Patent Publication Number: US-6220961-B1

Title: Multi-level lottery-type gaming method and apparatus

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to games of chance and, more particularly, to lottery-type games which provide for greater player participation. The invention encompasses a gaming method, an apparatus through which the game may be played, and a program product for implementing the game. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Lottery-type games are popular sources of revenue for governmental agencies and charitable organizations. As used in this disclosure, a “lottery-type game” comprises a game having a predetermined number of payouts or prizes and a determined chance of winning. For example, a lottery-type game may comprise a scratch-off or pull tab game having a number of pre-printed tickets. Each ticket has some type of printed outcome indicator which indicates if the particular ticket is a winning ticket and, if the ticket is a winning ticket, indicates the prize or payout. The outcome indicator is commonly covered with some opaque cover material which may be scratched off or otherwise removed to reveal the outcome indicator. Thus, the ticket purchaser cannot see if the ticket is a winning ticket until purchasing the ticket and removing the opaque cover material. 
     Prior lottery-type games suffer from the fact that the games require no player involvement other than simply uncovering the outcome indicator to find the predetermined prize or payout. Thus, prior lottery-type games lack the player excitement generated in casino-type games of chance such as draw poker and black jack, for example, which require active player participation and some level of player skill. 
     In recognition of this disadvantage of lottery-type games, some of these games are made to resemble casino-type games. For example, each outcome indicator on a scratch-off game may comprise a representation of a draw poker hand. Winning tickets in this type of scratch-off game may include an outcome indicator which represents a traditional winning poker hand such as a straight, flush, or full house, for example. These lottery-type games use illustrations related to casino-type games in an effort to create a sense of excitement in the lottery-type game similar to the excitement associated with the depicted casino-type game. However, in spite of these illustrations in lottery-type games, the games remain essentially passive, with little player involvement. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the invention to provide a gaming method which provides for greater player involvement while maintaining the predetermined chances of winning and readily verifiable, predetermined payouts which are characteristic of lottery-type games. 
     A gaming method according to the invention utilizes a first level game and at least one second level or daughter game. Each game at a particular level comprises a separate lottery type game having a number or plurality of game records. Each game record includes a predetermined outcome. Thus, for example, the first level game includes a plurality of first level game records and each first level game record includes a first level game outcome. 
     Some forms of the invention include additional level games in addition to the first and second level games. Also, some forms of the invention may include several different second level games or several different games at a particular additional level. Regardless of the number of game levels and the number of different games at each particular level, each game at a particular level comprises a separate lottery-type game. 
     Each game record according to the invention may be embodied in a ticket such as a scratch-off ticket, or may be embodied in a data structure, such as a data structure maintained on a computer readable medium. Each game outcome represents the outcome associated with the particular game record. For example, the game outcome associated with a particular game record may comprise a winning outcome which is associated with a prize or payout, or may comprise a losing outcome not associated with any prize or payout. The game records for each game level according to the invention may be developed by any suitable means including prior art means for generating or manufacturing lottery-type games. 
     According to the invention, the first level game has at least one first level game record which includes an outcome representing a first level negotiable outcome. A second level game is related to the first level negotiable outcome in that participation in that particular second level game is possible only if a player receives the first level negotiable outcome in the first level game. As used in this disclosure and the accompanying claims the phrase “negotiable outcome” means that the associated game record entitles the receiving player to participate in a next level game. Also, a negotiable outcome may, in some forms of the invention, entitle the receiving player to participate in any one of several different next level games. 
     In the course of play, a player is enabled to view a first level game representation associated with a particular first level game record. For example, the first level game representation may comprise some printed indicia on a scratch-off ticket and the player is enabled to view the first level game representation by receiving the game record, that is, the scratch-off ticket, and by removing an opaque cover from the scratch-off ticket. Alternatively, the first level game representation may be some graphic representation displayed on a player terminal in response to a first level play request which the player has entered through the terminal. In this latter case, the player receives the associated game record through the terminal and is enabled to view the first level game representation when the terminal displays the game representation. In any event, the first level game representation may include some representation related to a traditional casino-type game. The first level game representation may, for example, comprise a graphical representation of a draw poker hand or a blackjack hand. 
     When a player is enabled to view a first level game representation associated with the first level negotiable outcome, the player may participate in the second level game related to the first level negotiable outcome. In some cases the received first level game record may be associated with a predetermined prize or payout. In these cases the player has a choice of “cashing in” for the currently indicated payout or participating in a second level game. However, in some implementations of the invention, each first level game record is associated with an expected value and not necessarily a current value or payout. The expected value is related to the potential payouts in a second level game. 
     To participate in the second level game, the player makes a second level play request which enables the player to view a second level game representation associated with a particular second level game record. The second level play request may comprise the act of scratching off an opaque covering where the game records are embodied in scratch-off tickets, or may comprise providing some terminal input where the game representations are displayed through a player terminal. Regardless of how the player is enabled to view the second level game representation, the game representation is associated with a particular second level game outcome and second level game record. The outcome may comprise a second level winning outcome having some associated payout, or may comprise a second level losing outcome having no associated prize or payout. According to the invention, the second level game representation includes a representation portion in common with the first level game representation. 
     Where the received second level game record is associated with a second level negotiable outcome, the player may participate in an additional level game. The player participates in the additional level game by making an additional play request by suitable means depending upon the particular implementation of the invention. 
     These interrelated game levels according to the invention facilitate greater player participation in the games. Each game, however, remains strictly a lottery-type game with a predetermined payout or prize for each game record, similar to the predetermined prize or payout for each ticket of a traditional scratch-off or pull tab game. Thus, the games are readily verifiable and avoid the variability in total payout which is characteristic of casino-type games. Yet the game representations associated with each game record according to the invention may be related to a casino-type game so that it appears to the player that they are participating in a casino-type game rather than a lottery-type game. 
     In the preferred form of the invention, the game records are implemented as electronic data structures and the associated game representations are displayed on a player terminal. In addition to a suitable display, the terminal includes a player input device which enables the player to make game play requests and perhaps other types of inputs. A communication arrangement is included in the apparatus for facilitating communications between the player terminal and a game record storage device which stores the game records. 
     In this electronic form of the invention, the player terminal has associated with it a play control arrangement for controlling the play of the game. The play control arrangement may comprise software instructions executed on a processor at the terminal or a processor associated with the terminal. This play control software includes first level game code which causes the player terminal to display a first level game representation in response to a first level play request initiated by the player at the player terminal. Second level game program code included in the game control software causes the player terminal to respond to a second level play request if the outcome of the particular first level game record associated with the game representation comprises the first level negotiable outcome. The terminal responds to such a game play request by displaying a second level game representation associated with a particular second level game record. 
     In the electronically implemented form of the invention, the game representations may be created in several different ways. For example, each game record may include a game representation comprising software instructions for producing a desired graphic display at the player terminal. In this case, the game representation is transferred to the terminal in response to a game play request. Alternatively, the game representations may be generated by information derived from the outcome associated with a particular game record, or may be generated from other information included in the game record. In this latter case, the terminal has associated with it a game representation generation arrangement which may comprise software adapted to generate instructions to produce a particular graphic display. 
     The player terminal type implementation of the invention provides additional opportunity for making a single level of the present gaming method have the appearance of a casino-type game. For example, an outcome associated with a particular game record may be a winning outcome which does not entitle the player to participate in the next level game, but still provides the appearance of requiring additional player participation. As applied to a poker related game, a player may receive a game record which causes the terminal to display a poker hand which does not indicate a winning outcome even though the record is, in fact, associated with a winning outcome. In response to a player input, the terminal may modify the display such as by drawing additional cards and/or by showing the dealer&#39;s hand. This modified display or game representation will indicate the particular winning outcome associated with the game record which the player has already received. 
     These and other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments, considered along with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a gaming apparatus embodying one preferred form of the invention. 
     FIG. 2A is a table showing potential outcomes associated with a first level game in a preferred implementation of the invention. 
     FIG. 2B is a table showing potential outcomes associated with a set of second level games related to outcomes in FIG.  2 A. 
     FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a gaming method embodying the principles of the invention and using the set of games shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. 
     FIG. 4A is a table showing the payout for a first level game in which the game representations are associated with a black jack game. 
     FIG. 4B is a table showing the payout for a second level game related to one negotiable outcome of the first level game shown in FIG.  4 A. 
     FIG. 4C is a table showing the payout for a third level game related to one negotiable outcome of the second level game shown in FIG.  4 B. 
     FIG. 5 is a table showing the prize structure for an alternate multi-level lottery-type game according to the invention. 
     FIG. 6 is a payout table for the game shown in FIG.  5 . 
     FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a gaming method which uses the prize structure and payout table shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. 
     FIG. 8 is a table showing potential outcomes for one second level game used in the gaming method of FIG.  7 . 
     FIG. 9 is a table showing potential outcomes for another second level game used in the method set out in FIG.  7 . 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1 shows a gaming apparatus  10  embodying the principles of the invention. The form of the invention shown in FIG. 1 is adapted to implement a gaming method illustrated in FIGS. 2A,  2 B, and  3 . As will be discussed with particular reference to FIGS. 2A,  2 B, and  3 , the gaming method employs at least two different lottery-type games. Each game is played with a number or plurality of game records, which in this implementation of the invention, each comprise electronic data structures. 
     The game records are created at a game manufacturing computer system  11  and then stored in a storage device associated with a central computer system  12 . Central computer system  12  is connected to communicate via suitable means with a plurality of player terminals  14 . Although four player terminals  14  are shown in FIG. 1 for purposes of illustrating the invention, any number of player terminals may be included in an apparatus embodying the principles of the invention. 
     Each player terminal  14  includes a display  15  for displaying various game representations, and further includes an input device  16  for receiving player inputs including game play requests. The input device may comprise any type of input arrangement including one or more push button, key, or lever activated switches. Also, the input device may comprise a touch screen and thus be integrated with the display  15 . Although not shown in the drawings, each player terminal  14  may also include an arrangement for receiving payments from a player and an arrangement for making payouts to the player. 
     The player terminals  14  shown in FIG. 1 also include a processor  18  for executing game control software which implements the gaming method of the invention. Other forms of the invention may perform some or all of this game play processing at a central computer system such as system  12 . The invention is not limited to any particular processing arrangement, and any processing arrangement which performs the gaming method described in this disclosure is to be considered an equivalent to the illustrative processing arrangement shown in FIG.  1 . 
     Game records for the different games used in the invention may be generated by any suitable means. For example, once a desired quantity of each potential outcome is determined for a particular game, that number of game records for each outcome may be generated by a suitable method. Each record includes some information which indicates, or may be used to indicate, if the particular record is a winning or losing record. That is, each record includes some means for indicating a particular outcome associated with the record. For example, each record may include a record identifier, an outcome, and a game representation. Alternatively, each game record may include only a record identifier. In this latter form of game record, the outcome and perhaps other information associated with the record may be maintained in separate tables or other data structures which are accessed using the game record identifier. Regardless of how the game records for each game are manifested, once the records are generated, they may be shuffled or otherwise randomized electronically in a separate randomization step. Both the game record generation and randomization may be performed at a separate game manufacturing system such as system  11  shown in FIG.  1 . 
     The randomized game records may be arranged in groups, and groups of randomized game records may be transferred for distribution or sale to one or more separate computer systems such as the central computer system  12  shown in FIG.  1 . These groups of randomized game records are analogous to books of scratch-off tickets distributed to lottery retailers. As will be discussed in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2A,  2 B, and  3 , the randomized game records for each game are distributed sequentially to the various player terminals  14 . This sequential distribution is analogous to the distribution of scratch-off tickets by a retailer. In the illustrated form of the invention, central computer  12  includes a storage device such as a hard drive (not shown separately) for storing the game records required in a particular implementation of the invention. Central computer  12  may also include programming for performing various accounting and verification functions associated with the play of the game. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be embodied in many arrangements other than the illustrative arrangement shown in FIG.  1 . For example a single computer system may generate the game records according to the invention and may also store the game records for distribution to several player terminals such as terminals  14 . Alternatively, a single computer system could perform the game record generation function, the game record storage function, and player interaction function, thus replacing the separate systems  11 ,  12 , and  14  shown in FIG.  1 . These alternative arrangements are to be considered equivalent to the arrangement shown in FIG.  1 . Furthermore, rather than randomizing an entire set of game records and then distributing the records sequentially, the game records could be drawn randomly and distributed from a sequentially arranged set of records. This alternative game record randomization technique is to be considered within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims. 
     FIGS. 2A,  2 B, and  3  may be used to describe a gaming method according to the invention which may be implemented through the apparatus  10  shown in FIG.  1 . FIGS. 2A and 2B list the potential outcomes and associated game representations of a set of first and second level games. FIG. 3 shows the process steps performed in the illustrative gaming method. In this form of the invention, the gaming method employs two game levels to imitate a traditional draw poker casino-type game. Each game representation comprises a representation of five poker cards. This particular gaming method does not employ game representations which include a representation of a dealer&#39;s hand. However, the gaming method may be modified easily to give the player the appearance of playing against a dealer. 
     The gaming method shown in FIG. 3 employs a single first level game, and five separate second level games. As shown in FIG. 2A, each game record of the first level game is associated with one of four potential outcomes, an immediate winning outcome, an after draw winning outcome, a negotiable outcome, and a losing outcome. The first level game may be referred to as the “initial deal” game. The five second level games shown in FIG. 2B are entitled “draw to jacks or better,” “draw to two pair,” “draw to four card straight,” “draw to four card flush,” and “draw to three of a kind.” 
     Referring now to FIG. 3, the gaming method starts with an initial player request shown at reference numeral  30 . The initial player request may comprise a first level play request which the player enters through input device  16  associated with a particular terminal  14  shown in FIG.  1 . Commonly the player will be required to make a payment in some manner through terminal  14  in order to enable the terminal to act on the play request. The properly enabled terminal  14  responds to the first level play request at process block  31  in FIG. 3 by fetching or retrieving a particular first level game record from the game record storage device (not shown) which may, for example, be associated with the central computer system  12  in FIG.  1 . Display device  15  then displays the first level game representation associated with the particular first level game record which has been retrieved. Displaying the first level game representation at display  15  enables the player to view the first level game representation and thereby determine the outcome associated with the particular record. It will be noted that the particular first level game record retrieved is retrieved sequentially from the game records still available in the particular game. However, the player preferably has no way of knowing how many game records are still available in the first level game or what prizes have already been paid out in the game. For this reason, and by virtue of the fact that the records generated in a game are all associated with a fixed outcome, the first level play request according to the invention is analogous to the purchase of a scratch-off lottery ticket. 
     The first level outcome associated with the retrieved first level game record may be an immediate winning outcome. For example, the winning outcome may be a straight flush. In this case the first level game representation comprises a graphical representation of a straight flush. This graphical representation was displayed at step  31  after the particular record was retrieved. Since the outcome is an immediate winning outcome, the process branches at block  32  and at block  33  makes the appropriate payout. According to the table shown in FIG. 2A, the payout for a first level immediate winning outcome represented by a straight flush comprises $1000. This payout may be made in any suitable fashion. 
     Alternatively, the first level outcome associated with the retrieved first level game record fetched at step  31  may comprise an after-draw winning outcome. In this case, the first level game representation displayed at display  15  comprises a graphical representation of a hand having no apparent value, for example, a five card hand having only a pair of “nine” cards. In the case of a retrieved record associated with an after-draw winning outcome, the process shown in FIG. 3 branches that decision box  35 , enabling the player to make an input at block  36 . In response to this player input at block  36 , the gaming method includes displaying a modified game representation comprising some graphical representation of a winning outcome. This displaying step is shown at process block  37  in FIG.  3 . For example, after the player input at block  36  the representation shown on display  15  may be modified to show a pair of “nines” which appear to have been held from the initial deal, and three of a kind which appear to have been drawn to produce a full house. After displaying the modified game representation at step  37 , the appropriate payout is made at process block  38 . 
     It will be noted that the after-draw winning outcome is still only the outcome of the particular first level game which has been retrieved at block  31 . Even though it appears to the player that they have drawn to a full house, the final payout was dictated by the first level outcome associated with the retrieved first level game record. This alter-draw winning case is to be distinguished from the negotiable outcomes which enable the player to participate in a second level game if they so choose. 
     In the situation where the retrieved first level game record is associated with the outcome “jacks or better,” the process at block  31  displays a first level game representation comprising a graphical representation of a five card hand having a pair of jacks, queens, kings, or aces, and then the process branches at decision box  39 . This first level negotiable outcome gives the player the choice of drawing or holding at input box  40 . If the player does not make an input representing a draw, the process branches to payout block  33  and the system makes the indicated payout, $2 in the example shown in FIG.  2 A. 
     However, at input block  40  the player may enter a second level play request or draw request through input device  16  associated with the terminal  14  (FIG.  1 ). This second level play request effectively purchases a new record in the second level game “draw to jacks or better” having the potential outcomes “full house,” “4 of a kind,” “jacks or better,” “two pair,” and “3 of a kind” shown in FIG.  2 B. The purchase is made with the value of the payout which would have been paid at block  33  had the player not made a second level play request at input box  40 . The gaming method responds to the second level play request by retrieving a second level game record at process block  41  and, at process block  42 , displaying a second level game representation associated with the retrieved second level game record. The process then moves to payout block  38  where the system makes any payout associated with the outcome of the retrieved second level game record. For example, the outcome associated with the second level game record may comprise a full house. In this example the second level game representation comprises a graphical representation of the pair of cards shown in the hand comprising the first level game representation, along with three of the same type of card. Thus, the second level game representation is consistent with the first level game representation and includes a common representation portion, that common portion being the two cards that appear to have been held from the first level game representation. Preferably, the display  15  is operated to make it appear to the player that they have played a draw poker hand and drawn to a full house. However, the player has not truly played a draw poker hand in which individual cards are received at random, but has instead played two related lottery-type games, the second lottery-type game related to the “jacks or better” negotiable outcome of the first lottery-type game. 
     The process proceeds in the same manner where the outcome associated with the first level game record retrieved at process block  31  comprises one of the other negotiable outcomes. Where the first level outcome comprises two pair, the game representation produced at display  15  comprises a graphical representation of a five card hand including two pair and the process branches at decision block  44  to input block  45 . The player may then enter a second level play request through a suitable player input  16  (FIG. 1) to participate in the second level game entitled “draw to two pair.” Alternatively, the player may elect to “stand” by not entering a second level play request at  45 , causing the process to branch to payout block  33  where the system makes the payout for the “two pair” first level game outcome. Where the second level play request is entered at  45 , the method moves to process block  46  and a second level game record is retrieved from the collection of records comprising the “draw to two pair” game. At process block  42 , the system displays the second level game representation associated with the outcome of the record retrieved at  46 . Finally, any payout associated with the second level game outcome is paid at block  38  and the process ends. 
     Where the first level game outcome comprises a four card flush, the process branches at decision block  47  and the player may enter a second level play request at input block  48 . A second level play request at block  48  causes the process to proceed to block  49  where the system retrieves a second level game record from the second level game entitled “draw to four card flush.” From this point the process goes to the display step at block  42  and then the payout step at block  38 . 
     Where the first level game outcome associated with a first level game record retrieved at block  31  comprises a four card straight, the process branches at decision block  50  and the player may enter a second level play request at input block  51 . A second level play request at block  51  takes the process to block  52  where the system retrieves a second level game record from the second level game entitled “draw to four card straight.” From block  52  the process moves to the display step at block  42  and then the payout step at block  38 . 
     Finally, where the first level game outcome at block  31  comprises the three of a kind outcome, the process branches at decision block  54  and the player may enter a second level play request at input block  55 . A second level play request at block  55  causes the process to move to block  56  where the system retrieves a second level game record from the second level game entitled “draw to three of the kind.” From block  56  the process moves to the second level game representation display step at block  42  and then the payout step at block  38 . 
     As at block  40 , a second level play request or draw request at blocks  45 ,  48 ,  51 , or  55  is essentially a request to participate in a particular second level game related to the particular negotiable outcome. The cost of participating in the second level game is the value of the first level negotiable outcome. Should the player not enter a second level play request at input blocks  40 ,  45 ,  48 ,  51 , or  55 , the player forgoes the opportunity to participate in the particular second level game and receives the payout associated with the first level negotiable outcome for the first level game record retrieved at block  31 . 
     The final possible first level game outcome comprises a losing outcome in which the player receives no payout. In this case, the first level game representation displayed at block  31  comprises a graphical representation of a five card poker hand having no value. After displaying the first level game representation, the gaming method passes down through decision blocks  32 ,  35 ,  39 ,  44 ,  47 ,  50 , and  54  to player input block  58  where the player is allowed to make a draw input and a result is displayed. The first level game outcome retrieved at block  31  dictates that the game representation displayed after the draw input at  58  still comprises a hand of no value. From block  58 , the process ends and the player may again enter the first level game at start block  30 . 
     Each game record retrieval step, such as steps  31 ,  41 ,  46 ,  49 ,  52 , and  56  in FIG. 3, is performed by a game play control arrangement comprising first and second game level software code or instructions executed by a processor associated with the gaming apparatus. Similarly, the game representation displaying steps  31 ,  37 , and  42 , and decision steps  32 ,  35 ,  39 ,  44 ,  47 ,  50 , and  54  are performed by software instructions, along with the payout steps  33  and  38 . 
     The game representations themselves may be generated from software instructions included in the respective game records. In this case the software includes retrieval code or instructions for retrieving the game record and executing the retrieved game representation. However, the game representations are more preferably generated from software instructions residing at the displaying device and called by instructions included in the respective game record. In this latter case, the implementing software includes game representation generation code for generating the various game representations based on information in the retrieved game records. These implementations and hybrids of the two are to be considered equivalents for purposes of the following claims. Also, game representation modifications within a single game level, such as a modification made after input block  36  in FIG. 3, are preferably performed by representation modification code included in the code for a particular game level. 
     Also, the processor which executes the various software instructions for a particular game play comprises the processor  18  included in the respective gaming terminal  14  shown in FIG.  1 . Otherwise, the processing steps may be distributed to other processors included in the system such as a processor associated with central computer  12 . 
     It will be apparent from the method set out in FIG. 3, that the invention provides a major advantage over prior lottery-type games, particularly when implemented in a computer-based apparatus such as that shown in FIG.  1 . In the computer-based apparatus  10  shown in FIG. 1, the method of the invention may be implemented so that it appears to the player that they are participating in a regular casino-type game in which results are randomized for each individual play and the outcome of each play is uncertain. That is, the various game representations may be designed so that it appears to the player that they are playing casino-type poker, for example. Regardless of this appearance, the player is in fact only participating in one or more lottery-type games each having a fixed set of available game records and each record having a predetermined, readily verifiable outcome. 
     Alternatively to the electronic or computer-based implementation, the gaming method according to the invention may be implemented by scratch-off or pull tab tickets. Although this implementation does not provide a realistic appearance of playing a casino-type, it does better mimic such a game and may generate more player interest than traditional scratch-off or pull tab games. 
     In a scratch-off ticket implementation, each scratch-off ticket (not shown) is preprinted with two or more game representations, each game representation associated with a different game record from a particular lottery-type game. Each game representation is obscured by some covering which may be removed to enable a player to view the respective game representation and determine an outcome indicated by the game representation. A player plays the scratch-off ticket embodiment of the invention by purchasing the ticket and removing the covering material to expose the first level game representation. The now exposed first level game representation indicates the first level game outcome. This first level game outcome may comprise a negotiable outcome which enables the player to participate in a second level game. The player may participate in the second level game by removing the covering material to expose the second level game representation. By removing the covering material to expose the second level game representation, the player effectively purchases the second level game record with the value of the first level negotiable outcome. The second level game is in any case, related to the particular negotiable outcome of the first level game. Of course the player may choose not to participate in the second level game and instead collect the prize associated with the first level negotiable outcome. 
     FIG. 4A shows a payout table for an alternative first level game according to the invention. The particular game illustrated in FIG. 4A is related to a blackjack game. The game is manufactured at a manufacturing system such as computer system  11  in FIG. 1, and includes a total of one million records. The records are separated into subgroups or books of five thousand and these subgroups may be distributed to retailers or retailing machines such as central system  12  in FIG.  1 . FIG. 4A shows the total number of each type of winning outcome associated with a first level game record in the pool, the total number of winning outcomes per subgroup, and the aggregate prize value for each type or winning record. 
     When this form of the invention is implemented in a computer-based system such as that shown in FIG. 1, each first level game representation displayed at the player terminal display  15  for a retrieved first level game record comprises a representation of a blackjack game. For example, a first level game representation may comprise two player cards shown face up along with two dealer cards, one card up and one down card. The outcome associated with each first level record may be a winning outcome having some associated payout, or a losing outcome with no payout. Also at least one winning outcome of the first level game comprises a negotiable outcome which entitles the player to participate in a second level game. 
     If the outcome associated with a first level game record comprises a losing outcome, the game control arrangement controls the player terminal display  15  (FIG. 1) to show a first level game representation which portrays the losing outcome. The displayed game representation portrays the losing outcome regardless of the action taken by the player to hit or stay through the player input  16  shown in FIG.  1 . If the player makes an input requesting one or more additional cards, the representation at display  15  is preferably modified to show that the dealer wins. The dealer may be shown as winning either by beating the player&#39;s hand or by having the player break. 
     When the outcome associated with a particular first level game record is a negotiable outcome and player makes an input indicating that they wish to stay, the game play arrangement controls the display  15  to show a game representation which fits the payout associated with the particular first level record. For example, the game play arrangement may simply make the payout after the original deal. However, in the preferred form of the invention the game play arrangement modifies the game representation shown on display  15  to show that the player wins. The player may be shown to win by having the dealer break or by having the player&#39;s hand beat the dealer&#39;s hand. 
     It will be noted that the initial game representation associated with a particular record may not indicate the final winning outcome associated with the record. For example, a first level game record may be associated with winning outcome of “18” shown in FIG.  4 B. However, the initial game representation shown on display  15  may show an “8” for example. After a player input, the game representation shown on display  15  may be changed to show a face card dealt to the player to produce a hand of “18,” and to show that the dealer either breaks or ends up with a lower hand. Also, the initial game representation associated with a game record having losing outcome may show that the player has a good hand, such as an “18” for example. After the player stays, however, the game representation will be modified to show that the dealer&#39;s hand beats the player&#39;s “18” since the retrieved game record dictates the losing outcome. In these illustrations, the first level game representation associated with the particular retrieved first level game record is made up of the two separate representations, the initial game representation and the modified game representation. 
     In the preferred forms of the invention, the game records which are associated with losing outcomes are constructed to provide a wide variety of game representations for indicating the losing outcomes. This variety of game representations for indicating losing outcomes adds to the realistic appearance of the lottery-type game according to the invention. That is, the variety of losing game representations enables the present game to better imitate the intended casino-type game, and helps maintain player interest. 
     FIG. 4B shows a second level game entitled “draw to 15” which is related to a negotiable outcome of 15 in the first level game shown in FIG.  4 A. When the player participating in the first level game receives a first level game record having the outcome “beat the dealer with 15,” the player may choose to participate in the second level game “draw to winning hand of 15.” Participation in the second level game “draw to winning hand of 15” is purchased with the payout value of the negotiable outcome “beat the dealer with 15” in the first level game ($2 as shown in FIG.  4 A). To participate in the second level game, the player makes a second level play request through the input device  16  (FIG.  1 ). Of course, the system is preferably implemented so that it does not appear to the player that they are making a request for a second level game record. It may appear to the player that they are simply requesting another card (a hit). In any event, the second level play request input through input device  16  (FIG. 1) causes the system to retrieve a record from the second level game “draw to winning hand of 15” and the second level game representation associated with the retrieved record indicates the outcome associated with the particular second level record. Door example, the particular second level game record may comprise a negotiable outcome of “beat the dealer with 18” in which terminal display  15  is caused to show a “3” card drawn after the original two cards indicated by the first level game record. In this case the second level game representation includes the originally displayed player cards as a common representation portion also included in the first level game representation. 
     Continuing with this example, the negotiable outcome “beat the dealer with 18” in the second level game enables the player to participate in a third or additional level game. This illustrative third level game is entitled “draw to winning hand of 18” and the payout table for the game is shown in FIG.  4 C. As with the second level game, the player may make a play request through a suitable input device ( 16  in FIG.  1 ), and this third level play request causes the game control arrangement associated with terminal  14  to retrieve a third level game record from the third level “draw to winning hand of 18” game. This third level game record may be associated with a winning outcome or a losing outcome, and the system displays a third level game representation corresponding to the outcome associated with the particular third level game record. 
     Thus, as in the poker related form of the invention described above with reference to FIGS. 2A,  2 B, and  3 , the black jack related game may be implemented on apparatus  10  so as to appear to the player that they are playing a casino-type game. However the player is still only participating in one or more lottery-type games. 
     An alternate form of the invention may be described with reference to FIGS. 5 through 9. In this alternate embodiment, the game representations are related to a five-card poker game, although it will be understood that the alternate method could be implemented using game representations associated with other games. Regardless of the casino-type game or other game which the invention is intended to mimic, this alternate form of the invention still uses multiple levels of lottery-type games. However, the alternate embodiment uses a single payout table shown in FIG. 6 in contrast to multiple payout tables such as those illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B. 
     As indicated in FIG. 5, each first level game record in the alternate form of the invention is associated with an expected value and a game category. The expected value comprises a value associated with an optimum player response to the first level game record and its associated game representation. The game category is also related to the optimum player response to the first level game record and game representation. 
     The form of the invention shown in FIGS. 5 through 9 even better mimics the play of a casino-type video poker game. The resemblance between a casino-type video poker game and the alternate multi-level lottery-type game according to invention stems not only from the way in which the game is presented to the player but also from the appearance of the payout table itself. The payout table shown FIG. 6 is very similar to a payout table which is displayed to a player in a casino-type video draw poker game. The payout table in FIG. 6 may also be displayed at the player terminal ( 14  in Figure) to give the present multi-level lottery-type game the feel of a casino-type video draw poker game. Also, for most hands (game representations) which may be dealt in the first level game, this alternate form of the invention allows the player to hold any subset of cards. Particularly, a player is allowed to hold a subset of cards from the first level game representation even if the chosen subset is not the optimum play for the dealt hand. 
     The alternate gaming method may be described with particular reference to the flow chart shown in FIG.  7 . The game may be played on a gaming apparatus such as the apparatus shown in FIG.  1 . It will be noted from the payout table in FIG. 6 that the alternate game may allow the player to choose the amount of the bet. The payout table lists the payouts for bets of between one and five “coins.” Thus, the preferred apparatus includes means for allowing the player to choose their bet for playing a particular hand. 
     Referring to FIG. 7, the game begins with a first level play request it process block  70 . A player may make this first level play request through a suitable input device such is the input device  16  shown in FIG.  1 . In response to the first level play request, the first level game program code executing on the system retrieves a first level game record at process block  71  and causes the first level game representation associated with the retrieved record to be displayed to enable the player to view the first level game representation. In this illustrated form of the invention, the game representation comprises a representation of a five-card poker hand displayed on a device such as display  15  in FIG.  1 . 
     Some first level game records may be associated with an immediate winning outcome. Such an immediate winning outcome is identified at process block  72 . After identifying a record as having an immediate winning outcome, the process branches to process block  73  where the payout or prize is paid by any suitable arrangement associated with the gaming apparatus ( 10  in FIG.  1 ). 
     In addition to immediate winning outcomes, some first level game records may be associated with winning outcomes which are not readily apparent from the first level game representation. These “forced hold” first level game records are identified at process block  74 . The process then branches to input block  75  where the player may make an input through the player input ( 16  in FIG.  1 ). In response to the player input, modified game representation program code causes a modified game representation to be displayed to the player. This step is shown at process block  76 . The modified game representation is dictated by the outcome associated with the first level game record retrieved at step  71  in FIG.  7 . After displaying the modified game representation, the gaming apparatus makes the appropriate payout as shown at process block  73 . 
     If the first level game record is not associated with an immediate winning outcome or a “forced hold” winning outcome, the process proceeds to block  76 . At this point in the gaming process, the player may use the player input device ( 16  in FIG. 1) to choose which cards in the first level game representation to hold and which to discard in favor of a draw. These actions by the player represent a second level play request. In this form of the invention, the cards which the player chooses to hold determines the particular second level game ill which the player will participate. Depending upon which cards the player has chosen to hold, the gaming apparatus ( 10  in FIG. 1) responds at process block  79  by the retrieving a second level game record from the appropriate second level game. For example, if the first level game representation associated with the first level game record retrieved at process block  71  includes a pair of jacks and if the player holds the jacks, the system at process block  79  retrieves a second level game record from the game entitled “draw to pair of jacks or better”. The game representation associated with the retrieved second level game record is displayed at process block  80  and system then makes the indicated payout as indicated at block  73  in FIG.  7 . 
     As mentioned above, an advantage of this alternate form of invention is that the player may choose to hold any subset of cards, even a subset which does not represent the optimum play. Each first level hand (game representation) will be associated with at least one optimum play. The optimum play is the play in which the held cards enter the player in a second level game having the highest average payout of all the second level games which may be entered through the first level hand. That is, the optimum play is the play to the hand with the highest expected value. The expected values of the various potential hands are shown in the prize structure table of FIG. 5. A suboptimum play is a play to a hand with an expected value lower than the expected value of the optimum play. 
     For purposes of example, assume that the first level game record outcome is “jacks or better” and that the first level game representation includes the jack of hearts, jack of clubs, ace of hearts, five of hearts, and two of hearts. This hand is associated with the game category “jacks or better.” Also assume that the player is playing the “one coin” game. Referring to FIG. 5, the hand “jacks or better” has a nominal value of one dollar and thus would pay one dollar if the player elects to hold the entire hand and not take a draw. Also, the “jacks or better” hand has an expected value of 1.5 dollars. The player may choose to draw to the two jacks, thus participating in the second level game “draw to jacks or better.” As shown in FIG. 8, the expected value represents the average value of the potential outcomes associated with the particular second level game. It will be noted that many categories of hands shown in FIG. 5 include a nominal value of zero and thus have no potential for a payout at the first level. 
     Although the example hand described above is associated with the “jacks or better” category, the alternate form of the invention allows the player to discard the jack of clubs and hold the four card flush comprising the jack of hearts, ace of hearts, five of hearts, and two of hearts. Holding the four card flush represents a second level play request in the second level game “draw to four card flush.” Referring to FIGS. 5 and 9, the expected value of the “four card flush” hand is 1.25 dollars, lower than the play to the “jacks or better” hand. Thus, in this example, if the player draws to the four hearts, they are, in effect, foregoing winnings. 
     This alternate form of the invention accounts for suboptimum plays with a foregone winnings procedure which provides a credit for the amount that the player has given up by making the suboptimum play. This foregone winnings procedure is implemented by program code executed by the system. Referring to process block  81  in FIG. 7, the program code calculates a bonus escrow based on the particular play that the player has made at process block  78 . This bonus escrow is equal to the expected value of the hand dictated by the first level record, minus the value of the hand to which the player has drawn. Where the player makes the optimum play, the bonus escrow will equal zero. However, in each instance where the player draws to the suboptimum hand, that is, makes the suboptimum play, the bonus escrow amount will be greater than zero. 
     The invention encompasses several methods for handling the bonus escrow or credited amount. One method is illustrated in FIG.  7 . After the payout is made at process block  73 , the process shown in FIG. 7 includes the step of checking the value of the bonus escrow at process block  82 . If the bonus escrow is not greater than zero, then the game ends at process block  83 . However, if the player has made a suboptimum play and thus the bonus escrow is greater than zero, the illustrated form of the invention proceeds to a third or bonus level game at process block  84 . At block  84 , the system retrieves a bonus level record and displays a bonus level game representation which indicates the outcome associated with the bonus game. This game may be related to poker or may be related to any other type of game such has a slot machine game for example. After displaying the bonus level game representation, the invention includes making any payout for the retrieved bonus level game record. The game then ends at process block  83  once any bonus level game payout is made at block  85 . 
     The alternate form of the invention described above with reference to FIGS. 5 through 9 is similar to the previously described embodiments in that the game is made to resemble a casino-type game but is in fact made up of different levels of interrelated lottery-type games. Also, each second level game record is purchased with the value of the outcome associated with the particular first level game record which the player has received. However, the alternate implementation of the invention allows the player to make suboptimal choices in the play of the game. Thus, there may be a discrepancy between the value of a first level game record and the cost of a second level game record which a player has chosen. The bonus level game is introduced in the alternate form of the invention to account for this potential discrepancy. 
     It will be understood that the bonus level game is just one preferred method for applying the credit resulting from a suboptimum play. Rather than crediting the player having made the suboptimum play, either by entering the player in the bonus level game or otherwise, the bonus escrow amount may be credited to a jackpot in another game or may be credited in any other fashion. These and other bonus escrow crediting arrangements are to be considered equivalent to the illustrated bonus level game arrangement for the purposes of the following claims. 
     The above described preferred embodiments are intended to illustrate the principles of the invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention. Various other embodiments and modifications to these preferred embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the following claims. For example, although it is an advantage of the invention that the gaming method may be implemented to mimic a casino-type game, the game representations which are displayed may be designed so that it is apparent to the player that they are playing lottery-type games. Also, although the invention is illustrated above with reference to poker and blackjack related games, the game representations according to the invention may be designed to imitate other types of casino games or any other type of game.