Patent Publication Number: US-3970718-A

Title: Method of producing polymer compositions based on chlorinated polyethylene

Description:
This application is a division of Ser. No. 134,826, filed Apr. 16, 1971 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,648 which is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 784,517 filed Nov. 22, 1968 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,673,279, which application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 339,899 filed Jan. 24, 1964, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,406,251. 
    
    
     This invention relates to a new method of producing chlorinated polyethylene-based polymer compositions possessing excellent properties. 
     The polymer compositions obtained in accordance with the invention method comprehend the interpolymers based on chlorinated polyethylene and the blended compositions of such interpolymers with other polymers. These compositions all possess conjointly the desirable properties such as excellent impact strength, weatherability, resistance to attack by chemicals, flame resistance, resistance to soiling as well as good processability and other properties which will be described hereinafter, thus making these compositions highly suitable for molding purposes. 
     A particular feature of the invention method resides in the fact that an interpolymer is formed by contacting under polymerization conditions the starting materials, i.e., the base polymer and the monomer components, which are in a state of suspension separately in the same aqueous medium and, in addition, in that this operation can be carried out commercially very smoothly and with great efficiency. 
     An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new and commercially valuable method of producing polymer compositions. Another object is to provide polymer compositions which possess excellent properties as resins for molding purposes. Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description. 
     The method of producing the interpolymers according to the invention will be first described. 
     A number of methods of producing interpolymers have been known in the past. The production of an interpolymer is usually carried out by the technique known as graft polymerization, i.e., a method of polymerizing a monomer or monomers on a trunk polymer. The polymer which has been formed in this manner is usually referred to as a graft copolymer. However, strictly speaking, this is a homogeneous polymer composition comprising an intimate mixture of the copolymer consisting of a trunk polymer having a monomer grafted thereon, the base polymer used as the trunk polymer, and the homopolymers of monomer or monomers which have been used; i.e., this is an interpolymer. What is referred to herein as an interpolymer or graft copolymer is meant to be such a homogeneous polymer composition. 
     The techniques of graft polymerization which have been known heretofore include such methods as the bulk, solution, emulsion and suspension polymerization methods as well as two-stage polymerization method which consists of a suitable combination of two of the foregoing methods. The shortcomings of these conventional methods are outlined below. 
     In the bulk polymerization method, a requisite condition is that the trunk polymer used must be soluble in the monomer. Therefore, the degree to which the trunk polymer is soluble in the monomer imposes a restriction on the proportion in which the two components are used and the polymerization operation. Again, when the velocity of the solution is very high, the agitation thereof as well as the control of the polymerization temperature resulting from the influence of the reaction heat is not only difficult, but also since the resulting polymer frequency contains a considerable amount of residual monomers and its complete removal is difficult, this causes degradation of the quality of the product. 
     While the shortcoming of the aforesaid bulk polymerization is not seen in the case of the solution polymerization method, it has instead disadvantages which are very great from the standpoint of commercial operations in that there is the need for a recovery operation of the solvent that is used and that a loss of the solvent is involved. 
     In the emulsion polymerization method a latex of the base polymer must be used. Further, the use of a considerably great amount of an emulsifier and a salting agent for separating the resulting polymer is required. Thus, not only is the operation complicated, but also there is the drawback that the emulsifier and salting agent used remains in the product as impurities. 
     Since in the suspension polymerization method the polymerization reaction is carried out in an inert medium such as water, the control of the temperature is simple and, in addition, the quality of the resulting product is uniform. However, for forming the suspension system it is necessary to either dissolve the base polymer completely in the monomer or impregnate the former with the latter and effect its homogeneous swelling before the base polymer and monomer are suspended in the medium. Thus, the preliminary steps involved are troublesome. Moreover, it can only be practiced within the limits of the degree of solubility of the base polymer in the monomer. Accordingly a restriction is imposed on the weight ratio in which the two components can be used and therefore does not permit a free choice. Again, even though the ratio of the two components is within the degree of solubility of the polymer, similar difficulties are encountered as in the case with the aforesaid bulk polymerization method when the viscosity of the solution is high. 
     Thus, as herinabove described, it was necessary in the conventional methods for producing an interpolymer for molding use that the base polymer and monomer were in state where the two components were either mutually dissolved or intimately mixed prior to their being submitted to the polymerization conditions. Further, only by doing this was it possible to obtain the intended interpolymer. 
     In contradistinction, the method of producing an interpolymer according to the present invention fundamentally comprises contacting the base polymer and monomer under polymerization conditions in a state wherein the two components are separately suspended as fine particles in the same aqueous medium. That is, the base polymer and the monomer are not in either a homogeneously mixed or mutually dissolved state prior to the polymerization reaction. According to the invention method, the particles of the base polymer and the particles of the monomer, which are in suspension in the same aqueous medium, are brought into contact with each other by, stirring, for example and the latter penetrates into the former while being polymerized to thereby complete the formation of a homogeneous interpolymer. That a desirable interpolymer can be obtained by a method such as hereinabove described is truly surprising when compared with the conventional methods. 
     Various advantages which could not be obtained by the conventional methods are afforded by the present invention such as that equipment and operations for a preliminary dissolving step are unnecessary; that suspension is readily accomplished without encountering any difficulty such as is experienced in suspending a high viscosity solution; and that the ratio in which the two components are contained can be freely chosen without being limited by the degree of solubility of the base polymer in the monomer. Again, there is, of course, no need for using an organic solvent, and the control of the reaction temperature is readily accomplished. 
     Before describing the base polymer component and the monomer components that are used in the invention method, a preferred mode for forming the interpolymer will be described. 
     The base polymer component and the monomer components can be suspended in the aqueous medium either at the same time but separately from each other or one after the other. Alternatively, an aqueous suspension of each of the components can be prepared in advance and thereafter the so prepared suspensions can be combined. For obtaining a good suspension, vigorous stirring is performed, and previously a suspension stabilizer or suspending agent is used. The conventional suspension stabilizers, for example, water-soluble high molecular weight compounds such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyalkylene oxide and cellulose derivatives and powders of the difficultly soluble inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate are useable and magnesium phosphate. The amount in which the suspension stabilizer is used is suitably from 0.05 to 1 percent based on the weight of the water. While any particle size of the base polymer will do as long as it is of sufficient fineness for forming a suspension, it is preferably of 5-150 Tyler mesh size, and still more preferably of 10-48 Tyler mesh size in view of the stability of the suspension and the quality of the product. The amount of water to be used is suitably 0.8-10 times the total weight of the base polymer component and monomer component used in the polymerization reaction. While the stability of the suspension is maintained as the amount of water increases, the use of about 0.8-3 times is preferred from the standpoint of commercial economy. 
     The polymerization reaction is carried out in customary manner by the action of heat or the action of a polymerization initiator. It is suitably carried out in the presence of a polymerization initiator and a chain transfer agent. The initiators which are useable are the known organic peroxide type catalysts and the azo compound type catalysts. Especially convenient are the former, examples of which include lauroyl peroxide, tertiary butyl peracetate, tertiary butyl benzoate and benzoyl peroxide. As the chain transfer agent, normal-dodecyl mercaptan, tertiary dodecyl mercaptan and others can be used. From the standpoint of convenience of operation and satisfactory results that are obtained, the polymerization initiator is preferably mixed in advance in the monomer component prior to its suspension in the aqueous medium. In addition to the initiator and the chain transfer agent, additives such as chlorinated paraffin, hardened wax, liquid paraffin and higher fatty acids can be added, if desired, for improving the processability and impact strength of the product. A polymerization temperature in the range of 50° - 150°C. is convenient. Various other means that are used in the conventional suspension polymerization method may also be employed. 
     As a result of operating in the manner hereinbefore described, an interpolymer is obtained according to the invention method, wherein the total amount of the base polymer component and the monomer component used is nearly completely polymerized. The resulting interpolymer ordinarily retains practically the same particulate form as that of the base polymer used as the starting material. No particles of a homopolymer or copolymer consisting of only the monomer component used are formed. The resulting interpolymer can be readily separated from the aqueous medium by means of, filtration, for example. After water-washing, if desired, the particles are dried, thereby obtaining the intended interpolymer as a final product. 
     The distinctive properties of the base polymer component and the monomer component that are used in the present invention as well as that of the interpolymers obtained therefrom will now be described hereinbelow. 
     The base polymer component (A) is either chlorinated polyethylene or a mixture comprising a major amount of chlorinated polyethylene and a minor amount of a copolymer selected from an ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber (EPM), a ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene terpolymer rubber (EPDM) and an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer rubber (EVA) (vinyl acetate content 5- 60 weight %). On the other hand, the monomer component (B) used is a mixture of two kinds of monomers, one kind of monomer (b 1 ) being selected from styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, t-butyl styrene and chlorostyrene, the other kind of monomer (b 2 ) being selected from acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. The interpolymer which is formed by submitting these components (A) and (B) in a specified weight ratio to polymerization conditions in an aqueous suspension system posesses excellent impact strength when used as a thermoplastic molding resin. The weight ratio of the component (A) to component (B) to be employed ranges from 10:90 to 90:10, while the weight ratio of ingredient (b 1 ) to ingredient (b 2 ) is selected from the range 10:90 to 90:10. Generally speaking, the impact strength of the resulting interpolymer becomes greater in proportion as the amount of component (A) becomes greater. On the other hand, the tensile strength of the interpolymer becomes greater in proportion as the amount of component (B) becomes greater. When the interpolymer is to be used as a molding resin, a weight ratio of (A):(B) ranging from 10:90 to 50:50 is most suitable. 
     As a typical example, first the case where the component (A) is chlorinated polyethylene and component (B) is a mixture of acrylonitrile and styrene will be described. The chlorinated polyethylene is prepared by the chlorination of polyethylene with chlorine. In the invention, a chlorinated polyethylene of a degree of chlorination (weight % content of bonded chlorine) of 10-50 percent, and more preferably of 20-40 percent, is used. Further, since a chlorinated polyethylene obtained by the chlorination of polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight exceeding 100,000 provides an interpolymer having an especially high impact strength, such a chlorinated polyethylene is particularly suitable. The preparation of a desirable interpolymer by the use of a base polymer having such a high molecular weight is only possible in the case where the hereinbefore described invention suspension system technique is used. This is extremely difficult in the case of the conventional solution, bulk and suspension techniques due to the high viscosity that is ascribable to the high molecular weight polymer. 
     When an interpolymer is to be made as hereinabove described using chlorinated polyethylene as the base polymer (A) and a mixture of acrylonitrile and styrene as the monomer component (B) a most valuable product is provided when the weight ratio of A:B ranges from 10:90 to 90:10, and preferably 10:90 to 50:50, and the weight ratio of acrylonitrile: styrene ranges from 10:90 to 35:65. 
     The so obtained interpolymer, i.e. a thermoplastic resin, possesses a high impact strength, tensile strength and flexural strength and has good processability and dimensional stability. Furthermore, it excels in weatherability, flame resistance and resistance to soiling. 
     Heretofore, as thermoplastic three-component polymeric compositions, there are known, for example, those generally referred to as the ABS polymers, which are either copolymers or polymeric or copolymeric mixtures consisting of acrylonitrile, styrene and butadiene. While these ABS polymers and other three-component polymeric compositions of the same class are all comparatively good in their impact strength and dimensional stability, their flame resistance, resistance to burning, weatherability and processability are however not yet quite satisfactory. In contrast, the aforesaid three-component polymeric composition of the present invention does not possess these shortcomings of the ABS polymers. The reason therefor is believed to be due to the fact that in polybutadiene, the base polymer of the ABS resin, a double bond is present which causes the degradation of this resin, whereas such a double bond is not essentially present in the resin of present invention. 
     As the ingredient (b 1 ) of the monomer component (B), alphamethyl styrene, t-butyl styrene or chlorostyrene can be submitted for all or part of the styrene. By such a substitution a still greater improvement can be had in the thermal stability of the product. Further, methacrylonitrile can be substituted for all or part of the acrylonitrile as the other ingredient (b 2 ). 
     In preparing an interpolymer by the invention method, a mixture comprising a major amount of chlorinated polyethylene and a minor amount of a copolymer selected from an ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, an ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene terpolymer rubber and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer rubber can be used instead of the aforesaid chlorinated polyethylene. The ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber and the ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene terpolymer rubber have been generally well known hitherto as EPM and EPDM, respectively. These are both a rubbery polymer having 35-80 percent by weight of ethylene units and a specific gravity of about 0.83-0.85. 
     It has been found that by using as the base polymer component EPM, EPDM or EVA in conjunction with the chlorinated polyethylene, an interpolymer having improved low temperature fragility can be obtained when compared with the case where chlorinated polyethylene is used alone. When EPM, EPDM or EVA is merely blended in an interpolymer obtained by the use of chlorinated polyethylene alone, there is an improvement in the low temperature fragility but there is the disadvantage that a marked decline takes place in the impact strength at room temperature. The proportion in which the EPM, EPDM or EVA is contained in the base polymer component is most desirably from 10 to 50 percent by weight. 
     Thus, as fully described hereinbefore, various desirable thermoplastic polymer compositions can be obtained according to the present invention by a suitable combination of the classes and weight ratios of the base polymer component and the monomer component. 
     Further, in accordance with the invention, a modified mode of preparing these desirable thermoplastic resin is provided which comprises preparing an interpolymer wherein the amount of base polymer component is great and the amount of monomer component is small, blending with the so obtained interpolymer a homopolymer or copolymer separately prepared from only the monomer component, thereby diluting the proportion contained of the base polymer component to the degree desired. Since the foregoing interpolymer is already incorporated with component (B), its compatibility with the polymer consisting solely of component (B) is high, with the consequence that a homogeneous blend can be readily obtained. The blending can be accomplished in customary manner, using, for example, an extruder, mixer or mixing rolls. For brevity this method is referred to as either the graft-blend procedure or master batch procedure. The properties of the blended composition obtained by this method are about the same as those of an interpolymer whose weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is identical. The rigidity is rather higher. For carrying out the graft-blend procedure in a desirable manner, an interpolymer master batch is prepared with the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) ranging from 10:90 to 90:10, following which a separately prepared polymer consisting of only component (B) is blended therewith to form a composition in which the overall weight ratio (A):(B) is in the range of 5:95 to 50:50. 
     Since in the master batch procedure a master batch of the inter-polymer containing the base polymer component in a high concentration is used and a separately prepared polymer consisting of only the monomer component is blended with the foregoing master batch in varying amounts, as required, thermoplastic resins of various desired grades can be provided. Thus it is convenient and advantageous from the standpoint of commercial production. A method such as described is only possible by the method of producing an interpolymer in a suspension system in accordance with the present invention. In the conventional solution, bulk and suspension polymerization methods, when the concentration of the base polymer component was high, it was impossible to carry out the production for the reason of the limited solubility of the base polymer component in the monomer component. Even when the former was soluble in the latter, the viscosity would become exceedingly high to render the operation difficult to carry out. 
     If desired, the conventional additives such as a plasticizer, stabilizer, lubricant and others may be added to the interpolymer composition or blended polymer composition obtained by the invention method. For example, if a small amount of a flame retardant such as antimony trioxide, hexabromobenzene, perchloropentacyclodecane and decachlorobiphenyl is incorporated in the invention polymer composition, its good fire resistance can be further enhanced. Since the fire resistance of the conventional ABS resins is generally low, the addition of a flame retardant such as hereinabove described has been attempted to make up for this deficiency. However, since the flame retardant must be added in a considerably large amount to obtain a desirable fire resistance, the various desirable properties which are intrinsically possessed by the ABS resins are greatly impaired. This does not happen in the case of the invention polymer. 
     In one application of the thermoplastic polymer composition obtained by the invention method, a polymer or copolymer of vinyl chloride is blended therewith. This likewise provides a molding resin which has a desirable impact strength and fire resistance. The polymer or copolymer of vinyl chloride used in this case is the usually available ordinary polyvinyl chloride resin, which is incorporated in the composition in an amount of 10-70 percent by weight, and preferably 15-30 percent by weight. Practically no decline in the properties of the composition was noted as a result of the incorporation of the polyvinyl chloride resin. 
    
    
     The following examples are given for further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the parts and percentages in the examples are on a weight basis. The properties of the resulting products were measured in accordance with the following methods: 
     
         Properties        Unit      ASTM                                          
______________________________________                                    
Impact strength  ft-lb/inch                                               
                           D256-56T                                       
Tensile strength kg/cm.sup.2                                              
                           D638-58T                                       
Elongation        %        D638-58T                                       
Flow rate        g/10 min  D1238-57T                                      
                            (190°C, 10 kg)                         
Vicat softening point                                                     
                  °C                                               
                           D1525-58T                                      
Heat distortion temperature                                               
                  °C                                               
                           D648-56                                        
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLE I 
     The components indicated in Recipe (1), below, were charged to a 1-liter autoclave and mixed with stirring to prepare a suspension system. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (1)             Parts                                              
______________________________________                                    
Chlorinated polyethylene powder                                           
                       24                                                 
(weight average molecular weight of                                       
the starting polyethylene 150,000,                                        
degree of chlorination 30 %)                                              
Polyvinyl alcohol                                                         
(degree of saponification 95 %)                                           
                       0.4                                                
Water                                                                     
(ion-exchanged water)  100                                                
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     Next, the components of Recipe (2), below, were added and suspended in the foregoing suspension system at room temperature with stirring. This was followed by carrying out the polymerization reaction in an atmosphere of nitrogen for 4 hours at 105°C. and for 2 hours at 145°C. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (2)             Parts                                              
______________________________________                                    
Acrylonitrile monomer  18                                                 
Styrene monomer        54                                                 
Liquid paraffin (lubricant)                                               
                       4                                                  
Tertiary butyl peracetate (catalyst)                                      
                       0.2                                                
Tertiary decyl mercaptan                                                  
                       0.2                                                
(chain transfer agent)                                                    
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     After the resulting polymer was cooled, it was separated from the water, water-washed and dried. Transparent particles of only the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer could not be seen among the so obtained polymer particles. The particle size distribution of the chlorinated polyethylene before its polymerization and that of the resulting polymer are shown in the following table. 
     
                       Table 1                                                     
______________________________________                                    
                            Resulting                                     
Particle size                                                             
             Starting chlorinated                                         
                            polymer                                       
 (mesh)      Polyethylene (%)                                             
                            (%)                                           
______________________________________                                    
10 on        3              3                                             
10 - 20      82             77                                            
20 - 32      14             17                                            
32 pass      1              3                                             
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     As is apparent from Table 1, it is believed that the monomeric styrene and acrylonitrile have been polymerized by having been either absorbed or impregnated into the interstices of the chlorinated polyethylene powder, since no appreciable change is noted in the particle size distribution between the starting chlorinated polyethylene and the resulting polymer. Two parts of dibasic lead phosphite were added to the resulting polymer as a stabilizer and then test pieces were made therefrom by pelletizing at 200°C. with a 20-mm extruder. When the impact strength was then measured, it was 11.3 ft-lb/inch Izod-notch (room temperature). Further, the flow rate was 3.0 g/10 min. when measured with a melt indexer. On the other hand, the tensile strength was 345 kg/cm 2 . 
     Control I 
     In this experiment the base polymer was dissolved in the monomer, following which the so obtained solution was suspension polymerized. 
     Components of following recipe were charged to a dissolving tank and dissolved with stirring. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
                     Parts                                                
______________________________________                                    
Chlorinated polyethylene                                                  
                       12                                                 
(weight average molecular weight of                                       
the starting polyethylene 150,000,                                        
degree of chlorination 30 %)                                              
Styrene monomer        53                                                 
Acrylonitrile monomer  21                                                 
Liquid paraffin        4                                                  
Tertiary butyl peracetate                                                 
                       0.03                                               
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                       0.05                                               
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     Next, the so obtained solution was added to the following suspension system and suspended therein. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
                      Parts                                               
______________________________________                                    
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                        100                                               
Polyvinyl alcohol        0.4                                              
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     After purging the system with nitrogen, the temperature was raised to 105°C. but during this time aggregation of the suspension took place to convert it into a lumpy mass thereby rendering it impossible to continue the polymerization operation. 
     Control II 
     This experiment illustrates the case where the base polymer and a polymer of the monomer were blended. 
     A chlorinated polyethylene as used in Example I, liquid paraffin and an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer obtained by polymerizing at the same ratio as in Example I were mixed such that the composition would be identical to that of Example I, after which the mixture was pelletized by extruding from a 20-mm extruder at 200°C. When the properties of this blend were measured as in Example I, the impact strength was 0.9 ft-lb/inch, the flow rate was 2.5 g/10 min. and the tensile strength was 270 kg/cm 2 . Further, when this same composition was blended for 10 minutes at 170°C. with 3-inch rolls, only results which were about the same were obtained. 
     Thus, the polymer obtained in Example I, above, in accordance with the invention method possesses superior properties as compared with those of a mere mixture of the polymers, and it is believed that the polymer obtained according to the invention method is a partly grafted-copolymerized homogeneous polymer composition. 
     EXAMPLE II 
     A polymer was obtained by operating as in Example I, using the Recipes (1) and (2), below. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (1)             Part                                               
______________________________________                                    
Chlorinated polyethylene powder                                           
                       40                                                 
(weight average molecular weight of                                       
starting polyethylene 150,000,                                            
degree of chlorination 40 %)                                              
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                       100                                                
Polyvinyl alcohol                                                         
(same as that used in Example I)                                          
                       0.2                                                
Recipe (2)             Part                                               
Styrene monomer        40                                                 
Acrylonitrile monomer  10                                                 
Tertiary butyl peracetate                                                 
                       0.15                                               
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                       0.15                                               
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The relationship between the particle size of the chlorinated polyethylene prior to its polymerization and that of the product is shown in Table 2, below. 
     
                       Table 2                                                     
______________________________________                                    
               Starting                                                   
               chlorinated   Resulting                                    
Particle size  polyethylene  polymer                                      
 (mesh)         (%)           (%)                                         
______________________________________                                    
10 on          2             4                                            
10 - 20        71            66                                           
20 - 32        24            26                                           
32 pass        3             4                                            
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The resulting product was water-washed and dried. Then, after adding 2 parts of dibasic lead phosphite, properties of the product were measured as in Example I. With respect to impact strength, the product did not break by the Izod-notch method at room temperature. The flow rate was 0.3 g/10 min., and the tensile strength was 190 kg/cm 2 . 
     EXAMPLE III 
     The experiment was operated as in Example I, using the following Recipes (1) and (2): 
     
         Recipe (1)             Part                                               
______________________________________                                    
Chlorinated polyethylene powder                                           
                       40                                                 
(weight average molecular weight of                                       
starting polyethylene 300,000,                                            
degree of chlorination 32 %)                                              
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                       200                                                
Polyvinyl alcohol      0.6                                                
Recipe (2)             Parts                                              
Styrene monomer        40                                                 
Acrylonitrile monomer  10                                                 
Mineral oil            7                                                  
Tertiary butyl perbenzoate                                                
                       0.1                                                
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                       0.1                                                
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     After purging the autoclave with nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 4 hours at 105°C. and for 2 hours at 140°C., followed by water-washing and drying the reaction product to obtain a polymer. 
     The relationship between the particle size of the chlorinated polyethylene prior to its polymerization and that of the resulting product is shown in the following table. 
     
                       Table 3                                                     
______________________________________                                    
               Starting                                                   
               chlorinated                                                
                          Resulting                                       
Particle size  polyethylene                                               
                          polymer                                         
 (mesh)        (%)        (%)                                             
______________________________________                                    
20 on          9          11                                              
20 - 32        22         23                                              
32 - 48        67         64                                              
48 pass        2          2                                               
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     Separately, an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer was prepared with the following Recipe (3). 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (3)          Parts                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Acrylonitrile monomer                                                     
                    25                                                    
Styrene monomer     75                                                    
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                    100                                                   
Lauroyl peroxide    0.4                                                   
Tertiary butyl benzoate                                                   
                    0.05                                                  
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                    0.3                                                   
Tertiary calcium phosphate                                                
                    1.0                                                   
Anionic surfactant  0.005                                                 
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The components of the foregoing Recipe (3) were charged to a 5-liter reactor and, after purging the reactor with nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 4 hours at 80°C. and for 2 hours at 140°C. After completion of the polymerization reaction, the product was washed with water and dried. 
     The polymeric product obtained by means of Recipes (1) and (2) and the acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer obtained by means of Recipe (3) were blended with a 20-mm extruder. The properties of the resulting polymer composition are shown in Table 4. 
     
                                           Table 4                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
Concentration                                                             
of the chlorinated                                                        
          Impact Tensile     Vicat Elongation                             
                                         Elongation                       
polyethylene after                                                        
          strength                                                        
                 strength                                                 
                      Flow rate                                           
                             softening                                    
                                   E.sub.1                                
                                         E.sub.2 *                        
blending  (ft.-lb/           point                                        
(%)       inch notch)                                                     
                 (kg/cm.sup.2)                                            
                      (g/10 min.)                                         
                             (°C)                                  
                                   (%)   (%)                              
__________________________________________________________________________
15        1.5    402  7.2    105   13    13                               
20        1.8    355  6.0    104   50    41                               
25        5.4    305  4.6    102   73    44                               
30        11.7   250  3.5     99   108   100                              
ABS resin **                                                              
          7.9    361  1.0    103   31     6                               
__________________________________________________________________________
 * Elongation after exposure for 200 hours in a Weather-O-Meter.          
 ** Commercial product (comparison)                                       
 
    
     The experiment was carried out as hereinabove described, using, however, as the chlorinated polyethylene one whose starting polyethylene was of a weight average molecular weight of 90,000. A polymer composition having the following properties was obtained. 
     
                       Table 5                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Concentration of                                                          
the chlorinated                                                           
            Impact                                                        
polyethylene                                                              
            strength    Tensile                                           
after blending                                                            
            (ft-lb/inch strength Flow rate                                
after blending                                                            
            (ft-lb/inch strength Flow rate                                
(%)         notch)      (kg/cm.sup.2)                                     
                                 (g/10 min.)                              
______________________________________                                    
15          0.4         380      16                                       
20          0.5         350      13                                       
25          1.0         285      11                                       
30          2.0         225       8                                       
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLE IV 
     The experiment was carried out as in Example I, using the following Recipes (1) and (2). 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (1)             Parts                                              
______________________________________                                    
Chlorinated polyethylene powder                                           
                       50                                                 
(weight average molecular weight of                                       
starting polyethylene 150,000,                                            
degree of chlorination 25 %)                                              
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                       200                                                
Polyvinyl alcohol      0.6                                                
Recipe (2)             Parts                                              
Styrene monomer        40                                                 
Acrylonitrile monomer  5                                                  
Methacrylonitrile monomer                                                 
                       5                                                  
Mineral oil            7                                                  
Lauroyl peroxide       0.2                                                
Tertiary butyl benzoate                                                   
                       0.02                                               
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                       0.05                                               
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     After purging the autoclave with nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 4 hours at 80°C. and for one hour at 140°C. The resulting product was washed with water and dried to obtain a polymer. 
     The relationship between the particle size of the chlorinated polyethylene prior to its polymerization and that of the resulting product is shown in Table 6, below. 
     
                       Table 6                                                     
______________________________________                                    
             Starting chlorinated                                         
                            Resulting                                     
Particle size                                                             
             polyethylene   polymer                                       
 (mesh)      (%)            (%)                                           
______________________________________                                    
20 on        5              6                                             
20 - 32      20             21                                            
32 - 48      73             71                                            
48 pass      2              2                                             
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     This product and an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer prepared in accordance with the Recipe (3) given in Example III were blended in amounts such as to result in a chlorinated polyethylene concentration after blending of 23 percent, using a 20-mm extruder. The properties of the so obtained composition are shown as follows: 
     
         Impact strength   5.0 ft-lb/inch notch                                    
Tensile strength  330 kg/cm.sup.2                                         
Flow rate         5.5 g/10 min.                                           
 
    
     EXAMPLE V 
     I contrast to the procedure of Examples I-IV in this experiment a suspension of the starting monomer components was prepared first. Thus, the following monomer components were first charged to a 50-liter autoclave and a suspension system was prepared by mixing the components with stirring. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
                  Parts                                                   
______________________________________                                    
Styrene monomer     28                                                    
Acrylonitrile monomer                                                     
                    7                                                     
Mineral oil         11                                                    
Lauroyl peroxide    0.15                                                  
Tertiary butyl perbenzoate                                                
                    0.015                                                 
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                    0.035                                                 
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                    300                                                   
Polyvinyl alcohol   0.8                                                   
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     This was followed by adding 65 parts of a chlorinated polyethylene powder (weight average molecular weight of the starting polyethylene 300,000, degree of chlorination 32 %) to the suspension system. The autoclave was then purged with nitrogen, and the reaction was carried out for 4 hours at 80°C. and then for 1 hour at 140°C. After completion of the reaction, the product was water-washed and dried to obtain a polymer. 
     The relationship between the particle size of the chlorinated polyethylene before its polymerization and that of the resulting product is shown in Table 7, below. 
     
                       Table 7                                                     
______________________________________                                    
               Starting chlorinated                                       
                              Resulting                                   
Particle size  polyethylene   polymer                                     
 (mesh)        (%)            (%)                                         
______________________________________                                    
20 on          9              11                                          
20 - 32        22             21                                          
32 - 48        67             65                                          
48 pass        2              3                                           
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     This product and an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer prepared in accordance with the Recipe (3) given in Example III were blended in such amounts as to result in a concentration of the chlorinated polyethylene of 28 percent after blending, using a 65-mm extruder. The properties of the so obtained composition are as follows: 
     
         Impact strength (ft.-lb./inch notch)                                      
                       5.7                                                
Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2)                                            
                       265                                                
Flow rate (g/10 min.)  4.2                                                
 
    
     EXAMPLE VI 
     The experiment was operated as in Example I, using the following Recipes (1) and (2). 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (1)             Parts                                              
______________________________________                                    
Chlorinated polyethylene powder                                           
                       50                                                 
(weight average molecular weight of                                       
starting polyethylene 300,000,                                            
degree of chlorination 28 %)                                              
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                       200                                                
Polyvinyl alcohol      0.6                                                
Recipe (2)             Parts                                              
Styrene monomer        34.0                                               
Acrylonitrile monomer  12.5                                               
Alpha-methyl styrene   3.5                                                
Stearic acid           1.0                                                
Tertiary butyl perbenzoate                                                
                       0.15                                               
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                       0.05                                               
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     After purging the autoclave with nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 120°C. and for 2 hours at 140°C., the product being then water-washed and dried. 
     Separately, an acrylonitrile-styrene-alpha-methyl styrene ternary copolymer was prepared in accordance with the following Recipe (3). 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (3)          Parts                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Acrylonitrile monomer                                                     
                    25                                                    
Styrene monomer     68                                                    
Alpha-methyl styrene monomer                                              
                    7                                                     
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                    150                                                   
Lauroyl peroxide    0.5                                                   
Tertiary butyl benzoate                                                   
                    0.05                                                  
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                    0.2                                                   
Calcium tertiary phosphate                                                
                    1.4                                                   
Anionic surfactant  0.007                                                 
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The components were charged to a reactor and, after purging the reactor with nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 4 hours at 80°C. and for 2 hours at 140°C. After completion of the polymerization reaction, the product was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, then water-washed and dried. 
     The polymeric product obtained previously in accordance with Recipes (1) and (2) and the acrylonitrile-styrene-alpha-methyl styrene ternary copolymer obtained as hereinabove described in accordance with Recipe (3) were blended in such amounts as to result in a chlorinated polyethylene concentration of 10 percent, using a 20-mm extruder. 
     The properties of the so obtained composition are as follows: 
     
         Impact strength (ft.-lb./inch notch)                                      
                       1.0                                                
Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2)                                            
                       430                                                
Flow rate (g/10 min.)  0.8                                                
Vicat softening point (°C.)                                        
                       115                                                
 
    
     EXAMPLE VII 
     The experiment was operated as in Example I, using the following Recipes (1) and (2). 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (1)              Parts                                             
______________________________________                                    
Chlorinated polyethylene powder                                           
                        40                                                
(weight average molecular weight of                                       
starting polyethylene 300,000,                                            
degree of chlorination 32 %)                                              
Ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene                                    
                        10                                                
terpolymer                                                                
(tradename ROYALENE 301)                                                  
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                        200                                               
Polyvinyl alcohol       0.6                                               
Recipe (2)              Parts                                             
Styrene monomer         35                                                
Acrylonitrile monomer   12.5                                              
Tertiary butyl styrene  2.5                                               
Tertiary butyl benzoate 0.15                                              
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                        0.05                                              
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     After purging the autoclave with nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 120°C. and for 2 hours at 140°C. The resulting product was then water-washed and dried. 
     Separately, an acrylonitrile-styrene-tert.-butyl styrene ternary copolymer was prepared in accordance with the following Recipe (3). 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (3)        Parts                                                   
______________________________________                                    
Acrylonitrile monomer                                                     
                  25                                                      
Styrene monomer   70                                                      
Tertiary butyl styrene monomer                                            
                  5                                                       
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                  100                                                     
Lauroyl peroxide  0.4                                                     
Tertiary butyl perbenzoate                                                
                  0.05                                                    
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                  0.4                                                     
Calcium tertiary phosphate                                                
                  1.0                                                     
Anionic surfactant                                                        
                  0.005                                                   
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The components were charged to a 5-liter reactor and, after purging the reactor with nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 4 hours at 80°C. and then for 2 hours at 140°C. The resulting product was washed in dilute hydrochloric acid followed by water-washing and drying. 
     The product previously obtained in accordance with Recipes (1) and (2) and the acrylonitrile-styrene-tert. butyl styrene ternary copolymer obtained hereinabove in accordance with Recipe (3) were blended in amounts such as to result in a total concentration of chlorinated polyethylene and EPT of 27 percent, using a 20-mm extruder. 
     The properties of the so obtained composition are as follows: 
     
         Impact strength (ft.-lb./inch notch)                                      
                       3.5                                                
Flow rate (g/10 min.)  2.5                                                
Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2)                                            
                       320                                                
Vicat softening point (°C.)                                        
                       104                                                
 
    
     EXAMPLE VIII 
     The experiment was operated as in Example I, using the following Recipes (1) and (2). 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (1)             Parts                                              
______________________________________                                    
Chlorinated polyethylene powder                                           
                       40                                                 
(weight average molecular weight of                                       
starting polyethylene 300,000,                                            
degree of chlorination 40 %)                                              
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                       200                                                
Polyvinyl alcohol      0.6                                                
Recipe (2)             Parts                                              
Styrene mononer        36                                                 
Chlorostyrene monomer  12                                                 
Acrylonitrile monomer  12                                                 
Tertiary butyl benzoate                                                   
                       0.18                                               
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                       0.12                                               
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     After purging the autoclave with nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 120°C. and for 1 hour at 140°C. The resulting product was then water-washed and dried. 
     The relationship between the particle size of chlorinated polyethylene before its polymerization and that of the product are shown in Table 8. 
     
                       Table 8                                                     
______________________________________                                    
             Starting chlorinated                                         
                            Resulting                                     
Particle size                                                             
             polyethylene   product                                       
 (mesh)      (%)            (%)                                           
______________________________________                                    
20 on        10             12                                            
20 - 32      25             25                                            
32 - 48      64             61                                            
48 pass      1               2                                            
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     Separately, an acrylonitrile-styrene-chlorostyrene ternary copolymer was prepared in accordance with the following Recipe (3). 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (3)          Parts                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Acrylonitrile monomer                                                     
                    20                                                    
Styrene monomer     60                                                    
Chlorostyrene monomer                                                     
                    20                                                    
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                    100                                                   
Lauroyl peroxide    0.4                                                   
Tertiary butyl perbenzoate                                                
                    0.05                                                  
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                    0.03                                                  
Calcium tertiary phosphate                                                
                    1.0                                                   
Anionic surfactant  0.005                                                 
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The components were charged to a 5-liter reactor and, after purging the reactor with nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 4 hours at 80°C. and for 2 hours at 140°C. After washing the resulting product in a dilute acid, it was water-washed and dried. 
     The product previously obtained in accordance with Recipes (1) and (2) and the acrylonitrile-styrene-chlorostyrene copolymer obtained in accordance with Recipe (3) were blended in amounts such as to result in a chlorinated polyethylene concentration of 27 percent after blending, using a 20-mm extruder. 
     The so obtained composition had the following properties. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Impact strength (ft.-lb./inch notch)                                      
                       3.1                                                
Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2)                                            
                       330                                                
Flow rate (g/10 min.)  2.0                                                
Vicat softening point (°C.)                                        
                       103                                                
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLE IX 
     The experiment was carried out as in Example I, using the following Recipes (1) and (2). 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (1)            Parts                                               
______________________________________                                    
Ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated                                          
                      50                                                  
diene terpolymer powder                                                   
(tradename ROYALENE 301)                                                  
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                      200                                                 
Calcium tertiary phosphate                                                
                      6                                                   
Polyvinyl alcohol     0.6                                                 
Recipe (2)            Parts                                               
Styrene monomer       40                                                  
Acrylonitrile monomer 10                                                  
Tertiary butyl perbenzoate                                                
                      0.15                                                
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                      0.05                                                
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     After puring the autoclave with nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 120°C. and for a further 2 hours at 140°C. The resulting product was then water-washed and dried. 
     The so obtained product was then blended with the polymer obtained in Example III in accordance with Recipes (1) and (2) and the acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer obtained in Example III in accordance with Recipe (3), using a 20-mm extruder, in amounts such as to result after blending in a composition whose proportion of base polymers are as indicated in Table 9. 
     
                                           Table 9                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
Proportion of                                                             
Base polymers                                                             
after blending                                                            
        Impact strength        Tensile                                    
(%)     (ft.-lb./in. notch)                                               
                       Flow rate                                          
                               strength                                   
CPE EPT +20°C                                                      
             -10°C                                                 
                  -30°C                                            
                       (g/10 min.)                                        
                               (kg/cm.sup.2)                              
__________________________________________________________________________
27   0  6.2  1.6  0.4  4.5     260                                        
22   5  9.0  2.8  0.7  4.1     230                                        
17  10  7.7  3.7  1.3  3.6     215                                        
 0  27  5.1  --   1.4  3.4     225                                        
__________________________________________________________________________
 
    
     EXAMPLE X 
     The experiment was carried out as in Example I, except that the following Recipes (1) and (2) were used. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Recipe (1)                Parts                                           
______________________________________                                    
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer powder                                   
                          50                                              
(a copolymer containing 17 % of vinyl                                     
acetate was comminuted)                                                   
Water (ion-exchanged water)                                               
                          200                                             
Polyvinyl alcohol         0.6                                             
Recipe (2)                Parts                                           
______________________________________                                    
Styrene monomer           40                                              
Acrylonitrile monomer     10                                              
Mineral oil               7                                               
Tertiary butyl perbenzoate                                                
                          0.15                                            
Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan                                                
                          0.05                                            
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     After purging the autoclave with nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 120°C. and 2 hours at 140°C. The resulting product was then water-washed and dried. 
     The so obtained product was blended with the copolymer obtained with Recipes (1) and (2) in Example III and the acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer obtained with Recipe 3 in Example III in amounts such as to result in a concentration of the chlorinated polyethylene of 17 percent and a concentration of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer of 10 percent, the blending being accomplished with a 20-mm extruder. 
     The properties of the so obtained composition are shown as follows: 
     
         Impact strength (ft.-lb./inch notch)                                      
                         6.8                                              
Flow rate (g/10 min.)    4.0                                              
Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2)                                            
                         255                                              
 
    
     EXAMPLE XI 
     A polymer prepared in accordance with the Recipes (1) and (2) of Example III and an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer prepared in accordance with Recipe (3) of Example III were blended with polyvinyl chloride and a flame retardant assistant in the proportions indicated in Table 10, using a 20-mm extruder. 
     The properties of the resulting compositions are shown below. 
     
                                           Table 10                                
__________________________________________________________________________
CPE con-                   Heat                                           
centration                                                                
      PVC       Impact                                                    
                      Flow distortion                                     
after concen-                                                             
           Antimony                                                       
                strength                                                  
                      rate tempera-                                       
                                 Burn-                                    
blending                                                                  
      tration                                                             
           oxide                                                          
                (ft.-lb./                                                 
                      (g/10                                               
                           ture  ing                                      
(%)   (%)  (%)  in. notch)                                                
                      min.)                                               
                           (°C)                                    
                                 Test*                                    
__________________________________________________________________________
15    20   5    1.4   12.0 83    equal                                    
                                 to SE-1                                  
22.5  40   0    3.8   7.8  71    &#34;                                        
22.5  50   0    6.8   7.4  69    &#34;                                        
25    20    5.5 3.3   7.0  79    &#34;                                        
__________________________________________________________________________
 *U.S. Underwriters Laboratory standard.                                  
 
    
     EXAMPLE XII 
     A polymer prepared in accordance with the Recipes (1) and (2) of Example III, an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer prepared in accordance with Recipe (3) of Example III and, as flame retardants, hexabromobenzene and antimony trioxide were blended in amounts such as to result in concentrations of the chlorinated polyethylene of 26 percent, of the hexabromobenzene of 12 percent and of the antimony trioxide of 2.5 percent using mixing rolls. 
     The properties of the so obtained composition are as follows: 
     
         Impact strength (ft.-lb./in. notch)                                       
                         4.3                                              
Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2)                                            
                         290                                              
Flow rate (g/10 min.)    7.2                                              
Vicat softening point (°C.)                                        
                         102