Patent Publication Number: US-2021169080-A1

Title: Heterocycle derivatives as pesticides

Description:
The present invention relates to heterocycle derivatives of the formula (I), to their use as acaricides and/or insecticides for controlling animal pests, particularly arthropods and especially insects and arachnids, and to methods and intermediates for their preparation. 
     Heterocycle derivatives having insecticidal properties have already been described in the literature, e.g. in WO2010/125985, WO2014/142292, WO2014/148451, WO2016/129684, WO2016/162318, WO2016/023954, WO2016/039441, WO2016/046071, WO2016/059145, WO2016/104746, WO2016/116338, WO2015/121136, WO2017/025419, WO2017/061497 and EP17194731.0. 
     Modern crop protection compositions have to meet many demands, for example in relation to the level, duration and spectrum of their action and possible use. Questions of toxicity, sparing of beneficial species and pollinators, environmental properties, application rates, combinability with other active compounds or formulation auxiliaries play a role, as does the question of the complexity involved in the synthesis of an active compound, and resistances can also occur, to mention just a few parameters. For all these reasons alone, the search for novel crop protection compositions cannot be considered complete, and there is a constant need for novel compounds having improved properties compared to the known compounds, at least in relation to individual aspects. 
     It was an object of the present invention to provide compounds which broaden the spectrum of the pesticides in various aspects and/or improve their activity. 
     Novel heterocycle derivatives have now been found, these having advantages over the compounds already known, examples of which include better biological or environmental properties, a wider range of application methods, better insecticidal or acaricidal action, and good compatibility with useful plants. The heterocycle derivatives can be used in combination with further compositions for improving efficacy, especially against insects that are difficult to control. 
     The subject matter of the present invention is therefore novel compounds of the formula (I) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         in which (Configuration 1) 
         A 1  represents N (nitrogen) or C(H), 
         A 2  represents N (nitrogen) or C(H), 
         A 3  represents oxygen or sulfur, 
         R 1  represents (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-haloalkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkynyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-haloalkynyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, halo-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, spiro-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 12 )-bicycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-cyanoalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-cyanoalkenyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl-(C 2 -C 6 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-cyanoalkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl-(C 2 -C 6 )-alkynyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkenyloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-haloalkenyloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkynyloxy-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-haloalkynyloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylthio-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfinyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfonyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylthio-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfinyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfonyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl or tri-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsilyl, 
         R 2 , R 3  independently of one another represent hydrogen, halogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkylsulfonyl or
       represent (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )cyanoalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )cyclo-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )cyanocycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )halo-cycloalkyl, cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl or halogen, spiro-(C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or poly substituted by cyano or halogen or (C 4 -C 12 )bicycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by cyano or halogen,   where one of the radicals R 2  or R 3  must be selected from (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )cyanoalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cyanocycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )halocycloalkyl, cyano(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl or halogen, spiro-(C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by cyano or halogen or (C 4 -C 12 )-bicycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by cyano or halogen,   
     
         R 5  represents hydrogen, halogen, cyano, SF 5 , (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-haloalkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkynyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-haloalkynyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, halo-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-cyanoalkyl, cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylaminosulfonyl or di-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkylaminosulfonyl, and 
         n represents 0, 1 or 2. 
       
    
     It has additionally been found that the compounds of the formula (I) have very good efficacy as pesticides, preferably as insecticides and/or acaricides, and additionally generally have very good plant compatibility, in particular with respect to crop plants. 
     The compounds according to the invention are defined in general terms by the formula (I). 
     Preferred substituents or ranges of the radicals given in the formulae mentioned above and below are illustrated hereinafter: 
     Configuration 2
     A 1  preferably represents N (nitrogen) or C(H),   A 2  preferably represents N (nitrogen) or C(H),   A 3  preferably represents oxygen or sulfur,   R 1  preferably represents (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-haloalkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkynyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-haloalkynyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, halo-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-cyanoalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylthio-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfinyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl or (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfonyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl,   R 2 , R 3  preferably independently of one another represent hydrogen, halogen, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfonyl or
       represent (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-cyanoalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cyanocycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-halocycloalkyl, cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or poly substituted by (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl or halogen, spiro-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by cyano or halogen or (C 4-12 )-bicycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by cyano or halogen,   where one of the radicals R 2  or R 3  must be selected from (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-cyanoalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cyanocycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-halocycloalkyl, cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl or halogen, spiro-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by cyano or halogen or (C 4 -C 12 )-bicycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by cyano or halogen,   
       R 5  preferably represents hydrogen, halogen, cyano, SF 5 , (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-haloalkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkynyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-haloalkynyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, halo-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-cyanoalkyl, cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfonyl or (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfonyl, and n preferably represents 0, 1 or 2.   

     Configuration 3
     A 1  particularly preferably represents N (nitrogen) or C(H),   A 2  particularly preferably represents N (nitrogen) or C(H),   A 3  particularly preferably represents oxygen or sulfur,   R 1  particularly preferably represents (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl or (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl,   R 2  particularly preferably represents hydrogen, halogen, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkoxy, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylthio, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylsulfinyl or (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylsulfonyl,   R 3  particularly preferably represents (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, spiro-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 12 )-bicycloalkyl or cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or disubstituted by alkyl or halogen,   R 5  particularly preferably represents halogen, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkoxy, halo-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-cyanoalkyl, cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfinyl or (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfonyl, and   n particularly preferably represents 0, 1 or 2.   

     Configuration 4
     A 1  very particularly preferably represents N (nitrogen) or C(H),   A 2  very particularly preferably represents N (nitrogen) or C(H),   A 3  very particularly preferably represents oxygen or sulfur,   R 1  very particularly preferably represents (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl or (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl,   R 2  very particularly preferably represents hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl or halogen,   R 3  very particularly preferably represents (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, spiro-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl or cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl,   R 5  very particularly preferably represents halogen, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkoxy, halo-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfinyl or (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfonyl, and   n very particularly preferably represents 0, 1 or 2.   

     Configuration 5-1
     A 1  specifically represents N (nitrogen) or C(H),   A 2  specifically represents N (nitrogen) or C(H),   A 3  specifically represents oxygen or sulfur,   R 1  specifically represents (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl,   R 2  specifically represents hydrogen,   R 3  specifically represents cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl,   R 5  specifically represents (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkoxy, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylthio, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylsulfinyl or (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylsulfonyl, and   n specifically represents 2.   

     Configuration 5-2
     A 1  specifically represents C(H),   A 2  specifically represents C(H),   A 3  specifically represents oxygen,   R 1  specifically represents (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl,   R 2  specifically represents hydrogen,   R 3  specifically represents cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl,   R 5  specifically represents (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkoxy, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylthio, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylsulfinyl or (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylsulfonyl, and   n specifically represents 2.   

     Configuration 6-1
     A 1  especially represents C(H),   A 2  especially represents C(H),   A 3  especially represents oxygen,   R 1  especially represents ethyl,   R 2  especially represents hydrogen,   R 3  especially represents 1-cyanocyclopropyl,   R 5  especially represents trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulfinyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl, and   n especially represents 2.   

     Configuration 6-2
     A 1  especially represents C(H),   A 2  especially represents C(H),   A 3  especially represents oxygen,   R 1  especially represents ethyl,   R 2  especially represents hydrogen,   R 3  especially represents 1-cyanocyclopropyl,   R 5  especially represents pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulfinyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl and   n especially represents 2.   

     Herein below, the term Configuration 5 comprises both Configuration 5-1 and Configuration 5-2, and the term Configuration 6 comprises both Configuration 6-1 and Configuration 6-2. 
     If A 1  represents N (nitrogen) and A 2  represents C(H), the following structure of the formula (I-A) is obtained 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (5) or Configuration (6). 
     If A 1  represents C(H) and A 2  represents N (nitrogen), the following structure of the formula (I-B) is obtained 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (5) or Configuration (6). 
     If A 1  represents N (nitrogen) and A 2  represents N (nitrogen), the following structure of the formula (I-C) is obtained 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (5) or Configuration (6). 
     If A 1  represents C(H) and A 2  represents C(H), the following structure of the formula (I-D) is obtained 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (5) or Configuration (6). 
     Preference according to the invention is given to the compounds of the formula (I-D). 
     Herein below, the term formula (I), of course, also includes the formulae (FA) to (I-D) embraced for formula (I). 
     In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) in which n represents 2 and where A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 5  have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4). 
     In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) in which A 3  represents oxygen or sulfur and where A 1 , A 2 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (5) or Configuration (6). 
     In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) in which A 3  represents oxygen and where A 1 , A 2 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (5). 
     In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) in which 
     R 1  represents (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl or (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl
 
and A 1 , A 2 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (5) or Configuration (6).
 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) in which 
     R 1  represents (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl
 
and A 1 , A 2 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (6).
 
     In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) in which 
     R 1  represents ethyl,
 
and A 1 , A 2 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (5).
 
     In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) in which 
     R 2  represents hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl or halogen
 
and A 1 , A 2 , R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (5) or Configuration (6).
 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) in which 
     R 2  represents hydrogen
 
and A 1 , A 2 , R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4).
 
     In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) in which 
     R 3  represents (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, spiro-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 12 )-bicycloalkyl or cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl which is optionally mono- or disubstituted by alkyl or halogen
 
and A 1 , A 2 , R 2 , R 1 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (5) or Configuration (6).
 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) in which 
     R 3  represents cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl
 
and A 1 , A 2 , R 2 , R 1 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (6).
 
     In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) in which 
     R 3  represents 1-cyanocyclopropyl
 
and A 1 , A 2 , R 2 , R 1 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (5).
 
     In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) in which 
     R 5  represents halogen, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkoxy, halo-(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, cyano-(C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfinyl or (C 1 -C 6 )-haloalkylsulfonyl
 
and A 1 , A 2 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (5) or Configuration (6).
 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) in which 
     R 5  represents (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkoxy, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylthio, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylsulfinyl or (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkylsulfonyl
 
and A 1 , A 2 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (6).
 
     In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) in which R 2  represents hydrogen and R 3  represents 1-cyanocyclopropyl and A 1 , A 2 , R 1 , R 5 , A 3  and n have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (5) or Configuration (6). 
     Particular preference according to the invention is given to compounds of the formula (I′) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     where A 1 , A 2 , A 3  and R 5  have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (5) or Configuration (6). 
     Especially preferred are the compounds of the formula (I-D′) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which R 5  and A 3  have the meanings described in Configuration (1) or Configuration (2) or Configuration (3) or Configuration (4) or Configuration (5) or Configuration (6). 
     In the preferred definitions, unless stated otherwise, halogen is selected from the group of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably in turn from the group of fluorine, chlorine and bromine. 
     In the context of the present invention, unless defined differently elsewhere, the term “alkyl”, either on its own or else in combination with further terms, for example haloalkyl, is understood to mean a radical of a saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 12 carbon atoms and may be branched or unbranched. Examples of C 1 -C 12 -alkyl radicals are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl and n-dodecyl. 
     Among these alkyl radicals, particular preference is given to C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radicals. Particular preference is given to C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals. 
     According to the invention, unless defined differently elsewhere, the term “alkenyl”, either on its own or else in combination with further terms, is understood to mean a straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 12 -alkenyl radical which has at least one double bond, for example vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1,3-pentadienyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl and 1,4-hexadienyl. Among these, preference is given to C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl radicals and particular preference to C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl radicals. 
     According to the invention, unless defined differently elsewhere, the term “alkynyl”, either on its own or else in combination with further terms, is understood to mean a straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 12 -alkynyl radical which has at least one triple bond, for example ethynyl, 1-propynyl and propargyl. Among these, preference is given to C 3 -C 6 -alkynyl radicals and particular preference to C 3 -C 4 -alkynyl radicals. The alkynyl radical may also contain at least one double bond. 
     According to the invention, unless defined differently elsewhere, the term “cycloalkyl”, either on its own or else in combination with further terms, is understood to mean a C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl radical, for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl. Among these, preference is given to C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl radicals. 
     According to the invention, unless defined differently elsewhere, the term “bicycloalkyl”, either on its own or else in combination with further terms, is understood to mean a bicycle, the two rings of which share a single bond. Here, the two cycles may have the same or a different number of carbon atoms. Examples which may be mentioned are bicyclo[1.1.0]butane or bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane. 
     According to the invention, unless defined differently elsewhere, the term “spiro-cycloalkyl-cycloalkyl”, either on its own or else in combination with further terms, is understood to mean a compound in which two cycloalkyl rings are linked via a shared carbon atom. Here, the two cycles may have the same or a different number of carbon atoms. Examples which may be mentioned are spiro[2.2]pentane (spiro-(cyclopropyl)-(cyclopropyl)) or spiro[2.3]hexane (spiro-(cyclopropyl)-(cyclobutyl)). 
     The term “alkoxy”, either on its own or else in combination with further terms, for example haloalkoxy, is understood in the present case to mean an O-alkyl radical, where the term “alkyl” is as defined above. 
     Halogen-substituted radicals, for example haloalkyl, are mono- or polyhalogenated, up to the maximum number of possible substituents. In the case of polyhalogenation, the halogen atoms may be identical or different. Halogen here is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, especially fluorine, chlorine or bromine. 
     Unless stated otherwise, optionally substituted radicals may be mono- or polysubstituted, where the substituents in the case of poly substitutions may be the same or different. 
     The radical definitions or explanations given above in general terms or listed within ranges of preference apply correspondingly to the end products and to the starting materials and intermediates. These radical definitions can be combined with one another as desired, i.e. including combinations between the respective preferred ranges. 
     Preference according to the invention is given to using compounds of the formula (I) which contain a combination of the meanings listed above as being preferred. 
     Particular preference according to the invention is given to using compounds of the formula (I) which contain a combination of the meanings listed above as being particularly preferred. 
     Very particular preference according to the invention is given to using compounds of the formula (I) which contain a combination of the definitions listed above as being very particularly preferred. 
     Most preference according to the invention is given to using compounds of the formula (I) which contain a combination of the meanings listed above as being most preferable. 
     Especially used according to the invention are compounds of the formula (I) which contain a combination of the meanings listed above as being especially emphasized. 
     Depending on the nature of the substituents, the compounds of the formula (I) may take the form of geometric and/or optically active isomers or corresponding isomer mixtures in different compositions. These stereoisomers are, for example, enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers or geometric isomers. The invention therefore encompasses pure stereoisomers and any desired mixtures of these isomers. 
     The compounds of the formula (I) may also be present as salts, in particular acid addition salts and metal salt complexes. The compounds of the formula (I) and their acid addition salts and metal salt complexes have good activity, in particular in the control of animal pests. 
     Suitable salts of the compounds of the general formula (I) which may be mentioned are customary non-toxic salts, i.e. salts with appropriate bases and salts with added acids. 
     Preference is given to salts with inorganic bases, such as alkali metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or cesium salts, alkaline earth metal salts, for example calcium or magnesium salts, ammonium salts, salts with organic bases and also with inorganic amines, for example triethylammonium, dicyclohexylammonium, N,N′-dibenzylethylene-diammonium, pyridinium, picolinium or ethanolammonium salts, salts with inorganic acids, for example hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, dihydrosulfates, trihydrosulfates or phosphates, salts with organic carboxylic acids or organic sulfo acid, for example formates, acetates, trifluoroacetates, maleates, tartrates, methanesulfonates, benzenesulfonates or para-toluenesulfonates, salts with basic amino acids, for example arginates, aspartates or glutamates and the like. 
     The compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention can be obtained by the processes shown in the following schemes: 
     Process A 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The radicals A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 5  have the meanings described above, X 1  represents halogen. R 6  represents (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl. 
     Step a) 
     The compounds of the formula (B) can be prepared by reacting the compounds of the formula (A) with the compounds of the formula (Aa) in the presence of a base. 
     Carboxylic esters of the formula (A) are either commercially available or can be prepared by known methods, for example from 2-aminopyridine derivatives analogously to the processes described in WO2011/41713. 
     Mercaptan derivatives of the formula (Aa), for example methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan or isopropyl mercaptan, are either commercially available or can be prepared by known methods, for example analogously to the processes described in US2006/25633, US2006/111591, U.S. Pat. No. 2,820,062, Chemical Communications, 13 (2000), 1163-1164 or Journal of the American Chemical Society, 44 (1922), p. 1329. 
     The conversion to the compound of the formula (B) can be carried out neat or in a solvent, preference being given to conducting the reaction in a solvent selected from customary solvents that are inert under the prevailing reaction conditions. Preference is given to ethers, for example diisopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tert-butyl methyl ether; nitriles, for example acetonitrile or propionitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene or xylene; aprotic polar solvents, for example N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. 
     Examples of suitable bases are inorganic bases from the group consisting of acetates, phosphates and carbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. Preference is given here to caesium carbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. Further suitable bases are alkali metal hydrides, for example sodium hydride. 
     The reaction can be conducted under reduced pressure, at standard pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of 0° C. to 200° C. 
     In the reaction described, X 1  is preferably a fluorine, bromine or chlorine atom. 
     Step b) 
     The compounds of the formula (C) can be prepared by oxidizing the compounds of the formula (B). The oxidation is generally carried out in a solvent selected from customary solvents which are inert under the prevailing reaction conditions. Preference is given to halogenated hydrocarbons, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene; alcohols such as methanol or ethanol; formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid or water. 
     Examples of suitable oxidizing agents are hydrogen peroxide, meta-chloroperbenzoic acid or sodium periodate. 
     The reaction can be conducted under reduced pressure, at standard pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of from −20° C. to 120° C. 
     Step c) 
     The compounds of the formula (D) can be prepared by oxidizing the compounds of the formula (C). The oxidation is generally carried out in a solvent. Preference is given to halogenated hydrocarbons, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene; alcohols such as methanol or ethanol; formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid or water. 
     Examples of suitable oxidizing agents are hydrogen peroxide and meta-chloroperbenzoic acid. 
     The reaction can be conducted under reduced pressure, at standard pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of from −20° C. to 120° C. 
     Step d) 
     The compounds of the formula (D) can also be prepared in a one-step process by oxidizing the compounds of the formula (B). The oxidation is generally carried out in a solvent. Preference is given to halogenated hydrocarbons, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene; alcohols such as methanol or ethanol; formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid or water. 
     Examples of suitable oxidizing agents are hydrogen peroxide and meta-chloroperbenzoic acid. 
     The reaction can be conducted under reduced pressure, at standard pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of from −20° C. to 120° C. 
     Step e) 
     The compounds of the formula (E) can be prepared by hydrolysing the compounds of the formula (D) in the presence of a base. The hydrolysis is generally conducted in a solvent. 
     Preference is given to alcohols such as methanol or ethanol; water; ethers, for example diisopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tert-butyl methyl ether; nitriles, for example acetonitrile or propionitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene or xylene; aprotic polar solvents, for example N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide; or, if appropriate, mixtures of the solvents mentioned. 
     Examples of suitable bases are inorganic bases from the group consisting of hydroxides, acetates, phosphates and carbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. Preference is given here to sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, caesium carbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. 
     The reaction can be conducted under reduced pressure, at standard pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of −20° C. to 200° C. 
     It is also possible to hydrolyse the compounds of the formula (B) where n=0 or the compounds of the formula (C) where n=1 to give the corresponding acids, followed, after steps f) and g), by further conversions. 
     Step f) 
     The compounds of the formula (F) can be prepared by the reaction of compounds of the formula (G) with carboxylic acids of the formula (E) in the presence of a condensing agent or a base. 
     The reaction of the compounds of the formula (G) with carboxylic acids of the formula (E) can be carried out neat or in a solvent, preference being given to conducting the reaction in a solvent selected from customary solvents that are inert under the prevailing reaction conditions. Preference is given to ethers, for example diisopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxy ethane; halogenated hydrocarbons, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene; nitriles, for example acetonitrile or propionitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene or xylene; aprotic polar solvents, for example N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone, or nitrogen compounds, for example pyridine. 
     The compounds of the formula (G) are either commercially available or can be prepared by known methods, for example analogously to the processes described in US2003/69257, WO2006/65703, WO2009/131237, WO2010/125985, WO2011/043404, WO2011/040629, WO2012/086848, WO2013/018928 or WO2015/000715. 
     Suitable condensing agents are, for example, carbodiimides such as 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride. 
     Suitable bases are inorganic bases which are typically used in such reactions. Preference is given to using bases selected by way of example from the group consisting of acetates, phosphates, carbonates and bicarbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. 
     Particular preference is given here to sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, caesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate. Further suitable bases are alkali metal hydrides, for example sodium hydride. 
     The reaction can be carried out under reduced pressure, at standard pressure or under elevated pressure and at temperatures of 0° C. to 180° C.; with preference, the reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 20 to 140° C. 
     Step g) 
     The compounds of the formula (I) can be prepared by condensing the compounds of the formula (F), for example analogously to the processes described in WO2009/131237, WO2011/043404, WO2011/040629, WO2012/086848, WO2013/018928, WO2015/000715 or WO 2015/121136. 
     The conversion to compounds of the formula (I) can be carried out neat or in a solvent, preference being given to conducting the reaction in a solvent selected from customary solvents that are inert under the prevailing reaction conditions. Preference is given to ethers, for example diisopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tert-butyl methyl ether; halogenated hydrocarbons, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene; nitriles, for example acetonitrile or propionitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene or xylene; aprotic polar solvents, for example N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone, or nitrogenous compounds, for example pyridine. 
     The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a condensing agent, an acid, a base or a chlorinating agent. 
     Examples of suitable condensing agents are carbodiimides such as l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) or 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride; a mixture of triphenylphosphine, a base and carbon tetrachloride, or a mixture of triphenylphosphine and an azo diester, for example diethylazodicarboxylic acid. 
     Examples of suitable acids which can be used in the reaction described are sulfonic acids such as para-toluenesulfonic acid; carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, or polyphosphoric acids. 
     Examples of suitable bases are nitrogenous heterocycles such as pyridine, picoline, 2,6-lutidine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (DBU); tertiary amines such as triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine; inorganic bases such as potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate and sodium hydride. 
     An example of a suitable chlorinating agent is phosphorus oxychloride. 
     The reaction can be carried out under reduced pressure, at atmospheric pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of 0° C. to 200° C. 
     Process B 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5  and n have the meanings described above, A 2  and A 3  represent CH or N, A 3  represents O or S and X 1  and X 2  represent halogen. 
     Step a) 
     The reaction of the compounds of the formula (H) with carboxylic acids of the formula (E) can be carried out neat or in a solvent; preferably, the reaction is carried out in a solvent selected from customary solvents which are inert under the prevailing reaction conditions. Preference is given to ethers such as, for example, diisopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane; halogenated hydrocarbons such as, for example, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene; nitriles such as, for example, acetonitrile or propionitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons such as, for example toluene or xylene, aprotic polar solvents such as, for example, N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone, or nitrogen-containing compounds such as, for example, pyridine. 
     The compounds of the formula (H) are either commercially available or can be prepared by known methods, for example analogously to the processes described in US2003/069257, US2012/0319050, WO2011/107998 or WO2010/91310. 
     Suitable condensing agents are, for example, carbodiimides such as l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), 1,3-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride. 
     Suitable bases are inorganic bases customarily used in such reactions. Preference is given to using bases selected, for example, from the group consisting of acetates, phosphates, carbonates and bicarbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. Particular preference is given here to sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, caesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate. Further suitable bases are alkali metal hydrides such as, for example, sodium hydride. 
     The reaction can be carried out under reduced pressure, at atmospheric pressure or under superatmospheric pressure and at temperatures of from 0° C. to 180° C.; preferably, the reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 20 to 140° C. 
     Step b) 
     Thioamides of the formula (K) can be prepared from the carboxamides of the formula (F) by reaction with a sulfurizing agent, for example Lawesson&#39;s reagent or P 4 S 10 . 
     Step c) 
     Compounds of the formula (I), where n represents 0, can be prepared by condensation of the compounds of the formula (F) or (K) in the presence of a base, for example analogously to the processes described in Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry (2013), 21, 5480-5487, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry (2014), 12, 9696-9701, Organic Letters (2012), 14, 98-101, Medicinal Chemistry (2011), 7, 127-134, WO2016/33445, WO2016/71499 or US2017/298081. 
     The conversion into compounds of the formula (1), where n represents 0, can be carried out neat or in a solvent; preferably, the reaction is carried out in a solvent selected from customary solvents which are inert under the prevailing reaction conditions. Preference is given to ethers such as, for example, diisopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tert-butyl methyl ether; halogenated hydrocarbons such as, for example, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene; nitriles such as, for example, acetonitrile or propionitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons such as, for example toluene or xylene, aprotic polar solvents such as, for example, N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone, or nitrogen-containing compounds such as, for example, pyridine. 
     Suitable bases are inorganic bases customarily used in such reactions. Preference is given to using bases selected, for example, from the group consisting of acetates, phosphates, carbonates and bicarbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. Particular preference is given here to sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, caesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate. 
     Suitable for use as catalysts for the reaction are copper salts, for example copper(I) iodide, or copper oxides such as, for example, copper(II) oxide, ruthenium salts such as, for example, tris(2,2-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate or potassium salts such as, for example, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III). 
     The reaction can be carried out under reduced pressure, at atmospheric pressure or under superatmospheric pressure and at temperatures of from 0° C. to 200° C. 
     The oxidation to the compounds of the formula (I) where n represents 2 is carried out analogously to process A. 
     Process C 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The radicals A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , R 1 , R 2  and R 5  have the meanings described above, X 1  represents halogen. 
     Step a) 
     Compounds of the formula (N) can be prepared by cyanomethylation of the compounds of the formula (L) with the compound of the formula (M) in the presence of a catalyst, a ligand and a base, for example by the process described in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 9330, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 15824 or WO2016/041819. 
     The compound of the formula (M) is commercially available. 
     The conversion to compounds of the formula (N) is generally carried out in a solvent. 
     Preference is given to aprotic polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. 
     Suitable for use as catalyst are palladium complexes, for example tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(O) or [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]-dichloropalladium(II), and the ligands employed are generally organophosphane compounds, for example bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (xanthphos). 
     A suitable base is, for example, zinc fluoride. 
     The reaction can be carried out under reduced pressure, at atmospheric pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of 0° C. to 200° C. 
     Alternatively, the cyanomethylation can also be carried out by Suzuki coupling, for example by the process described in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 6948-6951. 
     Step b) 
     Compounds of the formula (I), where n represents 2, can be prepared, for example, by reacting the compounds of the formula (N) with compounds of the formula (O) in the presence of a base, for example by the processes described in WO2016/041819. 
     The compounds of the formula (O) are commercially available. 
     The conversion to compounds of the formula (I), where n represents 2, is generally carried out in a solvent. Preference is given to halogenated hydrocarbons, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene, aprotic polar solvents, for example acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, nitriles, for example acetonitrile, or esters, for example ethyl acetate. 
     Examples of suitable bases are nitrogenous heterocycles such as pyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (DBU); tertiary amines such as triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine; inorganic bases such as potassium phosphate, caesium carbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium hydride. 
     The reaction can be carried out under reduced pressure, at atmospheric pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of 0° C. to 200° C. 
     The corresponding compounds where n=0 or n=1 can be prepared analogously. 
     Process D 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The radicals R 1  and n have the meanings described above, X and X 1  represent Cl, Br or I, R 7  represents (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl and q represents 1 or 2. 
     Step a) 
     The compounds of the formula (R) can be prepared in analogy to the processes described in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 29 (1994) 279-286; WO2006/71752; WO2012/80232; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 57 (2014), 4196-4212; WO2012/143599; WO2015/48245 and WO2006/18725 by reacting the compounds of the formula (P) with a suitable carbonyl compound, for example a bromopyruvate derivative of the formula (Q), at room temperature or under thermal conditions in a suitable solvent, for example ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or dimethylformamide. 
     The bromopyruvate derivatives of the formula (Q) are commercially available. The compounds of the formula (P) are either commercially available or can be prepared by known methods, for example analogously to the processes described in Chemical Communications, 44 (2010), 925-927; Journal of the American Chemical Society, 68 (1946), 453-457; WO2009/29625; Journal of the American Chemical Society, 137 (2015), 8388-8391; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 57 (2014), 4196-4212, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 55 (1972), 565-568 and Synthesis, 9 (1985), 884-886. 
     Step b) 
     The compounds of the formula (S) can be prepared from compounds of the formula (R), for example analogously to the processes described in WO2008/36216, WO2004/22561, WO2006/23707, WO2006/133006, WO2014/60375, US2004/23981 or EP3018125. 
     The conversion to compounds of the formula (S) can be carried out neat or in a solvent, preference being given to conducting the reaction in a solvent selected from customary solvents that are inert under the prevailing reaction conditions. Preference is given to ethers, for example diisopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tert-butyl methyl ether; halogenated hydrocarbons, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene; nitriles, for example acetonitrile or propionitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene or xylene; aprotic polar solvents, for example N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone, or nitrogen compounds, for example pyridine. 
     The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a chlorinating agent and optionally a base. 
     Examples of suitable chlorinating agents are thionyl chloride, methanesulfonyl chloride or phosphoryl chloride. 
     Examples of suitable bases are nitrogenous heterocycles such as pyridine, picoline, 2,6-lutidine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (DBU); tertiary amines such as triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine; inorganic bases such as potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate and sodium hydroxide. 
     The reaction can be conducted under reduced pressure, at standard pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of 0° C. to 200° C. 
     Step c) 
     The compounds of the formula (T) can be prepared by substitution from compounds of the formula (S), for example analogously to the processes described in US2014/57914, EP2036905, J. Agric. Food Chem. 2017, 65, 1272-1280, WO2009/114180, or Tetrahedron 2005, 6115. 
     The conversion to compounds of the formula (T) can be carried out neat or in a solvent, preference being given to conducting the reaction in a solvent selected from customary solvents that are inert under the prevailing reaction conditions. Preference is given to polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or N,N-dimethylformamide or acetonitrile. 
     The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a cyanating agent. 
     Examples of suitable cyanating agents are sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide. 
     The reaction can be conducted under reduced pressure, at standard pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of 0° C. to 200° C. 
     Step d) Compounds of the formula (V) can be prepared, for example, by reacting the compounds of the formula (T) with compounds of the formula (U) in the presence of a base, for example by the processes described in WO2016/041819. 
     The compounds of the formula (U) are commercially available. 
     The conversion to compounds of the formula (V) is generally carried out in a solvent. 
     Preference is given to halogenated hydrocarbons, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene, aprotic polar solvents, for example acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, nitriles, for example acetonitrile, or esters, for example ethyl acetate. 
     Examples of suitable bases are nitrogenous heterocycles such as pyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (DBU); tertiary amines such as triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine; inorganic bases such as potassium phosphate, caesium carbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium hydride. 
     The reaction can be carried out under reduced pressure, at atmospheric pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of 0° C. to 200° C. 
     Step e) 
     Compounds of the formula (W) can be prepared by known methods from compounds of the formula (V) via halogenation in analogy to the processes described in WO2009/23179, WO2010/91411, WO2011/41713 and Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 22 (2012), 3460-3466, for example with N-chlorosuccinimide as halogenating agent in dimethylformamide as solvent. 
     Step f) 
     The compounds of the formula (X) can be prepared by reacting the compounds of the formula (W) with the compounds of the formula (Aa) in the presence of a base. 
     Mercaptan derivatives of the formula (Aa), for example methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan or isopropyl mercaptan, are either commercially available or can be prepared by known methods, for example analogously to the processes described in US2006/25633, US2006/111591, U.S. Pat. No. 2,820,062, Chemical Communications, 13 (2000), 1163-1164 or Journal of the American Chemical Society, 44 (1922), p. 1329. 
     The conversion to the compound of the formula (X) can be carried out neat or in a solvent, preference being given to conducting the reaction in a solvent selected from customary solvents that are inert under the prevailing reaction conditions. Preference is given to ethers, for example diisopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tert-butyl methyl ether; nitriles, for example acetonitrile or propionitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene or xylene; aprotic polar solvents, for example N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. 
     Examples of suitable bases are inorganic bases from the group consisting of acetates, phosphates and carbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. Preference is given here to caesium carbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. Further suitable bases are alkali metal hydrides, for example sodium hydride. 
     Step g) 
     The compounds of the formula (Y) can be prepared by oxidizing the compounds of the formula (X). The oxidation is generally carried out in a solvent. Preference is given to halogenated hydrocarbons, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene; alcohols such as methanol or ethanol; formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid or water. 
     Examples of suitable oxidizing agents are hydrogen peroxide and meta-chloroperbenzoic acid. 
     The reaction can be conducted under reduced pressure, at standard pressure or under elevated pressure, and at temperatures of from −20° C. to 120° C. 
     Step h) The esters of the formula (Y) can be converted to the acid of the formula (Z) by standard methods (cf. DE 2221647 and WO2011/41713), for example with an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide as base in an alcohol as solvent, for example ethanol or a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water. 
     Methods and uses 
     The invention also relates to methods for controlling animal pests, in which compounds of the formula (I) are allowed to act on animal pests and/or their habitat. The control of the animal pests is preferably carried out in agriculture and forestry, and in material protection. This preferably excludes methods for surgical or therapeutic treatment of the human or animal body and diagnostic methods carried out on the human or animal body. 
     The invention further relates to the use of the compounds of the formula (I) as pesticides, especially crop protection agents. 
     In the context of the present application, the term “pesticide” in each case also always encompasses the term “crop protection composition”. 
     The compounds of the formula (I), given good plant tolerance, favourable homeotherm toxicity and good environmental compatibility, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs against biotic and abiotic stress factors, for increasing harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material and for controlling animal pests, especially insects, arachnids, helminths, especially nematodes and molluscs, which are encountered in agriculture, in horticulture, in animal husbandry, in aquatic cultures, in forests, in gardens and leisure facilities, in the protection of stored products and of materials, and in the hygiene sector. 
     In the context of the present patent application, the term “hygiene” should be understood to mean any and all measures, provisions and procedures which have the aim of preventing diseases, especially infection diseases, and which serve to protect the health of humans and animals and/or protect the environment and/or maintain cleanliness. 
     According to the invention, this especially includes measures for cleaning, disinfection and sterilization, for example of textiles or hard surfaces, especially surfaces made of glass, wood, cement, porcelain, ceramic, plastic or else metal(s), in order to ensure that these are free of hygiene pests and/or their secretions. The scope of protection of the invention in this regard preferably excludes surgical or therapeutic treatment procedures to be applied to the human body or the bodies of animals, and diagnostic procedures which are carried out on the human body or the bodies of animals. 
     The term “hygiene sector” covers all areas, technical fields and industrial applications in which these hygiene measures, provisions and procedures are important, for example with regard to hygiene in kitchens, bakeries, airports, bathrooms, swimming pools, department stores, hotels, hospitals, stables, animal keeping, etc. 
     The term “hygiene pest” should therefore be understood to mean one or more animal pests whose presence in the hygiene sector is problematic, especially for reasons of health. A main aim is therefore that of avoiding, or limiting to a minimum, the presence of hygiene pests and/or the exposure to these in the hygiene sector. This can especially be achieved through the use of a pesticide which can be used both for prevention of infestation and for prevention of an existing infestation. It is also possible to use formulations which prevent or reduce exposure to pests. Hygiene pests include, for example, the organisms mentioned below. 
     The term “hygiene protection” thus covers all acts by which these hygiene measures, provisions and procedures are maintained and/or improved. 
     The compounds of the formula (I) can preferably be used as pesticides. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and also against all or specific stages of development. The aforementioned pests include: 
     pests from the phylum of the Arthropoda, especially from the class of the Arachnida, for example  Acarus  spp., e.g.  Acarus siro, Aceria kuko, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops  spp.,  Aculus  spp., e.g.  Aculus fockeui, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma  spp.,  Amphitetranychus viennensis, Argas  spp.,  Boophilus  spp.,  Brevipalpus  spp., e.g.  Brevipalpus phoenicis, Bryobia graminum, Bryobia praetiosa, Centruroides  spp.,  Chorioptes  spp.,  Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermacentor  spp.,  Eotetranychus  spp., e.g.  Eotetranychus hicoriae, Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus  spp., e.g.  Eutetranychus banksi, Eriophyes  spp., e.g.  Eriophyes pyri, Glycyphagus domesticus, Halotydeus destructor, Hemitarsonemus  spp., e.g.  Hemitarsonemus latus  (= Polyphagotarsonemus latus ),  Hyalomma  spp.,  Ixodes  spp.,  Latrodectus  spp.,  Loxosceles  spp.,  Neutrombicula autumnalis, Nuphersa  spp.,  Oligonychus  spp., e.g.  Oligonychus coffeae, Oligonychus coniferarum, Oligonychus ilicis, Oligonychus indicus, Oligonychus mangiferus, Oligonychus pratensis, Oligonychus punicae, Oligonychus yothersi, Ornithodorus  spp.,  Ornithonyssus  spp.,  Panonychus  spp., e.g.  Panonychus citri  (= Metatetranychus citri ),  Panonychus ulmi  (= Metatetranychus ulmi ),  Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Platytetranychus multidigituli, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes  spp.,  Rhipicephalus  spp.,  Rhizoglyphus  spp.,  Sarcoptes  spp.,  Scorpio maurus, Steneotarsonemus  spp.,  Steneotarsonemus  spinki,  Tarsonemus  spp., e.g.  Tarsonemus confusus, Tarsonemus pallidus, Tetranychus  spp., e.g.  Tetranychus canadensis, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus turkestani, Tetranychus urticae, Trombicula alfreddugesi, Vaejovis  spp.,  Vasates lycopersici;  
 
from the class of the Chilopoda, for example  Geophilus  spp.,  Scutigera  spp.;
 
from the order or the class of the Collembola, for example  Onychiurus armatus; Sminthurus viridis;  
 
from the class of the Diplopoda, for example  Blaniulus guttulatus;  
 
from the class of the Insecta, for example from the order of the Blattodea, e.g.  Blatta orientalis, Blattella asahinai, Blattella germanica, Leucophaea maderae, Loboptera decipiens, Neostylopyga rhombifolia, Panchlora  spp.,  Parcoblatta  spp.,  Periplaneta  spp., e.g.  Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, Supella longipalpa;  
 
from the order of the Coleoptera, for example  Acalymma vittatum, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adoretus  spp.,  Aethina tumida, Agelastica alni, Agrilus  spp., for example  Agrilus planipennis, Agrilus coxalis, Agrilus bilineatus, Agrilus anxius, Agriotes  spp., for example  Agriotes linneatus, Agriotes mancus, Alphitobius diaperinus, Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora  spp., for example  Anoplophora glabripennis, Anthonomus  spp., for example  Anthonomus grundis, Anthrenus  spp.,  Apion  spp.,  Apogonia  spp.,  Atomaria  spp., for example  Atomaria linearis, Attagenus  spp.,  Baris caerulescens, Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus  spp., for example  Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus rufimanus, Cassida  spp.,  Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceutorrhynchus  spp., for example  Ceutorrhynchus assimilis, Ceutorrhynchus quadridens, Ceutorrhynchus rapae, Chaetocnema  spp., for example  Chaetocnema confinis, Chaetocnema denticulata, Chaetocnema ectypa, Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus  spp.,  Cosmopolites  spp., for example  Cosmopolites sordidus, Costelytra zealundica, Ctenicera  spp.,  Curculio  spp., for example  Curculio caryae, Curculio caryatrypes, Curculio obtusus, Curculio sayi, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Cryptorhynchus mangiferae, Cylindrocopturus  spp.,  Cylindrocopturus adspersus, Cylindrocopturus furnissi, Dendroctonus  spp., for example  Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dermestes  spp.,  Diabrotica  spp., for example  Diabrotica balteata, Diabrotica barberi, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Diabrotica virgifera zeae, Dichocrocis  spp.,  Dicladispa armigera, Diloboderus  spp.,  Epicaerus  spp.,  Epilachna  spp., for example  Epilachna borealis, Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix  spp., for example  Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix fuscula, Epitrix hirtipennis, Epitrix subcrinita, Epitrix tuberis, Faustinus  spp.,  Gibbium psylloides, Gnathocerus cornutus, Hellula undalis, Heteronychus arator, Heteronyx  spp.,  Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypomeces squamosus, Hypothenemus  spp., for example  Hypothenemus hampei, Hypothenemus obscurus, Hypothenemus pubescens, Lachnosterna consanguinea, Lasioderma serricome, Latheticus oryzae, Lathridius  spp.,  Lema  spp.,  Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Leucoptera  spp., for example  Leucoptera coffeella, Limonius ectypus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Listronotus  (=Hyperodes) spp.,  Lixus  spp.,  Luperodes  spp.,  Luperomorpha xanthodera, Lyctus  spp.,  Megacyllene  spp., for example  Megacyllene robiniae, Megascelis  spp.,  Melanotus  spp., for example  Melanotus longulus oregonensis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha  spp., for example  Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus  spp.,  Monochamus  spp.,  Naupactus xanthographus, Necrobia  spp.,  Neogalerucella  spp.,  Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Oryzaphagus oryzae, Otiorhynchus  spp., for example  Otiorhynchus cribricollis, Otiorhynchus ligustici, Otiorhynchus ovatus, Otiorhynchus rugosostriarus, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, Oulema  spp., for example  Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga  spp.,  Phyllophaga helleri, Phyllotreta  spp., for example  Phyllotreta armoraciae, Phyllotreta pusilla, Phyllotreta ramosa, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes  spp.,  Prostephanus truncatus, Psylliodes  spp., for example  Psylliodes affinis, Psylliodes chrysocephala, Psylliodes punctulata, Ptinus  spp.,  Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Rhynchophorus  spp.,  Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Rhynchophorus palmarum, Scolytus  spp., for example  Scolytus multistriatus, Sinoxylon perforans, Sitophilus  spp., for example  Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus linearis, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Sphenophorus  spp.,  Stegobium paniceum, Sternechus  spp., for example  Sternechus paludatus, Symphyletes  spp.,  Tanymecus  spp., for example  Tanymecus dilaticollis, Tanymecus indicus, Tanymecus palliatus, Tenebrio molitor, Tenebrioides mauretanicus, Tribolium  spp., for example  Tribolium audax, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Trogoderma  spp.,  Tychius  spp.,  Xylotrechus  spp.,  Zabrus  spp., for example  Zabrus tenebrioides;  
 
from the order of the Dermaptera, for example Anisolabis maritime,  Forficula auricularia, Labidura riparia;  
 
from the order of the Diptera, for example  Aedes  spp., for example  Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes sticticus, Aedes vexans, Agromyza  spp., for example  Agromyza frontella, Agromyza parvicornis, Anastrepha  spp.,  Anopheles  spp., for example  Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Anopheles gambiae, Asphondylia  spp.,  Bactrocera  spp., for example  Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera oleae, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chironomus  spp.,  Chrysomya  spp.,  Chrysops  spp.,  Chrysozona pluvialis, Cochliomya  spp.,  Contarinia  spp., for example  Contarinia johnsoni, Contarinia nasturtii, Contarinia pyrivora, Contarinia schulzi, Contarinia sorghicola, Contarinia tritici, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Cricotopus sylvestris, Culex  spp., for example  Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culicoides  spp.,  Culiseta  spp.,  Cuterebra  spp.,  Dacus oleae, Dasineura  spp., for example  Dasineura brassicae, Delia  spp., for example  Delia antiqua, Delia coarctata, Delia florilega, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila  spp., for example  Drosphila melanogaster, Drosophila suzukii, Echinocnemus  spp.,  Euleia heraclei, Fannia  spp.,  Gasterophilus  spp.,  Glossina  spp.,  Haematopota  spp.,  Hydrellia  spp.,  Hydrellia griseola, Hylemya  spp.,  Hippobosca  spp.,  Hypoderma  spp.,  Liriomyza  spp., for example  Liriomyza brassicae, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae, Lucilia  spp., for example  Lucilia cuprina, Lutzomyia  spp.,  Mansonia  spp.,  Musca  spp., for example  Musca domestica, Musca domestica vicina, Oestrus  spp.,  Oscinella frit, Paratanytarsus  spp.,  Paralauterbomiella subcincta, Pegomya  or  Pegomyia  spp., for example  Pegomya betae, Pegomya hyoscyami, Pegomya rubivora, Phlebotomus  spp.,  Phorbia  spp.,  Phormia  spp.,  Piophila casei, Platyparea poeciloptera, Prodiplosis  spp.,  Psila rosae, Rhagoletis  spp., for example  Rhagoletis cingulata, Rhagoletis completa, Rhagoletis fausta, Rhagoletis indifferens, Rhagoletis mendax, Rhagoletis pomonella, Sarcophaga  spp.,  Simulium  spp., for example  Simulium meridionale, Stomoxys  spp.,  Tabanus  spp.,  Tetanops  spp.,  Tipula  spp., for example  Tipula paludosa, Tipula simplex, Toxotrypana curvicauda;  
 
from the order of the Hemiptera, for example  Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae, Acizzia dodonaeae, Acizzia uncatoides, Acrida turrita, Acyrthosipon  spp., e.g.  Acyrthosiphon pisum, Acrogonia  spp.,  Aeneolamia  spp.,  Agonoscena  spp.,  Aleurocanthus  spp.,  Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Allocaridara malayensis, Amrasca  spp., e.g.  Amrasca bigutulla, Amrasca devastans, Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella  spp., e.g.  Aonidiella aurantii, Aonidiella citrina, Aonidiella inornata, Aphanostigma piri, Aphis  spp., e.g.  Aphis citricola, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis glycines, Aphis gossypii, Aphis hederae, Aphis illinoisensis, Aphis middletoni, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis nerii, Aphis pomi, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis viburniphila, Arboridia apicalis, Arytainilla  spp.,  Aspidiella  spp.,  Aspidiotus  spp., e.g.  Aspidiotus nerii, Atanus  spp.,  Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia tabaci, Blastopsylla occidentalis, Boreioglycaspis melaleucae, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycolus  spp.,  Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla  spp., e.g.  Cacopsylla pyricola, Calligypona marginata, Capulinia  spp.,  Cameocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes  spp.,  Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chondracris rosea, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus aonidum, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus  spp., e.g.  Coccus hesperidum, Coccus longulus, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum, Coccus viridis, Cryptomyzus ribis, Cryptoneossa  spp.,  Ctenarytaina  spp.,  Dalbulus  spp.,  Dialeurodes chittendeni, Dialeurodes citri, Diaphorina citri, Diaspis  spp.,  Diuraphis  spp.,  Doralis  spp.,  Drosicha  spp.,  Dysaphis  spp., e.g.  Dysaphis apiifolia, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis tulipae, Dysmicoccus  spp.,  Empoasca  spp., e.g.  Empoasca abrupta, Empoasca fabae, Empoasca maligna, Empoasca solana, Empoasca stevensi, Eriosoma  spp., e.g.  Eriosoma americanum, Eriosoma lanigerum, Eriosoma pyricola, Erythroneura  spp.,  Eucalyptolyma  spp.,  Euphyllura  spp.,  Euscelis bilobatus, Ferrisia  spp.,  Fiorinia  spp.,  Furcaspis oceanica, Geococcus coffeae, Glycaspis  spp.,  Heteropsylla cubana, Heteropsylla spinulosa, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Hyalopterus pruni, Icerya  spp., e.g.  Icerya purchasi, Idiocerus  spp.,  Idioscopus  spp.,  Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium  spp., e.g.  Lecanium comi  (= Parthenolecanium corni ),  Lepidosaphes  spp., e.g.  Lepidosaphes ulmi, Lipaphis erysimi, Lopholeucaspis japonica, Lycorma delicatula, Macrosiphum  spp., e.g.  Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum lilii, Macrosiphum rosae, Macrosteles facifrons, Mahanarva  spp.,  Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella  spp.,  Metcalfa pruinosa, Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus  spp., e.g.  Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus ligustri, Myzus ornatus, Myzus persicae, Myzus nicotianae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Neomaskellia  spp.,  Nephotettix  spp., e.g.  Nephotettix cincticeps, Nephotettix nigropictus, Nettigoniclla spectra, Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia  spp.,  Orthezia praelonga, Oxya chinensis, Pachypsylla  spp.,  Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza  spp., e.g.  Paratrioza cockerelli, Parlatoria  spp.,  Pemphigus  spp., e.g.  Pemphigus bursarius, Pemphigus populivenae, Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella  spp.,  Phenacoccus  spp., e.g.  Phenacoccus madeirensis, Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera  spp., e.g.  Phylloxera devastatrix, Phylloxera notabilis, Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus  spp., e.g.  Planococcus citri, Prosopidopsylla flava, Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus  spp., e.g.  Pseudococcus calceolariae, Pseudococcus comstocki, Pseudococcus longispinus, Pseudococcus maritimus, Pseudococcus viburni, Psyllopsis  spp.,  Psylla  spp., e.g.  Psylla buxi, Psylla mali, Psylla pyri, Pteromalus  spp.,  Pulvinaria  spp.,  Pyrilla  spp.,  Quadraspidiotus  spp., e.g.  Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae, Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus  spp.,  Rhopalosiphum  spp., e.g.  Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale, Saissetia  spp., e.g.  Saissetia coffeae, Saissetia miranda, Saissetia neglecta, Saissetia oleae, Scaphoideus titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sipha flava, Sitobion avenae, Sogata  spp.,  Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes  spp.,  Stictocephala festina, Siphoninus phillyreae, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tetragonocephela  spp.,  Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis  spp.,  Toxoptera  spp., e.g.  Toxoptera aurantii, Toxoptera citricidus, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza  spp., e.g.  Trioza diospyri, Typhlocyba  spp.,  Unaspis  spp.,  Viteus vitifolii, Zygina  spp.;
 
from the suborder of the Heteroptera, for example  Aelia  spp.,  Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis  spp.,  Boisea  spp.,  Blissus  spp.,  Calocoris  spp.,  Campylomma livida, Cavelerius  spp.,  Cimex  spp., e.g.  Cimex adjunctus, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Cimex pilosellus, Collaria  spp.,  Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus  spp.,  Euschistus  spp., e.g.  Euschistus heros, Euschistus servus, Euschistus tristigmus, Euschistus variolarius, Eurydema  spp.,  Eurygaster  spp.,  Halyomorpha halys, Heliopeltis  spp.,  Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa  spp.,  Leptocorisa varicornis, Leptoglossus occidentalis, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygocoris  spp., e.g.  Lygocoris pabulinus, Lygus  spp., e.g.  Lygus elisus, Lygus hesperus, Lygus lineolaris, Macropes excavatus, Megacopta cribraria, Miridae, Monalonion atratum, Nezara  spp., e.g.  Nezara viridula, Nysius  spp.,  Oebalus  spp.,  Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus  spp., e.g.  Piezodorus guildinii, Psallus  spp.,  Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius  spp.,  Sahlbergella singularis, Scaptocoris castanea, Scotinophora  spp.,  Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca  spp.,  Triatoma  spp.;
 
from the order of the Hymenoptera, for example  Acromyrmex  spp.,  Athalia  spp., e.g.  Athalia rosae, Atta  spp.,  Camponotus  spp.,  Dolichovespula  spp.,  Diprion  spp., e.g.  Diprion similis, Hoplocampa  spp., e.g.  Hoplocampa cookei, Hoplocampa testudinea, Lasius  spp.,  Linepithema  (Iridiomyrmex)  humile, Monomorium pharaonis, Paratrechina  spp.,  Paravespula  spp.,  Plagiolepis  spp.,  Sirex  spp., e.g.  Sirex noctilio, Solenopsis invicta, Tapinoma  spp.,  Technomyrmex albipes, Urocerus  spp.,  Vespa  spp., e.g.  Vespa crabro, Wasmannia auropunctata, Xeris  spp.;
 
from the order of the Isopoda, for example  Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber;  
 
from the order of the Isoptera, for example  Coptotermes  spp., e.g.  Coptotermes formosanus, Comitermes cumulans, Cryptotermes  spp.,  Incisitermes  spp.,  Kalotermes  spp.,  Microtermes obesi, Nasutitermes  spp.,  Odontotermes  spp.,  Porotermes  spp.,  Reticulitermes  spp., e.g.  Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes hesperus;  
 
from the order of the Lepidoptera, for example  Achroia grisella, Acronicta major, Adoxophyes  spp., e.g.  Adoxophyes orana, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis  spp., e.g.  Agrotis segetum, Agrotis ipsilon, Alabama  spp., e.g.  Alabama argillacea, Amyelois transitella, Anarsia  spp.,  Anticarsia  spp., e.g.  Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyroploce  spp.,  Autographa  spp.,  Barathra brassicae, Blastodacna atra, Borbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Busseola  spp.,  Cacoecia  spp.,  Caloptilia theivora, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Carposina niponensis, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo  spp., e.g.  Chilo plejadellus, Chilo suppressalis, Choreutis pariana, Choristoneura  spp.,  Chrysodeixis chalcites, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus  spp.,  Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cnephasia  spp.,  Conopomorpha  spp.,  Conotrachelus  spp.,  Copitarsia  spp.,  Cydia  spp., e.g.  Cydia nigricana, Cydia pomonella, Dalaca noctuides, Diaphania  spp.,  Diparopsis  spp.,  Diatraea saccharalis, Dioryctria  spp., e.g.  Dioryctria zimmermani, Earias  spp.,  Ecdytolopha aurantium, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eldana saccharina, Ephestia  spp., e.g.  Ephestia elutella, Ephestia kuehniella, Epinotia  spp.,  Epiphyas postvittana, Erannis  spp.,  Erschoviella musculana, Etiella  spp.,  Eudocima  spp.,  Eulia  spp.,  Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis  spp., e.g.  Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa  spp.,  Feltia  spp.,  Galleria mellonella, Gracillaria  spp.,  Grapholitha  spp., e.g.  Grapholita molesta, Grapholita prunivora, Hedylepta  spp.,  Helicoverpa  spp., e.g.  Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis  spp., e.g.  Heliothis virescens Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homoeosoma  spp.,  Homona  spp.,  Hyponomeuta padella, Kakivoria flavofasciata, Lampides  spp.,  Laphygma  spp.,  Laspeyresia molesta, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoptera  spp., e.g.  Leucoptera coffeella, Lithocolletis  spp., e.g.  Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Lobesia  spp., e.g.  Lobesia botrana, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria  spp., e.g.  Lymantria dispar, Lyonetia  spp., e.g.  Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Maruca testulalis, Mamestra brassicae, Melanitis leda, Mocis  spp.,  Monopis obviella, Mythimna separata, Nemapogon cloacellus, Nymphula  spp.,  Oiketicus  spp.,  Omphisa  spp.,  Operophtera  spp.,  Oria  spp.,  Orthaga  spp.,  Ostrinia  spp., e.g.  Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Parnara  spp.,  Pectinophora  spp., e.g.  Pectinophora gossypiella, Perileucoptera  spp.,  Phthorimaea  spp., e.g.  Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Phyllonorycter  spp., e.g.  Phyllonorycter blancardella, Phyllonorycter crataegella, Pieris  spp., e.g.  Pieris rapae, Platynota stultana, Plodia interpunctella, Plusia  spp.,  Plutella xylostella  (= Plutella maculipennis ),  Podesia  spp., e.g.  Podesia syringae, Prays  spp.,  Prodenia  spp.,  Protoparce  spp.,  Pseudaletia  spp., e.g.  Pseudaletia unipuncta, Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Rachiplusia nu, Schoenobius  spp., e.g.  Schoenobius bipunctifer, Scirpophaga  spp., e.g.  Scirpophaga innotata, Scotia segetum, Sesamia  spp., e.g.  Sesamia inferens, Sparganothis  spp.,  Spodoptera  spp., e.g.  Spodoptera eradiana, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera praefica, Stathmopoda  spp.,  Stenoma  spp.,  Stomopteryx subsecivella, Synanthedon  spp.,  Tecia solanivora, Thaumetopoea  spp.,  Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix  spp.,  Trichophaga tapetzella, Trichoplusia  spp., for example  Trichoplusia ni, Tryporyza incertulas, Tuta absoluta, Virachola  spp.;
 
from the order of the Orthoptera or Saltatoria, for example  Acheta domesticus, Dichroplus  spp.,  Gryllotalpa  spp., e.g.  Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Hieroglyphus  spp.,  Locusta  spp., e.g.  Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus  spp., e.g.  Melanoplus devastator, Paratlanticus ussuriensis, Schistocerca gregaria;  
 
from the order of the Phthiraptera, for example  Damalinia  spp.,  Haematopinus  spp.,  Linognathus  spp.,  Pediculus  spp.,  Phylloxera vastatrix, Phthirus pubis, Trichodectes  spp.;
 
from the order of the Psocoptera, for example  Lepinotus  spp.,  Liposcelis  spp.;
 
from the order of the Siphonaptera, for example  Ceratophyllus  spp.,  Ctenocephalides  spp., e.g.  Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis;  
 
from the order of the Thysanoptera, for example  Anaphothrips obscurus, Baliothrips biformis, Chaetanaphothrips leeuweni, Drepanothrips reuteri, Enneothrips Havens, Frankliniella  spp., e.g.  Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella tritici, Frankliniella vaccinii, Frankliniella williamsi, Haplothrips  spp.,  Heliothrips  spp.,  Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips  spp.,  Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips  spp.,  Taeniothrips cardamomi, Thrips  spp., e.g.  Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci;  
 
from the order of the Zygentoma (= Thysanura ), for example  Ctenolepisma  spp.,  Lepisma saccharina, Lepismodes inquilinus, Thermobia domestica;  
 
from the class of the Symphyla, for example  Scutigerella  spp., e.g.  Scutigerella immaculata;  
 
pests from the phylum of the Mollusca, for example from the class of the Bivalvia, e.g.  Dreissena  spp.;
 
and also from the class of the Gastropoda, for example  Arion  spp., e.g.  Arion ater rufus, Biomphalaria  spp.,  Bulinus  spp.,  Deroceras  spp., e.g.  Deroceras laeve, Galba  spp.,  Lymnaea  spp.,  Oncomelania  spp.,  Pomacea  spp.,  Succinea  spp.;
 
plant pests from the phylum of the Nematoda, i.e. plant-parasitic nematodes, in particular  Aglenchus  spp., for example  Aglenchus agricola, Anguina  spp., for example  Anguina tritici, Aphelenchoides  spp., for example  Aphelenchoides arachidis, Aphelenchoides fragariae, Belonolaimus  spp., for example  Belonolaimus gracilis, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Belonolaimus nortoni, Bursaphelenchus  spp., for example  Bursaphelenchus cocophilus, Bursaphelenchus eremus, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Cacopaurus  spp., for example  Cacopaurus pestis, Criconemella  spp., for example  Criconemella curvata, Criconemella onoensis, Criconemella ornata, Criconemella rusium, Criconemella xenoplax  (= Mesocriconema xenoplax ),  Criconemoides  spp., for example  Criconemoides ferniae, Criconemoides onoense, Criconemoides ornatum, Ditylenchus  spp., for example  Ditylenchus dipsaci, Dolichodorus  spp.,  Globodera  spp., for example  Globodera pallida, Globodera rostochiensis, Helicotylenchus  spp., for example  Helicotylenchus dihystera, Hemicriconemoides  spp.,  Hemicycliophora  spp.,  Heterodera  spp., for example  Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Hirschmaniella  spp.,  Hoplolaimus  spp.,  Longidorus  spp., for example  Longidorus africanus, Meloidogyne  spp., for example  Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne fallax, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloinema  spp.,  Nacobbus  spp.,  Neotylenchus  spp.,  Paralongidorus  spp.,  Paraphelenchus  spp.,  Paratrichodorus  spp., for example  Paratrichodorus minor, Paratylenchus  spp.,  Pratylenchus  spp., for example  Pratylenchus penetrans, Pseudohalenchus  spp.,  Psilenchus  spp.,  Punctodera  spp.,  Quinisulcius  spp.,  Radopholus  spp., for example  Radopholus citrophilus, Radopholus similis, Rotylenchulus  spp.,  Rotylenchus  spp.,  Scutellonema  spp.,  Subanguina  spp.,  Trichodorus  spp., for example  Trichodorus obtusus, Trichodorus primitivus, Tylenchorhynchus  spp., for example  Tylenchorhynchus annulatus, Tylenchulus  spp., for example  Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema  spp., for example  Xiphinema index.  
 
     The compounds of the formula (I) can, as the case may be, at certain concentrations or application rates, also be used as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents to improve plant properties, as microbicides or gametocides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, virucides (including agents against viroids) or as agents against MLO (mycoplasma-like organisms) and RLO (rickettsia-like organisms). They can, as the case may be, also be used as intermediates or precursors for the synthesis of other active compounds. 
     Formulations 
     The present invention further relates to formulations and application forms prepared therefrom as pesticides, for example drench, drip and spray liquors, comprising at least one compound of the formula (I). Optionally, the application forms comprise further pesticides and/or adjuvants which improve action, such as penetrants, e.g. vegetable oils, for example rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, mineral oils, for example paraffin oils, alkyl esters of vegetable fatty acids, for example rapeseed oil methyl ester or soya oil methyl ester, or alkanol alkoxylates and/or spreaders, for example alkylsiloxanes and/or salts, for example organic or inorganic ammonium or phosphonium salts, for example ammonium sulfate or diammonium hydrogenphosphate and/or retention promoters, for example dioctyl sulfosuccinate or hydroxypropylguar polymers and/or humectants, for example glycerol and/or fertilizers, for example ammonium-, potassium- or phosphorus-containing fertilizers. 
     Customary formulations are, for example, water-soluble liquids (SL), emulsion concentrates (EC), emulsions in water (EW), suspension concentrates (SC, SE, FS, OD), water-dispersible granules (WG), granules (GR) and capsule concentrates (CS); these and further possible formulation types are described, for example, by Crop Life International and in Pesticide Specifications, Manual on development and use of FAO and WHO specifications for pesticides, FAO Plant Production and Protection Papers—173, prepared by the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Specifications, 2004, ISBN: 9251048576. 
     The formulations, in addition to one or more compounds of the formula (I), optionally comprise further agrochemical active compounds. 
     Preference is given to formulations or application forms comprising auxiliaries, for example extenders, solvents, spontaneity promoters, carriers, emulsifiers, dispersants, frost protection agents, biocides, thickeners and/or further auxiliaries, for example adjuvants. An adjuvant in this context is a component which enhances the biological effect of the formulation, without the component itself having any biological effect. 
     Examples of adjuvants are agents which promote retention, spreading, attachment to the leaf surface or penetration. 
     These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the compounds of the formula (I) with auxiliaries, for example extenders, solvents and/or solid carriers and/or other auxiliaries, for example surfactants. The formulations are produced either in suitable facilities or else before or during application. 
     The auxiliaries used may be substances suitable for imparting special properties, such as certain physical, technical and/or biological properties, to the formulation of the compounds of the formula (I), or to the application forms prepared from these formulations (for example ready-to-use pesticides such as spray liquors or seed-dressing products). 
     Suitable extenders are, for example, water, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of the aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), the alcohols and polyols (which, if appropriate, may also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified), the ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, the simple and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, the sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide). 
     If the extender used is water, it is also possible to use, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Useful liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and also water. 
     In principle, it is possible to use all suitable solvents. Examples of suitable solvents are aromatic hydrocarbons, for example xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example chlorobenzene, chloroethylene or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example cyclohexane, paraffins, petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones, for example acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. 
     In principle, it is possible to use all suitable carriers. Suitable carriers include more particularly the following: e.g. ammonium salts and natural, finely ground rocks, such as kaolins, aluminas, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and synthetic, finely ground rocks, such as highly disperse silica, aluminium oxide and natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes and/or solid fertilizers. It is likewise possible to use mixtures of such carriers. Useful carriers for granules include: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite, and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours, and also granules of organic material such as sawdust, paper, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. 
     It is also possible to use liquefied gaseous extenders or solvents. Especially suitable extenders or carriers are those which are gaseous at standard temperature and under atmospheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halogenated hydrocarbons, and also butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. 
     Examples of emulsifiers and/or foam formers, dispersants or wetting agents having ionic or nonionic properties or mixtures of these surface-active substances are salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulfonic acid, salts of phenolsulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, with substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulfosuccinic esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols, and derivatives of the compounds containing sulfates, sulfonates and phosphates, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, arylsulfonates, protein hydrolysates, lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose. The presence of a surfactant is advantageous if one of the compounds of the formula (I) and/or one of the inert carriers is insoluble in water and if the application takes place in water. 
     Further auxiliaries which may be present in the formulations and the application forms derived therefrom include dyes such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and nutrients and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc. 
     Additional components which may be present are stabilizers, such as cold stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers, or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical stability. Foam generators or antifoams may also be present. 
     In addition, the formulations and application forms derived therefrom may also comprise, as additional auxiliaries, stickers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, and natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids. Further auxiliaries may be mineral and vegetable oils. 
     It is possible if appropriate for still further auxiliaries to be present in the formulations and the application forms derived therefrom. Examples of such additives are fragrances, protective colloids, binders, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic agents, penetrants, retention promoters, stabilizers, sequestrants, complexing compositions, humectants, spreaders. In general, the compounds of the formula (I) can be combined with any solid or liquid additive commonly used for formulation purposes. 
     Useful retention promoters include all those substances which reduce dynamic surface tension, for example dioctyl sulfosuccinate, or increase viscoelasticity, for example hydroxypropylguar polymers. 
     Useful penetrants in the present context are all those substances which are typically used to improve the penetration of agrochemical active compounds into plants. Penetrants are defined in this context by their ability to penetrate from the (generally aqueous) application liquor and/or from the spray coating into the cuticle of the plant and hence to increase the mobility of the active compounds in the cuticle. The method described in the literature (Baur et al., 1997, Pesticide Science 51, 131-152) can be used for determining this property. Examples include alcohol alkoxylates such as coconut fatty ethoxylate (10) or isotridecyl ethoxylate (12), fatty acid esters, for example rapeseed oil methyl ester or soya oil methyl ester, fatty amine alkoxylates, for example tallowamine ethoxylate (15), or ammonium and/or phosphonium salts, for example ammonium sulfate or diammonium hydrogenphosphate. 
     The formulations preferably comprise between 0.00000001% and 98% by weight of the compound of the formula (I), more preferably between 0.01% and 95% by weight of the compound of the formula (I), most preferably between 0.5% and 90% by weight of the compound of the formula (I), based on the weight of the formulation. 
     The content of the compound of the formula (I) in the application forms prepared from the formulations (in particular pesticides) may vary within wide ranges. The concentration of the compound of the formula (I) in the application forms may typically be between 0.00000001% and 95% by weight of the compound of the formula (I), preferably between 0.00001% and 1% by weight, based on the weight of the application form. Application is accomplished in a customary manner appropriate for the application forms. 
     Mixtures 
     The compounds of the formula (I) can also be used in a mixture with one or more suitable fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, molluscicides, nematicides, insecticides, microbiological agents, beneficial organisms, herbicides, fertilizers, bird repellents, phytotonics, sterilants, safeners, semiochemicals and/or plant growth regulators, in order thus, for example, to broaden the spectrum of action, prolong the period of action, enhance the rate of action, prevent repellency or prevent evolution of resistance. In addition, active compound combinations of this kind can improve plant growth and/or tolerance to abiotic factors, for example high or low temperatures, to drought or to elevated levels of water or soil salinity. It is also possible to improve flowering and fruiting performance, optimize germination capacity and root development, facilitate harvesting and improve harvest yields, influence maturation, improve the quality and/or the nutritional value of the harvested products, prolong storage life and/or improve the processability of the harvested products. 
     In addition, the compounds of the formula (I) may be present in a mixture with other active compounds or semiochemicals such as attractants and/or bird repellents and/or plant activators and/or growth regulators and/or fertilizers. Likewise, the compounds of the formula (I) can be used to improve plant properties, for example growth, yield and quality of the harvested material. 
     In a particular embodiment according to the invention, the compounds of the formula (I) are present in formulations or in the application forms prepared from these formulations in a mixture with further compounds, preferably those as described below. 
     If one of the compounds mentioned below can occur in different tautomeric forms, these forms are also included even if not explicitly mentioned in each case. All the mixing components mentioned, as the case may be, may also form salts with suitable bases or acids if they are capable of doing so on the basis of their functional groups. 
     Insecticides/Acaricides/Nematicides 
     The active compounds specified here by their common names are known and are described for example in “The Pesticide Manual” (16th ed., British Crop Protection Council 2012) or can be searched for on the Internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides). The classification is based on the IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme applicable at the time of filing of this patent application. 
     (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, for example carbamates, e.g. alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb; or organophosphates, e.g. acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon and vamidothion. 
     (2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, for example cyclodiene-organochlorines, e.g. chlordane and endosulfan or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles), e.g. ethiprole and fipronil. 
     (3) Sodium channel modulators, for example pyrethroids, e.g. acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R) isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], prallethrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R) isomer], tralomethrin and transfluthrin or DDT or methoxychlor. 
     (4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, for example neonicotinoids, e.g. acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam or nicotine or sulfoxaflor or flupyradifurone. 
     (5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, for example spinosyns, e.g. spinetoram and spinosad. 
     (6) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, for example avermectins/milbemycins, e.g. abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin. 
     (7) Juvenile hormone mimetics, for example juvenile hormone analogues, e.g. hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen. 
     (8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multisite) inhibitors, for example alkyl halides, e.g. methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or chloropicrin or sulfuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generator, e.g. diazomet and metam. 
     (9) Chordotonal organ modulators, e.g. pymetrozine or flonicamide. 
     (10) Mite growth inhibitors, for example clofentezine, hexythiazox and diflovidazin or etoxazole. 
     (11) Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membrane, for example  Bacillus thuringiensis  subspecies  israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis  subspecies  aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis  subspecies  kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis  subspecies  tenebrionis  and B.t. plant proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, VIP3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Abl/35Abl. 
     (12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, such as ATP disruptors, for example diafenthiuron or organotin compounds, e.g. azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide or propargite or tetradifon.
 
(13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, for example chlorfenapyr, DNOC and sulfluramid.
 
(14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers, for example bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, and thiosultap-sodium.
 
(15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, for example bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluey cloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
 
(16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, for example buprofezin.
 
(17) Moulting disruptors (especially in the case of Diptera), for example cyromazine.
 
(18) Ecdysone receptor agonists, for example chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
 
(19) Octopamine receptor agonists, for example amitraz.
 
(20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, for example hydramethylnon or acequinocyl or fluacrypyrim.
 
(21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, for example METI acaricides, e.g. fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad or rotenone (Derris).
 
(22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, for example indoxacarb or metaflumizone.
 
(23) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, for example tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. spirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat.
 
(24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, for example phosphines, e.g. aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide, or cyanides, calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
 
(25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, for example beta-keto nitrile derivatives, e.g. cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen and carboxanilides, for example pyflubumide.
 
(28) Ryanodine receptor modulators, for example diamides, e.g. chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide,
 
further active compounds, for example afidopyropen, afoxolaner, azadirachtin, benclothiaz, benzoximate, bifenazate, broflanilide, bromopropylate, chinomethionat, chloroprallethrin, cryolite, cyclaniliprole, cycloxaprid, cyhalodiamide, dicloromezotiaz, dicofol, epsilon metofluthrin, epsilon momfluthrin, flometoquin, fluazaindolizine, fluensulfone, flufenerim, flufenoxystrobin, flufiprole, fluhexafon, fluopyram, fluralaner, fluxametamide, fufenozide, guadipyr, heptafluthrin, imidaclothiz, iprodione, kappa bifenthrin, kappa tefluthrin, lotilaner, meperfluthrin, paichongding, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriminostrobin, spirobudiclofen, tetramethylfluthrin, tetraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tigolaner, tioxazafen, thiofluoximate, triflumezopyrim and iodomethane; additionally preparations based on  Bacillus firmus  (1-1582, BioNeem, Votivo), and the following compounds: l-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-amine (known from WO2006/043635) (CAS 885026-50-6), {1′-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-5-fluorospiro[indole-3,4′-piperidin]-1(2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methanone (known from WO2003/106457) (CAS 637360-23-7), 2-chloro-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isonicotinamide (known from WO2006/003494) (CAS 872999-66-1), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2010052161) (CAS 1225292-17-0), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethylcarbonate (known from EP 2647626) (CAS-1440516-42-6), 4-(but-2-yn-1-yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (known from WO2004/099160) (CAS 792914-58-0), PF1364 (known from JP2010/018586) (CAS Reg.No. 1204776-60-2), N-[(2E)-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]pyridin-2(1H)-ylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (known from WO2012/029672) (CAS 1363400-41-2), (3E)-3-[l-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (known from WO2013/144213) (CAS 1461743-15-6), N-[3-(benzylcarbamoyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2010/051926) (CAS 1226889-14-0), 5-bromo-4-chloro-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide (known from CN103232431) (CAS 1449220-44-3), 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)benzamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(trans-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)benzamide and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)benzamide (known from WO 2013/050317 A1) (CAS 1332628-83-7), N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]propanamide, (+)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]propanamide and (−)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]propanamide (known from WO 2013/162715 A2, WO 2013/162716 A2, US 2014/0213448 A1) (CAS 1477923-37-7), 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (known from CN 101337937 A) (CAS 1105672-77-2), 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)thioxomethyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (Liudaibenjiaxuanan, known from CN 103109816 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2012/034403 A1) (CAS 1268277-22-0), N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2011/085575 A1) (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3-dichloro-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (known from CN 101337940 A) (CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]hydrazinecarboxamide (known from CN 101715774 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl ester (known from CN 103524422 A) (CAS 1542271-46-4); (4aS)-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]indeno [1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylic acid methyl ester (known from CN 102391261 A) (CAS 1370358-69-2); 6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-1-[N-[4-[l-[4-(l, 1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate]-α-L-mannopyranose (known from US 2014/0275503 A1) (CAS 1181213-14-8); 8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 1253850-56-4), (8-anti)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 933798-27-7), (8-syn)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (known from WO 2007040280 A1, WO 2007040282 A1) (CAS 934001-66-8), N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio]propanamide (known from WO 2015/058021 A1, WO 2015/058028 A1) (CAS 1477919-27-9) and N-[4-(aminothioxomethyl)-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from CN 103265527 A) (CAS 1452877-50-7), 5-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]pyrimidine (known from WO 2013/115391 A1) (CAS 1449021-97-9), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-methyl-1, 8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2010/066780 A1, WO 2011/151146 A1) (CAS 1229023-34-0), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione (known from WO 2014/187846 A1) (CAS 1638765-58-8), ethyl 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl-carboxylate (known from WO 2010/066780 A1, WO 2011151146 A1) (CAS 1229023-00-0), N-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2(1H)-pyridinylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (known from DE 3639877 A1, WO 2012029672 A1) (CAS 1363400-41-2), [N(E)]-N-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2(1H)-pyridinylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro acetamide (known from WO 2016005276 A1) (CAS 1689566-03-7), [N(Z)]-N-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2(1H)-pyridinylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (CAS 1702305-40-5), 3-endo-3-[2-propoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-9-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (known from WO 2011/105506 A1, WO 2016/133011 A1) (CAS 1332838-17-1).
 
     Fungicides 
     The active compounds specified here by their common names are known and described, for example, in “Pesticide Manual” (16th Ed. British Crop Protection Council) or searchable on the Internet (for example: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides). 
     All the mixing components mentioned in classes (1) to (15), as the case may be, may form salts with suitable bases or acids if they are capable of doing so on the basis of their functional groups. All the fungicidal mixing components mentioned in classes (1) to (15), as the case may be, may include tautomeric forms. 
     1) Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis, for example (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenhexamid, (1.005) fenpropidin, (1.006) fenpropimorph, (1.007) fenpyrazamine, (1.008) fluquinconazole, (1.009) flutriafol, (1.010) imazalil, (1.011) imazalil sulfate, (1.012) ipconazole, (1.013) metconazole, (1.014) myclobutanil, (1.015) paclobutrazol, (1.016) prochloraz, (1.017) propiconazole, (1.018) prothioconazole, (1.019) pyrisoxazole, (1.020) spiroxamine, (1.021) tebuconazole, (1.022) tetraconazole, (1.023) triadimenol, (1.024) tridemorph, (1.025) triticonazole, (1.026) (1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.027) (1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.028) (2R)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.029) (2R)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.030) (2R)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.031) (2S)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.032) (2S)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.033) (2S)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.034) (R)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.035) (S)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.036) [3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.037) 1-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-di oxolan-2-yl}methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.038) l-({(2S,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl}methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.039) l-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.040) 1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylthiocyanate, (1.041) l-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.042) 2-[(2R,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.043) 2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.044) 2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.045) 2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.046) 2-[(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.047) 2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.048) 2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.049) 2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.050) 2-[l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.051) 2-[2-chloro-4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.052) 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.053) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.054) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol, (1.055) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.056) 2-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.057) 2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.058) 2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.059) 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.060) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.061) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.062) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.063) N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.064) N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.065) N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.066) N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.067) N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.068) N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.069) N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.070) N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(pentafluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.071) N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.072) N′-(4-{[3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.073) N′-(4-{3-[(difluoromethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.074) N′-[5-bromo-6-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yloxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.075) N′-{4-[(4,5-dichloro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.076) N′-{5-bromo-6-[(1R)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.077) N′-{5-bromo-6-[(1S)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.078) N′-{5-bromo-6-[(cis-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.079) N′-{5-bromo-6-[(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.080) N′-{5-bromo-6-[l-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.081) mefentrifluconazole, (1.082) ipfentrifluconazole. 
     2) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain in complex I or II, for example (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) fluopyram, (2.006) flutolanil, (2.007) fluxapyroxad, (2.008) furametpyr, (2.009) isofetamid, (2.010) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.011) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.012) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.013) isopyrazam (mixture of the syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and the anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.014) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), (2.015) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), (2.016) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), (2.017) penflufen, (2.018) penthiopyrad, (2.019) pydiflumetofen, (2.020) pyraziflumid, (2.021) sedaxane, (2.022) 1,3-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.023) 1,3-dimethyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.024) 1,3-dimethyl-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.025) l-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2′-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.026) 2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)benzamide, (2.027) 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.028) 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.029) 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3 S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.030) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.031) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.032) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3 S)-7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.033) 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine, (2.034) N-(2-cyclopentyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.035) N-(2-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.036) N-(2-tert-butylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.037) N-(5-chloro-2-ethylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.038) N-(5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.039) N-[(1R,4S)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.040) N-[(1S,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.041) N-[l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.042) N-[2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.043) N-[3-chloro-2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.044) N-[5-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.045) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-N-[5-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.046) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-fluoro-6-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.047) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.048) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbothioamide, (2.049) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.050) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(5-fluoro-2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.051) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-4,5-dimethylbenzyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.052) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.053) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-5-methylbenzyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.054) N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.055) N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropyl-5-methylbenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.056) N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropylbenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide. 
     3) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III, for example (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadon, (3.010) fenamidon, (3.011) flufenoxystrobin, (3.012) fluoxastrobin, (3.013) kresoxim-methyl, (3.014) metominostrobin, (3.015) orysastrobin, (3.016) picoxystrobin, (3.017) pyraclostrobin, (3.018) pyrametostrobin, (3.019) pyraoxystrobin, (3.020) trifloxystrobin, (3.021) (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylvinyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamide, (3.022) (2E,3Z)-5-{[l-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, (3.023) (2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.024) (2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.025) (3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[({3-[(isobutyryloxy)methoxy]-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl}carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoate, (3.026) 2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.027) N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formamido-2-hydroxybenzamide, (3.028) (2E,3Z)-5-{[l-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, (3.029) methyl {5-[3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-methylbenzyl}carbamate. 
     4) Mitosis and cell division inhibitors, for example (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolid, (4.005) pencycuron, (4.006) thiabendazole, (4.007) thiophanate-methyl, (4.008) zoxamide, (4.009) 3-chloro-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenylpyridazine, (4.010) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.011) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.012) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.013) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.014) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.015) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.016) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.017) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.018) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.019) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.020) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.021) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.022) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (4.023) N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.024) N-(2-bromophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.025) N-(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine. 5) Compounds having capacity for multisite activity, for example (5.001) Bordeaux mixture, (5.002) captafol, (5.003) captan, (5.004) chlorthalonil, (5.005) copper hydroxide, (5.006) copper naphthenate, (5.007) copper oxide, (5.008) copper oxychloride, (5.009) copper(2+) sulfate, (5.010) dithianon, (5.011) dodin, (5.012) folpet, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.014) maneb, (5.015) metiram, (5.016) zinc metiram, (5.017) copper oxine, (5.018) propineb, (5.019) sulfur and sulfur preparations including calcium polysulfide, (5.020) thiram, (5.021) zineb, (5.022) ziram, (5.023) 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3′,4′:5,6][1,4]dithiino[2,3-c][1,2]thiazole-3-carbonitrile. 
     6) Compounds capable of triggering host defence, for example (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) isotianil, (6.003) probenazole, (6.004) tiadinil. 
     7) Amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis inhibitors, for example (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil, (7.006) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline. 
     (8) ATP production inhibitors, for example (8.001) silthiofam. 
     9) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors, for example (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. 
     10) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors, for example (10.001) propamocarb, (10.002) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.003) tolclofos-methyl. 
     11) Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors, for example (11.001) tricyclazole, (11.002) 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl {3-methyl-1-[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl}carbamate. 
     12) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, for example (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam). 
     13) Signal transduction inhibitors, for example (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin. 
     14) Compounds that can act as uncouplers, for example (14.001) fluazinam, (14.002) meptyldinocap. 
     15) Further compounds, for example (15.001) abscisic acid, (15.002) benthiazole, (15.003) bethoxazin, (15.004) capsimycin, (15.005) carvone, (15.006) chinomethionat, (15.007) cufraneb, (15.008) cyflufenamid, (15.009) cymoxanil, (15.010) cyprosulfamide, (15.011) flutianil, (15.012) fosetyl-aluminium, (15.013) fosetyl-calcium, (15.014) fosetyl-sodium, (15.015) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.016) metrafenon, (15.017) mildiomycin, (15.018) natamycin, (15.019) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.020) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.021) oxamocarb, (15.022) oxathiapiprolin, (15.023) oxyfenthiin, (15.024) pentachlorophenol and salts, (15.025) phosphonic acid and salts thereof, (15.026) propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.027) pyriofenone (chlazafenone) (15.028) tebufloquin, (15.029) tecloftalam, (15.030) tolnifanide, (15.031) l-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, (15.032) l-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, (15.033) 2-(6-benzylpyridin-2-yl)quinazoline, (15.034) 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c: 5,6-c′]dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, (15.035) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, (15.036) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, (15.037) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, (15.038) 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl]quinazoline, (15.039) 2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.040) 2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.041) 2-{2-[(7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)oxy]-6-fluorophenyl}propan-2-ol, (15.042) 2-{2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)oxy]phenyl}propan-2-ol, (15.043) 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.044) 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}phenyl methanesulfonate, (15.045) 2-phenylphenol and salts thereof, (15.046) 3-(4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline, (15.047) 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline, (15.048) 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-ol (tautomeric form: 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2(1H)-one), (15.049) 4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butyric acid, (15.050) 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.051) 5-chloro-N′-phenyl-N′-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)thiophene 2-sulfonohydrazide, (15.052) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.053) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.054) 9-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(quinolin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepine, (15.055) but-3-yn-1-yl {6-[({[(Z)-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate, (15.056) ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate, (15.057) phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, (15.058) propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, (15.059) quinolin-8-ol, (15.060) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1), (15.061) tert-butyl {6-[({[(l-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate, (15.062) 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one. 
     Biological Pesticides as Mixing Components 
     The compounds of the formula (I) can be combined with biological pesticides. 
     Biological pesticides especially include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms, including proteins and secondary metabolites. 
     Biological pesticides include bacteria such as spore-forming bacteria, root-colonizing bacteria and bacteria which act as biological insecticides, fungicides or nematicides. 
     Examples of such bacteria which are used or can be used as biological pesticides are:  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , strain FZB42 (DSM 231179), ox  Bacillus cereus , especially  B. cereus  strain CNCM 1-1562 ox  Bacillus firmus , strain 1-1582 (Accession number CNCM I-1582) or  Bacillus pumilus , especially strain GB34 (Accession No. ATCC 700814) and strain QST2808 (Accession No. NRRL B-30087), or  Bacillus subtilis , especially strain GB03 (Accession No. ATCC SD-1397), or  Bacillus subtilis  strain QST713 (Accession No. NRRL B-21661) or  Bacillus subtilis  strain OST 30002 (Accession No. NRRL B-50421)  Bacillus thuringiensis , especially  B. thuringiensis  subspecies  israelensis  (serotype H-14), strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276), or  B. thuringiensis  subsp.  aizawai , especially strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372), or  B. thuringiensis  subsp.  kurstaki  strain HD-1, or  B. thuringiensis  subsp.  tenebrionis  strain NB 176 (SD-5428),  Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria  spp. ( Rotylenchulus reniformis  nematode)-PR3 (Accession Number ATCC SD-5834),  Streptomyces microflavus  strain AQ6121 (=QRD 31.013, NRRL B-50550),  Streptomyces galbus  strain AQ 6047 (Accession Number NRRL 30232). 
     Examples of fungi and yeasts which are used or can be used as biological pesticides are: 
       Beauveria bassiana , in particular strain ATCC 74040,  Coniothyrium minitans , in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660),  Lecanicillium  spp., in particular strain HRO LEC 12 , Lecanicillium lecanii  (formerly known as  Verticillium lecanii ), in particular strain KV01 , Metarhizium anisopliae , in particular strain F52 (DSM3884/ATCC 90448),  Metschnikowia fructicola , in particular strain NRRL Y-30752,  Paecilomyces fumosoroseus  (new:  Isaria fumosorosea ), in particular strain IFPC 200613, or strain Apopka 97 (Accession No. ATCC 20874),  Paecilomyces lilacinus , in particular  P. lilacinus  strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550),  Talaromyces flavus , in particular strain VI 17b,  Trichoderma atroviride , in particular strain SCI (Accession Number CBS 122089),  Trichoderma harzianum , in particular  T. harzianum rifai  T39 (Accession number CNCM 1-952). 
     Examples of viruses which are used or can be used as biological pesticides are: 
       Adoxophyes orana  (summer fruit  tortrix ) granulosis virus (GV),  Cydia pomonella  (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV),  Helicoverpa armigera  (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV),  Spodoptera exigua  (beet armyworm) mNPV,  Spodoptera frugiperda  (fall armyworm) mNPV,  Spodoptera littoralis  (African cotton leafworm) NPV. 
     Also included are bacteria and fungi which are added as ‘inoculant’ to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health. Examples include: 
       Agrobacterium  spp.,  Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum  spp.,  Azotobacter  spp.,  Bradyrhizobium  spp.,  Burkholderia  spp., especially  Burkholderia cepacia  (formerly known as  Pseudomonas cepacia ),  Gigaspora  spp., or  Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus  spp.,  Laccaria  spp.,  Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus  spp.,  Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas  spp.,  Rhizobium  spp., especially  Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon  spp.,  Scleroderma  spp.,  Suillus  spp.,  Streptomyces  spp. 
     Examples of plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms, including proteins and secondary metabolites, which are used or can be used as biological pesticides are: 
     Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, azadirachtin, Biokeeper WP, Cassia nigricans, Celastrus angulatus, Chenopodium anthelminticum, chitin, Armour-Zen, Dryopteris filix-mas, Equisetum arvense, Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), pyrethrum/pyrethrins, Quassia amara, Quercus, Quillaja, Regalia, “Requiem™ Insecticide”, rotenone, ryania/ryanodine, Symphytum officinale, Tanacetum vulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, Veratrin, Viscum album, Brassicaceae extract, especially oilseed rape powder or mustard powder. 
     Safener as mixing components 
     The compounds of the formula (I) can be combined with safeners, for example benoxacor, cloquintocet (-mexyl), cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, fenchlorazole (-ethyl), fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen (-ethyl), mefenpyr (-diethyl), naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, 2-methoxy-N-({4-[(methylcarbamoyl)amino]phenyl}sulfonyl)benzamide (CAS 129531-12-0), 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (CAS 71526-07-3), 2,2,5-trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1,3-oxazolidine (CAS 52836-31-4). 
     Plants and Plant Parts 
     All plants and plant parts can be treated in accordance with the invention. Plants are understood here to mean all plants and populations of plants, such as desirable and undesirable wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants), for example cereals (wheat, rice, triticale, barley, rye, oats), maize, soya beans, potatoes, sugar beet, sugar cane, tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, melons, carrots, water melons, onions, lettuce, spinach, leeks, beans,  Brassica oleracea  (e.g. cabbage) and other vegetable species, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape, and also fruit plants (the fruits being apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes). Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant cultivars which are protectable or non-protectable by plant breeders&#39; rights. Plants shall be understood to mean all development stages such as seed, seedlings, young (immature) plants, up to and including mature plants. Plant parts shall be understood to mean all parts and organs of the plants above and below ground, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples given being leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits and seeds, and also roots, tubers and rhizomes. Plant parts also include harvested plants or harvested plant parts and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seeds. 
     The treatment according to the invention of the plants and parts of plants with the compounds of the formula (I) is effected directly or by allowing the compounds to act on the surroundings, the habitat or the storage space thereof by the customary treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, evaporating, fogging, scattering, painting on, injecting, and, in the case of propagation material, especially in the case of seeds, also by applying one or more coats. 
     As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all plants and their parts in accordance with the invention. In a preferred embodiment, wild plant species and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, are treated. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering methods, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (genetically modified organisms), and parts thereof are treated. The term “parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” has been explained above. Particular preference is given in accordance with the invention to treating plants of the respective commercially customary plant cultivars or those that are in use. Plant cultivars are understood to mean plants having novel properties (“traits”) and which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They may be cultivars, varieties, biotypes or genotypes. 
     Transgenic Plants, Seed Treatment and Integration Events 
     The preferred transgenic plants or plant cultivars (those obtained by genetic engineering) which are to be treated in accordance with the invention include all plants which, through the genetic modification, received genetic material which imparts particular advantageous useful properties (“traits”) to these plants. Examples of such properties are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to levels of water or soil salinity, enhanced flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better capability for storage and/or processability of the harvested products. Further and particularly emphasized examples of such properties are increased resistance of the plants to animal and microbial pests, such as insects, arachnids, nematodes, mites, slugs and snails, owing, for example, to toxins formed in the plants, in particular those formed in the plants by the genetic material from  Bacillus thuringiensis  (for example by the genes Cry1A(a), Cry1A(b), Cry1A(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry1F and also combinations thereof), and also increased resistance of the plants to phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and/or viruses caused, for example, by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins, and also increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidal active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin (for example the “PAT” gene). The genes which impart the desired properties (“traits”) in question may also be present in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants. Examples of transgenic plants mentioned include the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice, triticale, barley, rye, oats), maize, soya beans, potatoes, sugar beet, sugar cane, tomatoes, peas and other types of vegetable, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (the fruits being apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapevines), particular emphasis being given to maize, soya beans, wheat, rice, potatoes, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco and oilseed rape. 
     Properties (“traits”) which are particularly emphasized are the increased resistance of the plants to insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails. 
     Plant Protection—Types of Treatment 
     The plants and plant parts are treated with the compounds of the formula (I) directly or by action on their surroundings, habitat or storage space using customary treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating, evaporating, dusting, fogging, broadcasting, foaming, painting, spreading-on, injecting, watering (drenching), drip irrigating and, in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seed, additionally by dry seed treatment, liquid seed treatment, slurry treatment, by incrusting, by coating with one or more coats, etc. It is furthermore possible to apply the compounds of the formula (I) by the ultra-low volume method or to inject the application form or the compound of the formula (I) itself into the soil. 
     A preferred direct treatment of the plants is foliar application, meaning that the compounds of the formula (I) are applied to the foliage, in which case the treatment frequency and the application rate should be adjusted according to the level of infestation with the pest in question. 
     In the case of systemically active compounds, the compounds of the formula (I) also access the plants via the root system. The plants are then treated by the action of the compounds of the formula (I) on the habitat of the plant. This can be accomplished, for example, by drenching, or by mixing into the soil or the nutrient solution, meaning that the locus of the plant (e.g. soil or hydroponic systems) is impregnated with a liquid form of the compounds of the formula (I), or by soil application, meaning that the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention are introduced in solid form (e.g. in the form of granules) into the locus of the plants. In the case of paddy rice crops, this can also be accomplished by metering the compound of the formula (I) in a solid application form (for example as granules) into a flooded paddy field. 
     Seed Treatment 
     The control of animal pests by the treatment of the seed of plants has long been known and is the subject of constant improvements. Nevertheless, the treatment of seed entails a series of problems which cannot always be solved in a satisfactory manner. Thus, it is desirable to develop methods for protecting the seed and the germinating plant which dispense with, or at least reduce considerably, the additional application of pesticides during storage, after sowing or after emergence of the plants. It is additionally desirable to optimize the amount of active compound used so as to provide optimum protection for the seed and the germinating plant from infestation by animal pests, but without damage to the plant itself by the active compound used. In particular, methods for the treatment of seed should also take account of the intrinsic insecticidal or nematicidal properties of pest-resistant or -tolerant transgenic plants in order to achieve optimal protection of the seed and also the germinating plant with a minimum expenditure on pesticides. 
     The present invention therefore in particular also relates to a method for the protection of seed and germinating plants from infestation by pests, by treating the seed with one of the compounds of the formula (I). The method according to the invention for protecting seed and germinating plants against infestation by pests further comprises a method in which the seed is treated simultaneously in one operation or sequentially with a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component. It further also comprises a method where the seed is treated at different times with a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component. 
     The invention also relates to the use of the compounds of the formula (I) for the treatment of seed for protecting the seed and the resulting plant from animal pests. 
     The invention further relates to seed which has been treated with a compound of the formula (I) according to the invention for protection from animal pests. The invention also relates to seed which has been treated simultaneously with a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component. The invention further relates to seed which has been treated at different times with a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component. In the case of seed which has been treated at different times with a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component, the individual substances may be present on the seed in different layers. In this case, the layers comprising a compound of the formula (I) and mixing components may optionally be separated by an intermediate layer. The invention also relates to seed in which a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component have been applied as part of a coating or as a further layer or further layers in addition to a coating. 
     The invention further relates to seed which, after the treatment with a compound of the formula (I), is subjected to a film-coating process to prevent dust abrasion on the seed. 
     One of the advantages that occur when a compound of the formula (I) acts systemically is that the treatment of the seed protects not only the seed itself but also the plants resulting therefrom, after emergence, from animal pests. In this way, the immediate treatment of the crop at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter can be dispensed with. 
     A further advantage is that the treatment of the seed with a compound of the formula (I) can enhance germination and emergence of the treated seed. 
     It is likewise considered to be advantageous that compounds of the formula (I) can especially also be used for transgenic seed. 
     Compounds of the formula (I) can also be used in combination with signalling technology compositions, leading to better colonization by symbionts, for example  rhizobia , mycorrhizae and/or endophytic bacteria or fungi, and/or to optimized nitrogen fixation. 
     The compounds of the formula (I) are suitable for protection of seed of any plant variety which is used in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in forests or in horticulture. More particularly, this is the seed of cereals (for example wheat, barley, rye, millet and oats), maize, cotton, soya beans, rice, potatoes, sunflowers, coffee, tobacco, canola, oilseed rape, beet (for example sugar beet and fodder beet), peanuts, vegetables (for example tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, cruciferous vegetables, onions and lettuce), fruit plants, lawns and ornamental plants. Of particular significance is the treatment of the seed of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye and oats), maize, soya beans, cotton, canola, oilseed rape, vegetables and rice. 
     As already mentioned above, the treatment of transgenic seed with a compound of the formula (I) is also of particular importance. This involves the seed of plants which generally contain at least one heterologous gene which controls the expression of a polypeptide having insecticidal and/or nematicidal properties in particular. The heterologous genes in transgenic seed may originate from microorganisms such as  Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus  or  Gliocladium . The present invention is particularly suitable for treatment of transgenic seed which comprises at least one heterologous gene originating from  Bacillus  sp. The heterologous gene is more preferably derived from  Bacillus thuringiensis.    
     In the context of the present invention, the compound of the formula (I) is applied to the seed. The seed is preferably treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable for no damage to occur in the course of treatment. In general, the seed can be treated at any time between harvest and sowing. It is customary to use seed which has been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits. For example, it is possible to use seed which has been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content which allows storage. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seed which, after drying, has been treated with, for example, water and then dried again, for example priming. In the case of rice seed, it is also possible to use seed which has been soaked, for example in water, until it reaches a certain stage of the rice embryo (“pigeon breast stage”) which results in stimulation of germination and more uniform emergence. 
     When treating the seed, care must generally be taken that the amount of the compound of the formula (I) applied to the seed and/or the amount of further additives is chosen in such a way that the germination of the seed is not adversely affected, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This has to be ensured particularly in the case of active compounds which can exhibit phytotoxic effects at certain application rates. 
     In general, the compounds of the formula (I) are applied to the seed in the form of a suitable formulation. Suitable formulations and methods for seed treatment are known to the person skilled in the art. 
     The compounds of the formula (I) can be converted to the customary seed-dressing formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other coating compositions for seed, and also ULV formulations. 
     These formulations are prepared in a known manner, by mixing the compounds of the formula (I) with customary additives, for example customary extenders and solvents or diluents, dyes, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins, and also water. 
     Suitable dyes which may be present in the seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all dyes which are customary for such purposes. It is possible to use either pigments, which are sparingly soluble in water, or dyes, which are soluble in water. Examples include the dyes known by the names Rhodamine B, C.I. Pigment Red 112 and C.I. Solvent Red 1. 
     Useful wetting compositions which may be present in the seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances which promote wetting and which are customary for the formulation of agrochemically active compounds. Usable with preference are alkyl naphthalenesulfonates, such as diisopropyl or diisobutyl naphthalenesulfonates. 
     Suitable dispersants and/or emulsifiers which may be present in the seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants customary for the formulation of agrochemically active compounds. 
     Nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants can be used with preference. Suitable nonionic dispersants especially include ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristyrylphenol polyglycol ethers, and the phosphated or sulfated derivatives thereof. Suitable anionic dispersants are especially lignosulfonates, polyacrylic acid salts and arylsulfonate-formaldehyde condensates. 
     Antifoams which may be present in the seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all foam-inhibiting substances customary for the formulation of agrochemically active compounds. Silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate can be used with preference. 
     Preservatives which may be present in the seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances usable for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples include dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal. 
     Useful secondary thickeners which may be present in the seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Preferred examples include cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and finely divided silica. 
     Useful stickers which may be present in the seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all customary binders usable in seed-dressing products. 
     Preferred examples include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose. 
     Useful gibberellins which may be present in the seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are preferably the gibberellins A1, A3 (=gibberellic acid), A4 and A7; particular preference is given to using gibberellic acid. The gibberellins are known (cf. R. Wegler “Chemie der Pflanzenschutz-und Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel”, vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, pp. 401-412). 
     The seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention can be used to treat a wide variety of different kinds of seed, either directly or after prior dilution with water. For instance, the concentrates or the preparations obtainable therefrom by dilution with water can be used to dress the seed of cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats and triticale, and also the seed of maize, rice, oilseed rape, peas, beans, cotton, sunflowers, soya beans and beets, or else a wide variety of different vegetable seed. The seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention, or the dilute application forms thereof, can also be used to dress seed of transgenic plants. 
     For the treatment of seed with the seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention, or the application forms prepared therefrom through the addition of water, all mixing units usable customarily for the seed dressing are useful. Specifically, the procedure in seed dressing is to place the seed into a mixer in batchwise or continuous operation, to add the particular desired amount of seed-dressing formulations, either as such or after prior dilution with water, and to mix until the formulation is distributed homogeneously on the seed. If appropriate, this is followed by a drying operation. 
     The application rate of the seed-dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention can be varied within a relatively wide range. It is guided by the particular content of the compounds of the formula (I) in the formulations and by the seed. The application rates of the compound of the formula (I) are generally between 0.001 and 50 g per kilogram of seed, preferably between 0.01 and 15 g per kilogram of seed. 
     Animal Health 
     In the animal health field, i.e. the field of veterinary medicine, the compounds of the formula (I) are active against animal parasites, in particular ectoparasites or endoparasites. The term “endoparasite” includes especially helminths and protozoa, such as coccidia. Ectoparasites are typically and preferably arthropods, especially insects or acarids. 
     In the field of veterinary medicine, the compounds of the formula (I) having favourable endotherm toxicity are suitable for controlling parasites which occur in animal husbandry and animal keeping in livestock, breeding animals, zoo animals, laboratory animals, experimental animals and domestic animals. They are active against all or specific stages of development of the parasites. 
     Agricultural livestock include, for example, mammals, such as sheep, goats, horses, donkeys, camels, buffalo, rabbits, reindeer, fallow deer and especially cattle and pigs; or poultry such as turkeys, ducks, geese and especially chickens; or fish or crustaceans, for example in aquaculture; or, as the case may be, insects such as bees. 
     Domestic animals include, for example, mammals, such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, mice, chinchillas, ferrets, and particularly dogs, cats, caged birds; reptiles, amphibians or aquarium fish. 
     In a specific embodiment, the compounds of the formula (I) are administered to mammals. 
     In another specific embodiment, the compounds of the formula (I) are administered to birds, namely caged birds or particularly poultry. 
     Use of the compounds of the formula (I) for the control of animal parasites is intended to reduce or prevent illness, cases of death and reductions in performance (in the case of meat, milk, wool, hides, eggs, honey and the like), such that more economical and simpler animal keeping is enabled and better animal well-being is achievable. 
     In relation to the field of animal health, the term “control” or “controlling” in the present context means that the compounds of the formula (I) are effective in reducing the incidence of the particular parasite in an animal infected with such parasites to an innocuous degree. More specifically, “controlling” in the present context means that the compounds of the formula (I) kill the respective parasite, inhibit its growth, or inhibit its proliferation. 
     The arthropods include, for example, but are not limited to, 
     from the order of Anoplurida, for example  Haematopinus  spp.,  Linognathus  spp.,  Pediculus  spp.,  Phtirus  spp. and  Solenopotes  spp.;
 
from the order of Mallophagida and the suborders Amblycerina and Ischnocerina, for example,  Bovicola  spp.,  Damalina  spp.,  Felicola  spp.;  Lepikentron  spp.,  Menopon  spp.,  Trichodectes  spp.,  Trimenopon  spp.,  Trinoton  spp.,  Wemeckiella  spp;
 
from the order of Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina, for example,  Aedes  spp.,  Anopheles  spp.,  Atylotus  spp.,  Braula  spp.,  Calliphora  spp.,  Chrysomyia  spp.,  Chrysops  spp.,  Culex  spp.,  Culicoides  spp.,  Eusimulium  spp.,  Fannia  spp.,  Gasterophilus  spp.,  Glossina  spp.,  Haematobia  spp.,  Haematopota  spp.,  Hippobosca  spp.,  Hybomitra  spp.,  Hydrotaea  spp.,  Hypoderma  spp.,  Lipoptena  spp.,  Lucilia  spp.,  Lutzomyia  spp.,  Melophagus  spp.,  Morellia  spp.,  Musca  spp.,  Odagmia  spp.,  Oestrus  spp.,  Philipomyia  spp.,  Phlebotomus  spp.,  Rhinoestrus  spp.,  Sarcophaga  spp.,  Simulium  spp.,  Stomoxys  spp.,  Tabanus  spp.,  Tipula  spp.,  Wilhelmia  spp.,  Wohlfahrtia  spp.;
 
from the order of Siphonapterida, for example  Ceratophyllus  spp.,  Ctenocephalides  spp.,  Pulex  spp.,  Tunga  spp.,  Xenopsylla  spp.;
 
from the order of Heteropterida, for example  Cimex  spp.,  Panstrongylus  spp.,  Rhodnius  spp.,  Triatoma  spp.; and also nuisance and hygiene pests from the order Blattarida.
 
     In addition, in the case of the arthropods, mention should be made by way of example, without limitation, of the following Acari: 
     from the subclass of Acari (Acarina) and the order of Metastigmata, for example from the family of Argasidae such as  Argas  spp.,  Ornithodorus  spp.,  Otobius  spp., from the family of Ixodidae such as  Amblyomma  spp.,  Dermacentor  spp.,  Haemaphysalis  spp.,  Hyalomma  spp.,  Ixodes  spp.,  Rhipicephalus  ( Boophilus ) spp.,  Rhipicephalus  spp. (the original genus of multi-host ticks); from the order of Mesostigmata such as  Dermanyssus  spp.,  Ornithonyssus  spp.,  Pneumonyssus  spp.,  Raillietia  spp.,  Sternostoma  spp.,  Tropilaelaps  spp.,  Varroa  spp.; from the order of the Actinedida (Prostigmata), for example,  Acarapis  spp.,  Cheyletiella  spp.,  Demodex  spp.,  Listrophorus  spp.,  Myobia  spp.,  Neotrombicula  spp.,  Ornithocheyletia  spp.,  Psorergates  spp.,  Trombicula  spp.; and from the order of the Acaridida (Astigmata), for example,  Acarus  spp.,  Caloglyphus  spp.,  Chorioptes  spp.,  Cytodites  spp.,  Hypodectes  spp.,  Knemidocoptes  spp.,  Laminosioptes  spp.,  Notoedres  spp.,  Otodectes  spp.,  Psoroptes  spp.,  Pterolichus  spp.,  Sarcoptes  spp.,  Trixacarus  spp.,  Tyrophagus  spp. 
     Examples of parasitic protozoa include, but are not limited to: Mastigophora ( Flagellata ), such as: 
     Metamonada: from the order of Diplomonadida, for example  Giardia  spp.,  Spironucleus  spp. 
     Parabasala: from the order of Trichomonadida, for example  Histomonas  spp.,  Pentatrichomonas  spp.,  Tetratrichomonas  spp.,  Trichomonas  spp.,  Tritrichomonas  spp. 
     Euglenozoa: from the order of Trypanosomatida, for example  Leishmania  spp.,  Trypanosoma  spp. 
     Sarcomastigophora (Rhizopoda) such as Entamoebidae, for example,  Entamoeba  spp., Centramoebidae, for example  Acanthamoeba  sp., Euamoebidae, e.g.  Hartmanella  sp. 
     Alveolata such as Apicomplexa (Sporozoa): e.g.  Cryptosporidium  spp.; from the order of Eimeriida, for example,  Besnoitia  spp.,  Cystoisospora  spp.,  Eimeria  spp.,  Hammondia  spp.,  Isospora  spp.,  Neospora  spp.,  Sarcocystis  spp.,  Toxoplasma  spp.; from the order of Adeleida, for example,  Hepatozoon  spp.,  Klossiella  spp.; from the order of Haemosporida, for example,  Leucocytozoon  spp.,  Plasmodium  spp.; from the order of Piroplasmida, for example,  Babesia  spp.,  Ciliophora  spp.,  Echinozoon  spp.,  Theileria  spp.; from the order of Vesibuliferida, for example,  Balantidium  spp.,  Buxtonella  spp. 
     Microspora such as  Encephalitozoon  spp.,  Enterocytozoon  spp.,  Globidium  spp.,  Nosema  spp., and also, for example,  Myxozoa  spp. 
     The helminths that are pathogenic to humans or animals include, for example, Acanthocephala, nematodes, Pentastoma and Platyhelminthes (e.g. Monogenea, cestodes and trematodes). 
     Illustrative helminths include, but are not limited to: 
     Monogenea: e.g.:  Dactylogyrus  spp.,  Gyrodactylus  spp.,  Microbothrium  spp.,  Polystoma  spp.,  Troglecephalus  spp.; 
     Cestodes: from the order of Pseudophyllidea, for example:  Bothridium  spp.,  Diphyllobothrium  spp.,  Diplogonoporus  spp.,  Ichthyobothrium  spp.,  Ligula  spp.,  Schistocephalus  spp.,  Spirometra  spp. 
     From the order of Cyclophyllida, for example:  Andyra  spp.,  Anoplocephala  spp.,  Avitellina  spp.,  Bertiella  spp.,  Cittotaenia  spp.,  Davainea  spp.,  Diorchis  spp.,  Diplopylidium  spp.,  Dipylidium  spp.,  Echinococcus  spp.,  Echinocotyle  spp.,  Echinolepis  spp.,  Hydatigera  spp.,  Hymenolepis  spp.,  Joyeuxiella  spp.,  Mesocestoides  spp.,  Moniezia  spp.,  Paranoplocephala  spp.,  Raillietina  spp.,  Stilesia  spp.,  Taenia  spp.,  Thysaniezia  spp.,  Thysanosoma  spp. 
     Trematodes: from the class of Digenea, for example:  Austrobilharzia  spp.,  Brachylaima  spp.,  Calicophoron  spp.,  Catatropis  spp.,  Clonorchis  spp.  Collyriclum  spp.,  Cotylophoron  spp.,  Cyclocoelum  spp.,  Dicrocoelium  spp.,  Diplostomum  spp.,  Echinochasmus  spp.,  Echinoparyphium  spp.,  Echinostoma  spp.,  Eurytrema  spp.,  Fasciola  spp.,  Fasciolides  spp.,  Fasciolopsis  spp.,  Fischoederius  spp.,  Gastrothylacus  spp.,  Gigantobilharzia  spp.,  Gigantocotyle  spp.,  Heterophyes  spp.,  Hypoderaeum  spp.,  Leucochloridium  spp.,  Metagonimus  spp.,  Metorchis  spp.,  Nanophyetus  spp.,  Notocotylus  spp.,  Opisthorchis  spp.,  Ornithobilharzia  spp.,  Paragonimus  spp.,  Paramphistomum  spp.,  Plagiorchis  spp.,  Posthodiplostomum  spp.,  Prosthogonimus  spp.,  Schistosoma  spp.,  Trichobilharzia  spp.,  Troglotrema  spp.,  Typhlocoelum  spp. 
     Nematodes: from the order of Trichinellida, for example:  Capillaria  spp.,  Trichinella  spp.,  Trichomosoides  spp.,  Trichuris  spp. 
     From the order of Tylenchida, for example:  Micronema  spp.,  Parastrangyloides  spp.,  Strongyloides  spp. 
     From the order of Rhabditina, for example:  Aelurostrongylus  spp.,  Amidostomum  spp.,  Ancylostoma  spp.,  Angiostrongylus  spp.,  Bronchonema  spp.,  Bunostomum  spp.,  Chabertia  spp.,  Cooperia  spp.,  Cooperioides  spp.,  Crenosoma  spp.,  Cyathostomum  spp.,  Cyclococercus  spp.,  Cyclodontostomum  spp.,  Cylicocyclus  spp.,  Cylicostephanus  spp.,  Cylindropharynx  spp.,  Cystocaulus  spp.,  Dictyocaulus  spp.,  Elaphostrongylus  spp.,  Filaroides  spp.,  Globocephalus  spp.,  Graphidium  spp.,  Gyalocephalus  spp.,  Haemonchus  spp.,  Heligmosomoides  spp.,  Hyostrongylus  spp.,  Marshallagia  spp.,  Metastrongylus  spp.,  Muellerius  spp.,  Necator  spp.,  Nematodirus  spp.,  Neostrongylus  spp.,  Nippostrongylus  spp.,  Obeliscoides  spp.,  Oesophagodontus  spp.,  Oesophagostomum  spp.,  Ollulanus  spp.;  Ornithostrongylus  spp.,  Oslerus  spp.,  Ostertagia  spp.,  Paracooperia  spp.,  Paracrenosoma  spp.,  Parafilaroides  spp.,  Parelaphostrongylus  spp.,  Pneumocaulus  spp.,  Pneumostrongylus  spp.,  Poteriostomum  spp.,  Protostrongylus  spp.,  Spicocaulus  spp.,  Stephanurus  spp.,  Strongylus  spp.,  Syngamus  spp.,  Teladorsagia  spp.,  Trichonema  spp.,  Trichostrongylus  spp.,  Triodontophorus  spp.,  Troglostrongylus  spp.,  Uncinaria  spp. 
     From the order of Spirurida, for example:  Acanthocheilonema  spp.,  Anisakis  spp.,  Ascaridia  spp.;  Ascaris  spp.,  Ascarops  spp.,  Aspiculuris  spp.,  Baylisascaris  spp.,  Brugia  spp.,  Cercopithifilaria  spp.,  Crassicauda  spp.,  Dipetalonema  spp.,  Dirofilaria  spp.,  Dracunculus  spp.;  Draschia  spp.,  Enterobius  spp.,  Filaria  spp.,  Gnathostoma  spp.,  Gongylonema  spp.,  Habronema  spp.,  Heterakis  spp.;  Litomosoides  spp.,  Loa  spp.,  Onchocerca  spp.,  Oxyuris  spp.,  Parabronema  spp.,  Parafilaria  spp.,  Parascaris  spp.,  Passalurus  spp.,  Physaloptera  spp.,  Probstmayria  spp.,  Pseudofilaria  spp.,  Setaria  spp.,  Skjrabinema  spp.,  Spirocerca  spp.,  Stephanofilaria  spp.,  Strongyluris  spp.,  Syphacia  spp.,  Thelazia  spp.,  Toxascaris  spp.,  Toxocara  spp.,  Wuchereria  spp. 
     Acanthocephala: from the order of Oligacanthorhynchida, for example:  Macracanthorhynchus  spp.,  Prosthenorchis  spp.; from the order of Moniliformida, for example:  Moniliformis  spp. 
     From the order of Polymorphida, for example:  Filicollis  spp.; from the order of Echinorhynchida, for example  Acanthocephalus  spp.,  Echinorhynchus  spp.,  Leptorhynchoides  spp. 
     Pentastoma: from the order of Porocephalida, for example,  Linguatula  spp. 
     In the veterinary field and in animal keeping, the compounds of the formula (I) are administered by methods generally known in the art, such as via the enteral, parenteral, dermal or nasal route in the form of suitable preparations. Administration may be prophylactic, metaphylactic or therapeutic. 
     Thus, one embodiment of the present invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) for use as a medicament. 
     A further aspect relates to the compounds of the formula (I) for use as an antiendoparasitic agent. 
     A further specific aspect of the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) for use as an antihelmintic agent, especially for use as a nematicide, platyhelminthicide, acanthocephalicide or pentastomicide. 
     A further specific aspect of the invention relates to the compounds of the formula (I) for use as an antiprotozoic agent. 
     A further aspect relates to the compounds of the formula (I) for use as an antiectoparasitic agent, especially an arthropodicide, very particularly an insecticide or an acaricide. 
     Further aspects of the invention are veterinary medicine formulations comprising an effective amount of at least one compound of the formula (I) and at least one of the following: a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient (e.g. solid or liquid diluents), a pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary (e.g. surfactants), especially a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient used conventionally in veterinary medicine formulations and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary conventionally used in veterinary medicine formulations. 
     A related aspect of the invention is a method for production of a veterinary medicine formulation as described here, which comprises the step of mixing at least one compound of the formula (I) with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and/or auxiliaries, especially with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients used conventionally in veterinary medicine formulations and/or auxiliaries used conventionally in veterinary medicine formulations. 
     Another specific aspect of the invention is veterinary medicine formulations selected from the group of ectoparasiticidal and endoparasiticidal formulations, especially selected from the group of anthelmintic, antiprotozoic and arthropodicidal formulations, very particularly selected from the group of nematicidal, platyhelminthicidal, acanthocephalicidal, pentastomicidal, insecticidal and acaricidal formulations, according to the aspects mentioned, and methods for production thereof. 
     Another aspect relates to a method for treatment of a parasitic infection, especially an infection caused by a parasite selected from the group of the ectoparasites and endoparasites mentioned here, by use of an effective amount of a compound of the formula (I) in an animal, especially a nonhuman animal, having a need therefor. 
     Another aspect relates to a method for treatment of a parasitic infection, especially an infection caused by a parasite selected from the group of the ectoparasites and endoparasites mentioned here, by use of a veterinary medicine formulation as defined here in an animal, especially a nonhuman animal, having a need therefor. 
     Another aspect relates to the use of the compounds of the formula (I) in the treatment of a parasite infection, especially an infection caused by a parasite selected from the group of the ectoparasites and endoparasites mentioned here, in an animal, especially a nonhuman animal. 
     In the present context of animal health or veterinary medicine, the term “treatment” includes prophylactic, metaphylactic and therapeutic treatment. 
     In a particular embodiment, in this way, mixtures of at least one compound of the formula (I) with other active compounds, especially with endo- and ectoparasiticides, are provided for the field of veterinary medicine. 
     In the field of animal health, “mixture” means not just that two (or more) different active compounds are formulated in a common formulation and are correspondingly employed together, but also relates to products comprising formulations separated for each active compound. Accordingly, when more than two active compounds are to be employed, all active compounds can be formulated in a common formulation or all active compounds can be formulated in separate formulations; likewise conceivable are mixed forms in which some of the active compounds are formulated together and some of the active compounds are formulated separately. Separate formulations allow the separate or successive application of the active compounds in question. 
     The active compounds specified here by their common names are known and are described, for example, in the “Pesticide Manual” (see above) or can be searched for on the Internet (e.g.: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides). 
     Illustrative active compounds from the group of the ectoparasiticides as mixing components include, without any intention that this should constitute a restriction, the insecticides and acaricides listed in detail above. Further usable active compounds are listed below in accordance with the abovementioned classification based on the current IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme: (1) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors; (2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers; (3) sodium channel modulators; (4) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators; (5) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators; (6) glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators; (7) juvenile hormone mimetics; (8) miscellaneous non-specific (multisite) inhibitors; (9) chordotonal organ modulators; (10) mite growth inhibitors; (12) inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, such as ATP disruptors; (13) uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient; (14) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers; (15) inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0; (16) inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1; (17) moulting disruptors (especially in the case of Diptera); (18) ecdysone receptor agonists; (19) octopamine receptor agonists; (21) mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors; (25) mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors; (20) mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors; (22) voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers; (23) inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase; (28) ryanodine receptor modulators; 
     active compounds having unknown or non-specific mechanisms of action, e.g. fentrifanil, fenoxacrim, cycloprene, chlorobenzilate, chlordimeform, flubenzimin, dicyclanil, amidoflumet, quinomethionat, triarathene, clothiazoben, tetrasul, potassium oleate, petroleum, metoxadiazone, gossyplur, flutenzine, brompropylate, cryolite;
 
compounds from other classes, for example butacarb, dimetilan, cloethocarb, phosphocarb, pirimiphos(-ethyl), parathion(-ethyl), methacrifos, isopropyl o-salicylate, trichlorfon, tigolaner, sulprofos, propaphos, sebufos, pyridathion, prothoate, dichlofenthion, demeton-S-methyl sulfone, isazofos, cyanofenphos, dialifos, carbophenothion, autathiofos, aromfenvinfos(-methyl), azinphos(-ethyl), chlorpyrifos(-ethyl), fosmethilan, iodofenphos, dioxabenzofos, formothion, fonofos, flupyrazofos, fensulfothion, etrimfos;
 
organochlorine compounds, for example camphechlor, lindane, heptachlor; or phenylpyrazoles, e.g. acetoprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, vaniliprole, sisapronil; or isoxazolines, e.g. sarolaner, afoxolaner, lotilaner, fluralaner;
 
pyrethroids, e.g. (cis-, trans-)metofluthrin, profluthrin, flufenprox, flubrocythrinate, fubfenprox, fenfluthrin, protrifenbut, pyresmethrin, RU15525, terallethrin, cis-resmethrin, heptafluthrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, fenpyrithrin, cis-cypermethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cyhalothrin (lambda-), chlovaporthrin, or halogenated hydrocarbon compounds (HCHs), neonicotinoids, e.g. nithiazine dicloromezotiaz, triflumezopyrim macrocyclic lactones, e.g. nemadectin, ivermectin, latidectin, moxidectin, selamectin, eprinomectin, doramectin, emamectin benzoate; milbemycin oxime
 
triprene, epofenonane, diofenolan;
 
biologicals, hormones or pheromones, for example natural products, e.g. thuringiensin, codlemone or neem components
 
dinitrophenols, e.g. dinocap, dinobuton, binapacryl;
 
benzoylureas, e.g. fluazuron, penfluron,
 
amidine derivatives, e.g. chlormebuform, cymiazole, demiditraz
 
beehive varroa acaricides, for example organic acids, e.g. formic acid, oxalic acid.
 
     Illustrative active compounds from the group of the endoparasiticides, as mixing components, include, but are not limited to, anthelmintically active compounds and antiprotozoic active compounds. 
     The anthelmintic active ingredients include but are not limited to the following nematicidal, trematicidal and/or cestocidal active ingredients: 
     from the class of the macrocyclic lactones, for example: eprinomectin, abamectin, nemadectin, moxidectin, doramectin, selamectin, lepimectin, latidectin, milbemectin, ivermectin, emamectin, milbemycin;
 
from the class of the benzimidazoles and probenzimidazoles, for example: oxibendazole, mebendazole, triclabendazole, thiophanate, parbendazole, oxfendazole, netobimin, fenbendazole, febantel, thiabendazole, cyclobendazole, cambendazole, albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole, flubendazole;
 
from the class of the depsipeptides, preferably cyclic depsipeptides, especially 24-membered cyclic depsipeptides, for example: emodepside, PF1022A;
 
from the class of the tetrahydropyrimidines, for example: morantel, pyrantel, oxantel; from the class of the imidazothiazoles, for example: butamisole, levamisole, tetramisole; from the class of the aminophenylamidines, for example: amidantel, deacylated amidantel (dAMD), tribendimidine;
 
from the class of the aminoacetonitriles, for example: monepantel;
 
from the class of the paraherquamides, for example: paraherquamide, derquantel; from the class of the salicylanilides, for example: tribromsalan, bromoxanide, brotianide, clioxanide, closantel, niclosamide, oxyclozanide, rafoxanide;
 
from the class of the substituted phenols, for example: nitroxynil, bithionol, disophenol, hexachlorophene, niclofolan, meniclopholan;
 
from the class of the organophosphates, for example: trichlorfon, naphthalofos, dichlorvos/DDVP, crufomate, coumaphos, haloxon;
 
from the class of the piperazinones/quinolines, for example: praziquantel, epsiprantel; from the class of the piperazines, for example: piperazine, hydroxyzine;
 
from the class of the tetracyclines, for example: tetracycline, chlorotetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline;
 
from various other classes, for example: bunamidine, niridazole, resorantel, omphalotin, oltipraz, nitroscanate, nitroxynil, oxamniquin, mirasan, miracil, lucanthon, hycanthon, hetolin, emetin, diethylcarbamazine, dichlorophen, diamfenetide, clonazepam, bephenium, amoscanate, clorsulon.
 
     Antiprotozoic active compounds include, but are not limited to, the following active compounds: 
     from the class of the triazines, for example: diclazuril, ponazuril, letrazuril, toltrazuril;
 
from the class of polyether ionophores, for example: monensin, salinomycin, maduramicin, narasin;
 
from the class of the macrocyclic lactones, for example: milbemycin, erythromycin;
 
from the class of the quinolones, for example: enrofloxacin, pradofloxacin;
 
from the class of the quinines, for example: chloroquine;
 
from the class of the pyrimidines, for example: pyrimethamine;
 
from the class of the sulfonamides, for example: sulfaquinoxaline, trimethoprim, sulfaclozin;
 
from the class of the thiamines, for example: amprolium;
 
from the class of the lincosamides, for example: clindamycin;
 
from the class of the carbanilides, for example: imidocarb;
 
from the class of the nitrofurans, for example: nifurtimox;
 
from the class of the quinazolinone alkaloids, for example: halofuginone;
 
from various other classes, for example: oxamniquin, paromomycin;
 
from the class of the vaccines or antigens from microorganisms, for example:  Babesia canis rossi, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria praecox, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria acervulina, Babesia canis vogeli, Leishmania infantum, Babesia canis canis, Dictyocaulus viviparus.  
 
     All the mixing components mentioned, as the case may be, may also form salts with suitable bases or acids if they are capable of doing so on the basis of their functional groups. 
     Vector Control 
     The compounds of the formula (I) can also be used in vector control. In the context of the present invention, a vector is an arthropod, especially an insect or arachnid, capable of transmitting pathogens, for example viruses, worms, single-cell organisms and bacteria, from a reservoir (plant, animal, human, etc.) to a host. The pathogens can be transmitted either mechanically (for example trachoma by non-stinging flies) onto a host or after injection into a host (for example malaria parasites by mosquitoes). 
     Examples of vectors and the diseases or pathogens they transmit are: 
     1) Mosquitoes
           Anopheles : malaria, filariasis;     Culex : Japanese encephalitis, filariasis, other viral diseases, transmission of other worms;     Aedes : yellow fever, dengue fever, other viral diseases, filariasis;   Simuliidae: transmission of worms, especially  Onchocerca volvulus;      Psychodidae: transmission of leishmaniasis       

     2) Lice: skin infections, epidemic typhus; 
     3) Fleas: plague, endemic typhus, tapeworms; 
     4) Flies: sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis); cholera, other bacterial diseases; 
     5) Mites: acariosis, epidemic typhus, rickettsialpox, tularaemia, Saint Louis encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, borreliosis; 
     6) Ticks: borelliosis such as  Borrelia bungdorferi sensu lato., Borrelia duttoni , tick-borne encephalitis, Q fever ( Coxiella burnetii ),  babesia  ( Babesia canis canis ), ehrlichiosis. 
     Examples of vectors in the context of the present invention are insects, for example aphids, flies, leafhoppers or thrips, which can transmit plant viruses to plants. Other vectors capable of transmitting plant viruses are spider mites, lice, beetles and nematodes. 
     Further examples of vectors in the context of the present invention are insects and arachnids such as mosquitoes, especially of the genera  Aedes, Anopheles , for example  A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, A. funestus, A. dirus  (malaria) and  Culex , Psychodidae such as  Phlebotomus, Lutzomyia , lice, fleas, flies, mites and ticks, which can transmit pathogens to animals and/or humans. 
     Vector control is also possible if the compounds of the formula (I) are resistance-breaking. 
     Compounds of the formula (I) are suitable for use in the prevention of diseases and/or pathogens transmitted by vectors. Thus, a further aspect of the present invention is the use of compounds of the formula (I) for vector control, for example in agriculture, in horticulture, in forests, in gardens and in leisure facilities, and also in the protection of materials and stored products. 
     Protection of Industrial Materials 
     The compounds of the formula (I) are suitable for protecting industrial materials against infestation or destruction by insects, for example from the orders of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera and Zygentoma. 
     Industrial materials in the present context are understood to mean inanimate materials, such as preferably plastics, adhesives, glues, papers and cards, leather, wood, processed wood products and coating compositions. The use of the invention for protection of wood is particularly preferred. 
     In a further embodiment, the compounds of the formula (I) are used together with at least one further insecticide and/or at least one fungicide. 
     In a further embodiment, the compounds of the formula (I) take the form of a ready-to-use pesticide, meaning that they can be applied to the material in question without further modifications. Useful further insecticides or fungicides especially include those mentioned above. 
     Surprisingly, it has also been found that the compounds of the formula (I) can be employed for protecting objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, in particular hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, against fouling. It is equally possible to use the compounds of the formula (I), alone or in combinations with other active compounds, as antifouling compositions. 
     Control of Animal Pests in the Hygiene Sector 
     The compounds of the formula (I) are suitable for controlling animal pests in the hygiene sector. More particularly, the invention can be used in the domestic protection sector, in the hygiene protection sector and in the protection of stored products, particularly for control of insects, arachnids, ticks and mites encountered in enclosed spaces, for example dwellings, factory halls, offices, vehicle cabins, animal breeding facilities. For controlling animal pests, the compounds of the formula (I) are used alone or in combination with other active compounds and/or auxiliaries. They are preferably used in domestic insecticide products. The compounds of the formula (I) are effective against sensitive and resistant species, and against all developmental stages. 
     These pests include, for example, pests from the class Arachnida, from the orders Scorpiones, Araneae and Opiliones, from the classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda, from the class Insecta the order Blattodea, from the orders Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Phthiraptera, Psocoptera, Saltatoria or Orthoptera, Siphonaptera and Zygentoma and from the class Malacostraca the order Isopoda. 
     Application is effected, for example, in aerosols, unpressurized spray products, for example pump and atomizer sprays, automatic fogging systems, foggers, foams, gels, evaporator products with evaporator tablets made of cellulose or plastic, liquid evaporators, gel and membrane evaporators, propeller-driven evaporators, energy-free, or passive, evaporation systems, moth papers, moth bags and moth gels, as granules or dusts, in baits for spreading or bait stations. 
    
    
     PREPARATION EXAMPLES 
     Analytical Determinations 
     The analytical determination methods described below apply to all statements in the entire document unless the respective analytical determination method is specially described in the relevant text passage. 
     Mass Spectrometry 
     The determination of [M+H] +  or M −  by LC-MS under acidic chromatographic conditions was carried out using 1 ml of formic acid per litre of acetonitrile and 0.9 ml of formic acid per litre of Millipore water as mobile phases. The Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 50 mm*2.1 mm, 1.8 μm column was used at a column oven temperature of 55° C. 
     Instruments: 
     LC-MS3: Waters UPLC with SQD2 mass spectrometer and SampleManager sample changer. Linear gradient from 0.0 to 1.70 minutes from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile, from 1.70 to 2.40 minutes constant 95% acetonitrile, flow rate 0.85 ml/min. 
     LC-MS6 and LC-MS7: Agilent 1290 LC, Agilent MSD mass spectrometer, HTS PAL sample changer. Linear gradient from 0.0 to 1.80 minutes from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile, from 1.80 to 2.50 minutes constant 95% acetonitrile, flow rate 1.0 ml/min. 
     The determination of [M+H] +  by LC-MS under neutral chromatographic conditions was carried out using acetonitrile and Millipore water with 79 mg/l ammonium carbonate as mobile phases. 
     Instruments: 
     LC-MS4: Waters IClass Acquity with QDA mass spectrometer and FTN sample changer (column Waters Acquity 1.7 μm 50 mm*2.1 mm, column oven temperature 45° C.). Linear gradient from 0.0 to 2.10 minutes from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile, from 2.10 to 3.00 minutes constant 95% acetonitrile, flow rate 0.7 ml/min. 
     LC-MS5: Agilent 1100 LC system with MSD mass spectrometer and HTS PAL sample changer (column: Zorbax XDB C18 1.8 μm 50 mm*4.6 mm, column oven temperature 55° C.). Linear gradient from 0.0 to 4.25 minutes from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile, from 4.25 to 5.80 minutes constant 95% acetonitrile, flow rate 2.0 ml/min. 
     In all cases, the retention time indices were determined from a calibration measurement of a homologous series of straight-chain alkan-2-ones having 3 to 16 carbons, where the index of the first alkanone was set to 300, the index of the last alkanone was set to 1600 and linear interpolation was carried out between the values of successive alkanones. 
     log P Values 
     The log P values were determined according to EEC Directive 79/831 Annex V.A8 by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) on a reversed-phase column (C18) using the following methods: 
       [a]  The log P value is determined by LC-UV measurement in the acidic range using 0.9 ml/1 formic acid in water and 1.0 ml/1 formic acid in acetonitrile as mobile phases (linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile).
 
 [b]  The log P value is determined by LC-UV measurement in the neutral range using 79 mg/l ammonium carbonate in water and acetonitrile as mobile phases (linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile).
 
     Calibration was carried out using a homologous series of straight-chain alkan-2-ones (having 3 to 16 carbon atoms) with known log P values. The values between successive alkanones are determined by linear regression. 
       1 H NMR Spectra 
     The  1 H NMR spectra were measured with a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz spectrometer fitted with a 1.7 mm TCI sample head using tetramethylsilane as standard (0.00 ppm), of solutions in the solvents CD 3 CN, CDCl 3  or d 6 -DMSO. Alternatively, a Bruker Avance III 600 MHz spectrometer fitted with a 5 mm CPNMP sample head or a Bruker Avance NEO 600 MHz spectrometer fitted with a 5 mm TCI sample head was employed for the measurements. In general, the measurements were carried out at a sample head temperature of 298 K. If other measurement temperatures were used, this is specifically mentioned. 
     The NMR data of selected examples are noted either in conventional form (5 values, multiplet cleavage, number of H atoms) or as NMR peak lists. 
     The solvent in which the NMR spectrum has been recorded has been indicated in each case. 
     1-[3-(Ethylsulfonyl)-2-{5-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl}imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridin-7-yl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example 1-1) and 1-[3-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-{5-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl}imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-7-yl]cyclo-propanecarbonitrile (Example 1-2) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     3.3 mg (0.01 mmol) of sodium tungstate and 0.061 ml (0.70 mmol) of hydrogen peroxide (35% strength solution) were added to a solution of 69 mg (0.14 mmol) of l-[3-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-{5-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl}imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-7-yl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile in acetic acid (4 ml). After 94 h of stirring at room temperature, another 0.061 ml (0.70 mmol) of hydrogen peroxide (35% strength solution) and a small spatula tip of sodium tungstate were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for a further 40 h and then diluted with water and dichloromethane. Sodium bisulfite solution was added and the mixture was stirred at for 30 min. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and freed from the solvent under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column-chromatographic purification via preparative HPLC, and the two products were isolated separately. 
     Sulfone: log P (acidic): 3.18; MH + : 525;  1 H-NMR (400 MHz, D 6 -DMSO) δ ppm: 9.01 (d, 1H), 8.79 (d, 1H), 8.40-8.29 (m, 2H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.36 (dd, 1H), 3.96 (q, 2H), 1.98-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.33 (t, 3H). 
     Sulfoxide: log P (acidic): 2.67; MH + : 509;  1 H-NMR (400 MHz, D 6 -DMSO) δ ppm: 9.09 (d, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.35 (dd, 1H), 3.95 (q, 2H), 1.98-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.33 (t, 3H). 
     1-[3-(Ethylsulfonyl)-2-{5-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl}imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridin-7-yl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example 1-3) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     763 mg (2.39 mmol) of 7-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-(ethylsulfonyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid and 500 mg (2.39 mmol) of 2-amino-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]phenol were initially charged in pyridine (10 ml). 550 mg (2.86 mmol) of EDCI were added and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h. The solvent was removed and the residue was taken up in ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with 1N HCl and saturated sodium chloride solution and then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and freed from the solvent under reduced pressure. The residue was initially charged in toluene (4 ml), and 743 mg (3.91 mmol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 4 A molecular sieve were added. The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 3 days. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in ethyl acetate and water. 
     After phase separation, the aqueous phase was extracted two more times with ethyl acetate and the combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and freed from the solvent under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column-chromatographic purification via preparative HPLC. 
     log P (acidic): 3.63; MH + : 493;  1 H-NMR (400 MHz, D 6 -DMSO) δ ppm: 9.09 (d, 1H), 8.36 (d, 1H), 8.09 (d, 1H), 7.91-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.34 (dd, 1H), 3.94 (q, 2H), 1.98-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.32 (t, 3H). 
     7-(1-Cyanocyclopropyl)-3-(ethylsulfonyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of ethyl-7-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-(ethylsulfonyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate (15 g, crude product) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) and water (50 ml) was cooled to 0° C., and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (5.44 g, 129.7 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 15 min and the tetrahydrofuran was then removed under reduced pressure. The solution that remained was acidified with 1N HCl (pH 4-5) and extracted with a mixture of 10% methanol in dichloromethane (3×). The combined organic phases were dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether and the solid formed was filtered off. 
     MH + : 320;  1 H-NMR (400 MHz, D 6 -DMSO) δ ppm: 13.83 (br s, 1H), 8.96 (d, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H), 7.26 (dd, 1H), 3.65 (q, 2H), 1.94-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.21 (t, 3H). 
     Ethyl 7-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-(ethylsulfonyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Oxone (87.8 g, 285.7 mmol) was added to a solution of ethyl 7-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-(ethylsulfanyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate (18 g, 57.14 mmol) in methanol (100 ml) and water (100 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in water. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (3×). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether and the solid formed was filtered off. The crude product obtained in this manner was used for the next step without further purification. 
     Ethyl 7-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-(ethylsulfanyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Diisopropylethylamine (18 ml, 126 mmol) was added to a solution of ethyl 7-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate (24 g, crude product) in 1,4-dioxane (240 ml), and the solution was degassed with argon for 5 min. Ethanethiol (7.02 ml, 94.5 mmol), xantphos (4.36 g, 7.55 mmol) and Pd 2 dba 3  (2.88 g, 3.15 mmol) were added and the mixture was degassed with argon for 10 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography. 
     MH + : 316;  1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ ppm: 8.53 (d, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 6.97 (d, 1H), 4.49 (q, 2H), 2.94 (q, 2H), 1.87-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.42 (m, 5H), 1.21 (t, 3H). 
     Ethyl 7-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A little at a time, N-iodosuccinimide (29.1 g, 129.4 mmol) was added to a solution of ethyl 7-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate (22 g, crude product) in acetonitrile (220 ml), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in water. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (3×). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether and the solid formed was filtered off. The crude product obtained in this manner was used in the next step without further purification. 
     1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm: 8.24 (d, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, 1H), 4.46 (q, 2H), 1.88-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.43 (m, 5H). 
     Ethyl 7-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Caesium carbonate (86.3 g, 264.6 mmol) and 1,2-dibromoethane (15.2 ml, 176.4 mmol) were added to a solution of ethyl 7-(cyanomethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate (20.2 g, crude product) in acetonitrile (200 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred initially at room temperature for 1 h and then at 70° C. for 2 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in water. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (3×). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether and the solid formed was filtered off. The crude product obtained in this manner was used in the next step without further purification. 
     Ethyl 7-(cyanomethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     NaCN (4.7 g, 95.9 mmol) was added to a solution of ethyl 7-(chloromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate (26 g crude product) in DMSO (260 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether and the solid formed was filtered off. The crude product obtained in this manner was used in the next step without further purification. 
     MH+: 230; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm: 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.17 (d, 1H), 7.65 (d, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H), 4.47 (q, 2H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 1.44 (t, 3H). 
     Ethyl 7-(chloromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Triethylamine (59 ml, 409.08 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (15.5 ml, 204.5 mmol) were added to a solution of ethyl 7-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate (30.0 g, 136.36 mmol) in dichloromethane (300 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with water. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was used in the next step without further purification. 
     MH+: 239; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm: 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 6.93 (d, 1H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 4.43 (q, 2H), 1.42 (t, 3H). 
     Ethyl 7-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Ethyl 3-bromo-2-oxopropanoate (50.3 ml, 387 mmol) and NaHCO 3  (54.2 g, 645 mmol) were added to a solution of (2-aminopyridin-4-yl)methanol (40.0 g, 322.5 mmol) in ethanol (400 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 3 h and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column-chromatographic purification. 
     MH+: 221; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D6-DMSO) δ ppm: 8.50-8.47 (m, 2H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 6.94-6.91 (m, 1H), 5.48 (t, 1H), 4.55 (d, 2H), 4.30 (q, 2H), 1.32 (t, 3H). 
     The following compounds of the formula (I) can be obtained analogously to the examples and in accordance with the preparation processes described above: 
     1-[3-Ethylsulfonyl-2-(5-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-7-yl]cyclo-propane-carbonitrile (Example 1-4) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     log P (acidic): 3.22; MH + : 461;  1 H-NMR (400 MHz, D 6 -DMSO) δ ppm: 9.09 (d, 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 7.89-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.33 (d, 1H), 3.95 (q, 2H), 1.95-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.32 (t, 3H). 
     1-[3-Ethylsulfonyl-2-[5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-7-yl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example 1-5) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     log P (acidic): 3.29; MH+: 477; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, D6-DMSO) δ ppm: 9.08 (d, 1H), 8.04-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 7.33 (d, 1H), 3.94 (q, 2H), 1.94-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.32 (t, 3H). 
     1-[3-Ethylsulfonyl-2-[5-(l, 1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl]imidazo [1,2-a]pyridin-7-yl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example 1-6) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     log P (acidic): 3.68; MH+: 511; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, D6-DMSO) δ ppm: 9.09 (d, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, 1H), 7.86-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 3.95 (q, 2H), 1.95-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.33 (t, 3H). 
     Use Examples 
       Ctenocephalides felis —In Vitro Contact Tests with Adult Cat Fleas 
     For the coating of the test tubes, 9 mg of active compound are first dissolved in 1 ml of acetone p.a. and then diluted to the desired concentration with acetone p.a. 250 μl of the solution are distributed homogeneously on the inner walls and the base of a 25 ml glass tube by turning and rocking on an orbital shaker (rocking rotation at 30 rpm for 2 h). With 900 ppm of active compound solution and internal surface area 44.7 cm 2 , given homogeneous distribution, an area-based dose of 5 μg/cm 2  is achieved. 
     After the solvent has evaporated off, the tubes are populated with 5-10 adult cat fleas ( Ctenocephalides felis ), sealed with a perforated plastic lid and incubated in a horizontal position at room temperature and ambient humidity. After 48 h, efficacy is determined. To this end, the tubes are stood upright and the fleas are knocked to the base of the tube. Fleas which remain motionless at the base or move in an uncoordinated manner are considered to be dead or moribund. 
     A substance shows good efficacy against  Ctenocephalides felis  if at least 80% efficacy was achieved in this test at an application rate of 5 μg/cm 2 . 100% efficacy means that all the fleas were dead or moribund. 0% efficacy means that no fleas were harmed. 
     In this test, for example, the following compounds from the preparation examples show an efficacy of 100% at an application rate of 5 μg/cm 2  (=500 g/ha): 1-3. 
       Rhipicephalus sanguineus —In Vitro Contact Tests with Adult Brown Dog Ticks 
     For the coating of the test tubes, 9 mg of active compound are first dissolved in 1 ml of acetone p.a. and then diluted to the desired concentration with acetone p.a. 250 μl of the solution are distributed homogeneously on the inner walls and the base of a 25 ml glass tube by turning and rocking on an orbital shaker (rocking rotation at 30 rpm for 2 h). With 900 ppm of active compound solution and internal surface area 44.7 cm 2 , given homogeneous distribution, an area-based dose of 5 μg/cm 2  is achieved. 
     After the solvent has evaporated off, the tubes are populated with 5-10 adult dog ticks ( Rhipicephalus sanguineus ), sealed with a perforated plastic lid and incubated in a horizontal position in the dark at room temperature and ambient humidity. After 48 h, efficacy is determined. To this end, the ticks are knocked to the base of the tube and incubated on a hotplate at 45-50° C. for not more than 5 min. Ticks which remain motionless on the base or move in such an uncoordinated manner that they are unable to deliberately avoid the heat by climbing upwards are considered to be dead or moribund. 
     A substance shows good activity against  Rhipicephalus sanguineus  if, in this test, an efficacy of at least 80% was achieved at an application rate of 5 μg/cm 2 . An efficacy of 100% means that all the ticks were dead or moribund. 0% efficacy means that none of the ticks were harmed. 
     In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show an efficacy of 80% at an application rate of 5 μg/cm 2  (=500 g ai/ha): 1-3. 
       Boophilus microplus —Injection Test 
     Solvent: dimethyl sulfoxide 
     To produce a suitable active compound formulation, 10 mg of active compound are mixed with 0.5 ml of solvent and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with solvent. 
     1 μl of the active compound solution is injected into the abdomen of 5 engorged adult female cattle ticks ( Boophilus microplus ). The animals are transferred into dishes and kept in a climate-controlled room. 
     The activity is assessed after 7 days by laying of fertile eggs. Eggs which are not visibly fertile are stored in a climate-controlled cabinet until the larvae hatch after about 42 days. An efficacy of 100% means that none of the ticks has laid any fertile eggs; 0% means that all the eggs are fertile. 
     In this test, for example, the following compounds from the preparation examples show an efficacy of 90% at an application rate of 20 μg/animal: 1-3. 
       Ctenocephalides felis —Oral Test 
     Solvent: dimethyl sulfoxide 
     To produce a suitable active compound formulation, 10 mg of active compound are mixed with 0.5 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide. Dilution with citrated cattle blood gives the desired concentration. 
     About 20 unfed adult cat fleas ( Ctenocephalides felis ) are placed into a chamber which is closed at the top and bottom with gauze. A metal cylinder whose bottom end is closed with parafilm is placed onto the chamber. The cylinder contains the blood/active compound formulation, which can be imbibed by the fleas through the parafilm membrane. 
     After 2 days, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all of the fleas have been killed; 0% means that none of the fleas have been killed. 
     In this test, for example, the following compounds from the preparation examples show an efficacy of 100% at an application rate of 100 ppm: 1-2, 1-3. 
     In this test, for example, the following compounds from the preparation examples show an efficacy of 95% at an application rate of 100 ppm: 1-1. 
       Diabrotica balteata —Spray Test 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Solvents: 
                  78 parts by weight of acetone 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1.5 parts by weight of dimethylformamide 
               
               
                   
                 Emulsifier: 
                 alkylaryl polyglycol ether 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     To produce a suitable active compound formulation, 1 part by weight of active compound is dissolved with the specified parts by weight of solvent and made up to the desired concentration with water containing an emulsifier concentration of 1000 ppm. To produce further test concentrations, the formulation is diluted with emulsifier-containing water. 
     Pre-swollen wheat corns ( Triticum aestivum ) are incubated for one day in a multiwell plate filled with agar and a little water (5 seed corns per cavity). The germinated wheat corns are sprayed with an active compound formulation of the desired concentration. Subsequently, each cavity is infested with 10-20  Diabrotica balteata  beetle larvae. 
     After 7 days, the efficacy in % is determined. 100% means that all wheat plants have grown as in the untreated uninfested control; 0% means that no wheat plant has grown. 
     In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparation examples show an efficacy of 100% at an application rate of 160 μg/cavity: 1-5. 
       Myzus persicae —Spray Test 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Solvent: 
                  78 parts by weight of acetone 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1.5 parts by weight of dimethylformamide 
               
               
                   
                 Emulsifier: 
                 alkylaryl polyglycol ether 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     To produce a suitable active compound formulation, 1 part by weight of active compound is dissolved with the specified parts by weight of solvent and made up to the desired concentration with water containing an emulsifier concentration of 1000 ppm. To produce further test concentrations, the formulation is diluted with emulsifier-containing water. 
     Discs of Chinese cabbage leaves ( Brassica pekinensis ) infested by all stages of the green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae ) are sprayed with an active compound formulation of the desired concentration. 
     After 5 days, the efficacy in % is determined. 100% means that all the aphids have been killed; 0% means that no aphids have been killed. 
     In this test, for example, the following compounds from the preparation examples show an efficacy of 100% at an application rate of 100 g/ha: 1-2. 
       Myzus persicae —Oral Test 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Solvent: 
                 100 parts by weight of acetone 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     To produce a suitable active compound formulation, 1 part by weight of active compound is dissolved with the stated parts by weight of solvent and made up to the desired concentration with water. 
     50 μl of the active compound formulation are transferred into microtitre plates and made up to a final volume of 200 μl with 150 μl of IPL41 insect medium (33%+15% sugar). Subsequently, the plates are sealed with parafilm, which a mixed population of green peach aphids ( Myzus persicae ) within a second microtitre plate is able to puncture and imbibe the solution. 
     After 5 days, the efficacy in % is determined. 100% means that all the aphids have been killed; 0% means that no aphids have been killed. 
     In this test, for example, the following compounds from the preparation examples show an efficacy of 100% at an application rate of 4 ppm: I-1, I-2. 
       Phaedon cochleariae —Spray Test 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Solvent: 
                 78.0 parts by weight of acetone 
               
               
                   
                   
                  1.5 parts by weight of dimethylformamide 
               
               
                   
                 Emulsifier: 
                 alkylaryl polyglycol ether 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     To produce a suitable active compound formulation, 1 part by weight of active compound is dissolved with the specified parts by weight of solvent and made up to the desired concentration with water containing an emulsifier concentration of 1000 ppm. To produce further test concentrations, the formulation is diluted with emulsifier-containing water. 
     Discs of Chinese cabbage leaves ( Brassica pekinensis ) are sprayed with an active compound formulation of the desired concentration and, after drying, populated with larvae of the mustard beetle ( Phaedon cochleariae ). 
     After 7 days, the efficacy in % is determined. 100% means that all the beetle larvae have been killed; 0% means that no beetle larvae have been killed. 
     In this test, for example, the following compounds from the preparation examples show an efficacy of 100% at an application rate of 100 g/ha: I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4. 
       Spodoptera frugiperda —Spray Test 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Solvent: 
                 78.0 parts by weight of acetone 
               
               
                   
                   
                  1.5 parts by weight of dimethylformamide 
               
               
                   
                 Emulsifier: 
                 alkylaryl polyglycol ether 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     To produce a suitable active compound formulation, 1 part by weight of active compound is dissolved with the specified parts by weight of solvent and made up to the desired concentration with water containing an emulsifier concentration of 1000 ppm. To produce further test concentrations, the formulation is diluted with emulsifier-containing water. 
     Leaf discs of maize ( Zea mays ) are sprayed with an active compound formulation of the desired concentration and, after drying, populated with caterpillars of the fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ). 
     After 7 days, the efficacy in % is determined. 100% means that all the caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that no caterpillar has been killed. 
     In this test, for example, the following compounds from the preparation examples show an efficacy of 100% at an application rate of 100 g/ha: I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4. 
     In this test, for example, the following compounds from the preparation examples show an efficacy of 83% at an application rate of 100 g/ha: 1-5.