Patent Publication Number: US-9423935-B2

Title: Terminal apparatus and GUI screen generation method

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation application of PCT International Application No. PCT/JP2011/003905 filed on Jul. 7, 2011, designating the United States of America, which is based on and claims priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-154586 filed on Jul. 7, 2010. The entire disclosures of the above-identified applications, including the specifications, drawings and claims are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     One or more exemplary embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to a terminal apparatus that operates according to manipulation by a user on a Graphical User Interface (GUI) screen. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A terminal apparatus that can be manipulated with a pointer (also called a cursor) on a GUI screen is conventionally available. The GUI screen is a manipulation screen made up of images. 
     For example, a cursor control apparatus for a television receiver (also called a television apparatus) such as a liquid crystal television is described in Patent Literature (PTL) 1. The cursor control apparatus obtains, based on an infrared signal from a remote control, two-dimensional position information (position) corresponding to a position of the remote control, as remote control coordinates. The cursor control apparatus displays a cursor on a display unit, based on the remote control coordinates. The cursor control apparatus also stores the obtained remote control coordinates in a storage means. 
     Here, the cursor control apparatus determines whether the cursor is moving or stationary. In the case where the cursor is moving, the cursor control apparatus uses the current remote control coordinates as cursor coordinates. In the case where the cursor is stationary, on the other hand, the cursor control apparatus uses the remote control coordinates stored in the storage means as cursor coordinates. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     [PTL 1] 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 6-038127 
     SUMMARY 
     Technical Problem 
     The cursor control apparatus described above uses the already obtained remote control coordinates, in the case of determining that the cursor is stationary. The cursor control apparatus can thus prevent blur caused by hand movement in the case where the cursor is stationary. 
     However, blur caused by hand movement also occurs in the case where the cursor is moving. Such blur may make it difficult to move the cursor to appropriately select an object displayed on the television receiver. Besides, in order to prevent blur caused by hand movement while the cursor is moving, it is necessary to determine the amount of movement by cursor manipulation and the amount of movement by blur, which requires complex processing. 
     One non-limiting and exemplary embodiment provides a terminal apparatus that enables a user to appropriately select an object on a GUI screen even in the case where blur occurs. 
     Solution to Problem 
     In one general aspect, the techniques disclosed here feature a terminal apparatus that operates according to manipulation by a user on a Graphical User Interface (GUI) screen, the terminal apparatus including: a GUI screen generation unit that generates the GUI screen, the GUI screen including an object selectable in the manipulation and a pointer for selecting the object; and a blur information calculation unit that calculates blur information indicating a blur amount of a position at which the pointer is displayed on the GUI screen, wherein the GUI screen generation unit changes the GUI screen depending on the blur information. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus can generate the appropriate GUI screen according to the blur information. The user can then manipulate the terminal apparatus on the GUI screen according to blur, even in the case where blur caused by hand movement of the user or a display error caused by signal processing occurs. This contributes to improved manipulability of the terminal apparatus. 
     Moreover, the terminal apparatus may further include: an imaging unit that obtains an image of the user by imaging the user; and a position calculation unit that calculates the position from the image obtained by the imaging unit, wherein the blur information calculation unit calculates the blur information indicating the blur amount of the position calculated by the position calculation unit, from the image obtained by the imaging unit. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus calculates the position of the pointer based on the image of the user. The terminal apparatus then generates the GUI screen according to blur of the image of the user. There is a high possibility that the image of the user is blurred due to a property of the imaging unit or an operation by the user. Even in such a case where the image of the user is blurred, the terminal apparatus enables the user to appropriately select the object on the GUI screen according to the blur of the image. 
     Moreover, the GUI screen generation unit may: change a size of the object included in the GUI screen depending on the blur information; and generate the GUI screen that includes the object having the changed size and the pointer. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus can generate the GUI screen on which the object of the size according to blur is displayed. Therefore, even in the case where blur occurs, the user can manipulate the terminal apparatus on the GUI screen on which the object of the size according to the blur is displayed. 
     Moreover, the GUI screen generation unit may: generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose size is a first size and the pointer, in the case where the blur amount indicated by the blur information is a first value; and generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose size is a second size and the pointer, in the case where the blur amount indicated by the blur information is a second value larger than the first value, the second size being larger than the first size. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus can increase the size of the object displayed on the GUI screen in the case where the blur amount is large. Therefore, even in the case where the blur amount is large, the user can appropriately select the object displayed on the GUI screen. 
     Moreover, the blur information calculation unit may calculate the blur information indicating at least one of a vertical blur amount and a horizontal blur amount. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus can calculate blur in a predetermined direction, and change the GUI screen according to the blur in the predetermined direction. 
     Moreover, the blur information calculation unit may calculate the blur information indicating the vertical blur amount, wherein the GUI screen generation unit: generates the GUI screen that includes the object whose vertical size is the first size and the pointer, in the case where the vertical blur amount is the first value; and generates the GUI screen that includes the object whose vertical size is the second size and the pointer, in the case where the vertical blur amount is the second value. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus can vertically increase the size of the object displayed on the GUI screen, in the case where the vertical blur amount is large. Therefore, even in the case where vertical blur occurs, the user can appropriately select the object displayed on the GUI screen. 
     Moreover, the blur information calculation unit may calculate the blur information indicating the horizontal blur amount, wherein the GUI screen generation unit: generates the GUI screen that includes the object whose horizontal size is the first size and the pointer, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is the first value; and generates the GUI screen that includes the object whose horizontal size is the second size and the pointer, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is the second value. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus can horizontally increase the size of the object displayed on the GUI screen, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is large. Therefore, even in the case where horizontal blur occurs, the user can appropriately select the object displayed on the GUI screen. 
     Moreover, the GUI screen generation unit may: determine the number of display target objects depending on the blur information calculated by the blur information calculation unit, the display target objects being one or more objects that include the object and are displayed on the GUI screen; and generate the GUI screen on which the determined number of the display target objects are displayed. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus can generate the GUI screen including the number of objects according to blur. Therefore, even in the case where blur occurs, the user can manipulate the terminal apparatus on the GUI screen including the number of objects according to the blur. 
     Moreover, the GUI screen generation unit may: determine a first number as the number of the display target objects and generate the GUI screen on which the first number of the display target objects are displayed, in the case where the blur amount indicated by the blur information is a first value; and determine a second number as the number of the display target objects and generate the GUI screen on which the second number of the display target objects are displayed, in the case where the blur amount indicated by the blur information is a second value larger than the first value, the second number being smaller than the first number. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus can reduce the number of objects displayed on the GUI screen in the case where the blur amount is large, as compared with the case where the blur amount is small. Therefore, even in the case where the blur amount is large, the user can appropriately select the object. 
     Moreover, the blur information calculation unit may calculate the blur information indicating a vertical blur amount, wherein the GUI screen generation unit: determines the first number as the number of the display target objects displayed in the vertical direction and generates the GUI screen on which the first number of the display target objects are displayed in the vertical direction, in the case where the vertical blur amount is the first value; and determines the second number as the number of the display target objects displayed in the vertical direction and generates the GUI screen on which the second number of the display target objects are displayed in the vertical direction, in the case where the vertical blur amount is the second value. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus can reduce the number of objects displayed in the vertical direction, in the case where the vertical blur amount is large. Therefore, even in the case where vertical blur occurs, the user can appropriately select the object displayed on the GUI screen. 
     Moreover, the blur information calculation unit may calculate the blur information indicating a horizontal blur amount, wherein the GUI screen generation unit: determines the first number as the number of the display target objects displayed in the horizontal direction and generates the GUI screen on which the first number of the display target objects are displayed in the horizontal direction, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is the first value; and determines the second number as the number of the display target objects displayed in the horizontal direction and generates the GUI screen on which the second number of the display target objects are displayed in the horizontal direction, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is the second value. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus can reduce the number of objects displayed in the horizontal direction, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is large. Therefore, even in the case where horizontal blur occurs, the user can appropriately select the object displayed on the GUI screen. 
     In another general aspect, the techniques disclosed here may feature a GUI screen generation method of generating a Graphical User Interface (GUI) screen for manipulation by a user, the GUI screen generation method including: generating the GUI screen, the GUI screen including an object selectable in the manipulation and a pointer for selecting the object; and calculating blur information indicating a blur amount of a position at which the pointer is displayed on the GUI screen, wherein the generating includes changing the GUI screen depending on the blur information. 
     With this, the operation of the terminal apparatus is implemented as a GUI screen generation method. 
     In another general aspect, the techniques disclosed here may feature a computer program for causing a computer to execute the GUI screen generation method. 
     With this, the GUI screen generation method is implemented as a program. 
     In another general aspect, the techniques disclosed here may feature a terminal apparatus that operates according to manipulation by a user on a Graphical User Interface (GUI) screen, the terminal apparatus including: a generator that generates the GUI screen, the GUI screen including an object selectable in the manipulation and a pointer for selecting the object; and a blur calculator that calculates a vertical blur amount and a horizontal blur amount of a position at which the pointer is displayed on the GUI screen, wherein the generator changes the GUI screen in a vertical direction depending on the vertical blur amount, and changes the GUI screen in a horizontal direction depending on the horizontal blur amount. 
     Moreover, the terminal apparatus may further include: an image sensor that obtains an image of the user by imaging the user; and a position calculator that calculates the position from the image obtained by the image sensor, wherein the blur calculator calculates the vertical blur amount and the horizontal blur amount of the position calculated by the position calculator, from the image obtained by the image sensor. 
     Moreover, the generator may: change a vertical size of the object included in the GUI screen depending on the vertical blur amount, and change a horizontal size of the object depending on the horizontal blur amount; and generate the GUI screen that includes the object having the changed vertical size and the changed horizontal size and the pointer. 
     Moreover, the generator may: generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose vertical size is a first size and the pointer, in the case where the vertical blur amount is a first value; and generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose vertical size is a second size and the pointer, in the case where the vertical blur amount is a second value larger than the first value, the second size being larger than the first size. 
     Moreover, the generator may: generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose horizontal size is a third size and the pointer, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is a third value; and generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose horizontal size is a fourth size and the pointer, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is a fourth value larger than the third value, the fourth size being larger than the third size. 
     Moreover, the generator may: determine the number of vertical display target objects depending on the vertical blur amount calculated by the blur calculator, the vertical display target objects being one or more objects that include the object and are displayed in the vertical direction; determine the number of horizontal display target objects depending on the horizontal blur amount calculated by the blur calculator, the horizontal display target objects being one or more objects that include the object and are displayed in the horizontal direction; and generate the GUI screen on which the determined number of the vertical display target objects are displayed in the vertical direction and the determined number of the horizontal display target objects are displayed in the horizontal direction. 
     Moreover, the generator may: determine a first number as the number of the vertical display target objects displayed in the vertical direction and generate the GUI screen on which the first number of the vertical display target objects are displayed in the vertical direction, in the case where the vertical blur amount is a first value; and determine a second number as the number of the vertical display target objects displayed in the vertical direction and generate the GUI screen on which the second number of the vertical display target objects are displayed in the vertical direction, in the case where the vertical blur amount is a second value larger than the first value, the second number being smaller than the first number. 
     Moreover, the generator may: determine a third number as the number of the horizontal display target objects displayed in the horizontal direction and generate the GUI screen on which the third number of the horizontal display target objects are displayed in the horizontal direction, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is a third value; and determine a fourth number as the number of the horizontal display target objects displayed in the horizontal direction and generate the GUI screen on which the fourth number of the horizontal display target objects are displayed in the horizontal direction, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is a fourth value larger than the third value, the fourth number being smaller than the third number. 
     Moreover, the generator may generate the GUI screen on which the determined number of the vertical display target objects are displayed in the vertical direction and the determined number of the horizontal display target objects are displayed in the horizontal direction, while maintaining a size of each of the vertical display target objects and the horizontal display target objects. 
     Moreover, the generator may: generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose vertical size is a first size and the pointer, in the case where the vertical blur amount is a first value; and generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose vertical size is a second size and the pointer, in the case where the vertical blur amount is a second value larger than the first value, the second size being smaller than the first size. 
     Moreover, the generator may: generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose horizontal size is a third size and the pointer, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is a third value; and generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose horizontal size is a fourth size and the pointer, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is a fourth value larger than the third value, the fourth size being smaller than the third size. 
     Moreover, the generator may: generate the GUI screen on which a plurality of objects including the object are displayed, only in the case where a calculated blur amount is a first value from among the first value and a second value larger than the first value, the calculated blur amount being the calculated vertical blur amount or the calculated horizontal blur amount; and generate the GUI screen on which a substitute object is displayed, in the case where the calculated blur amount is the second value, the substitute object being an object selectable in the manipulation and substituted for the plurality of objects. 
     Moreover, the generator may: generate the GUI screen on which the plurality of objects are displayed, only in the case where the calculated blur amount is the first value from among the first value and the second value, the plurality of objects being objects for selecting numbers in the manipulation; and generate the GUI screen on which the substitute object is displayed, in the case where the calculated blur amount is the second value, the substitute object being an object for increasing or decreasing a number in the manipulation. 
     Moreover, the generator may: generate the GUI screen on which the plurality of objects are displayed, only in the case where the calculated blur amount is the first value from among the first value and the second value, the plurality of objects being objects for selecting channel numbers in the manipulation; and generate the GUI screen on which the substitute object is displayed, in the case where the calculated blur amount is the second value, the substitute object being an object for increasing or decreasing a channel number in the manipulation. 
     In another general aspect, the techniques disclosed here may feature a terminal apparatus that operates according to manipulation by a user on a Graphical User Interface (GUI) screen, the terminal apparatus including: a generator that generates the GUI screen, the GUI screen including a plurality of objects each of which is selectable in the manipulation and a pointer for selecting one of the plurality of objects; and a blur calculator that calculates a blur amount of a position at which the pointer is displayed on the GUI screen, wherein the generator: generates the GUI screen on which the plurality of objects are displayed, only in the case where the calculated blur amount is a first value from among the first value and a second value larger than the first value; and generates the GUI screen on which a substitute object is displayed, in the case where the calculated blur amount is the second value, the substitute object being an object selectable in the manipulation and substituted for the plurality of objects. 
     Moreover, the generator may: generate the GUI screen on which the plurality of objects are displayed, only in the case where the calculated blur amount is the first value from among the first value and the second value, the plurality of objects being objects for selecting numbers in the manipulation; and generate the GUI screen on which the substitute object is displayed, in the case where the calculated blur amount is the second value, the substitute object being an object for increasing or decreasing a number in the manipulation. 
     Moreover, the generator may: generate the GUI screen on which the plurality of objects are displayed, only in the case where the calculated blur amount is the first value from among the first value and the second value, the plurality of objects being objects for selecting channel numbers in the manipulation; and generate the GUI screen on which the substitute object is displayed, in the case where the calculated blur amount is the second value, the substitute object being an object for increasing or decreasing a channel number in the manipulation. 
     In another general aspect, the techniques disclosed here may feature a GUI screen generation method of generating a Graphical User Interface (GUI) screen for manipulation by a user, the GUI screen generation method including: generating the GUI screen, the GUI screen including an object selectable in the manipulation and a pointer for selecting the object; and calculating a vertical blur amount and a horizontal blur amount of a position at which the pointer is displayed on the GUI screen, wherein the generating includes changing the GUI screen in a vertical direction depending on the vertical blur amount, and changing the GUI screen in a horizontal direction depending on the horizontal blur amount. 
     In another general aspect, the techniques disclosed here may feature a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium for use in a computer, the recording medium having a computer program recorded thereon for causing the computer to execute the GUI screen generation method. 
     These general and specific aspects may be implemented using a system, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, or a computer-readable recording medium such as a CD-ROM, or any combination of systems, methods, integrated circuits, computer programs, or computer-readable recording media. 
     Additional benefits and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will be apparent from the Specification and Drawings. The benefits and/or advantages may be individually obtained by the various embodiments and features of the Specification and Drawings, which need not all be provided in order to obtain one or more of such benefits and/or advantages. 
     Advantageous Effects 
     One or more exemplary embodiments or features disclosed herein provide a terminal apparatus that enables a user to appropriately select an object on a GUI screen even in the case where blur occurs. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       These and other advantages and features will become apparent from the following description thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings, by way of non-limiting examples of embodiments disclosed herein. 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram showing an overall structure of a television apparatus according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 2  is a functional block diagram showing a signal processing unit according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 3  is a flowchart showing an example of a process of generating a GUI screen and displaying the GUI screen on a display by the signal processing unit according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram showing a message displayed on a GUI screen according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram showing a table of GUI screen information referenced to by a GUI screen generation unit according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram showing a GUI screen A according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram showing a GUI screen B according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram showing a GUI screen C according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram showing a GUI screen D according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram showing a GUI screen E according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 11  is a diagram showing a GUI screen F according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 12  is a diagram showing a GUI screen G according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 13  is a diagram showing a GUI screen H according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 14  is a diagram showing a GUI screen I according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 15  is a diagram showing an example of use of a television apparatus according to Embodiment 2. 
         FIG. 16  is a diagram showing an example of a GUI screen according to Embodiment 2. 
         FIG. 17  is a block diagram showing a terminal apparatus according to Embodiment 3. 
         FIG. 18  is a flowchart showing an operation of the terminal apparatus according to Embodiment 3. 
         FIG. 19  is a block diagram showing a terminal apparatus according to Embodiment 4. 
         FIG. 20  is a flowchart showing an operation of the terminal apparatus according to Embodiment 4. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiment 1 
     1. Television Apparatus and its Peripherals 
     The following describes a television apparatus which is an example of a terminal apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment, with reference to drawings. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram showing an overall structure of the television apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 1 , a television apparatus  1  is connected to an HDD (Hard Disc Drive)  4 , an SD card  5 , an antenna  6 , and a camera  8 . The television apparatus  1  obtains, as input, a video signal outputted from any of a BD (Blu-ray Disc (registered trademark))  3 , the HDD  4 , the SD card  5 , the antenna  6 , and the camera  8 . The television apparatus  1  processes the obtained video signal, and displays the processed video signal on a display  108  as video. 
     The television apparatus  1  also receives a manipulation signal sent from a remote control device  7  according to manipulation by a user. 
     The HDD  4  is a recording apparatus for storing a video signal. For example, the HDD  4  is realized by an external hard disc device or the like. 
     The SD card  5  is a recording medium for storing a video signal. The SD card  5  is an example of a memory card composed of a semiconductor memory device and the like. 
     The antenna  6  has a function of receiving a video signal sent from outside. 
     The remote control device  7  is a manipulation device that accepts manipulation by the user. The remote control device  7  has a plurality of buttons that can be pressed. Based on button manipulation, the remote control device  7  generates a manipulation signal indicating the manipulation by the user. The remote control device  7  sends the generated manipulation signal to the television apparatus  1  wirelessly. This allows the television apparatus  1  to detect the manipulation by the user. 
     The camera  8  is a camera that images the user. For example, the camera  8  is composed of an imaging device such as a CMOS sensor. 
     Note that the HDD  4 , the antenna  6 , the remote control device  7 , the camera  8 , and the like may be included in the television apparatus  1 . 
     2. Specific Structure of Television Apparatus 
     The following describes a specific structure of the television apparatus  1 , with reference to drawings. 
     In detail, the television apparatus  1  includes a drive device  101 , an input-output IF unit (input-output interface unit)  102 , a tuner  103 , a signal processing unit  104 , a reception unit  105 , a buffer memory  106 , a flash memory  107 , and the display  108 , as shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     The drive device  101  has a disc tray. The drive device  101  reads a video signal from the BD  3  placed on the disc tray. Moreover, in the case of receiving a video signal from the signal processing unit  104 , the drive device  101  writes the received video signal to the BD  3  placed on the disc tray. 
     The input-output IF unit  102  is an interface connectable to any of external apparatuses such as the HDD  4 , the SD card  5 , and the camera  8 . The input-output IF unit  102  enables transmission and reception of a control signal, a video signal, and the like between the signal processing unit  104  and the external apparatus. The input-output IF unit  102  sends an input stream received from the HDD  4 , the SD card  5 , or the camera  8 , to the signal processing unit  104 . The input-output IF unit  102  also sends a bitstream or an uncompressed video stream received from the signal processing unit  104 , to the HDD  4  or the SD card  5 . 
     For example, the input-output IF unit  102  is realized by an HDMI connector, an SD card slot, a USB connector, and the like. Though the input-output IF unit  102  is shown as one block in  FIG. 1 , the card slot for the SD card  5 , the connector for the HDD  4 , and the USB connector for the camera  8  may be provided separately. That is, the input-output IF unit  102  may have any structure that realizes an interface with an external apparatus. 
     The tuner  103  obtains a broadcast wave received by the antenna  6 . The tuner  103  sends a video signal of a specific frequency designated by the signal processing unit  104 , to the signal processing unit  104 . This allows the signal processing unit  104  to process the video signal of the specific frequency included in the broadcast wave and display the processed video signal on the display  108 . 
     The signal processing unit  104  controls the whole television apparatus  1 . In particular, the signal processing unit  104  controls the camera  8 . The signal processing unit  104  performs image processing on a video signal obtained by the camera  8 . The control of the camera  8  by the signal processing unit  104  includes power control, obtained image size change, frame rate change, white balance adjustment, and so on. Note that the control of the camera  8  by the signal processing unit  104  is not limited to such, and may be any control of the camera  8 . 
     The signal processing unit  104  calculates position information (position) of the user&#39;s hand, based on the video signal obtained by the camera  8 . For example, the position information of the hand is given by x-y plane coordinates, with the origin being an arbitrary point of two-dimensional video represented by the obtained video signal. The signal processing unit  104  may perform an image matching process on the obtained whole video signal, using a template prepared beforehand to indicate a hand shape. In this way, the signal processing unit  104  can detect the position information of the user&#39;s hand from the video signal. 
     The signal processing unit  104  also calculates a blur amount of a pointer, i.e. blur information indicating such a blur amount, based on the position information of the hand. The blur amount of the pointer means a blur amount of the user&#39;s hand when the user manipulates the pointer, or a display error of the pointer. The display error of the pointer is an error caused by signal processing, e.g. an error in sensor precision, quantization width, sampling precision, or the like. 
     That is, the blur amount of the pointer is not limited to a blur amount of the pointer on a GUI screen, and may also be a blur amount of position information for displaying the pointer. The position information may be a two-dimensional coordinate value of the pointer, or a spatial coordinate value of the user&#39;s hand. The signal processing unit  104  calculates an amount of change per unit time of the position indicated by the position information, as the blur amount. 
     Moreover, the signal processing unit  104  may calculate the blur amount from the position information, and may calculate the blur amount of the position information from the whole video signal obtained by the camera  8 . Alternatively, the signal processing unit  104  may calculate the blur amount based on performance of the camera  8 . 
     The signal processing unit  104  further generates a GUI screen which is a manipulation screen of the television apparatus  1 . The GUI screen includes the pointer that operates according to the obtained position information of the hand, and one or more objects (also called display elements or display target objects) selectable with the pointer. The signal processing unit  104  outputs the generated GUI screen to the display  108 . 
     The signal processing unit  104  may be composed of a microcomputer, or composed of a hard-wired circuit. 
     The reception unit  105  receives the manipulation signal from the remote control device  7 , and sends the received manipulation signal to the signal processing unit  104 . For example, the reception unit  105  is realized by an infrared sensor. 
     The buffer memory  106  is used as a working memory in the signal processing by the input-output IF unit  102 . For example, the buffer memory  106  is realized by a DRAM. 
     The flash memory  107  stores a program executed by the signal processing unit  104  and the like. The flash memory  107  also stores GUI screen information for defining the GUI screen displayed on the display  108 . The GUI screen is generated based on the GUI screen information stored in the flash memory  107 . 
     The display  108  displays the video signal and the GUI screen processed by the signal processing unit  104 , as images. For example, the display  108  is realized by a liquid crystal display or a plasma display. 
     (2-1. Signal Processing Unit) 
     The following describes a specific structure of the signal processing unit  104 , with reference to drawings. 
       FIG. 2  is a functional block diagram showing the signal processing unit  104 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the signal processing unit  104  includes a position information calculation unit (position calculation unit)  201 , a blur amount calculation unit  202 , a GUI screen generation unit  203 , and a gesture mode activation unit  204 . 
     The position information calculation unit  201  receives the video signal obtained by the camera  8 , via the input-output IF unit  102 . The position information calculation unit  201  performs image processing such as pattern matching, on the received video signal. The pattern matching is image processing for extracting an image of the user&#39;s hand from the video signal. The position information calculation unit  201  calculates the position information of the user&#39;s hand, as a result of the image processing. 
     In detail, the position information of the hand is calculated as a two-dimensional coordinate value in a video region represented by the video signal. For instance, the position information of the hand is calculated as a two-dimensional coordinate value (x, y), with the origin being at the top left of the video region. The position information calculation unit  201  outputs the calculated two-dimensional coordinate value to the blur amount calculation unit  202 . 
     Note that the information obtained by the position information calculation unit  201  is not limited to the position information of the hand. The position information calculation unit  201  may obtain position information of a specific part of the user, from the video signal. In the case where a remote control for sending a signal is used in the manipulation, the position information calculation unit  201  may calculate position information of the remote control based on the signal sent from the remote control. 
     The blur amount calculation unit  202  calculates an average value of the position information of the hand per unit time, based on the two-dimensional coordinate value obtained from the position information calculation unit  201 . In detail, the blur amount calculation unit  202  calculates an average value from two-dimensional coordinate values successively obtained for a predetermined time. The blur amount calculation unit  202  then calculates, as the blur amount, a maximum absolute difference between the average value and the two-dimensional coordinate values successively obtained for the predetermined time. 
     For example, the blur amount calculation unit  202  obtains a two-dimensional coordinate value (x i , y i ) as position information at time i. The blur amount calculation unit  202  successively obtains two-dimensional coordinate values at sampling intervals Δt, from time i to time n. The blur amount calculation unit  202  then calculates an average value (x ave , y ave ) based on the obtained two-dimensional coordinate values. The average value (x ave , y ave ) is given by Expression 1. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
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                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     where n is a positive integer not less than i. 
     In this case, the blur amount calculation unit  202  calculates a blur amount (Δx, Δy) according to Expression 2.
 
[Math. 2]
 
(Δ x, Δy )=(max(| x   t   −x   ave |), max(| y   t   −y   ave |))  (Expression 2)
 
     where (x t , y t ) is each two-dimensional coordinate value obtained from time i to time n. Thus, the blur amount calculation unit  202  calculates, as the blur amount, a maximum absolute difference between the average value calculated according to Expression 1 and the two-dimensional coordinate values successively obtained from time i to time n. 
     Note that the blur amount calculation method is not limited to the above-mentioned calculation method. The blur amount calculation unit  202  may use any value indicating the change of the hand position per unit time. As an example, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may calculate, as the blur amount, an average value of change amounts of the two-dimensional coordinate values successively obtained from time i to time n. 
     In the blur amount (Δx, Δy), Δx is a horizontal blur amount. In the case where the horizontal blur amount is not more than 50 pixels, the blur amount calculation unit  202  sets the horizontal blur amount as “small”. In the case where the horizontal blur amount is more than 50 pixels and less than 100 pixels, the blur amount calculation unit  202  sets the horizontal blur amount as “medium”. In the case where the horizontal blur amount is not less than 100 pixels, the blur amount calculation unit  202  sets the horizontal blur amount as “large”. 
     Though the above describes the structure of setting the horizontal blur amount in three levels of “large”, “medium”, and “small”, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may set the blur amount in multiple levels such as four levels, five levels, or six levels. Further, each threshold used when setting the blur amount as any of the levels may be determined according to a status of use by the user. 
     Moreover, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may set the blur amount on the basis of a unit other than pixels. For instance, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may directly use the spatial coordinate value of the position information of the hand. 
     In the blur amount (Δx, Δy), Δy is a vertical blur amount. In the case where the vertical blur amount is not more than 50 pixels, the blur amount calculation unit  202  sets the vertical blur amount as “small”. In the case where the vertical blur amount is more than 50 pixels and less than 100 pixels, the blur amount calculation unit  202  sets the vertical blur amount as “medium”. In the case where the vertical blur amount is not less than 100 pixels, the blur amount calculation unit  202  sets the vertical blur amount as “large”. 
     Though the above describes the structure of setting the vertical blur amount in three levels of “large”, “medium”, and “small”, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may set the blur amount in multiple levels such as four levels, five levels, or six levels. Further, each threshold used when setting the blur amount as any of the levels may be determined according to the status of use by the user. 
     Moreover, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may set the blur amount on the basis of a unit other than pixels. For instance, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may directly use the spatial coordinate value of the position information of the hand. 
     The blur amount calculation unit  202  may use a different number of levels between the horizontal blur amount and the vertical blur amount. In the case where gestures are used in the manipulation, a vertical change tends to occur due to gravitational influence. As an example, it is expected that, when the user is manipulating the television apparatus  1  using gestures, the user&#39;s hand suffers fatigue due to gravitational influence, causing an increase in vertical blur amount. Accordingly, a structure of setting the vertical blur amount in more levels than the horizontal blur amount is preferable. 
     The blur amount calculation unit  202  may also use different thresholds between the horizontal blur amount and the vertical blur amount. For example, lower thresholds may be used for the vertical blur amount than the horizontal blur amount. In this way, more importance is placed on the blur amount of the hand in the vertical direction. 
     In more detail, for example, in the case where the vertical blur amount is not more than 40 pixels, the blur amount calculation unit  202  sets the vertical blur amount as “small”. In the case where the vertical blur amount is more than 40 pixels and less than 80 pixels, the blur amount calculation unit  202  sets the vertical blur amount as “medium”. In the case where the vertical blur amount is not less than 80 pixels, the blur amount calculation unit  202  sets the vertical blur amount as “large”. 
     Thus, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may use thresholds determined based on an assumption that the vertical blur amount increases due to hand fatigue. 
     Note that the blur amount is a value indicating either blur caused by hand movement of the user or image processing precision. In detail, a large blur amount implies that the user is incapable of accurately manipulating the television apparatus  1  or the signal processing precision is low. Conversely, a small blur amount implies that the user is capable of accurately manipulating the television apparatus  1  or the signal processing precision is high. 
     Though the above describes the case where the blur amount calculation unit  202  calculates the vertical blur amount and the horizontal blur amount separately, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may instead calculate, as the blur amount, a maximum distance determined from the two-dimensional coordinate values successively obtained for the predetermined time and the average value of the two-dimensional coordinate values. Calculating the maximum distance as the blur amount makes it unnecessary for the blur amount calculation unit  202  to calculate the vertical blur amount and the horizontal blur amount separately. This contributes to a shorter processing time. 
     The blur amount is a value indicating the blur of the position information obtained by the position information calculation unit  201 , and may be calculated by any calculation method. 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates a GUI screen based on the blur amount calculated by the blur amount calculation unit  202  and the GUI screen information stored in the flash memory  107 , upon receiving a signal from the gesture mode activation unit  204 . 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  also generates a GUI screen including a message to keep the hand stationary, based on the signal received from the gesture mode activation unit  204 . The GUI screen generation unit  203  outputs the generated GUI screen to the display  108 . The GUI screen generated by the GUI screen generation unit  203  will be described later. 
     The gesture mode activation unit  204  activates a gesture mode, based on a signal received via the reception unit  105 . In the case of activating the gesture mode, the gesture mode activation unit  204  sends a power on signal to the camera  8  via the input-output IF unit  102 . The power on signal is a signal for activating the camera  8 . The gesture mode activation unit  204  also outputs a signal indicating the activation of the gesture mode, to the GUI screen generation unit  203 . 
     3. Operation Flow 
       FIG. 3  is a flowchart showing an example of a process of generating a GUI screen and displaying the generated GUI screen on the display  108  by the signal processing unit  104  according to this exemplary embodiment. An operation of receiving a manipulation signal via the remote control device  7  is described below, for convenience&#39;s sake. 
     The remote control device  7  accepts manipulation by the user, and sends a signal for activating the gesture mode to the reception unit  105 . For example, the user presses a “gesture mode” button on the remote control device  7 . The remote control device  7  accepts the manipulation by the press (Step S 301 ). 
     Next, the gesture mode activation unit  204  receives the signal from the remote control device  7  via the reception unit  105 . In the case where the received signal is a signal for activating the gesture mode, the gesture mode activation unit  204  activates the gesture mode (Step S 302 ). 
     In the case of activating the gesture mode, the gesture mode activation unit  204  sends the power on signal to the camera  8  via the input-output IF unit  102 . Upon receiving the power on signal, the camera  8  starts operation (Step S 303 ). After executing initialization and the like, the camera  8  starts imaging of the user. The camera  8  outputs a signal obtained by the imaging, to the position information calculation unit  201  via the input-output IF unit  102 . 
     The gesture mode activation unit  204  also outputs the signal indicating the activation of the gesture mode, to the GUI screen generation unit  203 . Upon receiving this signal, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen including the message to keep the hand stationary (Step S 304 ). 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram showing the GUI screen including the message to keep the hand stationary. 
     The message to keep the hand stationary is added to the GUI screen shown in  FIG. 4 . In addition, guides are displayed in the horizontal and vertical directions, to help the user recognize whether or not the hand is stationary. Furthermore, an area in which the hand is to be kept stationary is displayed as a circle so that the user can recognize the area in which the hand is to be kept stationary. The television apparatus  1  thus puts the user&#39;s hand in a stationary state (Step S 305 ). 
     Next, the position information calculation unit  201  successively receives video signals sent from the camera  8 , via the input-output IF unit  102 . The position information calculation unit  201  processes each received video signal, to calculate a two-dimensional coordinate value as the position information of the hand (Step S 306 ). The position information calculation unit  201  outputs the calculated two-dimensional coordinate value to the blur amount calculation unit  202 . Here, the position information calculation unit  201  executes image processing on the successively received video signals in sequence, and successively outputs the two-dimensional coordinate values as a result of the image processing. 
     The blur amount calculation unit  202  calculates a blur amount, from the two-dimensional coordinate values successively outputted from the position information calculation unit  201  (Step S 307 ). The blur amount calculation unit  202  outputs the calculated blur amount to the GUI screen generation unit  203 . 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates a GUI screen, based on the blur amount received from the blur amount calculation unit  202  and the GUI screen information stored in the flash memory  107  (Step S 308 ). The GUI screen generation unit  203  outputs the generated GUI screen to the display  108 . 
     The display  108  displays the GUI screen received from the GUI screen generation unit  203  (Step S 309 ). 
     4. GUI Screen 
     The following describes the GUI screen generated by the GUI screen generation unit  203 , with reference to drawings. 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  changes the GUI screen, based on the blur amount calculated by the blur amount calculation unit  202 . 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram showing a table of GUI screen information stored in the flash memory  107 . 
     For example, the GUI screen generation unit  203  references to a table including information of nine types of GUI screens defined according to the vertical blur amount and the horizontal blur amount, as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     The table shown in  FIG. 5  is a table corresponding to the vertical blur amount and the horizontal blur amount outputted from the blur amount calculation unit  202 . In the table shown in  FIG. 5 , the blur amount is classified into three levels of “small”, “medium”, and “large”, according to its magnitude. In the table shown in  FIG. 5 , the blur amount is classified as “small” in the case where the blur amount is not more than 50 pixels, classified as “medium” in the case where the blur amount is more than 50 pixels and less than 100 pixels, and classified as “large” in the case where the blur amount is not less than 100 pixels. 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates one of the nine types of GUI screens, based on the classification of the blur amount. Hereafter, it is assumed that the GUI screen is virtually divided into six rows and six columns, for convenience&#39;s sake. 
     (First Pattern: in the Case where the Vertical Blur Amount is “Small” and the Horizontal Blur Amount is “Small”) 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates a GUI screen A, in the case where the vertical blur amount is “small” and the horizontal blur amount is “small”. 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram showing the GUI screen A. In  FIG. 6 , “2ch”, “4ch”, “6ch”, “8ch”, “10ch”, and “12ch” are each an object (button) for selecting a channel. 
     The GUI screen A shown in  FIG. 6  is a GUI screen generated in the case where the vertical blur amount is “small” and the horizontal blur amount is “small”. In the case where the vertical blur amount and the horizontal blur amount are small, it is estimated that the user is in a situation where he or she is capable of accurate manipulation. Accordingly, each button arranged in the GUI screen A has a size of one row and one column. Thus, each button is generated in a small size because the user is capable of accurate manipulation with high precision. 
     Of the nine types of GUI screens, the GUI screen A has the smallest button size. Generating such small buttons enables gesture manipulation without reducing the viewable area of the video (program being viewed). 
     (Second Pattern: in the Case where the Vertical Blur Amount is “Medium” and the Horizontal Blur Amount is “Small”) 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates a GUI screen B, in the case where the vertical blur amount is “medium” and the horizontal blur amount is “small”. 
       FIG. 7  is a diagram showing the GUI screen B. In  FIG. 7 , “2ch”, “4ch”, “6ch”, “8ch”, “10ch”, and “12ch” are each an object (button) for selecting a channel. 
     In the case where the vertical blur amount is “medium”, it is estimated that the user is in a situation where accurate manipulation in the vertical direction is more difficult than in the case where the vertical blur amount is “small”. Accordingly, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen B in which each button is larger in the vertical direction than in the GUI screen A, for example, each button has a size of two rows and one column. 
     Meanwhile, since the horizontal blur amount is small, the GUI screen generation unit  203  may set the horizontal size of each button arranged in the GUI screen B to be equal to the horizontal size of each button arranged in the GUI screen A. 
     Thus, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen B in which each button is larger in the vertical direction. This enables accurate gesture manipulation to be performed even in the case where the vertical precision is low. Moreover, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen B according to the direction of blur. This contributes to improved manipulability of the television apparatus  1  by gesture while minimizing the reduction of the viewable area of the video (program being viewed). 
     (Third Pattern: in the Case where the Vertical Blur Amount is “Large” and the Horizontal Blur Amount is “Small”) 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates a GUI screen C, in the case where the vertical blur amount is “large” and the horizontal blur amount is “small”. 
       FIG. 8  is a diagram showing the GUI screen C. In  FIG. 8 , “2ch”, “4ch”, “6ch”, “8ch”, “10ch”, and “12ch” are each an object (button) for selecting a channel. 
     In the case where the vertical blur amount is “large”, it is estimated that the user is in a situation where accurate manipulation in the vertical direction is more difficult than in the case where the vertical blur amount is “medium”. Accordingly, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen C in which each button is larger in the vertical direction than in the GUI screen B, for example, each button has a size of three rows and one column. Since the vertical blur amount is “large” in this pattern, the vertical size of each button generated in the GUI screen C is largest of the nine types of GUI screens. 
     Thus, the GUI screen generation unit  203  can generate the GUI screen C corresponding to the situation where the vertical precision is low. In such a case, however, the viewable area of the video (program being viewed) is reduced, which causes a significant decrease in information amount. Hence, the GUI screen generation unit  203  may generate the GUI screen C so that each button is displayed in see through mode (transparently displayed). This can prevent a decrease in video visibility. 
     (Fourth Pattern: in the Case where the Vertical Blur Amount is “Small” and the Horizontal Blur Amount is “Medium”) 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates a GUI screen D, in the case where the vertical blur amount is “small” and the horizontal blur amount is “medium”. 
       FIG. 9  is a diagram showing the GUI screen D. In  FIG. 9 , “2ch”, “4ch”, “6ch”, “8ch”, “10ch”, and “12ch” are each an object (button) for selecting a channel. 
     In the case where the horizontal blur amount is “medium”, it is estimated that the user is in a situation where accurate manipulation in the horizontal direction is more difficult than in the case where the horizontal blur amount is “small”. Accordingly, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen D in which each button is larger in the horizontal direction than in the GUI screen A, for example, each button has a size of one row and two columns. 
     Thus, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen D in which each button is larger in the horizontal direction. As a result, the manipulability by gesture can be maintained even in the case where the horizontal precision is low. 
     Though all buttons are located on the upper side of the GUI screen D in  FIG. 9 , the 8ch button, the 10ch button, and the 12ch button of the GUI screen D may be located on the lower side of the GUI screen D. This can prevent a decrease in information amount of the center part of the GUI screen D. As a result, the manipulability by gesture and the visibility of the program being viewed can both be maintained. 
     (Fifth Pattern: in the Case where the Vertical Blur Amount is “Medium” and the Horizontal Blur Amount is “Medium”) 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates a GUI screen E, in the case where the vertical blur amount is “medium” and the horizontal blur amount is “medium”. 
       FIG. 10  is a diagram showing the GUI screen E. In  FIG. 10 , “2ch”, “4ch”, “6ch”, “8ch”, “10ch”, and “12ch” are each an object (button) for selecting a channel. 
     In the case where the vertical blur amount is “medium” and the horizontal blur amount is “medium”, it is estimated that the user is in a situation where accurate manipulation in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is more difficult than in the case where the vertical blur amount is “small” and the horizontal blur amount is “small”. Accordingly, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen E in which each button is larger in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction than in the GUI screen A, for example, each button has a size of two rows and two columns. 
     (Sixth Pattern: in the Case where the Vertical Blur Amount is “Large” and the Horizontal Blur Amount is “Medium”) 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates a GUI screen F, in the case where the vertical blur amount is “large” and the horizontal blur amount is “medium”. 
       FIG. 11  is a diagram showing the GUI screen F. In  FIG. 11 , “2ch”, “4ch”, “6ch”, “8ch”, “10ch”, and “12ch” are each an object (button) for selecting a channel. 
     In the case where the vertical blur amount is “large” and the horizontal blur amount is “medium”, it is estimated that the user is in a situation where accurate manipulation in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is difficult. Accordingly, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen F in which each button is large in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, for example, each button has a size of three rows and two columns. This makes the program being viewed less visible, but eases gesture manipulation. Note that the buttons for gesture manipulation may be displayed on the GUI screen only when the user performs gesture manipulation. 
     (Seventh Pattern: in the Case where the Vertical Blur Amount is “Small” and the Horizontal Blur Amount is “Large”) 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates a GUI screen G, in the case where the vertical blur amount is “small” and the horizontal blur amount is “large”. 
       FIG. 12  is a diagram showing the GUI screen G. In  FIG. 12 , “2ch”, “4ch”, “6ch”, “8ch”, “10ch”, and “12ch” are each an object (button) for selecting a channel. 
     In the case where the horizontal blur amount is “large”, it is estimated that the user is in a situation where accurate manipulation in the horizontal direction is more difficult than in the case where the horizontal blur amount is “medium”. Accordingly, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen G in which each button is larger in the horizontal direction than in the GUI screen D, for example, each button has a size of one row and three columns. Since the horizontal blur amount is “large”, the horizontal size of each button generated in the GUI screen G is largest of the nine types of GUI screens. 
     Thus, the GUI screen generation unit  203  can generate the GUI screen G corresponding to the situation where the horizontal precision is low. In such a case, however, the viewable area of the video (program being viewed) is reduced. Hence, the GUI screen generation unit  203  may generate the GUI screen G so that each button is displayed in see through mode (transparently displayed). This contributes to improved video visibility. 
     (Eighth Pattern: in the Case where the Vertical Blur Amount is “Medium” and the Horizontal Blur Amount is “Large”) 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates a GUI screen H, in the case where the vertical blur amount is “medium” and the horizontal blur amount is “large”. 
       FIG. 13  is a diagram showing the GUI screen H. In  FIG. 13 , “2ch”, “4ch”, “6ch”, “8ch”, “10ch”, and “12ch” are each an object (button) for selecting a channel. 
     In the case where the vertical blur amount is “medium” and the horizontal blur amount is “large”, it is estimated that the user is in a situation where accurate manipulation in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is difficult. In particular, it is estimated that accurate manipulation in the horizontal direction is difficult. Accordingly, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen H in which each button is large in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, for example, each button has a size of two rows and three columns. 
     This makes the program being viewed less visible, but eases gesture manipulation. Note that the buttons for gesture manipulation may be displayed on the GUI screen only when the user performs gesture manipulation. 
     (Ninth Pattern: in the Case where the Vertical Blur Amount is “Large” and the Horizontal Blur Amount is “Large”) 
     The GUI screen generation unit  203  generates a GUI screen I, in the case where the vertical blur amount is “large” and the horizontal blur amount is “large”. 
       FIG. 14  is a diagram showing the GUI screen I. In  FIG. 14 , “CH UP” and “CH DOWN” are each an object (button) for selecting a channel. 
     In the case where the vertical blur amount is “large” and the horizontal blur amount is “large”, it is estimated that the user is in a situation where accurate manipulation in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is difficult. Accordingly, the GUI screen generation unit  203  generates the GUI screen I in which each button is large in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, for example, each button has a size of three rows and three columns. 
     This makes the program being viewed less visible, but eases gesture manipulation. Note that the buttons for gesture manipulation may be displayed on the GUI screen only when the user performs gesture manipulation. Here, it is preferable to display only the channel up button and/or the channel down button on the GUI screen I. This allows each button to be displayed in large size while preventing a decrease in video visibility. The television apparatus  1  can thus achieve improvements in both visibility and manipulability. 
     Though this exemplary embodiment describes the case where the GUI screen generation unit  203  selects the appropriate GUI screen from the nine types of GUI screens according to the horizontal blur amount and the vertical blur amount, the GUI screen generation unit  203  may dynamically generate the GUI screen according to the horizontal blur amount and the vertical blur amount. 
     In this case, the GUI screen generation unit  203  may increase the horizontal size of each button arranged in the GUI screen as the horizontal blur amount increases, and increase the vertical size of each button arranged in the GUI screen as the vertical blur amount increases. 
     Though the above-mentioned GUI screen is virtually divided into six rows and six columns for convenience&#39;s sake, the GUI screen may not be divided. For example, the object size (dimension) may be calculated as a real value instead of on the division unit basis, according to the blur amount. 
     Though this exemplary embodiment describes the case where the blur amount is calculated beforehand using the GUI screen shown in  FIG. 4 , that is, the television apparatus  1  displays the appropriate GUI screen as a result of calibration executed prior to manipulation, the television apparatus  1  may dynamically calculate the blur amount during manipulation. 
     For instance, in the case where the user fails to select an object, the television apparatus  1  may calculate the blur amount according to the distance between the position of the pointer at the time of failure and the position of the object nearest the pointer. Thus, the television apparatus  1  can dynamically calculate the blur amount and display the appropriate GUI screen during gesture manipulation. 
     The GUI screen change according to this exemplary embodiment is typically useful in an environment in which the pointer is manipulated using gestures. However, the GUI screen may equally be changed in an environment in which the pointer is manipulated using a remote control, a touchpad, a mouse, or the like. 
     5. Conclusion 
     The television apparatus  1  according to this exemplary embodiment is the television apparatus  1  that operates according to manipulation by a user on a GUI screen, the television apparatus  1  including: the GUI screen generation unit  203  that generates the GUI screen, the GUI screen including an object selectable in the manipulation and a pointer for selecting the object; and the blur amount calculation unit  202  that calculates blur information indicating a blur amount of a position at which the pointer is displayed on the GUI screen, wherein the GUI screen generation unit  203  changes the GUI screen depending on the blur information. 
     With this, the television apparatus  1  can generate the appropriate GUI screen according to the blur information. The user can then manipulate the television apparatus  1  on the GUI screen according to blur, even in the case where blur caused by hand movement of the user or a display error caused by signal processing occurs. This contributes to improved manipulability of the television apparatus  1 . 
     Moreover, the television apparatus  1  may further include: the camera  8  that obtains an image of the user by imaging the user; and the position information calculation unit  201  that calculates the position at which the pointer is displayed, from the image obtained by the camera  8 , wherein the blur amount calculation unit  202  calculates the blur information indicating the blur amount of the position calculated by the position information calculation unit  201 , from the image obtained by the camera  8 . 
     With this, the television apparatus  1  calculates the position at which the pointer is displayed, based on the image of the user. The television apparatus  1  then generates the GUI screen according to blur of the image of the user. There is a high possibility that the image of the user is blurred due to a property of the camera  8  or an operation by the user. Even in such a case where the image of the user is blurred, the television apparatus  1  enables the user to appropriately select the object on the GUI screen according to the blur of the image. 
     Moreover, the GUI screen generation unit  203  may: change a size of the object included in the GUI screen depending on the blur information; and generate the GUI screen that includes the object having the changed size and the pointer. 
     With this, the television apparatus  1  can generate the GUI screen on which the object of the size according to blur is displayed. Therefore, even in the case where blur occurs, the user can manipulate the television apparatus  1  on the GUI screen on which the object of the size according to the blur is displayed. 
     Moreover, the GUI screen generation unit  203  may: generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose size is a first size and the pointer, in the case where the blur amount indicated by the blur information is a first value; and generate the GUI screen that includes the object whose size is a second size and the pointer, in the case where the blur amount indicated by the blur information is a second value larger than the first value, the second size being larger than the first size. 
     With this, the television apparatus  1  can increase the size of the object displayed on the GUI screen in the case where the blur amount is large. Therefore, even in the case where the blur amount is large, the user can appropriately select the object displayed on the GUI screen. 
     Moreover, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may calculate the blur information indicating at least one of a vertical blur amount and a horizontal blur amount. 
     With this, the television apparatus  1  can calculate blur in a predetermined direction, and change the GUI screen according to the blur in the predetermined direction. 
     Moreover, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may calculate the blur information indicating the vertical blur amount, wherein the GUI screen generation unit  203 : generates the GUI screen that includes the object whose vertical size is the first size and the pointer, in the case where the vertical blur amount is the first value; and generates the GUI screen that includes the object whose vertical size is the second size and the pointer, in the case where the vertical blur amount is the second value. 
     With this, the television apparatus  1  can vertically increase the size of the object displayed on the GUI screen, in the case where the vertical blur amount is large. Therefore, even in the case where vertical blur occurs, the user can appropriately select the object displayed on the GUI screen. 
     Moreover, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may calculate the blur information indicating the horizontal blur amount, wherein the GUI screen generation unit  203 : generates the GUI screen that includes the object whose horizontal size is the first size and the pointer, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is the first value; and generates the GUI screen that includes the object whose horizontal size is the second size and the pointer, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is the second value. 
     With this, the television apparatus  1  can horizontally increase the size of the object displayed on the GUI screen, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is large. Therefore, even in the case where horizontal blur occurs, the user can appropriately select the object displayed on the GUI screen. 
     Moreover, the GUI screen generation unit  203  may: determine the number of display target objects depending on the blur information calculated by the blur amount calculation unit  202 , the display target objects being one or more objects that include the object and are displayed on the GUI screen; and generate the GUI screen on which the determined number of the display target objects are displayed. 
     With this, the television apparatus  1  can generate the GUI screen including the number of objects according to blur. Therefore, even in the case where blur occurs, the user can manipulate the television apparatus  1  on the GUI screen including the number of objects according to the blur. 
     Moreover, the GUI screen generation unit  203  may: determine a first number as the number of the display target objects and generate the GUI screen on which the first number of the display target objects are displayed, in the case where the blur amount indicated by the blur information is a first value; and determine a second number as the number of the display target objects and generate the GUI screen on which the second number of the display target objects are displayed, in the case where the blur amount indicated by the blur information is a second value larger than the first value, the second number being smaller than the first number. 
     With this, the television apparatus  1  can reduce the number of objects displayed on the GUI screen in the case where the blur amount is large, as compared with the case where the blur amount is small. Therefore, even in the case where the blur amount is large, the user can appropriately select the object. 
     Moreover, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may calculate the blur information indicating a vertical blur amount, wherein the GUI screen generation unit  203 : determines the first number as the number of the display target objects displayed in the vertical direction and generates the GUI screen on which the first number of the display target objects are displayed in the vertical direction, in the case where the vertical blur amount is the first value; and determines the second number as the number of the display target objects displayed in the vertical direction and generates the GUI screen on which the second number of the display target objects are displayed in the vertical direction, in the case where the vertical blur amount is the second value. 
     With this, the television apparatus  1  can reduce the number of objects displayed in the vertical direction, in the case where the vertical blur amount is large. Therefore, even in the case where vertical blur occurs, the user can appropriately select the object displayed on the GUI screen. 
     Moreover, the blur amount calculation unit  202  may calculate the blur information indicating a horizontal blur amount, wherein the GUI screen generation unit  203 : determines the first number as the number of the display target objects displayed in the horizontal direction and generates the GUI screen on which the first number of the display target objects are displayed in the horizontal direction, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is the first value; and determines the second number as the number of the display target objects displayed in the horizontal direction and generates the GUI screen on which the second number of the display target objects are displayed in the horizontal direction, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is the second value. 
     With this, the television apparatus  1  can reduce the number of objects displayed in the horizontal direction, in the case where the horizontal blur amount is large. Therefore, even in the case where horizontal blur occurs, the user can appropriately select the object displayed on the GUI screen. 
     6. Supplemental Remarks 
     Though the exemplary embodiment has been described above, this exemplary embodiment should not be construed as limiting in any manner. 
     Though the above describes a television apparatus as an example of the terminal apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment, the terminal apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment may be a set-top box that does not include the display  108 . Alternatively, the terminal apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment may be a recorder. Thus, the terminal apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment may be any terminal apparatus that is manipulated by a user through a GUI screen. 
     Each means included in the terminal apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment may be provided as an integrated circuit or a program. 
     The program may be distributed via a recording medium such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) or a communication network such as the Internet. 
     The integrated circuit is typically realized as LSI (Large Scale Integration). The LSI may be composed of one chip, or composed of a plurality of chips. For example, the functional blocks other than the memory may be implemented by one-chip LSI. Though LSI is mentioned here, the circuit may be called IC (Integrated Circuit), system LSI, super LSI, ultra LSI, or the like, depending on the degree of integration. 
     The integrated circuit method is not limited to LSI, and may be realized by a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that can be programmed after LSI manufacturing or a reconfigurable processor capable of reconfiguring connections and settings of circuit cells in LSI may also be used. 
     When an integrated circuit technology that replaces LSI emerges from development of semiconductor technologies or other derivative technologies, such a technology may be used for the integration of the functional blocks. For instance, biotechnology may be adapted in this way. 
     Upon integration, the data storage unit alone from among the plurality of functional blocks may be provided as a separate structure without being incorporated in the one-chip structure. 
     Embodiment 2 
     Embodiment 2 describes a more specific example of use of the television apparatus  1  described in Embodiment 1. The television apparatus according to Embodiment 2 includes the same structural elements as the television apparatus  1  according to Embodiment 1. 
       FIG. 15  is a diagram showing an example of use of the television apparatus according to Embodiment 2. A pointer  51  and an object  52  are displayed on a GUI screen  54  of the television apparatus  1  shown in  FIG. 15 . The camera  8  obtains an image of a user  53  by imaging the user  53 . The television apparatus  1  calculates a position at which the pointer  51  is displayed, according to the image obtained by the camera  8 . 
     That is, the television apparatus  1  determines the position of the pointer  51  according to the image of the user  53 . The pointer  51  moves according to gestures of the user  53 . In the case where the object  52  is selected with the pointer  51 , the television apparatus  1  executes an operation associated with the object  52 . 
       FIG. 16  is a diagram showing an example of the GUI screen  54  shown in  FIG. 15 . A screen example of the GUI screen  54  in the case of high position precision and a screen example of the GUI screen  54  in the case of low position precision are shown in  FIG. 16 . Here, the high position precision implies that the blur amount is small, and the low position precision implies that the blur amount is large. 
     The upper part of  FIG. 16  shows the screen example in the case where the blur amount is small. In the screen example in the upper part, “1”, “2”, “3”, . . . , “12”, “Volume+”, “Volume−”, “CH+”, “CH−”, “Menu”, “Program guide”, and “Input select” are each an object on the GUI screen  54 . A hand mark represents a pointer. As an example, in the case where “1” is selected with the pointer, the television apparatus  1  displays video of a program of channel  1 . 
     In the example in the upper part of  FIG. 16 , the number of objects is relatively large, and the size of each object is relatively small. In the example in the upper part, the user can move the pointer to a desired position with high precision because the blur amount is small. Therefore, the user can appropriately manipulate the television apparatus  1  even through the complex GUI screen  54  as in the screen example in the upper part. 
     The lower part of  FIG. 16  shows the screen example in the case where the blur amount is large. In the screen example in the lower part, “Volume+”, “Volume−”, “CH+”, and “CH−” are each an object on the GUI screen  54 . A hand mark represents a pointer. As an example, in the case where “CH+” is selected with the pointer, the television apparatus  1  switches the channel by increasing the channel number. 
     In the example in the lower part of  FIG. 16 , the number of objects is relatively small, and the size of each object is relatively large. In the example in the lower part, the user has difficulty in moving the pointer to a desired position with high precision because the blur amount is large. Even in such a case where it is difficult to move the pointer with high precision, the user can appropriately select an object through the simplified GUI screen  54 . 
     As described above, the television apparatus  1  changes the GUI screen  54  depending on whether the blur amount is small (first value) or large (second value). In the case where the blur amount is small, the number of objects is large (first number), and the size of each object is small (first size). In the case where the blur amount is large, the number of objects is small (second number), and the size of each object is large (second size). 
     The television apparatus  1  may reduce the size of each object while maintaining the number of objects, in the case where the blur amount is large. This increases each boundary (distance) between objects. A manipulation error of selecting a wrong object due to blur can thus be prevented. 
     Alternatively, the television apparatus  1  may reduce the number of objects while maintaining the size of each object, in the case where the blur amount is large. This simplifies the GUI screen  54  and improves manipulability. 
     Embodiment 3 
     A terminal apparatus according to Embodiment 3 includes characteristic structural elements of the television apparatus  1  described in each of Embodiments 1 and 2. 
       FIG. 17  is a block diagram showing the terminal apparatus according to Embodiment 3. A terminal apparatus  60  shown in  FIG. 17  operates according to manipulation by a user on a GUI screen. The terminal apparatus  60  includes a blur information calculation unit (blur calculator)  61  and a GUI screen generation unit (generator)  62 . The blur information calculation unit  61  corresponds to the blur amount calculation unit  202  according to Embodiment 1 shown in  FIG. 2 . The GUI screen generation unit  62  corresponds to the GUI screen generation unit  203  according to Embodiment 1 shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     The blur information calculation unit  61  calculates blur information. The blur information indicates a blur amount of a position at which a pointer is displayed on the GUI screen. The GUI screen includes an object selectable in the manipulation and the pointer for selecting the object. 
     The GUI screen generation unit  62  generates the GUI screen. The GUI screen generation unit  62  changes the GUI screen depending on the blur information. 
       FIG. 18  is a flowchart showing an operation of the terminal apparatus  60  shown in  FIG. 17 . First, the blur information calculation unit  61  calculates the blur information (Step S 61 ). Next, the GUI screen generation unit  62  generates the GUI screen (Step S 62 ). Here, the GUI screen generation unit  62  changes the GUI screen depending on the blur information. For example, the GUI screen generation unit  62  changes a display state of the object depending on the blur information. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus  60  can generate the appropriate GUI screen according to the blur information. The user can then manipulate the terminal apparatus  60  on the GUI screen according to blur, even in the case where blur caused by hand movement of the user or a display error caused by signal processing occurs. This contributes to improved manipulability of the terminal apparatus  60 . 
     Embodiment 4 
     A terminal apparatus according to Embodiment 4 has a structure in which structural elements corresponding to the camera  8  and the like described in Embodiment 1 are added to the terminal apparatus  60  according to Embodiment 3. 
       FIG. 19  is a block diagram showing the terminal apparatus according to Embodiment 4. The terminal apparatus  60  shown in  FIG. 19  includes the blur information calculation unit  61 , the GUI screen generation unit  62 , an imaging unit (image sensor)  63 , and a position information calculation unit (position calculation unit or position calculator)  64 . The terminal apparatus  60  shown in  FIG. 19  additionally includes the imaging unit  63  and the position information calculation unit  64 , as compared with the terminal apparatus  60  according to Embodiment 3 shown in  FIG. 17 . The imaging unit  63  corresponds to the camera  8  according to Embodiment 1 shown in  FIG. 2 . The position information calculation unit  64  corresponds to the position information calculation unit  201  according to Embodiment 1 shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     The imaging unit  63  obtains an image of the user by imaging the user. The position information calculation unit  64  calculates the position at which the pointer is displayed, from the image obtained by the imaging unit  63 . The blur information calculation unit  61  calculates the blur information indicating the blur amount of the position calculated by the position information calculation unit  64 , from the image obtained by the imaging unit  63 . The GUI screen generation unit  62  generates the GUI screen on which the pointer is displayed at the position calculated by the position information calculation unit  64 . The GUI screen generation unit  62  changes the GUI screen depending on the blur information. 
       FIG. 20  is a flowchart showing an operation of the terminal apparatus  60  shown in  FIG. 19 . First, the imaging unit  63  obtains the image of the user by imaging the user (Step S 71 ). The position information calculation unit  64  calculates the position at which the pointer is displayed, from the image obtained by the imaging unit  63  (Step S 72 ). 
     The blur information calculation unit  61  calculates the blur information indicating the blur amount of the position calculated by the position information calculation unit  64 , from the image obtained by the imaging unit  63  (Step S 73 ). Here, the blur information calculation unit  61  may calculate the blur information using the position calculated from the image obtained by the imaging unit  63 . Alternatively, the blur information calculation unit  61  may calculate the blur information from the whole image obtained by the imaging unit  63 . 
     In particular, the blur information calculation unit  61  may calculate the blur information before the information of the position is converted to a coordinate value of the pointer on the GUI screen, or calculate the blur information after the information of the position is converted to the coordinate value of the pointer on the GUI screen. 
     The GUI screen generation unit  62  generates the GUI screen on which the pointer is displayed at the position calculated by the position information calculation unit  64  (Step S 74 ). Here, the GUI screen generation unit  62  changes the GUI screen depending on the blur information. 
     With this, the terminal apparatus  60  calculates the position at which the pointer is displayed, based on the image of the user. The terminal apparatus  60  then generates the GUI screen according to blur of the image of the user. There is a high possibility that the image of the user is blurred due to a property of the imaging unit  63  or an operation by the user. Even in such a case where the image of the user is blurred, the terminal apparatus  60  enables the user to appropriately select the object on the GUI screen according to the blur of the image. 
     The herein disclosed subject matter is to be considered descriptive and illustrative only, and the appended Claims are of a scope intended to cover and encompass not only the particular embodiment(s) disclosed, but also equivalent structures, methods, and/or uses. 
     For example, a process executed by a specific processing unit may be executed by another processing unit. Processes may be executed in different order, and two or more processes may be executed in parallel. 
     The herein disclosed subject matter can be realized not only as a terminal apparatus, but also as a method including steps corresponding to the processing units included in the terminal apparatus. As an example, these steps are executed by a computer. The herein disclosed subject matter can also be realized as a program for causing the computer to execute the steps included in such a method. The herein disclosed subject matter can further be realized as a computer-readable recording medium such as a CD-ROM on which the program is recorded. 
     Structural elements included in the terminal apparatus may be realized by LSI (Large Scale Integration) which is an integrated circuit. The structural elements may each be individually implemented as one chip, or may be partly or wholly implemented on one chip. As an example, the structural elements other than the storage unit may be implemented as one chip. Though LSI is mentioned here, the circuit may be called IC (Integrated Circuit), system LSI, super LSI, ultra LSI, or the like, depending on the degree of integration. 
     The integrated circuit method is not limited to LSI, and may be realized by a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor. A FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) which can be programmed or a reconfigurable processor which is capable of reconfiguring connections and settings of circuit cells in LSI may also be used. 
     When an integrated circuit technology that replaces LSI emerges from development of semiconductor technologies or other derivative technologies, such a technology may be used for the integration of the structural elements included in the terminal apparatus. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The terminal apparatus according to one or more exemplary embodiments disclosed herein provides a GUI screen according to blur, and is therefore applicable to a television apparatus, a video recorder, a video camera, a digital camera, a personal computer, a camera mobile phone, and so on.