Patent Publication Number: US-11654440-B2

Title: Coal and gangue separation device

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to the field of coal and gangue sorting equipment, in particular to a coal and gangue separation device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Raw coal and gangue discharge is a necessary means of coal mining. Coal and gangue identification and coal and gangue separation are essential in the raw coal and gangue discharge. Coal and gangue separation in the traditional photoelectric sorting device is conducted in an air injection manner, and airflow confinement has uncertainty, so that scattered thrust is caused, and strength control of the coal and gangue separation of materials on the airflow is highly difficult. 
     SUMMARY 
     In order to solve the above defects of coal and gangue separation by airflow in the prior art, the present invention provides a coal and gangue separation device. 
     The present invention uses the following technical solution: 
     A coal and gangue separation device includes a first supporting seat, a guide part and a plurality of material bins; the guide part is hinged with the first supporting seat; the guide part rotates in a vertical direction; and inlets of the plurality of material bins are sequentially distributed on a rotation track of a movable end of the guide part. 
     The present invention has the advantages that: 
     (1) In the coal and gangue separation device of the present invention, the high-pressure airflow of the high-pressure nozzle does not directly act on the materials, but on the grate bar driving mechanisms; and the cantilever grate bars are driven to rotate by the grate bar driving mechanisms so as to directionally discharge the mineral aggregate. Therefore, the gangue can accurately enter a gangue collection bin; and the clean coal can accurately enter a clean coal collection bin. 
     (2) In the present invention, when discharge directions of the cantilever grate bars are adjusted, pressure control of the high-pressure nozzle is constant; and only the opening of the cantilever grate bars needs to be ensured, i.e., rotation control of the cantilever grate bars is converted into opening control of the electromagnetic valves, thereby greatly decreasing control difficulty and increasing control accuracy. 
     (3) In the present invention, the clean coal collection bin and the gangue collection bin are compact in structure, and thus the floor space is narrowed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic front view of a high-accuracy coal and gangue identification system provided by embodiment 1; 
         FIG.  2    is a partial top view of a coal and gangue identification device provided by embodiment 2; 
         FIG.  3    is a front view of a coal and gangue identification device provided by embodiment 2; 
         FIG.  4    is a structural installation diagram of a first weighing barrel used in embodiment 2; 
         FIG.  5    is a top view of a first high-accuracy coal and gangue identification system provided by the present invention; 
         FIG.  6    is a front view of the system shown in  FIG.  5   ; 
         FIG.  7    is a structural diagram of a weighing unit in embodiment 3; 
         FIG.  8    is a structural diagram of a rotating wheel type coal gangue identification device provided by embodiment 3 in a water injection state: 
         FIG.  9    is a structural diagram of a rotating wheel type coal gangue identification device provided by embodiment 3 in a liquid level measurement state; 
         FIG.  10    is a structural diagram of a rotating wheel type coal gangue identification device provided by embodiment 3 in an unloading; 
         FIG.  11    is a top view of a second high-accuracy coal and gangue identification system provided by the present invention: 
         FIG.  12    is a top view of a third high-accuracy coal and gangue identification system provided by the present invention; 
         FIG.  13    is a front view of the system shown in  FIG.  12   ; 
         FIG.  14    is a top view of a coal and gangue separation device having a first grate bar driving mechanism provided by embodiment 6; 
         FIG.  15    is a front view of a coal and gangue separation device having a first grate bar driving mechanism provided by embodiment 6; 
         FIG.  16    is a top view of a coal and gangue separation device having a second grate bar driving mechanism provided by embodiment 6; 
         FIG.  17    is a front view of the device shown in  FIG.  16    under a first implementation mode; 
         FIG.  18    is a front view of the device shown in  FIG.  16    under a second implementation mode; 
         FIG.  19    is a top view of a coal and gangue separation device having a third grate bar driving mechanism provided by embodiment 6; 
         FIG.  20    is a front view of a coal and gangue separation device having a third grate bar driving mechanism provided by embodiment 6; 
         FIG.  21    is a top view of a coal and gangue sorting device in embodiment 8; 
         FIG.  22    is a front view of the coal and gangue sorting device shown in  FIG.  21   ; 
         FIG.  23    is a top view of the high-accuracy coal and gangue identification system in embodiment 8; 
         FIG.  24    is a top view of the high-accuracy coal and gangue identification system in  FIG.  23   ; 
         FIG.  25    is a top view of a multi-thread coal and gangue separation system provided by embodiment 10; and 
         FIG.  26    is a top view of the system shown in  FIG.  25   . 
     
    
    
     In the drawings:  100 : distribution queuing device;  101 : receiving hopper;  102 : star-type feeder;  103 : discharge chute;  104 : supporting leg;  105 : shock excitation motor;  106 : grading screen;  107 : sequencing runner;  108 : diversion and material separation structure;  200 : coal and gangue identification device;  201 : circulating water tank;  202 : dewatering screen;  211 : first barrel body;  212 : upper supporting disk;  213 : lower supporting disk;  214 : first weighing barrel;  215 : first liquid level sensor;  216 : first weighing sensor;  217 : first rotating shaft;  218 : axial thrust bearing;  219 : first motor;  2110 : supporting connection rod;  2111 : ring-like overlap edge;  2112 : first discharge electromagnetic valve;  2113 : first metering pump;  2114 : filtration division layer;  20   a : water injection region;  20   b : material adding region;  20   c : volume measurement region;  20   d : discharge region;  2011 : muddy water chamber;  2012 : clean water chamber;  221 : balance plate;  222 : balance box;  223 : triangular fixture;  224 : second weighing sensor;  225 : second rotating shaft;  226 : supporting part;  227 : second weighing barrel;  228 : second metering pump;  229 : second motor;  2210 : second liquid level sensor;  2211 : water supplementing tank;  2013 : overflow slot;  300 : coal and gangue tracking unit;  301 : third conveying belt;  302 : camera;  303 : transfer chute;  4110 : cantilever grate bar;  411 : guide part;  412 : gangue collection bin;  413 : clean coal collection bin;  414 : first supporting seat;  415 : cantilever shaft;  4111 : first high-pressure nozzle;  4112 : first air feed pipe;  4113 : first groove;  4114 : first air feed electromagnetic valve;  4115 : first reset spring;  4116 : first push rod;  4121 : first pulley;  4122 : second push rod;  4123 : first extrusion rod;  4124 : first hinging connection rod;  4131 : fixed rod;  4132 : third push rod;  4133 : second extrusion rod;  4134 : second pulley;  4135 : third pulley;  421 : separation bracket;  422 : fourth conveying belt;  423 : fifth conveying belt;  424 : deflector rod;  425 : second high-pressure nozzle;  426 : second air feed electromagnetic valve;  427 : second reset spring;  428 : second air feed pipe;  429 : baffle plate;  4210 : second groove;  431 : second conveying belt;  432 : runner partition plate;  441 : transmission chain;  4410 : chain slot;  442 : sixth conveying belt;  443 : seventh conveying belt;  444 : second discharge electromagnetic valve;  445 : fixed roller;  446 : tension roller;  51 : first conveying belt;  1 : base;  2 : wheel;  54 : second transportation mechanism. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiment 1: High-Accuracy Coal and Gangue Identification System 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , the present embodiment provides a high-accuracy coal and gangue identification system, including a base  1 , a distribution queuing device  100 , and a coal and gangue identification device  200 . 
     The distribution queuing device  100  includes a receiving hopper  101 , a star-type feeder  102 , and a first supporting leg  104 . 
     The star-type feeder  102  is mounted on the base  1  through the first supporting leg  104 , and the receiving hopper  101  is arranged on the star-type feeder  102 . The top of the receiving hopper  101  is opened, and the bottom of the receiving hopper is provided with a one-piece material outlet and is communicated with a mineral aggregate inlet of the star-type feeder  102 . As such, a mineral aggregate in the receiving hopper  101  is discharged by means of the star-type feeder  102 , thereby realizing intermittent uniform discharging of the mineral aggregate. In specific implementation, the receiving hopper  101  can also be configured to be a structure with a wider upper part and a narrower lower part to facilitate down sliding of the mineral aggregate. 
     In the present embodiment, the coal and gangue identification device  200  includes a rotary supporting frame, a water injection unit, a weighing unit, a liquid level detection device, and a processing module. The rotary supporting frame is rotatably mounted on the base  1 ; the rotary supporting frame is provided with a plurality of loading units; and the plurality of loading units are uniformly distributed in a rotation direction of the rotary supporting frame. Each loading unit at least includes one container used to load liquid and the mineral aggregate. 
     A water injection region  20   a , a material adding region  20   b , a volume measurement region  20   c , and an unloading region  20   d  are sequentially arranged on a rotation trajectory of the rotary supporting frame. In the rotation process of the rotary supporting frame, each loading unit cyclically passes through the water injection region  20   a , the material adding region  20   b , the volume measurement region  20   c , and the unloading region  20   d.    
     In the rotation process of the rotary supporting frame, the loading unit is injected with clear water at a certain volume in the water injection region  20   a  by means of a water injection unit, is filled with a mineral aggregate in the material adding region  20   b , and discharges the mineral aggregate and the clear water in the unloading region  20   d . The weighing unit is used to acquire the weight of the mineral aggregate filling the loading unit; and the liquid level detection device is used to detect a liquid level value in the loading unit located in the volume measurement region  20   c.    
     The processing module is used to acquire a volume of the clear water injected into the loading unit in the water injection region  20   a , the liquid level value detected by the liquid level detection device, and the weight, detected by the weighing unit, of the mineral aggregate in the loading unit, and is used to calculate the volume of the mineral aggregate in the loading unit in combination with the liquid level value and the volume of the clear water and calculate the density of the mineral aggregate in combination with the volume of the mineral aggregate and the weight of the mineral aggregate to determine whether the mineral aggregate is coal or gangue according to the density of the mineral aggregate. 
     Specifically, the processing module calculates an actual ratio B of coal to gangue in the mineral aggregate in the loading unit according to the following formula model 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
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     wherein V is the volume of the mineral aggregate; M is the mass of the mineral aggregate; X is the volume of clean coal contained in the mineral aggregate; Y is the volume of gangue contained in the mineral aggregate; ρ is the density of water; ρ mei  is the density of the clean coal; ρ gan  is the density of the gangue; m is the moisture content of the clean coal in the mineral aggregate; and n is the moisture content of the gangue in the mineral aggregate. 
     In the present embodiment, the volume of the clear water injected to the loading unit in the water injection region  20   a  can be obtained by means of liquid level detection, weighing, etc. Quantitative water injection to the loading unit can be realized in the water injection region  20   a  by means of a circulating metering pump. In the present embodiment, a container in the loading unit located in the material adding region  20   b  can be configured to be just located below an output port of the star-type feeder  102 , so that a material can be directly fed to the loading unit of the material adding region  20   b  by means of the star-type feeder  102 . 
     In specific implementation, a first transportation mechanism used to transport the mineral aggregate output by the star-type feeder  102  to the loading unit of the material adding region  20   b  and fill the mineral aggregate to the container can also be arranged on the base  1 . For example, in the present embodiment, the first transportation mechanism includes a discharge chute  103  and a first conveying belt  51 . The discharge chute  103  is connected with the output end of the star-type feeder  102 ; the first conveying belt  51  is arranged between the discharge chute  103  and the rotary supporting frame, and is used to convey the mineral aggregate output by the star-type feeder  102  through the discharge chute  103  to the loading unit of the material adding region  20   b . In the present embodiment, the discharge chute  103  is also provided with a shock excitation motor  105  to vibrate the discharge chute  103  to avoid discharge blockage. A shock excitation direction of the shock excitation motor  105  is perpendicular to a conveying direction of the mineral aggregate, thus fully dispersing the mineral aggregate, so that the mineral aggregate orderly enters the discharge chute  103 . 
     In the present embodiment, the first conveying belt  51  uses a partition plate conveying belt, so that the mineral aggregate is input to the loading unit block by block. By means of setting an operating speed and a partition plate spacing of the first conveying belt  51 , the mineral aggregate output speed of the first conveying belt  51  can match the rotating speed of the rotary supporting frame to ensure that one block of mineral aggregate corresponds to one loading unit, thereby realizing accurate measurement of the mineral aggregate and avoiding sprinkling of the mineral aggregate. 
     In specific implementation, in the present embodiment, the star-type feeder  102  can be deleted, so that the receiving hopper  101  directly discharges the mineral aggregate to a first conveying belt; or, the discharge chute  103  is arranged on the receiving hopper  101 , so that the receiving hopper  101  uniformly discharges the mineral aggregate to the first conveying belt by means of the discharge chute  103 . 
     In the present embodiment, the coal and gangue identification device  200  further includes a circulating water tank  201  and a dewatering screen  202 ; the circulating water tank  201  is arranged on the base  1  and is used to supply water to the water injection unit; and the dewatering screen  202  is arranged above the circulating water tank  201  and is located below the loading unit on the unloading region  20   d . As such, the water injection unit obtains clear water from the circulating water tank  201  and injects the clear water to the loading unit of the water injection region  20   a ; the loading unit moves to the unloading region  20   d  and discharges the materials towards the dewatering screen  202 ; the dewatering screen  202  separates the mineral aggregate from the clear water; and the clear water returns to the circulating water tank  201  by means of the dewatering screen  202  to realize cyclic use of the clear water. In the present embodiment, the dewatering screen  202  is inclined, so that blanking of the mineral aggregate left on the dewatering screen  202  is facilitated, and the load-bearing risk of the dewatering screen  202  is avoided. 
     In the present embodiment, the loading units located on the same circumferential rotation trajectory are taken as a loading queue, and correspondingly, the star-type feeder  102  and the loading queue are taken as a weighing mechanism. In specific implementation, a plurality of weighing mechanisms can be disposed side by side. The plurality of weighing mechanisms can be respectively provided with corresponding receiving hoppers, circulating water tanks  201 , dewatering screens  202 , etc., or can share a receiving hopper, a circulating water tank  201 , a dewatering screen  202 , etc. 
     In specific implementation, in the present embodiment, a grading screen  106  used to screen mineral aggregates with different particle sizes is arranged in the receiving hopper  101 ; the receiving hopper  101  is provided with a plurality of outlets corresponding to the mineral aggregates with different particle sizes; and all the outlets are correspondingly provided with the star-type feeders  102  and the coal and gangue identification devices. As such, the mineral aggregates with different particle sizes are screened and separately conveyed by means of the grading screen  106 ; all the star-type feeders  102  are used to convey the mineral aggregates discharged from the corresponding outlets of the receiving hopper  101  to the corresponding coal and gangue identification devices or the loading queues for coal and gangue identification, so that all the coal and gangue identification devices are used to identify mineral aggregates at specified particle size grades. 
     Embodiment 2: Coal and Gangue Identification Device 
     Referring to  FIG.  2    and  FIG.  3   , the present embodiment provides one structure of the coal and gangue identification device in embodiment 1. 
     In the present embodiment, the rotary supporting frame includes a first rotating shaft  217  that is vertically disposed, and a loading bracket that is connected with the first rotating shaft  217  and synchronously rotates with the first rotating shaft  217 . Specifically, in the present embodiment, the first rotating shaft  217  is connected with a first motor  219  used to drive the first rotating shaft to rotate. The bottom end of the first rotating shaft  217  is also provided with an axial thrust bearing  218  to ensure steady rotation. In the present embodiment, the base  1  is also provided with a first barrel body  211 , and the top of the first barrel body  211  is opened. The first rotating shaft  217  is arranged in the first barrel body  211  through the axial thrust bearing  218 , and all the loading units are also located in the first barrel body  211 . As such, when the distribution queuing device  100  injects the mineral aggregate to the loading unit of the material adding region  20   b , the mineral aggregate that does not fall into the first weighing barrel  214  can be collected by means of the first barrel body  211  to avoid scattering and falling of the mineral aggregate. In the present embodiment, the first motor  219  is connected with the first barrel body  211  through a structure such as a connection rod, and is located at the top of the first rotating shaft  217 . The loading unit is composed of one or more first weighing barrels  214  arranged on the loading bracket. Specifically, as shown in the figures, in the present embodiment, each loading unit includes two first weighing barrels  214  disposed side by side. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , in the present embodiment, the bottom of each first weighing barrel  214  is provided with a first discharge electromagnetic valve  2112 . When the loading unit rotates with the first rotating shaft  217  to the unloading region  20   d , the first discharge electromagnetic valves  2112  on the corresponding first weighing barrels  214  are opened to facilitate unloading. In the present embodiment, the first discharge electromagnetic valve  2112  is arranged at the bottom of the first weighing barrel  214 , and the lower end of the first weighing barrel  214  is provided with a conical outlet to ensure that the first weighing barrel  214  is fully unloaded when the first discharge electromagnetic valve  2112  is opened. 
     In the present embodiment, the loading bracket includes an upper supporting disk  212  and a lower supporting disk  213 . The upper supporting disk  212  and the lower supporting disk  213  are both horizontally sleeved on the first rotating shaft  217 . Specifically, in the present embodiment, the upper supporting disk  212  and the lower supporting disk  213  are both ring-like plates, and are concentric with the first rotating shaft  217 . Furthermore, the upper supporting disk  212  and the first rotating shaft  217 , and the lower supporting disk  213  and the first rotating shaft  217  are connected through supporting connection rods  2110 . The supporting connection rods  2110  extend in a radial direction of the first rotating shaft  217 . 
     The upper supporting disk  212  and the lower supporting disk  213  are provided with through holes corresponding to every first weighing barrel  214 , and the through holes correspond to each other in a vertical direction and are used to fix the first weighing barrel  214 . Furthermore, the diameter of the through hole formed in the lower supporting disk  213  is slightly greater than the diameter of the weighing barrel to prevent an interaction force between the lower supporting disk  213  and the first weighing barrel  214  from affecting the weighing accuracy and also prevent deflection of the weighing barrel. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the upper end of the first weighing barrel  214  is provided with a ring-like overlap edge  2111  extending to the outside. The arrangement of the ring-like overlap edge  2111  can prevent the first weighing barrel  214  from falling off to reinforce supporting and limiting from the upper supporting disk  212  to the first weighing barrel  214 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , on the basis of the present embodiment, in embodiment 1, the weighing unit includes a plurality of first weighing sensors  216 ; the plurality of first weighing sensors  216  respectively correspond to the first weighing barrels  214 ; the first weighing sensors  216  are all arranged on the upper supporting disk  212  and are located at the peripheries of the corresponding first weighing barrels  214 ; and the overlap edges of the first weighing barrels  214  are abutted against the corresponding first weighing sensors  216 . In specific implementation, the first weighing sensor  216  uses a ring-like axial weighing sensor, and is sleeved at the periphery of the corresponding first weighing barrel  214 . The liquid level detection device includes two first liquid level sensors  215 ; and the two first liquid level sensors  215  are both arranged at the top of the first barrel body  211  and respectively correspond to the water injection region  20   a  and the volume measurement region  20   c  to respectively detect a volume of the clear water in the first weighing barrel  214  after water injection in the water injection region  20   a  and a mixed volume of the mineral aggregate and water in the volume measurement region  20   c.    
     On the basis of the present embodiment, in embodiment 1, the water injection unit includes a first metering pump  2113  and a sprayer that is arranged on the base  1  and is used to inject water to the first weighing barrel  214  of the water injection region  20   a . The sprayer is communicated with the circulating water tank  201  by means of the first metering pump  2113  to realize quantitative water injection for the first weighing barrel  214 . 
     On the basis of the present embodiment, in embodiment 1, a filtration division layer  2114  is arranged in the circulating water tank  201 ; the filtration division layer  2114  divides the circulating water tank  201  into a muddy water chamber  2011  and a clear water chamber  2012 ; the dewatering screen  202  is arranged above the muddy water chamber  2011 ; and the clear water chamber  2012  is used to supply water to the water injection unit. As such, muddy water separated by the dewatering screen  202  enters the muddy water chamber  2011 ; the water in the muddy water chamber  2011  is supplemented to the clear water chamber  2012  after being filtered via the filtration division layer, so that cyclic use of the clear water is guaranteed, and the risk of blockage of the water injection unit is avoided. 
     Embodiment 3: Rotating Wheel Type Coal and Gangue Identification Device 
     The present embodiment provides another structure of the coal and gangue identification device in embodiment 1. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7    to  FIG.  11   , in the present embodiment, the rotary supporting frame includes a second rotating shaft  225 . The second rotating shaft  225  is horizontally mounted on the base  1  and is connected with a second motor  229  used to drive the second rotating shaft to rotate. A second weighing barrel  227  serving as a loading unit is arranged on the second rotating shaft  225 , and is uniformly distributed in a circumferential direction of rotation, and the second weighing barrel  227  synchronously rotates with the second rotating shaft  225 . An opening direction of the second weighing barrel  227  is consistent with a rotation direction of the second rotating shaft  225 , and the second weighing barrel  227  located in the water injection region  20   a  is located in the circulating water tank  201 . As such, with the rotation of the second rotating shaft  225 , when the second weighing barrel  227  enters the circulating water tank  201 , and a motion trajectory of the second weighing barrel  227  submerges in water, the second weighing barrel  227  also undergoes water injection with the rotation of the second rotating shaft  225 . 
     In the present embodiment, the water is always circulated between the circulating water tank  201  and the second weighing barrel  227 , and the second weighing barrel  227  is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the second rotating shaft  225 , so that it can be ensured that the water injection volume of the second weighing barrel  227  is the same at each time to realize quantitative setting of the water injection volume of the second weighing barrel  227  by means of adjustment of the water level in the circulating water tank  201 . 
     In the present embodiment, by means of setting the opening direction of the second weighing barrel  227 , after the opening of the second weighing barrel  227  is higher than the water level in the circulating water tank  201 , the volume of the second weighing barrel  227  is gradually increased on a motion trajectory with a certain length, i.e., the material adding region  20   b . As such, by means of setting the rotation speed of the second rotating shaft  225  and a discharge time interval of the distribution queuing device  100  relative to the rotation speed of the second rotating shaft  225 , it can be ensured that the second weighing barrel  227  enters the material adding region  20   b  and is then filled with the mineral aggregate by means of the distribution queuing device  100  to ensure that there is no water overflowing from the second weighing barrel  227  after the mineral aggregate fills. 
     Specifically, in embodiment 1, by means of setting the length of the discharge chute  103 , the speed of the first conveying belt, and a feeding time interval of the star-type feeder  102 , the filling time of the second weighing barrel  227  can be controlled. i.e., the position of the second weighing barrel  227  on the motion trajectory at the beginning of filling. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the opening direction of the second weighing barrel  227  is a tangent direction of rotation trajectory circle. 
     In the present embodiment, the second rotating shaft  225  is sleeved with a rotatably symmetric supporting part  226  that is of a quadrilateral star column structure, and each outer edge of the supporting part  226  is provided with one outer side plate. A slope of the supporting part  226  located between the outer edge and an inner edge is recorded as an edge slope; the edge slope opposite to the position of the outer side plate is recorded as an opposite slope; the edge slope located between the outer side plate and the corresponding opposite slope is recorded as a connection bottom surface; two opposite ends of the outer side plate are respectively provided with a first connection side plate and a second connection side plate; the outer side plate cooperates with the corresponding opposite slope, the connection bottom surface, a first connection side plate, and a second connection side plate to form the second weighing barrel  227 . In the present embodiment, the outer side plate is parallel to the corresponding opposite slope. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7   , in the present embodiment, the weighing unit includes a balance plate  221 , a balance box  222 , and a second weighing sensor  224 . The balance box is arranged on the base  1 ; and the balance plate  221  is arranged on the balance box and is located between the distribution queuing device  100  and the second rotating shaft  225 . The balance plate  221  is inclined, with a high end facing the distribution queuing device  100  and a bottom end facing the second rotating shaft  225  and corresponding to the opening of the second weighing barrel  227  located in the material adding region  20   b . The mineral aggregate output by the distribution queuing device  100  slides through the balance plate  221  into the second weighing barrel  227  located in the material adding region  20   b . The second weighing sensor  224  is arranged in the balance box, and is used to weigh the balance plate  221  to count the weight of the mineral aggregate passing through the balance plate  221 . Specifically, the second weighing sensor  224  can be arranged at the bottom of the balance plate  221 ; and the bottom of the balance plate  221  is provided with one straight rod abutting against the second weighing sensor  224 , so that the balance plate  221  applies a force to the second sensor. 
     In specific implementation, soft connection, such as an elastic pad, is arranged between the balance plate  221  and the balance box  222  to guarantee the measurement accuracy of the second weighing sensor  224 . The lower surface of the balance plate  221  can also be provided with a triangular fixture  223 . The triangular fixture  223  is of a right-angle structure, with a slope attached to the balance plate  221 , and a surface of the triangular fixture on a horizontal plane is directly or indirectly abutted against the second weighing sensor  224  to guarantee accurate measurement of a load on the balance plate  221 . 
     Specifically, in the present embodiment, the second weighing sensor  224  uses a cantilever weighing sensor, a cantilever of which abuts against the triangular fixture  223  from the bottom. 
     Referring to  FIG.  11   , on the basis of the present embodiment, in embodiment 1, the processor calculates, according to a detected value of the second weighing sensor  224 , the weight of the mineral aggregate that passes through the balance plate  221  and enters the second weighting barrel  227 . 
     In the rotating wheel type coal and gangue identification device of the present embodiment, a water supplementing tank  2211  and an overflow slot  2013  are further provided. The circulating water tank  201  is provided with an overflow port; the overflow slot  2013  is connected between the circulating water tank  201  and the water supplementing tank  2211  to convey water that overflows out of the circulating water tank  201  from the overflow port to the water supplementing tank  2211  for storage. Specifically, a second metering pump  228  used to convey the water in the water supplementing tank  2211  back to the circulating water tank  201  is also arranged between the water supplementing tank  2211  and the circulating water tank  201  to realize cyclic use of water resources. 
     On the basis of the present embodiment, in embodiment 1, the liquid level detection device uses a second liquid level sensor  2210  mounted on the base  1  by means of a supporting structure, and is used to detect a liquid level in the second weighing barrel  227  when the outer side plate is vertical, so as to facilitate calculation. 
     Embodiment 4: Coal and Gangue Sorting System 
     The system in the present embodiment includes a coal and gangue identification device and the coal and gangue sorting device. The coal and gangue identification device can specifically use the coal and gangue identification device provided by embodiment 2 or embodiment 3, or can use a y-ray type coal and gangue identification device. The coal and gangue sorting device is used to respectively transport coal and gangue that are identified by the coal and gangue identification device  200  to specified positions. 
     In specific implementation, the system in the present embodiment can also include a distribution queuing device, i.e., a coal and gangue sorting device is added on the basis of embodiment 1 to obtain the system in the present embodiment. 
     Embodiment 5: Coal and Gangue Sorting Device 
     Referring to  FIG.  12    and  FIG.  13   , the present embodiment provides one specific structure of the coal and gangue sorting device in embodiment 4. The coal and gangue sorting device includes a second conveying belt  431  mounted on the base  1 . A gangue runner and a clean coal runner are disposed on the second conveying belt  431  side by side. 
     Specifically, a mineral aggregate is discharged to the clean coal runner of the second conveying belt  431  when the coal and gangue identification device identifies that the mineral aggregate is clean coal; and the mineral aggregate is discharged to the gangue runner of the second conveying belt  431  when the coal and gangue identification device identifies that the mineral aggregate is gangue. With the motion of the second conveying belt  431 , the clean coal on the clean coal runner and the gangue on the gangue runner are respectively conveyed to the specified positions. 
     In the present embodiment, the second conveying belt  431  is provided with a runner partition plate  432  in the motion direction to realize separation of the gangue runner from the clean coal runner. 
     Specifically, when embodiment 1 uses the coal and gangue identification device shown in embodiment 2, a middle partition plate can further be arranged on the dewatering screen  202  to partition the dewatering screen  202  into both sides that respectively correspond to the clean coal runner and the gangue runner. If the processor identifies that the mineral aggregate in the first weighing barrel  214  is clean coal, when the first weighing barrel  214  moves to the side of the dewatering screen  202  corresponding to the clean coal runner, the first discharge electromagnetic valve  2112  is opened for blanking; and if the processor identifies that the mineral aggregate in the first weighing barrel  214  is gangue, when the first weighing barrel  214  moves to the side of the dewatering screen  202  corresponding to the gangue runner, the first discharge electromagnetic valve  2112  is opened for blanking. 
     Specifically, when embodiment 1 uses the coal and gangue identification device shown in embodiment 3, a transition mechanism can further be disposed between the dewatering screen  202  and the second conveying belt  431 . Specifically, the transition mechanism can be configured to be a mechanical arm controlled by the processor of the coal and gangue identification device, so that the processor controls the mechanical arm to move, according to a mineral aggregate identification result, the mineral aggregate to the corresponding clean coal runner or gangue runner after the mineral aggregate is dewatered via the dewatering screen  202 . The transition mechanism can also be configured to be a sliding rail located between the dewatering screen  202  and the second conveying belt  431 ; the high end of the sliding rail is rotatably mounted and faces the dewatering screen  202 , and the low end of the sliding rail is slidably mounted and faces the conveying belt; and both ends of a motion trajectory of the low end of the sliding rail respectively correspond to the gangue runner and the clean coal runner. When the low end of the sliding rail slides to one side of the gangue runner, the mineral aggregate on the dewatering screen  202  enters the gangue runner via the sliding rail; and when the low end of the sliding rail slides to one side of the clean coal runner, the mineral aggregate on the dewatering screen  202  enters the clean coal runner via the sliding rail. In specific implementation, the processor in the coal and gangue identification device can control a sliding rail driving motor to adjust the position of the low end of the sliding rail, thereby realizing adjustment of the position of the sliding rail according to the mineral aggregation identification result to perform directed conveying of the mineral aggregate. 
     Embodiment 6: Coal and Gangue Separation Device 
     Referring to  FIG.  14    to  FIG.  20   , the coal and gangue separation device provided by the present embodiment includes a first supporting seat  414 , a cantilever shaft  415 , a guide part  411 , and a plurality of stock bins. 
     The cantilever shaft  415  is horizontally mounted on the first supporting seat  414 ; a fixed end of the guide part  411  is connected with the cantilever shaft  415 , and the guide part  411  rotates around the cantilever shaft  415 ; and inlets of the plurality of stock bins are sequentially distributed on a rotation trajectory of a movable end of the guide part  411 . As such, the guide part  411  can be enabled to correspond to different inlets of the stock bins by means of adjusting an inclination angle of the guide part  411 , so that the mineral aggregate enters the corresponding stock bin by means of the guide part  411 . Specifically, in the present embodiment, the guide part  411  is in an inclined state when corresponding to the inlet of any stock bin, so that the mineral aggregate on the guide part  411  slides into the corresponding stock bin under the gravity. 
     Specifically, in the present embodiment, the guide part  411  is composed of a plurality of cantilever grate bars  4110  that are rotatably mounted on the cantilever shaft  415  and parallel to each other. As such, when a mineral aggregate appears on the guide part  411 , the corresponding cantilever grate bar  4110  is adjusted to rotate to adapt to the position and the width of the mineral aggregate to convey the mineral aggregate to a slideway of the corresponding stock bin, thereby avoiding redundant energy caused by overall rotation of the guide part  411 ; meanwhile, adjusting the cantilever grate bars  4110  by means of the corresponding mineral aggregates is also favorable for forming a plurality of passages corresponding to the inlets of different stock bins according to the needs of the mineral aggregates, thereby improving the mineral aggregate collection efficiency. 
     Specifically, in the present embodiment, each cantilever grate bar  4110  is provided with a corresponding grate bar driving mechanism. 
     Referring to  FIG.  14    and  FIG.  15   , in the present embodiment, a first grate bar driving mechanism is provided, including a first reset spring  4115 , a first push rod  4116 , and a first high-pressure nozzle  4111 . The first reset spring  4115  is arranged below the corresponding cantilever grate bar  4110 , with both ends respectively connected to the first supporting seat  414  and the corresponding cantilever grate bar  4110 . In a natural state of the first reset spring  4115 , the movable end of the corresponding cantilever grate bar  4110  corresponds to the stock bin having the inlet located at the highest position. The first high-pressure nozzle  4111  is arranged on the first supporting seat  414  and blows air to the first push rod  4116  to push the first push rod  4116  by means of air pressure to drive the cantilever grate bar  4110  to rotate downwards, so as to adjust a position correspondence relation between the movable end of the cantilever grate bar  4110  and the stock bin to realize feeding to different stock bins. Specifically, the grate bar driving mechanism further includes a first groove  4113  formed in a side of the first push rod  4116  facing the first high-pressure nozzle  4111 , and the first high-pressure nozzle  4111  blows air to the first groove  4113 . In the present embodiment, each first high-pressure nozzle  4111  is connected with an external air supply device by means of one first air feed electromagnetic valve  4114 . Specifically, in this implementation mode, the external air supply device is connected with all the first air feed electromagnetic valves  4114  by means of a first air feed pipe  4112  to feed air. 
     Referring to  FIG.  16   ,  FIG.  17   , and  FIG.  18   , in the present embodiment, a second grate bar driving mechanism provided includes a second push rod  4122 , a first extrusion rod  4123 , and a first sliding chute that is arranged on the lower surface of the cantilever grate bar  4110  and located on a rotatable plane of the cantilever grate bar  4110 . The lower end of the first extrusion rod  4123  is hinged with the first supporting seat  414 ; and the rotatable plane of the first extrusion rod  4123  overlaps the rotatable plane of the cantilever grate bar  4110 . The upper end of the first extrusion rod  4123  is provided with a first pulley  4121 , and the first pulley  4121  is embedded into the first sliding chute. In the present embodiment, the second push rod  4122  is an electric telescopic rod or a pneumatic telescopic rod; the second push rod  4122  is arranged on the first supporting seat  414 ; a free end of the second push rod  4122  is provided with a first hinging connection rod  4124 ; one end of the first hinging connection rod  4124  is hinged with the first extrusion rod  4123 ; and the other end of the first hinging connection rod  4124  is hinged with the free end of the second push rod  4122 , so as to drive the first extrusion rod  4123  to rotate by means of extension and retraction of the second push rod  4122  to adjust the inclination angle of the cantilever grate bar  4110 . Referring to  FIG.  18   , in specific implementation, the second push rod  4122  can also be configured to be an arc-shaped pneumatic; one end of the second push rod  4122  is fixedly connected with the first extrusion rod  4123 , and the other end of the second push rod is fixedly connected with the first supporting seat  414 ; the second push rod  4122  is located on a concentric circle of the rotation trajectory circle of the first extrusion rod  4123 ; and the deformation of the second push rod  4122  is controlled to drive the second extrusion rod  4133  to rotate to adjust the inclination angle of the cantilever grate bar  4110 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  19    and  FIG.  20   , in the present embodiment, a third grate bar driving mechanism provided includes a fixed rod  4131 , a third push rod  4132 , a second extrusion rod  4133 , and a second sliding chute arranged on the lower surface of the cantilever grate bar  4110 . The fixed rod  4131  is slantways arranged on the first supporting seat  414 , and the fixed rod  4131  is provided with a third sliding chute; and the third sliding chute and the second sliding chute are located in the same plane. Both ends of the second extrusion rod  4133  are respectively provided with a second pulley  4134  and a third pulley  4135 ; and the second pulley  4134  and the third pulley  4135  are respectively embedded into the second sliding chute and the third sliding chute. The third push rod  4132  uses a pneumatic telescopic rod or an electric telescopic rod; the third push rod  4132  is arranged on the first supporting seat  414 ; an extension and retraction direction of the third push rod  4132  is parallel to a lengthwise direction of the third sliding chute; and a movable end of the third push rod  4132  is connected with the second extrusion rod  4133 . As such, extension and retraction of the third push rod  4132  can drive the second extrusion rod  4133  to slide along the third sliding chute to adjust the inclination angle of the cantilever grate bar  4110 . 
     In the present embodiment, a fourth grate bar driving mechanism provided includes a fourth push rod. The fourth push rod uses a pneumatic telescopic rod or an electric telescopic rod; the fourth push rod is perpendicularly arranged on the first supporting seat  414 ; and the top end of the fourth push rod is in hinging connection with the lower surface of the cantilever grate bar  4110 . As such, extension and retraction of the fourth push rod can drive the cantilever grate bar  4110  to rotate. 
     In the present embodiment, one surface plate can be directly configured as the guide part  411 . At this time, the inclination angle of the guide part  411  can be manually adjusted. Any one of the above-mentioned grate bar driving mechanisms can also be applied to the guide part  411  to drive the guide part to rotate, thereby adjusting the guide part  411  to correspond to the inlets of the stock bins. 
     When the coal and gangue separation device provided by the present embodiment is used as a coal and gangue sorting device in embodiment 4, two stock bins are respectively used as a clean coal collection bin  413  and a gangue collection bin  412 . As such, in the present embodiment, the inclination angle of the guide part/cantilever grate bar can be adjusted according to an identification result of the coal and gangue identification device on the mineral aggregate to ensure that clean coal enters the clean coal collection bin  413  by means of the guide part/cantilever grate bar and gangue enters the gangue collection bin  412  by means of the guide part/cantilever grate bar. 
     When the coal and gangue separation device provided by the present embodiment is used as the coal and gangue sorting device in embodiment 4, the first supporting seat  414  is mounted on the base  1  to ensure a stable position between the coal and gangue identification device and the coal and gangue separation device. In specific implementation, the first supporting seat  414  and the base  1  can also be integrated. 
     Embodiment 7: Coal and Gangue Separation System 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   ,  FIG.  6   , and  FIG.  11   , on the basis of embodiment 4, a raw coal gangue-discharge complete system provided by the present embodiment uses the coal and gangue separation device disclosed in embodiment 6 as the coal and gangue sorting device, and a third conveying belt  301  is arranged between the coal and gangue identification device  200  and the coal and gangue separation device  400 ; the third conveying belt  301  is arranged on the base  1  and is used to transport the mineral aggregate dewatered by the dewatering screen  202  to the guide part  411 . Specifically, in the present embodiment, the first supporting seat  414  and the base  1  are integrated. 
     As such, when the raw coal gangue-discharge system in the present embodiment works, the mineral aggregate in the receiving hopper  101  is input to the coal and gangue identification device via the distribution queuing device  100 , and the coal and gangue identification device calculates a coal-to-gangue content ratio in the mineral aggregate; then, the coal and gangue identification device discharges the identified mineral aggregate to the dewatering screen  202 ; the mineral aggregate slides to the third conveying belt  301  along the dewatering screen  202 ; and the third conveying belt  301  carrying the mineral aggregate moves to the coal and gangue separation device to transport the mineral aggregate to the guide part  411 . 
     The raw coal gangue-discharge system in the present embodiment further includes a coal and gangue tracking unit  300 . The coal and gangue tracking unit  300  is used to identify the mineral aggregate on the third conveying belt  301  and track and locate the mineral aggregate. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the coal and gangue identification device  200  identifies coal and gangue; the coal and gangue tracking unit  300  acquires an identification result of the coal and gangue identification device  200 , and performs image recording and tracking on the identified clean coal and gangue to accurately identify constituents and a position of each mineral aggregate on the third conveying belt  301 , so that when the mineral aggregate enters the guide part  411 , the rotation angle of the corresponding cantilever grate bar  4110  is accurately adjusted. Therefore, the mineral aggregate enters the clean coal collection bin  413  when the mineral aggregate is clean coal and enters the gangue collection bin  412  when the mineral aggregate is gangue. 
     Specifically, in the present embodiment, the coal and gangue tracking unit  300  includes a camera  302  and an image processing module. The camera  302  is used to collect an image of the mineral aggregate on the third conveying belt  301 ; and the image processing module is used to identify the image collected by the camera  302  and judge whether the mineral aggregate in the image is clean coal or gangue. Specially, in the present embodiment, the coal and gangue tracking unit  300  firstly obtains the identification result of the coal and gangue identification device  200  on the mineral aggregate; the coal and gangue tracking unit  300  collects the identified mineral aggregate image as a reference sample, and each reference sample is associated with an identification result; and then the coal and gangue tracking unit  300  compares the collected image of the mineral aggregate on the third conveying belt  301  with the reference sample to track and accurately locate the mineral aggregate on the third conveying belt  301 , so that the coal and gangue separation device accurately feeds each mineral aggregate to the corresponding stock bin according to the constituents in combination with the position of the mineral aggregate. Specifically, in the present embodiment, when the mineral aggregate enters the corresponding stock bin, the coal and gangue tracking unit  300  deletes the reference sample corresponding to the mineral aggregate to improve the comparison efficiency between the mineral aggregate image and the reference sample, thereby guaranteeing the timeliness and the accuracy of tracking and localization for the mineral aggregate. 
     In specific implementation, the coal and gangue identification device  200  in the present embodiment can further use a γ ray identification device. Moreover, along the motion direction of the third conveying belt  301 , the γ ray identification device is used to identify the mineral aggregate located at the front end of the coal and gangue tracking unit  300 . 
     In specific implementation, a transfer chute  303  can also be arranged between the third conveying belt  301  and the guide part  411 ; the transfer chute  303  is slantways arranged on the first supporting seat  414 ; the high end of the transfer chute  303  faces the third conveying belt  301 , and the low end of the transfer chute  303  faces the guide part  411 , so that the mineral aggregate slides onto the guide part  411  by means of the transfer chute  303  after being separated from the third conveying belt  301  to ensure steady transportation of the mineral aggregate. 
     Embodiment 8: Coal and Gangue Sorting Device and Raw Coal Gangue-Discharge System 
     Referring to  FIG.  21    and  FIG.  22   , the coal and gangue sorting device provided by the present embodiment includes a second supporting seat, a separation bracket  421 , a fourth conveying belt  422 , a fifth conveying belt  423 , and a deflector rod  424 . 
     The fourth conveying belt  422  and the fifth conveying belt  423  are disposed on the second supporting seat side by side; the separation bracket  421  is arranged on the second supporting seat; the deflector rod  424  is rotatably mounted on the separation bracket  421  and is located above the fourth conveying belt  422 ; a rotation direction of the deflector rod  424  is perpendicular to a motion direction of the fourth conveying belt  422 ; and the deflector rod  424  is used to push the mineral aggregate on the fourth conveying belt  422  onto the fifth conveying belt  423 . 
     As such, separation of the mineral aggregation from the fourth conveying belt  422  can be realized by means of pushing of the deflector rod  424 , so that different mineral aggregates are respectively conveyed to different directions by means of the fourth conveying belt  422  and the fifth conveying belt  423 . In the present embodiment, two opposite sides of the fourth conveying belt  422  are each provided with one fifth conveying belt  423 , so that the fifth conveying belts  423  conveniently convey the mineral aggregate pushed out of the fourth conveying belt  422  by the deflector rod  424  in any direction. 
     In the present embodiment, a plurality of deflector rods  424  are provided, and the plurality of deflector rods  424  are distributed in the motion direction of the fourth conveying belt  422 . As such, by means of the pushing from the plurality of deflector rods  424 , if there are too many mineral aggregates on the fourth conveying belt  422 , continuous short-distance pushing by the plurality of deflector rods  424  guarantees accurate separation of the mineral aggregates. In the same way, the plurality of deflector rods  424  are also sequentially distributed in a width direction of the fourth conveying belt  422 . 
     In the present embodiment, each fifth conveying belt  423  is provided with one corresponding baffle plate  429 . The baffle plate  429  is arranged on the second supporting seat and is located on a side of the corresponding fifth conveying belt  423  facing away from the fourth conveying belt  422 . The baffle plate  429  is used to prevent the mineral aggregate pushed by the deflector rod  424  onto the fifth conveying belt  423  from falling off from the edge of the fifth conveying belt  423 . 
     The coal and gangue sorting device in the present embodiment further includes a deflector rod driving mechanism. Each deflector rod  424  is provided with a corresponding deflector rod driving mechanism. The deflector rod driving mechanism includes a second reset spring  427 , a second high-pressure nozzle  425 , and a second air feed electromagnetic valve  426 . Both ends of the second reset spring  427  are respectively connected with the separation bracket  421  and the corresponding deflector rods  424 ; the second high-pressure nozzle  425  is arranged on the separation bracket  421 ; and the second high-pressure nozzle  425  is used to spray air to the corresponding deflector rod  424  to drive the deflector rod  424  to rotate. The second high-pressure nozzle  425  is connected with the external air supply device by means of the corresponding second air feed electromagnetic valve  426 . As such, the second air feed electromagnetic valve  426  is controlled to be opened to control the second high-pressure nozzle  425  to work to spray air to drive the deflector rod  424  to push the mineral aggregate on the fourth conveying belt  422 . When the second air feed electromagnetic valve  426  is closed, the second high-pressure nozzle  425  stops working, and the deflector rod  424  is reset to the original position under the action of the reset elasticity of the second reset spring  427 . Specifically, in the present embodiment, a side of the deflector rod  424  facing the second high-pressure nozzle  425  is provided with a second groove  4210 , and the second high-pressure nozzle  425  sprays air to the second groove  4210 . 
     Specifically, in the present embodiment, all the second high-pressure nozzles  425  share the same external air supply device. The external air supply device is connected to all the second high-pressure nozzles  425  by means of second air feed pipes  428 . All the second air feed electromagnetic valves  426  are located between the corresponding second high-pressure nozzles  425  and the second air feed pipes  428 . 
     When the coal and gangue sorting device provided by the present embodiment is used in embodiment 4 to form the raw coal gangue-discharge system, the second supporting seat is integrated with the base  1 ; the fourth conveying belt  422  is located on a side of the dewatering screen  202  away from the coal and gangue identification device; and the fourth conveying belt  422  is used to transport the mineral aggregate dewatered by the dewatering screen  202 . In specific implementation, the fourth conveying belt  422  can be used as a clean coal conveying belt, and the fifth conveying belt  423  can be used as a gangue conveying belt; or, the fourth conveying belt  422  can be used as a gangue conveying belt, and the fifth  2 ′ conveying belt  423  can be used as a clean coal conveying belt. Meanwhile, a clean coal collection box and a gangue collection box can also be arranged on the base  1  to respectively correspond to the clean coal conveying belt and the gangue conveying belt. 
     In the present embodiment, control modules that are respectively connected with the coal and gangue identification device and all the second air feed electromagnetic valves  426  can be configured in combination with an automatic control technology. The control modules control, according to the identification result of the coal and gangue identification device on the mineral aggregate, the second air feed electromagnetic valves  426  corresponding to all the deflector rods  424  to work. That is, when the control module obtains the position of a certain mineral aggregate needing to be removed according to the coal and gangue identification device, the control module controls the second air feed electromagnetic valve  426  connected to the deflector rod  424  corresponding to the position of the mineral aggregate to be opened, so that the deflector rod  424  pushes the mineral aggregate onto the fifth conveying belt  423 . Specifically, the control module controls the second air feed electromagnetic valve  426  to be closed after controlling the second air feed electromagnetic valve  426  to be opened for a period of time, thus facilitating resetting of the deflector rod  424 . 
     In the present embodiment, a coal and gangue tracking unit  300  can also be arranged on the base  1 . The coal and gangue tracking unit  300  is located between the dewatering screen  202  and the deflector rod  424  and is used to track and locate the mineral aggregate on the fourth conveying belt  422  according to the identification result of the coal and gangue identification device on the mineral aggregate. Meanwhile, the control modules are connected with the coal and gangue tracking unit  300 , and control, according to the tracking and localization of the coal and gangue tracking unit  300  for the mineral aggregate, the second air feed electromagnetic valves  426  corresponding to all the deflector rods  424  to work. 
     Specifically, in the present embodiment, the coal and gangue tracking unit  300  includes a camera  302  and an image processing module. The camera  302  is used to collect an image of the mineral aggregate on the fourth conveying belt  422 ; and the image processing module is used to identify the image collected by the camera  302  and judge whether the mineral aggregate in the image is clean coal or gangue. Specifically, the working principle of the coal and gangue tracking unit  300  refers to embodiment 7. 
     In specific implementation, the coal and gangue tracking unit  300  in the present embodiment can also use a y ray identification device. 
     In embodiment 1 to embodiment 8, in specific implementation, the dewatering screen  202  is composed of an upper guide plate, screen cloth and a lower guide plate. The upper guide plate, the screen cloth and the lower guide plate are disposed on the same inclined plane and are arranged from top to bottom. The upper guide plate is beneficial to the formation of an inertial motion of the mineral aggregate, so that the mineral aggregate passes through the screen cloth more steadily to reduce the friction influence. The installation position of the screen cloth corresponds to the circulating water tank  201  or the muddy water chamber  2011 . The lower guide plate is used to abut with a mechanism at the rear end of the dewatering screen  202 , such as the second conveying belt  431 , the sliding rail or the third conveying belt or the fourth conveying belt  422 , so that the mineral aggregate is conveyed to the rear-end mechanism via the lower guide plate after being dewatered by the screen cloth, which avoids run off of the clear water drained by the loading unit and also prevents the rear-end mechanism from being wetted and damaged. 
     In the above-mentioned embodiments, the base  1  is arranged to guarantee the stability of the relative positions between different devices to ensure connection of the working processes between different devices or units. In specific implementation, the base  1  can be removed, or the lower surface of the base  1  is further provided with wheels  2  to facilitate the movement of the base  1 . 
     Embodiment 9: Linear Coal and Gangue Separation Device and System 
     Referring to  FIG.  25   , the present embodiment provides a linear coal and gangue separation device, including a transmission chain  441 , a sixth conveying belt  442 , and a seventh conveying belt  443 . The transmission chain  441  is movably disposed, and the sixth conveying belt  442  and the seventh conveying belt  443  are disposed below the upper surface of the transmission chain  441  side by side. 
     The transmission chain  441  is provided with a chain slot  4410  used to be filled with a mineral aggregate; the bottom of the chain slot  4410  is provided with a second discharge electromagnetic valve  444  used to control discharge; and the second discharge electromagnetic valve  444  is used to control, according to an identification result on the mineral aggregate in the corresponding chain slot  4410 , the chain slot  4410  to discharge the mineral aggregate to the sixth conveying belt  442  or the seventh conveying belt  443 . For example, the sixth conveying belt  442  and the seventh conveying belt  443  are respectively a clean coal conveying belt and a gangue conveying belt; when the mineral aggregate in a certain chain slot  4410  is clean coal, and the chain slot  4410  moves to a position above the sixth conveying belt  442 , the second discharge electromagnetic valve  444  corresponding to the chain slot  4410  is opened; and when the mineral aggregate in a certain chain slot  4410  is gangue, and the chain slot  4410  moves to a position above the seventh conveying belt  443 , the second discharge electromagnetic valve  444  corresponding to the chain slot  4410  is opened. 
     In the present embodiment, a plurality of chain slots  4410  are arrayed on the transmission chain  441  to facilitate transportation of the mineral aggregate. Moreover, motion directions of the sixth conveying belt  442  and the seventh conveying belt  443  are perpendicular to a motion direction of the transmission chain  441  to facilitate coal and gangue separation relative to the motion directions of the chain slots  4410  by means of the sixth conveying belt  442  and the seventh conveying belt  443 . 
     In the present embodiment, the highest plane where a motion trajectory of the transmission chain  441  is a horizontal plane; and carrying surfaces of the sixth conveying belt  442  and the seventh conveying belt  443  are located below the highest plane. Specifically, the present embodiment further includes a tension roller  446  and a fixed roller  445 . The tension roller  446  and the fixed roller  445  are rotatably disposed and parallel to each other; the transmission chain  441  is arranged on the tension roller  446  and the fixed roller  445 ; and there are four fixed rollers  445  distributed to form a rectangle. 
     Referring to  FIG.  25   , in the present embodiment, a linear coal and gangue separation system is further provided, including a coal and gangue identification device  200  and the linear coal and gangue separation device in the present embodiment. The coal and gangue identification device  200  is used to identify a mineral aggregate; the sixth conveying belt  442  and the seventh conveying belt  443  are respectively used to convey clean coal and gangue; and the chain slot  4410  is used to accommodate the mineral aggregate identified by the coal and gangue identification device  200 . 
     The linear coal and gangue separation system further includes a second transportation mechanism  54 . The second transportation mechanism  54  is used to transport the mineral aggregate output by the coal and gangue identification device to the chain slot  4410  that is located at the highest plane of the motion trajectory of the transmission chain  441 . 
     In the present embodiment, the coal and gangue identification device can use the coal and gangue identification device provided in embodiment 2, and the rotating wheel type coal and gangue identification device or photoelectric sorting device provided in embodiment 3. 
     Embodiment 10. Multi-Thread Coal and Gangue Separation System 
     Referring to  FIG.  25    and  FIG.  26   , the present embodiment provides a multi-thread coal and gangue separation system, including a distribution queuing device  100 , a coal and gangue identification device  200 , and a coal and gangue separation device. The distribution queuing device  100  is used to respectively convey mineral aggregates according to particle size grades to the corresponding coal and gangue identification devices  200  for identification; and the coal and gangue separation device is used to convey, according to identification results, the mineral aggregate output by each coal and gangue identification device  200 . 
     The coal and gangue separation device in the present embodiment uses the linear coal and gangue separation device provided in embodiment 9. The coal and gangue identification device  200  in the present embodiment uses the coal and gangue identification device provided in embodiment 2, and the rotating wheel type coal and gangue identification device or photoelectric sorting device provided in embodiment 3. 
     In the present embodiment, the distribution queuing device  100  includes a grading screen  106  and a discharge chute  103 . The grading screen  106  is composed of a plurality of screen cloths with different apertures. The quantity of the screen cloths is equal to the quantity of the coal and gangue identification devices. The discharge chute  103  is used to convey the mineral aggregates screened by all the screen cloths to the corresponding coal and gangue identification devices  200 . As such, different coal and gangue identification devices identify the mineral aggregates with the corresponding particle sizes to facilitate further improving the identification accuracy. In the present embodiment, the discharge chute  103  is provided with a sequencing runner  107 ; an inlet of the sequencing runner  107  is provided with a diversion and material separation structure  108 ; an outlet of the sequencing runner  107  faces the corresponding coal and gangue identification device; and the diversion and material separation structure  108  is of a flared structure, with the narrow end connected to the sequencing runner  107 . As such, by means of the drainage of the diversion and material separation structure  108 , it is ensured that the mineral aggregates orderly enter the sequencing runner  107 , so as to orderly enter the coal and gangue identification devices, which is beneficial to preventing the mineral aggregates from blocking the discharge chute  103 . 
     Referring to embodiment 1, in the present embodiment, the lower surface of the discharge chute  103  can also be provided with a shock excitation motor  105 ; the shock excitation motor  105  is configured to have relatively low shock excitation speed to guarantee full dispersion of the mineral aggregates; and when the mineral aggregates jump on the slot surfaces, the mineral aggregates can be kept to one side of the sequencing runner  107  and orderly line up to avoid overlapping of materials with small particle sizes. 
     In specific implementation, a plurality of discharge chutes  103  that are in one-to-one correspondence to the various coal and gangue identification devices can be arranged in the distribution queuing device  100 . One or more sequencing runners that transport the mineral aggregates to the same coal and gangue identification device can be arranged on the various discharge chutes  103 . In specific implementation, the distribution queuing device  100  can also be provided with one discharge chute  103 . Sequencing runners  107  that are in one-to-one correspondence to the various coal and gangue identification devices are arranged on the discharge chute  103 , so as to transport the mineral aggregates to the corresponding coal and gangue identification devices  200  by means of the various sequencing runners  107 . In this implementation mode, it needs to ensure that the mineral aggregates at the various particle size grades and output by the grading screen  106  enter the corresponding diversion and material separation structures  108 . 
     In specific implementation, the grading screen  106  can be arranged in the receiving hopper  101 ; outlets corresponding to the screen cloths with different apertures are formed in the receiving hopper  101 ; and the mineral aggregates at the corresponding particle size grades are conveyed to the corresponding discharge chutes  103  or the diversion and material separation structures  108  by means of the outlets. In the present embodiment, the plurality of screen cloths in the grading screen  106  are distributed from top to bottom according to the apertures from large to small. Specifically, as shown in  FIG.  25   , the grading screen  106  uses a multilayer vibration grading screen, and the number of layers is set according to queuing and separation needs and the size of an alley space. In the present embodiment, a four-layer grading screen  106  can be arranged for a mineral aggregate of 25 to 300 mm. The partition particle size of each layer of screen cloth is [25-50 mm), [50-100 mm), [100-200 mm), and [200-300 mm]. 
     In the present embodiment, a coal and gangue tracking unit and a control module are further included. The coal and gangue tracking unit is used to track and locate the mineral aggregates in the chain slots according to the identification results of the coal and gangue identification devices; and the control module controls, according to a tracking result of the coal and gangue tracking unit, the various second discharge electromagnetic valves  444  to work to ensure that the clean coal and the gangue in the chain slots  4410  are accurately discharged onto the sixth conveying belt  442  and the seventh conveying belt. 
     In the present embodiment, a second transportation mechanism  54  is further included. The second transportation mechanism  54  is used to transport the mineral aggregates output by the various coal and gangue identification devices to the corresponding chain slots  4410 . The second transportation mechanism is composed of a plurality of star-type feeders arranged side by side; the plurality of star-type feeders respectively correspond to the plurality of coal and gangue identification devices; and rotating shafts of the plurality of star-type feeders are colinear and share the same driving motor. As such, the quantity of the star-type feeders is equal to the quantity of the coal and gangue identification devices and the quantity of chain slot arrays in a direction perpendicular to the transmission chain  441 . By means of the star-type feeders, the mineral aggregates output by the coal and gangue identification devices are accurately conveyed to rows corresponding to the chain slot arrays. 
     The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements that are made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.