Patent Publication Number: US-2016225232-A1

Title: Supplementary mode of an interleaved wagering system

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The current application is a continuation of Patent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT/US14/59563, filed Oct. 7, 2014, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/887,758, filed Oct. 7, 2013, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     This application references Patent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT/US11/26768, filed Mar. 1, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,632,395, issued Jan. 21, 2014, Patent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT/US11/63587, filed Dec. 6, 2011, published as US Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0296021 A1, and Patent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT/US12/58156, filed Sep. 29, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,790,170, issued Jul. 29, 2014, the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to communications within data processing systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to the communication and processing of wagering data. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The gaming industry has traditionally developed electronic gaming machines that present simple wagering games to a user. The communication and processing needs for these simple wagering games are easily met using conventional processing systems. However, more complicated wagering games need communication and processing systems that are better suited for implementing these more complicated wagering games. Various aspects of embodiments of the present invention meet such a need. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention provide a communication and data processing system constructed for an interleaved wagering system. 
     In an example embodiment, an interleaved skill wagering game system, includes a player&#39;s gaming device constructed to: communicate, to an application controller, application telemetry associated with an interactive application provided by the player&#39;s gaming device; a real credit controller constructed to: determine a wager result associated with a received wager request; and communicate, to the application controller, the wager result associated with the received wager request; and the application controller operatively connected to the player&#39;s gaming device and the real credit controller, where the application controller is constructed to: receive, from the player&#39;s gaming device, application telemetry; upon receiving the application telemetry, determine whether to trigger a supplementary mode; when triggering the supplementary mode is determined, communicate, to the player&#39;s gaming device, a notification to provide a supplementary mode session, where the player&#39;s gaming device is further constructed to: receive, from the application-controller, the notification to provide the supplementary mode session; provide the supplementary mode session; communicate, to the application controller, results of the supplementary mode session, and where the application controller is further constructed to: receive, from the player&#39;s gaming device, the results of the supplementary mode session; and when the received results are successful, communicate, to a benefit pool controller, a request for benefits. 
     In numerous embodiments, the player&#39;s gaming device and the application controller are constructed from a same device, and where the application controller is operatively connected to the real credit controller by a network. 
     In various embodiments, the real credit controller and the application controller are constructed from a same device, and where the application controller is operatively connected to the player&#39;s gaming device by a network. 
     In many embodiments, the application controller is further constructed to store a parameter value; and update the parameter value based on the received application telemetry, and where triggering the supplementary mode is based on whether the updated parameter value exceeds a threshold value. 
     In numerous embodiments, triggering the supplementary mode is based on an indication received from a third party. 
     In various embodiments, the benefit pool controller is constructed to: accumulate a benefit pool; receive, from the application controller, the request for benefits; and communicate, to the application controller, benefits, based on the request for benefits. 
     In many embodiments, the benefit pool is accumulated based on a benefit contribution received from the real credit controller. 
     In numerous embodiments, the benefit pool is accumulated based on benefits received from a third party, where the third party is an operator of the interleaved skill wagering game system. 
     In various embodiments, the results of the supplementary mode session are based on skill. 
     In many embodiments, the results of the supplementary mode session are based on chance. 
     In numerous embodiments, the results of the supplementary mode session are based on skill and chance. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of a structure of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D  are illustrations of interactive controllers of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C  are network diagrams of distributed interleaved wagering systems in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  are diagrams of a structure of an interactive controller of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 5A and 5B  are diagrams of a structure of a wager controller of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 6A and 6B  are diagrams of a structure of an application controller of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a sequence diagram of interactions between components of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a collaboration diagram for components of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram of interactions between various components of the system and processes in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram of the structure of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a sequence diagram of interactions between components of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     An interleaved wagering system interleaves wagering with non-wagering activities. In some embodiments of an interleaved wagering system an interactive application executed by an interactive controller provides non-wagering components of the interleaved wagering system. The interactive controller is operatively connected to an application controller that manages and configures the interactive application of the interactive controller and determines when wagers should be interleaved with the operations of the interactive application. The application controller is further operatively connected to a wager controller that provides one or more wagering propositions for one or more wagers. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive controller also includes a wagering user interface that is used to display data about a wagering process, including but not limited a wager outcome of a wager made in accordance with a wagering proposition. The content of the wagering user interface is controlled by the application controller and includes content provided by the wager controller. 
     In several embodiments, a user or user interactions are represented in an interleaved wagering system by the electronic representation of interactions between the user and the interactive application, typically received via a user interface of the interactive application, and a user profile of the interleaved wagering system associated with the user. 
     Many different types of interactive applications may be utilized with the interleaved wagering system. In some embodiments, the interactive application reacts to the physical activity of the user. In these embodiments, the user interacts with the interactive application through one or more sensors that monitor the user&#39;s physical activities. Such sensors may include, but are not limited to, physiological sensors that monitor the physiology of the user, environmental sensors that monitor the physical environment of the user, accelerometers that monitor changes in motion of the user, and location sensors that monitor the location of the user such as global positioning sensors. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive application is a skill-based interactive game that is played by the user. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive application is a tool used by the user to achieve some useful goal. 
     In operation, a user interacts with the interactive application using various types of elements of the interactive application in an interactive application environment. Elements are interactive application resources utilized by the user within the interactive application environment to provide an interactive experience for the user. Wagers of credits are made in accordance with a wagering proposition as triggered by the user&#39;s use of one or more of the elements of the interactive application. Wager outcomes of wagers of credits made in accordance with the wagering proposition can cause consumption, loss or accrual of credits. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, wager outcomes of wagering events can influence elements in the interactive application such as, but not limited to, providing one or more new elements, restoring one or more consumed elements, causing the loss of one or more elements, and restoration or placement of one or more fixed elements. 
     In various embodiments, the wagers may be made using real world credit (RC). In some embodiments, RC can be one or more credits that are purchased using, and redeemed in, a real world currency having a real world value. 
     In many embodiments, RC can be one or more credits in a virtual currency. Virtual currency can be thought of as a form of alternate currency that can be acquired, purchased or transferred in unit or in bulk by or to a user but does not necessarily directly correlate to a real currency. In many such embodiments, RC are allowed to be purchased using a real world currency but are prevented from being redeemed in a real world currency having a real world value. 
     In several embodiments, during interaction with the interactive application using the elements, a user can optionally consume and/or accrue application environment credit (AC) within the interactive application as a result of the user&#39;s use of the interactive application. AC can be in the form of, but is not limited to, application environment credits, experience points, and points generally. 
     In various embodiments, when the interactive application is a skill-based interactive game, AC is awarded to a player of the skill-based interactive game on the basis of the player&#39;s skillful play of the skill-based interactive game. In such embodiments, AC may be analogous to the score in a typical video game. The skill-based interactive game can have one or more scoring criteria, embedded within an application controller and/or an interactive controller that provides the skill-based interactive game that reflect user performance against goal(s) of the skill-based interactive game. 
     In many embodiments, AC can be used to purchase in-game items, including but not limited to, elements that have particular properties, power ups for existing items, and other item enhancements. In many embodiments, AC may be used to earn entrance into a sweepstakes drawing, to earn entrance in a tournament with prizes, to score in the tournament, and/or to participate and/or score in any other game event. In many embodiments, AC can be stored on a user-tracking card or in a network-based user tracking system where the AC is attributed to a specific user. 
     In many embodiments, a wagering proposition includes a wager of AC for a wager outcome of a randomly generated payout of interactive application AC, elements, and/or objects in accordance with a wagering proposition. 
     In a number of embodiments, a wager of an amount of RC results in a wager outcome of a payout of AC, elements, and/or objects that have an RC value if cashed out. 
     In some embodiments, in a case that an interactive application is a skill-based interactive game, interactive application objects include in-game objects that may be used by a player of the skill-based interactive game to enhance the player&#39;s gameplay of the skill-based interactive game. Such objects include, but are not limited to, power-ups, enhanced in-game items, and the like. In some embodiments, the interactive application objects include objects that are detrimental to the player&#39;s play of the skill-based interactive game such as, but not limited to, obstructions in the game space, a temporary player handicap, an enhanced opponent, and the like. 
     In some embodiments, elements in an interactive application include, but are not limited to, enabling elements (EE) that are interactive application environment resources utilized during the user&#39;s use of the interactive application and whose utilization by the user while using the interactive application triggers execution of a wager in accordance with a wagering proposition. In another embodiment, elements in an interactive application include, but are not limited to, a reserve enabling element (REE), that is an element that converts into one or more enabling elements upon occurrence of a release event during an interactive session. In yet another embodiment, elements in an interactive application include, but are not limited to, an actionable element (AE) that is an element that is acted upon during use of the interactive application to trigger a wager in accordance with a wagering proposition and may or may not be restorable during normal play of the interactive application. In yet another embodiment, elements in an interactive application include, but are not limited to, a common enabling element (CEE) that is an element that may be shared by two or more users and causes a wagering event and associated wager to be triggered in accordance with the wagering proposition when used by one of the users during use of the interactive application. In some embodiments, in progressing through interactive application use, a user can utilize elements during interactions with a controlled entity (CE). A CE is a character, entity, inanimate object, device or other object under control of a user. 
     In accordance with some embodiments of an interleaved wagering system, the triggering of the wagering event and/or wager can be dependent upon an interactive application environment variable such as, but not limited to, a required object (RO), a required environmental condition (REC), or a controlled entity characteristic (CEC). A RO is a specific interactive application object in an interactive application acted upon for an AE to be completed. A non-limiting example of an RO is a specific key needed to open a door. An REC is an interactive application state present within an interactive application for an AE to be completed. A non-limiting example of an REC is daylight whose presence enables a character to walk through woods. A CEC is a status of the CE within an interactive application for an AE to be completed. A non-limiting example of a CEC is requirement that a CE have full health points before entering battle. Although various interactive application resources such as, but not limited to, the types of interactive application elements as discussed herein may be used to trigger a wager in accordance with a wagering proposition, one skilled in the art will recognize that any interactive application resource can be utilized in an interleaved wagering system to trigger of a wager as appropriate to the specification of a specific application in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
     In several embodiments, an interleaved wagering system can utilize an application controller to monitor use of the interactive application executed by an interactive controller for detecting a trigger of a wagering event. The trigger for the wagering event can be detected by the application controller from the utilization of the interactive application in accordance with at least one wagering event occurrence rule. The trigger of the wagering event can be communicated to a wager controller. In response to notification of the trigger, the wager controller executes a wager in accordance with a wagering proposition. In addition, use of an interactive application in an interleaved wagering system can be modified by the application controller based upon the wager outcome. 
     In several embodiments, a wagering event occurrence can be determined from one or more application environment variables within an interactive application that are used to trigger a wager and/or associated wager in accordance with a wagering proposition. Application environment variables can include, but are not limited to, passage of a period of time during interleaved wagering system interactive application use, a result from an interleaved wagering system interactive application session (such as, but not limited to, achieving a goal or a particular score), a user action that is a consumption of an element, or a user action that achieves a combination of elements to be associated with a user profile. 
     In numerous embodiments, an interactive application instruction is an instruction to an interactive controller and/or an interactive application to modify an interactive application state or modify one or more interactive application resources. In some embodiments, the interactive application instructions may be based upon one or more of a wager outcome and application environment variables. An interactive application instruction can modify any aspect of an interactive application, such as, but not limited to, an addition of a period of time available for a current interactive application session for the interactive application of interleaved wagering system, an addition of a period of time available for a future interleaved wagering system interactive application session or any other modification to the interactive application elements that can be utilized during interactive application use. In some embodiments, an interactive application instruction can modify a type of element whose consumption triggers a wagering event occurrence. In many embodiments, an interactive application instruction can modify a type of element whose consumption is not required in a wagering event occurrence. 
     In a number of embodiments, a user interface can be utilized that depicts a status of the interactive application in the interleaved wagering system. A user interface can depict any aspect of an interactive application including, but not limited to, an illustration of interleaved wagering system interactive application use advancement as a user uses the interleaved wagering system. 
     In some embodiments, an interleaved wagering system including an application controller operatively connected to a wager controller and operatively connected to an interactive controller may provide for interleaving entertainment content from an interactive application. The interleaved wagering system provides for random wager outcomes in accordance with the wagering proposition that are independent of user skill while providing an interactive experience to the user that may be shaped by the user&#39;s skill. 
     In several embodiments, an application controller of an interleaved wagering system may provide for a communications interface for asynchronous communications between a wager controller and an interactive application provided by an interactive controller, by operatively connecting the interactive controller, and thus the interactive controller&#39;s interactive application, with the wager controller. In some embodiments, asynchronous communications provided for by an interleaved wagering system may reduce an amount of idle waiting time by an interactive controller of the interleaved wagering system, thus increasing an amount of processing resources that the interactive controller may provide to an interactive application or other processes of the interactive controller. In many embodiments, asynchronous communications provided for by an interleaved wagering system reduces an amount of idle waiting time by a wager controller, thus increasing an amount of processing resources that the wager controller may provide to execution of wagers to determine wager outcomes, and other processes provided by the wager controller. In some embodiments, a wager controller of an interleaved wagering system may be operatively connected to a plurality of interactive controllers through one or more application controllers and the asynchronous communications provided for by the one or more application controllers allows the wager controller to operate more efficiently and provide wager outcomes to a larger number of interactive controllers than would be achievable without the one or more application controllers of the interleaved wagering system. 
     In some embodiments, an interleaved wagering system including an application controller operatively connected to a wager controller and operatively connected to an interactive controller may provide for simplified communication protocols for communications of the interactive controller as the interactive controller may communicate user interactions with an interactive application provided by the interactive controller to the application controller without regard to a nature of a wagering proposition to be interleaved with processes of the interactive application. 
     In various embodiments, an interleaved wagering system including an application controller operatively connected to a wager controller and operatively connected to an interactive controller may provide for simplified communication protocols for communications of the wager controller as the wager controller may receive wager requests and communicate wager outcomes without regard to a nature of an interactive application provided by the interactive controller. 
     Various types interleaved wagering systems are discussed in Patent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT/US11/26768, filed Mar. 1, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,632,395, issued Jan. 21, 2014, Patent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT/US11/63587, filed Dec. 6, 2011, and Patent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT/US12/58156, filed Sep. 29, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,790,170, issued Jul. 29, 2014, the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     Wagering Interleaved Systems 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram of a structure of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The interleaved wagering system  128  includes an interactive controller  120 , an application controller  112 , and a wager controller  102 . The interactive controller  120  is operatively connected to, and communicates with, the application controller  112 . The application controller  112  is also operatively connected to, and communicates with, the wager controller  102 . 
     In several embodiments, the wager controller  102  is a controller for providing one or more wagering propositions provided by the interleaved wagering system  128  and executes wagers in accordance with the wagering propositions. Types of value of a wager can be one or more of several different types. Types of value of a wager can include, but are not limited to, a wager of an amount of RC corresponding to a real currency or a virtual currency, a wager of an amount of AC earned by the player through use of an interactive application, a wager of an amount of elements of an interactive application, and a wager of an amount of objects used in an interactive application. A wager outcome determined for a wager in accordance with a wagering proposition can increase or decrease an amount of the type of value used in the wager, such as, but not limited to, increasing an amount of RC for a wager of RC. In various embodiments, a wager outcome determined for a wager in accordance with a wagering proposition can increase or decrease an amount of a type of value that is different than a type of value of the wager, such as, but not limited to, increasing an amount of an object of an interactive application for a wager of RC. 
     In many embodiments, the wager controller  120  includes one or more pseudo random or random number generators (P/RNG)  106  for generating random results, one or more paytables  108  for determining a wager outcome from the random results, and one or more credit or value meters  110  for storing amounts of wagered and won credits. 
     The one or more P/RNG generators  106  execute processes that can generate random or pseudo random results. The one or more paytables  108  are tables that can be used in conjunction with the random or pseudo random results to determine a wager outcome including an amount of RC, AC, elements or objects won as a function of interleaved wagering system use. There can be one or more paytables  108  in the wager controller  102 . The paytables  108  are used to implement one or more wagering propositions in conjunction with a random output of the random or pseudo random results. 
     In some embodiments, selection of a paytable to use to execute a wager can be based on factors including, but not limited to, interactive application progress a user has achieved through use of the interactive application, user identification, and eligibility of the user for bonus rounds. 
     In various embodiments, the interactive controller  120  provides an interactive application  143  and provides human input devices (HIDs) and output devices for interacting with the user  140 . The interactive controller  120  provides for user interactions  142  with the interactive application  143  by receiving input from a user through the HIDs and providing outputs such as video, audio and/or other sensory output to the user using the output devices. 
     The interactive controller  120  is operatively connected to, and communicates with, the application controller  112 . The interactive controller communicates application telemetry data  124  to the application controller  112  and receives application instructions and resources  136  from the application controller  112 . Via the communication of application instructions and resources  136 , the application controller  112  can communicate certain interactive application resources including control parameters to the interactive application  143  to affect the interactive application&#39;s execution by the interactive controller  120 . In various embodiments, these interactive application control parameters can be based on a wager outcome of a wager that was triggered by an element in the interactive application being utilized or acted upon by the user. 
     In some embodiments, execution of the interactive application by the interactive controller  120  communicates user interactions with the interactive application to the application controller  112 . The application telemetry data  124  includes, but is not limited to, the user&#39;s utilization of the elements in the interactive application. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive application  143  is a skill-based interactive game. In such embodiments, execution of the skill-based interactive game by the interactive controller  120  is based on the user&#39;s skillful play of the skill-based interactive game. The interactive controller  120  can also communicate user choices made in the skill-based interactive game to the application controller  112  included in the application telemetry data  124  such as, but not limited to, the user&#39;s utilization of the elements of the skill-based interactive game during the user&#39;s skillful play of the skill-based interactive game. In such an embodiment, the application controller is interfaced to the interactive controller  120  in order to allow the coupling of the skill-based interactive game to wagers made in accordance with a wagering proposition. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive controller  120  includes one or more sensors  138  that sense various aspects of the physical environment of the interactive controller  120 . Examples of sensors include, but are not limited to: global positioning sensors (GPSs) for sensing communications from a GPS system to determine a position or location of the interactive controller; temperature sensors; accelerometers; pressure sensors; and the like. Sensor telemetry data  128  is communicated by the interactive controller to the application controller  112 . The application controller  112  receives the sensor telemetry data  128  and uses the sensory telemetry data to make wager decisions. 
     In many embodiments, the interactive controller includes a wagering user interface  148  used to display wagering data to the user. 
     In various embodiments, an application control layer  131  resident in the interactive controller  120  provides an interface between the interactive controller  120  and the application controller  112 . 
     In many embodiments, application controller  112  provides an interface between the interactive application  143  provided by the interactive controller  120  and a wagering proposition provided by the wager controller  102 . 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  112  includes an interactive controller interface  160  to an interactive controller. The interactive controller interface  160  provides for the communication of data between the interactive controller and the application controller, including but not limited to wager telemetry data  146 , application instructions and resources  136 , application telemetry data  124 , and sensor telemetry data  128 . 
     In various embodiments, the application controller  112  includes a wager controller interface  162  to a wager controller. The wager controller interface  162  provides for communication of data between the application controller  112  and the wager controller, including but not limited to wager outcome data  130  and wager data  129 . 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  112  includes a user management controller interface  164  to a user management controller. The user management controller interface  164  provides for communication of data between the application controller  112  and the user management controller, including but not limited to session control data  154  and session telemetry data  152 . 
     The application controller  112  includes a business rule decision engine  122  that receives telemetry data, such as application telemetry data  124  and sensor telemetry data  128 , from the interactive controller  120 . The business rule decision engine  122  uses the telemetry data, along with trigger logic  126  to generate wager data  129  used to trigger a wager in the wager controller  102 . 
     In some embodiments, the application telemetry data  124  includes, but is not limited to, application environment variables that indicate the state of the interactive application  143  being used by a user  140 , interactive controller data indicating the state of the interactive controller, and user actions and interactions  142  between the user and the interactive application  143  provided by the interactive controller  120 . The wagering and/or wager data  129  may include, but is not limited to, an amount and type of the wager, a trigger of the wager, and a selection of a paytable  108  to be used when executing the wager. 
     In some embodiments, the business rule decision engine  122  also receives wager outcome data  130  from the wager controller  102 . The decision engine  122  uses the wager outcome data  130 , in conjunction with the telemetry data and application logic  132  to generate application decisions  134  communicated to an application resource generator  138 . The application resource generator  138  receives the application decisions and uses the application decisions to generate application instructions and application resources  136  to be communicated to the interactive application  143 . 
     In many embodiments, the application controller  112  includes a pseudo random or random result generator used to generate random results that are communicated to the application resource generator  138 . The application resource generator  138  uses the random results to generate application instructions and application resources  136  to be communicated to the interactive application  143 . 
     In various embodiments, the business rule decision engine  122  also determines an amount of AC to award to the user  140  based at least in part on the user&#39;s use of the interactive application of the interleaved wagering system as determined from the application telemetry data  124 . In some embodiments, wager outcome data  130  may also be used to determine the amount of AC that should be awarded to the user. 
     In numerous embodiments, the interactive application is a skill-based interactive game and the AC is awarded to the user for the user&#39;s skillful play of the skill-based interactive game. 
     In some embodiments, the application decisions  134  and wager outcome data  130  are communicated to a wagering user interface generator  144 . The wagering user interface generator  144  receives the application decisions  134  and wager outcome data  130  and generates wager telemetry data  146  describing the state of wagering and credit accumulation and loss for the interleaved wagering system. In some embodiments, the wager telemetry data  146  may include, but is not limited to, amounts of AC and elements earned, lost or accumulated by the user through use of the interactive application as determined from the application decisions, and RC amounts won, lost or accumulated as determined from the wager outcome data  130  and the one or more meters  110 . 
     In some embodiments, the wager outcome data  130  also includes data about one or more game states of a gambling game executed in accordance with a wagering proposition by the wager controller  102 . In various such embodiments, the wagering user interface generator  144  generates a gambling game process display and/or gambling game state display using the one or more game states of the gambling game. The gambling game process display and/or gambling game state display is included in the wager telemetry data  146  that is communicated to the interactive controller  120 . The gambling game process display and/or a gambling game state display is displayed by the wagering user interface  148  to the user  140 . In other such embodiments, the one or more game states of the gambling game are communicated to the interactive controller  120  and the wagering user interface  148  generates the gambling game process display and/or gambling game state display using the one or more game states of the gambling game for display to the user  140 . 
     The application controller  112  can further operatively connect to the wager controller  102  to determine an amount of credit or elements available and other wagering metrics of a wagering proposition. Thus, the application controller  112  may potentially affect an amount of RC in play for participation in the wagering events of a wagering game provided by the wager controller  102  in some embodiments. The application controller  112  may additionally include various audit logs and activity meters. In some embodiments, the application controller  112  can also couple to a centralized server for exchanging various data related to the user and the activities of the user during game play of an interleaved wagering system. 
     In many embodiments, one or more users can be engaged in using the interactive application executed by the interactive controller  120 . In various embodiments, an interleaved wagering system can include an interactive application that provides a skill-based interactive game that includes head-to-head play between a single user and a computing device, between two or more users against one another, or multiple users playing against a computer device and/or each other. In some embodiments, the interactive application can be a skill-based interactive game where the user is not skillfully playing against the computer or any other user such as skill-based interactive games where the user is effectively skillfully playing against himself or herself. 
     In some embodiments, the operation of the application controller  112  does not affect the provision of a wagering proposition by the wager controller  102  except for user choice parameters that are allowable in accordance with the wagering proposition. Examples of user choice parameters include, but are not limited to: wager terms such as but not limited to a wager amount; speed of game play (for example, by pressing a button or pulling a handle of a slot machine); and/or agreement to wager into a bonus round. 
     In various embodiments, wager outcome data  130  communicated from the wager controller  102  can also be used to convey a status operation of the wager controller  102 . 
     In a number of embodiments, communication of the wager data  129  between the wager controller  102  and the application controller  112  can further be used to communicate various wagering control factors that the wager controller  102  uses as input. Examples of wagering control factors include, but are not limited to, an amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects consumed per wagering event, and/or the user&#39;s election to enter a jackpot round. 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  112  utilizes the wagering user interface  148  to communicate certain interactive application data to the user, including but not limited to, club points, user status, control of the selection of choices, and messages which a user can find useful in order to adjust the interactive application experience or understand the wagering status of the user in accordance with the wagering proposition in the wager controller  102 . 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  112  utilizes the wagering user interface  148  to communicate aspects of a wagering proposition to the user including, but not limited to, odds of certain wager outcomes, amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects in play, and amounts of RC, AC, elements, or objects available. 
     In a number of embodiments, the wager controller  102  can accept wager proposition factors including, but not limited to, modifications in the amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects wagered on each individual wagering event, a number of wagering events per minute the wager controller  102  can resolve, entrance into a bonus round, and other factors. An example of a varying wager amount that the user can choose can include, but is not limited to, using a more difficult interactive application level associated with an amount of a wager. These factors can increase or decrease an amount wagered per individual wagering proposition in the same manner that a standard slot machine player can decide to wager more or less credits for each pull of the handle. In several embodiments, the wager controller  102  can communicate a number of factors back and forth to the application controller  112 , via an interface, such that an increase/decrease in a wagered amount can be related to the change in user profile of the user in the interactive application. In this manner, a user can control a wager amount per wagering event in accordance with the wagering proposition with the change mapping to a parameter or component that is applicable to the interactive application experience. 
     In some embodiments, a user management controller  150  is used to authorize an interleaved wagering system gaming session. The user management controller receives game session data  152 , that may include, but is not limited to, user, interactive controller, application controller and wager controller data from the application controller  112 . The user management controller  150  uses the user, interactive controller, application controller and wager controller data to regulate an interleaved wagering system gaming session. In some embodiments, the user management controller may also assert control of an interleaved wagering system game session  154 . Such control may include, but is not limited to, ending an interleaved wagering system game session, initiating wagering in an interleaved wagering system game session, ending wagering in an interleaved wagering system game session but not ending a user&#39;s play of the interactive application portion of the interleaved wagering system game, and changing from real credit wagering in an interleaved wagering system to virtual credit wagering, or vice versa. 
     Interleaved Wagering System Controllers 
       FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D  are illustrations of interactive controllers of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. An interactive controller, such as interactive controller  120  of  FIG. 1 , may be constructed using one or more processing devices configured to perform the operations of the interactive controller. An interactive controller may be constructed from an electronic gaming machine  200  as shown in  FIG. 2A . The electronic gaming machine  200  may be physically located in various types of gaming establishments. An interactive controller may be constructed from a portable device  202  as shown in  FIG. 2B . The portable device  202  is a device that may wirelessly connect to a network. Examples of portable devices include, but are not limited to, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant, and a smartphone. An interactive controller may be constructed from a gaming console  204  as shown in  FIG. 2C . An interactive controller may be constructed from a personal computer  206  as shown in  FIG. 2D . Indeed, an interactive controller in an interleaved wagering system may be constructed from any processing device including sufficient processing and communication capabilities that may be configured to perform the processes of an interactive controller in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
     Some interleaved wagering systems in accordance with many embodiments of the invention can operate with their components being network connected or can communicate with other interleaved wagering systems. In many embodiments, operations associated with components of an interleaved wagering system can be performed on a single device or across multiple devices. These multiple devices can be constructed using a single server or a plurality of servers such that an interleaved wagering system is executed as a system in a virtualized space such as, but not limited to, where a wager controller and an application controller are large scale centralized servers in the cloud operatively connected to widely distributed interactive controllers via a wide area network such as the Internet or a local area network. In such embodiments, the components of an interleaved wagering system may communicate using a networking protocol or other type of device-to-device communications protocol. 
     In many embodiments, a centralized wager controller is operatively connected to, and communicates with, one or more application controllers via a network. The centralized wager controller can generate wager outcomes for wagers in accordance with one or more wagering propositions. The centralized wager controller can execute a number of simultaneous or pseudo-simultaneous wagers in order to generate wager outcomes for a variety of wagering propositions that one or more networked interleaved wagering systems can use. 
     In several embodiments, a centralized application controller is operatively connected to one or more interactive controllers and one or more wager controllers via a network. The centralized application controller can perform the functionality of an application controller across various interleaved wagering systems. 
     In a variety of embodiments, management of user profile data can be performed by a user management controller operatively connected to, and communicating with, one or more application controllers, wager controllers and interactive controllers via a network. A user management controller can manage data related to a user profile. The managed data in the user profile may include, but is not limited to, data concerning controlled entities (characters) in interactive application use, user performance metrics for a type or class of interactive application, interactive application elements acquired by a user; RC and AC associated with a particular user, and tournament reservations. 
     Although a user management controller is discussed as being separate from an application controller server, a centralized application controller server may also perform the functions of a user management controller in some embodiments. 
     In a number of embodiments, an application controller of an interleaved wagering system can communicate data to a user management controller. The data communicated by the application controller to the user management controller may include, but is not limited to, AC and RC used in an interactive application; user profile data; user interaction activity; profile data for users; synchronization data between a wager controller and an interactive application; and data about other aspects of an interleaved wagering system. In several embodiments, a user management controller can communicate user data to an application controller of an interleaved wagering system. The user data may include, but is not limited to, interactive application title and type; tournament data; special offers; character or profile setup and synchronization data between a wagering game and an interactive application; and data about any other aspect of an interleaved wagering system. 
     In numerous embodiments, an interactive application server provides a host for managing head-to-head play operating over a network of interactive controllers connected to the interactive application server via a network. The interactive application server provides an environment where users can compete directly with one another and interact with other users. 
     Processing devices connected via a network to construct interleaved wagering systems in accordance with many embodiments of the invention can communicate with each other to provide services utilized by an interleaved wagering system. In several embodiments, a wager controller can communicate with an application controller over a network. In some embodiments, the wager controller can communicate with an application controller to communicate any type of data as appropriate for a specific application. Examples of the data that may be communicated include, but are not limited to, data used to configure the various simultaneous or pseudo simultaneous wager controllers executing in parallel within the wager controller to accomplish interleaved wagering system functionalities; data used to determine metrics of wager controller performance such as wagers run and/or wager outcomes for tracking system performance; data used to perform audits and/or provide operator reports; and data used to request the results of a wager outcome for use in one or more function(s) operating within the application controller such as, but not limited to, automatic drawings for prizes that are a function of interactive controller performance. 
     In several embodiments, an application controller can communicate with an interactive application server via a network when the interactive application server is also communicating with one or more interactive controllers over a network. An application controller can communicate with an interactive application server to communicate any type of data as appropriate for a specific application. The data that may be communicated between an application controller and an interactive application server includes, but is not limited to, the data for management of an interactive application server by an application controller server during an interleaved wagering system tournament. For example, an application controller may not be aware of the relationship of the application controller to the rest of a tournament since the actual tournament play may be managed by the interactive application server. Therefore, management of an interleaved wagering system can include, but is not limited to tasks including, but not limited to, conducting tournaments according to system programming that can be coordinated by an operator of the interleaved wagering system; allowing entry of a particular user into a tournament; communicating the number of users in a tournament; and the status of the tournament (such as, but not limited to the amount of surviving users, the status of each surviving user within the game, and time remaining on the tournament); communicating the performance of users within the tournament; communicating the scores of the various users in the tournament; and providing a synchronizing link to connect the application controllers in a tournament with their respective interactive controllers. 
     In several embodiments, an application controller can communicate with a user management controller via a network. An application controller can communicate with a user management controller to communicate any type of data as appropriate for a specific application. Examples of data communicated between an application controller and a user management controller include, but are not limited to, data for configuring tournaments according to system programming conducted by an operator of an interleaved wagering system; data for exchange of data used to link a user&#39;s user profile to an ability to participate in various forms of interleaved wagering system use (such as but not limited to the difficulty of play set by the application controller server for an interactive application that is a skill-based interactive game); data for determining a user&#39;s ability to participate in a tournament as a function of a user&#39;s characteristics (such as but not limited to a user&#39;s prowess or other metrics used for tournament screening); data for configuring application controller and interactive controller performance to suit preferences of a user on a particular interleaved wagering system; and data for determining a user&#39;s use and wagering performance for the purposes of marketing intelligence; and data for logging secondary drawing awards, tournament prizes, RC and/or AC into the user profile. 
     In many embodiments, the actual location of where various process are executed can be located either on a single device (wager controller, application controller, interactive controller), on servers (wager controller, application controller, or interactive application server), or a combination of both devices and servers. In a number of embodiments, certain functions of a wager controller, application controller, user management controller and/or interactive application server can operate on a local wager controller, application controller and/or interactive controller used to construct an interleaved wagering system being provided locally on a device. In some embodiments, a controller or server can be part of a server system including multiple servers, where applications can be run on one or more physical devices. Similarly, in particular embodiments, multiple servers can be combined on a single physical device. 
     Some interleaved wagering systems in accordance with many embodiments of the invention can be distributed across a network in various configurations.  FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C  are network diagrams of networked interleaved wagering systems in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Turning now to  FIG. 3A , one or more interactive controllers of a networked interleaved wagering system, such as but not limited to, a mobile or wireless device  300 , a gaming console  302 , a personal computer  304 , and an electronic gaming machine  305 , are operatively connected with a wager controller  306  of a networked interleaved wagering system over a network  308 . Network  308  is communications network that allows processing systems communicate with each other and to share data. Examples of the network  308  can include, but are not limited to, a Local Area Network (LAN) and a Wide Area Network (WAN). In some embodiments, one or more processes of an interactive controller and an application controller as described herein are executed on the individual interactive controllers  300 ,  302 ,  304  and  305  while one or more processes of a wager controller as described herein can be executed by the wager controller  306 . 
     A networked interleaved wagering system in accordance with another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 3B . As illustrated, one or more interactive controllers of a networked interleaved wagering system, such as but not limited to, a mobile or wireless device  310 , a gaming console  312 , a personal computer  314 , and an electronic gaming machine  315 , are operatively connected with a wager controller server  316  and an application controller  318  over a network  320 . Network  320  is a communications network that allows processing systems to communicate and share data. Examples of the network  320  can include, but are not limited to, a Local Area Network (LAN) and a Wide Area Network (WAN). In some embodiments, the processes of an interactive controller as described herein are executed on the individual interactive controllers  310 ,  312 ,  314  and  315 . One or more processes of a wager controller as described herein are executed by the wager controller  316 , and one or more processes of an application controller as described herein are executed by the application controller  318 . 
     A networked interleaved wagering systems in accordance with still another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 3C . As illustrated, one or more interactive controllers of a networked interleaved wagering system, such as but not limited to, a mobile device  342 , a gaming console  344 , a personal computer  346 , and an electronic gaming machine  340  are operatively connected with a wager controller  348  and an application controller  350 , and an interactive application server  352  over a network  354 . Network  354  is a communications network that allows processing systems communicate and to share data. Examples of the network  354  can include, but are not limited to, a Local Area Network (LAN) and a Wide Area Network (WAN). In some embodiments, one or more processes of a display and user interface of an interactive controller as described herein are executed on the individual interactive controllers  340 ,  342 ,  344  and  346 . One or more processes of a wager controller as described herein can be executed by the wager controller server  348 . One or more processes of an application controller as described herein can be executed by the application controller server  350  and one or more processes of an interactive controller excluding the display and user interfaces can be executed by the interactive application server  352 . 
     In various embodiments, a user management controller may be operatively connected to components of an interleaved wagering system via a network. In other embodiments, a number of other peripheral systems, such as a user management system, a gaming establishment management system, a regulatory system, and/or hosting servers are also operatively connected with the interleaved wagering systems over a network. Also, other servers can reside outside the bounds of a network within a firewall of the operator to provide additional services for network connected interleaved wagering systems. 
     Although various networked interleaved wagering systems are described herein, interleaved wagering systems can be networked in any configuration as appropriate to the specification of a specific application in accordance with embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, components of a networked interleaved wagering system, such as an application controller, wager controller, interactive controller, or other servers that perform services for an application controller, wager controller and/or interactive controller, can be networked in different configurations for a specific networked interleaved wagering system application. 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  are diagrams of a structure of an interactive controller of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. An interactive controller may be constructed from one or more processing devices configured to perform the operations of the interactive controller. In many embodiments, an interactive controller can be constructed from various types of processing devices including, but not limited to, a mobile device such as a smartphone or the like, a personal digital assistant, a wireless device such as a tablet computer or the like, an electronic gaming machine, a personal computer, a gaming console, a set-top box, a computing device, a controller, or the like. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4A , an interactive controller  400 , suitable for use as interactive controller  120  of  FIG. 1 , provides an execution environment for an interactive application  402  of an interleaved wagering system. In several embodiments, an interactive controller  400  of an interleaved wagering system provides an interactive application  402  that generates an application user interface  404  for interaction with by a user. The interactive application  402  generates a user presentation  406  that is presented to the user through the application user interface  404 . The user presentation may include audio features, visual features or tactile features, or any combination of these features. The application user interface  404  further includes one or more human input devices (HIDs) that the user can use to interact with the interleaved wagering system. The user&#39;s interactions  408  are included by the interactive application  402  in application telemetry data  410  that is communicated by interactive controller  400  to various other components of an interleaved wagering system as described herein. The interactive application  402  receives application instructions and resources  412  communicated from various other components of an interleaved wagering system as described herein. 
     In some embodiments, various components of the interactive application  402  can read data from an application state  414  in order to provide one or more features of the interactive application. In various embodiments, components of the interactive application  402  can include, but are not limited to, a physics engine, a rules engine, and/or a graphics engine. The physics engine is used to simulate physical interactions between virtual objects in the interactive application  402 . The rules engine implements the rules of the interactive application and a P/RNG that may be used for influencing or determining certain variables and/or outcomes to provide a randomizing influence on the operations of the interactive application. The graphics engine is used to generate a visual representation of the interactive application state to the user. Furthermore, the components may also include an audio engine to generate audio outputs for the user interface. 
     During operation, the interactive application reads and writes application resources  416  stored on a data store of the interactive controller host. The game resources  416  may include game objects having graphics and/or control logic used to provide application environment objects of the interactive application. In various embodiments, the game resources may also include, but are not limited to, video files that are used to generate a portion of the user presentation  406 ; audio files used to generate music, sound effects, etc. within the interactive application; configuration files used to configure the features of the interactive application; scripts or other types of control code used to provide various features of the interactive application; and graphics resources such as textures, objects, etc. that are used by a graphics engine to render objects displayed in an interactive application. 
     In operation, components of the interactive application  402  read portions of the application state  414  and generate the user presentation  406  for the user that is presented to the user using the user interface  212 . The user perceives the user presentation and provides user interactions  408  using the HIDs. The corresponding user interactions are received as user actions or inputs by various components of the interactive application  402 . The interactive application  402  translates the user actions into interactions with the virtual objects of the application environment stored in the application state  414 . Components of the interactive application use the user interactions with the virtual objects of the interactive application and the interactive application state  414  to update the application state  414  and update the user presentation  406  presented to the user. The process loops continuously while the user interacts with the interactive application of the interleaved wagering system. 
     The interactive controller  400  provides one or more interfaces  418  between the interactive controller  400  and other components of an interleaved wagering system, such as, but not limited to, an application controller. The interactive controller  400  and the other interleaved wagering system components communicate with each other using the interfaces. The interface may be used to pass various types of data, and to communicate and receive messages, status data, commands and the like. In certain embodiments, the interactive controller  400  and an application controller communicate application instructions and environment resources  412  and application telemetry data  410 . In some embodiments, the communications include requests by the application controller that the interactive controller  400  update the application state  414  using data provided by the application controller. 
     In many embodiments, a communication by an application controller include a request that the interactive controller  400  update one or more resources  416  using data provided by the application controller. In a number of embodiments, the interactive controller  400  provides all or a portion of the application state to the application controller. In some embodiments, the interactive controller  400  may also provide data about one or more of the application resources  416  to the application controller. In some embodiments, the communication includes user interactions that the interactive controller  400  communicates to the application controller. The user interactions may be low level user interactions with the user interface  404 , such as manipulation of a HID, or may be high level interactions with game objects as determined by the interactive application. The user interactions may also include resultant actions such as modifications to the application state  414  or game resources  416  resulting from the user&#39;s interactions taken in the interleaved wagering system interactive application. In some embodiments, user interactions include, but are not limited to, actions taken by entities such as non-player characters (NPC) of the interactive application that act on behalf of or under the control of the user. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive controller  400  includes an interleaved wagering system user interface  420  used to communicate interleaved wagering system telemetry data  422  to and from the user. The interleaved wagering system telemetry data  422  from the interleaved wagering system include, but are not limited to, data used by the user to configure RC, AC and element wagers, and data about the wagering game RC, AC and element wagers such as, but not limited to, RC, AC and element balances and RC, AC and element amounts wagered. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive controller includes one or more sensors  424 . Such sensors may include, but are not limited to, physiological sensors that monitor the physiology of the user, environmental sensors that monitor the physical environment of the interactive controller, accelerometers that monitor changes in motion of the interactive controller, and location sensors that monitor the location of the interactive controller such as global positioning sensors (GPSs). The interactive controller  400  communicates sensor telemetry data  426  to one or more components of the interleaved wagering system. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4B , interactive controller  400  includes a bus  502  that provides an interface for one or more processing modules  504 , random access memory (RAM)  506 , read only memory (ROM)  508 , machine-readable storage medium  510 , one or more user output devices  512 , one or more user input devices  514 , and one or more communication interface devices  516 . 
     The one or more processing modules  504  may take many forms, such as, but not limited to: one or more processors; a central processing unit (CPU); a multi-processor unit (MPU); an ARM processor; a controller; a programmable logic device; or the like. 
     Examples of output devices  512  include, but are not limited to, display screens; light panels; and/or lighted displays. In accordance with particular embodiments, the one or more processing modules  504  are operatively connected to audio output devices such as, but not limited to: speakers; and/or sound amplifiers. In accordance with many of these embodiments, the one or more processing modules  504  are operatively connected to tactile output devices like vibrators, and/or manipulators. 
     Examples of user input devices  514  include, but are not limited to: tactile devices including but not limited to, keyboards, keypads, foot pads, touch screens, and/or trackballs; non-contact devices such as audio input devices; motion sensors and motion capture devices that the interactive controller can use to receive inputs from a user when the user interacts with the interactive controller; physiological sensors that monitor the physiology of the user; environmental sensors that monitor the physical environment of the interactive controller; accelerometers that monitor changes in motion of the interactive controller; and location sensors that monitor the location of the interactive controller such as global positioning sensors. 
     The one or more communication interface devices  516  provide one or more wired or wireless interfaces for communicating data and commands between the interactive controller  400  and other devices that may be included in an interleaved wagering system. Such wired and wireless interfaces include, but are not limited to: a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface; a Bluetooth interface; a Wi-Fi interface; an Ethernet interface; a Near Field Communication (NFC) interface; a plain old telephone system (POTS) interface, a cellular or satellite telephone network interface; and the like. 
     The machine-readable storage medium  510  stores machine-executable instructions for various components of the interactive controller, such as but not limited to: an operating system  518 ; one or more device drivers  522 ; one or more application programs  520  including but not limited to an interactive application; and interleaved wagering system interactive controller instructions  524  for use by the one or more processing modules  504  to provide the features of an interactive controller as described herein. In some embodiments, the machine-executable instructions further include application control layer/application control interface instructions  526  for use by the one or more processing modules  504  to provide the features of an application control layer/application control interface as described herein. 
     In various embodiments, the machine-readable storage medium  510  is one of a (or a combination of two or more of) a hard drive, a flash drive, a DVD, a CD, a flash storage, a solid state drive, a ROM, an EEPROM, and the like. 
     In operation, the machine-executable instructions are loaded into memory  506  from the machine-readable storage medium  510 , the ROM  508  or any other storage location. The respective machine-executable instructions are accessed by the one or more processing modules  504  via the bus  502 , and then executed by the one or more processing modules  504 . Data used by the one or more processing modules  504  are also stored in memory  506 , and the one or more processing modules  504  access such data during execution of the machine-executable instructions. Execution of the machine-executable instructions causes the one or more processing modules  504  to control the interactive controller  400  to provide the features of an interleaved wagering system interactive controller as described herein 
     Although the interactive controller is described herein as being constructed from one or more processing modules and instructions stored and executed by hardware components, the interactive controller can be constructed of only hardware components in accordance with other embodiments. In addition, although the storage medium  510  is described as being operatively connected to the one or more processing modules through a bus, those skilled in the art of interactive controllers will understand that the storage medium can include removable media such as, but not limited to, a USB memory device, an optical CD ROM, magnetic media such as tape and disks. In some embodiments, the storage medium  510  can be accessed by the one or more processing modules  504  through one of the communication interface devices  516  or over a network. Furthermore, any of the user input devices or user output devices can be operatively connected to the one or more processing modules  504  via one of the communication interface devices  516  or over a network. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive controller  400  can be distributed across a plurality of different devices. In many such embodiments, an interactive controller of an interleaved wagering system includes an interactive application server operatively connected to an interactive client over a network. The interactive application server and interactive application client cooperate to provide the features of an interactive controller as described herein. 
     In various embodiments, the interactive controller  400  may be used to construct other components of an interleaved wagering system as described herein. 
     In some embodiments, components of an interactive controller and an application controller of a wagering interleaved system may be constructed from a single device using processes that communicate using an interprocess communication protocol. In other such embodiments, the components of an interactive controller and an application controller of a wagering interleaved system may communicate by passing messages, parameters or the like. 
     In some embodiments, components of an interactive controller, an application controller and a wager controller of a wagering interleaved system may be constructed using a single device using processes that communicate using an interprocess communication protocol. In other such embodiments, the components of an interactive controller, an application controller and a wager controller of a wagering interleaved system may communicate by passing messages, parameters or the like. 
       FIGS. 5A and 5B  are diagrams of a structure of a wager controller of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. A wager controller may be constructed from one or more processing devices configured to perform the operations of the wager controller. In many embodiments, a wager controller can be constructed from various types of processing devices including, but not limited to, a mobile device such as a smartphone or the like, a personal digital assistant, a wireless device such as a tablet computer or the like, an electronic gaming machine, a personal computer, a gaming console, a set-top box, a computing device, a controller, or the like. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5A , in various embodiments, a wager controller  604 , suitable for use as wager controller  102  of  FIG. 1 , includes a pseudorandom or random number generator (P/RNG)  620  to produce random results or pseudo random results; one or more paytables  623  which includes a plurality of factors indexed by the random result to be multiplied with an amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects committed in a wager; and a wagering control module  622  whose processes may include, but are not limited to, generating random results, looking up factors in the paytables, multiplying the factors by an amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects wagered, and administering one or more RC, AC, element, or object meters  626 . The various wager controller components can interface with each other via an internal bus  625  and/or other appropriate communication mechanism. 
     An interface  628  allows the wager controller  604  to operatively connect to an external device, such as one or more application controllers as described herein. The interface  628  provides for receiving of wager data  629  from the external device that is used to specify wager parameters and/or trigger execution of a wager by the wager controller  604 . The interface  628  may also provide for communicating wager outcome data  631  to an external device. In numerous embodiments, the interface between the wager controller  604  and other systems/devices may be a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet. However, other methods of communication may be used including, but not limited to, a local area network (LAN), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, and/or some other method by which two electronic devices could communicate with each other. 
     In various embodiments, a wager controller  604  may use a P/RNG provided by an external system. The external system may be connected to the wager controller  604  by a suitable communication network such as a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN). In some embodiments, the external P/RNG is a central deterministic system that provides random or pseudo random results to one or more connected wager controllers. 
     During operation of the wager controller, the external system communicates wager data  629  to the wager controller  604 . The wager controller  604  receives the wager data and uses the wager data to trigger execution of a wager in accordance with a wagering proposition. The wager controller  604  executes the wager and determines a wager outcome for the wager. The wager controller communicates wager outcome data  631  of the wager outcome to the external system. 
     In some embodiments, the wager controller uses the wager data to select a paytable  628  to use and/or an amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects to wager. 
     In some embodiments, the wager outcome data may include, but is not limited to, an amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects won in the wager. 
     In various embodiments, the wager outcome data may include, but is not limited to, an amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects in the one or more meters  626 . 
     In some embodiments, the wager outcome data includes state data for the wagering proposition of the executed wager. The state data may correspond to one or more game states of a gambling game that is associated with the wagering proposition. Examples of state data include, but are not limited to, reel strips in an operation state or a final state for a reel-based gambling game, one or more dice positions for a dice-based gambling game, positions of a roulette wheel and roulette ball, position of a wheel of fortune, or the like. 
     In various embodiments, the wagering control module  622  determines an amount of a wager and a paytable to use from the one or more paytables  623 . In such embodiments, in response to the wager data triggering execution of the wager, the wager control module  622  executes the wager by requesting a P/RNG result from the P/RNG  620 ; retrieving a paytable from the one or more paytables  623 ; adjusting the one or more credit meters  626  for an amount of the wager; applying the P/RNG result to the retrieved paytable; multiplying the resultant factor from the paytable by an amount wagered to determine a wager outcome; updating the one or more meters  626  based on the wager outcome; and communicating the wager outcome to the external device. 
     In various embodiments, an external system communicates a request for a P/RNG result from the wager controller  604 . In response, the wager controller  604  returns a P/RNG result as a function of an internal P/RNG or a P/RNG external to the external system to which the wager controller  604  is operatively connected. 
     In some embodiments, a communication exchange between the wager controller  604  and an external system relate to the external system support for coupling a P/RNG result to a particular paytable contained in the wager controller  604 . In such an exchange, the external system communicates to the wager controller  604  as to which of the one or more paytables  623  to use, and requests a result whereby the P/RNG result would be associated with the requested paytable  623 . The result of the coupling is returned to the external system. In such an exchange, no actual RC, AC, element, or object wager is conducted, but might be useful in coupling certain non-value wagering interactive application behaviors and propositions to the same final resultant wagering return which is understood for the interleaved wagering system to conduct wagering. 
     In some embodiments, the wager controller  604  may also include storage for statuses, wagers, wager outcomes, meters and other historical events in a storage device  616 . 
     In some embodiments, an authorization access module provides a process to permit access and command exchange with the wager controller  604  and access to the one or more credit meters  626  for the amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects being wagered by the user in the interleaved wagering system. 
     In numerous embodiments, communication occurs between various types of a wager controller and an external system  630 , such as application controller. In some of these embodiments, the purpose of the wager controller is to allocate wagers to pools, detect occurrences of one or more events upon which the wagers were made, and determine the wager outcomes for each individual wager based on the number of winning wagers and the amount paid into the pool. 
     In some embodiments, the wager controller manages accounts for individual users wherein the users make deposits into the accounts, amounts are deducted from the accounts, and amounts are credited to the users&#39; accounts based on the wager outcomes. 
     In some embodiments a wager controller is a pari-mutuel wagering system such as used for wagering on an events such as horse races, greyhound races, sporting events and the like. In a pari-mutuel wagering system, user&#39;s wagers on the outcome of an event are allocated to a pool. When the event occurs, wager outcomes are calculated by sharing the pool among all winning wagers. 
     In various embodiments, a wager controller is a central determination system, such as but not limited to a central determination system for a Class II wagering system or a wagering system in support of a “scratch off” style lottery. In such a wagering system, a player plays against other players and competes for a common prize. In a given set of wager outcomes, there are a certain number of wins and losses. Once a certain wager outcome has been determined, the same wager outcome cannot occur again until a new set of wager outcomes is generated. 
     In numerous embodiments, communication occurs between various components of a wager controller  604  and an external system, such as an application controller. In some of these embodiments, the purpose of the wager controller  604  is to manage wagering on wagering events and to provide random (or pseudo random) results from a P/RNG. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5B , wager controller  604  includes a bus  732  that provides an interface for one or more processing modules  734 , random access memory (RAM)  736 , read only memory (ROM)  738 , machine-readable storage medium  740 , one or more user output devices  742 , one or more user input devices  744 , and one or more network interface devices  746 . 
     The one or more processing modules  734  may take many forms, such as, but not limited to, one or more processors, a central processing unit (CPU), a multi-processor unit (MPU), an ARM processor, a controller, a programmable logic device, or the like. 
     Examples of output devices  742  include, but are not limited to, display screens, light panels, and/or lighted displays. In accordance with particular embodiments, the one or more processing modules  734  are operatively connected to audio output devices such as, but not limited to speakers, and/or sound amplifiers. In accordance with many of these embodiments, the one or more processing modules  734  are operatively connected to tactile output devices like vibrators, and/or manipulators. 
     Examples of user input devices  734  include, but are not limited to, tactile devices including but not limited to, keyboards, keypads, touch screens, and/or trackballs; non-contact devices such as audio input devices; motion sensors and motion capture devices that the wager controller can use to receive inputs from a user when the user interacts with the wager controller  604 . 
     The one or more network interface devices  746  provide one or more wired or wireless interfaces for exchanging data and commands between the wager controller  604  and other devices that may be included in an interleaved wagering system. Such wired and wireless interfaces include, but are not limited to: a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface; a Bluetooth interface; a Wi-Fi interface; an Ethernet interface; a Near Field Communication (NFC) interface; a plain old telephone system (POTS) interface; a cellular or satellite telephone network interface; and the like. 
     The machine-readable storage medium  740  stores machine-executable instructions for various components of a wager controller, such as but not limited to: an operating system  748 ; one or more application programs  750 ; one or more device drivers  752 ; and interleaved wagering system wager controller instructions  754  for use by the one or more processing modules  734  to provide the features of an interleaved wagering system wager controller as described herein. 
     In various embodiments, the machine-readable storage medium  740  is one of a (or a combination of two or more of) a hard drive, a flash drive, a DVD, a CD, a flash storage, a solid state drive, a ROM, an EEPROM, and the like. 
     In operation, the machine-executable instructions are loaded into memory  736  from the machine-readable storage medium  740 , the ROM  738  or any other storage location. The respective machine-executable instructions are accessed by the one or more processing modules  734  via the bus  732 , and then executed by the one or more processing modules  734 . Data used by the one or more processing modules  734  are also stored in memory  736 , and the one or more processing modules  734  access such data during execution of the machine-executable instructions. Execution of the machine-executable instructions causes the one or more processing modules  734  to control the wager controller  604  to provide the features of an interleaved wagering system wager controller as described herein 
     Although the wager controller  604  is described herein as being constructed from one or more processing modules and machine-executable instructions stored and executed by hardware components, the wager controller can be composed of only hardware components in accordance with other embodiments. In addition, although the storage medium  740  is described as being operatively connected to the one or more processing modules through a bus, those skilled in the art of processing devices will understand that the storage medium can include removable media such as, but not limited to, a USB memory device, an optical CD ROM, magnetic media such as tape and disks. In some embodiments, the storage medium  740  can be accessed by the one or more processing modules  734  through one of the interfaces or over a network. Furthermore, any of the user input devices or user output devices can be operatively connected to the one or more processing modules  734  via one of the interfaces or over a network. 
     In various embodiments, the wager controller  604  may be used to construct other components of an interleaved wagering system as described herein. 
     In some embodiments, components of a wager controller and an application controller of a wagering interleaved system may be constructed from a single device using processes that communicate using an interprocess communication protocol. In other such embodiments, the components of a wager controller and an application controller of a wagering interleaved system may communicate by passing messages, parameters or the like. 
     It should be understood that there may be many embodiments of a wager controller  604  which could be possible, including forms where many modules and components of the wager controller are located in various servers and locations, so the foregoing is not meant to be exhaustive or all inclusive, but rather provide data on various embodiments of a wager controller  604 . 
       FIGS. 6A and 6B  are diagrams of a structure of an application controller of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. An application controller may be constructed from one or more processing devices configured to perform the operations of the application controller. In many embodiments, an application controller can be constructed from various types of processing devices including, but not limited to, a mobile device such as a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a wireless device such as a tablet computer or the like, an electronic gaming machine, a personal computer, a gaming console, a set-top box, a computing device, a controller, or the like. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6A , in many embodiments, an application controller  860 , suitable for use as application controller  112  of  FIG. 1 , manages operation of an interleaved wagering system, with a wager controller and an interactive controller being support units to the application controller  860 . The application controller  860  provides an interface between the interactive application, provided by an interactive controller, and a wagering proposition, provided by a wager controller. 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  860  includes an interactive controller interface  800  to an interactive controller. The interactive controller interface  800  provides for communication of data between an interactive controller and the application controller  860 , including but not limited to wager telemetry data  802 , application instructions and resources  804 , application telemetry data  806 , and sensor telemetry data  810 . 
     In various embodiments, the application controller  860  includes a wager controller interface  812  to a wager controller. The wager controller interface  812  provides for communication of data between the application controller  860  and a wager controller, including but not limited to wager outcomes  814  and wager data  816 . 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  860  includes a user management controller interface  818  to a user management controller. The user management controller interface  818  provides for communication of data between the application controller  860  and a user management controller, including but not limited to session control data  820  and session telemetry data  822 . 
     The application controller  860  includes a business rule decision engine  824  that receives telemetry data, such as application telemetry data and sensor telemetry data, from an interactive controller. The business rule decision engine  824  uses the telemetry data, along with trigger logic  826  to generate wager data used to trigger a wager in a wager controller. 
     In some embodiments, the application telemetry data includes, but is not limited to, application environment variables that indicate the state of an interactive application being used by a user, interactive controller data indicating a state of an interactive controller, and user actions and interactions between a user and an interactive application provided by an interactive controller. The wagering and/or wager data may include, but is not limited to, an amount and type of the wager, a trigger of the wager, and a selection of a paytable to be used when executing the wager. 
     In some embodiments, the business rule decision engine  824  also receives wager outcome data from a wager controller. The decision engine  824  uses the wager outcome data, in conjunction with telemetry data and application logic  828  to generate application decisions  830  communicated to an application resource generator  832 . The application resource generator  832  receives the application decisions and uses the application decisions to generate application instructions and application resources to be communicated to an interactive application. 
     In many embodiments, the application controller  860  includes a pseudo random or random result generator used to generate random results that are communicated to the application resource generator  832 . The application resource generator uses the random results to generate application instructions and application resources to be communicated to an interactive controller for use by an interactive application. 
     In various embodiments, the business rule decision engine  824  also determines an amount of AC to award to a user based at least in part on the user&#39;s use of an interactive application of the interleaved wagering system as determined from application telemetry data. In some embodiments, wager outcome data may also be used to determine the amount of AC that should be awarded to the user. 
     In numerous embodiments, an interactive application is a skill-based interactive game and the AC is awarded to the user for the user&#39;s skillful play of the skill-based interactive game. 
     In some embodiments, the application decisions and wager outcome data are communicated to a wagering user interface generator  834 . The wagering user interface generator  834  receives the application decisions and wager outcome data and generates wager telemetry data describing the state of wagering and credit accumulation and loss for the interleaved wagering system. In some embodiments, the wager telemetry data  146  may include, but is not limited to, amounts of AC and elements earned, lost or accumulated by the user through use of the interactive application as determined from the application decisions, and RC amounts won, lost or accumulated as determined from the wager outcome data and the one or more credit meters. 
     In some embodiments, the wager outcome data  814  also includes data about one or more game states of a gambling game executed in accordance with a wagering proposition by a wager controller. In various such embodiments, the wagering user interface generator  834  generates a gambling game process display and/or gambling game state display using the one or more game states of the gambling game. The gambling game process display and/or gambling game state display is included in wager telemetry data that is communicated to an interactive controller. The gambling game process display and/or a gambling game state display is displayed by a wagering user interface of the interactive controller to a user. In other such embodiments, the one or more game states of the gambling game are communicated to an interactive controller and a wagering user interface of the interactive controller generates a gambling game process display and/or gambling game state display using the one or more game states of the gambling game for display to a user. 
     The application controller  860  can further operatively connect to a wager controller to determine an amount of credit or elements available and other wagering metrics of a wagering proposition. Thus, the application controller  860  may potentially affect an amount of RC in play for participation in the wagering events of a wagering game provided by the wager controller. The application controller  860  may additionally include various audit logs and activity meters. In some embodiments, the application controller  860  can also couple to a centralized server for exchanging various data related to the user and the activities of the user during game play of an interleaved wagering system. 
     In some embodiments, the operation of the application controller  860  does not affect the provision of a wagering proposition by a wager controller except for user choice parameters that are allowable in accordance with the wagering proposition. Examples of user choice parameters include, but are not limited to: wager terms such as but not limited to a wager amount; speed of game play (for example, by pressing a button or pulling a handle of a slot machine); and/or agreement to wager into a bonus round. 
     In a number of embodiments, communication of wager data between a wager controller and the application controller  860  can further be used to communicate various wagering control factors that the wager controller uses as input. Examples of wagering control factors include, but are not limited to, an amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects consumed per wagering event, and/or the user&#39;s election to enter a jackpot round. 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  860  utilizes a wagering user interface to communicate certain interactive application data to the user, including but not limited to, club points, user status, control of the selection of user choices, and messages which a user can find useful in order to adjust the interactive application experience or understand the wagering status of the user in accordance with the wagering proposition in the wager controller. 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  860  utilizes a wagering user interface to communicate aspects of a wagering proposition to the user including, but not limited to, odds of certain wager outcomes, amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects in play, and amounts of RC, AC, elements, or objects available. 
     In a number of embodiments, a wager controller can accept wager proposition factors including, but not limited to, modifications in the amount of RC, AC, elements, or objects wagered on each individual wagering event, a number of wagering events per minute the wager controller can resolve, entrance into a bonus round, and other factors. In several embodiments, the application controller  860  can communicate a number of factors back and forth to the wager controller, such that an increase/decrease in a wagered amount can be related to the change in user profile of the user in the interactive application. In this manner, a user can control a wager amount per wagering event in accordance with the wagering proposition with the change mapping to a parameter or component that is applicable to the interactive application experience. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6B , application controller  860  includes a bus  862  providing an interface for one or more processing modules  864 , random access memory (RAM)  866 , read only memory (ROM)  868 , machine-readable storage medium  870 , one or more user output devices  872 , one or more user input devices  874 , and one or more network interface devices  876 . 
     The one or more processing modules  864  may take many forms, such as, but not limited to: one or more processors; a central processing unit (CPU); a multi-processor unit (MPU); an ARM processor; a programmable logic device; or the like. 
     Examples of output devices  872  include, include, but are not limited to: display screens; light panels; and/or lighted displays. In accordance with particular embodiments, the one or more processing modules  864  are operatively connected to audio output devices such as, but not limited to: speakers; and/or sound amplifiers. In accordance with many of these embodiments, the one or more processing modules  864  are operatively connected to tactile output devices like vibrators, and/or manipulators. 
     Examples of user input devices  874  include, but are not limited to: tactile devices including but not limited to, keyboards, keypads, foot pads, touch screens, and/or trackballs; non-contact devices such as audio input devices; motion sensors and motion capture devices that the application controller can use to receive inputs from a user when the user interacts with the application controller  860 . 
     The one or more network interface devices  876  provide one or more wired or wireless interfaces for exchanging data and commands between the application controller  860  and other devices that may be included in an interleaved wagering system. Such wired and wireless interfaces include, but are not limited to: a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface; a Bluetooth interface; a Wi-Fi interface; an Ethernet interface; a Near Field Communication (NFC) interface; a plain old telephone system (POTS), cellular, or satellite telephone network interface; and the like. 
     The machine-readable storage medium  870  stores machine-executable instructions for various components of the application controller  860  such as, but not limited to: an operating system  878 ; one or more applications  880 ; one or more device drivers  882 ; and interleaved wagering system wager controller instructions  854  for use by the one or more processing modules  864  to provide the features of a wager controller as described herein. 
     In various embodiments, the machine-readable storage medium  870  is one of a (or a combination of two or more of) a hard drive, a flash drive, a DVD, a CD, a flash storage, a solid state drive, a ROM, an EEPROM, and the like. 
     In operation, the machine-executable instructions are loaded into memory  866  from the machine-readable storage medium  870 , the ROM  868  or any other storage location. The respective machine-executable instructions are accessed by the one or more processing modules  864  via the bus  862 , and then executed by the one or more processing modules  864 . Data used by the one or more processing modules  864  are also stored in memory  866 , and the one or more processing modules  864  access such data during execution of the machine-executable instructions. Execution of the machine-executable instructions causes the one or more processing modules  864  to control the application controller  860  to provide the features of an interleaved wagering system application controller as described herein. 
     Although the application controller  860  is described herein as being constructed from one or more processing modules and instructions stored and executed by hardware components, the application controller can be composed of only hardware components in accordance with other embodiments. In addition, although the storage medium  870  is described as being operatively connected to the one or more processing modules through a bus, those skilled in the art of application controllers will understand that the storage medium can include removable media such as, but not limited to, a USB memory device, an optical CD ROM, magnetic media such as tape and disks. Also, the storage medium  870  can be accessed by processor  864  through one of the interfaces or over a network. Furthermore, any of the user input devices or user output devices can be operatively connected to the one or more processing modules  864  via one of the interfaces or over a network. 
     In various embodiments, the application controller  860  may be used to construct other components of an interleaved wagering system as described herein. 
     In some embodiments, components of wager controller and an application controller of a wagering interleaved system may be constructed using a single device using processes that communicate using an interprocess communication protocol. In other such embodiments, the components of a wager controller and an application controller of a wagering interleaved system may communicate by passing messages, parameters or the like. 
     In numerous embodiments, any of a wager controller, an application controller, or an interactive controller as described herein can be constructed using multiple processing devices, whether dedicated, shared, or distributed in any combination thereof, or can be constructed using a single processing device. In addition, while certain aspects and features of interleaved wagering system processes described herein have been attributed to a wager controller, an application controller, or an interactive controller, these aspects and features can be provided in a distributed form where any of the features or aspects can be provided by any of a wager controller, an application controller, and/or an interactive controller within an interleaved wagering system without deviating from the spirit of the invention. 
     Although various components of interleaved wagering systems are discussed herein, interleaved wagering systems can be configured with any component as appropriate to the specification of a specific application in accordance with embodiments of the invention. In certain embodiments, components of an interleaved wagering system, such as an application controller, a wager controller, and/or an interactive controller, can be configured in different ways for a specific interleaved wagering system. 
     Operation of Wagering Interleaved Systems 
       FIG. 7  is a sequence diagram of interactions between components of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The components of the interleaved wagering system include a wager controller  902 , such as wager controller  102  of  FIG. 1 , an application controller  904 , such as application controller  112  of  FIG. 1 , and an interactive controller  906 , such as interactive controller  120  of  FIG. 1 . The process begins with the interactive controller  906  detecting a user performing a user interaction in a user interface of an interactive application provided by the interactive controller  906 . The interactive controller  906  communicates application telemetry data  908  to the application controller  904 . The application telemetry data includes, but is not limited to, the user interaction detected by the interactive controller  906 . 
     The application controller  904  receives the application telemetry data  908 . Upon determination by the application controller  904  that the user interaction indicates a wagering event, the application controller  904  communicates wager data  912  including a wager request to the wager controller  902 . The request for a wager event may include wager terms associated with a wagering proposition. 
     The wager controller receives the wager data and uses the wager data to execute ( 913 ) a wager in accordance with a wagering proposition. The wager controller  902  communicates a wager outcome  914  of the executed wager to the application controller  904 . 
     The application controller  904  receives the wager outcome and determines ( 915 ) interactive application instructions and resources  916  for the interactive application. The application controller  904  communicates the interactive application instructions and resources  916  to the interactive controller  906 . The application controller also communicates wagering telemetry data  920  including the wager outcome to the interactive controller  906 . 
     The interactive controller  906  receives the interactive application instructions and resources  916  and wagering telemetry data  918 . The interactive controller  906  incorporates the received interactive application resources and executes the received interactive application instructions ( 918 ). The interactive controller updates ( 922 ) an application user interface of the interactive application provided by the interactive controller using the interactive application instructions and the resources, and updates ( 922 ) a wagering user interface using the wagering telemetry data. 
     In several embodiments, a user can interact with an interleaved wagering system by using RC for wagering in accordance with a wagering proposition along with AC and elements in interactions with an interactive application. Wagering can be executed by a wager controller while an interactive application can be executed by an interactive controller and managed with an application controller. 
       FIG. 8  is a collaboration diagram that illustrates how resources such as AC, RC, elements, and objects are utilized in an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The collaboration diagram  1000  illustrates that RC  1002 , interactive application resources including elements and objects  1004  and AC  1006  can be utilized by a user  1008  in interactions with a wager controller  1010 , such as wager controller  102  of  FIG. 1 , an application controller  1012 , such as wager controller  112  of  FIG. 1 , and an interactive controller  1014 , such as interactive controller  120  of  FIG. 1 , of an interleaved wagering system. The contribution of elements and objects such as included in resources  1004 , can be linked to a user&#39;s access to credits, such as RC  1002  and/or AC  1006 . Electronic receipt of these credits can come via a smart card, voucher or other portable media, or as received over a network from a server. In some embodiments, these credits can be drawn on demand from a user profile located in a database locally on an interleaved wagering system or in a remote server. 
     A user&#39;s actions and/or decisions can affect an interactive application of interactive controller  1014  that consume and/or accumulate AC  1004  and/or resources  1004  in an interactive application executed by an interactive controller  1014 , a wager controller  101  and an application controller  1012 . The application controller  1012  can monitor the activities taking place within an interactive application executed by an interactive controller  1014  for wagering event occurrences. The application controller  1012  can also communicate the wagering event occurrences to the wager controller  1010  that triggers a wager of RC  1002  in accordance with a wagering proposition executed by the wager controller  1010 . 
     In several embodiments, the user commences interaction with the interleaved wagering system by contributing credit to an interleaved wagering system such as, but not limited to, RC  1002  that may be credit in a real currency or may be credit in a virtual currency that is not fungible with a real currency, AC  1006  that may be application environment credits, and specified types of interactive application elements and/or objects  1004 . One or more of these contributions may be provided directly as currency and/or transferred in electronically. Electronic transfer may come via a smart card, voucher or other portable media, or as transferred in over a network from a user data server or interleaved wagering system user account server. In many embodiments, contributions may be drawn on demand from user accounts located in servers residing on the network or in the cloud on a real time basis as the credits, elements and/or object are committed or consumed by the interleaved wagering system. Generally, RC is utilized and accounted for by the wager controller  1010 ; and the resources  1004  and AC  1006  are utilized and accounted for by the application controller  1012  and/or the interactive controller  1014 . The user interacts (a) with an interactive application provided by the interactive controller  1014  with the interaction representing an action by the user within the context of the interactive application. The interactive controller  1014  receives the user interaction and communicates (b) the interaction to the application controller  1012 . The application controller  1012  receives the interaction and determines from the interaction whether or not a wager should be triggered. If a wager should be triggered, the application controller  1012  communicates (c) wager data about a wager in accordance with a wagering proposition associated with the interaction and thereby triggers a wager. The wager controller receives the wager data and executes the wager in accordance with the wagering proposition, and consumes (d) an appropriate amount of RC  1002  for the wager. The wager controller  1010  adjusts (e) the RC  1002  based upon a wager outcome of the wager and communicates (f) the wager outcome to the application controller  1012  as to the outcome of the wager triggered by the application controller  1012 . The application controller  1012  receives the wager outcome. The application controller determines what resources  1004  should be provided to the interactive controller and communicates (g) the resources  1004  to the interactive controller. The interactive controller receives the resources from the application control and integrates them into the execution of the interactive application provided by the interactive controller  1014 . 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  1012  communicates (h) data about the wager outcome to the interactive controller. The interactive controller receives the wager outcome and displays the wager outcome to the user  1008 . 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  1012  determines what resources and instructions to provide to the interactive controller  1014  for use by the interactive application provided by the interactive controller  1014  partially on the basis of the wager outcome. In some such embodiments, resources are provided in a case that the wager was a winning wager for the user. In other such embodiments, fewer or no resources are provided in a case of a losing wager. 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  1012  determines what resources to provide based on internal logic of the application controller  1012 . In some such embodiments, the application controller  1012  employs a random result generator, such as a P/RNG, to generate a random result and the random result is used to determine what resources are provided to the interactive controller  1014 . 
     In several embodiments, the application controller  1012  determines an increment or a decrement of an amount of AC  1006  using the interactions received from the interactive controller. The increment or decremented amount is communicated (i) to the interactive controller for display to the user. 
     In some embodiments, the application controller  1012  executes a wager of RC as a virtual currency, AC, elements or objects. In some such embodiments, the application controller  1012  employs a random result generator, such as a P/RNG, to generate a random result and the random result is used to determine a wager outcome in RC as a virtual currency, AC, elements or objects. 
     The following is description of an embodiment of the described collaboration where an interactive application provided by an interactive controller of an interleaved wagering system is a first person shooter game. The process begins by a user selecting a machine gun to use in the game and then fires a burst of bullets at an opponent. The interactive controller can communicate to the application controller of the user&#39;s choice of weapon, that a burst of bullets was fired, and/or the outcome of the burst. The application controller communicates to the wager controller that 3 credits (RC) are to be wagered on the outcome of a wagering event to match the three bullets consumed. The wager controller then performs the wagering event and determines the result of the wager and may determine the winnings from a paytable. The wager controller consumes 3 credits of RC for the wager and executes the specified wager. By way of example, the wager controller may determine that the user hit a jackpot of 6 credits and returns the 6 credits to the RC and communicates to the application controller that 3 net credits were won by the user. 
     The application controller communicates to the interactive controller to add 3 bullets to an ammunition clip. The interactive controller adds 3 bullets back to the ammo clip. The ammunition may be added by directly adding the ammunition to the clip or by allowing the user to find extra ammunition during use. The application controller logs the new user score (AC) in the game (as a function of the successful hit on the opponent) based on the interactive controller communication, and adds 2 extra points to the user score since a jackpot has been won. The application controller then adds 10 points to the user score (AC) given the success of the hit which in this example is worth 8 points, plus the 2 extra point. Note that this example is only intended to provide an illustration of how credits flow in an interleaved wagering system, but is not intended to be exhaustive and only lists only one of numerous possibilities of how an interleaved wagering system may be configured to manage its fundamental credits. 
     In many embodiments, user account controller  1020 , such as user account controller  150  of  FIG. 1 , an interleaved wagering system is used to store AC for use of the user. In such an embodiment, AC is generated by the application controller based on the user&#39;s use of the interleaved wagering system and an amount of the AC is communicated to the user account controller  1020 . The user account controller stores the amount of AC between sessions. In some embodiments, the user account controller communicates an amount of AC to the application controller at the start of a session for use by the user during a session. 
     Interactive applications may include supplementary modes of operation. For example, a skill-based interactive game may include supplementary bonus rounds and/or boss rounds. A bonus round may involve one or more challenges through which a user can acquire additional benefit (e.g., application environment credit, real credit, enabling elements, or resources) with minimal risk associated with the opportunity (e.g., little to no consumption of resources, such as real credit or enabling elements). A boss round may involve a skill-based challenge that is typically of higher difficulty than an average level of skilled application interaction, and may involve the opportunity for the user to acquire a substantial benefit for successful completion of the boss round. In some embodiments, the supplementary mode must be completed (e.g., the boss must be defeated) before further use of the application is allowed. Execution of the supplementary mode of an interleaved wagering system may involve components of the interleaved wagering system as described herein. Use of the components and interaction between components of the interleaved wagering system in the supplementary mode is consistent with the interleaved wagering system as described herein. For example, an interactive controller, interactive application, application controller, and wager controller used in an interleaved wagering system may be used in executing a supplementary mode of the interleaved wagering system. 
     In some embodiments, the benefit associated with the supplemental mode of the interleaved wagering system may be a portion of resources committed by the user during interactive application interaction. For example, if the user loses 100 units of enabling elements during application interaction, a portion of the 100 units of enabling elements may be eligible for recovery by the user for successful completion of the supplementary mode. 
     In many embodiments, the benefit associated with the supplemental mode of the interleaved wagering system may be a portion of credits committed to wagering by the user during interactive application interaction. 
     In various embodiments, the benefit pool is in the form of a lottery and the benefits provided to the user are in the form of a draw from the lottery pool. 
     In many embodiments, wagering is performed using virtual credits that do not have value and are not available for cashout into a real currency while the benefit has value in a real currency and is available for cashout. 
     In some embodiments, the benefit associated with the supplemental mode of the interleaved wagering system may be provided by a third party source. For example, an operator of the supplemental mode of the interleaved wagering system may contribute a benefit, such as application environment credit, or real credit. The operator may contribute the benefit in order to promote use of the interactive application. 
     In some embodiments, the benefit associated with the supplemental mode of the interleaved wagering system may be accumulated over time. For example, a portion of resources committed by one or more users during application interaction may be allocated to a benefit pool. The collection period of the resources may be over a span of rounds, application sessions, hours, days, weeks, months, or any other time period. 
     Successful completion of the supplemental mode of the interleaved wagering system may be based (a) entirely upon skill, (b) entirely upon chance, or (c) a combination of skill and chance. In some embodiments, successful completion of the supplemental mode based entirely upon skill means a gambling game is not explicitly engaged to determine a payout. In some embodiments, successful completion of the supplemental mode based entirely upon chance means the player&#39;s skill is not relevant; the payout is determined as a function of a RNG. 
     Successful completion of the supplemental mode may be solely based upon the user&#39;s performance, or may be based on the user&#39;s performance relative to others, either as a function of participating in a multi-user application session, or as a function of comparison of the user&#39;s performance to other users in individual application sessions. 
     The user may or may not be aware of the benefit to be awarded upon successful completion of the supplemental mode. Upon successful completion of the supplemental mode, the user may be awarded the entirety of the benefit pool, or may be awarded a portion of the benefit pool. In some embodiments, the portion awarded is based on the user&#39;s interaction with the application. For example, the portion awarded to a user may be based on a score achieved by the user in a game, compared to the performance of other users. The performance of other users to be taken into consideration may be over a period of time (e.g., a day, a week, a month, a year) or over a single application session (e.g., a multi-user session of the interactive application). 
     The supplemental mode of the interleaved wagering system may be triggered in various ways. Triggering may be based on application interaction time of the user, credits committed by the user, credits lost by the user, credits won by the user, in-application events, or by the operator or other non-user related circumstances. For example, the supplemental mode may be triggered when the user interacts with the application for a threshold amount of time. In another example, the supplemental mode may be triggered when the user loses a threshold amount of real world credits or enabling elements. In another example, the supplemental mode may be triggered when the user wins a threshold amount of resources, such as real world credits or application environment credits. In another example, the secondary mode may be triggered based on a schedule provided by the operator. In some embodiments, triggering of the secondary mode is independent of the user&#39;s interactions with the system. 
     In some embodiments, normal operation of the interactive application may be interrupted by the supplemental mode. In some embodiments, the supplemental mode must be completed in order to return to normal operation of the interactive application. In some embodiments, the supplemental mode must be successfully completed to return to normal operation of the interactive application. In some embodiments, any completion of the supplemental mode (success or failure) is sufficient to return to normal operation of the interactive application. 
     During the course of the supplemental mode of the interleaved wagering system, users may receive communication regarding the status of the benefit pool, rules of successful completion of the supplemental mode, or availability of the supplemental mode. 
       FIG. 9  is a diagram of interactions between various components of the system and processes in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. A user  1100  performs application interaction  1102 . The application interaction may be with an interactive application as described herein, provided by an interactive controller of an interleaved wagering system. In some embodiments, the interaction application is an interactive game. In some embodiments, the interactive game is a skill-based interactive game. In some embodiment, the interactive game is a chance-based game. As described herein, a portion of a wager made during interaction with the interleaved wagering system is a benefit pool contribution  1106  sent to a benefit pool  1108 . 
     After completion of the application interaction  1102 , (or in some embodiments, during application interaction  1102 ), an entry measure is performed  1104 . An entry measure may include measurements of various parameters that may trigger initiation of a supplementary mode of the interleaved wagering system. For example, the entry measure  1104  may track time spent by the user  1100  using the interactive application. When the time spent by the user  1100  reaches a threshold value, a supplementary mode  1112  may be triggered and provided to the user  1100 . 
     Upon entering a supplementary mode  1112 , the user  1100  is eligible to be awarded some amount of benefits from the benefit pool  1108 . As described herein, benefit pool contributions  1106  during execution of the interleaved wagering system may be included in the benefit pool  1108 . The benefit pool  1108  may also be sourced from alternate funding sources  1110 , such as a third party. An example of a third party may be a sponsor or operator of the interactive application or the interleaved wagering system. 
     Upon triggering of the supplementary mode  1112 , the user  1100  interacts with the supplementary mode  1114 . The supplementary mode interaction  1114  and determination of a successful outcome for the user  1100  may be based on skill, chance, or a combination thereof. If the user  1100  is successful  1116 , the user  1100  is awarded all of the benefit pool  1108  or a portion of the benefit pool  1108 . For example, if the interactive application is a skill-based interactive game, and the supplementary mode is a boss round, the user  1100  may have to defeat the boss, through skillful play of the interactive game, in order to be successful. As described herein, the amount of the benefit pool  1108  awarded to the user  1100  may be based on the user&#39;s performance alone or based on the user&#39;s performance compared to the performance of others. 
       FIG. 10  is a diagram of the structure of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The interleaved wagering system includes an interactive controller  1202 , an application controller  1204 , and a wager controller  1206 , as described herein. The interactive controller  1202  may provide an interactive application. In some embodiments, the interactive application is an interactive game. In some embodiments, the interactive game is a skill-based interactive game. In some embodiments, the interactive game is a chance-based interactive game. 
     The system further includes a benefit pool controller  1208 . As described herein, the benefit pool controller  1208  controls the benefits to be awarded to a user upon successful interaction with a supplementary mode of the interleaved wagering system. For example, when the benefit pool controller  1208  receives a request for benefits, the benefit pool controller  1208  may coordinate communication or transfer of the corresponding benefit award amount to the user. The benefit pool controller  1208  may further store the benefits to be awarded to the user upon successful interaction with the supplementary mode. The benefit pool controller  1208  is operatively connected to the application controller  1204  and the interactive controller  1202 . The benefit pool controller  1208  may be connected to the application controller  1204  and the interactive controller  1202  via a network connection. 
     The benefit pool controller  1208  may also be responsible for determining a benefit award amount to award multiple interactive controllers participating in a multi-user supplementary mode session. That is, when a user&#39;s benefit award amount is based on the user&#39;s performance relative to the performance of other users in a common supplementary mode session, the benefit pool controller  1208  may receive the scores of the users participating in the common supplementary mode session, and divide the total benefits accordingly. In this case, the benefit pool controller  1208  is operatively connected to other application controllers and interactive controllers. For example, if there are total benefits of 1000 real world credits and 3 users participating in a supplementary mode session, the benefit pool controller  1208  receives the scores for the 3 users from their corresponding application controllers, via a network, and divides the 1000 real world credits accordingly. If the rules of the supplementary mode session indicate that the highest scoring user receives the entirety of the total benefits, the benefit pool controller  1208  will award the 1000 real world credits to the highest scoring user. If the rules of the supplementary mode session indicate that the total benefits will be divided proportionally based on the scores of the users, the benefit pool controller  1208  determines portions of the 1000 real world credits to award to the 3 users. 
     The application controller  1204  further includes a supplementary mode module  1210 . The supplementary mode module  1210  may be responsible for triggering the supplementary mode. For example, the supplementary mode module  1210  may monitor various parameters, such as time spent by the user, user loss of credits, user earning of credits. When a monitored parameter meets a threshold value, the supplementary mode module  1210  triggers execution of the supplementary mode. In some embodiments, triggering of the supplementary mode includes communicating, to the interactive controller, an indication to provide a supplementary mode session. The supplementary mode module  1210  may also trigger execution of the supplementary mode based on a condition other than monitored parameters. For example, the condition may be a time-based trigger or receiving an indication from a third party source to trigger the supplementary mode. 
     The interactive controller  1202 , upon receiving an indication to provide a supplementary mode session, provides the supplementary mode session, such as a bonus round or a boss round. When the user successfully completes the supplementary mode session, benefits are received from the benefit pool controller  1208  and the supplementary mode session is concluded. 
       FIG. 11  is a sequence diagram of interactions between components of an interleaved wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The system includes an interactive controller  1302 , an application controller  1304 , a benefit pool controller  1306 , and a wager controller  1308 , as described herein. 
     The interactive controller  1302  communicates application telemetry to the application controller  1304  ( 1310 ). The application telemetry is based on an interactive application provided by the interactive controller  1302 . In some embodiments, the interactive application is an interactive game. In some embodiments, the interactive game is a skill-based interactive game. In some embodiments, the interactive game is a chance-based interactive game. 
     The application controller  1304  receives the application telemetry from the interactive controller  1302  ( 1310 ). Based on the received application telemetry, the application controller  1304  determines whether a wager request should be triggered. When a wager request is triggered, the application controller  1304  communicates, to the wager controller  1308 , a wager request ( 1312 ). 
     The wager controller  1308  receives the wager request from the application controller  1304  ( 1312 ). In some embodiments, upon receiving a wager request from the application controller  1304 , the wager controller  1308  communicates an amount of benefit to the benefit pool controller  1306  ( 1314 ). For example, the wager controller  1308  may communicate a real world credit amount to the benefit pool controller  1306  that is a portion of the wager amount associated with the wager request. The benefit pool controller  1306  receives the benefit contribution from the wager controller  1308  ( 1314 ). 
     Upon receiving the wager request, the wager controller  1308  also determines a wager result and communicates the wager result to the application controller  1304  ( 1316 ). The application controller  1304  receives the wager result from the wager controller  1308  ( 1316 ). Steps  1310 - 1316  may be repeated any number of times, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
     Interactive controller  1302  communicates, to the application controller  1304 , application telemetry ( 1318 ). The application controller  1304  receives the application telemetry from the interactive controller  1302  ( 1318 ). Upon receiving the application telemetry, the application controller determines whether to trigger a supplementary mode ( 1320 ). As described herein, the determination of whether to trigger a supplementary mode may be performed by a supplementary mode module within the application controller  1304 . Also as described herein, the determination may be based on whether one or more parameters meet a threshold value or may be based on another trigger, such as a time-based trigger or receiving an indication from a third party source (not shown). 
     When triggering a supplementary mode is determined, the application controller  1304  communicates a notification regarding the supplementary mode to the interactive controller  1302  ( 1322 ). The notification regarding the supplementary mode may be an indication to the interactive controller  1302  to provide a supplementary mode to the user. As described herein, the supplementary mode may be a bonus round and/or a boss round. 
     The interactive controller  1302  receives a notification regarding the supplementary mode, from the application controller  1304  ( 1322 ). Upon receiving the notification, the interactive controller  1302  provides the supplementary mode session ( 1324 ). For example, if the interactive application is a skill-based interactive game, and the supplementary mode is a boss round, the user may be required to defeat the boss through skillful play of the interactive game in order to complete the supplementary mode session. 
     Upon completion of the supplementary mode session, the interactive controller  1302  communicates results of the supplementary mode session to the application controller  1304  ( 1326 ). The application controller  1304  receives the results of the supplementary mode session from the interactive controller  1302  ( 1326 ). The results of the supplementary mode session may be a score achieved by the user and may also include an indication of success or failure. 
     Based on the results of the supplementary mode session, the application controller  1304  communicates a request for benefits to the benefit pool controller  1306  ( 1328 ). The benefit pool controller  1306  receives the request for benefits from the application controller ( 1328 ). In some embodiments, the request for benefits includes the score of the user. Based on the received request for benefits, the benefit pool controller  1306  communicates benefits to the application controller  1304  ( 1330 ). The application controller  1304  receives the benefits from the benefit pool controller  1306  ( 1330 ). The application controller  1304  communicates the received benefits to the interactive controller  1302  ( 1332 ). The interactive controller  1302  receives the benefits from the application controller  1304  ( 1332 ). In some embodiments, the benefit pool controller  1306  communicates the benefits to the interactive controller  1302  directly. 
     While the above description may include many specific embodiments of the invention, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as examples of embodiments thereof. It is therefore to be understood that the present invention can be practiced otherwise than specifically described, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Thus, embodiments of the present invention described herein should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.