Patent Publication Number: US-PP28937-P3

Title: Ilex plant named ‘NCIV3’

Description:
Latin name of the genus and species: The Latin name of the novel plant variety disclosed herein is  Ilex verticillata.    
     Variety denomination: The inventive seedling selection of  Ilex verticillata  disclosed herein has been given the varietal denomination ‘NCIV3’. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention comprises a new and distinct male winterberry holly cultivar hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name ‘NCIV3’. This new holly was developed at North Carolina State University, Mills River, N.C. ‘NCIV3’ was selected from a population of seedlings grown from an open-pollinated selection of  Ilex verticillata  (NCSU 1998-538, unpatented, parentage unknown). ‘NCIV3’ was selected based on its compact form. DNA content of ‘NCIV3’ was determined using flow cytometry and found to be approximately twice that of  I. verticillata  ‘Southern Gentleman’ indicating that ‘NCIV3’ is a natural tetraploid. 
     The first asexual propagation of ‘NCIV3’ was carried out in July 2008 by rooting stem cuttings at the North Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Mills River, N.C. and has been asexually reproduced repeatedly by vegetative cuttings over a 9 year period. ‘NCIV3’ roots readily from softwood cuttings treated with a basal dip of 2,500-5,000 ppm indole butyric acid (potassium salt) in water. ‘NCIV3’ has been found to retain its distinctive characteristics through successive asexual propagations. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The following are the unique combination of characteristics of this new cultivar when grown under standard horticultural practices at North Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Mills River, N.C.
         1. Compact habit and small stature.   2. Male selection (dioecious).   3. 2C DNA content of approximately 4.27 pg indicating it is a tetraploid cytotype.       

    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       This new holly is illustrated by the accompanying photograph which show the plant&#39;s form. The colors shown are as true as can be reasonably obtained by conventional photographic procedures. Colors in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited in the detailed botanical description, which accurately describe the colors of the new hybrid holly. 
         FIG. 1  is a color photograph showing the form ‘NCIV3’ in early spring 2014 on a nine-year-old plant in Mills River, N.C. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION 
     The following is a detailed description of the botanical characteristics of the new and distinct holly variety known by the denomination ‘NCIV3’. The detailed description was taken on a nine-year-old field-grown plant in Mills River, N.C. in 2014. All colors cited herein refer to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (The Royal Horticultural Society (R.H.S.), London, 2001 Edition). Where specific dimensions, sizes, colors, and other characteristics are given, it is to be understood that such characteristics are approximations or averages set forth as accurately as practicable. 
     Technical Description of the Variety 
     
         
         Classification:
             Botanical name.—Ilex verticillata  ‘NCIV3’.     Common name .—Winterberry holly.       
     
         Parentage: Seedling grown from an open-pollinated selection of  Ilex verticillata , NCSU 1998-538 (unpatented). 
         Plant description:
             Growth habit .—Deciduous shrub. Compact, rounded/oval in shape.     Height .—About 78 cm after nine years.     Width .—About 82 cm after nine years.       
     
         Shoot and stem:
             Mature stem texture .—Finely pubescent, with lenticels.     Mature stem color .—Brown (197B) with brown (N200D) lenticels.       
     
         Lateral branches:
             Length .—About 15 cm.     Diameter .—About 4 mm.     Internode length .—About 3.5 cm.     Strength .—Strong.     Texture .—Smooth, glabrous.     Color .—Immature: Green (138A). Mature: Grayed-green (198A).     Lenticels .—Length: About 1 mm. Diameter: About 1 mm. Color: Grey-brown (199C) to grey-brown (199D).       
     
         Roots: Fibrous, freely branching. 
         Leaves:
             Arrangement .—Alternate, single.     Length .—Avg. 4.5 cm (1.5 to 7.5 cm).     Width .—Avg. 2.25 cm (1.1 to 3.4 cm).     Shape .—Elliptic.     Apex .—Apiculate.     Base .—Attenuate.     Margin .—Serrulate.     Venation pattern .—Pinnate.     Texture .—Upper Surface: Smooth, glabrous. Lower Surface: Pubescent, slightly rugose.     Fragrance .—None.     Aspect .—Flat.     Quantity per lateral branch.— 75 to 150.     Emerging leaves .—Color: Upper: Yellow-Green (144A). Lower: Yellow-green (144A).     Mature leaves during growing season .—Color: Upper: Green (139A). Lower: Green (147B).     Venation .—Upper Surface: Green (137A). Lower Surface: Yellow-green (145C).     Petiole .—Length: Avg. 9 mm (5 to 13 mm). Diameter: Avg. 0.67 mm (0.4 to 0.94 mm). Texture: Upper: Glabrous. Lower: Glabrous. Color: Upper: Yellow-green (145C). Lower: Yellow-green (145C).     Leaf bud .—Length: 1 mm. Diameter: 1 mm. Texture: Slightly rough.     Stipules .—Not present.       
     
         Inflorescence:
             Description .—Small axillary cup shaped flowers, solitary. Flowers face upright to outward. Flowers not persistent.     Number of true flowers per inflorescence.— 1.     Flowering season .—Summer; June and July in Mills River, N.C.     Fragrance .—None detected.     Bud .—Shape: Globular. Length: About 2 mm. Diameter: About 2 mm. Color: Green-white (157A).     Flower .—Diameter: 1 mm. Length: 1 mm.     Petal .—Arrangement: Whorl. Number: 7. Fused: Not fused. Texture: Smooth. Shape: Oblong. Margin: Entire. Apex: Rounded. Base: Attenuate. Length: About 4 mm. Width: About 2 mm. Texture: Upper: Smooth, glabrous. Lower: Smooth, glabrous. Color when opening: Upper: White (157B). Lower: White (157A). Color at anthesis: Upper: Green-white (157B). Lower: Green-white (157A).     Sepal .—Quantity per flower: 7. Length: About 2.5 mm. Width: About 2 mm. Shape: Deltoid. Apex: Acute. Base: Fused. Margin: Entire. Texture: Upper: Smooth, glabrous. Lower: Smooth, glabrous. Color: Upper: Yellow-green (144A). Lower: Yellow-green (144A).     Peduncle .—Length: About 2 mm. Diameter: About 1 mm. Orientation: About 20 to 40 degrees from vertical. Strength: Strong. Color: Yellow-green (144A).       
     
         Reproductive traits:
             Sex .—Functional male (dioecious).     Gynoecium .—None.     Androcoecium .—Stamen number: 7. Anther shape: Narrowly deltoid. Anther attachment: Basifixed. Anther size: About 1 mm long and less than 0.5 mm wide. Anther color: Green-white (157D). Amount of pollen: Abundant. Pollen color: Near RHS Yellow 9A.     Fruit and seed .—Male selection. No fruit or seed present.       
     
         DNA content: 2C DNA contend was determined following the methods of Shearer and Ranney (2013) using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorochrome stain and  Pisum sativum  ‘Ctirad’ (unpatented) as an internal standard with 3 replications. Mean 2C DNA content for ‘NCIV3’ was 4.27±0.07 (SEM) pg, approximately twice the value of  I. verticillata  ‘Southern Gentleman’ with a DNA content of 1.93±0.05 (SEM) pg indicating that ‘NCIV3’ is a tetraploid. 
         Disease and insect resistance: No significant disease or insect pests have been observed. 
         Cold hardiness: At least USDA zone 5; testing has not been completed in colder zones. 
       
    
     COMPARISON WITH COMMERCIAL CULTIVARS 
     Table 1 shows comparison of distinguishing characteristics between  Ilex verticillata  ‘NCIV3’, the female parent (NCSU 1998-538), and the commercial cultivar ‘Southern Gentleman’. ‘NCIV3’ is distinguished from  Ilex verticillata  ‘Southern Gentleman’ by having twice the genomic DNA content indicating it is a tetraploid and having a smaller, more compact stature. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparison of  Ilex verticillata  taxa 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Taxa 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 
                   Ilex verticillata 
                 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ‘Southern 
                 
                   Ilex verticillata 
                 
                 
                   Ilex verticillata 
                 
               
               
                 Trait 
                 Gentleman’ 
                 NCSU 1998-538 
                 ‘NCIV3’ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Plant height &amp; 
                 About 
                 About 
                 About 
               
               
                 diameter 
                 96 in. × 96 in. 
                 50 in. × 50 in. 
                 31 in. × 33 in. 
               
               
                 Plant habit 
                 Erect, rounded 
                 Rounded 
                 Compact, roughly 
               
               
                   
                 shape 
                   
                 rounded shape 
               
               
                 DNA content (pg) 
                 1.93 ± 0.05 
                 4.33 ± 0.05 
                 4.27 ± 0.07 
               
               
                 mean ± SEM 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Estimated ploidy 
                 Diploid 
                 Tetraploid 
                 Tetraploid 
               
               
                 level 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Sex 
                 Male 
                 Female 
                 Male