Patent Publication Number: US-2022235925-A1

Title: Led lighting methods and apparatus

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent Ser. No. 17/235,370, filed on Apr. 20, 2021, which was issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,280,483,_which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/132,005 filed on Dec. 23, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/780,060, filed on Feb. 3, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/452,225, filed on Jun. 25, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/001,207, filed on Jan. 19, 2016, which claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/267,899 filed on Dec. 15, 2015, Ser. No. 62/269,751 filed on Dec. 18, 2015, Ser. No. 62/270,517 filed on Dec. 21, 2015, and Ser. No. 62/280,114 filed on Jan. 18, 2016 each of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application also is a nonprovisional of Provision Application No. 63/177,160 filed on Apr. 20, 2021. All of the foregoing applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present application relates to LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting methods and apparatus, and, more particularly, with regard to LED lighting methods and apparatus which are well suited for exterior lighting applications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Exterior lighting often involves illuminating different areas of an outdoor environment with different amounts of light, with lights of different colors and/or with lights that have beams of different widths. Often spotlights are used to illuminate particular features or elements of the outdoor environment. 
     To support a wide range of lighting applications lighting installers currently carry or use a wide variety of different types of lights. Even for a given type of light to support different angles, amounts of light output and/or different colors, an installer may need to disassemble one or more light fixtures in a way that may compromise the integrity of the fixtures and replace one or more components such as lamps or color filters, to configure a fixture as desired. Such field operations can result in dirt or water being introduced into the fixture affecting bulb life or the overall reliability of the fixture as exposure of electrical elements to water and dirt may result in rapid corrosion. 
     In view of the above it should be appreciated that there is a need for methods and/or apparatus which can support a wide variety of lighting configurations. It would be desirable if the supported lighting configurations included one or more of different beam angles, amount of light output, color of light output and/or direction of light output. Furthermore it would be desirable if changes in one or more of these characteristics could be made by an installer in the field without compromising the water tight integrity of a light fixture and/or without the need for specialized or expensive tools. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  is a drawing illustrating various features of an exemplary embodiment of a LED landscape spotlight. 
         FIG. 2  is a drawing of a side view of the LED landscape spotlight of  FIG. 1  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight. 
         FIG. 3  is a drawing of a front view of the LED landscape spotlight of  FIG. 1  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight. 
         FIG. 4  is a drawing of a bottom view of the LED landscape spotlight of  FIG. 1  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight. 
         FIG. 5  is a drawing illustrating an exploded view of the exemplary LED landscape spotlight of  FIG. 1  showing various features and components of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight. 
         FIG. 6A  is a drawing illustrating an exploded view of the upper assembly of the exemplary LED landscape spotlight of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 6B  is a drawing illustrating an exploded view of the lower assembly of an exemplary LED landscape lighting fixture. 
         FIG. 6C  is a drawing illustrating another exemplary embodiment of a driver housing for a LED landscape lighting fixture. 
         FIG. 6D  is a drawing illustrating another exemplary embodiment of a driver housing for a LED landscape lighting fixture. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates various features of an exemplary embodiment of a LED landscape spotlight beam changing mechanism. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates additional features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight beam changing mechanism shown in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 9  illustrates additional features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight beam changing mechanism shown in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 10A  illustrates features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight beam changing mechanism shown in  FIGS. 7, 8 and 9  configured to provide a light beam angle output of 10 degrees. 
         FIG. 10B  illustrates features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight beam changing mechanism shown in  FIGS. 7, 8 and 9  configured to provide a light beam angle output of 60 degrees. 
         FIG. 11A  illustrates features of another exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight beam changing mechanism configured to provide a light beam output of 10 degrees. 
         FIG. 11B  illustrates features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight beam changing mechanism shown in  FIG. 11A  configured to provide a light beam angle output of 60 degrees. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates various features of an exemplary embodiment of a LED landscape flood light. 
         FIG. 13  is a drawing of a side view of the LED landscape flood light of  FIG. 12  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape flood light. 
         FIG. 14  is a drawing of a front view of the LED landscape flood light of  FIG. 12  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape flood light. 
         FIG. 15  is a drawing of a bottom view of the LED landscape flood light of  FIG. 12  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape flood light. 
         FIG. 16  is a drawing illustrating an exploded view of the exemplary LED landscape flood light of  FIG. 12  showing various features and components of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape flood light. 
         FIG. 17  is a drawing illustrating an exploded view of the upper assembly of the exemplary LED landscape flood light of  FIG. 12 . 
         FIG. 18  is a drawing illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a landscape flood light with an asymmetric reflector. 
         FIG. 19  is a drawing illustrating an asymmetrical light distribution plot chart for the exemplary flood light with an asymmetric reflector of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 20  is a drawing illustrating various features of an exemplary embodiment of a LED landscape inground light fixture. 
         FIG. 21  is a drawing of a top view of the LED landscape inground light fixture of  FIG. 20  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light fixture. 
         FIG. 22  is a drawing of a side view of the LED landscape inground light fixture of  FIG. 20  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light fixture. 
         FIG. 23  is a drawing illustrating an exploded view of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light fixture of  FIG. 20  showing various features and components of the LED landscape inground light fixture. 
         FIG. 24  illustrates various features of an exemplary embodiment of an LED landscape inground light beam changing mechanism. 
         FIG. 25A  illustrates features of an exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light fixture beam changing mechanism configured to provide a light beam angle output of 15 degrees. 
         FIG. 25B  illustrates features of an exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light fixture beam changing mechanism configured to provide a light beam angle output of 30 degrees. 
         FIG. 25C  illustrates features of an exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light fixture beam changing mechanism configured to provide a light beam angle output of 45 degrees. 
         FIG. 25D  illustrates features of an exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light fixture beam changing mechanism configured to provide a light beam angle output of 60 degrees. 
         FIG. 26A  illustrates features of another exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light fixture beam changing mechanism configured to provide a light beam angle output of 15 degrees. 
         FIG. 26B  illustrates features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light fixture beam changing mechanism of  FIG. 26A  configured to provide a light beam angle output of 30 degrees. 
         FIG. 26C  illustrates features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light fixture beam changing mechanism of  FIGS. 26A and 26B  configured to provide a light beam angle output of 40 degrees. 
         FIG. 26D  illustrates features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light fixture beam changing mechanism of  FIGS. 26A, 26B, and 26C  configured to provide a light beam angle output of 60 degrees. 
         FIG. 27  illustrates various features of an exemplary embodiment of a LED landscape inground light fixture light beam aiming mechanism including a tilting structure. 
         FIG. 28  is a drawing illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a LED landscape inground light fixture including a pressure equalizer diaphragm. 
         FIG. 29  is a drawing illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a landscape inground light fixture with a concrete pour canister. 
         FIG. 30  is a drawing illustrating a circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an adjustable dimmable LED light fixture circuit. 
         FIG. 30A  is a drawing illustrating portions of the LED circuit of  FIG. 30 . 
         FIG. 30B  is a drawing illustrating portions shown in  FIG. 30A  overlayed on the LED circuit of  FIG. 30  so as it identifies elements included in each of the portions for one exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 30C  is a drawing which illustrates the two sources of feedback which are used to control the current regulator of the LED circuit. 
         FIG. 30D  is a drawing which illustrates that exemplary the LED circuit includes a control circuit configured to control a LED light source. 
         FIG. 30E  illustrates a Table 1 including exemplary components used in the exemplary LED circuit shown in  FIG. 30 . 
         FIG. 30F  illustrates a Table 2 including exemplary components for another exemplary embodiment, which is a variation of the LED circuit of  FIG. 30 . 
         FIG. 30G  is a drawing illustrating an exemplary LED circuit, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, which may use the components listed in Table 2 of  FIG. 30F . 
         FIG. 31  illustrates a functional block diagram of the exemplary IC XL6006 shown in the circuit diagram shown in  FIG. 30 . 
         FIG. 32  illustrates a cross sectional view and various features of an exemplary embodiment of an LED landscape inground light fixture. 
         FIG. 33  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an LED landscape spotlight. 
         FIG. 34  illustrates various features of an exemplary LED landscape inground light fixture pressure equalizer screw in vent. 
         FIG. 35  illustrates an exemplary dimming control knob with and without a dimming control knob sealing gasket. 
         FIG. 36  illustrates features and portions of an exemplary embodiment of a lower or base assembly of an exemplary LED landscape lighting fixture. 
         FIG. 37  illustrates features and portions of an exemplary driver housing of a base assembly of an exemplary LED landscape lighting fixture. 
         FIG. 38  illustrates features and portions of an exemplary driver housing and a sealing gasket of a base assembly of an exemplary LED landscape lighting fixture. 
         FIG. 39  illustrates features and portion of an exemplary tilting mechanism for spotlight and flood light landscape lighting fixtures. 
         FIG. 40  shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with the principles of the invention. 
         FIG. 41  is a view taken along lines  41 - 41  (shown in  FIG. 40 ). 
         FIG. 42  shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with the principles of the invention. 
         FIG. 43  shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with the principles of the invention. 
         FIG. 44  is a view taken along lines  44 - 44  (shown in  FIG. 40 ). 
         FIG. 45  is a view taken along lines  45 - 45  (shown in  FIG. 40 ). 
         FIG. 46  is a view taken along lines  46 - 46  (shown in  FIG. 40 ). 
         FIG. 47  shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with the principles of the invention. 
         FIG. 48  shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with the principles of the invention. 
         FIG. 49  is a view taken along lines  49 - 49  (shown in  FIG. 48 ). 
         FIG. 50  is a view taken along lines  50 - 50  (shown in  FIG. 40 ). 
         FIG. 51  is a view taken along lines  51 - 51  (shown in  FIG. 40 ). 
         FIG. 52  is a view taken along lines  52 - 52  (shown in  FIG. 41 ). 
         FIG. 53  shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with the principles of the invention. 
         FIG. 54  shows illustrative steps of a process in accordance with the principles of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  is a drawing illustrating various features of an exemplary embodiment of a LED landscape spotlight light assembly  100 . The details of various features and components of the LED landscape spotlight light assembly  100  is shown in further detail in  FIG. 5 . As can be seen in  FIG. 1 , the top portion of the LED lighting assembly  100  includes a main fixture housing  532 , a beam angle changing dial  510 , and a shroud  504 . The light shroud  504  is slid or screwed onto the beam angle changing dial  510  and secured in place with a screw  502  with a large head allowing for easy removal and changing of the shroud  504  by hand. 
     The adjustable beam angle control dial  510  allows for changing the beam angle of the light output of the fixture by hand without breaking one or more water tight seals which protect some of the electronics and optics of the light fixture as will be discussed below. The beam angle control dial  510  is shown with indicator markings corresponding to different angle beam positions. Alignment of the pointer on the body of the main body portion  532  of the light assembly  100  with an angle position marker on the beam angle control dial  510  indicates the angle setting at a given point in time. Angle position indicator markings may be in the form of a line or lines, a printed mark indicating a specific angle such as 10 degrees, 25 degrees, 40 degrees, 60 degrees or some other user selectable angle position. By rotating the beam angle change control dial  510  a user can change the lens angle to which the light assembly is set. The support base includes an electrical driver enclosure  540  with a light output control with corresponding wattage indicators. The electrical driver enclosure  540  is water tight and protects the components housed in the enclosure  540  from both dirt and water. A locking nut  564  can be used to secure the fixture to an electrical box after the threaded portion of the enclosure  540  is extended through a hole of the electrical box being used to mount the light fixture  100 . Alternatively, rather than use retaining nut  564 , the light fixture  100  can be screwed into a threaded hole of a light box such as is commonly available on many waterproof exterior electrical boxes intended to mount light fixtures outdoors. 
     Diagram  200  of  FIG. 2  is a drawing of a side view of the LED landscape spotlight light assembly  100  of  FIG. 1  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight. Diagram  200  illustrates that in the exemplary embodiment the fixture is 5⅞ inches high measured from the fixture securing nut to the top of the shroud and 6⅝ inches in length. 
     Diagram  300  of  FIG. 3  is a drawing of a front view of the LED landscape spotlight light assembly  100  of  FIG. 1 . In the exemplary embodiment from the fixture securing nut to the thumbscrew used to attach external glare control accessories to the main body measures 3 inches. 
     Diagram  400   FIG. 4  is a drawing of a bottom view of the LED landscape spotlight light assembly  100  of  FIG. 1 . The size of the shroud is shown as 2⅞ inches wide. 
     While various dimensions are shown in the Figures, these dimensions are only exemplary in nature. For the figures are not drawn to scale as emphasis is placed on explaining the invention and the invention is applicable to fixtures and parts of differing dimensions. 
     Diagram  500   FIG. 5  is a drawing illustrating an exploded view of the exemplary LED landscape spotlight light assembly  100  of  FIG. 1  showing the details of various features and components of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape spotlight. 
     Elements or steps in different figures bearing the same reference numbers are the same or similar and will only be described in detail once. 
     Features and components of the exemplary LED landscape spotlight light assembly  100  as shown in diagram  500  of  FIG. 5  will now be described. The LED landscape spotlight fixture  100  includes structures for on-board light beam angle control, beam direction control, and control of wattage adjustments without the need to disassembly the light fixture. In some embodiments, a user can adjust the light beam angle from 10 to 60 degrees changing the light beam angle from a spot position to a flood position. In other embodiments other ranges of beam angle changes are possible. In some embodiments, a user can adjust the wattage from 2 to 16 with an operating range of 9-15 volts AC or DC with these ranges being exemplary and not limiting. The LED landscape spotlight includes seals, e.g., gaskets (flat or custom shaped to match the objects), o rings and/or other flexible shaped seals. One or more of the seals may be, and in some embodiments are made of silicone material with the seal or seals protecting the light fixture from the intrusion of water and dirt thereby providing a water proof or water resistant fixture which is also resistant to dirt. The use of LEDs as the light source provides a cost and energy savings over the use of other light sources such as incandescent bulbs and provides multiple lumen output ranges comparable to 10 W-75 W MR 16 halogen lights. 
     An LED landscape spotlight, implemented in accordance with one or more features, may and in some embodiments is used to provide accent lighting. The accent lighting in such a case may be and often is directional lighting that draws attention to a displayed object such as for example a statue or tree, or surface, or to highlight, dramatize, and focus attention on a defined space such as a garden or position on a monument or stage. 
     In at least one exemplary embodiment the LED landscape spotlight light fixture includes an upper LED light assembly  533  and a lower LED light assembly  565  also referred to as a LED light base assembly  565 . 
     The exemplary upper LED light assembly  533  shown in  FIG. 5  includes: a shroud  504 , a thumbscrew  502 , accessory lens  506 , transparent seal  508 , e.g., sealing glass  508 , a beam angle control dial  510 , a movable holder assembly  513  (which includes a main holder body  512  and an element holder  516 ), a beam angle changing lens  514 , a lower holder guide  518 , a LED (light emitting diode) protection layer locking nut  520 , a seal  522 , e.g., gasket, LED protection layer glass  524 , a LED holder  526 , a light source  528  which in this exemplary embodiment is a LED, a seal  530 , e.g., gasket, and a fixture main body  532  also sometimes referred to as main body fixture  532 . 
     Box  566  illustrates several exemplary optional accessories for the spotlight fixture including snoot accessory  568 , cross louver accessory  570  and long shroud assembly  572  which may be used in place of or in combination with the shroud  504 . One or more of the accessories may be, and in some embodiments are, used with spotlight fixture  100 . Other external accessories such as shades, hoods, grills may, and in some embodiments are, used with the light fixture and can be replaced without affecting the water tight seal of the fixture. 
     These optional accessories for the spotlight fixture including snoot accessory  568 , cross louver accessory  570  and long shroud accessory  572  provide glare control and shape the light emanating from the lighting fixture. The snoot accessory  568  is a tube that provides glare control and shapes the light leaving the fixture. It is used for example to control the direction and radius of the light beam. Snoot accessories may be, and in some embodiments are, conical, cylindrical, or rectangular in shape. A louver is a structure including a series of baffles used to shield a source from view at certain angles, to absorb, block, reflect or redirect light. The cross louver accessory  570  includes a cross blade or grid in the louver structure. One or more of the accessories may be, and in some embodiments are, used with spotlight fixture  100 . The long shroud assembly  572  is a shroud which may be a shade which is longer in length it also provides glare control and shapes and directs the light beam emanating from the light fixture. In some embodiments, one or more of these accessories may replace the shroud  504 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more of these accessories may replace the shroud  504 . An enlarged view of the upper LED light assembly  533  is shown in  FIG. 6A  with the accessory being secured using screw  502 . 
     The elements and components of the upper LED light assembly  533  will now be discussed in additional detail in connection with  FIGS. 6A, 7, 8, and 9 . The shroud  504  of the upper LED light assembly  533  in some embodiments is made of cast aluminum. The shroud  504  is used for glare control. It can be rotated 360 degrees around the fixture main body  532  and is secured, after rotation to the desired position, to the fixture main body  532  with thumb screw  502 . The thumbscrew  502  in some embodiments is made of stainless steel and is used to secure external control accessories such as for example glare control accessories including the shroud  504  to the fixture main body  532  and may extend through a hole or slot in the accessory and presses against the fixture main body  532  forming a friction fit and in some embodiments the tip of the screw seats in a groove which extends around the side of the top portion of the fixture main body  532  allowing the accessory to be rotated around the fixture main body  532  to a user desired position and then locked in placed by tightening the thumb screw  502 . 
     Optional glare and light shaping accessories including the snoot accessory  568 , cross louver accessory  570  and long shroud accessory  572  can be secured to the fixture main body  532  using thumb screw  502 . The optional snoot accessory  568  in some embodiments is made of brass. In some embodiments, the optional snoot accessory  568  is made of aluminum. The snoot accessory  568  is a glare control accessory which may be, and in some embodiments is, used in place of the shroud accessory  504 . The cross louver accessory  570  is another optional accessory that may and in some embodiments is used in place of the shroud  504 . In some embodiments the cross louver accessory is made of brass. In some embodiments the cross louver accessory is made of aluminum. The cross louver accessory also provides glare control. The long shroud  570  accessory is also an optional accessory that may be, and in some embodiments is, used in place of the shroud  504 . The long shroud  570  is similar in shape to the shroud assembly but is longer than shroud  504 . In some embodiments shroud  570  is made of aluminum while in some embodiments it is made of brass or plastic. The shroud  570  can be and sometimes is used to provide glare control. 
     The accessory lens  506  is used to control or select the spectrum of the light emitted from the light fixture. In some embodiment the accessory lens  506  is made of colored glass. In some other embodiments, the accessory lens  506  is made of plastic. The accessory lens  506  in some embodiments acts as a color filter allowing light of the desired color to pass out of the light but block light of other colors by filtering out the undesired colors. The sealing glass  508  in some embodiments is tempered glass. The sealing glass  508  seals and protects the light fixture from environmental conditions such as the entry of water and/or dirt that may damage the internal components of the upper light assembly  533  such as for example the beam changing lens  514  and light source  528 . In some embodiments, translucent plastic is used in place of the tempered glass. 
     The sealing glass  508  can remain in place while accessories such as shroud  504  and color control lens  506  may be changed. 
     The beam angle changing dial  510 , also sometimes referred to a beam angle control dial, is made of cast aluminum but other materials such as plastic may be used. The beam angle changing dial  510  in some embodiments has markings indicating a beam angle width selected by the user and which will be output from the light fixture. The beam angle changing dial  510  changes the beam angle when it is rotated clockwise and counter clockwise as will be explained in greater detail below. Movable holder assembly  513  in the exemplary embodiment of upper light assembly  533  includes main holder body  512  and element holder  516 . In some embodiments, the main holder body  512  is made of polycarbonate. The main holder body  512  is inside the beam angle changing dial  510  and contacts tabs on the beam angle changing dial  510  which cause the main holder body  512  to rotate in response to rotation of the beam angle changing dial  510 . In some embodiments, the element holder  516  is made of polycarbonate. 
     The element holder  516  is shown in this exemplary embodiment as holding the beam angle changing lens  514 . The element holder  516  includes guide pins  904  and  922  shown in greater detail in  FIG. 8 . As will be discussed below, the element holder  516  can rotate in response to the turning of the beam angle changing dial  510  and holder  512  and move up and down in slots of the lower holder guide  518  as the rotation occurs causing the element holder  516  to move in or out with respect to the bottom of the fixture main body  532 . As arrows  765  in  FIG. 7  show rotation of the beam angle changing dial  510  in a counter clockwise direction results in the beam angle changing lens moving down into the housing toward the LED light source. Rotation of the beam angle changing dial  510  in a clockwise results in the beam angle changing lens moving up and away from the LED light source. In some embodiments as will be explained in greater detail below the element holder  516  holds the LED light source instead of the beam angle changing lens  514 . 
     The lower holder guide  518  is in some embodiments made of polycarbonate. The lower holder guide  518  in some embodiments houses the beam angle main holder body  512  and beam angle changing lens  514 . The lower holder guide  518  includes one or more slotted angled grooves  909  in which the pins  904  and  922  of the element holder  516  slide as the element moves in and out as it rides in the diagonal slots  908  of the lower holder guide  518  and rotates with the rotation of the main holder body  512 . Thus as the pins  904  and  922  of the element holder  516  slide up and down in the straight top to bottom slots  803  and  905  of the main holder body  512  they will also slide along the diagonal slots  908  of the lower holder guide  518 . The combination of the diagonal slots  908  of the lower holder body  518  in combination with the straight slots  803  and  905  of the main holder body  512  guide and drive the element holder  516  as the beam angle changing dial  510  is rotated. 
     Having discussed the moveable holder assembly  513 , the discussion will now turn to the sealing and protection of the LED light source  528  in the main fixture body  532  so that the light source is protected while still allowing the beam angle to be changed via rotation of the beam changing dial  510 . 
     The LED (light emitting diode) protection layer locking nut  520  in some embodiments is made of cast aluminum. The LED protection layer locking nut  520  secures the LED protection layer  524  and seal  530  in place. The seal  530  is in some embodiments made of a silicone material, e.g., silicone sealant or another gasket material such as rubber. The LED protection layer  524  is in some embodiments made of glass. The LED protection element  524  is translucent and protects the LED light source  528  from moisture and possible moisture build up in the cavity of the main body fixture  532 . 
     In some embodiments such as the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 6A , the LED holder  526  is made of plastic and is secured to the fixture main body  532 . In some embodiments, the LED holder  526  is secured to the fixture main body using snaps, screws and/or glue. In some embodiments, the LED holder  526  is secured to the fixture main body using a fastener such as for example one or more screws. 
     As previously explained in some other embodiments than the one shown in  FIG. 6A , the element holder  516  holds the LED light source  528  in which case the LED holder  526  is not used. It will be appreciated that in such embodiments, a lens holder is positioned above the LED light source  528  and element holder  516  holds the beam angle changing lens  514  in a fixed position so that when the element holder  516  holding the LED light source  528  moves, the distance between the fixed beam angle changing lens and light source will vary changing the beam angle. 
     The light source  528  in each of the various embodiments converts electrical energy (electricity) into light. In this example the light source is a light emitting diode, such as for example a semiconductor LED. In some embodiments, the light source is an LED that operates on low voltage for example 12V or 24V. In some embodiment the light output is white light and reaches an output of up to 900 lumens or approximately 900 lumens. In some particular embodiments, the LED produces a warm white light 2700K Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) or approximately 2700K CCT. In some embodiments, the LED light source produces a pure white light 3000K CCT or approximately 3000 CCT. In some embodiments, the LED is an Organic LED. In some embodiments, the light source is a combined LED and OLED. In some embodiments, the light source is a polymer light-emitting diode (PLED). The light source  528  in some embodiments is an LED module or assembly including a plurality of separate LEDs that produce light. The LED light source  528  is in some embodiments the LED shown and described in  FIGS. 30, 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D, and 30G  labelled LED and/or numbered  3054  and  3077 . When the LED  528  is the LED  3054  and  3077 , the LED is coupled to the control circuit  3001  by wires  578  shown in  FIG. 6B . 
     The gasket  530  in some embodiments is made of a silicone material but use of other materials such as rubber are possible and used in some embodiments. The gasket  530  is used to seal the lens assembly from entry of water and dirt. 
     The fixture main body  532  in some embodiments is made of cast aluminum which helps to dissipate heat generated by the LED light source  528 . In some embodiments the fixture main body  532  is cylindrical in shape. The fixture main body  532  includes a cavity  539  (see  FIG. 7 ) in which various components of the upper light assembly  533  including the light source  528  are housed. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the cavity  539  of the fixture main body  532  is filled with a sealant such as for example a silicone material that seals and protects the light source  528  from water and dirt. The fixture main body  532  also includes an opening in a portion of the wall or rear bottom portion of the fixture main body  532  through which wires  578  pass and are connected to supply power to the light emitter  528 . The fixture main body  532  is attached to the LED light base assembly  565 . The fixture main body  532  is attached to the tilting mechanism  536  of the LED light base assembly  565 . In some embodiments, a tilting mechanism is not used and instead a mounting bracket in the same form, but which does not tilt is used in place of the tilting mechanism.  FIG. 39  shows several different perspective views of the tilting mechanism  536  ( 3900  angled view,  9304  angled view,  3902  top view, front view, and  3908  side view). Angled perspective views  3900  and  3904  of the tilting mechanism  536  show the teeth  3914  which mate and interlock with the teeth  3812  in the upper portion of the driving housing  540 B shown in diagrams  3802  and  3804  of  FIG. 38 . When the tilting mechanism locking screw  542  is loosened the tilting mechanism can be rotated in a clockwise or counter clockwise direction changing the direction of the light beam being emitting from the light fixture. After rotating the tilting mechanism so that the light beam is being emitted in the desired direction the tilting mechanism locking screw  542  is tightened securing and locking the tilting mechanism in place. The teeth or grooves  3914  mate with the teeth  3812  in the upper driver housing  540 B interlocking and further preventing the tilting mechanism from moving once the tilting mechanism  536  has been secured in place by the locking screw  542 . The upper portion  540 B of the driver housing  540  includes a hole or opening with smooth side walls through which the locking screw  542  extends. The locking screw  542  then extends through the seal  538 , e.g., a sealing gasket, which is positioned between the upper portion of the driver housing  540 B and the tilting mechanism  536  and into the hole  3912  of the tilting mechanism  536 . The hole  3912  includes female threads for receiving the screw  542 . In some embodiments a gasket such as for example a silicone O-ring is positioned on the shaft of the screw  542  and seals the hole or opening in the upper driver housing  540 A through which the screw passes sealing it from entry of water and dirt. The tilting mechanism  536  includes locking connector  3910  including arms which are integral to the tilting mechanism  536  and which lock into the base of the fixture main body  532  when inserted and rotated into position. 
     As discussed further below in at least some embodiments a seal  534  is positioned between the tilting mechanism which is a movable mount or in some embodiments the fixed mounting bracket and seals the fixture main body  532  and the tilting mechanism or fixed mounting bracket from dirt and water at the point the power wires enter the fixture main body  532 . 
     The LED light assembly  533  will now be described in greater detail with reference to  FIGS. 6A, 7, 8, 9, 10A and 10B . In the exemplary embodiment a beam angle changing lens  514  is moved relative to the position of an LED light source  528  to change the beam angle. In other embodiments it should be appreciated that the LED light source  528  is moved relative to the position of a fixed beam angle changing lens placed over the LED light source  528 . Thus, while described in the context of an example where the beam angle changing lens is moved, in other embodiments the LED light source is mounted in the movable holder assembly  513  and the beam angle changing lens mounted above element holder  516  which may move in and out with respect to the front of the fixture assembly  533 . In either embodiment, use of a holder assembly  513  in combination with a slotted lower holder guide  518  allows the distance between an LED light source  528  and a beam angle changing lens ( 514 ) for directing light to be changed as the beam angle changing dial  510  is rotated. This change in distance between the LED light source and lens is achieved by a simple rotation of the dial  510  without requiring disassembly of the LED light assembly  533  and without compromising one or more of the water tight seals included in the LED light assembly as will be discussed below. 
     As previously discussed, the LED light assembly  533  shown in  FIG. 6A  includes an LED light source  528  which is mounted in the LED holder  526  and inserted into the cavity  539  of the fixture main body  532  and secured at a fixed location  531  within the fixture main body  532 . The holder  526  is secured to the fixture main body  532  using screws, glue, snaps or some other fastening technique. 
     The LED light source  528  is connected to wires  578  shown in  FIG. 6B  which extend through an opening in the bottom portion of the fixture main body  532 . 
     The opening in the bottom portion of the fixture main body  532  is sealed with glue, e.g., a waterproof silicone adhesive which in some embodiments is also used to glue, e.g., pot, the led light emitter into the bottom of the cavity  539  at the desired light emitter location  531 . The fixture main body  532  is attached to a mounting portion of the tilting mechanism  536  of LED light base assembly  565 . As previously explained the tilting mechanism  536  includes a locking connector  3910  shown in  FIG. 39  with arms that extend up into the fixture main body  532  and when rotated into position secure and lock the fixture main body  532  to the tilting mechanism  536 . The tilting mechanism  536  is extended or in some embodiments threaded into a hole in the bottom of the fixture main body  532  through which the wires  578  pass. The hole is sealed by a seal  534  (see  FIG. 6B ) which is placed between the fixture main body  532  and the titling mechanism mount portion as well as with glue in some embodiments. In some embodiments the gasket  534  is a rubbery block through which the power wires pass and when wedged into the opening compresses around the wires to provide a watertight seal. 
     A top portion  535  of the fixture main body  532  includes one or more mounting pads  537 , also sometimes referred to as tabs, which extend outward from the wall of the fixture main body  532 . The mounting pads  537  can and in some embodiments are used to hold a beam angle changing dial  510  in place over the top portion  535  of the fixture main body  532  while allowing the beam angle changing dial  510  to rotate. This can be seen more clearly in  FIG. 7 . The assembly of the beam angle changing dial  510  onto the fixture main body  532  is achieved in some embodiments by sliding the beam angle changing dial  510  over the top portion  535  of the main body fixture  532  with the tabs  537  aligned with notches  706  inside the beam angle changing dial (see  FIG. 7 ) and then once the tabs  537  are in a retaining groove  707  rotating the beam angle changing dial  510  so that the tabs slide into the groove and while in the retaining groove  707  prevents the beam angle changing dial  510  from moving forward off the top of the fixture main body  532 . A seal, e.g., an O ring  530  or other gasket, is placed around the outside of the top portion  535  of the fixture main body  532  and seals between the inside surface of the wall of the cylindrical beam angle changing dial  510  and the outer surface of the top portion  535  of the fixture main body 
     The seal  530  provides a water tight seal even as the beam angle changing dial  510  is rotated and moves around the top portion  535  of the fixture main body  532  of the light fixture. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7 , it can be seen that in some embodiments the beam angle changing dial  510  includes angle markings  711  on the exterior side surface of the beam angle changing dial  510 , e.g., 10 degrees, 25 degrees, 40 degrees, etc. (See  FIG. 7 ) In this example, the beam angle changing dial has angle markings for 10, 20, 40 and 60 degrees (see angle markings  710 ) but in other embodiments other degree angle markings may be and sometimes are used depending on whether the supported range of angles is smaller or larger than in the exemplary embodiment. The fixture main body  532  includes an angle indicator marking  702 , e.g., an arrow or dot, on its exterior surface which when aligned with an angle marking  711  on the beam angle changing dial  510  indicates the beam angle setting to which the light fixture is set. Thus, from the outside of the LED light assembly  533  by looking at the angle on the beam angle changing dial  510  adjacent the mark  702  a user can easily see the current angle setting in effect and by rotating the beam angle changing dial  510  can alter the beam angle as will be discussed further below by changing the relative distance between the LED light source  528  and a beam angle changing lens  514  without opening the LED light assembly  533 . 
     Referring once again to  FIG. 6A , it can be seen that the fixture main body  532  includes cavity  539  through which wires  578  enter at the bottom through an opening sealed with glue. The wires  578  extend into the cavity  539  and are connected to the light source  528  thus providing power to the LED light emitter  528  which is mounted in a holder  526  which is secured, e.g., using glue, snaps and/or screws, at the fixed location  531  within the main body fixture  532 . While the bottom of the cavity portion in which the LED light emitter  528  is housed is sealed by glue and/or a gasket  534  such as for example an O-ring in the area where wires  578  enter, the cavity portion in which the LED light source  528  is mounted is sealed at the top of the cavity  539  through which light exits by protection glass  524  which is held in place by an adhesive and/or a seal, e.g., gasket  522 , and locking nut  520 . In embodiments where a locking nut is used, the locking nut  520  may include a recessed surface for receiving the gasket  522  and protective glass  524  and for pressing the gasket against the glass as the locking nut  520  is screwed on threads located at the top outside portion of the fixture main body  532 . 
     Thus, it should be appreciated that the LED light source  528  is sealed in the cavity  539  and protected from water and dirt entry at the top by the sealing glass  524  and at the bottom through the use of glue and/or a gasket or O ring  534 . Additional layers of sealing protection are provided by the gasket  530  which seals the bottom portion of the beam angle changing dial  510  and a changing dial protective sealing glass  508  which is glued to the top of the changing dial  510  sealing the top of the changing dial and protecting the elements including a movable holder assembly  513 , and a lower holder guide  518  into which said holder assembly  513  is inserted and which are covered by the beam angle changing dial  510 , from dirt, water and other contaminants. 
     The holder assembly  513 , in the  FIG. 6A  embodiment, includes a main holder body  512  and an element holder  516 . Element holder  516  is inserted into the holder  512  with the pins  904  and  922  of the holder sliding in the vertical slots  803  and  905  (see  FIG. 8 ) of the main holder body  512  and the holder being forced to rotate as the holder  512  rotates. In some embodiment the main holder body  512  is inserted into the lower guide  518 . While the holder  512  snaps onto the lip  909  also referred to as a flange (see  FIG. 8 ) of the guide  518  in some embodiments it can rotate within the guide  518  and the element holder  516  can move along the diagonal slots  908  of the guide  518 . 
     In some embodiment the lens  514  has an outer lip which is used to secure the lens in the element holder which includes snaps  930  which protrude over the lip of the lens and hold it in the element holder after the lens is snapped into the element holder. 
     As should be appreciated, the element holder, depending on the embodiment and whether the light emitter or lens is to be moved, holds one of the beam angle changing lens  514  or the LED light source  528  which is held in the holder assembly  513 . In the  FIG. 6A  embodiment, it is the beam angle changing lens  514  that is held in the element holder  516  of the holder assembly  513 . The element holder  516  includes at least one guide pin  904  (see  FIG. 9 ) but in some embodiments has one guide pin on each side of the element holder  516  (e.g., guide pins  904  and  922 ) while even more guide pins are possible and used in some embodiments. The main holder body  512  of the holder assembly  513  includes drive flange  512 ′ which engages a drive tab  709  on the inside wall the beam angle changing dial  510 . In at least some embodiments the beam angle changing dial  510  includes multiple drive tabs, e.g., one on each side, for engaging corresponding drive tabs, one on each side, of the main holder body  512 . 
     The holder assembly is inserted into a lower holder guide  518 . The lower holder guide  518  includes at least one angled slot ( 908 ) (see  FIG. 9 ) but normally two 180 degrees apart, in a sidewall ( 519 ) of said lower holder guide  518  and extending at an angle from a lower portion of said sidewall  519  to an opening in the top of said sidewall  519 . The guide pin ( 904 ) of the element holder  516  is inserted into said at least one angled slot  908  and travels along said angled slot  908  in response to rotation of the main body holder  512 . Travel of the holder along the angled slot changes a distance between the LED light source  528  and the beam angle changing lens  514  as the holder assembly  513  travels in said angled slot  908  and moves closer or further from the LED light source. Thus, by rotating the changing dial  510  a user can alter the position of the LED light source to the beam angle changing lens  514  since the light beam angle changing lens will move closer to or further from the light source  528  as the element holder  516  moves with the main holder body  512  guided by the pin  904  that extends into the angled slot of the lower holder guide  518  as the changing dial  510  rotates. In some embodiments two guide pins and corresponding slots are used. The guide pins  904  and  922  extend into and move along the angled slots of the lower holder guide  518  as the changing dial  510  rotates. 
     In some embodiments, the LED light assembly includes a beam angle locking set screw  708  shown in  FIG. 7  which extends through an opening in the beam angle changing dial  510  and presses against the outside wall of the fixture main body  532 . 
     Once the user has rotated the beam angle changing dial to the desired setting, the beam angle lock screw  708  is screwed down so that it makes contact with and is pressing against the fixture main body  532  and locks the beam angle changing dial in place preventing movement, such as unintentional movement, of the beam angle changing dial  510 . When the user wishes to change the beam angle of the fixture the beam angle lock screw  708  is loosened until the screw is no longer making contact with or pressing against the fixture main body  532  with enough force to prevent the beam changing dial from rotating. Once loosened the beam angle lock screw  708  is loosened the beam angle change dial  510  can be rotated to a new beam angle position and the beam angle lock screw  708  re-engaged locking down the beam changing dial  710  from rotating. 
     In various embodiments one or more accessories are mounted to the top of the beam angle changing dial  510  by sliding the accessory such as a shroud  504  over the top of the beam angle changing dial  510  and securing the accessory to the beam angle change dial  510  with one or more screws (e.g., thumbscrew  502 ) which may be and in some embodiments are hand tightened. 
     The accessory, such as the shroud  504 , can be and in some embodiments is used to hold a color changing lens or filter  506  over the outer protective glass  508  through which emitted light passes. A user can easily change the color of light by removing the shroud  504  and replacing the color changing lens  506  with a different color lens and then placing the shroud  504  back in place. In addition to shroud  504 , a snoot  568 , a cross louver  570  or a shroud  572  with a longer length than the shroud  504  may be and sometimes are used in place of shroud  504 . 
     A color filter lens  506  placed over said outer sealing lens  508  and held in place by an accessory may be used to filter the light and provide different light colors and patterns. Thus, in at least some embodiments the holder assembly  513  includes at least one guide pin  904  and drive flange  512 ′ where the holder assembly  513  holds one of the lens  514  or the LED light source  528 . In addition the beam angle changing dial  510  includes at least one inner tab  709  for driving a drive flange  512 ′ of the holder assembly  513  to induce rotation in the holder assembly  513  and movement within said angled slot ( 908 ) when said beam angle changing dial ( 510 ) is rotated. 
     Thus it should be appreciated that filters and accessories can be changed as well as the beam angle, without affecting the numerous water tight seals and protections against water and dirt intrusion incorporated in to the LED light assembly  533 . 
       FIG. 7  shows additional features and details of some of the components of the LED spot light upper assembly  533 . The top portion  535  of the fixture main body  532  includes one or more mounting or locking pads  537  as previously noted. In the exemplary embodiment two mounting pads at 180 degrees from each other are used which are on the outer surface of the fixture main body  532  and they extend outward from the wall of the fixture main body  532 . The mounting pads  537  in some embodiments are used to hold the beam angle changing dial  510  in place over the top portion  535  of the fixture main body  532  while allowing the beam angle changing dial  510  to rotate. The beam angle changing dial  510  includes angle markings  711  which indicate the beam angle setting to which the light fixture is set when aligned with the angle indicator marking  702  on the outer surface of the fixture main body  532 . The beam angle changing dial  510  includes at least one inner tab  709  for driving a drive flange  512 ′ of the holder assembly  513  (see  FIG. 9 ) to induce rotation in the holder assembly  513  and movement within said angled slot ( 908 ) when said beam angle changing dial ( 510 ) is rotated. A beam angle changing locking screw  708  is used in some embodiments to lock and prevent the beam angle changing dial  510  from moving once the beam angle changing dial has been rotated to the desired beam angle therein locking and fixing the beam angle for the light fixture. 
     Several different views of the beam angle changing dial are shown in  FIG. 7  to provide different perspectives of the beam angle changing dial  510  and so that different features of the beam angle changing dial  510  can be illustrated. Beam angle changing dial  510 ′ illustrates the beam angle changing dial  510  at a slight angle so that the side of the beam angle changing dial  510  into which the main body holder  512  fits can be seen. Beam angle changing dial  510 ′ illustrates the securing or retaining groove  707  and notches  706  inside the beam angle changing dial with which the tabs  537  of the fixture main body  532  are aligned so that the change dial can be assembled so that it is in the retaining groove  707 . While only one notch  706  is shown a second notch or slot opening is included in some embodiments at 180 degrees from the notch  706  shown which are aligned with the second locking pad or tab  537  on the fixture main body  532 . When assembled the tabs  537  are in a retaining groove  707  so that when the beam angle changing dial rotates the tabs  537  prevent the beam angle changing dial  510  from moving forward off the top of the fixture main body  532 . 
     The view  510 ″ of the beam angle changing dial  510  show in  FIG. 7  is an top perspective view of the beam angle changing dial  510 ′ The view  510 ″ shows the beam angle changing lock screw  708 . The beam angle changing dial  510  shown in the different views  510 ′ and  510 ″ show the inner tab  709  for driving a drive flange  512 ′ of the holder  512  to induce rotation in the main holder body  512  and movement of the element holder  516  and lens  514  along the angled slots  908  when said beam angle changing dial  510  is rotated. 
     Beam angle markings  710  of 60 degrees, 40 degrees, 25 degrees and 10 degrees are shown on the beam angle changing dial  510  in view  510 ′. 
       FIG. 7  also shows the grouping of elements referred to as the holder assembly  513 . The holder assembly  513  includes the main holder body  512  and element holder  516 . In this exemplary element holder  516  holds the lens  514 . Also shown in  FIG. 7  is the lower holder guide  518  with side wall  519  which has one or more angled slots  908  (see  FIG. 9 ). Illustration  752  is a side cross sectional view of upper light assembly  533  in an assembled form taken along the line defined by arrows A in illustration  750 . Illustration  750  is a front view of the upper light assembly  533  in an assembled form. Reference number  756  indicates a view of the seal  530  being pressed between a portion  758  of the beam angle changing dial  510  and a portion  754  of the fixture main body  532  therein sealing the fixture main body  532  from entry of water and dirt. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates various features of the upper light assembly  533  and will be used in explaining how the beam angle is changed by rotating by the beam angle changing dial  510 . The elements of the upper light assembly  533  when put together appear as shown in illustration  940 . The main holder body  512  can rotate within the lower holder guide  518  as indicated by the curved arrows identified by reference number  965 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , main holder body  512  includes drive flange  512 ′ which includes 4 wider portions. Two of the wider portions identified by reference  513  are flat while two other portions  515  of the flange  512 ′ include snaps  936 . The snaps  936  snap onto a top flange  909  of the lower holder guide  518 . The snaps  936  keep the main holder body  512  from separating from the lower holder guide while allowing the main holder body  512  to rotate with respect to the lower holder guide  518  while the flange  909  of the lower holder guide  518  supports the flange  512 ′ of the main holder body. 
     The extended portions  513 ,  515  of the flange  512  including flange portions  513 ,  515  as well as actuators  804  which are an integral part of the flange  512 ′ interact with one or more of the drive tabs  709  on the inside of the beam angle changing dial  510  causing main holder body  512  to rotate with the beam angle changing dial  510 . The main holder body  512  includes vertical stabilizing pin slots  803  and vertical guide drive pin slots  905 . 
     The element holder  516  includes stabilizer pins  934  which extend outward beyond the lip of the element holder  516 . The top inside portion of the lens stabilizer pins  934  near the lens  514  include a lens snap  930  while the outside of the stabilizer pins  934  in some embodiments includes a T shaped head and a rectangular shaft. The T shaped head facilitates retaining of the stabilizer pin  934  in the stabilizer pin slot  803  of the main holder body  512  while the rectangular shaft helps prevent tilting of the element holder  516  and stabilization of the element holder  516  as it moves up and down in main holder body  512  guided by the slots  803  which extend perpendicular or generally perpendicular to the flange  512 ′ in what would be a vertical direction if the spotlight was facing straight up. 
     In addition to the stabilizing pins  934  the element holder  516  includes a pair of guide drive pins  904  and  922 . The guide drive pins  904  and  922  are in some embodiments round pins that extend out further than the stabilizer pins  934  and pass through the angled drive slots  908  of the lower holder guide  518 . The lower holder guide  518  is fixed in the main holder body by screws and/or glue, e.g., located in the flat bottom portion  921  of the lower hold guide  518  adjacent a center hole  919  in the bottom of the lower holder guide  518  through which light from the light emitter  528  passes. 
     While stabilizer pins  934  remain inside the body of the lower holder guide  518 , the drive guide pins  904  and  922  in the angled slots  908  of the lower holder guide  518  pass through the sidewall  519  of the lower holder guide  518 . The sidewall of the lower holder guide  518  exerts pressure on the drive pins  904  and  922  as the beam angle changing dial  510 , main holder body  512  and element holder  516  rotate due to user rotation of the beam angle changing dial  510  forcing drive tabs  709  against an extended flange portion  515 ,  517  and/or  804  causing rotation of the main holder body  512  and element holder  516  mounted therein. While the term drive tab has been used, it should be appreciated that the drive tabs may be in the form of have a pointed shape, a rectangular shape or some other form which can transfer a force from the beam angle changing dial  510  to another element, e.g., main holder body  512  to induce the desired movement with the rotation of the beam angle changing dial  510 . 
     The force exerted by the wall  519  against the drive pins  904  and  922  as the element holder  512  rotates in the lower holder guide  518  drives the pins  904  and  922  to move in the angled slots  908  causing the element holder  516  to move up or down in the straight slots  803 ,  905  of the main holder body  512 . In this way, when a user rotates the beam angle changing dial  510 , which in turn causes the main holder body  512  and element holder  516  to rotate, angled slots  908  in the lower holder body  518  which is fixed relative to the main body housing  532  of the light fixture will cause the element holder  516  and lens  514  mounted therein to move up or down. This changes the distance between the light emitter  528  and lens  514  causing the beam angle to change as the beam angle changing dial  510  is rotated. 
       FIG. 9  is a top view, e.g. a view as would be seen if looking directly through the top of the beam changing dial  510  down towards the light emitter  528 . 
     Reference numbers in  FIG. 9  which are the same as in other figures show the same elements and thus will not be discussed in detail again. 
     In  FIG. 9  the four snaps  930 , for holding lens  514  in the element holder  516  are visible with the lens  514  being at the center of the assembly. The element holder  516  is inside of the main holder body  512  which has its top flange  512 ′ visible in  FIG. 9 . The extended portions  515 ,  517  of the flange  512 ′ are visible in  FIG. 9  as well. One or more of the extended flanges  515 ,  517  will contact a drive tab  709  of the beam angle changing dial  510  as the beam angle changing dial  510  rotates. Since the flange  512 ′ of the main holder body  512  sits on top of the flange  909  of the lower holder guide  518  into which the main holder body  512  is inserted, on portions of the top flange  909  of the lower holder guide  518  are visible in  FIG. 9 . The drive tabs  709  of the beam angle changing dial  510  and extended flanges  515 ,  517  of the main holder body  512  are above the top flange  909  of the lower holder guide  518 . 
     The two outermost rings shown in  FIG. 9  are different portions of the main holder body  532  into which the lower holder body  518  if fixed, e.g., by screws at the bottom of the lower holder body  518  which are not visible in  FIG. 9  due to obstruction from view by the lens  514  and flanges  512 ′,  909 . 
     The top 589 of the threaded portion of the main holder body  532  is visible in  FIG. 9 . The threads are represented by two small lines between the top surface  589  and the largest diameter portion of the fixture main body  532 . Beam angle changing dial retaining tabs  537  can be seen extending out from below the threaded portion of the fixture main body  532 . These retaining tabs  537  allow the beam angle changing dial  510  to be retained on the fixture main body  532  with the tabs extending into grove  707  after being slipped into the groove  707  via slot  706 . 
     Snaps  936  are shown in  FIG. 9 . While these snaps can be seen from the top, it should be appreciated that they extend down and snap over the lip of flange  909  of the lower holder body  518  securing the flange  512 ′ to the flange  909  while still allowing the holder main body  512  to rotate with respect to the lower holder A better view of the snaps  936  can be seen in  FIG. 8 . 
     Having described various features which allow the adjustment of the beam angle of the fixture shown in  FIG. 1 , beam angles which can be supported by such a fixture will now be discussed. 
       FIGS. 10A and 10B  illustrate a light fixture embodiment wherein the beam angle changing lens moves relative a fixed LED light source.  FIGS. 11A and 11B  illustrate a light fixture embodiment in which the LED light source is moved relative to a fixed beam changing lens. 
       FIG. 10A  illustrates an embodiment in which the LED light source  528  is fixed and the beam angle changing lens  514  moves in the upper light assembly  533 . As shown in the diagram of  FIG. 10A  the upper light assembly  533  is set to provide a light beam angle output of 10 degrees. The light beam  1010  is shown in the drawing  FIG. 10A  with an output angle of 10 degrees which would correlate with a spot light output configuration or setting wherein the beam is narrower. In this setting as is shown in  FIG. 10A , the LED light source  528  is a distance D  1030  from the beam angle changing lens  514  where D is the maximum permitted distance from the light source  528  and correlates with a light output beam angle of 10 degrees. This is the case where the beam angle changing dial  510  has been rotated clockwise so that the beam angle marking of 10 degrees shown on the beam angle changing dial  510  is aligned with the arrow  702  on the fixture main body  532 . 
       FIG. 10  B illustrates the same embodiment as  FIG. 10  in which the LED light source  528  is fixed and the beam angle changing lens  514  moves in the upper light assembly  533 . As shown in the diagram of  FIG. 10B  the upper light assembly  533  is set to provide a light beam angle output of 60 degrees. The light beam  1020  is shown in the drawing  FIG. 10B  with an output angle of 60 degrees which would correlate with a flood light output setting or configuration wherein the beam is more spread out covering a wider area. In this setting as is shown in  FIG. 10B , the light beam changing lens  514  is now at point  1032  which is the minimum permitted distance from the light source  528  and correlates with a light output beam angle of 60 degrees. 
     This is the case where the beam angle changing dial  510  has been rotated counter clockwise so that the beam angle marking of 60 degrees shown on the beam angle changing dial  510  is aligned with the arrow  702  on the fixture main body  532 . The lens  514  as shown in this example is a convex lens. 
     Diagram  1100  of  FIG. 11A  illustrates an embodiment in which the LED light source  528  in holder  1102  (element holder) moves in the upper light assembly and the beam angle changing lens  514  is fixed. As shown in the diagram of  FIG. 11A  the upper light assembly is set to provide a light beam angle output of 10 degrees. The light beam  1110  is shown in the drawing  FIG. 11A  with an output angle of 10 degrees which would correlate with a spot light output configuration or setting wherein the beam is narrower. In this setting as is shown in  FIG. 11A , the LED light source  528  is a distance D  1130  from the beam angle changing lens  514  where D is the maximum permitted distance from the light source  528  and correlates with a light output beam angle of 10 degrees. 
     Diagram  1100 ′ of  FIG. 11B  illustrates the same embodiment as  FIG. 11  in which the LED light source  528  in holder  1102  (element holder) moves in the upper light assembly and the beam angle changing lens  514  is fixed. As shown in the diagram of  FIG. 11B  the upper light assembly is set to provide a light beam angle output of 60 degrees. The light beam  1120  is shown in the drawing  FIG. 11B  with an output angle of 60 degrees which would correlate with a flood light output setting or configuration wherein the beam is more spread out covering a wider area. In this setting as is shown in  FIG. 11B , the LED light source  528  is at a point  1132  from the beam angle changing lens  514  which is the minimum permitted distance from the light source  528  and correlates with a light output beam angle of 60 degrees. 
     Various features of the LED light base assembly  565  including on-board dimming control, a tilting mechanism for changing the direction of the light beam previously described, and the water proof and/or water resistant structure of the LED light base assembly  565  will now be explained in greater detail. 
     The LED light base assembly  565  is shown in greater detail in  FIG. 6B  along with the wiring of the LED light fixture. The LED light base assembly  565  includes seals, e.g., gaskets (flat or custom shaped to match the objects or specific surfaces to be sealed), O rings and/or other flexible shaped seals. The LED light base assembly  565  includes a seal  534 , e.g., a gasket. In some embodiments, the gasket  534  is an O-ring  534 , a tilting mechanism  536 , a seal  538 , e.g., a gasket, an electrical driver enclosure  540  also referred to as a driver housing  540 , tilting mechanism lock screw  542 , dimming control knob bracket  544 , dimming control knob seal  546 , e.g., a gasket  546  which in some embodiments is an O-ring, dimming control knob  548 , seal  550 , e.g., a gasket  550  also referred to as top gasket  550 , insulating film  552 , LED driver assembly  554  which in some embodiments includes the circuits described in  FIGS. 30, 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D, 30E, 30F, 30G, 31  with the exception of the LED to which the circuits are connected with wires  578 , potentiometer  555  which in some embodiments is the potentiometer  3062  (see  FIGS. 30, 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D, 30E, 30F ; or potentiometer RV 1 / 500   k  of  FIG. 30G ), mounting bracket  556 , gasket  558  which in some embodiments is an O-ring also referred as bottom gasket  558  or O-ring  558 , driver housing enclosure cap  560 , driver enclosure cap screws  562 , sealing glue  563 , and fixture securing nut  564 . The fixture securing nut  564  which in the exemplary embodiment is made of cast aluminum and secures the fixture horizontal rotation in place is not shown in  FIG. 6B  but is shown in  FIG. 5 . Also shown in  FIG. 6B  are the light fixture power supply wires  576  which come from the power source and are connected to the LED driver circuit of the LED driver assembly  554  and wires  578  which are connected on one end to the LED driver circuit of the LED driver assembly  554  and are connected on other end to the light source of the fixture which is LED  528 . 
     Features and details of the LED light base assembly  565  will now be explained in connection with  FIGS. 6B, 6C, 6D, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 . This LED light base assembly  565  allows for light fixture with the ability to externally change the light output and power usage of the light fixture without compromising the water tight seal. While the embodiments describe the sealing of the system to prevent the intrusion of water, they also prevent in some embodiments the intrusion of dirt and/or other liquids. This is accomplished as will be explained in detail below through the use of several layers of seals which in some embodiments include gaskets and O-rings and potting in order to seal the LED light base assembly from water intrusion. Potting referring to the inclusion of a sealing glue such as for example silicone included in the cavity of the driver housing  540 . In some embodiments, one or more of the gaskets used in either the upper assembly  533  or LED light base assembly  536  are O-rings. While the terms gasket and O ring have been used it should be appreciated that the invention is applicable to use of seals which seal and protect against the intrusion of water and dirt. While in many embodiments, the seals, gaskets and O-rings are made from a silicone material, other suitable sealing or gasketing material that protects against the intrusion of liquids such as water may be, and in some embodiments are, used. In some embodiments, one or more of the seals, gaskets or O-rings are made from rubber. 
     The gasket  534  in some embodiments is an O-ring made of silicone. The gasket  534  is used to seal and prevent the intrusion of water between the tilting mechanism assembly  536  and the fixture main body  532 . The tilting mechanism  536  in some embodiments is made of cast aluminum. The tilting mechanism  536  is used to change the vertical angle of the fixture main body  532  to which it is connected and therein the direction of the light output from the light fixture. Different perspective views  3900 ,  3902 ,  3904 ,  3906 , and  3908  of the tilting mechanism  536  illustrating different surfaces of the tilting mechanism are shown in  FIG. 39 . Gasket  538  in some embodiments is made of silicone. Gasket  538  is positioned between a surface of the driver housing  540  and a surface of tilting mechanism  536 . The surface of the tilting mechanism  536  may be, and in some embodiments is, recessed so that the gasket  538  is seated in the recessed portion of the tilting mechanism  536 . The wires  578  extend through an opening in the seal or gasket  538 . In some embodiments, the opening through which the wires  578  extend are in a side portion of the gasket  538 . The tilting mechanism locking screw  542  also extends through an opening in the gasket  538 . The opening through which the tilting mechanism locking screw extends may be, and in some embodiments is, relatively circular and centered in the middle of the seal and is separate from the opening through which the wires  578  extend. The gasket  538  seals the tilting mechanism  536 . For example, the gasket  538  seals an opening in the titling mechanism through which the tilting mechanism lock screw extends from the intrusion of water as well as the opening through which wires  578  extend. In some embodiments, the wires  578  also extends through the same opening in the seal as the tilting mechanism locking screw wherein the opening is generally circular but includes a cut out notch in one side of the opening in which the wires are inserted and pass through the gasket. The gasket  538  also seals one or more openings through which the wires  578  extend from the intrusion of water when the openings through which the wires extend are different from the opening through which the tilt mechanism lock screw  542  extends. In some embodiments, the gasket  538  also seals any openings in the top of driver housing  540  through which the wires  578  extends. The tilting mechanism lock screw  542  in some embodiments is made of stainless steel. The tilting mechanism lock screw is used to lock the fixture vertical angle in place and prevent it from moving. 
     The LED driver assembly  554  is mounted and enclosed in a driver housing  540 . The driver housing  540  is an enclosure for the gasket  550 , an insulating film  552 , LED driver assembly  554  which includes a potentiometer  555  with potentiometer dimming control switch  555 A, and LED driver mounting bracket  556 . The driver housing  540  is connected to the dimmer control knob  548  and the tilting mechanism  536 . 
     The driver housing  540  has an upper portion  540 B including an opening through which the tilting mechanism locking screw  542  extends and a base portion  540 A. The base portion  540 A includes a control knob opening. The housing base portion  540 A includes dimples  584 ,  586 ,  590 ,  594  and  598  for aligning the dimmer control knob indicator to a specific setting. In this example, the settings the dimples represent are wattage settings as indicated by the W letter  580  included on the housing base portion  540 A. Positioned next to the dimple  584  is the wattage marking 2 W  582  indicating a power usage setting of the light fixture of 2 watts when the dimming control knob setting indicator is aligned with the dimple  584 . Positioned next to the dimple  586  is the wattage marking 4 W  588  indicating a power usage setting of the light fixture of 4 watts when the dimming control knob setting indicator is aligned with the dimple  588 . Positioned next to the dimple  590  is the wattage marking 8 W  592  indicating a power usage setting of the light fixture of 8 watts when the dimming control knob setting indicator is aligned with the dimple  590 . Positioned next to the dimple  594  is the wattage marking 13 W  596  indicating a power usage setting of the light fixture of 13 watts when the dimming control knob setting indicator is aligned with the dimple  594 . Positioned next to the dimple  598  is the wattage marking 16 W  599  indicating a power usage setting of the light fixture of 16 watts when the dimming control knob setting indicator is aligned with the dimple  598 . While in this example the dimples and corresponding wattage settings of 2 W, 4 W, 8 W, 13 W, and 16 W have been shown other wattage settings and dimples and/or additional wattage settings and corresponding dimples may be, and in some embodiments, are used. Instead of dimples, other indicators or marks such as for example a line, or raised dot may be, and in some embodiments, are used. Similarly while the dimming control knob indicator includes an arrow (see  FIG. 33  reference numeral  3302  pointing to the arrow on the dimming control knob  548 ) to identify where it is pointing other indicators markings such as a dimple, line or raised dot may be used on the dimming control knob  548 . In the embodiment of the landscape LED spot light illustrated in diagram  3300  of  FIG. 33  which also includes a pedestal the dimples, the wattage, the letter W and arrow indicator on the dimming control knob  548  are shown as being molded into the driver housing and dimming control knob  548 . Other methods of including these marking indicators such for example via paint, engraving or the application of labels may, and in some embodiments, is used to create the marking indicators and corresponding wattage values. The different power settings also corresponding to different light output levels based on the power usage with the lower the wattage setting the lower the intensity of the light output of the fixture. 
     Diagram  600 A of  FIG. 6C  shows another exemplary embodiment of the driver housing base portion  540 A of  FIG. 6B  with additional power usage/dimming markings included on the surface of the driver housing base portion  540 A. In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 6C  the housing base portion  540 A includes dimples  584 ,  586 ,  590 ,  594  and  598  for aligning the dimmer control knob indicator to a specific setting. In this example, the settings the dimples represent are wattage settings and apparent power VA (volt times amperage) settings. The marking W  580  included on the housing base portion  540 A is an indicator that some of the marking indicators reference wattage. The wattage markings are 2 W  582  corresponding to dimple  584 , 4 W  588  corresponding to dimple  586 , 8 W  592  corresponding to dimple  590 , 13 W  596  corresponding to dimple  594  and 16 W  599  corresponding to dimple  598 . The wattage markings are located on the outer surface of the driver housing base portion  540 A and located by the dimple to which they correspond so that a user understands that when the dimming control knob  548  indicator (e.g., arrow) points to the dimple the corresponding wattage is being used by the lighting fixture to produce light. In addition to the wattage settings, apparent power ratings markings 2.8VA  601 , 8.2VA  602 , 13.4 VA  604 , 22.3 VA  606  and 23.2 VA  608  are also provided on the outer surface of the driver housing base portion  540 A with each marking located close to the dimple to which the apparent power corresponds. The 2.8VA  601  marking is located by corresponding dimple  584 , the 8.2 VA  602  marking is located by the corresponding dimple  586 , the 13.4 VA marking is located by the corresponding dimple  590 , the 22.3 VA  606  marking is located by the corresponding 594 dimple, and the 23.2 VA marking is located by the corresponding dimple  598 . In some embodiments, the wattage markings are located above the apparent power markings. In some embodiments, only the apparent power markings are included and not the wattage markings. In such embodiments, the letter W  580  located at the bottom center is changed from W to VA. The use of both the wattage and apparent power markings aid installers in calculating the wattage and apparent power being used by the device, for example when installing a system including multiple lighting fixtures powered from the same source. The apparent power settings are typically used when the power source is an AC source. The different power settings also corresponding to different light output based on the power usage with the lower the wattage setting the lower the intensity of the light output of the fixture. The wattage settings are typically used when the power source is a DC source. The reference numeral  574  of  FIG. 6C  points to a mechanical hard stop raised surface or ridge  574  which is included in some embodiments of the driver housing  540  to prevent the over-turning of the potentiometer  555 . In some embodiments, the hard stop ridge  574  is molded into the driver housing  540 . The same hard stop raised surface or ridge  574  is shown in the driver housing  540  of  FIGS. 6B and 6D . 
     Diagram  600 B of  FIG. 6D  shows another exemplary embodiment of the driver housing base portion  540 A of  FIG. 6B  with additional power usage/dimming markings included on the surface of the driver housing base portion  540 A. In the exemplary embodiment  600  B of  FIG. 6D  the housing base portion  540 A includes dimples  584 ,  586 ,  590 ,  594  and  598  for aligning the dimmer control knob indicator to a specific setting. Wattage markings of 2 W  582 , 4 W  588 , 8 W  592 , 13 W  596  and 16 W  599  are shown the same as in  FIGS. 6B and 6C  and will not be discussed in further detail. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 6D , the markings MR 16E  622  are shown below the marking W  580 . The MR 16E  622  marking indicates that MR 16 halogen equivalent wattage settings are shown below wattage settings on the surface of the driver housing  540 . In addition to the wattage settings, halogen MR 16 equivalent wattage rating or settings are also indicated that identify the MR 16 equivalent or comparable wattage output settings. This allows an installer who is familiar with MR 16 halogen light output wattage setting to configure the light fixture to provide a comparable light output based on the MR 16 halogen light out settings. The MR 16 equivalent halogen wattage marking corresponding to dimple  584  is 10 W MR 16  610  and is located below wattage marking 2 W  582 . The MR 16 equivalent halogen wattage marking corresponding to dimple  586  is 25 W MR 16  612  and is located below wattage marking 4 W  588 . The MR 16 equivalent halogen wattage marking corresponding to dimple  590  is 35 W MR 16  616  and is located below wattage marking 8 W  592 . The MR 16 equivalent halogen wattage marking corresponding to dimple  594  is 50 W MR 16  618  and is located below wattage marking 13 W  596 . The MR 16 equivalent halogen wattage marking corresponding to dimple  598  is 75 W MR 16  620  and is located below wattage marking 16 W  596 . An installer can use the 10 W MR 16  610 , 25 W MR 16  612 , 35 W MR 16  616 , 50 W MR 16  618 , and 75 W MR 16  620  markings to set the illumination brightness and determine the respective 2 W  582 , 4 W  588 , 8 W  592 , 13 W  596  and 16 W  599  wattage indications located above MR 16E (MR 16 halogen equivalent) setting by just looking at the light fixture to determine the amount of wattage being used by the LED light fixture. The MR 16E  622  marking is engraved or marked on the driver housing  540  below the W  580  marking so that users, e.g., installers, can understand the meaning of the wattage indications referring to MR 16 halogen lights. The wattages and equivalent halogen MR 16 wattage markings are only exemplary in nature and other wattages and their equivalent halogen MR 16 wattage markings may be, and in some embodiments, are used. In some embodiments, the lumens being output by the lighting fixture when the dimming control knob arrow points to a corresponding dimple is marked next to the dimple on the outer surface of the driver housing  540 . 
     Returning now to the discussion of the elements of the LED light base assembly  565 , the dimming control knob bracket  544  is used to hold the dimmer control knob  548  in place and is positioned between the potentiometer  555  and the dimming control knob  548 . The dimming control knob bracket  544  is in some embodiments made of sheet aluminum. The gasket  546  is in some embodiments made of silicone. In some embodiments, the gasket  546  is a sealing O-ring. Turning now to  FIG. 35 , the diagram  3502  of  FIG. 35  shows the dimming control knob  548  from a side view perspective along with the seal or gasket  546  fitted over the shaft  549  of the dimming control knob  548 . The gasket  546  is used as a seal between the dimming control knob  548  and the driving housing  540 . The dimming control knob  548  includes a shaft portion  549  shown in  FIG. 35 . The gasket  546  which in the exemplary embodiment is shaped in a conical form may be, and in some embodiments is an O-ring, is positioned between a rear or back side  548 A of the dimming control knob  548  and a surface  535  of the wall of the base portion  540 A of the driver housing  540  shown in  FIG. 6B . The shaft portion  549  of the dimming control knob  548  is in physical contact with a rotatable control  555 A of the potentiometer  555 . The seal or in some embodiments O-ring  546  provides a watertight seal between the dimming control knob  548  and the surface of the wall of the base portion  540 A of the driver housing  540 . The seal  546  in this way seals and prevents the intrusion of water from entering the driver housing  540  via the opening  535  in the driver housing  540  for the dimming control knob  548  while still allowing the dimming control knob  548  to make physical contact with and move the potentiometer control  555 A when the dimming control knob  548  is rotated. 
     The dimming control knob  548  in some embodiments is made of polycarbonate. The dimming control knob  548  includes an indicator showing the position of the knob. As previously discussed, the position indicator is an arrow  3302  as shown in the embodiment of  FIG. 33 . The dimming control knob  548  is used to change the power input and light output of the fixture. A user can turn the dimming control knob  548  until the indicator in this case an arrow  3302  points to and/or is aligned with the power setting correspond to the desired wattage for the fixture. As the dimming control knob  548  is turned the potentiometer control  555 A is turned so that the potentiometer  555  is set to provide a resistance value to a portion of a control circuit which will result in the desired wattage to which the dimming control knob  540  indicator is pointing. 
     Returning once again to  FIG. 6B , the driver housing base portion  540 A includes a top portion  551 .  FIGS. 37 and 38  show the top portion  551  of the driver housing in further detail. The top portion  551  including a surface, e.g., a flat surface, with a top opening (see e.g.,  FIG. 37   553 A and  553 B) through which the wires  578  extend. The wires  578  being coupled to the LED driver circuit of the LED driver assembly  554 . The wires  578  are also coupled to the light source  528 . The LED light base assembly  565  includes gasket  550  through which the wires  578  extends through the top portion  551  of the LED light base portion  540 A of driver housing  540 . In some embodiments, the gasket  550  is made of silicone. Gasket  550  is used to seal the driver housing  540  to prevent the intrusion of water and/or dirt through the top opening through which the wires  578  extend. See  FIGS. 37 and 38 . The seal or gasket  550  is positioned between driver assembly  554  and driver housing  540 . In some embodiments the seal or gasket  550  is rectangular in shape. 
     Diagram  3702  illustrates a cross section view of the driver housing  540  including the gasket  550  and showing the openings  553 A and  553 B in the driver housing through which the wires  578  extend. Diagram  3704  of  FIG. 37  illustrates various surfaces and openings of the driver housing  540  along with features of the driver housing  540  interior. Among the features illustrated in diagram  3704  are the driver housing top surface  551  and the recessed surface  557  into which the gasket  550  is seated. Also shown are the openings  553 A and  553 B in the driver housing  540  through which the wires  578  pass. 
     Diagram  3802  provides a cross sectional view of various features of the driver housing  540  including the gasket  550 . The openings  553 A and  553 B are openings in the housing through which the wires  578  extend. The gasket  550  seals the wire openings from the intrusion of water and dirt. Diagram  3804  of  FIG. 38  shows another view of the driver housing  540  with its interior features shown. The top surface  551  is shown along with the gasket  550  seated in the driver housing in the recess surface  557  shown in  FIG. 3704 . 
     Returning once again to elements of the light fixture base assembly  565 , the LED light base assembly  565  also includes an insulating film  552 . The insulating film  552  in some embodiments is made of VO rated plastic. The insulation film  552  provides heat insulation for the driver that is the driver circuit of the driver assembly  554 . The insulation film  552  is positioned between the driver assembly  554  and driver housing surface  551  of driving housing  540 . The insulating film  552  covers the top portion of the LED driver assembly  554  and a bottom surface of the top portion of the LED driver housing  540 . 
     The LED drive assembly  554  includes a potentiometer  555 . In some embodiments, the LED drive assembly  554  includes some or all of the electrical circuitry  3000  with the exception of the LED described in  FIG. 30 . In such embodiments, the LED drive assembly  554  includes the control circuit  3001  as shown in  FIG. 30D  which is used to provide power to the light source  528  which is the LED  3054  shown in  FIG. 30D . The control circuitry  3001  in some embodiments is included on an integrated circuit board. In some embodiments, the control circuit  3001  is incorporated into an integrated circuit (IC). In such embodiments, the potentiometer  555  is the potentiometer  3062  described in the circuit  3000  (see  FIG. 30D ). In some embodiments, the LED drive assembly  554  includes some or all of the electrical circuitry of  FIG. 30G  with the exception of the LED shown. In such embodiments, the potentiometer  555  is the potentiometer with reference RV 1  shown in  FIG. 30G . The dimming control knob  548  fits into the potentiometer  555  at its control interface  555 A and when the dimming control knob  548  rotates the potentiometer control interface  555 A rotates. Descriptions of the circuits  3000 ,  3001  and  3099  are discussed in detail below in connection with  FIGS. 30, 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D, 30E, 30F, 30G, and 31 . The different embodiments described may be, and in some embodiments are, used in the driver assembly  554  with the exception of the LED which is housed in the upper light assembly  533  but is connected to the control circuit by wires  578 . In some embodiments, the driver assembly  554  includes a circuit board on which various circuit components such as the potentiometer  555  are mounted. 
     Returning once again to  FIG. 6B , the LED driver assembly  554  is mounted in the driver assembly mounting bracket  556 . The LED driver assembly mounting bracket  556  in some embodiments is made of aluminum. The driver mounting bracket  556  is used to secure the LED driver assembly  554  in place and allows the driver enclosure cap  560  to attach. 
     The LED light base assembly  565  further includes an enclosure cap  560  inserted into a recess in the bottom of the driver housing  540 . The LED light base assembly  565  also includes a gasket  558  sometimes referred to as a bottom gasket. In some embodiments, the gasket  558  is made of silicone. In this example, the gasket  558  is an O-ring. The bottom gasket  558  is positioned between a top lip of the enclosure cap  560  and a bottom surface of the recess in the bottom of the driver housing  540 . The bottom gasket  558  which is an O-ring in this example is used to seal the driver housing  540  from intrusion of water. 
     In some embodiments, the enclosure cap  560  is made of cast aluminum. The enclosure cap  560  is used to close and seal the driving housing  540 . The enclosure cap  560  includes a threaded shaft  561  extending from a bottom of said enclosure cap, the threaded shaft  561  includes an opening through which the light fixture power supply wires  576  extend. The wires  576  also extend through an opening in the driver mounting bracket  556  and are coupled to the LED driver assembly  554  and in some embodiments the circuitry  3000  of the driver assembly  554  or the circuitry shown in  FIG. 30G . With respect to the circuitry  3000  and the circuitry shown in  FIG. 30G , the wires  576  attach to input terminals, e.g., input terminals  3002  and  3004  of  FIG. 30  or input terminals labelled 12V AC of diagram  3099  of  FIG. 30G . 
     The LED light assembly  565  also includes a sealing glue  563  inserted in the opening in the threaded shaft  561  of the enclosure cap  560  and which seals said opening through which the light fixture power supply wires  576  extend from water entry. In some embodiments, the sealing glue  563  is a silicone glue that is applied to seal the fixture at the opening for the power supply wire entry  576 . In some embodiments, the LED light base assembly  565  includes sealing glue which fills portions of a cavity in the driver housing  540  in which the LED driver assembly  554  is mounted. The sealing glue providing a water proofing of the driver assembly  554  in addition to the water proofing provided by the use of the seal  546 , top gasket  550  and bottom gasket  558 . In some embodiments, the sealing glue is a silicone material which acts as a potting material for the driver assembly and which stabilizes, secures and waterproofs the driver assembly  554  within the cavity of the driver housing  540 . 
     The LED light base assembly  565  enclosure cap  560  includes a top threaded portion which is screwed into the driver housing  540  and includes two screw holes through which driver enclosure cap screws  562  extend. The screws  562  secure the driver mounting bracket  556  on which the driver assembly  554  is mounted to the enclosure cap  560  thereby securing the driver assembly  554  in the cavity of the driver housing  540 . In some embodiments the driver enclosure cap screws  562  are made of stainless steel. The enclosure cap screws  562  are used to secure the enclosure cap  560  in place. Hole  560 A is one of the two holes through which the two enclosure cap screws  562  is extended. The other hole through which the second enclosure cap screw is extended is not shown but is located approximately 180 degrees from the hole  560 A. 
     Diagram  3602  of  FIG. 36  illustrates a cross sectional view of the driver housing  540  when it is assembled with the enclosure cap screwed on and it is housing the LED driver and other components. Diagram  3602  shows among other things the sealing bottom gasket  558 , the enclosure cap  560 , and the enclosure cap screws  562 . 
     Diagram  3604  of  FIG. 36  shows the driver housing  540  with portions  540 A and  540 B, the sealing gasket  558 , the surface on the driver housing  540  into which the gasket  558  fits, the enclosure cap  560  and the enclosure cap screws  562 . 
     Returning once again to  FIG. 6B , in some embodiments the driver housing  540  includes a mechanical hard stop raised surface or ridge  574  to prevent the over-turning of the potentiometer  555  as previously discussed. In some embodiments, the hard stop ridge  574  is molded into the driver housing  540 . 
     Referring now briefly to  FIGS. 35 and 6B  the dimming control knob  548  will be discussed further. The dimming control knob  548  includes a raised stop tab  3509  on the opposite side, from the face of the dimming control knob  548 , i.e., on the rear side of the knob, that engages the mechanical hard stop  574  (see  FIG. 6B ) in the driver housing  540  when turned the maximum allowable amount. 
     The potentiometer  555  is actuated by the dimming control knob  548  to achieve dimming of the light output of the LED fixture. The lower portion of  FIG. 35  includes diagram  548 A which illustrates a view of the rear side of the dimming knob showing the dimming knob shaft  549  and a ridge  549 A in the end of the dimming knob shaft  549 . The dimming knob shaft end with ridge  549 A snaps or is fitted securely into a groove in the rotatable control  555 A of the potentiometer  555 . In some embodiments, the dimming knob shaft is secured using glue, a clip or the securing device. Diagram  3502  shows the dimming control knob  548  side view  548 A so the back of the dimming control knob is shown with a seal also sometimes referred to as a gasket  546  fitted onto the dimming control knob  548 . The seal  546  has a tapered shape and can be made of rubber, silicone or another flexible material which provides a watertight seal while still allowing the knob  548  to rotate. 
     Turning now from  FIG. 35  back to  FIG. 6B  it is noted that the LED light base assembly  565  shown in  FIG. 6B  and described above can be used in a variety of different lighting fixtures such as for example in LED landscape flood light fixtures. Diagram  1600  of  FIG. 16  shows the LED light base assembly  565  being used in an exemplary LED landscape flood light though not all of the components are shown in as much detail as described in  FIG. 6B . 
     In an exemplary embodiment of an LED light base assembly ( 565 ), the LED light base assembly includes a driver housing ( 540 ) including a base portion ( 540 A) including a control knob opening in a wall of the base portion; an LED driver assembly ( 554 ) including a potentiometer ( 555 ); a sealing O-ring ( 546 ); and a dimming control knob ( 548 ) including a shaft portion ( 549 ) (see  FIG. 35 ), said O-ring ( 546 ) being positioned between a rear side ( 548 A) (see  FIG. 35 ) of said dimming knob  548  and a surface ( 535 ) of said wall of the base portion ( 540 A) of the driver housing, said shaft of said dimming control knob ( 549 ) being in physical contact with a rotatable control of said potentiometer ( 555 A), said O-ring ( 546 ) providing a water tight seal between the dimming control knob ( 548 ) and the surface of said wall of the base portion ( 540 A) of the driver housing ( 540 ). 
     In some embodiments, the LED light base portion ( 540 A) of the LED light base assembly includes a top portion ( 551 ) including a flat surface, said flat surface including a top opening (not shown need figure from bottom view) through which at least a first wire ( 578 ) extends, said first wire ( 578 ) being coupled to said LED driver assembly ( 554 ). In some embodiments, the LED light base assembly ( 565 ) also includes a top gasket ( 550 ) through which said wire ( 578 ) extends through said top portion of the driver housing ( 540 ) for sealing said top opening. 
     In some embodiments, the LED light base assembly ( 565 ) also includes an insulating film ( 552 ) covering a top portion of said LED driver assembly, said top gasket ( 550 ) being positioned between the insulating film ( 552 ) and a bottom surface of the top portion of the LED driver housing ( 540 ). 
     In some embodiments, the LED light base assembly ( 565 ) also includes an enclosure cap ( 560 ) inserted into a recess in the bottom of said driver housing ( 540 ); and a bottom gasket ( 558 ), said bottom gasket ( 558 ) being positioned between a top lip of the enclosure cap and a bottom surface of said recess in the bottom of said driver housing ( 540 ). 
     In some embodiments, the enclosure cap ( 560 ) of the LED light base assembly ( 565 ) includes a threaded shaft ( 561 ) extending from a bottom of the enclosure cap, the threaded shaft including an opening through which at least one light fixture power supply wire ( 576 ) extends. 
     In some embodiments, the LED light base assembly ( 565 ) also includes a sealing glue ( 563 ) inserted in the opening in the threaded shaft ( 561 ) of the enclosure cap ( 560 ) and sealing said opening through which the at least one light fixture power supply wire ( 576 ) extends from water entry. 
     In some embodiments, the sealing glue fills portions of a cavity in said driver housing ( 540 ) in which said LED driver assembly ( 554 ) is mounted, said sealing glue providing water proofing of said driver assembly ( 554 ) in addition to the water proofing provided by the use of said sealing O-ring ( 546 ), top gasket ( 550 ) and bottom gasket ( 558 ). In some embodiments of the LED light base assembly ( 565 ), the sealing glue is a silicone material which acts as a potting material for said driver assembly ( 554 ) and which stabilizes, secures and waterproofs said driver assembly within the cavity of said driver housing ( 540 ). 
     In some embodiments of the LED light base assembly ( 565 ), the enclosure cap ( 560 ) includes a top threaded portion which is screwed into the driver housing ( 540 ) and includes at least one screw hole through which a screw ( 562 ) extends to secure a driver mounting bracket ( 556 ) on which said driver assembly ( 554 ) is mounted to the enclosure cap ( 560 ) and secured within the cavity of the driver housing ( 540 ). 
     In some embodiments, the bottom gasket of the LED light base assembly is an O ring ( 558 ). 
     In some embodiments, the sealing O-ring ( 546 ), top gasket ( 550 ) and bottom gasket ( 558 ) of the LED light base assembly are made of silicone or rubber. 
     In some embodiments, the LED light base assembly further includes a tilting mechanism ( 538 ) secured to said driver housing ( 540 ) and to a light fixture main body ( 532 ), and a tilting mechanism lock screw ( 542 ). In some of such embodiments, the LED light base assembly further includes a first tilting mechanism gasket ( 538 ) positioned to fit within a recess around an opening of said tilting mechanism through which said tilting mechanism lock screw extends ( 542 ), the first tilting mechanism gasket sealing the LED driver housing ( 540 ) and the tilting mechanism ( 536 ) from entry of water; and a second tilting mechanism gasket ( 534 ) positioned to fit around an opening in a top portion of the tilting mechanism  538  through which at least one wire extends and to seal said tilting mechanism ( 538 ) from entry of water. 
     In some embodiments, the second tilting mechanism gasket  534  is further positioned to fit between said tilting mechanism  538  and a fixture main body  532 , said second tilting mechanism gasket ( 534 ) further sealing said fixture main body ( 532 ) from entry of water. 
     In an LED landscape light fixture embodiment, the LED landscape light fixture comprises: an LED light source ( 528 ) and an LED light base assembly ( 565 ), said LED light base assembly including: a driver housing ( 540 ) including a base portion ( 540 A) including a control knob opening in a wall of the base portion; an LED driver assembly ( 554 ) including a potentiometer ( 555 ); a sealing O-ring ( 546 ); and a dimming control knob ( 548 ) including a shaft portion ( 549 ) (see  FIG. 35 ) said shaft portion including a ridge  549 A that snaps into a rotatable control portion  555 A of the potentiometer  555 , said O-ring ( 546 ) being positioned between a rear side ( 548 A need figure) of said dimming knob  548  and a surface ( 535 ) of said wall of the base portion ( 540 A) of the driver housing, said shaft of said dimming control knob ( 549 ) being in physical contact with a rotatable control of said potentiometer ( 555 A), said O-ring ( 546 ) providing a water tight seal between the dimming control knob ( 548 ) and the surface of said wall of the base portion ( 540 A) of the driver housing ( 540 ). In some embodiments, the LED landscape light fixture is a spot light. In some embodiments, the LED landscape light fixture is a flood light fixture. 
     In some embodiments in which the LED landscape light fixture is a landscape flood light fixture ( 1802 ), the light fixture includes an asymmetric light reflector ( 1820 ), said asymmetric light reflector positioned in front of said LED light source ( 1810 ) and providing an asymmetrical light output distribution ( 1900 ) from the light fixture. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates various features of an exemplary embodiment of a LED landscape flood light. 
     Diagram  1300  of  FIG. 13  is a drawing of a side view of the LED landscape flood light  1200  of  FIG. 12  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape flood light. Diagram  1300  illustrates that in the exemplary embodiment the fixture is 6⅛ inches high measured from the fixture securing nut to the top of the flood light and 3¾ inches in length. 
     Diagram  1400  of  FIG. 14  is a drawing of a front view of the LED landscape flood light  1200  of  FIG. 12  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape flood light. Diagram  1400  shows that the LED light assembly base is 3 inches in height. 
     Diagram  1500  of  FIG. 15  is a drawing of a bottom view of the LED landscape flood light  1200  of  FIG. 12  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape flood light. Diagram  1500  shows that flood light width is 4⅜ inches. While various dimensions are shown in the Figures, these dimensions are only exemplary in nature. For figures are not drawn to scale as emphasis is placed on explaining the invention and it should be appreciated that the invention is applicable to fixtures and parts of differing dimensions. 
     Diagram  1600  of  FIG. 16  is a drawing illustrating an exploded of a number of components of the exemplary LED landscape flood light  1200  of  FIG. 12  showing various features and components of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape flood light. The LED landscape flood light fixture  1600  includes an upper LED flood light assembly  1633  connected to a mounting bracket tilting mechanism  536  of a lower LED light assembly  565  also referred to as a LED light base assembly  565 . The LED light base assembly  565  is the same as the LED light base assembly  565  described in connection with landscape spot light LED base assembly  565  and will not be described in detail again. Diagram  1633  of  FIG. 17  is a drawing illustrating an exploded view of the upper flood light assembly of the exemplary LED landscape flood light  1200  of  FIG. 12 . The upper LED flood light assembly is secured to the LED light base assembly  565  with the tilting mechanism mounting bracket  536  also shown in  FIG. 18 . 
     Components and features of the upper flood light assembly  1633  will now be explained in further detail in connection with  FIG. 17 . Accessory lens clip  1602  is used to attach the lens accessories to the fixture main body  1628 . One or more of the accessory main clips are used for this purpose. In the exemplary embodiment shown two accessory lens clips are utilized. In some embodiments, the accessory lens clips are made of stainless steel. The accessory lens  1604  is in many but not in all cases made of glass and is used to change the spectrum of light. The accessory lens  1604  can be made of different colors and in some embodiments is made of plastic. The fixture main body cover screws  1606  are used to secure the fixture main body cover in place. 
     In some embodiments, the fixture main body cover screws are made of stainless steel. fixture main body cover  1608  is in some embodiments made of cast aluminum and is used to secure the main body cover in place. The sealing glass  1610  in some embodiments is made of tempered glass and is use to seal the fixture from environmental conditions while still letting light pass through it. The sealing glass is translucent. The sealing glass  1610  protects the internal components housed in the fixture main body  1628  including the light source  1624  and electrical connections to the light source from entry of water and dirt. The reflector  1612  is used to change the light beam output pattern of the light source  1624 . The reflector  1612  is in some embodiments made of polycarbonate. In some embodiments the reflector  1612  is symmetrical while in other embodiments the reflector is asymmetrical as will be described in further detail in connection with  FIGS. 18 and 19 . The light source  1624  is an LED (light emitting diode) which is a semiconductor that converts electricity to light. The LED light source  1624  is held in place in a cavity of the fixture main body  1628  by a LED holder  1622 . The LED holder  1622  in some embodiments is made of plastic. The LED holder  1622  attaches to the fixture main body and hold the LED light source  1624  in place. The LED holder may, and in some embodiments is, attached to the fixture main body using snaps, screws and/or glue. The fixture main body  1628  is a housing containing a cavity. The fixture main body  1628  is generally rectangular in shape and is used to house components of the flood light upper assembly such as the light emitter  1624 . Wires  578  (see  FIG. 6B ) are threaded through an opening in the bottom of the fixture main body  1628  and connected or coupled to the LED light source  1624 . 
     The gasket  1626  is used as a seal between the fixture main body  1628  and the fixture main body cover  1608 . In some embodiments, the gasket  1626  is made of a silicone material. The gasket  1626  prevents the intrusion of water and dirt into the fixture main body  1628  protecting the components inside including the LED  1624 . The LED protection layer glass  1620  is made of glass and protects the LED from potential moisture build-up. The gasket  1618  is used to seal the LED protection layer  1620  and in some embodiments is made of silicone. The LED protection layer faceplate  1616  is used secure the LED protection layer and gasket  1618  in place. The LED protection screws  1614  are used to secure the LED protection layer faceplate to the fixture main body  1628 . In some embodiments, the LED protection plate screws are made of stainless steel. As previously explained the upper flood light assembly is secured to the tilting mechanism bracket  536  of the lower light assembly  565 . The tilting mechanism  536  extends into the fixture main body  1628  through an opening in the bottom surface of the fixture main body  1628  and is secured to the fixture main body  1628  using one or more screws. One or more seals  536 , e.g., gaskets are used to seal the opening through which the tilting mechanism extends into the cavity of the fixture main body  1628 . In the same manner as described in connection with the flood light  100 . In some embodiments, at least a portion of the fixture main body  1628  is filled with a silicone material to seal the housing of the fixture main body and protect the components such as the LED light emitter  1624  fixed in the fixture main body cavity from damage due to the entry of water and dirt. The hole or holes through which the wires  578  enter the fixture main body  1628  are sealed from the intrusion of water and dirt using a gasket, O-ring and/or silicone material such as silicone glue. 
     Diagram  1800  of  FIG. 18  is a drawing illustrating a front view of an exemplary embodiment of a landscape flood light with an asymmetric reflector. 
     Diagram  1802  of  FIG. 18  is a drawing illustrating a cross sectional view of section A-A of the landscape flood light  1802  with a scale of 1:1.5. The asymmetric reflector  1820  is position in front of the LED light source  1810  to so that light the flood light fixture produces an asymmetrical light pattern. Diagram  1900  of  FIG. 19  is an asymmetrical light distribution chart for the landscape flood light  1802 . One of the benefits of the use of the asymmetric reflector is the superior light distribution. The asymmetric projection of light provided by the landscape flood light  1802  with asymmetric reflector  1820  distributes light in a superior manner so that it covers a wide area of the ground to ensure safety with maximum efficiency. 
     Diagram  1900  of  FIG. 19  will now be described in further detail. 
     Diagram  1900  is a polar luminous intensity graph or chart that illustrates the distribution of luminous intensity, in candelas, for the transverse (solid line) and axial (dashed line) planes of the landscape flood light with an asymmetric light reflector. The LED light fixture is located at the center and the lines radiating out from the center depict the angles and concentric lines depict the decreasing luminous intensity. The curve shows the asymmetric distribution of light that will be produced by the landscape flood light with the asymmetric light reflector. Reference  1906  identify the units are in cd (candelas). The average beam angle (50%): 65.8 degrees. The reference  1902  points to the polar graph. Reference  1904  points to the −/+180 degree position on the graph. 
     Reference numbers  1906 ,  1908 ,  1910  are the legend for the graph. The reference  1906  identifies that the units are cd (candelas). The reference  1908  identifies that the solid line (transverse plane)  1930  shown on the graph is for c0/180, 83.3 degrees and that the reference  1910  indicates that the dashed line (axial plane)  1920  shown on the graph is for c90/270, 48.2 degrees. 
     Diagram  2000  of  FIG. 20  is a drawing illustrating various features of an exemplary embodiment of a LED landscape inground light fixture. 
     Diagram  2100  of  FIG. 21  is a drawing of a top view of the LED landscape inground light fixture  2000  shown in  FIG. 20  illustrating various features of the exemplary embodiment of the LED inground light fixture. Diagram  2100  illustrates that in the exemplary embodiment the fixture has a diameter of 4⅝ inches. 
     Diagram  2200  of  FIG. 22  is a drawing of a side view of the LED landscape inground light fixture  2000  of  FIG. 20 . In the exemplary embodiment the fixture is 6¼ inches high. 
     While various dimensions are shown in the Figures, these dimensions are only exemplary in nature. The figures are not drawn to scale as emphasis is placed on explaining the invention and the invention is applicable to fixtures and parts of differing dimensions. 
     Diagram  2300  of  FIG. 23  is a drawing illustrating an exploded view of the exemplary LED landscape inground light fixture also referred to as an LED landscape inground light assembly  2000  of  FIG. 20  showing the details of various features and components of the exemplary embodiment of the LED landscape inground light. Various components of the LED landscape in ground light assembly  2300 , also referred to as light fixture  2300 , will now be described with reference to  FIG. 23 . 
     The LED landscape inground fixture  2300  includes structures for on-board light beam angle control, beam direction control, and control of wattage adjustments. In some embodiments, a user can adjust the light beam angle to be one of a plurality of different predetermined settings, e.g., a 15 degree, 30 degree, 45 degree or 60 degree setting allowing the light beam angle to be set from a spot position to a flood position. In other embodiments other beam angle changes are possible. By using fixed settings, a user can easily configure a plurality of lights  2300  to the same setting for an installation and obtain predictable results. 
     In addition to beam angle settings, the light fixture  2300  supports a plurality of different light output and/or wattage settings. In some embodiments, a user can adjust the wattage from 2 to 16 while the fixture is allowed to operate in a range of 9-15 volts AC or DC with these ranges being exemplary and not limiting. 
     The LED landscape inground assembly  2300  includes seals, e.g., gaskets (flat or custom shaped to match the objects or specific surfaces to be sealed), O rings and/or other flexible shaped seals. One or more of the seals may be, and in some embodiments are, made of silicone material with the seal or seals protecting the light fixture from the intrusion of water and dirt thereby providing a water proof or water resistant fixture which is also resistant to dirt. The use of LEDs as the light source provides a cost and energy savings over the use of other light sources such as incandescent bulbs and provides multiple lumen output ranges comparable to 10 W-75 W MR 16 halogen lights. 
     An LED landscape inground light, implemented in accordance with one or more features, may and in some embodiments is used to provide accent lighting. The accent lighting in such a case may be and often is directional lighting that draws attention to a displayed object such as for example a statue or tree, or surface, or to highlight, dramatize, and focus attention on a defined space such as a garden or position on a monument or stage. The LED landscape inground light may also be used to illuminate defined spaces such as walkways, entrance ways, driveways, roads, gardens, fields, play areas, and pools. In such applications it may be desirable to set multiple light fixtures  2300  to the same beam angle setting and arrange the light fixtures in a row or predetermined pattern with the ability to set the light fixtures to fixed beam angles and/or wattage settings allowing for a flexible use of the lights with predictable lighting results. 
     The light fixture  2300  includes face plate screws  2302 , rock guard accessory  2304 , fixture housing cover  2306 , fixture housing seal  2308 , e.g., a gasket, transparent seal  2310 , e.g., sealing glass, accessory lens  2312 , a movable light assembly  2313  which includes a retainer nut  2314 , a beam angle changing lens  2316 , a beam angle changing dial  2318 , a lens retainer  2320 , e.g., snap ring or clip, a LED holder  2322 , a light source  2324  which in this exemplary embodiment is a LED, a tilting mechanism screw  2326 , a tilting mechanism  2328  and an upper fixture main body  2330  arranged as shown in  FIG. 23 . In some embodiments the beam angle changing lens  2316  has an outer flange and is inserted into the beam angle changing dial  2318  from the bottom with the flange of the beam angle changing lens  2316  being placed against a bottom of a flange at the top of the beam angle changing dial  2318  with the retaining snap  2320  being placed in a grove in the inside wall of the beam angle changing dial  2318  holding the lens  2316  securely against the bottom of the flange located at the top of the beam angle changing dial  2318 . The beam angle changing dial  2318  includes pins extending out from the sides of the dial  2318  which can be used to support the beam angle changing dial  2318  in horizontal slots  2405  in the sidewall of the upper main fixture body  2330 . Thus in some embodiments the beam angle changing dial  2318  has at least one or more guide pins  2319  (see  FIG. 24 ) which can be moved in beam angle changing channels, also referred to as horizontal slots  2405  and vertical slots  2403  of the upper fixture main body  2330 . 
     The light fixture  2300  further includes a lower fixture main body  2332  which supports the moveable light assembly  2313  in one of a plurality of tilt positions depending on the user setting of the tilt angle. 
     The beam angle changing dial  2318  of the movable light assembly  2313 , also sometimes referred to a beam angle control dial  2318 , is made of cast aluminum but other materials such as plastic may be used. 
     The beam angle changing dial  2318  houses the element to be moved which as discussed with regard to other embodiments can be either the beam angle changing lens  2316  or the LED light emitter  2324  and enables the relative distance between the LED light source and the beam angle changing lens to vary by moving up or down in the upper fixture main body  2330 . Accordingly, the element held in the beam angle changing dial is retained in the dial by retainer clip  2320 . The retainer nut  2314  is in some embodiments made of aluminum. The beam angle changing lens  2316  is in most but not all embodiments is made of plastic but can be made of other materials such as for example glass. The retainer nut  2314  is shown in this exemplary embodiment as holding the beam angle changing lens  2316  in place. The beam angle changing lens  2316  changes the focus of the light when the distance between it and the light source is changed for example when the beam angle changing lens  2316  is moved up or down in the upper fixture main body  2330  relative to a fixed LED light source  2324 . In some embodiments, the upper fixture main body  2330  is made of cast aluminum but other material such as for example plastic may and in some embodiments is used. 
     The light source  2324  in each of the various embodiments converts electrical energy (electricity) into light. In this example the light source is a light emitting diode, such as for example a semiconductor LED. In some embodiments, the light source is an LED that operates on low voltage for example 12V or 24V. In some embodiment the light output is white light and reaches an output of up to 900 lumens or approximately 900 lumens. In some particular embodiments, the LED produces a warm white light 2700K Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) or approximately 2700K CCT. In some embodiments, the LED light source produces a pure white light 3000K CCT or approximately 3000 CCT. In some embodiments, the LED is an Organic LED (OLED). In some embodiments, the light source is a combined LED and OLED. In some embodiments, the light source is a polymer light-emitting diode (PLED). The light source  2324  in some embodiments is an LED module or assembly including a plurality of separate LEDs that produce light. 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 23  the beam angle changing dial  2318  houses the beam angle changing lens  2316 . After the beam angle changing dial  2318  with the beam angle changing lens  2316  mounted therein is inserted into the slots of the upper fixture main body  2330  the top of the vertical slots  2403  (see  FIG. 24 ) are closed off by screwing the retaining nut  2314  onto threads  2417  at the top of the fixture main body portion  2330 . 
     The light fixture  2300  further includes a lower fixture main body  2332 . 
     The lower fixture main body  2332  is in most but not all embodiments made of cast aluminum. The lower fixture main body  2332  supports the upper fixture main body  2330  at one of a plurality of tilt angles which are selectable by a user. The tilt angles may be 0 degrees, 15 degrees, etc. 
     The lower fixture main body  2332  also houses an LED driver assembly  2336  which can be used to set the wattage and/or light output of the LED light source  2324  to which the LED driver assembly  2336  supplies power. 
     A control knob  2334  is positioned on the lower side portion of the lower fixture main body  2332  and has a drive or shaft portion which extends through an opening in the lower fixture main body  2332  and interfaces with and mechanically drives a moveable element of a potentiometer on the LED driver assembly  2336 . The knob  2334  may be, and in some embodiments is, the same as or similar to the knob  548  shown and described in  FIGS. 6B, 16 and 35 . The LED driver assembly  2336  may be and in some embodiments is the same as or similar to the LED driver assembly  554  shown and described with regard to  FIGS. 6B and 16 . A seal  546  shown in  FIG. 35  is used in some embodiments to seal the lower fixture main body  2332  at the point the shaft of the knob  2334  passes through the lower fixture main body and comes into contact with the moveable element of the potentiometer of the LED driver assembly  2336 . The seal may be and in some embodiments is the same or similar to the seal  546  shown in  FIG. 35 . 
     The movable light assembly  2313  is mounted in the lower fixture main body  2332  which has the LED driver assembly  2336  mounted in its base. Wires from the LED driver assembly extend from the LED driver assembly through the bottom of the moveable light assembly  2313  to supply power to the LED light source  2324  mounted in the bottom of the fixture main body  2330  which is tilt-able. The lower portion of the base through which wires enter and in which the LED driver assembly  2336  is located is sealed from the bottom in some embodiments with silicone glue for waterproofing purposes. Thus, where wires pass through a hole in the bottom of lower fixture main body  2332  and extend to the LED driver assembly  2336  to which they are electrically connected to provide power to the driver assembly  2336 , the lower fixture main body  2332  is sealed with glue with the driver assembly  2336  being potted, e.g., set into, the glue to provide a water tight seal at the bottom of the lower fixture main body  2332 . 
     The moveable light assembly  2313  and lower fixture main body  2332  is inserted into a fixture housing  2338  which in some embodiments is in the form of a finned cylinder that is closed on the bottom and has a flange on the top to which the fixture housing cover  2306  can be secured with screws  2302 . In some embodiments O rings  2340  are placed around an upper portion of the fixture housing body  2338  to form a water tight seal against the walls of a container, e.g., fixture pot which may be set in concrete, into which the light fixture  2300  may be inserted. Wires may and in some embodiments do pass through an electrical connector  2344  with a locking nut that may be and in some embodiments is threaded into a hole located in the bottom of the housing body  2338 . The electrical connector  2344  may be and sometimes is in the form of a hollow threaded shift, rubber seal and locking nut. The wires providing power to the fixture pass through the hollow threaded shaft which is inserted into and secured to a hole in the bottom of the fixture housing  2338 , e.g., by a nut or thread. The wires pass through the rubber washer or seal which is compressed around the wires as the locking nut is tightened onto the threaded shaft of the connector  2344 . The use of the seal is optional with the silicone glue alone being used in some embodiments to seal the connector. The seal and/or silicone glue seal the electrical connector  2344  and sealing the bottom opening in the housing body  2338  through which the electrical power supply wires pass before reaching the LED driver assembly  2336 . In some embodiments an optional pressure equalizer  2342  is inserted into the bottom of the housing  2338  allowing gas and air to vent between the fixture housing  2338 , which is sealed by the translucent seal  2310  (e.g., glass seal) and cover seal  2308 , and the external environment or interior of a mounting canister in which the light fixture  2300  may be placed. The pressure equalizer  2342  allows pressure to equalize between the inside of the fixture housing  2338  and exterior of the fixture housing  2338 . Diagram  3400  of  FIG. 34  illustrates various different perspective views of an exemplary optional pressure equalizer  2342 . The pressure equalizer  2342  in one embodiment is a screw  3402  (cross sectional side view shown) with one or more vent holes covered by a semi-permeable fabric  3403  that allows air to pass through but does not allow other particles such as water and dirt from passing through. In one such embodiment, the semi-permeable fabric is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material. The screw shaft is sealed against the housing of the lighting fixture with a seal  3404 . Various perspective views (top views  3406 , side view  3408 , a top cross section view  3416  showing the semi-permeable fabric  3403  inside the cap of the screw, the cap including vents, and angled perspective views  3410  and  3414  are illustrated. 
     The arrangement and function of various elements of the light fixture assembly  2300  will now be explained in greater detail. 
     The optional rock guard accessory  2304  in some embodiments is made of aluminum. In some other embodiments the rock guard accessory  2304  is made of brass. The rock guard accessory  2304  protect the elements of the fixture beneath the guard  2304  from possible damage that may be caused by small rocks, gravel and pebbles. The rock guard accessory  2304 , when used, is secured to the top flange of the fixture housing  2338  with screws  2302  which pass through the rock guard assembly  2304  and cover  2306  and into threaded holes in the flange located in the fixture housing  2338 . When not used the screws  2302  secure the cover  2306  to the top flange of the fixture housing  2338 . 
     The face plate screws  2302  in some embodiments are made of stainless steel and as explained are used to secure external accessories such as for example rock guard  2304  and/or glare control accessories including a glare shield  2348  to the fixture housing  2338 . The face plate screws  2302  may extend through holes or slots in the accessory, through holes in the fixture housing cover  2306  also referred to as a face plate and into a threaded portions, e.g., holes, in the top flange of the fixture housing  2338 . 
     Optional glare and light shaping or patterning accessories including the glare shield  2348 , snoot accessory  2350 , cross louver accessory  2352 , and light pattern accessory  2354  can be secured to the fixture housing  2338  using face plate screws  2302 . In many but not all embodiments, these accessories are made from either aluminum or brass and are typically used in place of the rock guard accessory. The glare shield  2348 , snoot accessory  2350  and cross louver accessory  2352  are used to control glare and/or shield the light output of the light fixture to achieve a desired lighting effect. The light pattern accessory is an accessory which when the light from light source passes through creates a light pattern. 
     While various accessories may be placed over the cover  2306 , protective glass  2310  which is mounted in a groove of the seal  2308  is used to seal the top of the fixture housing. When the cover  2306  is secured to the flange of the fixture housing  2338  it compresses the seal  2308  and forces it out against the inner sidewall of the fixture housing  2338  as well as against the top of the fixture housing  2338  and the bottom of the cover  2306 . In this manner the seal  2308  into which the protective glass  2310  is inserted seals the top opening of the fixture housing  2338  with the movable tiltable light assembly  2313  and lower fixture body  2332  inside. 
     In some embodiments an optional accessory lens  2312  is used to control or select the spectrum of the light emitted from the light fixture  2300 . The accessory lens may be and in some embodiments is positioned beneath the protective cover glass  2310  above the beam changing lens  2316 . The accessory lens  2312  may sit over the locking nut  2314 . In some embodiments the accessory lens  2312  is made of colored glass. In some other embodiments, the accessory lens  2312  is made of plastic. The accessory lens  2312  in some embodiments acts as a color filter allowing light of the desired color to pass out of the light fixture but blocks light of other colors by filtering out the undesired colors. 
     The transparent seal  2310  in some embodiments is tempered glass. The transparent seal  2310  seals and protects the light fixture from environmental conditions such as the entry of water and/or dirt that may damage the internal components In some embodiments, translucent plastic is used for the transparent seal  2310  instead of tampered glass. 
     Box  2346  illustrates several exemplary optional accessories for the spotlight fixture including glare shield accessory  2348 , snoot accessory  2350 , cross louver accessory  2352  and light pattern accessory  2354  which may be used in place of or in combination with the rock guard accessory  2304 . One or more of the accessories may be, and in some embodiments are, used with inground fixture  2000 . Other external accessories such as hoods and grills may, and in some embodiments are, used with the light fixture and can be replaced without affecting the water tight seal of the fixture. In some embodiments, one or more of these accessories may replace the rock guard accessory which is an optional component of the light fixture  2000 . The accessories are secured using face plate screws  2302 . 
     The light fixture  2300  and the adjustments which can be made will now be explained further with reference to  FIG. 24  which shows various elements of the light fixture  2300  in greater detail. Elements which are the same in  FIG. 24  as  FIG. 23  are identified using the same reference numbers. 
     In  FIG. 24  the retaining nut  2314  which can be screwed onto the thread portion  2417  at the top of the upper fixture main body  2330  can be seen positioned over the changing dial  2318  in which the beam changing lens  2316  is mounted. The beam angle changing dial  2318  includes pins  2319 , e.g., one per side, which extend out from the wall of the beam angle changing dial  2318 . The pins  2319  support the beam angle changing dial  2318  in one of the horizontal slots  2405 . Thus, as the pair of pins  2319  are held in a pair of horizontal slots  2405  on different sides of the upper fixture main body the element holder beam angle changing dial  2318  and therein the movable light assembly  2313  will be held in corresponding horizontal slots  2405  positioned at the same distance from the bottom of upper fixture main body  2330 . The side wall  2404  is the side wall of the vertical slot  2403 . 
     To change the beam angle, a user moves the beam angle changing dial  2318  so that the pins  2319  can travel along the vertical slots  2403  to reach the horizontal slots  2405  corresponding to a desired beam angle setting. For example, the horizontal slot  2401  is used for a 60 degree beam angle setting. The end of each horizontal slot is elongated. Reference numeral  2407  points to the elongated end of the horizontal slot for 15 degrees. The beam angle setting is indicated by a corresponding beam angle indication  2408 ,  2410 ,  2412 ,  2414  printed, engraved or otherwise indicated on the outside of the upper fixture main body  2330 . By moving the pins from one horizontal slot to another the beam angle can be changed. In some embodiments the beam angle indicators  2418 ,  2416  are also included on the inside wall of the upper fixture main body  2330 . During adjustment the user can see the beam angle indicators marked on the outside of the upper fixture main body  2330  and once assembled can see the markers on the inside of the fixture main body  2330  by looking down through the top of the fixture  2300  and the lens  2316 . Thus, even when assembled in some embodiments a user can see the beam angle to which the light fixture  2300  has been set. 
     Once the pins  2319  are aligned in the vertical slots  2403  with the horizontal slots  2405  corresponding to the desired beam angle setting the user rotates the beam angle holder  2318  by hand moving the pins  2319  into the horizontal slots  2405  corresponding to the desired beam angle. Notably, the end of the horizontal slots is enlarged relating to the portion adjacent the vertical slots. The O rings  2321  compress while passing through the narrow portion of the horizontal slots  2405  while enlarging slightly when reaching the end of the slots to hold the pins  2319  snugly and securely at the end of the horizontal slots  2405 . Once set at the desired position the O rings  2321  serve to keep the pins  2319  at the end of the slots  2405  while also protecting the element holder  2318  from minor vibrations through a dampening effect. Cooling fins  2402  are included at the bottom of the upper fixture main body  2330  to help in dissipating heat generated by the LED light source  2324  mounted in the bottom of the upper fixture main body  2330   
     Illustration  2448  shows the various components shown on the left side of  FIG. 24  in assembled form with the beam angle changing dial pins  2319  set in the horizontal slot corresponding to the 60 degree beam angle position indicated by marker  2414 . The beam angle changing dial  2318  can be rotated horizontally and be moved up and down vertically within the upper fixture main body  2330  with the guide pins  2319  of the beam angle changing dial  2318  moving along the horizontal slots  2405  and vertical slots  2403  of the upper fixture main body  2330  as indicated by the curved arrows identified by reference number  2465 . 
       FIG. 25A through 25D  illustrate the moveable light assembly  2313  of the light fixture  2300  set at different beam angles. 
       FIG. 25A  shows an illustration  2502  of the moveable light assembly  2313  set at 15 degrees producing a light beam output  2504  of 15 degrees. Note that the distance D 1   2506  between the beam angle changing lens  2316  and the light source  2324  is relatively large resulting in a narrow 15 degree beam angle. 
       FIG. 25B  shows an illustration  2522  of the moveable light assembly  2313  set at 30 degrees producing a 30 degree light beam output  2524 . Note that the distance D 2   2526  between the beam angle changing lens  2316  and the light source  2324  is relatively large, but smaller than D 1 , resulting in a 30 degree beam angle of emitted light. 
       FIG. 25C  shows an illustration  2532  of the moveable light assembly  2313  set at 45 degrees producing a 45 degree light beam output  2534 . Note that the distance D 3   2536  between the beam angle changing lens  2316  and the light source  2324  is small, i.e., smaller than D 1  and D 2 , resulting in a 45 degree beam angle of emitted light. 
       FIG. 25D  shows an illustration  2542  of the moveable light assembly  2313  set at 60 degrees producing a 60 degree light beam output  2544 . Note that the distance D 4   2546  between the beam angle changing lens  2316  and the light source  2324  is set to the smallest supported setting, i.e., D 4  is smaller than D 1 , D 2  and D 3 , resulting in a 60 degree beam angle of emitted light. 
       FIGS. 26A through 26D  shows an exemplary moveable light assembly  2313 ′ which can be used in the inground light fixture shown in  FIG. 2300  in place of the moveable light assembly  2313 . The construction of the movable light assembly  2313 ′ is similar to that of the assembly  2313  but with beam angle changing lens  2316  being set at a fixed position at the top of the moveable light assembly  2313 ′ and with the light emitter  2324  being mounted in the moveable element holder held in the horizontal slots of the upper fixture main body  2330  at a position determined based on the desired beam angle. 
       FIG. 26A  shows an illustration  2602  of the moveable light assembly  2313 ′ set at 15 degrees producing a light beam output  2604  of 15 degrees. Note that the distance D 1   2606  between the beam angle changing lens  2316  and the light source  2324  is relatively large resulting in a narrow 15 degree beam angle. 
       FIG. 26B  shows an illustration  2622  of the moveable light assembly  2313 ′ set at 30 degrees producing a light beam output  2624  of 30 degrees. Note that the distance D 2   2626  between the beam angle changing lens  2316  and the light source  2324  is relatively large, but smaller than D 1 , resulting in a 30 degree beam angle of emitted light. 
       FIG. 26C  shows an illustration  2632  of the moveable light assembly  2313 ′ set at 45 degrees producing a light beam output  2634  of 45 degrees. Note that the distance D 3   2636  between the beam angle changing lens  2316  and the light source  2324  is small, i.e., smaller than D 1  and D 2 , resulting in a 45 degree beam angle of emitted light. 
       FIG. 26D  shows an illustration  2642  of the moveable light assembly  2313 ′ set at 60 degrees producing a light beam output  2644  of 60 degrees. Note that the distance D 4   2546  between the beam angle changing lens  2316  and the light source  2324  is set to the smallest supported setting, i.e., D 4  is smaller than D 1 , D 2  and D 3 , resulting in a 60 degree beam angle of emitted light. 
       FIG. 27  illustrates various features of the exemplary embodiment of a LED landscape in ground light fixture  2000  shown in  FIG. 23 . Illustrated in  FIG. 27  are light beam aiming features, e.g., tilt, mechanisms that allow the upper fixture main body  2330  to be supported and held at one of a plurality of user selectable tilt angles. The tilting of the upper fixture main body  2330  is made possible by supporting the upper fixture main body  2330  using pivot screws  2710 ,  2712  which pass through support arms  2713 ,  2715 , respectively, at or near a center portion  2708  of the individual support arms. As the screws pass through the support arms  2713 ,  2715  of the lower fixture main body  2332  and into pivot holes  2702  (one on each side of the upper fixture main body  2330 ), they become pivots, one per side, around which the upper fixture main body  2330  can be rotated, e.g., tilted, +/−20 degrees as shown in the FIG.  27  embodiment. In some embodiments while pivot screws  2710 ,  2712  are threaded at the tip, the threads stop before reaching the screw&#39;s head so that the shaft of the screw is smooth at the point where the sides of the  2713 ,  2715  of the lower fixture main body make contact with the screws facilitating a smooth pivoting action. The tilting mechanism  2328  acts as a spring loaded stop to hold the upper fixture main body  2330  at the tilt angle to which it is set. 
     Tilting mechanism  2328  includes a screw  2326 , a stopper bracket  2329 , a stop  2706  in the form of a button or ball, and a spring  2704 . One tilting mechanism is on mounted on each side of the upper fixture main body  2330  as can be seen in illustration  2730 . Thus the lighting fixture includes both a first tilting mechanism  2328  and a second tilting mechanism  2328  one per side. 
     The screw  2326  secures the tilting mechanism stop  2328  to the side of the upper fixture main body to which it is secured as shown in views  2730  and in more detail view  2740 . The button  2706  is pressed outward by spring  2704  and protrudes slightly from a hole in the stopper bracket  2329  used to hold the button  2706  and spring  2704 . The button  2706  under spring tension will extend into one of the tilt holes  2714  holding the upper fixture main body  2330  at the tilt angle corresponding to the hole into which the button  2706  extends. A plurality of tilt angle holes can be seen in illustration  2720  with the center hole corresponding to a 0 degree tilt setting, the holes adjacent to the center hole corresponding to +/−10 degree tilt setting and the outer most holes corresponding to +/−20 degree settings respectively. As a user tilts the upper fixture main body to change tilt positions the button will be forced inward against the spring  2704  and pop out once again when aligned with another tilt hole. Thus through the use of a simple button and spring mechanism tilting of the main fixture body can be supported while also allowing for a secure retaining of the tilt position once the desired tilt position is achieved. 
     Each support arm  2713 ,  2715  of the lower fixture main body includes a vertical grove extending down from the top through the pivot point to the 0 degree tilt hole of the set of tilt holes  2714 . This facilitates insertion of the upper fixture main body with the tilting mechanism  2328  with the stop  2328  guided by the center inside slot of the support arms  2713 ,  2715  facilitating insertion of the upper fixture main body with one of the tilting stop mechanism  2328  secured to each side. 
     In some embodiments the side surfaces of the upper fixture main body in which the pivot holes  2702  are located so that once inserted into the lower fixture main body they make thermal contact with the sides of the support arms  2713 ,  2715  facilitating heat transfer from the LED light source mounted in the upper fixture main body  2330  through the support arms and down to the cooling fins located at the bottom and along the sides of the lower fixture main body. Mounted in the lower fixture main body is a power/light control indicated by the reference  2317  which includes a control knob which makes contact with a power control module. The control knob and power control module maybe the same or similar to the one described with respect to the  FIG. 5  spotlight embodiment. 
     The power control knob  2317  and wattage setting indicators is positioned at the bottom of the lower fixture main body and maybe the same or similar to the power control knob and power control module shown and used in the  FIG. 6B  spotlight embodiment. 
       FIG. 28  shows various views of an assembled exemplary in-ground light fixture, such as the fixture  2300  with the cover  2306  secured to the fixture housing  2338 . Illustration  2800  is a perspective view showing the cover and a portion of the fixture housing  2338 . Illustration  2802  is a top view of the in-ground light fixture in which the cover  2306  can be seen. Illustration  2804  is a side view of the light fixture  2300  in which the cover  2306  and fixture housing  2338  can be seen. In this view O rings  2340 , electrical connector  2334  and pressure equalizing plug  2342  can be seen. 
     Exemplary dimensions, in inches, are also shown in  FIG. 28 . Such dimensions are exemplary and not intended to be limiting. 
       FIG. 29  is a drawing illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a landscape inground light fixture such as the one shown in  FIG. 23 , when used in combination with a concrete pour canister  2910 . Use of the concrete pour canister is optional but is well suited for applications where the inground light fixture is to be set into concrete. The concrete pour canister  2910  may be set in place with electrical conduit and power lines run to one or more of the electrical connector openings which are shown at the bottom of the canister  2910  and plugged. Concrete can be poured around the canister  2910  and the light fixture  2300  subsequently inserted into the canister from above. Concrete walkways around pools are an example of one location where the canister  2910  and lighting fixture  2300  may be used in combination. 
     Illustration  2902  shows the light fixture  2300  inserted in to the canister  2910  with the face plate  2306  showing while illustration  2904  shows a top view of the canister  2910  with the in-ground light fixture inserted in the canister. Illustration  2908  shows the exemplary light fixture  2300  being placed into canister  2910 . O rings  2340  near the top of the fixture housing of the light fixture  2300  will seal against the sidewall of the canister  2910  into which the light fixture  2300  is inserted thereby providing protection against water and dirt entry into the canister  2910  while also helping to secure the light fixture in the canister  2910  in a manner that still allows for easy removal and access to the wires at the bottom of the canister  2910  which are used to supply power to the light fixture  2300 . Illustration  2906  is a side view of the inground lighting fixture  2300  and canister  2910  assembled as a unit. 
       FIG. 32  illustrates a cross sectional view  3200  and various features of an exemplary embodiment of an LED landscape inground light fixture such as the fixture  2300  of  FIG. 23  with blowups  3202 ,  3204 ,  3206  being used to show particular features in greater detail. Blow up  3202  shows the vertical and horizontal slots used to allow for beam angle adjustment by changing the horizontal slots in which the support pins  2319  of the beam angle changing dial  2318  are positioned. Slots of the type shown in illustration  3202  are found on each side of the upper fixture main body  2330 . 
     Illustration  3206  shows the tilting angle holes which would be present on the side of the upper fixture main body at the location to which illustration  3206  corresponds. 
     Illustration  3204  shows the illumination control knob as viewed from the exterior of the inground light fixture  2300  and the arrow indicating the current position setting can be seen. By turning the knob and thus the arrow indicator to the right, light output of the fixture can be increased as indicated by the + symbol and by turning the knob to the left the light output can be decreased as indicated by the − symbol. Wires  3208  are shown entering the light fixture at the bottom and extending through connector  2344 . While the full upper portion of wires  3208  are not shown in  FIG. 32 , the wires extend to input terminals on the lower portion of the driver assembly  2336  which in turn has wires which extend up through the lower and upper main fixture body portions  2332 ,  2330  to the light emitting element  2324  to supply power thereto. 
     Electrical circuits for LED light fixtures will now be described in connection with  FIGS. 30, 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D, 30E, 30F, 30G, and 31 . These electrical circuits provide on-board dimming capabilities and allow the LED light fixtures to operate over a range of DC and AC input volts such as for example 9V to 12V without compromising the LED light output. The circuits also can operate equally well from 12 V AC or 12 V DC input supplied from either a magnetic transformer or an electronic transformer. 
     The LED driver assembly of the spotlight, flood light and inground light fixtures previously described may be, and in some embodiments is, one or more of the circuits described in connection with  FIGS. 30, 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D, 30E, 30F, 30G and 31 . The LED in such circuits being the LED light sources in each of those fixtures with the circuits being connected via wires to the LED. In such embodiments, the potentiometer  555  is the potentiometer described in the dimming control circuit and the dimming control knob  548  fits into the potentiometer control  555 A so that when the dimming control knob  548  is rotated, the potentiometer control  555 A is also rotated thereby changing a portion of the resistance of the circuit in which the potentiometer is included which results in a change in the current and power supplied to the LED of the light fixture. 
       FIG. 30  is a schematic drawing of an exemplary LED circuit  3000  in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Exemplary LED circuit  3000  includes first and second AC input power source terminals ( 3002 ,  3004 ), fuse F 1   3006 , metal varistor MVR 1   3008 , diode bridge (D 1 -D 4 )  3010  including four individual diodes (D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 ) coupled together to form a full wave rectifier bridge, capacitors (C 1   3012 , C 2   3014 , C 3   1016 , C 4   3018 ), inductor L 1   3024 , capacitor C 5   3026 , Zener diode ZD 1   3028 , resistor R 8   3030 , resistor R 4   3020 , Zener diode ZD 3   3022 , IC Q 1   3032 , capacitor C 6   3034 , diode D 5   3038 , diode D 6   3036 , resistor R 9   3040 , Zener diode ZD 2   3042 , resistor R 7   3046 , capacitor C 7   3048 , capacitor C 8   3050 , resistor R 3   3044 , resistor R 2   3052 , resistor R 1   3056 , dimming control circuit  3058 , LED  3054  and ground  3070 , coupled together as shown in  FIG. 30 . The dimming control circuit  3058  includes a transistor Q 2   3060 , a resistor R 5   3068 , a resistor R 6   3064 , a capacitor C 10   3066 , and a potentiometer  3062  coupled together as shown in  FIG. 30 . 
     First AC input power source terminal  3002  is coupled to a first lead of fuse F 1   3006 . A second lead of fuse F 1   3006 , a first lead of metal varistor MVR 1   3008 , and a first input lead of diode bridge  3010  are coupled together. Second AC input power source terminal  3004 , a second lead of metal varistor MVR 1   3008  and a second input of diode bridge  3010  are coupled together. The high output lead (cathode side) of diode bridge  3010 , the + lead of capacitor C 1   3012 , the + lead of capacitor C 2   3014 , the + lead of capacitor C 3   3016 , the + lead of capacitor C 4   3018 , a first lead of inductor L 1   3024 , a first lead of capacitor C 5   3026 , a first lead of resistor R 4   3020 , the cathode lead of Zener diode ZD 1   3028 , and lead  4  (VIN) of IC Q 1   3032  are coupled together. The low output lead (anode side) of diode bridge  3010 , the − lead of capacitor C 1   3012 , the − lead of capacitor C 2   3014 , the − lead of capacitor C 3   3016 , the − lead of capacitor C 4   3018 , a second lead of capacitor C 5   3026 , a first lead of resistor R 8   3030 , lead  1  (GND) of IC Q 1   3032 , and a first lead of resistor R 9   3040  are coupled together and are coupled to circuit ground  3070 . The anode lead of Zener diode ZD 1   3028 , second lead of resistor R 8   3030  and lead  2  (EN) of IC Q 1   3032  are coupled together. 
     A second lead of inductor L 1   3024 , lead  3  (SW) of IC Q 1   3032 , a first lead of capacitor C 6   3034 , the anode lead of diode D 6   3036 , and the anode lead of diode D 5   3038  are coupled together. The second lead of capacitor C 6   3034  is coupled to the second lead of resistor R 9   3040 . The cathode side of diode D 6   3036 , the cathode side of diode D 5   3038 , the cathode side of Zener diode ZD 2   3042 , the + lead of capacitor C 7   3048 , a first lead of capacitor C 8   3050 , and the anode lead of LED  3054  are coupled together. Lead  5  (FB) of IC Q 1   3032 , the anode side of Zener diode ZD 2   3042 , a first lead of resistor R 7   3046 , and a first lead of resistor R 3   3044  are coupled together. A second lead of resistor R 7   3046 , the second lead of capacitor C 8   3050 , a first lead of resistor R 2   3052 , a first lead of resistor R 1   3056 , and the cathode lead of LED  3054  are coupled together. 
     The second lead of resistor R 4   3020 , the cathode lead of Zener diode ZD 3   3022 , the collector (C) lead of transistor Q 2   3060 , and the CW lead of potentiometer  3062  are coupled together. The second lead of resistor R 3   3044 , the emitter (E) lead of transistor Q 2   3060 , a first lead of resistor R 6   3064 , a first lead of capacitor C 10   3068 , and a first lead of resistor R 5   3068  are coupled together. The wiper arm lead of potentiometer  3062 , the base (B) lead of transistor  3060 , a second lead of resistor R 6   3064 , and a second lead of capacitor C 10   3066  are coupled together. The CCW lead of potentiometer  3062  is coupled to a second lead of resistor R 5   3068 . 
     The anode lead of Zener diode ZD 3   3022  is coupled to circuit ground  3070 . The − lead of capacitor C 7   3048  is coupled to circuit ground  3070 . The second lead of resistor R 2   3052  is coupled to the second lead of resistor R 1   3056  and to circuit ground  3070 . 
     Fuse F 1   3006  protects the circuit, e.g., from excessive input current which may damage the circuit. Metal varistor MVR 1   3008  protects the circuit from any voltage surge occurring across the input terminals ( 3002 ,  3004 ). 
     Diode Bridge (D 1 -D 4 )  3010  converts an input AC sine wave signal received across its input terminals into AC full wave rectified output signal which is output across its output terminals. 
     Capacitors C 1   3012 , C 2   3014 , C 3   3016 , C 4   3018 , which are in parallel across the output of the diode bridge (D 1 -D 4 )  3010 , serves as a DC filter and converts the AC full wave rectified signal into to DC. 
     Capacitor C 5   3026  serves as a high frequency filter and is in parallel with the DC filter. 
     Zener diode ZD 1   3028  and resistor R 8   3030  form an enable control circuit supplying the voltage Vin−Vzd 1  to enable the IC Q 1   3032  to operate, e.g., when the voltage on the enable pin is at least 1.4 v. Thus IC Q 1   3032  is enabled when the input voltage is on. 
     IC Q 1   3032  is a current regulator. Inductor L 1   3024 , IC Q 1   3032 , diode D 5   3038 , and diode D 6   3036  form a boost converter circuit which allows an output voltage, measured between the cathode leads of the D 5 /D 6  pair and ground, to be higher than in input voltage, measured between the first lead of inductor L 1   3024  and ground. In various embodiments, diodes D 5   3038  and D 6   3036  are Schottky diodes. 
     Capacitor C 6   3034  and resistor R 9   3040  form an RC snubber which reduces the ringing on the output voltage during MOSFET switching which occurs within the IC Q 2   3032 . 
     Resistor R 4   3020  and Zener diode ZD 3   3022  form a precise voltage supply for the dimming control circuit  3058 , from the filtered DC voltage which was generated. 
     Dimming control circuit  3058  receives as an input voltage VZD 3 , from Zener diode ZD 3  which is used as an accurate reference voltage. The dimming control circuit  3058  outputs an output voltage, which can be adjusted by changing the setting of the potentiometer  3062 . By changing the output voltage of dimming control circuit  3058  the voltage applied on the feedback (FB) lead ( 5 ) of IC Q 1   3032  from the dimming control circuit is changed. Different settings of the potentiometer  3062  correspond to different voltages at the emitter lead of transistor Q 2   3060 , and different feedback voltage contributions at the feedback lead ( 5 ) of IC Q 1   3032  from the dimming control circuit, based on the voltage divider including resistors R 1 , R 2 , R 7 , and R 3 . 
     Zener diode ZD 2   3042  is used for output voltage protection, e.g., it prevents the voltage across the LED  3054  from exceeding its Zener breakdown voltage of 43 volts. 
     Capacitors (C 7   3048 , C 8   3050 ) are used for holding charge to supply the current to the LED  3054 . 
     Resistor R 1   3056  in parallel with resistor R 2   3052 , serve as a current sense resistor, and are used to convert the LED current to a voltage sense signal that is supplied back to the feedback (FB) pin  5  of IC Q 1   3032  via resistor R 7   3046  to regulate the current control through MOSFET switching. Note that resistor R 7  is &gt;&gt;than R 1  in parallel with R 2 . 
     Note that in this exemplary design there are two sources of feedback to FB pin  5  of IC Q 1   3032 , a dimming control feedback signal based on potentiometer  3062  setting and a current sense feedback signal based on a measurement of the current through LED  3054 . Note that since the dimming control circuit  3058  controls dimming via the FB input of IC Q 1   3032  the dimming is performed without wasting energy, e.g., dimming is not performed using power dissipation in resistors. 
       FIG. 31  is a function block drawing of an exemplary IC  3100  in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Exemplary IC  3100  is, e.g., IC Q 1   3032  of exemplary LED circuit  3000  of  FIG. 30 . IC  3100  is a fixed frequency PWM Boost constant current driver including internal frequency compensation and a fixed frequency oscillator. The PCM control circuit is able to adjust the duty ratio linearly from 0 to 90%, and has a 5 A switching current capability. IC  3100  includes voltage input pin (VIN)  3102 , a feedback pin (FB)  3104 , an enable pin (EN)  3106 , a power Switch output pin (SW)  3108 , and a ground pin (GND)  3110 . VIN pin  3102  is, e.g. VIN pin  4  of Q 1   3032  of  FIG. 30 ; FB pin  3104  is, e.g. FB pin  5  of Q 1   3032  of  FIG. 30 ; EN pin  3106  is, e.g. EN pin  2  of Q 1   3032  of  FIG. 30 ; and GND pin  3110  is, e.g. GND pin  1  of IC Q 1   3032  of  FIG. 30 . 
     When the EN pin  3106  is driven to low the device  3100  is turned off, when the EN pin  3106  is driven to high the device  3100  is turned on. The supply voltage for IC  3100  is received on VIN pin  3102 , and device  3100  may operate on an input voltage, e.g., in accordance with the IC specification. The feedback pin (FB)  3104  receives a feedback voltage signal which is compared to a feedback threshold voltage of 0.22V. Power switch output pin (SW)  3108  is the output for device  3100 . 
     IC  3100  includes a voltage regulator  3112 , an operation amplifier with voltage output EA  3114 , a phase compensation circuit  3116 , an undervoltage lockout (UVLO)  3118 , a soft start circuit  3120 , a comparator (COMP)  3122 , a summer  3124 , an oscillator  3126 , an overvoltage protection (OVP) circuit  3128 , a thermal shutdown protection circuit  3130 , an RS latch  3132 , an overcurrent protection (OCP) amplifier  3134 , a driver  3136 , a power NDMOS FET  3138 , a current sense resistor  3140  and an IC ground  3142 . 
     Regulator  3112  receives an input voltage from VIN  3102  and generates a 2.5 v regulated voltage and a reference voltage of 0.22 v; the 0.22V reference voltage is fed as input to the + terminal of operational amplifier  3114 . Operational amplifier  3114  receives a feedback control voltage on its − terminal, which is coupled to FB pin  3104 . Operational amplifier  3114  generates output voltage EA as a function of the difference between the reference voltage on its input + terminal and the feedback voltage on its input − terminal. 
     Undervoltage lockout (UVLO)  3118 , which receives VIN from terminal  3102 , monitors the input voltage VIN and prevents the IC  3100  from operating to output current when the input voltage VIN is below a minimum acceptable value. Soft start circuit  3120  prevents a high in-rush of current during start up. 
     Oscillator  3126  is a 180 KHz oscillator circuit which outputs a sawtooth signal to summer  3124  and a square wave signal to RS latch  3132 . A signal is generated by amplifier  3134  based on the current through resistor  3140 , and the generated signal is summed by summer  3134  with the sawtooth signal from oscillator  3124 . The output of the summer  3124  is fed to the + input terminal of comparator  3122 , which compares the summer output signal to the output of amplifier  3114 , which is received at the − input terminal of comparator  3122 . The output of the comparator  3122  is fed to the input of RS latch  3132 . The output of RS latch  3132  is the input to driver  3136  which controls the NDMOS  3138 . Driver  3136  drives the switching NDMOS  3138  based on the signal received from the RS latch  3132 . 
     Various protection circuits can shut down the output of the IC  3100 . 
     Overvoltage protection (OVP) circuit  3128  monitors the voltage on output SW pin  3108  and protects the IC  3100  from excessive voltage on SW terminal  3108 , controlling the IC  3100  output to shut down in response to a detected overvoltage via a signal sent to RS latch  3132 . Thermal shutdown circuit  3120  determines if an overheating condition is occurring and controls the IC  3100  output to shutdown to prevent thermal damage, via a signal sent to RS latch  3132 . Overcurrent protection comparator  3134  determines if the output current through the NDMOS transistor  3138  and through sense resistor  3140  is excessive and controls the chip  3100  output to shut down, via a control signal sent to RS latch  3132 , in response to a detected overcurrent condition, e.g., a detected voltage across current sense resistor  3140  exceeding an overcurrent threshold value. 
     In the example of  FIG. 30 , IC Q 1   3032  is a XLSEMI XL6006 switching constant current driver. In some embodiments, IC Q 1   3032  is replaced by a different current regulator including a feedback input. A different current regulator may have a different acceptable input voltage range, a different max boost output, a different feedback threshold value, a different switching frequency, and a different maximum current output. In various embodiments, a particular current regulator IC is selected to match the available expected input voltage range and desired maximum current to be driven through the LED light. 
       FIG. 30A  is a drawing  3051  illustrating circuit portions of the LED circuit  3000  of  FIG. 30 . LED circuit  3000  includes an input AC voltage interface  3053 , input overvoltage and overcurrent protection devices  3055 , e.g., a fuse and a varistor, a full wave rectifier circuit  3057 , e.g., a  4  diode bridge circuit, input filtering  3059  including a DC filter  3061 , e.g., an electrolytic capacitor bank, and a high frequency filter  3063 , e.g., a capacitor for filtering out high frequency signals, an IC enable circuit  3065 , a dimmer control voltage supply  3067 , e.g., a Zener diode based voltage supply circuit, a DC/DC converter circuit  3069 , e.g., a boost converter circuit including an inductor, a current regulator, e.g., a PWM boost constant current driver IC, and diodes coupled together, an RC snubber circuit  3071 , an output overvoltage protection circuit  3073 , e.g., a Zener diode, a charge holding circuit  3075 , e.g., capacitors, an LED light source  3077 , i.e. a light emitting semiconductor diode, a feedback resistor network  3079  including resistors used for LED current sensing and resistors used in a dimming voltage divider, and a dimming control circuit  3081  including a potentiometer and a transistor. 
       FIG. 30B  is a drawing  3083  illustrating circuit portions shown in  FIG. 30A  overlayed on the LED circuit of  FIG. 30  so as it identify elements included in each of the circuit portions for one exemplary embodiment. The AC voltage interface  3053  includes a pair of AC voltage input terminals ( 3002 ,  3004 ) for receiving an AC signal, e.g., a 12 VAC signal used to power the LED circuit  3000 . Input and overvoltage protection devices  3055  includes fuse F 1   3006  to protect the circuit  3000  from excessive input current and a metal varistor MVR 1   3008  to protect the circuit  3000  from an input voltage surge. Full wave rectifier circuit  3057  includes a four diode (D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 ) bridge  3010  used to convert the received input sine wave to a full wave rectified signal. DC filter  3061  includes 4 electrolytic capacitors (C 1   3012 , C 2   3014 , C 3   3016 , C 4   3108 ) used to convert the full wave rectified signal to DC. High frequency filter  3063  includes capacitor C 5  to perform high frequency filtering. IC enable circuit  3065  includes Zener diode ZD 1   3028  and resistor R 8   3030  and supplies the voltage (VIN−VZD 1 ) to the EN pin of IC Q 1   3032  to enable the IC to operate. Dimmer control voltage supply  3067  includes resistor R 4   3020  and Zener diode ZD 3   3022 , which form a voltage supply for the dimming control circuit  3058 . Boost converter circuit  3069  includes inductor L 1   3024 , PWM boost constant current driver IC  3032 , and diode pair (D 5   3038 , D 6   3036 ), which allows the output voltage to be greater than an input voltage. RC snubber circuit  3071  includes resistor R 9   3040  in series with capacitor C 6   3034 , and reduces ringing during the MOSFET switching within IC  3032 . Output overprotection circuit  3073  includes Zener diode ZD 2   3042  for output voltage protection, e.g., the output voltage cannot exceed the Zener breakdown voltage of 43 volts thus protecting the LED  3054  for damage due to overvoltage. In some embodiments, the output overvoltage protection circuit  3073  is external to the DC/DC converter circuit  3069 . In some such embodiments, the overvoltage protection value selected for the overvoltage protection circuit  3073  is below the overvoltage protection value of the current regulator  3032  of the DC/DC converter  3069 . Charge holding circuit  3075  includes capacitors C 7   3048  and C 8   3050 , which are used for holding charge to supply the current to the LED  3054 . Feedback resistor network  3079  includes resistors R 1   3056 , R 2   3052 , R 7   3046 , and R 3   3044 . Resistors R 1  and R 2  are low value resistors, connected together in parallel, and the parallel combination is connected in series between the LED  3054  and ground  3070 . 
     The current through the parallel resistor pair (R 1  in parallel with R 2 ) is substantially the same current going through the LED, and the current produces a voltage across the resistor pair (R 1  in parallel with R 2 ) which can be used to indicate the LED current. Thus R 1  in parallel with R 2  is an equivalent current sense resistor for the LED, and the voltage across the sense resistor is fed back to feedback FB pin  5  of IC  3032  via resister R 7 . Note that resister R 3  is 27K, while R 3  is 1K resulting in the feedback voltage contribution due to current sensing which reaches FB pin  5  of IC  3032  is substantially the same as the measured value across the equivalent sense resistor (R 1  in parallel with R 2 ). 
     The feedback due to the dimming control circuit produces a second feedback voltage contribution at the FB pin  5  of IC  3032 . The setting of the potentiometer  3062  determines the voltage at the Emitter of Q 2   3060 . A fraction of the emitter voltage of Q 2   3060  is a feedback contribution input at pin  5  of IC  3032  based on the voltage divider including R 3 , R 7  and R 1  in parallel with R 2 . The fraction is approximately 0.036. With a dimming control voltage supply of 6.2 v, and a feedback setpoint in IC Q 1  of 0.22 v, the dimming can drive the LED to off or a near off condition. 
     The two feedback voltage contributions (one from the current sensing and one from the dimming control) are combined at FB pin  5  of IC  3032 . The contribution of voltage feedback from the dimming circuit has the effect of lowering the current through the LED and causing dimming. 
       FIG. 30C  is a drawing  3084  which illustrates the two sources of feedback which are used to control the IC  3032  of LED circuit  3000 . A first feedback source will now be discussed. The current ILED  3085  through LED  3054  flows through the sense resistor pair of R 1   3056  in parallel with R 2   3052 , producing voltage V S    3087 . The value of resistor R 3 &gt;&gt;the value of (resistor R 1  in parallel with resistor R 2 ), and the value of resistor R 3  is 27× the value of Resistor R 7 ; therefore the feedback component voltage V FB1  is approximately the value of V S    3087 . 
     A second feedback source will now be discussed. Dimming control circuit supply voltage VZD 3   3089 , e.g., 6.2 VDC, is received as an input to the dimming control circuit  3058 . The dimming control circuit  3058  outputs voltage V E    3091 , which is less than VZD 3  and which is a function of the setting of the potentiometer  3062 . A second feedback component voltage V FB2  is a fraction of V E , and the fraction is approximately the value of R 7 /(the value of R 7 +the value of R 3 ). In this example, V FB2 =( 1/28)V E . Higher voltages of V E  result in higher feedback voltages V FB2 , and more dimming. 
     The feedback value seen at FB pin  5  of IC  3032  is V FB    3093 , where V FB =V FB1 +V FB2 . Since the feedback threshold voltage in IC Q 1   3032  is set at a fixed value of 0.22 v, increased feedback voltage due to the dimmer circuit will result in a lower LED current level and a lower feedback voltage contribution from the current sense source. 
     The exemplary LED circuit  3000  of  FIG. 30  is shown for an exemplary embodiment in which the input power is within the range of 9 VAC to 15 VAC. In other embodiments, different component values may be selected to accommodate different acceptable input voltage ranges. In some embodiments, the components are selected such that the minimum acceptable input voltage is 3 VAC or 3 VDC. In some other embodiments, the components are selected such that the maximum acceptable input voltage is 24 VAC or 24 VDC. 
     Circuit  3000  may also be operated with a DC input voltage source replacing the AC input voltage source, e.g., circuit  3000  may be operated on DC power, e.g., battery power, where AC power is not available, where the implementation includes a DC power source, or where the AC power fails and a backup DC power source is available to be switched in to replace the AC power source. 
       FIG. 30D  illustrates drawing  3094  which illustrates that exemplary LED circuit  3000  includes a control circuit  3001  configured to control LED light source  3054 . 
     Table 1  3095  of  FIG. 30E  illustrates exemplary components used in the exemplary LED circuit  3000  shown in  FIG. 30 . 
     Table 2  3097  of  FIG. 30F  illustrates exemplary components for another exemplary embodiment, which is a variation of the LED circuit of  FIG. 30 . In this exemplary embodiment, capacitor C 4   3018  is omitted, resistor R 2   3052  is omitted, and capacitor C 8   3050  is omitted. 
       FIG. 30G  is a drawing illustrating an exemplary LED circuit  3099 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, which may use the components listed in Table 2 of  FIG. 30F . Note that components C 4 , C 8 , R 10  and R 11  are designated on the drawing as N/A, which implies that a slot for the component exists on the circuit board however the component slot is not populated. 
     In the example of  FIG. 30G  one resistor R 1  is used for the current detector, while in the example of  FIG. 30 , two resistors in parallel (R 1  in parallel with R 2 ) are used for the current detector. In some embodiments, three resistors are populated and used in parallel for the current detector. 
     In various embodiments, the values of the sense resistor, e.g., R 1   3056 , or the sense resistor pair, e.g., R 1 /R 2  ( 3056 / 3052 ), are selected to match the desired LED current with no dimming such that the feedback voltage from the current sensing is matched to the FB voltage threshold of the current regulator, e.g., IC  3032 . 
     In some embodiments, the dimming control circuit, e.g., circuit  3058 , provides a small feedback contribution to the feedback pin of the current regulator, e.g., pin  5  of IC Q 1   3032 , under the no dimming condition. In some such embodiments, the value of the resistance for the current detector, e.g., sense resistor pair (R 1  in parallel with R 2 ) is selected in the design to take into account that the current sense detector voltage contribution under a no dimming condition will be slightly below the feedback threshold voltage of the current regulator. In some such embodiments, this results in a slightly lower value for the current sense resistor than would be the case if the dimming control circuit provided 0 voltage feedback contribution at the current regulator feedback input under a no dimming condition. This lower sense resistor value has the added benefit of less energy wastage, e.g., less energy dissipation in the sense resistor for the same current going through the LED diode. 
     The LED circuit  3000  of  FIG. 30  and LED circuit  3099  of  FIG. 30G  have been illustrated for exemplary embodiments using a DC/DC converter which is a boost converter. In some other embodiments, the DC/DC converter implemented in the LED circuit  3000  and/or LED circuit  3099  of  FIG. 30G  uses a different DC/DC converter topology. For example, the boost converter is replaced with one of a: SEPIC converter, a synchronous Buck-Boost Converter, a synchronous boost converter, a flyback converter, or an inverter converter. In some such embodiments, a transformer is included in the circuit. 
     An exemplary control apparatus for controlling current to an LED light source, e.g., LED  3054 , in a landscape lighting device, in accordance with some embodiments, comprises: a user selectable control (knob), e.g., knob  548 ; and a control circuit, e.g., control circuit  3001 , configured to control the LED light source, e.g., LED  3054 , to output light in an amount depending on a user selectable setting on the user selectable control, said control circuit, e.g., circuit  3001 , including: i) a current regulator, e.g., IC Q 1   3032 , for controlling the amount of current passing through the LED light source, e.g., LED  3054 ; and ii) a dimming control circuit, e.g., dimming control circuit  3058 . 
     In some such embodiments, said control circuit, e.g., circuit  3001 , is an LED driver circuit for generating and controlling the flow of current through said LED light source, e.g., LED  3054 . In some such embodiments, said control circuit, e.g., circuit  3001 , includes a current detector, e.g., R 1   3056  in parallel R 2   3052 , for producing a sense signal, e.g., V S    3087  proportional to the amplitude of said controlled current, e.g., ILED  3085 , passing through said LED light source. 
     In some embodiments, said current detector, e.g., R 1   3056  in parallel with R 2   3052 , includes a current sense resistor, e.g., R 1   3056 , through which at least a portion of the current passing through said LED light source also passes. In some such embodiments, said sense signal is a voltage signal. 
     In various embodiments, said dimming control circuit, e.g., circuit  3058 , is configured to produce a signal in an amount depending on the user selectable setting of the user selectable control. In some embodiments, said dimming control circuit, e.g., circuit  3058 , includes: a transistor, e.g., Q 2   3060 , for producing an output signal, e.g., V E    3091 ; and a potentiometer, e.g., potentiometer  3062 , electrically coupled to said transistor, e.g., Q 2   3060 , for controlling the amount of signal which the transistor will output, said potentiometer, e.g., potentiometer  3062 , including a movable portion, e.g., moveable portion  555 A, said movable portion being connected to said user selectable control, e.g., knob  548 , said moveable portion changing resistance in a portion of said dimming control circuit, e.g., circuit  3058 , when moved. In some embodiments, said control circuit, e.g., circuit  3001 , includes a feedback network, e.g., network  3079 , and wherein said feedback network includes said current detector, e.g., R 1   3056  in parallel with R 2   3052 . 
     In some embodiments, said feedback network, e.g., resistor network  3079 , couples said dimming circuit, e.g., circuit  3058 , to said current regulator, e.g., IC Q 1   3032 . In some embodiments, said feedback network, e.g., network  3079 , includes a resistor, e.g., R 7   3046 , for coupling said current detector, e.g. the circuit of R 1   3056  in parallel with R 2   3052 , to said current regulator, e.g., IC Q 1   3032 . In various embodiments, said feedback network, e.g., network  3079 , includes a voltage divider, e.g., voltage divider with ratio of (R 7 +(R 1 *R 2 )/(R 1 +R 2 ))/(R 3 +R 7 +(R 1 *R 2 )/(R 1 +R 2 )), which is approximately R 7 /(R 7 +R 3 ). In some embodiments, said feedback network, e.g., network  3079 , is configured to provide a feedback signal, e.g., VF  3093  to said current regulator, e.g., IC Q 1   3032 , said feedback signal, e.g., V FB , being generated from said sense signal, e.g., V S , and a dimming control output signal, e.g., V E . For example, V FB =V FB1 +V FB2 , where V FB1  is approximately V S  and V FB2  is approximately (R 7 /(R 7 +R 3 ))*V E . In some embodiments, said transistor output signal is a voltage signal, and said dimming output signal is a voltage signal based on said transistor output signal. In some embodiments, said feedback network is a resistor network and said feedback signal is a voltage signal. 
     In various embodiments, said current regulator, e.g., IC Q 1   3032 , is configured to compare a voltage reference signal, e.g., 0.22 v, to said feedback signal, e.g., V FB , and based on difference to adjust the amount of current passing through the LED light source, e.g., LED  3054 . In some such embodiments, said current regulator, e.g., IC Q 1   3032 , is a pulse width modulation boost current circuit, e.g., XLSEMI XL6006 chip. 
     In some embodiments, said control circuit, e.g., control circuit  3001 , includes a DC to DC converter circuit, e.g., circuit  3069 , said DC to DC converter circuit, e.g., circuit  3069 , including said current regulator, e.g., IC Q 1   3032 . In some such embodiments, said DC to DC converter circuit, e.g., circuit  3069 , further includes an inductor, e.g., L 1   3024 , and at least one diode, e.g., diode D 5   3038 . In some embodiments, said DC to DC converter circuit, e.g., circuit  3069  includes at least two diodes in parallel, e.g., diode D 5   3038  in parallel with diode D 6   3036 . 
     In various embodiments, said DC to DC converter circuit, e.g., circuit  3069  is one of a single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) converter, a step-up or boost converter, a synchronous step-up or boost converter, a flyback converter, a buck-boost converter, or a synchronous buck-boost converter. 
     In some embodiments, said control circuit, e.g., control circuit  3001 , includes an over voltage protection circuit, e.g., circuit  3073 , coupled to said DC to DC converter, e.g., circuit  3069 , for protecting the LED light source, e.g., LED  3054 , from an over voltage condition. In some such embodiments, said overvoltage protection circuit, e.g., circuit  3073 , includes a Zener diode, e.g., ZD 2   3042 , for limiting said voltage applied to said LED light source, e.g., LED  3054 , to a voltage value, e.g., 43V, below a value at which said LED light source, e.g., LED  3054 , would be damaged. 
     In various embodiments, said control apparatus is configured to operate over 9V to 15 V AC or DC voltage range. In some embodiments, the control apparatus is configured to operate at a minimum input voltage of 3V AC or DC. In some embodiments, the control apparatus is configured to operate at a maximum input voltage of 24V AC or DC. It should be appreciated that the components and/or component values to be used in the control circuit are selected to be matched to a particular desired operating range and/or a particular LED light source. 
     In some embodiments, the control apparatus includes a Zener diode voltage regulator circuit, e.g., circuit  3067 , for providing power to said dimming control circuit, e.g., circuit  3058 . 
     In some embodiments, said landscape lighting device is one of a spotlight, a landscape light or an inground light. 
     In some embodiments, said user selectable control is a dimming control knob, e.g., knob  548 , in contact with a movable portion, e.g., movable portion  555 A, of said potentiometer, e.g., potentiometer  3062 , said moveable portion changing resistance of a portion of a dimming control circuit, e.g., circuit  3058 , when moved. 
     In some embodiments, said control knob, e.g., knob  548 , includes a setting indicator which moves with said knob, e.g., knob  548 , and which when rotated to be aligned with a power or illumination level indicator on a housing in which said control circuit is housed sets the control circuit to operate at the wattage or illumination level to which the setting indicator is aligned. In some embodiments, the electrical circuits are defined such that the user selectable control has settings with light outputs comparable to the light output of 10 W, 25 W, 35 W, 50 W and 75 W MR16 halogen lights. 
     Some features are directed to a control apparatus for controlling current to an LED light source in a landscape lighting device. In one embodiment the control apparatus includes an LED driver ( 554 ); a user control ( 548 ) with a control setting indicator ( 3302 ); and a driver housing ( 540 ) including setting indicators ( 594 ,  598 ), alignment of the control setting indicator on the user control ( 548 ) with one of the setting indicators ( 594 ,  598 ) indicating which of a plurality of user selectable settings the LED driver ( 554 ) is set. In some embodiments the LED driver ( 554 ) includes a control circuit ( 3000 ) configured to control an LED light source to output light in an amount depending on a user selectable setting on the user selectable control, with the control circuit ( 3000 ) including, i) a current regulator which is part of a boost or other module  3069  for controlling the amount of current passing through the LED light source; and ii) a dimming control circuit ( 3081 ) including a potentiometer ( 3062 ). In some embodiment the user control ( 548 ) is a dimming control knob ( 548 ) that is in contact with a movable portion of the potentiometer ( 3062 ). Moving, e.g., rotating, the moveable portion of the potentiometer ( 3062 ) changes resistance in a portion of the dimming control circuit ( 3081 ). In some implementations the driver housing ( 540 ) includes visible wattage markings ( 596 ,  599 ) adjacent corresponding setting indicators ( 594 ,  598 ). In some but not all embodiments driver housing ( 540 ) further includes one or more visible apparent power markings, e.g., marking ( 608 ), in close proximity to a corresponding wattage marking ( 599 ) with the markings being adjacent the setting indicator, e.g., dimple, ( 598 ) to which the apparent power marking ( 608 ) and associated wattage marking ( 599 ) correspond. Instead of, or in addition to, the wattage and/or apparent power markings, the driver housing ( 540 ) may and sometimes does include visible MR16 equivalent wattage markings. For example, marking ( 620 ) is shown in  FIG. 6D  in close proximity to the wattage marking ( 599 ) and adjacent the setting indicator ( 598 ) to which the apparent power marking ( 608 ) and associated wattage marking ( 599 ) correspond. In at least some embodiments a user can select between marked settings with light outputs comparable to the light output of 10 W, 25 W, 35 W, 50 W and 75 W MR16 halogen lights by rotating the user control to align the control setting indicator ( 302 ) with the one of the setting indicators on the driver housing ( 540 ) corresponding to a desired MR16 equivalent wattage. The control circuit can, in some embodiments, operate on either a 12V AC or a 12V DC input. The 12V AC or 12V DC input can be from a magnetic transformer or an electronic transformer. 
     In some embodiments the control knob ( 548 ) includes a shaft ( 549 ) with the shaft being in contact with the movable portion of the potentiometer of the control circuit. A seal ( 546 ) such as that shown in  FIG. 35 , in some embodiments, surrounds a portion of said shaft ( 549 ) where said shaft enters the driver housing ( 540 ) with the seal protecting the driver housing ( 540 ) against water and dirt entry while still allowing the shaft ( 549 ) to rotate. The seal ( 546 ), in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 35 , includes a flat collar in contact with a rear portion of said control knob ( 548 ) and a tapered shaft portion which surrounds a portion of said shaft ( 549 ). In some but not necessarily all embodiment the seal ( 546 ) is made of a flexible silicone material. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 35  the shaft ( 549 ) includes a ridge ( 549 A) for engaging a slot in the movable portion of the potentiometer ( 3062 ). 
     In some embodiments such as the one shown in  FIG. 6C , the driver housing ( 540 ) includes a stop ( 574 ) positioned to engage a stop  3509  on the control knob ( 548 ) to prevent said control knob ( 548 ) from rotating the movable portion of the potentiometer ( 3062 ) beyond the range of user selectable settings. 
     Numerous additional embodiments, within the scope of the present invention, will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the above description and the claims which follow. Such variations are to be considered within the scope of the invention. 
     Apparatus and methods for lighting are provided. Some or all of the features disclosed below may be combined with one or more features disclosed elsewhere in the disclosure. 
     The apparatus may include an LED light source. The LED light source may include an LED. The LED light source may include a correlated color temperature (“CCT”) chip-on-board (“COB”) LED. The COB LED may have one or more LEDs. Two or more of the LEDs may emit light having a CCT that is different from one or more other LEDs on the COB LED. 
     The LED light source may be disposed in a housing. The apparatus may include a circuit. The circuit may be disposed in the housing. The circuit may be configured to cause the LED light source to emit light. The light may have a first intensity. The light may have a second intensity that is different from the first intensity. The apparatus may include a mechanical intensity-selector. The first intensity and the second intensity may be selectable via the mechanical selector. The circuit may be configured to change, responsive to a manual adjustment of the mechanical selector, a magnitude of an electrical current passing through the LED light source. 
     The LED light source may be a first LED light source. The first LED light source may be configured to emit light in a first direction. The apparatus may include a second LED light source. The second LED light source may be disposed in the housing. The second LED light source may be configured to emit light in a second direction. The second direction may be different from the first direction. The circuit may be configured to cause the second LED light source to emit light. The light may have a first intensity. The light may have a second intensity. The circuit may change, responsive to the manual adjustment of the mechanical intensity-selector, a magnitude of an electrical current passing through the second LED light source. 
     The second direction may be oriented with respect to the first direction at any suitable inter-directional angle relative to the first direction. Table 3 lists illustrative ranges that may include the inter-directional angle. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative inter-directional angle ranges. 
               
               
                 Illustrative inter-directional 
               
               
                 angle ranges 
               
               
                 (degrees of arc) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Lower 
                 Upper 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 29 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 44 
               
               
                   
                 45 
                 59 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 74 
               
               
                   
                 75 
                 89 
               
               
                   
                 90 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 105 
                 119 
               
               
                   
                 120 
                 134 
               
               
                   
                 135 
                 149 
               
               
                   
                 150 
                 164 
               
               
                   
                 165 
                 179 
               
               
                   
                 180 
                 194 
               
               
                   
                 Others suitable 
                 Other suitable 
               
               
                   
                 lower limits 
                 upper limits 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The second direction may be oriented antiparallel (180° away from) the first direction. 
     The apparatus may include a mechanical CCT selector. The CCT selector may be configured to select a CCT for the LED light source. The CCT may be a low CCT. The CCT may be a high CCT. The CCT may be a CCT that is intermediate between the low CCT and the high CCT. The selector may provide one or more discrete intermediate CCT values. The selector may provide a continuous range of intermediate CCT values. 
     The apparatus may provide lighting in accordance with the selected CCT by activating a low CCT LED. The apparatus may provide lighting in accordance with the selected CCT by activating a high CCT LED. The apparatus may provide lighting in accordance with the selected CCT by activating both a low CCT LED and a high CCT LED in a combination that produces illumination corresponding to the selected intermediate CCT. 
     High and low CCT values may be in the range from 1,800° K to 8,500° K. 
     The apparatus may include an ON/OFF selector. The ON/OFF selector may be configured to power-on the first LED light source. The ON/OFF selector may be configured to power-on the second LED light source. 
     The ON/OFF selector that may be configured such that the ON/OFF selector powers-off the first LED light source when the ON/OFF selector powers-on the second LED light source. 
     The CCT selector may be configured to select a CCT for the first LED light source. The CCT selector may be configured to select a CCT for the second LED light source. 
     The ON/OFF-selector may be configured to turn on both the first LED light source and the second LED light source. The ON/OFF-selector may be configured to turn on, concurrently, the first LED light source and the second LED light source. The ON/OFF-selector may be configured to turn off both the first LED light source and the second LED light source. 
     The ON/OFF-selector may be configured to turn on only one of the first LED light source and the second LED light source. 
     The apparatus may include a first accessory lens holder. The first accessory lens holder may be configured to hold a first accessory lens in front of the first LED light source. The apparatus may include a second accessory lens holder. The second accessory lens holder may be configured to hold a second accessory lens in front of the second LED light source. 
     The housing may include an optics chamber. The housing may include a control chamber. The optics chamber may enclose the light source. The control chamber may enclose a switch. The switch may be movable by the intensity-selector. The control chamber may include a mounting face. The mounting face may be configured to engage a fastener. The mounting face may be configured to engage any suitable feature of or in a surface or wall to which the apparatus is to be mounted. The mounting face may be configured to receive a power wire. 
     The apparatus may include a first LED light source. The first LED light source may be disposed in a housing. The apparatus may include a second light source. The second LED light source may be disposed in the housing. The apparatus may include a circuit. The circuit may be disposed in the housing. The circuit may be configured to cause the first LED light source to emit light at a first intensity. The circuit may be configured to cause the first LED light source to emit light at a second intensity. The circuit may be configured to cause the second LED light source to emit light at a third intensity. The circuit may be configured to cause the second LED light source to emit light at a fourth intensity. Any of the first, second, third and fourth intensities may be the same as any other of the first, second, third and fourth intensities. Any of the first, second, third and fourth intensities may be different from any other of the first, second, third and fourth intensities. 
     The apparatus may include a mechanical intensity-selector. The first intensity may be selectable via the mechanical intensity-selector. The second intensity may be selectable via the mechanical intensity-selector. The third intensity may be selectable via the mechanical intensity-selector. The fourth intensity may be selectable via the mechanical intensity-selector. 
     The circuit may be configured to change, responsive to a manual adjustment of the mechanical intensity-selector, a magnitude of an electrical current passing through the first LED light source. The circuit may be configured to change, responsive to a manual adjustment of the mechanical intensity-selector, a magnitude of an electrical current passing through the second LED light source. 
     The apparatus may include a first optics chamber. The first optics chamber may be disposed in the housing. The apparatus may include a second optics chamber. The second optics chamber may be disposed in the housing. The apparatus may include a control chamber. The control chamber may be disposed in the housing. 
     The apparatus may include a switch. The switch may be movable by the intensity-selector. The switch may be is disposed in the control chamber. 
     The apparatus may include an LED control circuit. The LED control circuit may be disposed in the control chamber. The LED control circuit may be configured to control the first LED light source in response to movement of the mechanical intensity-selector. 
     The housing may include a mounting face. The mounting face may be configured to engage a fastener. The mounting face may be configured to engage any suitable feature of or in a surface or wall to which the apparatus is to be mounted. The mounting face may be configured to receive a power wire. 
     The first LED light source and the second LED light source may define an axis. 
     The mechanical intensity-selector may be configured to engage a switch. The switch may be disposed in a control chamber. The control chamber, when mounted to a structure, may intervene between the axis and the structure. 
     The first LED light source may be configured to emit light in the first direction. The second LED light source may be configured to emit light in the second direction. 
     The apparatus may include a CCT selector. The CCT selector may be configured to select a CCT for the first LED light source. The CCT selector may be configured to select a CCT for the second LED light source. The CCT selector may be configured to select a CCT for the first LED light source and the second light source. 
     The apparatus may include the ON/OFF-selector. 
     The apparatus may include the first accessory lens holder. The apparatus may include the second accessory lens holder. 
     The apparatus may include a first beam-adjusting lens. The first beam-adjusting lens may be repositionable from a first position in front of the first LED light source to a second position in front of the first LED light source. The apparatus may include a second beam-adjusting lens. The second beam-adjusting lens may be repositionable from a third position in front of the second LED light source to a fourth position in front of the second LED light source. 
     A first beam is emitted from the first LED light source. A second beam may be emitted from the second LED light source. The first beam may have a selectable first beam-width angle. The second beam may have a selectable second beam-width angle. A setting of the first beam-width angle may be a setting that does not limit the second beam-width angles available for selection by the user. 
     The apparatus may include a removable end cap. The removable end cap may be disposable over the first LED light source. The removable end cap may enclose a movable lens. 
     The removable end cap may be a first removable lens cap. The movable lens may be a first movable lens. The apparatus may include a second removable end cap. The apparatus may include a second movable lens. The second removable end cap may be disposable over the second LED light source. The second removable end cap may enclose the second movable lens. 
     Embodiments may omit features shown and/or described in connection with illustrative apparatus. Embodiments may include features that are neither shown nor described in connection with the illustrative apparatus. Features of illustrative embodiments may be combined. For example, an illustrative embodiment may include features shown in connection with another illustrative embodiment. 
     In the FIGS. described below, the leftmost digit (e.g., “L”) of a three-digit reference numeral (e.g., “LRR”), and the two leftmost digits (e.g., “LL”) of a four- or five-digit reference numeral (e.g., “LLRR,” or “LLRRR”), generally identify the first figure in which a part or process step is called-out. 
       FIG. 40  shows illustrative light fixture  4000 . Fixture  4000  may include housing  4002 . Fixture  4000  may include control chamber  4004 . Fixture  4000  may include end cap  4008 . End cap  4006  may include sealing “glass”  4010 . End cap  4008  may include a sealing “glass” (not shown). Fixture  4000  may include one or more LED light sources (not shown). Fixture  4000  may include circuitry (not shown). Fixture  4000  may include adjustable beam-angle changing lenses (not shown). Fixture  4000  may define one or more axes such as axis L, which may define directions L “+” and L “−”. 
     Housing  4002  may be of monolithic construction. Housing  4002  may be assembled from parts. Housing  4002  may include separate housing elements, each of which has functions of a housing. Housing  4002  may include polymer. Housing  4002  may include metal. Housing  4002  may include an alloy. 
     Fixture  4000  may be configured to propagate light from the LED source or sources along directions L+ and L−. Control chamber  4004  may include one or more selectors such as selectors  4012  and  4014 . 
     Selector  4012  may be used to select a CCT for one or more of the light sources. A user may position indicator  4013  to align with a CCT indicant such as  4015 . CCT indicants “27” (for 2,700° K), “30” (for 3,000° K) and “40” (for 4,000° K) are shown. The CCT indicants may correspond to different CCT states. 
     Selector  4014  may be used to select one or more directions (L+, L−, both L+ and L−) in which to propagate the light. A user may position indicator  4017  to align with a directional indicant such as  4019 . Direction indicants including an up-arrow (for illumination in the L+ direction), a down arrow (for illumination in the L− direction) and an up-arrow and down-arrow together (for concurrent illumination in the L+ and L− directions) are shown. The direction indicants may correspond to different power states. 
     Control chamber  4004  may extend outside housing  4002 . Control chamber  4004  may extend inside housing  4002 . Control chamber  4004  may be a part of housing  4002 . 
       FIG. 41  shows a view of fixture  4000  taken along view lines  41 - 41  (shown in  FIG. 40 ). Fixture  4000  may include mounting bracket  4102 . Mounting bracket  4102  may be removably seated, for example, in a snap-fit relationship, in recess  4104  of control chamber  4004 . Mounting bracket  4102  may include one or more mounting holes such as mounting holes  4106  and  4108 . Mounting bracket  4102  may be detached from control chamber  4004 . Mounting bracket  4102  may be placed against a surface to which fixture  4000  is to be mounted. Fasteners (not shown) may be inserted through the mounting holes and driven into the surface. Fixture  4000  may then be attached to mounting bracket  4102  by receiving bracket  4102  in recess  4104 . 
     Mounting bracket  4102  may include one or more passageways such as  4110  for receipt of a cable such as a power cable. 
     Control chamber  4004  may include one or more holes such as  4112  for receiving a fastener to fasten control chamber  4004  to housing  4002 . 
       FIG. 42  shows fixture  4000  without  4012  and  4014 , and with power cable  4202 . 
     Control chamber  4004  may include head  4206 . Control chamber  4004  may include gasket  4204 . Control chamber  4004  may include separator  4208 . Separator  4208  may function as an electrical insulator. Separator  4208  may function as a thermal insulator. Separator  4208  may be supported in chamber  4210  of housing  4002 . Control chamber  4004  may include gasket  4204 . Gasket  4204  may provide a seal between head  4206  and housing  4002 . 
     Control chamber  4004  may include one or more circuit boards such as  4212 . Circuit board  4212  may support one or more conductors and one or more circuits or circuit components for providing power to, and control of, the LED light sources. The components may include rotary switches  4214  and  4216 , which correspond to selectors  4012  and  4014 , respectively. Head  4206  may include countersunk holes  4218  and  4220  to accommodate rotary switches  4214  and  4216 , respectively, and selectors  4012  and  4014 , respectively. 
       FIG. 43  is a view of fixture  4000  taken along view lines  43 - 43  (shown in  FIG. 40 ). 
       FIG. 44  is a view of fixture  4000  taken along view lines  44 - 44  (shown in  FIG. 40 ). 
       FIG. 45  is a view of fixture  4000  from the top. 
       FIG. 46  is a view of fixture  4000  from the bottom. Fixture  4000  may include hole  4602 . A fastener (not shown), such as a set screw, may be advanced into head  4206  through hole  4602 . The screw may be caused to impinge on mounting bracket  4102 . The screw may fasten head  4206  to bracket  4102  after bracket  4102  is mounted on a surface and head  4206  is mounted on the bracket. 
       FIG. 47  shows illustrative electronics module  4700  along with bracket  4102  and power cable  4202 . Electronics module  4700  may include circuit board  4212 . Electronics module  4700  may include circuit board  4702 . Electronics module  4700  may include light source  4704 . Electronics module  4700  may include light source  4706 . Electronics module  4700  may include conductors  4708 . Electronics module  4700  may include conductors  4710 . Electronics module  4700  may include conductors  4712 . Electronics module  4700  may include conductors  4714 . 
     Conductors  4708  may be coupled to one or more LEDs that emit light having a first CCT. Conductors  4710  may be coupled to one or more LEDs that emit light having a second CCT. Conductors  4710  may be coupled to one or more LEDs that emit light having a third CCT. Conductors  4710  may be coupled to one or more LEDs that emit light having a fourth CCT. The first CCT and the third CCT may be the same. The second CCT and the fourth CCT may be the same. All of the CCTs may be the same as each other. Each CCT may be different from all of the other CCTs. Each CCT may have any suitable correlated color temperature. 
     Electronics module  4700  may receive power from power cable  4202 . Electronics module  4700  may provide the power to one or both of light sources  4704  and  4706 . Electronics module  4700  may receive a user selection of a CCT at selector  4012 . Electronics module  4700  may receive a power state at selector  4014 . Table 4 shows illustrative power states. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative power states 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Illustrative 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 general 
               
               
                   
                 Light source 
                 Light source 
                 direction of 
               
               
                 Power State 
                 4704 
                 4706 
                 illumination 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 OFF 
                 OFF 
                 OFF 
                 None 
               
               
                 UP only 
                 ON 
                 OFF 
                 L+ 
               
               
                 Down only 
                 OFF 
                 ON 
                 L− 
               
               
                 UP and and Down (“BOTH”) 
                 ON 
                 ON 
                 L+ and L− 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Light source  4704  may include one or more LEDs. The LEDs of light source  4704  may have different CCTs. The CCTs may include a warm CCT. The CCTs may include a cool CCT. Light source  4706  may include one or more LEDs. The LEDs of light source  4706  may have different CCTs. The CCTs may include a warm CCT. The CCTs may include a cool CCT. 
     Electronics module  4700  may receive a CCT state at selector  4012 . The CCT state may correspond to a warm CCT. The CCT state may correspond to a cool CCT. The CCT state may correspond to a CCT that is between a warm CCT and a cool CCT. Electronics module  4700  may provide different amounts of power to the different LEDs in light source  4704  to obtain light having a CCT corresponding to the selected CCT state. Electronics module  4700  may provide different amounts of power to the different LEDs in light source  4706  to obtain light having a CCT corresponding to the selected CCT state. Electronics module  4700  may provide different CCT states for light source different amounts of power to the different LEDs in light source  4706  to obtain light having a CCT corresponding to the selected CCT state. 
       FIG. 48  shows in part fixture  4000  without housing  4002 , end cap  4006  or sealing glass  4010 . Chip holder  4802  may hold light source  4704 . Chip holder  4802  may include holes such as  4806  for receiving a fastener (not shown) for fastening chip holder  4802  to housing  4002 . Chip holder  4802  may hold light source  4704  in a fixed position along axis L relative to housing  4002 . Fixture  4000  may include lens  4808 . Lens  4808  may form light from light source  4704  into a beam. The beam may have a beam-spread angle. 
     Fixture  4000  may include adjustable lens collar  4810 . Lens  4808  may be fixed to collar  4810 . Collar  4810  may include threads  4812 . Threads  4812  may engage counterpart threads (not shown) on housing  4002 . Rotation of collar  4810  about axis L in the threads may cause collar  4810  to translate along axis L. The rotation may cause lens  4808  to translate along axis L. This may change a distance along axis L between lens  4808  and light source  4704 . The change in distance may change the beam-spread angle. 
       FIG. 49  is a partial cross-sectional view taken along lines  49 - 49  (shown in  FIG. 48 ), with housing  4002 , end cap  4006  and sealing glass  4010  included. 
     Housing  4002  may include threads  4902  to engage threads  4812  of collar  4810 . Rotation of collar  4810  in threads  4902  may adjust a distance such as D 1  between surface  4904  of light source  4704  and lens  4808 . Fixture  4000  may include diffuser  4905  on a surface of lens  4808 . 
     End cap  4006  may include threads  4906 . Threads  4902  may engage counterpart threads  4908  on housing  4002 . End cap  4006  may be rotated in housing  4002  to remove end cap  4006 . A user may remove end cap  4006  to access collar  4810  to adjust the beam-spread angle. Seal  4910  may seal between end cap  4006  and housing  4002 . Seal  4910  may prevent moisture, dust or dirt from infiltrating into fixture  4000 . 
       FIG. 50  is a partial cross-sectional view taken along lines  50 - 50  (shown in  FIG. 40 ). Housing  4002  may include threads  5002  to engage threads  5004  of collar  5006 . Rotation of collar  5006  in threads  5002  may adjust a distance such as D 2  between surface  5008  of light source  5010  and lens  5012 . Fixture  4000  may include diffuser  5014  on a surface of lens  5012 . 
     End cap  4008  may include threads  5016 . Threads  5016  may engage counterpart threads  5018  on housing  4002 . End cap  4008  may be rotated in housing  4002  to remove end cap  4008 . A user may remove end cap  4008  to access collar  5006  to adjust the beam-spread angle. Seal  5020  may seal between end cap  4008  and housing  4002 . Seal  5020  may prevent moisture, dust or dirt from infiltrating into fixture  4000 . Fixture  4000  may include chip holder  5022 . 
     One or more of threads  5002 , threads  5004 , collar  5006 , surface  5008 , light source  5010 , lens  5012 , diffuser  5014 , threads  5016 , threads  5018 , seal  5020 , chip holder  5022 , and other features shown in  FIG. 50 , may have one or more structural or functional features in common with a corresponding item shown or described in connection with  FIG. 49 . 
       FIG. 51  is a partial cross-sectional view of fixture  4000  with all parts other than housing  4002 , light source  4704 , light source  5010  and separator  4208  removed. Housing  4002  may include bench  5102 . Housing  4002  may include bench  5104 . Benches  5102  and  5104  may support light sources  4704  and  5010 , respectively. Bench  5102  may include pass-throughs  5106 . Pass-throughs  5106  may provide passage of conductors  4710  and  4708  from chamber  4210  to well  5108 . Bench  5104  may include pass-throughs  5110 . Pass-throughs  5110  may provide passage of conductors  4712  and  4714  from chamber  4210  to well  5112 . 
     Housing  4002  may include posts such as  5114  and  5116 . Posts  5114  and  5116  may be used to mount a circuit board such as  4702 . 
       FIG. 52  shows the features shown in  FIG. 51  from a different direction. 
       FIG. 53  shows illustrative circuit  5300 . Circuit  5300  may be used to provide power to a light source in a fixture such as light fixture  100 , exemplary embodiment  530 , LED landscape flood light  1200 , LED landscape flood light fixture  1600 , light fixture  2000 , light fixture  2300  or any other suitable fixture or embodiment or light. Circuit  5300  may have one or more features in common with one or more of the circuits shown or described in connection with  FIG. 30, 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D, 30E, 30F, 30G or 31 . The light source may include one or more LEDs. One or more of the LEDs may correspond to an LED that may be part of light source  528 , light source  1624 , light emitting element  2324 , LED  3054 , light source  4704 , light source  4706  or any other emitting element of the fixtures. 
     Circuit  5300  may include power input  5302 . Circuit  5300  may include boost converter  5304 . Circuit  5300  may include phase cut dimming converter  5306 . Circuit  5300  may include buck converter  5308 . Circuit  5300  may include buck converter  5310 . 
     Buck converters  5308  and  5310  may include, respectively, output voltages  5312  and  5314  and output voltages  5316  and  5318 . Output voltage  5312  may be coupled to a first LED. Output voltage  5314  may be coupled to a second LED. Output voltage  5316  may be coupled to a third LED. Output voltage  5318  may be coupled to a fourth LED. The CCT of LEDs coupled to the same buck controller may be the same as each other. The CCT of LEDs coupled to the same buck controller may be the different from each other. 
     Output voltages  5312  and  5314  may correspond to LEDs of different CCTs in light source  4704 . Output voltages  5316  and  5318  may correspond to LEDs of different CCTs in light source  4704 . 
     One or more of the LEDs may require a driving voltage of 24 VDC, 30 VDC or any other suitable voltage. Table 5 lists illustrative ranges of LED driving voltages. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative LED driving voltage ranges. 
               
               
                 Illustrative LED driving voltage 
               
               
                 ranges (VDC) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Lower 
                 Upper 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 15 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 35 
               
               
                   
                 35 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 &gt;40 
               
               
                   
                 Other suitable 
                 Other suitable 
               
               
                   
                 lower limits 
                 upper limits 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Power input may receive input power rom a dimmer switch (not shown). The dimmer switch may be a forward phase cut dimmer switch (e.g., magnetic low voltage (“MLV”) or Triac). The switch dimmer may be a reverse phase dimmer switch (e.g., electronic low voltage (“ELV”)). The dimmer switch may be a 0-10V dimmer switch. 
     The phase cut dimmer switch may be any suitable dimmer switch. The dimmer switch may be part of a wall dimmer switch or any other suitable type of dimmer switch. Input AC voltage  5311  may be 12 VAC. Table 6 lists illustrative ranges that may include input AC voltage  5311 . 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative voltage ranges. 
               
               
                 Illustrative voltage ranges 
               
               
                 (VAC) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Lower 
                 Upper 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 15 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 35 
               
               
                   
                 35 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 &gt;40 
               
               
                   
                 Other suitable 
                 Other suitable 
               
               
                   
                 lower limits 
                 upper limits 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Input  5302  may include double bridge rectifier  5320  (DB 1 ). Rectifier  5320  (DB 1 ) terminal  3  may be coupled to terminal  5321  (DC) of integrated circuit (“IC”)  5322  (U 1 ) of boost converter  5304 . Rectifier  5324  (DB 1 ) terminal  4  may be coupled to terminal  5326  (GND) of IC  5322  (U 1 ). IC  5322  (U 1 ) may output a current a terminal  5328  (SE). The current may boost the voltage, relative to terminal  5326  (GND), at anode  5330  of diode  5332  (D 1 ), when conducted through resistor  5334  (R 8 ). This may result in boosted DC voltage VDC b  that is greater than input voltage  5311 . Boost converter  5304  may provide voltage VCDb to jumper  5336  (J 1 ). 
     Boost converter  5304  may provide DC voltage VDC b  to buck converter  5308 . Boost converter  5304  may provide DC voltage VDC b  to buck converter  5310 . 
     VDC b  may be 12 VDC. Table 7 lists illustrative ranges that may include VDC b . 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative boost converter output voltage ranges. 
               
               
                 Illustrative voltage ranges 
               
               
                 (VDC) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Lower 
                 Upper 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 15 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 35 
               
               
                   
                 35 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 45 
               
               
                   
                 45 
                 50 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                 55 
               
               
                   
                 55 
                 60 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 &gt;60 
               
               
                   
                 Other suitable 
                 Other suitable 
               
               
                   
                 lower limits 
                 upper limits 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Buck converter  5308  may provide driving output voltage  5312  based on boost converter  5304  output VDC b . Buck converter  5308  may provide driving output voltage  5314  based on boost converter  5304  output VDC b . 
     Buck converter  5310  may provide driving output voltage  5316  based on boost converter  5304  output VDC b . Buck converter  5310  may provide driving output voltage  5318  based on boost converter  5304  output VDC b . 
     Buck converter  5308  may include IC  5338  (U 21 ). IC  5338  may receive VDC b  at terminal  5340  (VIN). IC  5338  may provide an output current at drive terminal  5342  (DRV). IC  5338  may control the output current based on PWM 1 - 1  signal  5343 , which may be received at dimmer terminal  5344 . When conducted through resistor  5346  (R 30 ), the current may provide bucked voltage  5348  to terminal  5350  (VH) of IC  5352  (U 20 ). Bucked voltage  5348  may be a voltage that is reduced relative to voltage VDC b . Bucked voltage  5348  may be sufficient to power LEDS at outputs  5312  and  5314 . 
     IC  5352  may distribute current through outputs  5312  and  5314  based on CCT control signal  5354 . 
     Buck converter  5308  may thus dim LEDs at outputs  5312  and  5314  based on PWM 1 - 1  signal  5343 . Buck converter  5308  may thus control a mixed optical output, for example, a mixed CCT, of LEDs at outputs  5312  and  5314  based on PWM 1 - 1  signal  5343 . 
     Buck converter  5310  may include IC  5358  (U 11 ). IC  5358  may receive VDC b  at terminal  5360  (VIN). IC  5358  may provide an output current at drive terminal  5362  (DRV). IC  5358  (U 11 ) may control the output current based on PWM 3 - 1  signal  5363 , which may be received at dimmer terminal  5364 . When conducted through resistor  5366  (R 40 ), the current may provide bucked voltage  5368  to terminal  5370  (VH) of IC  5372  (U 10 ). Bucked voltage  5368  may be a voltage that is reduced relative to voltage VDC b . Bucked voltage  5368  may be sufficient to power LEDs at outputs  5316  and  5318 . 
     IC  5372  may distribute current through outputs  5316  and  5318  based on PWM 4 - 1  signal  5374 . 
     Buck converter  5310  may thus dim LEDs at outputs  5316  and  5318  based on PWM 3 - 1  signal  5343 . Buck converter  5310  may thus control a mixed optical output, for example, a mixed CCT, of LEDs at outputs  5316  and  5318  based on PWM 3 - 1  signal  5363 . 
     Circuit  5300  may include microcontroller unit (“MCU”)  5376  (U 3 ). MCU  5376  (U 3 ) may output pulse-width modulated signal  5378  (PWM 1 ),  5380  (PWM 2 ),  5382  (PWM 3 ) and  5384  (PWM 4 ). Signals  5378  (PWM 1 ),  5380  (PWM 2 ),  5382  (PWM 3 ) and  5384  (PWM 4 ) may be transmitted along jumper  5386  (J 2 ). 
     Signals  5343  (PWM 1 - 1 ),  5354  (PWM 2 - 1 ),  5363  (PWM 3 - 1 ) and  5374  (PWM 4 - 1 ) coming off of jumper  5386  (J 2 ) may be continuations of signals  5378  (PWM 1 ),  5380  (PWM 2 ),  5382  (PWM 3 ) and  5384  (PWM 4 ). 
     MCU  5376  (U 3 ) may generate signals  5378  (PWM 1 ) and  5382  (PWM 3 ), which may provide a dimming level to buck converter  5308 , via signal  5343  (PWM 1 - 1 ), and buck converter  5310 , via signal  5363  (PWM 3 - 1 ). MCU  5376  (U 3 ) may generate signals  5378  (PWM 1 ) and  5382  (PWM 3 ) based on phase-cut signal  5388  from dimmer converter  5306 . MCU  5376  (U 3 ) may receive phase-cut signal  5388  at terminal  5389  (ADO). 
     MCU  5376  (U 3 ) may generate signals  5380  (PWM 2 ) and  5384  (PWM 4 ), which may provide a CCT mixing ratio to buck converter  5308 , via signal  5354  (PWM 2 - 1 ), and buck converter  5310 , via signal  5374  (PWM 4 - 1 ). MCU  5376  (U 3 ) may generate signals  5380  (PWM 2 ) and  5384  (PWM 4 ) based on one or both of switch signals  5390  and  5392  from selector circuit  5394 . Selector circuit  5394  may include one or more electrical switches. Activation of a switch may produce a voltage that is readable by MCU  5376  (U 3 ). Activation of a switch may produce a current that is readable by MCU  5376  (U 3 ). A switch may switch between different resistances. The resistances may include discrete resistors. The resistances may be part of a continuously variable resistance source. The resistances may be provided by a potentiometer. A switch may switch between different voltages. A switch may switch between different currents. A switch may be positionable between different positions corresponding to different voltages, resistances or currents. The positions may be discrete positions. The positions may be continuously variable over a range of different positions. 
     The switches may include selectors such as  4012  and  4041 . 
     Switch signal  5390  may correspond to a user selection of a lighting direction mode. The lighting direction mode may include illumination in direction L+ from light source  4704 . The L+ illumination may be “uplight.” The lighting direction mode may include illumination in direction L− from light source  4706 . The L− illumination may be “downlight.” The lighting direction mode may include illumination in both directions L+, from light source  4704 , and L−, from light source  4706 . 
     Switch signal  5392  may correspond to a user selection of a lighting CCT mode. The mode may be a low CCT mode. The mode may be an intermediate CCT mode. The mode may be a high CCT mode. 
     The lighting CCT mode may include 2,700° K illumination (from 2,700° K LEDs in light sources  4704  and  4706 ). 
     The lighting CCT mode may include 3,000° K (from a combination of 2,700° K and 4,000° K LEDs in light source  4704  and in light source  4706 ). The combination may be in accordance with signals  5354  (PWM- 2 ) and  5374  (PWM- 4 ). 
     The lighting CCT mode may include 4,000° K LEDs in light sources  4704  and  4706 ). 
     MCU  5376  (U 3 ) may receive switch signal  5390  at terminal  5396  (AD 5 ). MCU  5376  (U 3 ) may receive switch signal  5392  at terminal  5398  (AD 7 ). Switch signal  5390  may be encoded to indicate UP, DOWN or BOTH. Switch signal  5392  may be encoded to indicate 2,700° K, 3,000° K, or 4,000° K. 
     Circuit  5300  may include voltage regulator  53100 . Voltage regulator may receive voltage VDC b  from boost converter  5304  and provide voltage  53102  (VDD) to power MCU  5376  (U 3 ). In voltage regulator  53100 , resistor  53104  (R 10 ) may provide a first voltage reduction from VDC b  when voltage  53106  is less than a breakdown voltage of Zener diode  53108  (Z 1 ). In that case, MOSFET  53110  will conduct and create the first voltage reduction across resistor  53104  (R 1 ). IC  53112  (U 2 ) may receive the reduced voltage from MOSFET  53110  at terminal  53114 . MOSFET  53110  may internally provide a second voltage reduction and output voltage  53102  (VDD) at terminal  53116 . The two stages of reduced voltage may reduce loss that might occur if a voltage regulator received stepped down from VDC b  to VDD in a single step. 
     Circuit  5300  may include one or more of the items, along with illustrative descriptions of the items, listed in Table 8. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative items. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Illustrative item 
                 Illustrative description of item(s) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Substrate for other items 
                 DOUBLE SIDED PCB FR4 63.5*35*1.6 mm RoHS 
               
               
                 Substrate for other items 
                 DOUBLE SIDED PCB FR4 71*24*1.6 mm RoHS 
               
               
                 A 
                 22# RED TEFLON WIRE 60 mm, DIPPING 3 mm 
               
               
                 B 
                 22# BLACK TEFLON WIRE 60 mm, DIPPING 3 mm 
               
               
                 C1 C16 
                 X5R CHIP CAP 10 uF/25 V, ±10%, 85° C.(1206) 
               
               
                 C1 C2 
                 ELECTROLYTI CAP 100 uF/35 V, ±20%, Φ6.3*11 
               
               
                 C12 C9 
                 X7R CHIP CAP 100 nF/50 V, ±10%, 125° C.(0603) 
               
               
                 C2 
                 X7R CHIP CAP 1 uF/50 V, ±10%, 125° C.(0805) 
               
               
                 C21 C30 
                 X7R CHIP CAP 100 nF/50 V, ±10%, 125° C.(0603) 
               
               
                 C22 C31 
                 X7R CHIP CAP 10 nF/25 V, ±10%, 125° C.(0805) 
               
               
                 C23 C25 C32 C34 
                 X7R CHIP CAP 1 uF/50 V, ±10%, 125° C.(0805) 
               
               
                 C24 C27 C33 
                 X7R CHIP CAP 100 nF/50 V, ±10%, 125° C.(0805) 
               
               
                 C26 C35 
                  1/10 W_SMD RESISTOR_10K ± 1%(0603) 
               
               
                 C3 
                 X7R CHIP CAP 4.7 uF/25 V, ±10%, 125° C.(0805) 
               
               
                 C3 
                 AL CAP 220 uF/35 V, ±20%, 105° C.,Φ8*11.5 
               
               
                 C4 
                 X7R CHIP CAP 1 nF/50 V, ±10%, 125° C.(0805) 
               
               
                 C5 C7 
                 NPO CHIP CAP 100 pF/50 V, ±5%, 125° C.(0805) 
               
               
                 C6 
                 ELECTROLYTIC CAP 470 uF/35 V Φ10*16 
               
               
                 C7 C11 C18 
                 X7R CHIP CAP 100 nF/50 V, ±10%, 125° C.(0805) 
               
               
                 C8 C10 
                 ELECTROLYTI CAP 8.2 uF/100 V, 105° C., Φ5*11 
               
               
                 D1 D2 D6 
                 SMD SCHOTTKY DIODE, DSK26, 2 A/60 V, SOD-123F 
               
               
                 D3 D8 
                 SCHOTTKY DIODE 5 A 100 V SS510B SMB 
               
               
                 D5 
                 SMD SCHOTTKY DIODE 5 A/60 V, SS56, SMA 
               
               
                 DB1 
                 SCHOTTKY BRIDGE RECTIFIER 5 A/40 V 
               
               
                 F1 
                 SMD Slow Break Fuse 5 A/AC12 V/DC32 V(1206) 
               
               
                 J2 
                 4*26# RYWB PVC WIRE 70 mm 
               
               
                 L1 
                 CHIP INDUCTOR 100 uH ± 20% 3.2 A 12*12*8 mm 
               
               
                 L2 L3 
                 SMD INDUCTOR 8*8*4 mm 220 uH RoHS 
               
               
                 LED 
                 Chip-on-Board LED such as that available under the 
               
               
                   
                 tradenames Bridgelux ® Vesta ® Series Tunable White Gen 2 
               
               
                   
                 9 mm Array, described in Product Data Sheet D5350, and 
               
               
                   
                 available from Bridgelux (bridgelux.com). 
               
               
                 MVR 
                 SMD VARISTOR MVR1812-390G 
               
               
                 Q1 
                 TRANSISTER MMBTA06, 1GM(SOT-23) 
               
               
                 Q2 
                 SMD N-MOSFET 15N10, TO-252 
               
               
                 Q3 Q4 
                 SMD N-MOSFET 15N10, TO-252 
               
               
                 R1 R5 
                 ⅛ W CHIP RESISTOR, 4.7K ± 1%(0805) 
               
               
                 R11 
                 ¼ W CHIP RESISTOR, 0.33 R ± 1%(1206) 
               
               
                 R12 
                 ¼ W CHIP RESISTOR, 0.27 R ± 1%(1206) 
               
               
                 R14 
                 ⅛ W CHIP RESISTOR, 39K ± 1%(0805) 
               
               
                 R15 
                  1/10 W CHIP RESISTOR, 10K ± 5%(0603) 
               
               
                 R2 
                 ⅛ W CHIP RESISTOR, 3.9K ± 1%(0805) 
               
               
                 R23 R46 
                  1/10 W CHIP RESISTOR, 100 R ± 1%(0603) 
               
               
                 R24 
                  1/10 W CHIP RESISTOR, 1K ± 1%(0603) 
               
               
                 R26 R31 R33 R41 
                  1/10 W CHIP RESISTOR, 1K ± 1%(0603) 
               
               
                 R27 R34 
                 ¼ W CHIP RESISTOR 39K ± 1%(1206) 
               
               
                 R29 R39 
                 ⅛ W CHIP RESISTOR, 0 R ± 5%(0805) 
               
               
                 R3 R10 
                 ⅛ W CHIP RESISTOR, 10 R ± 1%(0805) 
               
               
                 R30 R40 
                 ⅛ W CHIP RESISTOR, 10K ± 1%(0805) 
               
               
                 R32 R45 
                 ¼ W SMT RESISTOR, 10K ± 1%(1206) 
               
               
                 R37 R43 
                 SMD RESISTOR, ¼ W, 0.68 R ± 1%(1206), ROHS 
               
               
                 R4 
                 ⅛ W CHIP RESISTOR, 10K ± 1%(0805) 
               
               
                 R7 
                 ¼ W CHIP RESISTOR, 2.2K ± 1%(1206) 
               
               
                 R8 R13 
                 ¼ W CHIP RESISTOR, 470 R ± 1%(1206) 
               
               
                 R9 
                 ¼ W CHIP RESISTOR, 15 R ± 1%(1206) 
               
               
                 U1 
                 SMD IC MC34063A SOIC-8 RoHS 
               
               
                 U10 U20 
                 SMD IC BP5926A SOP8 
               
               
                 U11 U21 
                 SMD IC PT4121EE23F SOT23-6 RoHS 
               
               
                 U2 
                 SMD IC, LD1117A, 3.3 V, SOT-89 
               
               
                 U3 
                 SMD IC ME325003AF6P7 TAPE&amp;REE RoHS 
               
               
                 VR2 VR3 
                 0.15 W VR 5K ± 10% HORIZONTAL BAG 
               
               
                 Z1 
                 SMT ZENER DIODE, 12 V ± 2%, 0.5 W, SOD-123 
               
               
                 Z2 Z3 
                 SMD ZENER DIODE 15 V/0.5 W SOD-123 
               
               
                 Any other suitable item 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Circuit may include one or more LEDs such as those so by Luminus, Inc., of Sunnyvale, Calif., under part numbers LUMINUS CXM-6-27-80-18-AC40-F5-3 2780 3 and CXM-6-30-80-18-AC40-F5-3 2780 3, or any other suitable LED or LEDs. 
       FIG. 54  shows process  5400  that may be executed by a processor such as MCU  5376  (U 3 ). Process  5400  may begin at step  5402 . At step  5404 , the processor may initialize. At step  5406 , the processor may sample analog signals received at the processor&#39;s input terminals and convert them to digital data. At step  5408 , the processor may apply a filter to the data. The filter may remove noise. 
     At step  5410 , the processor may determine (for example, from Pin  10  (SCL) and a sensed or stored power state) whether an up/down light-switch setting is different from a current power state. The up/down light-switch may correspond to selector  4014 . If the setting is different from a current power, process  5400  may continue at step  5412 . At step  5412 , the processor may generate an output in accordance with Table 9. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Error! Reference source not found. Illustrative power states 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Light source 
                 Light source 
                   
               
               
                 Power State 
                 4704 
                 4706 
                 Step 5412 Processor output 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 OFF 
                 OFF 
                 OFF 
                 Set PWM3 to 0 (override output 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 from step 5420 (described below)) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Set PWM1 to 0 (override output 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 from step 5420 (described below)) 
               
               
                 UP only 
                 ON 
                 OFF 
                 Set PWM3 to 0 
               
               
                 Down only 
                 OFF 
                 ON 
                 Set PWM1 to 0 
               
               
                 UP and Down (“BOTH”) 
                 ON 
                 ON 
                 Do not set PWM3 to 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Do not set PWM1 to 0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     After step  5412 , process  5400  may continue at step  5414 . 
     If at step  5410  the setting is not different from a current power state, process  5400  may continue at step  5414 . 
     At step  5414 , the processor may determine (for example, from Pin  11  (PB_ 10 )) and a sensed or stored CCT state) whether a CCT-state selector setting is different from a current CCT state. The CCT-state selector may correspond to selector  4012 . If the setting is different from a current CCT state, process  5400  may continue at step  5416 . At step  5416 , the processor may generate a PWM 2  signal (e.g., on pin  13  (PB_ 1 )) that is consistent with the CCT-state selector setting. At step  5416 , the processor may generate a PWM 4  signal (e.g., on pin  2  (WAKEUP (repurposed))) that is consistent with the CCT-state selector setting. The PWM 2  signal and the PWM 4  signal may be the same or nearly the same as each other. The PWM 2  signal and the PWM 4  signal may be different from each other. The PWM 2  signal may be a function of the PWM 4  signal. The PWM 4  signal may be a function of the PWM 2  signal. The function may include a function. The function may include a user-selectable function. 
     After step  5416 , process  5400  may continue at step  5418 . 
     If at step  5414  the setting is not different from a current CCT state, process  5400  may continue at step  5418 . 
     At step  5418 , the processor may determine (for example, from Pin  9  (ADO) and a sensed or stored dimming state corresponding to an LED light source) whether a dimming signal from a dimmer switch (e.g., a dimmer switch from which circuit  5300  receives power) is different from a current dimming state. If the dimming signal is different from a current dimming state, process  5400  may continue at step  5420 . At step  5420 , the processor may generate a PWM 1  signal (e.g., on pin  12  (PB_ 0 )) that is consistent with the dimming signal. At step  5420 , the processor may generate a PWM 3  signal (e.g., on pin  14  (PB_ 4 )) that is consistent with the dimming signal. The PWM 1  signal and the PWM 3  signal may be the same or nearly the same as each other. The PWM 1  signal and the PWM 3  signal may be different from each other. The PWM 1  signal may be a function of the PWM 3  signal. The PWM 3  signal may be a function of the PWM 1  signal. The function may include a user-selectable function. 
     After step  5420 , process  5400  may continue at step  5406 . 
     If at step  5418  the setting is not different from a current dimming state, process  5400  may continue at step  5406 . 
     Process  5400  may be terminated when the processor is turned off. Process  5400  may be restarted when the processor is reset. 
     All ranges and parameters disclosed herein shall be understood to encompass any and all subranges subsumed therein, every number between the endpoints, and the endpoints. For example, a stated range of “1 to 10” should be considered to include any and all subranges between (and inclusive of) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, all subranges beginning with a minimum value of 1 or more (e.g. 1 to 6.1), and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less (e.g., 2.3 to 9.4, 3 to 8, 4 to 7), and finally to each number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 contained within the range. 
     Numerous additional embodiments, within the scope of the present invention, will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the above description and the claims which follow. Such variations are to be considered within the scope of the invention. 
     Thus, methods and apparatus for lighting have been provided. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be practiced by other than the described embodiments, which are presented for purposes of illustration rather than of limitation.