transmitter and TV system  2112  are powered independently of each other, such as from two different power sources, such as a battery and mains electricity. Waves  2114  are controlled through phase and/or relative amplitude adjustments to form constructive and destructive interference patterns, such as pocket-forming. Pockets of energy  2116  are formed at constructive interference patterns of waves  2114  and are 3Dimensional in shape, whereas null-spaces are generated at destructive interference patterns of waves  2114 . A receiver, as described herein, such as receiver  120 , utilizes pockets of energy  2116  produced by pocket-forming for charging or powering an electronic device, for example a laptop computer  2118 , a mobile phone  2120 , a tablet computer  2122  or any electrical devices at least within reach or a defined range from TV system  2112 , such as about 20 feet in a specific direction, an arc comprising a peak height distance of about 20 feet, or a radius of 20 feet, and thus effectively providing wireless power transmission  2110 . In some embodiments, adaptive pocket-forming may be used to regulate power on electronic devices. In some embodiments, TV system  2112  includes a speaker or a sound bar, whether as described herein, or of another type. In some embodiments, TV system  2112  includes a remote control unit, which can include a receiver, as described herein, configured to receive wireless power from TV system  2112 , as described herein. 
       FIG. 21C  illustrates an example embodiment of an internal structure of a TV system. Some elements of this figure are described above. Thus, same reference characters identify identical and/or like components described above and any repetitive detailed description thereof will hereinafter be omitted or simplified in order to avoid complication. 
     An internal structure view  2130  depicts TV system  2112  with a transmitter, as described herein. TV system  2112  includes a plurality of components. TV system  2112  includes a front transparent screen layer  2132 , a polarized film layer  2134 , and an LED/LCD backlight layer  2136 . TV system  2112  additionally include transmitter  102 , as described herein. In another embodiment, transmitter  102  may be integrated within at least one of layers  2132 ,  2134 ,  2136  instead of as a separate layer. 
     In other embodiments, most of the circuitry of transmitter  102  is placed inside TV system  2112 , with antenna elements  1106  placed around the edges of TV system  3002 . In other embodiments, antenna elements are placed on the outside surface of a back portion of TV system  2112 . In yet further embodiments, antenna elements can be printed micro-antennas which can be built-in on TV system  2112  display area. Such printed-antennas can be produced with well-known in the art photolithographic or screen printing techniques. Such antennas can be beneficial because they can be printed at tinny scales which render them invisible to the human eye. Note that TV system can be of any type, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma, a cathode ray, or others. 
       FIG. 21D  illustrates an example embodiment of a tile architecture. Some elements of this figure are described above. Thus, same reference characters identify identical and/or like components described above and any repetitive detailed description thereof will hereinafter be omitted or simplified in order to avoid complication. 
     A tile  2108  ( FIG. 21A ) includes an antenna  2152  and an RFIC  2154  coupled to antenna  2152 , as described herein. Tile  2108  can be structure in any way as described herein. Tile  2108  operates are described herein. Although tile  2108  is shaped in a rectangular shape, in other embodiments, tile  2108  can be shaped differently, whether in an open shape or a closed shape. For example, tile  2108  can be shaped as a star, a triangle, a polygon, or others. 
       FIGS. 21A-21D  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 21A-21D . 
     Presented below are example systems for wirelessly delivering power to receivers using transmitters in various devices. 
     In some embodiments, an example system for wireless power transmission includes: (i) a sound bar frame; and (ii) a plurality of tiles positioned along the sound bar frame. At least one of the tiles includes an antenna and a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) coupled to the antenna and the RFIC is configured to engage the antenna such that the antenna emits a plurality of wireless power waves defining a pocket of energy. 
     In some embodiments, an example system for wireless power transmission includes: (i) a display frame; and (ii) a plurality of tiles positioned along the sound bar frame. At least one of the tiles includes an antenna and a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) coupled to the antenna and the RFIC is configured to engage the antenna such that the antenna emits a plurality of wireless power waves defining a pocket of energy. 
     In some embodiments, an example system for wireless power transmission includes: (i) a speaker enclosure; and (ii) a plurality of tiles positioned along the sound bar frame. At least one of the tiles includes an antenna and a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) coupled to the antenna and the RFIC is configured to engage the antenna such that the antenna emits a plurality of wireless power waves defining a pocket of energy. 
     In some embodiments, the tiles are configured to operate dependent on each other. 
     In some embodiments, the tiles are configured to operate independent of each other. 
     In some embodiments, the sound bar frame includes an external face, and the tiles are coupled to the external face. In some embodiments, the display frame includes an external face, and the tiles are coupled to the external face. In some embodiments, the speaker enclosure includes an external face, and the tiles are coupled to the external face. 
     In some embodiments, the sound bar frame includes an internal face, and the tiles are coupled to the internal face. In some embodiments, the display frame includes an internal face, and the tiles are coupled to the internal face. In some embodiments, the speaker enclosure includes an internal face, and the tiles are coupled to the internal face. 
     In some embodiments, the sound bar frame includes the tiles. In some embodiments, the display frame includes the tiles. In some embodiments, the speaker enclosure includes the tiles. 
     In some embodiments, the system further includes a display, and the display frame frames the display, and the tiles define a closed shape, and the closed shape encloses the display. Moreover, in some embodiments, the display is configured to receive power from a first power source, and the at least one of the tiles is configured to receive power from a second power source, and the first power source and the second power source are one power source. 
     In some embodiments, the system further includes a speaker, where the sound bar frame encloses the speaker, the tiles define a closed shape, and the closed shape encloses the speaker. In some embodiments, the speaker is configured to receive power from a first power source, where the at least one of the tiles is configured to receive power from a second power source. The first power source and the second power source are one power source. 
     In some embodiments, the system further includes a speaker, and the speaker enclosure encloses the speaker, and the tiles define a closed shape, and the closed shaped encloses the speaker. Moreover, in some embodiments, the speaker is configured to receive power from a first power source, and the at least one of the tiles is configured to receive power from a second power source, and the first power source and the second power source are one power source. 
     In some embodiments, the system further includes a controller coupled to the RFIC in the at least one of the tiles, where the controller is positioned off the tiles. 
     In some embodiments, the tiles are in contact with each other. In addition, in some embodiments, the tiles are coupled to each other. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the tiles avoid contact with each other. 
     In some embodiments, the tiles define a row. Alternatively or in addition, in some embodiments, the tiles define a column. 
     In some embodiments, the tiles are powered serially. In some embodiments, the tiles are powered in parallel. 
     In some embodiments, tiles identify a path via which the pocket of energy is defined. 
     In some embodiments, the tiles are part of an antenna array. 
     In some embodiments, the tiles define the pocket of energy. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one of the tiles includes a controller coupled to the RFIC, and the controller is configured to control the RFIC. 
       FIG. 22  illustrates a transmitter integrated with a timing device. In some embodiments, a timing device capable of wireless power transmission includes a housing comprising: a transmitter  102  configured to generate a plurality of wireless power transmission waves, the transmitter  102  comprising: a plurality of antennas  2202  (e.g., an embodiment of antennas  110 ,  FIG. 1 ) configured to transmit the wireless power transmission waves in response to a communication signal indicating a power requirement of an electronic device; a digital signal processor  2204  configured to control the plurality of wireless power transmission waves in order to form a pocket of energy in a plurality of predetermined regions in a space; and a communication component  2208  configured to communicate with a receiver (e.g., receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ) coupled to the electronic device; a time display  2212  on a surface of the housing; and a power source  2210  coupled to the transmitter  102  and the time display  2212 . The time display  2212  can be from a digital clock, or an analog clock  2214 , or couple to a transmission of time from a component associated with the transmitter  102 . 
     In some embodiments, a method for wireless transmission of power to an electronic device from a timing device includes establishing, by a transmitter associated with the timing device, a connection with a power source, the timing device being configured to house the transmitter and a time display; receiving, by the timing device, a reference time obtained from an atomic clock; presenting, by the timing device, the reference time on a time display of the timing device; providing, by the timing device, the reference time to a processor of the transmitter; generating, by the transmitter associated with the timing device, a plurality of wireless power transmission waves to form a pocket of energy; receiving, by the transmitter associated with the timing device, a transmission of a power requirement and location of an electronic device through a receiver associated with the electronic device; and transmitting, by the transmitter associated with the timing device, the plurality of wireless power transmission waves using a plurality of antennas in order to form a pocket of energy in a plurality of predetermined regions at the receiver in response to the received transmission. 
       FIG. 22  illustrates examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIG. 22 . 
       FIG. 23  illustrates an example embodiment of lighting devices, such as a lantern  2302 , a flameless candle  2304 , a desk lamp  2306 , or a LED lighting device  2308 , coupled to a receiver (e.g., an embodiment of the receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ), where the receiver  2302  may be used for receiving wireless power transmission from a transmitter (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ). Each lighting device may include a light generating component (e.g., LED bulb, halogen bulb, or other bulb, diode, or capacitor) coupled to a battery or other power source. Receiver  2310  may be embedded in these devices or otherwise coupled to the lighting devices. In some implementations, the receiver  2310  may include one or more antenna elements  2312 . The number, spacing and type of antenna elements  2312  may be calculated according to the design, size and/or type of external battery. The receiver  2310  also includes other components such as a rectifier  2314 , an electric current converter  2316 , and a communications component  2318  that includes a communication circuit associated with a communication antenna. In some implementations, terminating the transmission of power from the transmitter will result in turning off all the lighting devices that were powered by the wireless power from the transmitter. In some implementations, the receipt of power at the receiver may be terminated. In some implementations, a string of lighting devices may be connected through a single receiver system. 
       FIG. 24  illustrates an example embodiment of lighting devices, such as a flashlight  2402 , a flameless candle  2404 , a LED lighting device  2406 , or a desk lamp  2408 , coupled to a receiver  2410  (e.g., an embodiment of the receiver  120 ,  FIG. 1 ), where the receiver  2410  may be used for receiving wireless power transmission from a transmitter (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitter  102 ,  FIG. 1 ). Receiver  2410  may be coupled to a battery  2420  that is associated with the lighting devices, either as an embedded or built-in battery or an external one. In some implementations, the receiver  2410  may include one or more antenna elements  2412 . The number, spacing and type of antenna elements  2412  may be calculated according to the design, size and/or type of external battery. The receiver  2410  also includes other components such as a rectifier  2414 , an electric current converter  2416 , and a communications component  2418  including a communication circuit associated with a communication antenna. 
       FIGS. 23 and 24  illustrate examples of or relate to the wireless power transmission environment  100  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . For the sake of brevity, certain details related to techniques for wirelessly delivering power described above in reference to  FIG. 1  are not repeated here, as one of skill in the art will appreciate that these techniques apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 23 and 24   
     Presented below are example devices for and methods of wirelessly delivering power to receivers using transmitters in various lighting devices. 
     In some embodiments, a lighting device with a wireless power transmission receiver includes a receiver coupled to the lighting device, the receiver comprising: (i) an antenna element configured to receive one or more power transmission waves converging to form a pocket of energy and generate an electrical current by harvesting energy from the one or more power transmission waves, and the electrical current is in an alternating current form of electricity; (ii) a rectifier coupled to the antenna element and configured to rectify the alternating current form of electricity into a direct current form of electricity; and (iii) a power converter coupled to the rectifier and configured to generate a constant voltage output of electrical current in the form of direct current, and the power converter is communicatively coupled to the lighting device, and and the receiver provides the direct current to the lighting device. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver is integrated into the lighting device. 
     In some embodiments, the lighting device is portable. 
     In some embodiments, the lighting device is selected from the group consisting of: a lantern, a lamp, a flameless candle, and a LED device. 
     In some embodiments, the receiver further includes one or more communications components configured to transmit a communication signal to a transmitter, and the communication signal identifies the receiver to the transmitter and indicates the location of the receiver relative to the transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the lighting device further includes a battery coupled to the lighting device. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the battery is configured to function as a sole source of power for the lighting device. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the battery is configured to be a back-up source of power for the lightening device. In some embodiments, the battery is removably coupled to the lighting device. The battery may be integrated into the lighting device. 
     In some embodiments, an example method of providing wireless power to a lighting device includes interfacing, by an antenna element of a receiver associated with a lighting device, with a pocket of energy defined via a plurality of wireless power transmission waves; producing, by the antenna element of the receiver, electrical energy having an alternating current form based on the pocket of energy; and rectifying, by a rectifier of the receiver, the alternating current form of electricity into a direct current form of electricity, and the rectifier is coupled to the antenna element. The method further includes converting, by a power converter of the receiver, the direct current form of electricity to a constant voltage output of electrical current, and the power converter is coupled to the rectifier; and providing, by the power converter of the receiver, the electrical energy to power the lighting device. 
     Features of the present invention can be implemented in, using, or with the assistance of a computer program product, such as a storage medium (media) or computer readable storage medium (media) having instructions stored thereon/in which can be used to program a processing system to perform any of the features presented herein. The storage medium (e.g., memory  106 ) can include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices, and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  106  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU(s)  104 . Memory  106 , or alternatively the non-volatile memory device(s) within memory  106 , includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. 
     Stored on any one of the machine readable medium (media), features of the present invention can be incorporated in software and/or firmware for controlling the hardware of a processing system (such as the components associated with the transmitters  102  and/or receivers  120 ), and for enabling a processing system to interact with other mechanisms utilizing the results of the present invention. Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments/containers. 
     Communication systems as referred to herein (e.g., communications component  112 ,  FIG. 1 ) optionally communicate via wired and/or wireless communication connections. Communication systems optionally communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. Wireless communication connections optionally use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to radio-frequency (RF), radio-frequency identification (RFID), infrared, radar, sound, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), ZIGBEE, wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), BLUETOOTH, Wireless Fidelity (WI-FI) (e.g., IEEE 102.11a, IEEE 102.11ac, IEEE 102.11ax, IEEE 102.11b, IEEE 102.11g and/or IEEE 102.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the claims. As used in the description of the embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in accordance with a determination” or “in response to detecting,” that a stated condition precedent is true, depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined [that a stated condition precedent is true]” or “if [a stated condition precedent is true]” or “when [a stated condition precedent is true]” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “in accordance with a determination” or “upon detecting” or “in response to detecting” that the stated condition precedent is true, depending on the context. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claims to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain principles of operation and practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art.