Patent Publication Number: US-11638457-B2

Title: Protective helmet

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This document claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 14/925,874, filed Oct. 28, 2015 and Provisional Patent Application 62/069,679, filed on Oct. 28, 2014, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF DISCLOSURE 
     Aspects of this document relate generally to protective helmets. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Conventional helmet system include comfort liners adjacent a protective shell of the helmet. While the comfort liner may improve comfort the wearer, the rotational movement of the comfort liner with respect to the protective shell is limited during impact due to the friction between the comfort liner and the protective shell. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to one aspect, a protective helmet comprises a protective shell, a low friction layer, and a comfort liner. The protective shell comprises an energy absorbing material and an inner surface. The low friction layer is coupled to the inner surface of the protective shell. The comfort liner is removably coupled to the low friction layer opposite the protective shell, and comprises a low friction material adjacent the low friction liner. 
     Various implementations and embodiments may comprise one or more of the following. The low friction material of the comfort liner may comprise brushed nylon. The low friction layer may comprise a plastic low friction layer comprising a thickness less than approximately 3 mm. The comfort liner may be removably coupled to the protective shell with one or more elastically deformable couplings that extend from the comfort liner through the low friction layer to the protective shell. The protective shell may comprise a receiver on a lower edge of the protective shell, the receiver extending into the protective shell from the lower edge of the protective shell, and the comfort liner may comprise a clip removably coupled within the receiver to couple the comfort liner to the protective shell with the low friction layer positioned between the protective shell and the comfort liner. A neck roll pad coupled to the comfort liner with a four-way stretch fabric. 
     According to another aspect, a protective helmet comprises a protective shell, a low friction layer and a comfort liner. The protective shell comprises an energy absorbing material and an inner surface. The low friction layer is coupled to the inner surface of the protective shell. The comfort liner is removably coupled to the low friction layer opposite the protective shell with one or more elastically deformable couplings that extend from the comfort liner through the low friction layer to the protective shell. 
     Various implementations and embodiments may comprise one or more of the following. The low friction layer may comprise a plastic low friction layer having a thickness of approximately 3 mm or less. The comfort liner may comprise a low friction material adjacent the low friction layer. The low friction material of the comfort liner may comprise brushed nylon. The protective shell may comprise a receiver on a lower edge of the protective shell, the receiver extending into the protective shell from the lower edge of the protective shell, and the comfort liner may comprise a clip removably coupled within the receiver to couple the comfort liner to the protective shell with the low friction layer positioned between the protective shell and the comfort liner. A neck roll pad coupled to the comfort liner with a four-way stretch fabric. 
     According to another aspect, a protective helmet comprises a protective shell and a comfort liner. The protective shell comprises an energy absorbing material, an inner surface, and a receiver on a lower edge of the protective shell, the receiver extending into the protective shell from the lower edge of the protective shell. The comfort liner is removably coupled to the inner surface of protective shell, and comprises a clip removably coupled within the receiver to removably couple the comfort liner to the protective shell. 
     Various implementations and embodiments may further comprise one or more of the following. The receiver may comprise a U-shaped slot extending inward into the protective shell from the bottom edge and a plurality of tabs extending inward within the U-shaped slot. A low friction layer coupled to the inner surface of the protective shell between the comfort liner and the protective shell. The low friction layer may comprise a plastic low friction layer having a thickness of approximately 3 mm or less. The comfort liner may comprise a low friction material adjacent the low friction layer. The low friction material comprises brushed nylon. The comfort liner may be removably coupled to the protective shell with one or more elastically deformable couplings that extend from the comfort liner through the low friction layer to the protective shell. A neck roll pad coupled to the comfort liner with a four-way stretch fabric. 
     The foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantages will be apparent to those artisans of ordinary skill in the art from the DESCRIPTION and DRAWINGS, and from the CLAIMS. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, where like designations denote like elements, and: 
         FIG.  1    is a top perspective view of a first embodiment of a protective helmet; 
         FIG.  2    is a bottom perspective view of a first embodiment of a protective helmet; 
         FIG.  3    is a bottom view of a brow of a first embodiment of a protective helmet with a clip of a comfort liner coupled to a receiver on the protective shell; 
         FIG.  4    is a bottom view of a brow of a first embodiment of a protective helmet with a clip of a comfort liner detached from a receiver on the protective shell; 
         FIG.  5    is a bottom view of a second embodiment of a protective helmet; 
         FIG.  6    is a side view of a first embodiment of a comfort liner; and 
         FIG.  7    is a bottom view of a second embodiment of a comfort liner. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Protective head gear and helmets have been used in a wide variety of applications and across a number of industries including sports, athletics, construction, mining, military defense, and others, to prevent damage to a users head and brain. Damage and injury to a user can be prevented or reduced by preventing hard objects or sharp objects from directly contacting the user&#39;s head, and also from absorbing, distributing, or otherwise managing energy of the impact. 
     This disclosure, its aspects and implementations, are not limited to the specific material types, components, methods, or other examples disclosed herein. Many additional material types, components, methods, and procedures known in the art are contemplated for use with particular implementations from this disclosure. Accordingly, for example, although particular implementations are disclosed, such implementations and implementing components may comprise any components, models, types, materials, versions, quantities, and/or the like as is known in the art for such systems and implementing components, consistent with the intended operation. 
     The words “exemplary,” “example,” or various forms thereof are used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” or as an “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Furthermore, examples are provided solely for purposes of clarity and understanding and are not meant to limit or restrict the disclosed subject matter or relevant portions of this disclosure in any manner. It is to be appreciated that a myriad of additional or alternate examples of varying scope could have been presented, but have been omitted for purposes of brevity. 
     While this disclosure includes embodiments of many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail particular embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the disclosed methods and systems, and is not intended to limit the broad aspect of the disclosed concepts to the embodiments illustrated. 
     Accordingly, this disclosure discloses protective headgear, as well as a system and method for providing a helmet or protective headgear, that can be used for a cyclist, football player, hockey player, baseball player, lacrosse player, polo player, climber, auto racer, motorcycle rider, motocross racer, skier, snowboarder or other snow or water athlete, sky diver or any other athlete, recreational or professional, in a sport. Other non-athlete users such as workers involved in industry, including without limitation construction workers or other workers or persons in dangerous work environments can also benefit from the protective headgear described herein, as well as the system and method for providing the protective head gear. 
     Various implementations and embodiments of protective helmets according to this disclosure comprise a protective shell  10 . The protective shell  10  can be made of an energy absorbing material, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), expanded polyurethane (EPU), expanded polyolefin (EPO), expanded polypropylene (EPP), or other suitable energy managing material. The energy absorbing material can be part of a hard-shell helmet such as a skate bucket helmets, motorcycle helmets, snow sport helmets, football helmets, batting helmets, catcher&#39;s helmets, or hockey helmets. As shown in  FIGS.  2 - 4   , the disclosed protective helmets include an additional outer protective shell  3  disposed outside, or over, the protective shell  10 . In other words,  FIGS.  2 - 4    show an outer shell  3  that is disposed outside of, or over, the energy absorbing material. In hard shell applications, the energy absorbing material can comprise one or more layers of EPP and provide more flexibility than available with conventional in-molded helmets. Alternatively, the energy absorbing material can be part of an in-molded helmet such as bicycle helmet or cycling helmet. Because bicycle helmets typically include openings in the energy absorbing material for ventilation to airflow can through the helmet and cooling of a wearer&#39;s head, cycling applications could require modified low friction layers. As an energy-absorbing layer in an in-molded helmet, the protective shell  10  can comprise rigid materials such as EPS and EPU. The additional outer shell layer  3 , such as a layer of stamped polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or a polycarbonate shell, can be included on an outer surface of the protective shell  10  of the helmet and be bonded directly to the expanding foam (e.g. PET layer added the to the EPS as it is expanding such that the foam is molded in the shell). In other words, the additional outer shell  3  that is directly connected to the energy absorbing material is shown in  FIGS.  2 - 4   . 
       FIGS.  1 - 4    depict a non-limiting embodiment of a protective helmet  2  according to this disclosure. In one or more embodiments, a protective shell  10  comprises a plurality of layers of energy absorbing material coupled to one another. For example, in the non-limiting embodiment of a protective helmet  2  shown in  FIGS.  3  and  4   , the protective shell  10  comprises a first layer  11 , a second layer  12 , and a third layer  13  of energy absorbing material coupled to one another to form a protective shell  10 . As shown in  FIGS.  2 - 4   , the outer surface of the first layer  11  of the energy absorbing material is positioned adjacent to and is connected to the inner surface of the additional outer shell  3 . In embodiments comprising a plurality of layers of energy absorbing material coupled to one another, the inner surface of the protective shell  10  is the inner surface of the innermost layer of energy absorbing material. For example, in the non-limiting embodiment shown in  FIGS.  3  and  4   , the inner surface of the protective shell  10  is the inner surface of the third layer  13  of energy absorbing material (not visible in  FIGS.  3  and  4   ), the inner surface of the third layer  13  of energy absorbing material being directed to or facing the head of the wearer when the protective helmet  2  is worn. In other embodiments, such as the non-limiting embodiment of a protective helmet  4  depicted in  FIG.  5   , a protective shell  8  may comprise a single layer of energy absorbing material. In such an embodiment, the inner surface  9  is also directed to or facing the head of the wearer when the protective helmet  4  is worn. Embodiments of a protective shell may also include an outer surface formed opposite the inner surface that may be oriented away from the wearer&#39;s head. 
     Various implementations and embodiments of protective helmets contemplated in this disclosure may further comprise a low friction layer  30  (shown in  FIG.  5   ) coupled to an inner surface  9  of a protective helmet. Although a low friction layer  30  is not visible in the non-limiting embodiment shown in  FIGS.  1 - 4   , one or ordinary skill in the art will understand how the low friction layer  30  shown coupled to a protective helmet  4  in  FIG.  5    may be applied to other protective helmets. The non-limiting example of a low friction layer  30  in  FIG.  5    is formed of a transparent plastic. Although reference is made below to the inner surface  9  of the protective shell  8  of the protective helmet  4  shown in  FIG.  5   , it is contemplated that a low friction layer  30  having similar features may be applied to the protective helmet  2  shown in  FIGS.  1 - 4   . By forming a thin low friction layer  30 , such as is described herein, the low friction layer  30  may provide for rotational energy management without requiring additional thick or bulky layers between the outer surface of the helmet and the wearer&#39;s head. As such, embodiments of providing rotational energy management contemplated as part of this disclosure may be implemented with conventional helmet designs, sizes, and dimensions, without interfering with helmet fit, or requiring helmet redesigns to accommodate improvements for rotational energy management. 
     According to some aspects, a low friction layer  30  may be formed of plastic, such as PET or polycarbonate, as well as other materials such as carbon fiber, fiberglass, or any other suitable material that provides a low friction inner surface that is oriented towards the head of a wearer and positioned to interface a comfort liner (described in greater detail below). In one or more embodiments, a low friction layer  30  comprises a contoured surface that follows a contour, topography, or shape of the inner surface  9  of the protective shell  8 . A topography, shape, or geometry of the low friction layer  30  may also account for helmet ventilation. According to some aspects, a low friction layer  30 , whether contoured or not contoured, comprises a thickness in a range of 0-3 mm, or a thickness less than 1 mm. A low friction layer  30  may also include projections, tabs, or pegs that can be perpendicular with, or extend away from, the contoured surface of the low friction layer  30  and be imbedded within the protective shell  8  to secure the low friction layer  30  to the protective shell  8 , as shown in  FIG.  5   . A low friction layer  30  may be coupled to the inner surface  9  of a protective shell  8 , especially for in-molded helmets, as a plastic shell formed of in-molded polycarbonate, PET, or other suitable plastic in a way that is the same or similar to a way in which outer plastic shells  3  can be coupled to in-molded helmets. A low friction layer  30  may also be coupled to the protective shell  8  after the protective shell  8  is fully formed. In some instances, a protective shell  8  is added or retrofitted to an existing helmet as part of an after-purchase or after market upgrade to increase protection and management of energy through rotational movement. 
     Various implementations and embodiments of a protective helmet according to this disclosure may further comprise a comfort liner coupled to the protective shell of the helmet. In some embodiments, a comfort liner is removably coupled to a protective shell of a helmet with the low friction layer positioned between the comfort liner and the protective shell. Various embodiment of comfort liners according to this disclosure may be removably coupled to a protective shell with multiple embodiments of couplings, which shall be described in greater detail below. When coupled to a protective shell, a comfort liner may be disposed within the protective shell of helmet and oriented towards the inner surface of the protective shell of the helmet to provide additional cushion and padding to a wearer&#39;s head, while also minimizing, reducing, and filling-in gaps or offsets that might exists between the wearer&#39;s head and the protective shell. 
       FIG.  6    depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a comfort liner  40  according to this disclosure. In one or more embodiments, an outer surface  41  (i.e. the surface that is oriented towards the protective shell of the helmet and away from the wearer&#39;s head) comprises exposed padding or raw foam. In other embodiments, a comfort liner  40  comprises an outer surface  41  having a low friction material covering the padding or raw foam. A low friction material may comprise brushed nylon or an equivalent fabric. By including a low friction material such as brushed nylon on an outer surface  41  of the comfort liner  40 , slipping, rotation, and relative movement between the comfort liner  40  and the low friction layer  30  may be promoted or increased such that a wearer&#39;s head remains in fixed contact relative to the comfort liner  40  while slipping, rotating, and moving against the low friction liner  30  with respect to the protective shell of the helmet. 
     A comfort liner  40  according to this disclosure may be formed as unitary or monolithic padded interiors, such as those formed with one-piece sewn basket construction. Unitary construction of the comfort liner allows for reducing or minimizing a number of attachment devices or anchoring points, as discussed in greater detail below. When a comfort liner  40  is disposed adjacent the low friction layer, the comfort liner  40  may be coupled to the protective shell of the helmet with at least one elastically deformable coupling that facilitates rotation and relative movement of the comfort liner  40  with respect to the low friction layer  30 . In the non-limiting embodiment shown in  FIG.  6   , a comfort liner comprises at least one front elastically deformable coupling  42  and at least one rear elastically deformable coupling  43 . The elastically deformable coupling may be displaced and absorb energy during an impact and then return to an original position after impact. 
     One or more embodiments of a comfort liner  20 , such as the comfort liner  20  shown in the non-limiting embodiment depicted in  FIGS.  3  and  4   , comprise one or more straps  24  and one or more attachment devices or clips  25 . Each strap extends between the body of the comfort liner  20  and the attachment device or clip  25 . In the non-limiting embodiment shown in  FIGS.  3  and  4   , the comfort liner  20  comprises two front straps  24  and two front attachment devices or front clips  25 , wherein each front attachment device or front clip  25  is coupled to a front strap  24 . The front straps  24  and clips  25  are positioned to allow a user to removably couple the attachment devices or clips  25  to a front brow or front lower edge  14  of a protective shell  10  of the helmet  2 . In some embodiments, a comfort liner  20  may comprise one or more rear straps  24  and one or more rear attachment devices or clips  25  similar to that shown in  FIGS.  3  and  4    positioned to removably couple the comfort liner  20  to a rear brow or lower edge of a helmet  2 . The straps  24  may be adjustable straps  24  that allow a user to adjust a length of the strap  24 . In particular embodiments, the clips  25  may couple into the front brow of the helmet  2  substantially perpendicularly to the front brow surface. Various embodiments may comprise one or more clips  25  and one or more elastically deformable couplings  42 ,  43 . For example, a comfort liner  20  may comprise two front clips  25  and two rear elastically deformable couplings  43 . Other embodiments may comprise two front clips  25 , two front elastically deformable couplings  42 , and two rear elastically deformable couplings  43 . Still other embodiments may comprise two rear clips  25  and two front elastically deformable couplings  42 . Other embodiments may comprise any combination thereof. 
     As noted above, one or more embodiments of a helmet  4  may comprise at least on elastically deformable coupling  42 ,  43  coupling the comfort liner  40  to the protective shell  8  of the helmet  4 . An elastically deformable coupling  42 ,  43  may comprise a rubber snap, stopper, or bungees that can be releasably or permanently coupled to the comfort liner  40  and to the protective shell  8 . However, any number or type of suitable attachment devices can be used, as desired, according to the particular needs and application of the helmet. For example, while any number of attachment devices can be used for power sports helmets, some power sports helmets can include four attachment devices (like clips  25 ) disposed along a lower edge or perimeter of the comfort liner, as shall be described in greater detail below. For some power sports helmets, a comfort liner  40  or padding can be coupled to the exterior perimeter or lower drip-line of the helmet. Accordingly, the padding can be coupled to the helmet by being sandwiched between an energy absorbing layer (such as EPS) and an outer shell  3  without any additional attachment devices, such as snaps, because the fit between the outer shell  3  and the energy absorbing layer can function as the attachment device. 
     For applications involving snow helmets, a sewn basket style pad assembly may be used and coupled to the low friction layer  30  of the protective shell  8 . For applications involving bike or cycling helmets, the comfort liner  30  can be coupled to the low friction layer  30  or protective shell  8  as a mesh layer or with openings to accommodate ventilation openings and airflow through the helmet, and a comfort liner comprising plurality of smaller portions or discrete pieces may be used. 
     In one or more embodiments, an elastically deformable coupling  42 ,  43  may couple the comfort liner  40  to the protective shell  8  by at least one of the elastically deformable couplings  42 ,  43  extending through an opening  31 , hole, or cut-out of the low friction layer  30 . Alternatively, a shape of the low friction layer  30  can be such that the elastically deformable coupling  42 ,  43  may couple the low friction layer  30  to the protective shell  8  without passing through the low friction layer  30 , such as being disposed around a periphery of the low friction layer  30 . In yet another embodiment, the elastically deformable coupling may couple the comfort liner  40  directly to the low friction layer  30 . In the non-limiting embodiment shown in  FIG.  6   , each elastically deformable coupling  42 ,  43  is configured to extend away from the comfort liner  40 , through the low friction layer  30  and be coupled directly to the protective shell  8 . 
     As a non-limiting example, an elastically deformable coupling  42 ,  43  may pass through a circular opening  31  in the clear plastic shell of the low friction layer  30 , and snap into a circular opening  7 ,  6  on the inner surface  9  of the protective shell  8  aligned with the circular opening  31  in the low friction layer  30 . Each elastically deformable coupling  42 ,  43  may thus be coupled at its ends to the protective shell  8  and the comfort liner  40 , with a distance or length in-between that allows for elastic movement. Each elastically deformable coupling  42 ,  43  may be held at its respective ends in the protective shell  8  and comfort layer  40  by a chemical attachment, such as by an adhesive, or by mechanical attachment. Mechanical attachment can include sewing, interlocking, or friction. 
     In some instances, each elastically deformable coupling  42 ,  43  comprises an “I” shape with top and bottom widened portions and a narrower central portion. The top widened portion can include a head, tab, or flange, an underside of which contacts the comfort liner  40  around an opening in the comfort liner  40  through which the elastically deformable coupling  42 ,  43  can pass. The bottom-widened portion can include a head, tab, flange or barbs that contact an inner portion of the opening in the protective shell for receiving the elastically deformable coupling. In any event, the elastically deformable couplings  42 ,  43  can couple the comfort liner  40  to the protective shell in such a way as to allow a range of motion or relative movement along the low friction layer  30  and with respect to the protective shell  8 . The range of motion can be adjusted to a desirable layer amount or distance by adjusting a size, elasticity, or other feature of the elastically deformable couplings. 
     According to some aspects and as noted above, a comfort liner  20  may be coupled to a protective shell  10  with one or more attachment devices or clips  25 . Each attachment device or clip  25  may comprise an elongated attachment device or clip  25  sized to friction or compression fit within a receiver  15  on the protective shell  10  of the helmet  2 . In other embodiments, the attachment device or clip  25  may comprise a buckle or any other coupling configured to allow a user to removably couple the attachment device or clip  25  to the brow or lower edge  14  of the helmet  2 . As noted, various embodiments of a protective helmet  2  comprise one or more receivers  15  embedded within a protective shell  10  of the helmet  2  and positioned to receive an attachment device or clip  25 . As shown in  FIGS.  2 - 4   , the receivers  15  are positioned between an inner surface  5  of the energy absorbing material and an outer surface of the energy absorbing material. In particular,  FIGS.  3  and  4    shown the front receiver positioned near the middle of the energy absorbing material, wherein a majority of the first layer  11  positioned outward of the receiver  15  and the second layer  12  and a third layer  13  are positioned inward of the receiver  15 . As used herein, the brow or lower edge  14  of the helmet  2  is the portion of the protective shell  10  just above the eyebrows of the user. The lower edge may also include the edge just above the rear side of the neck of the user. In any event, as used herein, the brow or lower edge  14  of the helmet  2  extends at an angle away from the face or neck of the wearer or from the center of the helmet  2 . The lower edge  14 , then, comprises a latitudinal edge on the helmet  2  extending outward from the center of the helmet  2 . When an attachment device or clip  25  is detachably coupled to receiver  15 , the attachment device or clip  25  extends into the receiver  15  substantially perpendicular to the latitudinal lower edge  14  of the protective shell  10 . This coupling of the attachment device or clip  25  with the receiver  15  provides a connection that is positioned inward of both the outer shell  3  and the outer surface of the energy absorbing material. In one or more embodiments, the attachment device or clip  25  is substantially perpendicular to a surface upon which the helmet  2  rests (or the ground upon which the wearer stands) when the attachment device or clip  25  is detachably coupled to the receiver  15  embedded within the protective shell  10  of the helmet  2  (assuming the helmet  2  is upright). 
     Each receiver  15  is configured to removably couple the attachment device or clip  25  to the receiver  15  and thus the protective shell  10  in which the receiver  15  is embedded. Each receiver  15  may comprise one or more teeth  16  configured to pinch a portion of the attachment device or clip  25  and hold the attachment device or clip  25  partially within the receiver  15 . Like the elastically deformable couplings  42 ,  43 , the clips  25  and receivers  15  couple the comfort liner  20  to the protective shell  10  in such a way as to allow a range of motion or relative movement along the low friction layer  30  straps  24  and one or more attachment devices or clips  25 . Each strap extends between the body of the comfort liner  20  and the attachment device or clip  25 . In the non-limiting embodiment shown in  FIGS.  3  and  4   , the comfort liner  20  comprises two front straps  24  and two front attachment devices or front clips  25 , wherein each front attachment device or front clip  25  is coupled to a front strap  24 . The front straps  24  and clips  25  are positioned to allow a user to removably couple the attachment devices or clips  25  to a front brow or front lower edge  14  of a protective shell  10  of the helmet  2 . In some embodiments, a comfort liner  20  may comprise one or more rear straps  24  and one or more rear attachment devices or clips  25  similar to that shown in  FIGS.  3  and  4    positioned to removably couple the comfort liner  20  to a rear brow or lower edge of a helmet  2 . The straps  24  may be adjustable straps  24  that allow a user to adjust a length of the strap  24 . In particular embodiments, the clips  25  may couple into the front brow of the helmet  2  substantially perpendicularly to the front brow surface. Various embodiments may comprise one or more clips  25  and one or more elastically deformable couplings  42 ,  43 . For example, a comfort liner  20  may comprise two front clips  25  and two rear elastically deformable couplings  43 . Other embodiments may comprise two front clips  25 , two front elastically deformable couplings  42 , and two rear elastically deformable couplings  43 . Still other embodiments may comprise two rear clips  25  and two front elastically deformable couplings  42 . Other embodiments may comprise any combination thereof. 
     Also contemplated in this disclosure is a comfort liner  50  comprising a four-way stretch fabric  52  coupling a neck roll  51  of the comfort liner  50  the main body of the comfort liner  50 .  FIG.  7    depicts a bottom view of a comfort liner  50  comprising a four-way stretch fabric  52  coupling a neck roll  51  to the comfort liner  50 . Such a configuration provides more free movement of the comfort liner  50  against the low friction layer  30  described above. In some embodiments, the neck roll  51  is directly and removably coupled to either the low friction layer  30  or the protective shell  10  with elastically deformable couplings  43  or clips  25 , as described above. In other embodiments, the neck roll  51  is not directly coupled to either the protective shell  10  or the low friction layer  30 . 
     It will be understood that implementations are not limited to the specific components disclosed herein, as virtually any components consistent with the intended operation of a method and/or system implementation for helmets may be utilized. Accordingly, for example, although particular protective shells and comfort liners may be disclosed, such components may comprise any shape, size, style, type, model, version, class, grade, measurement, concentration, material, weight, quantity, and/or the like consistent with the intended operation of a method and/or system implementation for a helmet may be used. 
     In places where the description above refers to particular implementations of helmets, it should be readily apparent that a number of modifications may be made without departing from the spirit thereof and that these implementations may be applied to other helmets. The accompanying claims are intended to cover such modifications as would fall within the true spirit and scope of the disclosure set forth in this document. The presently disclosed implementations are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the disclosure being indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning of and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.