Patent Publication Number: US-7722291-B2

Title: Adjustable barreling wave generating apparatus and method

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
   The present application claims the benefit of co-pending U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/022,680 filed Jan. 22, 2008, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 

   BACKGROUND 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates generally to a wave forming apparatus for water rides or water features of the type provided in water-based amusement parks, water features in ornamental gardens, and the like, and is particularly concerned with an apparatus for forming a barreling wave, also known as a tubing or tunneling wave, which can support surfing activities or produce an attractive visual effect in a fountain or the like. 
   2. Related Art 
   Naturally occurring waves occur in the ocean and also in rivers. These waves are of various types, such as moving waves which may be of various shapes, including tubular and other breaking waves. Surfers are constantly searching for good surfing waves, such as tubular breaking waves and standing waves. There are only a few locations in the world where such waves are formed naturally on a consistent basis. Thus, there have been many attempts in the past to create artificial waves of various types for surfing in controlled environments such as water parks. In some cases, a sheet flow of water is directed over an inclined surface of the desired wave shape. Therefore, rather than creating a stand-alone wave in the water, the inclined surface defines the wave shape and the rider surfs on a thin sheet of water flowing over the surface. In some cases, the inclined surface is shaped to cause a tubular form wave. Sheet flow wave simulating devices have some disadvantages. For example, since these systems create a fast moving, thin sheet of water, they produce a different surfing experience to a real standing wave. 
   In other prior art wave forming devices, a wave is actually simulated in the water itself, rather than being defined by a surface over which a thin sheet of water flows. U.S. Pat. No. 6,019,547 of Hill describes a wave forming apparatus which attempts to simulate natural antidune formations in order to create waves. A water-shaping airfoil is disposed within a flume containing a flow of water, and a wave-forming ramp is positioned downstream of the airfoil structure. Apparatus for forming deep water standing waves is described in my prior U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,629,803 and 6,932,541. This apparatus creates waves that simulate natural standing waves. Use of an oblique bed form extending across the width of the channel or two intersecting water flows to create a barreling wave downstream of the standing wave is described in these patents. 
   SUMMARY 
   A wave forming apparatus has a channel for containing a flow of water, the channel having an inlet end connected to a water supply for supplying a flowing stream of water to the channel, a base, and spaced side walls, and at least one foil member adjustably mounted in the floor or base of the channel facing one of the side walls to form a venturi or constricted pass or throat between the side wall and foil, the foil member having a leading, substantially flat face extending at an oblique angle to the water stream in the channel and oriented at a pitch angle to the floor of the channel, and a trailing, venturi face opposing the channel side wall to form the venturi pass. In one embodiment, the foil member is pivotally mounted in the floor of the channel via a hinge or pivot mount so that it can be adjusted from an inoperative position where the leading face is flush with the floor of the channel to a selected pitch angle of the leading face. The pitch angle may be between 0 degree and 90 degrees to the floor of the channel, and in one embodiment is in the range of approximately 45 degrees to 90 degrees. 
   In one embodiment, an actuator such as a hydraulic actuator may be associated with the foil member in order to adjust the pitch angle of the leading face while the barreling wave is forming. This causes the barreling component of the wave to travel across the face of the foil member, producing a more realistic wave effect. 
   The combination of the oblique foil shape and opposing channel side wall together form a standing barrel wave which is like a river wave formed at a narrows. The part of the water stream which flows into the leading face of the oblique foil tends to rise up the tilted face and bend laterally towards the venturi pass. The part of the water stream which moves towards and up the venturi face and into the venturi pass combines with the deflected water from the leading face of the oblique foil, the two streams of water together forming a barreling wave in front of the venturi face and extending laterally into the venturi pass. After pitching out and forming the barrel, the water lands primarily in the venturi pass area on top of the primary stream of water through the pass. 
   In one embodiment, the top edge or peak of the oblique foil member is convex, and the foil may have a downwardly inclined trailing face, so that water flows freely over the peak of the foil member and back down to continue its flow along the channel. The venturi face of the foil member may curve back away from the opposing channel wall after the venturi pass. The height of the channel side walls is less than the height of the oblique foil in one embodiment, and below the peak of any wave formed in the venturi pass. This allows water to drain away from the venturi area 
   Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reviewing the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The details of the present invention, both as to its structure and operation, may be gleaned in part by study of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts, and in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a wave forming apparatus of a first embodiment having a double barreling wave forming foil; 
       FIG. 2  is a top plan view, partly cut away, of the barreling wave forming foil of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3A  is a cross sectional view on the lines  3 - 3  of  FIG. 2 , showing the leading face of the foil at a first pitch angle; 
       FIG. 3B  is a cross sectional view similar to  FIG. 3A , but showing the leading face of the foil at an adjusted, different pitch angle; 
       FIG. 4  is a cross sectional view similar to  FIG. 3A  but showing an alternative adjustment mechanism allowing the foil to be retracted substantially flush with the floor; 
       FIG. 5  is a perspective view of part of the channel of a wave forming apparatus similar to  FIG. 1  but with a single barreling wave forming foil; 
       FIG. 6  is a top plan view of the apparatus of  FIG. 5  which has a single barreling wave forming foil in one half of the channel; 
       FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a wave forming apparatus of another embodiment having two separate barreling wave forming foils mounted in the channel; 
       FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a wave forming apparatus of another embodiment having a single barreling wave forming foil mounted across a larger portion of the width of the channel, schematically illustrating formation of a barreling wave; 
       FIG. 9  is a perspective view of part of the channel in  FIG. 8 , taken from a different direction, showing the front face of the foil at a first pitch angle and schematically illustrating the location of the barreling wave; and 
       FIG. 10  is a view similar to  FIG. 9  showing the front face of the foil at a different pitch angle and schematically illustrating the movement of the barreling wave when the foil angle is changed between the orientation of  FIG. 9  and that of  FIG. 10 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   Certain embodiments as disclosed herein provide for an apparatus and method for forming waves in a water ride or water feature. For example, one method as disclosed herein allows for formation of an adjustable barreling or tubing wave which turns back at the peak to form a tube or tunnel and for adjustment of the barreling wave formation so that the wave travels. 
   After reading this description it will become apparent to one skilled in the art how to implement the invention in various alternative embodiments and alternative applications. However, although various embodiments of the present invention will be described herein, it is understood that these embodiments are presented by way of example only, and not limitation. As such, this detailed description of various alternative embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope or breadth of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims. 
     FIGS. 1 ,  2 ,  3 A and  3 B illustrate a first embodiment of a wave forming apparatus  100  designed to form barreling waves. The apparatus basically comprises a channel  10  for containing a flow of water, the channel having a weir  12  at its inlet end connected to a supply of water in a reservoir  14 . Reservoir  14  has a smooth radius throat section guiding water over weir  12  and into the channel  10 . River banks or entry/exit portions  16  extend outwardly from opposite side walls  22  of the wave forming channel  10  to the outer sides  18  of the apparatus, which are spaced outwardly from the outer sides of channel  10 , as best illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 3 . The outer side walls  18  may be eliminated in alternative embodiments. The river banks may be inclined downwardly at a small angle towards the trailing or exit end of the channel. Two barreling wave forming foils  40 ,  42  are mounted in the channel in a generally V-shaped formation with an apex  44  facing upstream. The foils  40 ,  42  face opposite side walls  22  of the channel at an oblique angle to the flow direction of water along the channel. Apart from foils  40 ,  42 , the wave forming apparatus is similar to the apparatus described in my U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,629,803 and 6,932,541 and pending application Ser. No. 11/248,380 filed Oct. 11, 2005, and the contents of each of these documents are incorporated herein by reference. 
   As best illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the channel  10  has a base or lower wall  24  and the weir or alpha foil  12  is formed in the base wall at the inlet end of the channel so as to direct water from reservoir  14  into a flowing stream of relatively deep water along channel  10 , as described in my prior patents and application referenced above. One or more bed forms or beta foils  25  for forming a standing wave may be located downstream of alpha foil  12  and oblique foils  40 ,  42 , with a spoiler or small bump  43  in the floor prior to secondary or beta foil  25 , but this is not essential and no additional foils may be provided downstream of oblique or barreling wave forming foils in other embodiments. A grating  26  or the like is provided at the outlet end of the channel in this embodiment, and water is returned via a passageway  28  extending under floor  24  and pumped by pumps  30  back into the reservoir  14 . In an alternative embodiment, water could be returned by running out of the channel into a river or pool. 
   Although a weir or alpha foil is used in the illustrated embodiments to direct a stream of water along channel  10 , in alternative embodiments the desired stream condition could be created with a tank and sluice gate or nozzle. The opposite side walls  22  of the channel may be straight, as illustrated, or may taper outwardly from the inlet end to the outlet end of the channel, and define a primary flow path for water through the channel. 
   Weir or alpha foil  12  curves downwardly from its peak to the base  24  of the channel. Oblique foils  40 ,  42  each have a base which is mounted in the base  24  of the channel, a generally flat or slightly convex, inclined leading face  45 , a venturi face  46  extending from the leading face  45  and forming a venturi pass  48  with the adjacent side wall  22  of the channel, and a rear face  36 . In the illustrated embodiment, each leading face  45  is at a sweep angle Φ of around 40 degrees to the direction of oncoming water flow in the channel, as best seen in  FIG. 2 . 
   Leading face  45  is also inclined at an adjustable vertical tilt or pitch angle α relative to the floor  24  of the channel, as seen in  FIGS. 3A and 3B . The arrangement and shape of the barreling wave forming foils  40 ,  42  is similar to the foils described in my co-pending application Ser. No. 11/550,239 filed Oct. 17, 2006 for a Barreling Wave Generating Device, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In that application, one or more oblique or barreling wave forming foils are formed in the base of the channel or may be a modular component for securing in the base of the channel as desired. As stated in the prior application, the barreling wave forming foil or foils may be built flush in the flat tail portion extending from the alpha foil  12  and raised by means of actuators into the position shown in the drawings, or may be an inflatable device that can be raised and lowered. This allows the channel to be used to produce only a standing wave at beta foil  25 , as described in my prior patents and pending application referenced above, or to be used to produce one or two standing barreling waves by raising one or both of the oblique foils  40 ,  42 . In the prior application, foils  40 ,  42  positioned in a V-configuration were formed integrally or secured together at apex  44 . In the embodiment of  FIGS. 1 to 4 , foils  40 ,  42  may be separate from one another to allow them to be adjusted independently, or may be secured together and adjusted with a single actuator. 
   In this embodiment, as illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , each barreling wave forming foil  40 ,  42  is adjustably mounted in the base or floor  24  of the channel by a hinge or pivot  80  at its leading edge which faces the oncoming water flow in the channel, and one or more hydraulic or pneumatic ram actuators  82  or the like extends between an inner side of the front face  45  of the foil and a fixed base part  83  to allow the front face  45 , or the entire foil, to be adjusted through a range of different pitch angles, including pitch angle α 1  as illustrated in  FIG. 3A  and pitch angle α 2  as illustrated in  FIG. 3B . The adjustment can take place continuously so as to move a barreling wave across the front face  45 , as described in more detail below. In the illustrated embodiment, angle α 1  is around 70 degrees while angle α 2  is around 30 degrees. The angular range provided by the adjustment mechanism may be in the range from 0 to 90 degrees in alternative embodiments.  FIG. 4  illustrates an alternative adjustment mechanism which allows the adjustable foil  40  and  42  to be retracted into a position substantially flush with the base  24  of the channel. In this embodiment, a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator  85  is pivoted at one end on a pivot mount  87  in the bottom wall  86  of the passageway  28  beneath the floor of the channel and pivoted at the other end on an inner side of the front face or wall  40  of the foil. The foil is retracted down through an opening in the floor  24  when the actuator is fully retracted, as seen in  FIG. 4 , and tilts up through the opening as the actuator is extended. 
   The upper edge  38  of each foil  45  is convex or curved to reduce the risk of injury. The foil height in the illustrated embodiment is about equal to the height of the outer side walls  18  and greater than the height of channel side walls  22 . This height difference is to ensure that at least part of a wave forming in the venturi pass is above the height of the channel walls, so that water can drain away from the venturi area and along the river banks  16  to avoid choking or backing up the flow. In one embodiment, the height of the channel wall  22  is around eleven inches below the peak  38  of the foil, and the channel wall height is around 30 inches. These dimensions are suitable for a 2.5 foot wave, but may be scaled up or down in alternative embodiments, depending on the overall size of the wave forming apparatus. The trailing or rear face  36  is also generally flat and inclined downwardly. 
   The venturi face  46  starts off facing the opposing channel side wall  22  and has a convex curvature leading from the trailing end of the relatively flat leading face  45 , then curves rearwardly back towards trailing or rear face  36  and downwardly towards the base of the channel, as best illustrated in  FIG. 1 . Venturi face  46  has a curved apex which is rounded for safety to avoid a sharp corner, and also helps to reduce turbulence in the water flowing around the apex. The venturi pass  48  is defined between the leading, convex end of venturi face  46  and the opposing channel side wall, as indicated in  FIG. 2 . The leading end of face  46  is inclined away from the channel side wall in a direction upwardly from the floor at a “yaw” angle so that the venturi pass increases in width in a direction upwardly from the base of the channel, as best illustrated in  FIG. 1 . In the illustrated embodiment, the yaw angle is around 30 degrees, but this angle may range from 90 degrees to 20 degrees in alternative embodiments, dependent on the desired width of the venturi pass. 
   In this apparatus, an initial smooth and streamlined flow of relatively deep water enters the channel at foil  12 . In one embodiment, the water velocity at the inlet end of the channel is around 12 feet per second while the water depth is around 0.7 feet. In alternative embodiments, the velocity may be in the range of around 8 to 25 fps, and the water depth may be in the range from 0.5 to 3.5 feet. Part of the water in the left hand half of the channel as viewed in  FIG. 3  rises up the leading face  45  and bends laterally towards the venturi pass  48 . The water moving over the leading face is of sufficient depth and velocity to support surfing maneuvers on various types of surfing equipment such as surfboards, bodyboards, and small kayaks known as playboats. At the same time, water moving towards the venturi face  46  of foil  40  or  42  combines with deflected water from leading face  45  to create a standing barreling wave in front of the leading face and venturi face extending laterally into the venturi pass  48 . Riders can therefore ride in the barrel wave on a surfboard or bodyboard, where the apparatus is used as a water park attraction or ride. Alternatively, the apparatus on a smaller scale can be used for a visual or ornamental water feature (like a fountain) in parks, gardens, and other locations. The opposing channel wall  22  contains some of the water and allows some to spill onto the river bank  16  and run downstream to the grating or drain. 
   As described above, the leading surface  45  of each foil in this embodiment is hinged about the leading edge via hinge  80  at a pitch angle which can be varied by changing the extension of actuator  82 . The actuator  82  can be a manual active adjuster that changes the pitch angle of the face, or may be adjusted automatically by a control system in order to vary the barreling wave formation in a desired manner. The effect of this angle change is to change the shape of the standing barreling wave. If the angle α is increased, the barreling area of the wave advances along the face of the foil, parallel to the hinge in a direction away from the venturi area. This produces the visual and functional effect of a naturally occurring ocean wave that is peeling as it travels. In this case it is a standing wave that peels across limited to the width of the stream. The effect is reversed by reducing the pitch angle. The rider has the advantage of a dynamic characteristic more closely simulating ocean surfing. 
   The practical angles of adjustment include the range from 0 (flat) to 90 (vertical) degrees. When flat, the foil is not functional, preventing any oblique wave from forming. As the angle increases, the stream redirected by the foil begins to interact with the foil and venturi to produce an oblique wave. At an optimum angle, which may be around 45 to 55 degrees, a hollow barreling section is formed. As the angle increases past optimum, for example in the range from around 55 degrees to 65 degrees, the barrel advances across the leading face  45  as described, until the wave ultimately collapses and the stream becomes overly obstructed by the foil face. As the angle is decreased from 65 degrees, the wave moves back in the opposite direction. By suitable control of the pitch angle, a barreling wave can be formed and caused to move back and forth across the barreling wave forming foil as a rider is surfing in the wave, producing a more natural effect and a longer ride. 
   The stream or flow rate of water arriving at the venturi pass is related to the size of the barreling wave formed at the pass. The faster the incoming rate, the bigger the wave. The venturi pass  48  and venturi face  46  are shaped to impede the flow of water so that the barrel is supported by deeper water through the pass. If the pass is too constricted, the barrel wave drowns and collapses. If the pass is not restricted enough, the barrel is smaller or non-existent, although there is still a surfable wave face in front of the foil  40  or  42 . The venturi face is positioned close enough to the channel side wall  22  for the water flow to be impeded sufficiently to form a standing barreling wave. In the illustrated embodiment, the width of the venturi pass at the base of the channel is of the order of 37 inches and the overall channel width is around 20 feet. The venturi pass width is varied depending on the size of the channel and foil and the water stream rate characteristics. In general, the venturi pass width is approximately the same as the height of foil  20 , and the maximum height of the foil is approximately the same as the desired wave height. 
   On arriving at the venturi pass  48 , the water transitions from its initial shallower, higher speed condition ahead of leading edge of venturi face  45  to a substantially deeper stream above the venturi face and into the venturi pass. After pitching out and forming the barrel, the water lands primarily in the venturi pass area on top of the primary stream. This is a safety advantage, since riders can land in water. The primary stream serves to force the low energy water continuously through the venturi pass and over beta foil  25 . 
   As noted above, the peak or top of the oblique foil is convex, and the peak and inclined downstream or rear face  36  of the foil allow water to stream freely over the foil in this area. The foil peak and downstream foil trailing surface  36  together allow a relatively smooth and safe transition for riders down into the downstream portion of the channel. Although the leading face of the foil has an abrupt or angled intersection with the floor  24  of the channel, as seen in  FIG. 2 , it may alternatively be smoothly blended into the floor at the pivot connection  80  for a smooth, curved transition from floor to foil. 
   The river banks  16  allow drainage around the foils  40 ,  42  without allowing water to leave the outer containment walls, and also allow for entry and exit of the ride. The channel may alternatively be made wider and deeper, but this is not practical for entry and might require more water flow and expense to operate. 
   In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , each barreling wave forming foil  40 ,  42 , or the front face of the foil, is designed to pivot through a selected range of angles of around 30 degrees to 70 degrees. In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the entire foil is designed to pivot between a position flush with the floor  24  and a position in which the front face is at a desired maximum angle, which may be substantially vertical. In this case, sliding floor sections may be actuated to ensure that there are no gaps in the floor between the opening into which the foil retracts and the flush portions of the foil. In another alternative embodiment, the rigid, hinged foil with actuator  82  may be replaced by an inflatable foil of similar shape when fully inflated, along with a pressurized fluid supply which supplies fluid such as pressurized gas or a liquid to the foil for inflation purposes, and the foil may be designed to be inflated in sections to provide different leading face pitch angles. 
   In the embodiment of  FIGS. 1 to 3 , two barreling wave forming foils  40 ,  42  are provided in a V-configuration to produce barreling waves on each side of the channel. In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , only one barreling wave forming foil  40  is provided on one side of the channel. This foil is exactly the same as one of the foils in the previous embodiment and is adjustable in the same manner to vary the pitch angle of the leading face  45 , and like reference numbers are used for like parts as appropriate. In this embodiment, the foil  40  and venturi pass take up half or less than half of the width of the channel. Another type of wave may be formed in the other half of the channel, such as a wave of the type formed by shaped bed forms in the channel, as described in my prior patents and application referenced above. 
     FIG. 7  illustrates another embodiment which is similar to that of  FIGS. 1 to 3  in that two barreling wave forming foils  50 ,  52  are used, but the foils in this case are separate, with a pass  54  formed along the center of the channel  10  between the foils. This apparatus is otherwise identical to that of the previous embodiments, and like reference numbers have been used for like parts as appropriate. As in  FIGS. 1 to 3 , each foil  50 ,  52  has a generally flat, inclined leading face  45  and a rearwardly curved venturi face  46  leading from the trailing end of the leading face and defining a venturi pass  48  between the leading edge of face  46  and the opposing channel side wall  22 . Also as in the previous embodiments, each barreling wave forming foil is adjustably mounted in the base of the channel at its leading edge via a pivot mount and can be tilted up and down to vary the pitch angle and move the barreling wave across the face of the foil. 
   In each of the above embodiments, the barreling wave forming foils may be separate modules having bases adapted for mounting in the channel with suitable actuators for varying the pitch angle as desired, for example using an actuator  82  as illustrated in  FIGS. 3A and 3B  or an actuator  85  as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . They may be designed to tilt back flush into the base of the channel and raised into position by actuators when a barreling wave action is desired, and they may be pivoted up and down through a range of pitch angles so as to vary or move the barreling wave. The foil or foils may be rigid devices as shown or may be hollow, inflatable devices that can be inflated or deflated as desired by a ride operator. If the latter, separate wedge-shaped sections may be pivoted at their vertices and inflated in sequence to produce different pitch angles. 
   In the embodiment of  FIG. 7 , as in the first embodiment, two separate standing barreling waves are formed, one at each venturi pass  48 . The pass  54  between the foils in  FIG. 7  improves stream conditions downstream and behind the foils  50 ,  52  and also helps to separate riders if necessary. 
     FIG. 8  illustrates a wave forming apparatus  60  of another embodiment which has an oblique or barreling wave generating foil  62  which extends across a larger portion of the channel  10  than in the previous embodiments. In this embodiment, a single barreling wave generating foil and venturi gap span the entire width of the channel, rather than only around half of the channel as in the previous embodiments, and the shape of the rear wall of the foil is modified. The remainder of the apparatus in  FIG. 8  is the same as in the previous embodiments, and like reference numerals have been used for like parts as appropriate. As in the previous embodiments, the larger barreling wave generating foil  60  can be pivotally mounted in the base of the channel at its forward edge so that the pitch angle of the leading face  64  can be adjusted throughout the barreling wave formation, as described above in connection with the first embodiment. This embodiment is more appropriate for a dedicated barreling wave machine, whereas the previous embodiments are appropriate for a channel in which a barreling wave is one of several water attractions or rideable waves. 
   As in the previous embodiments, foil  62  is mounted in the base  24  of the channel downstream of alpha foil or weir  12 . Foil  62  extends from one side wall  22  across the channel at an oblique angle to the water flow direction. Foil  62  has a generally flat, inclined leading face  64  and venturi face  65  extending from the leading face, as in the previous embodiments. However, the trailing or rear face of the foil is modified. The trailing face is formed with a series of steps  66  leading up to the peak  68  of foil  62 . These steps can be used as a possible entry point for the ride. 
   The shapes and angles of the leading and venturi faces  64 ,  65  in this embodiment are the same as in the previous embodiments, with the leading face  64  inclined both to the flow direction and the base of the channel. The venturi face is convex and the leading edge or portion forms a venturi pass  70  with the adjacent, opposing side wall  22  of the channel. Venturi face  65  then curves back away from the side wall, as in the previous embodiments. 
     FIG. 8  schematically illustrates the water flow through channel  10 , as indicated by the darker lines. As can be seen, water flowing on the right hand side of the channel as viewed from alpha foil  12  flows up and over the leading face  64  of the foil. Water moving towards the venturi face  65  of foil  62  in the left hand part of the channel combines with deflected water from leading face  64  to create a standing barreling wave  72  in front of the venturi face extending laterally into the venturi pass  70 .  FIG. 8  illustrates surfer  74  riding in the wave. The opposing channel wall  22  contains some of the water and allows some to spill onto the river bank  16  and run downstream to the grating or drain. Water also spills off the leading face of the foil onto the other river bank  16 . Alternatively, the channel wall on this side could be raised to prevent spilling, or the foil could be extended widthwise over the inner channel side wall and onto the river bank to prevent water spilling on this side. Adjustment of the pitch angle of leading face  64  moves the barreling wave  72  back and forth across face  64  to produce a more natural appearance and ride.  FIGS. 9 and 10  schematically illustrate the different positions of the barreling wave  72  when the angle of face  64  is adjusted.  FIG. 9  illustrates the location of barreling wave  72  when the face  64  is at an angle of around 55 degrees, while  FIG. 10  illustrates that the wave  72  has moved across face  64  to the right when the angle is increased to around 70 degrees. 
   The apparatus illustrated in each of the above embodiments may be scaled up or down depending on the type of water attraction desired. At a smaller scale it is suitable for inner tubing rather than surfing, and at an even smaller scale it may be used for a visual, fountain-like water feature rather than a ride. Larger scales of the apparatus may be used for surfing sports parks and events. 
   The outer side walls  18  in any of the above embodiments could be eliminated so that water could flow off opposite sides of the apparatus, for example into an adjacent pool or river. In this case, the adjacent pool or river may be at or close to the same elevation as the river bank. 
   The standing barrel wave created by the above embodiments is like a river wave created at a narrows. The venturi gap simulates a narrows, with the shape of the leading face and venturi face of the barrel wave forming foil enhancing the formation of the standing wave. The tilting away of the leading end of the venturi face from the channel wall provides a bottom contour at which water piles up on top of the foil in a controlled way. The venturi pass dimensions together with the design of the venturi face impedes water flow and supports the barrel through the pass. The deflection of some of the water flow by the oblique angle and shape of the leading face of the foil creates streamlines with a lateral velocity component towards the venturi gap which collide with streamlines flowing substantially downstream into the venturi pass zone, creating a wave shaped face and a barreling section in the venturi pass. Adjustment of the angle of the leading face causes the barreling wave to move across the face and this can take place while a rider is riding in the barrel. At the same time, excess water is allowed to spill out onto the adjacent river bank and run downstream. 
   The combination of the oblique foil shape and opposing channel side wall together form a standing barrel wave which is like a river wave formed at a narrows. The part of the water stream which flows into the leading face of the oblique foil tends to rise up the tilted face and bend laterally towards the venturi pass. The part of the water stream which moves towards and up the venturi face and into the venturi pass combines with the deflected water from the leading face of the oblique foil, the two streams of water together forming a barreling wave in front of the venturi face and extending laterally into the venturi pass. After pitching out and forming the barrel, the water lands primarily in the venturi pass area on top of the primary stream of water through the pass. 
   By locating the barreling wave generating foil upstream of a spoiler and bed form designed to create a standing wave, two or more different waves may be created in the channel under some flow conditions, or the barreling wave forming foil or foils may be retracted into the floor when only a standing wave is desired. Where there are two separate barreling wave forming foils, only one may be deployed so that a barreling wave is formed in one half of the channel with a standing wave downstream extending across at least the other half of the channel. Alternatively, both foils  40 ,  42  may be deployed simultaneously or alternately, and may be at different angles to create different barreling wave effects. This allows for a number of different wave variations to increase participants&#39; interest in the ride. 
   The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is to be understood that the description and drawings presented herein represent a presently preferred embodiment of the invention and are therefore representative of the subject matter which is broadly contemplated by the present invention. It is further understood that the scope of the present invention fully encompasses other embodiments that may become obvious to those skilled in the art and that the scope of the present invention is accordingly limited by nothing other than the appended claims.