Patent Publication Number: US-2018041014-A1

Title: Utility meter bypass systems, methods, and devices

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 15/191,243, filed Jun. 23, 2016, entitled UTILITY METER BYPASS SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND DEVICES, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/231,050, filed Jun. 23, 2015, entitled UTILITY METER BYPASS SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND DEVICES, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Embodiments described herein relate to electrical components, and some particular embodiments related to bypass breakers for electrical systems and interconnection meter socket adapters and associated components which can connect various energy sources and sinks to a power system without the need to change or replace a distribution panel. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Some innovations relate to an offset bypass breaker device, the device including a housing, the housing configured to allow connection of the device to an installed electric meter without substantial alteration to the position of the installed electric meter, a plurality of busbars disposed within the housing, the plurality of busbars configured to be placed into electrical communication with the load-side of an electric metering device and a separate distribution panel, and at least one circuit breaker supported by the plurality of busbars. 
     The device can additionally include a substantially planar section configured to extend parallel to a base of an installed electric meter, the substantially planar section including a plurality of power transfer members configured to be placed in electrical communication with load-side components of the installed electric meter. The device can additionally include a plurality of conductive members extending perpendicular to the plurality of power transfer members, the plurality of conductive members configured to provide mechanical and electrical connection with at least one of an electric meter and a meter socket. The device can additionally include a plurality of pairs of conductive members configured to engage outer surfaces of load-side insertion jaws of a meter socket. The substantially planar section can include at least two apertures configured to allow line-side prongs of the electric meter to pass therethrough, where the at least two apertures are surrounded by insulating material. 
     The device can additionally include a conduit extending into the device, the conduit configured to contain wiring in electrical communication with the at least one breaker and at least one alternative energy device. The device can additionally include an AC coupler configured to disconnect the system from utility power. The device can additionally include at least one probe connected to the AC coupler and configured to monitor at least one of AC voltage, current, and frequency of the utility power, where the AC coupler is configured to disconnect the system from utility power when an indication of a disruption in the utility power is detected. The AC coupler can be disposed within the housing. 
     The busbars can be live busbars configured to be connected to the load side of an electric metering device. The device can additionally include a main breaker supported by the plurality of busbars, the main breaker configured to be directly connected to the load-side of an electric metering device. The device can additionally be configured to be placed into electrical communication with the electric metering device and a separate distribution panel via a flexible conduit. 
     The plurality of busbars can include three busbars, each of the three busbars in contact with the at least one bypass breaker. The plurality of busbars can include two busbars, each of the two busbars in contact with the at least one bypass breaker. The at least one bypass breaker can be an interchangeable breaker. The plurality of busbars can be interchangeable busbars. 
     Some innovations relate to an electric meter bypass extension including at least one bypass breaker, the extension including a housing portion including at least a first side, the first side of the housing being substantially planar, at least one bypass breaker disposed at least partially within the housing, and a connection portion extending outward from the housing and substantially parallel to the first side of the housing, the connection portion including a plurality of conductive members configured to be placed in electrical contact with a portion of a circuit extending between the load side of an electric meter and a separate breaker panel. 
     The connection portion can extend along at least a portion of the first side of the housing portion. The connection portion can include a plurality of clamping structures configured and dimensioned to allow a plurality of load-side conductive structures and a plurality of line-side conductive structures extending from an electric meter to pass therethrough. Each of the plurality of clamping structures can be configured and dimensioned to allow a plurality of load-side conductive structures to pass therethrough and can include a conductive structure in electrical communication with one of the plurality of conductive members in the connection portion. Each of the plurality of clamping structures can be configured and dimensioned to allow a plurality of load-side conductive structures to pass therethrough and can include an insulating structure. 
     Some innovations relate to an electric meter including at least one bypass breaker, the meter including a housing a metering device disposed within the housing for measuring power consumption from external power lines, a plurality of line-side conductive members in electrical communication with the metering device, the plurality of line-side conductive members configured to be placed in electrical communication with the external power lines, a plurality of load-side conductive members in electrical communication with the metering device, the plurality of load-side conductive members configured to be placed in electrical communication with a separate circuit breaker panel, and at least one bypass breaker disposed at least partially within the housing and in electrical communication with the second plurality of conductive members along a circuit in which the bypass breaker is disposed between the metering device and the circuit breaker panel. 
     The bypass breaker can allow power to be provided to the separate circuit breaker panel without passing through the metering device. The plurality of line-side conductive members can include a plurality of line-side prongs extending outward from the housing and configured to be placed in electrical communication with the external power lines. The plurality of load-side conductive members can include a plurality of load-side prongs extending outward from the housing and configured to be placed in electrical communication with the separate circuit breaker panel. The housing can additionally include an aperture to allow routing of wiring to the bypass breaker. The meter can additionally include at least a second bypass breaker disposed at least partially within the housing. 
     The housing can additionally include a first opening to allow access to the first breaker, and a second opening to allow access to the second breaker. The first breaker and the second breaker can be disposed on opposite sides of the meter from one another. The first bypass breaker can be configured to function as a sub breaker and the second bypass breaker can be configured to function as a main breaker and control the first bypass breaker. The at least one bypass breaker can include a two-pole circuit breaker. The at least one bypass breaker can include a one-pole circuit breaker, three-pole circuit breaker, or any other suitable type of circuit breaker. 
     Some innovations relate to an electric meter including at least one bypass breaker, the meter including a housing, a metering device disposed within the housing for measuring power consumption, a plurality of line-side conductive members in electrical communication with the metering device, the first plurality of prongs configured to be placed in electrical communication with external power lines, a plurality of load-side conductive members in electrical communication with the metering device, the second plurality of conductive members configured to be placed in electrical communication with a separate circuit breaker panel, and at least one breaker support disposed at least partially within the housing and dimensioned to receive a bypass breaker. 
     The meter can additionally include at least one conductive structure to place a bypass breaker retained within the at least one breaker support in electrical communication with the plurality of load side conductive members along a circuit in which the bypass breaker is disposed between the metering device and the circuit breaker panel. 
     Some innovations relate to an electric meter bypass extension including at least one bypass breaker, the extension including a housing, a plurality of line-side conductive members configured to transmit power from external power lines to a metering device, a plurality of load-side conductive members configured to transmit power from a metering device to a separate circuit breaker panel, the plurality of line-side members not connected within the extension to the plurality of load-side conductive members, and at least one bypass breaker disposed at least partially within the housing and in electrical communication with the plurality of load-side conductive members. 
     The extension can include a first plurality of connectors on a first face of the extension, the first plurality of connectors including at least two connectors in electrical communication with the plurality of line-side conductive members and configured to form part of a connection between the plurality of line-side conductive members and external power lines, and at least two connectors in electrical communication with the plurality of load-side conductive members and configured to form part of a connection between the plurality of load-side conductive members and the separate circuit breaker panel, and a second plurality of connectors on a second face of the extension. 
     The first plurality of connectors can include a plurality of conductive members extending outward from the first face of the extension. The second plurality of connectors can include a plurality of slots formed in the second face of the extension. The first and second faces of the extension are formed on opposite sides of the extension. 
     The housing can additionally include an aperture to allow routing of wiring to the bypass breaker. The extension can additionally include at least a second bypass breaker disposed at least partially within the housing. The housing can additionally include a first opening to allow access to the first breaker, and a second opening to allow access to the second breaker. The first breaker and the second breaker can be disposed on opposite sides of the meter from one another. The first bypass breaker can be configured to function as a sub breaker and the second bypass breaker can be configured to function as a main breaker and control the first bypass breaker. 
     The at least one bypass breaker can include a two-pole bypass breaker. The extension can be dimensioned to be installed between a breaker panel and an electric meter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  illustrates a front view of electric meter that includes at least one overcurrent protection device. 
         FIG. 1B  illustrates a left side view of the electric meter of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 1C  illustrates a right side view of the electric meter of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a front view of the electric meter of  FIG. 1A , with the side door closed. 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates a front view of electric meter including overcurrent protection devices on two sides of the electric meter. 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates a left side view of the electric meter of  FIG. 3A . 
         FIG. 3C  illustrates a right side view of the electric meter of  FIG. 3A . 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates a front view of an electric meter which has a plurality of bypass breakers on two sides of the electric meter. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates a left side view of the electric meter of  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates a right side view of the meter of  FIG. 4B . 
         FIG. 5A  illustrates a cutaway view of a region where an electric meter engages a main panel. 
         FIG. 5B  illustrates a cutaway view of an alternate embodiment region where an electric meter engages a main panel, including a seal. 
         FIG. 6A  illustrates a surface-mounted or flush-mounted breaker panel without an electric meter. 
         FIG. 6B  illustrates the panel of  FIG. 6A , with the hinged door open. 
         FIG. 6C  illustrates the breaker panel of  FIGS. 6A and 6B , with panels removed. 
         FIG. 7A  illustrates bypassing elements installed between a surface-mounted main service panel and an electric meter. 
         FIG. 7B  illustrates a front view of the junction box depicted in profile in  FIG. 7A . 
         FIG. 7C  illustrates an enlarged view of the junction box  63  shown in profile in  FIG. 7A . 
         FIG. 7D  illustrates bypassing elements installed between a flush-mounted main service panel and an electric meter. 
         FIG. 7E  illustrates a front view of an alternative embodiment of a junction box. 
         FIG. 7F  illustrates an enlarged view a junction box similar to the junction box of  FIG. 7E . 
         FIGS. 8A through 8C  illustrate certain steps in the installation of a meter extension and electric meter in a main panel. 
         FIG. 9A  illustrates a front view of a meter extension that utilizes at least one overcurrent protection device. 
         FIG. 9B  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 9A . 
         FIG. 9C  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 9A . 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a front view of a meter extension that utilizes at least one overcurrent protection device (OCPD). 
         FIG. 11A  is a front view of a meter extension that utilizes at least one overcurrent protection device. 
         FIG. 11B  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 11A . 
         FIG. 11C  illustrates a right side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 11A . 
         FIG. 12A  illustrates a front view of a meter extension that utilizes at least one overcurrent protection device (OCPD). 
         FIG. 12B  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 12A . 
         FIG. 12C  illustrates a right side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 12A . 
         FIGS. 13A through 13C  illustrate certain steps in the installation of an offset bypass breaker panel onto a main service panel. 
         FIG. 14A  illustrates a front view of an integral electric meter-alternative energy breaker panel system. 
         FIG. 14B  illustrates a left side view of the integral bypass system of  FIG. 14A . 
         FIG. 15A  illustrates the integral bypass system of  FIGS. 14A and 14B  with the breaker cover removed. 
         FIG. 15B  illustrates an alternative embodiment of an integral bypass system that differs from the integral bypass system of  FIG. 15A  in that its busbars are not live, but are instead powered through the use of a main circuit breaker. 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an offset bypass breaker panel. 
         FIG. 17A  illustrates a front view of a surface-mounted or flush-mounted main service pane. 
         FIG. 17B  illustrates a right side view of the main panel of  FIG. 17A . 
         FIG. 17C  illustrates the removal of the electric meter from the main service panel of  FIG. 17A . 
         FIG. 17D  illustrates a front view of components used in the installation of an offset bypass breaker panel in the main service panel of  FIG. 17A . 
         FIG. 17E  illustrates a right side view of the components of  FIG. 17D , depicted aligned with one another. 
         FIG. 17F  illustrates a front view of a subsequent step in the installation of the components of  FIG. 17D . 
         FIG. 17G  illustrates a right side view of this subsequent step. 
         FIG. 17H  illustrates a front view of the installed components of  FIG. 17D . 
         FIG. 17I  illustrates a right side view of the installed components of  FIG. 17H . 
         FIGS. 18A-18C  illustrate front cutaway views of various steps in the installation of both interchangeable bussing and interchangeable breakers in a bypass electric meter. 
         FIGS. 19A-19C  illustrate front cutaway views of various steps in the installation of interchangeable breakers in a bypass electric meter having fixed bussing. 
         FIG. 20  illustrates a cutaway view of another embodiment of a bypass electric meter which utilizes fixed bussing. 
         FIGS. 21A-21C  illustrate front cutaway views of the installation of interchangeable bussing and breakers in a meter bypass extension. 
         FIG. 21D  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension bypass of  FIGS. 21A-21C . 
         FIGS. 22A and 22B  illustrate front cutaway views of the installation of interchangeable breakers in a meter extension having fixed bussing. 
         FIG. 22C  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension bypass  11  described above with regard to  FIGS. 22A and 22B   
         FIG. 23A  illustrates a front cutaway view of a meter extension bypass that has fixed busing. 
         FIG. 23B  illustrates a front cutaway view of a meter extension bypass with fixed bussing and factory-fixed breakers. 
         FIG. 23C  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension bypass of  FIG. 23A  but with both access covers closed against their respective latches. 
         FIG. 24  illustrates a three-phase, lug-type bussing assembly. 
         FIG. 25  illustrates another embodiment of a three-phase bussing assembly. 
         FIG. 26  illustrates a single-phase, lug-type bussing assembly. 
         FIG. 27  illustrates another embodiment of a single phase bussing assembly. 
         FIGS. 28A through 28C  illustrate a side view of steps in the installation of a three-phase interchangeable breaker onto a three-phase bussing assembly. 
         FIGS. 29A and 29B  illustrate a side view of the installation and securement of an interchangeable, single-phase, lug-type bussing assembly. 
         FIG. 29C  illustrates a top view of the bussing assembly with an installed breaker. 
         FIGS. 30A and 30B  illustrate a side view of the installation and securement of an interchangeable, single-phase, bussing assembly connected to a main breaker. 
         FIG. 30C  illustrates a top view of the bussing assembly with an installed breaker. 
         FIG. 31  illustrates a cutaway left side view of an integral bypass device having an installed bussing assembly. 
         FIG. 32  illustrates a cutaway left side view of an integral bypass device having an installed bussing assembly. 
         FIG. 33  illustrates a cutaway right side view of an embodiment of an offset bypass breaker panel. 
         FIG. 34  illustrates a side cutaway view of an interchangeable, lug-based, three-phase bussing assembly installed in a three-phase, integral bypass system. 
         FIG. 35  illustrates a side cutaway view of an interchangeable, no-lug, three-phase bussing assembly installed in a three-phase, integral bypass system. 
         FIGS. 36A and 36B  illustrate a side view of the installation and securement of an interchangeable, no-lug, three-phase bussing assembly. 
         FIG. 36C  illustrates a top view of the bussing assembly. 
         FIGS. 37A and 37B  illustrate a side view of the installation and securement of an interchangeable, lug-type, three-phase bussing assembly. 
         FIG. 37C  illustrates a top view of the bussing assembly with an installed breaker. 
         FIG. 38A  illustrates a side view of an interchangeable, lug-type, three-phase bussing assembly, with an installed breaker. 
         FIG. 38B  is a top view of the bussing assembly of  FIG. 38A . 
         FIG. 39A  illustrates a side view of an interchangeable, lug-type, single-phase bussing assembly with an installed breaker. 
         FIG. 39B  is a top view of the bussing assembly of  FIG. 39A . 
         FIG. 40  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator. 
         FIG. 41  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a main breaker controlling the whole system and the power to the main panel. 
         FIG. 42  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a main breaker controlling the whole system. 
         FIG. 43  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a main breaker controlling the whole system and main controlling main panel as well. 
         FIG. 44  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a main breaker controlling the right side of the system, and a main controlling the left side of the system, with a main that controls everything, including the main panel. 
         FIG. 45  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a main breaker controlling the right side of the system and a main controlling the left side of the system. 
         FIG. 46  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system that can disconnect from the grid when the grid goes down. 
         FIG. 47  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system that can disconnect itself from the grid when the grid goes down, and has a main breaker that can control the whole system, including the main panel. 
         FIG. 48  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system that can disconnect itself from the grid when the grid goes down, and has a main breaker that can control the meter/bypass. 
         FIG. 49  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system that can disconnect itself from the grid, when the grid goes down, and has a main breaker that can control the meter/bypass, and a main breaker that can control everything, including the main panel. 
         FIG. 50  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system, that can disconnect itself from the grid, when the grid goes down, and has two main breakers, one for the left side, and one for the right, and a main breaker that can control everything, including the main panel. 
         FIG. 51  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system that can disconnect itself from the grid, when the grid goes down, and has a two main breakers, one for the left side, and one for the right. 
         FIG. 52  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, for live busing, with no main breaker, 
         FIG. 53  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, for live busing, with a main breaker, that shuts off all power. 
         FIG. 54  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with a main breaker, that shuts off the meter bypass area. 
         FIG. 55  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with a main breaker, that shuts off the meter bypass area, and a breaker that shuts off all power. 
         FIG. 56  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with  2  main breaker, that shuts off the right, and left sides of the meter bypass area, and a breaker that shuts off all power. 
         FIG. 57  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with  2  main breaker, that shuts off the right, and left sides of the meter bypass area. 
         FIG. 58  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, for live busing, with no main breaker, and automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
         FIG. 59  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, for live busing, with a main breaker, that shuts off all power, and has an automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
         FIG. 60  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with a main breaker, that shuts off the meter bypass area, and has an automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
         FIG. 61  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with a main breaker, that shuts off the meter bypass area, and a breaker that shuts off all power, with an automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
         FIG. 62  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with  2  main breaker, that shuts off the right, and left sides of the meter bypass area, and a breaker that shuts off all power, and has an automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
         FIG. 63  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with  2  main breaker, that shuts off the right, and left sides of the meter bypass area, with an automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
         FIG. 64  is a table of various power systems which are used in certain countries. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     A distribution panel, or main electrical panel, can serve as a hub where an electrical power feed is divided into subsidiary circuits. Distribution panels of different capacities (e.g., 150 amp, 200 amp, or 400 amp) are installed into homes or other locations based on their anticipated electrical usage needs. Power carried by the power feed is distributed to the users via the distribution panel. An increased load that results from more electrical current flowing through the distribution panel may require upgrading or replacing the distribution panel to accommodate the increased current. 
     With the increasing use of renewable and other alternative energy sources, a user that traditionally consumes electrical power may provide electrical power into a distribution grid at certain times. This backfeed of energy may exceed the current capacity of an existing distribution channel, again requiring upgrading or replacing the distribution panel to accommodate the increased current. In addition, in many cases there is no room in the distribution panel for additional circuits, even if the current capacity would not be exceeded by the addition of one or more additional circuits. 
     A variety of interconnection meter socket adapters and other bypass devices are discussed herein. In some embodiments, these devices may be under utility seal and ownership. In some embodiments, these devices may be connected such that electrical power may be delivered to the user while the electrical meter accurately reflects the total power consumption and redistribution of the user. The use of a bidirectional measurement module can facilitate this process. 
     Certain embodiments are configured to be coupled to a DC-AC converter, which may in turn be coupled to various energy sources. A connector such as a flexible or rigid conduit may be used to form a part of such connections, in order to comply with local codes and regulations. 
       FIGS. 1A-1C  illustrate various views of an electric meter that includes at least one overcurrent protection device (OCPD).  FIG. 1A  illustrates a front view of electric meter that includes at least one overcurrent protection device.  FIG. 1B  illustrates a left side view of the electric meter of  FIG. 1A .  FIG. 1C  illustrates a right side view of the electric meter of  FIG. 1A . 
     The electric meter includes a housing  6  and a display  10 . In some embodiments, the housing  6  may be circular in cross section and may have either a uniform or a sloping profile from back to front. The housing  6  may comprise at least two separable and rigid components—a base portion and an outwardly extending portion, respectively, the outwardly extending portion extending away from the base portion and cooperating with the base portion to define an enclosed region—that can be held together mechanically by any suitable arrangement, such as by using a plurality of clips (not shown). The base portion of the housing  6  may be circular. The outer diameter of the base portion of the housing  6  is dimensioned to allow the electric meter  1  to be seated in an appropriately sized and configured meter socket. However, in other embodiments, the housing  6  may be any suitable size or shape, and may be formed from any appropriate material, and may include more or fewer components than shown in the illustrated implementation. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the outwardly extending portion of the housing  6  of the electrical meter  1  can have a plurality of cutouts to accommodate one or more displays  10 , communication hardware (not shown), and any other suitable components, depending on the particular implementation. The electric meter  1  can include electronic component such as a motherboard (not shown) that in some particular embodiments may be disposed proximate to the front-facing exterior portion of the outwardly extending portion of the housing  6  of the electrical meter  1  in which the one or more displays  10  are disposed. The electronic components can include control electronics, and can receive electrical power for its operation from an electrical communication with the line-side conductive prongs  8   a  and  8   b . The motherboard can also be in electrical communication with a current transformer in order to provide energy consumption and energy delivery data (e.g., the amount of electrical energy (in kWh) produced by alternative energy sources, some of which can be delivered to the electrical grid by one or more alternative energy sources connected to the meter) that can be displayed. In some embodiments, the motherboard may be disposed within the interior of the outwardly extending portion of the housing  6  of the electrical meter  1 . 
     The display  10  may be an LCD display or other suitable display, and may alternately display customer utility energy usage data. In some particular embodiments, the energy usage data may be displayed in kWh, and the instantaneous total root mean square AC line voltage at the meter from the utility (in Volts) may also be displayed. The display  10  may also continuously display whether or not electrical energy from an alternative energy source such as a solar panel array connected to the meter is being backfed to the utility. In some embodiments, the electric meter  1  utilizes an overcurrent protection device (OCPD), not shown. 
     As can best be seen in  FIG. 1B , the electric meter  1  also includes at least one bypass breaker  3  disposed at least partially within the housing  6 . As described in greater detail elsewhere in the specification, the at least one bypass breaker  3  can be either a fixed breaker or an interchangeable breaker. In the illustrated embodiment, the housing  6  also includes an aperture or a knockout or cutout section of the housing on at least one side of the housing  6 , providing access to the at least one bypass breaker  3 , and allowing routing of wires from an alternative energy source to the bypass breaker  3 . In the illustrated embodiment, a hinged access door  2  is shown open above the aperture. A latch  5  can be used to hold down the hinged access door  2  when the door is closed, and may in some embodiments be used to provide a waterproof seal, so that the housing  6  can be waterproof. Other suitable structures can also be used to cover the aperture, such as press-fit covers. The cutout  7  is dimensioned to accommodate a threaded end of a rigid conduit member (not shown) for connecting an external device to the bypass breaker  3 . For example, an alternative energy source may be connected to the at least one bypass breaker  3  via electrical wires or leads (not shown), which may be guided through the threaded end of the conduit member for connection to bypass breaker  3 . The outwardly extending portion of housing  6  abuts the base portion of the housing  6  in a rimmed projection  4  around which a meter ring (not shown) can be placed, tightened, and fitted with a tamperproof seal in accordance with the standards of the local utility. 
       FIG. 1C  illustrates a right side view of the electric meter  1  shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B . As illustrated in this embodiment, an additional overcurrent protection device is not provided on the right side of the electrical meter  1 , but at least one overcurrent protection device may be included on the right side of the meter  1  in other embodiments. 
     The rearmost exterior area of the base portion of the housing  6  is positioned proximate to the jaws of a meter socket when the electric meter  1  is installed, and may include a plurality of conductive connectors for connection with other load-side components. In some embodiments, these connectors may include integrally seated and externally protruding line-side conductive prongs  8   a  and  8   b , also referred to as socket spades, which may be inserted into socket jaws in electrical communication with external utility power lines. In the interior of the base portion of the casing, electrical wires or leads in electrical communication with the line-side spades are routed in series to busbars (not shown) and from the busbars to a plurality of conductive connectors for connection with load-side components. In some embodiments, these conductive connectors may include integrally seated and externally protruding load-side conductive prongs  8   c  and  8   d . The busbars can be either fixed or interchangeable. A current transformer (not shown) or other suitable current-sensing can be in electrical communication with the electrical wires or leads that are in electrical communication with the line-side conductive prongs  8   a  and  8   b.    
     Although the embodiments described herein primarily discuss the use of breakers as OCPDs, any suitable OCPD may be used in other embodiments, including but not limited to fuses, bimetallic strips, or other electronic overcurrent protection devices. 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates a front view of electric meter including overcurrent protection devices on two sides of the electric meter.  FIG. 3B  illustrates a left side view of the electric meter of  FIG. 3A .  FIG. 3C  illustrates a right side view of the electric meter of  FIG. 3A . 
     As can be seen in  FIG. 3A  and  FIG. 3C , the electric meter  1 ′ has an access door  2   a  on one side and an access door  2 B on the opposite side. Overcurrent protection devices such as bypass breakers can be located on each side of the device, and can be accessed via the access doors  2   a  and  2   b . In particular, a first bypass breaker  3   a  is installed on the left side of the electric meter  1 ′ and a second bypass breaker  3   b  is installed on the right side of the electric meter  1 ′. As discussed in greater detail elsewhere within the specification, these breakers may be fixed breakers which may in some embodiments be permanently or semi-permanently installed, or may be interchangeable breakers which may in some embodiments be more easily installed and replaced. 
     Any suitable number of overcurrent protection devices may be provided in a bypass electric meter.  FIG. 4A  illustrates a front view of an electric meter which has a plurality of bypass breakers on two sides of the electric meter.  FIG. 4B  illustrates a left side view of the electric meter of  FIG. 4A .  FIG. 4C  illustrates a right side view of the meter of  FIG. 4B . 
     As can be seen in  FIGS. 4B and 4C , the electric meter  1 ″ includes a plurality of bypass breakers  3   a  on the left side of the electric meter  1 ″, and a plurality of bypass breakers  3   b  on the right side of the electric meter  1 ″. With conventional electric meter and breaker dimensions, an electric meter  1 ″ can accommodate two rows of four breakers each, as depicted in  FIGS. 4A to 4C . However, any suitable number of breakers can be provided on each side of the breakers. For example, in some embodiments, there may be one, two, three, four, or more breakers on the left side of the device, and one, two, three, four, or more breakers on the right side of the device. In addition, the breakers need not be located on the left and right sides of the device. For example, breakers can be included on the top, base, or front of the electric meter  1 ″. 
     When multiple circuit breakers are included in an electric meter or other device, such as electric meter  1 ″ or one of the other alternative structures discussed elsewhere in the specification, one or more of the circuit breakers can be configured to be operated as a main circuit breaker, with one or more of the other circuit breakers configured to be operated as a sub circuit breaker. When configured a main breaker and one or more sub breakers, toggling off the main breaker will also shut off the corresponding one or more sub breakers. In some embodiments, only one of the breakers in the electric meter  1 ″ may be configured as a main breaker, with the remaining breakers configured as sub breakers. In other embodiments, one breaker on each side of the electric meter  1 ″ may be configured as a main breaker, with the other breakers on each side being configured as sub breakers of the main breaker on their side. Any other configuration of main and sub breakers are also possible. The configuration of at least one breaker as a main breaker and at least one breaker as a sub breaker may be accomplished, for example, through the wiring and arrangement of the busbars within the electric meter  1 ″ or other device. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates a cutaway view of a region where an electric meter engages a main panel. In particular,  FIG. 5A  cutaway view of a region where a backmost profile portion  17  of a transparent cover or housing of an electric meter engages with a flanged metal portion  19  of a front panel member of a main service panel when the electric meter is inserted into a meter socket of the main service panel. 
     However, even after the electric meter has been properly installed in the meter socket of the main service panel, and a retaining ring  15  (shown in profile) has been placed around the entire circumference of the backmost profile portion  17  of the cover of the electric meter and tightened down, the possibility still exists that water (from, for example, wind-driven rain, snow melting in the vicinity of the flanged metal portion  19  of the front panel member, etc.) can be introduced between the interior region of the backmost portion  17  of the cover of the electric meter and the convex surface of the flanged metal portion  19  of the front panel member of the main service panel, thereby entering the main service panel and potentially coming into contact with the insertion jaws of the meter socket of the main service panel. This may pose a safety hazard. 
       FIG. 5B  illustrates a cutaway view of an alternate embodiment region where an electric meter engages a main panel, including a seal. In particular,  FIG. 5B  illustrates a magnified cutaway view of a region where a backmost profile portion  18  of a transparent cover or housing of an electric meter engages with a flanged metal portion  19  of a front panel member of a main service panel when the electric meter is inserted into a meter socket of the main service panel. It can be seen that the cross-section of profile portion  18  differs from that of profile portion  17  depicted in  FIG. 15 . In addition, outermost lateral surface of the backmost profile portion  18  has been fitted with a form-fitting flange retention member that catches and fixedly retains the terminus of flanged portion  19 . Waterproof sealing material  20  may be disposed circumferentially between the convex outer surface of the flanged metal panel  19  and the interior of the backmost profile portion  18  of the transparent cover of the electric meter. 
       FIG. 6A  illustrates a surface-mounted or flush-mounted breaker panel without an electric meter. The breaker panel  60  can also be referred to as a main service panel. As illustrated, a meter socket comprises two utility-side, or line-side, insertion jaws,  14   a  and  14   b , and two load-side insertion jaws,  13   a  and  13   b . Utility-side insertion jaws  14   a  and  14   b  are in respective electrical communication with A-phase 120 VAC and B-phase 120 VAC power lines (not shown in  FIG. 6A ) from the utility. Load-side insertion jaws  13   a  and  13   b  are in respective electrical communication with the main breaker (not shown) of panel  60 . Panel  22   a , seated beneath the meter socket, can include a portion which is flanged in profile and which facilitates securement of an electric meter to panel  60 . Hinged door  22   b  covers the area of the panel  60  in which a main circuit breaker, sub circuit breaker, or branch circuit breakers, can be disposed, along with A-phase and B-phase busbars. 
     Panel  22   c  covers an area of the panel  60  through which utility wiring can be located. In some embodiments, a utility common wire from an overhead electrical service can be routed through this area prior to being mechanically and electrically connected to a common or neutral bar  53  (see  FIG. 6B ) in the panel  60 . In some other embodiments, the utility mains from an underground utility service conduit can be routed through this area prior to being electrically connected to electrical lugs  50  (see  FIG. 6C ) that are in electrical communication with insertion jaws  14   a ,  14   b  of the meter socket. The utility common can also be routed through this area prior to being mechanically and electrically connected to a common or neutral bar in the panel  60 . 
       FIG. 6B  illustrates the panel of  FIG. 6A , with the hinged door  22   b  open. In the illustrated embodiment, the wire  54  connects A-phase 120 VAC, in electrical communication with the load-side insertion jaw  13   a , to main breaker  56 , and wire  55  connects B-phase 120 VAC, in electrical communication with the load-side insertion jaw  13   b , to main breaker  56 . Common ground bar  53  is in electrical communication with the common (or ground) wire  51  (see  FIG. 6C ), coming into the panel  60  from the utility. 
       FIG. 6C  illustrates the breaker panel of  FIGS. 6A and 6B , with panels removed. In particular, it can be seen that panels  22   a  and  22   c  have been removed. Wire  57  is in electrical communication with the A-phase 120 VAC power line from the utility. Wire  58  is in electrical communication with the B-phase 120 VAC power line from the utility. Wire  51  is in electrical communication with the utility common. Each of wires  51 ,  57 , and  58  are introduced to panel  60  through one or more metal or PVC conduits, also referred to as a riser (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, wire  57  is secured in an electrical lug  50  that is in electrical communication with utility-side insertion jaw  14   a , wire  58  is secured in an electrical lug  50  that is in electrical communication with utility-side insertion jaw  14   b , and wire  51  is secured in an electrical lug  50  that is in electrical communication with common or neutral bar  53 , such as via jumper bar  52 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, one end of wire  54  is mechanically secured to an electrical lug  50  that is in electrical communication with load-side insertion jaw  13   a , and the other end of wire  54  is inserted into and mechanically secured to an electrical lug (not shown) in main breaker  56 . Likewise, one end of wire  55  is mechanically secured to an electrical lug  50  that is in electrical communication with load-side insertion jaw  13   b ; the other end of wire  55  is inserted into and mechanically secured to an electrical lug (not shown) in main breaker  56 . Until an electric meter is inserted into and properly seated in insertion jaws  14   a  &amp;  14   b  and  13   a  &amp;  13   b , neither A-phase 120 VAC electricity nor B-phase 120 VAC electricity is actually present in either wire  54  or wire  55 . After proper installation of an electric meter, A-phase 120 VAC and B-phase 120 VAC electricity transits the electrical meter, entering the meter via line-side conductive prongs and exiting the meter via load-side conductive prongs. 
       FIG. 7A  illustrates bypassing elements installed between a surface-mounted main service panel and an electric meter. As illustrated, original electric meter  64  has been pulled from the meter socket of main service panel  61  in which it had been seated, meter extension  59  has been inserted into the meter socket of panel  61 , and the original electric meter  64  has been inserted into the outwardly facing receiving surface, alternatively referred to as the face, of meter extension  59 . Also as illustrated, conduit  62 , which may be flexible or rigid, is in mechanical communication with both meter extension  59  and junction box  63 ; and four wires are routed through conduit  62  between meter extension  59  and junction box  63 , as shown in greater detail in  FIGS. 7B and 7C . 
     Wire  171   a  is in electrical communication with A-phase 120 VAC from the utility, tapped from the A-phase power transfer bar that provides electrical continuity from the load-side A-phase insertion jaw of the meter socket of main panel  61  into which load-side prong off meter extension  59  is inserted to the load-side jaw at the face of meter extension  59  into which the load-side prong of meter  64  is inserted. In a similar fashion, wire  171   b  is in electrical communication with B-phase 120 VAC from the utility, tapped from the B-phase power transfer bar that provides electrical continuity from the load-side B-phase insertion jaw of the meter socket of main panel  61  into which load-side prong of meter extension  59  is inserted to the load-side jaw b at the face of meter extension  59  into which the load-side prong of meter  64  is inserted. Wire  171   c  is in electrical communication with the common or neutral wire from the utility, and wire  171   d  is in electrical communication with a local grounding rod (not shown). The meter extension  59 , conduit  62 , and junction box  63  thus collectively serve as bypassing elements. 
       FIG. 7B  illustrates a front view of the junction box depicted in profile in  FIG. 7A . The mechanical and electrical connections in the illustrated embodiment are depicted in greater detail in  FIG. 7B , such as the mechanical and electrical connections made between the ends of the above-described four wires routed through conduit  62  from meter extension  59  to dedicated elements within junction box  63 . The stripped end of wire  171   a  is secured in electrical lug  50   a , which is in mechanical communication with busbar  173   a , thereby establishing electrical communication between wire  171   a  and busbar  173   a , electrifying busbar  173   a  with A-phase 120 VAC. Similarly, the stripped end of wire  171   b  is secured in an electrical lug  50   b , which is in mechanical communication with busbar  173   b , thereby establishing electrical communication between wire  171   b  and busbar  173   b , electrifying busbar  173   b  with B-phase 120 VAC. The stripped end of wire  171   c  is secured in an electrical lug of insulated neutral or common bar  173   c  (see  FIG. 7C ), and the stripped end of wire  171   d  is secured in an electrical lug of grounding bar  173   d . In some jurisdictions, electrical code mandates that both ground and neutral lines be secured within a junction box or subpanel during the installation of microinverter-based alternative energy sources. 
     As illustrated in both  FIGS. 7B and 7C , a double-pole alternative energy breaker  175  is installed in junction box  63 . It can be seen that the alternative energy breaker  175  engages both the A-phase and B-phase busbars. Both busbar  173   a  and busbar  173   b  are continuously powered. If additional alternative energy breaker or breakers were to be inserted into junction box  63  beside breaker  175 , toggling breaker  175  off would not shut off power to the other breaker(s). The A-phase and B-phase wires from alternative energy sources can be routed through a conduit to junction box  63 , for connection to respective alternative energy breaker(s), entering junction box  63  via an appropriate means, such as a partially stamped opening in a side of junction box  63 , also referred to as a “knock out” in which a threaded end of the conduit is secured inside junction box  63 . 
       FIG. 7C  illustrates a side view of the junction box  63  shown in profile in  FIG. 7A .  FIG. 7D  illustrates bypassing elements installed between a flush-mounted main service panel  61  and its electric meter  64 , in manner similar or identical to that set forth above in the description of  FIG. 7A . 
       FIG. 7E  illustrates a front view of an alternative embodiment of a junction box. The junction box  63 ′ includes similar internal elements to those disposed in junction  63 , which can be utilized in some embodiments in lieu of the junction box  63  illustrated and described above in  FIGS. 7A-7D . However, the junction box  63 ′ and the junction box  63  differ in the manner in which the respective A-phase and B-phase busbars in each box are powered. 
     As set described above with respect to  FIGS. 7B and 7C , busbars  173   a  and  173   b  in junction box  63  are powered by dedicated connections with wires  171   a  and  171   b , respectively, which are in electrical communication with the A-phase 120 VAC and B-phase 120 VAC from the utility. By contrast, the busbars  173   a ′ and  173   b ′ in junction box  63 ′ are only powered when a main circuit breaker  175 ′, into which wires in electrical communication with the A- and B-phase 120 VAC lines from the utility have been inserted, is seated or otherwise installed, on busbars  173   a ′ and  173   b ′ in junction box  63 ′. In such an arrangement, in the event that alternative breakers (not shown) are installed in junction box  63 ′ downstream of the main breaker  175 ′, toggling of the main breaker  175 ′ will simultaneously shut off all electrical power to those alternative energy breakers. This differs from the manner in which alternative energy breakers are managed in junction box  63 , in that any alternative energy breaker(s) disposed in a junction box such as junction box  63 , whose busbars are powered by dedicated connections with wires from the utility, can be turned off or on independently of one another. 
       FIG. 7F  illustrates an enlarged view a junction box similar to the junction box of  FIG. 7E . In  FIG. 7F  it can be seen that main breaker  175 ′ is installed at the opposite end of the busbars  173   a ′ and  173   b ′, to more clearly illustrate the depiction of the connection of wires within the junction box  63 ′. 
       FIGS. 8A through 8C  illustrate certain steps in the installation of a meter extension and electric meter in a main panel.  FIG. 8A  illustrates a meter extension  11 , an electric meter  64 , and a surface-mount main panel  61  from which electric meter  64  has been pulled. As illustrated, load-side insertion jaw  13   a  and receiving side member  66   a  are in mechanical and electrical communication with one another, and electrical lug  50   a  is in mechanical and electrical communication with receiving side member  66   a . One end of wire  54  is secured in electrical lug  50   a , and the other end of wire  54  is inserted into and mechanically secured in an electrical lug of main circuit breaker  56  (see  FIG. 8C ) of the main panel  61 . 
     Similarly, as illustrated, load-side insertion jaw  13   b  and receiving side member  66   b  are in mechanical and electrical communication with one another, and electrical lug  50   b  is in mechanical and electrical communication with receiving side member  66   b . One end of wire  55  is secured in electrical lug  50   b , and the other end of wire  55  is in inserted into and mechanically secured to an electrical lug of a main circuit breaker of the main panel  61 . 
     Load-side prongs  65   a  and  65   b  of meter extension  11  are to be inserted into load-side insertion jaws  13   a  and  13   b , respectively. Line-side prongs are also inserted into line-side insertion prongs (not shown), respectively. 
     Wires  67  and  68  are bypass taps that are respectively used to bring A-phase 120 VAC to an A-phase busbar and B-phase 120 VAC to a B-phase busbar in the meter extension  11 . As illustrated, power transfer bar  70   a  is in electrical communication with both load-side prong  65   a  and load-side insertion jaw  69   a  of meter extension  11 . Also as illustrated, power transfer bar  70   b  is in electrical communication with both load-side prong  65   b  and load-side insertion jaw  69   b  of meter extension  11 . One end of A-phase tap wire  67  is secured in electrical lug  50   c  that is in electrical communication with power transfer bar  70   a . The other end of A-phase tap wire  67  is connected to an A-phase 120 VAC busbar housed within meter extension  11 . One end of B-phase tap wire  68  is secured in electrical lug  50   d  that is in electrical communication with power transfer bar  70   b . The other end of B-phase tap wire  68  is connected to a B-phase 120 VAC busbar housed within meter extension  11 , which, as illustrated, is positioned to be inserted into main panel  61  in a subsequent step, as can be seen in  FIG. 8B . 
     In  FIG. 8B  load-side insertion prongs  65   a  and  65   b  of meter extension  11  have been fully inserted into load-side insertion jaw  13   a  and  13   b  of main panel  61 , respectively. Although not illustrated, line-side insertion prongs (not shown) of meter extension  11  have also been fully inserted into line-side insertion jaws (not shown), respectively, along with the insertion of load-side insertion prongs  65   a  and  65   b  of meter extension  11  into load-side insertion jaws  13   a  and  13   b , resulting in the installation of meter extension  11  in main panel  61 . 
     In  FIG. 8C  the electric meter  64  has been inserted into meter extension  11 . This can be accomplished, for example, simply by respectively inserting load-side insertion prongs of the electric meter  64  into load-side insertion jaws of the meter extension  11 , and inserting line-side insertion prongs  8   a  and  8   b  of electric meter  64  into line-side insertion jaws  69   c  and  69   d , respectively, and ensuring that the meter is fully seated in the meter extension  11 . Both the meter extension  11  and electric meter  64  can be respectively secured with retaining rings, to the flange of the surface mount  61  in the case of the meter extension  11 , and to the outermost collar of meter extension  11  in the case of the electric meter  64 . 
       FIG. 9A  illustrates a front view of a meter extension that utilizes at least one overcurrent protection device.  FIG. 9B  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 9A .  FIG. 9C  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 9A .  FIG. 9D  illustrates a top view of the meter extension of  FIG. 9A .  FIG. 9E  illustrates a back view of the meter extension of  FIG. 9A . 
     As illustrated, the meter extension  11  depicts a slightly recessed meter socket comprising line-side insertion jaws  69   c  and  69   d , and load-side insertion jaws  69   a  and  69   b , in a housing  6 . An integral circumferential collar (not numbered) is provided at the outward end of the housing  6  of the meter extension  11 , which will facilitate the secured connection of an electric meter (not shown) to the meter extension  11  via a retaining ring (not shown). The meter extension  11  may be circular in cross section, and is shown with an access door  2  open on the left side. A latch  5  is provided to hold down door  2  when it is closed. An aperture  7  or knockout or cutout is dimensioned to accommodate a threaded end of a rigid conduit member (not shown) for connecting an external device to at least one bypass breaker  3  (not shown). For example, an alternative energy source may be connected to the at least one bypass breaker  3  via electrical wires or leads (not shown), which may be guided through the threaded end of the conduit member for connection to bypass breaker  3  (not shown). 
     As can be seen in  FIG. 9B , the meter extension  11  includes at least one bypass breaker  3  on the left side, disposed at least partially within housing  6  of meter extension  11 . Also illustrated are load-side insertion prong  65   a  and line-side insertion prong  65   c . (Neither line-side insertion prong  65   d  nor load-side insertion prong  65   b  is visible in this view.) 
     As can be seen in  FIG. 9C  ( FIG. 64 , top right figure) illustrates a right side view of the meter extension  11  shown and described above in  FIGS. 9A and 9B . As illustrated, meter extension  11  further comprises a line-side insertion prong  65   d  and a load-side insertion prong  65   b . An additional overcurrent protection device is not provided on the right side of the electrical meter  1 , but at least one may be in other embodiments. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a front view of a meter extension that utilizes at least one overcurrent protection device (OCPD). The meter extension  11  depicts a slightly recessed meter socket comprising line-side insertion jaws  69   c  and  69   d , and load-side insertion jaws  69   a  and  69   b , in a housing  6 . An integral circumferential collar (not numbered) is provided at the outward end of the housing  6  of the meter extension  11 , and can facilitate the secured connection of an electric meter to the meter extension  11  via a retaining ring (not shown). The meter extension  11  may be circular in cross section, and is shown with an access door  2  closed on the left side. A latch  5  is provided to hold down door  2  when it is closed. An aperture  7  (not shown) is dimensioned to accommodate a threaded end of a rigid conduit member for connecting an external device to at least one bypass breaker covered by the access door  2 . For example, an alternative energy source may be connected to the at least one bypass breaker via electrical wires or leads, which may be guided through a threaded end of the conduit member for connection to the bypass breaker. 
       FIG. 11A  is a front view of a meter extension that utilizes at least one overcurrent protection device.  FIG. 11B  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 11A .  FIG. 11C  illustrates a right side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 11A . As illustrated, the meter extension  11 ′ depicts a slightly recessed meter socket comprising line-side insertion jaws  69   c  and  69   d , and load-side insertion jaws  69   a  and  69   b , in a housing  6 . An integral circumferential collar (not numbered) can be provided at the outward end of the housing  6  of the meter extension  11 ′, which can facilitate the secured connection of an electric meter to the meter extension  11 ′ via a retaining ring (not shown). The meter extension  11 ′ may be circular in cross section, and is shown with an access door  2   a  open on the left side, and an access door  2   b  open on the right side. On each side of meter extension  11 , a latch  5  is provided to hold down doors  2   a  and  2   b  when they are closed. One or more apertures  7  are dimensioned to accommodate a threaded end of a rigid conduit member (not shown) for connecting an external device to at least one bypass breaker on each side of meter extension  11 ′. For example, an alternative energy source may be connected to the bypass breaker via electrical wires or leads, which may be guided through a threaded end of the conduit member for connection to one of the bypass breakers. 
     As can be seen in  FIG. 11B , the meter extension  11 ′ includes at least one bypass breaker  3   a  on the left side, disposed at least partially within housing  6  of meter extension  11 ′. Also illustrated are load-side insertion prong  65   a  and line-side insertion prong  65   c . (Neither load-side insertion prong  65   b  nor line-side insertion prong  65   d  is visible in this view.) 
     As can be seen in  FIG. 11C , meter extension  11 ′ further comprises a line-side insertion prong  65   d  and a load-side insertion prong  65   b . Also as illustrated, the right side of meter extension  11 ′ includes multiple bypass breakers  3   b  disposed at least partially within housing  6  of meter extension  11 ′. Although a specific embodiment is depicted in  FIGS. 11A through 11C , in other embodiments, a meter extension may include zero, one, two, three, four, or more bypass breakers on a given side. As discussed elsewhere, these bypass breakers may be any combination of main and sub breakers, and may include either or both of fixed breakers or interchangeable breakers. 
       FIG. 12A  illustrates a front view of a meter extension that utilizes at least one overcurrent protection device (OCPD). As illustrated, the meter extension  11 ″ depicts a slightly recessed meter socket comprising line-side insertion jaws  69   c  and  69   d , and load-side insertion jaws  69   a  and  69   b , in a housing  6 . An integral circumferential collar (not numbered) is provided at the outward end of the housing  6  of the meter extension  11 ″, which will facilitate the secured connection of an electric meter to the meter extension  11 ″ via a retaining ring (not shown). The meter extension  11 ″ may be circular in cross section, and is shown with an access door  2   a  open on the left side, and an access door  2   b  open on the right side. On each side of meter extension  11 ″, latches  5  are provided to hold down door  2   a  and  2   b  when they are closed. One or more apertures are dimensioned to accommodate a threaded end of a rigid conduit member (not shown) for connecting an external device to at least one bypass breaker  3  (not shown) on each side of meter extension  11 ″. For example, an alternative energy source may be connected to the at least one bypass breaker  3  via electrical wires or leads (not shown), which may be guided through the threaded end of the conduit member for connection to bypass breaker  3  (not shown). 
       FIG. 12B  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 12A . In the illustrated embodiment, four bypass breakers  3   a  are disposed at least partially within housing  6  of meter extension  11 ″, although in other embodiments any suitable number of breakers may be included. At least one of the illustrated bypass breakers  3   a  may be configured to function as a main bypass breaker, with the remaining bypass breakers  3   a  being configured to function as sub breakers, although other configurations may also be used in other embodiments. As described in greater detail elsewhere in the specification, a main bypass breaker, so disposed, can be used to cut off all power from subsidiary bypass breakers, and thus from any alternative energy sources connected to same in the meter extension  11 . Also visible are load-side insertion prong  65   a  and line-side insertion prong  65   c.    
       FIG. 12C  illustrates a right side view of the meter extension of  FIG. 12A . As illustrated, at least four bypass breakers  3   b  are disposed at least partially within housing  6  of meter extension  11 ″. At least one of the bypass breakers  3   b  may be a main bypass breaker, the remaining bypass breakers  3   b  being sub breakers. Also visible are line-side insertion prong  65   d  and a load-side insertion prong  65   b.    
       FIGS. 13A through 13C  illustrate certain steps in the installation of an offset bypass breaker panel onto a main service panel.  FIG. 13A  illustrates an offset bypass breaker panel  71  and an electric meter  64  which will be installed onto a main service panel  61 . Main service panel  61  comprises, inter alia, a meter socket (not shown in its entirety in this view) having an A-phase load-side insertion jaw  13   a  that is in electrical communication, via wire  54 , with a main breaker (not shown) of main panel  61 , and a B-phase load-side insertion jaw  13   b  that is in electrical communication, via wire  55 , with a main breaker (not shown) of main panel  61 . 
     Installation of offset panel  71  onto the main panel  61  is accomplished by first bringing offset bypass breaker panel  71  into approximate vertical and horizontal alignment with the meter socket of main panel  61 . Such alignment ensures that two pairs  72   a  and  72   b  of electrically conductive gripping elements, respectively, of offset bypass breaker panel  71  are in register with load-side insertion jaws  13   a  and  13   b  of the meter socket. As illustrated, power transfer bars  73   a  and  73   b  of offset bypass breaker panel  71  respectively connect with the outermost electrically conductive gripping elements of A-phase gripping element pair  72   a  and B-phase gripping element pair  72   b . Power transfer bars  73   a  and  73   b  are connected to electrical lugs  50   a  and  50   b , respectively, in which wires  74   a  and  74   b  are respectively secured. Wire  74   a  in electrical communication with an A-phase bus bar (not shown) of offset bypass breaker panel  71 , and wire  74   b  is in electrical communication with a B-phase bus bar (not shown) of offset bypass breaker panel  71 . Electrical lugs  50   a  and  50   b , and wires  74   a  and  74   b  represent one means of routing A-phase and B-phase 120 VAC, respectively, to the A-phase busbar and B-phase busbar of offset bypass breaker panel  71 , although other means may be used in other embodiments. As also described elsewhere in the specification (see, for example, the discussion of  FIG. 14A  below), power transfer bars in electrical communication with the load-side insertion jaws of main panel  61  may also be configured to be in electrical communication with the A- and B-phase busbars disposed in offset bypass breaker panel  71 . 
     In  FIG. 13B , the back surface of offset bypass breaker panel  71  has been pressed in abutting arrangement against the front surface of main panel  61  surrounding (i.e., above, below, and to the sides) the meter socket (not shown) of main panel  61 , ensuring that the two pairs of electrically conductive gripping elements  72   a  and  72   b  of offset bypass breaker panel  71  are in contact with the outermost lateral surfaces of load-side insertion jaws  13   a  and  13   b . In some embodiments, the gripping elements  72   a  and  72   b  may be configured to securely grip the load-side insertion jaws  13   a  and  13   b , but in other embodiments, supplemental securement of the offset breaker panel  71  in place may be provided by appropriate structures, such as adhesives, fasteners, or other securement means. 
     In  FIG. 13C , meter  64  has been reinserted into the load-side insertion jaws  13   a  &amp;  13   b  and line-side insertion jaws (not shown) from which it was pulled prior to the installation of offset bypass breaker panel  71 . Once so reinstalled, electric meter  64  maintaining substantially the same outward extension beyond the face of main panel  61 , in contrast to the additional distance that the meter  64  would extend if a meter extension was used instead of the offset bypass breaker panel  71 , was used to bypass the busbars of the main panel  61 . This arrangement can provide an advantage over meter extensions with regard to maintaining the original profile of an electric meter while still bypassing the busbars of a main panel. The geometry of this particular arrangement is due to the offset bypass breaker panel  71  described herein establishing electrical communication with the main panel  61  by gripping the outermost lateral surfaces of the load-side insertion jaws  13   a  and  13   b  of the meter socket with electrically conductive gripping elements. By making this connection on the outside of the load-side insertion jaws  13   a  and  13   b , this leaves the original slots in the load-side insertion jaws unoccupied, thereby allowing electric meter  64  to be reinserted into the same load-side insertion jaws  13   a  and  13   b  from which it was pulled. Attachment screws (not shown) may be used along the periphery of offset bypass breaker panel  71  to provide additional or supplemental securement of offset breaker panel  71  to main panel  61 . 
     The reinsertion of electric meter  64  into the meter socket of main panel  61  reestablishes electrical connection between line-side insertion jaws (not shown) and load-side insertion jaws  13   a  and  13   b  of the meter socket of main panel  61 . A- and B-phase 120 VAC is provided to the busbars of offset bypass breaker panel  71 , from power bars or wires in electrical communication with the two pairs of electrically conductive gripping elements,  72   a  and  72   b , of offset bypass breaker panel  71 , which are in electrical communication with the load-side insertion jaws  13   a  and  13   b  of the meter socket of main panel  61 . A retaining ring (not shown) can be secured about the base of electric meter  64 , further securing offset bypass breaker panel  71  to main panel  61 . 
       FIG. 14A  illustrates a front view of an integral electric meter-alternative energy breaker panel system.  FIG. 14B  illustrates a left side view of the integral bypass system of  FIG. 14A . As illustrated, integral bypass system  140  comprises an electric meter  141  which can be similar to the electric meter  1  illustrated and described above regarding, among others,  FIGS. 1A-1F . In the illustrated implementation the electric meter  141  includes, among other elements, at least one display  10 , which may be an LCD or other suitable display device. The bypassing of the busbars of a main service panel (not shown) occurs by tapping, whether inside or outside the meter, the A- and B-phase load-side insertion prongs of the meter socket of a main service panel and connecting these taps, which may in some embodiments be wires or power transfer bars, to A- and B-phase busbars used to power at least one circuit breaker. In some embodiments, the circuit breaker may be a double-pole 120/240 VAC circuit breaker in electrical communication with an alternative energy source. 
     The integral bypass system  140  depicted in  FIGS. 14A and 14B  includes a bypass breaker panelboard, which in the illustrated embodiment is incorporated as an integral part of a laterally extending portion on the left side of housing  6  of the integral bypass system  140 . This bypass breaker panelboard portion of the housing  6  of integral bypass system  140  is dimensioned to accommodate at least one overcurrent protection device, and is configured with a door or cover  2 , which can be held down, when closed, by a latch  5 , that provides access to at least one bypass breaker  76  (see  FIG. 14B ) that may be inserted at least partially within the breaker panel portion of housing  6 . 
     An A-phase busbar and a B-phase busbar (such as the busbars shown in  FIGS. 15A and 15B ) can be disposed toward the back or rear of the bypass breaker panelboard portion of the housing  6  of integral bypass system  140  The A-phase 120 VAC busbar can be in electrical communication, via a tap, with an A-phase load-side insertion prong of integral bypass system  140 , and the B-phase 120 VAC busbar can be in electrical communication, via a tap with the B-phase load-side insertion prong of integral bypass system  140 . As described in greater detail elsewhere in the specification, these busbars may be either fixed or interchangeable, and the at least one bypass breaker  76  connected to these busbars may be either fixed or interchangeable. 
     Also depicted in  FIG. 14B  (although not specifically illustrated in  FIG. 14A ) is a flexible or rigid conduit  75 , through which A- and B-phase wires can be routed from at least one alternative energy source to be placed in electrical communication with at least one bypass breaker  76  inserted onto the A-phase and B-phase busbars in integral bypass system  140 . 
     As can be seen in  FIG. 14B , a breaker cover  79  is disposed within the bypass breaker panelboard portion of housing  6 , and a circuit breaker  76 , which can serve as an alternative energy bypass breaker and can in some embodiments be a common double-pole 120/240 VAC breaker, is installed. The ability to utilize busbars and breakers  76  in integral bypass system  140  that have been manufactured by the same company that manufactured a main service panel into which integral bypass system  140  is inserted (most notably, the main A- and B-phase 120 VAC busbars and circuit breakers (main and subsidiary or branch) of the main service panel), can enable connection of higher power-output alternative energy systems to integral bypass system  140  than those allowed in systems not having such interchangeability options regarding their busbars and the alternative energy bypass breaker. This benefit is not unique to the particular embodiment of  FIGS. 14A and 14B , but can also be applicable to other embodiments discussed herein which utilize interchangeable busbars and breakers. 
     For example, in the absence of interchangeable breakers, codes, regulations or warranties may limit the rating of generic breakers which can be installed in a bypass breaker device. When the bypass busbars and breakers are manufactured by the same entity or otherwise compatible with the main panel components, a user may be permitted to exceed these generic limits. For example, the use of interchangeable busbars and breakers which have the same manufacturer as the main panel components may allow breakers with ratings higher than 60 amps or any other threshold value, or multiple breakers with a combined rating higher than 60 amps or any other threshold value. This may be of particular use in three-phase installations or commercial installations, in which it may be desirable to utilize breakers with very high ratings. It can also facilitate the simultaneous use of multiple alternative energy devices, which may together exceed a baseline generic rating, especially when peak generation periods of the alternative energy devices occur simultaneously, such as a sunny and windy afternoon when solar and wind power systems will both be very productive. 
     Like the electric bypass meters described herein, devices such as the embodiment of  FIGS. 14A and 14B , in which the breakers are at least partially laterally or otherwise offset from a meter, may cause the electrical meter and associated components to extend a shorter distance outward from a wall or panel than devices which use a meter extension aligned with the meter. By reducing this distance, the electric meter and associated components can be more readily incorporated into spaces with less clearance between a wall or panel and another object. In addition, by reducing the distance that the meter extends outward, the meter may be made more mechanically stable, and impacts or other forces exerted on the end of the meter will be less likely to damage or break the meter due to the shorter effective lever arm. For example, children may be less likely to hurt themselves or damage a meter when climbing or hanging on a meter with an offset breaker device, or integrated breakers. 
       FIG. 15A  illustrates the integral bypass system of  FIGS. 14A and 14B  with the breaker cover removed. As illustrated, wires  151   a  and  151   b , which may be connect to an alternative energy source, have been routed via conduit  75  into the bypass breaker panelboard portion of housing  6  of integral bypass system  140  and placed in electrical communication with bypass breaker  76  installed in same. 
     The at least one bypass breaker  76  can be a common double-pole 120/240 VAC circuit breaker that is dedicated to the alternative energy source with which wires  151   a  and  151   b  are in electrical communication. Busbars  77  and  78  can be connected to A- and B-phase 120 VAC power via taps from load-side insertion prongs to electrical lugs in respective electrical communication with busbars  77  and  78 , in a similar fashion to other embodiments discussed herein. In such an embodiment, busbars  77  and  78  are directly powered, and can alternately be referred to as live busbars or live bussing. In the illustrated embodiment and other embodiments disclosed herein in which live bussing is utilized, main circuit breakers in connection with the live bussing are not used. As a result, each individual circuit breaker used in live-bussed bypass systems only controls the particular alternative energy system (or other system component) with which it is in electrical communication. 
     As described in greater detail elsewhere in the specification, each of the embodiments of bypass systems disclosed herein may be configured to have either live bussing, in which (at least for residential service applications) tapped A- and B-phase 120 VAC can be in direct electrical communication with the A- and B-phase bussing via soldering or securement in electrical lugs connected to the busbars, or bussing in which A- and B-phase 120 VAC is provided to the busbars through a main circuit breaker. In bypass systems in which either single- or three-phase power to the busbars is provided to the busbars via main circuit breakers, all subsidiary (or branch) alternative energy breakers connected to the busbars below the main circuit breaker could be shut off simultaneously simply by toggling off the main circuit breaker. 
       FIG. 15B  illustrates an alternative embodiment of an integral bypass system that differs from the integral bypass system of  FIG. 15A  in that its busbars are not live, but are instead powered through the use of a main circuit breaker. This means that wires that respectively tap A- and B-phase 120 VAC from load-side insertion prongs of the integral bypass system  140 ′ are inserted into main circuit breaker  76 , and as long as main circuit breaker  76  is toggled on, busbars  77  and  78  are powered by A- and B-phase 120 VAC, respectively. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an offset bypass breaker panel. The offset bypass breaker panel  160  can be used to bypass the busbars of a main surface panel, which can in some embodiments be a surface-mounted main service panel or a flush-mounted main service panel. After removing an existing electric meter of the main service panel, electrically conductive gripping elements  72  of offset bypass breaker panel  160  can grip outermost lateral surfaces of the A- and B-phase load-side insertion jaws of the meter socket of the main service panel, as described elsewhere herein. Power transfer bars  73  (only one of which is visible in profile) transfer A- and B-phase 120 VAC power to A-phase bussing  84  and B-phase bussing  83 . Breakers  76 , such as common double-pole 120/240 VAC breakers, are shown installed on prongs ( 84   p ,  83   p ) of A- and B-phase bussing  84  and  83 . Breaker cover  79 , which can has knockouts (not shown) for accommodating additional alternative energy breakers beneath breakers  76  in the panelboard portion of the offset bypass breaker panel  160 , is provided behind a door  2 , which may a waterproof door held down by latch  5 . Although illustrated as coming in from the top of the panel  160 , the conduit may enter the panel  160  from any suitable side, and multiple cutouts may be provided in an offset bypass breaker panel to allow a variety of installation options. 
     As illustrated, a cutout  167  is provided at the top surface of panelboard housing, into which the threaded end of a rigid conduit (not shown) may be secured. A-phase and B-phase wires from at least one alternative energy source can be routed through a rigid conduit to be placed, pairwise, with individual alternative energy breakers  76 . Waterproofing gasket  88 , made of any suitable waterproofing material, can be disposed on the rearmost surface of offset bypass breaker panel  160  and four attachment screws  90  can be provided to redundantly secure offset bypass breaker panel  160  to a main service panel to which it has been inserted, or to any other suitable structure. 
     The installation of offset bypass breaker panel  160  can include the reinsertion of the original electric meter into the meter socket of the main service panel, and can also include the placement and tightening of a retaining ring around the base of the electric meter. 
       FIG. 17A  illustrates a front view of a surface-mounted or flush-mounted main service pane.  FIG. 17B  illustrates a right side view of the main panel of  FIG. 17A . For single-phase residential service, a conventional electric meter  64  has four insertion prongs: A- and B-phase line-side insertion prongs, and A- and B-phase load-side insertion prongs. As described elsewhere herein, these insertion prongs are can be respectively seated in four meter socket insertion jaws. 
     The A- and B-phase line-side insertion jaws of the meter socket of main service panel  61  are in respective electrical communication with A- and B-phase 120 VAC wires from the utility, whereas the A- and B-phase 120 VAC load-side insertion jaws of the meter socket of main service panel  61  are in electrical communication with a main breaker in the circuit breaker panelboard of main service panel  61 . 
     Because the A- and B-phase line-side insertion prongs of electric meter  64  are in electrical communication inside the electric meter  64  with the A- and B-phase load-side insertion prongs of the electric meter  64 , A- and B-phase 120 VAC is respectively electrically communicated, via A- and B-phase tapping wires to the main breaker in the circuit breaker panelboard of main service panel  61 . It is in this manner that the main circuit breaker of main service panel  61 , is provided with A- and B-phase 120 VAC, thereby energizing the A- and B-phase main busbars of main service panel  61 . 
       FIG. 17C  illustrates the removal of the electric meter from the main service panel of  FIG. 17A . Prior to the removal of electric meter  64  from the meter socket of main panel  61 , a main circuit breaker in the circuit breaker panelboard of main panel  61  should be toggled off, thereby turning off electrical power to all circuits connected to the circuit breaker panel board of main panel  61 . If no main circuit breaker is disposed in the circuit breaker panelboard of main panel  61 , each circuit breaker disposed therein should be toggled off. 
     Although the removal of electric meter  64  from the meter socket of main panel  61  cuts off all electrical power to the circuit breaker panelboard, A- and B-phase insertion jaws of the meter socket of main panel  61  can remain energized by virtue of their being in electrical communication with the A- and B-phase 120 VAC from utility service wires, from utility service which can in some embodiments be either overhead or underground utility service. 
       FIG. 17D  illustrates a front view of components used in the installation of an offset bypass breaker panel in the main service panel of  FIG. 17A .  FIG. 17E  illustrates a right side view of the components of  FIG. 17D , depicted aligned with one another. The installation process may be similar in some respects to the process described with respect to  FIGS. 13A-13C . As illustrated, offset bypass breaker panel  71  comprises, inter alia, A- and B-phase power transfer bars  171   a  and  171   b . After offset bypass breaker panel  71  has been installed onto meter socket  172  of main panel  61 , and electric meter  64  has been reinserted into meter socket  172 , the power transfer bars  171   a  and  171   b  will be in respective electrical communication with A- and B-phase 120 VAC power. This connection will be made by the lower extremities of power transfer bars  171   a  and  171   b  being in mechanical and electrical communication with the outermost lateral surfaces of A- and B-phase load-side insertion jaws  175   a  and  175   b  of meter socket  172  of main panel  61 . Because the upper extremities of power transfer bars  171   a  and  171   b  are respectively secured in electrical lugs or other conductive structures in respective mechanical communication with the A- and B-phase busbars of offset bypass breaker panel  71 , A- and B-phase 120 VAC power is provided to the A- and B-phase busbars of offset bypass breaker panel  71  after both the offset bypass breaker panel  71  has been installed in meter socket  172  of main panel  61  and electric meter  64  has been reinserted and secured to main panel  61 . The A- and B-phase busbars of this embodiment of offset bypass breaker panel  71  will thus be live, so long as the utility lines are powered and a main circuit breaker is not disposed in panel  71 . 
     However, at least one alternative energy bypass breaker may be disposed in the panelboard area of offset bypass breaker panel  71 , and electrical communication between at least one alternative energy source and the at least one alternative energy bypass breaker can established via the routing of A- and B-phase wires from the at least one alternative energy source. As discussed above, this wiring can be routed through a rigid conduit, the threaded end of which is inserted in a cutout in the housing of panelboard of offset bypass breaker panel, and the stripped ends of the alternative energy breaker can be secured in the at least one alternative energy bypass breaker. 
       FIG. 17F  illustrates a front view of a subsequent step in the installation of the components of  FIG. 17D .  FIG. 17G  illustrates a right side view of this subsequent step. In  FIG. 17G , it can be seen that the offset bypass breaker panel  171  has been installed into the meter socket  172 . 
       FIG. 17H  illustrates a front view of the installed components of  FIG. 17D .  FIG. 17I  illustrates a right side view of the installed components of  FIG. 17H . In these figures, the offset bypass breaker panel  71  and an electric meter  64  are fully installed in a main service panel  61 . 
     In certain embodiments of the various bypass devices described herein, one or both of the bypass busbars and the bypass breakers may be interchangeable. In such embodiments, one or both of the busbars or the breakers can be installed within the bypass device prior to installation of the bypass device. As discussed above, such embodiments can allow the use of busbars and breakers in a bypass device which are from the same manufacturer as the breakers and busbars in a main panel, potentially allowing the use of higher-rated breakers in bypass devices than would otherwise be permissible. 
       FIGS. 18A-18C  illustrate front cutaway views of various steps in the installation of both interchangeable bussing and interchangeable breakers in a bypass electric meter. As illustrated, bypass electric meter  1  includes a housing  6  having access doors  2   a  and  2   b  on the left and right sides of the bypass electric meter  1 . The electric meter  1  also includes A- and B-phase 120 VAC line-side insertion prongs  8   a  and  8   b , and A- and B-phase 120 VAC load-side insertion prongs  8   c  and  8   d . In the illustrated embodiment, A- and B-phase bussing power transfer bars  84  and  83  of bypass electric meter  1  respectively tap the load-side insertion prongs  8   c  and  8   d  in bypass electric meter  1 . After bypass electric meter  1  is inserted into a meter socket of a main service panel, the power transfer bars  84  and  83  will provide A- and B-phase 120 VAC power to installed interchangeable bussing assemblies and the interchangeable breakers attached to the same in bypass electric meter  1 . 
     In  FIG. 18A  at least one interchangeable busbar  85   b  has been installed via the opening adjacent cover  2   b . At least one interchangeable busbar  85   a  is being inserted via the opening adjacent cover  2   a . These two busbars  85   a  and  85   b  may be of any suitable rating or amperage level, and may in some embodiments be manufactured by the same company that manufactured the main service panel into which the bypass electric meter  1  will be installed. In the illustrated embodiment, the busbars  85   a  and  85   b  are oriented vertically along their longest dimension, end to end, and can be installed by inserting a first end of the busbar into a retaining structure  181  and then bringing the second end of the busbar against a supporting surface and securing the opposite end in place using a hold-down screw or other appropriate securement method. The busbars  85   a  and  85   b  include one or more cleats  182  at one end of the busbars  85   a  and  85   b , which can be used to support a portion of a breaker, as described in greater detail in the following figures. 
     In  FIG. 18B , one interchangeable breaker  76   b  has been installed via the opening adjacent door  2 B and another interchangeable breaker  76   a  is being installed via the opposite opening adjacent door  2   a . As can best be seen with respect to the partially installed interchangeable breaker  76   a , a notched lower corner of the breaker  76   a  is seated on the cleat  182  of the interchangeable busbar  85   a . Subsequently, the breaker  76   a  can be rotated toward the busbar  85   a  while the notched lower corner is seated on the cleat  182 , so that the breaker  85   a  will begin to engage the outwardly extending portions of the bussing prongs, also referred to as “stabs.” In  FIG. 18B , these bussing prongs are depicted in profile as a rectangular projection, but other sizes and shapes of prongs may be used in other embodiments. The number of bussing prongs which will be engaged by a breaker will depend on the particular power configuration. In the illustrated single-phase embodiment, each breaker will engage an A-phase bussing prong and a B-phase bussing prong. 
     In the illustrated implementation, the busbars  85   a  and  85   b  are oriented in a substantially vertical arrangement, with the cleats located at the base of the busbars  85   a  and  85   b . While such an arrangement may facilitate the installation of breakers  76   a  and  76 B, any other arrangement of the busbars  85   a  and  85   b  may also be provided. 
     In  FIG. 18C , the interchangeable breaker  76   a  has also been installed and each of the circuit breakers  76   a  and  76 B are fully seated on the A-phase and B-phase busbars. In addition, a cover  79  has been installed over or around the installed interchangeable breaker  76   b . The cover  79  can in some embodiments cover substantially the entire breaker  76   b , allowing the reset button to extend therethrough, or can in other embodiments cover exposed space within the opening surrounding the breaker  76   b.    
       FIGS. 19A-19C  illustrate front cutaway views of various steps in the installation of interchangeable breakers in a bypass electric meter having fixed bussing. In  FIG. 19A , in contrast to the embodiment of the bypass electric meter illustrated in  FIG. 18A , it can be seen that fixed busbars  82   a  and  82   b  have been previously installed. The A- and B-phase bussing power transfer bars  84  and  83  of the bypass electric meter  1 ′ illustrated in this embodiment operate as described above with regard to the A- and B-phase bussing power transfer bars  84  and  83  of the bypass electric meter illustrated in  FIG. 18A , except that in the embodiment of bypass electric meter  1 ′ illustrated in  FIG. 19A , the A- and B-phase bussing power transfer bars  84  and  83  are in electrical communication with fixed busbars  82   a  and  82   b , not with, as illustrated in  FIGS. 18A-18C , interchangeable busbars  85   a  and  85   b.    
     In  FIG. 19B , two interchangeable breakers  76   a  and  76   b , respectively, have been installed in bypass electric meter  1 ′. Other than the use of fixed busbars  82   a  and  82   b  on each side of the bypass electric meter  1 ′ shown in  FIGS. 19A-19C , as opposed to the utilization of interchangeable busbars  85   a  and  85   b  on each side of the bypass electric meter  1  shown in  FIGS. 18A-18C , the installation of interchangeable breakers  76   a  and  76   b  in  FIG. 19B  can be performed in substantially the same fashion as the description of the installation of interchangeable breakers  76   a  set out above with respect to of  FIG. 18B . 
       FIG. 20  illustrates a cutaway view of another embodiment of a bypass electric meter which utilizes fixed bussing. Fixed busbars  82   a ′ and  82   b ′ differ slightly in structure from the fixed busbars of  FIG. 19A , and represent one of many alternative structures that can be used to provide interchangeable components within a bypass device. The particular shape, size, and arrangement of busbars and bussing power transfer bars  84  and  83  can vary significantly in different embodiments, and the illustrated embodiments are not intended to be the only manner in which such components can be arranged within a bypass device. 
       FIGS. 21A-21C  illustrate front cutaway views of the installation of interchangeable bussing and breakers in a meter bypass extension. In the illustrated embodiment, the interchangeable bussing  85   a  and  85   b  and interchangeable breakers  76   a  and  76   b  are installed in a similar manner to that set out above in the description of the installation of same in the bypass electric meter illustrated in  FIGS. 18A-18C , differing in that the installation is performed in a meter bypass extension  11 , not a bypass electric meter  1 . However, in other embodiments, the size, shape, and arrangements of the components may differ, due for example to the different components (or lack thereof) within a meter bypass extension when compared to a bypass electric meter. 
       FIG. 21D  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension bypass of  FIGS. 21A-21C . It can be seen that both access covers  2   a  and  2   b  are closed against their respective latches  5 . 
       FIGS. 22A and 22B  illustrate front cutaway views of the installation of interchangeable breakers in a meter extension having fixed bussing. In the illustrated embodiment, the interchangeable breakers  76   a  and  76   b  are installed in a similar manner to that set out above in the description of the installation of same in the bypass electric, differing in that the installation is performed in a meter bypass extension  11 ′, not a bypass electric meter  1 ′. As noted above, however, in other embodiments, the size, shape, and arrangements of the components may differ. 
       FIG. 22C  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension bypass  11 ′ described above with regard to  FIGS. 22A and 22B , but with both access covers  2   a  and  2   b  closed against their respective latches  5 . 
       FIG. 23A  illustrates a front cutaway view of a meter extension bypass that has fixed busing. The internal structures are, in the illustrated embodiment, substantially the same as those described with respect to  FIG. 20 , differing in that the fixed bussing is disposed within the meter extension bypass  11 ″ and not in a bypass electric meter  1 ″.  FIG. 23B  illustrates a front cutaway view of a meter extension bypass with fixed bussing and factory-fixed breakers. The internal structures are, in the illustrated embodiment, substantially the same as those of  FIG. 23A , except that factory fixed breakers  76   a  and  76   b  have been installed.  FIG. 23C  illustrates a left side view of the meter extension bypass of  FIG. 23A  but with both access covers closed against their respective latches. 
       FIG. 24  illustrates a three-phase, lug-type bussing assembly. The lug-type bussing assembly  95 , alternately referred to as a live bussing assembly, can be used in any of the bypass embodiments disclosed herein, including bypass electric meters, meter extension bypasses, or offset bypass breaker panels. The bussing assembly includes an A-phase busbar  91 , also referred to as an L1 busbar, a B-phase busbar  92 , also referred to as an L2 busbar, and a C-phase busbar  93 , also referred to as an L3 busbar. Each of busbars  91 ,  92 , and  93  have bussing prongs  98   a ,  98   b , and  98   c , respectively, which can be used to stab into and transfer three-phase power to at least one three-phase alternative energy breaker  96  installed onto three-phase bussing assembly  95 . The three-phase power is provided to bussing assembly  95  via three wires WL 1 , WL 2 , and WL 3  (not shown) that are in respective electrical communication with three-phase utility mains (via overhead or underground service). These wires WL 1 , WL 2 , and WL 3  can be respectively secured in electrical lugs  50   a ,  50   b , and  50   c  that are in respective electrical communication with busbars  91 ,  92 , and  93  of assembly  95 . Hold down prong  97  can be used for securing one end of bussing assembly  95  in a bypass system, and the other end of assembly  95  can be secured with screw  94 , although other securement methods and structures can alternatively be used. Cleats  241 , disposed on one side of three-phase bussing assembly  95  (and depicted in profile in the enlarged cross section detail in  FIG. 24 ) can be utilized when installing the at least one three-phase alternative energy breaker  96  on the bussing assembly  95 . 
       FIG. 25  illustrates another embodiment of a three-phase bussing assembly. The three-phase bussing assembly  95 ′ utilizes a three-phase main circuit breaker (not shown) in respective electrical communication with three-phase utility power wires to provide three-phase power to its busbars  91 ,  92 , and  93 —and thus to at least one three-phase alternative energy breaker (not shown) via busbar prongs  98   a ,  98   b , and  98   c . Bussing assembly  95 ′ also comprises breaker-mounting cleats  251 . 
       FIG. 26  illustrates a single-phase, lug-type bussing assembly. The lug-type or live bussing assembly  99  can be used in any of the bypass embodiments disclosed herein, including bypass electric meters, meter extension bypasses, or offset bypass breaker panels. The bussing assembly  99  comprises an A-phase busbar  91  and a B-phase busbar  92 . Busbars  91  and  92  are in respective electrical communication with electrical lugs  50   a  and  50   b , which in turn are in electrical communication with utility A- and B-phase 120 VAC power. Busbars  91  and  92  also have bussing prongs  98   a  and  98   b , respectively that transfer both A- and B-phase 120 VAC to at least one double-pole 240 VAC alternative energy breaker (not shown). The bussing assembly also comprises breaker-mounting cleats  261 . 
       FIG. 27  illustrates another embodiment of a single phase bussing assembly. The bussing assembly  99 ′ is similar to bussing assembly  99  described above with regard to  FIG. 26 . Unlike the bussing assembly of  FIG. 26 , in which the busbars  91  and  92  are powered via respective electrical connection to wires in electrical communication with utility A- and B-phase 120 VAC power, the busbars  86  and  87  of bussing assembly  270  are powered via a main circuit breaker in electrical communication with both A- and B-phase 120 VAC utility power and prongs  98 A and  98 B, respectively of busbars  86  and  87 . 
       FIGS. 28A through 28C  illustrate a side view of steps in the installation of a three-phase interchangeable breaker onto a three-phase bussing assembly. In a similar fashion to the installations described elsewhere in the application, the notched corner of the interchangeable breaker is hooked into the cleats  281 , and the interchangeable breaker  76  is then pushed onto the bussing prongs  98  of bussing assembly  99 , securing it in place. 
       FIGS. 29A and 29B  illustrate a side view of the installation and securement of an interchangeable, single-phase, lug-type bussing assembly.  FIG. 29C  illustrates a top view of the bussing assembly with an installed breaker. In  FIG. 29A , a prong  97  at the end of a bussing assembly  99  is inserted into a retaining structure  292  of a bypass device. In  FIG. 29B , the opposite end of the bussing assembly  99  is then secured in place via a screw  94 . 
       FIGS. 30A and 30B  illustrate a side view of the installation and securement of an interchangeable, single-phase, bussing assembly connected to a main breaker.  FIG. 30C  illustrates a top view of the bussing assembly with an installed breaker. The installation proceeds in a similar fashion to that illustrated in  FIGS. 29A and 29B . Once installed, the bussing assembly  99  can be connected to a main breaker (not shown), in electrical communication with utility A- and B-phase power, as opposed to the lug-based powering of the busbars of the bussing assembly of  FIG. 29A . 
       FIG. 31  illustrates a cutaway left side view of an integral bypass device having an installed bussing assembly. The integral bypass system  310  is similar to the bypass system  140  of  FIGS. 14A and 14B . The bussing assembly  99  of the bypass system  310  is an interchangeable, no-lug, single-phase bussing assembly. 
       FIG. 32  illustrates a cutaway left side view of an integral bypass device having an installed bussing assembly. Like the bypass device of  FIG. 31 , the bypass device of  FIG. 32  is similar to the bypass system  140  of  FIGS. 14A and 14B . However, in contrast to the bypass device of  FIG. 31 , the bypass device of  FIG. 32  is a lug-based or live bussing assembly  99 , which includes lugs  50 A and  50 B connected to the bussing assembly  99 . 
       FIG. 33  illustrates a cutaway right side view of an embodiment of an offset bypass breaker panel. The offset breaker bypass panel of  FIG. 33  is similar to the offset bypass breaker panel described in detail above with regard to  FIG. 16 . However, the offset bypass breaker panel also includes non-conductive rectangular securement elements  72  that, upon the installation of the offset panel grip the outermost elements of the line-side insertion jaws of the meter socket of a main service panel  61 , thereby contributing to a more secure attachment of offset bypass breaker panel to a main panel than would be provided without these non-conductive securement elements  72 . 
     Although various embodiments discussed herein relate primarily to load-side tapping, which among other benefits can enable a property owner to receive credit for alternative energy power backfed to a utility, the bypass devices described herein can alternatively be configured for line-side tapping rather than load-side tapping. Although certain benefits of load-side tapping may not be realized when utilizing line-side tapping, many other benefits can still be retained, such as the ability to incorporate alternative power sources without upgrading or replacing a main electrical panel. 
       FIG. 34  illustrates a side cutaway view of an interchangeable, lug-based, three-phase bussing assembly installed in a three-phase, integral bypass system. As can be seen in  FIG. 34 , the bussing assembly  95 , similar to the bussing assembly of  FIG. 24 , is installed in a three-phase integral bypass system. 
       FIG. 35  illustrates a side cutaway view of an interchangeable, no-lug, three-phase bussing assembly installed in a three-phase, integral bypass system. The integral bypass system uses a main circuit breaker  76  to power the busbars, rather than electrical lugs in connection with the three-phase power. 
       FIGS. 36A and 36B  illustrate a side view of the installation and securement of an interchangeable, no-lug, three-phase bussing assembly.  FIG. 36C  illustrates a top view of the bussing assembly  95 ″. 
       FIGS. 37A and 37B  illustrate a side view of the installation and securement of an interchangeable, lug-type, three-phase bussing assembly.  FIG. 36C  illustrates a top view of the bussing assembly  95 ′″, with an installed breaker  96 . 
       FIG. 38A  illustrates a side view of an interchangeable, lug-type, three-phase bussing assembly, with an installed breaker.  FIG. 38B  is a top view of the bussing assembly of  FIG. 38A . 
       FIG. 39A  illustrates a side view of an interchangeable, lug-type, single-phase bussing assembly with an installed breaker.  FIG. 39B  is a top view of the bussing assembly of  FIG. 39A . 
       FIG. 40  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator. 
       FIG. 41  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a main breaker controlling the whole system and the power to the main panel. 
       FIG. 42  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a main breaker controlling the whole system. 
       FIG. 43  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a main breaker controlling the whole system and main controlling main panel as well. 
       FIG. 44  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a main breaker controlling the right side of the system, and a main controlling the left side of the system, with a main that controls everything, including the main panel. 
       FIG. 45  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a main breaker controlling the right side of the system and a main controlling the left side of the system. 
       FIG. 46  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system that can disconnect from the grid when the grid goes down. 
       FIG. 47  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system that can disconnect itself from the grid when the grid goes down, and has a main breaker that can control the whole system, including the main panel. 
       FIG. 48  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system that can disconnect itself from the grid when the grid goes down, and has a main breaker that can control the meter/bypass. 
       FIG. 49  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system that can disconnect itself from the grid, when the grid goes down, and has a main breaker that can control the meter/bypass, and a main breaker that can control everything, including the main panel. 
     In particular, the system may include an AC coupler  152  with associated probes  151 , which can monitor one or more of AC voltage, current, and frequency to detect disruptions or outages on the utility side of the system. When detected, the AC coupler can disengage the utility power and operate the system on alternative energy sources such as solar power, generators, battery backup, or any combination of such alternative energy sources. Although not specifically depicted in other embodiments described herein, such a device or capability can be integrated into any such bypass system. For example, an offset bypass panel such as the offset bypass panel of  FIG. 33  can include an AC coupler disposed within the panel and probes in contact with the system at an appropriate location. Similar modifications can be made to any of the other embodiments disclosed herein. The AC coupler or similar device can also be a separate component disposed outside of the bypass system or bypass components. 
     The AC coupler  152  need not be configured to disconnect the system from the utility only when the utility undergoes a disruption. Rather, the AC coupler  152  can be configured to disconnect the system from the utility for any of a variety of reasons, such as a threshold of power being generated by the alternative energy sources, or during more expensive pricing periods for the utility power, such as during particular times of day, utilizing one or both of alternative energy or battery backup. 
       FIG. 50  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system, that can disconnect itself from the grid, when the grid goes down, and has two main breakers, one for the left side, and one for the right, and a main breaker that can control everything, including the main panel. 
       FIG. 51  is a one line diagram showing an example of a solar power system with multiple inverters, wind turbine, car charger, battery backup, and a generator, with a transfer system that can disconnect itself from the grid, when the grid goes down, and has a two main breakers, one for the left side, and one for the right. 
       FIG. 52  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, for live busing, with no main breaker, 
       FIG. 53  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, for live busing, with a main breaker, that shuts off all power. 
       FIG. 54  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with a main breaker, that shuts off the meter bypass area. 
       FIG. 55  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with a main breaker, that shuts off the meter bypass area, and a breaker that shuts off all power. 
       FIG. 56  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with  2  main breaker, that shuts off the right, and left sides of the meter bypass area, and a breaker that shuts off all power. 
       FIG. 57  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with  2  main breaker, that shuts off the right, and left sides of the meter bypass area. 
       FIG. 58  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, for live busing, with no main breaker, and automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
       FIG. 59  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, for live busing, with a main breaker, that shuts off all power, and has, an automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
       FIG. 60  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with a main breaker, that shuts off the meter bypass area, and has an automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
       FIG. 61  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with a main breaker, that shuts off the meter bypass area, and a breaker that shuts off all power, with an automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
       FIG. 62  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with  2  main breaker, that shuts off the right, and left sides of the meter bypass area, and a breaker that shuts off all power, and has an automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
       FIG. 63  is a 3 phase meter bypass one line diagram, with  2  main breaker, that shuts off the right, and left sides of the meter bypass area, with an automatic transfer/AC Coupling system. 
     It should be noted that the terms “couple,” “coupling,” “coupled” or other variations of the word couple as used herein may indicate either an indirect connection or a direct connection. For example, if a first component is “coupled” to a second component, the first component may be either indirectly connected to the second component or directly connected to the second component. As used herein, the term “plurality” denotes two or more. For example, a plurality of components indicates two or more components. 
     In the foregoing description, specific details are given to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the examples may be practiced without these specific details. Certain embodiments that are described separately herein can be combined in a single embodiment, and the features described with reference to a given embodiment also can be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. For example, electrical components/devices may be shown in block diagrams in order not to obscure the examples in unnecessary detail. In other instances, such components, other structures and techniques may be shown in detail to further explain the examples. 
     The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.