Patent Publication Number: US-8993456-B2

Title: Film forming apparatus and method of operating the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-236196, filed on Oct. 27, 2011, in the Japan Patent Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a film forming apparatus for forming a carbon film on an object such as a semiconductor wafer, and a method of operating the same. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Generally, in order to form an integrated circuit (IC), such as a semiconductor IC, various processes, such as a film forming process, an etching process, an oxidation diffusion process, and an annealing process, are repeatedly performed on a semiconductor wafer formed of a silicon substrate, etc. Here, according to an example of an etching process, a thin film formed of any one of various materials is conventionally used as an etching mask in order to perform a micro-size process. Recently, there are cases where a carbon film is used as an etching mask, i.e., a sacrificial film (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). This is because the carbon film is satisfactorily deposited even on a side wall of a recess portion of a pattern of a wafer surface, for example, in the film forming process, compared to other etching mask materials, thereby increasing a step coverage. 
     If the carbon film is, for example, polycrystallized and has the satisfactory step coverage as described above, the utility of the carbon film is increased under a current situation where a design rule is strict according to a further decrease of a line width or the like and the progress of miniaturization. 
     However, when the carbon film is to be formed on a semiconductor wafer, a material gas, for example, ethylene is introduced into a processing container formed of a quartz material under a depressurized atmosphere. Here, as a countermeasure against particles or in order to maintain the reproducibility of a film forming process, the material gas is introduced into the processing container without accommodating the wafer in the processing container before performing the film forming process, and then a carbon film in an amorphous state is formed as a pre-coating film on an inner surface of the processing container and surfaces of members formed of a quartz material in the processing container, for example, a wafer boat holding the semiconductor wafer. After forming the pre-coating film, the semiconductor wafer is held by the wafer boat and then carried (loaded) into the processing container, and a carbon film is formed on the semiconductor wafer. 
     However, since the carbon film does not have a satisfactory adhesion to quartz (SiO 2 ), the pre-coating film or the carbon film deposited on the pre-coating film during performing the film forming process on the semiconductor easily peels off, thereby generating particles.
     (Patent Document 1) Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2007-523034   (Patent Document 2) Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2011-181903   

     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a film forming apparatus capable of suppressing generation of particles by improving an adhesion of a carbon film to surfaces of members contacting a processing space in a processing container, and a method of operating the film forming apparatus. 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of operating a film forming apparatus, the method including forming a carbon film on each of surfaces of a plurality of objects held by a holding unit in a processing container formed of a quartz material, wherein the method further includes forming an adhesion so film to improve an adhesion of the carbon film, on surfaces of members which are formed of a quartz material and contact a processing space in the processing container. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a film forming apparatus which forms a carbon film on each of surfaces of a plurality of objects, the film forming apparatus including: a vertical processing container which is formed of a quartz material and is configured to be capable of exhaustion; a heating unit which heats the plurality of objects; a holding unit which holds the plurality of objects and is loaded and unloaded into and from the vertical processing container; a gas introduction unit which introduces a gas into the vertical processing container; and a control unit which controls the whole film forming apparatus to perform the method of operating the film forming apparatus above. 
     Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. 
     The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention. 
         FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of a film forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating the film forming apparatus, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a magnified schematic view for showing thin films deposited on an inner surface of a processing container formed of a quartz material, according to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 4  is a set of photographs in place of drawings for showing results of so experiments on adhesion films. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     An embodiment of the present invention achieved on the basis of the findings given above will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing. In the following description, the constituent elements having substantially the same function and arrangement are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a repetitive description will be made only when necessary. 
     Hereinafter, a film forming apparatus and a method of operating the same, according to embodiments of the present invention, will be described based on the attached drawings.  FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of a film forming apparatus  2  according to an embodiment of the present invention. Here, a silane-based gas, for example, monosilane, is used as an adhesion film forming gas, a hydrocarbon gas, for example, ethylene, is used as a carbon film forming gas, and oxygen is used as a cleaning gas. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the film forming apparatus  2  includes a processing container  8  having a double pipe structure. The double pipe structure includes an inner container  4  having a container body shape and formed of a quartz material and an outer container  6  having a container body shape with a roof and formed of a quartz material, wherein the outer container  6  is disposed outside the inner pipe  4  in a concentric circular shape. An outer circumference of the processing container  8  is surrounded by a heating unit  12  having a heater  10 , which heats objects accommodated in the processing container  8 . An inside of the outer container  6  is formed as a processing space S. 
     The heating unit  12  has a cylindrical body shape and surrounds almost all areas of a side surface of the processing container  8 . Also, an insulation material  14  is provided at the outer circumference of the processing container  8  to completely surround side surfaces, including a roof portion, of the processing container  8 . The heating unit  12  is adhered to an inner side surface of the insulation material  14 . 
     A bottom of the processing container  8  is supported by a manifold  18  having, for example, a container body shape formed of stainless steel, and a bottom portion of the inner container  4  is supported by a support ring  20  adhered to an inner wall of the manifold  1 . The manifold  18  may be formed of quartz or the like, and may be integrally molded with the processing container  8 . Also, a wafer boat  22  formed of a quartz material is provided as a holding unit on which semiconductor wafers W as a plurality of objects are placed. The wafer boat  22  is freely inserted into and pulled out from (loaded into and unloaded from) the processing container  8  through the bottom of the manifold  18  and thereby being able to move up and down in the processing container  8 . The semiconductor wafer W, for example, may have a diameter of 308 mm. However, a size thereof is not specifically limited. The wafer boat  22  is formed by fixing both ends in upper and lower sides of three or four supports  22 A, wherein the position of the supports  22 A are maldistributed in a semicircular portion of the periphery of the semiconductor wafer W, and for example, peripheral portions of the semiconductor wafers W are held by groove portions formed at predetermined pitches on the supports  22 A. 
     The wafer boat  22  is placed on a rotating table  26  with a thermo-container  24  formed of a quartz material in between, and the rotating table  26  is supported at a top of a rotating shaft  30  penetrating through a cover unit  28  for opening and closing a bottom opening of the manifold  18 . Also, for example, a magnetic fluid seal  32  is provided at a penetrating portion of the rotating shaft  30  such as to airtightly seal and rotatably support the rotating shaft  30 . Also, for example, a seal member  34  formed of an O-ring or the like is provided between a peripheral portion of the cover unit  28  and a bottom of the manifold  18  so as to hold the scalability of a container. Here, members formed of a quartz material include the wafer boat  22  and the thermo-container  24 , as well as the processing container  8  including the inner container  4  and the outer container  6 . 
     The rotating shaft  30  is adhered to a leading end of an arm  38  supported by an elevating mechanism  36 , for example, a boat elevator, to integrally elevate the wafer boat  22  and the cover unit  28 . A gas introduction unit  48  for introducing gases required for processes into the processing container  8  is provided at a side portion of the manifold  18 . In detail, the gas introduction unit  40  includes an adhesion film forming gas supply system  42  for supplying an adhesion film forming gas, a carbon film so forming gas supply system  44  for supplying a carbon film forming gas, a cleaning gas supply system  46  for supplying a cleaning gas, and a purge gas supply system  48  for supplying a purge gas. 
     The gas supply systems  42 ,  44 ,  46 , and  48  respectively include gas nozzles  42 A,  44 A,  46 A, and  48 A provided by penetrating through the manifold  18 , and corresponding gases are supplied from the gas nozzles  42 A,  44 A,  46 A, and  48 A as occasion demands while flow rates of the corresponding gases are controlled. Shapes of the gas nozzles are not specifically limited, and for example, a so-called distribution type nozzle extending along a height direction of the processing container  8  and including a plurality of gas ejection holes may be used. 
     Regarding the types of the gases used, as described above, a silane-based gas, for example, monosilane, is used as the adhesion film forming gas, a hydrocarbon-based gas, for example, ethylene, is used as the carbon film forming gas, oxygen or ozone is used as the cleaning gas, and nitrogen is used as the purge gas. The adhesion film forming gas or the silane-based gas, or the cleaning gas may be introduced with a carrier gas as occasion demands. 
     Also, an exhaustion hole  50 , which exhausts an atmosphere of the processing container  8  from between the inner container  4  and the outer container  6  is formed in a side wall of the manifold  18 , and a vacuum exhaust system  52  including, for example, a vacuum pump or pressure adjusting valve (not shown), is connected to the exhaust hole  50 . 
     All operations of the film forming apparatus  2  formed as above are controlled by a control unit  60  including, for example, a computer. The control unit  60  controls all operations of an apparatus, and computer programs performing the operations are stored in a storage medium  62 , such as a flexible disc, a compact disc (CD), a hard disc, or a flash memory. In detail, starting or stopping supply of each gas, controlling of a flow rate, controlling of a process temperature or process pressure, etc. are performed according to commands from the control unit  60 . 
     Next, a method of operating the film forming apparatus  2  configured as above will now be described with reference to  FIGS. 2 and 3 .  FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating the film forming apparatus  2 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, and  FIG. 3  is a magnified schematic view showing an example of thin films deposited on an inner surface of the processing container  8  formed of a quartz material, according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, typical operations of the film forming apparatus  2  will now be briefly described. The wafer boat  22  holding the semiconductor wafer W is lowered downwards from inside the processing container  8 , i.e., is in an unloaded state, and stands by in a loading area. 
     When a process is performed on the semiconductor wafer W, such as forming a carbon film on the semiconductor wafer W, a plurality of, for example, 50 to 100 sheets, unprocessed semiconductor wafers W are held by the wafer boat  22  in multi-stages. Also, when an adhesion film is formed on an inner surface of the processing container  8  or a cleaning process is performed, the wafer boat  22  does not hold any semiconductor wafers W and is in an empty state. Also, the processing container  8  is maintained at a process temperature or lower, and the bottom opening of the manifold  18  is closed by the cover unit  28  after inserting, i.e., loading the wafer boat  22  into the processing container  8  by moving-up the wafer boat  22 , thereby sealing the inside of the processing container  8 . 
     Then, the inside of the processing container  8  is maintained at a predetermined process pressure while an inner temperature of the processing container  8  is increased by increasing power input to the heating unit  12  to stably maintain the processing container  8  at a predetermined process temperature. Next, a predetermined gas is introduced into the processing container  8  by using the gas introduction unit  40 . 
     After the gas is introduced into the inner container  4 , the introduced gas rises in the inner container  4 , turns around at the ceiling portion, flows along a gap between the inner container  4  and the outer container  6 , and is discharged to the outside of the processing container  8  by the vacuum exhaust system  52  through the exhaustion hole  50 . Accordingly, an adhesion film forming process, a carbon film forming process, a cleaning process, etc. are performed. 
     As described above, in order to form the adhesion film, the adhesion film forming gas, i.e., monosilane, is introduced from the adhesion film forming gas supply system  42 , in order to form the carbon film, the carbon film forming gas, i.e., ethylene, is introduced from the carbon film forming gas supply system  44 , the cleaning gas, for example, oxygen, is introduced from the cleaning gas supply system  46  when the cleaning process is performed, and the purge gas, for example, nitrogen, is introduced from the purge gas supply system  48  when, for example, a purge process is performed between the respective processes. 
     Next, the method of operating the film forming apparatus  2 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, will now be described in detail with reference to  FIG. 2 . The present invention is characterized in that the adhesion film improving the adhesion of the carbon film is pre-formed on the inner surface of the processing container  8 , in which the adhesion film is formed after the cleaning process is performed in the processing container  8  and before the carbon film is formed on the semiconductor wafer W. 
     First, in the initial operation of the film forming apparatus  2 , it is determined whether an adhesion film needs to be formed (operation S 1 ). The determination is performed based on whether an adhesion film is already formed on an inner surface of the processing container  8 . For example, if a cleaning process has been performed in the processing container  8  when a previous operation is stopped, the adhesion film needs to be formed again since the adhesion film is removed via such a cleaning process. In the same manner, when a new processing container  8  is used for the first time, the adhesion film needs to be formed since a cleaning process is performed in the new processing container  8  to remove contamination, such as an organic material. 
     If a carbon film forming process has been performed within a permitted number of times in a previous operation, the adhesion film has already been formed on the inner surface of the processing container  8 , and thus, at this time, the adhesion film does not need to be formed again. Accordingly, if it is determined that the adhesion film does not needed to be formed in operation S 1  (NO in operation S 1 ), operation S 4  is performed to form a carbon film. 
     On the other hand, if it is determined that the adhesion film needs to be formed in operation S 1  (YES in operation S 1 ), an adhesion film forming process (operation S 2 ) is performed. During the adhesion film forming process, as described above, the wafer boat  22  is accommodated in the processing container  8  and the wafer boat  22  is in an empty state in which semiconductor wafers W are not held at all. 
     Then, monosilane, i.e., a silane-based gas, is introduced as the adhesion film forming gas at a predetermined flow rate into the processing container  8  from the adhesion film forming gas supply system  42  of the gas introduction unit  40 . Next, the inside of the processing container  8  is maintained at a predetermined process temperature and process pressure. Accordingly, an adhesion film  70  (refer to  FIG. 3 ) formed of a silicon film is deposited on the inner surface of the processing container  8  formed of a quartz material via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction as the monosilane is thermally decomposed. Here, the adhesion film  70  is also deposited on entire surfaces of inner and outer sides of the inner container  4  that is a quartz product, an entire surface of the wafer boat  22  that is a quartz product, and an entire surface of the thermo-container  24  that is a quartz product. At this time, the silicon film that is the adhesion film  70  is deposited in an amorphous or polycrystalline state. 
     Regarding process conditions at this time, the process temperature is within a range from 550 to 650° C. and the process pressure is within a range from 0.3 to 1.0 Torr. When the process temperature is lower than 550° C., the silicon film is not formed and when higher than 650° C., it takes too long to increase a temperature. Also, when the process pressure is lower than 0.3 Torr, a film forming speed is slow and thus not practical, and when higher than 1.0 Torr, a film thickness is not uniform. The flow rate of the adhesion film forming gas is within a range from 50 to 500 sccm. 
     Also, a film thickness of the adhesion film  70  may be in a range from 0.1 to 10 nm, preferably in a range from a 1 to 1.0 nm. When the film thickness is less than 0.1 nm, the adhesion film  70  may be irregularly deposited, and when more than 10 nm, it takes too long to form the adhesion film  70 , and thus, a throughput of a wafer process may be deteriorated. 
     Once the adhesion film forming process described above is finished in operation S 2 , a pre-coating film forming process is performed in operation S 3  to improve the reproducibility of a film forming process on the semiconductor wafer W, or the like. Alternatively, the pre-coating film forming process in operation S 3  may be omitted. The pre-coating film forming process is performed to form a thin film, i.e., a carbon film, formed of the same material as that of a thin film to be formed on the surface of the semiconductor wafer W, on the inner surface of the processing container  8 . At this time, an ethylene gas as the carbon film forming gas is introduced into the processing container  8  from the carbon film forming gas supply system  44  while the wafer boat  22  is in an empty state like in operation S 2 . Accordingly, the ethylene gas is thermally decomposed and thus a pre-coating film  72  formed of a carbon film is deposited on the inner surface of the processing container  8 . The pre-coating film  72  is deposited on the entire surfaces of the inner and outer sides of the inner container  4 , the entire surface of the wafer boat  22 , and the entire surface of the thermo-container  24 , like the adhesion film  70  described above. The adhesion film forming process and the pre-coating film forming process are consecutively performed. 
     Regarding process conditions at this time, a process temperature is within a range from 600 to 800° C. and a process pressure is within a range from 5 to 400 Torr. A film thickness of the pre-coating film  72  is very thin, for example, about 50 nm. Also, a flow rate of the carbon film forming gas is in a range from 100 to 2000 sccm. The carbon film that is the pre-coating film  72  is, for example, in an amorphous state. 
     As described above, after the pre-coating film forming process in operation S 3  is finished, operation S 4  is performed to form a carbon film. In operation S 4 , the wafer boat  22  is lowered downwards to be unloaded once, a plurality of unprocessed semiconductor wafers W for one-batch process are transferred to and held by the wafer boat  22 , and then the wafer boat  22  is elevated to be loaded into the processing container  8 . Like the pre-coating film forming process in operation S 3 , an ethylene gas as a carbon film forming gas is introduced from the carbon film forming gas supply system  44  into the processing container  8 . 
     The ethylene gas is thermally decomposed while elevating inside the inner container  4 , contact the semiconductor wafer W that is being rotated, and deposits a carbon film constituting, for example, an etching mask, on a surface of the semiconductor wafer W via a CVD reaction. At this time, a carbon film  74  is also deposited on the inner surface of the processing container  8  (refer to  FIG. 3 ). Like the pre-coating film  72  described above, the carbon film  74  is deposited on the entire surfaces of the inner and outer sides of the inner container  4 , the entire surface of the wafer boat  22 , and the entire surface of the thermo-container  24 . 
     Process conditions at this time are the same as the pre-coating film forming process in operation S 3  described above, wherein a process temperature is within a range from 600 to 800° C. and a process pressure is from 5 to 400 Torr. The carbon film  74  is in, for example, an amorphous state. Also, a flow rate of the carbon film forming gas is in a range from 100 to 2000 sccm. Also, during operation S 3 , a pre-process may be performed on the semiconductor wafer W by flowing an aminosilane-based gas, such as diisopropylaminosilane (DIPAS), before flowing the carbon film forming gas. 
     As such, when the one-batch type film forming process is completed, it is determined whether the one-batch type film forming process is performed a predetermined number of times n (operation S 5 ). Here, the predetermined number of times n is equal to or more than one, and is arbitrarily set within a range where particles are not generated. The predetermined number of times n may be set by pre-determining a maximum value of a film thickness of a carbon film and adding up film thicknesses of carbon films, each deposited during the one-batch type film forming process until a point in time when the maximum value is reached. 
     The determining based on the predetermined number of times n is performed by counting the number of times the film forming process is performed after forming the adhesion film  70 . Here, if, after the film forming process is completed, the number of times the film forming processes are performed is lower than the predetermined number of times n (NO in operation S 5 ), it is determined whether an unprocessed semiconductor wafer exists (operation S 6 ). If it is determined that an unprocessed semiconductor wafer does not exist (NO in operation S 6 ), the process is ended. 
     On the other hand, if it is determined that an unprocessed semiconductor wafer exists (YES in operation S 6 ), the process returns back to the film forming process in operation S 4  for depositing a carbon film to again perform the film forming process on the one-batch semiconductor wafers W. As such, the one-batch film forming process is repeatedly performed until the predetermined number of times n is reached, and at this time, the carbon film  74  deposited on the inner surface or the like of the processing container  8  is sequentially stacked. Then, when the performed film forming process reaches the predetermined number of times n (YES in operation S 5 ), a cleaning process is performed in operation S 7 . 
     During the cleaning process, oxygen as the cleaning gas is supplied from the cleaning gas supply system  46  into the processing container  8  and, at this time, the wafer boat  22  in an empty state in which a semiconductor wafer is not held is accommodated in the processing container  8 . Ozone or a mixture gas of ozone and oxygen may be used as the cleaning gas instead of oxygen. Accordingly, a carbon film deposited on an inner surface of the processing container  8  (including both surfaces of the inner and outer sides of the inner container  4 ) or on a surface of the wafer boat  22  and a surface of the thermo-container  24 , and the pre-coating film  72  formed of carbon are oxidized and removed. Here, the adhesion film  70  formed of a very thin silicon film is also removed, and as a result, quartz surfaces of the inner surface of the outer container  6 , both surfaces of the inner and outer sides of the inner container  4 , the surface of the wafer boat  22 , and the surface of the thermo-container  24  are each revealed. 
     Regarding process conditions at this time, a process temperature is within a range from 600 to 800° C. when the cleaning gas is oxygen and within a range from 300 to 600° C. when the cleaning gas is ozone. A process pressure is within a range from 50 to 200 Torr when the cleaning gas is oxygen and is less than or equal to 10 Torr when the cleaning gas is ozone. 
     When the cleaning process in operation S 7  is completed as such, it is determined whether an unprocessed semiconductor wafer exists (operation S 8 ). If it is determined that an unprocessed semiconductor wafer exists (YES in operation S 8 ), the process returns back to operation S 2  to form the adhesion film again, and each operation and each process are performed as described above. Here, when the predetermined number of times n is one (“n=1”), the cleaning process in operation S 7 , the adhesion film forming process in operation S 2  are performed whenever the one-batch film forming process is performed. If it is determined that an unprocessed semiconductor wafer does not exist (NO in operation S 8 ), the process is ended. 
     As described above, since the adhesion film  70  formed of, for example, a silicon film is formed on surfaces of members formed of a quartz material contacting the processing space S in the processing container  8 , i.e., the inner surface of the outer container  6 , both surfaces of the inner and outer sides of the inner container  4 , the entire surface of the wafer boat  22 , and the entire surface of the thermo-container  24 , before a carbon film is formed on the semiconductor wafer W, an adhesion of the carbon film  74  to the surfaces of the members formed of a quartz material that is a base material may be improved. Accordingly, in the process of forming the carbon film on the semiconductor wafer W, particles may be suppressed from being generated by detaching the carbon film  74  from the inner surface of the processing container  8  or the like. 
     As described above, according to the present invention, generation of particles may be suppressed by improving an adhesion of a carbon film to surfaces of members formed of a quartz material contacting the processing space S in the processing container  8 . 
     Also, in the above embodiment, an amorphous or polycrystalline silicon film is used as the adhesion film  70 . However, alternatively, a silicon nitride (SiN) film may be used. In order to form the silicon nitride film, a silane-based gas, for example, dichlorosilane (DCS) or ammonia may be used as the adhesion film forming gas. In this case, regarding process conditions, a process temperature is within a range from 600 to 800° C. and a process pressure is within a range from 0.2 to 0.5 Torr. Also, a film thickness of the silicon nitride film used as the adhesion film  70  is the same as that of the silicon film above, and is in a range from 0.1 to 10 nm, preferably in a range from 0.1 to 1.0 nm. 
     Here, when the silicon nitride film is used as the adhesion film  70 , it may be thought that such a film type may adversely affect a base material of the processing container  8  formed of a silicon material or the like due to high stress. However, as described above, since the film thickness of the silicon nitride film is in the range from 01 to 10 nm and thus very thin, the adverse effects rarely occur. 
     &lt;Evaluation on Adhesion&gt; 
     Experiments on adhesion films formed according to the method of the present invention are performed, and thus, evaluation results will now be described.  FIG. 4  is a set of photographs in place of drawings for showing results of experiments on adhesion films. Here, a sample  1  that forms a silicon film (polycrystalline state) as the adhesion film  70  on a surface of a quartz base that is a base material of a quartz material (SiO 2 ), a sample  2  that forms a silicon nitride film as the adhesion film  70  on a surface of a quartz base that is a base material of a quartz material (SiO 2 ), and a sample  3  that does not form the adhesion film  70  on a surface of a quartz base that is a base material of a quartz material (SiO 2 ) at all were each prepared, a carbon film (amorphous state) was formed on a surface of each of the samples  1  through  3 , and then an adhesive tape was adhered to and then peeled off from a surface of the carbon film. 
     At this time, a thickness of the adhesion film  70  is 0.5 nm. Also, in order to form the carbon film, ethylene was used as a carbon film forming gas and was flowed at a flow rate of 500 sccm. A process temperature was 800° C., a process pressure was 7.5 Torr, and the carbon film having a thickness of about 40 nm was formed.  FIG. 4  shows the states of surfaces when the adhesive tape is peeled off. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , in the samples  1  and  2  in which the adhesion films were formed, adhesion was satisfactory without the carbon film being peeled off. In the sample  3  in which the adhesion film was not formed, the carbon film was peeled off, and thus, adhesion was not satisfactory. 
     Also, as a silane-based gas used as the adhesion film forming gas, one or more gases selected from the group consisting of dichlorosilane (DCS), hexachlorosilane (HCD), monosilane [SiH 4 ], disilane [Si 2 H 6 ], hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), tetrachlorosilane (TCS), disilylamine (DSA), trisilylamine (TSA), bis(tertiary-butylamino)silane (BTBAS), and diisopropylaminosilane (DIPAS) may be used. 
     Also, as a hydrocarbon gas used as the carbon film forming gas, one or more gases selected from the group consisting of acetylene, ethylene, methane, ethane, propane, and butane may be used. Also, in the film forming apparatus, the processing container  8  having the double pipe structure is used. However, alternatively, the present invention may be applied to a film forming apparatus using a processing container having a single pipe structure. 
     Also, a semiconductor wafer is used as the object to be processed, wherein examples of the semiconductor wafer include a silicon substrate and semiconductor substrates of compounds such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), silicon carbide (SIC), and gallium nitride (GaN). Moreover, alternatively, the present invention may be applied to a glass substrate, a ceramic substrate, or the like used in a liquid crystal display apparatus. 
     According to the film forming apparatus and the method of operating the same of the present invention, the following excellent effects may be obtained: 
     Particles may be suppressed from being generated by improving an adhesion of a carbon film to surfaces of members of a quartz material contacting a processing space in a processing container. 
     While this invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.