Patent Publication Number: US-2010129488-A1

Title: Continuous formation of center-filled gum

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/007,770, filed on Dec. 8, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,378,116, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/226,386, filed on Aug. 23, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,838,098, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/656,820, filed on Sep. 7, 2000, and now U.S. Pat. No. 6,472,001. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Method, system, and apparatus for continuously forming center-filled gum, particularly for continuously forming individual sealed pieces of liquid-filled gum from a continuous rope or strand. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Liquid or center filled gum and other confectionery products are in popular demand today. These products have a hard or solid exterior portion or shell and a soft or liquid center. The outer portion can be chewing gum or bubble gum of some type, while the liquid center portion can be a flavored material typically having a syrup-like consistency. 
     There are numerous mechanisms and systems known today for forming liquid-filled gum and other confectionery products. One of these systems is shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,857,963 to Graff et al. Although many of these known mechanisms and processes operate satisfactorily and produce acceptable results, there are a number of mechanical and processing concerns which need improvement. In particular, there is a need for faster, high volume systems as well as systems which are more efficient, easier to operate, and have fewer mechanical breakdowns. 
     One of the difficulties in the art of gum manufacturing is the fact that the gum products are tacky and have a tendency to stick or adhere to molds and operating machinery. Thus, it is recognized that gum producing mechanisms need to be operated at low temperatures, such as minus one hundred degrees Fahrenheit (−100.degree. F.). At these low temperatures, however, the costs of operation increase and the operation of machinery become more difficult. For example, oils and greases can congeal into non-fluid masses, thereby reducing the lubricating ability of the materials and causing increased friction of moving parts. This also causes additional heat load on the moving parts resulting in less efficient high-speed operation. 
     It is also necessary with some known low-temperature gum forming operations to cool virtually the entire machinery, including all of the rotating parts. This is particularly true with systems which utilize rotating piece-producing drum members wherein the products are in contact with the drum members virtually the entire circumference of the drum. Cooling in these systems is typically done with super cooled air or gas to provide the necessary low temperatures. Cooling all parts of the apparatus, however, creates significant additional expense, as well as further mechanical and friction difficulties in the operation of the machinery. 
     It has also been known to be problems with rotating gum forming equipment to effectively feed a rope or strand of gum material into the rotating machinery and to insure that all of the formed pieces of gum material are removed or stripped from the rotating machinery. It is also known that rotating gum forming machinery often “chips” or clips off pieces of the individual gum pieces as they are formed. This creates unnecessary waste of material and, if the material has a liquid portion, can result in “leakers” which can cause stoppage and/or breakdowns of the machinery, as well as undesirable final products. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide improved mechanisms and systems for producing center-filled gum products. It is also an object of the present invention to provide improved systems for continuously producing pieces of center-filled gum from continuous ropes or strands of gum material. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to produce rotating gum forming mechanisms and systems which prevent the undesirable removal of small portions of the gum products as they are formed. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide continuous gum manufacturing mechanisms and systems in which it is unnecessary to cool any or all of the various components of the machinery, and in fact where portions of the machinery can be heated to improve performance. It is another object of the present invention to provide improved gum manufacturing mechanisms and systems which produces center-filled gum products on a faster and more efficient basis. 
     It is still another object of the present invention to provide continuous gum forming mechanisms and systems in which ropes or strands of gum material are fed into the systems in a faster and more efficient manner. It is a still further object of the present invention to provide mechanisms to insure removal and/or stripping of formed gum material from continuous gum forming mechanisms and systems. 
     Other objects of the present invention include providing improved methods of producing center-filled gum products from continuous ropes or strands of gum material, such methods including steps such as reducing the tackiness of the gum material, providing optimum registry of the die cavities and matrix ring, and/or providing improved stabilization of plunger members. 
     These and other objects are met by the unique and inventive gum forming mechanisms, systems and methods in accordance with the present invention. The systems include extrusion and gum forming mechanisms with rotating drum members which produce center-filled gum pieces on a faster, more efficient and less costly basis. 
     The gum forming mechanisms include sizing and transport tables which convey sized ropes of gum material to the rotating drum mechanisms. The rotating drum mechanisms have rotating matrix die rings and rotating cutter rings, both with mating die halves which together form complete molds or dies which separate, shape, and form the gum pieces. A series of cam-operated plunger members are positioned in the drum mechanism on opposite sides of the die members in order to help shape and form the individual pieces of gum. In accordance with one feature of the present invention, axial movement of the plunger members is stabilized by flat-sided rail members positioned adjacent guide members. 
     The die halve members in the rotating cutter ring have slanted or angled surfaces relative to the longitudinal direction of the die cavities in order to prevent slicing or chipping of small portions of the gum products as the plunger members form the gum products in the mating dies and transfer them to the matrix ring. The curved surfaces in the cutter ring are slanted on compound angles to create optimum registry with the die cavities in the matrix ring. 
     Also, an air-assist feed chute is provided which utilizes streams of pressurized air to transfer the gum rope from the sizing table to the rotating drum member. A stripper mechanism is positioned to insure removal of the formed gum products as they are ejected from the dies and matrix ring. 
     Portions of the gum forming mechanisms and systems can be selectively heated or cooled to improve the efficiency and performance of the machinery and system. The sizing rollers and gum forming can be cooled by use of a cooled gas. The mechanism which rotates the drum members and operates the cams and plungers members can be heated (or at least not cooled) in order to improve efficiency and performance. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, it is possible to produce the center-filled gum products with minimal or no cooling, preferably by spraying the gum material with an oil or oil-based material. The punch faces can also be sprayed with an oil or oil-based material to reduce the tendency of the gum material to stick to them. The punch heads can also be modified to provide more clearance with the matrix and cutting rings. 
     With the present invention, liquid-filled pieces of gum are formed in a faster and more efficient manner than with known processes and systems. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  schematically illustrates a continuous center-filled gum forming system in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 1A  is a cross-sectional view of the center-filled gum material shown in  FIG. 1 , the cross-section being taken along lines  1 A- 1 A thereof; 
         FIG. 2  depicts a gum forming mechanism in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is an enlarged view up of a portion of the gum forming mechanism in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates another portion of the gum forming mechanism in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic illustration of the rotating matrix die ring and cutter ring in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is an enlarged view of the die groove members and cam-operated plunger members forming pieces of gum material in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIGS. 7 and 8  are schematic partial cross-sectional views showing formation of the gum products in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 7A  is a cross-sectional view taken along lines  7 A- 7 A in  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a portion of the cutter ring showing the die halves with slanted wall surfaces; 
         FIG. 9A  is an end view of one of the cutter ring grooves shown in  FIG. 9 ; 
         FIG. 10  is another schematic illustration of the rotating matrix die ring and cutter ring, along with the stripper mechanism; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a stripper mechanism in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates an alternate stripper mechanism in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 13  is another schematic illustration of the rotating matrix die ring and cutter ring, along with the feed chute; 
         FIGS. 14 ,  15  and  16  are various views of a feed chute in accordance with the present invention, with  FIG. 14  being a side view,  FIG. 15  being a top view and  FIG. 16  being a bottom view; 
         FIG. 17  schematically illustrates a cutter ring and matrix die ring in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 18  is an elongated view of portions of the cutter ring and matrix ring; 
         FIGS. 19 and 20  are cross-section views of the cutter ring and matrix ring during formation of an individual gum product; 
         FIG. 21  is an elevational view of the cutter ring and matrix ring showing registration thereof in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 22  is an elongated schematic view of a portion of the cutter ring in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIGS. 23A and 23B  together show a cross-section of a gum forming mechanism in accordance with the present invention; and 
         FIGS. 24-26  illustrate preferred punch guide members and guide rails in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S) 
       FIG. 1  shows an extrusion machine  20  and a gum forming mechanism  22 . The extrusion machine  20  can be of any conventional type and includes a liquid filling mechanism  24 . The liquid filling mechanism is utilized to insert a stream of liquid material in the center of the gum  25  as it is being formed and extruded by the extrusion machine. Mechanisms to form center-fill gum and other confectionery products are known in the art and no further description is required here. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1A , the gum material  25  is extruded in a continuous rope or strand having a generally circular cross-section. The gum material  25  includes an outer core or shell  26  of chewing gum or bubble gum material and an inner core  28  of a liquid or softer material. In this regard, centers of liquid filled gum products are flavored and typically have a liquid or a syrup-like consistency. 
     The rope of gum material  25  is conveyed to the gum forming mechanism  22  in any standard manner. If the extruder  20  and forming mechanism  22  are positioned immediately adjacent one another, the strand of rope  25  can simply be directly inserted into the forming mechanism  22  (as shown). A conventional conveyor mechanism (not shown) could also be utilized. 
     Once the pieces of formed gum material  50  are formed by the forming mechanism  22 , they are transported by a conveyor mechanism  28  to a cooling tunnel or mechanism  30 . The formed and cooled pieces of material which exit the cooling mechanism  30  then can be processed in any conventional manner. For example, the products can be fed directly to a packaging mechanism or system where the pieces of material are wrapped and placed into shipping boxes or containers. Alternatively, the products could be transported to a cooled room or staging area for further cooling or storage prior to packaging. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the gum forming mechanism  22  comprises a gum transport section  32 , together with a piece-forming section  34  consisting of a rotating drum mechanism  40  which continuously forms pieces of liquid-filled gum  50 . 
     The gum transport section  32  includes a table member  36  and a control panel  38 , as also shown in  FIG. 3 . The table member  36  has a feeding mechanism  42  positioned at one end and a series of pairs of roller members  44 A,  44 B,  44 C,  44 D, and  44 E positioned along the surface of the table. The rope of gum material  25  is pulled gently along the table  36 , first by the roller members  44 A- 44 E, then by the feed chute member  60  (described below), and then by the rotating drum mechanism  40  once the process is in full operation. The sets or pairs of roller members  44 A,  44 B,  44 C, and  44 D assist in sizing and transporting the gum rope  25  along the top of the table member  36 . The final set of roller members  44 E at the end of section  32  are used to guide the rope of gum material into the feed chute member  60  and the individual piece forming section  34 . 
     The feeding mechanism  42  includes a cone-shaped forming die  43  which reduces the size of the rope  25  from several inches in diameter as it leaves the extruder  20  to a smaller diameter depending on the material as it enters the forming and sizing portion of the table member  36 . The forming die  43  can be heated slightly by a heater mechanism  39  in order to maintain it at an appropriate temperature for both squeezing the gum material and at the same time allowing it to pass easily through the die. 
     A rope thickness sensor  41  is positioned above the table member  36  and directed to measure the size (diameter) of the rope of gum material  25  as it exits the reducing die  43 . The sensor can be of any conventional type, but preferably is an ultrasonic sensor. The measurements taken by the sensor  41  are fed into the control panel  38  and the speed of travel of the rope  25  on the table member  36  is adjusted accordingly in order to provide the proper size, diameter and amount of gum material entering the forming dies. The rope of gum material is reduced approximately 50-75% in size (diameter) from the time it is extruded from the extruder  20  to the time it enters the piece forming section  34 . For example, a reduction from 4.5 inches to 1.5 inches is typical. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the rope of gum material is preferably not stretched tightly along the top of the table member  36 . Instead, the rope of gum material is conveyed along the transport section  32  at a consistent speed and has a slackened section  25 ′ prior to entering the piece forming section  34 . 
     The slackened portion  25 ′ of the rope material is positioned on an angled platform  33  and constantly measured by a sensor arm  37 . The angled platform insures that the curve of the slackened portion  25 ′ is directed in a certain direction (helped by gravity). The sensor arm  37  has a plurality of sensor members which provide an indication of the direction and amount of bend or slack  25 ′ in the gum rope  25 . The data read by the sensors is fed into the control panel  38 . If the slack in the gum rope is too large or too small, the speed of travel of the gum rope on the table member is adjusted accordingly. 
     Preferably, the main transport portion of the section  32  is kept at a reduced temperature in order to prevent the gum material from sticking to the roller members. For this purpose, cooled air or gas is directed toward the roller members from tubular members  47  connected to a source of cooled air  49 . Tubular members are positioned along both sides of the roller members. Individual nozzles  47 A direct cooling air directly at the surface of each roller to maintain it at a prespecified temperature. The temperature of the roller members  44 A- 44 E on the table member  36  is typically maintained below −90.degree. F., although the actual temperature will vary with the material and production rate. In order to control costs of manufacture, the temperature should be just cold enough to support production. If necessary, a housing member (not shown) could be positioned over the roller members in order to help maintain the overall temperatures of the rollers at a prespecified temperature or within a prespecified temperature range. 
     The gum forming mechanism  22  is positioned on a series of supports and/or leg members, such as members  27 , and also includes a cover or housing member  48  which is adapted to slide over and enclose the rotating drum mechanism  40 —both for operator safety and for maintenance of certain operating temperatures of the gum forming mechanisms. Windows  52  in the cover member  48  can be provided to allow the operator to visually inspect the piece forming operation. 
     The rotating drum mechanism  40  has a rotating drum member  61  positioned in a pair of stationary drum housings  62  and  64  (see  FIGS. 3 and 4 ). Housing member  62  is attached to the gum forming mechanism  22  and encloses a first portion of the rotating drum member  61 . The housing member  64  is attached to the end of a stationary shaft member  68  centrally positioned inside the drum member  61 . The housing member  64  encloses a second portion of the rotating drum member. A gap  66  is left between the two housing portions  62  and  64 . A rotating spindle member (not shown) operated by the gum forming mechanism  22  is positioned around the stationary shaft member and is connected to the drum member  61  and rotates it relative to the housing portions  62  and  64 . 
     In order to increase the life of the bearings and other portions of the rotating spindle member relative to the stationary member and allow the drum member  61  to freely rotate without undesirable friction when portions or all of the drum mechanism is cooled, a heater member  70 , such as a cartridge heater, can be positioned inside the stationary spindle member  68  (see  FIG. 2 ). In order to monitor the temperature of the cartridge heater  70 , a thermocouple  72  or the like is also positioned in the stationary spindle member  68 . For this purpose, elongated channels or passageways are formed longitudinally in the spindle member  68  for positioning of the cartridge heater member  70  and thermocouple  72 . The heater member  70  allows the bearings, rotating components and lubrication therefor relative to rotation of the drum member  61  to be kept at an appropriate operating temperature and not be overly cooled which could adversely affect efficiency and output performance. Keeping the operating members at normal operating temperatures also results in less breakdowns and repair of the rotating and moving mechanisms. The components also have increased durability and life, resulting in less tooling, maintenance and repair costs. 
     The drum member  61  includes a first plurality of cam operated plunger members  80  and a second plurality of cam operated plunger members  82  (see  FIG. 6 ). The plunger members are positioned on opposite sides of a die matrix ring  83  which has a plurality of die halves  84  around its outer periphery. The cam operated plunger members  80  and  82 , as well as the die ring  83 , have a common center along with the drum member  60  relative to the central shaft member  68 . 
     A cutter ring member  90  is provided on the outside of the die ring  83  and is adapted to rotate in the same direction. The cutter ring member  90  is supported by a three guide rollers  91 ,  92  and  93  and has a plurality of mating die halve members  95  around its inner periphery. One or more of the guide roller members (e.g. roller member  92 ) are tensioned in order to hold the cutter ring member in position and to rotate with the die ring member  82  and drum member  61 . Once the gum forming system is in operation and the rope of gum material is being pulled and rotated around the rotating die member  61  and die ring member  82 , the cutting ring will rotate along with them and at the same speed. 
     The die halve members  84  on the die ring member  83  and the die halve members  95  on the cutter ring member  90  mate together to form dies or molds for formation of the individual pieces of gum products. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the rope of gum material  25  is inserted into the converging gap  96  between the matrix die ring and cutter ring and cut into individuals pieces at the area or portion  98  where the two mating semi-circular die groove members come together forming circular dies. Thereafter, the cut pieces of gum material  50  are held in place and compressed by the cam operated plunger members  80  and  82 , as described below, as the individual pieces continue their rotation around the die ring member until they are stripped or removed therefrom and fall into a conveyor member  28  for transport to the cooling mechanism  30 . 
     As shown in the drawings, the die halves can have semi-circular grooves resulting in the formation of circular (cylindrical) die molds for similarly shaped product. It is understood, however, that the die halves can have any shape depending on the desired shape of the final products. The outer ends or edges of the semi-circular die half members  84  and  95  meet or make contact in order to provide an effective mechanism for cutting and separating the rope of gum material into individual pieces. 
     A schematic view of the plunger members  80  and  82 , the die members, and the cam mechanisms used to operate the plunger members, as well as the formation of the individual pieces of gum material, are set forth in  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 6  schematically illustrates the operation of these mechanisms in a planar view for ease of reference. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the series of plunger members  82  comprise individual rod members  100  and punch beads  102 . The rod members are positioned in corresponding holes or openings  103  and  104  in support rings  105  and  106 , respectively. Rider members  108  ensure that the plunger members move longitudinally only within a certain length of travel. The rider members are affixed to rod members  100 . 
     The plunger members  82  are moved longitudinally by a tension mechanism  110 , such as an air bladder, which is positioned along the outer surface of the drum member  60  (see  FIG. 3 ). Air pressure within the member  110  can be adjusted, as desired, in order to affect the movement and functioning of the plunger members. In this regard, as shown in  FIG. 6 , the tension mechanism  110  moves the plunger members  82  longitudinally as the cam members  112  ride along the outer surface of the member  110  in the sequence illustrated. 
     The operation, movement and structure of the plunger members  80  is similar to plunger members  82 , although a conventional pressure roller mechanism is used to operate the longitudinal movement of the plunger members  80 . The pressure roller mechanism is schematically shown and referred to by the reference numeral  114 . Each of the plunger members  80  includes a elongated rod member  116  and a punch bead  118 . The rod members  116  are positioned and guided through openings  119  and  120  in support ring members  121  and  122 . Each of the plunger members  80  have a cam follower member  124  at its outer end. The cam follower members are positioned in slot  126  formed by outer and inner cams  270  and  271  and operate in conjunction with pressure roller  114 . Again, similar to the plunger members  82 , the plunger members  80  move longitudinally in the sequence illustrated in  FIG. 6 . 
     When  FIGS. 5 and 6  are viewed together, the sequential formation of the individual gum pieces  50  from the gum rope  25  is illustrated. As the gum rope  25  enters the cutting section  98  where the die members  84  and  95  come together, the plunger members  80  and  82  are positioned such that the punch beads  102  and  118  are not in contact with the matrix die ring, cutter ring member, or gum material. As the gum material moves along the outer peripheral or circumference of the die ring member and thus from the right to left direction in  FIG. 6  (and counter-clockwise in  FIG. 5 ), the plunger members  80  are activated by the outer cam member  270  and act to move the cut-off pieces of gum material from the die members into openings in a matrix ring  130 . The matrix ring  130  is attached to the drum member  61  and is positioned immediately alongside the die ring member. The matrix ring  130  has a series of die holes or openings  132  substantially the same shape as the punch heads, as well as the final formed gum process. This structure and sequence of steps is also shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 . 
     The front surfaces  102 A and  118 A of the punch heads  102  and  118 , respectively, have product shapes, such as the concave curved shapes shown in the drawings, in order to form outer surfaces on the pieces of gum material  50 . Many shapes could be used and logos added if desired, by changing the shape of the surfaces  102 A and  118 A. 
     The half die members  95  in the cutter ring member  90  have slanted surfaces  95 A in the longitudinal (axial) direction of the die halves. This is shown in  FIGS. 9 and 9A , as well as  FIGS. 7 and 8 . The slanted surfaces  95 A in the die members allows the punch heads  118  of the plunger members  80  to easily and efficiently enter into the die groove members  95 , pass entirely therethrough (as shown in  FIG. 8 ), and move the individual pieces of gum material  50  into the openings  132  in the matrix ring  130 . The slanted surfaces also allow such process to take place at a higher rate of speed and without undesirable removal of edge/corner portions (“chips” or “slices”) of the gum pieces. In this regard, during the piece-forming process, both the die ring member  83  and cutter ring member  90  are rotating with the die groove members  84  and  95  coming together to pinch and cut the rope material into individual gum pieces and then separating or diverging (as better shown in  FIG. 5 ). The slanted surfaces  95 A in the die grooves of the cutter ring member  90  prevent pinching of the edges or corners of the pieces of gum material which forms small pieces or “chips” of material. The formation of the chips creates a waste of gum material, and also provides small pieces of gum material which can often cause difficulties with subsequent operation of the machinery and/or formation of acceptable final products. 
     The elimination of the small chips from the pieces of gum materials can save up to 10-15% of waste or salvage material. Also, with center-filled gum products, the pinching and chipping could result in products with thin wall sections possibly allowing the liquid center material  28  to leak or be squeezed out of the pieces of gum material when they are compressed together by the two plunger members forming the final shape of the product. Leaking gum pieces (called “leakers”) are undesirable since the leaked liquid material can cause problems in the operation of the machinery, as well as problems in the further transport and packaging of the gum pieces. Leaking formed gum products are typically unacceptable for use as commercial products. The mess and inconvenience to consumers in handling a leaking piece of center-filled gum are obvious. 
     Continuing with  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the two sets of plunger members  80  and  82  come together in the matrix ring openings  132  to form the final size and width of the gum pieces  50 . This section and position is indicated by the reference numeral  140  in  FIG. 6  and also shown in  FIG. 8 . A combination of the pressure from the plunger members and the cooled temperatures caused by the circulation of cooled air (as explained below), sets and retains the pieces of gum material in their final shapes. At this point, the pieces of gum material  50  are centered in the openings  132  in the matrix ring member  130 . Thereafter, the plunger members  82  are withdrawn from the openings  132  and returned to their rest positions as shown at  142 . At the same time, the plunger members  80  are extended further longitudinally (axially) such that the plunger or punch heads  118  fully push the formed pieces of gum material  50  out of the openings  132  in the matrix ring  130 . This is shown in the area indicated by reference number  144  in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . At this point, the pieces of gum material  50  fall along support  150  and onto the conveyor  28  for transport to the cooling mechanism  30 . A stripper mechanism  160  (as described in more detail below), is also provided at that point to insure that the formed pieces of gum material are removed from the die ring member  83  and thus do not continue to rotate with the die ring member nor create problems with the formation of new gum pieces from the gum rope  25 . 
     In the preferred embodiments, 35-80 pairs of plunger members are provided. Each die member has a pair of plunger members associated with it, one on each side thereof and in axial alignment with it (and thus with each other). The plunger members are normally biased to the refracted positions. The biased forces can be supplied by spring members  99  on the elongated shaft members, although other equivalent biasing mechanisms could be utilized. As shown in  FIG. 6 , the spring members are positioned between the support members and rider members. 
     Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in  FIGS. 17-22 . This embodiment can be utilized with all of the other features and aspects of the mechanism and system described above, or can be utilized with a system in which there is no cooling of the rotating drum mechanism. In the latter system, a fine mist of a food grade oil or an oil-based material is sprayed on the die cavities and material engaging surfaces of the punch heads before the rope of gum material makes contact with the die cavities. The oil temporarily reduces or eliminates the stickiness of the gum material and allows it to be cut and processed by the cutter ring, matrix ring and plunger members without the need to cool them with cooled air or nitrogen gas. In the alternative or in addition, it is also possible to apply the oil material directly on the rope of gum material. 
     The embodiment of the invention shown in  FIGS. 17-22  provides improved formation of the individual pieces of gum material and reduces the amount of formed products which may leak. In accordance with this embodiment, the flat surfaces or edges between the die cavities which are used to cut the rope of gum material into separate pieces are widened. This pinches the material in an improved manner at the edges of the pieces being formed and provides a better seal for encapsulating the liquid material in the center of the gum material. 
     Also, the semi-cylindrical surfaces of the die cavities on the cutter ring are slanted at compound angles in the longitudinal (axial) direction of the die cavities. This provides a full piloting arrangement of the cutter ring die cavity with the matrix ring die cavity at the time that the individual pieces of gum material are being moved into the cylindrical die cavities in the matrix ring. 
     In  FIG. 17 , the matrix ring  200  is shown schematically in operative association with the cutter ring  210 . As indicated above, the cutter ring has a larger number of die cavities and punches (for example, 48 in one embodiment) than the matrix ring (for example, 38 in that same embodiment). The die cavities  212  in the cutter ring are half-cylindrical in shape with surfaces slanted in the axial (longitudinal direction) of the full die cavities. The matrix ring  200  has half-die cavity portions  202  for mating with the half-die cavities  212  of the cutter ring along with full 360.degree. die cavity portions  204 . The full die cavities  204  are axially aligned with the half-die cavities  202 . Two plunger members  220  are also shown in  FIG. 17 . These are only representative of the full series or set of plunger members which are utilized with the invention. Only two plunger members are shown for ease of viewing of the matrix and cutter rings. 
     As better shown in FIGS.  18  and  21 - 27 , the surfaces  212 A of the half die cavities  212  form a compound curved or compound angled surface in order to create improved registry and mating with the half die cavities  202  and the full die cavities  204  in the matrix ring. This provides wide and flatter surfaces  214  between the half-die cavities  212  in the cutter ring  210  to mate with the wide, flat surfaces  206  between the half die cavities  202  in the matrix ring  200 . 
     Plunger members  220  and opposed plunger members  230 , as shown in  FIGS. 19 and 20 , enter the die cavities in the matrix and cutter rings from the opposite direction. This is in the same manner and for the same purpose as described above. The rope of liquid-filled gum material is cut into individual pieces  50  by the mating of the two half-die cavities  202  and  212 . The individual pieces of gum material  50  are then pushed into the full die cavities  204  in the matrix ring by cam members where they are squeezed and formed into final shape by the punch heads  222  and  232 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 18-20 , as well as  FIGS. 23A and 23B , the punch heads are formed with beveled or chamfered relief areas  224  and  234 . These areas provide clearance for the punch heads when they are inserted and removed from the die cavities as the matrix and cutter rings are rotating and coming together and then separating. 
     As indicated above, the wide, flat surfaces  206  and  214  can pinch the gum material in an improved manner on the edges of the individual pieces as they are being cut and formed. This provides a better seal of the gum material around the inner liquid material and thus reduces or minimizes the amount of leaking products which are formed with the present invention. 
     Even though a nitrogen-free gum forming system can be utilized with the present invention, the rope of gum material and feed rollers are cooled in the gum transport section preceding the drum mechanism, and in subsequent processing sections and systems. The rope of gum material is also preferably cooled as it exits the extruder and as it passes through the sizing die. 
     In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gum material used for the rope of liquid-filled gum material is subjected to two extrusion procedures. In the first procedure, the gum material is manufactured and extruded in flat sheets of material where it is uniformly coded. Thereafter, the material is introduced into a second extruder which reshapes it into a rope of material. 
     Also, it is possible to spray an oil mist or other non-toxic and edible lubricant on the front gum-engaging faces or surfaces of the punch heads in order to further minimize and prevent sticking of the gum products in the inventive mechanism. The front faces of the punch heads could also be coated with Teflon or another conventional non-stick coating for the same purpose. 
     With a drum mechanism having thirty-eight die cavities in the matrix ring and forty-eight die cavities in the cutter ring, it is preferable to have at least 4 locations where a full registry alignment between the two half-die cavities is maintained. The precise number will depend on the actual number of die cavities provided in the matrix and cutter rings. 
     If desired, in order to provide plunger members, cam members and other operating members having better durability and wear, the members can be heat treated or made from a more durable material, such as stainless steel. 
       FIGS. 24-26  illustrate a preferred system for stabilizing and guiding the plunger members in accordance with the present invention.  FIG. 24  is an elevational view of a drum member  64 ′ showing a series of rider members  250  which are attached to and used to support and guide the individual plunger members  230 . (The plunger members  230  are not shown in  FIGS. 24-26  for ease of viewing the rider and guide rail members, but are shown in  FIGS. 23A-23B .) A circular array of rider members  250  are positioned on drum member  64 ′. The rod members  240  of the plunger members  230  are positioned in bores  242  in the rider members. The rider members are secured to the plunger members by pins (not shown) positioned in bores  252  in the rider members and holes  254  in the plunger members. Guide pin members  260  are positioned in-between each of the rider members  250 . The elongated guide pin members  260  are generally circular in cross-section with two flat surfaces  262 ,  264  generally opposed to each other. The flat surfaces  262 ,  264  are in contact with the sides of the rider members  250  and guide and stabilize the rider members. This allows the plunger members to reciprocate smoothly and accurately relative to the die cavities. 
     The stripper member  160  is shown in more detail in  FIGS. 10 and 11 . The stripper member  160  has a stripper finger  162 , preferably made of a plastic material, attached to a curved body member  164  which in turn is attached to a base or plate member  166 . The curvature of the body member allows placement of the stripper member closely around the drum member  60 . The body member  164  is preferably hollow and has a plurality of openings  168  for supply of cooled air to the die members. The cooled air is supplied through inlet  170  and passes into a chamber (not shown) in the body  164  where it is allowed to exit from openings  168 . The cooled air ejected from openings  168  is directed against the two sets of die members  84  and  95  in order to keep their surfaces at a low temperature and prevent sticking of the gum material. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , the stripper member  160  is positioned such that the stripper finger  162  is positioned with its pointed end  163  immediately adjacent outside the openings  132  in the matrix ring  130  and the corresponding die members in the die ring  83 . The stripper finger  162  insures that any formed pieces of gum material  50  which do not fall by gravity from the rotating drum member  60  are physically removed before they can interfere with formation of additional pieces of material from the gum rope  25 . 
     The base or plate member  166  of the stripper member  160  is attached to the die forming mechanism  22  by one or more support bracket members  169  (see  FIG. 4 ). For convenience in showing the stripper member  160  in  FIG. 10 , the feed chute member  60  is only partially illustrated. (Likewise, in  FIG. 13 , the stripper member  160  is only partially shown in order to allow full viewing of the feed chute member  60 ). 
     An alternate embodiment  160 ′ of the stripper member is shown in  FIG. 12 . In this embodiment, the stripper member includes a stripper finger  162  and a tubular member  172  which has a plurality of openings  174  therein for ejection of cooled air. The stripper member of  160 ′ can be attached to the die forming mechanism  22  in any conventional manner. 
     The feed chute member  60  is particularly shown in  FIGS. 13-16 .  FIG. 13  shows the location of installation of the feed chute member relative to the rotating die ring and cutter ring members, while  FIGS. 14 ,  15  and  16  are side, top and bottom views, respectively, of the preferred feed chute member. 
     The feed chute member  60  provides conveyance of the rope of gum material  25  from the forming and sizing table section  36  to the individual piece forming section on the drum member  60  in the system. Without the feed chute member  60 , conveying the end of the extruded rope member  25  and inserting it into position between the diverging die half members on the die ring and cutter ring members would be difficult and time consuming. The feed chute member  60  includes an elongated housing member  182 , a curved diverter plate  150  and a pair of curved guide members  183  and  184 . The feed chute member  60  is positioned relative to the die ring member  82  and cutter ring member  90  as shown in  FIG. 13 . The housing member  182  is attached to the sizing and support table  36  by a conventional bracket member  186  or the like. A support plate  188  supports the curved diverter or deflector plate member  150  and holds the plate member  150  securely to the housing member  182  of the feed chute member  60 . 
     The rope of gum material  25  is pulled and assisted through the feed chute member  60  by “jets” or streams of pressurized air. In this regard, pressurized air is introduced through openings  190  and  191  into opposite inside walls of the housing member  182  which act to pull along the rope of gum material  25  through the housing member  182 . An additional stream or jet of air is directed along the bottom or underside of the rope of gum material through conduit  192 . The pressurized air from conduit  192  “floats” and supports the rope of gum material  25  as it exits the housing member  182  and is transported to the cutting area  98  between the sets of die members. 
     In order to maintain the die members  84  and  95  at a cooled temperature in order to prevent the gum material from sticking to the die surfaces, cooled air is introduced and directed to the portion of the rotating drum member  60  in the gap  66  between the two portions or housing members  62  and  64 . For this purpose, a pair of plate members  200  and  202  are attached to the cover or housing member  48  (see  FIG. 4 ). The plate members are substantially parallel to one another and form a chamber or cavity  201  between them which opens along the die ring cutter ring members. The cavity  201  between the plate members  200  and  202  is filled by cooled air from conduit  204 . The plate members have curved profiles adjacent the drum member  60  in order to closely align with it and direct and guide the cooling air against the die members and prevent the cooled air from escaping and cooling other parts or portions of the drum member and operating mechanism. The cooled air in chamber  201  is directed towards die ring member  82 , cutter ring member  90  and their respective die members. 
     The cooled air is preferably supplied at temperatures below −80.degree. F. The air can be supplied by conventional two-stage refrigerated compressed air mechanisms, although other systems can also be utilized, including the cooled gas systems. 
     At the same time that the gum cutting, shaping, and forming components of the rotating drum member are being cooled, other portions and components of the system and mechanism are being heated or maintained at higher temperatures so that their efficiency and performance are not adversely affected. These components particularly include the plunger members and cam mechanisms, together with their related moving components. For this purpose, inlets  210  and  220  are provided on the drum housing portions  62  and  64 , respectively. The inlets  210  and  220  allow ambient or heated air to be drawn or introduced into housing portions  62  and  64 . The air is exhausted through outlets  240  and  242 . A compressor  230  can be used, if desired, to help circulate the air. The blanket of warmer air supplied or formed in the two drum housing portions  62  and  64  helps maintain the cam followers and airbags at normal temperatures. 
     The basic platform for use with the extruder mechanism  20  and gum forming mechanism  22  can be a typical candy forming machine manufactured by Bosch, Hansella, Executive, Euromec, and others. The extruder  20  can be of any conventional type. In the extrusion machine, previously processed gum material is introduced into hopper  21  and then into a single or pair of rotating screw members which massage the gum material and extrude it through a die in the form of a rope of gum material. 
     With the present invention, the speed of the gum forming machinery is increased, thus resulting in an increased production of gum material. As indicated, the preferred cooling material for use with the present invention is simply cooled air. With the present invention, however, the amount of cooling air or gas necessary to cool portions of the gum forming machinery and components is reduced, perhaps as much as 50%, from conventional rotating gum and candy forming systems. This is a result of subjecting only a portion of the gum forming components to a cooling process, while at the same time maintaining the temperature of other components closer to their normal operating temperatures. 
     In accordance with the present invention, the plunger members  80  and  82  are easier to lubricate. The operating temperatures of the plunger members are not maintained as low as with known processes, and thus the difficulties experienced with the setting or gelling of plunger lubrication (and thus problems with the resulting heat build-up and friction forces) are not significant. For example, it is unnecessary to heat oil or other fluid utilized to lubricate the movement of the plunger members. Oil provided to the present mechanism at room temperature is sufficient. With increased and more effective lubrication of the plunger members and other operating mechanisms, the inventive mechanism and system is more durable and should have a longer life. 
     Also, with one embodiment of the present invention, cooling of the gum forming matrix and cutter rings is unnecessary. 
     The present invention provides a more efficient continuous manufacturing system for liquid or center-filled gum. Pieces of liquid-filled gum material are produced on a faster and more efficient process than with known processes. In this regard, it is anticipated that the capacity of the present system will be approximately double over known systems and that the system can be utilized without any additional labor expense. 
     The improved efficiencies of the present invention are due in part to the ease of starting of the process, the reduction in waste of gum material, the fact that breakdowns and jams are fewer and easier to clear, the fact that the gum material has minimal contact with the metal and moving members, and the fact that cooling costs are greatly reduced. 
     Also, with the present invention, the gum material seals around the liquid center in a better manner. This provides a better quality product with fewer leaking pieces of gum. This also results in fewer production shut-downs and less maintenance. 
     While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, numerous variations and alternate embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only in terms of the appended claims.