Patent Publication Number: US-2021182700-A1

Title: Content item selection for goal achievement

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     A content recommendation component selects content items to provide to users based upon an objective. The content items may correspond to images, text, recommendations of activities or products, videos, links to websites or services, etc. The content items may be provided through email, a social network feed, a user interface, etc. In an example, the content recommendation component selects a content item to provide to a user based upon an objective corresponding to maximizing a probability that the user will experience the content item (e.g., a likelihood that the user will watch a video within a social media feed in order keep the user engaged with the social media feed). 
     In another example, the content recommendation component selects a content item to provide to a user based upon an objective corresponding to maximizing revenue. For example, the objective is to maximize revenue for an owner of a media service/system (e.g., a social media service, a website or application through which content items can be displayed, an email service through which users view emails, a video streaming service, a music streaming service, etc.). The revenue may be maximized through a combination of sales or rental of items to users, paid subscriptions, and/or advertising. 
     Unfortunately, the objectives used by the content recommendation component are not tailored to help and benefit the user. Instead, the objectives are profit driven for media services, such as where content items are selected for a user in order to keep the user engaged with a service longer so that more revenue generating opportunities (e.g., showing an advertisement, offering a service or item for sale, etc.) will be provided to the user. 
     SUMMARY 
     In accordance with the present disclosure, one or more computing devices and/or methods for content item selection for goal achievement are provided. A model may be trained to identify content items to provide to users based upon an objective corresponding to inspiring and/or motivating the users to work towards achieving their goals. In an embodiment, a goal may comprise a health goal. The health goal may correspond to a wide variety of health related goals, such as achieving or maintaining a healthy weight, blood pressure level, blood sugar level, or exercise routine, taking medicine as prescribed, monitoring health on a prescribed schedule, establishing or maintaining healthy eating habits, etc. In an embodiment, a goal may comprise a financial goal. The financial goal may correspond to a wide variety of financial related goals, such as saving for retirement, buying a home, remodeling a home, starting a business, investing, finding a new or better job, advancing in a current job, etc. 
     In an embodiment, a goal may comprise an education goal. The education goal may correspond to a wide variety of educational related goals, such as enrolling in or completing an online course or another course of study, obtaining acceptance to a college or graduate school, improving grades in school, learning a skill, learning a language, etc. In an embodiment, the goal may comprise a relationship goal. The relationship goal may correspond to a wide variety of relationship related goals, such as dating, marriage, maintaining a healthy marriage, finding new friends, maintaining healthy friendships, developing or maintaining healthy relationships with immediate or extended family, etc. In an embodiment, a goal may comprise a lifestyle goal. The lifestyle goal may corresponding to a wide variety of lifestyle related goals, such as embracing a new style in fashion, refining an old style in fashion, taking an enjoyable vacation, establishing or maintaining habits that are good for the environment, getting involved in a cause, becoming a sports fan, adopting a pet, improving athletic performance, etc. 
     In an embodiment, goals of users may be explicitly defined by the users. For example, a user may specify a goal to gain 5 pounds of muscle mass over a summer break from school. In an embodiment, such goals may be inferred from various signals, such as from email messages, text messages, social network posts, email receipts, bank statements, calendar entries, website browsing history, images viewed through an image sharing service, etc. For example, the user may view images about Germany, and then write a blog about wanting to learn the German language. The images and blog may be evaluated to infer that the user has a goal to learn the German language. 
     The model may be trained to select content items that will help motivate particular users to achieve certain goals. The model may be trained by performing statistical filtering on a set of content items to identify content items that correlate to goal progress for groups of users. For example, a group of 25 year old males living in Florida may have a tendency to gain muscle mass after watching rugby videos (e.g., after rugby videos are shown to these types of users, the users, personal trainers, and/or other data sources may provide muscle mass tracking data over time to a content recommendation component configured to train and utilize the model for selecting content items to provide to users). Because mere statistical filtering may be based upon correlation (e.g., user that watches a rugby video subsequently gained muscle mass), which is not always causation (e.g., did viewing a rugby video cause a user to perform an activity to gain muscle mass), causality testing (e.g., A/B testing) is performed to further train the model based upon causation. The causality testing takes into account whether users made progress towards a goal when shown a content item and whether users made progress towards the goal when not shown the content item. If many users still made progress towards the goal when not shown the content item, then there may be less causality of the content item causing users to make progress towards the goal. 
     Once trained, the model may be utilized to select a content item to provide to a user in order to motivate the user to make progress towards a goal. In an example, the goal of the user may be identified, such as either explicitly specified by the user or inferred based upon various signals. In an embodiment, a time limit may be imposed upon the goal, such as where the user wants to learn a language by the end of summer before school starts back when the user has little time or desire to continue working on learning the language. In an embodiment, the user may be clustered into a cluster of other similar users with similar goals. In this way, historical data of users within the cluster (e.g., information relating to what content items motivated users within the cluster to make progress towards the goal of learning the German language) is aggregated as an input into the model for selecting the content item to provide to the user. 
     The model is executed to evaluate the goal of the user, user information (e.g., age, gender, work location, home location, media type preference such as a particular social network, application, website, etc.), the aggregated historical data of similar users, and/or a set of content items to generate predictions for the content items of how likely each content item will be a causation factor of the user making progress towards the goal in response to the user being provided with each content item. In an embodiment, the model comprises a function. The function has an input of an item input (e.g., a content item), a user input (e.g., user information), and a goal input (e.g., the goal to learn the German language by the end of summer). Based upon the input, the function outputs an increased probability that the user will make progress towards the goal if provided with the content item. The output corresponds to a difference between a probability that the user will make progress towards the goal if provided with the content item and a probability that the user will make progress towards the goal if the user is not provided with the content item. In this way, each content item is assigned an output of how likely the content item is a causation factor (e.g., an increase in a probability that the user will make progress towards the goal if provided with a content item), which can be used to rank the content items. In an embodiment, one or more additional systems may be used to rank the content items. Such additional systems may utilize a different objective than the objective to motivate the user to make progress towards the goal. For example, a system with an objective to maximize a probability that the user will experience the item or an objective to maximize revenue may also be used to rank the content items. 
     A target content item is selected from the set of content items based upon the target content item having a predicted likelihood of being the causation factor above a threshold. For example, the target content item may be selected as a content item with a highest likelihood of being the causation factor (e.g., a largest increase in a probability that the user will make progress towards the goal if provided with the target content item). In this way, the target content item is provided to the user, such as through an application, a website, a social media feed, an image sharing service, an email, a message, a push notification, etc. 
     Progress of the user towards the goal may be monitored through various goal measurement feedback channels, such as user input, weight measurement from a scale, email content (e.g., the user emailing a friend about studying the German language the other day), calendar content (e.g., the user creating a calendar entry to study the German language), bank statements, receipts (e.g., the user purchasing a German language instructional video), information input by a third party such as a parent or doctor, activities performed by the user and tracked by a smart device, location information of the user, and/or a wide variety of information that can be obtained and evaluated to see if the user took action towards the goal. The goal progress data may be used to further train the model and to further select content items to provide to the user for making further progress towards the goal. The goal progress data may be used to subsequently select content items to show to the user (e.g., if the user made progress after being shown a certain type of video, then other similar videos may be shown to the user; if the user did not make progress after viewing an image having a particular theme, then different types of content than the image and/or different themes than the theme may be selected; etc.). 
     In an embodiment, the user may have a set of goals. A relative importance of the goals with respect to one another may be explicitly specified by the user or inferred (e.g., if the user posts daily about learning a language and rarely posts about losing weight, then a goal of learning the language may be inferred as more important than a goal of losing weight). Accordingly, weights of relative importance may be applied for each goal within the set of goals. A weighted average of increases in successive probabilities of the user making progress over each goal may be utilized to rank content items in order to determine which content item to provide to the user (e.g., a content item likely to cause the user to study a language may be ranked higher than a content item likely to cause the user to lose weight). 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       While the techniques presented herein may be embodied in alternative forms, the particular embodiments illustrated in the drawings are only a few examples that are supplemental of the description provided herein. These embodiments are not to be interpreted in a limiting manner, such as limiting the claims appended hereto. 
         FIG. 1  is an illustration of a scenario involving various examples of networks that may connect servers and clients. 
         FIG. 2  is an illustration of a scenario involving an example configuration of a server that may utilize and/or implement at least a portion of the techniques presented herein. 
         FIG. 3  is an illustration of a scenario involving an example configuration of a client that may utilize and/or implement at least a portion of the techniques presented herein. 
         FIG. 4  is a flow chart illustrating an example method for content item selection for goal achievement. 
         FIG. 5  is a component block diagram illustrating an example system for content item selection for goal achievement, where a registration user interface is utilized to receive user and goal information. 
         FIG. 6  is a component block diagram illustrating an example system for content item selection for goal achievement, where a model to generated and trained. 
         FIG. 7  is a component block diagram illustrating an example system for content item selection for goal achievement, where a model is utilized to select a content item to provide to a user having a health goal. 
         FIG. 8  is a component block diagram illustrating an example system for content item selection for goal achievement, where a model is utilized to select a content item to provide to a user having a financial goal. 
         FIG. 9  is a component block diagram illustrating an example system for content item selection for goal achievement, where a model is utilized to select a content item to provide to a user having an education goal. 
         FIG. 10  is a component block diagram illustrating an example system for content item selection for goal achievement, where a model is utilized to select a content item to provide to a user having a relationship goal. 
         FIG. 11  is a component block diagram illustrating an example system for content item selection for goal achievement, where a model is utilized to select a content item to provide to a user having a lifestyle goal. 
         FIG. 12  is an illustration of a scenario featuring an example non-transitory machine readable medium in accordance with one or more of the provisions set forth herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Subject matter will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which show, by way of illustration, specific example embodiments. This description is not intended as an extensive or detailed discussion of known concepts. Details that are known generally to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may have been omitted, or may be handled in summary fashion. 
     The following subject matter may be embodied in a variety of different forms, such as methods, devices, components, and/or systems. Accordingly, this subject matter is not intended to be construed as limited to any example embodiments set forth herein. Rather, example embodiments are provided merely to be illustrative. Such embodiments may, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof. 
     1. Computing Scenario 
     The following provides a discussion of some types of computing scenarios in which the disclosed subject matter may be utilized and/or implemented. 
     1.1. Networking 
       FIG. 1  is an interaction diagram of a scenario  100  illustrating a service  102  provided by a set of servers  104  to a set of client devices  110  via various types of networks. The servers  104  and/or client devices  110  may be capable of transmitting, receiving, processing, and/or storing many types of signals, such as in memory as physical memory states. 
     The servers  104  of the service  102  may be internally connected via a local area network  106  (LAN), such as a wired network where network adapters on the respective servers  104  are interconnected via cables (e.g., coaxial and/or fiber optic cabling), and may be connected in various topologies (e.g., buses, token rings, meshes, and/or trees). The servers  104  may be interconnected directly, or through one or more other networking devices, such as routers, switches, and/or repeaters. The servers  104  may utilize a variety of physical networking protocols (e.g., Ethernet and/or Fiber Channel) and/or logical networking protocols (e.g., variants of an Internet Protocol (IP), a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and/or a User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The local area network  106  may include, e.g., analog telephone lines, such as a twisted wire pair, a coaxial cable, full or fractional digital lines including T1, T2, T3, or T4 type lines, Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDNs), Digital Subscriber Lines (DSLs), wireless links including satellite links, or other communication links or channels, such as may be known to those skilled in the art. The local area network  106  may be organized according to one or more network architectures, such as server/client, peer-to-peer, and/or mesh architectures, and/or a variety of roles, such as administrative servers, authentication servers, security monitor servers, data stores for objects such as files and databases, business logic servers, time synchronization servers, and/or front-end servers providing a user-facing interface for the service  102 . 
     Likewise, the local area network  106  may comprise one or more sub-networks, such as may employ differing architectures, may be compliant or compatible with differing protocols and/or may interoperate within the local area network  106 . Additionally, a variety of local area networks  106  may be interconnected; e.g., a router may provide a link between otherwise separate and independent local area networks  106 . 
     In the scenario  100  of  FIG. 1 , the local area network  106  of the service  102  is connected to a wide area network  108  (WAN) that allows the service  102  to exchange data with other services  102  and/or client devices  110 . The wide area network  108  may encompass various combinations of devices with varying levels of distribution and exposure, such as a public wide-area network (e.g., the Internet) and/or a private network (e.g., a virtual private network (VPN) of a distributed enterprise). 
     In the scenario  100  of  FIG. 1 , the service  102  may be accessed via the wide area network  108  by a user  112  of one or more client devices  110 , such as a portable media player (e.g., an electronic text reader, an audio device, or a portable gaming, exercise, or navigation device); a portable communication device (e.g., a camera, a phone, a wearable or a text chatting device); a workstation; and/or a laptop form factor computer. The respective client devices  110  may communicate with the service  102  via various connections to the wide area network  108 . As a first such example, one or more client devices  110  may comprise a cellular communicator and may communicate with the service  102  by connecting to the wide area network  108  via a wireless local area network  106  provided by a cellular provider. As a second such example, one or more client devices  110  may communicate with the service  102  by connecting to the wide area network  108  via a wireless local area network  106  provided by a location such as the user&#39;s home or workplace (e.g., a WiFi (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 802.11) network or a Bluetooth (IEEE Standard 802.15.1) personal area network). In this manner, the servers  104  and the client devices  110  may communicate over various types of networks. Other types of networks that may be accessed by the servers  104  and/or client devices  110  include mass storage, such as network attached storage (NAS), a storage area network (SAN), or other forms of computer or machine readable media. 
     1.2. Server Configuration 
       FIG. 2  presents a schematic architecture diagram  200  of a server  104  that may utilize at least a portion of the techniques provided herein. Such a server  104  may vary widely in configuration or capabilities, alone or in conjunction with other servers, in order to provide a service such as the service  102 . 
     The server  104  may comprise one or more processors  210  that process instructions. The one or more processors  210  may optionally include a plurality of cores; one or more coprocessors, such as a mathematics coprocessor or an integrated graphical processing unit (GPU); and/or one or more layers of local cache memory. The server  104  may comprise memory  202  storing various forms of applications, such as an operating system  204 ; one or more server applications  206 , such as a hypertext transport protocol (HTTP) server, a file transfer protocol (FTP) server, or a simple mail transport protocol (SMTP) server; and/or various forms of data, such as a database  208  or a file system. The server  104  may comprise a variety of peripheral components, such as a wired and/or wireless network adapter  214  connectible to a local area network and/or wide area network; one or more storage components  216 , such as a hard disk drive, a solid-state storage device (SSD), a flash memory device, and/or a magnetic and/or optical disk reader. 
     The server  104  may comprise a mainboard featuring one or more communication buses  212  that interconnect the processor  210 , the memory  202 , and various peripherals, using a variety of bus technologies, such as a variant of a serial or parallel AT Attachment (ATA) bus protocol; a Uniform Serial Bus (USB) protocol; and/or Small Computer System Interface (SCI) bus protocol. In a multibus scenario, a communication bus  212  may interconnect the server  104  with at least one other server. Other components that may optionally be included with the server  104  (though not shown in the schematic architecture diagram  200  of  FIG. 2 ) include a display; a display adapter, such as a graphical processing unit (GPU); input peripherals, such as a keyboard and/or mouse; and a flash memory device that may store a basic input/output system (BIOS) routine that facilitates booting the server  104  to a state of readiness. 
     The server  104  may operate in various physical enclosures, such as a desktop or tower, and/or may be integrated with a display as an “all-in-one” device. The server  104  may be mounted horizontally and/or in a cabinet or rack, and/or may simply comprise an interconnected set of components. The server  104  may comprise a dedicated and/or shared power supply  218  that supplies and/or regulates power for the other components. The server  104  may provide power to and/or receive power from another server and/or other devices. The server  104  may comprise a shared and/or dedicated climate control unit  220  that regulates climate properties, such as temperature, humidity, and/or airflow. Many such servers  104  may be configured and/or adapted to utilize at least a portion of the techniques presented herein. 
     1.3. Client Device Configuration 
       FIG. 3  presents a schematic architecture diagram  300  of a client device  110  whereupon at least a portion of the techniques presented herein may be implemented. Such a client device  110  may vary widely in configuration or capabilities, in order to provide a variety of functionality to a user such as the user  112 . The client device  110  may be provided in a variety of form factors, such as a desktop or tower workstation; an “all-in-one” device integrated with a display  308 ; a laptop, tablet, convertible tablet, or palmtop device; a wearable device mountable in a headset, eyeglass, earpiece, and/or wristwatch, and/or integrated with an article of clothing; and/or a component of a piece of furniture, such as a tabletop, and/or of another device, such as a vehicle or residence. The client device  110  may serve the user in a variety of roles, such as a workstation, kiosk, media player, gaming device, and/or appliance. 
     The client device  110  may comprise one or more processors  310  that process instructions. The one or more processors  310  may optionally include a plurality of cores; one or more coprocessors, such as a mathematics coprocessor or an integrated graphical processing unit (GPU); and/or one or more layers of local cache memory. The client device  110  may comprise memory  301  storing various forms of applications, such as an operating system  303 ; one or more user applications  302 , such as document applications, media applications, file and/or data access applications, communication applications such as web browsers and/or email clients, utilities, and/or games; and/or drivers for various peripherals. The client device  110  may comprise a variety of peripheral components, such as a wired and/or wireless network adapter  306  connectible to a local area network and/or wide area network; one or more output components, such as a display  308  coupled with a display adapter (optionally including a graphical processing unit (GPU)), a sound adapter coupled with a speaker, and/or a printer; input devices for receiving input from the user, such as a keyboard  311 , a mouse, a microphone, a camera, and/or a touch-sensitive component of the display  308 ; and/or environmental sensors, such as a global positioning system (GPS) receiver  319  that detects the location, velocity, and/or acceleration of the client device  110 , a compass, accelerometer, and/or gyroscope that detects a physical orientation of the client device  110 . Other components that may optionally be included with the client device  110  (though not shown in the schematic architecture diagram  300  of  FIG. 3 ) include one or more storage components, such as a hard disk drive, a solid-state storage device (SSD), a flash memory device, and/or a magnetic and/or optical disk reader; and/or a flash memory device that may store a basic input/output system (BIOS) routine that facilitates booting the client device  110  to a state of readiness; and a climate control unit that regulates climate properties, such as temperature, humidity, and airflow. 
     The client device  110  may comprise a mainboard featuring one or more communication buses  312  that interconnect the processor  310 , the memory  301 , and various peripherals, using a variety of bus technologies, such as a variant of a serial or parallel AT Attachment (ATA) bus protocol; the Uniform Serial Bus (USB) protocol; and/or the Small Computer System Interface (SCI) bus protocol. The client device  110  may comprise a dedicated and/or shared power supply  318  that supplies and/or regulates power for other components, and/or a battery  304  that stores power for use while the client device  110  is not connected to a power source via the power supply  318 . The client device  110  may provide power to and/or receive power from other client devices. 
     In some scenarios, as a user  112  interacts with a software application on a client device  110  (e.g., an instant messenger and/or electronic mail application), descriptive content in the form of signals or stored physical states within memory (e.g., an email address, instant messenger identifier, phone number, postal address, message content, date, and/or time) may be identified. Descriptive content may be stored, typically along with contextual content. For example, the source of a phone number (e.g., a communication received from another user via an instant messenger application) may be stored as contextual content associated with the phone number. Contextual content, therefore, may identify circumstances surrounding receipt of a phone number (e.g., the date or time that the phone number was received), and may be associated with descriptive content. Contextual content, may, for example, be used to subsequently search for associated descriptive content. For example, a search for phone numbers received from specific individuals, received via an instant messenger application or at a given date or time, may be initiated. The client device  110  may include one or more servers that may locally serve the client device  110  and/or other client devices of the user  112  and/or other individuals. For example, a locally installed webserver may provide web content in response to locally submitted web requests. Many such client devices  110  may be configured and/or adapted to utilize at least a portion of the techniques presented herein. 
     2. Presented Techniques 
     Techniques are provided for content item selection for goal achievement. A user may consume content through a variety of services (e.g., an email service), user interfaces, applications (e.g., a social network application), and websites provided by content providers. A content provider may select content items to provide to the user to supplement the content that users would normally be provided. For example, the user may be viewing a social network feed provided by a social network content provider through a social network application. The social network feed may be populated with social network posts created by friends of the user. In addition, the social network content provider may evaluate a set of content items using a particular objective in order to select a content item to additionally provide to the user through the social network feed. The objective may correspond to selecting content items that will have a high probability of user engagement in order to keep the user engaged with the social network feed for as long as possible so that the user can be provided with revenue generating opportunities such as advertisements, subscription offers, etc. Unfortunately, these types of content items and objectives of addiction and increasing revenue may not benefit the user. Thus, there is a need for selecting content items that will benefit the user, such as content items that will inspire and/or motivate the user to achieve goals. 
     Accordingly, as provided herein, a content recommendation component (e.g., a component implemented by hardware, software, or combination thereof) is configured to select content items to provide to users based upon an objective of increasing a likelihood that the users will make progress towards their goals based upon the users consuming the content items. In particular, goals of users are identified. For example, a user may explicitly define a goal (e.g., save for a vacation) or the goal may be inferred based upon an evaluation of various user signals (e.g., the user sends a message to a friend about wanting to take a vacation but needing to save for the vacation). Content items are then provided to the users, and feedback is obtained as to whether the users made progress towards their goals. For example, a beach vacation video may be provided to the user through a social network feed. 
     The user may have registered and provided opt-in consent for the content recommendation component to have access to certain data sources, such as an email account, bank statements, user location data, social network activity, website browsing history, etc. In this way, the content recommendation component may evaluate feedback from the data sources to determine whether the user made progress towards saving for the vacation (e.g., a bank statement may indicate that the user has increased savings by $2,000). Information about users, goals of each user, what content items have been provided to what users, and goal progress of each users may be tracked and/or used to cluster similar users with similar goals. This information is also used to train a model used by the content recommendation component to select content items to provide to users with the objective of increasing a likelihood that the users will make progress towards their goals based upon the users consuming the content items. 
     As part of training the model, statistical filtering is performed to filter a set of content items to identify those content items that correlate to goal progress for groups/clusters of users. For example, the statistical filtering may identify a particular content item that was provided to a group of users that made progress towards saving for a vacation. Thus, those content items may be marked as having a correlation with the goal of saving towards a vacation for those types of users within the group of users. However, correlation may not always be the same as causation where the viewing of a content item by a user is an actual causation factor for the user to perform progress towards the goal. Accordingly, causation testing, such as A/B testing, may be performed where some users with the vacation savings goal are provided with a content item and other users with the vacation savings goal are not provided with the content item. In this way, the causation testing can be used to train the model (e.g., modify parameters, weights of parameters, algorithms/functions, analysis, etc. of the model) to identify whether users viewing the content item was a causation factor for those users making progress towards saving for a vacation or not (e.g., users may have saved for the vacation even though they were not provided with the content item, and thus the content item may not be a good candidate to provide to users to inspire those users to save for a vacation compared to other content items, and further parameters/functions used to select the content item may have relative weights of importance/accuracy decreased). 
     Once trained, the content recommendation component can utilize the model to select a content item to provide to a user in order to increase a probability that the user will be inspired and/or motivated by the content item to make progress towards a goal. In this way, the model is used by the content recommendation component for a practical application of identifying content items to provide to users in order to achieve a particular objective of increasing a probability that the users make progress towards their goals. 
     An embodiment of content item selection for goal achievement is illustrated by an example method  400  of  FIG. 4 . At  402 , a goal of a user may be identified. In an embodiment, the user may register with a content recommendation component, such as a service configured to provide content items to users. The user may utilize a user interface to input user information, such as an age of the user, a gender, a work location, a home location, a media preference (e.g., a preference to use a particular video streaming service, the use of a particular social network profile, an email service and account, etc.), and/or a wide variety of other information about the user. The user may utilize the user interface to input the goal of the user. For example, the user may specify a goal to achieve a high score in a racing videogame. In an embodiment, the user may select a goal from a set of predefined goals (e.g., achieve a high score in a videogame). The user may further define the selected goal (e.g., specify the name of the videogame, a score threshold, a time duration within which the score threshold should be reached such as within a month, and/or other parameters of the goal). The user may break the goal down into multiple steps, such as a first sub-goal step to save money to buy the videogame, a second sub-goal step to install and practice at the videogame, and a third sub-goal step to beat a particular score in the videogame. In an embodiment, the user information, such as age data, gender data, home location data, work location data, and media preference data of users may be stored within a user repository accessible to the content recommendation component. 
     In an embodiment, the user does not register with the content recommendation component, and thus the user is identified by the content recommendation component for the purpose of providing content items to the user for achieving a goal of the user (e.g., the user may log into an email account hosted by an email service utilizing the content recommendation component, and thus the user may be identified for the purpose of providing content items to the user, such as through an email user interface, for achieving a goal of the user). The user information may be automatically collecting from various content sources, such as from email content, an email account profile, global positioning system (GPS) location data indicative of where the user resides and where the user works, publically available social network posts, calendar entries maintained with the emails service, etc. 
     In an embodiment, the goal of the user may be inferred from various user signals. For example, the content recommendation component may evaluate emails, social network posts, queries submitted by the user, browsing history, locational data, receipts, and/or a wide variety of information from various data sources to infer the goal (e.g., the user may create a social network post about buying a videogame, and then the user may submit a search query for how to obtain a highest score in the videogame). 
     Various types of goals may be predefined and/or user defined. In an embodiment, a goal may comprise a health goal, such as achieving or maintaining a healthy weight, blood pressure level, blood sugar level, or exercise routine, taking medicine as prescribed, monitoring health on a prescribed schedule, establishing or maintaining healthy eating habits, etc. In an embodiment, a goal may comprise a financial goal, such as saving for retirement, buying a home, remodeling a home, starting a business, investing, finding a new or better job, advancing in a current job, etc. 
     In an embodiment, a goal may comprise an education goal, such as enrolling in or completing an online course or another course of study, obtaining acceptance to a college or graduate school, improving grades in school, learning a skill, learning a language, etc. In an embodiment, the goal may comprise a relationship goal, such as dating, marriage, maintaining a healthy marriage, finding new friends, maintaining healthy friendships, developing or maintaining healthy relationships with immediate or extended family, etc. In an embodiment, a goal may comprise a lifestyle goal, such as embracing a new style in fashion, refining an old style in fashion, taking an enjoyable vacation, establishing or maintaining habits that are good for the environment, getting involved in a cause, becoming a sports fan, adopting a pet, improving athletic performance, etc. 
     In an embodiment, a time limit may be applied to the goal by the content recommendation component. The time limit may be inferred or specified by the user. In an example, the user specifies that the user wants to beat the score threshold by the end of summer before school starts. In another example, the user may have a goal to see the next winter Olympics in person, and thus a time limit may be inferred by the content recommendation component as to being as date at which the next winter Olympics end. 
     At  404 , the content recommendation component utilizes a model to evaluate the goal (e.g., the goal to beat the score threshold in the racing videogame), the user information (e.g., the age of the user, the gender of the user, media preferences of the user, and/or a variety of demographic information about the user), and a set of content items (e.g., text, images, videos, etc., along with metadata of content items and relationships amongst content items) to generate predictions for content items of how likely each content item will be a causation factor of the user making progress towards the goal in response to the user being provided with each content item. In an embodiment, the content recommendation component analyzes content items stored within a media repository. The content recommendation component may store metadata about content items (e.g., an author of a content item, a date the content item was created, a type of content item, a theme of a content item, a topic of a content item, a color scheme of a content item, actors portrayed by a content item, people and objects depicted by a content item, etc.) within the media repository. The content recommendation component may store relationships between content items corresponding to overlap of authorship data, themes data, location data, actors data, users experiencing content items, times of users experiencing content items, and/or other similarities/overlaps of metadata associated with content items. In this way, the metadata and relationships may be utilized by the content recommendation component and model for selecting content items to provide to users (e.g., if a content item caused a user to make progress towards a goal, then metadata and relationships of the content item may be used to identify other similar content items to subsequently provide to the user to cause the user to make further progress towards the goal and/or to other users with a similar goal). 
     In an embodiment, the model also evaluates other information, such as aggregated historical data of other users. For example, progress of users towards their goals may be tracked by the content recommendation component. Content items provided to those users, the progress towards their goals, and/or user information about the users may be used to cluster the users into clusters (groups). A cluster may comprise similar users with similar goals, along with content items provided to those users and the progress of each user made towards their goal. Accordingly historical data may be generated for each user. The historical data relates to content items provided to each user and goal progress data. In this way, a cluster of users that are similar to the user and have similar goals as the user may be identified. An aggregate of historical data of those users within the cluster may be utilized as input into the model for generating the predictions for content items, ranking the content items based upon the predictions, and/or selecting a target content item to provide to the user. In an embodiment, the model may map a combination of user, item, and goal to different probabilities that a user will make progress towards a goal if a content item is provided to that user. 
     The aggregated historical data may be used to train the model to more accurately predict what content items will inspire and/or motivate certain types of users to make progress to particular goals. For example, statistical filtering is performed upon the set of content items based upon the aggregated historical data to identify content items that correlate to goal progress for groups (clusters) of users. A group of users may comprise users that made progress towards a goal and who were also provided with a particular content item. Thus, the statistical filtering can identify correlations between goal progress and content items being provided to users. However, some correlations may not actually be the same as causation, such as where a content item was provided to a user that made progress towards a goal, but not because of being provided with the content item and would have made progress towards the goal even if not provided with the content item. 
     Accordingly, causality testing, such as A/B testing, is performed to train the model on not just correlations but also on causation. In particular, causality testing may be performed for a content item by tracking whether a first set of users provided with the content item made progress towards the goal and whether a second set of users not provided with the content item made progress towards the goal. If a threshold amount of users within the second set of users made progress towards the goal (e.g., or if certain percentage of users within the second set of users made progress towards the goal in relation to a percentage of users within the first set of users), then the model may be trained to understand that the content item may not be a causation factor for users to make progress towards the goal (e.g., parameters and/or functions used by the model to select the content item may be discounted, such as by having a relative weight of importance decreased to indicate that the parameters and/or functions are relatively less accurate). In this way, the model may be trained to identify content items that cause users to make progress towards certain goals. 
     Once trained, the model is utilized, at  404 , to generate the predictions for the content items of how likely each content item will be a causation factor of the user making progress towards the goal in response to the user being provided with each content item. In an embodiment of generating the predictions, the model may comprise a function with an input of an item input (e.g., metadata and relationships of the content item to other content items), a user input (e.g., the user information of the user), and a goal input (e.g., a description and parameters of the user having the goal of reaching the score threshold). The output of the function is an increase in probability that the user will make progress towards the goal if provided with the content item, which is based upon a difference between a probability that the user makes progress towards the goal if provided with the content item and a probability that the user makes progress towards the goal if the user is not provided with the content item. In this way, the increase in probability may be used as a ranking factor related to a predicted likelihood that the content item is a causation factor of the user making progress towards the goal (e.g., the more likely the content item is a causation factor, the larger the ranking factor). 
     In an embodiment, other systems (components) may be utilized for ranking the content items (e.g., the content items are ranked so that a highest ranked content item may be provided to the user). For example, the content recommendation component may utilize the objective of inspiring and/or motivating the user to make progress towards the goal. Another system may utilize a different objective, such as an objective to maximize a likelihood of the user engaging with content items or an objective to maximize revenue generated from the user interacting with content items, to additionally rank the content items. The ranks (ranking factors) output by the systems may be taken into account, such as aggregated, for ranking content items to determine which content item (e.g., a highest ranked content item) to provide to the user for inspiring and/or motivating the user to make progress towards the goal. 
     At  406 , a target content item is selected, by the content recommendation component, from the set of content items based upon the target content item having a predicted likelihood of being the causation factor (e.g., a ranking factor) above a threshold. In an embodiment, the threshold corresponds to a largest predicted likelihood of being the causation factor (e.g., a largest ranking factor). In an example, a motivational speech about putting forth your best effort in all aspects of life such as personal hobbies may be selected as the target content item based upon the motivational speech having a largest predicted likelihood of being the causation factor (e.g., a largest ranking factor). In an embodiment, the content item may comprise a video, text, a link to a website, a recommendation (e.g., a recommendation of taking a break from consuming content), an image, a game, etc. 
     In an embodiment, a risk tolerance of the user is taken into account when selecting the target content item. For example, the user may have a risk tolerance for an outcome of failing to achieve the goal (e.g., if the goal is to obtain a raise at work, then the user may have a 10% risk tolerance of losing a job from asking for the raise in relation to obtaining a $5 k raise). Accordingly, the risk tolerance is utilized for selecting the target content item. 
     At  408 , the target content item is provided through a registered media channel associated with a device of the user. The registered media channel may correspond to a media preference specified by the user, such as an email account (e.g., the content item may be provided through an email user interface or through an email), a social network profile (e.g., the content item may be provided through a social network user interface or as a post), a phone number (e.g., the content item may be provided as a text message), a streaming service subscribed to by the user (e.g., the content item may be provided as a recommended video to watch), a videogame console account (e.g., a content item may be provided as a recommendation through a videogame console interface to try a videogame), etc. Subsequent to providing the target content item to the user, a follow-up recommendation of an activity associated with the target content item and/or the goal of the user may be provided (e.g., if the target content item comprised the motivational speech about personal hobbies, then the recommendation may recommend an activity of starting another hobby that was discussed in the motivational speech). 
     In an embodiment, progress of the user achieving the goal is tracked through goal measurement feedback channels. A goal measurement feedback channel may correspond to a data source from which the content recommendation component can retrieve data indicative of whether the user made progress towards achieving the goal. For example, the goal measurement feedback channel may correspond to a phone (e.g., GPS data transmitted by the phone over a network to the content recommendation component), a smart scale (e.g., a weight of the user transmitted by the smart scale over a network to the content recommendation component), a smart refrigerator (e.g., an indication of what food the user is storing within the smart refrigerator), a bank account statement (e.g., a bank statement accessible through a website or banking service for which the user has provided access credentials to the content recommendation component), a receipt (e.g., a receipt within an email of an email account for which the user has provided access credentials to the content recommendation component), a social network service (e.g., a social network post by the user), an image sharing service (e.g., an image shared by the user), a videogame console account (e.g., an indication of games current owned by the user, high scores achieved by the user, etc.), email (e.g., an exchange of emails between the user and a cousin), a wearable exercise device such as a smart watch (e.g., a number of steps taken by the user within a day), medical and pharmacy records (e.g., an indication that the user refilled a prescription), etc. Explicit opt-in consent may be obtained from the user to obtain access to certain goal measurement feedback channels (e.g., consent to access medical records, bank statements, emails, etc.). 
     In an embodiment, a goal measurement feedback channel may be explicitly defined and set up by the user, such as where the user utilizes a user interface to provide the content recommendation component with access to bank account statements accessible through a website of a bank. In an embodiment, a goal measurement feedback channel may be inferred by the content recommendation component, such as where a publically available social network posts by the user may be obtained as goal progress feedback of the user. In an embodiment, the goal measurement feedback channel may correspond to user input of the user, output of device equipment (e.g., a phone, a watch, a treadmill, a scale, a vehicle, etc.), and/or user input by a third party, such as a parent, a doctor, a pharmacist, a financial advisor, etc. 
     In an embodiment, the user may have multiple goals, such as a goal to save for a car, the goal to beat the score threshold in the racing videogame, a goal to keep in better contact with a cousin, etc. Weights of relative importance for each goal may be applied to the goals of the user. In an embodiment, the weights may be explicitly set by the user (e.g., the user may rank the importance of each goal). In an embodiment, the weights may be infer by the content recommendation component. For example, a relatively larger weight may be assigned to a goal that the user routinely posts about on a social network compared to another goal that the user posted about once through the social network. A weighted average of increases in successive probabilities of the user making progress over each goal may be utilized to rank content items to determine which content items to provide to the user so that the user has the highest probability of making progress towards goals that are more important to the user in response to being provided with selected content items. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a system  500  for content item selection for goal achievement. A user may access a registration user interface  502  utilizing a computing device, such as through a mobile application or website. The registration user interface  502  may be associated with a content recommendation component configured to provide content items to the user with an objective of the user making progress towards a goal. The user may utilize the registration user interface  502  to register with the content recommendation component. The user may utilize a name input user interface element  504  to input a name of the user. The user may utilize an age input user interface element  506  to input an age of the user. The user may utilize a gender user interface element  508  to input a gender of the user. The user may utilize a work location user interface element  510  to input a work location of the user where the user is employed. The user may utilize a home location user interface element  512  to input a home location of the user where the user resides. 
     The user may utilize a permissions user interface element  514  to provide explicit opt-in consent for the content recommendation component to access certain data sources to obtain information used to identify goals of the user, user information about the user, and/or goal progress of the user. The user may utilize the permissions user interface element  514  to specify credentials needed to access the data sources, such as an email account login and password, a bank website login and password, access information for a smart thermostat within a home of the user, etc. The user may utilize a media preferences user interface element  516  to specify preferences of what types of content items the user prefers, such as images, videos, messages, links to websites, etc. The user may utilize a goal definition user interface element  518  to select a predefined goal, further define or modify the predefined goal, break the predefined goal into sub-goals, and/or specify a user defined goal. The user may utilize a goal measurement feedback channels user interface element  520  to specify data sources from which the content recommendation component is to obtain goal progress data, such as information about an email account of the user, information about a smart scale, information about an exercise watch, etc. The user may utilize a register media channels user interface element  522  to specify applications, websites, email accounts, social network profiles, a phone number for text messages, a videogame console account, a media streaming service, and/or a variety of other media channels through which the user prefers to receive content items from the content recommendation component. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a system  600  for content item selection for goal achievement. A content recommendation component may be configured to train a model  616  for selecting content items to provide to users based upon the content items having relatively larger likelihoods of being causation factors for the users to make progress towards their goals. The content recommendation component may be configured to generate clusters, such as a first cluster  602 , a second cluster  604 , a third cluster  606 , and/or other clusters. The generation recommendation component may generate the clusters based upon at least one of user characteristics/information of users (e.g., create a cluster of similar users, such as users with similar ages, locations, occupations, etc.), goals of users (e.g., create a cluster of users with similar goals such as users that have a weight loss goal over winter break), goal progress (e.g., create a cluster of users that made similar progress towards a goal), and/or content items provided to users (e.g., create a cluster of users provided with the same content item in order to inspire/motivate the users to make progress towards a goal). Any number of these factors or combinations thereof may be used to cluster users. 
     As part of training the model  616 , the content recommendation component performs statistical filtering  610  for content items to identify content items that correlate to goal progress for groups of users. For example, the content recommendation component may evaluate the first cluster  602  to determine if users, provided with a particular content item, made progress towards a weight loss goal. If the statistical filter  610  determines that the user generally make progress towards their weight loss goals after being provided with the content item, then the content item and the weight loss goal may be correlated together. 
     Because correlation between the content item and goal progress towards the weight loss goal may not equate to the content item being provided to the users as a causation factor that caused the users to lose weight (e.g., the users would have lost weight regardless of whether the users were provided with the content item), the content recommendation component may perform causation testing, such as A/B testing  612 . The A/B testing  612  may be performed to track whether a first set of users provided with the content item made progress towards the weight loss goal and whether a second set of users not provided with the content item made progress towards the weight loss goal. If a proportionally greater number of users within the first set of users made progress towards the weight loss goal than users within the second set of users that made progress towards the weight loss goal, then the content item may be determined to be a causation factor for the users making progress towards the weight loss goal. Otherwise, the content item may not be determined to be the causation factor. In this way, the content recommendation component may create statistical inferences  614  of which content items will cause certain types of users to make progress towards particular goals. The statistical inferences  614  are used by the content recommendation component to train the model  616 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a system  700  for content item selection for goal achievement. A user may utilize a user device  702  (e.g., a mobile phone, a smart device, a laptop, a videogame console, a smart television, etc.) to access a media channel registered with a content recommendation component  706 . For example, the user may utilize the user device  702  to access a social network profile of the user. The content recommendation component  706  may receive a notification that the user is accessing the social network profile. In an embodiment, the user may have previously register with the content recommendation component  706 . The user may have provided the content recommendation component  706  with an indication that the user is trying to gain 10 lbs of muscle mass over the summer as a health goal  708  of the user. The user may have provided the content recommendation component  706  with user information  710 , such as a current weight, an age, information about how to access a smart scale  714  for weight measurement information of the user, information about how to access information from a sports watch  716  for obtaining exercise information from the sports watch  716 , explicit opt-in consent to obtain information from a doctor&#39;s office health portal  718 , and/or a variety of other information. 
     The content recommendation component  706  may utilize a model (e.g., model  616  of  FIG. 6 ) to evaluate the health goal  708  of gaining 10 lbs of muscle mass over the summer, the user information  710 , and a set of content items  712  (e.g., images, videos, links to websites, recommendations, text, etc.) to generate predictions for the content items of how likely each content item will be a causation factor of the user making progress towards the health goal  708  in response to the user being provided with each content item. For example, the model may output an increase in probability that the user will make progress towards the health goal  708  if provided with an Olympic recap video  704  than a probability that the user makes progress towards the health goal  708  without being provided with the Olympic recap video  704 . The increase in probability may relate to how strong of a causation factor the Olympic recap video  704  is towards inspiring/motivating the user to make progress towards the health goal  708 , which may be utilized as a ranking factor. In response to the Olympic recap video  704  having a predicted likelihood of being the causation factor above a threshold (e.g., a larger predicted likelihood/ranking factor than other content items), the content recommendation component  706  displays the Olympic recap video  704  through a social network feed of the social network profile being accessed by the user. 
     Progress of the user towards the health goal  708  in response to being provided with the Olympic recap video  704  may be tracked as feedback for further training the model and/or for subsequently selecting content items to provide to the user. For example, the content recommendation component  706  may obtain weight data from the smart scale  714  over a network, a daily step count of the user from the sports watch  716  over the network, muscle mass data accessible through the doctor&#39;s office health portal  718 , data input as user input  720  by the user, and/or other goal progress information over measurement feedback channels. In an example, parameters and/or statistical analysis performed by the model may be modified based upon whether the goal progress information indicates that the user did or did not make progress towards the health goal  708  after watching the Olympic recap video  704 . 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a system  800  for content item selection for goal achievement. A user may utilize a user device  802  (e.g., a mobile phone, a smart device, a laptop, a videogame console, a smart television, etc.) to access a media channel registered with a content recommendation component  806 . For example, the user may utilize the user device  802  to access a video streaming service. The content recommendation component  806  may receive a notification that the user is accessing the video streaming service. In an embodiment, the user may have previously register with the content recommendation component  806 . The user may have provided the content recommendation component  806  with an indication that the user is trying to save for a vacation as a financial goal  808 . The user may have provided the content recommendation component  806  with user information  810 , such as an income level, a current savings account balance, an age, explicit opt-in consent to obtain information about banks statements  814  of the user, explicit opt-in consent to obtain email data  816  from an email account of the user, explicit opt-in consent to obtain receipt data  818  of the user, and/or a variety of other information. 
     The content recommendation component  806  may utilize a model (e.g., model  616  of  FIG. 6 ) to evaluate the financial goal  808  of saving for a vacation, the user information  810 , and a set of content items  812  (e.g., images, videos, links to websites, recommendations, text, etc.) to generate predictions for the content items of how likely each content item will be a causation factor of the user making progress towards the financial goal  808  in response to the user being provided with each content item. For example, the model may output an increase in probability that the user will make progress towards the financial goal  808  if provided with a vacation documentary  804  than a probability that the user makes progress towards the financial goal  808  without being provided with the vacation documentary  804 . The increase in probability may relate to how strong of a causation factor the vacation documentary  804  is towards inspiring/motivating the user to make progress towards the financial goal  808 , which may be utilized as a ranking factor. In response to the vacation documentary  804  having a predicted likelihood of being the causation factor above a threshold (e.g., a larger predicted likelihood/ranking factor than other content items), the content recommendation component  806  displays the vacation documentary  804  through a video streaming service. 
     Progress of the user towards the financial goal  808  in response to being provided with the vacation documentary  804  may be tracked as feedback for further training the model and/or for subsequently selecting content items to provide to the user. For example, the content recommendation component  806  may obtain bank statements  814  (e.g., has the user increased an amount of money in a savings account), email data  816  (e.g., has the user received or sent emails regarding vacations, saving money, spending money, etc.), receipt data  818  (e.g., has the user cut back on spending), user input  820  by the user, and/or other goal progress information over measurement feedback channels. In an example, parameters and/or statistical analysis performed by the model may be modified based upon whether the goal progress information indicates that the user did or did not make progress towards the financial goal  808  after viewing the vacation documentary  804 . 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a system  900  for content item selection for goal achievement. A user may utilize a user device  902  (e.g., a mobile phone, a smart device, a laptop, a videogame console, a smart television, etc.) to access a media channel registered with a content recommendation component  906 . For example, the user may utilize the user device  902 , such as a videogame console, tablet, or other device, to access a videogame service. The content recommendation component  906  may receive a notification that the user is accessing the videogame service. In an embodiment, the user may have previously register with the content recommendation component  906 . The user (or a parent) may have provided the content recommendation component  906  with an indication that the user is trying to learn Spanish as an education goal  908 . The user (or the parent) may have provided the content recommendation component  906  with user information  910 , such as an age, a gender, access information to a learning language service that the parent of the user purchased for the user, school information, parent information, and/or a variety of other information. 
     The content recommendation component  906  may utilize a model (e.g., model  616  of  FIG. 6 ) to evaluate the educational goal  908  of learning Spanish, the user information  910 , and a set of content items  912  (e.g., images, videos, links to websites, recommendations, text, etc.) to generate predictions for the content items of how likely each content item will be a causation factor of the user making progress towards the education goal  908  in response to the user being provided with each content item. For example, the model may output an increase in probability that the user will make progress towards the education goal  908  if provided with a Spanish word matching game  904  to play than a probability that the user makes progress towards the education goal  908  without being provided with the Spanish word matching game  904 . The increase in probability may relate to how strong of a causation factor the Spanish word matching game  904  is towards inspiring/motivating the user to make progress towards the education goal  908 , which may be utilized as a ranking factor. In response to the Spanish word matching game  904  having a predicted likelihood of being the causation factor above a threshold (e.g., a larger predicted likelihood/ranking factor than other content items), the content recommendation component  906  displays the Spanish word matching game  904  through the videogame service. 
     Progress of the user towards the education goal  908  in response to being provided with the Spanish word matching game  904  may be tracked as feedback for further training the model and/or for subsequently selecting content items to provide to the user. For example, the content recommendation component  906  may obtain user input  914 , course progress by the user with the language learning service  916 , parent input  918 , and/or other goal progress information over measurement feedback channels. In an example, parameters and/or statistical analysis performed by the model may be modified based upon whether the goal progress information indicates that the user did or did not make progress towards the education goal  908  after playing the Spanish word matching game  904 . 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a system  1000  for content item selection for goal achievement. A user may utilize a user device  1002  (e.g., a mobile phone, a smart device, a laptop, a videogame console, a smart television, etc.) to access a media channel registered with a content recommendation component  1006 . For example, the user may utilize the user device  1002  to access a news website. The content recommendation component  1006  may receive a notification that the user is accessing the news website. In an embodiment, the user may have previously register with the content recommendation component  1006 . The user may have provided the content recommendation component  1006  with an indication that the user is trying to keep in better contact with a cousin as a relationship goal  1008 . The user may have provided the content recommendation component  1006  with user information  1010 , such as an age, a gender, family member information, location information, how to access email messages  1014  of the user, how to access a social network profile  1016  of the user, how to access phone call and message data  1018  of the user, and/or a variety of other information. 
     The content recommendation component  1006  may utilize a model (e.g., model  616  of  FIG. 6 ) to evaluate the relationship goal  1008  of keeping in better contact with the cousin, the user information  1010 , and a set of content items  1012  (e.g., images, videos, links to websites, recommendations, text, etc.) to generate predictions for the content items of how likely each content item will be a causation factor of the user making progress towards the relationship goal  1008  in response to the user being provided with each content item. For example, the model may output an increase in probability that the user will make progress towards the relationship goal  1008  if provided with a holiday family article  1004  to read than a probability that the user makes progress towards the relationship goal  1008  without being provided with the holiday family article  1004 . The increase in probability may relate to how strong of a causation factor the holiday family article  1004  is towards inspiring/motivating the user to make progress towards the relationship goal  1008 , which may be utilized as a ranking factor. In response to the holiday family article  1004  having a predicted likelihood of being the causation factor above a threshold (e.g., a larger predicted likelihood/ranking factor than other content items), the content recommendation component  1006  displays the holiday family article  1004  through the news website. 
     Progress of the user towards the relationship goal  1008  in response to being provided with the holiday family article  1004  may be tracked as feedback for further training the model and/or for subsequently selecting content items to provide to the user. For example, the content recommendation component  1006  may obtain the email messages  1014  (e.g., did the user email the cousin and at what frequency), the social network profile  1016  (e.g., did the user message or interact with the cousin through a social network), the phone call and message data  1018  (e.g., did the user call or message the cousin and at what frequency), user input  1020 , and/or other goal progress information over measurement feedback channels. In an example, parameters and/or statistical analysis performed by the model may be modified based upon whether the goal progress information indicates that the user did or did not make progress towards the relationship goal  1008  after reading the holiday family article  1004 . 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a system  1100  for content item selection for goal achievement. A user may utilize a user device  1102  (e.g., a mobile phone, a smart device, a laptop, a videogame console, a smart television, etc.) to access a media channel registered with a content recommendation component  1106 . For example, the user may utilize the user device  1102  to access a blogging service. The content recommendation component  1106  may receive a notification that the user is accessing the blogging service. In an embodiment, the user may have previously register with the content recommendation component  1106 . The user may have provided the content recommendation component  1106  with an indication that the user is trying to keep up with current fashion trends as a lifestyle goal  1108 . The user may have provided the content recommendation component  1106  with user information  1110 , such as an age, a gender, clothing size, shoe size, location information, how to access a social network profile  1114  of the user, how to access receipts  1116  of the user, how to access email data  1118  of the user, and/or a variety of other information. 
     The content recommendation component  1106  may utilize a model (e.g., model  616  of  FIG. 6 ) to evaluate the lifestyle goal  1108  of keeping up with current fashion trends, the user information  1110 , and a set of content items  1112  (e.g., images, videos, links to websites, recommendations, text, etc.) to generate predictions for the content items of how likely each content item will be a causation factor of the user making progress towards the lifestyle goal  1108  in response to the user being provided with each content item. For example, the model may output an increase in probability that the user will make progress towards the lifestyle goal  1108  if provided with a fashion blog  1104  to read than a probability that the user makes progress towards the lifestyle goal  1108  without being provided with the fashion blog  1104 . The increase in probability may relate to how strong of a causation factor the fashion blog  1104  is towards inspiring/motivating the user to make progress towards the lifestyle goal  1108 , which may be utilized as a ranking factor. In response to the fashion blog  1104  having a predicted likelihood of being the causation factor above a threshold (e.g., a larger predicted likelihood/ranking factor than other content items), the content recommendation component  1106  displays the fashion blog  1104  through the blogging service. 
     Progress of the user towards the lifestyle goal  1108  in response to being provided with the fashion blog  1104  may be tracked as feedback for further training the model and/or for subsequently selecting content items to provide to the user. For example, the content recommendation component  1106  may obtain social network data from the social network profile  1114 , the receipts  1116 , the email data  1118 , user input  1120 , and/or other goal progress information over measurement feedback channels (e.g., information as to whether the user is purchasing certain types of clothing, whether the user is reading fashion blogs, whether the user is engaging in social media conversations about fashion, etc.). In an example, parameters and/or statistical analysis performed by the model may be modified based upon whether the goal progress information indicates that the user did or did not make progress towards the lifestyle goal  1108  after reading the fashion blog  1104 . An activity related to the fashion blog  1104  and/or the lifestyle goal  1108  may be identified and subsequently provided to the user, such as a follow-up recommendation to purchase a shirt. 
       FIG. 12  is an illustration of a scenario  1200  involving an example non-transitory machine readable medium  1202 . The non-transitory machine readable medium  1202  may comprise processor-executable instructions  1212  that when executed by a processor  1216  cause performance (e.g., by the processor  1216 ) of at least some of the provisions herein. The non-transitory machine readable medium  1202  may comprise a memory semiconductor (e.g., a semiconductor utilizing static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), and/or synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) technologies), a platter of a hard disk drive, a flash memory device, or a magnetic or optical disc (such as a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (DVD), or floppy disk). The example non-transitory machine readable medium  1202  stores computer-readable data  1204  that, when subjected to reading  1206  by a reader  1210  of a device  1208  (e.g., a read head of a hard disk drive, or a read operation invoked on a solid-state storage device), express the processor-executable instructions  1212 . In some embodiments, the processor-executable instructions  1212 , when executed cause performance of operations, such as at least some of the example method  400  of  FIG. 4 , for example. In some embodiments, the processor-executable instructions  1212  are configured to cause implementation of a system, such as at least some of the example system  500  of  FIG. 5 , at least some of the example system  600  of  FIG. 6 , at least some of the example system  700  of  FIG. 7 , at least some of the example system  800  of  FIG. 8 , at least some of the example system  900  of  FIG. 9 , at least some of the example system  1000  of  FIG. 10 , and/or at least some of the example system  1100  of  FIG. 11 , for example. 
     3. Usage of Terms 
     As used in this application, “component,” “module,” “system”, “interface”, and/or the like are generally intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a controller and the controller can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. 
     Unless specified otherwise, “first,” “second,” and/or the like are not intended to imply a temporal aspect, a spatial aspect, an ordering, etc. Rather, such terms are merely used as identifiers, names, etc. for features, elements, items, etc. For example, a first object and a second object generally correspond to object A and object B or two different or two identical objects or the same object. 
     Moreover, “example” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, illustration, etc., and not necessarily as advantageous. As used herein, “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. In addition, “a” and “an” as used in this application are generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. Also, at least one of A and B and/or the like generally means A or B or both A and B. Furthermore, to the extent that “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, and/or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising”. 
     Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing at least some of the claims. 
     Furthermore, the claimed subject matter may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. Of course, many modifications may be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the claimed subject matter. 
     Various operations of embodiments are provided herein. In an embodiment, one or more of the operations described may constitute computer readable instructions stored on one or more computer readable media, which if executed by a computing device, will cause the computing device to perform the operations described. The order in which some or all of the operations are described should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. Alternative ordering will be appreciated by one skilled in the art having the benefit of this description. Further, it will be understood that not all operations are necessarily present in each embodiment provided herein. Also, it will be understood that not all operations are necessary in some embodiments. 
     Also, although the disclosure has been shown and described with respect to one or more implementations, equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art based upon a reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. The disclosure includes all such modifications and alterations and is limited only by the scope of the following claims. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components (e.g., elements, resources, etc.), the terms used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure. In addition, while a particular feature of the disclosure may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.