Patent Publication Number: US-10316278-B2

Title: Systems and methods for wine processing

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation, filed under 37 CFR 1.53(b), of U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 14/826,111 and, therefore, claims the benefit of the earlier filing date of the &#39;111 application under 35 U.S.C. § 120. U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 14/826,111 claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/093,356, filed Dec. 17, 2014 and entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR WINE PROCESSING,” and is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/825,888, filed Aug. 13, 2015 and entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR WINE PRESERVATION,” the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Automatic espresso makers have transformed the consumer coffee experience. Instead of making a pot of coffee, consumers can now hit a button and a computer would grind the beans, heat the water, tamp it down, and electronically dispense the perfect cup of coffee. Most people just want a great cup of coffee in the morning, and a great glass of wine at night, yet there is no way to have a perfect wine by the glass experience. 
     One of the critical elements is serving temperature. Every wine has a proper serving temperature. Each varietal requires a different temperature to maximize both aromas and flavor. Maintaining wine at these serving temperatures is incredibly difficult with current technology. Each wine varietal requires a different temperature to maximize both aroma and flavor, and some people prefer to deviate from the recommended serving temperature for a given wine, preferring it either colder or warmer temperature than recommended. 
     Traditional home refrigerators are typically far too cold to be used to chill a wine to serving temperature, so they are not effective. The use of ice buckets also severely flawed because the wine begins too warm and ultimately gets too cold as ice is below 32 degrees. Moreover, the temperature of the wine within a bottle can vary wildly, with the temperature of the wine along the bottle (i.e., that is in close contact with the ice) may be far cooler than the wine in the center of the bottle. 
     Dedicated wine refrigerators have been introduced to chill different types of wine to different temperatures for long-term storage. These refrigerators are generally not, however, effective for cooling a single bottle of wine to serving temperature, as they typically chill all red wines to a single aging temperature and are not able to chill each varietal independently. Further, some wines actually need to be warmed after exiting the wine refrigerator to reach the proper serving temperature, and there are no systems that contain an integrated heating method to accomplish this. Still further, the moment the bottle is removed from the refrigerator it comes into contact with the ambient air and begins to warm to room temperature. As a result, these systems are not effective for the serving of wine. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure overcome these and other issues and allow each individual bottle of wine to be brought to its perfect serving temperature and this serving temperature maintained. 
     Additionally, wine suffers from an incredible sensitivity to oxygen, which can turn expensive wine into worthless vinegar within days. Worse, the older the wine, the more sensitive it is to oxygen, putting the rarest and most expensive bottles the most at risk. 
     Some previous attempts to assist consumers, restaurants, and wineries in solving this problem include the use of vacuum pump-based systems, but such systems are known to have numerous issues ranging from their inability to create a true vacuum seal, to the speed at which the vacuum seal dissipates, to the claims that the vacuum process removes the much-desired aromas from the wine, actually making it worse. 
     Other conventional solutions have attempted to take advantage of several naturally occurring gases, known as “inert gases” that are known to have no effect on wine. Such gasses include Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn). Argon is particularly suitable because it is heavier than oxygen and can therefore displace oxygen in a bottle. Nitrogen, and Nitrogen and Argon blends are also regularly used. These conventional systems are all inadequate at preservation because they function by having the user remove the cork, and then add argon afterwards to reduce oxidation. This is flawed, because once you begin oxidation it&#39;s impossible to stop. You can only temporarily slow it down. 
     Further, conventional systems using inert gasses do not possess any ability to warm the wine, which is limiting as discussed above. Conventional devices also suffer from a lack of automation requiring the user to manually identify the varietal, research the appropriate temperature for that varietal and manually set the temperature. 
     Still other conventional solutions have integrated an exposed needle mechanism with a regulator and argon to extract wine from an individual bottle. These solutions are limiting because they do not handle refrigeration. They also can only handle small argon canisters because the devices are hand-held, and require the user to hold the device and bottle in mid-air to pour. They are also suffer from a lack of an integrated bottle holder, potentially exposing users to dangerous needles and/or exploding glass bottles. Such devices typically also lack the ability to accommodate multiple bottles of wine, and to track or control the consumption of such bottles and offer recommendations and information regarding various wines via mobile electronic devices and social media. These and other issues are addressed by embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure may be used to dispense and preserve liquids, such as wine. A system according to various aspects of the present disclosure includes: a needle comprising: a first end; a second end for piercing a closure of a bottle of liquid; a gas passage through the needle for supplying an inert gas to the bottle of liquid, the gas passage including a first aperture proximate to the first end for receiving the inert gas and a second aperture proximate to the second end for emitting the inert gas; and a liquid passage through the needle for dispensing the liquid from the bottle, the liquid passage including a first aperture proximate to the first end for dispensing the liquid and a second aperture proximate to the second end for receiving the liquid from the bottle. 
     The present disclosure includes various methods, apparatuses (including computer systems) that perform such methods, and computer readable media containing instructions that, when executed by computing systems, cause the computing systems to perform such methods. 
     Other features will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description which follows. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1A-1F  depict an exemplary embodiments of systems for preserving, dispensing, and adjusting and maintaining the temperature of a liquid according to various aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 2A-2L  depict exemplary embodiments of systems for preserving and dispensing a liquid according to various aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary system according to various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Subject matter will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which show, by way of illustration, specific example embodiments. Subject matter may, however, be embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, covered or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any example embodiments set forth herein; example embodiments are provided merely to be illustrative. Likewise, a reasonably broad scope for claimed or covered subject matter is intended. Among other things, for example, subject matter may be embodied as methods, devices, components, or systems. Accordingly, embodiments may, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof (other than software per se). The following detailed description is, therefore, not intended to be taken in a limiting sense. 
     In the accompanying drawings, some features may be exaggerated to show details of particular components (and any size, material and similar details shown in the figures are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive). Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the disclosed embodiments. 
     Reference in this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the disclosure. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others. Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirements for some embodiments but not other embodiments. 
     Any combination and/or subset of the elements of the methods depicted herein may be combined with each other, selectively performed or not performed based on various conditions, repeated any desired number of times, and practiced in any suitable order and in conjunction with any suitable system, device, and/or process. The methods described and depicted herein can be implemented in any suitable manner, such as through software operating on one or more computer systems. The software may comprise computer-readable instructions stored in a tangible computer-readable medium (such as the memory of a computer system) and can be executed by one or more processors to perform the methods of various embodiments. 
     Exemplary Wine Processing System 
       FIGS. 1A-1F  depict exemplary embodiments of systems for preserving, dispensing, and adjusting and maintaining the temperature of a liquid, such as wine. Exemplary embodiments may also be used in conjunction with any other desired liquid. 
       FIG. 1A  depicts an exemplary exterior of a system according to various aspects of the disclosure. In this example, system includes a touchscreen  102  displaying one more pouring buttons  104  to control the system, spouts  106  for dispensing the liquid, and a drip tray  108  for capturing the liquid or cleaning solution. 
     The exemplary system in  FIG. 1A  may display a variety of information and control options to a user via the touchscreen  102 . For example, the system display images of a label from a container of wine or other liquid, enabling a new consumer experience that retains the brand of the winery without physically showing the container (e.g., bottle). The touchscreen  102  may also be configured to allow users to access additional information about a wine or other liquid, such as information about the winery producing a wine, the region the grapes are grown (e.g., Napa Valley), the grape or blend (e.g., Meritage), the year (harvest information), and wine ratings. Alternate embodiments may utilize non-touchscreen displays such as an LCD screen, OLED screen, TFT, and e-Ink in conjunction with user input devices such as a keyboard and/or mouse. 
     Users can dispense the wine by using the digital serving buttons  104  built into the touchscreen  102 , although a mechanical button, shared button, or switch for all bottles where the wine is selected via the touchscreen  102  may also be utilized. The serving buttons  104  may enable a user to select the size of the pour. The wine would then be dispensed via the exterior spout  106 , with a dedicated spout  106  for each wine. An alternate embodiment would enable a shared spout for multiple bottles of wine, but a system using dedicated spouts  106  has the advantage of keeping each wine pure. 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 1A , the serving buttons  212  may be configured to dispense a predetermined amount of liquid from a container of liquid. In some embodiments, the amount of liquid dispensed is dependent on the number of times a user presses the serving button  104 . For example, the user may push the serving button  104  once for a one ounce tasting pour, twice for a five ounce standard pour, or three times for a large nine ounce pour, although any desired amounts may be dispensed. In other embodiments, the touch screen  102  may include dedicated buttons for each pour size. 
     In one embodiment, the system uses a single button for each bottle and the button would change color, getting darker each time it&#39;s pressed to indicate the pour size. The wine would then be dispensed via the exterior spout  106  for each wine. An alternate embodiment would enable a shared spout for multiple bottles of wine, but this system has the advantage of keeping each wine pure. 
     The system depicted in  FIG. 1A  provides several major advantages over existing systems. First, the digital control enables users to interact and learn more about the wine, which is helpful to wineries that want to build their brand. Second, this system allows the user to pour exactly the right amount of wine eliminating human error. For wine tasting rooms, restaurants, bars and other commercial establishments this eliminates a lot of waste, which can account for up to 20% (or more) of their alcohol costs. The manual handheld systems that exist in the market today generally have no measurement capability so the user has no idea exactly how much wine they are pouring. On expensive bottles of wine served by the glass, this can result in significant losses for the restaurant. Further, this system builds on the big trend of people tracking their calories, by enabling people to precisely measure their calorie intake. This system is more intuitive, easier to use and much faster than existing systems. 
     The system shown in  FIG. 1A  may be incorporated into a variety of other systems and structures. Referring now to  FIG. 1B , the system of  FIG. 1A  is shown as a built-in appliance that may be used with cabinetry and other recessed installations. In this example, the system includes a built-in cabinet casing  114  that has a space frame  110  configured to attach to a cabinet. In some embodiments, the space frame  110  is configured to retrofit the existing appliance without modification to enable the standalone appliance to be used. The system features a recessed glass tray  116  that users can place their glasses on for serving, and allows the drip tray to be integrated without protruding from the machine for a clean look. The system also uses an upward-facing vent  112  that expels hot air from the cooling system in the front since there are no rear vents and upward to avoid blowing directly at the user. 
       FIG. 1C  illustrates an exemplary partial cut-away view of the internal workings of the system depicted in  FIG. 1A , while  FIG. 1D  depicts a close-up view of the system in  FIG. 1C . In this example, the system includes a gas source comprising a shared inert gas canister  126  that supplies gas to both enclosures. The gas canister  126  may contain any desired inert gas or combination of inert gasses, including argon, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen, helium, xenon, krypton, and/or neon. The replaceable gas canister  126  may be of any desired size, and preferably is large enough to support filling multiple containers of wine. In one exemplary embodiment, the gas canister  126  is sized to be able to pressurize between about twenty and about one hundred, although alternate embodiments would enable as few as one or two bottles and as many as several hundred bottles. Alternate embodiments may include an inert gas generator (not shown) as an alternative (or in addition) to the inert gas canister  126 . The inert gas generator may create inert gas in any suitable manner, such as by performing fractional distillation of air. 
     The gas canister  126  can be shared between multiple containers of wine or other liquid in the system, enabling multiple wines to be on tap at once. The enclosures in this example are sealable to allow a constant temperature to be maintained within the enclosure, as well as to help prevent injuries from broken glass containers. While the exemplary system in  FIG. 1C  depicts cylindrical enclosures for holding bottles of wine, alternate embodiments may use enclosures that are configured retain any sort of liquid held in any desired container. In the example shown in  FIG. 1C , the wine bottles are inserted upside down into the bottle holders  120 . Among other things, this configuration overcomes a disadvantage of previous systems which require humans to manually (and simultaneously) cradle the wine bottle and dispensing system to pour the wine. Additionally, the system in  FIG. 1C  allows each container of wine to be inserted into its respective cylinder so that the wines can be naturally gravity fed, thereby significantly reducing the amount of pressure required to extract the wine. 
     The enclosures/cylinders may be configured to increase or decrease in circumference to handle a wide range of wine bottles and secure them so they cannot move. Each cylinder includes a rear bottle holder  122  to cradle the base of the bottle, and the neck of the bottle is also cradled using the bottle neck holder  121  that further helps to secure the bottle from further movement. This configuration is much more stable than alternate systems that only brace the thin neck of the bottle. Further, each enclosure/cylinder protects the user from harm if a bottle (or other container) explodes from the pressure of the inert gas injected into each bottle. Exposure to injury from exploding containers is a problem faced by previous systems. 
     The bottle (or other container) may be inserted into each enclosure through an opening such as a doorway or other closable portal. The opening may be positioned on the any suitable portion of the enclosure. The opening may be closed via a door or other mechanism to retain the container inside the enclosure. Once the door is closed, the dynamically-adjustable interior portion(s) of the container expand or contract to the perfect circumference to snugly hold the container as described above, and may adjust for any “punt” (i.e., a rounded dimple in the bottom of the bottle). 
     The gas delivery system in  FIG. 1C  comprises a needle  123  for piercing a closure in the container (e.g., the cork of a wine bottle) to dispense the liquid from the container and supply the inert gas to the container. The needle  123  may be adapted to pierce a variety of different materials, including cork, engineered cork, plastic, rubber, wood, metal, and combinations thereof. The needle  123  may include at least one passage, such as a gas passage through the needle for supplying the inert gas to the container of liquid and a liquid passage through the needle for dispensing liquid from the container. 
     In  FIG. 1C , the needle  123  is hidden within the appliance and is mechanized, with one end of the needle coupled to a motor and gears  128  adapted to push the needle through the closure. This has several advantages over existing systems. First, using a motorized solution eliminates the need for human intervention making it much simpler and more reliable. Second, this system is much safer than existing systems because the needles  123  are contained within a closed appliance preventing a person from accidentally harming himself or herself with the needle. Third, exemplary embodiments may include a liquid temperature sensor attached to, or embedded in, the needle  123  for monitoring the temperature of the liquid within the container. Alternate embodiments could use a non-motorized version that is still mechanized and allows the needle  123  to be hidden. The needle  123  may be connected to the gas canister  126  via a gas delivery system comprising the quick release needle mechanism  124 , which includes a tubing mechanism that allows the gas to be transported from the gas canister  126  to each needle  123  as needed. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1C , the gas delivery system may include a connector (such as quick release mechanism  124 ) that includes the needle  123  and that can be detached from the rest of the system to allow (for example) easy replacement, repair, and cleaning. Embodiments of the present disclosure further distinguish over previous systems by integrating a cleaning mechanism (not shown). In some embodiments, the cleaning mechanism may include a reservoir for water or another cleaning liquid coupled with a pump for pumping the water or cleaning fluid through the needle  123 . The cleaning mechanism may be controlled by a computer system which, among other things, allows the system to automatically clean itself without necessitating human intervention. The system may also include a heating element to heat the water/fluid before pumping it through the system. This is a significant advantage over existing systems that require special chemicals and take 30-60 minutes to clean (often manually). Alternate plumbing configurations could include check valves after the argon solenoids and check valves after the wine solenoids and before the spouts. 
     The connector may further include (or be coupled to) one or more spouts (such as spouts  106  in  FIG. 1A ) for dispensing the liquid from one or more containers. The connector may further include a seal adapted to engage with the container to prevent the liquid from leaking from the container. Examples of such a seal are described in more detail below with reference to  FIGS. 2A-2L . 
     The gas in the inert gas container  126  may be pressurized to any desired pressure. In some exemplary embodiments, the inert gas is pressurized at five or more pounds per square inch (PSI). The gas delivery system in the example depicted in  FIG. 1C  includes a pressure regulator  127  to maintain a consistent pressure within the containers of liquid, while enabling a much higher pressure canister to efficiently power a large number of bottles. When the canister  126  is empty, it can be easily swapped using gas delivery system that includes a lossless gas connection comprising a combination of threading and a rubber seal to prevent gas leaking out of the system. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1C , the two enclosures are adapted to hold bottles of wine, where each bottle has a wider body portion and a narrower neck portion, with a closure in the neck portion of each bottle. The bottles are retained in each enclosure upside down (i.e., with the neck positioned below the body portion. In addition to the advantage of reducing the pressure necessary from the gas delivery system to dispense the liquid from the container, inverting the bottle in the enclosure/cylinder helps reduce the length of tubing required to deliver the inert gas to each container of liquid compared to conventional systems that push tubing all the way to the bottom of the bottle. In such conventional systems, the wine must be forced upward from the bottom which requires more pressure than using the gravity fed method of the present disclosure. Alternate embodiments adapted for other types of containers may likewise position the container as appropriate to take advantage of gravity feeding. 
       FIG. 1E  illustrates a side view of the internal mechanism of the system shown in  FIGS. 1A-1D . This view illustrates a pair of cameras  130  capture images of the labels on the containers of liquid received in the enclosures. In this example, the cameras  130  are mounted external to the enclosures holding the containers of liquid, and capture images of the labels through a transparent portion of the enclosure. In alternate embodiments, a single camera could also be shared to capture the labels in multiple enclosures. 
     The exemplary system in  FIG. 1E  includes a temperature control system that comprises a pair of thermoelectric cooling units  132  to enable the system to both cool and warm the liquid in the container to the perfect serving temperature. In alternate embodiments, the temperature control system may include a vapor compression refrigeration system coupled to each enclosure. In still other embodiments, the temperature control system may be adapted to use ambient air or a heating element to warm the liquid in the container. Alternate cooling configurations could include a single thermoelectric assembly located centrally with one or more servos operating flaps to direct cooling air to one or both sides at a time as needed. 
     The temperature control system may include, or be in communication with, one or more temperature sensors. For example, the temperature control system may be in communication with a temperature sensor attached to (or embedded in) the needle  123  to directly monitor the temperature of the liquid in the container. Additionally or alternatively, the temperature control system may include an infrared temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the exterior of the container and/or a temperature sensor adapted to measure the temperature of the air within the enclosure. 
     A block diagram of an exemplary embodiment is depicted in  FIG. 1F . In this example, a cylindrical enclosure includes multiple securing points to cradle a wine bottle and keep it from moving so a high-quality picture can be captured. The system includes a digital camera  130  disposed within the enclosure to capture images of the wine label(s)  140 . As with the other embodiments described herein, the enclosure may be of any size, shape, and configuration and may be adapted to retain any type of container of liquid. The system may include a lighting source (not shown) disposed within the enclosure for illuminating the container and its labeling for the camera  130 . In one exemplary embodiment, the lighting source is fixed and adapted to disperse light evenly over the label of a container, even when the label is affixed to a curved surface. 
     The enclosure may include a mechanism for rotating the bottle (not shown) so the user can simply drop the bottle in to the enclosure without worrying about the placement of the label relative to the camera. The rotating mechanism then rotates the bottle and allows the digital camera  130  within the enclosure to capture images of both the front and rear wine labels. Other alternate embodiments may utilize a cylindrical camera or multiple cameras so that no bottle repositioning is required. Still another alternate embodiment uses indicators on the appliance to let the user know to rotate the bottle so the camera can capture the image. In one embodiment, for example, a first camera may be disposed within the enclosure to capture an image of a front label on a container (e.g., a bottle of wine), while a second camera may be disposed within the enclosure opposite the first camera to capture an image of a rear label of the container. 
     Computer system  142  is in communication with the digital camera  130  and receives the images of the label(s) on the container of liquid from the camera. The computer system  142  may include a processor, memory, and any other suitable components such as those described for computing devices  310  and  320  in  FIG. 3  (see below). The memory may store instructions for programming the computer system to perform various functions when executed by the processor. The computer system  142  may store the image of a label in a memory coupled to the computer system, including various forms of internal read-only and random-access memory, a local database  144 , and storage mediums in communication with the computer system  142  via a network, such as the cloud/Internet  147 . 
     The computer system  142  analyzes the image of the label to identify the liquid in the container. In some exemplary embodiments, the computer system may analyze the image using optical character recognition (OCR) and/or image recognition to read the text, identify symbols, and identify other characteristics of the label. The computer system  142  may access a database, such as local database  144 , storing information regarding different wines and other liquids in order to identify the liquid in the container based on the information on the label. The computer system may also access one or more remote databases via the cloud/Internet connection  147 . The benefit of using a cloud database is that it can be constantly updated, allowing for greater chances of matching the images. Multiple of these components could be combined into a single part performing multiple functions. 
     The computer system  142  may also be in communication with, and adapted to control one or more functions of, the system&#39;s temperature control system and gas delivery system. For example, the computer system  142  may be adapted to control the gas delivery system to supply the inert gas into the container in conjunction with dispensing the liquid from the container. Dispensation of the liquid may be initiated by a user via the touch screen  102  or via another user interface. In some embodiments, dispensing the liquid is predicated upon a user being successfully authenticated to operate the system via an electronic access code. In such cases, the system remains locked and will not dispense a liquid unless and until the user enters the proper electronic access code via the touchscreen  102 . Among other things, this allows parents to prevent access to alcoholic beverages by underage children, and hotels and restaurants to provide self-serve beverages to guests and customers by selectively providing access codes. Likewise, physical access to the system (including the enclosures holding the wine or other liquid) may be protected by a lock controlled via the computer system  142 . 
     The computer system  142  may also be programmed to communicate information regarding the dispensing of liquid for the system to a point of sale system to generate an invoice for the dispensed liquid to a customer. Such information may include, an identifier for the customer (e.g, that includes or is based on the electronic access code), the amount of liquid dispensed from the system, an identification of the liquid(s) dispensed, prices of the liquid(s), and other information. Likewise, information regarding the liquid may be transmitted to other computing devices in communication with the computer system  142 , such as a wireless device of a user and/or a computing device of a manager of a restaurant. Among other things, this can help customers to easily remember and learn about a wine they sampled from the system. It also helps users of the system monitor the status of the system, including determining when the containers within the enclosures are empty and need to be replaced as well as identifying when the system needs cleaning or repair. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 1A , the computer system  142  may display an image of the label of a container retained within an enclosure on a display screen (such as the touchscreen  102 ). The image may be the image captured by camera  130 , thus giving a visual indicator to users of the system of the contents of the container in each enclosure. 
     The touchscreen  102  (or other display used in conjunction with embodiments of the present disclosure) may be activated via a proximity sensor that detects the presence of a user near the display. The touchscreen  102  may also (or alternatively) be activated in response to a user touching the touchscreen  102 . 
     In conjunction with identifying the liquid within a container, the computer system  142  may be programmed to determine a serving temperature of the identified liquid and control the temperature control system to adjust and maintain the temperature of the identified liquid at the determined serving temperature. In this manner, different liquids (such as wine) held in different enclosures can be maintained at different respective serving temperatures. 
     In one exemplary embodiment, control of the temperature control system by the computer system includes: measuring an initial temperature of the liquid contained in an enclosure using a temperature sensor, comparing the initial temperature of the liquid to a desired serving temperature for the liquid, determining a viscosity of the liquid, and estimating the amount of time it will take the temperature control system to adjust the temperature of the liquid to the desired serving temperature based on the initial temperature of the liquid and its viscosity. Embodiments of the present disclosure may, for example, display the time remaining to adjust the temperature of the liquid via the touchscreen  102 , or even automatically prevent pouring of the wine from the container until the ideal serving temperature is reached. 
     Wine Preservation and Dispensing 
       FIGS. 2A-2L  illustrate embodiments of systems for wine preservation according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Although embodiments disclosed herein are described with particular reference to preserving and dispensing wine from bottles, those of skill in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present disclosure may be utilized to preserve and dispense other types of liquids from a wide variety of containers. 
     The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a variety of advantages and improvements over existing systems. The embodiments described herein help eliminate the need for training of restaurant or winery tasting room personnel in using a specialized device, as some or all of the functionality of the system can be automated. The disclosed embodiments further improve upon existing systems by using a computer to measure the wine exiting the appliance ensuring that there are consistent pours with zero waste or overage. Additionally, the systems disclosed herein may be combined with integrated computerized refrigeration and warming that ensures the wine is automatically served at the perfect serving temperature on demand. The disclosed embodiments can support both small gauge needles that won&#39;t harm the cork enabling resealing of bottles, as well as large gauge needles that enable very fast pouring overcoming a limitation of existing non-motorized solutions. This accelerates the serving time from up to twenty-five seconds down to less than five seconds making bartenders, waiters and wine tasting room employees more efficient and their establishments more profitable. 
       FIGS. 2A-2B  illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a needle that may be used in conjunction with embodiments of the present disclosure. This needle  230  overcomes the limitations of many non-coring needles used by conventional systems. The needle  230  has two hollow chambers to enable an inert gas such as argon to be routed (via gas passage  235 ) disposed along a length  237  of the needle  230  into the wine bottle simultaneously while liquid is extracted from it (via wine passage  234 ). The gas passage  235 , i.e., a gas injection passage, is coupled to the gas source  201 , while the wine passage  234 , i.e., a liquid extraction passage, is coupled to the spout  206 . This enables the system to serve continuous glasses of wine without loss of speed or requiring the user to re-pressurize the bottle  202 . 
     The exterior of needle  230  is at least partially threaded  232 . The needle  230  can be mechanically controlled with a motor (via motor connector  238 ) adapted to push the needle  230  through the closure of the bottle  202  while simultaneously rotating the needle  230  to thread the needle  230  through the closure using the threads  232 . Any desired motor may be utilized, including a stepper motor, linear actuator, or other motor. 
     The pointed tip  236  of the needle  230  helps minimize the force required to insert the needle  230  through the closure/cork of the bottle and to minimize coring to prevent leaks. Further, this design enables the needle  230  to be of a much larger diameter than needle  205  because the threads  232  create a negative force and help reduce the force needed to insert the needle  230 . The larger needle, in turn, enables faster pouring speeds. 
     As with the needle  205 , the needle  230  can be mechanically inserted and retracted in a closed assembly, eliminating the risk of human error, harm from a bottle exploding under pressure, or harm from a needle harming the user. Computer-controlling the supply of gas to, and liquid dispensed from, needle  230  also enables precise pour speeds and volumes, enables the measurement of gas consumption, and enables the measurement of liquid dispensed. 
     The screw mechanism  232  may comprise positive or negative threads (i.e., threads designed for clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation), and such threads may cover some or all of the screw  230 . The wine passage  234  and gas passage  235  may be any length, diameter, and configuration. In the example shown in  FIG. 2B , the gas passage  235  is longer than the wine passage  234  so that gas injected into the bottle is not sucked into the wine passage, thereby helping to prevent inconsistent pours and splattering. 
     The gas passage  235  in this example is 0.06″ in diameter to achieve the correct flow rate, although alternate diameters or shapes could be used. Once the bottle is pressurized, the wine is extracted from the wine passage  234 , which is 0.105″ in diameter in this example to enable a flow rate of one ounce per second at 15 psi, although alternate diameters and passage shapes can also be used. 
       FIGS. 2C-2G  illustrate additional features of the needle  230 . The needle  230  includes gas fitting  241 , i.e., a gas connector, coupled to gas passage  235  that connects to a gas injection opening  239 A and a wine tub fitting  242 , i.e., a liquid connector, coupled to wine passage  234  that connects to a liquid extraction opening  239 B. The gas fitting  241  enables the system to be easily and securely connected to a pressurized gas source  201 , while the wine tube fitting  242  enables the system to be connected to an outlet for dispensing the wine, such as spout  206 . The snap ring  243  allows the entire mechanism to be easily connected and disconnected from the wine dispensing system for cleaning or replacement in case of damage. Additionally, O-rings  244  help create a tight seal to prevent leaks, although alternate mechanisms could be used to prevent leaks. The casing  245  surrounds the fittings  241 ,  242  to maintain a clean, food-safe environment. 
       FIG. 2H  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the drive and guide mechanism  250 , i.e., a motion control system. In this example, the motor is connected to a motor drive shaft  251  that uses a spinning mechanism to reduce friction, although a linear actuator or similar straight force could be applied. Alternate embodiments could allow a manual insertion by the user pushing on a plate connected to the drive shaft. 
     The needle  230  is kept in place by using multiple guide shafts  252 , although a single guide shaft could also be used. As the system inserts the needle  230  into the bottle, a seal  253  is attached to the neck portion of the bottle (against the outside of the bottle edge) to prevent liquid from the bottle from leaking from the closure. In this example, the seal  253  is formed from rubber, though any desired alternate material may be used.  FIG. 2I  shows the system in  FIG. 2H  after the motor has been successfully actuated to drive the needle  230  through the closure of the bottle. 
       FIGS. 2J-2L  show additional views of the mechanism is  FIGS. 2H and 2I . In this example, the system uses a stepper motor  265  to insert and extract the needle (labeled “cork screw”)  230  from the closure, though other motors or manual approaches could be used. The lead screw  261  connects to the stepper motor  265  to drive the cork screw  230 , which is fastened with a lead screw nut  264  to drive a carriage in which a manifold is disposed. The manifold  262  connects the cork screw  230  to the pressurized gas source  201  and the dispensing spout  206  to serve the wine. Finally, the cork screw  1400  can be mechanically inserted and extracted from the cork. 
     System  260  may be coupled to a computing device (such as computing device  310  or  320  in  FIG. 3 ). In such embodiments, the computing device can be programmed to monitor and control the location of the cork screw  230 , the volume of liquid that has been extracted, and the volume of gas that has been inserted. This can all be calculated by knowing the pressure of the gas, the initial volume of the bottle, the diameter of the tubes, and the subsequent flow rate. With this system, precise pour sizes can be achieved automatically and without user intervention. 
     All of these improvements make this an incredibly efficient mechanism for enabling fast and precise dispensing of wine, while enabling long-term preservation, making it ideal for consumers with multiple homes, restaurants, hotel rooms, and a multitude other environments. 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of system which may be used in conjunction with various embodiments. While  FIG. 3  illustrates various components of a computer system, it is not intended to represent any particular architecture or manner of interconnecting the components. Other systems that have fewer or more components may also be used. 
     In  FIG. 3 , the system  300  includes a computer system  310  comprising a processor  312 , memory  314 , and user interface  316 . Computer system  310  may include any number of different processors, memory components, and user interface components, and may interact with any other desired systems and devices in conjunction with embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     The functionality of the computer system  310 , including the steps of the methods described above (in whole or in part), may be implemented through the processor  312  executing computer-readable instructions stored in the memory  314  of the system  310 . The memory  314  may store any computer-readable instructions and data, including software applications, applets, and embedded operating code. Portions of the functionality of the methods described herein may also be performed via software operating on one or more of the user computing devices  320 . 
     The functionality of the system  310  or other system and devices operating in conjunction with embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented through various hardware components storing machine-readable instructions, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and/or complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Systems according to aspects of certain embodiments may operate in conjunction with any desired combination of software and/or hardware components. The processor  312  retrieves and executes instructions stored in the memory  314  to control the operation of the system  310 . Any type of processor, such as an integrated circuit microprocessor, microcontroller, and/or digital signal processor (DSP), can be used in conjunction with embodiments of the present disclosure. A memory  314  operating in conjunction with embodiments of the disclosure may include any combination of different memory storage devices, such as hard drives, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), FLASH memory, or any other type of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory. Data can be stored in the memory  314  in any desired manner, such as in a relational database. 
     The system  310  includes a user interface  316  that may include any number of input devices (not shown) to receive commands, data, and other suitable input. The user interface  1416  may also include any number of output devices (not shown) to provides the user with data, notifications, and other information. Typical I/O devices may include mice, keyboards, modems, network interfaces, printers, scanners, video cameras and other devices. 
     The system  310  may communicate with one or more user computing devices  320 , as well as other systems and devices in any desired manner, including via network  330 . The system  310  and/or user computing devices  320  may be, include, or operate in conjunction with, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a mobile subscriber communication device, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, an electronic book or book reader, a digital camera, a video camera, a video game console, and/or any other suitable computing device. 
     The network  330  may include any electronic communications system or method. Communication among components operating in conjunction with embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed using any suitable communication method, such as, for example, a telephone network, an extranet, an intranet, the Internet, point of interaction device (point of sale device, personal digital assistant (e.g., iPhone®, Palm Pilot®, Blackberry®), cellular phone, kiosk, etc.), online communications, satellite communications, off-line communications, wireless communications, transponder communications, local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), virtual private network (VPN), networked or linked devices, keyboard, mouse and/or any suitable communication or data input modality. Systems and devices of the present disclosure may utilize TCP/IP communications protocols as well as IPX, Appletalk, IP-6, NetBIOS, OSI, any tunneling protocol (e.g. IPsec, SSH), or any number of existing or future protocols. 
     Although the disclosure includes a method, it is contemplated that it may be embodied as computer program instructions on a tangible computer-readable carrier, such as a magnetic or optical memory or a magnetic or optical disk. All structural, chemical, and functional equivalents to the elements of the above-described exemplary embodiments that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Moreover, it is not necessary for a device or method to address each and every problem sought to be solved by the present disclosure, for it to be encompassed by the present claims. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” As used herein, the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. 
     Where a phrase similar to “at least one of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more A, B, or C,” or “one or more of A, B, and C” is used, it is intended that the phrase be interpreted to mean that A alone may be present in an embodiment, B alone may be present in an embodiment, C alone may be present in an embodiment, or that any combination of the elements A, B and C may be present in a single embodiment; for example, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C. 
     Changes and modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure, as expressed in the following claims.