Patent Publication Number: US-2023149240-A1

Title: Headset system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/281,938, filed Feb. 21, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/853,433, filed Dec. 22, 2017, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/467,782, filed Mar. 6, 2017, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     For devices utilizing a headset for which performance is optimized by remaining stable with respect to a user&#39;s head (e.g., optical devices, virtual reality headsets, surgical devices, ultrasound devices, imaging devices, automated Transcranial Doppler devices, and so on), many are designed to have the subject sit vertically during operation. With respect to medical devices that are headsets (e.g., devices for monitoring neurological activity), after many head traumas or in response to neurological conditions, a patient may often not be able to sit or stand and may be laying down, or may even be unconscious (e.g., during an emergency situation). Accordingly, headsets designed for subjects sitting or standing vertically may not sit or operate correctly. Furthermore, traditional robotic or manual headset devices designed to be worn by the subject may weigh several pounds and therefore strain the neck muscles or head structure of the subject. 
     SUMMARY 
     Various embodiments relate to systems and methods for providing a headset, which allows a patient&#39;s head to be held while also providing a mount for a manual or robotic headset such that the headset can operate while the patient is laying down (e.g., in a supine position) or reclined. Accordingly, the weight of the headset system is substantially or completely supported by the surface upon which the headset is placed, rather than supported by the subject. In addition, according to various embodiments, the headset does not need to be secured to the subject&#39;s head, but rather to the surface upon which the headset rests, resulting in greater comfort and less anxiety for the subject. 
     In some arrangements, a headset system includes a headset configured to lay on top of a surface and to support a head of a subject when the subject is in a supine position or a reclined position, at least one probe adjustment mechanism, and a probe coupled to the at least one probe adjustment mechanism and configured to emit acoustic energy. 
     In some arrangements, the headset includes a head cradle configured to receive and retain the head of the subject. 
     In some arrangements, the headset includes a baseplate extending laterally from the headset, and the at least one probe adjustment mechanism and the probe are contained within a robotic pod supported by the baseplate. 
     In some arrangements, the robotic pod extends substantially perpendicular from the baseplate. 
     In some arrangements, the headset and the robotic pod are configured to be entirely supported by the surface. 
     In some arrangements, the baseplate has a plurality of slots at different locations along a length of the baseplate, each of the plurality of slots configured to retain the robotic pod such that a location of the robotic pod is adjustable along the baseplate. 
     In some arrangements, the head cradle includes a plurality of side restraints opposite to each other and configured to restrict lateral movement of the head of the subject. 
     In some arrangements, each of the plurality of side restraints has a leading edge having a ramped surface configured to allow the headset to slide underneath the head of the subject when the subject is in the supine position or the reclined position. 
     In some arrangements, the head cradle includes a center restraint configured to contact the forehead of the subject. 
     In some arrangements, the center restraint is configured to pivot about a hinge to adjustably engage and disengage a forehead of the subject. 
     In some arrangements, the headset is made from non-metal materials and is configured to be positioned in an imaging tool. 
     In some arrangements, the imaging tool includes a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner or computed tomography (CT) scanner. 
     In some arrangements, the headset system further includes at least one strap attached to the headset, wherein the at least one strap is configured to anchor the headset system to the surface. 
     In some arrangements, the surface is defined by a bed or a gurney. 
     In some arrangements, the headset is configured to contact a back of the head and a back of a neck of the subject. 
     In some arrangements, the probe is located proximate or in contact with a temporal window of the head of the subject. 
     In some arrangements, the probe includes an ultrasound probe configured to emit ultrasound energy. 
     In some arrangements, the at least one probe adjustment mechanism includes robotics for automatically controlling positioning of the probe against a temporal window of the subject. 
     In some arrangements, the probe adjustment mechanism includes a manual mechanism for manually controlling positioning of the probe against a temporal window of the subject. 
     In some arrangements, a method of manufacturing a headset system, the method includes providing a headset configured to lay on top of a surface and to support a head of a subject when the subject is in a supine position or a reclined position, providing at least one probe adjustment mechanism, and coupling a probe to the at least one probe adjustment mechanism, the probe configured to emit acoustic energy. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       Features and aspects will become apparent from the following description and the accompanying example embodiments shown in the drawings, which are briefly described below. 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a perspective view of a headset according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a perspective view of a headset encasing a patient&#39;s head according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a perspective view of a headset encasing a patient&#39;s head and a robotic pod according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a perspective view of a headset encasing a patient&#39;s head and including a plurality of robotic pods according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a perspective view of a headset connected to a portable workstation according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 A  illustrates an elevation view of a headset encasing a patient&#39;s head in a reclined position according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 B  illustrates an enlarged view of the headset encasing the patient&#39;s head as shown in  FIG.  6 A  according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 C  illustrates an elevation view of a headset encasing a patient&#39;s head in a horizontal position according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 D  illustrates an enlarged view of the headset encasing the patient&#39;s head as shown in  FIG.  6 C  according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  7 A  illustrates a perspective view of a headset according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  7 B  illustrates a side view of the headset shown in  FIG.  7 A  according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates a perspective view of a headset encasing a patient&#39;s head according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  9    illustrates a perspective view of a headset including robotic scanners encasing a patient&#39;s head according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  10    illustrates a perspective view of a headset including adjustable robotic scanners encasing a patient&#39;s head according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  11    illustrates a perspective view of a headset connected to a portable workstation according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  12 A  illustrates an elevation view of a headset encasing a patient&#39;s head in a reclined position according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  12 B  illustrates an enlarged view of the headset encasing the patient&#39;s head in the reclined position as shown in  FIG.  12 A  according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  12 C  illustrates an elevation view of a headset encasing a patient&#39;s head in a horizontal position according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  12 D  illustrates an enlarged view of the headset encasing the patient&#39;s head in the horizontal position as shown in  FIG.  12 C  according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  13    illustrates a perspective view of a headset including a plurality of straps according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  14    illustrates a perspective view of a headset according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  15    illustrates a perspective view of a headset including robotic pods according to various embodiments. 
         FIG.  16    illustrates a perspective view of a headset including robotic pods according to various embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts. 
     In the following description of various arrangements, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific arrangements that may be practiced. It is to be understood that other arrangements may be utilized, and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the various arrangements disclosed in the present disclosure. 
     After many head traumas or in response to neurological conditions (e.g., stroke), a patient may often not be able to sit or stand and may be laying down, or may even be unconscious (e.g., during an emergency situation). For example, stroke patients may typically be aphasic or agitated. Accordingly, in some arrangements, a headset including a platform (e.g., a baseplate) allows a patient to lay down while the headset is operational (e.g., in the supine or reclined position). Furthermore, in some arrangements, a supine headset restrains a patient&#39;s head while increasing the patient&#39;s comfortability (e.g., such that the headset minimizes claustrophobic sensations). Comparing to the traditional headsets designed to be worn by the patient when the patient is standing or sitting, some arrangements described herein reduce the stress and strain on the patient&#39;s body, particularly in the head and neck region, by allowing the patient to lay down when the headset is being operated such that the headset is substantially supported by a surface on which the headset rests. In addition, according to some arrangements, headsets do not include a strap or restraint that goes around the head (e.g., around a portion of or the entire circumference of the head) for anchoring a device (e.g., a TCD device) thereto, as the strap or restraint can be uncomfortable and/or induce anxiety for a patient. Accordingly, patient experience with respect to arrangements of the headsets as disclosed herein can be drastically improved. 
     In addition, arrangements described herein further promote accuracy with respect to aligning the patient to the headset. Given that the head (e.g., the temporal window region) may be the focus for testing by the headset, a headset designed to be worn by the patient when the patient is either standing or sitting can be difficult to align to the patient&#39;s head because only the feet or the backside of the patient is grounded, leaving the rest of the patient&#39;s body prone to swaying or other movement. Even when such a headset has been initially aligned, the headset is likely to become misaligned during the operation because some parts of the patient&#39;s body, such as, but not limited to, the torso, the neck, and the waist naturally sway or otherwise move, and do not remain perfectly still. The misalignment can be further exacerbated by the discomfort (e.g., the stress to the patient&#39;s body) of the conventional headsets due to the fact that such discomfort irritates the patient, causing him or her to move. On the other hand, the arrangements disclosed herein allow the patient to wear the headset while the patient is lying on a substantially flat surface (e.g., a bed, a gurney, and the like), such that all parts of the patient&#39;s body are on an immobile surface and/or on the platform/baseplate of the system. Accordingly, swaying or other movement of the patient&#39;s body is reduced or eliminated, or the movement of the patient has a reduced effect on the headset itself (e.g., because the patient&#39;s body does not support the headset). As further disclosed herein, the platform/baseplate can also have support structures structurally configured to hold the patient&#39;s body in place while the patient is laying on the surface. The precision of the tests can therefore be improved. 
     Some arrangements disclosed herein relate to a system that combines one or more robotic pods (e.g., ultrasound pods) with a headset configured to lay on a surface while supporting a head of a patient who is in a supine or reclined position. In some arrangements, at least a part (e.g., a connecting portion that connects the rest of the robotic pods with the headset) of the robotic pods and the headset are made from a unitary structure or material. In other arrangements, at least a part (e.g., the connecting portion) of the robotic pods is operatively coupled to the headset (e.g., a baseplate) via screws, clamps, Velcro®, hinges, joints, slots, clips, buckles, or other suitable fastening mechanisms. The headset or the baseplate may be detachable from the rest of the system (e.g., from the robotic pods) in some arrangements. 
     Given the baseplate&#39;s flat shape, the device and/or the baseplate itself can be easily stored, transported, assembled, and disassembled. As the baseplate may provide the structural support of the patient&#39;s head and the rest of the system for operation, a care provider can easily set up the test due to the lightweight, flat nature of the baseplate. For example, an operator can simply lay a subject&#39;s head into the arrangements described herein and begin operation of the system, as opposed to conventional designs in which an operator fits, secures, adjusts, and aligns a headset to a patient, which can be difficult to accomplish and result in longer time frames of health care administration and frustration to the operator and the patient. 
     Accordingly, arrangements described herein allow the system to be operated in various places or under various circumstances that were previously unimaginable. For example, a headset including a platform/baseplate can be placed in a magnetic resonance imaging (Mill) scanner so that the patient need not be moved from the platform/baseplate. For example, the platform/baseplate and a head cradle configured to receive the patient&#39;s head can be made from a plastic or other non-metal material that does not interfere with the MRI scanner operation, and the manual or robotic pods (e.g., which may contain materials that interfere with the MM scanner operation) that are coupled to the platform/baseplate can be removed therefrom so that the patient can easily be transported to the MM scanner without movement of the patient&#39;s head from the platform/baseplate. In some arrangements, a headset allows a view of the patient&#39;s face so that testing can be administered while the patient is on the platform, such as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) test. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a perspective view of a headset (e.g., a supine headset or headset configured to be used on a patient in a reclined position)  100  according to various arrangements. In some arrangements, the supine headset  100  provides a passive restraint for the head  110  of a patient that physically and physiologically allows minimal movement of the head  110 . In some arrangements, the supine headset  100  includes a baseplate  120 , as well as a left-side restraint  130  and a right-side restraint  140  attached to the baseplate  120 . The baseplate  120  is designed to lay flat on a bed (e.g., gurney) or flat ground so that the patient may lie in a horizontal or reclined position. In some arrangements, a center restraint  150  is also included. When a patient lies with his or her head  110  on the baseplate  120 , and the left-side restraint  130  and the right-side restraint  140  are in place, the patient&#39;s head  110  will be stabilized and restrained from twisting or lateral movements. The supine headset  100  provides a passive head restraint or cradle that opens up and allows the platform to be slid under the patient for limiting movement of the head  110  or neck. 
     In some arrangements, the maximum thickness of the baseplate  120  in the area slid under the patient is in a range from approximately ⅝ inches to approximately ¾ inches so that it can easily be slid under but also limits lifting of the head  110  when the subject is positioned. The material of the baseplate  120  can be rigid, such as, but not limited to, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), nylon, steel, aluminum, composite, and the like or can be semi-flexible, such as, but not limited to, rubber. In some arrangements, the width of the baseplate  120  is no larger than about 24 inches so as to be compatible with a standard gurney width. In some arrangements, the entire supine headset  100  is designed to be easily sterilized by, for example, bleaching, autoclaving, boiling, or other suitable sterilizing technique. In some arrangements, the supine headset  100  is foldable for space-saving considerations. In some arrangements, the supine headset  100  (e.g., as shown in  FIG.  1   ) does not include metal so that it can be placed in a computed tomography (CT) or MRI scanner without removal (e.g., so that the patient can be transferred in the passive restraint from the time emergency medical services are provided all the way through the imaging process). 
     In some arrangements, some or all of the supine headset  100  (e.g., the baseplate  120 ) is made from any suitable rigid material, such as, but not limited to, hard plastic, metals, aluminum, steel, titanium, magnesium, various alloys, rigid plastics, composites, carbon fiber, fiber glass, expanded foam, compression molded foam, stereolithography (SLA) or Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)-made materials, Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) molding, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), thermoplastic olefin (TPO), nylon, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), fiber reinforced resins, or the like. 
     The supine headset  100  allows for quick mounting, release and adjustment of medical devices such as Transcranial Doppler (TCD) robots at the left-side restraint  130  and the right-side restraint  140 . In some arrangements, the supine headset  100  is attached to gurneys, chairs or hospital beds using attachment features such as, but not limited to, anchor holes, a series of slots, mechanical clips, side release buckles, or any other suitable fastening mechanism. In some arrangements, the supine headset  100  is designed to accommodate the use of a cervical collar or any other immobilization device. 
     In some arrangements, the left-side restraint  130 , the right-side restraint  140  and the baseplate  120  define a head cradle upon which the head  110  of the subject rests. The head cradle is configured to receive, retain, and restrain the head  110 . In some arrangements, the head cradle is configured to retain the back of the head  110  and the back of the neck of the subject for added comfort and stability. In addition, in some arrangements, the head cradle promotes stability by not only providing a seating area that limits head roll due to its shape, but can also clamp the head  110 . For example, the left-side restraint  130  and the right-side restraint  140  exert an inward force towards the center of the baseplate  120  such that the head  110  is clamped between the left-side restraint  130  and the right-side restraint  140 . In some arrangements, the clamping force of the left-side restraint  130  and the right-side restraint  140  is configured to be strong enough to retain the head  110  therebetween, but gentle enough to maintain comfort of the subject. 
     Accordingly, in some arrangements, the supine headset  100  is configured to retain and support the head  110  of the subject while the supine headset  100  is being supported by the surface on which the supine headset  100  rests, rather than being supported by the subject. Such configurations confer various characteristics, including, but not limited to, further comfort and stability to the subject and ease of use by an operator of the supine headset  100 . In other words, in some arrangements, the weight of the supine headset  100  is supported (e.g., partially, substantially, or completely) by the surface on which the supine headset  100  rests. In some examples, the supine headset  100  and at least one manual or robotic pod are configured to be at least partially or entirely supported by the surface. 
     In some arrangements, the side restraints  130 ,  140  include padding for providing comfort to the head  110 . In some arrangements, the padding is made from any suitable soft material, such as, but not limited to, closed cell foam, open cell foam, self-skinning open or closed cell foams, cast, aerated, or extruded silicone or urethane, polyurethane gels that are configured to distribute pressure efficiently, or the like. In some arrangements, the padding of the side restraints  130 ,  140  has any suitable firmness for supporting the head  110 , such as, but not limited to, in a range of about 0.1 pound per square inch (psi) to about 60 psi (e.g., in a range of about 0.1 psi to about 10 psi) or within other suitable ranges of firmness. 
     In some arrangements, the padding of the side restraints  130 ,  140  has memory for expanding to fit contours of the head  110 . In some arrangements, the padding (e.g., foam) of the side restraints  130 ,  140  is compressed and expands after the head  110  is placed in the supine headset  100  so that the padding expands to secure the headset  100 . In some arrangements, the side restraints  130 ,  140  including the padding is manufactured by any suitable process for affixing the padding within the headset  100 , such as, but not limited to, injection molding, laminating, adhesive mounting (e.g., gluing or bonding), co-molding, co-casting, injection, snapping, by Velcro fastening, by hook and loop fastening, friction fitting, attaching with barbs, using screw bosses, or the like. 
     In other arrangements, the padding of the side restraints  130 ,  140  includes an inflatable bladder. In some arrangements, the bladder is a hollow void that is filled manually or with a pump. In such arrangements, the inflatable bladder is self-inflating with an internal structure that has a memory and that expands within the bladder to inflate to at least 90% capacity. In further arrangements, inflation is assisted with an integrated pump or an external filling or pumping source. In some arrangements, the inflatable bladder is filled with air, gas, liquid, or any other suitable element for affixing or securing the inflatable padding of the headset  100  to the subject&#39;s head  110 . In other arrangements, the bladder is filled with plastic beads or pellets. In particular arrangements, the bladder that is filled with plastic beads or pellets becomes rigid, so as to capture the patient&#39;s head  110 , when a vacuum is applied to the bladder. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a perspective view of the supine headset  100  encasing the patient&#39;s head  110  according to various arrangements. Referring to  FIG.  2   , in some arrangements, the supine headset  100  is slid under the head  110  of the patient. The center restraint  150 , left-side restraint  130 , and right-side restraint  140  are secured around the head  110  to render the head  110  relatively immobile such that the patient&#39;s head  110  remains sufficiently restrained. In some arrangements, a left-side leading edge  160  of the left-side restraint  130  and a right-side leading edge  170  of the right-side restraint  140  are made of a semi-flexible or polished rigid surface. In some arrangements, the left-side leading edge  160  and the right-side leading edge  170  are designed to be slid under the head  110  of a patient and are a maximum of approximately 0.1 inches thick to create a ramped surface to aid in sliding the supine headset  100  under the head  110  when the subject is in the supine or the reclined position. 
     In some arrangements, the center restraint  150  is configured to pivot about a hinge so as to toggle between restraining/engaging the head  110  and disengaging/separating from the forehead. In some arrangements, the head  110  is laid within the head cradle and the center restraint  150  is secured to the forehead of the head  110  to make firm contact therewith. In some arrangements, the center restraint  150  includes a padding that makes contact with the head  110 , and the padding is made from any suitable soft material, such as, but not limited to, closed cell foam, open cell foam, self-skinning open or closed cell foams, cast, aerated, or extruded silicone or urethane, polyurethane gels that are configured to distribute pressure efficiently, or the like. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a perspective view of the supine headset  100  encasing the patient&#39;s head  110  and a robotic pod  174  according to various arrangements. Referring to  FIG.  3   , in some arrangements, the supine headset  100  includes the baseplate  120  having a plurality of slots  172  into which the robotic pod  174  (e.g., a robotic pod including an ultrasound device, such as, but not limited to, a TCD device) can be placed. In some arrangements, the robotic pod  174  is secured or fastened to the railway of slots  172  and slid along the railway such that the robotic pod  174  is proximate the head  110 . In some arrangements, the robotic pod  174  is adjustably locked along the railway. For example, the robotic pod  174  can latch onto any given one of the slots  172  to lock into place, thereby providing adjustability of the robotic pod  174  with respect to the distance from the head  110 , and thereby allowing the supine headset  100  to accommodate different sizes and shapes of subject heads. In some arrangements, the plurality of slots  172  are located along a lengthwise dimension of the baseplate  120 , where the lengthwise dimension is greater than a widthwise dimension of the baseplate  120 . 
     In some arrangements, the robotic pod  174  extends upwards from the baseplate  120 . For example, the baseplate  120  extends outward and substantially perpendicular (e.g., in a first direction) from the length of the head cradle or head  110  of the subject (e.g., extending in a second direction), and the robotic pod  174  extends substantially perpendicular from the baseplate  120  (e.g., in a third direction). The baseplate  120  extends laterally from the head cradle or head  110 . In some arrangements, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are different directions or axes from each other. In some arrangements, because the robotic pod  174  is attached on top of the baseplate  120  of the supine headset  100 , the weight of the robotic pod  174  is also substantially or completely supported by the surface on which the supine headset  100  is placed, rather than being supported by the subject. 
     In some arrangements, the robotic pod  174  includes a device, such as, but not limited to, an ultrasound device (e.g., a TCD device). The device (e.g., ultrasound device) includes a probe (e.g., ultrasound probe) and robotics (e.g., a probe adjustment mechanism) for controlling the probe. In some arrangements, the device and probe are configured to emit energy waves (e.g., acoustic energy), such as, but not limited to, ultrasound, infrared, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), x-rays, and the like. In other arrangements, the probe includes other devices that are translated along the patient&#39;s head  110 , such as, but not limited to, a camera. 
     In some arrangements, the robotics are configured to translate the probe along a surface of the head  110  and to move the probe towards and away from the head  110 . In some arrangements, an end of the probe interfaces with the robotics, and the robotics include components, such as, but not limited to, a motor assembly and the like for controlling the probe (e.g., control z-axis pressure, normal alignment, or the like of the probe). 
     In some arrangements, the probe includes a first end and a second end that is opposite to the first end. In some arrangements, the first end includes a concave surface that is configured to be adjacent to or contact a scanning surface (e.g., the head  110  of a subject). The concave surface is configured with a particular pitch to focus generated energy towards the scanning surface. In some arrangements, the ultrasound device is configured such that the first end of the probe is configured to be adjacent to or contact and align along the head  110  (e.g., a side of the human head  110 ), and the first end of the probe is configured to provide ultrasound wave emissions from the first end and directed into the human head (e.g., towards the brain). In other arrangements, the probe is configured to emit other types of waves during operation, such as, but not limited to, infrared, NIRS, x-rays, or the like. 
     In some arrangements, the second end of the probe is coupled to the robotics. In some arrangements, the second end of the probe includes a threaded section along a portion of the body of the probe, and the second end is configured to be secured in the robotics via the threads (e.g., by being screwed into the robotics). In other arrangements, the probe is secured in the robotics by any other suitable connecting means, such as, but not limited to, welding, adhesive, one or more hooks and latches, one or more separate screws, press fittings, or the like. 
     In other arrangements, the probe is attached within the headset  100  without any robotics (e.g., a robotic pod  174 ), such that the probe is configured to be manually operated by an operator while the headset  100  is positioned on the user&#39;s head  110 . For example, the user&#39;s head  110  can be placed in the headset  100  and an operator can manually shift and orient the probe while the probe is activated. In other words, the probe adjustment mechanism of the headset  100  that controls the probe can be a manual probe adjustment mechanism. For example, instead of a robotic pod  174 , the headset  100  can include a manual probe adjustment mechanism that is interacted with by an operator for orientation and movement of the probe. 
     Further disclosure regarding ultrasound and TCD devices that can be used in conjunction with the headsets described herein can be found in non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/399,735, entitled SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS, and filed on Jan. 5, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     In some arrangements, the robotic pod  174  is modular and can be attached and detached from the supine headset  100 . In some arrangements, the supine headset  100  is used in conjunction with a medical device for use with respect to a subject&#39;s head  110  (e.g., an ocular monitoring system, a breathing device, a device for monitoring neurological activity, a surgical device, an ultrasound device, an imaging device, a device for monitoring radioactive traces, or any other device that is optimized when the device itself is not positionally disturbed with respect to a user&#39;s head). In other arrangements, the supine headset  100  is used in conjunction with a non-medical device for use with respect to the subject&#39;s head  110  (e.g., a virtual reality eyepiece). 
     In some arrangements, the supine headset  100  (and other headsets described herein) holds other medical and non-medical devices (or robotic pods) that are used and stabilized with respect to the head  110 . For example, in some arrangements, an ocular device is a device that is optimized by maintaining positioning and alignment with a subject&#39;s eyes (e.g., if the ocular device is shifted with respect to a subject&#39;s eyes, performance of the ocular device may decline). In some arrangements, the ocular device is attached at the headset apparatus  100  so as to cover the eyes of a patient. As an example of a non-medical device use, in some arrangements, the supine headset  100  can be used in connection with the ocular device that is a virtual reality device configured to provide a virtual experience to the subject. 
     In some arrangements, the ocular device is a medical device designed to track ocular behavior of a subject (e.g., to diagnose whether the user has experienced a concussion). In other arrangements, the ocular device is an ocular diagnosis or treatment tool for determining or adjusting vision of the user. As an example, the ocular device is a device for correcting imperfect vision of a user (e.g., laser eye surgery). As another example, in some arrangements, the ocular device is an ocular diagnostic tool for determining a vision prescription of a user, presence of one or more eye conditions (e.g., glaucoma, cataracts, ocular hypertension, uveitis, or the like), and so on. In some arrangements, the ocular device is designed to cover and interact with both eyes simultaneously or in sequence. In other arrangements, the ocular device is designed to cover and interact with a single eye (e.g., while the other eye remains uncovered). The ocular device can be provided with any of the headset apparatuses described herein. 
     In some arrangements, the patient&#39;s head  110  is allowed to move slightly while restrained within the headset  100 , to increase comfortability of the patient. In particular arrangements, in the event that the head  110  shifts with respect to the robotic pod  174 , the robotic pod  174  can sense as such (e.g., by sensing an abrupt change in the signal as the robotic pod  174  remains stable, indicating a movement of the head  110 ) and can cause the probe to shift or orient accordingly along with the patient&#39;s head  110 . As such, in some embodiments, the robotic pod  174  tracks and automatically maintains alignment with the patient&#39;s head  110 . 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a perspective view of the supine headset  100  encasing a patient&#39;s head and including the plurality of robotic pods  174 ,  176  according to various arrangements. Referring to  FIG.  4   , in some arrangements, the supine headset  100  includes the robotic pods  174 ,  176  (e.g., including at least one ultrasound device, such as, but not limited to, TCD scanners) located at opposite sides of the supine headset  100 . In some arrangements, the first robotic pod  174  and the second robotic pod  176  are placed in slots  172  on the baseplate  120  to allow both sides of the head  110  of the patient to be scanned simultaneously. In some arrangements, the head cradle (e.g., which includes the side restraints  130 ,  140 ), and therefore the head  110 , is interposed between the first robotic pod  174  and the second robotic pod  176 . As discussed above, positions of each of the robotic pods  174 ,  176  are adjustable along the railway of slots  172 . 
       FIG.  5    illustrates a perspective view of the supine headset  100  connected to a portable workstation  178  according to various arrangements. Referring to  FIG.  5   , in some arrangements, the supine headset  100  (e.g., the robotic pods  174 ,  176 ) is connected via a cable  177  to the portable workstation  178  that includes a monitor  180  to display the results of scans of the head  110  of the patient. In other arrangements, the portable workstation  178  communicates with the robotic pods  174 ,  176  using wireless communication technologies such as, but not limited to, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or any other suitable wireless communication technology. In some arrangements, the system is modular so that different types of accessories other than robotic pods  174 ,  176  are attachable to the supine headset  100  (e.g., for use with respect to different applications of the supine headset  100 , as described above). 
       FIG.  6 A  illustrates an elevation view of the supine headset  100  encasing the patient&#39;s head  110  in a reclined position according to various arrangements.  FIG.  6 B  illustrates an enlarged view of the supine headset  100  encasing the patient&#39;s head  110  as shown in  FIG.  6 A  according to various arrangements.  FIG.  6 C  illustrates an elevation view of the supine headset  100  encasing the patient&#39;s head  110  in a horizontal position according to various arrangements.  FIG.  6 D  illustrates an enlarged view of the supine headset  100  encasing the patient&#39;s head  110  as shown in  FIG.  6 C  according to various arrangements. Referring to  FIG.  6 A , in some arrangements, the supine headset  100  is placed on the head  110  of the patient that is in a reclined position, as shown in further detail in  FIG.  6 B . Referring to  FIG.  6 C , in some arrangements, the supine headset  100  is placed on the head  110  of the patient that is in a horizontal position, as shown in further detail in  FIG.  6 D . 
       FIG.  7 A  illustrates a perspective view of a headset  200  according to various arrangements.  FIG.  7 B  illustrates a side view of the headset  200  shown in  FIG.  7 A  according to various arrangements. Referring to  FIG.  7 A  and  FIG.  7 B , in some arrangements, the headset  200  allows for use on a patient in a multitude of positions, ranging from sitting upright, as shown in  FIG.  7 A , to a horizontal position in which the patient is lying on his or her back, as shown in  FIG.  7 B , as well as a reclined position. In some arrangements, the headset  200  utilizes a four-quadrant clamping system that includes a first portion (front-left portion)  202 , a second portion (rear-left portion)  203 , a third portion (front-right portion)  204 , and a fourth portion (rear-right portion)  205 . In some arrangements, the first portion  202  is fastened to the third portion  204  using screws  206 . In other arrangements, any suitable fastening mechanism is used, such as, but not limited to, clamps, Velcro straps, elastic bands, or any other suitable fastener. In some arrangements, the headset  200  is of a size and shape that is compatible with the human head  110  and can be slid onto the head  110 , as shown in  FIG.  7 A , or slid under the head  110 , as shown in  FIG.  7 B . 
       FIG.  8    illustrates a perspective view of the headset  200  encasing the patient&#39;s head  110  according to various arrangements. Referring to  FIG.  8   , in some arrangements, the headset  200  is adjustable using the screw  206 , or other suitable fastener, to fit the head  110  at the left and right sides of the head  110 , as well as adjustable using a screw  208 , or other suitable fastener, to fit the head  110  at the front and back sides of the head  110 . 
       FIG.  9    illustrates a perspective view of the headset  200  including robotic pods or robotic scanners  212 ,  214  surrounding the patient&#39;s head  110  according to various arrangements. The description above relating to the robotic pods  174 ,  176  is applicable to the robotic scanners  212 ,  214 . Referring to  FIG.  9   , in some arrangements, the headset  200  includes a connector  210  at the third portion  204  that allows the first robotic scanner  212  to attach to the headset  200 . In some arrangements, the second robotic scanner  214  similarly connects to the headset  200  at the first portion  202 . In some arrangements, the first robotic scanner  212  and the second robotic scanner  214  releasably connect to the headset  200 , for example, by snap-fitting, latching, adhesive, by any other suitable method, and the like. 
       FIG.  10    illustrates a perspective view of the headset  200  including the adjustable robotic scanners  212 ,  214  surrounding the patient&#39;s head  110  according to various arrangements. Referring to  FIG.  10   , in some arrangements, the first robotic scanner  212  connected to the headset  200  is adjustable in an inward direction  220 , in an upward direction  222 , in a downward direction  224 , in a backward direction  226 , or in a forward direction, to adjust to different head shapes and locations of suitable acoustic windows at the patient head  110  that allow for suitable transmission of ultrasound energy into the brain of the patient from the robotic scanners  212 ,  214 . 
       FIG.  11    illustrates a perspective view of the headset  200  connected to the portable workstation  234  according to various arrangements. Referring to  FIG.  11   , in some arrangements, the headset  200  includes the robotic scanners  212 ,  214  connected via a cable  232  to the portable workstation  234  including a monitor  236  to display results of the scanning of the patient. In some arrangements, the portable workstation  234  communicates with the robotic scanners  212 ,  214  using wireless communication technologies such as, but not limited to, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or any other suitable wireless communication technology. 
       FIG.  12 A  illustrates an elevation view of the headset  200  encasing the patient&#39;s head  110  in a reclined position according to various arrangements.  FIG.  12 B  illustrates an enlarged view of the headset  200  encasing the patient&#39;s head  110  in the reclined position as shown in  FIG.  12 A  according to various arrangements.  FIG.  12 C  illustrates an elevation view of the headset  200  encasing the patient&#39;s head  110  in a horizontal position according to various arrangements.  FIG.  12 D  illustrates an enlarged view of the headset  200  encasing the patient&#39;s head  110  in the horizontal position as shown in  FIG.  12 C  according to various arrangements. Referring to  FIG.  12 A , in some arrangements, the headset  200  can be placed on the head  110  of the patient that is in a reclined position, as shown in further detail in  FIG.  12 B . Referring to  FIG.  12 C , in some arrangements, the headset  200  can be placed on the head  110  of the patient that is in a horizontal position, as shown in further detail in  FIG.  12 D . 
     In some arrangements, the headset  200  includes the plurality of head pieces  202 ,  203 ,  204 ,  205  and the one or more robotic pods  212 ,  214 . In some arrangements, the robotic pods  212 ,  214  are similar to the robotic pod  174  described above, and in other arrangements, include manual probe adjustment mechanisms. In some arrangements, the head pieces  202 ,  203 ,  204 ,  205  are configured to contact and be contoured to align with the shape of the head  110  of the subject. In some arrangements, the head pieces  202 ,  203 ,  204 ,  205  are configured to be positioned at the four quadrants (or corners) of the head  110 . In some arrangements, the head pieces  202 ,  203 ,  204 ,  205  include padding therein to contact the head  110 , as described herein. 
     In some arrangements, connectors located between the head pieces  202 ,  203 ,  204 ,  205  provide an inward force between the head pieces  202 ,  203 ,  204 ,  205  such that the head pieces  202 ,  203 ,  204 ,  205  are drawn into one another. For example, the connectors can include springs therein to exert the inward force between the head pieces  202 ,  203 ,  204 ,  205  (e.g., a spring tension force), and the springs can be calibrated to adjust the amount of spring force. In some arrangements, the head pieces  202 ,  203 ,  204 ,  205  are manually pulled apart from one another such that the inward force provided by the connectors allow the head pieces  202 ,  203 ,  204 ,  205  to be held fast against the head  110  when the headset  200  is worn. In other arrangements, any suitable number of head pieces  202 ,  203 ,  204 ,  205  and connectors therebetween can be used to provide a stable headset. 
       FIG.  13    illustrates a perspective view of the supine headset  100  including a plurality of straps  192  according to various arrangements. 
     In some arrangements, the supine headset  100  includes a plurality of anchor points  1301  at edges of the supine headset  100 . In some arrangements, the straps  192  are secured (e.g., tied) to the anchor points  1301  of the supine headset  100  and tied to the surface on which the supine headset  100  rests (e.g., a gurney or a bed). The surface may be flat or substantially flat. Accordingly, the supine headset  100  is securely fastened and stable with respect to the surface upon which the supine headset  100  rests. In other arrangements, the supine headset  100  is secured to the surface in any other suitable manner, such as, but not limited to, adhesive, bolting, welding, and the like. In some arrangements, the anchor points  1301  are slots through which the straps  192  are tied. In some arrangements, the straps  192  are made from any suitable strong material, such as, but not limited to, metal, nylon, leather, and the like. In other arrangements, the supine headset  100  includes only one strap  192  for securing the supine headset  100  to the surface. In yet other arrangements, the supine headset  100  includes three or more straps  192  for securing to a surface. 
       FIG.  14    illustrates a perspective view of the supine headset  100  according to various arrangements. 
     In some arrangements, an operator of the supine headset  100  can place fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  on the head  110 . In some arrangements, the fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  are disposed at anatomically significant locations such that an image taken by the robotic pods  174 ,  176  includes the subject&#39;s head with the fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c . In some arrangements, the fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  are disposed at anatomically significant locations so as to signify the boundaries of the workspace of the robotic pods  174 ,  176  during operation, and the fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  are configured to be detected by an image processing circuit of the robotic pods  174 ,  176 . In particular arrangements, the fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  are disposed at a corner of a subject&#39;s eye and at the tragus of the subject. In some arrangements, any suitable number of fiducial markers can be disposed on a subject, such as, but not limited to, one fiducial, two fiducials, or three or more fiducial markers. In some arrangements, the fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  are adhesive stickers having a fixed size, shape, and design, and include a circular retroreflective material and a surrounding black ring. 
       FIG.  15    illustrates a perspective view of the supine headset  100  including the robotic pods  174 ,  176  according to various arrangements. In some arrangements, the robotic pods  174 ,  176  are affixed to the baseplate  120  as described above. 
       FIG.  16    illustrates a perspective view of the supine headset  100  including the robotic pods  174 ,  176  according to various arrangements. In some arrangements, gel  196  is disposed at acoustic windows of the head  110  for use with the probes of the robotic pods  174 ,  176 . Each of the probes of the robotic pods  174 ,  176  is configured to contact or be proximate an acoustic window (e.g., temporal window) of the head  110 . In other words, the probe of the robotic pod  174  can be positioned to contact or be proximate a right temporal window of the head  110 . The probe of the robotic pod  176  can be positioned to contact or be proximate a left temporal window of the head  110 . 
     In some arrangements, use of the supine headset  100  begins by the portable workstation  178  being moved to the patient location. The portable workstation  178  is moved close to the head  110  of the patient. The portable workstation  178  is turned on, electrical connections are checked, and normal operation of the monitor  180  is checked. The supine headset  100  is removed from the portable workstation  178  and unfolded for operation with respect to the patient&#39;s head. 
     In some arrangements, the head  110  of the patient is gently lifted and the supine headset  100  is slid into position underneath the head  110 . The left-side restraint  130  and the right-side restraint  140  are adjusted to cradle the head  110  therebetween. In some arrangements, the supine headset  100  is secured to the bed or gurney  190 , on which the patient is located, using the straps  192  or other suitable fastener. 
     In some arrangements, the registration stickers or fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  are placed on the head  110  of the patient. Fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  are placed on the head  110  at anatomical features of interest by an operator. There are several identical fiducial markers, or markers or fiducials, which are distinguishable from one another, and they may have a known pattern that allows for determination of their orientation by image processing or be simplified marks without any such pattern. In some arrangements, fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  include stickers to be affixed to the skin or simple dots drawn on the skin (e.g., with a biocompatible semi-permanent marker). In some arrangements, the fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  are of a known size so that image processing techniques can be used to determine the distance of the fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  in the captured image. In some arrangements, the fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  are made from a reflective material, combined with an illumination source outside the visible spectrum and a camera filtering out light sources other than that illumination source, to improve the system robustness in various light conditions which avoids issues that may result from poor lighting, glare, etc. 
     In some arrangements, the first robotic pod  174  and the second robotic pod  176  are unpacked, connected to the portable workstation  178 , and their connections are checked. In some arrangements, the first robotic pod  174  and the second robotic pod  176  are mounted to the baseplate  120  of the supine headset  100 . In some arrangements, ultrasound gel  196  is applied to the first side  197  and the second side  198  of the head  110  of the patient, and more specifically, for example, to the temporal window of the head  110  where ultrasound probes of the pods  174 ,  176  are configured to contact. Then, general registration of the first robotic pod  174  and the second robotic pod  176  is performed to locate an appropriate ultrasound energy window or temporal window. In some arrangements, fine registration of the first robotic pod  174  and the second robotic pod  176  is performed automatically. In other words, the robotics described herein can automatically control the position of the ultrasound probes of the pods  174 ,  176  against the temporal window of the head  110  of the subject. As such, a scan of the head  110  of the patient is performed. 
     In some arrangements, use of the headset  200  begins by the portable workstation  234  being moved generally to the patient location. The portable workstation  234  is moved close to the head  110  of the patient. The portable workstation  234  is turned on, electrical connections are checked, and normal operation of the monitor  236  is checked. In some arrangements, the headset  200  is removed from the portable workstation  234  and expanded for placement onto the head  110 . 
     In some arrangements, the patient is gently lifted and the headset  100  is slid into position on the head  110 . In some arrangements, the supine headset  200  is adjusted using the screw  206  and the screw  208  to properly fit the headset  200  onto the head  110 . In some arrangements, the first robotic scanner  212  and the second robotic scanner  214  are unpacked, connected to the portable workstation  234 , and their connections are checked. 
     In some arrangements, the fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  are placed onto the head  110  of the patient. The fiducial markers  194   a ,  194   b ,  194   c  may be placed on the head  110  at anatomical features of interest by an operator. In some arrangements, ultrasound gel  196  is applied to the first side  197  and the second side  198  of the head  110  of the patient, and more specifically, for example, to the temporal window of the head  110  where ultrasound probes of the pods  174 ,  176  are configured to contact. In some arrangements, the first robotic scanner  212  and the second robotic scanner  214  are mounted to the headset  200 . In some arrangements, general registration of the first robotic scanner  212  and the second robotic scanner  214  is performed to locate an appropriate ultrasound energy window or temporal window. In some arrangements, fine registration of the first robotic scanner  212  and the second robotic scanner  214  is performed automatically. In other words, the robotics described herein can automatically control the position of the ultrasound probes of the scanner  212 ,  214  against the temporal window of the head  110  of the subject. 
     In other arrangements, the headsets described herein are positioned such that a subject is in a seated position, and the subject&#39;s head is vertical. In particular arrangements, the headset is mounted to a vertical platform such that the subject&#39;s head bears little or no weight of the headset. For example, the vertical headset can be mounted to a wall, a chair, and the like. 
     The above used terms, including “held fast,” “mount,” “attached,” “coupled,” “affixed,” “connected,” “secured,” and the like are used interchangeably. In addition, while certain arrangements have been described to include a first element as being “coupled” (or “attached,” “connected,” “fastened,” etc.) to a second element, the first element may be directly coupled to the second element or may be indirectly coupled to the second element via a third element. 
     The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout the previous description that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” 
     It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed is an example of illustrative approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged while remaining within the scope of the previous description. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. 
     The previous description of the disclosed implementations is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosed subject matter. Various modifications to these implementations will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of the previous description. Thus, the previous description is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.