Patent Publication Number: US-2022230478-A1

Title: Radio frequency identification (rfid) sensor network for a work machine

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to patent application Ser. No. 17/151,932 having the title “Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Sensor Network for a Work Machine” filed Jan. 19, 2021, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The present disclosure relates to a work machine, and more particularly to a method and apparatus to identify a fault condition of a component of an agricultural work machine. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Work machines are configured to perform a wide variety of tasks for use as construction machines, forestry machines, lawn maintenance machines, as well as on-road machines such as those used to plow snow, spread salt, or machines with towing capability. Additionally, work machines include agricultural machines, such as a tractor or a self-propelled combine-harvester, which include a prime mover that generates power to perform work. In the case of a tractor, for instance, the prime mover is often a diesel engine that generates power from a supply of diesel fuel. The diesel engine drives a transmission which moves wheels or treads to propel the tractor across a field at a designated speed. Tractors often include a power takeoff (PTO) which includes a shaft coupled to the transmission and driven by the engine to power a machine being pulled or pushed through a field by the tractor. Other agricultural work machines include machines pulled by a tractor, for instance, pull type combines, pull type harvesters, pull type balers, seeders, and spreaders. Work machines are also known as work vehicles. 
     Tractors can be steered through a field by a manual command provided by an operator located in a cab through a manually controlled steering device, such as a steering wheel or joystick, or by an automatic steering command. In the case of an automatic steering command, a steering control signal can be provided by a global positioning system (GPS) signal. Steering control systems often include one or more sensors configured to sense a position of the steering device or a position of the wheels with respect to a frame of the machine. 
     Harvesting machines, such as hay and foraging machines utilized in the processing of plant material can include mowers, conditioners, flail choppers, windrowers, combines, forage harvesters, and balers for both dry and silage uses. Such harvesting machines are often pulled by the tractor through a field. Self-propelled harvesting machinery is also known. 
     Historically, tractors and harvesting machines have been driven by an operator. One of the tasks the operator performed was to “listen” to the machine during operation to make sure there are no damaged or broken components on the machine. In some work vehicles, however, a damaged or broken component may not provide a sound that indicates a part is damaged or broken, and may only be noticed by a work machine failing to properly carry out an operation, i.e. a fault condition. 
     In some machines, temperature sensors are used to identify systems, parts, or devices that are experiencing fault conditions. In some machines, temperature sensing is done with stationary thermocouples in engines, oil baths, or air intakes, for example. These sensors are connected by wire to a controller. Various sensors are also attached to moving parts, for example a rotating shaft. Communication to a processing unit can occur via wire with a slip ring, or wirelessly with a powered (battery powered) beacon; which are expensive and require frequent maintenance. 
     Today&#39;s agricultural equipment is becoming more complex with higher expectations for reliability. Predictive monitoring of equipment can reduce costly downtime, for example saving hay that needs to be baled when the rain clouds are rolling in. The cost of sensors for all of the potential failure locations, the challenge of mounting them on moving parts, and connecting them to a processing unit, make it impractical and cost prohibitive to implement. In other circumstances, the fact that a machine is failing to work as intended, may not be noticeable as there may not be warning signs to indicate that a part is failing or has failed. What is needed, therefore, is a system to identify a fault condition in a machine part, device, or component, and in particular to identify a fault condition before the part experiencing the fault condition fails completely. 
     SUMMARY 
     In one embodiment, there is provided a method of detecting a fault condition in one or more balers, each of which includes a crop feed system and a bale chamber, wherein each of the one or more balers is configured to bale cut crop. The method includes: identifying at least one location in the one or more balers, wherein the at least one identified location generates heat during an operation of a component of the crop feed system or the bale chamber; placing a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag at the at least one identified location, wherein the RFID tag includes a temperature sensing feature; receiving transmitted data from the RFID tag; identifying, from the received data, a temperature value of the at least one identified location; and providing an indicator based on the identified temperature value. 
     In another embodiment, there is provided a system for identifying a fault condition in one or more balers, each of which includes a plurality of components. The system includes one or more RFID tags, wherein each of the one or more RFID tags includes a temperature sensor and a coupler to connect each one of the one or more RFID tags to a location at, near, or on one of the plurality of components. A receiver is configured to receive temperature information from each of the one or more RFID tags. A controller is operatively connected to the receiver and to a user interface, wherein the controller includes a processor and a memory. The memory is configured to store program instructions and the processor is configured to execute the stored program instructions to: receive temperature information from the receiver; identify a fault condition of one or more of the plurality of components based on the received temperature information; and display an indicator at the user interface based on the identified fault condition. 
     In a further embodiment, there is provided a baler configured to bale cut crop. The baler includes a crop feed system, a bale chamber, and one or more RFID tags, each of which includes a temperature sensing feature. Each of the one or more RFID tags is located on, at, or near a component of one the crop feed system, or the bale chamber. An RFID tag reader is configured to receive temperature information from the one or more RFID tags. The baler further includes a user interface having one or more indicators and a controller operatively connected to the user interface and to the RFID tag reader. The controller includes a processor and a memory. The memory is configured to store program instructions and the processor is configured to execute the stored program instructions to: receive the temperature information from the RFID tag reader; identify a fault condition of one or more of the plurality of components based on the received temperature information; and activate one of the one or more indicators at the user interface based on the identified fault condition. 
     In an additional embodiment, there is provided a method of detecting a fault condition in one or more balers, each of which includes a crop feed system and a bale chamber, wherein each of the one or more balers is configured to bale cut crop. The method includes: identifying at least one location in the one or more balers, wherein the at least one identified location generates heat during an operation of a component of the baler; placing a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag at the at least one identified location, wherein the RFID tag includes a temperature sensing feature, an energy harvester, and a temperature signal transmitter; receiving RF energy at the energy harvester to energize the energy harvester, wherein the RF energy is one of ambient RF energy or directed RF energy transmitted by a tag reader; powering the temperature signal transmitter with the energy harvester; transmitting, to a receiver, temperature data from the powered temperature signal transmitter of the RFID tag; identifying, at the receiver from the transmitted temperature data, a temperature value of the at least one identified location; and providing an indicator based on the identified temperature value. 
     In some embodiments, the method includes wherein the transmitting temperature data further comprises transmitting temperature data from the powered temperature signal transmitter with a signal having a radio frequency in the 2.4 GHz spectrum band. 
     In some embodiment, the method includes wherein the powered temperature signal transmitter is a Bluetooth transmitter. 
     In some embodiments, the method includes wherein the receiving RF energy includes receiving ambient RF energy at the energy harvester to energize the energy harvester. 
     In some embodiments, the method includes wherein the transmitting, to a receiver, includes transmitting a Bluetooth signal to a Bluetooth receiver. 
     In some embodiments, the method includes wherein the transmitting to a receiver includes transmitting the Bluetooth signal to a cellular device capable of receiving the Bluetooth signal and wirelessly transmitting the temperature data to a cloud system for storing in the cloud system. 
     In some embodiments, the method includes wherein the transmitting temperature data to the receiver includes transmitting, a plurality of temperature data of the at least one location to the cellular device and wirelessly transmitting the plurality of temperature data for storing in the cloud system. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes determining a characteristic temperature of the at least one identified location based on the plurality of temperature data stored in the cloud system. 
     In some embodiments, the method includes wherein the at least one identified location includes one or more of a baler roller, a PTO driveline, a crop pickup assembly, a crop feeding rotor, or a gearbox. 
     In some embodiments, the method includes wherein the identifying at least one location in the one or more balers, wherein the at least one identified location includes a location that receives ambient temperature from the one or more balers. 
     In some embodiments, the method includes determining a characteristic temperature of the at least one identified location based on the plurality of temperature data stored in the cloud system and the ambient temperature of the location that receives ambient temperature. 
     In a further embodiment, there is provided a system for identifying a fault condition in one or more balers, each of which includes a plurality of components. The system includes one or more Bluetooth enabled RFID tags, wherein each of the one or more Bluetooth enabled RFID tags includes a temperature sensing feature, an energy harvester, and a signal transmitter. Each of the Bluetooth enabled RFID tags is powered by the energy harvester and the signal transmitter is configured to transmit the received temperature information as a Bluetooth signal. A Bluetooth enabled receiver is configured to receive the temperature information from each of the one or more of the Bluetooth enabled RFID tags. A user interface is operatively connected to the Bluetooth receiver and a controller is operatively connected to the Bluetooth receiver and to the user interface. The controller includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to store program instructions and the processor is configured to execute the stored program instructions to: receive temperature information from the Bluetooth receiver; identify a fault condition of one or more of the plurality of components based on the received temperature information; and display an indicator at the user interface based on the identified fault condition. 
     In some embodiments, the system includes wherein the energy harvester is configured to provide energy to the signal transmitter in response to received RF energy. 
     In some embodiments, the system includes wherein the energy harvester is configured to provide energy to the signal transmitter in response to received ambient RF energy. 
     In some embodiments, the system includes wherein the controller is located in the cloud and the processor is configured to execute the stored program instructions to: determine if the received temperature information exceeds a predetermined threshold. 
     In some embodiments, the system includes wherein at least one of the one or more Bluetooth enabled RFID tags is located within one of the one or more balers to determine an ambient temperature within the one or more balers and the remaining one or more Bluetooth enabled RFID tags are located at one or more parts of the one or more balers to determine a temperature of the one or more parts. 
     In some embodiments, the system includes wherein the processor is configured to execute stored program instructions to: identify a fault condition if the determined temperature of the one or more parts exceeds a predetermined threshold based on the ambient temperature. 
     In another embodiment, there is provided a baler configured to bale cut crop including a crop feed system and a bale chamber and one or more Bluetooth enabled RFID tags, each of which includes a temperature sensing feature, wherein each of the one or more RFID tags is located on, at, or near a component of the baler. A Bluetooth enabled receiver is configured to receive the Bluetooth temperature information from each of the one or more of the Bluetooth enabled RFID tags. A controller is operatively connected to the user interface and to the Bluetooth enabled receiver. The controller includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to store program instructions and the processor is configured to execute the stored program instructions to: receive the temperature information from the Bluetooth enabled receiver; identify a fault condition of one or more of the plurality of components based on the received temperature information from the Bluetooth enabled receiver; and activate an indicator to identify a fault condition at one of the one or more Bluetooth enabled RFID tags that are located on, at, or near a component of the baler. 
     In some embodiments, the baler includes wherein the activate an indicator includes comparing the received temperature information to a predetermined temperature. 
     In some embodiments, the baler includes wherein the predetermined temperature is one of an absolute threshold, a relative threshold, an expected temperature, a comparative temperature, or a change in temperature over a period of time. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above-mentioned aspects of the present invention and the manner of obtaining them will become more apparent and the invention itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of the embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an example baler towed by an agricultural machine; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the baler of  FIG. 1 , with portions of the cover of the baler removed; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic elevational side view of the baler of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic block diagram of a control system configured to determine a fault condition of a component or system of a work machine; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an RFID sensor coupled to a bearing; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an RFID sensor coupled to a gearbox; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates components of the baler of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a network of RFID sensors; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an embodiment of a screen display; and 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a schematic block diagram of a control system configured to determine a fault condition of a component or system of a work machine using temperature sensing tags. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The embodiments of the present disclosure described below are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise forms disclosed in the following detailed description. Rather, the embodiments are chosen and described so that others skilled in the art may appreciate and understand the principles and practices of the present disclosure. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , an agricultural machine  10 , such as a tractor, is coupled to a round baler  20  which is towed across a field by the agricultural machine  10 . (It will be understood that various other configurations are also possible. For example, the disclosed systems and methods may be utilized with a variety of balers or other harvesting machines, either puled by a machine or a self-propelled machine.) The tractor  10  includes a frame supported by wheels  21  which are driven by an engine, not shown, located in a housing  24 , and also supported by the frame. A cab  26  is supported by the frame and includes an operator station configured to enclose a user operating the tractor  10  with a user control console, as is understood by one skilled in the art. An antenna  28  is located on the cab  26  and is configured to receive and to transmit wireless signals to and from an externally located source of data information, such as is available over the web through a cloud system, or to and from a global positioning system (GPS)  29  (See  FIG. 4 ) which is configured to supply location information machine control information to a tractor controller  30 . In different embodiments, for instance, the GPS system directs the machine  10  through the field along a predetermined path to provide for planting, harvesting, plowing, and fertilizing. Other machine functions are contemplated. 
     The round baler  20  includes a housing  32 . The housing  32  is attached to and supported by a frame  22  of the baler  20 . The housing  32  may include one or more walls or panels that at least partially enclose and/or define an interior region. The round baler  20  further includes a gate  36 . (See  FIGS. 1 and 2 .) The gate  36  may include one or more walls or panels that at least partially enclose and/or define the interior region. As such, the housing  32  and the gate  36  cooperate to define the interior region therebetween. 
     As baler  20  moves across a field (e.g., as towed by machine  10  via connection  33 ) and encounters a windrow or other arrangement of material (not shown), a pick-up assembly  48  (See  FIG. 3 ) gathers the material and moves it up and into baler  20  for processing. As a result of this processing, as described in greater detail below, a round bale is formed and ejected from the gate  36  of baler  20 . The connection  33  also includes a power take-off, as is understood by one skilled in the art, and a gearbox (not shown) located within a housing  35 . 
     As seen in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the gate  36  is attached to and rotatably supported by the housing  32 . The gate  36  is positioned adjacent a rearward end  38  of the frame  22  relative to a direction of travel  40  of the round baler  20  while gathering crop material, and is pivotably moveable about a gate rotation axis  42 . The gate rotation axis  42  is generally horizontal and perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis  44  of the frame  22 . The central longitudinal axis  44  of the round baler  20  extends between the forward end  28  and the rearward end  38  of the round baler  20 . The gate  36  is moveable between a closed position for forming a bale  56  within the interior region  34 , and an open position for discharging the bale  56  from the interior region  34  onto a ground surface  46   
     The round baler  20  includes the pick-up  48  disposed proximate the forward end of the frame  22 . The pick-up  48  gathers crop material from the ground surface  46  and directs the gathered crop material toward and into an inlet  50  of the interior region  34 . The pickup may include, but is not limited to tines, forks, augers, conveyors, baffles, etc., for gathering and moving the crop material. The round baler  20  may be equipped with a pre-cutter (not shown), disposed between the pickup and the inlet  50 . As such, the pre-cutter is disposed downstream of the pickup and upstream of the inlet  50  relative to movement of the crop material. As is understood by those skilled in the art, the pre-cutter cuts or chops the crop material into smaller pieces. 
     A bale formation system  52  is disposed within the interior region  34  and defines baling chamber  54 , within which bale  56  is formed. The bale formation system  52  is operable to form the bale  56  to have a cylindrical shape. 
     The bale formation system  52 , in one embodiment, is configured as a variable chamber baler. Referring to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , and as is understood by those skilled in the art, the variable chamber baler includes at least one, and may include a plurality of longitudinally extending side-by-side forming belts  64  that are supported by a plurality of rollers  66 . The forming belts  64  define the baling chamber  54  and move in an endless loop to form crop material into the bale  56 . The bale  56  is formed by the forming belts  64  and one or more side walls of the housing  32  and gate  36 . As is understood by those skilled in the art, the forming belts  64  are controlled to vary the diametric size of the baling chamber  54 . 
     The plurality of rollers  66  support the forming belts  64 . At least one of the rollers  66  is a take-up roller  68 . The take-up roller  68  is moveably coupled to one of the gate  36  or the housing  32 , and is operable or moveable to decrease slack in the forming belts  64  when the gate  36  of the round baler  20  is opened. Additionally, at least one of the plurality of rollers  66  may include a drive roller  70  that is operable to drive the forming belts  64  in the endless loop through frictional engagement between the forming belts  64  and the drive roller  70 . 
     The crop material is directed through the inlet  50  and into the baling chamber  54 , whereby the forming belts  64  roll the crop material in a spiral fashion into the bale  56  having the cylindrical shape. The belts apply a constant pressure to the crop material as the crop material is formed into the bale  56 . A belt tensioner  72  continuously moves one or more of the rollers  66 , and thereby the forming belts  64 , radially outward relative to the centerline  62  of the cylindrical bale  56  as a diameter of the bale  56  increases. The belt tensioner  72  maintains the appropriate tension in the belts to obtain the desired density of the crop material. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the round baler  20  may include a wrap system  74 . The wrap system  74  is operable to wrap the bale  56  with a wrap material inside the baling chamber  54 . Once the bale  56  is formed to a desired size, the wrap system  74  feeds a wrap material into the baling chamber  54  to wrap the bale  56  and thereby secure the crop material in a tight package and maintain the desired shape of the bale  56 . The wrap material includes, but is not limited to, a twine, a net mesh, or a solid plastic wrap. Movement of the gate  36  into the open position simultaneously moves the belts clear of the formed bale  56  and allows the formed and wrapped bale  56  to be discharged through the rearward end  38  of the baling chamber  54 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , the housing  32  includes a first side wall  76  positioned generally parallel with the first circular end face  58  of the bale  56  during formation of the bale  56  in the bale formation system  52 . The housing  32  includes a second side wall  78  positioned generally parallel with the second circular end face  60  of the bale  56  during formation of the bale  56  in the bale formation system  52 . It should be appreciated that the first circular end face  58  and the first side wall  76  may be positioned on either the left side or the right side of the round baler  20 , relative to the direction of travel  40  of the round baler  20  while gathering crop material, with the second circular end face  60  and the second side wall  78  positioned on the other of the left side or the right side of the round baler  20 , opposite the first circular end face  58  and the first side wall  76 . 
     In some circumstances and/or for some baling operations, it is desirable to measure or otherwise determine a weight of the bale  56  after formation and before being discharged from the interior region  34  of the round baler  20  and onto the ground surface  46 . One process of determining the weight of the bale  56  is to fully support the bale  56  on the gate  36 , and measure the force applied to one or more hydraulic gate cylinders  80  holding the gate  36  and the bale  56  in an intermediate position. In order to do so, the bale  56  and the gate  36  are be moved to the intermediate position, such that the weight of the bale  56  is fully supported by the gate  36 . 
     In the intermediate position, one or more pressure or force sensors (not shown) may sense data related to the forces acting on the hydraulic cylinders holding the gate  36  in the intermediate position. Knowing theses forces and the weight and geometry of the gate  36 , the weight of the bale  56  is accurately determined. In order to accurately make this determination, however, the bale  56  should be consistently positioned relative to the gate  36 . In order to consistently position the bale  56  on the gate  36  in the intermediate position, the rotation of the forming belts  64  in the endless loop may need to be stopped so that the forming belts  64  do not rotate the bale  56  when in the intermediate position. Additionally, tension in the forming belts  64  may need to be reduced, i.e., slack introduced into the forming belts  64 , so that the forming belts  64  do not discharge the bale  56  from the gate  36  when in the intermediate position. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , the take-up roller  68  is moveably attached to either the gate  36  or the housing  32  in a suitable manner that allows the take-up roller  68  to move relative to the gate  36  and/or the housing  32  as the gate  36  moves between the open position and the closed position, so that the take-up roller  68  maintains tension and/or reduces slack in the forming belts  64  as the gate  36  moves from the closed position into the open position. As used herein, the term “tension” is defined as a force that tends to produce an elongation of a body or structure. As used herein, the term “slack” is defined as looseness in the forming belts  64 , i.e., not taut. It should be appreciated that increasing tension of the forming belts  64  reduces slack in the forming belts  64 , whereas decreasing tension in the forming belts  64  introduces slack into the forming belts  64 . 
     In one embodiment, the take-up roller  68  is attached to the gate  36  via a take-up shaft  82  and an interconnecting roller lever  84 . However, it should be appreciated that the take-up roller  68  may be attached to the gate  36  or the housing  32  in some other manner not shown in the Figures or described herein. The take-up shaft  82  extends between the first side wall  76  and the second side wall  78  of the housing  32 . The take-up shaft  82  defines a shaft axis  86 . The shaft axis  86  is a longitudinal center of the take-up shaft  82 , and generally extends perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis  44  of the round baler  20 . The shaft axis  86  is generally parallel with the gate rotation axis  42 . The take-up roller  68  is attached to the take-up shaft  82 , with the take-up roller  68  rotatable with the take-up shaft  82  about the shaft axis  86 , relative to the gate  36  and/or the housing  32 . In one embodiment, the take-up shaft  82  is rotatably attached to the gate  36 . However, in other implementations, the take-up shaft  82  may be rotatably attached to the housing  32 . 
     The roller lever  84  is attached to and rotatable with the take-up shaft  82  about the shaft axis  86 . The roller lever  84  interconnects the take-up shaft  82  and the take-up roller  68 . While only a single roller lever  84  is described herein, it should be appreciated that the round baler  20  may include multiple roller levers  84  interconnecting the take-up shaft  82  and the take-up roller  68 . For example, in the implementation shown in the Figures, a first roller lever  84 A is disposed adjacent the first side wall  76 , and a second roller lever  84 B is disposed adjacent the second side wall  78  of the housing  32 . A first end  88  of the roller lever  84  is fixedly attached to the take-up shaft  82 . The take-up roller  68  is rotatably mounted to a second end  90  of the roller lever  84 , such as with a bearing or other similar mounting. The roller lever  84  positions the take-up roller  68  away from the shaft axis  86  by a radial distance. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a schematic block diagram of a control system  100  configured to determine a component or systems malfunction or failure of the baler  20  using one or more temperature sensing radio frequency identification (RFID) tags  102  that identify heat generated by a component. The control system  100  includes one or more electronic controllers  104 , also known as an electronic control unit (ECU), each of which is connected to a controller area network (CAN) bus (not shown) and to the various devices, systems, parts, or components of the tractor  10  and the baler  20 . The CAN bus is configured to transmit electric signals for the control of various devices connected to the bus as well as to transmit status signals that identify the status of the connected devices. 
     The controller  104 , in different embodiments, includes a computer, computer system, or other programmable devices. In these and other embodiments, the controller  104  includes one or more processors  106  (e.g. microprocessors), and an associated memory  108 , which can be internal to the processor or external to the processor. The memory  108  includes, in different embodiments, random access memory (RAM) devices comprising the memory storage of the controller  104 , as well as any other types of memory, e.g., cache memories, non-volatile or backup memories, programmable memories, or flash memories, and read-only memories. In addition, the memory can include a memory storage physically located elsewhere from the processing devices, and can include any cache memory in a processing device, as well as any storage capacity used as a virtual memory, e.g., as stored on a mass storage device or another computer coupled to controller  104 . The mass storage device can include a cache or other dataspace which can include databases. Memory storage, in other embodiments, is located in a cloud system  110 , also known as the “cloud”, where the memory is located in the cloud at a distant location from the machine to provide the stored information wirelessly to the controller  104  through the antenna  28  operatively connected to a transceiver  111 , which is operatively connected to the controller  104 . When referring to the controller  104 , the processor  106 , and the memory  108 , other types of controllers, processors, and memory are contemplated. Use of the cloud for storing data leads to storage economies of scale at a centrally located operation&#39;s center, where data from a large number of balers is stored. In other embodiments, data from other types of work machines is stored. 
     The controller  104  executes or otherwise relies upon computer software applications, components, programs, objects, modules, or data structures, etc. Software routines resident in the included memory  108  of the controller  104 , or other memory, are executed in response to the signals received from the RFID sensors  102  which are located on, at or within the baler  20  as described herein. The controller  104  also receives signals from other controllers such as an engine controller and a transmission controller. The controller  104 , in other embodiments, also relies on one or more computer software applications that are located in the “cloud”  110 , where the cloud generally refers to a network storing data and/or computer software programs accessed through the internet. The executed software includes one or more specific applications, components, programs, objects, modules or sequences of instructions typically referred to as “program code”. The program code includes one or more instructions located in memory and other storage devices which execute the instructions which are resident in memory, which are responsive to other instructions generated by the system, or which are provided at a user interface operated by the user. 
     The tractor  10  and the baler  20  include a plurality of other types of sensors, in addition to the RFID tag sensors  102 , each of which in different embodiments, identifies machine device status and transmits sensor information to the controller  104 . In one embodiment, different types of machine operating systems  112  are configured to perform work machine functions as would be understood by one skilled in the art. The conditions and statuses of these machine operating systems  112  are transmitted as signals to the controller  104  as is understood by one skilled in the art. 
     An operator user interface  120  is operatively connected to the controller  104  and is located in the cab  26  to display machine information to an operator, located in the cab  26 , as well as to enable the operator to control operations of the tractor  10 , the baler  20 , or other work machines. The user interface  120  includes a display  122  to display status information directed to the condition or status of the machine  10  as well as the baler  20 . Status information includes, but is not limited to, the operating status of a machine operating system  112  including various components, parts, or systems of the baler  20 . The user interface  120  further includes operator controls  124  configured to enable the operator to control the various functions and features of the machine operating system  112 . A component alert device  126  is located at the user interface  120  and provides an alert function to an operator for alerting the operator in the event of a system, part, or component being found to be subject to a malfunction. As used herein, system, part, device, and component are used interchangeably when identifying a fault condition with the RFID temperature sensor. The alert device  126  includes, but is not limited to, a visual alert, a sound alert, or a transmitted alert to a remote receiver. 
     In one embodiment, electrical communication between the tractor  10  and the baler  20  is through an electrical cable, not shown, disposed along the connection  33 . In other embodiments, sensor information and machine operating systems information is transmitted wirelessly between the tractor  10  and the baler  32 . 
     Other work machines are known as autonomous machines are controlled remotely without operator intervention at the machine itself. In such a system, a remote control system  130  is used to remotely control operation of the machine  10  or baler  20  through web-based communication tools and platforms with the cloud  110 , as is understood by those skilled in the art. In one embodiment, an operator or manager is located at the remote control system  130 , which due to its cloud communication protocol, is located remotely from the machine  10  and the baler  20 . In such an embodiment, the control system  100  is a distributed control system having components locate at one or more of the work machines, the cloud, and the remote control system. 
     In a remotely controlled machine in which the operator is not located at the work machine, or in an operator controlled machine, the control system  100  is configured to identify when a component or system of the machine being monitored has been damaged, through wear or through breakage. One or more of the temperature sensing RFID tags  102  are configured to sense temperature generated by moving parts of the machine and its components and to transmit the temperature to the controller  104 , either wirelessly or by wire. In different embodiments, the RFID sensor identify only temperature. Temperature sensing can be achieved on certain specialized RFID tags by analyzing the change in impedance of the circuit based on temperature. In other embodiments, the RFID sensor includes a component identifier that identifies the component to which the sensor is attached as identifying the temperature of the identified component. 
     In different embodiments, the sensors  102  are located at or within the baler  20  to identify a temperature of the part, component, or device at which the sensor is located. For instance, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , an RFID sensor  140  is coupled to a bearing  142 . The RFID sensor  140  is attached by one or more couplers, such as by an adhesive, to a surface  144  of the bearing  142 . In one embodiment, the adhesive is relatively robust to insure that the sensor  140  does not become dislodged from its location during operation of the bearing. In other embodiments, the sensor  140  is mounted to a plate and the plate is coupled to the bearing by connectors. Other types of couplers are contemplated. 
     The bearing supports a shaft (not shown) in an aperture  146 , such as a shaft supporting one of the rollers  66 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 5 , the sensor  140  is located on a bearing ring  148  that rotates with respect to a bearing housing  150 . As the bearing ring  148  rotates, an operating temperature is generated near or at the bearing ring  148 . The sensor  140  determines the temperature of the bearing ring  148 . The receiver/transmitter  152  (see  FIG. 4 ) interrogates the sensor  140 , as is understood by one skilled in the art. In response to the interrogation, the receiver/transmitter  152  receives a temperature signal from the sensor  140 , which is transmitted to the controller  104 . In another embodiment, the sensor  140  is coupled to the bearing housing  150 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a gearbox  154  covered by the housing  35  of  FIG. 3 . A temperature sensing RFID sensor  156  is coupled to an exterior surface of the gearbox  154  to sense the temperature of the gearbox  154 . While a particular location of the sensor  156  is illustrated, other locations of the sensor  156  on the gearbox  156  are contemplated. 
     In different embodiments, RFID sensors are located at sensing locations that are considered to experience undesirable operating temperatures during operation of the baler. By locating, the sensor at locations of potential undesirable temperature change, the controller  104 , under many conditions, makes a determination of changes in sensed temperature. For instance, in one embodiment, the controller  104  determines a change in sensed temperature from a non-operating temperature to an operating temperature. If the change is too great, then an alert is generated at the component alert  126 . In other embodiments, the sensed temperature is compared to a threshold temperature that is stored in memory. Because different parts, component, devices, and systems generate different values of temperature, a table of threshold temperature threshold located in a stored lookup table are used to provide an alert. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates some of the parts, but not all of the parts of the baler  20 , at which the RFID sensors  140  are located in one or more embodiments. In this illustration, certain parts are identified as being candidates for temperature monitoring due to the function of those parts as well as the likelihood of temperature changes occurring during harvesting that could result in part or system damage. Other locations of RFID sensor  140  within or at baler  20  are contemplated. While not shown in  FIG. 7 , one or more sensors  140  are located on a PTO driveline  160 , a crop pickup assembly  162 , a crop feeding rotor  164 , and the gearbox  154 . In addition, one or more of the bale rollers  66  each have an associated RFID sensor  140  to identify the temperature of the roller and/or a support mechanism, such as an associated bearing supporting the roller. In one embodiment bale roller sensors are located at bearing supporting rotation of the bale roller. In other embodiments, the baler is a self-propelled machine and does not include a PTO driveline. 
     The receiver/transmitter  152  of  FIG. 4 , in different embodiments, includes an RFID reader that is either located at the baler  20 , the tractor  10 , or is remotely located from either the tractor  10  or the baler  20 . In one embodiment, as seen in  FIG. 8 , the receiver/transmitter  152  is a hand-held reader  170 . In another embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 8 , the receiver/transmitter  152  is equipment dedicated reader  172 . Each of the readers  170  and  172  is configured to interrogate one or more sensors  140  and to transmit received sensor information to the controller  104 . Each of the reader identifies two values, the temperature of the associated component and an identity of the component at which the RFID sensor is located. Since each of the RFID sensors includes a unique component identifier, the sensed temperature is associated with a particular component. In this way, components that experience improper temperatures are identified. By using a multiplicity of network of RFID sensors  140  as part of the RFID sensor system, a determination of machine health is determined and used to provide a temperature alert, i.e. a fault condition, to the operator or equipment manager. In one or more embodiments, the RFID sensors are located at components most critical to uptime. In the case of the handheld reader  170 , the signal identifying temperature and identifiers is transmitted to the antenna  28  of  FIG. 4 . In one embodiment, each of the RFID sensors provides a temperature of an associated component, which is not a high enough temperature by itself to trigger a component alert. In this embodiment, however, if a large number of components registers high values, a system alert is provided to the operator or user to make an investigation into the cause of the higher temperatures. 
     The controller  104  is configured to determine the operating status of components based the identified temperatures of the monitored components. Temperature data is processed with controller software applied to make decisions about machine health based on different procedures. High temperatures, in one or more embodiments, are an indication of pending mechanical failure. The controller  104 , in different embodiments is configured to identify fault conditions that indicate potential mechanical malfunctions or failures in one or more identification schemes as follows:
         1) Absolute threshold: a temperature at which dry crop matter combusts (230 degrees F.) minus a safety factor;   2) Relative threshold: a temperature change compared to an original ambient temperature and an operating temperature of the monitored component;   3) Expected temperature: determined by location of mounting (e.g. gearbox), where threshold is set based on a known out of bounds temperature limit, i.e. a predetermined threshold temperature, based on the type of component;   4) Comparative temperature: one location is measurably higher than other similar locations (e.g. left vs. right);   5) Rate of change: an unexpected increase in temperature based on operating mode over a predetermined period of time; and   6) Loss of signal: indicates a loss of sensor or failure of component (e.g. pickup tine missing with attached sensor).       

     These and other identifications of a fault condition include, but are not limited to: and absolute threshold, a relative threshold, an expected temperature threshold, a comparative temperature, or a change in temperature over a period of time. 
     In another embodiment, the handheld RFID reader  170 , a plurality of RFID tags, and a software package to read and analyze data transmitted by the RFID tags are supplied as a kit that is provided to a manufacturer, a technician, or an end user to be incorporated into a baler or other work machine. The software package, in different embodiments, includes a user interface such as that described with respect to  FIG. 9 . In one or more kits, a controller is not provided and the software package is configured to operate on a specific controller as needed by the end user. 
     The controller  104  identifies potential mechanical failures and transmits relevant information to the user interface where it is displayed on the display  122 .  FIG. 9  illustrates one embodiment of a screen display  180  that is provided to the display  122 . As seen in  FIG. 9 , the screen display includes a plurality of sections, each of which is dedicated to a particular grouping of information. A first section  182  includes an illustration of the baler  20  which identifies the status of different components, including bearings and the location of the bearings. Each of the bearing&#39;s locations is shown and a condition of the bearing is identified with a status based on color. For instance, a first bearing  184  is identified with a first color, such as green, to indicate that the identified bearing is operating at a normal operating temperature. A second bearing  186  is identified with a second color, such as yellow, to indicate the identified bearing is operating outside a normal temperature. A third bearing  188  is identified with third color, such as gray, to indicate that the RFID sensor is not communicating. Other colors or greyscale shades are contemplated as well as icons of different types to indicate status. 
     A second section, the summary section  190 , is dedicated to illustrating summary information. In this section, at least one embodiment includes an identification of a diagnostic trouble code (DTC), an identification of the type of failure, i.e. bearing failure stop machine, and a bearing part number. Other DTC&#39;s, types of failure and part numbers are contemplated. Section  190  in another embodiment illustrates a historical pattern of the bearing temperatures. 
     A third section  192  is dedicated to illustrate system status including status of a bale chamber  194 , a feed system  196 , and a net wrap system  198 . Each of these subsection identifies the status of parts location in the identified system by part number, location; i.e. left (L) or right (R), and a status of the left or right part by a color code. For instance, the arrow 200 points to an “R” identified by the color red to indicate an imminent failure which requires the machine operation to be stopped. The arrow 202 points to an “R” identified by the color yellow that indicates that the identified part should be investigated soon and repaired or replaced as necessary. 
     As described herein, the detection system identifies operating conditions that lead to component malfunctions or failure using RFID tags that are customized to include part numbers identifying the location of the RFID tags. Since the RFID tags are a passive, devices the cost of such tags is relatively inexpensive that leads to a large number of tags being used as needed. In one embodiment, the RFID tags include a longer antenna, than typically seen RFID applications such as used in a commercial setting. The longer antenna also provides for wrapping the RFID tag around a part, such as a bearing, to improve reception. Since there are over 100 possible bearing locations on baler, the low cost of RFID tags provides for an improved assessment of baler operations. 
     Alternate embodiments of the control system include the RFID sensor being located at a variety of different locations. For instance, in different embodiments, the RFID sensor is mounted directly to the work machine. Such work machines include, but are not limited to a harvesting unit such as the baler towed behind a tractor described herein, or a self-propelled work machine. In another embodiment, the hand-held or mobile reader includes the use of an RFID interrogator held or operated by a technician or an operator, but not mounted directly on the work machine. For instance, the technician could use the reader as part of a regularly scheduled maintenance check to determine if a component, such as a bearing, has been damaged or has failed during use. In one embodiment, the hand-held reader includes a cell phone or mobile telephone having an application (app) configured to identify machine failure or malfunction. A dedicated hand-held device is also contemplated. In a further embodiment, the RFID reader is mounted on a tractor in which the RFID reader is directed toward the work machine. 
     Due to the low cost of the RFID sensors, redundancy is used in different embodiments, to improve the accuracy and reliability of the sensing system. Redundant sensors are also used to diagnose a sensor failure when there is a data mismatch. In addition, the machine health data not only is used real time to alert the operator at the point of use, but is stored, in some embodiments, for historical reasons and shared to the cloud for remote fleet management. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates another embodiment of block diagram of a control system configured to determine a fault condition of a component or system of a work machine. As seen an embodiment of  FIG. 10 , a tractor  210 , such as the tractor  10  of  FIG. 1 , is operatively coupled to baler  220 , such as the baler  20  of  FIG. 1 . The tractor  210  is operatively connected to the baler  220  though a control area network (CAN). A CAN is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcomputers and other electronic devices to communicate electronically with each other in applications without a host computer. In one embodiment the tractor  210  includes an internal CAN and in other embodiments, the tractor  210  does not include an internal CAN. The tractor  210 , in one embodiment, includes a control system  222  having a controller  224 , an operator user interface  226 , such as operator user interface  120  of  FIG. 4 , and a communication device  228 , such as a receiver/transmitter. The control system  222  communicates with an electronic control unit (ECU)  230  of the baler  220  via a CAN bus  232 . In one embodiment, the CAN bus  232  is electrically coupled to the tractor  210  with a wire harness. In another embodiment, the CAN bus  232  is wirelessly connected to the control system  222 . In another embodiment, the ECU  230  is wirelessly connected to the control system  222 . 
     In different embodiments, the control system  222 , sends one or more instructions to the ECU  230  to control baling operations of the baler  220 , as is understood by one skilled in the art. The ECU  230  is programmed to execute control instructions for baler  220 , as well as to provide for the transmission of information from RFID temperature sensing tags  234 . The RFID tags  234  are used to determine the temperature of components/parts. In one or more embodiments, one or more of the RFID tags determine an ambient temperature of the baler  220 . 
     In some embodiments, only the baler  220  includes a CAN bus and the tractor does not. In this embodiment, the control system  222  communicates with ECU  230  or it&#39;s CAN with the communication device  228 . In one such embodiment, the communication device  228  is a wireless device that communicates with the CAN bus  232 , when it includes a communication adapter  236 . In different embodiments, the communication adapter  236  is a wireless receiver/transmitter adapted for receiving and transmitting radio waves to and from cellular devices having Bluetooth connectivity or other types of Bluetooth devices, including but not limited to tablet computers or laptop computers. 
     As described above, the baler  220  includes a system for identifying a fault condition in one or more balers, each of which includes a plurality of components. The system includes one or more RFID tags, wherein each of the one or more RFID tags includes a temperature sensor and a coupler to connect each one of the one or more RFID tags to attach the tag(s) to a location at, near, or on one of the plurality of components. As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the RFID tags  234  include a plurality of individual tags for identifying the temperature of baler components and, in some cases, for identifying the ambient temperature of an interior of the baler  220 . Each one of the sensing tags  234  includes a temperature sensor  240 , a processor  242 , an energy harvester module  244 , a communication module  246 , and a security module  248 . The temperature sensor  240  is configured to measure a temperature at the component where located or to measure ambient temperature by being positioned at a location within the baler that relatively accurately determines the ambient temperature of the baler interior. The ambient temperature sensor is located within an interior of the baler at a location that experiences an environmental temperature substantially unaffected by heat generated by parts and components of the baler. 
     In one embodiment, an RFID tag using Bluetooth technology is known as an IoT Pixel and such tags can be found at Wiliot Ltd. of Tel Aviv, Israel and its partners. 
     Each of the temperature sensors  234  also includes an energy harvester module  244  that stores energy in response to being actuated by radio frequency waves that generate electromagnetic fields. In some embodiments, the energy harvester module  244  generates energy in response to ambient radio frequencies that are present in the work environment which have sufficient magnitude or intensity to cause the energy harvester modules  244  to generate energy. In some operating conditions, however, the ambient radio frequencies are insufficient to cause the modules  244  to generate a sufficient amount energy being able to transmit a temperature value determined by the temperature sensor  240 . In one embodiment to overcome the lack of ambient radio frequencies, the baler  220  includes a radio frequency wave generator  249 . In some embodiments, the radio frequency wave generator  249  is continually in an active state generating frequency waves. In other embodiments, the generator  249  is only placed in an active state when an operator perceives that the location of baler would not include a sufficient amount of electromagnetic waves to generate a sufficient energy at the energy harvester module. Depending on the type of tag reader device that interrogates tags by transmitting radio waves for power is used. In other embodiments where the tags are located in an environment having sufficient ambient radio waves to enable a tag to transmit temperature information, a tag reader without an interrogator is used. 
     When the energy harvester module  244  generates energy in response to actuation by a radio wave, the sensed temperature is transmitted by the communication module  246  as a radio wave signal. In one embodiment, the radio wave signal is transmitted by the communication module  246  as a Bluetooth signal transmitted in the 2.4 GHz ISM spectrum band (2400 to 2483.5 Mhz). In one embodiment, the signal is transmitted at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The transmitted Bluetooth signal, which is generally a low energy signal having a limited range, is received by one or more different types of Bluetooth receivers. In one embodiment, the communication adapter  236  at the CAN bus  232  receives the Bluetooth signal from the RFID tag and transmits the signal to the communication device  228  of the tractor  210 . In another embodiment, a Bluetooth receive/transmit communication device  250  receives the Bluetooth signal from either the communications module  246  or the communication device  236  coupled to the CAN bus  232 . In one or more embodiments, the Bluetooth communication device  250  and the communication device  228  are cellular communication devices, such as cellular phones, mobile phones, and mobile computing devices. 
     Each of the devices  228  and  250  include long distance communication capabilities to communicate with a cellular network, which in turn enables these devices to communicate with a cloud system  252  or with a dedicated server system. The temperature information received by the Bluetooth communication devices  228 ,  250  is transmitted to the cloud system  252  for processing. The cloud system  252  includes memory for storing temperature data as well as processors for executing software instruction code used to determine temperature characteristics of the baler, the baler components, and the baler ambient environment, if provided. For instance, in one embodiment the cloud server receives and stores temperature data from each of the tags over a period of time during operation of baler. The received temperature data for one sensor is then averaged over the period of time to identify a more accurate temperature value of the particular component. This temperature value is then made available to the communication device  228  or the communication device  250  for viewing by an operator. In one embodiment, a display  254  displays information such as that illustrated in  FIG. 9 . The user interface  226  also includes a component alert  256  which is a visual or audible alert if it is determined by the cloud server  252  that the average temperature data exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Operator controls  258  enable the operator to select temperature information, as desired, as well as RFID tag locations to identify components. In one embodiment, the control system  222  is a fixed component located in a cab of the tractor and includes the communication device  228  and the operator user interface  226 . In another embodiment, the communication device  228  is a separate device, such as a cell phone, that the operator locates in the cab when performing a harvesting or baling operation. In one embodiment, the tractor  210  does not include the operator user interface  226  as a cab mounted device, and the cell phone carried by the operator provides display features, operator controls, and component alerts. 
     In further embodiments, the ambient temperature identified by the ambient temperature sensor is transmitted to the cloud server  252  and is used comparatively with individual temperatures or averaged temperatures provided by the temperature sensors  240  to determine if a particular component, such as a bearing, has been damaged, become worn, or has failed during use. The ambient temperature value identifies whether the component temperature values should be identified, i.e. flagged, as component temperature values exceeding a standard threshold. For instance, if the component temperature values exceed the threshold, but the identified ambient temperature is high, it may indicate that the component temperature values are not the result of a damaged, worn, or failed part, but are instead high due to the ambient temperature. In this situation a component alert may not generated or it may be generated, but qualified, as a temperature that is based on an ambient temperature. For instance, in one embodiment color coding at the display  254 , such as yellow, to indicate that the temperature of the identified part is based on part on the ambient temperature and should be investigated. 
     Consequently as described herein, the RFID tags are used for monitoring of equipment components by using wireless communication between a target, i.e. tag, and a reader. In different embodiments, the target is battery powered, uses power from the reader to communicate, or ambient radio waves. This target includes information including an identification and ability to measure attributes at its location (i.e. temperature). The means of the wireless communication uses radio frequency, including RFID tags and readers. In different embodiments, the particular radio frequency with a communication protocol called Bluetooth is used. Bluetooth enabled devices such a smartphone or CAN to Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices are used to read Bluetooth targets including battery powered or battery-free types. These specific technologies are not exclusive, as similar devices and protocols are developed (e.g. NFC Near Field Communication used in credit cards). 
     While embodiments incorporating the principles of the present disclosure have been disclosed hereinabove, the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Consequently, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this disclosure pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.