Patent Publication Number: US-2019183116-A1

Title: Coated seed and methods for reducing seed dust

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/391,972, filed Oct. 10, 2014, which is a national phase entry of PCT/US2013/031888, filed Mar. 15, 2013, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/619,691, filed on Apr. 19, 2012, the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     Methods for reducing dust emission by treating or coating a seed with a lubricant composition are described. The disclosure also provides for methods of planter dust released during seed planting by applying a lubricant composition to a seed. Methods for increasing seed lubricity by coating a seed with a lubricant composition are also described. Compositions and seeds useful in these methods are also described. 
     BACKGROUND 
     It is believed that vacuum planters release a certain amount of dust during the planting of seeds. It is also believed that the amount of seed dust released during seed planting depends on a variety of factors, such as the technique or mechanism employed during seed planting. Other factors contributing to seed dust associated with planting include the type of seed coating used during planting. It is believed that while traditional planter lubricants, such as talc and graphite, provide lubrication to help seed flow through the planter mechanism, such traditional planter lubricants may not possess a high enough level of lubricity to prevent some level of seed attrition that may result in the loss of small amounts of insecticide from the seed surface. As such, there is a need to find an alternative to traditional planter lubricants that are capable of limiting insecticidal dust emissions during seed planting. To this end, the disclosed compositions and methods have the ability to reduce or control seed and planter dust in a manner that was not previously recognized. 
     SUMMARY 
     In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of reducing dust emission by applying a lubricant composition to a seed. In another aspect, the dust emission is reduced relative to a seed coating comprising talc or graphite. In yet another aspect, the pollinating insect is a bee and the dust emission is released from a mechanical seed planter. 
     In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of treating a seed by coating a seed with a lubricant composition, wherein the lubricant composition reduces the emission of insecticidal, pesticidal, fungicidal, or herbicidal dust. In another aspect, the lubricant composition reduces the emission of clothianidin dust. 
     In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a coated seed comprising an active insecticidal, fungicidal, pesticidal, or herbicidal treating agent and a lubricant composition. In another aspect, the lubricant composition is an organic lubricant composition coating. In an aspect, the lubricant composition is a wax composition. In yet another aspect, the lubricant composition is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene wax, carnuba wax, paraffin wax, polypropylene wax, and oxidized polyethylene wax. In another aspect, the seed is a corn seed. In yet another aspect, the lubricant composition is applied to a seed at about 1.0-3.0 oz/cwt or about 0.5-4.0 oz/cwt. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  sets forth the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with a PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and talc treatment as compared to a treatment of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed as measured by a John Deere Vacuum Meter. 
         FIG. 2  sets forth corn dust levels for seeds treated with a PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and talc treatment as compared to a treatment of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and oxidized polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed as measured by a John Deere Vacuum Meter. 
         FIG. 3  sets forth the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with a PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and talc treatment as compared to a treatment of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and oxidized polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed as measured by a John Deere Vacuum Meter. 
         FIG. 4  sets forth measures corn dust levels for seeds treated with a PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and talc treatment as compared to a treatment of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed as measured by a John Deere Vacuum Meter. 
         FIG. 5  sets forth the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with a PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and graphite treatment as compared to a treatment of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and an oxidized polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed as measured by a Case IH Vacuum Meter. 
         FIG. 6  sets forth measures corn dust levels for seeds treated with a PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and graphite treatment as compared to a treatment of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed as measured by a Case IH Vacuum Meter. 
         FIG. 7  sets forth the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with a PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and graphite treatment as compared to a treatment of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and an oxidized polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed as measured by a Case IH Vacuum Meter. 
         FIG. 8  sets forth measures corn dust levels for seeds treated with a PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and talc treatment as compared to a treatment of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and an oxidized polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed as measured by a Case IH Vacuum Meter. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The disclosure provides for a method of reducing dust emission, pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal and/or fungicidal dust. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of reducing dust emission, pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal and/or fungicidal dust by coating a seed with a composition described herein, for example a lubricant composition. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of reducing dust emission, pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust, or fungicidal dust by:
         (1) applying a treating agent to a seed; and   (2) applying a lubricant composition to the treated seed such that the lubricant composition reduces dust emission, pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal and/or fungicidal dust.       

     In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of coating a seed with a treating agent and a lubricant composition described herein, for example a wax composition, wherein the coated seed emits a reduced amount of dust, pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust, or dust. 
     The disclosure also provides for a method of reducing vacuum planter dust released during planting. In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of reducing insect exposure to vacuum planter dust released during planting. In another aspect, the vacuum planter dust is an insecticidal, pesticidal, or fungicidal dust. 
     In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of improving seed flow by applying or treating seed with a composition described herein. In another aspect, a composition described herein is applied to wet seed. The disclosure also provides for a method of increasing seed lubricity by coating a seed with a composition described herein. In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of lowering lubricity at lower use rates than those afforded by the coating of a seed with talc or graphite. The disclosure also provides for a method increasing the level of lubricity in an amount that is sufficient to reduce seed attrition that may result in the loss of small amounts of insecticide from the seed surface. 
     The disclosure also provides for a method of adding a treating agent and a wax to a seed. In another aspect, a wax composition is added to a pre-treated seed prior to the pre-treated seed being placed in soil. In another aspect, a seed is pre-treated by both a treating agent and a wax composition described herein prior to planting. In yet another aspect, a composition described herein can be applied to seed in a planter or hopper either manually or with a mechanized system, such as a mechanized metering system. In an aspect, the powder form of a wax is added to seed in a planter. 
     In an aspect, a treating agent is added to a seed prior to placing seed into a bag or container for shipping to a planting site. In another aspect, after the seed arrives at the planting site, a lubricant composition described herein is added to the seed. In yet another aspect, a lubricant composition described herein is added to pre-treated seed (seed previously treated with a treating agent) in a planter mechanism or hopper of the planting mechanism. In another aspect, a treating agent and a lubricant composition are added to a seed prior to the seed being loaded on a planter or hopper for planting. In yet another aspect, a treating agent and a first lubricant composition are added to seed prior to the seed being loaded on a planter or hopper for planting and a second lubricant composition are added to seed in the planter or hopper. 
     In an aspect, the dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal dust, pesticidal dust, or fungicidal dust emission is reduced relative to traditional lubricants, such as talc or graphite. In yet another aspect, a lubricant composition described herein, for example a wax composition, reduces the dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal dust, pesticidal dust, or fungicidal dust emission from the planter mechanism, such as an air or vacuum planter. In an aspect, the planter mechanism is a John Deere, Case IH, Kinze, AGCO White, Great Plains, or Precision Planting vacuum planter. 
     The disclosure also provides for a method of reducing active agent dust, pesticide, herbicidal, fungicide, or insecticide dust exposure to an insect by applying a composition described herein to a seed. In an aspect, the insect can be a pollinating insect. In another aspect, the insect can be an insect capable of being negatively influenced by the presence of a pesticide, fungicide, herbicidal, or insecticide dust. In yet another aspect, the insect is a bee. In another aspect, the bee is a Western honey bee, European honey bee ( Apis mellifera ), or Africanized honey bee. 
     In an aspect, a composition capable of being used with the methods described herein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a lubricant composition. In another aspect, a composition capable of being used with the methods described herein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a wax, polyethylene wax, powdered polyethylene wax, or MICHEM® WAX 437 (Michelman). 
     In an aspect, a composition described herein can include one or more lubricant compositions. In another aspect, a lubricant composition is an organic lubricants. In another aspect, the lubricant composition is a wax, for example, polyethylene, powdered polyethylene, carnuba, paraffin, polypropylene, an oxidized polyethylene wax, montan waxes, microcrystalline waxes, Fischer-Tropsch waxes, amide waxes, Ethylene-Acrylic-Acid (EAA) waxes, polyolefin waxes, Ethylene bis stearamide (EBS) waxes, animal waxes (bees wax &amp; lanolin), vegetable waxes (carnauba &amp; candelilla), or slac and scale waxes. In another aspect, a lubricant composition is TEFLON™ (polytetrafluoroethylene). 
     In an aspect, a composition capable of being used with the methods described herein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a treatment agent and a lubricant composition, for example, a wax. In another aspect, a composition capable of being used with the methods described herein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a treatment agent together with a polyethylene wax or powdered polyethylene wax. In an aspect, the wax is used as a planter lubricant. 
     In an aspect, a treatment agent is a compound or composition exhibiting insecticidal, pesticidal, or fungicidal properties. In another aspect, a treatment agent is a compound or composition with neonicotinoid properties. In an aspect, a treating agent is selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, abamectin, NIPSIT INSIDE® (Valent), PLATINUM® (Syngenta), ADMIRE® PRO (Bayer CropScience), CRUISER® (Syngenta), GAUCHO® (Bayer CropScience), LEVERAGE® (Bayer CropScience), ACTARA® (Syngenta), VENOM® (Valent), PROVADO® (Bayer CropScience), ALIAS® (Mana), PASADA® (Mana), COURAZE® (Cheminova), ASSAIL® (DuPont), PONCHO®/VOTIVO® (Bayer CropScience), PONCHO® BETA (Bayer CropScience), and/or PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® (Pioneer). In an aspect, the treatment agent is applied to a seed and the seed is subsequently coated with a lubricant compound. 
     In an aspect, insecticidal dust, pesticidal dust, or fungicidal dust is dust from one or more of the following actives: acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, abamectin, NIPSIT INSIDE® (Valent), PLATINUM® (Syngenta), ADMIRE® PRO (Bayer CropScience), CRUISER® (Syngenta), GAUCHO® (Bayer CropScience), LEVERAGE® (Bayer CropScience), ACTARA® (Syngenta), VENOM® (Valent), PROVADO® (Bayer CropScience), ALIAS® (Mana), PASADA® (Mana), COURAZE® (Cheminova), ASSAIL® (DuPont), PONCHO®/VOTIVO® (Bayer CropScience), PONCHO® BETA (Bayer CropScience), and/or PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® (Pioneer). In an aspect, the treatment agent is applied to a seed and the seed is subsequently coated with a lubricant compound. In another aspect, “dust” can include any active agent coated on a seed that is emits a particulate or “dust.” In another aspect, dust is released during the planting process. 
     In an aspect, a composition described herein includes a mixture or combination of lubricant composition and treatment agent described herein. 
     In another aspect, a composition or method described herein does not include an inorganic lubricant composition. Inorganic compounds, for example talc and graphite, encompass compounds such as carbides, carbonates, simple oxides of carbon, cyanides, and allotropes of carbon. 
     In an aspect, a composition or method described herein does not include talc. In another aspect, a composition or method described herein does not include graphite or graphite blends. In yet another aspect, a composition or method described herein does not include blends of graphite and/or talc. In another aspect, a composition or method described herein contains trace amount of talc or graphite. In another aspect, a composition or method described herein contains less than about 5%, less than about 10%, less than about 20%, less than about 20%, less than about 30%, less than about 40%, or less than about 50% by weight of talc, graphite, or a combination of talc or graphite. 
     In yet another aspect, a composition described herein may be blended with inert materials to improve handling or packaging, for example, silica, starches (natural and derived), clays, and other minerals. 
     In an aspect, a composition described herein is applied as a powder to a seed at the same time or before the planter fills the planter hopper with seed. In another aspect, a composition described herein is applied as a dry powder to a seed as a farmer fills the planter hopper with seed. 
     In an aspect, a composition described herein, such as a wax, is capable of providing lubricity at a lower use rate as compared to conventional lubricants, such as talc or graphite. In another aspect, a wax described herein provides for improved seed to seed and seed to planter mechanism slip and reduces insecticide loss from seed due to attrition as it passes through the vacuum planter mechanisms. 
     In another aspect, a lubricant composition described herein provides an increased level of lubricity to reduce seed to seed and seed to planter mechanism attrition as compared to traditional lubricant compositions, such as talc or graphite. In an aspect, a lubricant composition described herein is also effective at lower application rates than talc or graphite. 
     In an aspect, the methods and compositions described herein reduce dust, insecticidal dust emissions, pesticidal dust emissions, herbicidal dust emissions, or fungicidal dust emissions by about 5% to about 20%, about 20% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 50% to about 90%, about 60% to about 80%, about 65% to about 95%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 5%, about 15%, about 25%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, or about 95%, or about 5% or more, about 15% or more, about 25% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 95% or more. In yet another aspect, the dust emissions, insecticidal dust emissions, pesticidal dust emissions, or fungicidal dust emissions is reduced relative to traditional lubricants, such as talc or graphite. 
     In an aspect, a composition described herein is applied to a seed at a rate of about 0.1-5.0 oz/cwt (ounces/hundredweight), about 0.5-4.0 oz/cwt, about 1.0-3.5 oz/cwt, about 1.5-3.0 oz/cwt, about 2.0-3.0 oz/cwt, about 2.0-2.5 oz/cwt, or about 0.2 oz/cwt, about 0.5 oz/cwt, about 0.75 oz/cwt, about 1.0 oz/cwt, about 1.5 oz/cwt, about 2.0 oz/cwt, about 2.5 oz/cwt, about 3.0 oz/cwt, about 3.5 oz/cwt, about 4.0 oz/cwt, about 4.5 oz/cwt, about 5.0 oz/cwt, or about 0.2 oz/cwt or more, about 0.5 oz/cwt or more, about 0.75 oz/cwt or more, about 1.0 oz/cwt or more, about 1.5 oz/cwt or more, about 2.0 oz/cwt or more, about 2.5 oz/cwt or more, about 3.0 oz/cwt or more, about 3.5 oz/cwt or more, about 4.0 oz/cwt or more, about 4.5 oz/cwt or more, or about 5.0 oz/cwt or more. In yet another aspect, a composition described herein is applied to a seed in a manner sufficient to convey the desired property. 
     In an aspect, a composition described herein is applied to a seed in a single application step. In another aspect, a composition described herein is applied in multiple application steps. In yet another aspect, a composition described herein is applied in one, two, three or more application steps to a seed. In another aspect, a method described herein excludes multiple application steps. In an aspect, the methods described herein include a first sequential application of a treating agent described herein to a seed followed by a second application of lubricant composition described herein to a seed. 
     Seeds which can be treated by the methods described herein include, for example, seeds that are treated with insecticides, pesticides, or fungicides. Seeds may include any agricultural or vegetable seeds that are planted through a vacuum planter, including wherein talc may be used as a planter lubricant. In an aspect, the seed is selected from the group consisting of a corn seed, cotton seed, sorghum seed, oat seed, rye seed, barley seed, soybean seed, vegetable seed, wheat seed, sugarbeat seed, rice, sunflower seed, lettuce seed, and spinach seed. In an aspect, the seed is corn seed. Examples of corn seeds capable of being used in the methods described herein include, for instance, sweet corn (for example,  zea mays  convar.  saccharata  var.  Rugosa ), silver queen corn, golden bantam, early sunglow, indian corn, sugar corn, pole corn, field corn, dent corn, flint corn, flour corn, blue corn (for example,  Zea mays amylacea ), pop corn, and waxy corn. 
     Seeds may be treated with the described compositions by applying the compositions directly to the seed. In another embodiment, the seed may be treated indirectly, for example by treating the environment or habitat in which the seed is exposed to. Conventional treatment methods may be used to treat the environment or habitat including dipping, spraying, fumigating, chemigating, fogging, scattering, brushing on, shanking or injecting. 
     In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a kit comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of any of the compositions disclosed herein. In an aspect, the kit includes any of the combination of compositions described in Examples 1-4, Tables 1-8, or  FIGS. 1-8 . In another aspect, the kit provides for the compositions described in Examples 1-4, Tables 1-8, or  FIGS. 1-8 , applied in a manner that is consistent with the methodology of these examples and figures. In another aspect, the kit provides instructions or guidance regarding the use of the compositions or methods described herein. 
     In an aspect, the kit includes instructions describing the methodology described herein. In another aspect, the kit includes instructions describing the methodology set forth in any of Examples 1-4, Tables 1-8, or  FIGS. 1-8 . In an aspect, the instructions are included with the kit, separate from the kit, in the kit, or are included on the kit packaging. In yet another aspect, the instructions provide for application of a lubricant composition at planting. 
     The following examples serve to illustrate certain aspects of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the disclosure. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
     Example 1 sets forth PONCHO®/VOTIVO® Corn dust levels with polyethylene wax as a planter lubricant. 
     In Table 1, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planter lubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 1, a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and talc treatment was compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure were measured with a Heubach Dustmeter. The data in Table 1 represents an average of two seed sources. 
     In  FIG. 2 , the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multiples were evaluated on a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and talc treatment as compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. As set forth in  FIG. 2 , the % Singulation (the percentage of single distributed seeds spaced and planted in a manner that is consistent with the planter specification) and % Population (the number, in percent, of desired seeds that were planted in a manner that is consistent with the planter specification) of seeds coated with polyethylene wax as a lubricant were in line with those with as compared to talc. Additionally, as set forth in  FIG. 2 , the % Skips (the percentage of seeds that were not planted in a manner that is consistent with the planter specification) and the % Multiples (the percentage of multiple planted seeds) of seeds coated with an oxidized polyethylene wax as a lubricant were also in line with those with as compared to talc. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total Grams 
                 Grams Clothianidin in 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dust per 
                 Total Dust per 100,000 
                 % Decrease of 
               
               
                 Treatment &amp; Planter 
                 100,000 
                 Kernels (HPLC 
                 Clothianidin in 
               
               
                 Lubricant 
                 Kernels 
                 Analysis of Filters) 
                 Dust Versus Talc 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.21 
                 0.04 
                 −76% 
               
               
                 (no lubricant) 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 5.21 
                 0.16 
                 Control 
               
               
                 with Talc at 3.95 
               
               
                 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.20 
                 0.03 
                 −84% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 0.56 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.10 
                 0.02 
                 −88% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 0.75 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.17 
                 0.02 
                 −89% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 1.5 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.41 
                 0.02 
                 −86% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 3 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 2, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planter lubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 2, a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and talc treatment was compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure were measured with a John Deere Vacuum Meter. The data in Table 2 represents an average of two seed sources. The data was measured by dust captured in the vacuum air stream coming out of the meter on the test stand. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total Grams 
                 Grams Clothianidin in 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dust per 
                 Total Dust per 100,000 
                 % Decrease of 
               
               
                 Treatment &amp; Planter 
                 100,000 
                 Kernels (HPLC 
                 Clothianidin in 
               
               
                 Lubricant 
                 Kernels 
                 Analysis of Filters) 
                 Dust Versus Talc 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.89 
                 0.09 
                 −19% 
               
               
                 (no lubricant) 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 4.21 
                 0.11 
                 Control 
               
               
                 with Talc at 3.95 
               
               
                 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.45 
                 0.03 
                 −69% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 0.56 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.29 
                 0.02 
                 −78% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 0.75 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.63 
                 0.04 
                 −64% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 1.5 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.78 
                 0.03 
                 −73% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 3 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 2 
     Example 2 sets forth the PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® Corn dust levels with polyethylene wax as a planter lubricant. 
     In Table 3, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planter lubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 3, a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and talc treatment was compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure were measured with a Heubach Dustmeter. The data in Table 3 represents an average of two seed sources. 
     In  FIG. 4 , the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multiples were evaluated on a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and talc treatment was compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. As set forth in  FIG. 4 , the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multiples of seeds coated with polyethylene wax as a lubricant were in line with those with as compared to talc. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total Grams 
                 Grams Clothianidin in 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dust per 
                 Total Dust per 100,000 
                 % Decrease of 
               
               
                 Treatment &amp; Planter 
                 100,000 
                 Kernels (HPLC 
                 Clothianidin in 
               
               
                 Lubricant 
                 Kernels 
                 Analysis of Filters) 
                 Dust Versus Talc 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.18 
                 0.03 
                 −85% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® 
               
               
                 (no lubricant) 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 5.23 
                 0.18 
                 Control 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with Talc 
               
               
                 at 3.95 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.06 
                 0.01 
                 −95% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 
               
               
                 0.56 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.07 
                 0.01 
                 −96% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 
               
               
                 0.75 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.10 
                 0.01 
                 −94% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 
               
               
                 1.5 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.09 
                 0.01 
                 −93% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 3 
               
               
                 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 4, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) as a planter lubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 4, a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and talc treatment was compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure were measured with a John Deere Vacuum Meter. The data in Table 4 represents an average of two seed sources. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total Grams 
                 Grams Clothianidin in 
                 % Decrease or 
               
               
                   
                 Dust per 
                 Total Dust per 100,000 
                 Increase of 
               
               
                 Treatment &amp; Planter 
                 100,000 
                 Kernels (HPLC 
                 Clothianidin in 
               
               
                 Lubricant 
                 Kernels 
                 Analysis of Filters) 
                 Dust Versus Talc 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.77 
                 0.13 
                  +7% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® 
               
               
                 (no lubricant) 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 3.23 
                 0.12 
                 Control 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with Talc 
               
               
                 at 3.95 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.41 
                 0.04 
                 −63% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 
               
               
                 0.56 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.21 
                 0.03 
                 −78% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 
               
               
                 0.75 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.44 
                 0.04 
                 −70% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 
               
               
                 1.5 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.61 
                 0.03 
                 −73% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 3 
               
               
                 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 3 
     Example 1 sets forth the PONCHO®/VOTIVO® Corn dust levels with polyethylene wax as a planter lubricant. 
     In Table 5, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planter lubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 5, a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and graphite treatment was compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure were measured with a Heubach Dustmeter. The data in Table 5 represents an average of two seed sources. 
     In  FIG. 6 , the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multiples were evaluated on a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and graphite treatment as compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. As set forth in  FIG. 6 , the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multiples of seeds coated with powdered oxidized polyethylene wax as a lubricant were in line with those with as compared to graphite. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total Grams 
                 Grams Clothianidin in 
                 % Decrease of 
               
               
                   
                 Dust per 
                 Total Dust Per 100,000 
                 Clothianidin in 
               
               
                 Treatment &amp; Planter 
                 100,000 
                 Kernels (HPLC 
                 Dust Versus 
               
               
                 Lubricant 
                 Kernels 
                 Analysis of Filters) 
                 Graphite 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.21 
                 0.04 
                 −68% 
               
               
                 (no lubricant) 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.92 
                 0.12 
                 Control 
               
               
                 with Graphite at 0.56 
               
               
                 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.20 
                 0.03 
                 −79% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 0.56 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.10 
                 0.02 
                 −84% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 0.75 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.17 
                 0.02 
                 −85% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 1.5 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 0.41 
                 0.02 
                 −81% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 3 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 6, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planter lubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 6, a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and graphite treatment was compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure were measured with a Case IH Vacuum Meter. The data in Table 6 represents an average of two seed sources. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total Grams 
                 Grams Clothianidin in 
                 % Decrease of 
               
               
                   
                 Dust per 
                 Total Dust per 100,000 
                 Clothianidin in 
               
               
                 Treatment &amp; Planter 
                 100,000 
                 Kernels (HPLC 
                 Dust Versus 
               
               
                 Lubricant 
                 Kernels 
                 Analysis of Filters) 
                 Graphite 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 2.08 
                 0.22 
                 −21% 
               
               
                 (no lubricant) 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 3.80 
                 0.27 
                 Control 
               
               
                 with Graphite at 0.56 
               
               
                 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 1.86 
                 0.16 
                 −41% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 0.56 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 1.73 
                 0.14 
                 −48% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 0.75 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 1.97 
                 0.13 
                 −53% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 1.5 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 
                 3.64 
                 0.14 
                 −51% 
               
               
                 with Fluency Powder 
               
               
                 at 3 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 4 
     Example 4 sets forth the PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® Corn dust levels with polyethylene wax as a planter lubricant. 
     In Table 7, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planter lubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 3, a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and graphite treatment was compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure were measured with a Heubach Dustmeter. The data in Table 7 represents an average of two seed sources. 
     In  FIG. 8 , the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multiples were evaluated on a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and graphite treatment as compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. As set forth in  FIG. 8 , the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multiples of seeds coated with powdered oxidized polyethylene wax as a lubricant were in line with those with as compared to graphite. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total Grams 
                 Grams Clothianidin in 
                 % Decrease of 
               
               
                   
                 Dust per 
                 Total Dust per 100,000 
                 Clothianidin in 
               
               
                 Treatment &amp; Planter 
                 100,000 
                 Kernels (HPLC 
                 Dust Versus 
               
               
                 Lubricant 
                 Kernels 
                 Analysis of Filters) 
                 Graphite 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.18 
                 0.03 
                 −69% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® 
               
               
                 (no lubricant) 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.63 
                 0.09 
                 Control 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Graphite at 0.56 
               
               
                 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.06 
                 0.01 
                 −89% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 
               
               
                 0.56 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.17 
                 0.01 
                 −91% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 
               
               
                 0.75 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.10 
                 0.01 
                 −88% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 1.5 
               
               
                 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 0.09 
                 0.01 
                 −86% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 3 
               
               
                 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 8, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams of clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated with PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planter lubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 8, a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and graphite treatment was compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure were measured with a Case IH Vacuum Meter. The data in Table 8 represents an average of two seed sources. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total Grams 
                 Grams Clothianidin in 
                 % Decrease of 
               
               
                   
                 Dust per 
                 Total Dust per 100,000 
                 Clothianidin in 
               
               
                 Treatment &amp; Planter 
                 100,000 
                 Kernels (HPLC 
                 Dust Versus 
               
               
                 Lubricant 
                 Kernels 
                 Analysis of Filters) 
                 Graphite 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 1.83 
                 0.31 
                  −1% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ® 
               
               
                 (no lubricant) 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 3.08 
                 0.31 
                 Control 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ®with 
               
               
                 Graphite at 0.56 
               
               
                 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 1.02 
                 0.14 
                 −55% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ®with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 
               
               
                 0.56 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 1.09 
                 0.14 
                 −55% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ®with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 
               
               
                 0.75 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 1.22 
                 0.12 
                 −63% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ®with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 
               
               
                 1.5 oz/cwt seed 
               
               
                 PONCHO ® 1250 + 
                 2.19 
                 0.13 
                 −57% 
               
               
                 VOTIVO ®with 
               
               
                 Fluency Powder at 3 
               
               
                 oz/cwt seed