Patent Publication Number: US-6215530-B1

Title: Logical and composite channel mapping in an MPEG network

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/446,322, filed May 22, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,600,378. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present application relates to a multi-service communications system in which a plurality of different services are transmitted to subscribers over one or more different frequency channels. More particularly, the present invention relates to the transmission of a Logical Channel Table (LCT) which provides an abstraction between network parameters, such as transport stream ID and program number, and application layer elements, such as program guides or numeric channel selections, and to the transmission of a Composite Channel Table (CCT) which supports a time-sequenced concatenation of services from possibly different multiplexes so that the concatenation of services appears as a single service requiring no intervention on the part of the subscriber. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     In accordance with the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1), one or more programs are combined into a single transport stream for transmission. Data from each elementary stream are multiplexed together with information that allows synchronized presentation of the elementary streams within a program. Generally, a transport stream consists of one or more programs, and the audio and video elementary streams consist of access units. As known to those familiar with the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1), a program is a collection of elementary streams with a common timebase. In other words, a program consists of all the elementary streams which refer to a common Program Clock Reference (PCR) clock. The elementary stream data is carried in Packetized Elementary Stream (PES) packets, where a PES packet consists of a PES packet header followed by packet data. The PES packets are inserted into transport stream packets for transmission. The PES packet header may contain decoding and presentation time stamps (DTS and PTS) as well as other optional fields. Transport stream packets, on the other hand, begin with a 4 byte prefix containing the 13 bit packet ID (PID). The PID identifies, via four Program Specific Information (PSI) tables, the contents of the data contained in the transport stream packet payload. 
     In the context of the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1) transport stream, acquiring programs requires information from each of the four Program Specific Information (PSI) tables defined by the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1) specification. These tables are the Network Information Table (NIT), the Program Association Table (PAT), the Program Map Table (PMT) and the Conditional Access Table (CAT), and are typically segmented into sections and inserted in transport stream packets. Upon receipt at the decoder, these tables are searched for the desired parameters and need not necessarily be stored locally since they are frequently retransmitted. 
     The NIT specifies the mapping between transport stream IDs and network physical parameters such as tuning frequencies, transponder numbers, and the like. If an NIT is present, it must be encapsulated in an MPEG-2 private section. The PAT specifies the packet identifiers (PIDs) for the packets which carry Program Map Tables (PMTs) for the components of one or more programs on a transport stream. In other words, the PAT associates a program number with the transport packets that carry the PMT for that program. The PAT is always sent in packets with PID=0. The PMT specifies the PIDs and therefore which elementary streams and descriptors are associated to form each program. The PMT also indicates the PID of the transport stream packets which carry the Program Clock Reference (PCR) for each program, where the PCR is a “snapshot” of the original 27 MHZ system time clock of the program. The PMT further indicates stream types, elementary PIDs, program numbers of “virtual channels,” conditional access entitlement control messages (ECMs), and the like of packets that make up a particular program. The CAT is used when scrambling is employed and specifies the PIDs of conditional access packets used by decoders to gain entitlements for programs on transport streams. The CAT associates one or more Entitlement Management Messages (EMMs) and other conditional access data with a unique PID and uses a CA descriptor to specify CA linkages and private data. The CAT is always found in PID=1. Several other related structures have been defined by the Digital Video Broadcasters (DVB) group to provide descriptions and access methods for services. These structures and related information are known collectively as the DVB Service Information (SI) and are currently specified as ETSI prETS 300 468 (Draft—November 1994). Further information regarding the above-referenced tables may be found by referring to the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1), the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     In addition to these existing MPEG-2 Systems Standards (ISO/IEC 13818-1) and DVB structures, there are at least two other sources of information that might be used in the tuning process, namely, selections from Electronic Programming Guides (EPG) and direct “channel” selection by the subscriber. As known by those skilled in the art, the EPG is an application that allows subscribers to discover and select their desired programs. The EPG provides the mapping from a human-readable program name, icon, and the like to a specific program as defined, for example, by the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1). The EPG typically needs the subscriber to select a service, which, in turn, identifies the program number and transport stream ID of the selected program. The format and content of typical EPGs are known to those skilled in the art. For example, a description of an EPG assigned to the same assignee as the present invention is given by Hamilton et al. in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/072,911, filed Jun. 7, 1993, and entitled “Electronic Program Guide and Text Channel Data Controller.” However, in simpler applications, program selections may be accomplished through direct selection of the “channel” number by the subscriber. This could be achieved, for example, via a numeric keypad remote control where the subscriber selects a number which represents a “channel” (or service) and enters that number directly into the set top unit (STU). 
     To support “channel hopping” by the subscriber, a list of “contiguous” channels must be available. That is, there must exist a way to associate individual channels together as an ordered list so that “up/down”, “+/−” or “increment/decrement” keys will cause the set top unit to tune to the “next” channel in the program listing. 
     In addition to the access modes described above, it is desirable to support services which are “composites” of other services. That is, a subscriber may subscribe to a service which is composed of, for example, all football games on the network, even though those games are sourced from different individual services such as off-air channels, satellite-distributed sports networks, or digital storage media (for “classic” games, for example). This composite service should be “transparent” so that no intervention for re-tuning is required of the subscriber in order to receive all such programming. A system of this type is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,359,601 and 5,418,782, both also assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. 
     However, in order to adapt the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1) to accommodate the subscriber selections from an EPG and program selections including composite services, additional structures to those mentioned above for use in MPEG-2 systems are required. This is so because the service provider desires the flexibility of moving programs around to different transport streams and different frequencies without having to update the EPG service provider of each and every change. The present invention has been developed to provide such structures so that the desired functionality can be provided in a manner that is “transparent” to the subscriber as well as to the EPG service provider. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A system which provides the above-mentioned functionality is described which includes two additional structures for addition to the Digital Video Broadcasters (DVB) Program Specific Information (PSI) and Service Information (SI): the Logical Channel Table (LCT) and the Composite Channel Table (CCT). As described herein, the LCT provides the mapping between a Logical Channel Number (LCN) representing a service and the transport stream/program number on which the service can be found. LCT entries may designate either simple conventional channels or Composite Channels as described herein. Preferably, the LCT contains a Composite Channel Indicator (CCI), which when set to ‘1’, indicates that the selected channel is a composite channel. In this case, the LCT entry gives the home channel of the Composite Channel. Generally, the home channel is a channel for the basic service provided by the Composite Channel. In accordance with the invention, the home channel provides the CCT to the decoder so that the tuner can be retuned to the actual program designated in the CCT for current viewing. In other words, the Composite Channels provide a time-sequenced variable mapping from the LCN to the transport stream ID and program number on that transport stream which contains the current program for the Composite Channel. 
     The Composite Channels are defined in the Composite Channel Table (CCT). Each entry in the CCT associates a Composite Channel Number (CCN) with a LCN. Each CCT entry represents the “present” definition for the composite channel, and will contain a simple LCN. The simple LCN is used as a key to the LCT to determine the transport stream ID and program number for the service components in the usual way. As time progresses, the entry for a specific CCN will change. That is, a new (simple) LCN will become associated with it. This approach uses the CCN as a “pointer” to the LCN which is the currently active service for the composite channel. Thus, at any one point in time, a specific composite channel may “point” to one, and only one, simple logical channel, which is called the “present logical channel.” Thus, a “Composite Channel” as described herein is essentially a dynamic virtual service which is a collection of programs from different conventional (logical) channels. For example, a “composite channel” may be the “Western Channel” which is actually any of a number of actual channels at any given time which contains a program identified as a “western.” 
     As used herein, the logical channels and composite channels apply to only one network. Thus, each network may have its own collection of logical and composite channels. Moreover, it should be noted that the CCT does not provide the same functionality as the Event Information Table (EIT) in the DVB Service Information. The EIT specifies a collection of events which are a time-sequence of the same service. That is, the EIT divides a single service into individual entities called events. On the other hand, the CCT associates portions of different services into a time sequence that appears as a single service from the subscriber&#39;s viewpoint. Such distinctions will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The above and other objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated from the following detailed description of the presently preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of which: 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an MPEG-2 decoder modified to include a Logical Channel Table and a Composite Channel Table in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates direct logical channel tuning in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 3 illustrates composite channel tuning in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 4 illustrates the transition of a composite channel from one program to another in accordance with the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1-4. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the description given herein with respect to those figures is for exemplary purposes only and is not intended in any way to limit the scope of the invention. All questions regarding the scope of the invention may be resolved by referring to the appended claims. 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an MPEG-2 decoder  10  relating a Logical Channel Table (LCT) and a Composite Channel Table (CCT) with each other and with other MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1) physical service information structures. The decoder  10  of FIG. 1 receives via a cable, satellite feed, optical fiber link, and the like, a data stream such as an MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1) transport stream of the type described above. In accordance with the invention, the data stream encodes the LCT and CCT onto predetermined PIDs of the transport stream, although the PID for the CCT may be determined using a conventional MPEG-2 demultiplexing procedure. The LCT and CCT are then transmitted as part of the transport stream in the conventional manner using a conventional transmission system of the type illustrated in the afore-mentioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,359,601 and 5,418,782, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     In FIG. 1, a tuner  12  is tuned by decoder  10  to the frequency carrying the desired service (program). Optionally, the frequency is determined from a Network Information Table (NIT)  36  (described below) which is stored at the set top unit (STU). The transport stream carried at the selected frequency is provided to system data processor  14 , which selects from the transport stream those data packets having PIDs known to contain certain control data. For example, certain PIDs in each transport stream contain the NIT  36 , the Program Association Table (PAT)  38 , the Program Map Table (PMT)  40  and the Conditional Access Table (CAT)  42 . In accordance with the invention, other PIDs in each transport stream may further contain a Logical Channel Table (LCT)  32  and a Composite Channel Table (CCT)  34 . Arrows from system data processor  14  to each table in FIG. 1 are intended to illustrate this relationship. 
     Service component demultiplexer  16  receives the transport stream from system data processor  14  as well as the information from PAT  38 , PMT  40 , and CAT  42  needed to demultiplex the service components of the selected program from the transport stream. The demultiplexing technique itself is well known to those skilled in the art, while the technique for generating the table parameters in accordance with the invention will be described in more detail below. Upon removal from the transport stream, the video (V) and closed captioned (CC) components are processed by a video processor  18  and presented to video terminal  20  in a conventional manner. Similarly, the audio (A) component is processed by audio processor  22  and presented to speaker(s)  24 . 
     As noted above, the present invention is designed to accommodate Electronic Programming Guide (EPG) service providers by providing a mechanism that allows service providers to freely move programs around to different frequencies and transport streams without having to constantly update the EPG service providers of such changes. In accordance with the invention, this is accomplished by introducing two additional structures for addition to the DVB Service Information (SI): the Logical Channel Table (LCT)  32  and the Composite Channel Table (CCT)  34 . The LCT  32  provides the mapping between the Logical Channel Number (LCN) representing a service and the transport stream/program number on which the service can be found. LCT  32  entries may designate either simple conventional channels or Composite Channels. Preferably, the LCT  32  contains a Composite Channel Indicator (CCI), which when set to ‘1’, indicates that the selected channel is a composite channel. In this case, the LCT  32  entry gives the home channel of the Composite Channel. Generally, the home channel is a logical channel that is guaranteed to carry the CCT  34  for the basic service provided by the Composite Channel. In accordance with the invention, the home channel provides the CCT  34  to the decoder  10  so that the tuner  12  can be retuned to the actual program designated in the CCT  34  for current viewing. In other words, the Composite Channels provide a time-sequenced variable mapping from the LCN to the transport stream ID and program number on that transport stream which contains the current program for the Composite Channel. 
     The Composite Channels are defined in the Composite Channel Table (CCT)  34 . Each entry in the CCT  34  associates a Composite Channel Number (CCN) with a LCN. Each CCT  34  entry represents the “present” definition for the composite channel, and will contain a simple LCN. The simple LCN is used as a key to the LCT  32  to determine the transport stream ID and program number for the service components in the usual way. As time progresses, the entry for a specific CCN will change. That is, a new (simple) LCN will become associated with it. This approach uses the CCN as a “pointer” to the LCN which is the currently active service for the composite channel. Thus, at any one point in time, a specific composite channel may “point” to one, and only one, simple logical channel, which is called the “present logical channel.” Thus, a “Composite Channel” as described herein is essentially a dynamic virtual service which is a collection of programs from different conventional channels. For example, a “composite channel” may be the “Western Channel” which is actually any of a number of actual channels at any given time which contains a program identified as a “western.” 
     As used herein, the logical channels and composite channels apply to only one network. Thus, each network may have its own collection of logical and composite channels. Moreover, it should be noted that the CCT  34  does not provide the same functionality as the Event Information Table (EIT) in the DVB Service Information. The EIT specifies a collection of events which are a time-sequence of the same service. That is, the EIT divides a single service into individual entities called events. On the other hand, the CCT  34  associates portions of different services into a time sequence that appears as a single service from the subscriber&#39;s viewpoint. 
     During operation, a subscriber either selects a channel directly using his or her remote control unit  26  or selects a program (movie) from EPG  28 . In either case, a Logical Channel Number (LCN) defining a service by its transport stream ID (TSID) and program number (PN) is provided to a service selection switch  30 . Service selection switch  30  may comprise an infrared transceiver for receiving the LCN from the remote control unit  26  and/or a display device which displays the channel selection to the user on an LED display on the set top unit (STU) containing the decoder  10 , on a computer screen, or on the television display itself. Service selection switch  30  provides the LCN to the LCT  32  in accordance with the invention. The LCT  32  is transmitted on a predetermined PID of the transport stream and has the following LCT syntax definition in the syntax of the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1): 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Logical Channel Table Syntax Definition 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Syntax 
                 No. of Bits 
                 Mnemonic 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 logical_channel_section () { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 table_id 
                 8 
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 ′1′ 
                 1 
                 bslbf 
               
               
                   
                 private_indicator 
                 1 
                 bslbf 
               
               
                   
                 reserved 
                 2 
                 bslbf 
               
               
                   
                 private_section_length 
                 12  
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 table_id_extension 
                 16  
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 reserved 
                 2 
                 bsibf 
               
               
                   
                 version_number 
                 5 
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 current_next_indicator 
                 1 
                 bslbf 
               
               
                   
                 section_number 
                 8 
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 last_section_number 
                 8 
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 logical_channel_number 
                 32  
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 composite_channel_indicator 
                 1 
                 bslbf 
               
               
                   
                 reserved 
                 7 
                 bslbf 
               
               
                   
                 if (composite_channel_indicator==′0′ { 
               
               
                   
                   transport_stream id. 
                 16  
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                   program_number 
                 16  
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                 else { 
               
               
                   
                   home_channel 
                 32  
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                 CRC_32 
                 32  
                 rpchof 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 } 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The fields in the LCT  32  have similar definitions to those used for the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1). In particular, the following are standard MPEG-2 Systems Standards fields. The table_id is an 8-bit field, the value of which identifies the Private Table this section belongs to. The private_indicator is a 1 bit user definable flag, while the private_section_length is a 12-bit field which specifies the number of remaining bytes in the private section immediately following the private_section_length field. The table_id_extension is a 16-bit field defined by the user, while the version_number is a 5-bit field containing the version_number of the private_section. The version_number is incremented by 1 when a change in the information carried within the private_section occurs. Upon reaching value 31, it wraps around to 0. When the current_next_indicator is set to “0”, then the version_number is that of the next applicable private_section with the same table_id and section_number. The current_next_indicator is a 1-bit field, which when set to “1” indicates that the private section sent is currently applicable. When the current_next_indicator is set to “1”, then the version_number is that of the currently applicable private_section. When the bit is set to “0”, it indicates that the private_section sent is not yet applicable and will be the next private_section with the same section_number and table_id to become valid. The section_number is an 8-bit field which gives the number of the private_section. The section_number of the first section in a private table is 0x00. The section_number is incremented by 1 with each additional section in this private table. The last_section_number is an 8-bit field which specifies the number of the last section (that is, the section with the highest section_number) of the private table of which this section is a part. The CRC — 32 is a 32-bit field that contains the CRC value that gives a zero output of the registers in the decoder after processing the entire private section. 
     In accordance with the invention, additional fields are added to implement the logical channel and composite channel functions of the invention. In particular, the logical_channel_number is a 32-bit field which specifies the number of the logical channel, while the composite_channel_indicator is a 1-bit field, which when set to “1”, indicates that the section actually refers to a composite channel. When the composite_channel_indicator is set to “1”, the logical channel definition contains a home_channel field. However, when the composite_channel_indicator is set to “0”, the section describes a logical channel and contains the logical channel&#39;s transport stream ID and program number. The transport_stream_id (TSID) is a 16-bit field which defines the number of the transport stream carrying the logical channel. The TSID is used as a key to the Network Information Table (NIT)  36  to determine the frequency carrying the desired logical channel. The program_number (PN) is a 16-bit field which specifies the program (service) that carries the components of the desired logical channel. The PN is used as a key to the Program Associate Table (PAT)  38  to retrieve the PID on the specified transport stream that carries the Program Map Table (PMT)  40  defining the desired logical channel. Finally, the home_channel is a 32-bit field which defines the logical channel that is guaranteed to carry the Composite Channel Table (CCT)  34  associated with the specified composite channel. 
     Before accessing a service, a set top unit (STU) cannot determine whether the service is simple or composite. In either case, the STU first reads the LCT  32 . If a composite channel has been selected, the corresponding entry in the LCT  32  gives the “home channel” for the composite service. In accordance with the invention, the home channel is just a simple logical channel which carries the Composite Channel Table (CCT)  34  associated with the specified composite channel. The CCT  34  is then also carried in every transport stream in which one of the components of the composite channel are found. Thus, the STU can automatically monitor the CCT  34 . As will be described below with respect to FIGS. 3 and 4, when the definition of the selected composite channel in the CCT  34  changes, the decoder  10  can automatically re-tune to the new, “current logical channel”, thus acquiring the new service, without any action being taken by the user. 
     Preferably, the CCT  34  is transmitted as a simple logical channel but may also be transmitted on a predetermined PID of the transport stream of the home channel. In accordance with the invention, CCT  34  has the following CCT syntax definition in the syntax of the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1): 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Composite Channel Table Syntax Definition 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Syntax 
                 No. of Bits 
                 Mnemonic 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 composite_channel_section () { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 table_id 
                 8 
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 ′1′ 
                 1 
                 bslbf 
               
               
                   
                 private_indicator 
                 1 
                 bslbf 
               
               
                   
                 reserved 
                 2 
                 bslbf 
               
               
                   
                 private_section_length 
                 12  
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 table_id_extension 
                 16  
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 reserved 
                 2 
                 bslbf 
               
               
                   
                 version_number 
                 5 
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 current_next_indicator 
                 1 
                 bslbf 
               
               
                   
                 section_number 
                 8 
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 last_section_number 
                 8 
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 composite_channel_number 
                 32  
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 logical_channel_number 
                 32  
                 uimsbf 
               
               
                   
                 CRC_32 
                 32  
                 rpchof 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The fields in the CCT have the same definitions as those used above to define the LCT. However, composite_channel_number (CCN) and logical channel_number (LCN) fields are added. The CCN is a 32-bit field which specifies the number of the composite channel. The decoder  10  will use the LCN field in sections of LCT  32  with the composite channel_indicator bit set to “1”. The LCN, on the other hand, is a 32-bit field which specifies the number of the logical channel associated with the indicated composite channel. 
     Hence, once the subscriber selects the logical channel, the logical channel number is used as a key to LCT  32 . If the logical channel is not a composite channel, the TSID is used as a key to NIT  36  to determine the frequency to which decoder  10  tunes tuner  12 . The PAT is extracted from the transport stream at that frequency for PID=0 packets. The PN is used as a key to PAT  38  to extract the PID of the PMT  38 . The designated PIDs at the determined frequency are then gathered to obtain the PMT  40 . The PN is used as an input to PMT  40  to extract the elementary PIDs of the desired program as well as the PID of the Program Clock Reference (PCR). Finally, if encryption is used, a Conditional Access descriptor is also extracted from the PMT  40 . 
     However, if the selected logical channel is a composite channel, additional steps are necessary. The logical channel number is used to access the LCT  32  as before. This time, the composite_channel_indicator is set to “1.” Therefore, the home channel for that LCN is tuned by tuner  12  in order to extract the CCT  34  from predetermined PIDs of the home channel. The LCN is then used as the CCN to the CCT  34 . The current LCN is then read from the CCT and used to access the LCT  32 . The process then proceeds as before. The channel number in the composite channel is easily transitioned by changing the LCNs in the CCT  34  for the respective CCNs. This may be done without notifying the EPG service provider since the EPG  28  displays only the home LCN for the composite channel, which does not change. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible for a single logical channel to be a component of more than one composite channel simultaneously. For example, a single football game could be part of the “All Football Channel” and also part of the “Football Weekend” service. In this case, the composite channels may have the same home channel as well. 
     Operation of the invention will now be explained with respect to FIGS. 2-4 through examples illustrating the cooperation of the respective tables, including LCT  32  and CCT  34 . In each of the following examples, previous entitlement/authorization to the selected service is assumed. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which the logical channel number (LCN) is provided directly by the subscriber using the remote control unit  26  or provided by the Electronic Programming Guide (EPG)  28  in response to subscriber selection of the desired movie using the remote control unit  26 . 
     As illustrated in FIG. 2, the EPG  28  or remote control unit  26  provides the decoder  10  with the logical channel number (LCN) of the selected movie (program). In this case, the movie is Heidi, and the LCN is  182 . Since logical channel is not a composite channel (CCI=0), the decoder uses LCN  182  as a key for the LCT  32  and retrieves the MPEG Transport Stream ID (TSID) and the program number (PN) for the selected movie. As indicated in LCT  32  in FIG. 2, Heidi is being delivered on transport stream  50 , with a PN of  372 . 
     The decoder  10  then uses TSID  50  as a key to look up the frequency of the transport stream in Network Information Table (NIT)  36  which (in, for example, the cable case) is the 6/7/8 MHz slice of bandwidth carrying Heidi. As illustrated in NIT  36  in FIG. 2, TSID  50  is being carried at 584 MHz. The decoder  10  then instructs its tuner  12  to tune to 584 MHz. The decoder  10  then reads PID  0  packets to acquire the Program Association Table (PAT)  38  for transport stream  50 . Using PN  372  as a key, the decoder  10  retrieves from PAT  38  the PID on which the Program Map Table (PMT)  40  for the program is transmitted. As shown in FIG. 2, PMT  40  is delivered on PID  71  of transport stream  50 . 
     The decoder  10  then acquires PMT  40  for Heidi by reading packets with PID  71 . The decoder  10  then retrieves from the PMT  40  a list of stream types and PIDs for Heidi, the Program Clock Reference (PCR) PID for Heidi, and the Conditional Access (CA) descriptor for each elementary stream in the program. From the CA descriptor, the decoder  10  finds the PIDs of Entitlement Control Messages (ECMs) for use in decoding the transport stream. The decoder  10  now has all the information it requires to demultiplex and descramble the elementary components of Heidi at service component demultiplexer  16 . 
     FIG. 3 illustrates an example in which the subscriber selects Heidi Weekend from the EPG  28  using remote control unit  26 . Heidi Weekend is a composite service and has been designated in the LCT  32  as a composite channel by setting CCI=1. In accordance with the invention, it is also defined in CCT  34 . 
     As illustrated in FIG. 3, the EPG  28  provides the decoder  10  with the logical channel number (LCN) of the selected program. In this case, the program is Heidi Weekend, and the LCN is 182. The decoder  10  uses LCN  182  as a key for the LCT  32 . Because the Composite Channel Indicator (CCI) is set to “1” for this entry, the decoder  10  determines that Heidi Weekend (LCN  182 ) is a composite channel. The decoder  10  then tunes to the home channel (HC=178) specified for LCN  182 . Because the home channel is itself a logical channel, this is a multi-step operation. As shown in FIG. 3, the home channel for Heidi Weekend has an LCN=178, which is used as a key for LCT  32  for obtaining the transport stream ID. As shown in FIG. 3, LCN  178  has a TSID=48, which is used as a key to the Network Information Table (NIT)  36  to determine that the home channel has a frequency of 572 MHz. Decoder  10  then instructs its tuner  12  to tune to the home channel at 572 MHz. 
     Once it has acquired the home channel, the decoder  10  reads the Composite Channel Table (CCT)  34  sent on a predetermined PID of the transport stream transmitted at 572 MHz. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the decoder  10  uses LCN  182  as a key for the CCT  34  to determine the present logical channel mapping for Heidi Weekend, in this case, LCN=294. As noted above, the logical channel mapping of a composite channel varies over time and appears to the subscriber as a single channel even though the contents of numerous actual channels are provided. The status of the CCT  34  is checked by checking the version_number of CCT  34 . The decoder  10  then uses LCN  294  as a key for the LCT  32 , to retrieve the MPEG Transport Stream ID (TSID) and the program number (PN) for the current movie. The current component in Heidi Weekend is “Heidi Goes To School,” which, as shown in FIG. 3, is being delivered on transport stream  50 , with a PN of  372 . 
     The decoder  10  uses TSID  50  as a key to look up in the Network Information Table (NIT)  36  the frequency of the transport stream which (for example, in the cable case) is the 6/7/8 MHz slice of bandwidth carrying “Heidi Goes To School.” In this case, TSID  50  is being carried on frequency 584 MHz. The decoder  10  then instructs its tuner  12  to tune to 584 MHz. As shown in FIG. 3, the decoder  10  then reads PID  0  packets to acquire the transport stream&#39;s Program Association Table (PAT)  38 . Using PN  372  as a key, the decoder  10  retrieves from the PAT  38  the PID on which the Program Map Table (PMT)  40  for the program is transmitted. In this case, PMT  40  is delivered on PID  71  of transport stream  50  at 584 MHz. 
     As shown in FIG. 3, the decoder  10  then acquires the PMT  40  for “Heidi Goes To School” by reading packets with PID  71 . The decoder  10  then retrieves from the PMT  40  a list of stream types and PIDs for the program, the Program Clock Reference (PCR) PID for the program, and the Conditional Access (CA) descriptor for each elementary stream in the program. From the CA descriptor, the decoder  10  finds the PIDs of Entitlement Control Messages (ECMs) for use in decoding the transport stream. The decoder  10  now has all the information it requires to demultiplex and descramble the elementary components of “Heidi Goes To School” at service component demultiplexer  16 . 
     At the end of “Heidi Goes To School,” the decoder  10  must then tune to the next program in the Heidi Weekend composite channel. Decoder  10  transitions to the next program in a manner invisible to the subscriber by identifying when the version_number of the CCT  34  changes and repeating the following steps of the tuning process. 
     As shown in FIG. 4, a change in the version_number of the CCT  34  from “1” to “2” causes the decoder  10  to determine that the mapping (which was LCN  294 ) has changed to LCN  194 . The decoder  10  now uses LCN  194  as a key for the LCT  32  to retrieve the MPEG Transport Stream ID (TSID) and the program number (PN) for the selected movie. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the next installment in Heidi Weekend is “Heidi Goes On Holiday,” which is being delivered on transport stream  75 , with a PN of  14 . The decoder  10  then uses TSID  75  as a key to look up in the Network Information Table (NIT)  36  the frequency of the transport stream with TSID  75 . As illustrated in FIG. 4, TSID  75  is being carried at 376 MHz. The decoder  10  then instructs its tuner  12  to tune to 376 MHz. The decoder  10  then reads PID  0  packets to acquire the transport stream&#39;s Program Association Table (PAT)  38 . Using PN  14  as a key, the decoder  10  retrieves from the PAT  38  the PID on which the Program Map Table (PMT)  40  for “Heidi Goes On Holiday” is transmitted. In this case, the PMT  40  is delivered on PID  71 . 
     The decoder  10  then acquires the PMT  40  for “Heidi Goes On Holiday” by reading packets with PID  71 . The decoder  10  retrieves from the PMT  40  a list of stream types and PIDs for the program, the PCR PID for the program, and the Conditional Access (CA) descriptor for each elementary stream in the program. From the CA descriptor, the decoder  10  finds the PIDs of Entitlement Control Messages (ECMs) for use in decoding the transport stream. The decoder  10  now has all the information it requires to demultiplex and descramble the elementary components of “Heidi Goes On Holiday” at service component demultiplexer  16 . 
     Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications to the invention are possible within the scope of the invention. For example, the techniques described herein are not limited to the provision of video services information or to the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1). Other types of digital information services such as CD-ROM libraries, digital audio, interactive video games (user to user), long distance learning and the like, may be accessed using the packet based digital networking techniques available under the MPEG-2 Systems Standard (ISO/IEC 13818-1) or some other multiplexed data transmission standard in which different services with different program IDs (PIDs) are sent via different channels to different users connected to a digital network adapted to carry compressed video packets, ATM information, and the like. The acquired data may be displayed on a television, broadcast over a stereo system, displayed on a CRT, or presented to the requester in some other known manner. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited by the preferred embodiment described above but only by the appended claims.