Patent Publication Number: US-7215275-B2

Title: Independent temperature and apparent color control technology for adaptive camouflage

Description:
This Claims benefit of Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/527,005 filed on 5 Dec. 2003. 

   FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to an adaptive Camouflage device that can provide simultaneous signature matching in several spectral bands. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   One method to increase the military&#39;s chances of survival on the battlefield is to use camouflage techniques. Sensor technology, however, has improved tremendously during the last few years and effective signature management methods need to be used simultaneously in several spectral bands. Modern camouflage systems should, therefore, be capable of reducing signatures to a level similar to that of the background and particularly in the visual, infrared and radar bands simultaneously. Furthermore, background features are not stable and actual camouflage means are generally statistical averages for reducing a signature in most cases. 
   There are no techniques or materials, at present, which are capable of producing a “chameleon” effect in several spectral bands. Current camouflage materials are capable of producing acceptable close to background level in visual, infrared and radar bands. They cannot, however, change so as to match different environmental conditions simultaneously to acceptable levels. Some materials exist that can change their properties in one particular spectral band, for example, a change of colour in the visual band but cannot change in other spectral bands. No known material, up to present exist that allow for simultaneous signature matching in the visual, infrared and radar bands. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   It is an object of the present invention to provide a camouflage device that allows for simultaneous acceptable signature matching in several different spectral bands. 
   An adaptive camouflage device according to the present invention comprises a panel having rows and columns of selectively rotatable elements with outer surfaces of the elements being covered with bands of various colours, said bands being parallel to an axis of the rotatable element, the elements being located behind a transparent layer whereby on rotation of the elements various colour combination are observable through said transparent layer, a heat transfer fluid being located between the transparent layer and the rotatable elements, which fluid is in contact with Peltier elements to adjust the temperature of the fluid. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a front view of an adaptive panel according to the present invention where colours can be selectively exhibited at the surface of the panel and its infrared emission can be selectively altered. 
       FIG. 2  is a back view of the panel shown in  FIG. 1 . 
   

   BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   One of the methods to increase the military&#39;s chances of survival on the battlefield is to use camouflage techniques. Sensor technology, however, has improved tremendously over the last few years and effective signature management methods now need to be used simultaneously in several spectral bands. Modern camouflage systems should, therefore, be capable of reducing signatures to a level similar to that of the background and particularly in the visual, infrared and radar bands. Background feature are not stable, however, and actual camouflage means are generally statistical averages for reducing signatures in most cases. 
   There has not been, up to present, any techniques or materials that are capable of producing a “chameleon” effect in several spectral bands.  FIG. 1  is a front view of an adaptive panel according to the present invention where three separate colours can be selectively exhibited at the surface of panel and its infrared emission can simultaneous be selectively altered. 
   To obtain an adequate “chameleon” effect at the surface of the panel  2  shown in  FIG. 1  and produce a programmable camouflage pattern in all spectral bands of interest, cells  3 , 3 ′, 4 , 4 ′ and those in columns  5  to  12  in that panel  2  must be divided into easily controlled compartments or individual pixels. Each cell  3 , 3 ′, 4 , 4 ′ and those in columns  5  to  12  can then be programmed individually to a visual, infrared or radar level according to current environmental conditions when the background features change. It is then possible to make isolated changes in the panel&#39;s signature but a “sandwich” type approach must be applied for each of the spectral bands in addition to a judicious use of transparency and opacity features. For the outer layer of the panel, a transparent material (not shown) is used and its temperature is controlled with a heat transfer fluid flowing in a closed circuit in each cell. The fluid is cooled and heated, as applicable, by Peltier elements  13  located behind the assembly. Those Peltier elements  13  are also arranged in rows and columns and are shown in the back view of the panel in  FIG. 2  along with a fan  15  behind the Peltier elements to adjust the temperature of the Peltier elements. An apparent change in temperature can be obtained by these means. At the same time, colour changes can be activated separately by triangular cross-sectional shaped elements at the back of the transparent layer by the rotation of the metallic triangles whose sides are covered with various coloured paints. Those triangular elements are arranged in rows and columns and can be activated individually or as a group to form various colour combinations. Radar absorption is performed by the transparent layer and heat transfer liquid and the emission coefficient can subsequently be controlled separately by skilful orientation of the metallic triangles in various directions i.e. by placing their edges next to the transparent layer. By orienting the metallic triangles separately, it is then possible to adapt the signature of the cells as a whole to the current environmental conditions. In addition, use of various paints combined with radar absorption materials with various radar absorption coefficients can also contribute to radar signature modification of the system. 
   These cells are compatible with a military environment since they have a very resistant outer surface. Furthermore, each unit is completely independent and only needs electrical power. 
   Various modifications may be made to the preferred embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. 
   The triangular shaped elements could, for instance, have other shapes including cylinders as long as bands on the outer surface have various colours and the bands are parallel to the axis of the rotatable elements.