Patent Publication Number: US-2023143141-A1

Title: Display device and method of driving the display device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0152284, filed on Nov. 8, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments of the inventive concept relate generally to display devices, and more particularly to a method for driving a display device to maintain reliable sensing of external inputs sensed by the display device. 
     DISCUSSION OF THE RELATED ART 
     Multimedia electronic devices, such as televisions, mobile phones, tablet computers, navigation units, and game units, include a display device to display images. The display device may include an input sensing layer that provides a touch activated input allowing users to easily and intuitively input information or commands in addition to more conventional and well-known input methods, such as, for example, keyboards, mice, trackballs, joysticks, game controllers, graphic tablets and the like. 
     In the case of a display device that incorporates a touch screen based on touch activated inputs, the input sensing layer senses a touch or pressure generated by a part of a user&#39;s body and/or by sensing a touch or a pressure using a touch-sensitive pen, which provides a precise touch input for users who are familiar with inputting information using a writing instrument or for specific application programs (e.g., for sketching or drawing application programs). 
     SUMMARY 
     An embodiment of the inventive concept provides a display device and associated method for operating the display device to maintain reliable sensing of external inputs sensed by the display device regardless of a position of an external input provided to the display device More particularly, in the case where a sensing signal used to sense external inputs to the display device is distorted, the distorted sensing signal is corrected before the external input is sensed, thus maintaining the reliability of the input information of the external input. 
     According to an embodiment of the inventive concept, a display device includes a display panel for displaying an image, an input sensing layer disposed on the display panel that resonates with an externally applied electromagnetic signal provided from an external input device in a first frame to generate a first sensing signal. The display device further includes a sensing controller including a calculation unit for calculating input information of the external input device based on the first sensing signal. The input sensing layer includes a first sensing area, a non-sensing area, and a second sensing area arranged between the non-sensing area and the first sensing area The sensing controller further includes a correction unit for correcting an edge signal to generate a correction edge signal when the first sensing signal is determined to be an edge signal generated in the second sensing area of the input sensing layer. In the case where the first sensing signal is determined to be an edge signal in the second sensing area, the calculation unit calculates edge input information to be provided to the second sensing area as input information based on the correction edge signal. 
     The sensing controller further includes an area determination unit that receives the first sensing signal from the input sensing layer and compares the first sensing signal with a predetermined reference value to determine whether the first sensing signal is a center signal corresponding to the first sensing area or an edge signal corresponding to the second sensing area. 
     The calculation unit calculates center input information that is provided to the first sensing area when the sensing controller determines that the first sensing signal is a center signal corresponding to the first sensing area. 
     The sensing controller further includes a direction determination unit for determining a movement direction of the external input device. More particularly, when the first sensing signal is determined to be an edge signal, the direction determination unit is configured to determine a movement direction of the external input device during a second frame right before the first frame and the first frame using the edge signal received from the area determination unit and a second sensing signal is generated in the second frame. 
     The sensing controller further includes a correction value setting unit for setting a correction value. The direction determination unit provides the edge signal to the correction value setting unit when the movement direction of the external input device AP is identified as a first reference direction, defined as a direction toward the second sensing area away from the first sensing area. 
     The correction value setting unit sets the correction value based on the edge signal generated in the second sensing area, the second sensing signal generated in the second frame right before the first frame, and a third sensing signal generated in a third frame right before the second frame. When a first center of gravity of the edge signal is greater than a second center of gravity of the second sensing signal, and a third center of gravity of the third sensing signal is greater than the second center of gravity, the correction value setting unit sets the second center of gravity as the correction value. 
     The sensing controller further includes a correction unit that corrects the edge signal based on the correction value to generate the correction edge signal. 
     When a difference between the correction value and the first center of gravity is defined as a correction difference, the correction unit corrects the edge signal based on the correction difference, to generate the correction edge signal. 
     The sensing controller further includes a first comparison unit for comparing the edge signal with the correction value, and the correction unit generates the correction edge signal when it is determined that the edge signal is greater than the correction value according to the compared result. 
     The calculation unit calculates the edge input information based on the correction edge signal when the edge signal is greater than the correction value. 
     The calculation unit calculates the edge input information based on the edge signal when the edge signal is equal to or less than the correction value. 
     The sensing controller further includes a correction value memory unit for storing the correction value. 
     The sensing controller further includes a correction value setting unit for setting a correction value and a second comparison unit for comparing the edge signal with the correction value, and the direction determination unit provides the edge signal to the second comparison unit when the movement direction of the external movement device is a second reference direction toward the first sensing area from the second sensing area. 
     The calculation unit calculates the edge input information based on the edge signal when the edge signal is equal to the correction value. 
     The second comparison unit provides the edge signal to the correction value setting unit when the edge signal is different from the correction value. 
     The sensing controller further includes a correction unit correcting the edge signal based on the correction value to generate the correction edge signal, and the calculation unit calculates the edge input information based on the correction edge signal. 
     The sensing controller further includes a memory unit storing a plurality of sensing signals each being generated by the electromagnetic signal provided from the external input device in every frame. 
     Embodiments of the inventive concept provide a method of driving a display device including a display panel displaying an image, an input sensing layer disposed on the display panel that resonates with an electromagnetic signal provided from an external input device in a first frame to generate a first sensing signal, and a sensing controller for calculating input information of the external input device based on the first sensing signal. The method includes determining whether the first sensing signal is a center signal generated in a first sensing area or an edge signal generated in a second sensing area disposed between the first sensing area and a non-sensing area of the display device, determining a movement direction of the external input device during a first frame and a second frame using the edge signal and a second sensing signal generated in the second frame right before the first frame, setting a calculated correction value based on the edge signal, the second sensing signal, and a third sensing signal generated in a third frame right before the second frame when the determined movement direction of the external input device is a first reference direction toward the second sensing area from the first sensing area, and correcting the edge signal based on the correction value to generate a correction edge signal. Edge input information provided to the second sensing area among the input information is calculated based on the correction edge signal. 
     The method further includes comparing the edge signal with the correction value when the movement direction of the external input device is determined to be a second reference direction toward the first sensing area from the second sensing area and correcting the edge signal based on the correction value to generate the correction edge signal when the edge signal is different from the correction value. 
     According to the above, a reliable sensing with respect to the input information of an external input sensed by the display device is maintained regardless of a position of the external input provided to the display device. Further, even in the case where the sensing signal used to sense the external input provided to the display device is distorted, the distorted sensing signal is corrected before the external input is sensed by the display device, and thus, reliability is maintained with respect to the input information of the external input sensed by the display device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other features of the inventive concept will become more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a perspective view of an electronic device, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  2    is an exploded perspective view of the display device of  FIG.  1   , according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view showing a display module, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view of an input sensing layer, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  5    is a plan view of an input sensing layer and a sensing controller, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  6    is a block diagram of an electronic device, according to an embodiment; 
         FIGS.  7 A and  7 B  are block diagrams of a sensing controller, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  8    is a conceptual view of an area AA′ of  FIG.  5    highlighting an area determination unit, according to an embodiment; 
         FIGS.  9 A to  9 E  are conceptual views of the area AA′ of  FIG.  5    highlighting a direction determination unit, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  10    is a graph illustrating a correction unit, according to an embodiment; and 
         FIGS.  11 A and  11 B  are flowcharts illustrating a method of driving a display device, according to an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Exemplary embodiments of the present inventive concept will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals may refer to like elements throughout the accompanying drawings. 
     It will be understood that when a component, such as a film, a region, a layer, or an element, is referred to as being “on”, “connected to”, “coupled to”, or “adjacent to” another component or element, it can be directly on, connected, coupled, or adjacent to the other component or element, or intervening components may be present. It will also be understood that when a component is referred to as being “between” two components or elements, it can be the only component between the two components, or one or more intervening components may also be present. It will also be understood that when a component is referred to as “covering” another component, it can be the only component covering the other component or element, or one or more intervening components may also be covering the other component. Other words use to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion 
     Like numerals refer to like elements throughout. In the drawings, the thickness, ratio, and dimension of components are exaggerated for effective description of the technical content. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, and the like, may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms, “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. 
     It will be further understood that the terms “includes” and/or “including”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. 
     Herein, when one value is described as being about equal to another value or being substantially the same as or equal to another value, it is to be understood that the values are equal to each other to within a measurement error, or if measurably unequal, are close enough in value to be functionally equal to each other as would be understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art. For example, the term “about” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations as understood by one of the ordinary skill in the art. Further, it is to be understood that while parameters may be described herein as having “about” a certain value, according to exemplary embodiments, the parameter may be exactly the certain value or approximately the certain value within a measurement error as would be understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art. 
     Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG.  1    is a perspective view of an electronic device ED according to an embodiment.  FIG.  2    is an exploded perspective view of a display device DD for use with the electronic device ED of  FIG.  1    The electronic device ED includes the display device DD and an external input device AP, as shown in  FIG.  6   . The display device DD is a device activated in response to sensed electrical signals.  FIG.  1    shows a smartphone as a representative example of the display device DD, however, embodiments of the inventive concept are not limited thereto. In general, the display device DD may be embodied as a large-sized display device, such as, for example, a television set or a monitor as well as a small or medium-sized display device, such as, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a car navigation unit, or a game unit. It is understood that other embodiments of the display device DD not explicitly described herein are within contemplation for use as long as they do not depart from the inventive concept . . . . 
     In the present embodiment, the display device DD has a rectangular shape with rounded vertices, which is defined by long sides extending in a first direction DR 1  and short sides extending in a second direction DR 2  crossing the first direction DR 1 . However, the shape of the display device DD should not be limited thereto. The display device DD displays an image IM toward a third direction DR 3  through a display surface IS that is substantially parallel to each of the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2 . The display surface IS through which the image IM is displayed corresponds to a front surface of the display device DD. 
     In the present embodiment, front (e.g., upper) and rear (e.g., lower) surfaces of each member of the display device DD are defined with respect to a direction in which the image IM is displayed. The front and rear surfaces are opposite to each other in the third direction DR 3 . A normal line direction with respect to each of the front and rear surfaces is a direction that is substantially parallel to the third direction DR 3 . 
     A separation distance in the third direction DR 3  between the front surface and the rear surface corresponds to a thickness of the display device DR 3  in the third direction DR 3  of the display device DD. 
     The first, second, and third directions DR 1 , DR 2 , and DR 3  are defined herein in relative terms and are changeable. 
     In operation, the display device DD senses two types of inputs, a first input (non-device input) and second input TC (device input). Each input is an externally applied input, applied from an outside source. For example, the display device DD senses a first input of a user. The first user input may be, for example, a body part of the user, light, heat, and pressure, and the like, and combinations thereof. As a further example, the first input may be a touch-based input (e.g., a hand or finger of the user). 
     The display device DD may also sense a second input TC applied to the display device DD from an external source. The second input TC may include a variety of device-oriented inputs generated by the external input device AP, such as, for example, a stylus pen, an active pen, a touch pen, an electronic pen, or the like. Configurations and operations of the external input device AP will be further described in greater detail below with reference to  FIG.  6   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , the front surface of the display device DD includes a transmission area TMA and a bezel area BZA. The transmission area TMA is an area through which the image IM is displayed. The user views the image IM through the transmission area TMA. In the present embodiment, the transmission area TMA has a quadrangular shape with rounded vertices However, the transmission area TMA may have a variety of shapes and should not be particularly limited thereto. 
     The bezel area BZA is defined adjacent to the transmission area TMA. The bezel area BZA has a predetermined color and surrounds the transmission area TMA. Accordingly, the transmission area TMA has a shape defined by the bezel area BZA, however, the shape of the TMA is not constrained by the shape of the bezel. According to an embodiment, the bezel area BZA is disposed adjacent to only one side of the transmission area TMA. In another embodiment the BZA is omitted altogether. The display device should not be limited to a single embodiment, such as those described above. 
     Referring again to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , the display device DD includes a display module DM and a window WM disposed on the display module DM. The display module DM includes a display panel DP that displays the image in response to electrical signals and an input sensing layer ISP that transmits/receives information to and from the first input and the second input TC. 
     The display panel DP may be a light-emitting type display panel. For example, the display panel DP may be an organic light emitting display panel, an inorganic light emitting display panel, or a quantum dot light emitting display panel. A light emitting layer of the organic light emitting display panel may include an organic light emitting material. A light emitting layer of the inorganic light emitting display panel may include an inorganic light emitting material. A light emitting layer of the quantum dot light emitting display panel may include a quantum dot or a quantum rod. Hereinafter, the organic light emitting display panel will be described as a non-limiting representative example of the display panel DP. The display panel DP may output the image IM, and the output image IM is displayed through the display surface IS. 
     The input sensing layer ISP is disposed on the display panel DP and senses the first input and the second input TC. The configuration and operation of the input sensing layer ISP will be described more fully below with reference to  FIGS.  4  and  5   . 
     The window WM may include a transparent material that transmits the image IM. As an example, the window WM may include a glass, sapphire, or plastic material. The window WM may have a single-layer structure, and may include a plurality of layers, however, it should not be limited thereto. 
     Although not shown in figures, the bezel area BZA of the display device DD may be embodied as a printed material having a predetermined color on an area of the window WM. As an example, the window WM may include a light blocking pattern to define the bezel area BZA. The light blocking pattern may be a colored organic layer and may be formed by a coating method. 
     In an embodiment, the window WM may be coupled with the display module DM by an adhesive film. As an example, the adhesive film may include an optically clear adhesive film (OCA). However, the adhesive film should not be limited thereto 1. The film may include an ordinary adhesive. For example, the adhesive film may include an optically clear resin (OCR) or a pressure sensitive adhesive film (PSA). 
     An anti-reflective layer may be further disposed between the window WM and the display module DM. The anti-reflective layer may reduce a reflectance with respect to an external light incident thereto from above of the window WM. According to an embodiment, the anti-reflective layer may include a retarder and a polarizer. The retarder may be a film type or liquid crystal coating type and may include a  212  retarder and/or a  214  retarder. The polarizer may be a film type or liquid crystal coating type. The film type polarizer and retarder may include a stretching type synthetic resin film, and the liquid crystal coating type polarizer and retarder may include liquid crystals aligned in a predetermined alignment. The retarder and the polarizer may be implemented as one polarizing film. 
     As an example, the anti-reflective layer may include color filters. Arrangements of the color filters may be determined by accounting for the different colors of lights generated by a plurality of pixels included in the display panel DP. The anti-reflective layer may further include a light blocking pattern. 
     The display module DM displays the image in response to electrical signals from an external input and transmits and receives information regarding the external input. The display module DM includes an effective area AA and a non-effective area NAA. The effective area AA is defined, in one aspect, as an area from which the image IM provided from the display panel DP exits. In addition, the effective area AA may be further defined, in another aspect, as an area in which the input sensing layer ISP senses the first input and the second input TC provided from an external source, however, it should not be limited thereto. According to an embodiment, the area from which the image IM provided from the display panel DP exits is different from the area in which the input sensing layer ISP senses the first input and the second input TC provided from the outside. 
     The non-effective area NAA is defined as an area adjacent to the effective area AA. As an example, the non-effective area NAA surrounds the effective area AA, however, it should not be limited thereto. According to an embodiment, the non-effective area NAA may have a variety of shapes and should not be particularly limited. According to an embodiment, the effective area AA of the display module DM corresponds to at least a portion of the transmission area TMA. 
     The display module DM further includes a main circuit board MCB, a flexible circuit film FCB, and a driving chip DIC. The main circuit board MCB is connected to the flexible circuit film FCB and is electrically connected to the display panel DP. The flexible circuit film FCB is connected to the display panel DP and is electrically connect the display panel DP to the main circuit board MCB. 
     The main circuit board MCB includes a plurality of driving elements. The driving elements include a circuit to drive the display panel DP. The driving chip DIC is be mounted on the flexible circuit film FCB. In the present embodiment, one flexible circuit film FCB is shown as a representative example, however, it should not be limited thereto. According to an embodiment, multiple flexible circuit films FCBs may be connected to the display panel DP. 
       FIG.  2    shows a structure in which the driving chip DIC is mounted on the flexible circuit film FCB, according to an embodiment. For example, the driving chip DIC may be disposed directly on the display panel DP. In this case, a portion of the display panel DP on which the driving chip DIC is mounted is bent to be disposed on a rear surface of the display module DM. In addition, the driving chip DIC is disposed directly on the main circuit board MCB. 
     In an embodiment, the input sensing layer ISP may be electrically connected to the main circuit board MCB via the flexible circuit film FCB. Accordingly, in this case, the display module DM would further include a separate flexible circuit film to electrically connect the input sensing layer ISP to the main circuit board MCB. 
     The display device DD may further include an external case EDC accommodating the display module DM. The external case EDC is coupled with the window WM to define an appearance of the display device DD. The external case EDC absorbs impacts applied thereto from the outside and prevents foreign substance and moisture from entering the display module DM to protect components accommodated in the external case EDC. As an example, the external case EDC may be configured in a form in which a plurality of case members is combined with each other. 
     According to an embodiment, the display device DD may further include an electronic module including various functional modules to operate the display module DM, a power supply module  300  supplying a power required for an overall operation of the display device DD, and a bracket coupled to the external case EDC to divide an inner space of the display device DD. 
       FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view showing the display module DM according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , the display module DM includes the display panel DP and the input sensing layer ISP. The display panel DP includes a base layer BL, a circuit element layer DP-CL, a display element layer DP-ED, and an encapsulation layer ENP. The circuit element layer DP-CL, the display element layer DP-ED, and the encapsulation layer ENP are disposed on the base layer BL. Although not shown in the figures, the display panel DP may further include functional layers, such as an anti-reflective layer, a refractive index adjustment layer, as well as other functional layers. 
     The base layer BL includes at least one synthetic resin layer and a glass material layer, a metal material layer, or an organic/inorganic composite material layer in addition to the synthetic resin layer. As an example, the base layer BL is a flexible layer. The effective area AA and the non-effective area NAA described with reference to  FIG.  2    may be applied to the base layer BL in the same way. 
     The circuit element layer DP-CL is disposed on the base layer BL. The circuit element layer DP-CL includes at least one intermediate insulating layer and a circuit element. The intermediate insulating layer may include at least one intermediate inorganic layer and at least one intermediate organic layer. The circuit element includes signal lines and a pixel driving circuit. 
     The display element layer DP-ED is disposed on the circuit element layer DP-CL. The display element layer DP-ED includes a plurality of light emitting elements. The light emitting elements may include organic light emitting diodes. The display element layer DP-ED may further include an organic layer such as a pixel definition layer. 
     The encapsulation layer ENP encapsulates the display element layer DP-ED. The encapsulation layer ENP includes at least one inorganic layer. The encapsulation layer ENP may further include at least one organic layer. The inorganic layer protects the display element layer DP-ED from moisture and oxygen, and the organic layer protects the display element layer DP-ED from a foreign substance such as dust particles. The inorganic layer may include a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, or an aluminum oxide layer. The organic layer may include an acrylic-based organic layer, however, it should not be limited thereto. 
     The input sensing layer ISP is formed on the display panel DP through successive processes. According to an embodiment, an adhesive film is disposed between the input sensing layer ISP and the display panel DP. The input sensing layer ISP has a multi-layer structure. The input sensing layer ISP has a single-layer structure of an insulating layer or a multi-layer structure of insulating layers. According to an embodiment, in the case where the input sensing layer ISP is disposed directly on the display panel DP through the successive processes, the input sensing layer ISP is disposed directly on the encapsulation layer ENP, and an adhesive film is not disposed between the input sensing layer ISP and the display panel DP. However, according to an embodiment, the adhesive film may be disposed between the input sensing layer ISP and the display panel DP. In this case, the input sensing layer ISP is not manufactured through successive processes with the display panel DP, and the input sensing layer ISP is fixed to an upper surface of the display panel DP by the adhesive film after being manufactured through a separate process. 
     According to an embodiment, the display panel DP further includes an encapsulation substrate. The encapsulation substrate may be disposed on the display element layer DP-ED to face the base layer BL. The encapsulation substrate includes a plastic substrate, a glass substrate, a metal substrate, or an organic/inorganic composite material substrate. A sealant the encapsulation substrate and the base layer BL, and the encapsulation substrate and the base layer BL may be coupled with each other by the sealant. The sealant includes an organic adhesive or a frit that is a ceramic adhesive material. The display element layer DP-ED may be encapsulated by the sealant and the encapsulation substrate. 
     In the case where the input sensing layer ISP is disposed directly on the display panel DP through successive processes, the input sensing layer ISP is disposed directly on the encapsulation substrate. However, according to an embodiment, in the case where the adhesive film is disposed between the input sensing layer ISP and the display panel DP, the input sensing layer ISP is fixed to an upper surface of the encapsulation substrate by the adhesive film. 
       FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view of the input sensing layer ISP according to an embodiment and  FIG.  5    is a plan view of the input sensing layer ISP and a sensing controller ICP according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  4  and  5   , the input sensing layer ISP includes a first sensing insulating layer IIL 1 , a first conductive layer ICL 1 , a second sensing insulating layer IIL 2 , a second conductive layer ICL 2 , and a third sensing insulating layer IIL 3 . The first sensing insulating layer IIL 1  is disposed directly on the encapsulation layer ENP. According to an embodiment, the first sensing insulating layer IIL 1  may be omitted. 
     Each of the first conductive layer ICL 1  and the second conductive layer ICL 2  includes a plurality of conductive patterns. The conductive patterns include a plurality of sensing electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  and a plurality of signal lines SL 1 _ 1  to SL 1 _ 5  and SL 2 _ 1  to SL 2 _ 4  connected to the sensing electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4 . 
     Each of the first sensing insulating layer IIL 1 , the second sensing insulating layer ILL 2 , and the third sensing insulating layer IIL 3  includes one of an inorganic material or an organic material. In the present embodiment, each of the first sensing insulating layer IIL 1  and the second sensing insulating layer IIL 2  is an inorganic layer. The inorganic layer includes at least one of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, zirconium oxide, and hafnium oxide. The inorganic layer has a thickness of about 1000 angstroms to about 4000 angstroms. 
     The third sensing insulating layer IIL 3  is an organic layer and includes at least one of an acrylic-based resin, a methacrylic-based resin, a polyisoprene-based resin, a vinyl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a cellulose-based resin, a siloxane-based resin, a polyimide-based resin, a polyamide-based resin, and a perylene-based resin. The third sensing insulating layer IIL 3  including the organic material may prevent moisture from entering the first conductive layer ICL 1  and the second conductive layer ICL 2  from the outside. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  2   , according to an embodiment, the input sensing layer ISP includes a sensing area TA and a non-sensing area NTA adjacent to the sensing area TA. As an example, the sensing area TA corresponds to at least a portion of the effective area AA of the display module DM (refer to  FIG.  2   ). As an example, the sensing area TA corresponds to the effective area AA of the display module DM, and the non-sensing area NTA corresponds to the non-effective area NAA of the display module DM. As an example, the sensing area TA includes a first sensing area TA 1  and a second sensing area TA 2 . The second sensing area TA 2  is disposed between the first sensing area TA 1  and the non-sensing area NTA. The second sensing area TA 2  is located adjacent to the first sensing area TA 1 . As an example, the second sensing area TA 2  surrounds the first sensing area TA 1 . According to an embodiment, the second sensing area TA 2  has a variety of shapes and should not be particularly limited to a particular shape or orientation. 
     The sensing electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  is disposed in the sensing area TA, and the signal lines SL 1 _ 1  to SL 1 _ 5  and SL 2 _ 1  to SL 2 _ 4  is disposed in the non-sensing area NTA. 
     As an example, the sensing electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  includes transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4 . 
     The signal lines SL 1 _ 1  to SL 1 _ 5  and SL 2 _ 1  to SL 2 _ 4  includes transmission signal lines SL 1 _ 1  to SL 1 _ 5  connected to the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and reception signal lines SL 2 _ 1  to SL 2 _ 4  connected to the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4 . 
     The transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  cross the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4 . The transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  are arranged in the first direction DR 1  and extend in the second direction DR 2 . The reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  are arranged in the second direction DR 2  and extend in the first direction DR 1 . 
     The input sensing layer ISP obtains coordinate information by a mutual capacitance method. A capacitor is formed between the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4 . A capacitance of the capacitor between the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  is changed by the first input or the second input TC (See  FIG.  1   ). The sensitivity of the input sensing layer ISP is determined depending on a variation in capacitance. 
     Each of the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  include first sensor portions SSP 1  and first connection portions CP 1 , which are arranged in the sensing area TA. As an example, each of the first connection portions CP 1  connect the first sensor portions SSP 1  adjacent to each other. The first sensor portions SSP 1  included in one transmission electrode is connected to the first connection portions CP 1  and extend in the second direction DR 2 . Each of the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  include second sensor portions SSP 2  and second connection portions CP 2 , which are arranged in the sensing area TA. As an example, each of the second connection portions CP 2  connect the second sensor portions SSP 2  adjacent to each other. The second sensor portions SSP 2  included in one reception electrode is connected to the second connection portions CP 2  and extend in the first direction DR 1 . 
     The transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  has a mesh shape. As the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  have the mesh shape, a parasitic capacitance between electrodes included in the display panel DP (See  FIG.  2   ) and the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  is reduced. 
     The transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4 , which have the mesh shape, may include silver, aluminum, copper, chromium, nickel, titanium, or the like, however, materials for the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  should not be limited thereto. 
       FIG.  5    shows the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4 , however, the shape of the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  should not be limited thereto. According to an embodiment, the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  may have a shape in which the sensor portion is not distinguished from the connection portion, for example, a bar shape. In addition, the first sensor portions SSP 1  and the second sensor portions SSP 2  may have a lozenge shape, however, they should not be limited thereto. According to an embodiment, the first sensor portions SSP 1  and the second sensor portions SSP 2  may have different polygonal shapes from each other. 
     The transmission signal lines SL 1 _ 1  to SL 1 _ 5  and the reception signal lines SL 2 _ 1  to SL 2 _ 4  are disposed in the non-sensing area NTA. 
     The input sensing layer ISP includes input pads I_PD extending from one end of the transmission signal lines SL 1 _ 1  to SL 1 _ 5  and the reception signal lines SL 2 _ 1  to SL 2 _ 4  and disposed in the non-sensing area NTA. The input pads I_PD are electrically connected to the transmission signal lines SL 1 _ 1  to SL 1 _ 5  and the reception signal lines SL 2 _ 1  to SL 2 _ 4 . As an example, the input pads I_PD includes a transmission input pad I_PD 1  electrically connected to the transmission signal lines SL 1 _ 1  to SL 1 _ 5  and a reception input pad I_PD 2  electrically connected to the reception signal lines SL 2 _ 1  to SL 2 _ 4 . 
     The display device DD (See  FIG.  2   ) further includes the sensing controller ICP to control an operation of the input sensing layer ISP. 
     As an example, the sensing controller ICP is electrically connected to the input sensing layer ISP. The sensing controller ICP is electrically connected to the transmission signal lines SL 1 _ 1  to SL 1 _ 5  and the reception signal lines SL 2 _ 1  to SL 2 _ 4  via the input pads I_PD. 
     Referring again to  FIGS.  5  and  6   , the sensing controller ICP transmits a driving control signal TS to the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and receives a sensing signal SS read out from the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4 . As an example, the driving control signal TS includes a driving control signal sequentially transmitted to each of the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5 . The sensing signal SS is a signal induced to the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  by the capacitor formed between the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  when the first input or the second input TC is applied to the display device DD. As an example, the sensing controller ICP transmits the driving control signal TS to the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  to sense the first input when the first input is applied to the display device DD. When the second input TC is applied to the display device DD, the second input TC is sensed based on the sensing signal SS generated by the second input TC even though the sensing controller ICP does not transmit the driving control signal TS to the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5 . 
       FIG.  6    is a block diagram of the electronic device ED according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG.  6   , the electronic device ED includes the display device DD and the external input device AP. The display device DD includes the display panel DP, the input sensing layer ISP, a main controller MCP, a panel controller DCP, and the sensing controller ICP. 
     The input sensing layer ISP is disposed on the display panel DP and senses an input applied thereto from an external source. The input sensing layer ISP senses the first input and the second input TC generated by the external input device AP (See  FIG.  1   ). Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the input sensing layer ISP senses the second input TC generated by the external input device AP will be described. 
     The main controller MCP controls an overall operation of the display device DD. As an example, the main controller MCP controls the operations of the panel controller DCP and the sensing controller ICP. 
     The panel controller DCP receives image data RGB and a control signal D_CS from the main controller MCP. The panel controller DCP generates display signals based on the received image data RGB and the control signal D_CS to drive the display panel DP. As an example, the control signal D_CS provided by the main controller MCP includes a variety of signals. As an example, the control signal D_CS may include, e.g., a vertical synchronization signal, a horizontal synchronization signal, a main clock, and a data enable signal. The panel controller DCP generates a vertical start signal and a horizontal start signal based on the control signal D_CS received from the main controller MCP to control a timing at which signals are applied to the display panel DP. 
     The sensing controller ICP controls the input sensing layer ISP. The sensing controller ICP receives a sensing control signal I_CS from the main controller MCP. The sensing control signal I_CS includes a sensing clock signal and a signal including information about a relation between a driving frequency of the input sensing layer ISP and a driving frequency of the display panel DP. The sensing controller ICP determines the driving frequency of the input sensing layer ISP based on the sensing control signal I_CS and generates the driving control signal TS (See  FIG.  5   ). The sensing controller ICP transmits the driving control signal TS to the input sensing layer ISP such that the input sensing layer ISP is operated at the determined driving frequency. 
     The sensing controller ICP receives the sensing signal SS (See  FIG.  5   ) from the input sensing layer ISP and calculates input information about the external input device AP based on the received sensing signal SS. As an example, the input information of the external input device AP calculated by the sensing controller ICP includes information, such as coordinate information of the external input device AP and tilt information and operation mode information of the external input device AP, which are provided to the display device DD. The sensing controller ICP provides input information I_SS including the input information of the external input device AP to the main controller MCP. The main controller MCP performs an operation corresponding to the second input TC generated by the external input device AP based on the input information I_SS provided by the sensing controller ICP. As an example, the main controller MCP drives the panel controller DCP such that new images are displayed through the display panel DP based on the input information I_SS. 
     The external input device AP includes a resonant circuit  100 , a signal generator  200 , a power supply  300 , a housing  400 , and a pen electrode  500 , however, it should not be limited thereto. According to an embodiment, the external input device AP further includes an electrode switch to switch a signal transmission mode to a signal reception mode or vice versa, a pressure sensor to sense a pressure, a memory to store predetermined information, or a gyro sensor to sense rotation. 
     The housing  400  has a pen shape and includes an accommodation space defined therein. The resonant circuit  100 , the signal generator  200 , and the power supply  300  are accommodated in the accommodation space defined in the housing  400 . The pen electrode  500  is disposed at an end of the housing  400 . As an example, a portion of the pen electrode  500  is exposed to the outside of the housing  400 , and the other portion of the pen electrode  500  is inserted into the housing  400 . 
     The resonant circuit  100  is a resonant circuit  100  including an inductor and a capacitor. The capacitor stores a current flow by a reception signal applied to the external input device AP as an electric field, and the inductor stores the current flow by the reception signal as a magnetic field. The inductor includes a magnetic material and a coil wound around the magnetic material. 
     The signal generator  200  generates a transmission signal transmitted to the outside from the external input device AP. The signal generator  200  includes an integrated circuit for a specific purpose or an oscillator. The signal generator  200  outputs an alternating current signal with a predetermined frequency. As an example, the signal generated by the signal generator  200  is a fixed frequency signal. The signal may be a sine wave of about 560 kHz, however, it should not be particularly limited. 
     The capacitor included in the resonant circuit  100  is charged with the transmission signal generated by the signal generator  200 . Accordingly, the signal generator  200  stops generating the transmission signal after the capacitor of the resonant circuit  100  is charged. The induced current is generated in the resonant circuit  100  by the transmission signal, and the resonant circuit  100  resonates by the induced current to emit an electromagnetic signal EMS. As an example, the electromagnetic signal EMS emitted from the resonant circuit  100  includes a magnetic field. As an example, the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  (See  FIG.  5   ) included in the input sensing layer ISP resonates with the electromagnetic signal EMS provided from the external input device AP and generates the sensing signal SS, however, it should not be limited thereto. According to an embodiment, when the second input TC is provided to the display device DD from the external input device AP, the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  (See  FIG.  5   ) included in the input sensing layer ISP is used as an electrode to receive the electromagnetic signal EMS provided by the external input device AP. In this case, the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  may also resonate with the electromagnetic signal EMS and may generate the sensing signal SS. 
     According to an embodiment, the external input device AP includes the signal generator  200 . Accordingly, the external input device AP is operated in an active mode to generate the electromagnetic signal EMS without the need for a separate signal to be applied to the external input device AP to generate the electromagnetic signal EMS. Accordingly, while the display device DD does not include a digitizer that generates a separate signal, the electronic device ED may sense an input of the external input device AP that outputs the electromagnetic signal EMS. 
       FIGS.  7 A and  7 B  are block diagrams of the sensing controller ICP according to an embodiment of the inventive concept.  FIG.  8    is a conceptual view of an area AA′ of  FIG.  5    (the input sensing layer and sensing controller) to explain an area determination unit ADP according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
       FIGS.  9 A to  9 E  are conceptual views of the area AA′ of  FIG.  5    directed to a direction determination unit DTP according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
       FIG.  10    is a graph explaining a correction unit CTP according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7 A , the sensing controller ICP includes an area determination unit ADP, a direction determination unit DTP, a correction value setting unit CTSP, a correction unit CTP, a memory unit MMP, a calculation unit CP, a first comparison unit CPP 1 , and a second comparison unit CPP 2 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A and  8   , the external input device AP provides the second input TC to a plurality of positions P 1 , P 2 , and P 3  of the input sensing layer ISP. As an example, an electromagnetic induction signal EMS_P 1  provided to the input sensing layer ISP at a first position P 1  positioned in the first sensing area TA 1  of the input sensing layer ISP by the external input device AP is referred to as a first electromagnetic signal EMS_P 1 . An electromagnetic signal EMS_P 2  provided to the input sensing layer ISP at a second position P 2  positioned at a boundary between the first sensing area TA 1  and the second sensing area TA 2  of the input sensing layer ISP by the external input device AP is referred to as a second electromagnetic signal EMS_P 2 . An electromagnetic signal EMS_P 3  provided to the input sensing layer ISP at a third position P 3  positioned in the second sensing area TA 2  of the input sensing layer ISP by the external input device AP is referred to as a third electromagnetic signal EMS_P 3 . 
     The input sensing layer ISP resonates with a single electromagnetic signal, which may be one of the first, second, and third electromagnetic signal EMS_P 1 , EMS_P 2 , and EMS_P 3  provided from the external input device AP in a current frame and generates therefrom a first sensing signal SS 1 . Where the first sensing signal SS 1  is defined as a sensing signal generated by the input sensing layer ISP in the current frame. 
     The area determination unit ADP receives the first sensing signal SS 1  from the input sensing layer ISP. The area determination unit ADP compares the first sensing signal SS 1  with a predetermined reference value RFV to determine which electromagnetic signal is the generating source of the first sensing signal SS 1 , from among the various electromagnetic signals provided to the respective first, second, and third positions P 1 , P 2 , and P 3  of the input sensing layer ISP. As an example, the reference value RFV is determined by accounting for a size of the display device DD (See  FIG.  1   ), a sensing resolution of the input sensing layer ISP, a size of the non-sensing area NTA, and the like. The area determination unit ADP compares measured values CVV 1 , CVV 2 , and CVV 3  corresponding to a boundary between the first sensing area TA 1  and the second sensing area TA 2  with the reference value RFV to determine which electromagnetic signal among the electromagnetic signals provided to the first, second, and third positions P 1 , P 2 , and P 3  of the sensing layer ISP from the external input device AP, the first sensing signal SS 1  is generated. 
       FIG.  8    shows the measured values CVV 1 , CVV 2 , and CVV 3  based on the first, second, and third electromagnetic signal EMS_P 1 , EMS_P 2 , and EMS_P 3 . The area determination unit ADP determines the first sensing signal SS 1 , referred to herein as a center signal CS generated in the first sensing area TA 1  when the measured values CVV 1 , CVV 2 , and CVV 3  are less than the reference value RFV. The area determination unit ADP further determines the first sensing signal SS 1  as an edge signal ES generated in the second sensing area TA 2  when the measured values CVV 1 , CVV 2 , and CVV 3  are equal to or greater than the reference value RFV. 
     As an example, the measured value CVV 1  measured when the second input TC is provided to the first position P 1  is referred to as a first measured value CVV 1 . The measured value CVV 2  measured when the second input TC is provided to the second position P 2  is referred to as a second measured value CVV 2 . The measured value CVV 3  measured when the second input TC is provided to the third position P 3  is referred to as a third measured value CVV 3 . When the second input TC is provided to the first position P 1 , the area determination unit ADP determines the first sensing signal SS 1  as the center signal CS since the first measured value CVV 1  is less than the reference value RFV. When the second input TC is provided to the second position P 2 , the area determination unit ADP determines the first sensing signal SS 1  as the edge signal ES since the second measured value CVV 2  is greater than the reference value RFV. When the second input TC is provided to the third position P 3 , the area determination unit ADP determines the first sensing signal SS 1  as the edge signal ES since the third measured value CVV 3  is greater than the reference value RFV. 
     As an example, in the case where the first sensing signal SS 1  is determined to be the center signal CS, the area determination unit ADP provides the center signal CS to the calculation unit CP. When the input information I_SS provided by the sensing controller ICP to the calculation unit CP includes center input information I_CSS provided to the first sensing area TA 1  and edge input information I_ESS provided to the second sensing area TA 2  the calculation unit CP may calculate the center input information I_CSS based on the center signal CS. The calculation unit CP includes a first extraction unit EXP 1  and a sub-calculation unit SCP. The first extraction unit EXP 1  receives the center signal CS from the area determination unit ADP and extracts a center of gravity (hereinafter, referred to as a center signal center of gravity CWC) of the center signal CS based on values for each location of the input sensing layer ISP included in the center signal CS. The sub-calculation unit SCP receives the center signal center of gravity CWC from the first extraction unit EXP 1  and may calculate the center input information I_CSS based on the center signal center of gravity CWC. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A and  9 A , the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS (See  FIG.  5   ) to the display device DD over a plurality of frames. As an example, when the current frame is defined as a first frame, the input sensing layer ISP generates the first sensing signal SS 1  in response to the electromagnetic signal EMS provided from the external input device AP in the first frame. A second frame is defined herein as a frame that occurs right before the first frame. The input sensing layer ISP generates the second sensing signal SS 2  in response to the electromagnetic signal EMS provided from the external input device AP in the second frame. A frame that occurs right before the second frame is defined herein as a third frame. The input sensing layer ISP generates the third sensing signal SS 3  in response to the electromagnetic signal EMS provided from the external input device AP in the third frame. The second frame may be referred to as a first previous frame, and the third frame may be referred to as a second previous frame. 
     As an example, the sensing signals SS 1 , SS 2 , and SS 3  provided in every frame to the sensing controller ICP are stored in the memory unit MMP. The first sensing signal SS 1  provided in the first frame, the second sensing signal SS 2  provided in the second frame, and the third sensing signal SS 3  provided in the third frame are all stored in the memory unit MMP. 
     A point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the first frame is referred to as a first point P_ 1 Fa. A point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the second frame is referred to as a second point P_ 2 Fa. A point at which the external input device AP provided the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the third frame is referred to as a third point P_ 3 Fa. 
     As an example, when the first sensing signal SS 1  is determined to be an edge signal ES, the area determination unit ADP provides the edge signal ES to the direction determination unit DTP. The direction determination unit DTP then receives the edge signal ES from the area determination unit ADP and receives the second sensing signal SS 2  from the memory unit MMP. The direction determination unit DTP may determine a movement direction of the external input device AP based on the received edge signal ES and the received second sensing signal SS 2  from the memory unit MMP. More particularly, the direction determination unit DTP compares a distribution of values included in the edge signal ES with a distribution of values included in the second sensing signal SS 2  and may determine the movement direction of the external input device AP, based on the outcome of the comparison. In the present embodiment, the direction determination unit DTP receives the second sensing signal SS 2  from the memory unit MMP, however, the inventive concept should not be limited thereto. According to another embodiment, the direction determination unit DTP receives the second sensing signal SS 2  and the third sensing signal SS 3  from the memory unit MMP and may determine the movement direction of the external input device AP based on the first, second, and third sensing signals SS 1 , SS 2 , and SS 3 . In this case, the direction determination unit DTP compares the distribution of the values included in the edge signal ES, the distribution of the values included in the second sensing signal SS 2 , and the distribution of the values included in the third sensing signal SS 3  and may determine the movement direction of the external input device AP. The operation of the direction determination unit DTP to determine the movement direction of the external input device AP based on the first to third sensing signals SS 1 , SS 2 , and SS 3  will be further described with reference to  FIGS.  9 A to  9 E . 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 A , in a case where the external input device AP moves to a position adjacent to the second sensing area TA 2 , away from the first sensing area TA 1  over the first to third frames, the direction determination unit DTP may determine that the movement direction of the external input device AP is a first reference direction RDR 1  toward the second sensing area TA 2 , away from the first sensing area TA 1 . As shown in  FIG.  9   , the first reference direction RDR 1  is shown to be opposite to the second direction DR 2 . In a case where the second sensing area is disposed at one side, e.g., a left side, of the first sensing area, the first reference direction RDR 1  is opposite to the second direction, however, the inventive concept should not be limited thereto. As an example, in a case where the second sensing area is disposed at the other side, e.g., a right side, of the first sensing area, the first reference direction RDR 1  is the same as the second direction DR 2 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 B , a point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the first frame is referred to as a fourth point P_ 1 Fb. A point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the second frame is referred to as a fifth point P_ 2 Fb. A point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the third frame is referred to as a sixth point P_ 3 Fb. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 B , in a case where the external input device AP moves to a position adjacent to the second sensing area TA 2  over the first to third frames and the fourth point P_ 1 Fb is placed in the second sensing area TA 2 , the direction determination unit DTP may determine that the movement direction of the external input device AP is the first reference direction RDR 1  toward the second sensing area TA 2  from the first sensing area TA 1 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 C , a point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the first frame is referred to as a seventh point P_ 1 Fc. A point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the second frame is referred to as an eighth point P_ 2 Fc. A point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the third frame is referred to as a ninth point P_ 3 Fc. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 C , in a case where the external input device AP moves to a position adjacent to the non-sensing area NTA in the second sensing area TA 2  over the first to third frames, the direction determination unit DTP may determine that the movement direction of the external input device AP is the first reference direction RDR 1  toward the second sensing area TA 2  from the first sensing area TA 1 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 D , a point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the first frame is referred to as a tenth point P_ 1 Fd. A point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the second frame is referred to as an eleventh point P_ 2 Fd. A point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the third frame is referred to as a twelfth point P_ 3 Fd. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 D , in a case where the external input device AP moves to a position adjacent to the first sensing area TA 1  in the second sensing area TA 2 , over the first to third frames, the direction determination unit DTP may determine that the movement direction of the external input device AP is a second reference direction RDR 2  toward the first sensing area TA 1  from the second sensing area TA 2 . Notably, the second reference direction RDR 2  is opposite to the first reference direction RDR 1 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 E , a point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the first frame is referred to as a thirteenth point P_ 1 Fe. A point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the second frame is referred to as a fourteenth point P_ 2 Fe. A point at which the external input device AP provides the electromagnetic signal EMS to the input sensing layer ISP in the third frame is referred to as a fifteenth point P_ 3 Fe. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 E , in a case where the external input device AP moves to a position adjacent to the first sensing area TA 1  in the second sensing area TA 2 , over the first to third frames and the thirteenth point P_ 1 Fe is disposed at a boundary between the second sensing area TA 2  and the first sensing area TA 1 , the direction determination unit DTP may determine that the movement direction of the external input device AP is the second reference direction RDR 2  toward the first sensing area TA 1  from the second sensing area TA 2 . 
     As an example, when it is determined that the movement direction of the external input device AP is the first reference direction RDR 1 , the direction determination unit DTP provides an edge signal ES_a in the first reference direction RDR 1  to the correction value setting unit CTSP. Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, the edge signal ES_a provided in the first reference direction RDR 1  is referred to as a first edge signal ES_a. 
     As an example, the correction value setting unit CTSP receives the first edge signal ES_a from the direction determination unit DTP and receives the second sensing signal SS 2  and the third sensing signal SS 3  from the memory unit MMP. The correction value setting unit CTSP may set a correction value CTV based on the first edge signal ES_a, the second sensing signal SS 2 , and the third sensing signal SS 3 . 
     As a further example, the correction value setting unit CTSP includes a second extraction unit EXP 2 , a third extraction unit EXP 3 , and a sub-correction value setting unit SCSP. The second extraction unit EXP 2  receives the first edge signal ES_a from the direction determination unit DTP and may extract a center of gravity (hereinafter, referred to as a first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a ) of the first edge signal ES_a based on the values for each location of the input sensing layer ISP included in the first edge signal ES_a. 
     The third extraction unit EXP 3  receives the second and third sensing signals SS 2  and SS 3  from the memory unit MMP. The third extraction unit EXP 3  may extract a center of gravity (hereinafter, referred to as a second center of gravity WC 2 ) of the second sensing signal SS 2  and a center of gravity (hereinafter, referred to as a third center of gravity WC 3 ) of the third sensing signal SS 3  based on the values for each position of the input sensing layer ISP included in each of the second and third sensing signals SS 2  and SS 3 . 
     The sub-correction value setting unit SCSP receives the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  from the second extraction unit EXP 2  and receives the second center of gravity WC 2  and the third center of gravity WC 3  from the third extraction unit EXP 3 . The sub-correction value setting unit SCSP may set the correction value CTV based on the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a , the second center of gravity WC 2 , and the third center of gravity WC 3 . Hereinafter, a center of gravity of a sensing signal, which is provided to the correction value setting unit CTSP, of the first sensing signal SS 1  sensed in the first frame is referred to as a first center of gravity. In a case where the first sensing signal SS 1  corresponds to the second sensing area TA 2  and has the first reference direction RDR 1 , the first center of gravity is the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a .  FIG.  7 A  is a block diagram of a sensing controller showing the configuration in which the correction value setting unit CTSP sets the correction value CTV based on the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a , the second center of gravity WC 2 , and the third center of gravity WC 3  as a representative example. 
     As an example, in a case where the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2  and the third center of gravity WC 3  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2 , the correction value setting unit CTSP may set the second center of gravity WC 2  as the correction value CTV. 
     As an example, in a case where the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2  and the third center of gravity WC 3  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2 , the sub-correction value setting unit SCSP may set the second center of gravity WC 2  as the correction value CTV. 
       FIG.  10    shows a first graph G 1  and a second graph G 2  illustrating the center of gravity of the sensing signal SS vs. the distance between the position in the input sensing layer ISP, at which the second input TC is provided, and the non-sensing area NTA calculated at each position (See  FIG.  5   ). The first graph G 1  shows a level of the center of gravity (hereinafter, referred to as a first level WC_a) before the sensing signal SS generated in the second sensing area TA 2  is corrected, and the second graph G 2  shows a level WC′_a of the center of gravity after the sensing signal SS generated in the second sensing area TA 2  is corrected. Hereinafter, the correction value setting unit CTSP will be described with reference to the first graph G 1 . 
     As an example, when the third position P 3 , as shown in  FIG.  8   , is spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by a first distance ds_a, the center of gravity of the sensing signal SS, which is calculated at the third position P 3 , has the first level WC_a. When the second position P 2  shown in  FIG.  8    is spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by a second distance ds_b, the center of gravity of the sensing signal SS, which is calculated at the second position P 2 , has a second level WC_b. 
     When the first position P 1 , as shown in  FIG.  8   , is spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by the third distance ds_c, the center of gravity of the sensing signal SS, which is calculated at the first position P 1 , has a third level WC_c. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A,  8 ,  9 A, and  10   , describing a first case C 1  where the first point P_ 1 Fa is disposed at the boundary between the first sensing area TA 1  and the second sensing area TA 2  and the external input device AP moves towards the first reference direction RDR 1 . For ease of explanation, in the first case C 1 , the first point P_ 1 Fa will be spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by the second distance ds_b, and the third point P_ 3 Fa will be spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by the third distance ds_c. 
     The first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  has the second level WC_b, the third center of gravity WC 3  has the third level WC_c, and the second center of gravity WC 2  has a level between the second level WC_b and the third level WC_c. In this case, the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is less than the second center of gravity WC 2 , and the third center of gravity WC 3  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2 . 
     Accordingly, in this first case C 1 , the correction value setting unit CTSP does not set the second center of gravity WC 2  as the correction value CTV in this first case C 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A,  8 ,  9 B, and  10   , describing a second case C 2  where the fourth point P_ 1 Fb is disposed in the second sensing area TA 2  and the external input device AP moves to the first reference direction RDR 1 . For ease of explanation, in the second case C 2 , the fourth point P_ 1 Fb will be described as being spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by the first distance ds_a, the fifth point P_ 2 Fb will be described as being spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by the second distance ds_b, and the sixth point P_ 3 Fb will be described as being spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by the third distance ds_c. The first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  has a first level WC_a, the third center of gravity WC 3  has a third level WC_c, and the second center of gravity WC 2  has second level WC_b. In this second case C 2 , the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2 , and the third center of gravity WC 3  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2 . 
     Accordingly, in this second case C 2 , the correction value setting unit CTSP sets the second center of gravity WC 2  as the correction value CTV in this second case C 2 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A,  8 ,  9 C, and  10   , describing a third case where the seventh point P_ 1 Fc and the ninth point P_ 3 Fc are disposed in the second sensing area TA 2  and the external input device AP moves to the first reference direction RDR 1 . For ease of explanation, in this third case C 3 , the seventh point P_ 1 Fc will be described as being spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by the first distance ds_a, and the ninth point P_ 3 Fc will be described as being spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by a distance greater than the first distance ds_a, and less than the second distance ds_b. The first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  has the first level WC_a, the third center of gravity WC 3  has a level less than the first level WC_a, and the second center of gravity WC 2  has a level less than the first level WC_a, and greater than the level of the third center of gravity WC 3 . In this case, the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2 , and the third center of gravity WC 3  is less than the second center of gravity WC 2 . 
     Accordingly, the correction value setting unit CTSP does not set the second center of gravity WC 2  as the correction value CTV in this third case C 3 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A,  8 ,  9 D, and  10   , describing a fourth case where the tenth point P_ 1 Fd is disposed in the second sensing area TA 2  and the external input device AP moves to the second reference direction RDR 2 . For the convenience of explanation, in the fourth case C 4 , the tenth point P_ 1 Fd will be described as being spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by a distance greater than the first distance ds_a, and less than the second distance ds_b, and the twelfth point P_ 3 Fd will be described as being closer to the non-sensing area NTA than the tenth point P_ 1 Fd is. The first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  has a level greater than the second level WC_b, the second center of gravity WC 2  has a level greater than the level of the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a , and the third center of gravity WC 3  has a level greater than the level of the second center of gravity WC 2 . In this case, the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is less than the second center of gravity WC 2 , and the third center of gravity WC 3  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2 . 
     Accordingly, the correction value setting unit CTSP does not set the second center of gravity WC 2  as the correction value CTV in this fourth case C 4 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A,  8 ,  9 E, and  10   , describing a fifth case where the thirteenth point P_ 1 Fe is disposed at the boundary between the first sensing area TA 1  and the second sensing area TA 2  and the external input device AP moves to the second reference direction RDR 2 . For ease of explanation, in this fifth case C 5 , the thirteenth point P_ 1 Fe will be described as being spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by the second distance ds_b, and the fifteenth point P_ 3 Fe will be described as being spaced apart from the non-sensing area NTA by the first distance ds_a. The first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  has the second level WC_b, the third center of gravity WC 3  has the first level WC_a, and the second center of gravity WC 2  has a level between the first level WC_a, and the second level WC_b. In this case, the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is less than the second center of gravity WC 2 , and the third center of gravity WC 3  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2 . 
     Accordingly, the correction value setting unit CTSP does not set the second center of gravity WC 2  as the correction value CTV in this fifth case C 5 . 
     As an example, the sensing controller ICP may include a correction value memory unit CMMP. When the second center of gravity WC 2  is set as the correction value CTV, the correction value setting unit CTSP stores the set correction value CTV in the correction value memory unit CMMP. 
     In addition, when it is determined that the movement direction of the external input device AP is the first reference direction RDR 1 , the direction determination unit DTP provides the first edge signal ES_a to the first comparison unit CPP 1 . The first comparison unit CPP 1  reads out the correction value CTV from the correction value memory unit CMMP. The first comparison unit CPP 1  compares the first edge signal ES_a with the correction value CTV. 
     When the first edge signal ES_a is equal to or less than the correction value CTV, the first comparison unit CPP 1  provides the first edge signal ES_a to the calculation unit CP. In this case, the calculation unit CP calculates the edge input information I_ESS that corresponds to the input information of the external input device AP, which is applied to the second sensing area TA 2 , based on the first edge signal ES_a. 
     When the first edge signal ES_a is greater than the correction value CTV, the first comparison unit CPP 1  provides the first edge signal ES_a to the correction unit CTP. 
     As an example, when it is determined that the movement direction of the external input device AP is the first reference direction RDR 1 , the first comparison unit CPP 1  receives the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  from the second extraction unit EXP 2  included in the correction value setting unit CTSP. In this case, the first comparison unit CPP 1  compares the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  with the correction value CTV. 
       FIG.  7 A  shows an example in which the first comparison unit CPP 1  receives the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  from the second extraction unit EXP 2 . 
     When the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is equal to or less than the correction value CTV, the first comparison unit CPP 1  provides the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  to the calculation unit CP. In this case, the calculation unit CP calculates the edge input information I_ESS that corresponds to the input information of the external input device AP, which is applied to the second sensing area TA 2 , based on the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a.    
     When the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is greater than the correction value CTV, the first comparison unit CPP 1  provides the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  to the correction unit CTP. 
     The correction unit CTP reads out the correction value CTV from the correction value memory unit CMMP. The correction unit CTP may correct the first edge signal ES_a based on the correction value CTV and generates a correction edge signal. As an example, when the correction unit CTP receives the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a , the correction unit CTP may correct the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  based on the correction value CTV and generates a first correction edge center of gravity WCF_a. Hereinafter, an example in which the correction unit CTP receives the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  and corrects the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  to generate the first correction edge center of gravity WCF_a will be described. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A and  10   , when the first level WC_a of the edge center of gravity corresponding to the second sensing area TA 2  is greater than the correction value CTV, a difference between the edge center of gravity and the correction value CTV is referred to as a correction difference ΔWC. The correction unit CTP may correct the edge center of gravity situated at the first level WC_a based on the correction difference ΔWC and may generate a correction edge center of gravity situated at the corrected level WC′_a, as shown in equation 1. 
         WC ′_ a=Wc _ a −2×(Δ WC )  Equation 1:
 
     More particularly, in Equation 1, WC′_a denotes the level of the edge center of gravity after the correction operation, WC_a denotes the level of the edge center of gravity before the correction operation, and ΔWC denotes the correction difference, defined as a difference between the edge center of gravity and the correction value CTV. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  7 A , the correction unit CTP provides the first correction edge center of gravity WC 1 ′_a generated through Equation 1 to the calculation unit CP. The calculation unit CP may calculate the edge input information I_ESS that corresponds to the input information of the external input device AP, which is applied to the second sensing area TA 2 , based on the first correction edge center of gravity WC 1 ′_a. 
     As an example, when it is determined that the movement direction of the external input device AP is the second reference direction RDR 2 , the direction determination unit DTP provides an edge signal ES_b provided in the second reference direction RDR 2  to the second comparison unit CPP 2 . Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, the edge signal ES_b provided in the second reference direction RDR 2  is referred to as a second edge signal ES_b. 
     As an example, the second comparison unit CPP 2  receives the second edge signal ES_b from the direction determination unit DTP and reads out the correction value CTV from the correction value memory unit CMMP. The second comparison unit CPP 2  compares the second edge signal ES_b with the correction value CTV. When the second edge signal ES_b is equal to the correction value CTV, the second comparison unit CPP 2  provides the second edge signal ES_b to the calculation unit CP. In this case, the calculation unit CP calculates the edge input information I_ESS that corresponds to the input information of the external input device AP, which is provided to the second sensing area TA 2 , based on the second edge signal ES_b. 
     When the second edge signal ES_b is different from the correction value CTV, the second comparison unit CPP 2  provides the second edge signal ES_b to the correction value setting unit CTSP and the correction unit CTP. 
     As an example, the second comparison unit CPP 2  includes a fourth extraction unit EXP 4  and a sub-comparison unit SCCP. The fourth extraction unit EXP 4  receives the second edge signal ES_b from the direction determination unit DTP and may extract a center of gravity (hereinafter, referred to as a second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b ) of the second edge signal ES_b based on values for each position of the input sensing layer ISP included in the second edge signal ES_b. The sub-comparison unit SCCP receives the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b  from the fourth extraction unit EXP 4  and compares the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b  with the correction value CTV. 
     When the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b  is equal to the correction value CTV, the sub-comparison unit SCCP provides the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b  to the calculation unit CP. In this case, the calculation unit CP may calculate the edge input information I_ESS that corresponds to the input information of the external input device AP, which is provided to the second sensing area TA 2 , based on the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b.    
     When the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b  is different from the correction value CTV, the sub-comparison unit SCCP provides the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b  to the correction value setting unit CTSP and the correction unit CTP.  FIG.  7 A  shows a configuration in which the second comparison unit CPP 2  includes the fourth extraction unit EXP 4  and the sub-comparison unit SCCP. 
     The sub-correction value setting unit SCSP included in the correction value setting unit CTSP receives the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b  from the second comparison unit CPP 2  and receives the second center of gravity WC 2  and the third center of gravity WC 3  from the third extraction unit EXP 3 . The sub-correction value setting unit SCSP sets the correction value CTV based on the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b , the second center of gravity WC 2 , and the third center of gravity WC 3 . In a case where the first sensing signal SS 1  corresponds to the second sensing area TA 2  and has the second reference direction RDR 2  and the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b  is different from the correction value CTV, the first center of gravity may be the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b.    
     As an example, when the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2  and the third center of gravity WC 3  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2 , the sub-correction value setting unit SCSP sets the second center of gravity WC 2  as the correction value CTV. 
     The correction unit CTP reads out the correction value CTV from the correction value memory unit CMMP. The correction unit CTP may correct the second edge signal ES_b based on the correction value CTV and generates the correction edge signal. As an example, when the correction unit CTP receives the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b , the correction unit CTP may correct the second edge center of gravity WC 1 _ b  based on the correction value CTV and generates a second correction edge center of gravity WC 1 ′_b. In this case, the correction unit CTP provides the second correction edge center of gravity WC 1 ′_b generated through Equation 1 to the calculation unit CP. The calculation unit CP then calculates the edge input information I_ESS that corresponds to the input information of the external input device AP provided to the second sensing area TA 2  based on the second correction edge center of gravity WC 1 ′_b. 
     Referring to the first graph G 1  shown in  FIG.  10   , when the second input TC is provided to the second sensing area TA 2 , the level of the center of gravity increases as the position where the second input TC is provided is closer to the non-sensing area NTA. This is because the transmission electrodes SE 1 _ 1  to SE 1 _ 5  (See  FIG.  5   ) and the reception electrodes SE 2 _ 1  to SE 2 _ 4  (See  FIG.  5   ) are not disposed in the non-sensing area NTA. Accordingly, the calculation unit CP incorrectly calculates the input information including coordinate information of the external input device AP. 
     Referring now to the second graph G 2  shown in  FIG.  10   , according to the inventive concept, when the second input TC is provided to the second sensing area TA 2 , it is possible to determine whether an error occurs in which the level of the center of gravity increases as the position where the second input TC is provided is closer to the non-sensing area NTA. In addition, the correction value CTV may be calculated to correct the error, and the incorrectly calculated center of gravity is corrected based on the correction value CTV. Accordingly, although the sensing signal SS, which may be, for example, the center of gravity, by the external input device AP is distorted, the calculation unit CP may correctly calculate the input information including coordinate information of the external input device AP, and thus, the reliability of the input information is maintained. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7 B , when the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is equal to the correction value CTV, a second comparison unit CPP 2 _ a , included in the sensing controller ICP further generates an initialization signal S_init. The second comparison unit CPP 2 _ a  provides the initialization signal S_init to a correction value memory unit CMMP_a. When receiving the initialization signal S_init, the correction value memory unit CMMP_a initializes the stored correction value CTV. Accordingly, when the input information of the external input device AP is calculated, the error caused by the incorrectly calculated correction value CTV is prevented from occurring. 
       FIGS.  11 A and  11 B  are flowcharts of a method of driving the display device according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. In  FIGS.  11 A and  11 B , the same reference numerals denote the same elements and signals in  FIG.  7 A , and thus, detailed descriptions of the same elements and signals will be omitted. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  6 ,  7 A,  8 , and  11 A , the display device DD determines whether the first sensing signal SS 1  generated by resonating with the electromagnetic signal EMS provided from the external input device AP in the first frame is equal to or greater than the predetermined reference value RFV via the sensing controller ICP (S 100 ). Accordingly, it is possible to determine whether the first sensing signal SS 1  is the center signal CS generated in the first sensing area TA 1  or the edge signal ES generated in the second sensing area TA 2 . In particular, in the case where the first sensing signal SS 1  is equal to or greater than the reference value RFV, the sensing controller ICP determines that the first sensing signal SS 1  is the edge signal ES, and when the first sensing signal SS 1  is less than the reference value RFV, the sensing controller ICP determines that the first sensing signal SS 1  is the center signal CS. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A,  9 A to  9 E, and  11 A , when it is determined that the first sensing signal SS 1  is the edge signal ES, the sensing controller ICP may determine whether the movement direction of the external input device AP during the first and second frames is the first reference direction RDR 1 , based on two parameters, the edge signal ES and the second sensing signal SS 2  generated in the second frame right before the first frame (S 200 ). 
     When it is determined that the movement direction of the external input device AP is the first reference direction RDR 1 , the sensing controller ICP sets the correction value CTV based on three parameters, a calculated first edge center of gravity of the edge signal ES, a calculated second center of gravity of the second sensing signal SS 2 , and a calculated third center of gravity of the third sensing signal SS 3  generated in the third frame right before the second frame (S 300 ). As an example, the sensing controller ICP sets the correction value CTV using the first edge center of gravity WC 1 _ a  (hereinafter, referred to as the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  in  FIGS.  11 A and  11 B ) of the edge signal ES, which is calculated based on the edge signal ES, the second center of gravity WC 2  of the second sensing signal SS 2 , which is calculated based on the second sensing signal SS 2 , and the third center of gravity WC 3  of the third sensing signal SS 3 , which is calculated based on the third sensing signal SS 3  (S 300 ). In this case, the sensing controller ICP determines whether the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2  and whether the third center of gravity WC 3  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2  (S 300 ) to determine that the movement direction is the first reference direction RDR 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A,  10 , and  11 A , when the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is determined to be greater than the second center of gravity WC 2  and the third center of gravity WC 3  is determined to be greater than the second center of gravity WC 2 , the sensing controller ICP sets the second center of gravity WC 2  as the correction value CTV (S 310 ). Thereafter, the sensing controller ICP corrects the edge signal ES based on the correction value CTV to generate the correction edge signal (S 311 ). As an example, the sensing controller ICP corrects the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  based on the correction value CTV to generate the first correction edge center of gravity WC 1 ′_a (S 311 ). 
     The sensing controller ICP calculates the input information I_SS of the external input device AP based on the correction edge signal (S 500 ). As an example, the sensing controller ICP calculates the edge input information I_ESS provided to the second sensing area TA 2  from among the input information I_SS provided by the sensing controller ICP based on the correction edge signal (S 500 ). As an example, the sensing controller ICP also calculates the edge input information I_ESS based on the first correction edge center of gravity WC 1 ′_a (S 500 ). 
     In one case where the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is smaller than the second center of gravity WC 2 , or when the third center of gravity WC 3  is less than the second center of gravity WC 2  (S 320 ), the sensing controller ICP determines whether the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is greater than the correction value CTV. Alternatively, when it is otherwise determined that the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is greater than the correction value CTV, the sensing controller ICP corrects the edge signal ES again based on the correction value CTV to generate the correction edge signal (S 311 ). As an example, the sensing controller ICP corrects the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  based on the correction value CTV to generate the first correction edge center of gravity WC 1 ′_a (S 311 ). When it is determined that the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is equal to or less than the correction value CTV, the sensing controller ICP calculates the edge input information I_ESS provided to the second sensing area TA 2  from among the input information I_SS provided to the sensing controller ICP based on the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  (S 500 ). 
     As an example, when it is determined that the first sensing signal SS 1  is the center signal CS in the case where the first sensing signal SS 1  is determined to be equal to or greater than the predetermined reference value RFV (S 100 ), the sensing controller ICP may calculate the center input information I_CSS provided to the first sensing area TA 1  among the input information I_SS provided by the sensing controller ICP based solely on the center signal CS (S 500 ). 
     As an example, when it is determined that the movement direction of the external input device AP is not in the first reference direction RDR 1  (S 200 ), the sensing controller ICP determines whether the edge signal ES is equal to the correction value CTV (S 400 ). If it is determined that the edge signal ES is equal to the correction value CTV (S 400 ), the movement direction of the external input device AP is determined to be in the second reference direction RDR 2  opposite to the first reference direction RDR 1 . In addition, the sensing controller ICP determines whether the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  of the edge signal ES is equal to the correction value CTV (S 400 ). 
     When it is determined that the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is not equal to the correction value CTV, the sensing controller ICP may again determine whether the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2  and whether the third center of gravity WC 3  is greater than the second center of gravity WC 2  (S 300 ) and may perform a subsequent operation according to the determined result. The subsequent operation includes the steps of setting the correction value CTV, generating the correction edge signal based on the correction value CTV, and calculating input information I_SS of an external input device AP based on the correction edge signal. 
     When it is determined that the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is equal to the correction value CTV, the sensing controller ICP calculates the edge input information I_ESS provided to the second sensing area TA 2  among the input information I_SS provided by the sensing controller ICP to the second sensing area TA 2  based solely on the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  (S 500 ). 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 B and  11 B , a method of driving the display device DD is shown. Hereinafter, the same reference numerals denote the same operations in  FIG.  11 A , and thus, detailed descriptions of the same operations will be omitted. 
     As an example, when it is determined that the first sensing signal SS 1  is equal to or greater than the reference value RFV as a result of the comparison between the first sensing signal SS 1  and the predetermined reference value RFV (S 100 ), the sensing controller ICP initializes the set correction value CTV (S 110 ). As the correction value CTV is initialized when it is not necessary to compensate for the first sensing signal SS 1 , it is possible to prevent errors in calculating the input information of the external input device AP, which occurs due to the correction value CTV being set incorrectly. Then, the sensing controller ICP may calculate the center input information I_CSS provided to the first sensing area TA 1  among the input information I_SS provided by the sensing controller ICP based on the center signal CS (S 500 ). 
     As an example, when it is determined that the movement direction of the external input device AP is not the first reference direction RDR 1  (S 200 ), the sensing controller ICP determines whether the correction value CTV is equal to the predetermined initial value (S 210 ). According to an embodiment, the predetermined initial value (S 210 ) may be several to hundreds of times greater than the correction difference ΔWC (See  FIG.  10   ). 
     When it is determined that the correction value CTV is equal to the predetermined initial value, the sensing controller ICP calculates the edge input information I_ESS, which is provided to the second sensing area TA 2  among the totality of input information I_SS, based on both the first center of gravity WC 1 _aand the edge signal ES (S 500 ). 
     When it is determined that the correction value CTV is not equal to the predetermined initial value (S 210 ), the sensing controller ICP determines whether the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is equal to the correction value CTV (S 400 ). When it is determined that the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  is equal to the correction value CTV, the sensing controller ICP initializes the set correction value CTV (S 110 ). Then, the sensing controller ICP calculates the edge input information I_ESS provided to the second sensing area TA 2  among the input information I_SS provided to the sensing area TA 2  from the sensing controller ICP based solely on the first center of gravity WC 1 _ a  (S 500 ). 
     While the inventive concept has been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept as defined by the following claims.