Patent Publication Number: US-2004051174-A1

Title: Electronic device with a voltage supply structure, semiconductor wafer with electronic devices, and associated production methods

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001] 1. Field of the Invention  
       [0002] The invention relates to an electronic device and a semiconductor wafer having semiconductor chips with active top sides configured with metallization layers and insulation layers arranged alternately one above the other. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for producing the same.  
       [0003] U.S. Pat. No. 5,939,766 discloses a capacitor for integrated circuits in the region of metallization layers of a semiconductor chip. The capacitor has a comb-shaped interconnect structure, and interconnects of two comb structures that are arranged parallel intermesh with one another. In this case, the capacitance of the capacitor is determined by the distance between the intermeshing interconnects that are arranged parallel within a metallization layer. Moreover, U.S. Pat. No. 5,939,766 discloses a capacitor having a further comb structure of the same type, but the latter is arranged in a metallization layer arranged underneath. The total capacitance of the capacitor is determined first by the distances between the intermeshing comb structures of each metallization layer and additionally by the distance between the metallization layers. To that end, the parallel interconnect structures are oriented in the same direction in the two metallization layers. What is thus achieved is that a capacitor of this type requires only a fraction of the surface of a semiconductor chip for a sufficient capacitance of the capacitor. The remaining area of the metallization layer can be used for signal interconnects and supply interconnects.  
       [0004] One disadvantage of a semiconductor chip of this type is a high area requirement on account of the arrangement of capacitor interconnects, supply interconnects, and signal interconnects in each of the metallization planes. The result is that an automatic wiring using “place+route” programs is made more difficult or is in many cases impossible. By using automatic “place+route” programs, called PR (place+route) programs hereinafter, the functional units of integrated circuits such as NOR gates, AND gates, NAND gates, operational amplifiers, impedance modules, TTL modules and others can be arbitrarily placed on one another and can be automatically wired to one another. However, this presupposes a uniform metallization layer thickness per metallization layer, which causes a high area requirement particularly in the dimensioning of supply lines at the same plane as signal lines and at the same plane as the capacitor structure disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,939,766.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005] It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide an electronic device, a semiconductor wafer, and associated production methods which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art apparatus and methods of this general type.  
       [0006] In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide an electronic device having a semiconductor chip and also a semiconductor wafer in which the layer sequence of the metallization layers is optimized with regard to the total area requirement and an automatic wiring can be effected using PR programs.  
       [0007] With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, an electronic device having a semiconductor chip with an active top side having metallization layers and insulation layers arranged thereon alternately one above the other. In this case, the metallization layers have voltage supply structures and/or signal line structures. Arranged in the insulation layers are passage contacts, which connect the voltage supply structures and the signal line structures to contact areas of the active top side of the semiconductor chip. The topmost metallization layers have area-covering voltage supply structures and insulation layers arranged in between with through contacts to module regions of the integrated circuit. In this case, at least two mutually insulated voltage supply structures are provided for a low and for a high supply potential. The voltage supply structures of the upper metallization layers in each case have grids of supply interconnects arranged parallel to one another. Successive grids of successive metallization layers are rotated relative to one another. Metallization layers for signal line structures are arranged below the metallization layers for a voltage supply.  
       [0008] An electronic device of this type having a semiconductor chip of this type has the advantage that the layer by layer separation of area-covering voltage supply structures on upper metallization layers and—arranged underneath—metallization layers with signal line structures enables the metallization thickness to be adapted to the respective tasks of the structures. Thus, significantly thicker metal structures may be provided in the topmost metallization layers in order to reduce the area requirement for the voltage supply structures. In the metallization layers arranged underneath, the metal thicknesses may be extremely small and adapted to the weak signal currents.  
       [0009] A further advantage is that now a voltage supply is available for the entire area of the semiconductor chip in an area-covering manner, thereby enabling an EMC-optimized wiring—which can be generated automatically—using PR programs. The functional modules of the lower metallization layers can be supplied with voltage without having to provide a wiring with an additional area requirement between the signal line structures of the functional modules. Rather, the functional modules are supplied from “above” from power supply rails or from contact wires. Finally, the freely selectable thickness of the metallization of the upper metallization layers enables a low-impedance supply of the functional modules of the integrated circuit, thereby also minimizing the risk of voltage dips in the voltage supply structure.  
       [0010] A further advantage of an electronic device of this type having a semiconductor chip, which has voltage supply structures on its topmost metallization layers, is that by capacitive coupling, a charge buffer is created by the grid-type supply interconnects arranged parallel to one another, thereby creating rapid and local switching currents for the underlying functional modules and for the integrated circuit structures of the semiconductor chip.  
       [0011] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the semiconductor chip has an integrated circuit subdivided into functional module regions. To that end, each module region is connected via corresponding electrodes or connection lines and via through contacts to the voltage supply structures of the upper metallization layers. Consequently, the functional module regions can be arranged closely adjacent to one another on the semiconductor chip, especially as there is no need for additional areas for passing supply voltages via corresponding voltage supply structures to the individual module regions of the integrated circuit between the functional modules, rather the entire voltage supply is effected via the area-covering voltage supply structure of the upper metallization layers and via through contacts to the electrodes or connection lines of the module regions.  
       [0012] What is provided as the semiconductor chip for the electronic device is a silicon chip made of monocrystalline material which has an integrated circuit in regions of its active top side. The contact areas of this integrated circuit are electrically connected to the interconnects arranged thereabove via through contacts through the insulation layers. The electrical connections can be wired automatically using PR programs. Such an automatic capability for wiring the voltage supply structures of the upper metallization layers has the advantage of arbitrarily extending the functions of the integrated circuit by attaching and automatically wiring further module regions without the need for additional fundamental manual development measures.  
       [0013] In a further embodiment of the invention, the supply interconnects arranged parallel to one another within a metallization layer alternately have different electrical supply potentials. What is achieved by this measure is that the side areas of the supply interconnects arranged parallel to one another serve, by virtue of their capacitive coupling, as a charge buffer for the functional modules of the integrated circuit, which improves a rapid local provision of switching currents. In this case, the possible thicker embodiment of the metallization of the upper metallization layers compared with the lower metallization layers has a capacitance-boosting effect for the signal line. The thicker the metallization of the voltage supply structures, the greater the possibility of capacitive coupling of supply interconnects arranged parallel at different electrical supply potentials. In addition to the thickness of the metallization, the distances between the supply interconnects that are arranged parallel to one another within a metallization layer and that have alternate supply voltages may also contribute to increasing the capacitive coupling by being dimensioned in such a way that they have an electrical capacitance that is as high as possible with sufficient dielectric strength.  
       [0014] In a further embodiment of the invention, the supply interconnects arranged parallel to one another within an upper metallization layer are at the same electrical supply potential. No charge buffer is created within one and the same metallization layer, but rather the grids of the subsequent metallization layers that are rotated with respect thereto are at different supply potentials, so that the mutually opposite crossover areas form a charge buffer by virtue of their capacitive coupling areas and thus enable a rapid local provision of switching currents. To that end, in an advantageous manner, the thickness of the insulation layers between the topmost metallization layers may be dimensioned in such a way that the crossover areas of the grids of two voltage supply structures that are arranged one above the other form a highest possible electrical capacitance with sufficient dielectric strength.  
       [0015] The metallization layers may have polycrystalline silicon, copper, aluminum, nickel or alloys of copper, of aluminum or of nickel. The polycrystalline silicon is highly doped as metallization layer material, so that its charge carrier concentration is above 10 21  cm −3 , which already approaches the charge carrier concentration of metals. In this case, it is preferable to use polycrystalline silicon as a metallization layer in the lower metallization layers for the signal line, and it has proved to be successful particularly as gate electrode material.  
       [0016] Copper and its alloys are increasingly being used for signal interconnects, especially since the risk of migration of copper and copper alloys is minimized in comparison with aluminum, and interconnects made of copper or copper alloys can be produced with a width in the submicron range. Nickel and nickel alloys are often used as diffusion stop layers both for voltage supply structures and for signal line structures with respect to copper interconnects. Aluminum and its alloys preferably form thick voltage supply interconnects with a high capacitive coupling.  
       [0017] The insulation layer material used is advantageously silicon dioxide and/or silicon nitride, which, on account of their high dielectric strength in extremely thin layers in some instances below 1 μm, already have a sufficient dielectric strength between the metal layers for supplying integrated circuits. In addition, the insulation layer material used may also be polymer plastics such as polyimide, which, however, on account of their lower dielectric strength, are provided with a larger thickness than the ceramic layers made of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride.  
       [0018] The present invention furthermore relates to a semiconductor wafer having a plurality of semiconductor chip positions, which are arranged in rows and columns on an active top side of the semiconductor wafer. To that end, the semiconductor wafer has—arranged alternately one above the other—patterned metallization layers and insulation layers with through contacts in each chip position. The contact areas on the active top side of the semiconductor wafer are connected to the voltage supply structures and/or the signal line structures via the passage contacts of the insulation layers. The upper metallization layers of the semiconductor wafer form area-covering voltage supply structures with insulation layers arranged in between in each of the semiconductor chip positions. To that end, mutually insulated voltage supply structures have at least a low and a high supply potential and form a grid of supply interconnects arranged parallel to one another. Successive grids in a stack of metallization layers are rotated with respect to one another. The lower metallization layers each have signal line structures.  
       [0019] The grids of the voltage supply interconnects that are rotated with respect to one another preferably form an angle of rotation of 90° for metallization layers arranged one above the other. Opposite crossover areas thus form between the voltage supply structures, and represent a charge buffer because of their coupling capacitance. The wiring of the voltage supply structures can be performed automatically by PR programs, especially as it is unambiguously the case that either only voltage supply interconnects or only signal interconnects occur within a metallization layer, and especially since the interconnects are provided in an area-covering manner in each case.  
       [0020] It is only in exceptional cases that signal interconnects can also additionally be incorporated into the upper metallization layers, in particular when it is necessary to realize short connections to the electrodes of the integrated circuit in the semiconductor chip and signal line routings via the lower metallization layers add up to an excessively large length.  
       [0021] Each semiconductor position of the semiconductor wafer has an integrated circuit subdivided into functional module regions. Each module region is connected via its electrodes or connection lines and via the passage contacts to the voltage supply structures of the upper metallization layers. The advantages of an arrangement of this type are the same as have already been elucidated more precisely for the semiconductor chip. The further advantageous embodiments of the electronic device having a semiconductor chip can also be applied to the semiconductor chip positions of a semiconductor wafer and the discussion of the associated advantages is omitted at this point in order to avoid repetition.  
       [0022] With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a method for producing a semiconductor wafer having a plurality of semiconductor chip positions and having at least two upper metallization layers as voltage supply structures with parallel supply interconnects in each of the semiconductor chip positions. The parallel supply lines of the topmost metallization layers are oriented transversely with respect to the parallel supply lines of the metallization layers arranged underneath. The method includes the following steps: A semiconductor wafer having a plurality of semiconductor chip positions is provided. The semiconductor chip positions have metallization layers with signal line structures and insulation layers arranged in between with passage contacts. The signal line structures are connected via the passage contacts to contact areas on the active top side of the semiconductor wafer. A closed metallization layer is applied to a topmost insulation layer of the signal line structures. The closed metallization layer is patterned to form a grid of parallel supply interconnects as a first voltage supply structure. The position of the supply interconnects is designed automatically by “place-route” programs. An insulation layer is applied to the voltage supply structure with passage contacts to contact areas on the active top side. The positioning of the passage contacts is effected using a photolithography mask that is designed automatically by “place-route” programs. A further metallization layer with a grid of parallel supply interconnects is applied and patterned. The grid of parallel supply interconnects is arranged in a manner rotated with respect to the direction of the first voltage supply structure and the position of the grid of parallel supply interconnects is designed automatically by “place-route” programs. The method also includes applying a passivation layer with contact pads being left free or uncovered. The contact pads are electrically connected to passage contacts.  
       [0023] This method has the advantage that it provides a semiconductor wafer, in particular a semiconductor wafer made of a single crystal of silicon, with metallization structures having, as a topmost metallization structure, voltage supply structures that have been designed automatically by PR programs. By virtue of the area saving, because voltage supply interconnects no longer run besides signal interconnects in identical metallization layers, but rather all the voltage supply structures are realized in separate upper metallization layers, a higher number of semiconductor chip positions can be provided on wafers of the same size having a diameter of 300 cm, for example. Furthermore, a greater packing density of electronic switching functions in the semiconductor wafer is achieved at the same time.  
       [0024] With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a method for producing an electronic device by separating the semiconductor wafer produced into semiconductor chips. The method includes the following steps. The semiconductor chips are applied to a leadframe with a plurality of device positions. Bonding connections are produced between the leadframe and the contact pads of the semiconductor chips in each device position. The semiconductor chips with bonding connections are produced in a plastic housing with external contacts in each device position. The leadframe is separated into a plurality of electronic devices.  
       [0025] This method is associated with the advantage that bonding connections according to predetermined plans can be carried out simultaneously for a plurality of semiconductor chips on a leadframe, and a plurality of electronic devices can also be packaged simultaneously on one and the same leadframe. Devices with a completely identical housing then result after the leadframe has been separated into individual electronic devices.  
       [0026] To summarize, it must be emphasized that future large scale integrated digital circuits fabricated in multilayer metallization processes will have a large number of available metal layers making it possible, according to the invention, to distinguish between the signal wirings and the voltage supply wirings, to provide the upper metal layers for voltage supply structures, and to reserve the underlying metal layers exclusively for the signal line structures.  
       [0027] To that end, the topmost metal layers may serve for the voltage supply of the individual functional modules of the integrated circuit of a semiconductor chip. The modules of the integrated circuit that lie below the supply layers thus tap off their supply voltage like “locomotives” from a “contact wire”. The major advantage of such “contact wire realization” of the module supply is its neutrality with respect to area. Whereas at present, for lack of available metal layers, the module supply is arranged in channels between the modules and additional chip area is thus required, using the present invention, the module supply can be arranged above the modules given the availability of sufficient metal layers. The modules themselves adjoin one another directly and without intermediate channels. Consequently, it is possible to realize an electronic device which, for the same functionality, requires a smaller chip area or, for the same chip area, now has a higher functionality and thus also a higher circuit density. Should the power requirement of the modules increase further, it is possible to accommodate as many voltage supply structures as desired one above the other in mutually insulated metallization layers.  
       [0028] If only two supply potentials are offered, then a supply concept can be realized in its entirety with a minimum of two metal layers. The top two metal layers are used for the voltage supply, and the supply is not effected via the module wiring, so that the voltage supply lines do not run within the signal wiring for the functional modules. Consequently, the functional modules are situated completely below the voltage supply layers.  
       [0029] Automatic wiring tools such as PR programs have preferred directions for the routing of the signal and supply lines. To that end, the metal tracks of the voltage supply structures are preferably routed orthogonally to one another in each case in two metallization planes lying one above the other. Consequently, the crossover of metal tracks is possible only in overlying or underlying planes. The inventive supply structure takes account of this requirement of automatic PR programs and has, in the at least two metallization planes available for the voltage supply in each case, supply tracks that are preferably rotated orthogonally to one another.  
       [0030] A low-impedance supply of the functional modules with a minimization of the voltage dips is achieved by the invention.  
       [0031] On account of the demand for automatic wiring, it is not possible to provide so-called supply areas that in each case provide a completely closed metallization layer for one of the potentials. In which case, it would be necessary to provide perforations in the bottom supply layer in order to lead through the supply voltage of the upper layer in insulated fashion through the plate for the second supply potential. Such a plate-type provision of voltage supply structures is associated with high manual outlay since PR programs are not provided for this.  
       [0032] With the patterning, according to the invention, of voltage supply lines that run parallel to one another, are arranged in grid form and are rotated relative to one another in successive metallization layers, it is possible to satisfy the boundary conditions for an automatic design of wiring routings by PR programs. The availability of very many lines running parallel means that it is also possible to satisfy the requirement for a high current-carrying capacity of the voltage supply structures.  
       [0033] At the same time, the present invention also provides, in addition to a high current-carrying capacity, a charge buffer through capacitive coupling. The charge buffers entail an advantage with regard to the current that can be supplied for fast switching operations. High-frequency components of the charge current, in particular, can then be provided in situ by the buffer. The transmission of the high-frequency switching currents and the harmonic electromagnetic oscillations thereof into regions outside the semiconductor chip is avoided in this way. As a result, the inventive semiconductor chip affords an advantage for electromagnetic compatibility, especially as high-frequency switching currents are not transmitted on structures, such as structures of an adjoining printed circuit board, for example, and, consequently, also do not cause interference there.  
       [0034] In modern IC fabrication processes, the vertical coupling capacitance is in some instances less than the lateral coupling capacitance between interconnects running parallel, especially as the width of the metal tracks is continually being reduced in comparison with the height thereof. Whereas usually running the signal wiring interconnects in parallel is avoided because of the risk of crosstalk, here the situation in which voltage supply interconnects run parallel yields a high capacitive coupling which is advantageous because of the provision of a charge buffer for fast circuit operations. Consequently, an alternate arrangement of parallel voltage supply lines with positive and negative potential in a metallization layer leads to an advantageous high capacitive coupling of the two voltage potentials.  
       [0035] Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.  
       [0036] Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in an electronic device with a voltage supply structure and a method for producing it, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.  
       [0037] The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
     [0038]FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a first embodiment of a semiconductor chip of an electronic device;  
     [0039]FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic cross sectional view of a layer plan of a second embodiment of a semiconductor chip with a plurality of metallization layers;  
     [0040]FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic cross sectional view of a layer plan of the semiconductor chip of FIG. 2 at an angle of 90° to a layer cross section of FIG. 2;  
     [0041]FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a third embodiment of the invention and specifically shows a detail of the upper metallization layers with passage contacts;  
     [0042]FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a detail of the upper metallization layers with passage contacts of the embodiment of FIG. 4;  
     [0043]FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the invention and specifically shows a detail of the upper metallization layers with passage contacts;  
     [0044]FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the invention and specifically shows a detail of the upper metallization layers with passage contacts; and  
     [0045]FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a semiconductor wafer with a plurality of semiconductor chip positions for electronic devices constructed according to the invention.  
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
     [0046] Referring now to the figures of the drawing in detail and first, particularly, to FIG. 1 thereof, there is shown a diagrammatic plan view of a semiconductor chip  7  of a first embodiment of an electronic device. The top side of the semiconductor chip exhibits five module regions  22 - 26 , which adjoin one another directly. Voltage supply lines are not provided between the module regions  22 - 26 . The boundaries of the module regions  22 - 26  are marked by the broken lines  34 . The voltage supply of the semiconductor chip  7  is effected via upper metallization layers (not marked here) which have voltage supply lines arranged parallel to one another and extend in an area-covering manner over the entire shaded area in FIG. 1. The edge region  35  of the semiconductor chip  7  is provided for contact pads  29 , which are connected to the electrodes of the integrated circuit  27  via passage contacts (not visible here) and via interconnects (not visible here) via the metallization layers.  
     [0047]FIG. 2 shows a diagrammatic cross sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention, namely, of a layer plan of a semiconductor chip  7  with a plurality of metallization layers  1 - 6 . A plurality of metallization layers  1 - 6  are arranged on a semiconductor substrate  36 . Before the semiconductor substrate  36  is separated into a plurality of semiconductor chips  7 , it can comprise a monocrystalline silicon wafer having a plurality of semiconductor chip positions  31  on its active top side  8 . In each of the semiconductor chip positions  31 , contact areas  18  are arranged in the region of the active top side  8 . These contact areas  18  form the electrodes of the individual semiconductor components of the integrated circuit. Said electrodes are interconnected to form functional module regions of the integrated circuit, as can be seen in FIG. 1. The first four metallization layers  1 - 4  have signal lines which are connected via passage contacts  17  among one another and to the contact areas  18  of the semiconductor substrate  36 .  
     [0048] In this exemplary embodiment, the thickness m of the signal interconnects of the metallization layers  1 - 4  is significantly less than the thickness D of the upper metallization layers with supply interconnects  20  running parallel. In the diagrammatic cross section of FIG. 2, from the topmost supply interconnect  20 , only an elongate supply interconnect  20  of the supply interconnects that are arranged parallel and in grid form is revealed in cross section, while from the metallization layer  5  arranged underneath, all the supply interconnects  20  running parallel can be seen in cross section. Since this is only a layer plan, the cross section of each supply interconnect  20  is only indicated symbolically and does not correspond to the true size. The same applies, in particular, to the thickness d of the insulation layer with passage contacts  17  arranged between the metallization layers.  
     [0049] While the thickness m of the lower metallization layers  1 - 4  for the signal wiring is in the range of between 0.3 and 2 μm, for example, the supply interconnects  20  have, for example, a thickness D of between 2 μm and 15 μm in this embodiment of the invention. Arranged between the metallization layers  1 - 6  are insulation layers  11 - 15  which have passage contacts  17  in order to connect together the interconnects  28  for each module region  22 - 26  shown in FIG. 1. Arranged between the two upper metallization layers  5  and  6  for a voltage supply and the metallization layers  1 - 4  arranged underneath for the signal line within the individual module regions is a contact wire layer  38 . The contact wire layer  38  includes elongate passage contacts that act like a “contact wire for a locomotive” to distribute the supply voltage of the upper metallization layers  5  and  4  between the underlying module regions with their signal line structures  10 . The thickness of the “contact wire layer” corresponds to the thickness D of the upper metallization layers  5  and  6  with their supply interconnects  20 .  
     [0050] A layer cross section of this type, as is shown in FIG. 2, is based on the principle of interconnects  28  which are arranged at right angles to one another and can be connected among one another via passage contacts  17 . A layer cross section of this type can therefore be planned and designed using automatic wiring programs, such as a PR program, without manual intervention, with the result that any desired extensions of the functionality of the integrated circuit become possible.  
     [0051]FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic cross section of a layer plan of the semiconductor chip  7  of FIG. 2 at an angle of 90° to the layer cross section of FIG. 2. This diagrammatic cross section of FIG. 3, which is illustrated orthogonally to the cross section of FIG. 2, now shows an individual supply interconnect of the metallization layer  5  in cross section, while the topmost metallization layer shows all cross sections of the voltage supply structure  9  of the topmost metallization layer  6 . These two cross sections of FIGS. 2 and 3 show that the voltage supply structure  9  of the upper two metallization layers  5  and  6  each have a grid comprising supply interconnects  20  arranged parallel to one another. These grids are arranged at right angles or orthogonally to one another and are connected via passage contacts  17  to the underlying contact wire layer  38  and the downstream module regions.  
     [0052] A detailed illustration of the upper two metallization layers  5  and  6  with their passage contacts  17  through the insulation layer  15  situated in between is shown in FIGS.  4  to  7  below. Components with the same functions as in the previous Figs. are identified by the same reference symbols in FIGS.  4  to  7  and are not discussed separately.  
     [0053]FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a third embodiment of the invention, and specifically shows a detail of the upper metallization layers  5  and  6  with passage contacts  17 . The topmost metallization layer  6  has supply interconnects  20  which are arranged parallel to one another and are at the same negative electrical potential. The thickness D of each supply interconnect  20  is between 2 and 15 μm the width B depends on the maximum current to be passed through the supply interconnects  20 . Passage contacts  17  proceed from the supply interconnects  20  of the upper metallization layer  6 , which passage contacts are connected to the contact wire layer (not shown here), as is shown by FIGS. 2 and 3. The lower second metallization layer  5  has supply interconnects which are at positive potential and form a grid  21 , which is oriented orthogonally to the grid of the topmost voltage supply structure  9 . Passage contacts  17  lead from these supply interconnects through the underlying insulation layer. The positions of the passage contacts  17  that are shown here can be automatically defined and optimized using PR programs and need not correspond to the positions that are illustrated in FIG. 4.  
     [0054]FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 4, specifically of a detail of the upper metallization layers  5  and  6  with passage contacts  17 . In FIG. 5, arrows A, which are arranged at the locations at which a capacitive coupling effect occurs, show that, on account of the potential difference between the upper voltage supply structure  9  in the metallization layer  6  and the lower voltage supply structure  9  in the metallization layer  5 , only the crossover areas in each case contribute to a capacitive coupling. The distance “a” between the interconnects running parallel makes no contribution whatsoever to a capacitive coupling, so that here only the thickness “d” of the insulation layer arranged between the interconnect grids arranged transversely with respect to one another influences the capacitive coupling. In this case, it is necessary to take account of the fact that the thickness d ensures a sufficient dielectric strength between the potential difference of the negative potential of the topmost metallization layer  6  and the positive potential of the underlying metallization layer  5 .  
     [0055]FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention, specifically, a diagrammatic perspective view of a detail of the upper metallization layers  5  and  6  with passage contacts  17 . In this embodiment of the invention, as in the third embodiment of the invention of FIGS. 4 and 5, passage contacts  17  are provided which are connected both to the lower metallization layer  5  and to the upper metallization layer  6 . However, the potentials of the supply interconnects  20  of the upper metallization layer  6  are alternately provided with a low potential or a high potential, so that their longitudinal sides lying opposite one another separated by the distance a contribute to the capacitive coupling. The underlying interconnects  20  arranged at right angles to the overlying supply interconnects  20  have the same positive potential and their distances are also significantly larger than in the case of the topmost metallization layer, since the passage contacts  17  of the overlying metallization layer  5  are arranged between the respective supply interconnects.  
     [0056] No charge buffer forms in the lower metallization layer  5  because the supply interconnects  20  have the same potential and also because of the high distance between the supply interconnects  20  of the lower metallization layer, so that only a contribution by the opposite crossover areas at a different potential forms a further contribution to the coupling capacitance. However, a greater effect than in the third exemplary embodiment of the invention can already be achieved through the significantly higher coupling capacitance which can be achieved because of the opposite longitudinal sides of the upper supply interconnects.  
     [0057]FIG. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention, and specifically shows a diagrammatic perspective view of a detail of the upper metallization layers  5  and  6  with passage contacts  17 . The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 achieves the greatest capacitive coupling between the supply interconnects  20  because, both in the topmost metallization layer  6  and in the metallization layer  5  arranged underneath, the distance a between the supply interconnects  20  is in each case optimized in such a way that all the longitudinal sides of the supply interconnects  20  contribute to the formation of a high coupling capacitance. By contrast, the number of crossover areas is lower than in the third exemplary embodiment, but higher than in the fourth exemplary embodiment, which can be seen from the arrows A.  
     [0058] This highest capacitive coupling, which advantageously enables a rapid provision of switching currents without, by way of example, high-frequency switching currents interfering with the surroundings of the electronic device, is achieved by dispensing with passage contacts  17  to the topmost metallization layer  6 . Instead, from the lower metallization layer  5 , both potentials are offered alternately to the module regions arranged underneath via passage contacts. In addition, the supply interconnects  20  of the topmost metallization layer are alternately put at a different potential, so that the upper metallization layer increases the total coupling capacitance essentially because of its mutually opposite longitudinal sides of the supply interconnects  20 . Both the supply interconnects  20  of the upper metallization layer  6  and the supply interconnects  20  of the underlying metallization layer  5  have an identical optimized distance “a” which ensures the dielectric strength and simultaneously provides for a high lateral coupling capacitance.  
     [0059] The current which can be conducted through the grid of the fifth embodiment of the invention is determined by the sum of the supply line cross sections of the mutually opposite grids  19  and  21 . Given a maximum current—assumed for avoiding electromigration—for aluminum interconnects of 1 mA per micrometer interconnect width, it is possible, by using an area-covering grid with a grid area of 25 mm 2 , taking account of predetermined design rules, to feed a supply current of about 1.5 to 2 A to the semiconductor chip, which is approximately a factor of 5 to 10 above a realistic current requirement of present-day integrated circuits of this size.  
     [0060] The resulting coupling capacitance of the fifth embodiment of the invention, as is shown by FIG. 7, can be estimated as follows:  
       C   v   =X·Y· 14  pF,    
     [0061] where X and Y denote the length and width, respectively, of the grid structure in mm and C v  is the effective vertical capacitance between the crossover areas, and, moreover.  
       C   1   =X·Y· 112  pF,    
     [0062] where X and Y denote the length and width, respectively, of the grid structure in mm and C 1  is the effective lateral capacitance between side areas of the supply interconnects.  
     [0063]FIG. 8 shows a semiconductor wafer  30  having a plurality of semiconductor chip positions  31  for electronic devices of the invention. Semiconductor wafers  30  of this type are increasingly becoming commercial objects and are supplied to corresponding customers in tested and untested form. In the case of tested semiconductor wafers  30 , the non-functional semiconductor chips  7  are marked as a precaution in order that they are not processed further after the semiconductor wafer  30  has been separated into a plurality of semiconductor chips  7 . By contrast, the functional semiconductor chips  7  are fed for further processing. The semiconductor wafer  30  itself has the semiconductor chip positions  31  in rows  32  and columns  33 , which run at right angles to one another, so that the semiconductor chips  7  can be singled out by a simple sawing technology. A semiconductor wafer  30  of this type already has all the wiring planes of the invention in each semiconductor chip position  31 , so that, after the separation into individual semiconductor chips  7 , all that has to be carried out is the application to a leadframe, the bonding of bonding connections and packaging in a corresponding housing, in order to produce an electronic device according to the invention.