Patent Publication Number: US-3874385-A

Title: Laminated diaper topsheet to provide disposability of solid wastes

Description:
United States Patent [191 Gellert Apr. 1, 1975 LAMINATED DIAPER TOPSHEET TO PROVIDE DISPOSABILITY OF SOLID WASTES [75] Inventor: Dale Albert Gellert, Aurora, Ind,  
 [73] Assignee: The Procter &amp; Gamble Company, Cincinnati,.Ohio  
 [22] Filed: Sept. 17, 1973 [21] App]. N0.: 397,530  
 [52] US. Cl. 128/287 [51] Int. Cl. A6lf 13/16 [58] Field of Search 128/287, 284, 286, 290 B,  
 3,367,334 2/1968 Testa 128/290 R 3,400,717 9/1968 Cubitt et a] 128/284 3,630,201 12/1971 Endres 128/287 3,636,952 1/1972 George 128/287 3,667,466 6/1972 Ral 128/287 3,794,038 2/1974 Buell 128/287 Primary Examiner-Richard A. Gaudet Assistant Examiner--J. C. McGowan Attorney, Agent, or Firm-E. Kelly Linman; Fredrick H. Braun; John V. Gorman 57 ABSTRACT A disposable diaper is provided with a laminated topsheet for covering of theabsorbent pad and contacting the infant. Bydelamination and removal of the outer portion of the topsheet, it and the solid waste thereon may be disposed of separately from the remainder of the diaper, particularly the bulky portion which absorbs the water-like liquid wastes.  
 2 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures t /7// 7 7/ tg/Mag /4//4//if LAMINATED DIAPER TOPSHEET TO PROVIDE This invention relates to a liquid-pervious topsheet for disposable diapers and more particularly relates to such a topsheet which is laminated and can be delaminated for convenient disposal of fecal material deposited thereon.  
  In the past decade, improvements in disposable diapers have revolutionized the diapering of infants. As the term disposable implies, these diapers are designed to be discarded after a single use. Disposable diapers generally consist of an absorbent pad, a padcovering topsheet which contacts the infant, and a liquid-impervious backsheet for containing the liquid wastes within the absorbent pad. Not all disposable diapers include all of these features; for example, some disposable diapers contain no backsheet and are used in conjunction with a separate pair of liquid-impervious pants.  
  A variety of pad-like inserts for use with specially designed pants or for application within a conventional cloth diaper have also been used, typical ones of which are described in US. Pat. No. 2,450,059 which issued Sept. 28, 1948, to F. K. Rickerson and US. Pat. No. 2,002,368, which issued May 21, 1935, to C. L. Fancher. Also, separate loose paper-like liners have been used in the past with cloth diapers.  
  While going part of the way to solving the disposal problems, the prior art does not address itself to the problems raised in disposing of a single use diaper which is fecally soiled. Although many disposable diapers have an absorbent pad assembly, typically comprising an absorbent pad and a pad-covering bodycontacting topsheet, which is suited for disposal by flushing in a water closet, this manner of disposal of the absorbent pad assembly has some significant draw backs. Generally, the absorbent pad assembly is held in the flowing stream of water resulting from flushing the water closet so that the pad is gradually torn apart by the flowing water. The inconvenience of holding the diaper as it is being flushed away discourages many users from disposing of the absorbent pad assembly by flushing it down the water closet.  
  The alternatives to flushing the absorbent pad assembly also have major drawbacks. If the absorbent pad assembly is fecally soiled, disposal of it in the garbage is both unpleasant and potentially unsanitary. Therefore,  
 one concerned with the undesirable aspects of disposing of a fecally soiled diaper in the garbage must first scrape or rinse the soil into the toilet and then dispose of the pad assembly in the garbage. In copending US. Pat. application Ser. No. 313,079, Gellert, filed Dec. 7, 1972 and assigned to the assignee of the present application, one solution to the problems posed above is provided. This solution, simply stated, involves the provision of a topsheet for a diaper or the like which is or which has a portion which is smaller than the absorbent pad and is separable therefrom.  
 OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is an object of this invention to provide an alternative solution to that of the aforementioned patent application to reduce the inconvenience associated with the disposal of single-use diapers which are fecally soiled.  
  It is a further object of this invention to provide for the separate disposal of solid wastes from diapers without the inconvenience of having to manipulate a loose liner to accomplish this end.  
  It is still a further object of this invention to allow separate disposal of the solid waste from a diaper together with a minimum amount of topsheet material and without the bulky absorbent pad.  
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To accomplish these objects, a disposable diaper is provided with a topsheet which is laminated and which can be delaminated to facilitate fecal disposal. Upon delamination, the separated portion of the topsheet together with the solid waste on it may be disposed of separately from the remainder of the diaper.  
 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed that the invention will be better understood by reference to the following explanation and accompanying drawings in which:  
  FIG. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of a diaper of the present invention;  
  FIG. 2 is a vertical cross sectional view of the diaper of FIG. 1 taken at line 2-2;  
  FIG. 3 is an elevational view of a diaper of the present invention showing delamination for disposal; and  
  FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view ofa preferred delamination initiation means.  
 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the diapers of the present invention. Although the present invention can be used in conjunction with many of the disposable diaper structures known in the art, a preferred diaper is that of US. Pat. No. Re. 26,151, Duncan and Baker issued Jan. 31, 1967 and incorporated herein by reference.  
  With reference to both FIGS. 1 and 2, a typical diaper of the present invention includes a water impervious backsheet 11, a side flap portion 12 of which wraps about the lateral edges of the diaper and, in use, forms a seal about the wearers legs.  
  An absorbent material 13 such as multiple plies of creped tissue or comminuted wood pulp provide a urine absorbing core for the diaper. Comminuted wood pulp is preferred for material 113. Bacause of the low strength of such material, an envelope 14 of paper or other absorbent material with at least moderate wet strength preferably surrounds the absorbent core 13. The absorbent material 13 preferably extends lengthwise of the diaper only to lines 13&#39; and, in use, the portion of the backsheet 11 which extends therebeyond is folded thereover to provide a double thickness backsheet enclosed waistband for the diaper.  
  A topsheet 15 of generally hydrophobic material which will allow water to pass overlies and is typically attached to the absorbent core 13 (or the envelope l4 therefor) and serves to keep urine out of contact with the wearer of the diaper. The essence of the present invention is the provision of a diaper having a delaminatable topsheet 15. Such a topsheet 15 can be formed in a variety of ways as will herein-after be more fully described. With the provision of such a topsheet 15, a fecally soiled diaper can be readily separated to facilitate safe convenient disposal of its parts. Typically, the topsheet extends lengthwise of the diaper to fully cover the backsheet 11.  
  Typically, a fecally soiled diaper of the present invention will be held above the water closet and the topsheet 15 will be delaminated to allow disposal of the fecal soil in the water closet and the remainder of the diaper in the garbage. The outer portion of the topsheet, which is separated together with the fecal waste, can be rinsed in the water closet and disposed of with the remainder of the diaper or can be deposited in the water closet with the fecal soil. The reduced bulk of the fecally soiled portion of the topsheet 15, which is only about half the bulk of the entire topsheet l5, minimizes the concerns associated with flushing part or all of the non-plastic portion of a disposable diaper in the water closet.  
  In addition, the provision of a laminated topsheet 15 allows the optimum design of each of the laminate layers for its particular function. For example, the upper (wearer contacting) portion of the topsheet 15 need only be strong enough to support the solid waste and its own weight during separation and disposal. Consequently, a relatively weak top portion of the topsheet 15 can be used while the lower portion can provide most of the strength required from the topsheet. In this connection, it should be noted that the topsheet 15 provides a good deal of the overall strength of the diaper when using a weak comminuted wood pulp absorbent material 13 and pins to secure the diaper about the wearer; the pins provide a point load which the backsheet 11, alone, is ill equipped to withstand. Thus, it is particularly advantageous to build the requisite topsheet-strength into the lower portion of the topsheet 15 since this portion is not disposed of in the water closet. Other variations wherein the topsheet 15 is preferably formed of layers having different properties will occur to those skilled in the art.  
  In order to allow ready delamination of the topsheet l5, access to a corner or edge thereof is required. In the simple embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 access to an edge of the topsheet 15 is readily available, allowing ready delamination. If the edge of topsheet 15 is attached to the remainder of the diaper, the corner of the diaper and the edge of the upper portion of the topsheet 15 are grasped to delaminate the topsheet 15. If the topsheet 15 is attached only by the central portion to the remainder of the diaper, delamination of the topsheet 15 will typically be accomplished by grasping both halves thereof and peeling the upper portion from the lower. FIG. 3 generally illustrates such delamination in a diaper having a delamination initiation means.  
  The delaminatable topsheet 15 can be made in a variety of ways as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. For example, a process generally like that described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,663,348, which issued to Liloia et al. on May 16, 1972 and which is hereby incorporated herein by reference, is preferably used. Briefly, such a process involves the forming of a first fibrous layer and the laying of a second fibrous layer thereover. Of course, the intralayer bonding must be stronger than the interlayer bonding to allow delamination. The interlayer bonding can be due to interfiber bonding resulting from the nature of the fibers and the forming process or can be due to the use of a separate adhesive. An especially preferred adhesive to join the two layers of the topsheet is one which is urine soluble such as poly(vinyl alcohol), thus providing a diaper which delaminates in use.  
  In an alternative embodiment two sheets can be separately formed andlightly adhered (continuously or discontinuously) together. Whether the sheets are formed one on the other or preformed and then assembled, the two layers of the topsheet can be the same or different and, as mentioned, in an especially preferred embodiment the top layer is relatively weak while the lower layer is relatively strong.  
  Preferably, means are provided to facilitate the initiation of delamination of the topsheet 15. One such means comprises a tab 16, as shown in FIG. 3, affixed by any suitable means such as an adhesive to the removable portion of the topsheet 15. The tab 16 can be of any material having sufficient strength and, preferably, flexibility. Woven materials such as cloth or nonwoven (paper-like) materials with wet strength are preferably used for the tab 16. In order to make the tab 16 readily identifiable it can be made of colored material to stand out on the generally white background of the diaper.  
  The tab 16 can be affixed to the underside of the removable portion of the topsheet 15 as shown in FIG. 3  
 or to the top thereof. Preferably, the tab 16 extends&#39; about 1 inch beyond the lateral or longitudinal edge of the topsheet 15. Although less preferred, the tab 16 can be limited in size so as to extend only to the edges of the topsheet 15. In this event, the main benefit from the tab 16 is the identification of the corner of the topsheet to encourage the delamination thereof upon disposal and to add rigidity to the upper portion of the topsheet 15 at the corner to facilitate delamination.  
  A particularly preferred delamination initiation means for use with the present invention is that shown in copending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 298,142, Buell, filed Oct. 16, 1972 and now U.S. Pat. No. 3,794,038 which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Such a delamination initiation means is shown in vertical cross-section in FIG. 4 and consists of a modified portion of the release liner associated with an integral tape fastener for the diaper.  
  The portion of the diaper shown in FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-section of the lateral edge taken transversely of the diaper near the end thereof. The portions of the diaper of FIG. 4 which correspond to the diaper portions of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are similarly numbered but with the suffix a. Tape 17 shown in FIG. 4 is one of a pair of such tapes located one on either edge of the diaper and used to secure the diaper about the wearer. Joinder of the tape to the diaper is effected by any suitable adhesive known in the art.  
  A blocking sheet 18 is preferably employed to avoid adhesion between the tape 17 and the edge and a portion of the top of the side flap 12. Alternatively, although less conveniently in practice, a tape 17 can be provided which does not have adhesive in the region of desired non-attachment. The blocking sheet 18 can be of any suitable material, preferably relatively thin plastic sheeting or paper.  
  As is well known in the art, the portion of the tape 17 which is adhered to the diaper only in use (i.e., the portion above the blocking sheet 18 as shown in FIG. 4) is provided with a release liner to avoid premature adherence thereof to the diaper. Such a release liner is typically paper treated with a silicon compound which allows ready separation of the liner from the tape. In  
  the embodiment of FIG. 4 the release liner 19 is secured by adhesive 20 to the topsheet a and thus provides a delamination initiation means to allow ready separation of the two halves thereof.  
  A tab 21 of plastic sheeting or the like preferably underlies the release liner 19 and is affixed thereto by the intervening layer of adhesive 20. Such a tab serves, in practice, to simplify the construction and assembly of the tape and release liner combination and also aids in calling the users attention to the free part of the release liner 19 and its use to delaminate the topsheet 15a for disposal. For simplicity of construction, the blocking sheet 18 will typically be of the same material as either the release liner 19 or the tab 21, allowing the formation of the entire tape, release liner, tab and blocking sheet from three rolls of material.  
  As with the other configurations, disposal of the diaper partially illustrated in FIG. 4 involves delaminating the topsheet 15a and disposing of the same together with any fecal soil thereon in the water closet. Again, the remainder of the diaper is readily disposed of in the garbage.  
 Many other variations of the present invention involving different types of delaminatable topsheets and delamination initiating means will occur to those skilled in the art in view of the above exemplary embodiments.  
 What is claimed is:  
  1. In a disposable diaper of the type comprising a water-impervious backsheet, an absorbent core superimposed on said backsheet, a generally hydrophobic topsheet overlying and enclosing said absorbent core, and a pair of tape fasteners for securing said diaper in an operative position about the wearers waist, the improvement wherein said topsheet comprises two layers and wherein the inter-layer bonding between said topsheet layers is less strong than the intra-layer bonding between said topsheet and the remainder of said diaper, said diaper including a topsheet delamination initiation means comprising a release liner for at least one of said tape fasteners whereby said topsheet can be delaminated to allow separate disposal of the layers thereof.  
 2. The disposable diaper of claim 1 wherein said release liner comprises a tab affixed to said topsheet.  
 UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. 2 3,874,385  
 DATED 1 April 1 1975 |N\/ ENTOR( I DALE ALBERT GELLERT 7 it is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below: Q  
 Column 4, line 56, after &#34;12&#34; insert the suffix a Signed and Scaled this Twenty-fifth D3) of January 1977 [SEAL] Arrest:  
 RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN Arresting Officer Commissioner uj&#39;Parenrs and Trademarks