Patent Publication Number: US-9848968-B2

Title: Oral care instrument

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention pertains to an oral hygiene implement, more particularly to an oral hygiene implement including an indication element. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The utilization of toothbrushes to clean teeth has long been known. There are two main classes of toothbrushes available for a user, manual toothbrushes and power toothbrushes. For manual toothbrushes the user generally provides the majority of the cleaning motion. In contrast, for power toothbrushes the majority of the cleaning motion is provided by the toothbrush. The power toothbrush generally includes a drive mechanism for driving a brush head. Because the toothbrush includes a drive mechanism, power toothbrushes are generally more costly to produce than manual toothbrushes. Power toothbrushes may provide a user with additional features as well. For example, some power toothbrushes can track the time that a brush head is used and indicate to the user the time for replacement of the brush head. As another example, some power toothbrushes can provide an indication to the user as to when the user brushes a predetermined amount of time. 
     These indication means have traditionally been positioned in the front of the toothbrush, the area or side having the bristles. However during use a toothbrush is moved in many directions, such that an indication means positioned in only one side or area of a toothbrush may not always be visible to a user. Accordingly, a need exists for a personal hygiene implement which can provide the user with an indication means that is visible during use. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An oral hygiene implement is provided that comprises a handle having a circumference, a head, and a neck disposed between the handle and the head, the head comprising a plurality of contact elements, the oral hygiene implement further comprises an indication element, the indication element having an outer lateral surface; an electromagnetic energy output source; a transmission element in electromagnetic energy communication with the output source; a transmission element ring having a bottom edge in electromagnetic energy communication with the transmission element; and a reflective core disposed within the transmission element, wherein the reflective core redirects electromagnetic energy from the output source to the indication element. 
     An oral hygiene implement is provided that comprises a handle, a head, and a neck disposed between the handle and the head, the head comprising a plurality of contact elements, the oral hygiene implement further comprises an indication element, the indication element having an outer lateral surface; an electromagnetic energy output source; a transmission element in electromagnetic energy communication with the output source; a transmission element ring having an outer periphery in electromagnetic energy communication with the transmission element; wherein the transmission element ring redirects electromagnetic energy from the output source to the indication element. 
     An indicator mechanism is provided that comprises an indication element; an electromagnetic energy output source; a transmission element in electromagnetic energy communication with the output source; a transmission element ring comprising one or more surface contours in electromagnetic energy communication with the transmission element; wherein the transmission element ring redirects electromagnetic energy from the output source to the indication element. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a side view showing an oral hygiene implement, for example a toothbrush, constructed in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a plan view showing an oral hygiene implement, for example a toothbrush, constructed in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 3A  is a frontal view showing an indicator mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3B  is a cross-sectional view of an indicator mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3C  is a cross-sectional view of an indicator mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4A  is a close up view showing a portion of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 4B  is a close up view showing a portion of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of an indicator mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 6A-6F  are a close up views showing a portion of an indicator mechanism according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a close up view showing a portion of an indicator mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7A  is a cross-sectional view of the indicator mechanism portion of  FIG. 7  along section line  7 A- 7 A. 
         FIG. 8  is a close up view showing a portion of an indicator mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8A  is a cross-sectional view of the indicator mechanism portion of  FIG. 8  along section line  8 A- 8 A. 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of an indicator mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9A  is a flattened illustrative view of  FIG. 9  sectioned through section line  9 A- 9 A. 
         FIG. 9B  is a close up view showing a portion of a transmission element ring according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9C  is a close up view showing a portion of a transmission element ring according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9D  is a side view of a transmission element and transmission element ring according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9E  is a perspective view of a transmission element and transmission element ring according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view of an indicator mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 11A-11D  are cross sectional views of exemplary LEDs which are suitable for use with the oral hygiene implement of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The following text sets forth a broad description of numerous different embodiments of the present invention. The description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment since describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible, and it will be understood that any feature, characteristic, component, composition, ingredient, product, step or methodology described herein can be deleted, combined with or substituted for, in whole or part, any other feature, characteristic, component, composition, ingredient, product, step or methodology described herein. Numerous alternative embodiments could be implemented, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims. 
     It should also be understood that, unless a term is expressly defined in this patent using the sentence “As used herein, the term ‘ —————— ’ is hereby defined to mean . . . ” or a similar sentence, there is no intent to limit the meaning of that term, either expressly or by implication, beyond its plain or ordinary meaning, and such term should not be interpreted to be limited in scope based on any statement made in any section of this patent (other than the language of the claims). No term is intended to be essential to the present invention unless so stated. To the extent that any term recited in the claims at the end of this patent is referred to in this patent in a manner consistent with a single meaning, that is done for sake of clarity only so as to not confuse the reader, and it is not intended that such claim term be limited, by implication or otherwise, to that single meaning. Finally, unless a claim element is defined by reciting the word “means” and a function without the recital of any structure, it is not intended that the scope of any claim element be interpreted based on the application of 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph. 
     As used herein “personal hygiene implement” refers to any implement which can be utilized for the purposes of personal hygiene. Some suitable examples include oral hygiene implements, such as toothbrushes, either manual or powered; razors, either manual or powered; shavers, either manual or powered; trimmers, etc. 
     As used herein, “oral hygiene implement” refers to any device which can be utilized for the purposes of oral hygiene. Some suitable examples of such devices include toothbrushes (both manual and power), flossers (both manual and power), water picks, and the like. 
     For ease of explanation, the oral hygiene implement described hereafter shall be a powered toothbrush; however, as stated above, an oral hygiene implement constructed in accordance with the present invention is not limited to a powered toothbrush construction. Additionally, the embodiments described hereafter are equally applicable to blades, razors, other personal hygiene implements, or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , a toothbrush  10  comprises a handle  12 , a head  14 , and a neck  16  extending between the handle  12  and the head  14 . A contact element field  20  comprising one or more contact elements extends from a first surface  14 A of the head  14 . A tongue cleaner, soft tissue cleanser, massaging element, or the like, may be disposed on a second surface  14 B of the head  14 . The tongue cleaners, soft tissue cleansers, massaging elements, or the like, are discussed hereafter. 
     An indication element  30  may be disposed between the handle  12  and the neck  16  adjacent the proximal end  90 . The indication element  30  may provide a visible signal to a user for a plurality of conditions. For example, the visible signal may be provided when a user has brushed for an adequate amount of time, for example two minutes, when the toothbrush needs to be replaced, or when the user is brushing too hard as excess pressure can damage gums. 
     The indication element  30  may be positioned in any suitable location on the toothbrush  10 . For example, in some embodiments, the indication element  30  may surround the neck  16  or may surround the handle  12 . As another example, the indication element  30  may surround a portion of the handle  12 , a portion of the neck  16 , or both. As yet another example, the indication element  30  may be disposed on a back-facing surface  40 B of the handle  12 , neck  16 , or both. As yet another example, the indication element  30  may be disposed on a front-facing surface  40 A of the handle  12 , neck  16 , or both. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the contact field element  20  may be mounted on the head  14  such that it can be rotated about an axis  31 . The axis  31  can be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis  21  of the neck  16 . The axis  31  may also be angled relative to the longitudinal axis  21  of the neck  16 . The handle  12  comprises an outer shell  212 , forming an interior section of the handle  12 , with a chassis  35  disposed therein. Fastened onto the chassis  35  are a drive motor  36 , a power source, such as a battery  37 , and other electronic components, for example, a charging coil  38 . Further, a rocker  39  may be mounted on the chassis  35  such that it can be pivoted about a rocker axis  40 . The rocker axis  40  extends transversely to the longitudinal axis  55  of handle  12 . The rocker  39  projects out of handle  12 . The neck  16  may be releasably attached to the projecting end of rocker  39 . As a result, the neck  16  can be rocked, along with rocker  39 , about rocker axis  40 . 
     The annular space between the rocker  39  and the outer shell  212  of the handle be sealed by a sealing element  270 ; thereby reducing the likelihood of leakage into the cavity of the outer shell  212 . The sealing element  270  may comprise any suitable sealing feature. Some examples of sealing features include deformable materials which can be compressed and then recover within the cavity of the outer shell  212 , o-rings, etc. In some embodiments, a soft material may be overmolded onto the chassis  35 , and during assembly of the chassis  35  and outer shell  212  the soft material may engage the outer shell  212  to form a seal. In other embodiments, a soft material may be overmolded to the outer shell  212 , and subsequently the chassis  35  may be inserted into the outer shell  212  and engage the soft material. Still in other embodiments, a soft material may be a discrete element which is either placed on the chassis  35  before attachment of the chassis  35  to the outer shell  212  or is placed on the outer shell  212  prior to the attachment of the chassis  35  to the outer shell  212 . In certain embodiments the indication element  30  can seal the annular space between the rocker  39  and the outer shell  212 . 
     Additionally, in certain embodiments, electromagnetic energy, such as light provided to the indication element  30  may also be provided to the sealing element  270 . In the case where the sealing element  270  is transparent, light may be provided to the user via the indication element  30  and the sealing element  270 . In the case where the sealing element  270  is translucent, the light may have an intensity or color contrast between the light of the sealing element  270  and the indication element  30 . In the case where the sealing element  270  is pigmented and translucent or transparent, the light provided to the indication element  30  may blend with the pigment color of the sealing element  270  to produce a unique visual effect. Accordingly, the light provided may comprise a first color while the pigmented sealing element  270  may comprise a second color. 
     A first drive shaft  42  is disposed within the interior of the rocker  39 . In embodiments having a detachable head  14  and neck  16 , when the neck  16  is attached to the handle  12 , the first drive shaft  42  engages in a rotationally fixed manner with a second drive shaft  43 . The second drive shaft  43  then drives the contact field element  20  in rotation about the axis of rotation  31  via a bevel-gear stage  44 . The motor end of first drive shaft  42  is connected to drive motor  36  via a gear mechanism  45 . The powered toothbrush  10  further includes, within the handle  12 , a motor shaft  46  that projects out from drive motor  36 . The continuous rotary movement of motor shaft  46  is converted into a rotary, oscillating movement of first drive shaft  42  by means of gear mechanism  45 . The result is that contact field element  20  is driven in rotation in a reciprocating manner. 
     In certain embodiments, a translatory stroke or picking movement of contact field element  20  along axis  31  may be produced by the pivotable arrangement of rocker  39 . The rocker  39  is seated on a cyclically movable drive part  47  (here, a cam), which is designed as an eccentric and is itself seated on the motor shaft  46 . The end of the rocker  39  that is directed away from contact field element  20  forms a follower part  48 . The follower part  48  follows the curved surface or cyclic movement of the cam  47 , so that rocker  39  executes a reciprocating rocking movement. For this purpose, a prestressing device  49 , for example a spring, biases the follower part  48  of the rocker  39  against cam  47 . The biasing, via rocker  39 , forces the contact field element  20  in the direction of its operating side, while the cam  47 , by way of its corresponding curved surface, forces the contact field element  20  in the opposite direction. 
     A variety of electronic elements may be disposed within the outer shell  212 . For example, within the outer shell  212  there may be housed, a timing circuit, a processor  240 , a printed circuit board (PCB)  242 , or electromagnetic output sources (output sources)  245 , for example, audible sources, light sources, LED&#39;s, or combinations thereof. The outer shell  212  may accommodate a plurality of power sources where additional voltage is required, for example to provide threshold voltage for an LED. 
     The chassis  35  can provide support for the processor  240 , or the output source  245 . The power source  37  can be electrically connected with the processor  240 , PCB  242 , or both, and the processor  240  or PCB  242  can be electrically connected with the output source  245 . As shown in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3A  the output source  245 , for example an LED, may be in electromagnetic communication with a transmission element  33 . The transmission element  33  can transmit electromagnetic energy, such as light from the output source  245  to a transmission element ring  65  and the indication element  30 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 3A , an indicator mechanism  61  is shown, which in this embodiment comprises a transmission element  33 , transmission element ring  65 , and an indication element  30 . The transmission element  33  is configured to transmit electromagnetic energy, such as light from an output source  245  to the indication element  30 . For example, where the output source  245  is an LED, the transmission element  33  may be a light pipe, light guide, fiber optic, or the like. A transmission element  33  may also comprise a transmission element ring  65 . The transmission element ring  65  laterally extends from the transmission element  33  such that it partially or completely traverses the circumference of the toothbrush handle, so as to spread the distribution of light throughout the indication element  30 . The material selected for the transmission element  33  can be a clear material, transparent material, translucent material, or combinations thereof, which transmit light from the LED through the transmission element  33  to the indication element  30 . Some examples of suitable materials for the transmission element  33  include glass, polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate, copolyester, polypropylene, polyethyleneteraphthalate, silicone, combinations thereof, for example polyester and polycarbonate, or the like, 
     In some embodiments, the indication element  30  and the transmission element  33  may be unitary. For example, the transmission element  33  and the indication element  30  may be integrally constructed out of a first material during an injection molding process. In some embodiments, transmission element  33  may be a discrete part from the indication element  30 . In those embodiments where the transmission element  33  and indication element  30  are discrete parts, the elements  30 ,  33  may be positioned relative to each other in any manner that allows the transmission of electromagnetic energy from the output source  245 , through the transmission element  33  to the indication element  30 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 3B  the indication element  30  may be positioned above the transmission element  33  or as shown in  FIG. 3C  the transmission element  33  may be partially nested within the indication element  30 . With reference back to  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the indication element  30 , the transmission element  33 , and chassis  35  may be integrally formed. In some embodiments, the indication element  30  and transmission element  33  may be integrally formed and subsequently attached to the chassis  35 . In some embodiments, the indication element  30 , the transmission element  33 , and outer shell  212  may be integrally formed. In some embodiments, the indication element  30  and the outer shell  212  may be integrally formed and the transmission element  33  will be subsequently attached to the outer shell  212 . The benefit of such embodiments is that a reduced number of components are required for the brush which can reduce the cost and/or time of assembly. 
     The transmission element  33  may transmit electromagnetic energy, such as light, to the indication element  30  by internal reflection or external reflection. External reflections are reflections where the light originates in a material of low refractive index (such as air) and reflects off of a material with a higher refractive index (such as aluminum or silver). A common household mirror operates on external reflection. 
     Internal reflections are reflections where the light originates in a material of higher refractive index (such as polycarbonate) and reflects off of a material with lower refractive index (such as air or vacuum or water). Fiber optic technology operates on the principle of internal reflections. Refractive index is an optic attribute of any material which measures the tendency of light to refract, or bend, when passing through the material. Even materials that do not conduct light (such as aluminum) have indices of refraction. 
     Typically, external reflections are most efficient when the angle of incidence of the light is near-normal (i.e., light approaches perpendicular to the surface) and degrade as the angle of incidence increases (approaches the surface at a steep angle). Conversely, internal reflections are most efficient at high angles of incidence and fail to reflect at shallow angles, for example normal to the surface. In order to achieve internal reflection, the angle of incidence should be greater than the critical angle. The critical angle is the angle below which light no longer reflects between a pair of materials. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 2 , for those embodiments of the present invention that utilize external reflection, a foil or some other highly reflective material can be utilized within the outer shell  212 , chassis  35 , or both. The highly reflective material, such as foil, can be disposed on the interior surface  375  of the outer shell  212  or the interior surface  377  of the chassis  35 . In other embodiments, the highly reflective material, such as foil can be wrapped around the transmission element  33 . 
     For those embodiments utilizing internal reflection, a material may be selected having high refractive index, for example above 1.0. For example, the material selected for the transmission element  33  may comprise a refractive index of greater than about 1.4, greater than about 1.5, greater than about 1.6, or less than about 1.7, less than about 1.6, less than about 1.5, or any number within the values provided or any ranges within the values provided. In some embodiments, the material selected for the transmission element  33  has a refractive index of between about 1.4 to about 1.6. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 4A and 4B , in such embodiments, an outer surface  429 ,  1429 , of the transmission element  33 ,  233 , may be polished. The polished outer surface  429 ,  1429  of the transmission element  33 ,  233 , can reduce the amount of leakage of light from the transmission element  33 ,  233 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 4A , the transmission element  33  may comprise a receptacle  453  for receiving the output source  245 , such as an LED. The receptacle  453  may be disposed on an end  455  of the transmission element  33 . One benefit of providing a receptacle  453  on the end  455  of the transmission element  33  is that during manufacturing, the output source  245 , such as an LED, may be inserted into the receptacle  453  thereby reducing the chance for misalignment of the output source  245  with respect to the transmission element  33 . This can help reduce the amount of leakage of light between the output source  245  and the transmission element  33 . 
     As stated previously, to achieve internal reflection, impinging light may be above the critical angle. The angle at which light impinges upon the transmission element  33  can be impacted by the distribution angle (discussed hereafter) of the output source  245  or  1450  (shown in  FIG. 4B ). For those output sources having a small distribution angle, the design of the receptacle  453 , for example having sides  453 A and  453 B perpendicular to face  453 C, may be sufficient to capture the majority of light emitted from the output source  245  for internal reflection. However, any light which is not above the critical angle will generally not be internally reflected. Accordingly, the sides  453 A,  453 B and/or the face  453 C may be configured to increase the amount of light which is above the critical angle. For example, the sides  453 A,  453 B may be tapered toward or away from the face  453 C. Similarly, the face  453 C may include an angled surface, multiple angled surfaces, curved surfaces, for example lens shaped (convex or concave curvature), to increase the amount of emitted light which is above the critical angle. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4B , in some embodiments, a transmission element  233  may be configured with a flat surface on an end  1455  as shown in  FIG. 4B . In such embodiments, an output source  1450 , such as an LED, may be positioned a distance  1460  away from the end  1455 . In an effort to reduce the amount of light leaked from the output source  1450 , distance B ( 1460 ) should generally be within the following guidelines. 
     
       
         
           
             B 
             ≤ 
             
               A 
               
                 tan 
                 ⁡ 
                 
                   ( 
                   α 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Where α is the half angle α available from a manufacturer&#39;s specifications for an output source of light, and where A ( 1457 ) is a leg of projection on the transmission element  233 . The leg of projection  1457  is the straight line distance from the midpoint of the output source  1450  projected onto the transmission element  233  to an edge  1459  of the transmission element  233 . 
     For those embodiments utilizing internal reflection, the distribution angle of the output source  245 ,  1450 , such as an LED, should be considered. If the distribution angle is too broad, a portion of the light provided to the transmission element  33 ,  233  may not be internally reflected and instead will be leaked out of the transmission element  33 ,  233 . Any suitable distribution angle may be utilized. Some examples of suitable distribution angles include greater than about 0 degrees, greater than about 1 degrees, greater than about 2 degrees, greater than about 5 degrees, greater than about 6 degrees, greater than about 8 degrees, greater than about 10 degrees, greater than about 12 degrees, greater than about 14 degrees, greater than about 16 degrees, greater than about 18 degrees, greater than about 20 degrees, greater than about 22 degrees, or less than about 22 degrees, less than about 20 degrees, less than about 18 degrees, less than about 16 degrees, less than about 14 degrees, less than about 12 degrees, less than about 10 degrees, less than about 8 degrees, or any number within the values provided or any ranges within the values provided. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3A , as stated previously, a transmission element  33  can transmit electromagnetic energy, such as light from an output source  245  to the indication element  30 . In an effort to reduce the amount of energy leaked through the transmission element  33 , a reflective core  461  disposed in the transmission element  33  may be utilized. The reflective core  461  can reduce the amount of light which is lost through the transmission element  33  and transmission element ring  65  into the handle or neck of the brush. Additionally, the reflective core  461  can assist in distributing light through the indication element  30  to the outer lateral surfaces  87  of the indication element  30 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the reflective core  461  may comprise one or more faces  467 , which may be polished, disposed within the transmission element  33 . The faces  467  can be configured to redirect light  71  transmitted through the transmission element to the indication element  30 . 
     The faces  467  of the reflective core  461  may be configured in a wedge shape, or any other shape, such as a cone, that will facilitate the dispersion of electromagnetic energy, such as light, towards the indication element  30 . The faces  467  of the reflective core  461  may be of any shape to facilitate dispersion of electromagnetic energy towards the indication element  30 , for example, as shown in  FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C , along any portion of their length or along their entire length one or more of the faces  467  may be curved, straight, notched, U-shaped or any combination thereof. In addition to assist in the dispersion of electromagnetic energy to the indication element the reflective core may have any number of faces, as shown in  FIGS. 6D and 6E . For example, as shown in  FIG. 6E  the reflective core  461  has seven faces  467 A,  467 B,  467 C,  467 D,  467 E,  467 F,  467 G. Further, as shown in  FIG. 6F  a transmission element  33  may also have a front side  134  and a back side  135  and the shape of the reflective core  461  on the front side  134  of the transmission element  33  can differ from the shape of the reflective core  461  on the backside  135  of the transmission element  33 . In certain embodiments the reflective core  461  penetrates completely through the transmission element  33  to form a passageway from the front side  134  of the transmission element  33  to the back side  135  of the transmission element  33 . In other embodiments the reflective core  461  does not completely penetrate the transmission element  33 . In still other embodiments the reflective core  461  does not penetrate the transmission element  33  at all, but is instead integral with the transmission element  33 , for example the reflective core  461  may comprise reflective surfaces embedded within the transmission element  33 . Further in cross-section the faces of the reflective core may be angled, curved, or otherwise shaped to increase the reflection of light towards the indication element. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 7 and 7A  the faces  467  of the reflective core  461  may be curved in cross-section, while  FIGS. 8 and 8A  show the faces  467  are angled away from the front side  134  of the transmission element  33  towards the backside  135  of the transmission element  33 . 
     Referring back to  FIG. 5 , the reflective core  461  as shown can be a recess which remains empty in the final product. In certain embodiments, the reflective core  461  may be partially filled with a material. Where the reflective core  461  is partially filled, an air gap between the filling material and the faces  467  may be provided. The existence of this air gap can ensure that internal reflection is maintained within the indication element  30 . In some embodiments, the reflective core  461  may be completely filled with material which has a lower refractive index than that of the material of the reflective core. 
     It is believed that without the reflective core  461  less than about 10 percent of the light provided by the output source would be emitted by the indication element  30 . And, it is believed that with the reflective core  461  about 90 percent or more of the light provided by the output source  245  would be emitted by the indication element  30 . In certain embodiments, the light emitted by the indication element  30  is greater than about 10 percent of the light provided by the output source, greater than about 20 percent, greater than about 30 percent, greater than about 40 percent, greater than about 50 percent, greater than about 60 percent, greater than about 70 percent, greater than about 80 percent, greater than about 90 percent, less than about 100 percent, less than about 90 percent, less than about 80 percent, less than about 70 percent, less than about 60 percent, less than about 50 percent, less than about 40 percent, less than about 30 percent, less than about 20 percent, or any number within the values listed above or any ranges comprising and/or within the values above. A test method for measuring the light emission efficiency is discussed hereafter. 
       FIG. 9  shows electromagnetic energy, such as light  71 , from an output source  245 , such as an LED, travels along the transmission element  33  towards the indication element  30 . In certain embodiments at least a portion of the light travelling towards the indication element  30  along the transmission element  33  is reflected off of the faces  467  of the reflective core  461  back towards the transmission element  33 . This light is redirected towards the bottom edge  67  of the transmission element ring  65 . In certain embodiments to produce a constant light distribution all around the circumference of the indication element  30 , the reflective core  461  redirects the light beams  71  that are coming from the output source  245  through the transmission element  33 , in such a manner that a constant density of light beams  71  are achieved on the bottom edge  67  of the transmission element ring  65 . By choosing the right angle and shape (for example curved) of the reflective core an expansion of the light can be realized—through the production of a constant light density on the bottom edge  67 . For illustration purposes  FIG. 9A , which is a depiction of  FIG. 9  having a lateral cut through the transmission element  33 , and the resulting transmission element  33  and transmission element ring  65  opened up and flattened out, shows how the reflective core  461  distributes light beams  71  around the circumference of the transmission element ring  65 . 
     The bottom edge  67  of the transmission element ring  65  has a reflective surface to further redirect the light towards the indication element  30 . The reflective surface of the transmission element ring can be coated with a reflective material or as shown in  FIG. 9  can be comprised of surface contours  83  that are formed in such a manner to redirect the light towards the indication element  30 , or both reflective coatings and surface contours can be used. 
       FIG. 9  shows a series of surface contours  83 , in this instance in the shape of reflective teeth, which comprise two angled sides to produce a triangular protrusion. In certain embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 9B  to substantially use internal reflection, the surface contours have an orientation (angle α 1  and α 2 ) such that the light contacts the surface of a surface contour  83  on an angle below the critical angle. Further, in certain embodiments the angles (α 1  and α 2 ) may change depending on the position of the surface contour on the transmission element ring  65 , for example the angles could change depending on the distance from the reflective core. The angle of α 1  and α 2  may be in the range of 0-45°.  FIG. 9C  shows that in addition to triangular surface contours, arched surface contours can be used, which can expand the light to create a more homogenous light distribution on the indication element. In certain embodiments, surface contours may have the following dimensions of height (H); width (W); and distance between adjacent surface contours (D):
 
 H≦W/ 2
 
 D≧ 0
 
     The height H of a surface contour may be H≦3 mm, for example in certain embodiments, 0.5 mm≦H≦1 mm. Further, the position of the surface contour on the transmission element ring may affect the H, W, or D. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9  the redirection of the light due to the surface contours  83  of the bottom edge  67  of the transmission element ring  65  allows light to be emitted from all outer lateral surfaces  87  of the indication element  30  providing an all around 360° effect. In certain embodiments, near the reflective core  461  where the light has a high intensity, less surface contours  83  can be used, while further away from the reflective core  461 , such as at the backside  101 , where the light intensity is already reduced, more surface contours  83  can be used to achieve a similar light intensity along the indication element  30 . Otherwise, the indication element  30  may appear much brighter near the reflective core  461 /output source  245  and much darker at areas further away from the reflective core  461 /output source  245 . 
     In certain embodiments, as shown in  FIGS. 9D and 9E , the transmission element  33  may be non-linear along its length, such that the transmission element  33  might contain one or more angles, or as shown in  FIGS. 9D and 9E , one or more curves. Such an orientation of the transmission element  33  is beneficial in certain embodiments, when for example as in a powered toothbrush there may be obstructions, such as motors or batteries, between the output source and the indication element. Therefore, the non-linear orientation of the transmission element  33  allows for the transfer of light to the transmission element ring  65  and indication element  30  from the output source  245  even when a direct path is obstructed. The transmission element may also connect to the transmission element ring at any point along the transmission element ring that allows for the transmission of light from the transmission element. In addition, the surface contours may be present on any surface or surfaces of the transmission element ring. For example as shown in  FIG. 9E  the surface contours  83  are positioned on the inner surface of the transmission element ring  65 , such that the light is reflected outwards towards the indication element  30 , which in this embodiment is positioned at least partially along the outer periphery  66  of the transmission element ring  65 .  FIGS. 9D and 9E  also demonstrate that a reflective core is not present in certain embodiments, as the transmission element  33  and transmission element ring  65  are able to distribute the light to the indication element. 
     With reference back to  FIG. 9  the redirected light from the bottom edge  67  of the transmission element ring  65  enters the indication element  30  where it is directed towards the outer lateral surface  87  of the indication element  30  or in certain embodiments would be reflected off a surface of the indication element  30 , for example the top surface  91  or inner surface  93 , which may be coated with a reflective material. In certain embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 10 , the top surface  91 , inner surface  93 , or both may be formed in a manner to redirect light  71  towards the outer lateral surface  87  of the indication element  30 , for example the top surface  91  or inner surface  93  may be curved or in the case of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 10  the surfaces may be angled. 
     Additionally, embodiments comprising multiple output sources are contemplated. For example, a receptacle may be configured such that two LEDs may be positioned therein. In certain embodiments where an LED provides a signal a first LED may provide a first output signal for one condition, for example brushing time, while a second LED may provide a second output signal for a second condition, for example time for brush replacement, wherein the first output signal and the second output signal are different. Similarly, in embodiments where the transmission element does not include a receptacle, a plurality of output sources, for example LEDs, may be utilized. 
     In addition, certain embodiments are also contemplated where the output source comprises an LED having multiple dices as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0053896A1. As shown in  FIG. 11A , an LED  815  may include a lens  830 , and one positive lead  821  and one negative lead  809 . The LED  815  may comprise more than one light emitter and more than one semi-conductor substrate, and can have more than two leads. Embodiments are contemplated where the LED comprises two dices. Additionally, embodiments are contemplated where the LED comprises more than two dices. 
     For example, the LED  815  may comprise multiple light emitting dices  805  and  817  and a wire bonding  807  and  818 . The wire bonding  818  may serve as the connection between the dices  805  and  817 . This connection can be either a parallel connection or a serial connection. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11B , an LED  815 B (two wire LED) may comprise multiple dices  805  and  817  connected in series. The LED  815 B may include one positive lead  809  and one negative lead  827 . As shown, each dice  805  and  817  may have an individual pedestal  837  and  839 . The dices have a serial connection  811  connecting the top of dices  805  to the bottom of dices  817 , and wire bonding  813  connects the top of dices  817  to the negative lead  827 . All light from the light emitting sources may be combined to result in a single light output at lens  830  of LED  815 B. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11C , an LED  815 C may include multiple dices  805  and  817  connected in parallel. The LED  815 C may comprise a single light output, the lens  830 , and one positive lead  809 , and one negative lead  827 . The dices may have a parallel connection, wire bonding  837  connecting the top of dices  805  to the top of dices  817 , and wire bonding  807  connecting the top of dices  817  to the top of the common negative lead  827 . All light from the light emitting sources can be combined to result in a single light output at lens  830  of LED  815 C. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11D , an LED  815 D (three wire LED) may include multiple dices  805  and  817 . The LED  815 D may comprise a lens  830 , two semiconductor substrates, dices  805  and  817  shown connected in parallel, wire bondings  819  and  821 , one positive lead  833 , and two negative leads  831  and  835 . This LED  815 D also emits light from a single light output, the lens  830 . Each dice may have an individual pedestal  837  and  839 . It is also contemplated that the LED  815 D can comprise two positive leads, and one negative lead; and the dices  805  and  817  can be connected in series. 
     Additionally, the LED can comprise more than two semi-conductor substrates having light emitting properties, and the LED can comprise more than two leads. The LED can have a common or shared lead, or can have individual leads for each semi-conductor substrate having light emitting properties. Further, each semi-conductor substrate having light emitting properties can be individually powered by a separate power source, such as a battery. 
     One advantage of a three wire LED, for example LED  815 D, is that the dices  805  and  817  may be independently operated. For example, where the LED  815 D comprises two positive leads, the dices may be independently controlled. So, the first dice  805  may be operated at eighty percent capacity while the second dice  807  is operated at twenty percent capacity. As another example, the first dice  805  may be operated at fifty percent while the second dice  817  is operated at 100 percent. There are countless combinations for operating levels of the first dice  805  and the second dice  817 . It is believed that such combinations can achieve color blends which create a unique visual effect for the user. 
     For two wire LEDs light blends are also possible. For example, the polarity of the supply voltage can be switched at a high enough rate, for example higher than 70 Hz, such that the dices can be driven and create a blended color effect. When the polarity of the supply voltage is in a first state, a first dice may be energized. When the polarity of the supply voltage is in a second state, a second dice may be energized. If the polarity of the supply voltage is switched fast enough, a user may perceive a color blend. The switching rate of the polarity of the supply voltage may be greater than about 70 Hz, greater than about 80 Hz, greater than about 90 Hz, greater than about 100 Hz, greater than about 110 Hz, greater than about 120 Hz, greater than about 130 Hz, less than about 130 Hz, less than about 120 Hz, less than about 110 Hz, less than about 100 Hz, less than about 90 Hz, or any number within the values provided or any ranges within the values provided. 
     As stated above, these dices can be electrically connected in parallel or in series. When they are connected in series, all current considerations are the same as for one single dice. The total voltage can be approximated by the equation below:
 
 V=V   f1   +V   f2   + . . . +V   fn  
 
     where n is equal to the number of dices and V f =forward voltage for a particular dice. If the dices are connected in parallel, the total voltage is approximately that of a single dice. 
     Serial connection works well because it adjusts for differences between the dices. When the dices are connected in series, they automatically adjust their forward voltages and their luminous intensity become very close. In either arrangement the two dices have approximately the luminous intensity of 1.6×P i , where P i  is luminous intensity of a single dice. A three dices LED will likely have the luminous intensity of about 2.26×P i . (Interference between the dices can prevent the luminous intensity calculation from being a multiplier by the number of dice.) These dices can deliver the same color of light, or they can have different colors of light. However, if each individual light emitter emits the same light, the luminous intensity of that color light from that one single LED is greater than a single standard LED emitting light of one color. 
     A single LED could also contain two dices emitting different colors of light, for example a wavelength selected from the range of greater than about 370, 380, 390, 400, 425, 440, 450, 475, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, or 1,000 nanometers. The dices could also be selected such that the dices emit light of a different wavelength within the same color range; for example the dices could emit light having different wavelengths that result in the color blue. Further, the combination of the different wavelengths of light at the single optical output of the LED (the lens) could result in a specific combination of colors that delivers an oral care benefit. Some colors are difficult to achieve by a single wavelength of light; this invention can be used to produce light of one of these unique colors. Thus the combination of different colors at the single optical output may result in a color that cannot be achieved by one dice alone. 
     For those embodiments comprising multiple LEDs or an LED with multiple dices, the oral hygiene implement of the present invention may provide the user with multiple signals. For example, a first dice may be energized providing the user with a first visual indication. The first visual indication may correlate to a predetermined amount of time brushed by the user, for example. A second dice may be energized providing the user with a second visual indication. The second visual indication may signal the user that it is time to replace the oral care device. In such embodiments, the first visual indication may comprise first color while the second visual indication comprises a second color which is different than the first color. Any suitable colors may be utilized. 
     Toothbrushes constructed in accordance with the present invention may provide feedback to the user via the indication element for a variety of conditions. For example, during a brushing session, a visible signal may be provided when the user has brushed their teeth for a predetermined amount of time, for example two minutes, three minutes, etc. As another example, a visible signal may be provided to the user regarding when the brush should be replaced. As yet another example, a visible signal may be provided to the user regarding the time the user has brushed over a number of brushing routines. As another example, a visible signal may be provided to the user when too much force is applied to the brush head and therewith a chance is given that the user can damage his gums. In such embodiments, a first signal may be provided where the user has successfully brushed for a requisite period of time, for example two minutes, for a predetermined number of brushing routines. A second signal may be provided to the user where the user has not brushes the requisite time for each and every of the predetermined number of brushing routines. Further signals may be sent from the toothbrush, for example by using light in the infrared spectrum, such as wavelengths of around 950 nanometers. The indicator element can distribute the infrared signal in all directions to assure that a receiver can receive signals even if the toothbrush is hold in various positions. 
     The signal provided to the user may be constant, for example provide a signal to the user during the entire brushing routine. Alternatively, the signal provided to the user can be provided at the end of the brushing routine. For example, where the user has not brushed for the predetermined amount of time, for example two minutes, in a previous brushing routine, the signal provided to the user may flash red or show a red visible signal for a predetermined time period during a subsequent brushing routine. As another example, where the user brushed for a predetermined amount of time during a previous brushing routine, the signal provided to the user may flash green or show a green visible signal for a predetermined period of time. 
     In other embodiments, the signal can be provided to the user intermittently during the brushing routine. For example, the signal can be provided to the user on predetermined time intervals. For example, a signal may be provided to the user every 20 seconds. Any suitable time interval can be selected. For example, the time interval between signals can be greater than about 0.1 second, greater than about 0.2 seconds, greater than about 0.3 seconds, greater than about 0.4 seconds, greater than about 0.5 seconds, greater than about 0.6 seconds, greater than about 0.7 seconds, greater than about 0.8 seconds, greater than about 0.9 seconds, greater than about 1 second, greater than about 2 seconds, greater than about 3 seconds, greater than about 4 seconds, greater than about 5 seconds, greater than about 6 seconds, greater than about 10 seconds, greater than about 15 seconds, greater than about 20 seconds, greater than about 25 seconds, greater than about 30 seconds, greater than about 40 seconds, greater than about 50 seconds, greater than about 60 seconds, and/or less than about 60 seconds, less than about 50 seconds, less than about 40 seconds, less than about 30 seconds, less than about 25 seconds, less than about 20 seconds, less than about 15 seconds, less than about 10 seconds, less than about 5 seconds, less than about 4 seconds, less than about 3 seconds, less than about 2 seconds, less than about 1.5 seconds, less than about 1, less than about 0.9 seconds, less than about 0.8 seconds, less than about 0.7 seconds, less than about 0.6 seconds, less than about 0.5 seconds, less than about 0.4 seconds, less than about 0.2 seconds, or less than about 0.1 seconds. 
     Previously, a time interval between signals was discussed. In some embodiments, a processor may be configured to modify the time interval between the signals provided to the user either during a particular brushing routine or over a series of brushing routines. For example, during a first brushing routine, if the user brushes for a predetermined amount of time, for example two minutes, the interval between signals to the user may be at a first time interval. If in a second brushing routine, the user does not brush for the predetermined amount of time, the signals to the user may be at a second time interval. In such an embodiment, the first time interval may be greater than the second time interval thereby providing more feedback to the user. In some embodiments, the time intervals may be switched such that the user is provided more feedback for brushing the predetermined amount of time. 
     In regard to the materials making up the toothbrush the outer shell  212  may be any suitable material. Some examples of suitable materials include polypropylene, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), ASA (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate), copolyester, POM (polyaformaldeyde), combinations thereof, and the like. Additional suitable materials include polypropylene, nylon, high density polyethylene, other moldable stable polymers, the like, and/or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the handle, the neck, and/or the head, may be formed from a first material and include recesses, channels, grooves, for receiving a second material which is different from the first. For example, the handle may include an elastomeric grip feature or a plurality of elastomeric grip features. The elastomers among the plurality of elastomeric grip features may be similar materials or may be different materials, for example color, hardness, combinations thereof or the like. 
     The sealing element  270  may comprise any suitable material. Some examples of suitable material include thermoplastic elastomers, silicone based materials, NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber), EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), Viton™, etc. 
     In some embodiments, recycled and/or plant derived plastics may be utilized. For example, PET (polyethyelene terephthalate) may be utilized in some embodiments. The PET may be bio based. For example, the PET may comprise from about 25 to about 75 weight percent of a terephthalate component and from about 20 to about 50 weight percent of a diol component, wherein at least about one weight percent of at least one of the terephthalate and/or the diol component is derived from at least one bio-based material. Similarly, the terephthalate component may be derived from a bio based material. Some examples of suitable bio based materials include but are not limited to corn, sugarcane, beet, potato, starch, citrus fruit, woody plant, cellulosic lignin, plant oil, natural fiber, oily wood feedstock, and a combination thereof. 
     Some of the specific components of the PET may be bio based. For example, monoethylene glycol and terephthalic acid may be formed from bio based materials. The formation of bio based PET and its manufacture are described in United States Patent Application Publication Nos. 20090246430A1 and 20100028512A1. 
     As mentioned previously, in certain embodiments for example as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the toothbrush  10  may include a replaceable head  14 , neck  16  or both. Specifically, the head  14  may be removable from the neck  16  and/or the neck  16  may be removable from the handle  12 . Herein, whether the head  14  is removable from the neck  16  or the neck  16  is removable from the handle  12 , such replaceable elements will be termed “refills”. In such embodiments, the processor may be programmed with a plurality of algorithms in order to establish a time period for cumulative use of a particular refill and/or for identification of a particular use. Some suitable examples of oral care implements which can recognize a particular refill are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,086,111; 7,207,080; and 7,024,717. 
     The interconnectivity between the neck  16  and the handle region  12  can be provided in any suitable manner. Some suitable embodiments are discussed with regard to U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,086,111, 7,207,080, and 7,024,717. 
     The toothbrush of the present invention may further comprise a power source as discussed previously. The power source may be any suitable element which can provide power to the toothbrush. A suitable example includes one or more batteries that may be sized in order to minimize the amount of real estate required inside the toothbrush. For example, where the output source consists of a light emitting element the power source may be sized relatively small, for example smaller than a triple A battery. The battery may be rechargeable or may be disposable. In some embodiments, the power source may include alternating current power as provided by a utility company to a residence. Other suitable power sources are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/102,881, filed on Apr. 15, 2008, and entitled, “Personal Care Products and Methods”. 
     In some embodiments, a user operated switch may be provided which can allow the user to control when timing indication begins. The switch may be in electrical communication with the power source and the output signal element and/or the timer. 
     The elastomeric grip features of the handle may be utilized to overmold, at least in part, a portion of the timer, output signaling element, processor, cap, and/or power source. In such embodiments, these components may be in electrical communication via wiring which can similarly be overmolded. The elastomeric grip features may include portions which are positioned for gripping by the palm of the user and/or portions which are positioned for gripping by the thumb and index finger of the user. These elastomeric grip features may be composed of the same material or may be different, for example color, shape, composition, hardness, the like, and/or combinations thereof. 
     Additionally, as used herein, the term “contact elements” is used to refer to any suitable element which can be inserted into the oral cavity. Some suitable elements include bristle tufts, elastomeric massage elements, elastomeric cleaning elements, massage elements, tongue cleaners, soft tissue cleaners, hard surface cleaners, combinations thereof, and the like. The head may comprise a variety of contact elements. For example, the head may comprise bristles, abrasive elastomeric elements, elastomeric elements in a particular orientation or arrangement, for example pivoting fins, prophy cups, or the like. Some suitable examples of elastomeric cleaning elements and/or massaging elements are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2007/0251040; 2004/0154112; 2006/0272112; and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,553,604; 6,151,745. The cleaning elements may be tapered, notched, crimped, dimpled, or the like. Some suitable examples of these cleaning elements and/or massaging elements are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,151,745; 6,058,541; 5,268,005; 5,313,909; 4,802,255; 6,018,840; 5,836,769; 5,722,106; 6,475,553; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0080794. 
     The contact elements may be attached to the head in any suitable manner. Conventional methods include stapling, anchor free tufting, and injection mold tufting. For those contact elements that comprise an elastomer, these elements may be formed integral with one another, for example having an integral base portion and extending outward therefrom. 
     The head may comprise a soft tissue cleanser constructed of any suitable material. Some examples of suitable material include elastomeric materials; polypropylene, polyethylene, etc; the like, and/or combinations thereof. The soft tissue cleanser may comprise any suitable soft tissue cleansing elements. Some examples of such elements as well as configurations of soft tissues cleansers on a toothbrush are described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 2006/0010628; 2005/0166344; 2005/0210612; 2006/0195995; 2008/0189888; 2006/0052806; 2004/0255416; 2005/0000049; 2005/0038461; 2004/0134007; 2006/0026784; 20070049956; 2008/0244849; 2005/0000043; 2007/140959; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,980,542; 6,402,768; and 6,102,923. 
     For those embodiments which include an elastomeric element on a first side of the head and an elastomeric element on a second side of the head (opposite the first), the elastomeric elements may be integrally formed via channels or gaps which extend through the material of the head. These channels or gaps can allow elastomeric material to flow through the head during an injection molding process such that both the elastomeric elements of the first side and the second side may be formed in one injection molding step. 
     Test Method for Determining Light Emission Efficiency 
     Obtain three samples of the brush to be tested and three samples of the output source utilized in the brush. The samples of the output source should be identical to that utilized in the brush. Take all samples, i.e. three brush samples and three samples of the output source, to an independent testing facility. The testing facility will test each of the three samples of the brush and each of the samples of the output source in an appropriately sized integrating sphere. For example, a 12 inch integrating sphere may be suitable to fit the brush samples. 
     The testing facility will calibrate all equipment prior to measurement of any samples. The samples of the output source will be tested prior to the testing of the brushes. The testing facility will place one sample of the output source in the integrating sphere in accordance with standard testing procedures. The output source will be powered by the same voltage as that provided in the brush. Specifically, if the brush utilizes one 3.6 volt Li-ion battery, then the output source shall similarly be powered one 3.6 volt Li-Ion battery. 
     The output source shall be powered on, the integrating sphere closed, and the total light radiated from the output source shall be measured. Each of the remaining samples of output source shall be measured similarly. The total light output of each of the samples of output source will be recorded and noted by each sample. 
     Remove the sample output source from the integrating sphere prior to testing a sample brush. Place a sample brush in the integrating sphere configured in such a manner as to activate the output source of the brush without blocking the light emitted from the indication element of the brush. For example, where the indication element provides a visual indication of too much pressure being applied, a harness may be utilized to move the head/neck of the brush to ensure that the indication element/output source is activated. Measure the total light radiated from the sample brush. Repeat for the remaining samples of brush. 
     The total light radiated from sample output source one will be divided by the total light radiated from sample brush one. The quotient is then multiplied by 100 to determine percent one. The total light radiated from sample output source two will be divided by the total light radiated from sample brush two. The quotient is then multiplied by 100 to determine percentage two. The total light radiated from sample output source three will be divided by the total light radiated from sample brush three. The quotient is then multiplied by 100 to determined percentage three. The percentages one, two, and three, are averaged to obtain the percent efficiency. 
     The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.” 
     Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern. 
     While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.