Patent Publication Number: US-7590762-B2

Title: API for network discovery

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Historically, operating systems have communicated network status and associated system settings with the network adapters in the computer. For example, the system would report that “Local Area Connection 1” or “Wireless Connection 1” is connected, and firewall settings could be set per-adapter. Network adapter types are a complicated concept and require users to understand networking concepts in order to understand status. In addition, as the number of network adapter types increases, it becomes increasingly likely that a computer will connect to the same network over multiple adapters. Moreover, a network adapter is likely to be used to connect to multiple networks, and system settings that are appropriate from one network may not be correct for another network. Typical users care about what they are connected to, not how they are connected, and many system settings should be based upon the network to which the computer is connected, not how they are connected. 
     SUMMARY 
     Discovery of a network to which a device is in communication and classifying the network is disclosed. The network may be classified as a network already known or a new network signature may be created where the network signature is made up of a network id, a link id and a hop id. The discovery may use APIs created to assist the network discovery process. User interfaces to assist users with network connections also are described. 
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a computing system that may operate in accordance with the claims; 
         FIG. 2  is an illustration of a method of network identification in accordance with the claims; 
         FIG. 3  may be an illustration of some examples of network profiles that are created when laptop connects to home or office network; 
         FIG. 4  may be an illustration of a programmatic view of one manner of executing the method; 
         FIG. 5  may be an illustration of the architecture for the method; 
         FIG. 6  may be an illustration of a sample Network Connection Folder in accordance with the method; and 
         FIG. 7  may be an illustration of a grouping of network icons. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     Although the following text sets forth a detailed description of numerous different embodiments, it should be understood that the legal scope of the description is defined by the words of the claims set forth at the end of this patent. The detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment since describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. Numerous alternative embodiments could be implemented, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims. 
     It should also be understood that, unless a term is expressly defined in this patent using the sentence “As used herein, the term ‘______’ is hereby defined to mean . . . ” or a similar sentence, there is no intent to limit the meaning of that term, either expressly or by implication, beyond its plain or ordinary meaning, and such term should not be interpreted to be limited in scope based on any statement made in any section of this patent (other than the language of the claims). To the extent that any term recited in the claims at the end of this patent is referred to in this patent in a manner consistent with a single meaning, that is done for sake of clarity only so as to not confuse the reader, and it is not intended that such claim term by limited, by implication or otherwise, to that single meaning. Finally, unless a claim element is defined by reciting the word “means” and a function without the recital of any structure, it is not intended that the scope of any claim element be interpreted based on the application of 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a suitable computing system environment  100  on which a system for the steps of the claimed method and apparatus may be implemented. The computing system environment  100  is only one example of a suitable computing environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the method of apparatus of the claims. Neither should the computing environment  100  be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated in the exemplary operating environment  100 . 
     The steps of the claimed method and apparatus are operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the methods or apparatus of the claims include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like. 
     The steps of the claimed method and apparatus may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The methods and apparatus may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices. 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , an exemplary system for implementing the steps of the claimed method and apparatus includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a computer  110 . Components of computer  110  may include, but are not limited to, a processing unit  120 , a system memory  130 , and a system bus  121  that couples various system components including the system memory to the processing unit  120 . The system bus  121  may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus also known as Mezzanine bus. 
     Computer  110  typically includes a variety of computer readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computer  110  and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by computer  110 . Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media. 
     The system memory  130  includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM)  131  and random access memory (RAM)  132 . A basic input/output system  133  (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer  110 , such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM  131 . RAM  132  typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit  120 . By way of example, and not limitation,  FIG. 1  illustrates operating system  134 , application programs  135 , other program modules  136 , and program data  137 . 
     The computer  110  may also include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only,  FIG. 1  illustrates a hard disk drive  140  that reads from or writes to non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media, a magnetic disk drive  151  that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk  152 , and an optical disk drive  155  that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile optical disk  156  such as a CD ROM or other optical media. Other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media that can be used in the exemplary operating environment include, but are not limited to, magnetic tape cassettes, flash memory cards, digital versatile disks, digital video tape, solid state RAM, solid state ROM, and the like. The hard disk drive  141  is typically connected to the system bus  121  through a non-removable memory interface such as interface  140 , and magnetic disk drive  151  and optical disk drive  155  are typically connected to the system bus  121  by a removable memory interface, such as interface  150 . 
     The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in  FIG. 1 , provide storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer  110 . In  FIG. 1 , for example, hard disk drive  141  is illustrated as storing operating system  144 , application programs  145 , other program modules  146 , and program data  147 . Note that these components can either be the same as or different from operating system  134 , application programs  135 , other program modules  136 , and program data  137 . Operating system  144 , application programs  145 , other program modules  146 , and program data  147  are given different numbers here to illustrate that, at a minimum, they are different copies. A user may enter commands and information into the computer  20  through input devices such as a keyboard  162  and pointing device  161 , commonly referred to as a mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit  120  through a user input interface  160  that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor  191  or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus  121  via an interface, such as a video interface  190 . In addition to the monitor, computers may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers  197  and printer  196 , which may be connected through an output peripheral interface  190 . 
     The computer  110  may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer  180 . The remote computer  180  may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer  110 , although only a memory storage device  181  has been illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The logical connections depicted in  FIG. 1  include a local area network (LAN)  171  and a wide area network (WAN)  173 , but may also include other networks. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet. 
     When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer  110  is connected to the LAN  171  through a network interface or adapter  170 . When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer  110  typically includes a modem  172  or other means for establishing communications over the WAN  173 , such as the Internet. The modem  172 , which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus  121  via the user input interface  160 , or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer  110 , or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation,  FIG. 1  illustrates remote application programs  185  as residing on memory device  181 . It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used. 
       FIG. 2  is an illustration of a method of network identification in accordance with the claims. At block  200 , the method may begin by obtaining a network signature from a network to which the device connects. At block  205 , the method may determine whether the network signature is recognized by the device. The device may have stored network signatures from networks it has connected to in the past. At block  210 , if the network signature is not recognized, the method may determine whether the network signature is managed. At block  215 , if it is determined that the signature is not managed, the method may attempt to obtain a signature matching network ID and link ID. At block  220 , if it is determined that the signature is managed, the method may attempt to obtain a signature matching network ID. At block  225 , the method may determine whether a matching network signature is found. The logic may be as follows: If a new managed network signature has the same Network ID and value for the authenticated/not authenticated flag as a network signature already associated with a network profile, then the new network signature will be added to the network profile that includes the matching network signature. Otherwise, a new network profile will be created for the new managed network signature. If a new unmanaged network signature has the same Network ID and Link ID as a network signature already associated with a network profile, then the new network signature will be added to the network profile that includes the matching network signature. Otherwise, a new network profile will be created for the new unmanaged network signature. 
     At block  230 , if a matching network signature is not found, the method may create a new profile for the new network signature. The default name for a new network profile may be the DNS suffix of the network. If the DNS suffix is already the name of another network profile, then sequential numbering will be included in the name of the new network profile (i.e. microsoft.com, microsoft.com 2, microsoft.com 3, etc.). The default icon for the profile will be a generic network profile icon. At block  235 , if a matching network signature is found, the method may merge the new network signature with the found network signature. At block  240 , if a network signature is recognized by the device at block  205 , the method may update the network signature status. By updating network signature status, the method may update whether a network signature was connected or not or whether a network signature was authenticated or not. 
     A network signature may be a network ID, a link ID and a hop ID. The network ID may be a unique ID corresponding to a site, for example, Microsoft.com. Of the network, link and hop IDs, the network ID is the least specific. A link ID may be a unique ID corresponding to a subnet, for example, a MAC gateway address. This ID is more specific than the network ID, but less specific than the hop ID. A hop ID may be a unique ID corresponding to a segment, for example, a specific access point. Of the network, link and hop IDs, the hop ID is the most specific. A managed network may be a network with a domain controller and an unmanaged network may be a network without a domain controller. The following are several examples of the method. 
     Separate Profiles for Two “Identical” Home Networks 
     Abby and her neighbor purchase identical routers, and simply plug them into power and their cable modems. Abby connects her laptop to her home network and the first network profile is automatically created. Some time later, Abby visits her neighbor and decides to connect her laptop to her neighbor&#39;s network. After she connects, the neighbor&#39;s network is identified as a different network and assigned a new profile. 
     Same Profile for Wired and Wireless Connections to a Network 
     Abby typically connects her laptop to her home network via 802.11. Today, however, she plans to transfer some very large files so she decides to connect to her home network via Ethernet. After she connects, Windows reports that she is connected to the same network profile as when she is connected via 802.11. 
     One Profile for a Domain 
     Ed&#39;s corporation has a campus with multiple buildings and many wireless access points. Though Ed uses his laptop in most of these buildings and therefore, connects to many access points, he is always shown as connected to the same network profile. Additionally, if he VPNs into work from home, he is shown as connected to the same network profile. 
     Automatic Switching of Default Printer 
     Patrick frequently uses his laptop at work and at home. He configures his laptop so that it automatically switches the default printer based upon the network profile to which it is currently connected. When at work, the default printer automatically switches to be the printer in his office. When at home, the default printer automatically switches to be the printer in his study, even if he is also VPNed into work. 
     Network Profile-Based Firewall Port Management 
     Patrick almost always has his laptop with him, and he connects to multiple networks. On some networks, he wants to interact with other computers and devices on the network, so he chooses to open the discovery ports in Windows Firewall when connected to these networks. Patrick, however, uses other networks simply for Internet access and wants to maximize his security on these networks, so he chooses to close the discovery ports in Windows Firewall when connected to these networks. 
       FIG. 3  may be some examples of network profiles that are created when laptop connects to home or office network. 
     Scenario 1—When the laptop  300  is connected to internet  305  through an Internet Service Provider at home, a network profile “Home” is created by the Network Profile Service.’ 
     Scenario 2—When the laptop  300  is connected to corporate network, another network profile “Work” is created by the Network Profile Service. “Home” network profile remains inactive. 
     Scenario 3—When laptop  300  is connected to network at home through the ISP, “Work” network profile remains inactive. However, when a VPN connection is established to the corporate network, “Work” network profile also becomes active. 
       FIG. 4  may be an illustration of a programmatic view of one manner of executing the method. This example may be tailored to the Microsoft Windows operating system but other systems are contemplated. The Network Profile Service  400  may be a win32 service which hosts all the COM objects. It may run in svchost process in LocalServiceNoNetwork account. The Network Profile Service  400  may need to persist its state in the registry and update it whenever there is a change in the state of connected networks. Therefore, its startup type may be automatic. 
     The Network Profile Manager  405  may be a singleton COM object which monitors network connectivity by registering with the Network Location Awareness (“NLA”) service  410 , provides network change notifications to interested clients and exposes a set of APIs  415  for Network Profile Management such as Network Profile Management UIs  420 . 
     The Network Profile Enumerator  425  may be a COM object that provides an interface to enable enumeration of available, connected and saved Network Profiles  430 , such as those in store  435 . 
     The Network Profile  430  may be a COM object that represents a network on the system. For example, Abby&#39;s Network, Home Network etc. 
     The Network Signature Enumerator  440  may be the COM object that provides an interface to enumerate network signatures. 
     The Network Signature  445  may be a COM object that provides an interface to represent a network signature. 
     The architecture for the method may be illustrated in  FIG. 5 . The network profiles management user interface may be divided into three largely independent components:
         Network profile property pages  505 ;   Network profiles folder  510 ; and   Network status and options page  515 .       

     According to the method, there may be a property page for each network profile. This property page may a few functions:
         Allow the user to change the name and icon for the network profile;   Show the network profile&#39;s current status;   Allow the user to manage the signatures associated with the network profile; and   Allow the user to launch network connection status and property window.       

     The Network Profiles Folder may be the central place for managing network profiles. It may allow the user to rename profile and launch Network Profile Property pages. It may be an implementation of IShellFolder interface and other Shell extension related interfaces to provide features like context menu and drag and drop. It may have a list view showing the information from Network Profile Services. 
     The Network Status and Options Page may be the central place for viewing the status of the user session&#39;s overall network connectivity, launching relevant tasks and linking to the various components for managing network configuration. This fold may be implemented by using the call processing language “CPL”) framework  517  and hosting a network mini-map provided by netmap.dll  535 . 
     In Profile Manager, CProfileMgr  520  may be a base class for the Network profile property pages, the Network profiles folder and the Network status and options page to inherit and may be responsible for getting and setting properties to/from the Network Profile Services  525 . This class may also provide functions for getting profile list, signature list, icon list . . . etc. The Network Profile Services  525  may provide network profile and signature data and notifications. The Netshell.dll  530  may host the Connection Status and Property pages that the method needs to launch. The Netmap.dll  535  may provide the network mini-map implementation that the method may host in the Status and Options folder component. The Network Communications Services Interface “NCSI”)  540 —Network Profile Services may provide the state of a profile whether it is connected or not. But, it may not distinguish whether it has Internet connectivity or just local connectivity as NCSI may help in that regard. NCSI may be built into NLA. The Netman.dll  545  may provide the network connection data (icon provided by netshell/dll). 
     Programming Model 
     The programming model may be a COM based interface that supports automation. The clients may connect to the Network Profile Service  525  by instantiating a Profile Manager object. Through the Profile Manager object, the clients may enumerate or register for change notifications. The COM APIs fall into the following classes.
         Network Profile Management API—This set of APIs may allow creating and deleting network profiles as well as moving network signatures from one network profile to another.   Network Profile Enumeration API—This set of APIs may allow enumerating network profiles and the network signatures therein.   Asynchronous Notification API—This set of API may allow registering for notifications when state of a network profile changes, or it is deleted/created.       

     Component Interaction 
     Detecting Networks 
     The Network Profile Service  525  may detect the presence of a network by registering with NLA  540 . Whenever a network connection is established or its state changes, the Network Profile Service  525  may get a notification from NLA  540 . NLA  540  may provide a unique signature identifying the network interface along with some characteristics of the network interface 
     Managing NLA Signatures 
     Network Profile Service  525  may use NLA API to parse the NLA signature in terms of its underlying components which may be NetworkID, LinkID and HopID. The NetworkID and possibly the LinkID may be used to determine if it is a new network or an existing network. Other characteristics provided by NLA may help determine if the network is managed or unmanaged. 
     Managing Network Profiles 
     As described in relation to  FIG. 2 , network profiles  505  ( FIG. 5 ) may reflect the network environment to which a computer is connected. The profiles may consist of one or more network signatures. If a signature is detected that doesn&#39;t already exist in a profile or cannot be merged into an existing profile then, Network Profile Service may create a new network profile. However, if the new signature is already part of a network profile then, the status of the network profile may be updated to reflect the change in the state. 
     Network Profile Store 
     The Network Profile Service may use the registry to save all the information about network profiles and specific pieces of NLA signatures. During the boot process, it may initialize its internal data structures by reloading the information from the registry. 
     The following information about a network profile may persist in the registry.
         ID   Name   Description   Icon ID   Bits indicating managed/unmanaged and authenticated/unauthenticated flag   Local time and date created       

     The following information about a network signature may persist in the registry.
         ID   Description   Bits indicating managed/unmanaged and authenticated/unauthenticated flag   ID of the owning network profile       

     Managing Networks in Different Compartments 
     Though network profiles are visible to all users, Network Profile Service may ensure that the state of a network profile is correctly reflected to users of different session. To do this, the Network Profile may takes into account the compartment id of the networks. For example, if a user makes a VPN connection, the network profile containing the network signature corresponding to the VPN connection may appear connected to the only user that made the VPN connection. The network profile may appear disconnected to the rest of the users. Additionally, the notification of the connection may be sent to only those applications that are running in the context of the user of the active VPN connection. 
     The method may also expose application programming interfaces “APIs”) to assist using the new functionality. The Network Profiles Service will expose APIs that provide the following functionality:
         APIs for all users:
           Enumerate each of the following (independently):
               Connected network profiles   Disconnected network profiles   All network profiles   Network signatures for a network profile   Network interfaces for a connected network profile   Network interfaces for a connected network signature   
               Status:
               Connected/disconnected for a network profile   Connected/disconnected for a network signature   Managed/unmanaged for a network profile   Authenticated/not authenticated for a network profile   
               Properties:
               Get/set friendly name for a network profile   Get/set icon for a network profile (should be able to specify an image file that will be converted to an icon)   Get/set description for a network profile   Get date network profile was created   Get date network profile was last connected   
               
           APIs for administrators only:
           Move network signature from one network profile to another   Delete network signature   Create network profile   Delete network profile   Merge network profiles   
               

     Notifications 
     The method may also provide notifications of the following events to components that register to receive the notifications:
         Network profile connect/disconnect   Network profile add/delete   Network signature connected/disconnected   Change to network profile properties       

     The specific APIs may be as follows: 
     INetworkProfileManager 
     The interface may be implemented by a singleton COM object. It may provide a set of methods to perform network profile management functions. The following is a description of various tasks that may be supported by this interface. 
     Creating a Network Profile 
     CreateNetworkProfile method may create a new network profile with the specified name and returns a pointer to INetworkProfile interface pointer on success. 
     HRESULT CreateNetworkProfile ([in] LPWSTR szProfileName,
         [out] INetworkProfile **ppProfile);       

     Network Profile Enumerator 
     EnumNetworkProfiles may return an interface to enumerate Network Profiles that are connected, disconnected or all. NP_ENUM_PROFILE flag may control the type of network profiles to enumerate. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 HRESULT EnumNetworkProfiles ([in] NP_ENUM_NETWORK —   
               
               
                 PROFILE 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out] IEnumNetworkProfile **ppEnum); 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 typedef [v1_enum] enum tagNP_ENUM_NETWORK_PROFILE 
               
               
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_ENUM_NETWORK_PROFILE_CONNECTED = 0x01, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 NP_ENUM_NETWORK_PROFILE_DISCONNECTED = 0x02, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_ENUM_NETWORK_PROFILE_ALL = 0x03 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 } NP_ENUM_NETWORK_PROFILE; 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     NP_ENUM_NETWORK_PROFILE_CONNECTED may cause the enumerator to return network profiles that are connected at the time the IEnumNetworkProfile enumerator is instantiated. cOnce IEnumNetworkProfile enumerator interface is returned to the caller, the list of connected network profiles may be locked for that instance of the enumerator. If a network profile becomes disconnected during the enumeration, the network profile may not be dropped from the list of this enumerator. If a new network profile is created by the network profile service during the enumeration then, it may not be included in the enumeration. 
     NP_ENUM_NETWORK_PROFILE_DISCONNECTED may cause the enumerator to return network profiles that are disconnected at the time the IEnumNetworkProfile enumerator is instantiated. Once IEnumNetworkProfile enumerator interface is returned to the caller, the list of disconnected network profiles may be locked for that instance of the enumerator. If a network profile becomes connected during the enumeration, the network profile may not be dropped from the list of this instance of enumerator. If a new network profile is created by the network profile service during the enumeration then, it may not be included in the enumeration. 
     NP_ENUM_NETWORK_PROFILE_ALL may cause the enumerator to return all the network profiles that are in the system irrespective of their state. If a new network profile is created by the network profile service during the enumeration, then it may be included in the enumeration list. The caller may have to reset the point of enumeration if it is already at the end to get the newly created network profile. 
     In all types of enumeration, if a network profile is deleted, it may be removed from the enumerator&#39;s list. 
     Deleting a Network Profile 
     DeleteNetworkProfile may delete a network profile. 
     HRESULT DeleteNetworkProfile ([in] GUID *pProfileId); 
     A connected or managed network profile may not be deleted. The function may fail if it is called on a connected or managed network profile. Once a network profile is deleted, the only method that may successfully work on INetworkProfile interface is GetId. All other methods may fail with error code E_UNEXPECTED. 
     Deleting a Network Signature 
     DeleteNetworkSignature may delete a network signature. 
     HRESULT DeleteNetworkSignature ([in] LPWSTR szSignatureId); 
     An active network signature may not be deleted. The function may fail if it is called on an active signature. Once a network signature is deleted, the only method that may successfully work on INetworkSignature interface is GetId. All other methods may fail with error code E_UNEXPECTED. 
     IEnumNetworkProfile 
     IEnumNetworkProfile may be a standard enumerator for network profiles. It may enumerate connected, disconnected or all network profiles. 
     Standard Enumeration Methods 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT Next([in] ULONG celt, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out, size_is(celt), length_is(*pceltFetched)] 
               
               
                   
                 INetworkProfile **rgelt, 
               
               
                   
                 [out] ULONG *pceltFetched); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT Skip([in] ULONG celt); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT Reset ( ); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT Clone([out] IEnumNetworkProfile **ppenum); 
               
               
                   
                 IEnumNetworkSignature 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     IEnumNetworkSignature may be a standard enumerator for NLA signatures. It may enumerate connected or active, disconnected or all network signatures within a profile. The interface may be obtained from INetworkProfile interface. 
     Standard Enumeration Methods 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT Next([in] ULONG celt, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out, size_is(celt), length_is(*pceltFetched)] 
               
               
                   
                 INetworkSignature **rgelt, 
               
               
                   
                 [out] ULONG *pceltFetched); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT Skip([in] ULONG celt); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT Reset ( ); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT Clone([out] IEnumNetworkSignature **ppenum); 
               
               
                   
                 INetworkProfile 
               
               
                   
                 INetworkProfile represents a network profile. 
               
               
                   
                 Name of the Network Profile. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     GetName may return the name of the network profile. The caller may be responsible for releasing the memory pointed to by *ppszProfileName by calling CoTaskMemFree. 
     HRESULT GetName ([out, string] LPWSTR *ppszProfileName); 
     Rename may rename a network profile. 
     HRESULT Rename ([in, string] LPWSTR pszProfileNewName); 
     The name of the network file may be MAX_PROFILE_NAME_LEN long. Two may have the same name. So, it may not bw recommended to use the name to identify a network profile. The name may be required to not contain \, /, :, *, ?, ″, &lt;, &gt;, | tab characters. 
     Description of the Network Profile. 
     GetDescription may return a description string for the network profile. The caller may be responsible for releasing the memory pointed to by *ppszDescription by calling CoTaskMemFree, 
     HRESULT GetDescription ([out, string] LPWSTR *ppszDescription); 
     SetDescription may set a new description of the network profile. 
     HRESULT SetDescription ([in, string] LPWSTR pszDescription); 
     The description of a network profile may be MAX_PROFILE_DESC_LEN. 
     Identifier of the Network Profile 
     GetId may return a unique identifier of a network profile. The caller may be responsible for allocating the buffer pointed to by pguidProfileId and should be large enough to hold a GUID. 
     HRESULT GetId ([out] GUID *pguidProfileId); 
     Icon of the Network Profile 
     GetIcon may return the icon of a network profile in base64 encoded format. The caller may be responsible for releasing the memory pointed to by *ppIconData using CoTaskMemFree function. 
     HRESULT GetIcon ([out] DWORD *pdwBytes,
         [out, size_is(, *pdwBytes)] BYTE **ppIconData);       

     SetIcon may set a new icon for a network profile. pIconData may contain the icon bitmap in base64 encoded format. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT SetIcon ([in] DWORD dwBytes, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [in, size_is(dwBytes)] BYTE *pIconData); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Type of Network Profile 
               
               
                   
                 GetType may return the type of network profile. 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetType ([out] NP_NETWORK_PROFILE_TYPE 
               
               
                   
                 *pProfileType); 
               
               
                   
                 Types of a network profile are may be as listed below. 
               
               
                   
                 typedef [v1_enum] enum tagNP_NETWORK_PROFILE_TYPE 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_PROFILE_MANAGED = 0x01, 
               
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_PROFILE_AUTHENTICATED = 0x02 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } NP_NETWORK_PROFILE_TYPE; 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Time Network Profile Created and Connected. 
     GetTimeCreated may return in FILETIME format the local date and time when the network profile was created and connected. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                  HRESULT   GetTimeCreatedAndConnected  ([out] DWORD 
               
               
                 *pdwLowDateTimeCreated, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 out] DWORD *pdwHighDateTimeCreated, 
               
               
                   
                 [out] DWORD *pdwLowDateTimeConnected, 
               
               
                   
                 [out] DWORD *pdwHighDateTimeConnected); 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     If the network profile has never been connected, the pdwLowDateTimeConnected and pdwHighDateTimeConnected may be zero. 
     State of the Network Profile GetProfileState may return the current state of the network profile. 
     HRESULT GetProfileState ([out] NP_NETWORK_PROFILE_STATE *fState); 
     A network profile may be in one of the following states. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 typedef [v1_enum] enum tagNP_NETWORK_PROFILE_STATE 
               
               
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_PROFILE_CONNECTED = 0x01, 
               
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_PROFILE_DISCONNECTED = 0x02 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 } NP_NETWORK_PROFILE_STATE; 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     NP_PROFILE_STATE_CONNECTED may mean that at least one of the NLA signatures in the network profile is active. 
     NP_PROFILE_STATE_DISCONNECTED may mean that none of the NLA signatures in the network profile is active. 
     List of Interfaces 
     GetInterfaces may return an array of interface guids of all the connected network signatures in the network profile. If the network profile is not connected i.e. none of its network signatures is connected, *pdwCount may be set to zero and *ppIntefaces may be set to NULL. The caller may be responsible for releasing memory of each element of the array as well as the array buffer pointed to by *ppInterface. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetInterfaces ([out] DWORD *pdwCount, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out, size_is( ,*pdwCount)] LPWSTR 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 *ppInterfaces); 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Network Signature Enumerator 
     EnumNetworkSignatures may return an NLA signature enumerator that enumerates signatures within the profile. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT 
                 EnumNetworkSignatures 
                 ([in] 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_ENUM_NETWORK_SIGNATURE flags, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out] IEnumNetworkSignature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 **ppEnum); 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The flags may indicate the type of enumerator to return. This may be one of the following values. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 typedef [v1_enum] enum tagNP_ENUM_NETWORK_SIGNATURE 
               
               
                 { 
               
               
                  NP_ENUM_NETWORK_SIGNATURE_CONNECTED = 0x01, 
               
               
                  NP_ENUM_NETWORK_SIGNATURE_DISCONNECTED = 0x02, 
               
               
                  NP_ENUM_NETWORK_SIGNATURE_ALL = 0x03 
               
               
                 } NP_ENUM_NETWORK_SIGNATURE; 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     NP_ENUM_NETWORK_SIGNATURE_CONNECTED may return an enumerator for connected or active NLA signatures. Once IEnumNetworkSignature interface is returned to the caller, the list of connected network signatures may be locked for that instance of the enumerator. If a network signature becomes disconnected during the enumeration, the network signature may not be dropped from the list of this instance of the enumerator. If a new network signature is created by the network profile service during the enumeration then, it may not be included in the enumeration. 
     NP_ENUM_NETWORK_SIGNATURE_DISCONNECTED may returns an enumerator for disconnected NLA signatures. Once IEnumNetworkSignature interface is returned to the caller, the list of disconnected network signatures may be locked for that instance of the enumerator. If a network signature becomes connected during the enumeration, the network signature may not be dropped from the list of this instance of the enumerator. If a new network signature is created by the network profile service during the enumeration then, it may not be included in the enumeration. 
     NP_ENUM_NETWORK_SIGNATURE_ALL may returns an enumerator for all NLA signatures. If a new network signature is created by the network profile service during the enumeration then, it may be included in the enumeration list. The caller may have to reset the point of enumeration if it is already at the end to get the newly created network signature. 
     In all types of enumeration, if a network signature is deleted, it may be removed from the enumerator&#39;s list. 
     INetworkSignature 
     INetworkSignature may represent an NLA signature. 
     Identifier of the Network Signature 
     GetId may return a unique identifier of a network signature. The caller may be responsible for releasing the memory pointed to by *ppszSignatureId by calling CoTaskMemFree. 
     HRESULT GetId [out] LPWSTR *ppszSignatureId); 
     Id of the Network Profile 
     GetNetworkProfileId may return the identifier of the network that contains the network signature. 
     HRESULT GetNetworkProfileId([out] GUID *pProfileId); 
     Description of the Network Signature 
     GetDescription may return a description string for the network signature. The caller may be responsible for releasing the memory pointed to by *ppszDescription by calling CoTaskMemFree, 
     HRESULT GetDescription ([out, string] LPWSTR *ppszDescription); 
     SetDescription may set a new description of the network signature. 
     HRESULT SetDescription ([in, string] LPWSTR pszDescription); 
     The description of a network profile may be MAX_SIGNATURE_DESC_LEN. The default description of a newly created network signature may be the DNS suffix of the network identified by the network signature. 
     Type of Network Signature 
     GetType may return the type of network signature. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                  HRESULT  GetType  ([out] NP_NETWORK_SIGNATURE —   
               
               
                 TYPE *pSignatureType); 
               
               
                  The types of a network signature may be as listed below. 
               
               
                  typedef[v1_enum] enum tagNP_NETWORK_SIGNATURE_TYPE 
               
               
                 { 
               
               
                   NP_NETWORK_SIGNATURE_MANAGED = 0x01, 
               
               
                   NP_NETWORK_SIGNATURE_AUTHENTICATED = 0x02 
               
               
                  } NP_NETWORK_SIGNATURE_TYPE; 
               
               
                  List of Interfaces 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     GetInterfaces may return an array of interface guids of a network signature. If the signature is not connected, the function may return NULL in *ppInterfaces and *pdwCount is set to zero. The caller may be responsible for releasing memory of each element of the array as well as the array buffer pointed to by *ppInterface. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetInterfaces ([out] DWORD *pdwCount, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out, size_is( ,*pdwCount)] LPWSTR 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 *ppInterfaces); 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Moving a Network Signature to another Network Profile 
     MoveTo may moves a network signature into another network profile specified by pProfile. 
     HRESULT MoveTo ([in] INetworkProfile *pProfile); 
     A network signature may not be moved out of or into a managed network profile. 
     NETWORK PROFILE SERVICE EVENT NOTIFICATION 
     The COM object with CLSID 
     CLSID_CNetworkProfileManager may implement a connection point for notifications of changes in network profiles and network signatures. Below may be a description of the sink interface for various notifications. The callback methods of the sink interface of a client may or may not receive all the events on the same thread. However, until the callback method has returned, the client may not receive another event. 
     INotifyNetworkProfileEvents 
     INotifyNetworkProfileEvents may be a sink interface that a client will implement to get network profile related events. 
     OnNetworkProfileAdded 
     OnNetworkProfleAdded method may be called when a new network profile is added. pProfile is a pointer to the new network profile interface. The client may be responsible for releasing pProfile interface. 
     HRESULT OnNetworkProfileAdded ([in] INetworkProfile *pProfile); 
     The return value from the method may be ignored. 
     OnNetworkProfileDeleted 
     An OnNetworkProfleDeleted method may be called when a network profile is deleted. pguidProfile may identify the network profile that has been deleted. 
     HRESULT OnNetworkProfileDeleted ([in] const GUID *pguidProfile); 
     The return value from the method may be ignored. 
     OnNetworkProfileConnected 
     A OnNetworkProfleConnected method may be called when a disconnected network profile is connected. pguidProfile may identify the network profile that has connected. 
     HRESULT OnNetworkProfileConnected ([in] const GUID *pguidProfile); 
     The return value from the method may be ignored. 
     OnNetworkProfileDisconnected 
     A OnNetworkProfleDisconnected method is called when a connected network profile may be disconnected. pguidProfile may identify the network profile that has disconnected. 
     HRESULT OnNetworkProfileDisconnected ([in] const GUID *pguidProfile); 
     The return value from the method may be ignored. 
     OnNetworkProfilePropertyChange 
     OnNetworkProflePropertyChange method may be called when one or more properties of the network profile change. pguidprofile may identify the network profile. 
     HRESULT OnNetworkProfilePropertyChange ([in] const GUID
         *pguidProfile);       

     The return value from the method may be ignored. 
     OnNetworkSignatureAdded 
     A OnNetworkSignatreAdded method may be called when a new network signature is added. pguidProfile may identify the network profile containing the network signature and pSignature may be the interface representing the network signature. The client may be responsible for releasing pSignature interface. 
     HRESULT OnNetworkSignatureAdded ([in] const GUID *pguidprofile,
         [in] INetworkSignature *pSignature);       

     A return value from the method may be ignored. 
     OnNetworkSignatureDeleted 
     A OnNetworkSignatreDeleted method may be called when a network signature is deleted. pguidProfile may identify the network profile containing the network signature and pszSignatureId may be the id of the network signature. 
     HRESULT OnNetworkSignatureDeleted ([in] const GUID *pguidprofile,
         [in] LPWSTR pszSignatureId);       

     A return value from the method may be ignored. 
     OnNetworkSignatureConnected 
     A OnNetworkSignatreConnected method may be called when a network signature is connected. pguidProfile identifies the network profile containing the network signature and pszSignatureId may be the id of the network signature. 
     HRESULT OnNetworkSignatureConnected ([in] const GUID *pguidprofile,
         [in] LPWSTR pszSignatureId);       

     A return value from the method may be ignored. 
     OnNetworkSignatureDisconnected 
     OnNetworkSignatreDisconnected method may be called when a network signature is disconnected. pguidProfile may identify the network profile containing the network signature and pszSignatureId may be the id of the network signature. 
     HRESULT OnNetworkSignatureDisconnected ([in] const GUID
         *pguidprofile,   [in] LPWSTR pszSignatureId);       

     A return value from the method may be ignored. 
     OnNetworkSignaturePropertyChange 
     A OnNetworkSignaturePropertyChange method may be called when one or more properties of a network signature change. pszSignatureId may identify the network signature. 
     HRESULT OnNetworkProfilePropertyChange ([in] const GUID
         *pguidProfile);       

     Other APIs may also be used. The functionality may be similar to the APIs previously discussed, with some changes to the specific calls. Some examples follow. 
     interface INetworkListManager: IUnknown 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 typedef [v1_enum] enum tagNP_ENUM_NETWORK 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_ENUM_NETWORK_CONNECTED = 0x01, 
               
               
                   
                 NP_ENUM_NETWORK_DISCONNECTED = 0x02, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_ENUM_NETWORK_ALL 
                 = 0x03 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } NP_ENUM_NETWORK; 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT EnumNetworks ([in] NP_ENUM_NETWORK flags, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out] IEnumNetwork **ppEnum); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT EnumNetworkInterfaces ([out] IEnumNetworkInterface  
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 **ppEnum); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetNetwork([in] const GUID *pNetworkId, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out] INetwork **ppNetwork); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetNetworkInterface ([in] DWORD dwBytes, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [in] const BYTE *pInterfaceId, 
               
               
                   
                 [out] INetworkInterface **ppInterface); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT 
                 GetBandwidthEstimation 
                 ([out] 
                 IBandwidthEstimation 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 **ppBandwidthEstimation); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                 interface IEnumNetwork: IUnknown 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT Next([in] ULONG celt, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out, size_is(celt), length_is(*pceltFetched)] INetwork **rgelt, 
               
               
                   
                 [out] ULONG *pceltFetched); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT Skip([in] ULONG celt); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT Reset( ); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT Clone([out] IEnumNetwork **ppenum); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                 interface INetwork: IUnknown 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetName ([out, string] LPWSTR *ppszNetworkName); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetDescription ([out, string] LPWSTR *ppszDescription); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT SetDescription ([in, string] const LPWSTR pszDescription); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetId ([out] GUID *pguidNetworkId); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT Rename ([in, string] const LPWSTR pszNetworkNewName); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetIcon ([out] DWORD *pdwBytes, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                  [out, size_is(, *pdwBytes)] BYTE **ppIconData); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT SetIcon ([in] DWORD dwBytes, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                  [in, size_is(dwBytes)] const BYTE *pIconData); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 typedef [v1_enum] enum tagNP_NETWORK_TYPE 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_MANAGED 
                 = 0x01, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATED = 0x02 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } NP_NETWORK_TYPE; 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetType ([out] NP_NETWORK_TYPE *pNetworkType); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT 
                 GetTimeCreatedAndConnected 
                 ([out] 
                 DWORD 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 *pdwLowDateTimeCreated, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out] DWORD *pdwHighDateTimeCreated, 
               
               
                   
                 [out] DWORD *pdwLowDateTimeConnected, 
               
               
                   
                 [out] DWORD *pdwHighDateTimeConnected); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 typedef [v1_enum] enum tagNP_NETWORK_STATE 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_CONNECTED 
                 = 0x01, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_DISCONNECTED 
                 = 0x02, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_V4_LOCAL = 0x4, 
               
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_V4_INTERNET = 0x8, 
               
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_V6_LOCAL = 0x10, 
               
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_V6_INTERNET = 0x20 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } NP_NETWORK_STATE; 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetState ([out] NP_NETWORK_STATE *pfState); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT 
                 EnumNetworkInterfaces 
                 ([out] 
                 IEnumNetworkInterface 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 **ppEnum); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                 interface IEnumNetworkInterface: IUnknown 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT Next([in] ULONG celt, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out, size_is(celt), length_is(*pceltFetched)] INetworkInterface **rgelt, 
               
               
                   
                 [out] ULONG *pceltFetched); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT Skip([in] ULONG celt); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT Reset( ); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT Clone([out] IEnumNetworkInterface **ppenum); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                 interface INetworkInterface: IUnknown 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetId ([out] DWORD *pdwBytes, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out, size_is( ,*pdwBytes)] BYTE **ppbInterfaceId); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetInterfaceGuid ([out] GUID *pInterfaceGuid); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetNetworkId ([out] GUID *pNetworkId); 
               
               
                   
                 typedef [v1_enum] enum tagNP_NETWORK_INTERFACE_TYPE 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_INTERFACE_MANAGED 
                 = 0x01, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_INTERFACE_AUTHENTICATED = 0x02 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } NP_NETWORK_INTERFACE_TYPE; 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT 
                 GetType 
                 ([out] 
                 NP_NETWORK_INTERFACE_TYPE 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 *pInterfaceType); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 typedef [v1_enum] enum tagNP_INTERFACE_STATE 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_INTERFACE_CONNECTED 
                  = 0x01, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_INTERFACE_DISCONNECTED 
                 = 0x02, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_INTERFACE_CONNECTIVITY_V4_LOCAL = 0x4, 
               
               
                   
                 NP_INTERFACE_CONNECTIVITY_V4_INTERNET = 0x8, 
               
               
                   
                 NP_INTERFACE_CONNECTIVITY_V6_LOCAL = 0x10, 
               
               
                   
                 NP_INTERFACE_CONNECTIVITY_V6_INTERNET = 0x20 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } NP_INTERFACE_STATE; 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT GetState ([out] NP_INTERFACE_STATE *pState); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                 cpp_quote(“#if 0”) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 typedef struct_SOCKADDR_STORAGE 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 BYTE sock_data[128]; 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } SOCKADDR_STORAGE, *PSOCKADDR_STORAGE; 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 cpp_quote (“#endif”) 
               
               
                   
                 typedef struct tagBANDWIDTH_PARAMS 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SOCKADDR_STORAGE SourceIP; 
               
               
                   
                 SOCKADDR_STORAGE DestinationIP; 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } BANDWIDTH_PARAMS, *PBANDWIDTH_PARAMS; 
               
               
                   
                 typedef struct tagBANDWIDTH_DATA 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SOCKADDR_STORAGE SourceIP; 
               
               
                   
                 SOCKADDR_STORAGE DestinationIP; 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 ULONG 
                 InboundBandwidthEstimate; 
               
               
                   
                 ULONG 
                 OutboundBandwidthEstimate; 
               
               
                   
                 ULONG 
                 InboundBandwidthInstability; 
               
               
                   
                 ULONG 
                 OutboundBandwidthInstability; 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 BOOL 
                 InboundBandwidthPeaked; 
               
               
                   
                 BOOL 
                 OutboundBandwidthPeaked; 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } BANDWIDTH_DATA, *PBANDWIDTH_DATA; 
               
               
                   
                 interface IBandwidthEstimation: IUnknown 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT Begin ([in] DWORD dwCount, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [in, 
                 size_is(dwCount)] 
                 const 
                 BANDWIDTH_PARAMS 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 *pBandwithParams); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT Get ([in] const GUID *pNetworkId, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [in] const GUID *pInterfaceGuid, 
               
               
                   
                 [out] DWORD *pdwCount, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [out, 
                  size_is( 
                 ,*pdwCount)] 
                  BANDWIDTH_DATA 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 **ppbBandwidthData); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT End( ); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                 interface INotifyNetworkEvents: IUnknown 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT OnNetworkAdded ([in] const GUID *pNetworkId); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT OnNetworkDeleted ([in] const GUID *pNetworkId); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT OnNetworkConnected ([in] const GUID *pNetworkId); 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT OnNetworkDisconnected ([in] const GUID *pNetworkId); 
               
               
                   
                 typedef [v1_enum] enum tagNP_NETWORK_PROPERTY_CHANGE 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_INTERFACE 
                 = 0x01, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_DESCRIPTION = 0x02, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_NAME 
                 = 0x04, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_ICON 
                 = 0x08, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION = 0x10, 
               
               
                   
                 NP_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY = 0x20 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } NP_NETWORK_PROPERTY_CHANGE; 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT OnNetworkPropertyChange ([in] const GUID *pNetworkId, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [in] NP_NETWORK_PROPERTY_CHANGE flags); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                 interface INotifyNetworkInterfaceEvents: IUnknown 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT OnNetworkInterfaceConnected ([in] const GUID *pNetworkId, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [in] DWORD dwBytes, 
               
               
                   
                 [in] const BYTE *pInterfaceId); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 HRESULT OnNetworkInterfaceDisconnected ([in] const GUID *pNetworkId, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [in] DWORD dwBytes, 
               
               
                   
                 [in] const BYTE *pInterfaceId); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 typedef [v1_enum] enum tagNP_INTERFACE_PROPERTY_CHANGE 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 NP_INTERFACE_CONNECTIVITY = 0x01 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } NP_INTERFACE_PROPERTY_CHANGE; 
               
               
                   
                 HRESULT OnInterfacePropertyChange ([in] const GUID *pNetworkId, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [in] DWORD dwBytes, 
               
               
                   
                 [in] const BYTE *pInterfaceId, 
               
               
                   
                 [in] NP_INTERFACE_PROPERTY_CHANGE flags); 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Event Reporting 
     The following table illustrates what kind of notification may be communicated to a client when an event occurs. Sometimes, a single event may trigger more than one type of notification. In such cases, the notifications may be reported in the order listed. The notifications may be sent to only those users who are affected by the event. Network Profile Service may take into account the compartment of the network signature associated with the event and notifies only those user sessions that belong this compartment. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Old State of 
                 New State of 
                   
               
               
                 Event 
                 Network Profile 
                 Network Profile 
                 Notification 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 New Network 
                 New Network 
                 Network Profile 
                 Network 
               
               
                 Signature 
                 Profile Created 
                 Connected 
                 Signature 
               
               
                 Connected 
                   
                   
                 Added. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Profile 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Added. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Signature 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Connected. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Profile 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Connected. 
               
               
                   
                 Merge into 
                 Network Profile 
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 Disconnected 
                 Connected 
                 Signature 
               
               
                   
                 Network Profile 
                   
                 Added. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Signature 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Connected. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Profile 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Connected. 
               
               
                   
                 Merge into 
                 Network Profile 
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 Connected 
                 Connected 
                 Signature 
               
               
                   
                 Network Profile 
                   
                 Added. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Signature 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Connected. 
               
               
                 Existing 
                 Network Profile 
                 Network Profile 
                 Network 
               
               
                 Network 
                 Disconnected 
                 Connected 
                 Signature 
               
               
                 Signature 
                   
                   
                 Connected. 
               
               
                 Connected 
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Profile 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Connected. 
               
               
                   
                 Network Profile 
                 Network Profile 
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 Connected 
                 Connected 
                 Signature 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Connected. 
               
               
                 Network 
                 Network Profile 
                 Network Profile 
                 Network 
               
               
                 Signature 
                 Connected 
                 Connected 
                 Signature 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Disconnected. 
               
               
                   
                 Network Profile 
                 Network Profile 
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 Connected 
                 Disconnected 
                 Signature 
               
               
                 Disconnected 
                   
                   
                 Disconnected. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Profile 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Disconnected. 
               
               
                 Icon, Name or 
                 X 
                 X 
                 Network 
               
               
                 Description of 
                   
                   
                 Profile 
               
               
                 Network 
                   
                   
                 Property 
               
               
                 Profile 
                   
                   
                 Changed 
               
               
                 Changes 
               
               
                 Description of 
                 X 
                 X 
                 Network 
               
               
                 Network 
                   
                   
                 Signature 
               
               
                 Signature 
                   
                   
                 Property 
               
               
                 Changed 
                   
                   
                 Changed. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The method may also provide a user interface for users of the method. 
     Status Tab 
     The status tab may be the first and default tab for the network profile property pages. This tab may have two sections in order from top to bottom:
         Icon and name   Status       

     Icon and Name 
     At the top left corner of the status tab, the network profile&#39;s small (32×32 pixels for example) icon may be shown. To the right of this icon may be a text box populated with the friendly name for the network profile. The user may change the name of the network profile in place. 
     Directly below the network profile name may be a button labeled “Change icon . . . ” Clicking this button may open a “Change icon . . . ” dialog on top of the property page for selecting an icon for the network profile. This dialog may include a list box of available icons. By default, the network profile&#39;s current icon may be selected. The user may select another icon from the list or click a “Browse . . . ” button. Clicking this button may open the standard File Open dialog filtered to show only Images. If the user selects an icon in the File Open dialog, this icon may be added to the list in the “Change icon . . . ” dialog and selected. 
     Finally, this dialog may include two more buttons:
         “Ok”—Clicking this button may change the network profile&#39;s icon to the icon currently selected in the dialog&#39;s list and close the “Change icon . . . ” dialog.   “Cancel”—Clicking this button may close the “Change icon . . . ” dialog without changing the network profile&#39;s icon.       

     Status 
     Immediately below the icon and name section on the status tab, the current status of the network profile may be communicated. The status section may indicate that the network profile is in one of two possible states: disconnected or connected. If the network profile is unavailable, then a line reading “Status: Disconnected” may be added to the property page. If the network profile is connected, then a line reading “Status: Connected” may be added to the property page. 
     Additionally, a list of the network connections currently connected to the network profile may be enumerated in a listbox. Double clicking an item in the list may open the status page for the network connection on top of the network profile&#39;s property page. To the right of the listbox, there may be two buttons:
         “Status”—Clicking this button may open the status page for the network connection on top of the network profile&#39;s property page.   “Properties”—Clicking this button may open the property page for the network connection on top of the network profile&#39;s property page.       

     Signatures Tab 
     This may be the second of two tabs on the network profiles property page. The tab may enumerate the signatures currently associated with the network profile and to allow the user to add, delete and move signatures. The primary element on this tab may be a list of the signatures associated with the network profile contained within a listbox. 
     All signatures for a managed network may be collapsed into a single signature in the listbox. Each unmanaged signature may be enumerated individually in the listbox. 
     Below the signatures listbox, there may be three buttons:
         “Add . . . ”—Clicking this button may open an “Add signature . . . ” dialog on top of the network profile&#39;s property page. This dialog may contain a listbox that enumerates all of signatures not already associated with the selected network profile. (They are associated with the other network profiles.) At the bottom of the dialog, there may two buttons: “Add” and “Cancel.” By default, no items may be selected in the list and the “Add” button may be grayed out. Once the user selects one or more signatures in the listbox, then the “Add” button may be made active. If “Add” is clicked, the selected signatures may be added to the specified network profile and the “Add signature . . . ” dialog is closed. If “Cancel” is clicked, no changes may be made to the network profile and the “Add signature . . . ” dialog is closed.   “Move . . . ”—This button may be grayed out until one or more signatures are selected in the listbox. Clicking this button may open a “Move signature . . . ”dialog on top of the network profile&#39;s property page. This dialog may contain a listbox that enumerates all other network profiles. By default, no items are selected in the list, and only one network profile may be selected at a time. At the bottom of this dialog, there may be three buttons:
           “New . . . ”—This button may be located in the bottom left of the dialog. Clicking this button may open a “New network profile . . . ” dialog. This dialog may simply contain a textbox for entering the friendly name for a new network profile. At the bottom of this dialog, there may be two buttons: “Ok” and “Cancel.” Clicking “Ok” may close the dialog and may add the new network profile (selected by default) to the list of network profiles in the “Move signature . . . ” dialog. Clicking “Cancel” may simply close the dialog without making any changes to the “Move signature . . . ” dialog.   “Move”—This button may be grayed out until a network profile in the listbox is selected. Clicking this button may move the selected signatures to the selected network profile and close the “Move signature . . . ” dialog.   “Cancel”—Clicking this button may close the “Move signature . . . ” dialog without making any changes.   
           “Delete”—This button may be grayed out until one or more signatures are selected in the listbox. Clicking this button may delete the selected signatures.       

     There may be several ways to access or enter the method such as through the Network Profiles Folder, the Network Status and Options Page and the Networking Tray Icon Flyout. 
     Network Profiles Folder 
       FIG. 6  may be an illustration of a sample Network Connection Folder in accordance with the method. The Network Profiles Folder may be the central place for managing network profiles. It may be implemented as a Shell Folder and as such, will have six major components: Breadcrumb Bar  605 ; Wordwheel  610 ; Taskbar  615 ; Pagespace  620 ; Listview View  625 ; and Preview Pane  630 . 
     Breadcrumb Bar 
     The Breadcrumb Bar  605  in the Network Profiles Folder may display the Namespace of what is currently being displayed in the Listview View. 
     Wordwheel 
     The Wordwheel  610  may exhibit its standard behavior in the Network Profiles Folder. When a user types in the Wordwheel, the list currently being displayed in the Network Profiles Folder may be dynamically filtered to contain only those items that match what has been typed. 
     Taskbar 
     The tasks shown in the Taskbar  615  may be the same regardless of whether a network profile is connected or disconnected. These tasks (in order) may be:
         View Status and Properties—Clicking this button may open the property page(s) for the selected network profile(s).   Delete—Clicking this button may delete the selected network profile(s).       

     Pagespace 
     The pagespace  620  may display the following:
         Network Status and Options—This link may open the Network Status and Options page in frame;   Computers and Network Devices—This link may open the Network Explorer in frame;   Network Map—This link may open the Network Map in frame;   Saved Networks—This may be the current view of the Network Profiles Folder; and   Connections—This link may open the Network Connections Folder in frame.       

     Listview View 
     The Listview  625  may be the largest component of the Network Profiles Folder. It may contains the list of all network profiles that the current user session has permission to access. 
       FIG. 7  may be an illustration of a grouping of network icons. Extended tiles will be the default view in the Listview View. 
     Arrange Icons-By/Grouping 
     By default, the items in a list in the Network Profiles Folder may not be grouped, but may simply be listed in alphabetical order. A user, however, may group network profiles in the Network Profiles Folder by the following groupings:
         Name  700 —This may be the friendly name for the network profile;   Status  710 —This may be one of two possible states: disconnected or connected;   Last Connected  720 —This may be the timestamp for when the system was last connected to the network profile; and   Type  730 —This may be one of two possible values: managed or unmanaged.       

     Single-clicking may select an item, and the preview pane updates to show metadata for the selected item. Double-clicking may select an item, and the preview pane updates to show metadata for the selected item. Additionally, the property page for the selected network profile may be opened in front of the Network Profiles Folder. Right-clicking may select an item, and the preview pane may update to show metadata for the selected item. 
     Additionally, a context menu with the following options may be shown:
         Status (in bold)—Clicking this option may open the property page for the selected network profile in front on the Network Profiles Folder.   Create Shortcut—This may be standard Shell behavior for creating a shortcut to the item on the desktop.   Delete—Clicking this option may delete the selected network profile.   Rename—Clicking this option may allow the user to edit the name of the network profile in place.   Properties—Clicking this option may open the property page for the selected network profile in front on the Network Profiles Folder.       

     Hover on an Item 
     Hovering over an item may show a tooltip with the following information (with a line break between each):
         Status   Type   Last Connected       

     Right-Click on Background 
     Right-clicking on the background may deselects all items. 
     Additionally, a context menu with the following options may be shown (These may be standard Shell options):
         View—This may be the standard Shell option that expands to a secondary context menu that allows the user to select in which view he/she would like to see the items in the list view (thumbnails, tiles, icons, details, etc.)   Arrange Icons By
           Name   Status   Type   Last Connected   Show in Groups—This option can be checked/unchecked.   
           Refresh—Clicking this option may cause the Network Profiles Folder to re-query the Network Profiles Service and regenerate the list shown in the listview.       

     Preview Pane 
     When no item is selected in the Network Profile Folder&#39;s Listview view  625  ( FIG. 6 ), the preview pane  630  may contain a generic network profiles icon and the number of items in the current list. When an item is selected in the Network Profile Folder&#39;s Listview view  625 , the preview pane  630  may contain the following details about the item:
         Item&#39;s Icon   Friendly Name   Status   Type   Last Connected       

     Network Status and Options Page 
     The Network Status and Options Page may be the central place for viewing the status of the user session&#39;s overall network connectivity, launching relevant tasks and linking to the various components for managing network configuration. It may be implemented as a Shell Folder and as such, will have some major components including a breadcrumb bar, a taskbar, a pagespace, a DUI View and a Preview Pane. The Breadcrumb Bar may display the Namespace of what is currently being displayed in the DUI View. The Taskbar on the Network Status and Options Page may always include the following tasks:
         New Connection—Clicking this button may launch the Get Connected Wizard on top of the Network Status and Options Page.   Castle—Clicking this button may launch the Home Networking Wizard on top of the Network Status and Options Page. This option may not be available if the computer is joined to a domain.   Add a Network Device—Clicking this button may launch the Add a Network Device Wizard on top of the Network Status and Options Page.   Diagnostics—Clicking this button may launch the network diagnostics troubleshooter on top of the Network Status and Options Page.       

     The pagespace may include several options:
         A Network Status and Options—This may be the current view.   Computers and Network Devices—This link may open the Network Explorer in frame.   Network Map—This-link may open the Network Map in frame.   Saved Networks—This link may open the Network Profiles Folder.   Connections—This link may open the Network Connections Folder in frame.       

     The largest component of a Shell folder is typically the Listview View. As is the case with the Network Map, this view may be replaced with a DUI view in the Network Status and Options Page. A DUI View may be used in the Network Status and Options Page in order to display the Network Mini-Map. 
     The Network Status and Options Page may be composed of three sections:
         Network Mini-Map—The Network Status and Options Page may simply host the Network Mini-Map provided by the NCSI code.   Network Profiles Status—This section may be located immediately below the Network Mini-Map and may include the same information as the flyout for the networking tray icon. Specifically, this information may be a list of all the currently connected network profiles and the list of connection s currently connecting the user session to each connected network profile. Clicking on a network profile may open the property pages for the selected network profile on top of the Network Status and Options Page.   Relevant Tasks—Another benefit of using a DUI View is that tasks may be shown inline. Based upon the state reported by the NCSI code and communicated through the Network Mini-Map, a set of high-level, state-specific task may be enumerated immediately below the list of connected network profiles. Clicking on one of these tasks may launch the logic and experience associated with the selected task.       

     Although the forgoing text sets forth a detailed description of numerous different embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the patent is defined by the words of the claims set forth at the end of this patent. The detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment because describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. Numerous alternative embodiments could be implemented, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims. 
     Thus, many modifications and variations may be made in the techniques and structures described and illustrated herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present claims. Accordingly, it should be understood that the methods and apparatus described herein are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the claims.