Patent Publication Number: US-9889348-B2

Title: Golf club head

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a golf club head that may improve hitting sound without deteriorating appearance. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     A golf club head provided a hollow portion therein is known. Since the golf club head of this type is designed within a range of a limited mass, there is a tendency that a thin-wall sole portion would be designed due to increase in head volume. In order to obtain a thin-wall sole portion, a press forming product made of a thin rolled steel strip, for example, may be employed as a sole member. This aspect is advantageous in terms of productivity and cost. On the other hand, there is a problem that a golf club head having a thin-wall sole portion generates low hitting sound that many golfers do not prefer. 
     In order to improve the hitting sound of the golf club head, it has been proposed to provide a rib on the inner surface, which faces the hollow portion, of the sole portion (See, Patent Document 1). 
     RELATED ART DOCUMENTS 
     Patent Documents 
     Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-115334 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Problems to be Solved by the Invention 
     The rib may be fixed by welding to the inner surface of the sole portion. Heat of the rib at the time of welding affects the metal structure of the sole portion. When the thickness of the sole portion is thin, for example, the thermal energy applied from inside of the sole portion at the time of welding may change the metal structure of the outer surface of the sole portion. In this case, a welding mark such as burnt with a color change may occur on the outer surface of the sole portion. Thus there is a problem that such a welding mark makes the appearance of the head worse. 
     In order to hide the welding mark on the outer surface of the sole portion, there is necessity that the welding mark is covered with painting. Unfortunately, by painting, the flexibility of the sole design of the club head may be limited and the productivity may be deteriorated. 
     The present invention has been worked in view of the problem described above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a golf club head having an improved hitting sound without deteriorating appearance. Another object of the present invention is the provision of a golf club head that is not required limited design, in particular that is capable of having a finish treatment without painting, regarding finish treatment of a sole portion 
     Means for Solving the Problems 
     The present invention is a golf club head provided a hollow portion therein, including a sole portion forming a bottom surface of the head, the sole portion including a thin-wall portion and a thick-wall portion having a thickness larger than that of the thin-wall portion, and a rib fixed by welding on an inner surface of the thick-wall portion. 
     In another aspect of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention, the thick-wall portion may include a first thick-wall portion extending in a toe-heel direction, and the rib may extend in the toe-heel direction on the first thick-wall portion. 
     In another aspect of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention, the thin-wall portion may include a front thin-wall portion arranged forward of the first thick-wall portion and a rear thin-wall portion arranged backward of the first thick-wall portion. 
     In another aspect of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention, the thick-wall portion may include a second thick-wall portion arranged forward of the front thin-wall portion, and a third thick-wall portion arranged backward of the rear thin-wall portion. 
     In another aspect of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention, the rib may be intermittently welded on the inner surface of the thick-wall portion in a longitudinal direction of the rib. 
     In another aspect of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention, the rib may be intermittently welded on the inner surface of the thick-wall portion at positions of its longitudinal both ends and at least one place between the both ends. 
     In another aspect of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention, the rib may have a height of from 2 to 6 mm and a width of from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. 
     In another aspect of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention, the difference between thicknesses of the thick-wall portion and the thin-wall portion may be not less than 0.3 mm. 
     In another aspect of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention, the thick-wall portion may have a thickness of from 0.8 to 1.6 mm. 
     In another aspect of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention, the sole portion may have a region including a welded position of the rib, and an outer surface of the region may be finished without painting. 
     In another aspect of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention, the finish treatment may include mirror finish. 
     Effects of the Invention 
     The sole portion of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention includes the thin-wall portion and the thick-wall portion having a thickness larger than that of the thin-wall portion. The thin-wall portion is useful for provision of a larger head volume by providing the sole portion with small mass. The rib is fixed by welding to the inner surface of the thick-wall portion. The rib may improve the hitting sound by increasing the rigidity of the sole portion so as to reduce its vibration. 
     Since the thermal capacity of the thick-wall portion of the sole portion is greater than that of the thin-wall portion, the effects of heat hardly lead to the outer surface of the sole portion when the rib is welded to the inner surface of the thick-wall portion of the sole portion. Accordingly, in the golf club head in accordance with the present invention, a welding mark does not appear on the outer surface of the sole portion at all, or appears in a small size that is unrecognized by naked eyes. Therefore the golf club head in accordance with the present invention may prevent the deterioration of appearance of the sole portion. 
     The sole portion of the golf club head in accordance with the present invention maintains an excellent appearance without painting. Accordingly, the finish treatment without painting such as mirror finish may be employed. This makes it possible to provide a degree of freedom for designing the sole portion of the golf club head and improve productivity of the golf club head. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a front elevation view of a golf club head in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a bottom view of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view taken along lines A-A of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is an exploded view of the head. 
         FIG. 5  is a plan view of a sole member viewed from its inner surface. 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of the sole member. 
         FIG. 7  is a cross sectional view taken along lines B-B of  FIG. 5 . 
         FIG. 8  is a plan view of a sole member in accordance with another aspect. 
     
    
    
     MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     An embodiment of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.  FIG. 1  is a front elevation view of a golf club head  1  (hereinafter, it my be referred to as “head”)  1  in accordance with the present invention,  FIG. 2  is a bottom view of  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view taken along lines A-A of  FIG. 1 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , the head  1  is under a standard condition. The standard condition of the head  1  means a condition where the head  1  is placed on a horizontal plane HP with its lie angle α and its loft angle β (as shown in  FIG. 3 . for the loft angle). Through this description, the head  1  is supposed to be kept in the standard condition unless otherwise noted. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the head  1  is provided with a hollow portion (i) therein. The major part of the hollow portion (i) is a void filled by a gas. In another aspect, a weight adjustment member, e.g. a gel may be arranged in the hollow portion (i). 
     The head  1  in accordance with the present embodiment is a wood-type. The wood-type head typically includes both kinds of driver head (# 1 ) and fairway wood head. Furthermore, the concept of the wood-type head further includes a kind of utility-type head having the different club name and numbers from those. The wood-type golf club head generally has a loft angle in a range of from 8 to 30 degrees. 
     The head  1  has a volume in a range of not less than 90 cm 3 , more preferably not less than 100 cm 3 . On the other hand, the head  1  has a volume in a range of not more than 470 cm 3 , more preferably not more than 460 cm 3 ; in view of the golf rules. 
     The head  1  has a mass in a range of not less than 170 g, more preferably not less than 180 g, but preferably not more than 260 g, more preferably not more than 250 g for better golf swings. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1 to 3 , the head  1  includes a face portion  3  having a face  2  for hitting a ball, a crown portion  4  forming a top surface of the head, a sole portion  5  forming a bottom surface of the head, a side portion  6  connecting between the crown portion  4  and the sole portion  5 , and a hosel portion  7  having a shaft insertion hole  7   a  to which a club shaft (not shown) to be inserted. The centerline CL of the shaft insertion hole  7   a  corresponds to a shaft centerline (not shown) of the club shaft to be attached later. 
     As used herein, various directions for the head  1  are defined. The front side of the head  1  means the side of the face  2  relatively, and the opposite side is the rear side of the head  1 . Furthermore, the toe-heel direction of the head  1  refers to a direction parallel to the centerline CL of the shaft insertion hole  7   a  on the bottom view of the head  1  under the standard condition as shown in  FIG. 2 . In  FIG. 2 , the front-back direction refers to a direction perpendicular to the toe-heel direction. 
     The major part of the head  1 , for example, is made of metallic material. Namely, the face portion  3 , the crown portion  4 , the sole portion  5  and the hosel portion  7  are made of metallic material. For example, the metallic material for forming the head  1  may be employed stainless steel, a maraging alloy, a titanium alloy or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , the head  1 , for example, has a four-piece structure in which a face member  1 A, a head main body member  1 B, a sole member  1 C and a neck member  1 D are joined. However, the head  1  may be configured as a two-piece structure or a three-piece structure. 
     The face member  1 A includes the face  2 . The face member  1 A, for example, is formed of a plate shape. For the face member  1 A, a cup-like shape including a flange (not shown) extending rearwardly from the periphery of the face  2  may preferably be used. 
     The head main body member  1 B includes the crown portion  4  and the side portion  6 . The face member  1 A is fixed to the front side of the head main body member  1 B. The head main body member  1 B has a recess for attaching the neck member  1 D on its heel side. 
     The sole member  1 C includes the sole portion  5 , and is formed of a plate shape. In this embodiment, the sole member  1 C is a press formed product in which rolled steel or the like is plastically deformed by press forming. For example, the sole member  1 C is fixed to lower edges of the respective face member  1 A and the head main body member  1 B by welding. 
     The neck member  1 D includes the hosel portion  7 , and is formed using NC machining. The neck member  1 D is fixed to the recess of the head main body member  1 B. 
     In order to optimize the location of the center of gravity of the head and the repulsion performance, the respective members  1 A to  1 D may be made of metallic materials having different specific gravities. In this embodiment, each of the members  1 A to  1 D is made of a titanium alloy. Preferably, the whole head  1  may be made of a metallic material. Alternatively, a fiber reinforced resin may be used as a part of the head  1 . 
     In order to resist impact of hitting a golf ball, the face portion  3  is required to have sufficient strength. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the maximum thickness t 1  of the face portion  3  is preferably in a range of from 3.3 to 4.0 mm. 
     In order to resist impact of hitting a golf ball, the crown portion  4  is also required to have sufficient strength. On the other hand, the thickness of the crown portion  4  is large, the head  1  tends to have high center of gravity. In view of the above, the thickness t 2  of the crown portion  4  is preferably in a range of approximately 0.5 to 0.9 mm. 
     The side portion  6  preferably has a thickness t 3  in a range of from 0.7 to 1.2 mm in order to maintain the lightweight of the head and high moment of inertia around the vertical axis passing through the center of gravity of the head in well balance. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a plan view of the sole member  1 C viewed from the hollow portion.  FIG. 6  illustrates a perspective view of the sole member  1 C. The sole member  1 C has an approximately circular outline shape surrounded by a front edge  5   a  located in the front side (the face side) of the head, a rear edge  5   b  located in the back side of the head, a toe-side edge  5   c  located in the toe side of the head and a heel-side edge  5   d  located in the heel side of the head. The outline shape of the sole member  1 C is not particularly limited to the illustrated embodiment. 
     The sole portion  5  includes a thin-wall portion  8  and a thick-wall portion  9  having a thickness larger than that of the thin-wall portion  8 . The reduced mass from the sole portion  5  by providing the thin-wall portion  8  may be redistributed to the thick-wall portion  9 . Thus the weight may be flexibly and arbitrarily distributed into the sole portion  5  based on locations of the thin-wall portion  8  and the thick-wall portion  9 . Accordingly, the location of the center of gravity of the head and the amount of the moment of inertia may be designed. 
     Furthermore, the thick-wall portion  9  has bending rigidity larger than that of the thin-wall portion  8 . Thus rigidity of the sole portion  5  may be changed due to the location of the thick-wall portion  9 . 
     Thus, the center of gravity of the head, moment of inertia and rigidity distribution of the sole portion  5  may be flexibly designed by modifying the locations of the thin-wall portion  8  and the thick-wall portion  9 . These specific examples will be described later. 
     In the present invention, as shown in  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 7  which is a cross sectional view taken along lines B-B of  FIG. 5 , a rib  10  is fixed by welding to an inner surface  9   i , which faces the hollow portion (i), of the thick-wall portion  9 . In this embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 5 , one rib  10  extends along the sole portion  5 . Such a rib  10  may increase the bending rigidity of the sole portion  5  and reduce vibration of the sole portion  5  when hitting a ball. Thus, the hitting sound produced by the head  1  may be improved as a higher frequency sound to which many golfers prefer. 
     Furthermore, since the thermal capacity of the thick-wall portion  9  of the sole portion  5  is greater than that of the thin-wall portion  8 , the effects of heat hardly lead to the outer surface  5   o  of the sole portion  5  when the rib  10  is welded to the inner surface  5   i  of the sole portion  5 . Accordingly, in the golf club head  1  in accordance with the present invention, a welding mark does not appear at all on the outer surface  5   o  of the sole portion  5 , or appears in a very small size that is unrecognized by naked eyes. Thus the outer surface  5   o  of the sole portion  5  may exhibit an excellent appearance. The outer surface  5   o  of the sole portion  5  may be finished as mirror treatment by buffing the sole member  1 C without painting, for example. The head  1  in accordance with the present invention may offer a high degree of freedom for designing the outer surface  5   o  of the sole portion  5  while eliminating requirement of painting and improve productivity. 
     The cross sectional shape of the rib  10 , which is not particularly limited, may include a semicircular shape, a triangular shape and the like. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the rib  19  in accordance with the present embodiment has a rectangular cross sectional shape. In order to improve the effects of vibration reduction, the cross sectional shape of the rib  10  is preferably a longitudinal long shape having the height H larger than the width W. In order to improve the hitting sound quality as a comfortable high-pitched sound without additional weight, the height H of the rib  10  is preferably in a range of from 2 to 6 mm. Similarly, the width W of the rib  10  is preferably in a range of from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. 
     The whole length of the rib  10  measured along the rib, which is not particularly limited, is preferably in a range of from 3% to 75% of the maximum toe-heel length L 1  of the head  1 , as shown in  FIG. 2 , in order to improve the hitting sound quality as a comfortable high-pitched sound without additional weight. The maximum toe-heel length L of the head  1  is a distance in the toe-heel direction between the outermost toe edge and the outermost heel edge under the state where the head  1  is placed on a horizontal plane with a lie angle of 60 degrees based on the provision of the distance in toe-heel direction defined by the golf rule of R&amp;A. When the position of the outermost heel edge is not clear, it should be obtained using the measurement described in the section  194  of the golf rule. 
     The number of rib  10  provided on the sole portion  5 , which is not particularly limited, is preferably in a range of from approximately 1 to 3. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the thick-wall portion  9  in accordance with the present embodiment, for example, includes a first thick-wall portion  9 A extending along the toe-heel direction, and the rib  10  also extends along the toe-heel direction on the first thick-wall portion  9 A. The combination of the first thick-wall portion  9 A and the rib  10  may further improve bending rigidity of the sole portion  5 , and in particular improve bending rigidity around the front-back direction of the head, thereby producing the hitting sound quality as a high-pitched sound. In this aspect, since the first thick-wall portion  9 A may serve the similar function of the rib  10 , the rib  10  with a small height H may be employed. The rib  10  is not particularly limited to one that extends along the toe-heel direction, and may extend in the front-back direction. Here, the phrase “along the toe-heel direction” includes not only the aspect that the rib  10  and the first thick-wall portion  9 A extend parallel to the toe-heel direction, but also the aspect that the rib  10  and the first thick-wall portion  9 A extend in an angle of less than 45 degrees with respect to the toe-heel direction. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , at least a part of the first thick-wall portion  9 A and the rib  10  is preferably arranged in a central region  20  of the head  1  in the front-back direction. The central region  20  is a region located in the center of the head in the front-back direction and having a length of 75% of the maximum front-back length L 2  of the head  1 . The central region  20  tends to vibrate easily after hitting a golf ball. By providing the rib  10  and the thick-wall portion  9  in the central region  20 , a large effect for improving the hitting sound may be obtained. Furthermore, the width (see the reference symbol W 1  for the first thick-wall portion  9 A) of the thick-wall portion  9  is greater than the width W of the rib  10 . In order to maintain sufficient thermal capacity while distributing weight around the sole portion  5 , the width of the thick-wall portion  9  is preferably in a range of from 3 to 20 mm. 
     The thin-wall portion  8 , for example, includes a front thin-wall portion  8 A arranged forward of the first thick-wall portion  9 A and a rear thin-wall portion  8 B arranged backward of the first thick-wall portion  9 A. In the preferred embodiment, the thick-wall portion  9  further includes a second thick-wall portion  9 B arranged forward of the front thin-wall portion  8 A and a third thick-wall portion  9 C arranged backward of the rear thin-wall portion  8 B. Furthermore, the whole area of the heel side of the sole portion  5  in accordance with the present embodiment is formed of a fourth thick-wall portion  9 D. Such a sole portion  5  may have high moment of inertia around a vertical axis because sufficient weight is distributed in the periphery of the sole portion  5 . Furthermore, since the peripheral portion of the sole member  1 C has a large thickness, the sole portion  5  may have high durability so as to prevent heat injury thereon when welding to the other member. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates the sole portion  5  in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the central area of the sole portion  5  is formed of the thin-wall portion  8 . The second thick-wall portion  9 B and the third thick-wall portion  9 C are provided in the front and rear sides of the thin-wall portion  8 , respectively. After hitting a ball, the antinode of vibration, which has the maximum amplitude, of such a sole portion  5  may appear in the middle portion  30  of the thin-wall portion  8 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 8 , the first thick-wall portion  9 A and the rib  10  may reduce the vibration of the sole portion  5  so that the hitting sound is further improved into a high-pitched sound. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the rib  10  is intermittently welded on the inner surface of  9   i  the thick-wall portion  9  in a longitudinal direction of the rib  10 . In this embodiment, the rib  10  is provided with welded beads  12  intermittently at positions of its longitudinal both ends  10   e  and  10   e , and at least one place between the both ends. As shown in  FIG. 7 , welding, for example, is fillet welding that is done at the corner between the rib  10  and the inner surface  9   i  of the thick-wall portion  9 , and that is added a triangle cross sectional molten material bridging between them. Each of the welded beads  12  is formed into a spotted shape on both sides of the rib  10  in the width direction thereof without extending in a long shape along the rib. Preferably, the maximum outer diameter of the spotted welded bead  12  is in a range of from 2 to 5 mm. 
     In the embodiment as described above, the thermal energy applied to the sole portion  5  when welding is suppressed to be very low. Thus the thermal effect on the outer surface  5   o  of the sole portion  5  is also suppressed to be minimum, thereby effectively preventing the generation of the welding mark thereon. The specific process of welding is not particularly limited, but arc welding with small output, particularly TIG welding and the like is preferable. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , in the sole portion  5 , the thick-wall portion  9  and the thin-wall portion  8  have the respective constant thicknesses. The junction between the thick-wall portion  9  and the thin-wall portion  8  has a thickness that gradually varies. 
     In order to prevent increase of mass while maintaining sufficient thermal capacity, the thickness t 4  of the thick-wall portion  9  is preferably not less than 0.8 mm, more preferably not less than 0.9 mm, still further preferably not less than 1.0 mm, but preferably not more than 1.6 mm, more preferably not more than 1.4 mm, still further preferably not more than 1.2 mm. 
     In order to ensure durability of the sole portion while maintaining mass margin, the thickness t 5  of the thin-wall portion  8  is preferably not less than 0.5 mm, more preferably not less than 0.6 mm, still further preferably not less than 0.7 mm, but preferably not more than 1.0 mm, more preferably not more than 0.9 mm, still further preferably not more than 0.8 mm. 
     The difference t 4 −t 5  between the thickness t 4  of the thick-wall portion  9  and the thickness t 5  of the thin-wall portion  8  is preferably not less than 0.2 mm, more preferably not less than 0.3 mm. On the other hand, the thickness difference t 4 −t 5  is excessively large, stress tends to concentrate the boundary between them and to lower the durability of the sole portion  5 . Thus the thickness difference t 4 −t 5  is preferably set not more than 0.8 mm. 
     The sole member  1 C which includes the thick-wall portion  9  and the thin-wall portion  8 , for example, is formed from a first molding product having a constant thickness. In this embodiment, the thin-wall portion  8  is shaped by dissolving a part of the first molding product through an etching process. The thick-wall portion  9  is formed of the non-etching part having the original thickness of the first molding product by being masked during the etching process. With this, the sole member  1 C is obtained in high productivity. 
     In the head  1  in accordance with the present embodiment, the welding mark does not substantially appear on the outer surface  5   o  of the sole portion  5 . Thus the sole portion  5  has a region including a welded position of the rib  10 , wherein the outer surface of the region is finished without painting. 
     The finish treatment includes mirror finish, for example. The mirror finish is to polish a target area to obtain a smooth surface as a mirror by a buff or barrel type polishing means. For the degree of mirror finish, it is preferable that the outer surface  5   o  of the sole portion  5  is polished up to be able to reflect a skin color of a person. 
     Furthermore, in another aspect of the finish treatment, a hairline finish, a satin finish, or a satin-mirror finish may be employed. The hairline finish is a finish that has an outer surface with very narrow lines on it each of which appears as a hair, and a matte surface condition as compared to the mirror finish. Satin finish may provide a luster surface with matte appearance which is milder than the mirror finish by processing with abrasive paper coarser than buff, rubbing with a wire brush or using a combination of chemicals. Satin-mirror finish is an approximately intermediate finish between satin and mirror finishes with respect to a mirror condition. With respect to the finish treatment without painting to the outer surface  5   o  of the sole portion  5 , it is not particularly limited to these. 
     While the particularly preferable embodiments in accordance with the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but can be modified and carried out in various aspects. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Wood type golf club heads having a basic structure shown in  FIGS. 1 to 7  and specifications of Table 1 were prototyped and then each of the heads was tested with respect to the existence of a welding mark on the sole portion, natural frequency, and mass. Each rib was fixed to the sole portion using TIG welding. Major specifications of the tested golf club heads are as follows:
     Head volume: 440 cm 3      Material of face member: 6-4 Ti   Material of head main body member: 3-1-1-1 Ti   Material of sole member: BT341 Ti   Material of neck member: 3-2 Ti   Maximum toe-heel length of head L 1 : 120 mm   Maximum front-back length of head L 2 : 110 mm   Width of rib W: 0.8 mm   Length of rib: 90 mm   First thick-wall portion width W 1 : 6.8 mm
 
Welding Condition
   

     Gas: Argon gas 
     Gas current: 5 to 10 (l/min.) 
     Welding current: 80 plus/minus 10 (A) 
     Welding speed: zero (spot welding) 
     Number of welding portions: five (one means a set of welded bead portions on both sides of rib in its width direction) 
     Maximum outer diameter of welding portions: 2 to 6 mm 
     Existence of Welding Mark 
     The existence of a welding mark on the outer surface of the sole portion of the respective heads was checked by naked eyes. 
     Natural Frequency 
     As for the hitting sound, a primary natural frequency of the head was measured. The primary natural frequency was measured in the head alone. The measurement method is as follow:
     (a) Attach an acceleration pickup on the sole portion of the head.   (b) Fix a thread to the end of the hosel portion of the head.   (c) Hang the head through the thread.   (d) Impact on the outer surface of the sole portion of the head by an impact hammer with a force pickup.   (e) Acquire data of impact exciting force F through the force pickup of the impact hammer.   (f) Acquire response acceleration “A” through the acceleration pickup.   (g) Acquire the primary natural frequency from the primary minimal value of dynamic mass that is obtained by the relation as follows:
 
Dynamic mass=impact exciting force  F /response acceleration “ A ”.
   

     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Ref. 1 
                 Ref. 2 
                 Ref. 3 
                 Ref. 4 
                 Ref. 5 
                 Ref. 6 
                 Ex. 1 
                 Ex. 2 
                 Ex. 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Existence of rib 
                 Absence 
                 Absence 
                 Absence 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
               
               
                 Thickness t5 of thin-wall portion 
                 0.7 
                 1.0 
                 1.5 
                 0.7 
                 1.0 
                 1.5 
                 0.7 
                 0.7 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 of sole portion (mm) 
               
               
                 Thickness t4 of thick-wall portion 
                 0.7 
                 1.0 
                 1.5 
                 0.7 
                 1.0 
                 1.5 
                 0.9 
                 1.0 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 of sole portion (thickness of sole 
               
               
                 portion at rib welded portion) (mm) 
               
               
                 Difference t4 − t5 (mm) 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0.2 
                 0.3 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 Existence of welding mark on outer 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 Clearly 
                 None 
                 None 
                 Visible 
                 None 
                 None 
               
               
                 surface of sole portion (Naked eyes check) 
                   
                   
                   
                 visible 
                   
                   
                 through 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 loupe 
               
               
                 Primary natural frequency of head (Hz) 
                 2700 
                 2850 
                 3000 
                 3300 
                 3500 
                 3500 
                 3400 
                 3500 
                 3600 
               
               
                 Rib Height H (mm) 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 4.8 
                 4.8 
                 4.8 
                 4.8 
                 4.8 
                 4.8 
               
               
                 H + t4 (mm) 
                 0.7 
                 1 
                 1.5 
                 5.5 
                 5.8 
                 6.3 
                 5.7 
                 5.8 
                 6.3 
               
               
                 Increase or decrease of head mass (g) 
                 −2.5 
                 0.1 
                 4.3 
                 −1.0 
                 1.5 
                 5.7 
                 −0.3 
                 0 
                 1.7 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Ex. 4 
                 Ex. 5 
                 Ex. 6 
                 Ex. 7 
                 Ex. 8 
                 Ex. 9 
                 Ex. 10 
                 Ex. 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Existence of rib 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
                 Presence 
               
               
                 Thickness t5 of thin-wall portion 
                 0.7 
                 0.7 
                 0.7 
                 0.7 
                 0.7 
                 0.8 
                 0.9 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 of sole portion (mm) 
               
               
                 Thickness t4 of thick-wall portion 
                 0.8 
                 1.6 
                 2.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 of sole portion (thickness of sole 
               
               
                 portion at rib welded portion) (mm) 
               
               
                 Difference t4 − t5 (mm) 
                 0.1 
                 0.9 
                 1.3 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
                 0.2 
                 0.1 
                 0 
               
               
                 Existence of welding mark on outer 
                 Visible 
                 None 
                 None 
                 None 
                 None 
                 None 
                 None 
                 None 
               
               
                 surface of sole portion (Naked eyes check) 
                 through 
               
               
                   
                 loupe 
               
               
                 Primary natural frequency of head (Hz) 
                 3350 
                 3600 
                 3650 
                 3100 
                 3650 
                 3500 
                 3500 
                 3500 
               
               
                 Rib Height H (mm) 
                 4.8 
                 4.8 
                 4.8 
                 2.0 
                 6.0 
                 4.8 
                 4.8 
                 4.8 
               
               
                 H + t4 (mm) 
                 5.6 
                 6.4 
                 6.8 
                 3 
                 7 
                 5.8 
                 5.8 
                 5.8 
               
               
                 Increase or decrease of head mass (g) 
                 −0.7 
                 2.1 
                 3.4 
                 −1.4 
                 −0.1 
                 0.1 
                 0.5 
                 1.0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     From the test results, it was confirmed that the example golf club heads had improved the hitting sound without deteriorating appearance. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERAL 
     
         
           1  Golf club head 
           2  Face 
           3  Face portion 
           4  Crown portion 
           5  Sole portion 
           8  Thin-wall portion 
           8 A Front thin-wall portion 
           8 B Rear thin-wall portion 
           9  Thick-wall portion 
           9   i  Inner surface of thick-wall portion 
           9 A First thick-wall portion 
           9 B Second thick-wall portion 
           9 C Third thick-wall portion 
           10  Rib 
         i Hollow portion