Patent Publication Number: US-2022225672-A1

Title: Heat-not-burn (hnb) aerosol-generating devices and capsules

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     The present disclosure relates to heat-not-burn (HNB) aerosol-generating devices and capsules configured to generate an aerosol without involving a substantial pyrolysis of an aerosol-forming substrate. 
     Description of Related Art 
     Some electronic devices are configured to heat a plant material to a temperature that is sufficient to release constituents of the plant material while keeping the temperature below a combustion point of the plant material so as to avoid any substantial pyrolysis of the plant material. Such devices may be referred to as aerosol-generating devices (e.g., heat-not-burn aerosol-generating devices), and the plant material heated may be tobacco and/or cannabis. In some instances, the plant material may be introduced directly into a heating chamber of an aerosol-generating device. In other instances, the plant material may be pre-packaged in individual containers to facilitate insertion and removal from an aerosol-generating device. 
     SUMMARY 
     At least some example embodiments relates to an aerosol-generating device. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the aerosol-generating device may include a housing that defines a capsule-receiving cavity, a lid configured to close the housing, and a replaceable mouthpiece coupleable to the lid such that air entering the housing and drawn through the capsule-receiving cavity exits out of the replaceable mouthpiece. In an example embodiment, the lid may be fixedly coupled to the housing at a first point (for example, by a hinge) and releasably coupleable to the housing at a second point, which is different from the first point. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the capsule-receiving cavity may have a first end and a second end distal from the first end. The replaceable mouthpiece may be coupleable with the first end. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the aerosol-generating device may further include electrical connections at the second end of the capsule-receiving cavity. The electrical connections may be configured to make contact with a capsule when the capsule is fully inserted into the capsule-receiving cavity. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the first end of the capsule-receiving cavity may have a first width, the second end of the capsule-receiving cavity may have a second width, and the capsule-receiving cavity may be tapered between the first end and the second end. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the aerosol-generating device may further include electrical connections at the second end of the capsule-receiving cavity. The electrical connections may be configured to make contact with a capsule upon application of force to the capsule. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the lid may be configured to apply the force when in a closed position. The lid may be in the closed position when the lid is coupled to the housing at the second point. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the aerosol-generating device may further include a seal at the second end of the capsule-receiving cavity. The seal may be configured to seal a capsule within the capsule-receiving cavity. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the second end of the capsule-receiving cavity may include one or more alignment members. The one or more alignment members may be configured to correctly align a capsule received by the capsule-receiving cavity. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the one or more alignment members may include one or more seals and one or more electrical connections. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the lid may be releasably coupleable to the housing at the second point by a latch. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the housing may include a recessed structure at the first point. The recessed structure may have a configuration corresponding with a relative portion of the lid so as to allow hinged movement of the lid. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the housing may further include a latch release mechanism and corresponding latch release button. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the housing may further include a communication screen and a power button. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the aerosol-generating device may further include a haptic motor disposed within the housing. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the housing may further include one or more air inlets. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the aerosol-generating device may further include a charging connector defined within the housing. The one or more air inlets may surround the charging connector. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the aerosol-generating device may further include a metal grille that covers the one or more air inlets. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the aerosol-generating device may further include an air hose that connects the one or more air inlets and the capsule-receiving cavity. One or more airflow sensors may be disposed along a length of the air hose. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the replaceable mouthpiece may include a first end and a second end distal from the first end. The second end may coupleable to the lid. The first end has one or more outlets. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the second end of the replaceable mouthpiece may further include a ledge and one or more coupling structures. The ledge may be configured to position the replaceable mouthpiece with respect to the lid. The one or more coupling structures may be configured to couple the replaceable mouthpiece to the lid. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The various features and advantages of the non-limiting embodiments herein may become more apparent upon review of the detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are merely provided for illustrative purposes and should not be interpreted to limit the scope of the claims. The accompanying drawings are not to be considered as drawn to scale unless explicitly noted. For purposes of clarity, various dimensions of the drawings may have been exaggerated. 
         FIG. 1  is a top right, front perspective view of an aerosol-generating device in accordance with at least one example embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a bottom right, front perspective view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a bottom view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a top view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 5  is a top right, front perspective view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 1 , where the lid is opened. 
         FIG. 6  is a rear perspective view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 5 . 
         FIG. 7  is a top-down view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 5 . 
         FIG. 8  is a top right, front perspective view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 5 , including a capsule. 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 10  is a partial front perspective view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 8 , where a section of the housing has been removed. 
         FIG. 11  is an exploded perspective view of a capsule connector in accordance with at least one example embodiment. 
         FIG. 12  is a top, front perspective view of the capsule connector illustrated in  FIG. 11 . 
         FIG. 13  is a bottom, rear perspective view of the capsule connector illustrated in  FIG. 11 . 
         FIG. 14  is a top view of the electrical contacts in accordance with at least one example embodiment. 
         FIG. 15  is a partial cross-sectional view of the capsule connector illustrated in  FIG. 11  as disposed in the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 9 . 
         FIG. 16  is a top right, front perspective view of a replaceable mouthpiece in accordance with at least one example embodiment. 
         FIG. 17  is a front view of the replaceable mouthpiece illustrated in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 18  is a first side view of the replaceable mouthpiece illustrated in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 19  is a bottom view of the replaceable mouthpiece illustrated in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 20  is a top view of the replaceable mouthpiece illustrated in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 21  is a top right, front perspective view of another aerosol-generating device in accordance with at least one example embodiment. 
         FIG. 22  is a bottom right, front perspective view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 21 . 
         FIG. 23  is a top view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 21 . 
         FIG. 24  is a top left, rear perspective view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 21 , where the lid is opened. 
         FIG. 25  is a top view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 24 . 
         FIG. 26  is a top right, front perspective view of the aerosol-generating device illustrated in  FIG. 24  receiving a capsule. 
         FIG. 27  is a top right, front perspective view of another replaceable mouthpiece in accordance with at least one example embodiment. 
         FIG. 28  is a front view of the replaceable mouthpiece illustrated in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 29  is a side view of the replaceable mouthpiece illustrated in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 30  is a bottom view of the replaceable mouthpiece illustrated in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 31  is a top view of the replaceable mouthpiece illustrated in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 32  is a downstream perspective view of a capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 33  is an upstream perspective view of the capsule of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 34  is an exploded view of the capsule of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 35  is an exploded view of the capsule of  FIG. 33 . 
         FIG. 36  is an enlarged view of the heater in  FIG. 34 . 
         FIG. 37  is a downstream perspective view of another capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 38  is an upstream end view of the capsule of  FIG. 37 . 
         FIG. 39  is a cross-sectional view of the capsule of  FIG. 37 . 
         FIG. 40  is an exploded view of the capsule of  FIG. 37 . 
         FIG. 41  is an isolated view of the heater in  FIG. 40 . 
         FIG. 42  is a perspective view of a variant of the heater of  FIG. 41 . 
         FIG. 43  is a downstream perspective view of another capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 44  is a downstream perspective view of another capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 45  is a downstream perspective view of another capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 46  is a downstream perspective view of another capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 47  is a perspective view of an aerosol-forming substrate in consolidated form according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 48  is a perspective view of another aerosol-forming substrate in consolidated form according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 49  is a perspective view of an aerosol-forming substrate in loose form according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 50  is a block diagram of an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS 
     Some detailed example embodiments are disclosed herein. However, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative for purposes of describing example embodiments. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to only the example embodiments set forth herein. 
     Accordingly, while example embodiments are capable of various modifications and alternative forms, example embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit example embodiments to the particular forms disclosed, but to the contrary, example embodiments are to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of example embodiments. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the description of the figures. 
     It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “connected to,” “coupled to,” or “covering” another element or layer, it may be directly on, connected to, coupled to, or covering the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the specification. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     It should be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, region, layer, or section from another region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of example embodiments. 
     Spatially relative terms (e.g., “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like) may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It should be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the term “below” may encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing various example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, and/or elements, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or groups thereof. 
     When the terms “about” or “substantially” are used in this specification in connection with a numerical value, it is intended that the associated numerical value includes a manufacturing or operational tolerance (e.g., ±10%) around the stated numerical value. Moreover, when the terms “generally” or “substantially” are used in connection with geometric shapes, it is intended that precision of the geometric shape is not required but that latitude for the shape is within the scope of the disclosure. Furthermore, regardless of whether numerical values or shapes are modified as “about,” “generally,” or “substantially,” it will be understood that these values and shapes should be construed as including a manufacturing or operational tolerance (e.g., ±10%) around the stated numerical values or shapes. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, including those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. 
     As used herein, “coupled” includes both removably coupled and permanently coupled. For example, when an elastic layer and a support layer are removably coupled to one another, the elastic layer and the support layer can be separated upon the application of sufficient force. 
       FIGS. 1-10  are illustrations of an aerosol-generating device  100  (e.g., heat-not-burn (HNB) aerosol-generating device) in accordance with at least one example embodiment. For example,  FIG. 1  is a top perspective view of the aerosol-generating device  100 , where the lid  110  is closed.  FIG. 2  is a bottom perspective view of the aerosol-generating device  100 , where the lid  110  is closed.  FIG. 3  is a bottom-up view of the aerosol-generating device  100 , where the lid  110  is closed.  FIG. 4  is a top-down view of the aerosol-generating device  100 , where the lid  110  is closed.  FIG. 5  is another top perspective view of the aerosol-generating device  100 , where the lid  110  is opened.  FIG. 6  is another top perspective view of the aerosol-generating device  100 , where the lid  110  is opened.  FIG. 7  is a top-down view of the aerosol-generating device  100 , where the lid  110  is opened.  FIG. 8  is another top perspective view of the aerosol-generating device  100 , where the lid  110  is opened and a capsule  200  is received by the capsule-receiving cavity  130 .  FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of the aerosol-generating device  100 , where the lid  110  is opened and a capsule  200  is received by the capsule-receiving cavity  130 .  FIG. 10  is a partial, perspective view of the aerosol-generating device  100 , where a section of the housing  120  has been removed to show various internal components, the lid  110  is opened, and a capsule  200  is received by the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . 
     As illustrated, in at least some example embodiments, the aerosol-generating device  100  has a general oblong or pebble shape and a replaceable mouthpiece  190  that extends from the main body of the aerosol-generating device  100 . For example, the aerosol-generating device  100  may include a housing  120  that defines a capsule-receiving cavity  130  (as best shown in  FIG. 5-8 ). Additionally, a lid  110  is configured to open/close relative to the housing  120  and is coupleable to the replaceable mouthpiece  190 . For example, the lid  110  may be fixedly coupled to the housing  120  at a first point  122  and releasably coupleable to the housing  120  at a second point  124 . The first point  122  of the housing  120  may be on a first side  102  of the device  100 . The second point  124  of the housing  120  may be on a second side  104  of the aerosol-generating device  100 . In some instances, the lid  110  may also be referred to as a door. An exterior of the housing  120  and/or lid  110  may be formed from a metal (such as aluminum, stainless steel, and the like); an aesthetic, food contact rated plastic (such as, a polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material, liquid crystalline polymer (LCP), a copolyester plastic, or any other suitable polymer and/or plastic); or any combination thereof. The replaceable mouthpiece  190  may be similarly formed from a metal (such as aluminum, stainless steel, and the like); an aesthetic, food contact rated plastic (such as, a polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material, liquid crystalline polymer (LCP), a copolyester plastic, or any other suitable polymer and/or plastic); and/or plant-based materials (such as wood, bamboo, and the like). One or more interior surfaces or the housing  120  and/or lid  110  may be formed from or coated with a high temperature plastic (such as, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), or the like). The lid  110  and the housing  120  may be collectively regarded as the main body of the aerosol-generating device  100 . 
     The lid  110  may be fixedly coupled to the housing  120  at the first point  122  by a hinge  112 , or other similar connector, that allows the lid  110  to move (e.g., swing and rotate) from an open position (such as illustrated in  FIGS. 5-10 ) to a closed position (such as illustrated in  FIG. 1-2 ). As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the hinge  112  may include a torsion spring  117 . In at least some example embodiments, such as illustrated in  FIGS. 5-6 and 8-10 , the housing  120  includes a recess  126  at the first point  122 . The recess  126  may be configured to receive a portion of the lid  110  so as to allow for an easy and smooth movement of the lid  110  from the open position to the closed position (and vice versa). The recess  126  may have a structure that corresponds with a relative portion of the lid  110 . For example, as illustrated, the recess  126  may include a substantially curved portion  127  that has a general concave shape that corresponds with the curvature of the lid  110 , which has a general convex shape. 
     The lid  110  may be releasably coupleable to the housing  120  at the second point  124  by a latch  114 , or other similar connector, that allows the lid  110  to be fixed or secured in the closed position and easily releasable so as to allow the lid  110  to move from the secured closed position to the open position. In at least one example embodiment, the latch  114  may be coupled to a latch release mechanism  116 . The latch release mechanism  116  may be configured to move the latch  114  from a first or closed position to a second or open position. For example, such as best illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the latch  114  may extend downwards in the housing  120  and the latch release mechanism  116  may be perpendicular to the downwards length of the latch  114 . As such, the latch release mechanism  116  is configured to apply pressure to the latch  114 . For example, the latch release mechanism  116  may be movable between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the latch release mechanism  116  may be neutral relative to the latch  114 . In the second position, the latch release mechanism  116  may apply pressure to the downwards length of the latch  114  so as to move the latch  114  from the secured or latched close position to the open position. 
     In at least one example embodiment, such as best illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the latch release mechanism  116  is in communication with a latch release button  118  that is configured to activate the latch release mechanism  116 —i.e., to move the latch  114  from the first or closed or secured position to the second or pressure-applying position and to move/return the latch  114  from the open position to the secured or closed position. In at least one example embodiment, the latch release button  118  is an adult consumer interaction button disposed on the second side  104  of the aerosol-generating device  100 . For example, when the latch release button  118  is pressed by the adult consumer, the latch release mechanism  116  may move from the first or closed or secured position to the second or pressure-applying position so as to move the latch  114  from the secured or closed position to the open position. The latch release button  118  may have a substantially circular shape with a center depression or dimple configured to direct the pressure applied by the adult consumer, although example embodiments are not limited thereto. One or more sensors (not shown) configured to detect the lid  110  opening and closure may be embedded or otherwise disposed within the housing  120  and/or one or more of the elements therein (e.g., latch  114 , latch release mechanism  116 , latch release button  118 ). 
     In at least some example embodiments, such as best illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the housing  120  encases or houses the latch release mechanism  116 , as well as a power source  150  and a processing or control circuitry  160 . The control circuitry  160  may be hardware including logic circuits; a hardware/software combination such as a processor executing software; or a combination thereof. For example, the control circuitry  160  may include, but is not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a System-on-Chip (SoC), a programmable logic unit, a microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. The supply of current from the power source  150  may be in response to a manual operation (e.g., button-activation) or an automatic operation (e.g., puff-activation). The power source  150  may include one or more batteries (e.g., rechargeable dual battery arrangement, lithium-ion battery, and/or fuel cells). In at least some example embodiments, the control circuitry  160  may further include a haptic motor that may be disposed on a side of the power source  150 . 
     In at least some example embodiments, such as best illustrated in  FIGS. 1-2, 5, and 8-10 , the housing  120  includes a consumer interface panel  143  disposed on the second side  104  of the device  100 . For example, the consumer interface panel  143  may be an oval-shaped panel that runs along the second side of the device  100 . The consumer interface panel  143  may include the latch release button  118 , such as discussed above, as well as a communication screen  140  and/or a power button  142 . For example, in at least some example embodiments, the consumer interface panel  143  may include the communication screen  140  disposed between the latch release button  118  and the power button  142 . As illustrated, the latch release button  118  may be disposed towards a top of the aerosol-generating device  100 , and the power button  142  may be disposed towards bottom of the aerosol-generating device  100 . Like the latch release button  118 , the power button  142  may also be an adult consumer interaction button. The power button  142  may have a substantially circular shape with a center depression or dimple configured to direct the pressure applied by the adult consumer, although example embodiments are not limited thereto. The power button  142  may turn on and off the aerosol-generating device  100 . Though only the two buttons are illustrated, it should be understood more or less buttons may be provided depending on the available features and desired adult consumer interface. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the communication screen  140  is an integrated thin-film transistor (“TFT”) screen. In other example embodiments, the communication screen  140  is an organic light emitting diode (“OLED”) or light emitting diode (“LED”) screen. The communication screen  140  is configured for adult consumer engagement and may have a generally oblong shape. 
     In at least some example embodiments, the housing  120  defines a charging connector or port  170 . For example, as best illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the charging connector  170  may be defined/disposed in a bottom end of the housing  120  distal from the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . The charging connector  170  may be configured to receive an electric current (e.g., via a USB/mini-USB cable) from an external power source so as to charge the power source  150  internal to the aerosol-generating device  100 . For example, in at least one example embodiment, such as best illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the charging connector  170  may be an assembly defining a cavity  171  that has a projection  175  within the cavity  171 . In an example embodiment, the projection  175  does not extend beyond the rim of the cavity  171 . In addition, the charging connector  170  may also be configured to send data to and/or receive data (e.g., via a USB/mini-USB cable) from another aerosol-generating device (e.g., heat-not-burn (HNB) aerosol-generating device) and/or other electronic device (e.g., phone, tablet, computer, and the like). In at least one embodiment, the aerosol-generating device  100  may instead or additionally be configured for wireless communication (e.g., via Bluetooth) with such other aerosol-generating devices and/or electronic devices. 
     In at least some example embodiments, such as best illustrated in  FIG. 3 , a protective grille  172  is disposed around the charging connector  170 . The protective grille  172  may be configured to help reduce or prevent debris ingress and/or the inadvertent blockage of the incoming airflow. For example, the protective grille  172  may define a plurality of pores  173  along its length or course. As illustrated, the protective grille  172  may have an annular form that surrounds the charging connector  170 . In this regard, the pores  173  may also be arranged (e.g., in a serial arrangement) around the charging connector  170 . Each of the pores  173  may have an oval or circular shape, although not limited thereto. In at least one example embodiment, the protective grille  172  may include an approved food contact material. For example, the protective grille  172  may include plastic, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum), or a combination thereof. In at least some example embodiments, a surface of the protective grille  172  may be coated, for example with a thin layer of plastic, and/or anodized. 
     The pores  173  in the protective grille  172  may function as inlets for air drawn into the aerosol-generating device  100 . During the operation of the aerosol-generating device  100 , ambient air entering through the pores  173  in the protective grille  172  around the charging connector  170  will converge to form a combined flow that then travels to the capsule  200 . For example, the pores  173  may be in fluidic communication with the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . In at least some example embodiments, air may be drawn from the pores  173  and through the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . For example, air may be drawn through a capsule  200  received by the capsule-receiving cavity  130  and out of the replaceable mouthpiece  190 . 
     The capsule  200  (for example, as illustrated in  FIG. 8 ) may have various forms and configurations. For instance, the capsule  200  may have any of the forms and configurations as subsequently discussed in connection with  FIGS. 32-46 . Specifically, in an example embodiment, the capsule  200  may be the same as described in connection with the capsule  1300  in  FIGS. 37-41 . Referring to  FIGS. 37-41 , the capsule  1300  has a housing configured to contain an aerosol-forming substrate (e.g., aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ′ in  FIG. 48 ) and a heater, wherein the downstream portion of the housing may be in the form of a first end cap  1310  (e.g., downstream cap). The upstream portion of the housing may be in the form of a second end cap  1320  (e.g., upstream cap, connector cap). The body portion of the housing may be in the form of a cover  1330  (e.g., shell, box sleeve). 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 37-38 , the first end cap  1310  defines a first opening  1312 , while the second end cap  1320  defines a second opening  1322 . In an example embodiment, the first opening  1312  is in the form of a series of outlet openings (e.g., nine outlet openings), and the second opening  1322  is in the form of a series of inlet openings (e.g., eight inlet openings). Additionally, the second end cap  1320  may expose a first end section  1342  and a second end section  1346  of a heater  1340  (e.g.,  FIG. 41 ). As illustrated, the second opening  1322  may be between the exposed portions of the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346 . The first end cap  1310  and/or the second end cap  1320  may be transparent so as to serve as windows configured to permit a viewing of the contents/components (e.g., aerosol-forming substrate and/or heater) within the capsule  1300 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 39 , the intermediate section  1344  of the heater  1340  is an internal segment configured to heat an aerosol-forming substrate within the capsule  1300 . The first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  of the heater  1340  are external segments configured to establish an electrical connection with a power source (e.g., electrical connection with the power source  150  via the electrical contacts  152   a  and  152   b ). 
     In addition to the second opening  1322 , the second end cap  1320  also defines an alignment recess  1326  and an inlet recess  1328 . The alignment recess  1326  and the inlet recess  1328  may be viewed as being in a multi-level arrangement, wherein the base/inner end surface of the alignment recess  1326  (which exposes the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346 ) may be regarded as being on one level, while the base/inner end surface of the inlet recess  1328  (or the grille-like surface of the second opening  1322 ) may be regarded as being on another level. The alignment recess  1326  is configured to facilitate a positioning of the capsule  1300  during its insertion into the device body of an aerosol-generating device. In an example embodiment, the alignment recess  1326  has angled sidewalls which taper inward toward the inlet recess  1328 . With the angled sidewalls, the alignment recess  1326  may be quickly coupled with a corresponding engagement member of the device body with greater ease. For instance, when received within the capsule-receiving cavity  130  of the aerosol-generating device  100 , the alignment recess  1326  of the capsule  1300  may be engaged with the angled surfaces  176  of the capsule connector  132 , while the inlet recess  1328  of the capsule  1300  may be engaged with the capsule seal  202  (e.g.,  FIG. 12 ). As a result, the capsule  1300  may be properly loaded and aligned within the device body of the aerosol-generating device in a relatively consistent manner. 
     Referring to  FIG. 40 , the first end cap  1310  includes a first sealing ridge  1314 , while the second end cap  1320  includes a second sealing ridge  1324 . In an example embodiment, the first sealing ridge  1314  is in the form of a series of ribs (e.g., four ribs), and the second sealing ridge  1324  is in the form of a series of ribs (e.g., four ribs). In some instances, the ribs in each of the series may be of different heights to ensure a desired contact with the cover  1330 . When the capsule  1300  is assembled, the first sealing ridge  1314  of the first end cap  1310  and the second sealing ridge  1324  of the second end cap  1320  are configured to interface with the inner surface of the cover  1330  (e.g., via an interference fit) to provide an air seal. As a result, when air is directed to the capsule  1300  during an operation of the aerosol-generating device, the air will enter the capsule  1300  via the inlet recess  1328  and the second opening  1322  in the second end cap  1320  (as opposed to entering the capsule  1300  via a gap between the second end cap  1320  and the cover  1330 , wherein such air may essentially just flow along the inner surface of the cover  1330  so as to primarily bypass the aerosol-forming substrate and/or the intermediate section  1344  of the heater  1340 ). Similarly, with an appropriate seal, the aerosol generated within the chamber of the capsule  1300  will be drawn out through the first opening  1312  in the first end cap  1310  (as opposed to leaking out through a gap between the first end cap  1310  and the cover  1330 ). 
     Referring to  FIG. 41 , the heater  1340  includes a first end section  1342 , an intermediate section  1344 , and a second end section  1346 . The intermediate section  1344  of the heater  1340  may have a planar and winding form resembling a compressed oscillation or zigzag with a plurality of parallel segments (e.g., eight to sixteen parallel segments). However, it should be understood that other forms for the intermediate section  1344  of the heater  1340  are also possible (e.g., spiral form, flower-like form). The terminus of each of the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  may be oriented orthogonally to the plane of the intermediate section  1344 . Each of the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  may also include segments having a sideways J-shape. As a result, the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  may be embedded relatively securely within the second end cap  1320  while providing a pair of electrical contact surfaces. 
     The above discussion should be understood to be a non-limiting introduction to the capsule  200 , which, as noted supra, may be the same as the capsule  1300 . As a result, the insertion and mechanical/electrical engagement of the capsule  200  within the aerosol-generating device  100  may be discussed with reference to the specific details of the capsule  1300 . Further details and alternatives regarding the capsule  1300  are also subsequently discussed herein. 
     In at least one example embodiment, such as best illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the housing  120  encases or houses an air hose  180 . The air hose  180  may extend between and/or physically connect the capsule-receiving cavity  130  (via an air inlet connection  184 ) and the one or more air inlets or pores  173 . An air channel assembly  181  may also be provided as an intermediary between the air hose  180  and the pores  173 . In such an instance, the air channel assembly  181  may be configured to direct the incoming airflow (that is drawn in through the pores  173 ) to the air hose  180 . In at least one example embodiment, the air channel assembly  181  includes an airflow restrictor configured to provide optional control over the airflow through the device  100 . In at least one example embodiment, one or more flow sensors  185  may be disposed within or along the air channel assembly  181  and/or along the air hose  180 . In at least one example embodiment, the one or more flow sensors  185  includes a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flow or pressure sensor or another type of sensor configure to measure air flow, such as a hot-wire anemometer. In at least one example embodiment, the one or more flow sensors  185  may include pressure sensors, such as a capacitive pressure sensor, that are configured to measure a negative pressure during a draw event. In at least one example embodiment, the air channel assembly  181  may omit the one or more sensors  185 . 
     In at least some example embodiments, the housing  120  encloses a capsule connector  132 . Additionally, in some instances, the capsule connector  132  may be mounted or otherwise secured to a printed circuit board (PCB) within the housing  120 . In at least one example embodiment, the capsule connector  132  defines the capsule-receiving cavity  130 .  FIGS. 11-15  are illustrations of a capsule connector  132  in accordance with at least one example embodiment. 
     In at least some example embodiments, the capsule connector  132  includes a body or housing  134  that defines the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . In at least some example embodiments, such as best illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the body  134  includes an air inlet connection  184 . The air inlet connection  184  may be configured to be coupled to an end of the air hose  180 . In at least some example embodiments, the body  134  includes one or more couplers or mounting brackets  135 ,  136  configured to couple the capsule connector  132  to the housing  120  and/or to a component within the housing  120 . A first coupler or mounting bracket  136  may include, for example, one or more wings or tab portions  137  and coupler-receiving openings  138  (e.g., mounting bosses). The coupler-receiving openings  138  may be configured to receive one or more corresponding couplers of the housing  120  (such as, coupler  128  (e.g., screw) as illustrated best in  FIG. 15 ). A second coupler or mounting bracket  135  may include, for example, one or more wings or tab portions  141  and coupler-receiving openings  139 . The coupler-receiving openings  139  may be configured to receive one or more corresponding couplers of the lid  110 . For example, the coupler-receiving openings  139  may be configured to receive a post  115  defined on an interior surface of the lid  110 . Specifically, a switch (e.g., push button switch) may be positioned within the coupler-receiving opening  139  so as to be pressed by the post  115  when the lid  110  is closed and released when the lid  110  is open. As a result, a lid open/closed detection method may be provided. 
     In at least some example embodiments, the capsule connector  132  includes one or more electrical connectors or contacts  152 A,  152 B. For example, as illustrated, the capsule connector  132  may include a first electrical contact  152 A and a second electrical contact  152 B. As illustrated, the first electrical contact  152 A may be in the form of three contact members. Similarly, the second electrical contact  152 B may also be in the form of three contact members. The electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B are configured to apply current or other electrical signals to the capsule  200  received by the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . In at least one example embodiment, the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B may be in electrical communication with the power source  150  and/or control circuitry  160  disposed within the housing  120 . The electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B may be formed of copper or of a copper alloy (e.g., copper-titanium) with the option of also having a gold plating. 
     In at least some example embodiments, as best illustrated in  FIG. 14 , each of the contact members of the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B may be one of two types: contact member  152 ′ or contact member  152 ″. For instance, the electrical contact  152 A may include a combination of both the contact member  152 ′ and the contact member  152 ″. As illustrated, the electrical contact  152 A may include a contact member  152 ″ between a pair of contact members  152 ′. In another instance, the electrical contact  152 A may include a contact member  152 ′ between a pair of contact members  152 ″. Alternatively, instead of two types of contact members, the electrical contact  152 A may include a plurality of one of the contact member  152 ′ or the contact member  152 ″ (e.g., identical contact members). 
     Similarly, the electrical contact  152 B may include a combination of both the contact member  152 ′ and the contact member  152 ″. As illustrated, the electrical contact  152 B may include a contact member  152 ″ between a pair of contact members  152 ′. In another instance, the electrical contact  152 B may include a contact member  152 ′ between a pair of contact members  152 ″. Alternatively, instead of two types of contact members, the electrical contact  152 B may include a plurality of one of the contact member  152 ′ or the contact member  152 ″ (e.g., identical contact members). 
     Each of the contact members  152 ′,  152 ″ includes a base  154 A,  154 B, respectively. In at least one example embodiment, each of the contact members  152 ′,  152 ″ has a terminal or soldering point  162 A,  162 B, respectively. As illustrated, the soldering point  162 A of the contact member  152 ′ may be aligned (e.g., coaxial) with the base  154 A. In contrast, the soldering point  162 B of the contact member  152 ″ may be laterally shifted/offset relative to the base  154 B so as to not be aligned with the base  154 B while extending in parallel to the base  154 B. As a result, an alternating arrangement of the contact members  152 ′,  152 ″ may provide a staggered positioning of the soldering points  162 A,  162 B for the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B (e.g.,  FIGS. 13-14 ). In an example, embodiment, the soldering points  162 A,  162 B are configured for engagement with corresponding apertures in a printed circuit board within the housing  120 . As a result, the soldering points  162 A,  162 B may establish a mechanical and electrical connection between the contact members  152 ′,  152 ″ (which form the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B) and the power source  150  and/or control circuitry  160  disposed within the housing  120 . 
     In at least one example embodiment, each of the contact members  152 ′,  152 ″ (of the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B) includes a continuous spring feature  156 A,  156 B that extends from each base  154 A,  154 B. The continuous spring features  156 A,  156 B may have a planar, winding form. The continuous spring features  156 A,  156 B are movable between a first compressed position and a second extended position (e.g., in a perpendicular direction relative to each base  154 A,  154 B). 
     In at least one example embodiment, each of the contact members  152 ′,  152 ″ (of the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B) includes a contact pin or contact surface  158 A,  158 B that extends from the respective continuous spring features  156 A,  156 B. For example, the contact surfaces  158 A,  158 B extend from the respective continuous spring features  156 A,  156 B at an end distal from the base  154 A,  154 B. The contact surfaces  158 A,  158 B may extend from the respective continuous spring features  156 A,  156 B and into the capsule-receiving cavity  130 , such that the contact surfaces  158 A,  158 B may make contact with the capsule  200  therein (e.g., via end sections of the capsule  200  analogous to the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  of the capsule  1300 ). 
     In this manner, the contact surfaces  158 A,  158 B are spring-loaded so as to enhance an engagement with the capsule  200 . For example, the contact surfaces  158 A,  158 B may extend into the capsule-receiving cavity  130  by a first amount when in use and by a second amount when not in use. The first amount may be smaller than the second amount. For example, when in use, the contact surfaces  158 A,  158 B may extend into the capsule-receiving cavity  130  by about 0.20 mm (i.e., first amount) as a result of the continuous spring features  156 A,  156 B being in a compressed or loaded state. On the other hand, when not in use, the contact surfaces  158 A,  158 B may extend into the capsule-receiving cavity  130  by about 0.90 mm (i.e., second amount) as a result of the continuous spring features  156 A,  156 B being in an uncompressed or unloaded state. In this manner, in at least one example embodiment, the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B are configured such that a connection with the capsule  200  is not established until the full insertion of the capsule  200  into the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . 
     In at least some example embodiments, as illustrated best in  FIG. 11 , each of the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B may be formed of a combination of both the contact member  152 ′ and the contact member  152 ″ (e.g.,  FIG. 14 ). For instance, the electrical contact  152 A may include a contact member  152 ″ between a pair of contact members  152 ′. Similarly, the electrical contact  152 B may include a contact member  152 ″ between a pair of contact members  152 ′. Although the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B are shown as including three contact members each, it should be understood that example embodiments are not limited thereto. Specifically, in other instances, the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B may include more (e.g., 4 contact members each) or less (e.g., 1-2 contact members each) than the three contact members each shown in the drawings. Because the contact members  152 ′,  152 ″ of the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B are separate structures configured to allow for independent mechanical/electrical engagement, an improved electrical connection can be established between the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B and the capsule  200  (via end sections of the capsule  200  analogous to the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  of the capsule  1300 ). Notably, a more reliable and flexible connection with the power source  150  and/or control circuitry  160  may be provided by the separate constituent structures of the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B. 
     In at least some example embodiments, the method of control/heating and associated circuitry and electrical contacts (e.g., capsule connector  132  including the one or more electrical connectors or contacts  152 A,  152 B) may be as described in U.S. Application No. ______, titled “Heat-Not-Burn (HNB) Aerosol-Generating Devices Including Energy Based Heater Control, And Methods Of Controlling A Heater” (Atty. Dkt. No. 24000NV-000668-US), filed concurrently herewith; and U.S. Application No. ______, titled “Heat-Not-Burn (HNB) Aerosol-Generating Devices Including Intra-Draw Heater Control, and Methods of Controlling a Heater” (Atty. Dkt. No. 24000NV-000670-US), filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     The capsule  200  is loaded into the aerosol-generating device  100  by initially inserting the capsule  200  into the capsule-receiving cavity  130  defined by the capsule connector  132 . In at least some example embodiments, the capsule  200  makes contact (e.g., full contact) with the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B within capsule-receiving cavity  130  only upon the application of force (e.g., downward/inward force) to the capsule  200 . In at least one example embodiment, a force is applied to the capsule  200  by the closure and/or latching of the lid  110 . In other example embodiments, a force is applied to the capsule  200  by an adult consumer. In still other example embodiments, a force is applied by a combination of pressure applied by the adult consumer and the closure and/or latching of the lid  110 . For example, in each instance, a forced is applied until a resistance is felt and/or a clicking sound is heard, which signals a complete engagement of the capsule  200  in the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . 
     The underside of the lid  110  may include an impingement/engagement member or surface  113  configured to engage the capsule  200  when the lid  110  is pivoted to transition to a closed position. The impingement/engagement member or surface  113  of the lid  110  may include a recess (e.g., that corresponds to the size and shape of the capsule  200 ) and/or a resilient material to enhance an interface with the capsule  200  so as to provide the desired seal. When the capsule  200  is inserted into the capsule-receiving cavity  130 , the weight of the capsule  200  itself may not be sufficient to compress the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B (e.g., at least not to any significant degree). As a result, the capsule  200  may simply rest on the exposed pins of the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B (e.g., contact surfaces  158 A,  158 B of the contact members  152 ′/ 152 ″) without any compression (or without any significant compression) of the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B. Additionally, the weight of the lid  110  itself, when pivoted to transition to a closed position, may not compress the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B to any significant degree and, instead, may simply rest on the capsule  200  in an intermediate, partially open/closed position. In such an instance, a deliberate action (e.g., downward force) to close the lid  110  will cause the impingement/engagement member or surface  113  of the lid  110  to press down onto the capsule  200  to provide the desired seal and also cause the capsule  200  to compress and, thus, fully engage electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B. Additionally, a full closure of the lid  110  will result in an engagement with the latch  114 , which will maintain the closed position and the desired mechanical/electrical engagements involving the capsule  200  until released (e.g., via the latch release button  118 ). The force requirement for closing the lid  110  may help to ensure and/or improve air/aerosol sealing and to provide a more robust electrical connection, as well as improved device and thermal efficiency and battery life by reducing or eliminating early power draws and/or parasitic heating of the capsule  200 . 
     In at least some example embodiments, such as best illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the capsule-receiving cavity  130  includes a first or top end  166 A and a second or bottom end  166 D distal from the first end  166 A. For example, the contact surfaces  158 A,  158 B may extend through the second end  166 D of the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . When the lid  110  is in a closed position, the first end  166 A may be in communication with the lid  110  and/or replaceable mouthpiece  190 . In at least some example embodiments, the first end  166 A has a first width and the second end  166 D has a second width. The first width may be greater than the second width. For example, in at least one example embodiment, a first cross-sectional dimension of the capsule-receiving cavity  130  at the first end  166 A may be 7.2 mm×13.6 mm, and the second cross-sectional dimension of the capsule-receiving cavity  130  at the second end  166 D may be 6.2 mm×12.6 mm, when the capsule  200  has a cross-sectional dimension of 6.0 mm×12.4 mm. In this manner, in at least one example embodiment, the capsule-receiving cavity  130  may be tapered between the first end  166 A and the second end  166 D (e.g., 5-15% decrease in a width/lateral dimension), such that the capsule-receiving cavity  130  is configured to steer the capsule  200  into position. The tapered configuration may also improve moldability, as well as providing for a thin air layer around the capsule  200  (e.g. for thermal insulation) during use of the device  200 . 
     In at least some example embodiments, such as best illustrated in  FIGS. 12 and 15 , the bottom end  166 D of the capsule-receiving cavity  130  includes a capsule seal  202 . When the capsule  200  is seated within the capsule-receiving cavity  130 , the capsule seal  202  is configured to mate with the inlet recess of the capsule  200  (e.g., inlet recess of the capsule  200  analogous to the inlet recess  1328  of the capsule  1300 ). The capsule seal  202  may be configured to help ensure and/or improve air/aerosol sealing between the capsule  200  and the capsule connector  132  such that all (or substantially all) of the air received via the air inlet connection  184  is directed into the capsule  200 . In at least one example embodiment, the capsule seal  202  may be a silicone seal. 
     In at least some example embodiments, the bottom end  166 D of the capsule-receiving cavity  130  includes one or more alignment members that are configured to help ensure a correct alignment between the capsule  200  and the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B. In at least one example embodiment, as best illustrated in  FIGS. 12 and 13 , the one or more alignment members may include one or more flat surfaces  174  and/or one or more angled surfaces  176 . The one or more flat surfaces  174  may provide hard stops for the capsule  200 , and the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B may extend through the one or more flat surfaces  174 . As illustrated, a pair of flat surfaces  174  may be provided, wherein the capsule seal  202  is disposed between the flat surfaces  174 . The one or more angled surfaces  176  may include one or more 15° draft surfaces (e.g., 0.05 mm smaller than an equivalent profile on the capsule  200 ) that extend downwards from the one or more flat surfaces  174  to a surrounding depth  177 , which is the deepest depth or bottom of the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . In an example embodiment, the alignment members may resemble a pair of plateaus, wherein angled surfaces  176  (e.g., ramps) rise up from the surrounding depth  177  to the flat surfaces  174 . Additionally, in some instance, three angled surfaces  176  may lead up to each flat surface  174 . 
     The distal/upstream end of the capsule  200  may have a shape that corresponds with the one or more alignment members formed within the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . As a result, the capsule  200  may be properly aligned in a relatively simple and consistent manner when loaded within the aerosol-generating device  100 . When the capsule  200  is inserted into the capsule-receiving cavity  130 , the end sections of the capsule  200  (which may be analogous to the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  of the capsule  1300 ) may initially come to rest on the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B. A downward/inward force on the capsule  200  (e.g., via the closing of the lid  110 ) will urge the capsule  200  downward/inward so as to cause the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B to compress (e.g., via the spring features  156 A,  156 B of the contact members  152 ′,  152 ″) and, thus, retract into the capsule connector  132 . As a result, while pressed against the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B, the end sections of the capsule  200  (which may be analogous to the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  of the capsule  1300 ) may also contact the flat surfaces  174  of the alignment members in the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . Additionally, the alignment recess of the capsule  200  (which may be analogous to the alignment recess  1326  of the capsule  1300 ) may contact or otherwise be adjacent to the angled surfaces  176  of the alignment members in the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . Furthermore, the inlet recess of the capsule  200  (which may be analogous to the inlet recess  1328  of the capsule  1300 ) may receive the capsule seal  202  for a resilient engagement. In such instances, a relatively close fit and, consequently, a secure electrical connection and desirable seal may be established with the capsule  200 . 
       FIGS. 16-20  are illustrations of the replaceable mouthpiece  190 . In at least some example embodiments, the replaceable mouthpiece  190  includes a first end  192  and a second end  194  distal from the first end  192 . In at least one example embodiment, the replaceable mouthpiece  190  may be tapered between the first end  192  and the second end  194 . For example, the diameter or average length/width dimensions of the first end  192  may be smaller than the diameter or average length/width dimensions of the second end  194 . Towards the first end  192 , the taper may have a slight inward curvature  191  that is configured to receive the lips of an adult consumer and improve the comfort and experience. 
     The first end  192  may have an oblong or elliptical shape and may include one or more outlets  196 . For example, as illustrated, the first end  192  may include four outlets  196 , such that four or more different areas or quadrants of the adult consumer&#39;s mouth can be engaged during use of the aerosol-generating device  100 . 
     The second end  194  may be coupleable to the lid  110 . For example, in at least one example embodiment, the second end  194  includes a ledge  197 , one or more ridges  195 , and one or more coupling structures  198 . The ledge  197  may include a recessed portion  193  and, in at least some example embodiments, the one or more ridges  195  may extend perpendicularly (or substantially in a perpendicular direction) from the recessed portion  193 . In other example embodiments, the one or more ridges  195  may extend perpendicularly (or substantially in a perpendicular direction) from a main surface of the ledge  197 . The ledge  197  and the one or more ridges  195  may be configured to position or align the replaceable mouthpiece  190  with respect to the lid  110 . The one or more coupling structures  198  may be configured to couple the replaceable mouthpiece  190  to the lid  110 . The one or more coupling structures  198  may be bubble or projection couplers. For example, as illustrated, the replaceable mouthpiece  190  may include four bubble or projection couplers, two disposed along each major length of the second end  194  of the replaceable mouthpiece  190 . 
     In at least some example embodiments, the replaceable mouthpiece  190  may be inserted through an opening  111  of the lid  110  that is configured to receive and secure the second end  194  of the replaceable mouthpiece  190  (e.g., via a snap-fit arrangement). In this manner, as illustrated best in  FIGS. 1, 6, and 9 , the ledge  197 , the one or more ridges  195 , and the one or more coupling structures  198  are covered by the lid  110  when assembled with the aerosol-generating device  100 . For example, only the tapered portion and the first end  192  of the replaceable mouthpiece  190  may be visible once the aerosol-generating device  100  is assembled. Furthermore, as a result of the mating features (e.g., coupling structures  198 ), a confirmatory feedback (e.g., audible click) may be provided when the replaceable mouthpiece  190  is properly engaged with the lid  110 . 
       FIGS. 21-26  are illustrations of an aerosol-generating device  500  (e.g., heat-not-burn (HNB) aerosol-generating device) in accordance with at least one example embodiment. The aerosol-generating device  500  is the same as the aerosol-generating device  100  except the aerosol-generating device  500  includes a cylindrical mouthpiece  590 . For example,  FIG. 21  is a top perspective view of the aerosol-generating device  500 , where the lid  110  is closed.  FIG. 22  is a bottom perspective view of the aerosol-generating device  500 , where the lid  110  is closed.  FIG. 23  is a top-down view of the aerosol-generating device  500 , where the lid  110  is closed.  FIG. 24  is another top perspective view of the aerosol-generating device  500 , where the lid  110  is opened.  FIG. 25  is a top-down view of the aerosol-generating device  500 , where the lid  110  is opened.  FIG. 26  is another top perspective view of the aerosol-generating device  500 , where the lid  110  is opened and a capsule  200  is received by the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . 
       FIGS. 27-31  are illustrations of the replaceable mouthpiece  590 . In at least some example embodiments, the replaceable mouthpiece  590  includes a first end  592  and a second end  594  distal from the first end  592 . Different from the replaceable mouthpiece  190 , the first end  592  of the replaceable mouthpiece  590  may have a substantially cylindrical shape. Though only two shapes are illustrated, the skilled artisan will recognize that the first ends  192 ,  592  of the replaceable mouthpieces  190 ,  590  may take a variety of other configurations. The second end  594  of the replaceable mouthpiece  590  may have a shape the same or similar as the second end  194  of the replaceable mouthpiece  190 , such that the replaceable mouthpiece  590  may be similarly engaged by an opening  111  of the lid  110 . 
     For example, in at least one example embodiment, the replaceable mouthpiece  590  may be tapered between the first end  592  and the second end  594 . For example, the diameter of the first end  592  may be smaller than the diameter or average length/width dimensions of the second end  594 . Towards the first end  592 , the taper may have a slight inward curvature  591  that is configured to receive the lips of an adult consumer and improve the comfort and experience. 
     The first end  592  of the replaceable mouthpiece  590  includes one or more outlets  596 . For example, as illustrated, the first end  592  may include four outlets  596  (e.g., diverging outlets), such that four or more different areas or quadrants of the consumer&#39;s mouth can be engaged during use of the aerosol-generating device  500 . 
     The second end  594  is coupleable to the lid  110 . For example, in at least one example embodiment, the second end  594  includes a ledge  597 , one or more ridges  595 , and one or more coupling structures  598 . The ledge  597  may include a recessed portion  593  and, in at least some example embodiments, the one or more ridges  595  may extend perpendicularly (or substantially in a perpendicular direction) from the recessed portion  593 . In other example embodiments, the one or more ridges  595  may extend perpendicularly (or substantially in a perpendicular direction) from a main surface of the ledge  597 . The ledge  597  and the one or more ridges  595  may be configured to position or align the replaceable mouthpiece  590  with respect to the lid  110 . The one or more coupling structures  598  may be configured to couple the replaceable mouthpiece  590  to the lid  110 . The one or more coupling structures  598  may be bubble or projection couplers. For example, as illustrated, the replaceable mouthpiece  590  may include four bubble or projection couplers, two disposed along each major length of the second end  594  of the replaceable mouthpiece  590 . 
     In at least some example embodiments, the aerosol-generating device in accordance with at least some example embodiments (such as the aerosol-generating device  100  illustrated in  FIGS. 1-10  and/or the aerosol-generating device  500  illustrated in  FIGS. 21-26 ) are configured to receive a capsule (e.g., capsule  200 ) that includes an aerosol-forming substrate (e.g., aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ′). Additional details and/or alternatives for the aerosol-generating device, the capsule, and/or the aerosol-forming substrate may be found in U.S. Application No. ______, titled “Capsules Including Embedded Heaters And Heat-Not-Burn (HNB) Aerosol-Generating Devices” (Atty. Dkt. No. 24000NV-000667-US), filed concurrently herewith; U.S. Application No. ______, titled “Aerosol-Generating Capsules” (Atty. Dkt. No. 24000NV-000716-US), filed concurrently herewith; and U.S. Application No. ______, titled “Heat-Not-Burn (HNB) Aerosol-Generating Devices And Capsules” (Atty. Dkt. No. 24000NV-000718-US), filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     As discussed herein, an aerosol-forming substrate is a material or combination of materials that may yield an aerosol. An aerosol relates to the matter generated or output by the devices disclosed, claimed, and equivalents thereof. The material may include a compound (e.g., nicotine, cannabinoid), wherein an aerosol including the compound is produced when the material is heated. The heating may be below the combustion temperature so as to produce an aerosol without involving a substantial pyrolysis of the aerosol-forming substrate or the substantial generation of combustion byproducts (if any). Thus, in an example embodiment, pyrolysis does not occur during the heating and resulting production of aerosol. In other instances, there may be some pyrolysis and combustion byproducts, but the extent may be considered relatively minor and/or merely incidental. 
     The aerosol-forming substrate may be a fibrous material. For instance, the fibrous material may be a botanical material. The fibrous material is configured to release a compound when heated. The compound may be a naturally occurring constituent of the fibrous material. For instance, the fibrous material may be plant material such as tobacco, and the compound released may be nicotine. The term “tobacco” includes any tobacco plant material including tobacco leaf, tobacco plug, reconstituted tobacco, compressed tobacco, shaped tobacco, or powder tobacco, and combinations thereof from one or more species of tobacco plants, such as  Nicotiana rustica  and  Nicotiana tabacum.    
     In some example embodiments, the tobacco material may include material from any member of the genus  Nicotiana . In addition, the tobacco material may include a blend of two or more different tobacco varieties. Examples of suitable types of tobacco materials that may be used include, but are not limited to, flue-cured tobacco, Burley tobacco, Dark tobacco, Maryland tobacco, Oriental tobacco, rare tobacco, specialty tobacco, blends thereof, and the like. The tobacco material may be provided in any suitable form, including, but not limited to, tobacco lamina, processed tobacco materials, such as volume expanded or puffed tobacco, processed tobacco stems, such as cut-rolled or cut-puffed stems, reconstituted tobacco materials, blends thereof, and the like. In some example embodiments, the tobacco material is in the form of a substantially dry tobacco mass. Furthermore, in some instances, the tobacco material may be mixed and/or combined with at least one of propylene glycol, glycerin, sub-combinations thereof, or combinations thereof. 
     The compound may also be a naturally occurring constituent of a medicinal plant that has a medically-accepted therapeutic effect. For instance, the medicinal plant may be a cannabis plant, and the compound may be a cannabinoid. Cannabinoids interact with receptors in the body to produce a wide range of effects. As a result, cannabinoids have been used for a variety of medicinal purposes (e.g., treatment of pain, nausea, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders). The fibrous material may include the leaf and/or flower material from one or more species of cannabis plants such as  Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica , and  Cannabis ruderalis . In some instances, the fibrous material is a mixture of 60-80% (e.g., 70%)  Cannabis sativa  and 20-40% (e.g., 30%)  Cannabis indica.    
     Examples of cannabinoids include tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabichromene (CBC), and cannabigerol (CBG). Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) is a precursor of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), while cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) is precursor of cannabidiol (CBD). Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) may be converted to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), respectively, via heating. In an example embodiment, heat from a heater may cause decarboxylation so as to convert the tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) in the capsule to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and/or to convert the cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) in the capsule to cannabidiol (CBD). 
     In instances where both tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are present in the capsule, the decarboxylation and resulting conversion will cause a decrease in tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and an increase in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). At least 50% (e.g., at least 87%) of the tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) may be converted to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during the heating of the capsule. Similarly, in instances where both cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and cannabidiol (CBD) are present in the capsule, the decarboxylation and resulting conversion will cause a decrease in cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and an increase in cannabidiol (CBD). At least 50% (e.g., at least 87%) of the cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) may be converted to cannabidiol (CBD) during the heating of the capsule. 
     Furthermore, the compound may be or may additionally include a non-naturally occurring additive that is subsequently introduced into the fibrous material. In one instance, the fibrous material may include at least one of cotton, polyethylene, polyester, rayon, combinations thereof, or the like (e.g., in a form of a gauze). In another instance, the fibrous material may be a cellulose material (e.g., non-tobacco and/or non-cannabis material). In either instance, the compound introduced may include nicotine, cannabinoids, and/or flavorants. The flavorants may be from natural sources, such as plant extracts (e.g., tobacco extract, cannabis extract), and/or artificial sources. In yet another instance, when the fibrous material includes tobacco and/or cannabis, the compound may be or may additionally include one or more flavorants (e.g., menthol, mint, vanilla). Thus, the compound within the aerosol-forming substrate may include naturally occurring constituents and/or non-naturally occurring additives. In this regard, it should be understood that existing levels of the naturally occurring constituents of the aerosol-forming substrate may be increased through supplementation. For example, the existing levels of nicotine in a quantity of tobacco may be increased through supplementation with an extract containing nicotine. Similarly, the existing levels of one or more cannabinoids in a quantity of cannabis may be increased through supplementation with an extract containing such cannabinoids. 
     In at least some example embodiments, the aerosol-generating device in accordance with at least some example embodiments (such as, the aerosol-generating device  100  illustrated in  FIGS. 1-10  and/or the aerosol-generating device  500  illustrated in  FIGS. 21-26 ) are configured to heat a capsule (e.g., capsule  200 ) to generate an aerosol. In an example embodiment, a method of generating an aerosol may include initially loading a capsule  200  into the aerosol-generating device  100  or the aerosol-generating device  500 . To load the capsule  200 , the lid  110  is pivoted to the open position, and the capsule  200  is inserted into the capsule-receiving cavity  130  defined by the capsule connector  132 . Next, pivoting the lid  110  to the closed position such that the lid  110  engages the latch  114  and will maintain the closed position while pressing the capsule  200  further into the capsule-receiving cavity  130  to fully seat the capsule  200 . 
     When the capsule  200  is fully seated within the capsule-receiving cavity  130 , the end sections of the capsule  200  (which may be analogous to the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  of the capsule  1300 ) will be pressed against the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B (e.g., pressed against the exposed tips of the contact surfaces  158 A,  158 B of the contact members  152 ′,  152 ″), which will, in turn, be compressed and retracted via the spring features  156 A,  156 B of the contact members  152 ′,  152 ″. While pressed against the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B, the end sections of the capsule  200  (which may be analogous to the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  of the capsule  1300 ) may also contact the flat surfaces  174  of the alignment members in the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . Additionally, the alignment recess of the capsule  200  (which may be analogous to the alignment recess  1326  of the capsule  1300 ) may contact or otherwise be adjacent to the angled surfaces  176  of the alignment members in the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . Furthermore, the inlet recess of the capsule  200  (which may be analogous to the inlet recess  1328  of the capsule  1300 ) may receive the capsule seal  202  for a resilient engagement. As a result, a relatively secure electrical connection and desirable seal may be established with the capsule  200 . 
     The aerosol-generating device  100  or the aerosol-generating device  500  may be activated using the consumer interface panel  143  (e.g., by pressing the power button  142 ) and/or upon the detection of a draw event (e.g., via the flow sensor  185 ). Upon activation, the control circuitry  160  is configured to instruct the power source  150  to supply an electrical current to the capsule  200  via the electrical contacts  152 A,  152 B in the capsule-receiving cavity  130 . Specifically, the capsule  200  includes a heater (which may be analogous to the heater  1340  of the capsule  1300 ) that is configured to undergo resistive heating in response to the electrical current from the power source  150  that is introduced via its end sections (which may be analogous to the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  of the capsule  1300 ). As a result of the resistive heating, the temperature of the aerosol-forming substrate within the capsule  200  will increase such that volatiles are released so as to generate an aerosol. 
     In at least one example embodiment, the heating of the aerosol-forming substrate within the capsule  200  may be below a combustion temperature of the aerosol-forming substrate so as to produce an aerosol without involving a substantial pyrolysis of the aerosol-forming substrate or the substantial generation of combustion byproducts (if any). Thus, in an example embodiment, pyrolysis does not occur during the heating and resulting production of aerosol. In other instances, there may be some pyrolysis and combustion byproducts, but the extent may be considered relatively minor and/or merely incidental. The method of heating/control may be as described in U.S. Application No. ______, titled “Heat-Not-Burn (HNB) Aerosol-Generating Devices Including Energy Based Heater Control, And Methods Of Controlling A Heater” (Atty. Dkt. No. 24000NV-000668-US), filed concurrently herewith; and U.S. Application No. ______, titled “Heat-Not-Burn (HNB) Aerosol-Generating Devices Including Intra-Draw Heater Control, and Methods of Controlling a Heater” (Atty. Dkt. No. 24000NV-000670-US), filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     Upon a draw or application of negative pressure to the aerosol-generating device  100  (e.g., via the mouthpiece  190 ) or the aerosol-generating device  500  (e.g., via the mouthpiece  590 ), ambient air is drawn into the aerosol-generating device  100  or the aerosol-generating device  500  through the pores  173  in the grille  172 . Once inside, the air streams from the pores  173  converge and may pass through an air channel assembly  181  before being directed to the air hose  180 . The converged airflow may be optionally detected/monitored with a flow sensor  185  within the air channel assembly  181  and/or the air hose  180 . From the air hose  180 , the airflow is directed to the air inlet connection  184  of the capsule connector  132 . The airflow then travels through the capsule seal  202  and enters the inlet openings in the capsule  200  (which may be analogous to the openings  1322  in the capsule  1300 ). Inside the capsule  200 , the air may flow (e.g., longitudinally) through the aerosol-forming substrate and along the plane of the heater so as to entrain the volatiles released by the aerosol-forming substrate, which results in an aerosol. Finally, the resulting aerosol passes through the outlet openings in the capsule  200  (which may be analogous to the openings  1312  in the capsule  1300 ) before exiting the aerosol-generating device  100  (e.g., via the outlets  196  in the mouthpiece  190 ) or the aerosol-generating device  500  (e.g., via the outlets  596  in the mouthpiece  590 ). 
     In at least some example embodiments, the method of use regarding the aerosol-generating device  100  or the aerosol-generating device  500  may include securing the replaceable mouthpiece (e.g., replaceable mouthpiece  190  and/or replaceable mouthpiece  590 ) to the lid (e.g.,  110 ). For example, the method may include inserting the replaceable mouthpiece into the opening (e.g., opening  111 ) of the lid when the lid is in an opened position until resistance is felt and/or a click is heard. In at least some example embodiments, the method of use may include replacing the replaceable mouthpiece (e.g., replaceable mouthpiece  190  and/or replaceable mouthpiece  590 ). Replacing the replaceable mouthpiece may including opening the lid (e.g.,  110 ); removing a first replaceable mouthpiece from the opening (e.g., opening  111 ); and inserting a second replaceable mouthpiece into the opening until resistance is felt and/or a click is heard. 
     Although a capsule  200  has been illustrated as one example in connection with the aerosol-generating device  100  and the aerosol-generating device  500 , it should be understood other suitable examples are also available. Further details, variants, and alternatives of the capsule are discussed below in connections with  FIGS. 32-46 . 
       FIG. 32  is a downstream perspective view of a capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment.  FIG. 33  is an upstream perspective view of the capsule of  FIG. 32 . Referring to  FIGS. 32-33 , a capsule  1200  may include a housing having a downstream portion, an upstream portion, and a body portion between the downstream portion and the upstream portion. The downstream portion of the housing may be in the form of a first end cap  1210  (e.g., downstream cap). The upstream portion of the housing may be in the form of a second end cap  1220  (e.g., upstream cap). The body portion of the housing may be in the form of a cover  1230  (e.g., shell, box sleeve). 
     The first end cap  1210  defines a first opening  1212 , while the second end cap  1220  defines a second opening  1222 . In an example embodiment, the first opening  1212  is in the form of a series of outlet openings (e.g., five outlet openings), and the second opening  1222  is in the form of a series of inlet openings (e.g., five inlet openings). In another instance, instead of being arranged in series, the openings may be arranged in an array of rows and columns. Additionally, the second end cap  1220  may expose a first end section  1242  and a second end section  1246  of a heater  1240  (e.g.,  FIG. 34 ). As illustrated, the second opening  1222  may be between the exposed portions of the first end section  1242  and the second end section  1246 . The first end cap  1210  and the second end cap  1220  may be formed of a high-temperature plastic. Non-limiting examples of suitable high-temperature plastics include liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). Furthermore, the first end cap  1210  and the second end cap  1220  may be of the same color or of different colors (e.g., including transparent). In instances where the first end cap  1210  and/or the second end cap  1220  are transparent, the first end cap  1210  and/or the second end cap  1220  may serve as windows configured to permit a viewing of the contents/components (e.g., aerosol-forming substrate and/or heater) within the capsule  1200 . The color(s) of the first end cap  1210  and the second end cap  1220  may be optionally used for stock keeping unit (SKU) identification. 
     The cover  1230  may be formed of a metal/alloy, a high-temperature plastic, and/or a plant material. In some instances, the metal may include aluminum, and the alloy may be stainless steel. The high-temperature plastic may be the same as those disclosed in connection with the first end cap  1210  and the second end cap  1220 . The plant material may include cellulose fibers (e.g., in the form of paper pulp). As for dimensions, the cover  1230  may have a thickness (e.g., wall thickness) of about 0.4 mm-0.6 mm (e.g., 0.5 mm), although example embodiments are not limited thereto. In addition to being wholly formed of one of the above materials, the cover  1230  may also have a composite/multi-layer structure. For instance, the cover  1230  may include an underlying/inner layer of metal combined with an overlying/outer layer of plastic and/or plant material (e.g., paper, cardboard). 
     When a metal/alloy is used to produce the cover  1230 , the fabrication process may include extrusion of the metal/alloy to form the cover  1230 . In another instance, the fabrication process may include pressing/drawing (e.g., punching an appropriate shape out of a sheet of the metal/alloy) and cutting to form the cover  1230 . In yet another instance, the fabrication process may include stamping a sheet of the metal/alloy to an appropriate size/shape and folding to form the cover  1230  followed by an optional seam welding and/or application of a label. These latter two processes may reduce fabrication costs. 
     The capsule  1200  may have a cuboid-like shape which includes a front face, a rear face opposite the front face, a first side face between the front face and the rear face, a second side face opposite the first side face, a downstream end face, and an upstream end face opposite the downstream end face. To receive the capsule  1200 , it should be understood that the capsule-receiving cavity (e.g., capsule-receiving cavity  130  of the aerosol-generating device  100 ) may be configured to accommodate such a shape. Although the capsule  1200  is illustrated as having a cuboid-like shape (e.g., rounded rectangular cuboid) with a rectangular cross-section, it should be understood that example embodiments are not limited thereto. For instance, in some embodiments, the capsule  1200  may have a shape wherein an end view or cross-section resembles a rectangle with a pair of opposing semicircular ends (e.g., elongated circle, obround, discorectangle, stadium, racetrack), an oval/ovoid, or an ellipse. The chamber defined within the capsule  1200  may have the same or a different shape as the exterior of the capsule  1200 . For instance, the cross-sections of the chamber and the exterior of the capsule  1200  may both be rectangular. In another instance, the cross-section of the chamber may be non-rectangular (e.g. obround), while the cross-section of the exterior of the capsule  1200  may be rectangular (or vice versa). 
       FIG. 34  is an exploded view of the capsule of  FIG. 32 .  FIG. 35  is an exploded, upstream perspective view of the capsule of  FIG. 32 . Referring to  FIGS. 34-35 , the first end cap  1210  includes a projecting edge or flange around its periphery. The extent of the protrusion of the projecting edge of the first end cap  1210  may be about equal to the wall thickness of the cover  1230 . Similarly, the second end cap  1220  includes a projecting edge or flange around its periphery. The extent of the protrusion of the projecting edge of the second end cap  1220  may also be about equal to the wall thickness of the cover  1230 . The first end cap  1210  and the second end cap  1220  are configured to engage with inner surfaces of the cover  1230 . The projecting edges of the first end cap  1210  and the second end cap  1220  may function as stoppers when the first end cap  1210  and the second end cap  1220  are being engaged with the cover  1230 . Additionally, when the capsule  1200  is assembled, the edges of the first end cap  1210  and the second end cap  1220  may be substantially flush with the adjacent surfaces of the cover  1230 . 
     In an alternative embodiment, the first end cap  1210  may be integrated with the cover  1230  so as to constitute a single structure. For instance, the fabrication process may include pressing/drawing a metal sheet such that the first end cap  1210  and the cover  1230  are integrally formed of the same material (e.g., as a continuous shell). The first opening  1212  may pre-punched into the metal sheet before the pressing/drawing or post-punched into the metal sheet after the pressing/drawings. 
     The heater  1240  includes a first end section  1242 , an intermediate section  1244 , and a second end section  1246 . The first end section  1242  and the second end section  1246  include external segments of the heater  1240  configured to establish an electrical connection with a power source (e.g., for receiving an electric current from the power source  150 ). During manufacturing, the heater  1240  may be embedded within the second end cap  1220  via injection molding (e.g., insert molding, overmolding). The intermediate section  1244  is an internal segment of the heater  1240  configured to heat the aerosol-forming substrate (e.g., aerosol-forming substrate  1860  in  FIG. 47 ). When the capsule  1200  is assembled, the intermediate section  1244  of the heater  1240  may be aligned between the first opening  1212  and the second opening  1222 . 
     The aerosol-forming substrate for the capsule  1200  may be in a consolidated form or in a loose form. Specifically, when in a consolidated form, the aerosol-forming substrate may have a shape that facilitates its placement within the housing. For instance, the aerosol-forming substrate may be in the form of one or more rectangular sheets/slabs dimensioned for insertion into the cover  1230 . When in a loose form, the aerosol-forming substrate may be loaded into the cover  1230  via a vacuum-assisted process. With such a process, the housing may first be partially assembled such that the second end cap  1220  (with the heater  1240  embedded therein) is engaged with the cover  1230 . A vacuum may then be applied to the second opening  1222  of the second end cap  1220  to pull aerosol-forming substrate provided in the vicinity into the open end of the cover  1230 . The level of the vacuum may be varied as appropriate to achieve the desired density of the aerosol-forming substrate for the capsule  1200 . In this manner, a plurality of capsules may be loaded simultaneously and relatively consistently. 
       FIG. 36  is an enlarged view of the heater in  FIG. 34 . A sheet material may be cut or otherwise processed (e.g., stamping, electrochemical etching, die cutting, laser cutting) to produce the heater  1240 . In such an instance, the heater  1240  will have an integral, continuous form. The sheet material may be formed of one or more conductors configured to undergo Joule heating (which is also known as ohmic/resistive heating). Suitable conductors for the sheet material include an iron-based alloy (e.g., stainless steel, iron aluminides), a nickel-based alloy (e.g., nichrome), and/or a ceramic (e.g., ceramic coated with metal). For instance, the stainless steel may be a type known in the art as SS316L, although example embodiments are not limited thereto. The sheet material may have a thickness of about 0.10 mm-0.30 mm (e.g., 0.15 mm-0.25 mm). The heater  1240  may have a resistance between 0.5 Ohm-2.5 Ohms (e.g., 1.0 Ohm-2.0 Ohms). Referring to  FIG. 36 , the heater  1240  has a first end section  1242 , an intermediate section  1244 , and a second end section  1246 . The first end section  1242  and the second end section  1246  are configured to electrically connect to a power source when the capsule  1200  is loaded into the device body of an aerosol-generating device. When the heater  1240  is activated (e.g., so as to undergo Joule heating), the temperature of the aerosol-forming substrate may increase, and an aerosol may be generated and drawn or otherwise released through the first opening  1212  of the capsule  1200  before continuing downstream and exiting from the mouthpiece (e.g., replaceable mouthpiece  190 ). 
     The intermediate section  1244  of the heater  1240  may have a planar and winding form resembling a compressed oscillation or zigzag with a plurality of parallel segments (e.g., eight to sixteen parallel segments). Each parallel segment may have a width of about 0.28 mm-0.32 mm (e.g., 0.30 mm) and a spacing between parallel segments of about 0.30 mm-0.34 mm (e.g., 0.32 mm), although other dimensions are also possible. In an example embodiment, the intermediate section  1244  may occupy a rectangular area so as to more fully heat the chamber within the cover  1230 . However, it should be understood that other forms for the intermediate section  1244  of the heater  1240  are also possible (e.g., spiral form, flower-like form). Additionally, the terminus of each of the first end section  1242  and the second end section  1246  may be oriented orthogonally to the plane of the intermediate section  1244 . Furthermore, each of the first end section  1242  and the second end section  1246  may include a segment having a sideways, square J-shape which facilitates a transition from the plane of the intermediate section  1244  to the orthogonal plane of the electrical contact surfaces of the first end section  1242  and the second end section  1246 . In this regard, the first end section  1242  and the second end section  1246  may also be viewed as resembling a pair of “feet” of the heater  1240 . As a result, the first end section  1242  and the second end section  1246  may be embedded relatively securely within the second end cap  1220  while providing a pair of electrical contact surfaces (e.g., for engagement with the electrical contacts  152   a  and  152   b  of the aerosol-generating device  100 ). 
       FIG. 37  is a downstream perspective view of another capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment.  FIG. 38  is an upstream end view of the capsule of  FIG. 37 . Generally, the capsule  1300  has commonalties (e.g., features, properties, materials of construction, methods of manufacture) with the capsule  200  and the capsule  1200 . Thus, it should be understood that analogous aspects of the capsule  1300  may be the same as those disclosed in connection with the capsule  200  and the capsule  1200  unless otherwise indicated. Referring to  FIGS. 37-38 , the capsule  1300  has a housing configured to contain an aerosol-forming substrate (e.g., aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ′ in  FIG. 48 ) and a heater, wherein the downstream portion of the housing may be in the form of a first end cap  1310  (e.g., downstream cap). The upstream portion of the housing may be in the form of a second end cap  1320  (e.g., upstream cap, connector cap). The body portion of the housing may be in the form of a cover  1330  (e.g., shell, box sleeve). 
     The first end cap  1310  defines a first opening  1312 , while the second end cap  1320  defines a second opening  1322 . In an example embodiment, the first opening  1312  is in the form of a series of outlet openings (e.g., nine outlet openings), and the second opening  1322  is in the form of a series of inlet openings (e.g., eight inlet openings). In another instance, instead of being arranged in series, the openings may be arranged in an array of rows and columns. Additionally, each of the openings may have a width of about 0.26 mm-0.30 mm (e.g., 0.28 mm) to reduce or prevent the egress of particles of the aerosol-forming substrate. Although rectangular recesses are shown on the sides of the first end cap  1310  and the second end cap  1320 , it should be understood that these features (e.g., gating features) are the result of a manufacturing process (e.g., injection molding) and may be omitted is some embodiments. Furthermore, the second end cap  1320  may expose a first end section  1342  and a second end section  1346  of a heater  1340  (e.g.,  FIG. 41 ). As illustrated, the second opening  1322  may be between the exposed portions of the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346 . 
     As shown in the drawings, the capsule  1300  has a shape wherein an end view or cross-section resembles a rectangle with a pair of opposing semicircular ends (e.g., elongated circle, obround, discorectangle, stadium, racetrack). The shape of the capsule  1300  may also be viewed as one wherein a cylinder has been diametrically elongated or flattened along its longitudinal axis. However, it should be understood that the capsule  1300  may have other suitable shapes. For example, in some instances, the capsule  1300  may have an ovoid or ellipsoid shape with an oval or elliptical cross-section. In other instances, the capsule  1300  may have a cuboid-like shape (e.g., rounded rectangular cuboid) with a rectangular cross-section. The chamber defined within the capsule  1300  may have the same or a different shape as the exterior of the capsule  1300 . For instance, the cross-sections of the chamber and the exterior of the capsule  1300  may both be obround. In another instance, the cross-section of the chamber may be non-obround (e.g., rectangular), while the cross-section of the exterior of the capsule  1300  may be obround (or vice versa). 
       FIG. 39  is a cross-sectional view of the capsule of  FIG. 37 . Referring to  FIG. 39 , the intermediate section  1344  of the heater  1340  is an internal segment configured to heat an aerosol-forming substrate within the capsule  1300 . It should be understood that the aerosol-forming substrate for the capsule  1300  may be the same as described in connection with the aerosol-forming substrate for the capsule  200  and the capsule  1200 . The first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  of the heater  1340  are external segments configured to establish an electrical connection with a power source (e.g., electrical connection with the power source  150  via the electrical contacts  152   a  and  152   b ). 
     In addition to the second opening  1322 , the second end cap  1320  also defines an alignment recess  1326  and an inlet recess  1328 . The alignment recess  1326  and the inlet recess  1328  may be viewed as being in a multi-level arrangement, wherein the base/inner end surface of the alignment recess  1326  (which exposes the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346 ) may be regarded as being on one level, while the base/inner end surface of the inlet recess  1328  (or the grille-like surface of the second opening  1322 ) may be regarded as being on another level. The alignment recess  1326  is configured to facilitate a positioning of the capsule  1300  during its insertion into the device body of an aerosol-generating device. In an example embodiment, the alignment recess  1326  has angled sidewalls which taper inward toward the inlet recess  1328 . With the angled sidewalls, the alignment recess  1326  may be quickly coupled with a corresponding engagement member of the device body with greater ease. For instance, when received within the capsule-receiving cavity  130  of the aerosol-generating device  100 , the alignment recess  1326  of the capsule  1300  may be engaged with the angled surfaces  176 , while the inlet recess  1328  of the capsule  1300  may be engaged with the capsule seal  202 . As a result, the capsule  1300  may be properly loaded and aligned within the device body of the aerosol-generating device in a relatively consistent manner. 
       FIG. 40  is an exploded view of the capsule of  FIG. 37 . Referring to  FIG. 40 , the first end cap  1310  includes a first sealing ridge  1314 , while the second end cap  1320  includes a second sealing ridge  1324 . In an example embodiment, the first sealing ridge  1314  is in the form of a series of ribs (e.g., four ribs), and the second sealing ridge  1324  is in the form of a series of ribs (e.g., four ribs). In some instances, the ribs in each of the series may be of different heights to ensure a desired contact with the cover  1330 . When the capsule  1300  is assembled, the first sealing ridge  1314  of the first end cap  1310  and the second sealing ridge  1324  of the second end cap  1320  are configured to interface with the inner surface of the cover  1330  (e.g., via an interference fit) to provide an air seal. As a result, when air is directed to the capsule  1300  during an operation of the aerosol-generating device, the air will enter the capsule  1300  via the inlet recess  1328  and the second opening  1322  in the second end cap  1320  (as opposed to entering the capsule  1300  via a gap between the second end cap  1320  and the cover  1330 , wherein such air may essentially just flow along the inner surface of the cover  1330  so as to primarily bypass the aerosol-forming substrate and/or the intermediate section  1344  of the heater  1340 ). Similarly, with an appropriate seal, the aerosol generated within the chamber of the capsule  1300  will be drawn out through the first opening  1312  in the first end cap  1310  (as opposed to leaking out through a gap between the first end cap  1310  and the cover  1330 ). 
     The first end cap  1310  and the second end cap  1320  may be configured to include lead-in features to facilitate their introduction into the cover  1330 . For instance, the first end cap  1310  may have a distal end with a periphery in a form of a tapered edge. Similarly, the second end cap  1320  may have a proximal end with a periphery in a form of a tapered edge. Such configurations may ease the insertions of the first end cap  1310  and the second end cap  1320  into the cover  1330  (e.g., via press fitting) during the assembly of the capsule  1300 . 
       FIG. 41  is an isolated view of the heater in  FIG. 40 . Referring to  FIG. 41 , the heater  1340  includes a first end section  1342 , an intermediate section  1344 , and a second end section  1346 . The intermediate section  1344  of the heater  1340  may have a planar and winding form resembling a compressed oscillation or zigzag with a plurality of parallel segments (e.g., eight to sixteen parallel segments). In an example embodiment, the two outermost parallel segments of the intermediate section  1344  may be wider than the inner parallel segments (e.g., 0.60 mm versus 0.30 mm) for thermal relief and mechanical stiffening. The inner parallel segments of the intermediate section  1344  may also be closer to the first opening  1312  in the first end cap  1310  and the second opening  1322  in the second end cap  1320  than the outer parallel segments of the intermediate section  1344 . Such a configuration may promote heating in the center of the capsule  1300 . However, it should be understood that other forms for the intermediate section  1344  of the heater  1340  are also possible (e.g., spiral form, flower-like form). 
     The terminus of each of the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  may be oriented orthogonally to the plane of the intermediate section  1344 . Each of the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  may also include segments having a sideways J-shape. Furthermore, each of the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  may include opposing finger/claw-like structures. The finger/claw-like structures may serve as locating features for manufacturing equipment (e.g., overmolding tool). As a result, the first end section  1342  and the second end section  1346  may be embedded relatively securely within the second end cap  1320  while providing a pair of electrical contact surfaces. 
       FIG. 42  is a perspective view of a variant of the heater of  FIG. 41 . Referring to  FIG. 42 , the heater  1340 ′ includes a first end section  1342 ′, an intermediate section  1344 ′, and a second end section  1346 ′. The first end section  1342 ′, the intermediate section  1344 ′, and the second end section  1346 ′ of the heater  1340 ′ may be the same as described in connection with the first end section  1342 , the intermediate section  1344 , and the second end section  1346 , respectively, of the heater  1340  unless indicated otherwise. For instance, with regard to differences, the transition from the intermediate section  1344 ′ to the first end section  1342 ′ and the second end section  1346 ′ may involve little or no dimension change (e.g., uniform width versus the wider, thermal relief/lower resistance sections in  FIG. 41 ). In addition, the first end section  1342 ′ and the second end section  1346 ′ may each include a simplified tab as the anchor structure and the electrical contact structure. 
       FIG. 43  is a downstream perspective view of another capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. Generally, the capsule  1400  has commonalties (e.g., features, properties, materials of construction, methods of manufacture) with the capsule  1300 . Thus, it should be understood that analogous aspects of the capsule  1400  may be the same as those disclosed in connection with the capsule  1300  unless otherwise indicated. Referring to  FIG. 43 , the capsule  1400  has a housing with a downstream portion in the form of a first end cap  1410  (e.g., downstream cap) defining a first opening  1412 , an upstream portion in the form of a second end cap  1420  (e.g., upstream cap, connector cap), and a body portion therebetween in the form of a cover  1430  (e.g., shell, box sleeve). With regard to alternatives to the shape shown, it should be understood that, in some instances, the capsule  1400  may instead have a cuboid-like shape (e.g., rounded rectangular cuboid) with a rectangular cross-section. In other instances, the capsule  1400  may have an ovoid or ellipsoid shape with an oval or elliptical cross-section. The chamber defined within the capsule  1400  may have the same or a different shape as the exterior of the capsule  1400 . For instance, the cross-sections of the chamber and the exterior of the capsule  1400  may both be obround. In another instance, the cross-section of the chamber may be non-obround (e.g., rectangular), while the cross-section of the exterior of the capsule  1400  may be obround (or vice versa). 
     As illustrated, the sides of the first end cap  1410  and the second end cap  1420  may be devoid of rectangular recesses (e.g., gating features) present in some other embodiments (e.g., compare with capsule  1300  in  FIG. 37 ) as a result of a manufacturing process. Additionally, although the side surfaces of the first end cap  1410  and the second end cap  1420  may be substantially flush with the adjacent/adjoining surfaces of the cover  1430 , it should be understood that other variants are possible. For example, in some instances, the projecting edge/flange of the first end cap  1410  (which functions as a hard stop for the cover  1430 ) may be greater than the wall thickness of the cover  1430  such that the adjacent/adjoining surfaces of the first end cap  1410  and the cover  1430  are neither flush nor substantially flush. In other instances, the projecting edge/flange of the second end cap  1420  (which functions as a hard stop for the cover  1430 ) may be greater than the wall thickness of the cover  1430  such that the adjacent/adjoining surfaces of the second end cap  1420  and the cover  1430  are neither flush nor substantially flush. In yet other instances, both the projecting edges/flanges of the first end cap  1410  and the second end cap  1420  may be greater than the wall thickness of the cover  1430  such that the adjacent/adjoining surfaces of the first end cap  1410  and the cover  1430  are neither flush nor substantially flush, and the adjacent/adjoining surfaces of cover  1430  and the second end cap  1420  are neither flush nor substantially flush. 
     In another variation, the first end cap  1410  and/or the second end cap  1420  may be configured to be fully seated within the cover  1430 . For example, the downstream end face of the first end cap  1410  may be flush (or slightly sub-flush) with the downstream rim of the cover  1430 . Similarly, the upstream end face of the second end cap  1420  may be flush (or slightly sub-flush) with the upstream rim of the cover  1430 . 
       FIG. 44  is a downstream perspective view of another capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. Generally, the capsule  1500  has commonalties (e.g., features, properties, materials of construction, methods of manufacture) with the capsule  1300 . Thus, it should be understood that analogous aspects of the capsule  1500  may be the same as those disclosed in connection with the capsule  1300  unless otherwise indicated. Referring to  FIG. 44 , the capsule  1500  has a housing with a downstream portion in the form of a first end cap  1510  (e.g., downstream cap) defining a first opening  1512 , an upstream portion in the form of a second end cap  1520  (e.g., upstream cap, connector cap), and a body portion therebetween in the form of a cover  1530  (e.g., shell, box sleeve). With regard to alternatives to the shape shown, it should be understood that, in some instances, the capsule  1500  may instead have a shape wherein an end view or cross-section resembles a rectangle with a pair of opposing semicircular ends (e.g., elongated circle, obround, discorectangle, stadium, racetrack), an oval/ovoid, or an ellipse. 
     As illustrated, the first end cap  1510  and the second end cap  1520  may overlap with the cover  1530 . Specifically, the periphery of each of the first end cap  1510  and the second end cap  1520  may be greater than the periphery of the cover  1530  so that the opposite ends of the cover  1530  can be received within the first end cap  1510  and the second end cap  1520 . In such an instance, the first end cap  1510  and the second end cap  1520  may interface with the outer surface of the cover  1530 . In another instance, the first end cap  1510  and the second end cap  1520  may interface with both the outer surface and the inner surface of the cover  1530 . In either instance, the first end cap  1510  and the second end cap  1520  may include sealing ridges configured to interface with the cover  1530  to provide the desired air seal. Furthermore, the overlapping configuration of  FIG. 44  may provide improved ergonomics by allowing the capsule  1500  to be grasped and handled with greater ease. 
       FIG. 45  is a downstream perspective view of another capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. Generally, the capsule  1600  has commonalties (e.g., features, properties, materials of construction, methods of manufacture) with the capsule  1500 . Thus, it should be understood that analogous aspects of the capsule  1600  may be the same as those disclosed in connection with the capsule  1500  unless otherwise indicated. Referring to  FIG. 45 , the capsule  1600  has a housing with a downstream portion in the form of a first end cap  1610  (e.g., downstream cap) defining a first opening  1612 , an upstream portion in the form of a second end cap  1620  (e.g., upstream cap, connector cap), and a body portion therebetween in the form of a cover  1630  (e.g., shell, box sleeve). With regard to alternatives to the shape shown, it should be understood that, in some instances, the capsule  1600  may instead have a shape wherein an end view or cross-section resembles a rectangle with a pair of opposing semicircular ends (e.g., elongated circle, obround, discorectangle, stadium, racetrack), an oval/ovoid, or an ellipse. 
     As illustrated, the first end cap  1610  may overlap with the cover  1630 . Specifically, the periphery of the first end cap  1610  may be greater than the periphery of the cover  1630  so that the proximal end of the cover  1630  can be received within the first end cap  1610 . In such an instance, the first end cap  1610  may interface with the outer surface of the cover  1630 , while the second end cap  1620  may interface with the inner surface of the cover  1630 . Conversely, in another instance, the first end cap  1610  may interface with the inner surface of the cover  1630 , while the second end cap  1620  may interface with the outer surface of the cover  1630 . In either instance, the first end cap  1610  and the second end cap  1620  may include sealing ridges configured to interface with the cover  1630  to provide the desired air seal. Furthermore, the overlapping configuration of  FIG. 45 , wherein the first end cap  1610  overlaps the cover  1630 , may help to ensure a proper orientation of the capsule  1600  when loading into the device body of an aerosol-generating device (e.g., by limiting the possible orientation options for loading the capsule  1600 ). 
       FIG. 46  is a downstream perspective view of another capsule for an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. Generally, the capsule  1700  has commonalties (e.g., features, properties, materials of construction, methods of manufacture) with the capsule  1500 . Thus, it should be understood that analogous aspects of the capsule  1700  may be the same as those disclosed in connection with the capsule  1500  unless otherwise indicated. Referring to  FIG. 46 , the capsule  1700  has a housing with a downstream portion in the form of a first end cap  1710  (e.g., downstream cap) defining a first opening  1712 , an upstream portion in the form of a second end cap  1720  (e.g., upstream cap, connector cap), and a body portion therebetween in the form of a cover  1730  (e.g., shell, box sleeve). With regard to alternatives to the shape shown, it should be understood that, in some instances, the capsule  1700  may instead have a shape wherein an end view or cross-section resembles a rectangle with a pair of opposing semicircular ends (e.g., elongated circle, obround, discorectangle, stadium, racetrack), an oval/ovoid, or an ellipse. 
     As illustrated, the cover  1730  may be a composite structure including an inner shell and an outer wrapper. The inner shell of the cover  1730  may be formed of a metal/alloy or a high-temperature plastic, while the outer wrapper of the cover  1730  may be formed of an insulating and/or fibrous material (e.g., pulp/cork wrapper, paper label). For instance, the material of the outer wrapper of the cover  1730  may be one that allows for printing (e.g., branding/aesthetics or other information). When the capsule  1700  is assembled, the side surfaces of the first end cap  1710  and the second end cap  1720  may be substantially flush with the adjacent/adjoining surfaces of the cover  1730 . Furthermore, the composite structure of the cover  1730  may improve the thermal properties (e.g., heat insulating effect for safer handling) and/or the aesthetic characteristics of the capsule  1700 . 
       FIG. 47  is a perspective view of an aerosol-forming substrate in consolidated form according to an example embodiment. Referring to  FIG. 47 , the aerosol-forming substrate  1860  may include a first aerosol-forming substrate  1860   a  and a second aerosol-forming substrate  1860   b  to facilitate substrate loading during an assembly of a capsule. Each of the first aerosol-forming substrate  1860   a  and the second aerosol-forming substrate  1860   b  may be in a consolidated form that is configured to maintain its shape so as to allow placement in a unified manner within the chamber of a capsule. For instance, the first aerosol-forming substrate  1860   a  and the second aerosol-forming substrate  1860   b  may be in the form of rectangular sheets/slabs dimensioned for insertion into the capsule  1200 . Specifically, during assembly/loading, the first aerosol-forming substrate  1860   a  and the second aerosol-forming substrate  1860   b  may be inserted into the cover  1230  so as to be on respective sides of the intermediate section  1244  of the heater  1240  (e.g., sandwiching the intermediate section  1244  in between). Based on the shape and dimensions of the first aerosol-forming substrate  1860   a  and the second aerosol-forming substrate  1860   b , the aerosol-forming substrate  1860  may occupy all or substantially all of the available space within the chamber defined by the interior surfaces of the first end cap  1210 , the second end cap  1220 , and the cover  1230 . 
       FIG. 48  is a perspective view of another aerosol-forming substrate in consolidated form according to an example embodiment. Referring to  FIG. 48 , the aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ′ may differ from the aerosol-forming substrate  1860  with regard to its shape and dimensions. Otherwise, the aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ′ may be the same as described in connection with the aerosol-forming substrate  1860 . As a result, analogous aspects that were already discussed may not have been repeated in the interest of brevity. The aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ′ may include a first aerosol-forming substrate  1860   a ′ and a second aerosol-forming substrate  1860   b ′, wherein each may be in a consolidated form. For instance, the first aerosol-forming substrate  1860   a ′ and the second aerosol-forming substrate  1860   b ′ may be in the form slabs/pallets with a semi-obround cross-section dimensioned for insertion into the capsule  1300 . Specifically, during assembly/loading, the first aerosol-forming substrate  1860   a ′ and the second aerosol-forming substrate  1860   b ′ may be inserted into the cover  1330  so as to be on respective sides of the intermediate section  1344  of the heater  1340  (e.g., sandwiching the intermediate section  1344  in between). Based on the shape and dimensions of the first aerosol-forming substrate  1860   a ′ and the second aerosol-forming substrate  1860   b ′, the aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ′ may occupy all or substantially all of the available space within the chamber defined by the interior surfaces of the first end cap  1310 , the second end cap  1320 , and the cover  1330  (due to its resulting shape and dimensions having an obround cross-section that corresponds to the cross-section of the chamber). 
       FIG. 49  is a perspective view of an aerosol-forming substrate in loose form according to an example embodiment. Referring to  FIG. 49 , the aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ″ may be in a loose form (e.g., particles, fibers, grounds, fragments, shreds) that does not have a set shape but rather is configured to take on the shape of an available space within a chamber when introduced into a capsule. Specifically, during assembly/loading, the loose form of the aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ″ may partially or fully occupy the available space within a chamber of a capsule so as to be on respective sides of the intermediate section of the heater (e.g., so as to surround and contact the intermediate section  1344  of the heater  1340 ). For instance, the loose form of the aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ″ may be used to fill in a remainder of a chamber (e.g., top off a chamber) that is already loaded with an aerosol-forming substrate in consolidated form. In another instance, the loose form of the aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ″ may be used to fill the entirety of a chamber of a capsule. Furthermore, the aerosol-forming substrate  1860 ″ may be loaded into capsule (e.g., capsule  1200 , capsule  1300 ) via a vacuum-assisted process. 
       FIG. 50  is a block diagram of an aerosol-generating device according to an example embodiment. In one instance, the aerosol-generating device may be the aerosol-generating device  100 . In another instance, the aerosol-generating device may be the aerosol-generating device  500 . Unless indicated otherwise, the details of the block diagram are applicable to both the aerosol-generating device  100  and the aerosol-generating device  500 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 50 , according to at least one example embodiment, a control subsystem  2100  may include a controller  2105 , a power supply  2110 , actuator controls  2115 , a capsule electrical/data interface  2120 , device sensors  2125 , input/output (I/O) interfaces  2130 , aerosol indicators  2135 , at least one antenna  2140 , and/or a storage medium  2145 , etc., but the example embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the control subsystem  2100  may include additional elements. However, for the sake of brevity, the additional elements are not described. In other example embodiments, the capsule electrical/data interface  2120  may be an electrical interface only, etc. 
     The controller  2105  may be hardware including logic circuits; a hardware/software combination such as a processor executing software; or a combination thereof. For example, the controller  2105  may include, but is not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a System-on-Chip (SoC), a programmable logic unit, a microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. 
     In the event where the controller  2105  is, or includes, a processor executing software, the controller  2105  is configured as a special purpose machine (e.g., a processing device) to execute the software, stored in memory accessible by the controller  2105  (e.g., the storage medium  2145  or another storage device), to perform the functions of the controller  2105 . The software may be embodied as program code including instructions for performing and/or controlling any or all operations described herein as being performed by the controller  2105 . 
     As disclosed herein, the term “storage medium”, “computer readable storage medium” or “non-transitory computer readable storage medium” may represent one or more devices for storing data, including read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic RAM, core memory, magnetic disk storage mediums, optical storage mediums, flash memory devices and/or other tangible machine readable mediums for storing information. The term “computer-readable medium” may include, but is not limited to, portable or fixed storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other mediums capable of storing, containing or carrying instruction(s) and/or data. 
     The controller  2105  communicates with the power supply  2110 , the actuator control  2115 , the electrical/data interface  2120 , the device sensors  2125 , the input/output (I/O) interfaces  2130 , the aerosol indicators  2135 , on-product controls  2150 , and/or the at least one antenna  2140 , etc. According to at least some example embodiments, the on-product controls  2150  can include any device or devices capable of being manipulated manually by an adult operator to indicate a selection of a value. Example implementations include, but are not limited to, one or more buttons, a dial, a capacitive sensor, and a slider, etc. 
     The controller  2105  (or storage medium  2145 ) stores key material and proprietary algorithm software for the encryption. For example, encryption algorithms rely on the use of random numbers. The security of these algorithms depends on how truly random these numbers are. These numbers are usually pre-generated and coded into the processor or memory devices. Example embodiments may increase the randomness of the numbers used for the encryption by using the aerosol drawing parameters e.g., durations of instances of aerosol drawing, intervals between instances of aerosol drawing, or combinations of them, to generate numbers that are more random and more varying from individual to individual than pre-generated random numbers. All communications between the controller  2105  and the capsule  200  may be encrypted. 
     The controller  2105  is configured to operate a real time operating system (RTOS), control the control subsystem  2100  and may be updated through reading and/or sensing update information from a tag, chip, and/or label (e.g., a security tag, a security chip, etc.) included on the capsule  200 , through communicating with the NVM or CC-NVM, and/or when the control subsystem  2100  is connected with other devices (e.g., a smart phone) through the I/O interfaces  2130  and/or the antenna  2140 . For example, the update information may include parameter information related to the corresponding capsule, such as heater parameter information and/or heater profile information tailored and/or directed towards the aerosol-forming substrate contained within the installed capsule  200 , capsule authentication update information with information relevant to the capsule authentication method (e.g., security settings related to the capsules, updates to the security keys used during authentication, etc.), programming updates, etc. Additionally, the I/O interfaces  2130  and the antenna  2140  allow the control subsystem  2100  to connect to various external devices such as smart phones, tablets, and PCs, etc. For example, the I/O interfaces  2130  may include a USB-C connector, a micro-USB connector, etc. The USB-C connector (e.g., connector port  114 ) may be used by the control subsystem  2100  to charge the power source  2110   b  (e.g., which may correspond to the power source  150 ), and may also be used to transmit and/or receive data from at least one external device, such as aerosol profiles, heater profiles, device performance log data (e.g., controller performance data, memory performance data, battery performance data, heater performance data, etc.), firmware upgrades, software upgrades, etc., but the example embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     The controller  2105  may include on-board RAM and flash memory to store and execute code including analytics, diagnostics and software upgrades. As an alternative, the storage medium  2145  may store the code. Additionally, in another example embodiment, the storage medium  2145  may be on-board the controller  2105 . 
     The controller  2105  may further include on-board clock, reset and power management modules to reduce an area covered by a PCB in the device body housing. 
     The device sensors  2125  may include a number of sensor transducers that provide measurement information to the controller  2105 . The device sensors  2125  may include a power supply temperature sensor, an external capsule temperature sensor, a current sensor for the heater, power supply current sensor, airflow sensor and an accelerometer to monitor movement and orientation. The power supply temperature sensor and external capsule temperature sensor may be a thermistor or thermocouple and the current sensor for the heater and power supply current sensor may be a resistive based sensor or another type of sensor configured to measure current. The air flow sensor (e.g., flow sensor  185 ) may be a pressure sensor (e.g., a capacitive pressure sensor, etc.) configured to detect positive or negative air pressure (e.g., a draw or a puff), a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flow sensor, and/or another type of sensor configured to measure air flow such as a hot-wire anemometer. Further, instead of, or in addition to, measuring air flow using a flow sensor included in the device sensors  2125  of the control subsystem  2100  of the device body housing, air flow may be measured using a hot wire anemometer  2220 A located in the capsule  200 . According to at least one example embodiment, the device sensors  2125  further includes a capsule detection sensor for detecting the presence of the capsule in the aerosol-generating device  100 , and/or a door detection sensor for detecting the closure of a door and/or lid of the aerosol-generating device, but the example embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     The data generated from one or more of the device sensors  2125  may be detected based on a binary signal (e.g., on/off signal) using a general purpose input/output (GPIO) circuit, etc., and/or may be sampled at a sample rate appropriate to the parameter being measured using, for example, a discrete, multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC), etc. 
     Additionally, according to at least one example embodiment, the device sensors may further include a tag sensor, such as a barcode sensor, a secure element (SE) reader, an optical reader, a physical parameter reader, etc. The tag sensor and/or the tag antenna (e.g., RFID antenna, NFC antenna, etc.) may be used individually or in combination to detect information stored on a tag (e.g., a RFID tag, a NFC tag, a barcode tag, a SE, etc.) installed and/or attached to an exterior portion of the capsule  200 , and/or may be used to detect and/or sense a physical parameter of the capsule  200 , such as a resistance value of a heater included within the capsule  200 , etc. The tag sensor and/or tag antenna may be arranged in physical proximity to a properly inserted capsule  200  such that information stored on the tag, such as electronic identity information, authentication information, hardware parameter information, aerosol-forming substrate information (such as aerosol-forming substrate expiration information, date of manufacture information, etc.), profile information, etc. 
     The controller  2105  may adapt heater profiles for an aerosol-forming substrate and other profiles based on the measurement information received from the controller  2105 . For the sake of convenience, these are generally referred to as aerosol profiles. The heater profile identifies the power profile to be supplied to the heater during the few seconds when aerosol drawing takes place and/or the power profile to be supplied to the heater in between aerosol drawing instances in order to apply continual heating to the capsule (e.g., to provide an “oven mode” where a desired temperature is maintained within the capsule for a desired period of time). For example, a heater profile can deliver maximum power to the heater when an instance of aerosol drawing is initiated, but then after a second or so immediately reduce the power to half way or a quarter way. According to at least some example embodiments, the modulation of electrical power provided to the heater is may be implemented using pulse width modulation, but is not limited thereto. 
     In addition, a heater profile can also be modified based on a detected draw and/or application of negative pressure on the aerosol-generating device  100 . The use of the flow sensor allows aerosol drawing strength to be measured and used as feedback to the controller  2105  to adjust the power delivered to the heater of the capsule  200 , which may be referred to as heating or energy delivery. 
     According to at least some example embodiments, when the controller  2105  recognizes the capsule  200  which is currently installed (e.g., via SKU, via a unique identifier included in a tag (e.g., RFID tag, NFC tag, etc.), etc.), the controller  2105  matches an associated heating profile that is designed for that particular capsule. The controller  2105  and the storage medium  2145  will store data and algorithms that allow the generation of heating profiles for all SKUs, capsule types, aerosol-forming substrate types, etc. In another example embodiment, the controller  2105  may read the heating profile from the capsule. Additionally, the adult operators may also adjust heating profiles to suit their preferences using the on-product controls  2150 , using an external device wirelessly paired with the aerosol-generating device  100  and/or connected to the aerosol-generating device  100  via the I/O interfaces  2130 , etc. In other example embodiments, the controller  2105  may use the heating profile applied for a previously installed capsule, which has been stored in memory, to a currently installed capsule on the assumption that the current capsule is of a same type as the previously installed capsule, etc. 
     The controller  2105  may send data to and receives data from the power supply  2110 . The power supply  2110  includes a power source  2110   b  (e.g., which may correspond to the power source  150 ) and a power controller  2110   a  to manage the power output by the power source  2110   b.    
     The power source  2110   b  may be a Lithium-ion battery or one of its variants, for example a lithium-ion polymer battery. Alternatively, the power source  2110   b  may be a Nickel-metal hydride battery, a Nickel cadmium battery, a Lithium-manganese battery, a Lithium-cobalt battery or a fuel cell. Alternatively, the power source  2110   b  may be rechargeable and include circuitry allowing the battery to be chargeable by an external charging device. In that case, the circuitry, when charged, provides power for a desired (or alternatively a pre-determined) number of instances of aerosol drawing, after which the circuitry must be re-connected to an external charging device. 
     The power controller  2110   a  provides commands to the power source  2110   b  based on instructions from the controller  2105 . For example, the power supply  2110  may receive a command from the controller  2105  to provide power to the capsule (through the capsule electrical/data interface  2120 ) when the capsule is detected and the adult operator activates the control subsystem  2100  (e.g., by activating a switch such as a toggle button, capacitive sensor, IR sensor). Additionally, according to some example embodiments, the controller  2105  may transmit the command to the power supply  2110  based on the proper authentication of the capsule, but the example embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     In addition to supplying power to the capsule, the power supply  2110  also supplies power to the controller  2105 . Moreover, the power controller  2110   a  may provide feedback to the controller  2105  indicating performance of the power source  2110   b.    
     The controller  2105  sends data to and receives data from the at least one antenna  2140 . The at least one antenna  2140  may include a NFC modem and a Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) modem and/or other modems for other wireless technologies (e.g., WiFi, etc.). In an example embodiment, the communications stacks are in the modems, but the modems are controlled by the controller  2105 . The Bluetooth LE modem is used for data and control communications with an application on an external device (e.g., smart phone, etc.). The NFC/Bluetooth LE/WiFi modem may be used for pairing of the aerosol-generating device  100  to the application and transmission of diagnostic information, data, profile information, capsule information, hardware parameter information, firmware updates, etc. Moreover, the Bluetooth LE/WiFi modem may be used to provide location information (for an adult operator to find the aerosol-generating device) or authentication during a purchase, etc. 
     As described above, the control subsystem  2100  may generate and adjust various profiles for aerosol generation. The controller  2105  uses the power supply  2110  and the actuator controls  2115  to regulate the profile for the adult operator. 
     The actuator controls  2115  include passive and active actuators to regulate a desired aerosol profile. For example, the device body housing may include actuators within an air inlet path and/or air inlet channel of the device body housing, such as within the air flow subsystem of the aerosol-generating device  100  (e.g., air channel assembly  181 , the air hose  180 , the air inlet connection  184 , etc.). The actuator controls  2115  may control the flow of air within the air inlet channel using the actuators based on commands from the controller  2105  associated with the desired aerosol profile. 
     Moreover, the actuator controls  2115  are used to energize the heater in conjunction with the power supply  2110 . More specifically, the actuator controls  2115  are configured to generate a drive waveform associated with the desired aerosol profile. As described above, each possible profile is associated with a drive waveform. Upon receiving a command from the controller  2105  indicating the desired aerosol profile, the actuator controls  2115  may produce the associated modulating waveform for the power supply  2110 . 
     The controller  2105  supplies information to the aerosol indicators  2135  to indicate statuses and occurring operations to the adult operator. The indicators  2135  include a power indicator displayed on the display panel (e.g., communication screen  140 ), a separate indicator light (e.g., a LED indicator light, etc.) that may be activated when the controller  2105  senses a button pressed by the adult operator. The indicators  2135  may also include a haptic feedback motor, speaker, an indicator for a current state of an adult operator-controlled aerosol parameter (e.g., generated aerosol volume), and other feedback mechanisms. 
     A number of non-limiting examples of different capsules are disclosed herein. It should be understood that the relevant teachings/variants with regard to one capsule may be applicable to the other capsules unless indicated otherwise. In addition, although the aerosol-generating device  100  and the aerosol-generating device  500  are disclosed as being configured to receive and heat the capsule  200 , it should be understood that the aerosol-generating device  100  and the aerosol-generating device  500  may also be adapted to receive and heat the capsule  1200 , the capsule  1300 , the capsule  1400 , the capsule  1500 , the capsule  1600 , and the capsule  1700  as well as variants thereof. 
     While some example embodiments have been disclosed herein, it should be understood that other variations may be possible. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims. 
     Although described with reference to specific examples and drawings, modifications, additions and substitutions of example embodiments may be variously made according to the description by those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, the described techniques may be performed in an order different with that of the methods described, and/or elements such as the described system, architecture, devices, circuit, and the like, may be connected or combined to be different from the above-described methods, or results may be appropriately achieved by other elements or equivalents.