Patent Publication Number: US-7720880-B2

Title: Setting method of measuring apparatus, analyzing system, data processing apparatus, and storage medium

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-94073 filed Mar. 29, 2005, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
   TECHNICAL FIELD 
   The present invention relates to a setting method of a measuring apparatus, analyzing system and data processing apparatus using the setting method, and a computer readable storage medium for recording computer programs for enabling a computer to function as a data processing apparatus. 
   BACKGROUND 
   Measuring apparatuses for measuring blood specimens, urine specimens, and the various shapes of particle specimens and the like are known as blood analyzers, urine analyzers, and particle analyzers. Since this type of measuring apparatus must process measurement data and manage measurement results and analysis results, a data processing apparatus configured by a computer on which is installed application programs used for such processing and data management is provided separately from the measuring apparatus, and the data processing apparatus is configured so as to process the measurement data and display and manage the measurement results (for example, refer to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-202346). 
   The application programs are generally multi user type software programs, that have environmental settings for each user. The setting data are stored in a database, and are read by the CPU when the application program starts, such that the application program operates in accordance with the setting data. Setting parameter data and setting value data are associated and stored as data sets in the database. For example, in the case of [display units of the item HGB are g/dL], a data set is created in which the setting parameter data are [item=HGB], and the setting value data are [display units=g/dL]. In the case of the setting content [username “Admin” has data change authority], a data set is created in which the setting parameter data are [username=Admin], and setting value data are [data change authority=YES]. 
   After the data sets are read from the database, the CPU develops a data tree.  FIG. 42  is a schematic diagram showing an example of a data tree used by a conventional application program. As shown in  FIG. 42 , in conventional application programs, data trees t 1  and t 2  are established for each associated data set, and the respective data trees t 1  and t 2  store setting value data at leaf nodes, and store setting parameter data at intermediate nodes between a root node and the leaf nodes. Using the above example, a data tree t 1  is constructed by the intermediate node [item=HGB] and leaf node [display units=g/dL] from the data set in which the setting parameter data are [item=HGB], and setting value data are [display units=g/dL]; and a data tree t 2  is constructed by the intermediate node [username=Admin] and the leaf node [data change authority=YES] from the data set in which the setting parameter data are [username=Admin], and the setting value data are [data change authority=YES]. Thus, when an application program is executed and [item=HGB] is the setting parameter, the data tree t 1  is searched from the root node, [display units=g/dL] is retrieved as setting value data, and [display units of the item HGB are g/dL] is set as the setting content. When [username=Admin] is the setting parameter, the data tree t 2  is searched from the root node, [data change authority=YES] is retrieved as setting value data, and [username “Admin” has data change authority] is set as the setting content. 
   In such conventional application programs, the previously described tree structures must be greatly changed when the functions of the application program are changed by version upgrades and the like for the reasons described below. 
   An example in which the function [display units for each item are modifiable by each user] is added is described below.  FIG. 43  is a schematic diagram showing an example of a data tree when a function is added to a conventional application program. Using the example, when the setting content is changed to [display units are “g/dL” for display item “HGB” of username “Admin”], a data set is created in which the setting parameters are [username=Admin] and [item=HGB], and the setting value data are [display units=g/dL]; when the setting content is changed to [display units are g/L for the display item [HGB] in [username=User 1 ], a data set is created in which the setting parameters are [username=User 1 ] and [item=HGB], and the setting value data are [display units=g/L]. In this case, since the setting parameter [username] is in both data sets, the [username] node is directly linked to the root node, and the [item] node and [data change authority] node are linked at lower levels, as shown in  FIG. 43 . Furthermore, the [display units] leaf node is linked at a tier below the [item] node. Thus, the data tree t 1  and data tree t 2  shown in  FIG. 42  are merged to create a larger data tree t 3 . 
   When the setting functions of an application program are modified in this way, the change in the tree structure extends to the part of the setting function that were not changed (in the example, setting functions related to data modifying authority) in conjunction with the substantial changes to the tree structure of the setting values. Accordingly, in a design revision of the application program, it is necessary to change not only the parts of the application program related to the modified function settings, but also the parts related to the unmodified function settings. Thus, when a setting function is modified in conventional application programs, many development processes are necessary, which leads to the problem of increased development cost. 
   SUMMARY 
   The scope of the present invention is defined solely by the appended claims, and is not affected to any degree by the statements within this summary. 
   The first aspect of the present invention relates to a setting method of a measuring apparatus, comprising the steps of: acquiring a setting item, a setting condition, and a setting value; mutually associating the setting item, the setting condition, and the setting value for each setting item; and acquiring setting value that match setting item and setting condition based on a relationship among the setting item, setting condition, and setting value when setting item and setting condition are obtained. 
   The second aspect of the present invention relates to an analyzing system for analyzing a specimen, comprising: a database for storing setting data related to measurement of a specimen; first acquiring means for reading setting data from the database, and acquiring a setting item, a setting condition, and a setting value based on the setting data; associating means for mutually associating the setting item, the setting condition, and a setting value acquired by the first acquiring means for each setting item; and second acquiring means for acquiring the setting value that matches the obtained setting item and setting condition based on a relationship among the setting item, the setting condition, and the setting value associated by the associating means. 
   The third aspect of the present invention relates to a data processing apparatus for processing a measurement result of an external measuring apparatus, comprising: a database for storing setting data related to measurement of specimens; first acquiring means for reading setting data from the database, and acquiring a setting item, a setting condition, and a setting value based on the setting data; associating means for mutually associating the setting item, the setting condition, and a setting value acquired by the first acquiring means for each setting item; and second acquiring means for acquiring the setting value that matches the obtained setting item and setting condition based on a relationship among the setting item, the setting condition, and the setting value associated by the associating means. 
   The fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a computer readable storage medium for recording a computer program used for processing a measurement result of a measuring apparatus that measures a specimen, wherein the computer program comprises: first acquiring means that enables a computer to function so as to read setting data from the database, and to acquire a setting item, a setting condition, and a setting value based on the setting data; associating means for enabling a computer to function so as to mutually associate the acquired setting item, setting condition, and setting value for each setting item; and second acquiring means for enabling a computer to function so as to acquire the setting value that matches the obtained setting item and setting condition based on a relationship among the setting item, the setting condition, and the setting value associated by the associating means. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic view showing the structure of an analysis system of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view showing the external structure of a hemocyte analyzer and data processing apparatus of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram showing the structure of the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic view showing the structure of the optical detection unit of the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic view showing the structure of the RBC detection unit of the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 6  is a perspective view showing the structure of a HGB detection unit of the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic view showing the structure of the IMI detection unit of the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 8  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus of the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic view showing the structure of the application program used by the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 10  is a schematic view showing the common module and model dependent module of the application program stored on the hard disk in the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 11  is a conceptual drawing showing an example of a data tree for setting the measuring apparatus and application program of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 12  is a conceptual drawing showing an example of a data tree when functions are added to the application program of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 13  is a flow chart showing the flow of the application program setting operation of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 14  is a block diagram showing the structure of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 15  is a schematic view illustrating the measurement principle of the biological activity method in the blood coagulation measurement; 
       FIG. 16  is a schematic view illustrating the measurement principle of the synthetic substrate method and immunoturbidity method in the blood coagulation measurement; 
       FIG. 17  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 18  is a schematic view showing the structure of the application program used by the blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 19  is a block diagram showing the structure of the measurement result reference data processing apparatus of the hemocyte analyzer and blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 20  is a schematic view showing the structure of the application program used for measurement result reference of the hemocyte analyzer and blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 21  is a flow chart showing the application program processing sequence when a specimen is measured by the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 22  is a flow chart showing the application program processing sequence when a specimen is measured by the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 23  is a flow chart showing the application program processing sequence when a specimen is measured by the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 24  is a schematic view of an example of the structure of an initial window of the application program used on the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 25  is a schematic view of an example of the structure of a measurement record window of the application program used on the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 26  is a schematic view showing the flow of the data to the measuring apparatus until the measurement order is issued; 
       FIG. 27  is a schematic view of an example of the structure of a measurement result display window of the application program used on the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 28  is a schematic view showing the flow of data after the data processing apparatus has received the measurement value data from the measuring apparatus until the measurement results are displayed in the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 29  is a schematic view of an example of the structure of a measurement result detail information display window of the application program used on the hemocyte analyzer of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 30  is a schematic view of an example of the structure of a measurement record window of the application program used on the blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 31  is a schematic view of an example of the structure of a measurement result display window of the application program used on the blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 32  is a schematic view of an example of the structure of a measurement result detail information display window of the application program used on the blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 33  is a schematic view showing the structure of the measurement result display window of the application program used for measurement result reference of the hemocyte analyzer and blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 34  is a schematic view showing the structure of the measurement result detail information display window of the application program used for measurement result reference of the hemocyte analyzer and blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 35  is a flow chart illustrating the operation flow related to the fault tolerance of the analysis system of the first embodiment; 
       FIG. 36  is a schematic view showing the structure of the analysis system of a second embodiment; 
       FIG. 37  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus of the hemocyte analyzer of the second embodiment; 
       FIG. 38  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the second embodiment; 
       FIG. 39  is a schematic view showing the structure of the analysis system of a third embodiment; 
       FIG. 40  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus of the hemocyte analyzer of the third embodiment; 
       FIG. 41  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the third embodiment; 
       FIG. 42  is a schematic diagram showing an example of a data tree used by a conventional application program; and 
       FIG. 43  is a schematic diagram showing an example of a data tree when a function is added to a conventional application program. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   The embodiments of the analysis system, data processing apparatus, measuring apparatus, and application program are described hereinafter with reference to the drawings. 
   First Embodiment 
     FIG. 1  is a schematic view showing the structure of the analysis system of a first embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 1 , the analysis system  1  of the first embodiment has essential structural elements that include hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  3  for hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  5  for blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  6  used for all hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and patient data management database server  7 . The hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  3 , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  5 , data processing apparatus  6 , and database server  7  are installed within an medical institution such as, for example, a hospital or pathology research facility. Furthermore, the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  3 , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  5 , and data processing apparatus  6 , may be provided, for example, in a pathology research facility, and the database server  7  may be installed in a hospital or the like, such that the apparatuses configuring the analysis system  1  are separately provided at a plurality of institutions. The hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  3 , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  5 , data processing apparatus  6 , and database server  7  are connected by means of a communication network NW, such as the internet, a LAN, dedicated line using a telephone line or the like, so as to be capable of mutual data communication. 
     FIG. 2  is a perspective view showing the external structure of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  and data processing apparatus  3 . The hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  are used for blood testings, and a constructed so as to be capable of predetermined measurements of components contained in blood specimens. Although only the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  is shown in  FIG. 2 , two hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  having identical structures are connected so as to be capable of sending and received data to and from the data processing apparatus  3  in the analysis system  1  of the first embodiment.  FIG. 3  is a block diagram showing the structure of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  ( 2   b ). The hemocyte analyzer  2   a  ( 2   b ) is configured by the essential structural elements of an optical detection unit  21 , RBC detection unit  22 , HGB detection unit  23 , IMI detection unit  24 , control unit  25 , and communication unit  28 . The control unit  25  is configured by a CPU, ROM, RAM and the like, so as to control the operation of each structural element of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a . The communication unit  28  is an interface, for example an Ethernet (registered trademark) interface, and is capable of sending and receiving data between the data processing apparatuses  3 ,  5 , and  6 . 
   The optical detection unit  21  is capable of measuring white blood cells, nucleated red blood cells, and reticulocytes by flow cytometry using a semiconductor laser.  FIG. 4  is a schematic view showing the structure of the optical detection unit  21 . The hemocyte analyzer  2   a  has a sample supply part not shown in the drawing, and blood samples are suctioned and measured, diluted at a predetermined dilution ratio, and stained by the sample supply part. The optical detection unit  21  is provided with a sheath flow cell  21   a , and a sample is supplied from the sample supply part to the sheath flow cell  21   a . The optical detection unit  21  is also provided with a sheath fluid tank not shown in the drawing, and sheath fluid is supplied from the sheath fluid tank to the sheath flow cell  21   a . The sample flows encapsulated in the sheath fluid within the sheath flow cell  21   a . The sheath flow cell  21   a  is provided with an orifice  21   b , and the orifice  21   b  constricts the flow of the sample, and the particles contained in the sample, such as white blood cells, red blood cells and the like, pass one by one through the orifice  21   b.    
   A semiconductor laser light source is arranged in the optical detection unit  21  so as to emit laser light toward the orifice  21   b  of the sheath flow cell  21   a . An illumination lens system  21   c  configured by a plurality of lenses is disposed between the semiconductor laser light source and the sheath flow cell  21   a . Parallel beams emitted from the semiconductor laser light source are collected at a beam spot by the illumination lens system  21   c . A forward scattered light collection lens  21   e , which is provided with a beam stopper  21   d , is disposed on the optical axis of the light emitted from the semiconductor laser light source so as to confront the illumination lens system  21   c  and sandwich the sheath flow cell  21   a  therebetween, such that the direct light from the semiconductor laser light source is blocked by the beam stopper  21   d.    
   When a sample flows in the sheath flow cell  21   a , optical signals are generated from the scattered light and fluorescent light. The forward signal light is collected by the forward scattered light collection lens  21   e , and sent to a photoreceptor system in a later stage. This photoreceptor system is provided with a pinhole  21   f , and a photodiode  21   g  downstream from the optical axis. After the stray light (light outside the measurement) is eliminated by the pinhole  21   f , the signal light sent from the forward scattered light collection lens  21   e  is subjected to opto-electric conversion by the photodiode  21   g , and the generated electric signal (forward scattered light signal) is amplified by an amplifier  21   h  and output to the control unit  25 . The forward scattered light signal reflects the size of the hemocyte, such that the size of the hemocyte can be obtained when the control unit  25  subjects the forward scattered light signal to signal processing. 
   A lateral collection lens  21   i  is disposed at the side of the sheath flow cell  21   a  so as to face the optical axis connecting the illumination lens system  21   c  and the forward scattered light lens  21   e , and the lateral light generated when the hemocyte passing through the sheath flow cell  21   a  is illuminated by the semiconductor laser is collected by the lateral collection lens  21   i . A dichroic mirror  21   j  is provided on the downstream side of the lateral collection lens  21   i , such that the signal light sent from the lateral collection lens  21   i  is divided into a scattered light component and a fluorescent light component by the dichroic mirror  21   j . A photomultiplier tube  21   k  for receiving the lateral scattered light is provided on the side of the dichroic mirror  21   j  (the direction of the intersection of the optical axes connecting the lateral collection lens  21   i  and the dichroic mirror  21   j ), and an optical filter  21   m , pinhole  21   n , and photomultiplier tube  21   o  are provided on the downstream side of the optical axis of the dichroic mirror  21   j . The lateral scattered light component separated by the dichroic mirror  21   j  is subjected to photoelectric conversion by the photomultiplier  21   k , and the generated electrical signals (lateral scattered light signals) are amplified by the amplifier  21   p  and output to the control unit  25 . The lateral scattered light signals reflect the internal information (size of nucleus and the like) of the hemocyte, and the control unit  25  obtains the size of the nucleus of the hemocyte by subjecting the lateral scattered light signal to signal processing. Furthermore, after the lateral fluorescent light component emitted from the dichroic mirror  21   j  has been subjected to wavelength selection by the optical filter  21   m , the light is subjected to photoelectric conversion by the photomultiplier  21   o , and the generated electrical signals (lateral fluorescent light signals) are amplified by the amplifier  21   q  and output to the control unit  25 . The lateral fluorescent light signals reflect information relating to the degree of staining of the hemocyte. 
   The RBC detection unit  22  is capable of measuring the number of red blood cells and number of platelets by a sheath flow-DC method.  FIG. 5  is a schematic view showing the structure of the RBC detection unit  22 . The RBC detection unit  22  has a sheath flow cell  22   a  as shown in  FIG. 5 . The sheath flow cell  22   a  is provided with a sample nozzle  22   b  that opens facing upward. Furthermore, the sheath flow cell  22   a  has tapered chamber  22   c  that becomes narrower as it progresses upward, and the sample nozzle  22   b  is disposed in the center of the interior of the chamber  22   c . The top end of the chamber  22   c  is provided with an aperture  22   d , and the aperture  22   d  is positioned at the center position of the sample nozzle  22   b . The sample supplied from the sample supply unit is transported upward from the end of the sample nozzle  22   b , and a front sheath fluid is simultaneously supplied to the chamber  22   c , such that the front sheath fluid flows upward to the aperture  22   d . The sample flows encapsulated in the front sheath fluid, and the sample flow is narrowly constricted by the tapered chamber  22   c , such that the hemocytes in the sample pass one by one through the aperture  22   d . An electrode is provided in the aperture  22   d , and a direct current is supplied to the electrode. The change in the direct current resistance in the aperture  22   d  is detected when the sample flows through the aperture  22   d , and an electrical signal is output to the control unit  25 . Since the direct current resistance increases when the hemocyte flows through the aperture  22   d , the electrical signal reflects the hemocyte passage information at the aperture  22   d , and the numbers of red blood cells and platelets can be counted by subjecting the electrical signal to signal processing. 
   A vertically extending collection tube  22   e  is provided above the aperture  22   d . The collection tube  22   e  is arranged within a chamber  22   f  that is connected to the chamber  22   c  through the aperture  22   d . The bottom end of the collection tube  22   e  is isolated from the interior wall of the chamber  22   f . The chamber  22   f  supplies back sheath fluid, and the back sheath fluid flows downward through the outside region of the collection tube  22   e  of the chamber  22   f . After reaching the bottom end of the chamber  22   f , the back sheath fluid flowing outside the collection tube  22   e  passes between the bottom end of the collection tube  22   e  and the inner wall of the chamber  22   f , and enters the interior of the collection tube  22   e . Thus, the hemocytes that have passed through the chamber  22   d  are prevented from returning, thereby preventing hemocyte detection errors. 
   The HGB detection unit  23  is capable of measuring the amount of hemoglobin (HGB) by the SLS hemoglobin method.  FIG. 6  is a perspective view showing the structure of the HGB detection unit  23 . The HGB detection unit  23  has a cell  23   a  for holding dilute sample, light-emitting diode  23   b  for emitting light toward the cell  23   a , and a photoreceptor element  23   c  for receiving the light that passes through the cell  23   a . In the sample supply unit, a measured amount of blood is diluted to a predetermined dilution by dilution fluid and a predetermined hemolytic agent to obtain a dilute sample. The hemolytic agent has the property of transforming hemoglobin in the blood to SLS-hemoglobin. The dilute sample is supplied from the sample supply unit to the cell  23   a , and is accommodated in the cell  23   a . In this state, the light-emitting diode  23   b  emits light, and the light passing through the cell  23   a  is received by the photoreceptor element  23   c  disposed opposite the light-emitting diode  23   b . The light-emitting diode  23   b  emits light of a wavelength that has a high absorption rate by the SLS-hemoglobin, and since the cell  23   a  is configured by a plastic material that has a high degree of light transmittancy, the photoreceptor element  23   c  only receives the transmission light absorbed by the dilute sample from the emission light of the light-emitting diode  23   b . The photoreceptor element  23   c  outputs an electrical signal that corresponds to the amount of received light (optical density) to the control unit  25 , and the control unit  25  compares this optical density with the optical density of the previously measured dilution fluid, then calculates the hemoglobin value. 
   The IMI detection unit  24  is capable of measuring the incidence of immature red cells in a specimen by the RF/DC detection method.  FIG. 7  is a schematic view showing the structure of the IMI detection unit  24 . The IMI detection unit  24  has a detection chamber  24   a , suction chamber  24   b , DC current supply circuit  24   e  connected to electrodes  24   c  and  24   d , and a high-frequency current supply circuit  24   f  connected to electrodes  24   c  and  24   d . A blood sample suctioned and measured, and diluted to a predetermined dilution by the sample supply unit is delivered to the detection chamber  24   a . The detection chamber  24   a  and the suction chamber  24   b  are adjacent, and both chambers  24   a  and  24   b  are connected by an aperture  24   g . The suction chamber  24   b  is connected to a pump not shown in the drawing, such that the dilute sample can be suctioned by the pump. The suctioned dilute sample passes from the detection chamber  24   a  through the aperture  24   g  and into the suction chamber  24   b . The electrode  23   c  is provided within the detection chamber  24   a , and the electrode  24   d  is provided within the suction chamber  24   b . The DC current supply circuit  24   e  is connected in series with a resistor  24   h  and a DC power supply  24   i , such that a DC current flows between the electrodes  24   c  and  24   d . Accordingly, when a dilute sample is suctioned by the pump, the DC resistance changes between the electrodes  24   c  and  24   d  when the hemocytes in the dilute sample pass through the aperture  24   g . An electrical signal representing the change in the DC resistance is output from the DC current supply circuit  24   e  to the control unit  25 . The change in the DC resistance reflects the size information of the hemocyte that has passed through the aperture  24   g , and the size of the hemocyte is obtained when the control unit  25  subjects the electrical signal to signal processing. 
   The high-frequency current supply circuit  24   f  is connected in series with a capacitor  24   j  and a high-frequency power supply  24   k , and supplies a high-frequency current between the electrodes  24   c  and  24   d . Accordingly, when a dilute sample is suctioned by the pump, the high-frequency resistance changes between the electrodes  24   c  and  24   d  when the hemocytes in the dilute sample pass through the aperture  24   g . An electrical signal representing the change in the high-frequency resistance is output from the high-frequency current supply circuit  24   f  to the control unit  25 . The change in the high-frequency resistance reflects the internal density information of the hemocyte that has passed through the aperture  24   g , and the internal density of the hemocyte is obtained when the control unit  25  subjects the electrical signal to signal processing. 
   The structure of the data processing apparatus is described below.  FIG. 8  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus  3  used by the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  in the first embodiment. The data processing apparatus  3  is mainly configured by a computer  3   a  which includes a body  31 , display unit  32 , and input unit  33 . The body  31  mainly includes a CPU  31   a , ROM  31   b , RAM  31   c , hard disk  31   d , reading device  31   e , I/O interface  31   f , communication interface  31   g , and image output interface  31   h , and the CPU  31   a , ROM  31   b , RAM  31   c , hard disk  31   d , reading device  31   e , I/O interface  31   f , communication interface  31   g , and image output interface  31   h  are connected by a bus  31   i.    
   The CPU  31   a  is capable of executing computer programs stored in the ROM  31   b  and computer programs loaded in the RAM  31   c . The computer  3   a  functions as the data processing apparatus  3  when the CPU  31   a  executes an application program  34   a  described later. 
   The ROM  31   b  may be a mask ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM or the like, and stores computer programs executed by the CPU  31   a , and data used by the computer programs. 
   The RAM  31   c  may be an SRAM or DRAM or the like. The RAM  31   c  reads the computer programs stored in the ROM  31   b  and on the hard disk  31   d . When the computer programs are being executed, the RAM  31   c  is used as a work area for the CPU  31   a.    
   The hard disk  31   d  has installed thereon an operating system and application programs and the like, computer programs of various types which are executed by the CPU  31   a , and data used in the execution of the computer programs. The application program  34   a , which is described later, is also installed on the hard disk  31   d.    
   The reading device  31   e  is configured by a floppy disk drive, CD-ROM drive, DVD-ROM drive or the like, and is capable of reading computer programs and data recorded on a portable storage medium  34 . The portable recording medium  34  stores the application program  34   a  which allows a computer to function as a data processing apparatus for a measuring apparatus; the computer  3   a  can read the application program from the portable recording medium  34 , and install the application program  34   a  on the hard disk  31   d.    
   The application program  34   a  need not be provided by the portable recording medium  34 , inasmuch as the application program  34   a  may be provided over an electrical communication line from an external apparatus connected to the computer  3   a  so as to be capable of communication by means of an electrical communication line (wired or wireless). For example, the application program  34   a  may be stored on the hard disk of a server computer connected to the Internet, such that the computer  3   a  can access the server computer and download the application program  34   a  and install the application program on the hard disk  31   d.    
   An operating system that provides a graphical user interface environment, such as Windows (trademark of Microsoft Corporation) or the like, is installed on the hard disk  31   d . In the following description, the application program  34   a  of the first embodiment operates on the aforesaid operating system. 
     FIG. 9  is a schematic view showing the structure of the application program  34   a  used by the blood analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  of the first embodiment. The application program  34   a  has a tri-layered architecture including a presentation layer  34   b , business logic layer  34   c , and data access layer  34   d . The presentation layer  34   b  is layer equivalent to a user interface part and communication part in the application program  34   a ; a basic display module  35   a  for executing a basic parts display in a window of the application program  34   a , a measurement result display module  35   b  for displaying measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  on the display unit  32 , an IP message display module  35   c  for displaying an IP message indicating an abnormal specimen or suspected anomaly, a quality control chart display module  35   d  for displaying a quality control screen, and a communication module  35   e  for communicating with the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and the like belong to the presentation layer  34   b.    
   The business logic layer  34   c  is a layer equivalent to data processing and operation part in the application program  34   a ; a common logic module  35   f  that is common to all apparatus models and includes a unit conversion module for data unit conversion, and a quality control graph display data preparation module and the like, and a hemocyte analysis logic module  35   g  for executing data processing characteristic of the hemocyte analyzers and the like belong to the business logic layer  34   c.    
   The data access layer  34   d  is a layer equivalent to the data access part in the application program  34   a ; a database access module  35   h  for accessing databases DB 21  and DB 22 , which are described later, belongs to the data access layer  35   h . The program modules  35   a - 35   h  are components of the application program, and are included in the execution format file and dynamic link library. Although only the program modules  35   a - 35   h  are listed as program modules that configure the application program  34   a , only these representative program modules are represented to simplify the description, and other program modules are actually present. 
   The basic display module  35   a , quality control chart display module  35   d , common logic module  35   f , and database access module  35   h  are common program modules of the application program of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses (hereinafter referred to as ‘common modules’), whereas the measurement result display module  35   b , IP message display module  35   c , communication module  35   e , and hemocyte analysis logic module  35   g  are program modules that are characteristic of the application program for the hemocyte analyzers (hereinafter referred to as ‘model-dependent modules’).  FIG. 10  is a schematic view showing the storage condition of the common modules and model-dependent modules on the hard disk  31   d . As shown in  FIG. 10 , the basic display module  35   a , quality control chart display module  35   d , common logic module  35   f , and database access module  35   h  are stored in a single dynamic link library  35   i . The measurement result display module  35   b , IP message display module  35   c , communication module  35   e , and hemocyte analysis logic module  35   g  are also stored in a single dynamic logic library  35   j . That is, the common modules and model-dependent modules are stored in separate dynamic link libraries  35   i  and  35   j , and the dynamic link libraries  35   i  and  35   j  are saved on the hard disk  31   d . Since the dynamic link libraries  35   i  and  35   j  are stored in separate files (dynamic link libraries), the common module can be used in other application programs directly in the dynamic link library format of binary data without processing the links, thus improving convenience and development efficiency. Although the common modules are stored in a single dynamic link library  35   i  as described in the present embodiment, the common modules may also be separately stored in a plurality of dynamic link libraries. Similarly, although the model-dependent modules are stored in a single dynamic link library as described in the present embodiment, the model-dependent modules may also be separately stored in a plurality of dynamic link libraries. 
   The previously described application program  34   a  is configured in three layers including a presentation layer  34   b , business logic layer  34   c , and data access layer  34   d . The presentation layer  34   b  includes many program modules for many different measuring apparatuses. The business logic layer  34   c  includes many program modules that are common for different measuring apparatuses that use identical measurement principles (for example, high-order models and low-order models of hemocyte analyzers), and cannot be used commonly among measuring apparatuses that use different measurement principles (for example, hemocyte analyzers and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses). And the data access layer  34   d  includes many program modules common among diverse types of measuring apparatuses. In this way this hierarchy can be understood according to the level of commonality of the parts of the application program, and since the program modules are divided by the commonality level, program modules can be effectively used among diverse apparatuses, thus providing greater efficiency in developing application programs for diverse equipment. 
   Databases DB 21  and DB 22  are installed on the hard disk  31   d . The database DB 21  is a relational database for mutually associating and storing specimen numbers and measurement result data of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b . The measurement result data acquired by the measurements performed by the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  are stored in the database DB 21  by the application program  34   a . The application program  34   a  can also access the database DB 21 , read past measurement result data, and display the data on the display unit  32 . 
   The database DB 22  is a database for storing the setting values of the application program  34   a  and the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b . The database DB 22  is a relational database for mutually associating and storing setting data of various types. The application program  34   a  is software of the multi user type intended to be used by a plurality of users; usage restrictions of the functions of the application program  34   a  can be set for each user, and the display format can be set differently for each user. Accordingly, the setting values and the like of each user are saved in the database DB 22 , and the application program  34   a  reads the setting data from the database DB 22  at startup to realize the operation pursuant with the settings of each user. 
   The application program  34   a  reads the setting data from the database DB 22  at startup, and configures a data tree T with these setting data.  FIGS. 11 and 12  are conceptual drawings showing examples of the data tree T. The database DB 22  stores the setting data of the application program  34   a  and the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b ; the database DB 22  is accessed from the application program  34   a  to read the setting data and refresh the setting data. For example, the setting content of [display units of item HGB are g/dL] are a data set (setting data) including a first data “item=HGB” representing a setting condition, and a second data “display units=g/dL” mutually associating the setting item and setting value. The setting content of [user name “Admin” has data modification authority] is a data set including a first data “username=Admin” representing a setting condition, and a second data “data modification authority=YES” mutually associating the setting item and setting value; the setting content [user name “User 1 ” does not have data modification authority] is a data set including a first data “user name=User 1 ” and a second data “data modification authority=NO.” Various data sets include a plurality of data (first data, second data), and each data that are included in one data set are mutually associated and stored in the database DB 22 . 
   The operation of the application program  34   a  using the database DB 22  is described below.  FIG. 13  is a flow chart showing the flow of the setting operation performed by the application program  34   a . When an instruction to start the operation of the application program  34   a  is input to the data processing apparatus  3  as when a user double clicks the mouse on an icon displayed on the screen of the image display device  32  of the data processing apparatus  3 , the CPU  31   a  receives the operation start instruction and starts the application program  34   a  (step S 101 ). Then, the CPU  31   a  reads the setting data (data sets) from the database DB 22  (step S 102 ), and processes the setting data (step S 103 ). As described previously, each setting data include a first data representing the setting condition, and a second data mutually associating the setting data and setting values. In the process of step S 103 , a process is performed to disassemble the data set into [setting item], [setting condition], and [setting value]. That is, the data set “item=HGB” and “display units=g/dl is processed with the data ‘display units’ as [setting item], data ‘item=HGB’ as [setting condition], and data ‘g/dL’ as [setting value]. Similarly, the data set “user name=Admin” and “data modification authority=YES” is processed with the data ‘data modification authority’ as [setting item], data ‘user name=Admin’ as [setting condition], and data ‘YES’ as [setting value]; the data set “user name=User 1 ” and “data modification authority=NO” is processed with the data ‘data modification authority’ as [setting item], data ‘user name=User 1 ’ as [setting condition], and data ‘NO’ as [setting value]. The processed data are set in a hash table in the RAM  31   c  by the CPU  31   a  (step S 104 ), thus constructing the data trees T 1  and T 2  shown in  FIG. 11 . The database access module  35   h  of the application program  34   a  accesses the data trees T 1  and T 2 , sequentially searching, for example, “display units,” “item=HGB,” “g/dL,” and when the [setting item] is “display units,” the setting data “g/dL” of [setting condition] “item=HGB” is retrieved. Thus, the setting operation of the application program  34   a  is completed. 
   Changing specifications of the application program  34   a  to set [item display units modifiable by each user] is described from the example of  FIG. 11 . For example, when changing the setting content of [Display units of display item “HGB” in User name “Admin” are g/dL] from the above example, the pertinent data set includes “Username=Admin” and “Item=HGB” as first data representing the setting conditions, and “Display units=g/dL” as the second data mutually associating the setting item and the setting value; and when changing the setting content of [Display units of display item “HGB” in User name “User  1 ” are g/dL] the pertinent data set includes “Username=User 1 ” and “Item=HGB” as the first data, and “display units=g/dL” as the second data. Then, when the application program  34   a  starts, The data set “Username=Admin”, “Item=HGB”, and “Display units=g/dL” are processed with “Display unit” as the [setting item] data, “Username=Admin” as the [setting condition] data, and “g/dL” as the [setting value] data. Similarly, the data set of “Username=User 1 ”, “Item=HGB”, and “Display units=g/dl” is processed with “Display units” as the [Setting item] data, “Username=User 1 ” and ““Item=HGB” as the [Setting condition] data, and “g/dL” as the [Setting value] data. The processed data are set in a hash table, thus constructing the data trees T 1  and T 2  shown in  FIG. 12 . Since this develops the setting data into a tree in which the root node is set for [Setting item], intermediate node is set for [Setting condition], and leaf node is set for [Setting value], data tree structures independent for each [Setting item] are constructed. For example, the data tree T 1  in which [Setting item] is “Display units” and data tree T 2  in which [Setting item] is “Data modification authority” are constructed separately. Therefore, when changing the setting specifications of “Display units” in the application program  34   a , the data tree T 1  in which the [Setting item] is “Display units” is changed to data tree T 11 , and the change does not affect the data tree T 2  of “Data modification authority” (refer to  FIG. 12 ). Accordingly, part of a setting specification is changed in a version upgrade of the application program  34   a , only the part relating to the modified data tree is changed in the application program  34   a , thereby reducing the number of development processes. Moreover, since the modified data tree T 11  does not change the structure of the data tree itself, the database access module  35   h  is not modified and is accessible from the application program  34   a . Therefore, even when the specification of the setting value is modified, there are minimal changes to the application program  34   a , thus improving convenience and development efficiency. 
   The I/O interface  31   f  is configured by, for example, a serial interface such as USB, IEEE394, RS-232C or the like, parallel interface such as SCSI, IDE, IEEE284 or the like, and analog interface such as D/A converter, A/D converter or the like. The I/O interface  35   f  is connected to the input unit  33  including a mouse and keyboard, such that data can be input to the computer  3   a  when a user uses the input unit  33 . 
   The communication unit  31   g  is an interface, for example an Ethernet (registered trademark) interface, and the data processing apparatus  3  is capable of sending and receiving data between the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatuses  5  and  6 , and database server  7  connected to a communication network NW using a predetermined communication protocol by means of this communication interface  31   g.    
   The image output interface  35   h  is connected to the display unit  32  configured by an LCD, CRT or the like, and image signals corresponding to image data received from the CPU  31   a  are output to the display unit  32 . The display unit  32  displays images (screens) in accordance with the input image signals. 
   The structure of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are described below.  FIG. 14  is a block diagram showing the structure of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  ( 4   b ). The blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  ( 4   b ) is configured by essential components of a measuring unit  41 , control unit  42 , and communication unit  45 . The control unit  42  has a CPU, ROM, RAM and the like, and controls the operation of the various structural elements of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a . The communication unit  45  is an interface, for example an Ethernet (registered trademark) interface, and is capable of sending and receiving data between the data processing apparatuses  3 ,  5 , and  6 . 
   The measuring unit  41  has a light-emitting diode  41   a , halogen lamp  41   b , optical filter  41   c , optical fiber  41   d , photodiodes  41   e  and  41   f  (refer to  FIGS. 15 and 16 ), and a heater not shown in the drawing. The measuring unit  41  is capable of measuring blood coagulation time using a biological activity method; and measuring the change in optical density when specific reagents and coloring synthetic substrate are added to the plasma, and measuring the change in optical density when stabilizing reagent and antibody-sensitive reagent are added to plasma or serum. 
     FIG. 15  is a schematic view illustrating the measurement principle of the biological activity method. As shown in  FIG. 15 , the light-emitting diode  41   a  is disposed in the measuring unit  41  so as to emit light toward a cavity  41   g  that contains a sample. At the side of the cavity  41   g , the photodiode  41   e  is disposed such that the light-receiving surface is facing toward the cavity  41   g , and the direction of the light-receiving optical axis of the photodiode  41   e  forms an approximate 90(angle in the horizontal direction relative to the light-emitting optical axis of the light-emitting diode  41   a . The light-emitting diode  41   a  emits light at a wavelength of approximately 660 nm. A measured amount of plasma is accommodated in the cavity  41   g , and a coagulation reagent is added after the plasma has been heated by the heater for a predetermined time. Thereafter, light from the light-emitting diode  41   a  irradiates the sample, and the scattered light for the sample is received by the photodiode  41   e . The amount of received light represents the turbidity of the sample, and although the sample has weak scattered light (low turbidity) immediately after the reagent is added such that there is scant change in the amount of received light, fibrin clots begin to form in the sample as the reaction progresses, and the scattered light rapidly increases in conjunction with the increasing opacity of the sample in conjunction with the reaction. When the coagulation reaction ends, there is no further increase in scattered light, and the received light level remains fixed. The photodiode  41   e  outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the amount of received light, and this electrical signal is sent to the control unit  42 . The control unit  42  calculates the coagulation time from the received light data, and calculates the active percentage or density of specific blood components from the coagulation time. 
     FIG. 16  is a schematic view illustrating the measurement principle of the synthetic substrate method and immunoturbidity method. As shown in  FIG. 16 , a halogen lamp  41   b  is arranged in the measuring unit  41  so as to emit light toward the cavity  41   g . The optical filter  41   c  and optical fiber  41   d  are disposed between the halogen lamp  41   b  and the cavity  41   g , such that the light emitted from the halogen lamp  41   b  was diffracted into three wavelengths of 800 nm, 575 nm, and 405 nm by the optical filter  41   c , and this diffracted light passes through the optical finer  41   d  to irradiate the sample. The photodiode  41   f  is disposed so as to face the cavity  41   g , such that the light transmitted through the sample arrives at the photodiode  41   f  and the received light is converted to an electrical signal by the photodiode  41   f  and output to the control unit  42 . The control unit  42  calculates the change in optical density from the received light data, and calculates the active percentage or density of specific blood components based on a calibration curve representing the relationship of the active percentage or density of the specific blood component and the change in optical density or the change in optical density. When ATIII (antithrombin III), (2PI ((2-antiplasmin) or the like is measured by the synthetic substrate method, the plasma is heated for a predetermined time by the heater, and thereafter the coloring synthetic substrate is added and irradiated by light having a wavelength of 405 nm, whereupon the change in optical density is measured. Furthermore, when FDP (fibrin decomposition product), D-D dimer or the like is measured using the immunoturbidity method, the sample (plasma or serum) is heated for a predetermined time by the heater, and thereafter a stabilizing reagent and antibody sensitive reagent are added, and the sample is irradiated by light having a wavelength of 575 nm or 800 nm, whereupon the change in optical density is measured. 
   The structure of the data processing apparatus  5  is described below.  FIG. 17  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus  5  of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  and  4   b  of the first embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 17 , the data processing apparatus  5  is mainly configured by a computer  5   a  having a body  51 , display unit  52 , input unit  53 . The body  51  is mainly configured by a CPU  51   a , ROM  51   b , RAM  51   c , hard disk  51   d , reading device  51   e , I/O interface  51   f , communication interface  51   g , and image output interface  51   h ; the CPU  51   a , ROM  51   b , RAM  51   c , hard disk  51   d , reading device  51   e , I/O interface  51   f , communication interface  51   g , and image output interface  51   h  are connected by a bus  51   i . The structures of the CPU  51   a , ROM  51   b , RAM  51   c , hard disk  51   d , reading device  51   e , I/O interface  51   f , communication interface  51   g , and image output interface  51   h  are identical to the structures of the CPU  31   a , ROM  31   b , RAM  31   c , hard disk  31   d , reading device  31   e , I/O interface  31   f , communication interface  31   g , and image output interface  31   h , and are therefore omitted from the description. 
   The portable recording medium  54 , which is readable by the reading device  51   e , stores the application program  54   a  which allows a computer to function as a data processing apparatus for a measuring apparatus; the computer  5   a  can read the application program  54   a  from the portable recording medium  54 , and install the application program  54   a  on the hard disk  51   d . Similar to the previously described application program  34   a , the application program  54   a  may be provided over an electrical communication line from an external apparatus connected to the computer  5   a  so as to be capable of communication over the electrical communication line (wireless or wired). 
   An operating system that provides a graphical user interface environment, such as Windows (trademark of Microsoft Corporation) or the like, and the application program  54  are installed on the hard disk  51   d . In the following description, the application program  54   a  of the first embodiment operates on the aforesaid operating system. 
     FIG. 18  is a schematic view showing the structure of the application program  54   a  used by the blood coagulation measuring apparatus of the first embodiment. Similar to the application program  34   a , the application program  54   a  has a tri-layered architecture including a presentation layer  54   b , business logic layer  54   c , and data access layer  54   d . The presentation layer  54   b  is layer equivalent to a user interface part and communication part in the application program  54   a ; a basic display module  35   a  for executing a basic parts display in a window of the application program  54   a , a measurement result display module  55   b  for displaying measurement results of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  on the display unit  52 , a calibration curve display module  55   c  for displaying a calibration curve used in the calculation of the measurement results, quality control chart display module  35   d  for displaying a quality control screen, and communication module  55   e  for communicating with the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b.    
   The business logic layer  54   c  is a layer equivalent to data processing and processing part in the application program  54   a ; a common logic module  35   f  that is common to all apparatus models and includes a unit conversion module for data unit conversion, and a quality control graph display data preparation module and the like, and a blood coagulation measurement logic module  55   g  for executing data processing characteristic of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses and the like belong to the business logic layer  534   c.    
   The data access layer  54   d  is a layer equivalent to the data access part in the application program  54   a ; a database access module  35   h  for accessing databases DB 41  and DB 42 , which are described later, belongs to the data access layer  54   d . The business logic modules  35   a ,  35   d ,  35   f ,  35   h ,  55   b ,  55   c ,  55   e , and  55   g  are components of the application program, and are included in execution format files or dynamic link libraries. Although only the program modules  35   a ,  35   d ,  35   f ,  35   h ,  55   b ,  55   c ,  55   e , and  55   g  are listed as program modules that configure the application program  54   a , only these representative program modules are represented to simplify the description, and other program modules are actually present. 
   The basic display module  35   a , quality control chart display module  35   d , common logic module  35   f , and database access module  35   h  are common modules of the application program of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses, whereas the measurement result display module  55   b , calibration curve display module  55   c , communication module  55   e , and blood coagulation measurement logic module  55   g  are model-dependent modules that are characteristic of the application program for the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses. 
   Similar to the previously described application program  34   a , common modules and model-dependent modules of the application program  54   a  are stored in separate dynamic link libraries. The common modules of the application program  54   a  are stored in one dynamic link library, and the model-dependent modules are stored in another single dynamic link library (not shown in the drawing). The dynamic link library of the common modules is identical to the dynamic link library  35   i  of the application program  34   a  of the hemocyte analyzers. In this way there is unnecessary to develop a new dynamic link library, and the dynamic link library  35   i  can be diverted to the application program  54   a  simply by storing a copy of the dynamic link library  35   i  of the application program  34   a  in a predetermined storage location (directory) on the hard disk  51   d . The common module also may be stored in a single dynamic link library, or may be divided and stored in a plurality of dynamic link libraries, and the model-dependent module may be stored in a single dynamic link library, or may be divided and stored in a plurality of dynamic link libraries. 
   Databases DB 41  and DB 42  are installed on the hard disk  51   d . The database DB 41  is a relational database for mutually associating and storing specimen numbers and measurement result data of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b . The database DB 41  is configured with the same schema as the database DB 21 , and the measurement result data obtained from measurements by the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are stored in the database DB 41  by the application program  54   a . The application program  54   a  can also access the database DB 41 , read past measurement result data, and display the data on the display unit  52 . 
   The database DB 42  is a relational database for storing the setting data of the application program  54   a . The setting data stored in the database DB 42  are read by the CPU  51   a  during the operation of the application program  54   a , and the read data is processed to [setting item], [setting condition], and [setting value] in the same manner as the database DB 22 . The a setting data tree is constructed using the processed data, and the setting content expressed by the data tree is reflected in the operation of the application program  54   a . Since the data tree structure is identical to the structures of the data trees T 1 , T 2 , and T 11  used by the application program  34   a , further description is omitted. 
   The structure of the data processing apparatus  6  is described below.  FIG. 19  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus  6  used for measurement result reference of all hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b . As shown in  FIG. 19 , the data processing apparatus  6  is a computer  6   a  mainly configured by a body  61 , display unit  62 , and input unit  63 . The body  61  is mainly configured by a CPU  61   a , ROM  61   b , RAM  61   c , hard disk  61   d , reading device  61   e , I/O interface  61   f , communication interface  61   g , and image output interface  61   h ; the CPU  61   a , ROM  61   b , RAM  61   c , hard disk  61   d , reading device  61   e , I/O interface  61   f , communication interface  61   g , and image output interface  61   h  are connected by a bus  61   i . Since the structures of the CPU  61   a , ROM  61   b , RAM  61   c , hard disk  61   d , reading device  61   e , I/O interface  61   f , communication interface  61   g , and image output interface  61   h  are identical to the structures of the CPU  31   a , ROM  31   b , RAM  31   c , hard disk  31   d , reading device  31   e , I/O interface  31   f , communication interface  31   g , and image output interface  31   h , further description is omitted. 
   A portable recording medium  64 , which is readable by the reading device  61   e , stores an application program  64   a  that enables a computer to function as a data processing apparatus for a measuring apparatus, such that the computer  6   a  can read the application program  64   a  from the portable recording medium  64 , and install the application program  64   a  on the hard disk  61   d . Similar to the previously described application program  34   a , the application program  64   a  need not be provided by the portable recording medium  64 , inasmuch as the application program  64   a  may be provided over an electrical communication line from an external apparatus connected to the computer  6   a  so as to be capable of communication by means of an electrical communication line (wired or wireless). 
   An operating system that provides a graphical user interface environment, such as Windows (trademark of Microsoft Corporation) or the like, and the application program  64   a  are installed on the hard disk  61   d . In the following description, the application program  64   a  of the first embodiment operates on the aforesaid operating system. 
     FIG. 20  is a schematic view showing the structure of the application program  64   a  for measurement result reference of all hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  of the first embodiment. Similar to the previously described application program  34   a , the application program  64   a  has a tri-layered architecture including a presentation layer  64   b , business logic layer  64   c , and data access layer  64   d . The presentation layer  64   b  is layer equivalent to a user interface part and communication part in the application program  64   a ; a basic display module  35   a  for executing a basic parts display in a window of the application program  64   a , a measurement result display module  35   b  for displaying measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  on the display unit  62 , a measurement result display module  55   b  for displaying measurement results of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  on the display unit  62 , an IP message display module  35   c  for displaying an IP message indicating an abnormal specimen or suspected anomaly of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , calibration curve display module  55   c  for displaying a calibration curve used for calculating the measurement results of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , a quality control chart display module  35   d  for displaying quality control screens of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , a communication module  35   e  for communicating with the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , and communication module  55   e  for communicating with the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  and the like belong to the presentation layer  64   b.    
   The business logic layer  64   c  is a layer equivalent to data processing and operation part in the application program  64   a ; a common logic module  35   f  that is common to all apparatus models and includes a unit conversion module for data unit conversion, and a quality control graph display data preparation module and the like, and a hemocyte analysis logic module  35   g  for executing data processing characteristic of the hemocyte analyzers, and a blood coagulation measurement logic module  55   g  for executing data processing characteristics of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses and the like belong to the business logic layer  64   c.    
   The data access layer  64   d  is a layer equivalent to the data access part in the application program  64   a ; a database access module  35   h  for accessing databases DB 21 , DB 22 , DB 41 , and DB 42  belongs to the data access layer  64   d . The program modules  35   a ,  35   b ,  35   c ,  35   d ,  35   e ,  35   f ,  35   g ,  35   h ,  55   b ,  55   c ,  55   e , and  55   g  are components of the application program, and are included in the execution format file and dynamic link library. Although only the program modules  35   a ,  35   b ,  35   c ,  35   d ,  35   e ,  35   f ,  35   g ,  35   h ,  55   b ,  55   c ,  55   e , and  55   g  are listed as program modules that configure the application program  64   a , only these representative program modules are represented to simplify the description, and other program modules are actually present. 
   The basic display module  35   a , quality control chart display module  35   d , common logic module  35   f , and database access module  35   h  are common modules of the application program of the hemocyte analyzers, whereas the measurement result display module  35   b , IP message display module  35   c , communication module  35   e , and hemocyte analysis logic module  35   g  are common program modules that are characteristic of the application program  34   a  for the hemocyte analyzers. The measurement result display module  55   b , calibration curve display module  55   c , communication module  55   e , and blood coagulation measurement logic module  55   g  are common modules of the application program  54   a  for the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses. 
   Similar to the application programs  34   a  and  54   a , although the common modules may be stored in a single dynamic link library  35   i  or may be divided and stored in a plurality of dynamic link libraries, and the model-dependent modules may be stored in a single dynamic link library or may be divided and stored in a plurality of dynamic link libraries, it is desirable that the common modules and model-dependent modules are stored in separate dynamic link libraries. 
   Databases DB 21 , DB 22 , DB 41 , and DB 42  are installed on the hard disk  61   d . The databases DB 21  and DB 22  installed on the hard disk  61   d  are databases having the same content as the databases DB 21  and DB 22  provided in the previously described processing apparatus  3 , and the databases DB 41  and DB 42  installed on the hard disk  61   d  are databases having the same content as the databases DB 41  and DB 42  provided in the previously described data processing apparatus  5 . The databases DB 21 , DB 22 , DB 41 , and DB 42  are synchronous in real time with the databases DB 21 , DB 22 , DB 41 , and DB 42  provided in the data processing apparatuses  3  and  5  by the function of the application programs  34   a ,  54   a , and  64   a . In this way the data processing of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  can be performed by the data processing apparatus  6  even when a malfunction occurs in the data processing apparatus  3 , and the data processing of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be performed by the data processing apparatus  6  even when a malfunction occurs in the data processing apparatus  5 . 
   The database server  7  is configured by a computer, and a database containing information relating to previously performed testings is provided on a storage device such as a hard disk. The database is a relational database, that mutually associates and stores data such as testing day, specimen number, patient ID, measurement results of hemocyte analyzers, measurement results of blood coagulation measuring apparatuses, patient name, birth date, sex, age, blood type, ward, attending physician, specimen comments, patient comments and the like. The data processing apparatuses  3 ,  5 , and  6  access the database server  7 , and acquire measurement results associated with a specimen number and the like from the database, or record such data to the database. 
   The operation of the analysis system  1  of the first embodiment is described below. In the analysis system  1 , the operation settings and operation start instructions of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  can be performed, and the measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  can be displayed, by a user using the data processing apparatus  3 . Furthermore, the operation settings and operation start instructions of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be performed, and the measurement results of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be displayed, by a user using the data processing apparatus  5 . Moreover, the operation settings and operation start instructions of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be performed, and the measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be displayed, by a user using the data processing apparatus  6 . Although the data processing apparatuses  3 ,  5 , and  6  can be used by any user, user authority may be set, for example, such that the data processing apparatus  3  can be used by operators of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , lab technicians performing hemocyte analysis of blood specimens, and clinical physicians performing testing or confirming test results; the data processing apparatus  5  can be used by operators of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , lab technicians performing coagulation testing of blood specimens, and clinical physicians performing testing or confirming test results; and the data processing apparatus  6  can be used by supervisors (directing clinicians) capable of comparing all data of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b . Furthermore, user authority may be set such that the support technicians of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can use and set all data processing apparatuses  3 ,  5 , and  6 . 
   The operation of the analysis system  1  is described below when the operator user of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  operate the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  using the data processing apparatus  3  to measure specimens.  FIGS. 21-23  are flow charts showing the processing sequence of the application program  34   a  when specimens are measured by operating the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  using the data processing apparatus  3 . First, the operator starts the application program  34   a . The CPU  31   a  of the computer  3   a  displays a logon window on the display unit  32  (step S 1 ). The logon window is provided with input areas for inputting a logon ID and password, and the user moves the cursor to the input areas and inputs her login ID and password (not shown in the drawing). When the logon ID and password are received (step S 2 : YES), the CPU  31   a  accesses a user confirmation database (not shown in the drawing) for the application program  34   a  stored on the hard disk  31   d , and authenticates the user by determining whether or not there is an account recording the logon ID and password, whether or not the account is valid, and whether or not the account expiration time has expired (step S 3 ). When a user verification fails (step S 3 : NO), the CPU  31   a  returns the process to step S 1 . When user verification is successful in step S 3  (step S 3 : YES), the CPU  31   a  displays a start window  81  on the display unit  32  (step S 4 ). The display process of the start window  81  in step S 4  is the main function of the basic display module  35   a.    
     FIG. 24  is a schematic view showing the structure of the start window  81 . As shown in  FIG. 24 , the start window  81  has a title display region  81   a  provided in the uppermost part of the window, a menu bar  81   b  provided below the title display region  81   a , tool bar  81   c  provided below the menu bar  81   b , and window display region  81   d  provided below the tool bar  81   c . The title display region  81   a  displays the device name, display window name, number of stored specimens and the like. The menu bar  81   b  displays menus for [file], [edit], [view], [data operation], [execute], [output], [setting], [window], and [help]. Each of these menus are provided with a submenu, and the pull down submenu is displayed when the mouse pointer is positioned over the menu and the left button of the mouse is clicked (hereinafter referred to as ‘left clicked’). The use of the menus can be limited through the user access restrictions, and restricted menus are displayed in a pale color (gray). Usable menus are displayed in black. 
   The tool bar  81   c  displays a plurality of buttons arranged horizontally. These buttons associate the items selected with relatively highest frequency from among the submenus displayed in the pulldown selection of the menus, such that a submenu can be quickly executed by left clicking the button of the tool bar  81   c.    
   The window display region  81   d  displays a window for various types of operations and processes. As shown in  FIG. 24 , the start window  81  displays a menu window  81   e  in the window display region  81   d . The menu window  81   e  displays a plurality of buttons. These buttons are associated with the submenus that are used with relatively high frequency, and the associated submenu can be executed and the object window opened by left clicking a button. Buttons can be freely added or removed by the user. A tab is provided at the top end of the window displayed in the window display region  81   d . The name of the window is displayed on this tab. When a plurality of windows exist in the window display region  81   d , the active window (window displayed in the foreground) can be changed by selecting the tab. In this way a plurality of processes or operations can be arrayed and executed by displaying a plurality of windows in the window display region  81   d.    
   The data processing apparatus  3  awaits input of a command from a user in this state. The user can execute the various associated processes by left clicking a button in the menu window  81   e , left clicking the button of the tool menu  81   c , or starting the operation of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a . Thus, this process is an event driven process, and although this process is different from processes executed by user command from this state, the operation when the measurement record button  81   f  in the menu window  81   e  is left clicked is described to simplify the description. When the measurement record button  81   f  is left clicked (step S 5 : YES), the CPU  31   a  displays the measurement record window  82  (step S 6 ). 
     FIG. 25  is a schematic view showing the structure of the measurement record window  82 . As shown in  FIG. 25 , the measurement record window  82  has a measurement item group selection box  82   a  provided a the top of the window, a measurement selection item table display region  82   c  for displaying a measurement selection items table  82  described later, measurement item list display region  82   e  for displaying a measurement item list  82   d  described later, specimen information input region  82   f  for inputting specimen information, patient information display region  82   g  for displaying patient information, and button display region  82   o  for displaying a plurality of buttons  82   h ,  82   i ,  82   j ,  82   k ,  82   m ,  82   n  for selecting measurement selection items. 
   The measurement item selection box  82   a  displays a pulldown menu of measurement item groups by left clicking a triangular arrow button displayed at the right end, and a user can select a desired measurement item group from this pulldown menu. The measurement item groups are set beforehand for each measuring apparatus for which the data processing apparatus does data processing; the present description pertains to setting the group referred to as [MCC] as the measurement item group for hemocyte analysis. The user selects [MCC] from among the groups displayed on the pulldown menu of the measurement item group selection box  82   a . The [MCC] also may be set as a default measurement item group from the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , which are the measuring apparatuses of the data processing apparatus  3 . In this case, [MCC] is selected without the user performing an operation. In the flow charts shown in  FIGS. 21-23 , [MCC] is set by the default setting of the measurement item group in order to simplify the description. 
   When MCC is the selected measurement item group, the CPU  31   a  prepares a measurement item table  82   b  and measurement item list  82   d , which are displayed in the measurement item table display region  82   c  and measurement item list display region  82   e  (step S 7 ). As shown in  FIG. 25 , the measurement item table  82   b  has a specimen number field  82   p , rack field  82   q , tube field  82   r , patient ID field  82   s , comment field  82   t , CBC field  82   u , DIFF field  82   v , RET field  82   w , and NRBC field  82   x . The specimen number field displays the specimen number input by the user. The rack field  82   q  and tube field  82   r  display the rack number and tube number input by the user. The patient ID field displays the patient ID corresponding to the specimen number of the same record. The comment field  82   t  displays input comments related to the specimen. The CBC field  82   u  displays either a circle, black circle, or black triangle symbol when the CBC is selected as the measurement item. The circle symbol indicates the measurement item (CBC) is not yet measured, the black circle symbol indicates the measurement item has been measured, and the black triangle symbol indicates the measurement item is currently being measured. CBC is a group of measurement items including white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit value (HCT), mean red cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count (PLT), red cell distribution width (RDW-SD), red cell distribution width RDW-CV), platelet distribution width PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), percentage large platelets (P-LCR), and platelet crit (PCT). The DIFF field  82   v  displays the above symbols when DIFF is selected as the measurement item of a specimen. DIFF is a group of measurement items including the percentage neutrophils (NEUT %), percentage lymphocytes (LYMPH %), percentage monocytes (MONO %), percentage eosinophils (EO %), percentage basophils (BASO %), number of neutrophils (NEUT#), number of lymphocytes (LYMPH#), number of monocytes (MONO#), number of eosinophils (EO#), and number of basophils (BASO#). The RET filed  82   w  displays the above symbols when RET is selected as the measurement item of a specimen. RET is a group of measurement items including percentage of reticulocytes (RET %), number of reticulocytes (RET#), percentage of high fluorescence reticulocytes (HFR), percentage of medium fluorescence reticulocytes (MFR), percentage of low fluorescence reticulocytes (LFR), and index of mature reticulocytes (IRF). The NRBC field  82   x  displays the above symbols when the NRBC is selected as the measurement item. NRBC is a group of measurement items including the percentage of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC %), and number of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC#). In the description using the example of  FIG. 25 , the sample having the sample number [801-05] is selected for measurement items CBC, DIFF, and NRBC, among which CBC and NRBC have already been measured, and DIFF is currently being measured. 
   When a user selects one specimen number from among the records displayed in the measurement item table  82   b , the row of the selected specimen number is displayed in a highlight color than differs from the other rows. Then, the CPU  31   a  displays the measurement item setting condition for the selected specimen number in the measurement item list  82   d . As shown in  FIG. 25 , the measurement items of the hemocyte analyzers are listed in the measurement item list  82   d , and a circle symbol is displayed when the measurement item is set. According to the example of  FIG. 25 , the row of specimen number [801-04] has been selected, and since CBC and NRBC have been set as the measurement items for this specimen, the measurement item list  82   d  shows the following marked with a circle: WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, RDW-SD, RDW-CV, PDW, MPV, P-LCR, PCT, NRBC %, NRBC#. 
   The specimen information input region  82   f  displays input specimen information, and the patient information display region  82   g  displays patient information corresponding to the specimen information. The specimen information input region  82   f  is provided with input boxes for inputting the specimen number, rack, tube, and comments; a user can input specimen information (specimen number, rack, tube, and comments) by moving the cursor to the input box. The results entered in the input boxes are reflected in the measurement item table  82   b , and the data are recorded in the database DB 21 . The patient information display region  82   g  is provided with boxes for displaying patient ID, surname, given name, sex, birth date, medical history, ward, attending physician, and patient comments, and the patient information is displayed in these display boxes. When the user has input the specimen information (step S 8 : YES), the CPU  31   a  sends the specimen information to the database server  7 , and inquires from the database server  7  for any patient information corresponding to this specimen number. The database server  7  searches patient information using the specimen number as a search key, and sends patient information corresponding to this specimen number to the data processing apparatus  3 . Thus, the CPU  31   a  acquires patient information (step S 9 ). According to the example in  FIG. 25 , [801-04] is entered in the specimen number input box, and [comment] is entered in the various comment input boxes. This time the data processing apparatus  3  sends data representing the specimen number [801-04] to the database server  7 , and requests the corresponding patient information. The database server  7  searches for corresponding patient information using the specimen number [801-04] as a search key, and acquires patient information corresponding to the specimen as a result of the search. The database server  7  sends the patient information to the data processing apparatus  3 , and the data processing apparatus  3  displays the patient ID [ABC 12345 ], surname [Sysmex], given name [Taro], sex [male], birth date [1943/01/15], ward [01], attending physician [0839] in the display boxes of the patient information display region  82   g.    
   Buttons  82   h ,  82   i ,  82   j ,  82   k ,  82   m , and  82   n  are provided in a vertical arrangement on the right side of the measurement item list display region  82   e . The button  82   h  is for recording the CBC. And the CBC is recorded as a measurement item for the specimen number entered in the input box of the specimen information input region  82   f  at that time when the user left clicks the button  82   h . Similarly, the buttons  82   i ,  82   j ,  82   k ,  82   m , and  82   n  respectively record the CBC+DIFF, CBC+DIFF+RET, CBC+DIFF+RET+NRBC, RET, and NRBC as measurement items. When specimen information is input and a user left clicks the button  81   i  while the patient information is displayed (step S 10 : YES), the CPU  31   a  adds a new line to the measurement item table  82   b , and the specimen number entered in the input box is displayed in this line of the specimen number field, and a circle is displayed in the CBC field and DIFF field (step S 11 ). In the process of step S 11 , circles are displayed in the measurement item list  82   d  for the WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, RDW-SD, RDW-CV, PDW, MPV, P-LCR, PCT, NEUT %, LYMPH %, MONO %, EO %, BASO %, NEUT#, LYMPH#, MONO#, EO#, and BASO#. The CPU  31   a  accesses the database DB 21  and records the specimen information, patient information, and measurement items (step S 12 ). Thus, measurements can be recorded for a new specimen. 
   When the specimen measurement starts, the operator sets a collection tube containing the specimen in the rack, and places the rack in the transport unit provided at the front of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  ( 2   b ). A barcode label indicating the specimen number is adhered to the collection tube. The collection tube is transported together with the rack to a specimen supply position below the sample supply position (not shown in the drawing) of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  ( 2   b ), and during this transport the barcode is read by a barcode reader provided in the hemocyte analyzer  2   a . The control unit  25  of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  sends the specimen number data indicating the specimen number read from the barcode to the data processing apparatus  3 . When the specimen number data from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  are received (step S 13 : YES), the CPU  31   a  determines whether or not the previously mentioned measurement record data exist for that specimen number (step S 14 ). This process is performed by referencing the database DB 21 , and determining whether or not measurement record data for the specimen number on the barcode exists. When measurement record data for the specimen number exists in the process of step S 14  (step S 14 : YES), the CPU  31   a  reads the measurement items corresponding to the specimen number from the database DB 21  (step S 15 ), and moves the process to step S 18  described later. 
   When measurement records for the specimen number do not exist in step S 14  (step S 14 : NO), the CPU  31   a  sends the specimen number data to the database server  7  to inquire about measurement items for this specimen (step S 16 ). The data flow at this time is shown in  FIG. 26 .  FIG. 26  is a schematic view showing the flow of the data to the measuring apparatus until the measurement order is issued. The reception of the specimen number data from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  is executed by the communication module  35   e . The specimen number data received by the communication module  35   e  is entered in a queue  83   a . The specimen number data acquired from the queue  83   a  are supplied to the program modules (for example, the common logic module  35   f ) of the business logic layer  34   c , and sent from the business logic layer  34   c  to the communication module  35   e . Then, the communication module  35   e  sends the specimen number data to the database server  7 , to inquire for measurement items for this specimen number. 
   The database server  7  searches for measurement items corresponding to the specimen using the specimen number data as a search key. Measurement items resulting from this search are sent to the originally requesting data processing apparatus  3  as measurement item data. when the measurement item data are received (step S 17 : YES), the CPU  31   a  stores the measurement item data in a order management buffer  83   b  provided in RAM  31   c  (step S 18 ). The data flow at this time is shown in  FIG. 26 . The reception of the measurement items from the database server  7  is executed by the communication module  35   e . The measurement item data received by the communication module  35   e  are entered in a queue  83   a . The measurement item data acquired from the queue  83   a  are supplied to the program modules (for example, the common logic module  35   f ) of the business logic layer  34   c . The program modules associate the acquired measurement item data with the specimen number data and store the data in the order management buffer  83   b.    
   Thereafter, when, for example, the arrival of the collection tube containing the specimen to be measured at the specimen supply position in the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  is detected by a sensor not shown in the drawing and the control unit  25  is alerted, the control unit  25  transmits a send data request that request the transmission of the measurement items to the data processing apparatus  3 . The send request data include the specimen number data of the specimen to be measured. When the send request data are received (step S 19 : YES), the CPU  31   a  acquires the measurement item data corresponding to the specimen number data included in the send request data from the order management buffer  83   b  (step S 20 ), and sends the measurement item data to the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  (step S 21 ). The data flow at this time is shown in  FIG. 26 . The reception of the send request data from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  is executed by the communication module  35   e . The send request data received by the communication module  35   e  are entered in a queue  83   a . The send request data acquired from the queue  83   a  are supplied to the program modules (for example, the common logic module  35   f ) of the business logic layer  34   c . The program module reads the measurement item data corresponding to the specimen number data included in the acquired send request data from the order management buffer  83   b , and send the measurement item data to the communication module  35   e . Then, the communication module  35   e  sends the received measurement item data to the hemocyte analyzer  2   a.    
   Thereafter, the control unit  25  of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  suctions the specimen from the collection tube in the sample supply unit. After the suctioning ends, the control unit  25  sends the suction completion notification data to the data processing apparatus  3  that suctioning has been completed. The suction completion notification data include the specimen number of the suction specimen. When the suction completion notification data have been received (step S 22 : YES), the CPU  31   a  acquires the measurement item data corresponding to the specimen number data included in the suction completion notification data from the order management buffer  83   b  (step S 23 ), and associates the data with the specimen number and records the data in the database DB 21 . (step S 24 ). The data flow at this time is shown in  FIG. 26 . The reception of the suction completion notification data from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  is executed by the communication module  35   e . The suction completion notification data received by the communication module  35   e  is entered in a queue  83   a . The suction completion notification data acquired from the queue  83   a  are supplied to the program modules (for example, the common logic module  35   f ) of the business logic layer  34   c . The program module reads the measurement item data corresponding to the specimen number data included in the acquired suction complete notification data from the order management buffer  83   b , and sends the measurement item data and the specimen number data to the database access module  35   h . Then, the database access module  35   h  associates the specimen number and the measurement items and records the data in the database DB 21 . 
   Next, the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  supplies the specimen suction from the collection tube to any unit among the optical detection unit  21 , RBC detection unit  22 , HGB detection unit  23 , and IMI detection unit  24 , and starts the measurement of the measurement items supplied for m the data processing apparatus  3 . After completion of the measurements, the control unit  25  sends the measurement value data to the data processing apparatus  3 . The measurement value data include the specimen number data. When the measurement value data are received (step S 25 : YES), the CPU  31   a  associates the measured value data with the specimen number and records the data in the database DB 21  (step S 26 ). When inputs instructions to display the measurement results (step S 27 : YES), the CPU  31   a  reads the measurement value data from the database DB 21  (step S 28 ), and displays the data in the measurement result display window (step S 29 ). In the first embodiment, the display of the measurement result display window is executed when the user left clicks the sample explorer button  81   h  in the menu window  81   e.    
     FIG. 27  is a schematic view showing the structure of the measurement result display window  84 . As shown in  FIG. 27 , the measurement result display window  84  has a specimen information table display region  84   b  for displaying a specimen information table  84   a  described later, numeric data table display region  84   d  for displaying a numeric data table  83   c  described later, and patient information display region  84   e  for displaying patient information. The patient information display region  84   e  is identical to the patient information display region  82   g  of the previously mentioned measurement record window  82 , and therefore further description is omitted. 
   As described above, when the sample explorer button  81   h  is left clicked, the CPU  31   a  acquires the measurement value data for the specimen and the specimen information for the specimen of previous measurements from the database DB 21 , and prepares a specimen information table  84   a  and numeric data table  84   c  from this information, and displays these tables in the specimen information table display region  84   b  and numeric data table display region  84   d , and further displays the patient information in the patient information display region  84   e  (step S 30 ). as shown in  FIG. 27 , the specimen information table  84   a  has a specimen number field  84   f , measuring apparatus ID field  84   h , measurement time field  84   i , and measurement value fields  84   j ,  84   k ,  84   m ,  84   n ,  84   o ,  84   p ,  84   q , and  84   r . The specimen number field  84   f  displays the specimen numbers of previously measured specimens. The measuring apparatus ID field  84   h  displays the ID of the measuring apparatus that measured the specimen. The measurement time field  84   i  displays the time the specimen was measured. The measurement value fields  84   j ,  84   k ,  84   m ,  84   n ,  84   o ,  84   p ,  84   q , and  84   r  display the measurement value for the specimen. Measurement item tabs  84   s - 84   u  are provided at the bottom of the specimen information table display region  84   b . The CBC tab  83   s , DIFF tab  84   t , and RET tab  84   u  are described below. When the CBC tab  84   s  is selected, the measurement values of WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT are displayed in the measurement value fields  84   j ,  84   k ,  84   m ,  84   n ,  84   o ,  84   p ,  84   q , and  84   r . When the DIFF tab  84   t  is selected, the specimen information table  84   a  is switched and the measurement values of DIFF measurement items are displayed in the measurement value field. When the RET tab  84   u  is selected, the measurement values for the RET measurement items are displayed in the measurement value field. The specimen number field  84   f , measuring apparatus ID field  84   h , and measurement time field  84   i  are displayed when any tab is selected. An NRBC tab may also be provided, and when this tab is selected, the measurement values for NRBC measurement items are displayed. 
   When the user selects the row related to a single specimen number among the records displayed in the specimen information table  84   a , the selected row is displayed highlighted in a different color than the other rows. Then, the CPU  31   a  displays the measurement values for the selected specimen number in the numeric data table  84   c . As shown in  FIG. 27 , the numeric data table  84   c  has hemocyte analysis measurement item field  84   v , numeric data field  84   w , and unit field  84   x . The measurement item field  84   v  displays the name of the measurement item. The numeric data field  84   w  displays the measurement values of the specimen corresponding to the measurement item of that row. The unit field  84   x  displays the units of the measurement values of that row. The user can confirm the measurement results of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  by displaying the results in the measurement results display window  84 . 
   The data flow after the data processing apparatus  3  has received the measurement value data from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  until the data are displayed in the measurement results display window is described below using the drawings.  FIG. 28  is a schematic view showing the data flow after the data processing apparatus  3  has received the measurement value data from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  until the data are displayed in the measurement results display window. The reception of the measurement value data from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  is executed by the communication module  35   e . The measurement value data received by the communication module  35   e  are entered in a queue  83   a . The measurement value data acquired from the queue  83   a  are supplied to the program modules (for example, the common logic module  35   f ) of the business logic layer  34   c , and from the program module to the database access module  35   h . Then, the database access module  35   h  associates the received measurement value data with the corresponding specimen number, and records the data in the database DB 21 . The business logic module notifies the key list manager class  85   a  belonging to the business logic layer  34   c  of the rewritten content of the database DB 21 . The key list manager class  85   a  inquires for the main key of the recorded record to the database access module. The key list manager class  85   a  refers to the active key list management buffer  85   b , and specifies the key list buffer of the changed object. The RAM  31   c  is provided with the previously mentioned active key list management buffer  85   b , and a plurality of key list buffers  85   c - 85   e . The active key list management buffer  85   b  stores information specifying the key list buffer of the processing object, and the key list buffers  85   c - 85   e  store the main keys obtained from the database DB 21 . The key list manager class  85   a  stores the main keys obtained from the database access module  35   h  in the key list buffer specified by the active key list management buffer  85   b , and updates the active key list management buffer  85   b  to set the next key list buffer to active status. Next, when an event is generated to display the measurement result display window, the item class  85   f  belonging to the business logic layer  34   c  references the active key list management buffer  85   b , specifies the key list buffer corresponding to the measurement value to be displayed, and references this key list buffer to acquire the main key. The item class  85   f  inquires for the measurement value using the main key to the data manager class  85   g  belonging to the business logic layer  34   c . The data manager class  85   g  is a class for managing the measurement value data, and acquires the measurement value data from the database DB 21  through the database access module  35   h . The item class  85   f  acquires the measurement value data corresponding to the main key, and passes these data to the unit conversion module belonging to the business logic layer  34   c . The unit conversion module subjects the measurement value data to unit conversion, and supplies the converted measurement value data to the measurement result display module  35   b . Then, the measurement value display window is displayed. 
   When the user inputs specifying the display of detailed information of the measurement results (step S 31 : YES), the CPU  31   a  reads the measurement value data from the database DB 21  (step S 32 ), and displays the data in the measurement result details display window (step S 33 ). In the first embodiment, the measurement result details display window is opened when the user double clicks the specification information table  84   a  within the measurement results display window  84 . The measurement result details display window is also displayed when the user left clicks the data browser button  81   i  in the menu window  81   e.    
     FIG. 29  is a schematic view showing the structure of the measurement result details display window  86 . As shown in  FIG. 29 , the measurement result details display window  86  has an anomaly display region  86   a  for displaying whether or not the measurement result is anomalous, specimen information display region  86   b  for displaying specimen information, and details display region  86   c  for displaying various types of details of the measurement results. The anomaly display region  86   a  is provided at the top left part of the measurement result details display window  86 ; [positive] is displayed when an anomaly is found in a hemocyte measurement value or hemocyte image, and the type of anomaly is display by double clicking [positive]. [Negative] is displayed in the anomaly display region  86   a  when there is no anomaly or measurement error. The specimen information display region  86   b  is provided with display boxes for displaying the specimen number, patient ID, patient name, sex, birth date, ward, attending physician, measurement date, measurement time, and comments, and the specimen information is displayed in these display boxes. 
   The detailed information display region  86   c  displays a window for displaying detailed information related to the types of measurement results.  FIG. 29  shows a hemocyte analysis main window  86   d  displayed in the detailed information display region  86   c . The hemocyte analysis main window  86   d  has numeric data display region  86   e  for displaying numeric data of each measurement item, white cell 5-category display region  86   f  for displaying the numbers and percentages of the five categories of white cells, and flag display region  86   g  for displaying IP messages indicating a suspected specimen anomaly for each type of measurement item. 
   The numeric data display region  86   e  displays numeric data table  86   h  that shows the numeric data and units for each measurement item. The numeric data table  86   h  has measurement item, numeric data and unit fields, and displays numeric data for each measurement item in table format. The numeric data table  86   h  displays an SD bar representing a graphical table of the dislocation from the normal range of measurement values for each measurement item, and the user can easily confirm the extent of such variation of the measurement values from the normal range by this means. 
   The white cell 5-categories display region  86   f  displays a white cell count data table  86   i  for displaying the numeric data and units of the number of white cells for each measurement item, and a white cell percentage data table  86   j  for displaying numeric data and units of the percentage numbers of white cells for each measurement item. The white cell numeric data table  86   h  has measurement item, numeric data and unit fields, and displays measurement items, that is, NEUT#, LYMPH#, MONO#, EO#, and BASO# for each measurement item related to the number of white cells in table format. The white cell numeric data table  86   i  displays an SD bar representing a graphical table of the dislocation from the normal range of measurement values for each measurement item. The white cell percentage data table  86   j  has measurement item, numeric data and unit fields, and displays numeric data for measurement items, that is, NEUT %, LYMPH %, MONO %, EO %, and BASO % for each measurement item related to the percentages of white cells in table format. 
   The flag display region  86   g  displays a first IP message display box  86   k  for displaying a IP message related to WBC, a second IP message display box  86   m  for displaying a IP message related to RBC and RET, and a third IP message display box  86   n  for displaying a IP message related to PLT. IP messages include abnormal IP messages indicating an clear anomaly in the specimen, and suspect IP messages indicating a suspected anomaly of the specimen; and IP messages of the corresponding measurement items are listed in the first IP message display box  86   k , second IP message display box  86   m , and third IP message display box  86   n.    
   As described above, when data in the specimen information table  84   a  is double clicked, or when the data browser button  81   i  is left clicked, the CPU  31   a  acquires the specimen information related to the previously measured specimen and measurement value data related to the same specimen from the database DB 21 , and prepares numeric data table  86   h , white cell count data table  86   i , and white cell percentage data table  86   j  from this information, and displays the respective data in the numeric data display region  86   e  and white cell 5-category display region  86   f , and further displays specimen information in the specimen information display region  86   b , and IP messages in the flag display region  86   g  (step S 34 ). Then, when end instruction input is received from the user, the CPU  31   a  ends the process. In addition to the hemocyte analysis main window  86   d , a graph window for graphically displaying measurement results, WBC window for displaying details of the white cells, RBC window for displaying details of the red cells may be opened in the detailed information display region  86   c . These windows can be displayed by switching among the windows using the tabs provides at the top of the detailed information display region  86   c . For example, when [Main (MCC)] tab is left clicked, the hemocyte analysis main window is displayed, when the [Graph (MCC)] tab is left clicked, the graph window is displayed. 
   The operation of the analysis system  1  is described below when the operator users operate the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  to measure specimens using the data processing apparatus  5 . First, the operator starts the application program  54   a . In this case, similar to the application program  34   a , the CPU  51   a  of the computer  5   a  displays a logon window on the display unit  52 , and the user verification is performed when the logon ID and password input are received. When user verification is successful, the start window is displayed on the display unit  52 . The display process of the start window is the main function of the basic display module  35   a.    
   The structure of the start window is identical to the start window  81  of the application program  34   a  used by the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  shown in  FIG. 24 . This window is used to display the start window by the basic display module  35   a  jointly used by the application program  34   a . Since the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are measuring devices, the process content of the application programs  34   a  and  54   a  used to display measuring results and the like have many aspects in common. Therefore, parts of the structures of the application programs may be reasonably used jointly, thereby reducing the number of development processes of the application programs  34   a  and  54   a . Furthermore, the burden on the user of having different user interfaces for each application program, for example, the work of learning to operate each application program, can be reduced by having a unified user interface, and the additional application program  54   a  can be operated with a certain degree of expertise if the operation of the application program  34   a  is learned, thereby improving the convenience of easily learning the additional operation. 
   When the user left clicks the measurement record button in the main menu of the start window, the CPU  51   a  displays the measurement record window  182 .  FIG. 30  is a schematic view showing the structure of the measurement record window  182 . As shown in  FIG. 30 , the measurement record window  182  has a measurement item group selection box  182   a  provided a the top of the window, rack number selection box  182   j  for selecting a rack number, measurement selection item table display region  182   c  for displaying a measurement selection items table  182   b  described later, measurement item list display region  182   e  for displaying a measurement item list  182   d  described later, specimen information input region  182   f  for inputting specimen information, patient information display region  182   g  for displaying patient information, and button display region  182   o  for displaying a plurality of buttons  182   h  and  182   i  for selecting measurement selection items. In this way the structure of the measurement record window  182  is similar to the structure of the measurement record window  82  of the application program  34   a . Since the structures of the measurement item group selection box  182   a , specimen information input region  182   f , and patient information display region  182   g  are identical to the structures of the measurement item group selection box  82   a , specimen information input region  82   f , and patient information display region  182   g , further description is omitted. 
   The case wherein the measurement item group [CA_coagulation method] is set in relation to the blood coagulation measurement is described below as the measurement item group. The CA_coagulation method is a group of measurement items for measurement by a biological activity method, that is, prothrombin time (PT), active part thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fbg) and the like. The user selects [CA_coagulation method] from among the groups displayed on the pulldown menu of the measurement item group selection box  182   a . When the [CA_coagulation method] is set as the default, the user can omit the input operation. Thus, when the [CA_coagulation method] is selected, the CPU  51   a  prepares a measurement item table  182   b  and measurement item list  182   d , which are respectively displayed in the measurement item table display region  182   c  and measurement item list display region  182   e.    
   As shown in  FIG. 30 , the measurement item table  182   b  has a tube field  182   p , specimen number field  182   q , measurement assignment field  182   s , PT field  182   t , APTT field  182   u , Fbg field  182   v , patient ID field  182   w , and specimen comment field  182   x . The tube field  182   p  displays the tube number. The specimen number field  182   q  displays the specimen number entered in the specimen information input region  182   f . When PT is recorded as the measurement item, the PT field  182   t  displays a circle, black circle, or black triangle symbol for the object specimen. The meaning of the symbols is identical to the symbols in the previously described application program  34   a , and therefore further description is omitted. When APTT is recorded as the measurement item, the APTT field  182   u  displays one of the symbols for the object specimen. When Fbg is recorded as the measurement item, the Fbg field  182   v  displays one of the symbols for the object specimen. In the example of  FIG. 30 , the specimen number [ 123 ] disposed at rack number [ 3 ], tube number [ 2 ], has the measurement items PT and Fbg recorded, and neither measurement has been performed. 
   When a user selects one specimen number from among the records displayed in the measurement item table  182   b , the row of the selected specimen number is displayed in a highlight color than differs from the other rows. Then, the CPU  51   a  displays the measurement item setting condition for the selected specimen number in the measurement item list  182   d . As shown in  FIG. 30 , when the measurement item list  182   d  displays a list of the measurement items in the biological activity method and the measurement objects are set for these measurement items, a circle is displayed. In the example of  FIG. 30 , since the row of specimen number [ 123 ] is selected, and PT and Fbg are selected as measurement items for this specimen, circles are displayed relative to PT and Fbg in the measurement item list  182   d.    
   Buttons  182   h  and  182   i  are vertically arranged to the right of the measurement item list display region  182   e . The button  182   h  is used to record PT+APTT+Fbg and PT, APTT, and Fbg are recorded as measurement items for the specimen number entered in the input box of the specimen information input region  182   f  at that time when the user left clicks the button  182   h . Similarly, the button  182   i  is used to record PT+APTT as the measurement items. 
   When the specimen information is input by the user, the CPU  51   a  sends the specimen number to the database server  7 , and inquires for patient information corresponding to the specimen number from the database server  7 . The database server  7  searches patient information using the specimen number as a search key, and sends patient information corresponding to this specimen number to the data processing apparatus  3 . Thus, the CPU  51   a  acquires patient information. In the example of  FIG. 30 , [ 123 ] is entered in the specimen number input box, and [ 3 ] is entered in the rack input box. This time the data processing apparatus  3  sends data representing the specimen number [ 123 ] to the database server  7 , and requests the corresponding patient information. The database server  7  searches for corresponding patient information using the specimen number [ 123 ] as a search key, and acquires patient information corresponding to the specimen as a result of the search. The database server  7  sends the patient information to the data processing apparatus  3 , and the data processing apparatus  3  displays the patient ID [ABC 12345 ], surname [Sysmex], given name [Taro], sex [male], birth date [1943/01/15], ward [01], attending physician [0839] in the display boxes of the patient information display region  182   g.    
   The user also may specify the rack number using the rack number selection box  182   j  rather than entering the rack number in the rack number input box as described above. In this case, the user displays the pulldown menu of the rack number selection box  182   j , and selects a desired rack number from among the list. 
   When the user left clicks the button  182   i  after the specimen number is input, the specimen number in the input box is displayed in the specimen number field corresponding to the input rack number and tube number, and circles are displayed in the PT field and APTT field. In this case, a circle is displayed relative to PT and APTT in the measurement item list  182   d . The CPU  51   a  accesses the database server  7 , and records the information. Thus, measurements can be recorded for a new specimen. 
   When the specimen measurement starts, the operator sets a collection tube containing the specimen in the rack, and places the rack in the transport unit provided at the front of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  ( 4   b ). A barcode label indicating the rack number specifying the rack is adhered to the rack, a barcode label indicating the tube number specifying the tube is adhered to the tube, and a barcode label indicating the specimen number of the specimen contained in the tube is also adhered to the tube. The collection tube is transported by the rack to the specimen supply position below the sample supply unit (not shown in the drawing) of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  ( 4   b ), and during the transport the barcodes are read by a barcode reader provided in the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a . the control unit  42  of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  sends data indicating the rack number, tube number, and specimen number read by the barcode reader to the data processing apparatus  5 . When the data are received from the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a , the CPU  51   a  determines whether or not measurement record data exist for the rack number, tube number, and specimen number. This process is performed by referencing the database server  7  to determine whether or not records exist for the rack number, tube number, and specimen number. When measurement record data exist for the rack number, tube number, and specimen number, the CPU  51   a  reads the corresponding measurement items from the database server  7 . 
   When measurement record data do not exist for the rack number, tube number, and specimen number, the CPU  51   a  sends the specimen number data to the database server  7  and inquires about measurement items for this specimen. The database server  7  searches for measurement items corresponding to the specimen using the specimen number data as a search key. Measurement items resulting from this search are sent to the originally requesting data processing apparatus  5  as measurement item data. When the measurement item data are received, the CPU  51   a  stores the data in an order management buffer provided in the RAM  51   c.    
   Thereafter, when, for example, the arrival of the collection tube containing the specimen to be measured at the specimen supply position in the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  is detected by a sensor not shown in the drawing and the control unit  42  is alerted, the control unit  42  transmits a send data request that requests the transmission of the measurement items to the data processing apparatus  5 . The send request data include the specimen number data of the specimen to be measured. When the send data request is received, the CPU  51   a  acquires the measurement item data corresponding to the specimen number data included in the send data request from the order management buffer, and sends the measurement item data to the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a . The flow of the data in this case is identical to the flow of the data in the data processing apparatus  3  described in  FIG. 26 , and further description is therefore omitted. 
   Thereafter, the control unit  42  of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  suctions the specimen from the collection tube in the sample supply unit. After the suctioning ends, the control unit  42  sends the suction completion notification data to the data processing apparatus  5  as notification that suctioning has been completed. The suction completion notification data include the specimen number of the suction specimen. When the suction completion notification data are received, the CPU  51   a  acquires the measurement item data corresponding to the specimen number data included in the suction completion notification data from the order management buffer, and associates the data with the specimen number and sends the information to the database DB 41 . 
   Then, the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  supplies the specimen suctioned from the collection tube and starts the measurements according to the measurement items received from the data processing apparatus  5 . After completion of the measurements, the control unit  42  sends the measurement value data to the data processing apparatus  5 . The measurement value data include the specimen number data. When the measurement value data are received, the CPU  51   a  associates the data with the specimen number and records the data in the database DB 41 . When the user inputs instructions to display the measurement results, the CPU  511   a  reads the measurement value data from the database DB 41 , and displays the data in the measurement result display window. In the present embodiment, the measurement result display window is displayed when the user left clicks the sample explorer button in the menu window in the same manner as for the data processing apparatus  3 . 
     FIG. 27  is a schematic view showing the structure of the measurement result display window  184 . As shown in  FIG. 31 , the measurement result display window  184  has a specimen information table display region  184   b  for displaying a specimen information table  184   a , numeric data table display region  184   d  for displaying a numeric data table  183   c  described later, and patient information display region  184   e  for displaying patient information. The patient information display region  184   e  is identical to the patient information display region  84   e  of the measurement result display window shown in  FIG. 27 , and therefore further description is omitted. 
   As described above, when the sample explorer button is left clicked, the CPU  51   a  acquires the measurement value data for the specimen and the specimen information for the specimen of previous measurements from the database DB 41 , and prepares a specimen information table  184   a  and numeric data table  184   c  from this information, and displays these tables in the specimen information table display region  184   b  and numeric data table display region  184   d , and further displays the patient information in the patient information display region  184   e . As shown in  FIG. 31 , the specimen information table  184   a  has a specimen number field  184   f , measuring apparatus ID field  184   h , measurement time field  184   i , and measurement value fields  184   j ,  184   k ,  184   m ,  184   n ,  184   o ,  184   p ,  184   q , and  184   r . The specimen number field  184   f  displays the specimen numbers of previously measured specimens. The measuring apparatus ID field  184   h  displays the ID of the measuring apparatus that measured the specimen. The measurement time field  184   i  displays the time the specimen was measured. the measurement values of the specimen are displayed in the measurement value fields  184   j ,  184   k ,  184   m ,  184   n ,  184   o ,  184   p ,  184   q , and  184   r . A measurement item tab  184   s  is provided at the bottom of the specimen information table display region  184   b . Only the case in which the CA tab  184   s  is provided is described below. That is, in the first embodiment, the CA tab  184   s  is normally selected, and only the specimen information table  184   a  related to the measurement items of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses can be displayed. Measurement values PT_% (prothrombin active percent), PT_R (prothrombin ratio), PT_INR (prothrombin INR (international standard ratio)), APTT, Fbg, Fbg_C (fibrinogen concentration), AT3_dOD (antithrombin III optical density change rate), AT3_% (antithrombin III active percent), APL_dOD (antiplasmin optical density change rate) and the like are displayed in the measurement value fields  184   j ,  184   k ,  184   m ,  184   n ,  184   o ,  184   p ,  184   q , and  184   r  of the specimen information table  184   a . The specimen number field  184   f , measuring apparatus ID field  184   h , and measurement time field  184   i  are displayed when any tab is selected. 
   When the user selects the row related to a single specimen number among the records displayed in the specimen information table  184   a , the selected row is displayed highlighted in a different color than the other rows. Then, the CPU  51   a  displays the measurement values for the selected specimen number in the numeric value data table  184   c . As shown in  FIG. 31 , the numeric value data table  184   c  has a measurement item field  184   v , numeric value data field  184   w , and unit field  184   x  in the blood coagulation measurement. The measurement item field  184   v  displays the name of the measurement item. The numeric data field  184   w  displays the measurement values of the specimen corresponding to the measurement item of that row. The unit field  184   x  displays the units of the measurement values of that row. The user can confirm the measurement results of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  by the display in the measurement result display window. Furthermore, the data flow from the reception of the measurement value data from the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  to the display of the measurement result display window by the data processing apparatus  5  is identical to the data flow of the data processing apparatus  3  described using  FIG. 28 , and therefore further description is omitted. 
   In this way the measurement result display window  184  is configured the same as the measurement result display window  84  in the previously described application program  34   a . Similar to the previously described start window, this allows the measurement result display window  184  to be displayed by the basic display module  35   a  used jointly with the application program  34   a . Furthermore, user convenience is improved by the unified user interface. Moreover, the unified user interface can be expected to improve the design and development efficiency of the application programs  34   a  and  54   a  since the user interface is realized by common modules. 
   When the user inputs instructions to display the details of the measurement results, the CPU  51   a  reads the measurement value data from the database DB 41 , and displays the data in the measurement result detail display window. In the first embodiment, the measurement result detail display window opens when the user double clicks the specimen information table  184   a  in the measurement result display window  184 , and details of the double-clicked data are displayed in the measurement result detail display window, similar to the display of the measurement result detail display window in the previously described application program  34   a . The measurement result details display window is also displayed when the user left clicks the data browser button in the menu window. 
     FIG. 32  is a schematic view showing the structure of the measurement result detail display window  186 . As shown in  FIG. 32 , the measurement result detail display window  186  has an anomaly display region  186   a  for displaying whether or not the measurement result is anomalous, specimen information display region  186   b  for displaying specimen information, and detailed information display region  186   c  for displaying various types of details of the measurement results. Similar to the measurement result detail display window  86  shown in  FIG. 29 , the anomaly display region  186   a  is provided at the top left of the measurement result detail display window  186 ; [positive] is displayed when an anomaly is found in a measurement result, and the type of anomaly is display by double clicking [positive]. [Negative] is displayed in the anomaly display region  186   a  when there is no anomaly or measurement error. Furthermore, since the specimen information display region  186   b  is identical to the specimen information display region  86   b  of the measurement result detail display window  86  shown in  FIG. 29 , further description is omitted. 
   The detailed information display region  186   c  displays a window for displaying detailed information related to the types of measurement results.  FIG. 32  illustrates when the blood coagulation measurement main window  186   d  is displayed in the detailed information display region  186   c . The coagulation measurement main window  186   d  has a numeric data display region  186   e  for displaying numeric data of each measurement item, and a graph display region  186   f  for graphic displays of coagulation curves of each measurement item. 
   The numeric data display region  186   e  displays numeric data table  186   h  that shows the numeric data and units for each measurement item. The numeric data table  186   h  has measurement item, numeric data, and unit fields, and displays the numeric data of each measurement item in table format similar to the numeric data table  86   h  in the measurement result detail display window  86  shown in  FIG. 29 . The numeric data table  186   h  displays an SD bar representing a graphical table of the dislocation from the normal range of measurement values for each measurement item, and the user can easily confirm the extent of such variation of the measurement values from the normal range by this means. 
   The graph display region  186   f  displays coagulation curve graphs, measurement value data, and calculated numeric data for each measurement item.  FIG. 32  shows six measurement items PT, APTT, Fbg, AT3, APL, and Plg as measurement objects. The graph display region  186   h  has display regions  186   i ,  186   j ,  186   k ,  186   m ,  186   n ,  186   o  arranged in a matrix for each measurement item, and coagulation curve graphs, measurement value data, and calculated numeric data for each measurement item are displayed in the respective display regions  186   i ,  186   j ,  186   k ,  186   m ,  186   n ,  186   o . The coagulation curve graph has the scattered light intensity plotted on the vertical axis, and the time plotted on the horizontal axis. Below the coagulation curve graph are displayed the coagulation time or dOD (percentage change in optical density) for each item. Below the coagulation time (dOD) are displayed numeric data of the calculation items. Since measurement data are present in the measurement items PT, APTT, and Fbg in  FIG. 32 , coagulation curve graphs are displayed in the display regions  186   i ,  186   j ,  186   k  for these measurement items, but the display regions  186   m ,  186   n ,  186   o  are blank for the measurement items AT3, APL, Plg since there are no measurement data for these items. 
   In addition to the coagulation measurement main window  186   d , the measurement item detail windows for each measurement item and the like may be opened in the detailed information display region  186   c . These windows can be displayed by switching among the windows using the tabs provides at the top of the detailed information display region  186   c . For example, when [Main (CA)] tab is left clicked, the coagulation measurement main window  186   d  is displayed, when the [Detail] tab is left clicked, the measurement item detail window is displayed. 
   In this way the measurement result detail display window  186  of the data processing apparatus  5  has different display content in the detail display region  186   c  relative to the measurement result detail display window  86  of the data processing apparatus  3 , although the structure of the other windows (for example, the arrangement of the anomaly display region  186   a , specimen information display region  186   b , and detailed information display region  186   c ) are identical. As described above, the content displayed in the detailed information display region  186   c  is characteristics of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus, and the display content of the detailed information display region  186   c  cannot be in common with the measurement result detail display window  86 . Conversely, the parts other than the detailed information display region  186   c  that is, the content of the anomaly display region  186   a  and specimen information display region  186   b  match the content of the hemocyte analyzer. The measurement result detail display windows  86  and  186  display much common information, such that the window structure of the measurement result detail display window  186  can be common to many parts of the measurement result detail display region  86 . Regarding the content displayed in the detailed information display region  186   c , the structures of those parts having matching display content with the numeric data table  186   h  and detailed information display region  86   c  may be used jointly in common. A user is provided with common operation characteristics by unifying the user interfaces of the data processing apparatuses  3  and  5 , thus reducing as much as possible the operation sequences the user must learn for each data processing apparatus and improving user convenience. Moreover, the unified user interface can be expected to improve the design and development efficiency of the application programs  34   a  and  54   a  since the user interface is realized by common modules. 
   The operation of the analysis system  1  is described below when a manager user (chief clinician or the like) who is allowed to reference all data of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  confirms the measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  using the data processing apparatus  6 . First, the user starts the application program  64   a . In this case, similar to the application program  34   a , the CPU  61   a  of the computer  6   a  displays a logon window on the display unit  62 , and the user verification is performed when the logon ID and password input are received. When user verification is successful, the start window is displayed on the display unit  62 . The display process of the start window is the main function of the basic display module  35   a.    
   The structure of the start window is identical to the structure of the start window  81  of the application program  34   a  used by the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  shown in  FIG. 24 , and the structure of the start window of the application program  54   a  used by the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b . This window is used to display the start window by the basic display module  35   a  jointly used by the application programs  34   a  and  54   a . The number of development processes of the application programs  34   a ,  54   a , and  64   a  can be reduced by making parts of the structures of the application programs common to all. Furthermore, the burden on the user of having different user interfaces for each application program can be reduced by having a unified user interface, thereby improving the user convenience. 
   When the user left clicks the measurement record button in the main menu of the start window, the CPU  61   a  displays the measurement record window  282  (refer to  FIG. 25 ). The measurement record window  282  has a measurement item group selection box  282   a  provided a the top of the window, a measurement item table display region  282   c  for displaying a measurement item table  282 , measurement item list display region  282   e  for displaying a measurement item list  282   d , specimen information input region  282   f  for inputting specimen information, patient information display region  282   g  for displaying patient information, and button display region  82   o  for displaying a plurality of buttons  282   h ,  282   i ,  282   j ,  282   k ,  282   m ,  282   n ,  282   o  for selecting measurement selection items. In this way the structure of the measurement record window  282  is similar to the structure of the measurement record window  82  of the application program  34   a . Therefore, further description of the structure of the measurement record window  282  is omitted. 
   The data processing apparatus  6  is capable of performing operation settings for all hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b . Accordingly, in the data processing apparatus  6 , the previously mentioned measurement items groups [MCC] and [CA_coagulation method] are set. The user can select a desired measurement item group from the measurement item group selection box  282   a . When [MCC] is selected, the CPU  61   a  accesses the database DB 21  on the hard disk  61   d , and displays the measurement record window  282  which is similar to the measurement record window  82  of the data processing apparatus  3  shown in  FIG. 25 . When [CA_coagulation method] is selected, the CPU  61   a  accesses the database DB 41  on the hard disk  61   d , and displays the measurement record window which is similar to the measurement record window  182  shown in  FIG. 30 . The processes of the CPU  61   a  and the usage methods of the measurement record window  282  are identical to the processes of the CPUs  31   a  and  51   a  and the usage methods of the measurement record windows  812  and  182  of the data processing apparatuses  3  and  5 . 
   When the specimen hemocyte analysis starts, the user sets a collection tube containing the specimen in the rack, and places the rack in the transport unit provided at the front of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  ( 2   b ). The collection tubes are transported in each rack by the transport unit, and the barcode (specimen number) is read during transit by a barcode reader, and the specimen number data are sent to the data processing apparatus  6 . The CPU  61   a  acquires the measurement items corresponding to the specimen number from database DB 21  or the database server  7 , and stores the measurement item data in the order management buffer provided in the RAM  61   c , similar to the process in the previously described data processing apparatus  3 . Thereafter, when a send data request that requests the transmission of measurement items is received from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a , the data processing apparatus  6  acquires the measurement item data corresponding to the specimen number data included in the send data request from the order management buffer, and sends the measurement item data to the hemocyte analyzer  2   a.    
   Thereafter, when the suctioning of the specimen from the collection tube ends in the hemocyte analyzer  2   a , a suction completion notification indicating the completion of the suction operation is from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  to the data processing apparatus  6 . The data processing apparatus  6  acquires the measurement items corresponding to the specimen number data included in the suction completion notification from the order management buffer, and associates the data with the specimen number and stores the data in the database DB 21 . 
   Next, the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  supplies the specimen suctioned from the collection tube to any among the optical detection unit  21 , RBC detection unit  22 , HGB detection unit  23 , and IMI detection unit  24 , and starts the measurement of those measurement items received from the data processing apparatus  6 . After the measurements are completed, the measurement value data are sent from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  to the data processing apparatus  6 . When the measurement value data are received, the CPU  61   a  associates the data with the specimen number and records the data in the database DB 21 . 
   Conversely, when coagulation measurement of a sample starts, the user sets the collection tube containing the specimen in a rack, and places the rack in the transport unit provided in the front part of the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  ( 4   b ). The collection tubes are transported in each rack by the transport unit, and the barcode data are read during transit by a barcode reader, and the specimen number data are sent to the data processing apparatus  6 . The CPU  61   a  acquires measurement items corresponding to the specimen number from the database DB 41  or database server  7 , and stores the measurement item data in the order management buffer provided in the RAM  61   c . Thereafter, when a send data request that requests the transmission of measurement items is received from the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a , the data processing apparatus  6  acquires the measurement item data corresponding to the specimen number data included in the send data request from the order management buffer, and sends the measurement item data to the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a . The flow of the data in this case is identical to the flow of the data in the data processing apparatus  3  described in  FIG. 26 , and further description is therefore omitted. 
   Thereafter, when the suctioning of the specimen from the collection tube ends in the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a , a suction completion notification indicating the completion of the suction operation is from the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  to the data processing apparatus  6 . The data processing apparatus  6  acquires the measurement items corresponding to the specimen number data included in the suction completion notification from the order management buffer, and associates the data with the specimen number and stores the data in the database DB 41 . 
   Then, the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  supplies the specimen suctioned from the collection tube to the measurement unit  41 , and starts the measurements according to the measurement items received from the data processing apparatus  6 . After the measurements are completed, the measurement value data are sent from the blood coagulation measuring apparatus  4   a  to the data processing apparatus  6 . When the measurement value data are received, the CPU  61   a  associates the data with the specimen number and records the data in the database DB 41 . Since the data flow of hemocyte analysis and blood coagulation measurements of a sample using the data processing apparatus  6  described above are identical to the data flow when using the data processing apparatus  3  described using  FIG. 26 , further description is omitted. 
   In this way measurement items can be provided for both the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  using the data processing apparatus  6 , and the measurement data of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are received by the data processing apparatus  6 , and the measurement values are recorded in the databases DB 21  and DB 41  provided in the data processing apparatus  6 . Accordingly, even when one or another of the data processing apparatuses  3  and  5  is impaired and cannot be used, measurements by the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can still be performed using the data processing apparatus  6 . 
   When the user inputs instructions to display the measurement results, the CPU  61   a  reads the measurement value data from the databases DB 21  and DB 41 , and displays the data in the measurement result display window. In the first embodiment, the display of the measurement result display window is executed when the user left clicks the sample explorer button in the menu window. 
     FIG. 33  is a schematic view showing the structure of the measurement result display window  284 . As shown in  FIG. 33 , the measurement result display window  284  has a specimen information table display region  284   b  for displaying a specimen information table  284   a , numeric data table display region  284   d  for displaying a numeric data table  283   c , and patient information display region  284   e  for displaying patient information. The patient information display region  284   e  is identical to the patient information display region  84   e  of the measurement result display window  84  shown in  FIG. 27 , and therefore further description is omitted. 
   As described above, when the sample explorer button is left clicked, the CPU  61   a  acquires the measurement value data for the specimen and the specimen information for the specimen of previous measurements from the databases DB 21  and DB 41 , and prepares a specimen information table  284   a  and numeric data table  284   c  from this information, and displays these tables in the specimen information table display region  284   b  and numeric data table display region  284   d , and further displays the patient information in the patient information display region  284   e . As shown in  FIG. 33 , the specimen information table  284   a  has a specimen number field  284   f , measuring apparatus ID field  284   h , measurement time field  284   i , and measurement value fields  284   j ,  284   k ,  284   m ,  84   n ,  284   o ,  284   p ,  284   q , and  284   r . Since the fields  284   f - 284   r  of the specimen information table  284   a  are identical to the fields  84   f - 84   r  of the specimen information table  84   a  included in the measurement result display window  84  in the data processing apparatus  3  further description is omitted. measurement item switching tabs  284   s ,  284   t ,  284   u , and  284   y  are provided at the bottom of the specimen information table display region  284   b . The case in which these tabs include CBC tab  284   s , DIFF tab  284   t , RET tab  284   u , and CA tab  284   y  is described below. When the CBC tab  284   s  is selected, the measurement values of WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and PLT are displayed in the measurement value fields  284   j ,  284   k ,  284   m ,  284   m ,  284   n ,  284   o ,  284   p ,  284   q , and  284   r . When the DIFF tab  284   t  is selected, the specimen information table  284   a  is switched and the measurement values of DIFF measurement items are displayed in the measurement value fields. When the RET tab  284   u  is selected, the measurement values for the RET measurement items are displayed in the measurement value field, and when the CA tab  284   y  is selected, the measurement values for blood coagulation measurement items are displayed in the measurement value field. Thus, the CBC tab  284   s , DIFF tab  284   t , and RET tab  284   u  for displaying measurement values of measurement items of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , and the CA tab  284   y  for displaying measurement values of the measurement items of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are provided in the measurement result display window  284  of the data processing apparatus  6 , such that the measurement results of both the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be displayed by switching these tabs. The specimen number field  284   f , measuring apparatus ID field  284   h , and measurement time field  284   i  are displayed when any tab is selected. An NRBC tab may also be provided, and when this tab is selected, the measurement values for NRBC measurement items are displayed. 
   The measurement results read from the database DB 21  (that is, measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b ), and the measurement results read from the database DB 41  (that is, the measurement results of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b ) can be mixed and displayed in the specimen information table  284   a . In this case, when a tab for displaying the measurement values of the measurement items of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  (for example, CBC tab  284   s ) is selected, the mass of measurement items in the rows for measurement results of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are blank since there are no measurement values for measurement items of the hemocyte analyzers in the data of measurement results for the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b.    
   When the user selects the row related to a single specimen number among the records displayed in the specimen information table  284   a , the selected row is displayed highlighted in a different color than the other rows. Then, the CPU  61   a  displays the measurement values for the selected specimen number in the numeric value data table  284   c . As shown in  FIG. 33 , the numeric data table  284   c  is provided with a measurement item field  284   v , numeric data field  284   w , and unit field  284   x . When the measurement result row of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  4   a  are selected in the specimen information table  284   a , the names of the measurement items of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  4   a  are displayed in the measurement item field  284   v  of the numeric data table  284   c . The numeric data field  284   w  displays the measurement values of the specimen corresponding to the measurement item of that row. The unit field  284   x  displays the units of the measurement values of that row. When the measurement results of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are selected in the specimen information table  284   a , the display of the numeric data table  284   c  is switched, and the names of the measurement items of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are displayed in the measurement item field  284   v , the measurement values of the specimen corresponding to the measurement items of this row are displayed in the numeric data field  284   w , and the units of the measurement values of that row are displayed in the unit field  284   x . The user can confirm the measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  by displaying the results in the measurement results display window  284 . Furthermore, the data flow from the reception of the measurement data from the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  until the measurement result display window is displayed by the data processing apparatus  6  is identical to the data flow of the data processing apparatus  3  previously described using  FIG. 28 , and therefore further description is omitted. 
   In this way the measurement result display window  284  is configured the same as the measurement result display windows  84  and  184  in the previously described application programs  34   a  and  54   a . Similar to the previously described start window, this allows the measurement result display window  284  to be displayed by the basic display module  35   a  used jointly with the application programs  34   a  and  54   a . Furthermore, user convenience is improved by the unified user interface. Moreover, the unified user interface can be expected to improve the design and development efficiency of the application programs  34   a ,  54   a  and  64   a  since the common user interface is realized by common modules. 
   Using the data processing apparatus  6 , the user selectively switches among the measurement results and analysis results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , and the measurement results and analysis results of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and validates the analysis results by confirming the measurement results of different types displayed on the screen. Analysis result validation is executed when the user operates the input unit  33  and selects the validate menu not shown in the drawings while the analysis results of the object to be validated are selected. Analysis result validation may be executed by the data processing apparatuses  3  and  5  as well as the data processing apparatus  6 . Therefore, since measurement results and analysis results of the measurement item groups can be confirmed simply by selecting the tab of the measurement item group using the data processing apparatus  6 , different types of measurement results can be easily referenced and not only the measurement results obtained by the same measuring apparatus as performed the analysis results being validated, but also the measurement results obtained by different types of measuring apparatuses can be used as judging criteria for validating analysis results, thereby improving the validity of result validation. 
   Quality control of different types of measuring apparatuses  2   a  ( 2   b ) and  4   a  ( 4   b ) can be easily performed by a single data processing apparatus  6  by executing measurements using the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  using well known control materials that produce normal measurement results and analysis results, displaying these measurement results and analysis results and comparing normal measurement results and analysis results using the data processing apparatus  6 . Since a conventional dedicated data processing apparatus can only perform quality control for a single type of measuring apparatus, a user must perform quality control of various measuring apparatuses by moving among each dedicated data processing apparatus to perform quality control of a plurality of types of measuring apparatuses, such that the present invention reduces much complex labor and greatly improves user convenience. 
   Since the measurement results and analysis results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation analyzers  4   a  and  4   b  can be selectively switched and displayed according to the specimen number, the user can easily confirm various measurement results and analysis results for the same specimens, which is extremely convenient. Although the validated analysis results are sent to and stored on the database server  7 , the user can obtain more detailed analysis result information than is included in the measurement results using the data processing apparatus  6  without accessing the database server  7  to confirm the analysis results. This aspect eliminates a great deal of the accesses the database server  7 , thus reducing the load on the database server  7  and improving performance of the entire analysis system  1 . 
   When the user inputs instructions to display the details of the measurement results, the CPU  61   a  reads the measurement value data from the databases DB 21  and DB 41 , and displays the data in the measurement result detail display window. In the first embodiment, the measurement result detail display window opens when the user double clicks the specimen information table  284   a  in the measurement result display window  284 , and details of the double-clicked data are displayed in the measurement result detail display window, similar to the display of the measurement result detail display window in the previously described application programs  34   a  and  54   a . The measurement result details display window is also displayed when the user left clicks the data browser button in the menu window. 
     FIG. 34  is a schematic view showing the structure of the measurement result detail display window  286 . As shown in  FIG. 34 , the measurement result detailed information display window  286  has an anomaly display region  286   a  for displaying whether or not the measurement result is anomalous, specimen information display region  286   b  for displaying specimen information, and detailed information display region  286   c  for displaying various types of details of the measurement results. Similar to the measurement result detail display windows  86  and  186  shown in  FIGS. 29 and 32 , the anomaly display region  286   a  is provided at the top left of the measurement result detail display window  286 ; [positive] is displayed when an anomaly is found in a measurement result, and the type of anomaly is display by double clicking [positive]. [Negative] is displayed in the anomaly display region  286   a  when there is no anomaly or measurement error. Furthermore, since the specimen information display region  286   b  is identical to the specimen information display regions  86   b  and  186   b  of the measurement result detail display windows  86  and  186  shown in  FIGS. 29 and 32 , further description is omitted. 
   The detailed information display region  286   c  displays a window for displaying detailed information related to the types of measurement results.  FIG. 34  illustrates when the blood coagulation measurement main window  286   d  is displayed in the detailed information display region  286   c . The coagulation measurement main window  286   d  has a numeric data display region  286   e  for displaying numeric data of each measurement item, and a graph display region  286   f  for graphic displays of coagulation curves of each measurement item. Since the blood coagulation measurement main window  286   d  is identical to the blood coagulation measurement main window  186   d  displayed in the detailed information display region  186   c  of the measurement result detail display window  186  of the data processing apparatus  5 , further description is omitted. 
   A hemocyte analysis main window for displaying detailed information of hemocyte measurement results, a graph window for displaying graphs of measurement results, WBC window for displaying detailed information of white blood cells, RBC window for displaying detailed information of red blood cells, and a measurement item detail window for displaying detailed information of each measurement item of the blood coagulation measurements can be opened in the detailed information display region  286   c . These windows can be displayed by switching among the windows using the tabs provides at the top of the detailed information display region  286   c . For example, when [Main (MCC)] tab is left clicked, the hemocyte analysis main window is displayed; when the [MAIN (CA)] tab is left clicked, the coagulation measurement main window  286   d  is displayed; when the [Graph (MCC)] tab is left clicked, the graph window is displayed; and when the [Details] tab is left clicked, the measurement item detail window is displayed. 
   In this way the measurement result detail display window  286  of the data processing apparatus  6  can display windows (for example, hemocyte analysis main window, graph window) in the detailed information display region  86   c  of the measurement result detail display window  86  of the data processing apparatus  3  and can display windows (for example, coagulation measurement main window, measurement item detail window) in the detailed information display region  186   c  of the measurement result detail display window  186  of the data processing apparatus  5 , and in this aspect the measurement result detail display window  286  differs from the measurement result detail display windows  86  and  186  of the data processing apparatuses  3  and  5 , whereas other window structures (for example, the arrangement of the anomaly display region  286   a , specimen information display region  286   b , and detailed information display region  286   c ) are identical to the measurement result detail display windows  86  and  186 . As described above, the windows displayed in the detailed information display region  286   c  are windows displayed in common in the detailed information display regions  86   c  and  186   c  of the measurement result detail display windows  86  and  186 . Accordingly, the program modules related to the displays of these windows can be used in common as program modules of the application programs  34   a  and  54   a . Furthermore, the parts other than the detailed information display region  186   c  that is, the content of the anomaly display region  186   a  and specimen information display region  186   b  match the content of the hemocyte analysis. Accordingly, the program modules related to the displays of these parts can be used in common as program modules of the application programs  34   a  and  54   a . The design and development efficiency of the application programs  34   a ,  54   a , and  64   a  are improved by the common use of the program modules among the application programs  34   a ,  54   a , and  64   a . A user is provided with common operation characteristics by unifying the user interfaces of the data processing apparatuses  3 ,  5 , and  6 , thus reducing as much as possible the operation sequences the user must learn for each data processing apparatus and improving user convenience. 
   Operations related to fault tolerance of the analysis system  1  of the first embodiment are described below.  FIG. 35  is a flow chart illustrating the operation flow related to the fault tolerance of the analysis system of the first embodiment. When measurements are performed by the hemocyte analyzer  2   a , the operator, as previously described, sets the collection tube containing the specimen in the rack, and places the rack in the transport unit provided in the front part of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a . The specimen number is read from the barcode by a barcode reader provided in the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  while the collection tubes in each rack are conveyed by the transport unit. The control unit  25  of the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  sends the specimen number data to the data processing apparatus  3  (step S 41 ). When the specimen number data from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  are received (step S 42 : YES), the CPU  31   a  sends the measurement item data corresponding to the send request from the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  to the hemocyte analyzer  2   a  (step S 43 ). When the measurement item data are received (step S 44 : YES), the control unit  25  suctions the specimen from the collection tube to the sample supply unit, and starts the measurement (step S 45 ). The control unit  25  generates measurement values by these measurements, and sends the measurement value data to the data processing apparatus  3 , which was the issuing source of the measurement order (step S 46 ). 
   When the measurement value data are received (step S 47 : YES), the CPU  31   a  stores the received measurement value data in the database DB 21 , and updates the database (step S 48 ). Then, the CPU  31   a  generates differential data of the pre-update and post-update state If the database DB 21 , that is, generates data representing the difference in the database DB 21  produced by the update (step S 49 ), and sends the differential data to the data processing apparatus  6  (step S 50 ). When the differential data are received (step S 51 : YES), the CPU  61   a  of the data processing apparatus  6  updates the database DB 21  on the hard disk  61   d  using the differential data (step S 52 ). Since the differential data are data representing the difference in the pre-update and post-update state of the database DB 21 , the database DB 21  of the data processing apparatus  6  is coordinated with the updated database DB 21  of the data processing apparatus  3  using the differential data. Since this process is performed immediately after the update of the database DB 21  of the data processing apparatus  3 , the database DB 21  is essentially mirrored in real time. 
   The CPU  31   a  executes analysis processes such as hemocyte count, white cell type and the like based on the measurement values (step S 53 ). The generated measurement result data are stored in the database DB 21 , and the database DB 21  is updated (step S 54 ). then, the CPU  31   a  generates differential data of the pre-update and post-update state f the database DB 21  (step S 55 ), and sends the differential data to the data processing apparatus  6  (step S 56 ), whereupon the process ends. When the differential data are received (step S 57 : YES), the CPU  61   a  of the data processing apparatus  6  updates the database DB 21  on the hard disk  61   d  using the differential data (step S 58 ), and the process ends. 
   Although the flow charts shown in  FIG. 35  illustrate the flows of the dual processes of the databases DB 21  when measurements are performed by the hemocyte analyzer  2   a , actually, the database DB 21  duality is accomplished by the 4 CPU  31   a  generating an interrupt when the database DB 21  is updated on the data processing apparatus  3 , generating differential data, and sending the differential data to the data processing apparatus  6  without inquiring whether or not the database DB 21  has been updated by a measurement execution by the hemocyte analyzer  2   a.    
   Thus, since the data required for the update is sent to the data processing apparatus  6  by the timing that the database DB 21  of the data processing apparatus  3  requires updating, the contents match on the databases DB 21  of the data processing apparatuses  3  and  6 . Therefore, since there are dual databases DB 21 , the database DB 21  is backed up in its latest iteration or a state near the latest iteration on the data processing apparatus  6 , and data can be processed continuously using the database DB 21  without stopping the system even when, for example, the data processing apparatus  3  malfunctions and cannot operate. 
   Similarly, the database DB 22  on the data processing apparatus  6  can be updated using data required for the update sent to the data processing apparatus  6  with the timing that the database DB 22  requires updating due to, for example, changes of the setting values or the like of the data processing apparatus  3 . Although omitted to simplify the description, the situation is identical for databases DB 41  and DB 42 . 
   The present invention is not limited to the previously mentioned structure inasmuch as, for example, the data processing apparatuses  3 ,  5 , and  6  may mirror the databases DB 21 , DB 22 , DB 41 , DB 42  at predetermined time intervals, such that the contents of the databases DB 21  and DB 22  of the data processing apparatus  3  and the databases DB 21  and DB  22  of the data processing apparatus  6  match, and the contents of the databases DB 41  and DB 42  of the data processing apparatus  5  and the databases DB 41  and DB 42  of the data processing apparatus  6  match; and when measurements are executed by the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  (blood coagulation analyzers  4   a  and  4   b ) the measurement value data are sent simultaneously to the data processing apparatus  3  ( 5 ) and data processing apparatus  6 , such that the databases DB 21  (DB 41 ) are mirrored by updating the databases DB 21  (DB 41 ) simultaneously on the data processing apparatuses  3  ( 5 ), and  6  by the sent measurement values. In this case, when the data processing apparatus  3  ( 5 ) performs an analysis process and generates analysis result data, the analysis result data may be sent to the data processing apparatus  6 , and the data processing apparatus  6  may updates the database DB 21  (DB 41 ) using these analysis result data. 
   In the first embodiment, the data processing apparatuses  3  and  5  generate differential data of pre-update and post-update conditions of the databases DB 21 , DB 22 , DB 41 , and DB 42 , and send the differential data to the data processing apparatus  6 , and the data processing apparatus  6  updates the databases DB 21 , DB 22 , DB 41 , and DB 42  to the new state; however, the present invention is not limited to this process inasmuch as the data processing apparatuses  3  and  5  may generate differential data of the pre-update and post-update state of the databases DB 21 , DB 22 , DB 41 , and DB 42  at predetermined internals, ands these differential data may be sent to the data processing apparatus  6 , and the data processing apparatus  6  then uses these differential data to update the databases DB 21 , DB 22 , DB 41 , and DB 42  to the new state. 
   Although the first embodiment has been described as a configuration wherein setting data are read from the databases DB 22  and DB 42  during the operation of the application programs  34   a ,  54   a , and  64   a , and a data tree is developed by processing the setting data, the present invention is not limited to this configuration inasmuch as, for example, a setting database itself may designated as a data tree structure database, such that setting data are read from the database to directly develop a data tree in memory, or a database stored on the hard disks  31   d ,  41   d ,  61   d  that can be directly accessed. Furthermore the structure is not limited to a tree structure, and may be a data structure such as a table format, list format or the like insofar as the [setting conditions], and [setting values] [with each [setting item]. 
   Second Embodiment 
     FIG. 36  is a schematic view showing the structure of the analysis system of a second embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 36 , the analysis system  101  of the second embodiment has essential structural elements that include hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  103  for hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  105  for blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and patient data management database server  7 . The hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  103 , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  105 , and database server  7  are installed within an medical institution such as, for example, a hospital or pathology research facility. Furthermore, the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  103 , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  105  may be provided, for example, in a pathology research facility, and the database server  7  may be installed in a hospital or the like, such that the apparatuses configuring the analysis system  101  are separately provided at a plurality of separate institutions. The hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  103 , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  105 , and database server  7  are connected so as to be capable of mutual communication over a network NW, such as the Internet, LAN, or dedicated line such as a telephone line. The data processing apparatus  103  is installed near the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , and is used for data processing related to the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b . Conversely, the data processing apparatus  105  is installed near the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and is used for data processing related to the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b . The hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and database server  7  are identical to the structures of the analysis system  1  of the first embodiment, and like structural elements are designated by like reference numbers, therefore, further description is omitted. 
   The structure of the data processing apparatus  103  is described below.  FIG. 37  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus  103  of the second embodiment. The data processing apparatus  103  is mainly configured by a computer  103   a  which includes a body  131 , display unit  32 , and input unit  33 . The body  31  mainly includes a CPU  31   a , ROM  31   b , RAM  31   c , hard disk  31   d , reading device  31   e , I/O interface  31   f , communication interface  31   g , and image output interface  31   h , and the CPU  31   a , ROM  31   b , RAM  31   c , hard disk  131   d , reading device  31   e , I/O interface  31   f , communication interface  31   g , and image output interface  31   h  are connected by a bus  31   i.    
   Databases DB 121  and DB 122  are installed on the hard disk  131   d  of the data processing apparatus  103 . The database DB 121  is a relational database for associating and storing specimen numbers with the measurement result data of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b . The measurement result data obtained by the measurements performed by the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are stored in the database DB 121  by an application program  134   a  executed by the CPU  31   a . The application program  134   a  can also access the database DB 121 , read past measurement result data, and display the data on the display unit  32 . 
   The database DB 122  is a tree structure database for storing setting values of the application programs  134   a  and  154   a . since the structure of the database DB 122  is identical to the structure of the database DB 22  described in the first embodiment, further description is omitted. 
   The portable recording medium  134  stores the application program  134   a  which allows a computer to function as a data processing apparatus for a measuring apparatus; the computer  103   a  can read the application program  134   a  from the portable recording medium  134 , and install the application program  134   a  on the hard disk  131   d.    
   The application program  134   a  is a computer program providing functions such as operation settings for the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , providing measurement items, reception of measurement results, recording of measurement results to the database DB 121 , and display of measurement results and the like, and the application program  134   a  makes the computer  103   a  function as a data processing apparatus  103  provided with the above-mentioned functions when executed by the CPU  31   a . Since the application program  134   a  is capable of recording, deleting, modifying, and acquiring measurement result data in the database DB 121 , and otherwise has the same structure as the application program  64   a  of the first embodiment, further description is omitted. 
   Since the data processing apparatus  103  has the application program  134   a , and databases DB 121  and DB 122  installed on the hard disk  131   d , and otherwise has a structure identical to that of the data processing apparatus  3  described in the first embodiment, further description is omitted. 
   The structure of the data processing apparatus  105  is described below.  FIG. 38  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus  105  of the second embodiment. The data processing apparatus  105  is mainly configured by a computer  105   a  which includes a body  151 , display unit  52 , and input unit  53 . The body  151  is mainly configured by a CPU  51   a , ROM  51   b , RAM  51   c , hard disk  151   d , reading device  51   e , I/O interface  51   f , communication interface  51   g , and image output interface  51   h ; the CPU  51   a , ROM  51   b , RAM  51   c , hard disk  151   d , reading device  51   e , I/O interface  51   f , communication interface  51   g , and image output interface  51   h  are connected by a bus  51   i.    
   Databases DB 121  and DB 122  are installed on the hard disk  151   d  of the data processing apparatus  105 . The databases DB 121  and DB 122  installed on the hard disk  151   d  are databases having the same content as the databases DB 121  and DB 122  provided in the previously described processing apparatus  103 . The databases DB 121  and DB 122  are synchronized in real time with the databases DB 121  and DB 122  provided in the data processing apparatus  103  through the functions of the application programs  134   a  and  154   a . In this way the data processing of the measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  can be performed by the data processing apparatus  105  even when a malfunction occurs in the data processing apparatus  103 , and, similarly, the data processing of the measurement results of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be performed by the data processing apparatus  103  even when a malfunction occurs in the data processing apparatus  105 . 
   The portable recording medium  154  stores the application program  154   a  which allows a computer to function as a data processing apparatus for a measuring apparatus; the computer  105   a  can read the application program  154   a  from the portable recording medium  154 , and install the application program  154   a  on the hard disk  151   d.    
   The application program  154   a  is a computer program providing functions such as operation settings for the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , providing measurement items, reception of measurement results, recording of measurement results to the database DB 122 , and display of measurement results and the like, and the application program  154   a  makes the computer  105   a  function as a data processing apparatus  105  provided with the above-mentioned functions when executed by the CPU  51   a . The application program  154   a  can record, delete, modify, and acquire measurement results in the database DB 122  provided on the hard disk  151   d , and otherwise is identical to the structure of the application program  64   a  described in the first embodiment, and therefore further description is omitted. 
   Since the data processing apparatus  105  has the application program  154   a , and databases DB 121  and DB 122  installed on the hard disk  151   d , and otherwise has a structure identical to that of the data processing apparatus  5  described in the first embodiment, further description is omitted. 
   In the analysis system  101  of the second embodiment, the operation settings and operation start instructions of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be performed, and the measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be displayed, by a user using the data processing apparatus  103 . Moreover, the operation settings and operation start instructions of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be performed, and the measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be displayed, by a user using the data processing apparatus  105 . The data processing apparatuses  103  and  105  can restrict the functions usable by each user. For example, user authority may be set for the data processing apparatuses  103  and  105  can be set such that operators of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  are permitted use of only the functions of displaying measurement results and operating instructions for the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , and prohibited from using other functions. Furthermore, user authority may be set for the data processing apparatuses  103  and  105  can be set such that operators of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are permitted use of only the functions of displaying measurement results and operating instructions for the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and prohibited from using other functions. User authority of the data processing apparatuses  103  and  105  may be set such that a manager user (chief clinician or the like) who is allowed to reference the all data of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  is allowed to use all functions. 
   Operations related to fault tolerance of the analysis system  101  of the second embodiment are described below. The hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and data processing apparatus  103  ( 105 ) send data required for updating to another data processing apparatus  105  ( 103 ) with a timing of necessary update of the databases DB 121  and DB 122 . The data processing apparatus  105  ( 103 ) receiving the data updates the databases DB 121  and DB 122  with these data, thus achieving dual databases. In the second embodiment, the data processing apparatus  103  and the data processing apparatus  105  mirror the databases DB 121  and DB 122  at predetermined time intervals, such that the contents of the databases DB 121  and DB 122  of the data processing apparatus  103  and the databases DB 121  and DB 122  of the data processing apparatus  105  match. Thus, the system is capable of continuous operation without interruption even when one or another of the data processing apparatuses  103  and  105  breaks down, by means of the dual databases DB 121  and DB 122  (backup). 
   Other operations of the data processing apparatuses  103  and  105  of the analysis system  101  of the second embodiment are identical to the operation of the data processing apparatus  6  described in the first embodiment, and therefore further description is omitted. 
   Third Embodiment 
     FIG. 39  is a schematic view showing the structure of the analysis system of a third embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 39 , the analysis system  201  of the third embodiment has essential structural elements that include hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  203  for hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  205  for blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and patient data management database server  7 . The hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  203 , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  205 , and database server  7  are installed within an medical institution such as, for example, a hospital or pathology research facility. Furthermore, the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  203 , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  205  may be provided, for example, in a pathology research facility, and the database server  7  may be installed in a hospital or the like, such that the apparatuses configuring the analysis system  201  are separately provided at a plurality of separate institutions. The hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , data processing apparatus  203 , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , data processing apparatus  205 , and database server  7  are connected so as to be capable of mutual communication through a network NW such as the Internet, LAN, dedicated telephone line or the like. The data processing apparatus  203  is installed near the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , and is used for data processing related to the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b . Conversely, the data processing apparatus  205  is installed near the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and is used for data processing related to the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b . The hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and database server  7  are identical to the structures of the analysis system  1  of the first embodiment, and like structural elements are designated by like reference numbers, therefore, further description is omitted. 
   The structure of the data processing apparatus  203  is described below.  FIG. 40  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus  203  of the second embodiment. The data processing apparatus  203  is mainly configured by a computer  203   a  which includes a body  231 , display unit  32 , and input unit  33 . The body  231  mainly includes a CPU  31   a , ROM  31   b , RAM  31   c , hard disk  231   d , reading device  31   e , I/O interface  31   f , communication interface  31   g , and image output interface  31   h , and the CPU  31   a , ROM  31   b , RAM  31   c , hard disk  231   d , reading device  31   e , I/O interface  31   f , communication interface  31   g , and image output interface  31   h  are connected by a bus  31   i.    
   Databases DB 221 , DB 222 , DB 241 , and DB 242  are installed on the hard disk  231   d  of the data processing apparatus  203 . The database DB 221  is a relational database for mutually associating and storing specimen numbers and measurement result data of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b . The measurement result data obtained by the measurements performed by the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  are stored in the database DB 221  by an application program  234   a  executed by the CPU  31   a . The application program  234   a  can also access the database DB 221 , read past measurement result data, and display the data on the display unit  32 . Since the structure of the database DB 221  is identical to the structure of the database DB 21  described in the first embodiment, further description is omitted. 
   The database DB 222  is a tree structure database for storing setting values of the application program  234   a . Since the structure of the database DB 222  is identical to the structure of the database DB 22  described in the first embodiment, further description is omitted. 
   The databases DB 241  and DB 242  installed on the hard disk  231   d  are databases having the same content as the databases DB 241  and DB 242  provided in the data processing apparatus  105  described later. The databases DB 241  and DB 242  are synchronized in real time with the databases DB 241  and DB 242  provided in the data processing apparatus  205  by the functions of the application programs  234   a  and  254   a . In this way the data processing of the measurement results of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be performed by the data processing apparatus  203  even when a malfunction occurs in the data processing apparatus  205 . 
   The portable recording medium  234  stores the application program  134   a  which allows a computer to function as a data processing apparatus for a measuring apparatus; the computer  203   a  can read the application program  234   a  from the portable recording medium  234 , and install the application program  234   a  on the hard disk  231   d.    
   The application program  234   a  is a computer program providing functions such as operation settings for the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , providing measurement items, reception of measurement results, recording of measurement results to the database DB 221  and DB 241 , and display of measurement results and the like, and the application program  234   a  makes the computer  203   a  function as a data processing apparatus  203  provided with the above-mentioned functions when executed by the CPU  31   a . Since the application program  234   a  records, deletes, and modifies, and acquires data in the databases DB 221  and DB 241 , and otherwise is identical in structure to the application program  64   a  described in the first embodiment, further description is omitted. 
   Since the data processing apparatus  203  has the application program  234   a , and databases DB 221 , DB 222 , DB 241 , and DB 242  installed on the hard disk  231   d , and otherwise has a structure identical to that of the data processing apparatus  3  described in the first embodiment, further description is omitted. 
   The structure of the data processing apparatus  205  is described below.  FIG. 41  is a block diagram showing the structure of the data processing apparatus  205  of the third embodiment. The data processing apparatus  205  is mainly configured by a computer  205   a  which includes a body  251 , display unit  52 , and input unit  53 . The body  251  is mainly configured by a CPU  51   a , ROM  51   b , RAM  51   c , hard disk  251   d , reading device  51   e , I/O interface  51   f , communication interface  51   g , and image output interface  51   h ; the CPU  51   a , ROM  51   b , RAM  51   c , hard disk  251   d , reading device  51   e , I/O interface  51   f , communication interface  51   g , and image output interface  51   h  are connected by a bus  51   i.    
   Databases DB 221 , DB 222 , DB 241 , and DB 242  are installed on the hard disk  251   d  of the data processing apparatus  205 . The database DB 241  is a relational database for associating and storing specimen numbers and measurement result data of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b . The measurement result data obtained by measurements performed by the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are stored in the database DB 241  by the application program  254   a  executed by the CPU  31   a . The application program  254   a  can also access the database DB 241 , read past measurement result data, and display the data on the display unit  52 . Since the structure of the database DB 241  is identical to the structure of the database DB 41  described in the first embodiment, further description is omitted. 
   The database DB 242  is a tree structure database for storing setting values of the application program  254   a . Since the structure of the database DB 242  is identical to the structure of the database DB 42  described in the first embodiment, further description is omitted. 
   The databases DB 221  and DB 222  installed on the hard disk  251   d  are databases having the same content as the databases DB 221  and DB 222  provided in the previously described processing apparatus  203 . The databases DB 221  and DB 222  are synchronized in real time with the databases DB 221  and DB 222  provided in the data processing apparatus  203  by the functions of the application programs  234   a  and  254   a . In this way the data processing of the measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  can be performed by the data processing apparatus  205  even when a malfunction occurs in the data processing apparatus  203 . 
   The portable recording medium  254  stores the application program  254   a  which allows a computer to function as a data processing apparatus for a measuring apparatus; the computer  205   a  can read the application program  254   a  from the portable recording medium  254 , and install the application program  254   a  on the hard disk  251   d.    
   The application program  254   a  is a computer program providing functions such as operation settings for the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , providing measurement items, reception of measurement results, recording of measurement results to the databases DB 221  and DB 222 , and display of measurement results and the like, and the application program  254   a  makes the computer  205   a  function as a data processing apparatus  205  provided with the above-mentioned functions when executed by the CPU  51   a . Since the application program  254   a  records, deletes, and modifies, and acquires data in the databases DB 221  and DB 241 , and otherwise is identical in structure to the application program  64   a  described in the first embodiment, further description is omitted. 
   Since the data processing apparatus  205  has the application program  254   a , and databases DB 121 , DB 122 , DB 241 , and DB 242  installed on the hard disk  251   d , and otherwise has a structure identical to that of the data processing apparatus  5  described in the first embodiment, like structural elements are designated by like reference numbers, and further description is omitted. 
   In the analysis system  201  of the third embodiment, operation settings and operation start instructions for the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be performed, and measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be displayed by the user on the data processing apparatus  203 . Moreover, the operation settings and operation start instructions of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be performed, and the measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  can be displayed, by a user using the data processing apparatus  205 . The data processing apparatuses  203  and  205  can restrict the functions usable by each user. For example, user authority may be set for the data processing apparatuses  203  and  205  can be set such that operators of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  are permitted use of only the functions of displaying measurement results and operating instructions for the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , and prohibited from using other functions. Furthermore, user authority may be set for the data processing apparatuses  203  and  205  can be set such that operators of the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are permitted use of only the functions of displaying measurement results and operating instructions for the blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and prohibited from using other functions. User authority of the data processing apparatuses  203  and  205  may be set such that a manager user (chief clinician or the like) who is allowed to reference the all data of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  is allowed to use all functions. 
   Operations related to fault tolerance of the analysis system  201  of the third embodiment are described below. The hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b , blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b , and data processing apparatus  203  ( 205 ) send data required for updating to another data processing apparatus  205  ( 203 ) with a timing of necessary update of the databases DB 221 , DB 222 , DB 241 , and DB 242 . The data processing apparatus  205  ( 203 ) receiving the data updates the databases DB 221 , DB 222 , DB 241 , and DB 242  with these data, thus achieving dual databases. In the third embodiment, the data processing apparatus  203  and the data processing apparatus  205  mirror the databases DB 221 , DB 222 , DB 241 , and DB 242  at predetermined time intervals, such that the contents of the databases DB 221 , DB 222 , DB 241 , and DB 242  of the data processing apparatus  203  and the databases DB 221 , DB 222 , DB 241 , and DB 242  of the data processing apparatus  205  match. Thus, the system is capable of continuous operation without interruption even when one or another of the data processing apparatuses  203  and  205  breaks down, by means of the dual databases DB 221 , DB 222 , DB 241 , and DB 242  (backup). 
   Other operations of the data processing apparatuses  203  and  205  of the analysis system  201  of the third embodiment are identical to the operation of the data processing apparatus  6  described in the first embodiment, and therefore further description is omitted. 
   Although the first through third embodiments have been described in terms of the databases DB 21 , DB 41 , DB 121 , DB 241  for storing measurement value data and analysis result data and the databases DB 22 , DB 42 , DB 222 , and DB 242  for storing setting value data being duplicated to ensure reliability, the present invention is not limited to this aspect inasmuch as, for example, the data processing apparatuses  3 ,  5 ,  6 ,  103 ,  105 ,  203 , and  205  save logs relating to the operating conditions of their own operating states in a log save database beforehand, and duplicate the log save database among other data processing apparatuses. In this case, system reliability can be ensured even, for example, when one data processing apparatus is non-operational due to malfunction, by another data processing apparatus rapidly perform a recovery operation based on the operation log of the non-operational data processing apparatus and without shutting down the operation of the system, or only briefly shutting down the system if it should shut down. 
   Furthermore, although the first through third embodiments have been described in terms of the analysis system  1  having hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  as measuring apparatuses, wherein operating setting, operation instructions, management of measurement results, and displaying measurement results of the hemocyte analyzers  2   a  and  2   b  and blood coagulation measuring apparatuses  4   a  and  4   b  are accomplished by the data processing apparatuses  3 ,  5 ,  6 ,  103 ,  105 ,  203 , and  205 , the present invention is not limited to this configuration inasmuch as, for example, the analysis system  1  may have other measuring apparatuses, such as urine particle analyzer, urine qualitative analyzer, stool analyzer, particle analyzer and the like, so as to perform operation settings, operation instructions, manage measurement results, and display measurement results of these other measuring apparatuses. 
   The foregoing detailed description and accompanying drawings have been provided by way of explanation and illustration, and are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims. Many variations in the presently preferred embodiments illustrated herein will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, and remain within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.