Patent Publication Number: US-2011071220-A1

Title: Use of Tetronic Acid Derivatives for Fighting Insects and Red Spider Mites by Watering on the Ground, Droplet Application or Immersion Application

Description:
The present invention relates to the use of tetronic acid derivatives for controlling insects and/or spider mites by watering, droplet application or dip (immersion) application. 
     It is known that certain substituted Δ 3 -dihydrofuran-2-one derivatives have herbicidal properties (cf. DE-A-4 014 420). The synthesis of the tetronic acid derivatives (such as, for example, 3-(2-methylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-Δ 3 -dihydrofuran-2-one) which are used as starting compounds, has also been described in DE-A-4 014 420. Compounds of a similar structure are known from the publication Campbell et al., J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1985, (8) 1567-76 without any insecticidal and/or acaricidal activity being mentioned. 3-Aryl-Δ 3 -dihydrofuranone derivatives having herbicidal, acaricidal and insecticidal properties are furthermore known from EP-A-528 156, EP-A-0 647 637, WO 95/26 345, WO 96/20 196, WO 96/25 395, WO 96/35 664, WO 97/01 535, WO 97/02 243, WO 97/36 868, WO 98/05638, WO 98/25928, WO 99/16748, WO 99/43649, WO 99/48869, WO 99/55673, WO 00/42850, WO 01/17972, WO 01/23354, WO 01/74770, WO 03/013 249, WO 04/024 688, WO 04/080 962, WO 04/111 042, WO 05/092897, WO 06/000355, WO 06/029799, WO 06/089633, WO 07/048,545 and WO 07/073,856. 
     Surprisingly, it has now been found that the tetronic acid derivatives are also highly suitable for controlling insects and spider mites by watering on the ground (known as “drenching” by persons skilled in the art), droplet application on the ground (known as “drip application” by persons skilled in the art) or dip application. 
     Accordingly, the present invention relates to the use of tetronic acid derivatives for controlling insects and/or spider mites by drenching, in irrigation systems as drip application or by dip application. The present invention relates in particular to these application forms on artificial soilless cultivation substrates (for example rock wool, glass wool, quartz sand, gravel, expanded clay, vermiculite), outdoors or in closed systems (for example greenhouses or under cloches) and in annual (for example vegetables, spices, ornamental plants), but also perennial (for example citrus plants, conifers, ornamental plants, shrubs) crops. 
     The present invention furthermore relates to the improvement of the action of agrochemical compositions in soil applications, to the agrochemical compositions suitable for this application and to their use for controlling harmful insects and/or spider mites. 
     Agrochemically active compounds can be applied by various means for controlling harmful organisms. In addition to foliar treatment, it is also possible to treat the cultivation substrate. This may be soil, and also specific substrates based inter alia on peat mosses, coconut fibers, rock wool, such as, for example Grodan®, pumice, expanded clay, such as, for example, Lecaton® or Lecadan®, clay granules, such as, for example, Seramis®, expanded plastic, such as, for example, Baystrat®), vermiculite, perlite, artificial soil, such as, for example, Hygromull®, or combinations of these substrates. Hereinbelow, all these cultivation substrates are referred to as soil. Application of active compounds into or onto the soil both brings harmful organisms living in the soil into contact with the active compound and initiates the uptake of systemically active compounds by the roots. Various auxiliaries for improving the action of agrochemically active compounds in foliar treatment are already known. These include, for example, penetrants which facilitate the penetration of the active compounds into the plant (for example WO 03/000053). Corresponding adjuvants for soil applications of insecticides and fungicides have not yet been described. The effect of soil penetration aids, which accelerate the penetration of irrigation water into dry soils (for example Agri-Prep® CS from Northwest Agricultural Products), are known. 
     It is also known that the surfactants can have an effect on the distribution of permethrin in the soil (Howell, McMullan P. M. (ed.), 1998, Adjuvants for Agrochemicals, Proceedings of the 5th international Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals, Memphis, USA, pp. 247-253). 
     The improvement of herbicidal compositions by optimized formulations has also been described (Chung et al., Pesticide Science, 1993, 38 (2-3), pp. 250-252). 
     Surprisingly, it has now been found that the biological activity of insecticidal and/or acaricidal compositions in soil applications can be improved by adding an adjuvant to these compositions. Here, the adjuvant can either be a component of the concentrated formulation (in-can formulation) or be added during the preparation of the ready-to-use pesticide solution (tank-mix application). The improved activity manifests itself in particular in the control of foliar pests which are controlled by a systemic action of the active compounds. In this manner, the compositions according to the invention allow the active compound application rate to be reduced or improved action to be achieved at the same application rate. In addition, the consumption of water can be minimized. 
     Accordingly, the present invention also provides the use of adjuvants for improving the activity of agrochemical compositions in soil applications, for example by spraying onto the soil, watering, side-dressing, shower-drenching, overhead-drenching, dip application or application in connection with an irrigation system (drip irrigation). 
     We have now found novel suspension concentrates for this use, comprising
         at least one agrochemically active compound, solid at room temperature, from the group of the insecticides and/or acaricides of the formula (II),   at least one adjuvant,       

     In addition to concentrated formulations, the invention also provides dilute ready-to-use compositions. The invention furthermore provides the use of these compositions for controlling foliar pests. 
     Examples of adjuvants according to the invention which may be mentioned are in particular the following substances and compositions:
     (I-1) dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, commercially available, for example, in the product series Geropon®,   (I-2) compositions comprising dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and sodium benzoate, commercially available, for example, in the product series Aerosol®; the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate:sodium benzoate weight ratio is preferably from 5:1 to 6:1,   (I-3) terminally capped alkoxylated fatty alcohols and terminally capped alkoxylated straight-chain alcohols, commercially available, for example, in the product series Plurafac®; preference is given to ethoxylated and/or butoxylated fatty alcohols and terminally capped ethoxylated and/or butoxylated straight-chain alcohols,   (I-4) tributylphenol polyglycol ethers having 10 to 15 EO units (where EO is ethylene oxide), commercially available, for example, in the product series Sapogenat®,   (I-5) polyalkylene oxide-modified polymethylsiloxanes, commercially available, for example, in the product series Silwet®,   (I-6) branched alkanol alkoxylates of the formula CH 3 —(CH 2 ) t —CH 2 —O—(—CH 2 —CH 2 —O—) u —H, in which t represents numbers from 9 to 10.5 and u represents numbers from 6 to 25 (preferably from 8 to 12) and t and u are average values, commercially available, for example, in the product series Lutensol®,   (I-7) betaine   (I-8) polyalkoxylated triglycerides, where the triglyceride is preferably of vegetable origin, commercially available, for example, in the product series Crovol®,   (I-9) alkoxylated fatty amines, commercially available, for example, in the product series Armoblen®,   (I-10) sodium laureth sulfate, commercially available, for example, in the product series Genapol®,   (I-11) PEG-10 coconut alcohol, commercially available, for example, in the product series Genapol®,   (I-12) compositions comprising corn syrup, petroleum oil and nonionic emulsifier, commercially available, for example, in the product series Superb®.   

     The advantageous effect of these adjuvants is given in principle for the insecticides and/or acaricides from the classes of the tetronic acid derivatives. 
     The insecticidally and/or acaricidally utilizable tetronic acid derivatives according to the invention are known from the applications cited at the outset and are defined by the general formula (II) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which
     W represents hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy or cyano,   X represents halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy or cyano,   Y represents hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy or represents in each case optionally substituted phenyl or hetaryl,   Z represents hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cyano, alkoxy or haloalkoxy,   A represents hydrogen, in each case optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted cycloalkyl,   B represents hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxyalkyl, or   A and B together with the carbon atom to which they are attached represent a saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or substituted cycle which optionally contains at least one heteroatom,   G represents hydrogen (a) or one of the groups   

     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which
     E represents a metal ion equivalent or an ammonium ion,   L represents oxygen or sulfur,   M represents oxygen or sulfur,   R 1  represents in each case optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, polyalkoxyalkyl or optionally halogen-, alkyl- or alkoxy-substituted cycloalkyl which may be interrupted by at least one heteroatom, represents in each case optionally substituted phenyl, phenylalkyl, hetaryl, phenoxyalkyl or hetaryloxyalkyl,   R 2  represents in each case optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, polyalkoxyalkyl or represents in each case optionally substituted cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl,   R 3 , R 4  and R 5  independently of one another represent in each case optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylthio, alkenylthio or cycloalkylthio or represent in each case optionally substituted phenyl, benzyl, phenoxy or phenylthio,   R 6  and R 7  independently of one another represent hydrogen, in each case optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted benzyl, or together with the N atom to which they are bonded represent a cycle which is optionally interrupted by oxygen or sulfur.   

     Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (II) in which
     W particularly preferably represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, chlorine, bromine or methoxy,   X particularly preferably represents chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, methoxy, ethoxy or trifluoromethyl,   Y and Z particularly preferably independently of one another represent hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, trifluoromethyl or methoxy,   A particularly preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl,   B particularly preferably represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl,   A, B and the carbon atom to which they are attached particularly preferably represent saturated C 5 -C 6 -cycloalkyl in which optionally one ring member is replaced by oxygen and which is optionally monosubstituted by methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy,   G particularly preferably represents hydrogen (a) or represents one of the groups   

     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             in which 
             M represents oxygen or sulfur, 
           
         
         R 1  particularly preferably represents C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, ethylthiomethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl,
       represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, bromine-, cyano-, nitro-, methyl-, ethyl-, methoxy-, trifluoromethyl- or trifluoromethoxy-substituted phenyl,   represents in each case optionally chlorine- or methyl-substituted pyridyl or thienyl,   
     
         R 2  particularly preferably represents C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2- C 4 -alkenyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl or represents phenyl or benzyl, 
         R 6  and R 7  independently of one another particularly preferably represent methyl, ethyl or together represent a C 5 -alkylene radical in which the C 3 -methylene group is replaced by oxygen. 
       
    
     Very particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (II) in which
     W very particularly preferably represents hydrogen or methyl,   X very particularly preferably represents chlorine, bromine or methyl,   Y and Z very particularly preferably independently of one another represent hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or methyl,   A, B and the carbon atom to which they are attached very particularly preferably represent saturated C 5 -C 6 -cycloalkyl in which optionally one ring member is replaced by oxygen and which is optionally monosubstituted by methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy,   G very particularly preferably represents hydrogen (a) or represents one of the groups   

     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which
     M represents oxygen or sulfur,   R 1  very particularly preferably represents C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, ethylthiomethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or
       represents phenyl which is optionally monosubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano or nitro,   represents in each case optionally chlorine- or methyl-substituted pyridyl or thienyl,   
       R 2  very particularly preferably represents C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, phenyl or benzyl,   R 6  and R 7  independently of one another very particularly preferably represent methyl, ethyl or together represent a C 5 -alkylene radical in which the C 3 -methylene group is replaced by oxygen.   

     Depending on the nature of the substitution, the compounds of the formula (II) may also be present as optical isomers or isomer mixtures of varying compositions. 
     Especially preferred are compounds of the formulae (II-1) spirodiclofen and (II-2) spiromesifen: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In addition to at least one active compound and at least one adjuvant, the compositions according to the invention may furthermore preferably comprise further formulation auxiliaries:
         at least one nonionic surfactant and/or at least one anionic surfactant and   one or more additives from the groups of the antifreeze agents, the antifoams, the preservatives, the antioxidants, the spreading agents, the colorants and/or the thickeners.       

     Examples of further ingredients of the formulations according to the invention which may be mentioned are, in particular, the following substances: 
     Suitable nonionic surfactants are all compounds of this type which are usually employed in agrochemical compositions. Polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymers, polyethylene glycol ethers of straight-chain alcohols, reaction products of fatty acids with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, furthermore polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, mixed polymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, mixed polymers of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone and also copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, furthermore alkyl ethoxylates and alkylaryl ethoxylates which may optionally be phosphated and may optionally be neutralized with bases, polyoxyamine derivatives and nonylphenol ethoxylates may be mentioned as being preferred. 
     Suitable anionic surfactants include all substances of this type that can typically be used in agrochemical compositions. Preference is given to alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of alkylsulfonic acids or alkylarylsulfonic acids. 
     A further preferred group of anionic surfactants and/or dispersants are salts of polystyrenesulfonic acids, salts of polyvinylsulfonic acids, salts of naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products, salts of condensation products of naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid and formaldehyde, and salts of lignosulfonic acid. 
     Suitable antifreeze agents are all substances of this type which are usually employed in agrochemical compositions. Preference is given to urea, glycerol, polyglycerol and polyglycerol derivatives, propanediol and propylene glycol. 
     Suitable antifoams are all substances usually employed for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Preference is given to silicone oils and magnesium stearate. 
     Suitable preservatives are all substances usually employed for this purpose in agrochemical compositions of this type. Examples which may be mentioned are Preventol® (from Bayer AG) and Proxel®. 
     Suitable antioxidants are all substances which are usually employed for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Examples which may be mentioned are: propyl gallate, octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, butylated hydroxyanisole, propyl paraben, sodium benzoate, nordihydroguaiaretic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene. Preference is given to butylated hydroxytoluene (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, BHT). 
     Suitable spreaders are all substances which are usually employed for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Preference is given to polyether- or organo-modified polysiloxanes. 
     Suitable colorants are all substances which are usually employed for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Examples which may be mentioned are titanium dioxide, pigment-grade carbon black, zinc oxide and blue pigments and also permanent red FGR. 
     Suitable thickeners are all substances of this type which are usually employed in agrochemical compositions. Preference is given to silicates (such as, for example, Atagel® 50 from Engelhard) or xanthan gum (such as, for example, Kelzan® S from Kelko). 
     The concentrated formulations according to the invention are prepared by mixing the components with one another in the particular ratios desired. The components may be mixed with one another in any order. Expediently, the solid components are employed in a finely ground state. However, it is also possible to subject the suspension formed after mixing of the components initially to a coarse grinding and then to a fine grinding so that the mean particle size is below 20 μm. Preferred are suspension concentrates in which the solid particles have a mean particle size of from 1 to 10 μm. 
     When carrying out the process according to the invention, the temperatures may be varied within a certain range. In general, the process is carried out at temperatures between 10° C. and 60° C., preferably between 15° C. and 40° C. 
     Suitable for carrying out the process according to the invention are customary mixers and grinders employed for producing agrochemical formulations. 
     The compositions according to the invention are formulations which are stable even after prolonged storage at elevated temperatures or in the cold, since no crystal growth is observed. By dilution with water, they can be converted into homogeneous spray liquors. 
     The application rate of the compositions according to the invention can be varied within a relatively wide range. It depends on the agrochemically active compounds in question and their content in the compositions. 
     Compositions according to the invention comprise
         at least one tetronic acid derivative of the formula (II) and   at least one adjuvant.       

     In a particularly preferred embodiment, compositions according to the invention comprise:
         at least one active compound of the general formula (II) and   at least one substance or composition selected from the group consisting of (I-1) to (I-12)       

     In a very particularly preferred embodiment, compositions according to the invention comprise:
         at least one active compound selected from tetronic acid derivatives of the formulae (II-1) and (II-2) and   at least one substance or composition selected from the group consisting of (I-1) to (I-12)       

     The compositions according to the invention comprise—if they are concentrated formulations
         generally from 1 to 60% by weight of one or more agrochemically active compounds of the formula (II) which may be used according to the invention, preferably from 5 to 50% by weight and particularly preferably from 10 to 30% by weight,   generally from 1 to 50% by weight of at least one adjuvant according to the invention, preferably from 2 to 30% by weight and particularly preferably from 5 to 20% by weight,   generally from 1 to 20% by weight of nonionic surfactants and/or anionic surfactants, preferably from 2.5 to 10% by weight,   generally from 1 to 20% by weight of antifreeze agent, preferably from 5 to 15% by weight,   generally from 0.1 to 20% by weight of additives, preferably from 0.1 to 15% by weight.       

     The compositions according to the invention comprise—if they are ready-to-use formulations (solutions for watering) —generally from 0.05 to 10 g/l of adjuvant, preferably from 0.1 to 8 g/l and particularly preferably from 0.1 to 5 g/l. 
     Very particularly preferred concentrated formulations for soil applications comprise
         from 1 to 60% by weight of at least one active compound of the general formula (II),   from 1 to 50% by weight of at least one substance or composition selected from the group consisting of (I-1) to (I-12),   from 1 to 20% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant and/or anionic surfactant,   from 1 to 20% by weight of antifreeze agent and   from 0.1 to 20% by weight of additives from the groups of the antifoams, the preservatives, the antioxidants, the spreading agents, the colorants and/or the thickeners.       

     Especially preferred concentrated formulations for soil applications comprise
         from 1 to 60% by weight of at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of (II-1) and (II-2),   from 1 to 50% by weight of at least one substance or composition selected from the group consisting of (I-1) to (I-12),   from 1 to 20% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant and/or anionic surfactant,   from 1 to 20% by weight of antifreeze agent,   from 0.1 to 20% by weight of additives from the groups of the antifoams, the preservatives, the antioxidants, the spreading agents, the colorants and/or the thickeners.       

     In general, preference is given to certain combinations of active compounds and adjuvants listed in the table below, where each combination listed is preferred per se: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Active 
                   
               
               
                 # 
                 compound 
                 Adjuvant 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 (II-1) 
                 Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate 
               
               
                 2 
                 (II-1) 
                 Compositions comprising dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and sodium benzoate 
               
               
                 3 
                 (II-1) 
                 Terminally capped alkoxylated fatty alcohols and terminally capped 
               
               
                   
                   
                 alkoxylated straight-chain alcohols 
               
               
                 4 
                 (II-1) 
                 Tributylphenol polyglycol ethers having 10 to 15 EO units 
               
               
                 5 
                 (II-1) 
                 Polyalkylene oxide-modified polymethylsiloxanes 
               
               
                 6 
                 (II-1) 
                 Branched alkanol alkoxylates of the formula 
               
               
                   
                   
                 CH 3 —(CH 2 ) t —CH 2 —O—(—CH 2 —CH 2 —O—) u —H, in which t represents numbers from 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9 to 10.5 and u represents numbers from 6 to 25 
               
               
                 7 
                 (II-1) 
                 Betaine 
               
               
                 8 
                 (II-1) 
                 Polyalkoxylated triglycerides 
               
               
                 9 
                 (II-1) 
                 Alkoxylated fatty amines 
               
               
                 10 
                 (II-1) 
                 Sodium laureth sulfate 
               
               
                 11 
                 (II-1) 
                 PEG-10 coconut alcohol 
               
               
                 12 
                 (II-1) 
                 Compositions comprising corn syrup, petroleum oil and nonionic emulsifier 
               
               
                 13 
                 (II-2) 
                 Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate 
               
               
                 14 
                 (II-2) 
                 Compositions comprising dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and sodium benzoate 
               
               
                 15 
                 (II-2) 
                 Terminally capped alkoxylated fatty alcohols and terminally capped 
               
               
                   
                   
                 alkoxylated straight-chain alcohols 
               
               
                 16 
                 (II-2) 
                 Tributylphenol polyglycol ethers having 10 to 15 EO units 
               
               
                 17 
                 (II-2) 
                 Polyalkylene oxide-modified polymethylsiloxanes 
               
               
                 18 
                 (II-2) 
                 Branched alkanol alkoxylates of the formula 
               
               
                   
                   
                 CH 3 —(CH 2 ) t —CH 2 —O—(—CH 2 —CH 2 —O—) u —H, in which t represents numbers from 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9 to 10.5 and u represents numbers from 6 to 25 
               
               
                 19 
                 (II-2) 
                 Betaine 
               
               
                 20 
                 (II-2) 
                 Polyalkoxylated triglycerides 
               
               
                 21 
                 (II-2) 
                 Alkoxylated fatty amines 
               
               
                 22 
                 (II-2) 
                 Sodium laureth sulfate 
               
               
                 23 
                 (II-2) 
                 PEG-10 coconut alcohol 
               
               
                 24 
                 (II-2) 
                 Compositions comprising corn syrup, petroleum oil and nonionic emulsifier 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Very particular preference is also given to ready-to-use compositions for soil applications which are obtained by diluting the concentrated solutions mentioned above. 
     The crops to be protected which have only been described in general terms will be described in greater detail and specified hereinbelow. Thus, as regards the use, vegetables are understood as meaning for example fruiting vegetables and inflorescences as vegetables, for example bell peppers, chilies, tomatoes, aubergines, cucumbers, pumpkins, courgettes, broad beans, runner beans, dwarf beans, peas, artichokes, corn; 
     but also leafy vegetables, for example head-forming lettuce, chicory, endives, various types of cress, of rocket, lamb&#39;s lettuce, iceberg lettuce, leeks, spinach, Swiss chard; 
     furthermore tuber vegetables, root vegetables and stem vegetables, for example celeriac/celery, beetroot, carrots, radish, horseradish, scorzonera, asparagus, beet for human consumption, palm hearts, bamboo shoots, furthermore bulb vegetables, for example onions, leeks, fennel, garlic; 
     furthermore  Brassica  vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, red cabbage, white cabbage, curly kale, Savoy cabbage, Brussel sprouts, Chinese cabbage. 
     Regarding the use, perennial crops are understood as meaning citrus, such as, for example, oranges, grapefruits, tangerines, lemons, limes, Seville oranges, kumquats, satsumas; 
     but also pome fruit such as, for example, apples, pears and quinces, and stone fruit, such as, for example, peaches, nectarines, cherries, plums, quetsch, apricots; 
     furthermore grapevines, hops, olives, tea and tropical crops such as, for example, mangoes, papayas, figs, pineapples, dates, bananas, durians, kaki fruit, coconuts, cacao, coffee, avocados, lychees, maracujas, guavas, 
     moreover almonds and nuts such as, for example, hazelnuts, walnuts, pistachios, cashew nuts, para nuts, pecan nuts, butternuts, chestnuts, hickory nuts,  macadamia  nuts, peanuts, 
     moreover also soft fruit such as, for example, redcurrants, gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, strawberries, cranberries, including American cranberries, kiwi fruit. 
     As regards the use, ornamentals are understood as meaning annual and perennial plants, for example cut flowers such as, for example, roses, carnations, gerbera, lilies, marguerites, chrysanthemums, tulips, narcissi, anemones, poppies, amaryllis, dahlias, azaleas, hibiscus, 
     but also for example bedding plants, pot plants and perennials such as, for example, roses, Tagetes, violas, geraniums, fuchsias, hibiscus, chrysanthemums, busy lizzies, cyclamen, African violet, sunflowers, begonias, 
     furthermore for example bushes and conifers such as, for example,  ficus , rhododendron, firs, spruces, pines, including umbrella pines, yews, juniper, oleander. 
     As regards the use, spices are understood as meaning annual and perennial plants such as, for example, aniseed, chili pepper, paprika, pepper, vanilla, marjoram, thyme, cloves, juniper berries, cinnamon, tarragon, coriander, saffron, ginger. 
     The insecticidal compositions according to the invention, in combination with good plant tolerance and favorable toxicity to warm-blooded animals and good environmental tolerance, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs, for increasing the harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material and for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids, helminths, nematodes and molluscs, which are encountered in agriculture, in horticulture, in forests and in gardens and leisure facilities. They may be preferably employed as plant protection agents. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development. The abovementioned pests include: 
     From the order of the Anoplura (Phthiraptera), for example,  Damalinia  spp.,  Haematopinus  spp.,  Linognathus  spp.,  Pediculus  spp.,  Trichodectes  spp. 
     From the class of the Arachnida, for example,  Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops  spp.,  Aculus  spp.,  Amblyomma  spp.,  Argas  spp.,  Boophilus  spp.,  Brevipalpus  spp.,  Bryobia praetiosa, Chorioptes  spp.,  Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus  spp.,  Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus  spp.,  Eriophyes  spp.,  Hemitarsonemus  spp.,  Hyalomma  spp.,  Ixodes  spp.,  Latrodectus mactans, Metatetranychus  spp.,  Oligonychus  spp.,  Ornithodoros  spp.,  Panonychus  spp.,  Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes  spp.,  Rhipicephalus  spp.,  Rhizoglyphus  spp.,  Sarcoptes  spp.,  Scorpio maurus, Stenotarsonemus  spp.,  Tarsonemus  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp.,  Vasates lycopersici.    
     From the class of the Bivalva, for example,  Dreissena  spp. 
     From the order of the Chilopoda, for example,  Geophilus  spp.,  Scutigera  spp. 
     From the order of the Coleoptera, for example,  Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adoretus  spp.,  Agelastica alni, Agriotes  spp.,  Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora  spp.,  Anthonomus  spp.,  Anthrenus  spp.,  Apogonia  spp.,  Atomaria  spp.,  Attagenus  spp.,  Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus  spp.,  Ceuthorhynchus  spp.,  Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus  spp.,  Cosmopolites  spp.,  Costelytra zealandica, Curculio  spp.,  Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Dermestes  spp.,  Diabrotica  spp.,  Epilachna  spp.,  Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus  spp.,  Lachnosterna consanguinea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus  spp.,  Lyctus  spp.,  Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus  spp.,  Monochamus  spp.,  Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga  spp.,  Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes  spp.,  Psylliodes chrysocephala, Ptinus  spp.,  Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus  spp.,  Sphenophorus  spp.,  Stemechus  spp.,  Symphyletes  spp.,  Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium  spp.,  Trogo - derma  spp.,  Tychius  spp.,  Xylotrechus  spp.,  Zabrus  spp. 
     From the order of the Collembola, for example,  Onychiurus armatus.    
     From the order of the Dermaptera, for example,  Forficula auricularia.    
     From the order of the Diplopoda, for example,  Blaniulus guttulatus.    
     From the order of the Diptera, for example,  Aedes  spp.,  Anopheles  spp.,  Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia  spp.,  Cochliomyia  spp.,  Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex  spp.,  Cuterebra  spp.,  Dacus oleae, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila  spp.,  Fannia  spp.,  Gastrophilus  spp.,  Hylemyia  spp.,  Hyppobosca  spp.,  Hypoderma  spp.,  Liriomyza  spp.  Lucilia  spp.,  Musca  spp.,  Nezara  spp.,  Oestrus  spp.,  Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia  spp.,  Stomoxys  spp.,  Tabanus  spp.,  Tannia  spp.,  Tipula paludosa, Wohlfahrtia  spp. 
     From the class of the Gastropoda, for example,  Anion  spp.,  Biomphalaria  spp.,  Bulinus  spp.,  Deroceras  spp.,  Galba  spp.,  Lymnaea  spp.,  Oncomelania  spp.,  Succinea  spp. 
     From the class of the helminths, for example,  Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma  spp.,  Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris  spp.,  Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum  spp.,  Chabertia  spp.,  Clonorchis  spp.,  Cooperia  spp.,  Dicrocoelium  spp,  Dictyocaulus filaria, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius veimicularis, Faciola  spp.,  Haemonchus  spp.,  Heterakis  spp.,  Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus  spp.,  Loa Loa, Nematodirus  spp.,  Oesophagostomum  spp.,  Opisthorchis  spp.,  Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia  spp.,  Paragonimus  spp.,  Schistosomen  spp.,  Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides  spp.,  Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus  spp.,  Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti.    
     It is furthermore possible to control Protozoa, such as  Eimeria.    
     From the order of the Heteroptera, for example,  Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis  spp.,  Blissus  spp.,  Calocoris  spp.,  Campylomma livida, Cavelerius  spp.,  Cimex  spp.,  Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus  spp.,  Euschistus  spp.,  Eurygaster  spp.,  Heliopeltis  spp.,  Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa  spp.,  Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus  spp.,  Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Nezara  spp.,  Oebalus  spp.,  Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus  spp.,  Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius  spp.,  Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophora  spp.,  Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca  spp.,  Triatoma  spp. 
     From the order of the Homoptera, for example,  Acyrthosipon  spp.,  Aeneolamia  spp.,  Agonoscena  spp.,  Aleurodes  spp.,  Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus  spp.,  Amrasca  spp.,  Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella  spp.,  Aphanostigma pini, Aphis  spp.,  Arboridia apicalis, Aspidiella  spp.,  Aspidiotus  spp.,  Atanus  spp.,  Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia  spp.,  Brachycaudus helichrysii, Brachycolus  spp.,  Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona marginata, Carneocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes  spp.,  Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus  spp.,  Cryptomyzus ribis, Dalbulus  spp.,  Dialeurodes  spp.,  Diaphorina  spp.,  Diaspis  spp.,  Doralis  spp.,  Drosicha  spp.,  Dysaphis  spp.,  Dysmicoccus  spp.,  Empoasca  spp.,  Eriosoma  spp.,  Erythroneura  spp.,  Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus coffeae, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya  spp.,  Idiocerus  spp.,  Idioscopus  spp.,  Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium  spp.,  Lepidosaphes  spp.,  Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum  spp.,  Mahanarva fimbriolata, Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella  spp.,  Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus  spp.,  Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix  spp.,  Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia  spp.,  Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza  spp.,  Parlatoria  spp.,  Pemphigus  spp.,  Peregrinus maidis, Phenacoccus  spp.,  Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera  spp.,  Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus  spp.,  Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus  spp.,  Psylla  spp.,  Pteromalus  spp.,  Pyrilla  spp.,  Quadraspidiotus  spp.,  Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus  spp.,  Rhopalosiphum  spp.,  Saissetia  spp.,  Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata  spp.,  Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes  spp.,  Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis  spp.,  Toxoptera  spp.,  Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza  spp.,  Typhlocyba  spp.,  Unaspis  spp.,  Viteus vitifolii.    
     From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example,  Diprion  spp.,  Hoplocampa  spp.,  Lasius  spp.,  Monomorium pharaonis  and  Vespa  spp. 
     From the order of the Isopoda, for example,  Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus  and  Porcellio scaber.    
     From the order of the Isoptera, for example,  Reticulitermes  spp. and  Odontotermes  spp. 
     From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example,  Acronicta major, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis  spp.,  Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia  spp.,  Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Chematobia brumata, Chilo  spp.,  Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus  spp.,  Earias insulana, Ephestia kuehniella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa  spp.,  Feltia  spp.,  Galleria mellonella, Helicoverpa  spp.,  Heliothis  spp.,  Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homona magnanima, Hyponomeuta padella, Laphygma  spp.,  Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria  spp.,  Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata, Oria  spp.,  Oulema oryzae, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris  spp.,  Plutella xylostella, Prodenia  spp.,  Pseudaletia  spp.,  Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Spodoptera  spp.,  Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia  spp. 
     From the order of the Orthoptera, for example,  Acheta domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa  spp.,  Leucophaea maderae, Locusta  spp.,  Melanoplus  spp.,  Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca gregaria.    
     From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example,  Ceratophyllus  spp. and  Xenopsylla cheopis.    
     From the order of the Symphyla, for example,  Scutigerella immaculata.    
     From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example,  Baliothrips biformis, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella  spp.,  Heliothrips  spp.,  Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips  spp.,  Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips  spp.,  Taeniothrips cardamoni, Thrips  spp. 
     From the order of the Thysanura, for example,  Lepisma saccharina.    
     The phytoparasitic nematodes include, for example,  Anguina  spp.,  Aphelenchoides  spp.,  Belonoaimus  spp.,  Bursaphelenchus  spp.,  Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera  spp.,  Heliocotylenchus  spp.,  Heterodera  spp.,  Longidorus  spp.,  Meloidogyne  spp.,  Pratylenchus  spp.,  Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus  spp.,  Trichodorus  spp.,  Tylenchorhynchus  spp.,  Tylenchulus  spp.,  Tylenchulus semipenetrans  and  Xiphinema  spp. 
     Insecticidal compositions according to the invention may, in addition to at least one of the active compounds mentioned above, also comprise other active compounds, such as further systemic insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, systemic acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth-regulating substances, herbicides, safeners, fertilizers or semiochemicals. 
     The compositions according to the invention may furthermore comprise synergists. Synergistic agents are compounds which increase the action of the active compounds, without it being necessary for the synergistic agent added to be active itself. 
     The compositions according to the invention may furthermore comprise inhibitors which reduce degradation of the active compound after application. 
     The compounds are employed in a customary manner appropriate for the formulation. The treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the compositions takes place by soil treatment, for example in the form of one of the variants mentioned at the outset. 
     As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all plants according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, wild plant species and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, are treated. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), are treated. 
     Particularly preferably, plants of the plant cultivars which are in each case commercially available or in use are treated according to the invention. Plant cultivars are to be understood as meaning plants having new properties (“traits”) and which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, bio- or genotypes. 
     Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive (“synergistic”) effects. Thus possible are, for example, reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase of the activity of the compositions according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or higher nutrient value of the harvested products, increased storability and/or processibility of the harvested products, which exceed the effects normally to be expected. 
     The transgenic plants or plant cultivars (i.e. those obtained by genetical engineering) which are preferably treated according to the invention include all plants which, in the genetic modification, received genetic material which imparted particularly advantageous useful properties (“traits”) to these plants. Examples of such properties are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, better quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storability and/or processability of the harvested products. Further and particularly emphasized examples of such properties are a better defence of the plants against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and/or viruses, and also increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds. Examples of transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice), corn, soybeans, potatoes, sugar beet, tomatoes, peas and other types of vegetable, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), in particular emphasis is given to corn, soybeans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape. Traits that are emphasized are in particular increased defence of the plants against insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails by toxins formed in the plants, in particular those formed in the plants by the genetic material from  Bacillus thuringiensis  (for example by the genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CrylIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF and also combinations thereof) (hereinbelow referred to as “Bt plants”). Traits that are also particularly emphasized are the increased defence of the plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Traits that are furthermore particularly emphasized are the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (for example the “PAT” gene). The genes which impart the desired traits in question can also be present in combination with one another in the transgenic plants. Examples of “Bt plants” which may be mentioned are corn varieties, cotton varieties, soybean varieties and potato varieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD® (for example corn, cotton, soybeans), KnockOut® (for example corn), StarLink® (for example corn), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucotn® (cotton) and NewLeaf® (potato). Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants which may be mentioned are corn varieties, cotton varieties and soybean varieties which are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance against glyphosate, for example corn, cotton, soybeans), Liberty Link® (tolerance against phosphinotricin, for example oilseed rape), IMI® (tolerance against imidazolinones) and STS® (tolerance against sulfonylurea, for example corn). Herbicide-resistant plants (plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide tolerance) which may be mentioned include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield® (for example corn). Of course, these statements also apply to plant cultivars having these genetic traits or genetic traits still to be developed, which plants will be developed and/or marketed in the future. 
     The plants listed can be treated according to the invention in a particularly advantageous manner with the compositions according to the invention. The preferred ranges stated above also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particular emphasis is given to the treatment of plants with the compositions specifically mentioned in the present text. 
     The compositions are also suitable for controlling animal pests in the domestic field, in hygiene and in the protection of stored products, in particular insects, arachnids and mites, which are found in enclosed spaces such as, for example, dwellings, factory halls, offices, vehicle cabins and the like. They can be employed alone or in combination with other active compounds and auxiliaries in domestic insecticide products for controlling these pests. They are active against sensitive and resistant species and against all developmental stages. These pests include: 
     From the order of the Scorpionidea, for example,  Buthus occitanus.    
     From the order of the Acarina, for example,  Argas persicus, Argas reflexus, Bryobia  spp.,  Dermanyssus gallinae, Glyciphagus domesticus, Ornithodorus moubat, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Trombicula alfreddugesi, Neutrombicula autumnalis, Dermatophagoides pteronissimus, Dermatophagoides forinae.    
     From the order of the Araneae, for example,  Aviculariidae, Araneidae.    
     From the order of the Opiliones, for example,  Pseudoscorpiones chelifer, Pseudoscorpiones cheiridium, Opiliones phalangium.    
     From the order of the Isopoda, for example,  Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.    
     From the order of the Diplopoda, for example,  Blaniulus guttulatus, Polydesmus  spp. 
     From the order of the Chilopoda, for example,  Geophilus  spp. 
     From the order of the Zygentoma, for example,  Ctenolepisma  spp.,  Lepisma saccharina, Lepismodes inquilinus.    
     From the order of the Blattaria, for example,  Blatta orientalies, Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinai, Leucophaea maderae, Panchlora  spp.,  Parcoblatta  spp.,  Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Supella longipalpa.    
     From the order of the Saltatoria, for example,  Acheta domesticus.    
     From the order of the Deimaptera, for example,  Forficula auricularia.    
     From the order of the Isoptera, for example,  Kalotermes  spp.,  Reticulitermes  spp. 
     From the order of the Psocoptera, for example,  Lepinatus  spp.,  Liposcelis  spp. 
     From the order of the Coleoptera, for example,  Anthrenus  spp.,  Attagenus  spp.,  Dermestes  spp.,  Latheticus oryzae, Necrobia  spp.,  Ptinus  spp.,  Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum.    
     From the order of the Diptera, for example,  Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles  spp.,  Calliphora erythrocephala, Chrysozona pluvialis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, Drosophila  spp.,  Fannia canicularis, Musca domestica, Phlebotomus  spp.,  Sarcophaga carnaria, Simulium  spp.,  Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula paludosa.    
     From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example,  Achroia grisella, Galleria mellonella, Plodia interpunctella, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella.    
     From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example,  Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis.    
     From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example,  Camponotus herculeanus, Lasius fuliginosus, Lasius niger, Lasius umbratus, Monomorium pharaonis, Paravespula  spp.,  Tetramorium caespitum.    
     From the order of the Anoplura, for example,  Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Pemphigus  spp.,  Phylloera vastatrix, Phthirus pubis.    
     From the order of the Heteroptera, for example,  Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Rhodinus prolixus, Triatoma infestans.    
     In the field of household insecticides, they are used alone or in combination with other suitable active compounds, such as phosphoric acid esters, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, growth regulators or active compounds from other known classes of insecticides. 
     The examples below illustrate the invention, without limiting it in any way. 
    
    
     PREPARATION EXAMPLES 
     To produce a suspension concentrate, initially all liquid components are mixed with one another. In the next step, the solids are added and the mixture is stirred until a homogenous suspension is formed. The homogeneous suspension is subjected first to coarse grinding and then to fine grinding, giving a suspension in which 90% of all solid particles have a particle size of less than 10 μm. Kelzan S and water are than added with stirring at room temperature. A homogeneous suspension concentrate is obtained. Contents are stated in % by weight. 
     Example 1 
       Tetranychus urticae  Test 
     Soil Application in Rock Wool 
     To produce a suitable solution, the product is mixed with water and diluted with water to the desired concentration. The desired amount of additive is added to the mixtures. Eggplants ( Solanum melongena ) are cultivated in rock wool. At the 4-leaf stage, the product solution in question is applied to the rock wool. The stated concentration refers to the amount of active compound per plant. 
     At the desired point in time, the plants are infested with a mixed population of the greenhouse red spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae ). 
     After the desired period of time, the effect in % is determined. 100% means that all spider mites have been killed; 0% means that none of the spider mites have been killed. 
     In this test, the following mixtures provided with additive are advantageous compared to the products without additive: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Time at which the 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Days between 
                 mortality is 
               
               
                   
                 Concentration 
                 application and 
                 determined/days 
               
               
                 Active compound 
                 (mg of ai/plant 
                 infestation 
                 after infestation 
                 Mortality 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 spiromesifen (II-2) 
                 10 
                 −1 
                 7 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                   
                 −1 
                 14 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                   
                 14 
                 14 
                 20 
               
               
                 +0.4% Superb HC 
                   
                 −1 
                 7 
                 80 
               
               
                 +0.4% Plurafac LF 132 
                   
                 −1 
                 14 
                 90 
               
               
                 +0.4% Crovol CR 70 G 
                   
                 14 
                 14 
                 80 
               
               
                 spirodiclofen (II-1) 
                 20 
                 14 
                 21 
                 0 
               
               
                 +0.4% Plurafac LF 132 
                   
                 14 
                 21 
                 26.3 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 2 
       Bemisia tabaci  Test on Tomatoes 
     Drench Application in Rock Wool 
     To produce a suitable solution, the product is mixed with water and diluted with water to the desired concentration. The desired amount of additive is added to the mixtures. 
     Tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum ) are cultivated in rock wool and infested with whiteflies ( Bemisia tabaci ). At the 2-leaf stage, the product solution in question is applied to the rock wool. The stated concentration refers to the amount of active compound per plant. 
     After the desired period of time, the effect in % is determined. 100% means that all the whiteflies have been killed; 0% means that none of the whiteflies have been killed. 
     In this test, the following mixtures provided with additive are advantageous compared to the products without additive: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Time at 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Days 
                 which the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 between 
                 mortality is 
               
               
                   
                 Concentration 
                 application 
                 determined/ 
               
               
                 Active 
                 (mg of 
                 and 
                 days 
               
               
                 compound 
                 ai/plant 
                 infestation 
                 after infestation 
                 Mortality 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 spiromesifen 
                 5 
                 −11 
                 25 
                 80 
               
               
                 (II-2) 
               
               
                 +0.4% 
                   
                 −11 
                 25 
                 99.5 
               
               
                 Superb HC 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 3 
       Bemisia tabaci  Test on Cucumbers 
     Drench Application in Rock Wool 
     To produce a suitable solution, the product is mixed with water and diluted with water to the desired concentration. The desired amount of additive is added to the mixtures. 
     Cucumbers ( Cucumis sativa ) are cultivated in rock wool and infested with whiteflies ( Bemisia tabaci ). At the 2-leaf stage, the product solution in question is applied to the rock wool. The stated concentration refers to the amount of active compound per plant. 
     After the desired period of time, the effect in % is determined. 100% means that all the whiteflies have been killed; 0% means that none of the whiteflies have been killed. 
     In this test, the following mixtures provided with additive are advantageous compared to the products without additive: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Time at which the 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Concentration 
                 Days between 
                 mortality is 
               
               
                   
                 (mg of 
                 application and 
                 determined/days after 
               
               
                 Active compound 
                 ai/plant 
                 infestation 
                 infestation 
                 Mortality 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 spiromesifen (II-2) 
                 20 
                 −11 
                 18 
                 0 
               
               
                 +0.4% Superb HC 
                   
                 −11 
                 18 
                 95 
               
               
                 +0.4% Crovol CR 70 G 
                   
                 −11 
                 18 
                 20