Patent Publication Number: US-2019196411-A1

Title: Smartwatch assemblies having electrocardiogram sensors, photoplethysmography sensors, and blood pressure monitors 
and related methods

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This disclosure relates generally to smartwatch assemblies and methods of making smartwatch assemblies. Specifically, this disclosure relates to smartwatch assemblies that have sensors for monitoring a user&#39;s heart functions and providing measurements of heart function. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Smartwatches are wristwatches that have functionality beyond timekeeping. Some smartwatches are portable media players, and some smartwatches run mobile apps using a mobile operating system. Smartwatches often include electronic displays where a user can interface with the smartwatches and control their functionality. Smartwatches also often include sensors to track a user&#39;s activity and inactivity. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a smartwatch assembly. The smartwatch assembly may include an outer frame portion and an insert portion removably insertable into the outer frame portion. The insert portion may include a casing, a controller disposed within the casing, an electrocardiogram sensor operably coupled to the controller, the electrocardiogram sensor having at least two electrodes configured to be placed in contact with a user&#39;s skin, a photoplethysmography sensor operably coupled to the controller and oriented to face the user&#39;s skin, and a display operably coupled to the controller and configured to show data related to measurements taken by the electrocardiogram sensor and the photoplethysmography sensor. The photoplethysmography sensor may detect trigger events in a heart function of the user, and, in response to the detection of a trigger event, the electrocardiogram sensor may initiate an electrocardiogram measurement of the user. 
     Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a smartwatch assembly. The smartwatch assembly may include an outer frame portion and an insert portion removably insertable into the outer frame portion. The insert portion may include a casing, a controller disposed within the casing, an electrocardiogram sensor operably coupled to the controller, the electrocardiogram sensor having at least two electrodes configured to be placed in contact with a user&#39;s skin, a photoplethysmography sensor operably coupled to the controller and oriented to face the user&#39;s skin, and a display operably coupled to the controller and configured to show data related to measurements taken by the electrocardiogram sensor and the photoplethysmography sensor. The photoplethysmography sensor may detect trigger events in a heart function of the user, and, in response to the detection of a trigger event, the smartwatch assembly may alert the user of the detected trigger event via the display. Additionally, in response to a user interaction, the electrocardiogram sensor may initiate an electrocardiogram measurement. 
     Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a smartwatch assembly system. The smartwatch assembly system may include at least one processor and at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions thereon that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to: monitor a user&#39;s heart function via a photoplethysmography sensor; detect a trigger event related to the user&#39;s heart function via the photoplethysmography sensor; in response to detecting the trigger event, initiate an electrocardiogram measurement of the user via an electrocardiogram sensor; and show data related to the electrocardiogram measurement via a display. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawings will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. 
       For a detailed understanding of the present disclosure, reference should be made to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like elements have generally been designated with like numerals, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1A  is a front perspective view of a smartwatch assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 1B  is a back perspective view of the smartwatch assembly of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic representation of a smartwatch assembly control system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3A  is a perspective view of an insert portion of a smartwatch assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3B  is another perspective view of the insert portion of  FIG. 3A ; 
         FIG. 4  is a back perspective view of the smartwatch assembly of  FIG. 1A ; 
         FIG. 5  is a front view of a display of the smartwatch assembly of  FIG. 1A ; 
         FIG. 6A  is a perspective view of a smartwatch assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 6B  is another perspective view of the smartwatch of  FIG. 6A . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The illustrations presented herein are not actual views of any particular smartwatch assembly, or any component thereof, but are merely idealized representations, which are employed to describe the present invention. 
     As used herein, any relational term, such as “first,” “second,” “adjacent,” “front,” “rear,” etc., is used for clarity and convenience in understanding the disclosure and accompanying drawings, and does not connote or depend on any specific preference or order, except where the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, these terms may refer to an orientation of elements of the smartwatch assembly when the smartwatch assembly is being worn by a user on the user&#39;s arm in a conventional manner for wearing watches. 
     Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a smartwatch assembly that includes an electrocardiogram sensor (“ECG sensor”) that may be operably coupled to a controller and may include at least two electrodes for contacting a user&#39;s skin (e.g., a user wearing the smartwatch assembly). The ECG sensor may include a sensor for detecting and recording electrical activity generated by heart muscle depolarization of a user, which propagate in pulsating electrical waves toward the skin of a user. Moreover, the ECG sensor may be used for obtaining an electrocardiogram measurement from the user, including the parameters pertaining to the “QRS complex” and/or PQRST waveform of the acquired electrocardiogram measurement. In some embodiments, the at least two electrodes of the ECG sensor may extend through (i.e., may be exposed through) a back cover of the smartwatch assembly. In additional embodiments, at least one electrode of the at least two electrodes may extend through (i.e., may be exposed on) a lateral side of the smartwatch assembly. Having at least one electrode of the at least two electrodes be accessible via an opposite hand of the user and another electrode contacting the skin of the wrist of the user wearing the smartwatch assembly may expand locations where electrical activity is detected by the ECG sensor and may enable a more accurate measurement by the ECG sensor. 
     One or more embodiments of the present disclosure include a smartwatch assembly that further includes a photoplethysmography sensor (“PPG sensor”) that may be operably coupled to the controller. For instance, the PPG sensor may include a sensor for optically detecting changes in a blood flow volume through a tissue via reflection from or transmission through the tissue. The PPG sensor may associate changes in light intensity with small variations in blood perfusion, and as a result, heart beats. In some embodiments, the PPG sensor may extend through a back cover of the smartwatch assembly and may be oriented to face a user&#39;s skin. The PPG sensor may monitor heart rate variability of a user. For example, the PPG sensor may monitor HRV continuously. Furthermore, based on the monitored heart rate variability (HRV), the PPG sensor and/or controller may detect and/or determine trigger events (e.g., heart irregularities) indicated in the heart function of the user. In response to a detection of a trigger event via the PPG sensor, the controller may initiate an ECG measurement via the ECG sensor. In additional embodiments, in response to a detection of a trigger event via the PPG sensor, the controller may alert a user of the trigger event via a display of the smartwatch assembly. 
     Additional embodiments of the present disclosure include a smartwatch assembly having an insert portion including the ECG and PPG sensors that can be switched between (e.g., inserted into and removed from) an outer frame portion connected to a wrist band and an outer frame portion connected to a heart rate strap. In some embodiments, the heart rate strap may include at least one electrode of the ECG sensor of the smartwatch assembly. For example, the heart rate strap may include one or more portions of conductive rubber that comprise the at least one electrode of the ECG sensor. Accordingly, the smartwatch assemblies of the present disclosure may be advantageous over conventional smartwatch assemblies. For example, upon being notified by the smartwatch assembly of a detected heart irregularity, the user may remove the insert portion from the outer frame portion connected to the wristband and may insert the insert portion into the outer frame portion connected to the heart rate strap to acquire a more accurate ECG measurement. Based on the more accurate ECG measurement, a user may decide whether or not to seek medical attention. Accordingly, the smartwatch assemblies of the present disclosure may provide a useful and potentially lifesaving monitor to users who may be prone to heart irregularities and/or heart attacks. 
       FIG. 1A  shows a front perspective view of a smartwatch assembly  100  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 1B  shows a back perspective view of the smartwatch assembly  100 . Referring  FIGS. 1A and 1B  together, the smartwatch assembly  100  may include a watch body  102 , a first band portion  104 , and a second band portion  106 . 
     The watch body  102  may include a generally annular-outer frame portion  108  (e.g., receptacle portion), an insert portion  110 , a first lug  112 , and a second lug  114 . As is described in greater detail below, the insert portion  110  may be removably insertable into the outer frame portion  108 . The first and second lugs  112 ,  114  may extend out radially from the outer frame portion  108  of the watch body  102  on opposite sides of the watch body  102 . The first band portion  104  may be coupled to the first lug  112 , and the second band portion  106  may be coupled to the second lug  114 . The first and second band portions  104 ,  106  may be sized and shaped to be wrapped around a wrist of a user and to fasten the smartwatch assembly  100  to the wrist of the user. 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic representation of a smartwatch control system  134  that may be at least partially disposed within the insert portion  110  of the smartwatch assembly  100 . The smartwatch control system  134  may include a controller  136 , a communication system  138 , and a plurality of sensors  139 . 
     The controller  136  may include one or more of special-purpose or general-purpose computer including computer hardware, such as, for example, one or more processors and system memory, as discussed in greater detail below. The controller  136  may also include physical and other computer-readable media for carrying or storing computer-executable instructions and/or data structures. In particular, one or more of the processes described herein may be implemented at least in part as instructions embodied in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by the controller  136 . In general, a processor (e.g., a microprocessor) receives instructions, from a non-transitory computer-readable medium, (e.g., a memory, etc.), and executes those instructions, thereby performing one or more processes, including one or more of the processes described herein. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 2  together, the communication system  138  of the smartwatch control system  134  may be operably coupled to the controller  136  and may enable the smartwatch assembly  100  to wirelessly communicate with other devices. For example, the communication system  138  may enable the smartwatch control system  134  to communicate with other devices through Wi-Fi, BLUETOOTH® 2.0, BLUETOOTH® low energy (“BLE”) 4.0, infrared communication, ANT, ANT+, etc. In some embodiments, the communication system  138  may enable the smartwatch control system  134  to communicate with a smartphone, such as, for example, an IPHONE® or an ANDROID® phone. For example, the controller  136  may be able to communicate with devices using IOS® software and/or ANDROID® software. 
     In some embodiments, an application (or “app”) specific to the smartwatch assembly  100  may be included on a smartphone (hereinafter “SW app”) and may allow a user to customize features of the smartwatch assembly  100  from the smartphone. For example, the SW app may include the SW app described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,841,735, to Yuen, issued Dec. 12, 2017, the disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety by this reference herein. 
     In some embodiments, the SW app and/or smartwatch control system  134  of the smartwatch assembly  100  may interface with, for example, the HEALTH KIT® App and/or the GOOGLE FIT® App or any other app designed to track a user&#39;s activity. As used herein, the term “activity” may refer to physical activity such as walking, running, swimming, burning calories, etc. Furthermore, the term “activity” may include other activities such as sleeping. In some embodiments, the smartwatch control system  134  may communicate with and interface with other apps on a smartphone, such as, for example, mail apps, texting apps, call placing and receiving apps, sleep tracking apps, map apps, alarm apps, and global positioning apps. 
     Moreover, the smartwatch control system  134  may access data on the smartphone such as, for example, global positioning data, activity data, usage data, etc. In some embodiments, the smartwatch control system  134  may be in at least substantially constant wireless communication with the smartphone. In some embodiments, the smartwatch assembly  100  may be able to stay in constant communication with the smartphone when the smartwatch assembly  100  is within approximately 50 meters of the smartphone. In some embodiments, the smartwatch assembly  100  may be able to stay in constant communication with the smartphone when the smartwatch assembly  100  is within approximately 100 meters of the smartphone. In some embodiments, the smartwatch assembly  100  may be able to stay in constant communication with the smartphone when the smartwatch assembly  100  is within approximately 150 meters of the smartphone. 
     Although the smartwatch assembly  100  is described herein as communicating with a smartphone, embodiments of the present disclosure may not be so limited. For example, the smartwatch assembly  100  may communicate and may interface with one or more of a computer, a laptop, a personal digital assistant, a pedometer, and other mobile devices such as a FITBIT®, JAWBONE®, and other smartwatches. To facilitate explanation of the smartwatch assembly  100 , the smartwatch assembly  100  will be described herein as communicating and interfacing with a smartphone. However, it is understood that that smartwatch assembly  100  may communicate and interface with any of the above-listed devices. 
     The plurality of sensors  139  may be operably coupled to the controller  136  and may provide data related to a user&#39;s activities, inactivity, and health to the controller  136 . The plurality of sensors  139  are described in greater detail below in regard to  FIGS. 3A and 3B . 
       FIG. 3A  shows a perspective view of the insert portion  110  of a smartwatch assembly  100  ( FIG. 1A ) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG. 3B  shows another perspective view of the insert portion  110  of  FIG. 2A . Referring to  FIGS. 1A-3B  together, the insert portion  110  of the smartwatch assembly  100  (e.g., smartwatch assembly  100 ) may include a controller  136 , an electrocardiogram sensor  116 , a photoplethysmography sensor  118 , a display  120 , a plurality of control mechanisms  122 , a generally annular side cover  124 , a back cover  126 , and a plurality of securing mechanisms  128 . In some embodiments, the smartwatch assembly  100  may further include a vibrator. For example, the smartwatch assembly  100  may include the vibrator described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,841,735, to Yuen, issued Dec. 12, 2017, the disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety by this reference herein. As is discussed in greater detail below, the vibrator may be operably coupled to the controller  136  and may be used (e.g., caused to vibrate) in response to certain events, such as, an alarm of the smartphone and the smartphone receiving a text, email, voicemail, and/or phone call. Additionally, the smartwatch assembly  100  may include an additional sensors (e.g., sensors of the plurality of sensors  139 ), and the additional sensors may be operably coupled to the controller  136  and may include a magnetic pendulum (i.e., pedometer), motion sensors, etc. For example, the additional sensors may include at least one multi-axis accelerometer. In some embodiments, the accelerometer may include at least 3 axes. In some embodiments, the accelerometer may include at least 6 axes. 
     The display  120  may be attached to a first side of the annular side cover  124  and the back cover  126  may be attached to a second opposite side of the annular side cover  124 . The display  120  may be operably connected to the controller  136 . The display  120  may allow a user to provide input to, receive output (e.g., alerts) from, and otherwise transfer data to and receive data from controller  136 . In some embodiments, the display  120  may include a display screen and/or a touch screen. The display  120  may also include one or more devices for presenting output to a user, including, but not limited to, a graphics engine, one or more output drivers (e.g., display drivers), one or more audio speakers, and one or more audio drivers. In certain embodiments, the display  120  is configured to provide graphical data to a display screen for presentation to a user. The graphical data may be representative of one or more graphical user interfaces and/or any other graphical content as may serve a particular implementation. The display  120  may also include one or more LED modules. The display  120  is described in greater detail in regard to  FIG. 5 . 
     The electrocardiogram sensor  116  (“ECG sensor  116 ”) may be operably coupled to the controller  136  ( FIG. 2 ) and may include at least two electrodes  130 ,  132  for contacting a user&#39;s skin (e.g., a user wearing the smartwatch assembly  100 ). The ECG sensor  116  may include any known ECG sensor  116  known in the art. For instance, the ECG sensor  116  may include a sensor for detecting and recording electrical activity generated by heart muscle depolarization of a user, which propagate in pulsating electrical waves towards the skin of a user. Moreover, as is discussed in further detail below, the ECG sensor  116  may be used for obtaining an electrocardiogram measurement from the user, including the parameters pertaining to the “QRS complex” and/or PQRST waveform of the acquired electrocardiogram measurement. The smartwatch assembly  100  may include algorithms stored in memory, which may be executed by a processor of the controller  136  ( FIG. 2 ) using the acquired electrocardiogram data to provide information to the user (via the display  120 ) pertaining to one or more of the following variables: a heart rate, an effective heart age (as opposed to actual heart age), a heart rate robustness, an R to R interval, a heart rate variability, a quality of the electrocardiogram signal, and mood, fatigue, and stress levels of the user. Additionally, the algorithms may, when executed by the processor of the controller  136  ( FIG. 2 ), diagnose various heart conditions including atrial fibrillation, heart arrhythmia, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the at least two electrodes  130 ,  132  of the ECG sensor  116  may extend through (i.e., may be exposed through) the back cover  126  of the insert portion  110 . In some instances, each electrode of the at least two electrodes  130 ,  132  may have a general half-moon shape. In additional embodiments, at least one electrode of the at least two electrodes  130 ,  132  may extend through (i.e., may be exposed on) a lateral side of the insert portion  110 . For instance, the at least one electrode of the at least two electrodes  130 ,  132  may extend through the annular side cover  124  of the insert portion  110 . As another example, the at least one electrode of the at least two electrodes  130 ,  132  may comprise a portion of the annular side cover  124 . Furthermore, the at least one electrode of the at least two electrodes  130 ,  132  may be exposed through the outer frame portion  108  of the watch body  102  of the smartwatch assembly  100 . For example, the at least one electrode of the at least two electrodes  130 ,  132  may be a bezel, a control mechanism  122  (e.g., one of the plurality of control mechanisms  122 ), and/or a portion of the outer frame portion  108  of the smartwatch assembly  100 . Accordingly, the at least one electrode of the at least two electrodes  130 ,  132  may be accessible via an opposite hand of the user (e.g., a hand of an arm of the user not wearing the smartwatch assembly  100 ). In such embodiments, the ECG sensor  116  may include at least three electrodes. Furthermore, the electrode exposed through the outer frame portion  108  of the watch body  102  of the smartwatch assembly  100  may include a positive terminal of the ECG sensor  116 . One of the electrodes extending through the back cover  126  of the insert portion  110  may include a negative terminal of the ECG sensor  116 , and the other electrode extending through the back cover  126  may include a ground terminal of the ECG sensor  116 . Having the at least one electrode of the at least two electrodes be accessible via an opposite hand of the user and another electrode contacting the skin of the wrist of the user wearing the smartwatch assembly  100  may expand locations where electrical activity is detected by the ECG sensor  116  and may enable a more accurate measurement by the ECG sensor  116 . 
     Via contact with a user&#39;s skin, the ECG sensor  116  may perform (i.e., take) an electrocardiogram measurement of a user wearing the smartwatch assembly  100 . For instance, the ECG sensor  116  may be configured to detect and measure a heart rate, an interbeat interval, and a heart rate variability of a user. Furthermore, the ECG sensor  116  may be configured to generate a graph of voltage over time of the heart muscle beating (i.e., an “EKG”). The graph may include a P-wave, a QRS complex, and a T-wave, which are known in the art. Additionally, as mentioned above, the ECG sensor  116  and/or controller  136  may determine, based on ECG measurements, an effective heart age, a heart rate robustness, an R to R interval, a heart rate variability, a quality of the electrocardiogram signal, a mood of the user, fatigue level of the user, and stress levels of the user. Likewise, the ECG sensor  116  and/or controller  136  may determine, based on ECG measurements, an estimated inebriation level, a Zen index, a detection of inebriation, a drowsiness level, a sleep quality, heart irregularities, a recovery rate, and an oxygen saturation of the user. Moreover, when in use, the ECG sensor  116  and/or controller  136  may cause data related to an ECG measurement and any additional determined data to be displayed on the display  120  for inspection by a user. 
     In some embodiments, the controller  136  may utilize the display  120  to provide feedback to a user while the user is attempting to take an ECG measurement. For example, the controller  136  may cause one or more colors to be displayed on the display  120  to indicate different statuses related to the ECG measurement. For instance, the controller  136  may cause the display  120  to display a first (e.g., red) color (e.g., illuminate a first LED module) when the ECG sensor  116  could not acquire and/or read a signal properly. Additionally, the controller  136  may cause the display  120  to display a second (e.g., amber) color when the ECG sensor  116  is actively acquiring and/or reading an ECG signal. Furthermore, the controller  136  may cause the display  120  to display a third (e.g., green) color when the smartwatch assembly  100  is properly placed for acquiring an ECG signal and the ECG measurement has been taken. The vibrator (described above) may also vibrate upon completion of the acquisition of the ECG measurement. 
     Additionally, the controller  136  may utilize the display  120  to provide feedback (e.g., information) pertaining to the parameters (e.g., heart rate, effective heart age, heart rate robustness, etc.) listed above as determined using the algorithms and ECG measurement. For instance, the controller  136  may cause the display  120  to display a first (e.g., red) color when the ECG measurement and associated parameters appear to indicate an abnormality (e.g., heart irregularity). Additionally, the controller  136  may cause the display  120  to display a second (e.g., amber) color when the ECG measurement and associated parameters potentially indicate an abnormality (e.g., heart irregularity). Furthermore, the controller  136  may cause the display  120  to display a third (e.g., green) color when the ECG measurement and associated parameters appear normal. In some embodiments, the colors may blink. As a non-limiting example, the colors may blink while a measurement is being taken, and the colors may stop blinking and may remain solid (i.e., not blink) to indicate an outcome of the ECG measurement. The display  120  is described in further detail below in regard to  FIG. 5 . Additionally, as is be described in further detail below, data pertaining to the ECG measurement and associated parameters may be transmitted to the smartphone or other associated device for further viewing, review, and tracking by the user. 
     In some embodiments, the ECG sensor  116  and controller  136  may also be able to detect that the user is possibly intoxicated (e.g., by alcohol, medications, etc.) via the ECG measurement. For example, algorithms have been disclosed for estimating intoxication using ECG data. See, e.g., C. K. Wu et al., A Precise Drunk Driving Detection Using Weighted Kernel Based On Electrocardiogram, Sensors 2016, 16, 659, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference herein. In such an embodiment, the smartwatch assembly  100  may utilize motion sensors to detect that the user is potentially driving a vehicle, and then perform an ECG to determine whether or not the user is potentially intoxicated. If the smartwatch assembly  100  detects that the user is potentially intoxicated, the smartwatch assembly  100  may alert the user by using the display  120  and/or vibrator. 
     In some embodiments, the smartwatch assembly  100  may have an operational mode in which the controller  136  may periodically cause the ECG sensor  116  to initiate and take ECG measurements and analyze the acquired ECG measurements for heart irregularities. As a result, users who are known to be prone to heart irregularities or who are at risk for a heart attack, may place the smartwatch assembly  100  into the operational mode to periodically monitor the user&#39;s heart function and analyze the acquired signals for heart irregularities. In the event an irregularity is detected, the controller  136  may cause an alert to be displayed via the display  120  and/or the vibrator. 
     The photoplethysmography sensor  118  (“PPG sensor  118 ”) may be operably coupled to the controller  136  ( FIG. 2 ). The PPG sensor  118  may include any PPG sensor  118  known in the art. For instance, the PPG sensor  118  may include a sensor for optically detecting changes in a blood flow volume through a tissue via reflection from or transmission through the tissue. The PPG sensor  118  may associate changes in light intensity with small variations in blood perfusion, and as a result, heart beats. 
     In one or more embodiments, the PPG sensor  118  may extend through the back cover  126  of the insert portion  110  and may be oriented to face a user&#39;s skin. In some embodiments, the PPG sensor  118  may extend through the back cover  126  in a location in-between electrodes of the at least two electrodes  130 ,  132  of the ECG sensor  116 . The PPG sensor  118  may monitor heart rate variability of a user. For example, the PPG sensor  118  may monitor HRV continuously. Furthermore, based on the monitored heart rate variability (HRV), the PPG sensor  118  and/or controller  136  may detect and/or determine trigger events indicated in the heart function of the user. For instance, the PPG sensor  118  and/or controller  136  may determine one or more trigger events indicated in the heart function of the user via one or more heart rate algorithms. The trigger events may include one or more of reduced (i.e., low) HRV and/or irregular heart rhythm. In view of the foregoing, the PPG sensor  118  may continuously monitor heart function of the user, and the ECG sensor  116  may be utilized periodically, when a potential irregularity is detected by the PPG sensor  118 , and/or when initiated by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in response to a detection of a trigger event via the PPG sensor  118 , the controller  136  may initiate an ECG measurement via the ECG sensor  116 . In additional embodiments, in response to a detection of a trigger event via the PPG sensor  118 , the controller  136  may alert a user of the trigger event via the display  120 . For instance, the controller  136  may cause one or more alert messages or lights to be shown on the display  120 . In further embodiments, in response to a detection of a trigger event via the PPG sensor  118 , the controller  136  may prompt the user to initiate an ECG measurement. For example, the controller  136  may cause a message prompting the user to initiate an ECG measurement on the display  120 . 
     As mentioned above, the smartwatch assembly  100  may track additional activities of the user. In some embodiments, the smartwatch assembly  100  may acquire data required to track a user&#39;s activity from the ECG sensor  116 , the PPG sensor  118 , and the plurality of sensors  139  ( FIG. 2 ) included in the in the insert portion  110  of the watch body  102  of the smartwatch assembly  100 . In some embodiments, the smartwatch assembly  100  may acquire data required to track a user&#39;s activity from a smartphone. For example, as noted above, the SW app may interface with other apps (e.g., HEALTH KIT® and GOOGLE FIT®) and functions (e.g., global positioning) of the smartphone to acquire data required to track a user&#39;s activity. In other words, in some embodiments, the SW app may track an activity with the smartphone and the smartwatch assembly  100  may indicate the activity tracked by the SW app on the smartphone. In some embodiments, the smartwatch assembly  100  may acquire data required to track a user&#39;s activity from both of the plurality of sensors  139  ( FIG. 2 ) and a smartphone. Additionally, as noted above, the smartwatch assembly  100  may transmit data pertaining to a user&#39;s activities, ECG measurements, PPG measurements, and inactivity to a smartphone or other associated device for further viewing, review, and tracking by the user. 
     Additionally, the smartwatch assembly  100  may notify a user of communication received via a smartphone. For example, the controller  136  may cause one or more messages to be displayed on the display  120  and/or the vibrator to vibrate in response to one or more events identified or created by the smartphone (referred to herein as “alerts”) or the smartwatch assembly  100 . For example, the controller  136  may cause a message to be displayed on the display  120  when a text, phone call, email, and/or voicemail is received on the smartphone. Furthermore, in some embodiments, controller  136  may cause a message to be displayed on the display  120  in response to activity performed by the user and as measured (e.g., tracked) by the smartphone or smartwatch assembly  100 . In other words, the smartwatch assembly  100  may track an activity performed by the user and may indicate tracked (e.g., measured, recorded, sensed, etc.) activity to the user by showing a message on the display  120 . For example, the controller  136  may cause a message indicating to a user a quantity and/or quality of an activity (e.g., walking, running, swimming, calories burned, sleeping, etc.) performed by the user to be displayed on the display  120 . 
     Referring still to  FIGS. 1A-3B  together, the plurality of control mechanisms  122  may extend radially outward from the annular side cover  124 . Furthermore, when assembled with the outer frame portion  108 , the plurality of control mechanisms  122  may be disposed in and extend through a plurality of holes in the outer frame portion  108  and may be operably coupled to the controller  136 . Accordingly, the plurality of control mechanisms  122  may be accessible through the outer frame portion  108  of the watch body  102 . In some embodiments, the plurality of control mechanisms  122  may include one or more of a button, a switch, and a crown. 
     A first control mechanism  122 A of the plurality of control mechanisms  122  may be oriented between about a one o&#39;clock position and a three o&#39;clock position. A second control mechanism  122 B of the plurality of control mechanisms  122  may be oriented between about a three o&#39;clock position and a five o&#39;clock position. In some embodiments, the plurality of control mechanisms  122  may be operably coupled to the controller  136 . Furthermore, via interaction with (e.g., pressing) the plurality of control mechanisms  122 , a user may initiate measurements with the PPG or ECG sensors  116 ,  118  and/or change modes of the smartwatch assembly  100 . 
     The operation of the plurality of control mechanisms  122  is described in greater detail in regard to  FIG. 5 . 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of securing mechanisms  128  may extend radially outward from the annular side cover  124  of the insert portion  110  and may be sized and shaped to engage the outer frame portion  108  of the smartwatch assembly  100  and to removably secure the insert portion  110  within the outer frame portion  108  of the smartwatch assembly  100 . For instance, the plurality of securing mechanisms  128  may include a plurality of protrusions. 
     In one or more embodiments, the insert portion  110  may include a plurality of contacts  123  for electrically connecting portions of the ECG sensor  116  and for providing charging pins. For example, one or more of the plurality of contacts  123  may electrically connect one or more electrodes located away from the insert portion  110  to the insert portion  110  and controller  136 . As a non-limiting example, one or more of the plurality of contacts  123  may electrically connect an electrode located in a band portion (e.g., the first band portion  104  or second band portion  106 ) of the smartwatch assembly  100  to the insert portion  110  and controller  136 . Additionally, one of more of the plurality of contacts  123  may provide charging pins for contact with a charging dock. 
       FIG. 4  shows a back perspective view of the smartwatch assembly  100  of  FIGS. 1A-3B . In some embodiments, the smartwatch assembly  100  may further include a blood pressure monitor  140 . Furthermore, the blood pressure monitor  140  may be disposed within either the first band portion  104  or the second band portion  106  of the smartwatch assembly  100 . The blood pressure monitor  140  may measure the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The blood pressure monitor  140  may utilize a piezo-resistive pressure sensor. For example, the blood pressure monitor  140  may include a composite film that deforms and returns to its initial state when loading and unloading with pressure. Deforming and returning the composite structure to its initial state may decrease and increase resistance of the composite structure, and the resistance change is dependent on the pressure applied to the piezo-resistive pressure sensor. Accordingly, the piezo-resistive pressure sensor may detect a pulse in a wrist of the user and a blood pressure in the wrist of the user. 
     In one or more embodiments, the blood pressure monitor  140  may be disposed within band securing loop  141  (i.e., a free loop) of the first band portion  104  of the smartwatch assembly  100 . For example, the blood pressure monitor  140  may be disposed within a portion of the band securing loop  141  oriented to remain in contact with the user&#39;s skin. Disposing the blood pressure monitor  140  within the band securing loop  141  of the first band portion  104  may assist in keeping the blood pressure monitor  140  against the skin of the user. In other embodiments, the blood pressure monitor  140  may be disposed within other portions of the band portions  104 ,  106  of the smartwatch assembly  100  or within the watch body  102  of the smartwatch assembly  100 . 
     As noted above, the blood pressure monitor  140  may be operably coupled to the controller  136 . Additionally, the controller  136  may cause data related to a measured blood pressure to be displayed on the display  120 . For instance, the controller  136  may cause a numerical representation of a measured blood pressure to be displayed on the display  120 . Moreover, in some embodiments, the controller  136  may cause the blood pressure monitor  140  to measure a blood pressure of the user. For instance, the controller  136  may, in response to a detection of one or more of the above described trigger events by the PPG sensor  118 , cause the blood pressure monitor  140  to measure a blood pressure of the user. Moreover, a blood pressure measurement may be initiated by a user via one or more of the control mechanisms  122 . Furthermore, the controller  136  may cause alerts to be displayed on the display  120  related to blood pressures measured by the blood pressure monitor  140 . For instance, the controller  136  may cause alerts related to relatively high or low blood pressures to be displayed on the display  120 . 
       FIG. 5  shows a schematic representation of a graphical user interface (“GUI”) shown by the display  120  of the smartwatch assembly  100 . Referring to  FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2, and 5  together, in some embodiments the display  120  may include an LCD screen. The GUI may include a main display area  144 , a secondary display area  146 , an icon area  148 , and at least one RGB LED module  150 . The main display area  144  of the GUI may show content (e.g., a time, a heart function, numerical representation of a tracked activity (e.g., steps taken)) related to a current selected mode of the smartwatch assembly  100  (described below). The secondary display area  146  of the GUI may display a date and/or additional content (e.g., an alarm time, durations of an activity session, data related to a tracked activity, etc.) related to a current selected mode of the smartwatch assembly  100 . The icon area  148  may display a plurality of icons representing different current functions of the smartwatch assembly  100 . For example, the icon area  148  may display an icon representing each of the following: battery charge level, current time, a heart function, a tracked activity of the user, and an alarm. Furthermore, an icon of the plurality of icons correlating to a currently displayed function and/or mode of the smartwatch assembly  100  may be highlighted (e.g., illuminated). 
     As noted above, the smartwatch assembly  100  may include a plurality of control mechanisms  122 , and a user may utilize the plurality of control mechanisms  122  to operate functions of the smartwatch assembly  100 . Table 1 below illustrates example functions that may be carried out by the smartwatch assembly  100  depending on whether the first button control mechanism  122 A or the second button control mechanism  122 B is pressed once for a short time (e.g., less than two seconds), referred to as a “press,” pressed twice successively, each for a short time, referred to as a “double press,” or pressed once for a long period of time (e.g., two seconds or more), referred to as a “long press.” 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 2 second 
                 5 second 
                 10 second 
               
               
                 Mechanism 
                 Press 
                 Double Press 
                 press 
                 press 
                 press 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 122A 
                 Switch 
                 Switch Main 
                 Switch 
                 No Function 
                 No Function 
               
               
                   
                 Secondary 
                 Display Area 
                 Mode 
               
               
                   
                 Display Area 
               
               
                 122B 
                 Start/Stop 
                 No Function 
                 Turn on 
                 No Function 
                 Bluetooth Pair 
               
               
                   
                 Tracking an 
                   
                 Backlight 
               
               
                   
                 Activity 
               
               
                 122A + 
                 If menu HR 
                 No Function 
                 No Function 
                 Start/Stop 
                 No Function 
               
               
                 122B 
                 or Activity, 
                   
                   
                 Sleep 
               
               
                   
                 Switch 
                   
                   
                 Tracking 
               
               
                   
                 between 
               
               
                   
                 HR/QRS 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Of course, the functions set forth in Table 1 above and any other functions of the smartwatch  100  as described herein could be assigned to any of the control mechanisms  122 A,  122 B, and any other method or methods of initiating the functions using the control mechanisms  122 A,  122 B could be employed as well. 
     The smartwatch assembly  100  may have three operational modes. The first mode may include a time mode. In the first mode, the main display area  144  may show the time or the amount of steps taken. Furthermore, the second display area  146  may show the date, a time of an alarm, and the amount of steps taken. The second mode may include a sports mode. As noted above, a user may start tracking an activity or a sports session by pressing the second control mechanism  122 B. In the second mode, the main display area  144  may show steps taken during the session and/or the current heart rate of the user. With the secondary display area  146 , the user has the option of seeing (or the secondary display area  146  displaying) the duration of the session, the average and max heart rate, the VO 2  max, burned calories, steps taken during the sessions, a distance traveled in the session, and a target heart rate zone. The second mode may be paused by pressing the second control mechanism  122 B again and resumed by pressing the second control mechanism  122 B yet again. The second mode may be terminated by double pressing the second control mechanism  122 B. The third mode may include a heart rate mode. In the third mode, a user may initiate a measurement via the PPG sensor  118 , ECG sensor  116 , or the blood pressure monitor  140  by pressing the second control mechanism  122 B. In the third mode, the main display area  144  may indicate either a PPG measurement, an ECG measurement (e.g., parameters of the ECG measurement), or a measured blood pressure (e.g., systolic and diastolic pressures). The secondary display area  146  may show one or more of the following: a duration of the measurement and an average and max heart rate during the measurement. 
     The smartwatch assembly  100  may also have two operational states. The first mode is a normal state in which the watch functions normally as described herein. In this mode, the smartwatch assembly  100  tracks the activity of the user, the sleep of the user, it has a built in alarm, a built in time for different time zones, and a heartbeat related data measuring. The second state is a shipping mode in which the smartwatch assembly  100  “sleeps” and does nothing so as to conserve battery life. The smartwatch assembly  100  may be placed in shipping mode by pressing and holding the first button control mechanism  122 A and the second button control mechanism  122 B simultaneously for at least 10 seconds. The user may exit the shipping mode by holding the first button control mechanism  122 A and the second button control mechanism  122 B simultaneously for 10 seconds. The BLUETOOTH® functionality may also be activated upon exiting the shipping mode. 
     The smartwatch assembly  100  also includes a digital clock. The digital time may be equal to the time of an associated (e.g., “paired”) smartphone or other device. The digital watch of the smartwatch assembly  100  may be used for the activity tracking, inactivity tracking, alarm(s), etc. The digital time of the smartwatch assembly  100  may be automatically synced with the smartphone or other device whenever it is associated or otherwise paired with the smartphone or other device such that the digital time of the smartwatch assembly  100  is up to date, in case, for instance, the user changes time zones. 
     The smartwatch assembly  100  may track the activity of a user by counting the user&#39;s steps. The smartwatch assembly  100  may be capable of distinguishing the difference between running and walking by comparing the number of steps taken within a specified period of time. The user&#39;s weight, height, and gender may be considered in the algorithm for counting steps if the associated SW app allows the user to set a user profile including such information. 
     As a non-limiting example, the stride length formula may be defined as S=H×0.414, where S is the stride length in centimeters and H is the height of the person in centimeters. If the user&#39;s height H is not defined in the user&#39;s specific data, the default H may be set to 0.73 cm for a male and 0.67 for a female. This formula may be used to provide a more detailed activity and inactivity tracking dataset. Whenever there is no height H specified, the formula cannot be applied, in which case the standard male or female standard may be used. If the gender also is not provided, the standard value of 0.73 cm is used, for example. 
     The user&#39;s calorie expenditure through activity may be calculated within the smartwatch assembly  100  as long as the weight, height and gender of the user is provided within the user&#39;s profile in the SW app. 
     As previously mentioned, the smartwatch assembly  100  may be used to track the inactivity of the user. The user may wear the smartwatch assembly  100  while sleeping to track inactivity and, hence, quality of sleep. Sleep tracking can be turned on by either holding the both the first and second control mechanisms  122 A,  122 B for a long press (e.g., two seconds) as indicated in Table 1 above, or by turning on the sleep alarm using an associated SW app. 
     The smartwatch assembly  100  may include an alarm feature. For example, the smartwatch assembly  100  may include, for example, seven usual wake up/normal alarms and seven sleep alarms for the user to track his or her sleep. If a normal alarm goes off, inactivity tracking may also be disabled if it was previously enabled. The alarm(s) may be configured through the associated SW app. The alarm(s) may be configured differently for each day of the week if desired. 
     As noted above in regard to  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the smartwatch assembly  100  may be used to provide indications to the user corresponding to notifications from an associated smartphone or other device, if connected to the smartwatch assembly  100 . For example, the smartwatch assembly  100  may notify the user (e.g., notify the user via the vibrator or display  120 ) upon receiving incoming notifications from the associated smartphone or other device, and also notify the user upon receiving an incoming call on the associated smartphone or other device. As a non-limiting example, the smartwatch assembly  100  may notify the user of incoming calls, SMS messages, email messages, chat instant messages (e.g., WeChat instant messages, WhatsApp instant messages, etc.), social media notifications (e.g., FACEBOOK® notifications, TWITTER® notifications, etc.), and calendar events. 
     The smartwatch assembly  100  may also be found through the SW app by actuating a “Find My Watch” function in the SW app. If the smartwatch assembly  100  receives the BLUETOOTH® signal corresponding to the Find My Watch function, the smartwatch assembly  100  may, for example, vibrate for three seconds. Whenever the Find My Watch function is triggered from the smartwatch assembly  100 , the smartphone or other associated device may vibrate and provide an audible sound signal. 
     The remaining battery life of the smartwatch assembly  100  may also be calculated and indicated to the user on the display  120 . For example, if a battery level of the smartwatch assembly  100  is lower than 20%, the outline of the battery icon (described above) will appear empty and will illuminate. Moreover, when the battery is charging, the battery icon may include a charge symbol within the battery icon and will illuminate. 
     Any other features or functionalities described in relation to the smartwatch assembly  100  may also be employed in the smartwatch assembly  100 , and the features or functionalities described in relation to the smartwatch assembly  100  may also be employed in the smartwatch assembly  100 . 
       FIGS. 6A and 6B  are perspective views of a smartwatch assembly  152  according to additional embodiments of the present disclosure. Similar to the smartwatch assembly  100  described above in regard to  FIGS. 1A-5 , the smartwatch assembly  152  may include a watch body  102 . Furthermore, the watch body  102  may include a generally annular-outer frame portion  108 A (e.g., receptacle portion), an insert portion  110 , a first lug  112 A, and a second lug  114 A. Additionally, the insert portion  110  may be removably insertable into the outer frame portion  108 A. However, the smartwatch assembly  100  may include a heart rate strap  154 . The heart rate strap  154  may be sized and shaped to extend around and/or attached to a chest of a user. For instance, when a user wants and/or needs an accurate ECG measurement, the user may remove the insert portion  110  from the annular-outer frame portion  108  ( FIG. 1A ) of the smartwatch assembly  100  ( FIG. 1A ) and place the insert portion  110  within the annular-outer frame portion  108 A of the smartwatch assembly  152 . Moreover, the user may secure the heart rate strap  154  to the chest of the user with the watch body  102  being placed against the chest of the user and take an ECG measurement utilizing the smartwatch assembly  152  in any of the manners described above in regard to  FIGS. 1A-5 . 
     In some embodiments, the heart rate strap  154  may include at least one electrode  156  of the ECG sensor  116  of the smartwatch assembly  152 . For example, the heart rate strap  154  may include one or more portions of conductive rubber  158  that comprise the at least one electrode  156  of the ECG sensor  116 . Furthermore, the at least one electrode  156  (i.e., the conductive rubber  158 ) may be electrically connected to the controller  136  ( FIG. 2 ) via one or more of the plurality of contacts  123  ( FIGS. 3A and 3B ). Having the at least one electrode  156  of the ECG sensor  116  being located within the heart rate strap  154  and being more proximate to a heart of the user (in comparison to being on the user&#39;s wrist) may expand locations where electrical activity is detected by the ECG sensor  116  and may enable a more accurate ECG measurement by the ECG sensor  116 . 
     In view of the foregoing, and referring to  FIGS. 1A-6  together, the smartwatch assemblies  100 ,  152  of the present disclosure may be advantageous over conventional smartwatch assemblies. For example, upon being notified by the smartwatch assembly  100  of a detected heart irregularity, the user may remove the insert portion  110  from the outer frame portion  108  of the smartwatch assembly  100  and may insert the insert portion  110  into the outer frame portion  108 A of the smartwatch assembly  152  with the heart rate strap  154  to acquire a more accurate ECG measurement. Based on the more accurate ECG measurement, a user may decide whether or not to seek medical attention. Accordingly, the smartwatch assemblies  100 ,  152  of the present disclosure may provide a useful and potentially lifesaving monitor to users who may be prone to heart irregularities and/or heart attacks. 
     Referring again to  FIGS. 1A-2 , and in particular reference to the controller  136 , computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the controller  136 . Computer-readable media that store computer-executable instructions are non-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices). Computer-readable media that carry computer-executable instructions are transmission media. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, embodiments of the disclosure can comprise at least two distinctly different kinds of computer-readable media: non-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices) and transmission media. 
     Non-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices) include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, Flash memory, phase-change memory (“PCM”), other types of memory, other optical disc storage, magnetic disc storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by controller  136 . 
     Further, upon reaching various computer system components, program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures can be transferred automatically from transmission media to non-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices) (or vice versa). For example, a computer-executable instructions or data structures received over a network or data link can be buffered in RAM within a network interface module (e.g., a “NIC”), and then eventually transferred to computer system RAM and/or to less volatile computer storage media (devices) at a computer system. Thus, it should be understood that non-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices) can be included in computer system components that also (or even primarily) utilize transmission media. 
     Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which, when executed at a processor, cause a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer (e.g., the controller  136 ), or special-purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. In some embodiments, computer-executable instructions are executed on a general-purpose computer to turn the general-purpose computer into a special-purpose computer implementing elements of the disclosure. The computer-executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, or even source code. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the described features or acts described above. Rather, the described features and acts are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims. 
     Additional non-limiting example embodiments of the present disclosure are set forth below. 
     Embodiment 1 
     A smartwatch assembly, comprising: an outer frame portion; an insert portion removably insertable into the outer frame portion, the insert portion comprising: a casing; a controller disposed within the casing; an electrocardiogram sensor operably coupled to the controller, the electrocardiogram sensor having at least two electrodes configured to be placed in contact with a user&#39;s skin; a photoplethysmography sensor operably coupled to the controller and oriented to face the user&#39;s skin; and a display operably coupled to the controller and configured to show data related to measurements taken by the electrocardiogram sensor and the photoplethysmography sensor, wherein the photoplethysmography sensor is configured to detect trigger events in a heart function of the user, and wherein, in response to the detection of a trigger event, the electrocardiogram sensor is configured to initiate an electrocardiogram measurement of the user. 
     Embodiment 2 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 1, further comprising a wrist band attached to the outer frame portion of the smartwatch assembly and comprising conductive rubber. 
     Embodiment 3 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 2, wherein the wrist band further comprises a blood pressure monitor. 
     Embodiment 4 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 1, wherein the display comprises an LCD screen. 
     Embodiment 5 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 1, wherein the at least two electrodes of the electrocardiogram sensor are exposed through a back cover of the insert portion. 
     Embodiment 6 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 1, wherein at least one electrode of the at least two electrodes is exposed on a lateral side of the smartwatch assembly through the outer frame portion of the smartwatch assembly and is accessible via an opposite hand of the user. 
     Embodiment 7 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 1, wherein the smartwatch assembly is configured to alert the user via the display when a detected trigger event includes an irregularity in heart functions. 
     Embodiment 8 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 1, wherein the smartwatch assembly is configured to show, via the display, a first color when an electrocardiogram measurement of the user is normal, a second color when an electrocardiogram measurement of the user indicates the possibility of a heart irregularity, and a third color when an electrocardiogram measurement of the user indicates a heart irregularity. 
     Embodiment 9 
     A smartwatch assembly, comprising: an outer frame portion; an insert portion removably insertable into the outer frame portion, the insert portion comprising: a casing; a controller disposed within the casing; an electrocardiogram sensor operably coupled to the controller, the electrocardiogram sensor having at least two electrodes configured to be placed in contact with a user&#39;s skin; a photoplethysmography sensor operably coupled to the controller and oriented to face the user&#39;s skin; and a display operably coupled to the controller and configured to show data related to measurements taken by the electrocardiogram sensor and the photoplethysmography sensor, wherein the photoplethysmography sensor is configured to detect trigger events in a heart function of the user, wherein, in response to the detection of a trigger event, the smartwatch assembly is configured to alert the user of the detected trigger event via the display, and wherein, in response to a user interaction, the electrocardiogram sensor is configured to initiate an electrocardiogram measurement. 
     Embodiment 10 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 9, further comprising a strap attached to the outer frame portion and sized and shaped to extend at least partially around a user&#39;s chest. 
     Embodiment 11 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 10, wherein the strap comprises a conductive rubber portion. 
     Embodiment 12 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 11, wherein one of the at least two electrodes of the electrocardiogram sensor includes the conductive rubber portion. 
     Embodiment 13 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 12, wherein one of the at least two electrodes of the electrocardiogram sensor is exposed through a back cover of the insert portion. 
     Embodiment 14 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 9, further comprising a wrist band attached to the outer frame portion, the wrist band comprising a blood pressure monitor. 
     Embodiment 15 
     The smartwatch assembly of embodiment 1, wherein at least one electrode of the at least two electrodes is exposed through the outer frame portion of the smartwatch assembly and is accessible via an opposite hand of the user. 
     Embodiment 16 
     A smartwatch assembly system, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions thereon that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to: monitor a user&#39;s heart function via a photoplethysmography sensor; detect a trigger event related to the user&#39;s heart function via the photoplethysmography sensor; in response to detecting the trigger event, initiate an electrocardiogram measurement of the user via an electrocardiogram sensor; and show data related to the electrocardiogram measurement via a display. 
     Embodiment 17 
     The smartwatch assembly system of embodiment 16, wherein the trigger event comprises an irregularity in heart function. 
     Embodiment 18 
     The smartwatch assembly system of embodiment 16, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to perform a blood pressure measurement of the user via a blood pressure monitor. 
     Embodiment 19 
     The smartwatch assembly system of embodiment 16, wherein the system initiates an electrocardiogram measurement utilizing at least one electrode that is exposed on a lateral side of a smartwatch assembly through an outer frame portion of the smartwatch assembly. 
     Embodiment 20 
     The smartwatch assembly system of embodiment 16, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to show data related to the electrocardiogram measurement utilizing at least three different colors. 
     The embodiments of the disclosure described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings do not limit the scope of the disclosure, which is encompassed by the scope of the appended claims and their legal equivalents. Any equivalent embodiments are within the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, various modifications of the disclosure, in addition to those shown and described herein, such as alternative useful combinations of the elements described, will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description. Such modifications and embodiments also fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents.