Patent Publication Number: US-2021189709-A1

Title: Toilet with efficient water flow path

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/696,880, filed Jul. 12, 2018. The entire disclosure of the foregoing application is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present application relates generally to toilets. More specifically, the present application relates to tankless toilets that use a siphon effect to produce a flushing action without requiring the use of a pump or pressure vessel. Additionally, the present application relates to toilets having efficient water flow paths and hybrid flush engines, which utilize water supplied to different portions of the toilet from each of a tank and line pressure. 
     In a conventional toilet, a water inlet passage connects a tank to both a rim and a sump for introducing water to the bowl during a flush sequence. A trapway extends downstream from the sump for evacuating the contents from the bowl. In the conventional toilet, the water inlet passage and the trapway each include a plurality of inflection points. It should be understood that an inflection point in a conduit carrying fluid causes the fluid to change direction, which in turn generates turbulence and increases resistance in the flow. Further, as fluid flows through a conduit such as the inlet passage or the trapway, contact with the surface of the conduit causes skin friction (i.e., boundary layer drag), resulting in energy loss in the fluid. As a result, additional water is required during a flush sequence to overcome the energy loss due to the formation of turbulence and friction losses as water flows through the inlet passage and trapway of a toilet. 
     A conventional residential toilet also includes a tank, which provides water to both the rim and the sump through the water inlet passage. Water is supplied to the tank from a water supply line to refill the tank. This configuration makes it difficult to design a toilet to ensure that there is sufficient water to cause a siphon to form in the trapway while reserving enough water for effective wash-down of the toilet bowl to remove any remaining residue. 
     It would therefore be advantageous to provide a toilet that reduces the overall length of the inlet passage and trapway as well as the number of turns in each of the inlet passage and trapway in order to reduce the volume of water required to effectively flush the toilet. It would further be advantageous to provide a toilet with a hybrid flush engine, which provides water to each of the rim and the sump with separate structure and supplies, such that one of the rim and the sump is supplied with water from the tank at a pressure different than line pressure, while the other of the rim and the sump is supplied by water at line pressure. 
     SUMMARY 
     At least one embodiment relates to a tankless toilet. The tankless toilet includes a bowl including a sump at a lower portion of the bowl. A zeta shaped trapway extends from the sump to a drain. A trapway supply conduit is coupled to, and in fluid communication with, the trapway at a substantially tangent interface. The trapway supply conduit is configured to receive a flow of water from a household water supply source at a household supply line pressure and to direct the flow of water into the trapway downstream of the sump to prime a siphon within the trapway. 
     Another embodiment relates to a toilet having a water supply passage, including an inlet passage, a sump channel, and a trapway. The water supply passage includes two turns in a vertical direction. 
     Another embodiment relates to a toilet with a hybrid flush engine, including a tank fluidly connected to a sump at a lower end of a bowl and a rim water supply line configured to supply line-pressure water directly to a rim channel formed at an upper end of the bowl. 
     Another embodiment relates to a toilet with a hybrid flush engine, including a tank fluidly connected to a rim channel at an upper end of a bowl and a sump water supply line configured to supply line-pressure water directly to a sump formed at a lower end of the bowl. 
     Another embodiment relates to a tank assembly, including a tank having an outer surface and a flush handle having an outer surface. The tank and the flush handle form one continuous outer surface when the flush handle is depressed. 
     Another embodiment relates to a toilet having a rim with at least one rim outlet. The rim outlet outputs a stream of water to the bowl providing at least one of an oscillating flow pattern, a pulsating flow pattern, or an expanding sheet flow pattern. 
     At least one embodiment relates to a toilet that includes a base and a tank. The base includes a bowl, a rim disposed on the bowl and having a rim channel configured to provide a first supply of water at a line pressure to the bowl through at least one rim outlet for washing an inside of the bowl during a flush sequence, a sump disposed at and fluidly coupled to a bottom of the bowl, a sump channel fluidly connecting the sump to an inlet opening of the base, and a trapway fluidly connecting the sump to an outlet of the base. The tank is fluidly connected to the inlet opening of the base, and the tank is configured to provide a second supply of water at a pressure that is different than the line pressure directly to the sump through the sump channel during the flush sequence to form a siphon in the trapway. 
     At least one embodiment relates to a tankless toilet having a bowl, a trapway, and a trapway supply conduit. The bowl has a sump in a bottom thereof. The trapway fluidly connects the sump to an outlet of the tankless toilet. The trapway has a zeta shape and is configured to induce a siphon to provide a pressure to suction waste water (e.g., water with waste, water, etc.) from the bowl during a flush cycle. The trapway supply conduit fluidly connects to the trapway in an orientation such that a line of the trapway supply conduit is tangent to a line of the upleg region of the trapway within ±15° and the trapway supply conduit is configured to supply water to the trapway that follows a contour of an inner surface of the trapway supply conduit and continues in the same direction within ±15° into the upleg region of the trapway by relying on a fluid flow to follow the curve of a convex surface placed proximate to the fluid flow. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a tankless toilet according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a partial side view of a tankless toilet according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a partial perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a trapway for a tankless toilet. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates water usage data of two different toilet trapway designs. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a tankless toilet according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of a tankless toilet according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a flush sequence for a tankless toilet. 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of a conventional toilet according to the prior art. 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of a toilet with a low-volume flush according to an exemplary embodiment of this application. 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective cross-sectional view of the toilet shown in  FIG. 9 . 
         FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of a toilet with a hybrid flush engine according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional view of a toilet with a hybrid flush engine according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a portion of a toilet tank with a flush handle according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 14  is a top cross-sectional view of the tank of  FIG. 13  with the handle in a first position. 
         FIG. 15  is a top cross-sectional view of the tank of  FIG. 13  with the handle in a second position. 
         FIG. 16  is a top view of a toilet with rim outlets according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 17  is a schematic showing an example of a sheet flow pattern. 
         FIG. 18  is a schematic showing an example of an oscillation flow pattern. 
         FIG. 19  is a schematic showing an example of a pulse flow pattern. 
         FIG. 20  is a perspective view of a toilet with fluidic devices according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 21  is a perspective view of a fluidic assembly according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 22  is a perspective view of a toilet with a multi-flush handle according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 23  shows a flow diagram of a control system for a toilet with a multi-flush handle. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Generally speaking, a toilet may rely on a siphon effect to induce a flushing action. These toilets typically require the use of a tank or reservoir, which holds a predetermined supply of water and is positioned above the toilet bowl. When a flush is activated, water flows from the tank due to gravity and is led through internal passages provided in the bowl to both rinse the inner surface of the bowl and prime the bowl for siphoning. A jet located in the sump of the bowl primes the siphon by delivering the water from the tank into the sump and a trapway, which provides the necessary suction for evacuating the bowl once the siphon action (e.g., siphoning) is induced. After completion of the flush, the tank is refilled and the sump is filled with additional water to seal the trapway. In these gravity-based designs, a high flow rate of water from the tank into the trapway is necessary to provide sufficient priming for the siphon. For example, typical sump jets need to deliver about 20 to 25 gallons per minute of water into the trapway to prime the siphon. Due to recent trends toward water conservation, however, the significant amount of water usage of these gravity-based designs is undesirable. 
     In other applications (e.g., commercial use, residential use), a toilet may be provided without a tank (e.g., a “tankless” toilet). These toilet designs typically forego the siphon effect used by gravity-driven toilets and instead incorporate pumps, valves, and/or higher line pressures to produce the necessary flow rate for a flush. In some tankless toilet designs for residential applications, the toilet is connected to the supply line with a relatively large diameter pipe (e.g., about 0.5 inches), but these toilets generally require a high supply line pressure (e.g., about 45 to 50 psi) to effectively remove waste from the bowl. Moreover, these toilets rely on a blow-out action, rather than a siphon effect, to evacuate the bowl. In addition, many residential supply lines are configured to produce lower pressures, some as low as 30 psi, which is insufficient for many of these tankless designs. Additionally, most of these conventional toilet designs include a trapway disposed below the bowl of the toilet for directing waste to a drain. These trapways typically extend rearward from the toilet bowl, then snake downward and forward to an outlet (see  FIG. 11 ), and can enlarge the overall footprint of the toilet. As a result, many of these toilets require a significant amount of space for installation. In addition, these toilets have limited design flexibility due to the large trapway extending from the bowl. 
     Referring generally to the FIGURES, disclosed herein are several examples of both tankless and tanked toilets. One such tankless toilet utilizes a siphon effect to produce a flushing action without requiring the use of a pump or pressure vessel. According to an exemplary embodiment, the tankless toilet is fluidly connected to a household water supply line, which can provide a flow rate of water at pressures as low as 30 psi. The tankless toilet may also be connected to a gravity based water source, such as a tank located in a wall of a building above the toilet. The tankless toilet(s) described herein can increase the flow rate of water in at least one of the trapway and the sump of the toilet to a flow rate comparable to a conventional gravity-based design (e.g., about 20-25 gpm) to initiate the siphon effect (e.g., prime the siphon, initiate siphoning, etc.). Thus, the tankless toilet may be used with existing residential plumbing with minimal added equipment and needed installation. Moreover, the toilet includes a unique trapway design that provides for a more efficient package, as compared to conventional tankless toilets, thereby providing flexibility for installation in compact settings while increasing aesthetic freedom for the toilet design. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a tankless toilet  10  according to an exemplary embodiment. The toilet  10  includes a bowl  10   a  surrounded by a rim  10   b.  Located at the bottom of the bowl  10   a  is a sump  10   c,  which houses a predetermined volume of water to seal a trapway  17  that is configured to induce a siphon effect to provide pressure to suction waste water from the bowl  10   a  when a flush is activated. A trapway supply conduit  14 , described in more detail below, is coupled to and in fluid communication with the trapway  17 . In addition, a jet  16 , described in more detail below, is coupled to and in fluid communication with the sump  10   c . The trapway supply conduit  14  and the jet  16  can, advantageously, increase the flow rate of water in the trapway  17  and the sump  10   c,  respectively, to a flow rate comparable to a conventional gravity-based design to initiate a siphon effect. 
     Also shown in  FIG. 1 , water is supplied to the tankless toilet  10  through a flush supply conduit  12  and a rim supply conduit  13  that are each connected to a main supply conduit  11 , such as a normal household water supply line that supplies water at a pressure of about  30  psi from a household water supply source  19 . The flush supply conduit  12  branches off into a trapway supply conduit  14 , which is configured to direct water to the trapway  17 , and a sump supply conduit  15 , which is configured to direct water to the sump  10   c.  As shown in  FIG. 1 , the main supply conduit  11  branches at a T-connector (e.g., a connector having a T-shape) to the flush supply conduit  12  and the rim supply conduit  13 . It should be appreciated that the T-connector is not required, and is dependent upon the particular valve design used to control the flow of water between the flush supply conduit  12  and the rim supply conduit  13 . For example, the flush supply conduit  12  and the rim supply conduit  13  can both utilize a single valve for controlling flow to the rim jets  13   b,  the sump jet  16 , and the trapway  17 . The rim supply conduit  13  is configured to supply water to the rim  10   b , which allows water to flow along an inner surface of the bowl  10   a  through, for example, one or more rim jets  13   b  located at an underside of the rim  10   b.  According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the rim jet  13   b  may have any appropriate cross-sectional shape, such as circular, oval, or any other shape. According to an exemplary embodiment, the rim jet  13   b  is configured to provide a flow of water in the form of a sheet-like layer or laminar flow substantially tangent to the inner surface of the bowl  10   a.  In this manner, the rim jet  13   b  can reduce splashing in the bowl and can permit higher flow rates to clean the inner surface of the bowl, as compared to conventional tankless toilet designs. 
     Still referring to the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , the flush supply conduit  12  includes a trapway valve  12   a  and a sump valve  12   b  for controlling the flow of water from the main supply conduit  11  to the trapway supply conduit  14  and the sump supply conduit  15 , respectively. Similarly, the rim supply conduit  13  is connected to a rim valve  13   a,  which controls the flow of water from the main supply conduit  11  to the rim supply conduit  13 . According to one or more other embodiments, a single multi-port valve is used to control water flow to the trapway supply conduit  14 , the sump supply conduit  15 , and the rim supply conduit  13 . The valve may be electronically controlled by a controller, which may be configured to open and close the valve after predetermined time intervals (see below with reference to  FIG. 7 ). The valve may be opened and closed intermittently to selectively direct water to the trapway  17 , the sump  10   a,  and the rim  10   b,  respectively, so as to prime the trapway and to help to move media through the toilet. 
     For example, referring to the multi-stage flush process  700  illustrated in  FIG. 7 , once a flush (e.g., flush cycle) is activated by a user using an activation mechanism such as a handle or a button, the controller opens the rim valve  13   a  to supply water to the rim supply conduit  13  and the rim  10   b . Through the one or more rim jets  13   b,  water flows from the underside of the rim  10   b  as a sheet-like layer along the inner surface of the bowl  10   a  to rinse and clean the bowl  10   a  of debris during a first predetermined time interval  710 . The rim jets  13   b  are further configured to refill the bowl after the flush cycle is completed (i.e., after a third predetermined time interval discussed below). According to an exemplary embodiment, the rim valve  13   a  is configured to allow the full pressure and flow from the household supply source  19  through the rim jet  13   b.    
     After the first predetermined time interval, the controller closes the rim valve  13   a  and opens the trapway valve  12   a  to allow water to flow to the trapway supply conduit  14 . The water flowing through the trapway supply conduit  14  is introduced into the trapway  17  for a second predetermined time interval  720  (e.g., about one second). The trapway  17  has a unique structural configuration that can, advantageously, amplify the flow rate of water in the trapway  17  to help to prime the siphon and evacuate the bowl  10   a  in response to receiving the flow of water from the trapway supply conduit  14 , the details of which are discussed in the paragraphs that follow. After the second predetermined time interval, the trapway valve  12   a  closes and the sump valve  12   b  opens to allow water to flow to the sump supply conduit  15  for a third predetermined time interval  730  (e.g., about 2-3 seconds). The water flowing through the sump supply conduit  15  is introduced into the sump  10   c  by the jet  16 , which can rapidly diffuse the water from the sump supply conduit  15  and accelerate/mix the water and waste material contained in the sump  10   c  to further help to induce the siphon. After the third predetermined time interval, the rim valve  13   a  can then be re-opened to control a flow of water through the rim supply conduit  13  to the rim jet  13   b  to refill the bowl  10   a  during a fourth predetermined time interval  740 . 
     in this manner, the trapway supply conduit  14  and the jet  16  can, advantageously, function to achieve the necessary flow rate of water (e.g., about 20-25 gpm) to prime the siphon and evacuate the bowl  10   a  of waste water toward an outlet  18  using a flow of water from a household supply source having a low supply line pressure (e.g., about 30 psi, etc.). According to one or more embodiments, the jet  16  can have a configuration that is the same as or similar to any one of, or a combination of, the jets described in Applicant&#39;s related U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/414,576, titled “LINE PRESSURE-DRIVEN TANKLESS, SIPHONIC TOILET,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
     According to another exemplary embodiment, the sump valve  12   b  is opened simultaneously with the trapway supply conduit  14  at the start of the second predetermined time interval. According to another exemplary embodiment, the sump valve  12   b  is not opened if the contents in the bowl  10   a  are only liquids (e.g., urine, etc.). In this situation, only the trapway valve  12   a  is opened to prime the siphon in the trapway  17 . However, if the bowl  10   a  includes solid materials (e.g., waste, toilet paper, etc.), then the trapway valve  12   a  and the sump valve  12   b  can both be operated. In this way, the tankless toilet  10  can function as a “dual-flush” toilet to provide for further control over water usage depending on the contents of the bowl  10   a.    
       FIG. 2  illustrates a tankless toilet  20  according to another exemplary embodiment. The tankless toilet  20  is shown without a sump supply conduit or a jet, as compared to the tankless toilet  10  of  FIG. 1 . The tankless toilet  20 , however, includes a trapway  21  having a similar configuration and design as the trapway  17  of the tankless toilet  10 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the trapway  21  has a zeta (e.g., lowercase Greek letter) shaped design that wraps or loops partially around and closely follows the contour of a rear outer surface of a bowl  20   a  of the tankless toilet  20  to reduce the front-to-rear length of the toilet and provide for a more compact and efficient footprint. As utilized herein, the term “zeta shaped trapway” (or “zeta” in reference to a trapway) indicates a trapway including a first region  21   a  that extends outwardly away from a sump  20   c  of the tankless toilet  20 , a second region  21   b  that curves upwardly from the first region  21   a  (e.g., toward the bowl  20   a ), a third region  21   c  that curves or loops partially around from the second region  21   b  back toward the sump  20   c  and downward along a side of the first region  21   a,  and a fourth region  21   d  that extends downward from the third region  21   c  past a side of the first region  21   a  (e.g., toward a drain of the tankless toilet  20 ). In this way, the first region  21   a,  the second region  21   b,  the third region  21   c,  and the fourth region  21   d  cooperatively define a trapway  21  having a generally zeta-shaped configuration that, advantageously, reduces the front-to-rear length of the toilet to provide for a more compact and efficient design, as compared to conventional toilet trapway designs. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 2 , a trapway supply conduit  22  is coupled to and in fluid communication with the trapway  21  at the second region  21   b.  As shown in  FIG. 2 , the trapway supply conduit  22  extends generally downward and loops partially around back toward the second region  21   b  of the trapway  21  in the direction of the trapway  21 , such that the trapway supply conduit  22  is fluidly connected to the trapway  21  in an orientation such that a line of the trapway supply conduit  22  is tangent to a line of the upleg region of the trapway  17  within ±15° (e.g., at an interface  22   a  of the second region  21   b ). More preferably, the line of the trapway supply conduit is tangent to the line of the upleg region of the trapway within ±10° for desired performance, whereas ±15° (e.g., from 10° to 15° either side of nominally tangent) provides a reduced, but acceptable performance. By way of example, the line of the trapway supply conduit can be a centerline  24  or a line that follows the contour of an outer surface  26  or an inner surface and the line of the trapway can be a centerline  25  or a line that follows the contour of an outer surface  27  or an inner surface. The trapway supply conduit  22  is coupled to, or integrally formed with, the second region  21   b  at the interface  22   a . According to other exemplary embodiments, the trapway supply conduit  22  interfaces with a different region of the trapway  21  that is downstream of the sump  20   c,  such as the first region  21   a  or the third region  21   c.  The first region  21   a,  the second region  21   b,  and the third region  21   c  cooperatively define an upleg region of the trapway  21 . A flow of water  23 ′ from a household water supply source  2 . 3  can enter the second region  21   b  of the trapway  21  through the trapway supply conduit  22  at the interface  22   a  via a valve (e.g., sump valve  12   b , etc.). The tangential orientation of interface  22   a  between the trapway supply conduit  22  and the second region  21   b  within ±15° (or more preferably ±10°) advantageously, allows for water flowing in the trapway supply conduit  22  to follow the contour of the inner surface of the conduit  22  and continue in substantially the same direction into the second region  21   b  by relying on the Coanda effect. In this way, the flow of water  23 ′ can substantially follow the direction of flow within the trapway  21  from the bowl  20   a  to amplify the flow rate of water in the trapway  21  to help to prime the siphon and evacuate the bowl  20   a.    
     For example, as shown in  FIG. 2 , when a flush is initiated, a flow of water  23 ′ from a household water supply source  23  is introduced into the trapway supply conduit  22  (e.g., via a control signal received by a valve from a controller, etc.). The flow of water  23 ′ flows through the trapway supply conduit  22  and continues to follow the shape and contour of the supply conduit through the interface  22   a  and into the second region  21   b  by relying on the Coanda effect. That is to say, the flow of water  23 ′ attaches itself to the inner surface of the trapway supply conduit  22  and remains attached even when the inner surface curves away from the initial direction of the flow of water  23 ′ at the interface  22   a  and through the second region  21   b.  In this manner, the flow of water  23 ° can amplify and entrain water  20 ′ that is present in the trapway  21  to help to prime the siphon of the tankless toilet  20 . 
       FIG. 3  shows a tankless toilet  30  according to another exemplary embodiment. The tankless toilet  30  has a trapway  31  having an identical zeta shape as the trapway  17  of the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , but without a sump supply conduit or sump jet.  FIG. 3  is a rear perspective view of the toilet  30  that illustrates the general shape of, and flow directions through, the trapway  31 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , a trapway supply conduit  32  extends from a household water supply source  33  to a substantially tangent interface at a portion of the trapway  31  located downstream of a sump  30   c  of the toilet  30 . The trapway supply conduit  32  can provide a flow of water  33 ′ from the household water supply source  33  at a low household supply pressure about 30 psi) to the trapway  31 . The flow of water  33 ′ from the trapway supply conduit  32  can, advantageously, increase the velocity and entrain water  30 ′ that is present in the trapway  31  when a flush is initiated. In this way, the trapway supply conduit  32  can help to prime the siphon and evacuate the bowl  30   a  through an outlet  35 .  FIG. 3  also shows, as an alternative embodiment to the trapway supply conduit  32 , the trapway supply conduit  22  at the location shown in  FIG. 2 . Thus, a toilet can include a supply conduit that couples to the trapway at different locations and has different configurations. The trapway supply conduit  22  connects to the trapway  31  at an interface  22   a  be a tangential orientation. Additionally,  FIG. 3  shows the pattern of flow velocity  29  within the trapway  31  (see the cross-sectional circle in the trapway having different length arrows), and the center point  28  within the trapway  31  in which the flow velocity is maximized. In addition, as shown in  FIG. 3 , the zeta shape of the trapway  31  provides for a more compact and efficient design of the toilet  30  by reducing the front to rear length of the toilet  30 , thereby allowing for more design flexibility and installation options, as compared to conventional toilet trapway designs. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates water usage data for the tankless toilet  30  shown in  FIG. 3 , according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 4  at screenshot  40   a,  the total water usage of the trapway supply conduit  32  to prime the siphon is about 0.07 gallons, which is sufficient to induce a siphonic effect to flush fluids from the bowl  30   a,  such as urine. Screenshot  40   b  illustrates the total water usage for an entire flush cycle of the tankless toilet  30 , which is about 0.72 gallons. This water usage is significantly less than conventional gravity-driven or pressure fed toilets. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a tankless toilet  50  according to another exemplary embodiment. The tankless toilet  50  uses a gravity fed water source to help to prime a siphon in the trapway. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the tankless toilet  50  includes a bowl  50   a  surrounded by a rich  50   b  along an upper portion of the bowl. The tankless toilet  50  further includes a sump  50   c  located at a bottom portion of the toilet. A trapway  55  extends from a front portion of the sump  50   c  at an interface  55   a  and loops partially around a front portion of the bowl  50   a  and downward adjacent a side portion of the bowl  50   a  toward an outlet  56  to define a generally zeta-shape. Similar to the embodiments of  FIGS. 1-3 , the trapway  55  has a zeta shape that significantly reduces the front-to-rear length of the toilet, so as to provide for a more compact and efficient design footprint. The tankless toilet  50  further includes a rim supply conduit  58  in fluid communication with a household water supply source  59 , which is configured to provide a flow of water to the rim supply conduit  58  at a household supply line pressure. The rim supply conduit  58  is coupled to, and in fluid communication with, a rim jet  54 . The rim jet  54  is configurable the same as the rim jet  13   b  of  FIG. 1 . 
     Still referring to  FIG. 5 , a main conduit  51  is in fluid communication with a water source  57 , which is configured to provide a flow of water to the main conduit  51  via only gravity. According to an exemplary embodiment, the water source  57  is a tank contained in a wall of a building. According to another exemplary embodiment, the water source  57  is a traditional water tank located above the base or pedestal of the toilet  50 . The main conduit  51  splits off into a sump supply conduit  52  and a trapway supply conduit  53 . The sump supply conduit  52  is coupled to and in fluid communication with the sump  50   c  at an interface  52   a  located at a rear portion of the sump  50   c.  The trapway supply conduit  53  is coupled to and in fluid communication with the trapway  55  at an interface  53   a  that is substantially tangent to the trapway  55  located downstream of the sump  50   c,  similar to the trapway configurations shown in  FIGS. 1-3 . According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the main conduit  51 , the sump supply conduit  52 , the trapway supply conduit  53 , and the rim supply conduit  58  includes a valve for controlling a flow of water from the water sources  57  and  59  to the sump  50   c,  the trapway  55 , and the rim  50   b,  respectively. The valve may be electronically controlled via a controller to selectively and intermittently control water flow to the sump  50   c,  trapway  55 , and the rim  50   b,  as illustrated in the exemplary flush sequence of  FIG. 7 . In this manner, the sump supply conduit  52 , the trapway supply conduit  53 , and the rim supply conduit  58  can amplify the flow rate of water in the sump  50   c  and the trapway  55  to prime the siphon and evacuate the bowl  50   a  of its contents. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a tankless toilet  60  according to another exemplary embodiment. The tankless toilet  60  includes a bowl  60   a  surrounded by a rim  60   b  along an upper portion of the bowl. The tankless toilet  60  further includes a sump  60   c  located at a bottom portion of the toilet. A trapway  63  extends from a front portion of the sump  60   c  at an interface  63   a  and loops around a front portion of the bowl  60   a  and downward adjacent a side portion of the bowl  60   a  toward an outlet  67 . Similar to the embodiments of  FIG. 5 , the trapway  63  has a zeta shape that significantly reduces the front-to-rear length of the toilet to provide for a more compact and efficient design footprint. The tankless toilet  60  further includes a rim supply conduit  68  in fluid communication with a household water supply source  65 , which is configured to provide a flow of water to the rim supply conduit  68  at a household supply line pressure. The rim supply conduit  68  is coupled to, and in fluid communication with, a rim jet  69 . According to an exemplary embodiment, the rim jet  69  is configured the same as the rim jet  13   b  of  FIG. 1 . 
     Still referring to  FIG. 6 , a sump supply conduit  61  is in fluid communication with water source  64 , which is configured to provide a flow of water via only gravity to the sump  60   c  at an interface  61   a  located at a rear portion of the sump  60   c.  A trapway supply conduit  62  is in fluid communication with a household water supply source  66 , which is configured to provide a flow of water at a low household supply line pressure (e.g., about 30 psi) to the trapway  63  at an interface  62   a  that is substantially tangent to the trapway  63  located downstream of the sump  60   c,  similar to the trapway configurations shown in  FIGS. 1-3 and 5 . According to another exemplary embodiment, the trapway supply conduit  62  is in fluid communication with a different water source, such as water source  64  that is configured to provide a flow of water via only gravity. According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the sump supply conduit  61 , the trapway supply conduit  62 , or the rim supply conduit  68  includes one or more valves for controlling a flow of water from the water supply sources  64 ,  65 , and  66  to the sump  60   c,  the trapway  63 , and the rim  60   b,  respectively. The one or more valves may be electronically controlled via a controller to selectively and intermittently control water flow to the sump  60   c,  the trapway  55 , and the rim  60   b,  as illustrated in the exemplary flush sequence of  FIG. 7 . In this manner, the sump supply conduit  61 , the trapway supply conduit  62 , and the rim supply conduit  68  can amplify the flow rate of water in the sump  60   c,  the trapway  63 , and the bowl  60   a  to prime the siphon and evacuate the bowl  60   a  of its contents. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a conventional toilet  10  (i.e., a toilet assembly) according to prior art. The toilet  10  includes a pedestal  12  with a bowl  14  formed therein. The bowl  14  includes a rim  16  at an upper end  18  thereof and a sump  20  at a lower end  22  of the bowl  14 . A trapway  24  extends downstream from the sump  20  and includes an up-leg  26  and a down-leg  28  extending directly downstream from the up-leg  26 , forming a weir  30  between the up-leg  26  and the down-leg  28 . A trapway outlet  31  is defined at a downstream end of the trapway  24 , and the trapway  24  shown in  FIG. 8  includes an extension leg  32 , which extends downstream from the down-leg  28  to the trapway outlet  31 . The trapway outlet  31  may be disposed in a central portion of the pedestal  12  and aligned with a drain opening in a floor of a bathroom. 
     The toilet  10  further includes a tank  34  disposed on the pedestal  12  and a flush valve  36  (i.e., flush canister) disposed in the tank  34  and extending downward through a lower surface  38  of the tank  34  into an inlet passage  40  formed in the pedestal  12 . During the operation of a flush sequence, the flush valve  36  releases water into the inlet passage  40  through an inlet opening  42  at an upstream end of the inlet passage  40  for flushing the toilet  10 . The pedestal  12  further includes a rim channel  44  extending downstream from the inlet passage  40  and configured to provide water from the inlet passage  40  to the bowl  14  through the rim  16 . The pedestal  12  also includes a sump channel  46  extending downstream from the inlet passage  40  and fluidly connecting the inlet passage  40  to the sump  20 , providing water thereto from the inlet passage  40 . 
     In the conventional toilet  10  shown in  FIG. 8 , when water is introduced to the inlet passage  40 , it first passes through an elbow  48  in the inlet passage  40 . The water then passes through a plurality of turns  50  in the inlet passage, the sump channel  46 , the sump  20 , and the trapway  24 . It should be understood that at each of the turns  50 , water in the toilet  10  changes rotational direction, which increases turbulence and, therefore, resistance in the flow, thereby reducing operational efficiency of the toilet  10 . As shown in  FIG. 8 , a first turn  50  is formed downstream from the elbow  48  and upstream from the sump channel  46 . A second turn  50  is formed in the inlet passage  40 , directing the flow of water downward in the direction of a forward end  52  of the toilet  10  and toward the sump  20 . A third turn  50  is formed in the sump channel  46 , directing the flow of water in the direction of a rear end  54  of the toilet  10  toward the sump  20 . A fourth turn  50  is formed as the water flows through the up-leg  26  from the sump  20 , a fifth turn  50  is formed at the weir  30 , and a sixth turn  50  is formed where the extension leg  32  extends from the down-leg  28 , redirecting the flow from a downward direction toward the trapway outlet  31 . A final seventh turn  50  is formed in the extension leg  32  proximate the trapway outlet  31 , redirecting waste and water in a downward direction. Due to the number of turns  50  in the toilet  10 , the total length of the water flow path between the inlet opening  42  and the trapway outlet  31 , including the inlet passage  40 , the sump channel  46 , the sump  20 , and the trapway  24  may be at least approximately 56 inches. It should be further understood that the total length of the water flow path corresponds directly with the skin friction acting on the water, and a longer length increases resistance in the toilet  10  and therefore requires a larger water volume to have the same flush force as a toilet having a shorter length flow path with fewer turns. 
       FIGS. 9 and 10  illustrate a toilet  100  with high-efficiency and low water volume use is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The toilet  100  includes a pedestal  102  with a bowl  104  formed therein. The bowl  104  includes a rim  106  at an upper end  108  thereof and a sump  110  at a lower end  112  of the bowl  104 . The toilet  100  further includes a tank  114  disposed on the pedestal  102  and a flush valve  116  (i.e., flush canister) disposed in the tank  114  and extending downward through a lower surface  118  of the tank  114  into an inlet passage  120  formed in the pedestal  102 . During the operation of a flush sequence, the flush valve  116  releases water into the inlet passage  120  through an inlet opening  122  at an upstream end of the inlet passage  120  for flushing the toilet  100 . 
     The pedestal  102  further includes a rim channel  124  extending downstream from the inlet passage  120  and configured to provide water from the inlet passage  120  to the bowl  104  through the rim  106 . The pedestal  102  also includes a sump channel  126  extending downstream from the inlet passage  120  and fluidly connecting the inlet passage  120  to the sump  110 , providing water thereto from the inlet passage  120 . 
     In the configuration shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the pedestal  102  defines a forward end  128  and an opposing rear end  130 , an upper surface  132  and an opposing lower surface  134 , and a first side  136  and an opposing second side  138 . The first side  136  is shown as a right side of the toilet  100  from the perspective of a user seated on the pedestal  102  and the second side  138  is shown as a left side of the toilet  100 . However, it should be understood that the configuration of the toilet  100  may be flipped laterally, such that the first side  136  refers to the left side of the toilet  100  and the second side  138  refers to the right side of the toilet  100 . The bowl  104  defines an inner surface  140  configured to receive waste and water, and an opposing outer surface  142 , which is concealed within the pedestal  102 . Specifically, the bowl  104  includes a bowl rear portion  144 , which faces the rear end  130  of the pedestal  102 . For example, the bowl rear portion  144  may include a rearmost end of the bowl  104 . The sump channel  126  is disposed directly on the outer surface  142  of the bowl  104  proximate or at the bowl rear portion  144 . According to an exemplary embodiment, the sump channel  126  is integrally formed with the bowl  104 , such that the bowl rear portion  144  forms a portion of the sump channel  126 , enclosing water within the sump channel  126 . As water is supplied to the sump channel  126  from the inlet passage  120 , the water flows downwardly on an angle in the sump channel  126  from the inlet passage  120  toward the sump  110 . For example, the sump channel  126  extends downstream in a direction from the rear end  130  of the pedestal  102  toward the forward end  128  and in the direction from the upper surface  132  toward the lower surface  134 . In this configuration, the sump channel  126  follows the curvature of the outer surface  142  of the bowl  104 . 
     When water is introduced through the inlet opening  122  to the inlet passage  120 , it first passes through an elbow  146  in the inlet passage  120 . It should be understood that the combined structure of the inlet passage  120  and the sump channel  1 . 26  form a collective water supply passage  148 , which receives water from the inlet opening  122  and passes the water to the sump  110  without first passing it through the rim channel  124 . 
     Specifically, the elbow  146  redirects water from flowing in a generally downward direction to an approximately forward direction. A first turn  150  is formed proximate an upstream end of the sump channel  126 , where the rim channel  124  separates flow in the inlet passage  120  into separate flows in each of the rim channel  124  (e.g., rim water, rim jet, etc.) and the sump channel  12 . 6  (e.g., sump water, sump jet, etc.). At the first turn  150 , the sump channel  126  redirects the flow of water further downward, more directly toward the lower surface  134  of the pedestal  102 . The water supply passage  148  at the inlet passage  120  defines a first inflection point  152  (i.e., a first vertical inflection point), in which the water supply passage  148  switches from convex to concave in the direction from the lower surface  134  looking toward the upper surface  132 . In this location, the inlet passage  120  begins to bend downward as the water flows through the first turn  150 . It should be understood that while  FIGS. 9 and 10  show the first turn  150  formed between the inlet passage  120  and the sump channel  126 , according to other exemplary embodiments, the first turn  150  may be formed in other portions of the water supply passage  148 , such as only one of the inlet passage  120  or the sump channel  126 . 
     At a downstream end of the sump channel  126 , proximate and upstream from the sump  110 , the sump channel  126  forms a second turn  154  (e.g., an upstream end of the second turn  154 ). Specifically, the water in the sump channel  126  is redirected more directly toward the forward end  128  of the pedestal  102  and substantially horizontally (i.e., less downward) through a sump channel outlet  158  at a rear end of the sump and into the sump  110 . Between the first turn  150  and the second turn  154 , the sump channel  126  includes a second inflection point  156  (i.e., a second vertical inflection point), in which the flow of water transitions from approximately convex back to concave. 
     Referring still to  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the toilet  100  includes a trapway  160  extending downstream from the sump  110 . The trapway  160  includes a trapway inlet  162  formed in a forward end of the sump and opposing the sump channel outlet  158 . For example, water may flow from the sump channel outlet  158  through the sump  110  and into the trapway inlet  162  in a substantially horizontal direction and in substantially laminar flow moving in a direction from the rear end  130  of the toilet  100  toward the forward end  128  of the toilet  100 . This flow of water through the sump  110  generates a siphon in the trapway  160  during a flush sequence and evacuates the contents of the bowl  104 , including solid and liquid waste. 
     The trapway  160  includes an up-leg  164  extending downstream from the sump  110 , a down-leg  166  extending downstream from the up-leg  164 , and a trapway outlet  168  at a downstream end of the down-leg  166  and configured to output water and waste from the toilet  100  into a drain opening. The trapway  160  is continuous from the second turn  154 , such that the second turn  154  in the sump channel  126  and the trapway  160  form one continuous turn having a generally zeta shape. In other words, there is no inflection point formed in a vertical direction along the flow path between the second inflection point  156  and the trapway outlet  168 , as will be discussed in further detail below. 
     The trapway  160  at the up-leg  164  includes a first portion  170 , which curves toward the forward end  128  and generally vertically from the trapway inlet  162 . The first portion  170  also curves toward the first side  136  of the toilet  100 , such that the up-leg  164  curves laterally around the outer surface  142  of the bowl  104 . The trapway  160  at the up-leg  164  further includes a second portion  172 , which extends from the first portion  170  and curves toward the rear end  130  of the toilet  100  until the water in the trapway  160  flows in a substantially horizontal direction. The second portion  172  is disposed proximate the first side  136  that the first portion  170  is curved toward. 
     The trapway  160  forms a weir  174  at a downstream end of the up-leg  164  and an upstream end of the down-leg  166 , defining an upper peak in the trapway  160 , which is disposed at a height above the trapway inlet  162  to provide a water level in the bowl  104 . During the flush sequence, water begins flowing through the trapway  160  when the water level in the bowl  104  rises above the height of the weir  174 . The down-leg  166  extends downstream from the weir  174  to the trapway outlet  168 . As shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the down-leg  166  extends vertically downward to the trapway outlet  168 . For example, the down-leg  166  may form a substantially straight vertical path, such that the trapway outlet  168  is disposed approximately directly below the weir  174 . In this configuration, the weir  174  and therefore the trapway outlet  168  is disposed in the pedestal  102  laterally offset from a center of the toilet  100  due to the up-leg  164  curving laterally around the outer surface  142  of the bowl  104 . As a result, the trapway outlet  168  may be disposed laterally offset from a drain opening in the floor of a bathroom. According to another exemplary embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 10 , the down-leg  166  curves around and under the bowl  104  and the sump  110  downward and at an angle laterally from the first side  136  to the second side  138  of the toilet  100  toward the trapway outlet  168 , which is disposed in the lower surface  134  equidistant between the first and second sides  136 ,  138 . 
     In the configuration shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the up-leg  164  and the down-leg  166  form one continuous turn extending from the sump channel  126 . As a result, the entire water flow path through the water supply passage  148  and the trapway  160  (e.g., between the elbow  146  and the trapway outlet  168 ) includes two turns (e.g., the first turn  150  and the second turn  154 ) in a vertical direction. In other words, in the longitudinal direction (i.e., taken along a longitudinal axis from the forward end  128  to the rear end  130  of the toilet  100 ) the water flow path includes just two inflection points (e.g. the first inflection point  152  and the second inflection point  156 ), rather than seven as provided in the conventional toilet  10 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 10  and as discussed above, the up-leg  164  extends laterally in the pedestal  102  toward the first side  136 . In this configuration, the up-leg  164  may define a third inflection point  176  (i.e., a first lateral inflection point) as the up-leg  164  curves laterally from the sump  110 . The down-leg  166  is further shown extending laterally toward the second side  138  of the toilet  100 . The transition in the down-leg  166  of the trapway  160  back toward the second side  138  and away from the first side  136  defines a fourth inflection point  178  (i.e., a second lateral inflection point). The toilet  100  may include a total of four inflection points including both in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction, which is less than the number of turns  50  and therefore inflection points in the conventional toilet  10 . 
     By reducing the number of turns along the flow path (e.g., in a longitudinal direction) to two turns, the flow path reduces the amount of times water changes direction and therefore reduces overall turbulence. Further, the water flow path in the toilet  100  is shorter than in the conventional toilet  10 . Specifically, each turn in a toilet requires a minimum radius and length in order to ensure that the turn is not too tight, which would cause solid waste to become lodged in the trapway and the toilet to become clogged. This minimum radius and length requirement leads to a longer trapway. By reducing the number of turns, the toilet  100  may have a total water flow path length of between approximately 40 inches and 54 inches. According to an exemplary embodiment, the water flow path length may be between approximately 40 inches and 46 inches. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the water flow path length may be approximately 42 inches (e.g., 42.0 inches +/−0.5 inches). By reducing the total length of the water flow path from 56 inches in the conventional toilet  10  to approximately 42 inches, the toilet  100  significantly reduces the “skin” friction experienced by water during the flush sequence and therefore reduces the volume of water required during the flush sequence. 
     It should further be understood that by compacting the trapway  160  in the toilet  100  to below and around the outer surface  142  of the bowl  104 , an overall longitudinal length between the forward end  128  and the rear end  130  may be reduced since there is no requirement for accommodating the trapway  160  rearward of the bowl  104 . As a result, the forward end  128  of the toilet  100  may be located closer to a wall, which provides additional clearance from structures opposing the forward end  128  of the toilet  100 . For example, ADA compliance requirements may dictate a minimum distance between a door and a toilet to ensure maneuverability in a bathroom for people with disabilities. By reducing the length of the toilet  100  as provided, it becomes easier to have sufficient clearance from nearby obstacles in the bathroom without having to redesign the bathroom from an older non-compliant design with a conventional toilet. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a toilet  200  with a hybrid flush engine according to an exemplary embodiment. As used throughout this application, the term “flush engine” refers to the structures in a toilet, which pass water and/or waste through the toilet, such as water supply lines, an inlet passage, sump and rim channels, a bowl and sump, and a trapway. As shown in  FIG. 11 , the toilet  200  includes a pedestal  202  with a bowl  204  formed therein. The bowl  204  includes a rim  206  at an upper end  208  thereof and a sump  210  at a lower end  212  of the bowl  204 . The toilet  200  further includes a tank  214  disposed on the pedestal  202  and a flush valve  216  (i.e., flush canister) disposed in the tank  214  and extending downward through a lower surface  218  of the tank  214  into an inlet passage  220  formed in the pedestal  202 . According to another exemplary embodiment, the tank  214  may be located in the bathroom remotely from the pedestal  202  (e.g., concealed within a bathroom wall). During the operation of a flush sequence, the flush valve  216  releases water into the inlet passage  220  through an inlet opening  222  at an upstream end of the inlet passage  220  for flushing the toilet  200 . 
     The pedestal  202  further includes a rim channel  224  formed in the rim  206  and configured to provide water to the bowl  204  through the rim  206  for washing down the sides of the bowl  204  during a flush sequence. Specifically, the rim  206  includes at least one rim outlet  207  formed in the rim  206  and fluidly connecting the rim channel  224  to the bowl  204  for supplying water thereto. According to another exemplary embodiment, the rim  206  includes a plurality of rim outlets  207  formed annularly about the rim  206  for providing water to the bowl  204 . The pedestal  202  also includes a sump channel  226  extending downstream from the inlet passage  220  and fluidly connecting the inlet passage  220  to the sump  210 , providing water thereto from the inlet passage  220 . When water is introduced through the inlet opening  222  to the inlet passage  220 , it first passes through an elbow  228  in the inlet passage  220 . It should be understood that the combined structure of the inlet passage  220  and the sump channel  226  receive water from the inlet opening  222  and passes the water to the sump  210  without first passing it through the rim channel  224 . 
     A water supply line  232  is fluidly connected to a water source  234  (e.g., a valve, spigot, etc.) in a bathroom and configured to provide pressurized water (e.g., at line pressure of approximately 30 psi) to the toilet  200 . A fitting  236  (e.g., a splitter fitting, T-fitting, T-connector, etc.) is coupled to a downstream end of the water supply line  232  and is coupled to a tank supply line  238  and a rim supply line  240 . The fitting  236  splits (i.e., divides, separates, etc.) the stream of water received in the water supply line  232  from the water source  234  into a tank water supply fed to the tank  214  through the tank supply line  238  and a rim supply fed to the rim channel  224  through the rim supply line  240 . By connecting both the tank supply line  238  and the rim supply line  240  to a single water supply line  232 , the toilet  200  may be connected to a single conventional water source  234  installation without requiring two separate water sources  234  in the bathroom. The tank supply line  238  and the rim supply line  240  may be formed from a flexible material and selectively coupled to the tank  214  and the rim channel  224 , respectively. According to another exemplary embodiment, one or both of the tank supply line  238  and the rim supply line  240  may be integrally formed with the toilet  200 . For example, the rim supply line  240  may be formed within the pedestal  202  during a vitreous casting process. 
     The tank supply line  238  is fluidly coupled to the tank  214 , such as through a fill valve, and is configured to supply the tank water supply to the tank  214  when the water level in the tank drops below a threshold height, particularly after water is quickly introduced to the bowl  204  during a flush sequence. The rim supply line  240  is fluidly coupled to (e.g., directly to) the rim channel  224  and is configured to supply the rim water supply to the rim channel  224  after the activation of the flush sequence. The rim supply line  240  may be mechanically linked to an actuator or the flush valve  216 , such that when the flush sequence is activated by the actuator, the rim supply line  240  provides the rim water supply to the rim channel  224  and into the bowl  204  for washing down the sides of the bowl  204  and removing waste therefrom. For example, the rim supply line  240  may include a valve (e.g., at the inlet, at the outlet), which is coupled either mechanically or electrically to the actuator. The valve may remain open for a set period of timing following the activation of the flush sequence or may close based on a condition in the bowl  204  or in the tank  214 . According to another exemplary embodiment, the fitting  236  may control the flow of water in the rim supply line  240 . For example, when the flush sequence is activated and the water in the tank  214  is evacuated into the bowl  204 , a pressure in the tank supply line  238  drops. This pressure drop may open a valve in the fitting  236 , which introduces water to both the tank supply line  238  and the rim supply line  240 , thereby supplying water to the rim channel  224  through the rim supply line  240 . It should be understood that the supply of water to the rim channel  22 . 4  through the rim supply line  240  may be provided in other ways. 
     Referring still to  FIG. 11 , the toilet  200  includes a trapway  244 , including an up-leg  246  extending downstream from the sump  210  and a down-leg  248  extending downstream from the up-leg  246 . The trapway  244  forms a weir  250  at a downstream end of the up-leg  246  and an upstream end of the down-leg  248 , defining an upper peak in the trapway  244 , which is disposed at a height above a trapway inlet  252  at the sump  210 , providing a water level in the bowl  204 . The down-leg  248  extends downstream from the weir  250  to a trapway outlet  254 . 
     In the configuration shown in  FIG. 11 , the rim channel  224  is fluidly separated (e.g., disconnected) from the tank  214 . Specifically, the tank  214  is configured to provide water directly to the sump  210  through the inlet passage  220  and the sump channel  226  (collectively a sump water supply passage  242 ), without providing any water to the rim channel  224 . A siphon is formed when water from the tank  214  is introduced to the bowl  204  and the trapway  244  through the sump  210  and raises the water level in the up-leg  246  of the trapway  244  above the height of the weir  250 . The larger the volume of water in the trapway  244 , the faster the siphon will be generated therein. Specifically, a siphon generally forms when substantially an entire cross-sectional area of the trapway  244  downstream from the weir  250  is filled with water. 
     A conventional toilet flushes with a fixed volume of water (e.g., 1.0 gpf, 1.6 gpf, etc.). In these toilets, the volume of water is divided between both the rim channel and the sump, such that not all of the water is introduced to the sump. These toilets also generally rely on the introduction of water from the rim during bowl wash-down to supply sufficient water to the trapway to induce the siphon. Because the wash-down water takes a longer path to the bowl, it is delayed relative to the water supplied directly to the sump, reducing the overall power at the beginning of the flush sequence and further delays the formation of the siphon in the trapway. 
     In the configuration shown in  FIG. 11 , substantially all of the water in the tank  214  is received directly at the sump  210 . The siphon is formed in the trapway  244  substantially exclusively due to the introduction of water through the sump water supply passage  242  and independently from the introduction of water to the rim  206  through the rim supply line  240 . Further, in a conventional toilet, such as the toilet  10  shown in  FIG. 8 , the bowl refills through the rim from the tank as it refills. However, in the toilet  200 , the bowl  204  refills from the introduction of water at line pressure directly at the rim  206  and therefore the refill process may be independent from the timing for filling the tank  214 . 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a toilet  300  with a hybrid flush engine according to another exemplary embodiment. The toilet  300  may be substantially similar and operate in a similar way as the toilet  200  shown in  FIG. 11  and discussed above, except as indicated otherwise. The toilet  300  includes a pedestal  302  with a bowl  304  formed therein. The bowl  304  includes a rim  306  at an upper end  308  thereof and a sump  310  at a lower end  312  of the bowl  304 . The toilet  300  further includes a tank  314  disposed on the pedestal  302  and a flush valve  316  (i.e., flush canister) disposed in the tank  314  and extending downward through a lower surface  318  of the tank  314  into an inlet passage  320  formed in the pedestal  302 . According to another exemplary embodiment, the tank  314  may be located in the bathroom remotely from the pedestal  302  (e.g., concealed within a bathroom wall). During the operation of a flush sequence, the flush valve  316  releases water into the inlet passage  320  through an inlet opening  322  at an upstream end of the inlet passage  320  for flushing the toilet  300 . 
     The pedestal  302  further includes a ring channel  324  formed in the rim  306  and configured to provide water to the bowl  304  through the rim  306  for washing down the sides of the bowl  304  during a flush sequence. Specifically, the rim  306  includes at least one rim outlet  307  formed in the rim  306  and fluidly connecting the rim channel  324  to the bowl  304  for supplying water thereto. According to another exemplary embodiment, the rim  306  includes a. plurality of rim outlets  307  formed annularly about the rim  306  for providing water to the bowl  304 . The inlet passage  320  is fluidly connected to the rim channel  324 , such that when water is introduced through the inlet opening  322  to the inlet passage  320 , it first passes through an elbow  328  in the inlet passage  320  and then downstream from the inlet passage  320  directly into the rim channel  324 , thereby supplying water to the bowl  304 . 
     A water supply line  332  is fluidly connected to a water source  334  (e.g., a valve, s etc.) in a bathroom and configured to provide pressurized water (e.g., at line pressure of approximately 30 psi) to the toilet  300 . A fitting  336  is coupled to a downstream end of the water supply line  332  and is coupled to a tank supply line  338  and a sump supply line  340 . The fitting  336  splits (i.e., divides, separates, etc.) the stream of water received in the water supply line  332  from the water source  334  into a tank water supply fed to the tank  314  through the tank supply line  338  and a sump supply fed to the sump  310  through the sump supply line  340 . The tank supply line  338  and the sump supply line  340  may be formed from a flexible material and selectively coupled to the tank  314  and the sump  310 , respectively. According to another exemplary embodiment, one or both of the tank supply line  338  and the sump supply line  340  may be integrally formed with the toilet  300 . For example, the sump supply line  340  may be formed within the pedestal  302  during a vitreous casting process. 
     The tank supply line  338  is fluidly coupled to the tank  314  and is configured to supply the tank water supply to the tank  314  when the water level in the tank drops below a threshold height, particularly after water is quickly introduced to the rim  306  and into the bowl  304  during wash-down in a flush sequence. The sump supply line  340  is fluidly coupled to (e.g., directly to) the sump  310  and is configured to supply the sump water supply directly to the sump  310  after the activation of the flush sequence. The sump supply line  340  may be mechanically linked to an actuator or the flush valve  316 , such that when the flush sequence is activated by the actuator, the sump supply line  340  provides the sump water supply to the sump  310  for generating a siphon in the toilet  300  and removing waste therefrom. For example, the sump supply line  340  may include a valve (not shown), which is coupled either mechanically or electrically to the actuator. The valve may remain open for a set period of timing following the activation of the flush sequence or may close based on a condition in the bowl  304  or in the tank  314 . 
     Referring still to  FIG. 12 , the toilet  300  includes a trapway  344 , including an up-leg  346  extending downstream from the sump  310  and a down-leg  348  extending downstream from the up-leg  346 . The trapway  344  forms a weir  350  at a downstream end of the up-leg  346  and an upstream end of the down-leg  348 , defining an upper peak in the trapway  344 , which is disposed at a height above a trapway inlet  352  at the sump  310 , providing a water level in the bowl  304 . The down-leg  348  extends downstream from the weir  350  to a trapway outlet  354 . 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the fitting  336  may control the flow of water in the sump supply line  340 . For example, when the flush sequence is activated and the water in the tank  314  is evacuated through the rim channel  32 . 4  and into the bowl  304 , a pressure in the tank supply line  338  drops. In the configuration shown in  FIG. 12 , the sump  310  is fluidly separate from a direct connection to the tank  314 . Specifically, the tank  314  only communicates with the sump  310  through the rim channel  324  rather than with a separate sump channel. A siphon is formed when water from the sump supply line  340  is introduced to the sump  310  and into the trapway  344  and raises the water level in the up-leg  346  of the trapway  344  above the height of the weir  350 . As water pressure increases in a house, the volumetric flow rate from the sump supply line  340  increases, increasing the likelihood that an entire cross-sectional area of the trapway  344  is filled with water, thereby generating a siphon in the trapway  344 . Notably, the faster the trapway  344  fills with water, the less overall water will be required from the sump supply line  340 . In this configuration, the tank  314  is just used for wash-down purposes, which allows the tank  314  to be reduced in size (e.g., narrower in the longitudinal direction), thereby reducing an overall longitudinal length of the toilet  300 . 
     It should be understood that according to an exemplary embodiment, the toilet  100  of  FIGS. 9 and 10  may be combined with one of the hybrid flush engine configurations discussed with respect to  FIGS. 11 and 12 , such that a rim supply line (e.g., such as the rim supply line  240 ) is coupled to the rim channel  124  and the tank  114  is coupled to the trapway  160  or a sump supply line (e.g., such as the sump supply line  340 ) is coupled to the sump  310  and the tank  114  is coupled to the rim channel  124 . Further, the toilets  200 ,  300  shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12  can be modified to include the zeta shaped trapways disclosed herein (e.g., the trapways for the toilets  100 ). 
     Referring no to  FIGS. 13-15 , a flush handle  400  for a toilet is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. At least a portion of the flush handle  400  is disposed in a tank  402 . Specifically, as shown in  FIG. 14 , the tank  402  includes a handle opening  404  configured to receive the flush handle  400  therein. The handle opening  404  has a profile, which is substantially the same as an outer profile of the flush handle  400 , such that the flush handle  400  is partially or fully received in the handle opening  404 . The tank  402  further defines a curved outer surface  406 , although according to other exemplary embodiments, the outer surface  406  may be substantially flat proximate the flush handle  400 . Similarly, the flush handle  400  defines an outer surface  408  (e.g., a curved outer surface which corresponds to the outer surface  406  of the tank  402 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 14 , the flush handle  400  defines a first end  410  (i.e., a first lateral end) and an opposing second end  412  (i.e., a second lateral end). A flush handle pivot axis  414  is defined in a substantially vertical direction proximate the first end  410  of the flush handle  400 , such that the flush handle  400  is configured to rotate about the pivot axis  414 . According to other exemplary embodiments, the pivot axis  414  may be oriented in other directions, such as laterally (i.e., horizontally). In  FIG. 14 , the flush handle  400  is shown in an extended (e.g., proud, raised, offset, etc.) position, ready to be depressed to activate a flush sequence. In this position, a user of the toilet with the tank  402  is able to depress the second end  412  of the flush handle  400  with a closed fist or other blunt surface, providing ADA compliance for the flush handle  400 . When the flush handle  400  is fully depressed into the handle opening  404  in the tank  402 , the flush handle  400  pivots about the pivot axis  414  until the second end  412  is fully received within the handle opening  404  and the flush sequence is activated. Notably, as shown in  FIG. 15 , when the flush handle  400  is fully depressed, the curvature of the outer surface  408  of the flush handle  400  is substantially the same as that of the outer surface  406  of the tank  402 , such that the flush handle  400  blends-in to the tank  402  and forms one continuous outer surface, partially concealing the presence of the flush handle  400 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 16 , a toilet  500  is shown with rim outlets according to various exemplary embodiments. The toilet  500  includes a bowl  504  having a rim  506  formed at an upper end thereof and a sump  508  at a lower end of the bowl  504 . For example, the bowl  504  may be substantially similar to the bowls  104 ,  204 ,  304  and the rim  506  may be substantially similar to the rims  106 ,  206 ,  306  as discussed above. The bowl  504  includes at least one rim outlet  507  (e.g., rim jet, rim opening, etc.) formed in the rim  506  and fluidly connecting a rim channel (not shown) to an interior portion of the bowl  504  for supplying water thereto. The rim outlet  507  can be located in a rear portion of the bowl  504  and/or a front portion of the bowl  504 , as shown in  FIG. 16 . The rim outlet(s)  507  can also be located at one or more side portions of the bowl  504  (alone or in addition to the front and/or rear portions). According to another exemplary embodiment, the rim  506  includes a plurality of rim outlets  507  formed annularly about the rim  506  for providing water to the bowl  504 . In this configuration, a plurality of rim outlets  507  may be substantially the same as the rim outlet  507  shown in  FIG. 16 . 
     Referring to the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 17 , the at least one rim outlet  507  is configured to provide/emit a substantially sheet flow pattern  518 . For example, the at least one rim outlet  507  may include a triangular or generally conical shape that expands downstream. The shape of the rim outlet  507  or other structures therein form a triangular sheet, which extends between the first and second sides  510 ,  512  of the bowl  504  to wash-down a large surface area of the bowl  504  from one or a limited number of rim outlets  507 . 
     According to the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 18 , the rim outlet  507  defines an oscillating pattern  514  for distributing water into the bowl  504 . For example, the rim outlet  507  may have variable directional control over the water output therefrom into the bowl  504 . During a flush sequence the rim outlet  507  rotates, redirecting flow from a first side  510  (i.e., a first lateral side) of the bowl  504  to an opposing second side  512  and then back to the first side  510  as part of an oscillation sequence. The oscillation sequence may be configured to increase the surface area of the bowl  504  that is covered with water from a single or limited number of rim outlets  507 , reducing the cost and complexity of the toilet  500  relative to other conventional toilets. 
     Referring to the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 19 , the at least one rim outlet  507  is configured to provide/emit a pulsing sequence flow pattern  516 . In this configuration, water is introduced to the bowl  504  through the at least one rim outlet  507  through short pulsations. The repetitive stopping and starting of water flowing through the rim outlet  507  increases the pressure in the water introduced to the bowl  504  through the rim outlet  507 , and thereby increases the wash-down cleaning power of the rim outlet  507 . Further, the pulsation provides a visual experience for a user to watch. 
       FIG. 20  illustrates a portion of a toilet  600  with fluidic devices  660  according to an exemplary embodiment. The toilet  600  includes a bowl  604  and a sump  608  disposed at a lower end of the bowl  604 . For example, the bowl  604  may be substantially similar to the bowls  104 ,  204 ,  304 , and  504  as discussed above. The toilet  600  includes at least one fluidic device  660 , which can be cast as part of the toilet  600  and is fluidly connected to at least one water inlet  664 . The fluidic device  660  is also fluidly connected to a cover plate  668  (shown in more detail in  FIG. 21 ), which can be cast into the toilet  600  and follows the shape of the bowl  604 . The fluidic device  660  houses a channel (not shown) of varying shapes according to different embodiments for fluid to pass through the fluidic device  660  from the water inlet  664  to the cover plate  668  and into the bowl  604 . The water inlet  664  is configured to receive water, such as from the refill valve in the toilet  600 , so that the bowl  604  can be cleaned during refill. The fluidic device  660 , the at least one water inlet  664 , and the cover plate  668  together will be referenced to as a fluidic assembly  672 . At least one fluidic assembly  672  is located in a position around the bowl  604 . According to another exemplary embodiment, the toilet  600  includes a plurality of fluidic assemblies formed at various angular positions around the annular bowl  604  for providing water thereto as shown in  FIG. 20 . The fluidic assemblies  672  can be positioned at different angles as well as different places around the bowl  604 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 21 , the fluidic assembly  672  including the at least one water inlet  664 , the fluidic device  660 , and the cover plate  668  is shown. The channel (not shown) within the fluidic device  660  is configured to create different oscillating flow patterns depending on the geometry of the channel inside the fluidic device  660 . The cover plate  668  includes a slot cast into the toilet  600  that can follow the shape of the bowl  604 . The cover plate  668  creates a substantially fan shaped oscillatory flow pattern without using any moving parts. The flow pattern is directed down onto the inside of the bowl  604  when the cover plate  668  receives water from the channel. One or more fluidic assemblies  672  can be positioned at different places and different angles around the bowl  604 . Although  FIG. 20  shows four fluidic assemblies  672  disposed at different locations around the bowl, a fewer or a greater number of fluidic assemblies  672  can be employed with any toilet disclosed herein. The fluidic assembly  672  can be used in conjunction with any toilet and/or bowl (e.g.,  104 ,  204 ,  304 ,  504 , and  604 ) disclosed herein. 
       FIG. 22  shows an exemplary embodiment of a toilet  700  that includes a pedestal  702  with a bowl  704  formed therein. The bowl  704  includes a rim  706  at an upper end  708  thereof and a sump  710  at a lower end  712  of the bowl  704 . The toilet  700  further includes a tank  714  disposed above a rear portion of the pedestal  702 , and the tank  714  includes a flush handle  776  operatively coupled thereto. The flush handle  776  acts as an actuator to control different flush sequences of the toilet  700 . For example, rotation of the flush handle  776  in a clockwise direction  780  around the z-axis causes water to be delivered to both the sump  710  and the rim  706  producing a standard flush sequence (e.g., using a first volume of water). Also for example, rotation of the flush handle  776  in a counterclockwise direction  784  around the z-axis causes a reduced amount of water to be delivered to the sump  710  and the rim  706  as compared to the standard flush sequence creating a half-flush or duel-flush sequence (e.g., using a second volume of water). The second volume of water is less than the first volume of water, according to at least one embodiment. Also for example, applying a force to the flush handle  776  along the z-axis in a direction perpendicular  788  to the flush handle  776  causes water to be delivered only to the rim  706  creating a rinse of the bowl flush sequence. The toilet  700  is configured to provide continuous water flow to the rim  706  by applying a continuous force to the flush handle  776  along the z-axis in a direction substantially perpendicular to the flush handle  776 . In another embodiment, the toilet  700  includes an auxiliary tank, which holds a cleaning solution that can be injected to the rim  706  with or without water during a rinse of the bowl flush sequence. This flush handle  776  can be used in conjunction with any of the toilets discussed previously. 
       FIG. 23  shows a control system  866  for controlling the flush sequences described above. The flush handle  776  can act as the actuator  870  of the system. Other types of electronic and/or mechanical actuators  870  can be used, such as buttons, switches, applications on smart devices (e.g., phones). The actuator  870  can be coupled to an electronic valve to control different flow paths, those of which are mentioned above. A processor  874 , which electrically connects to a power source  878 , then decides which flush sequence, from those described above, to execute, such as in response to the input (e.g., type of activation) into the actuator  870 . The executed flush sequence is stored in a memory  882  and the control system  866  is available to receive a new signal. 
     As utilized herein, the terms “approximately,” “about,” “substantially”, and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It should be understood by those of skill in the art who review this disclosure that these terms are intended to allow a description of certain features described and claimed without restricting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the application as recited in the appended claims. 
     It should be noted that the term “exemplary” as used herein to describe various embodiments is intended to indicate that such embodiments are possible examples, representations, and/or illustrations of possible embodiments (and such term is not intended to connote that such embodiments are necessarily extraordinary or superlative examples). 
     The terms “coupled,” “connected,” and the like as used herein mean the joining of two members directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary (e.g., permanent) or moveable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining may be achieved with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate members being integrally formed as a single unitary body with one another or with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate members being attached to one another. 
     References herein to the positions of elements (e.g., “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below,” etc.) are merely used to describe the orientation of various elements in the FIGURES. It should be noted that the orientation of various elements may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and that such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure. 
     It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described herein. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may also be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the various exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application.