Patent Publication Number: US-2023139222-A1

Title: Non-custodial tool for building decentralized computer applications

Description:
CLAIM FOR PRIORITY 
     This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Application Serial No. 17/031,372, filed Sep. 24, 2020, which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 62/904,689, filed Sep. 24, 2019, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Keeping user data secure has been an important issue for a long time. Most applications today are built with username/email/phone + password security model, which are obsolete for many reasons. For example, password leaks have become prevalent. If there exists a database with passwords, its often only a matter of time before they get stolen by sophisticated hackers that will attempt to monetize the password data. 
     In fact, even hashed and salted passwords are insecure. Once a database of hashed passwords is stolen, hackers can direct immense distributed computing resources at that database of passwords, utilizing parallel GPUs or botnets with hundreds of thousands of nodes to attempt hundreds of billions of password combinations per second in hopes of recovering plaintext identifier-password pairs. 
     Once attackers discover a password that hashes to the same hash as the one stored in the database, they’ll take that identifier-password pair and try it on other applications like bank accounts. In many cases, a salted and hashed password database can give up another valid identifier-password pair around every minute. This results in about half a million leaked passwords per year on its own - doubling every few years. For companies using passwords as secrets to encrypt sensitive data, it’s very much like symmetric encryption where the encryption key is a weak password that can be easily cracked by brute-force. 
     Additionally, user sessions are often hijacked after successful authentication, allowing attackers to exploit that user’s application resources. In order to prevent such access, a system would need to re-authenticate a user with every user request. This creates an extremely cumbersome user experience if users have to type in their password at every single request. 
     What is needed is an improved system for securing data. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present technology, roughly described, provides a non-custodial authentication system for building decentralized computer applications that execute on a distributed computing system. The present technology works within a web browser, client application, or other software and provides access to decentralized computer applications through the browser. The present technology is non-custodial, wherein a public-private key pair, which represents user identity, is created on a client machine and then directly encrypted by a third-party platform without relying on one centralized computing system. 
     The present system uses public-private key pairs, generated for each user and application combination, to perform an act related to identity authentication and authorization. The non-custodial key management system of the present technology uses a hardware security module (HSM), located over a network and remote from the user’s device, to store key information and perform encryption and decryption using a master key that cannot be exported. 
     In some instances, a method performs non-custodial authentication for a client. The method may begin with generating a private key by the client, wherein the client is associated with a user. A decentralized identifier token (DIDT) can be generated, at a client, from the private key. The user can then be authenticated for an application based on the DIDT. 
     In some instances, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium can have embodied thereon a program. The program can be executable by a processor to perform a method for performing non-custodial authentication for a client. The method may begin with generating a private key by the client, wherein the client is associated with a user. A decentralized identifier token (DIDT) can be generated, at a client, from the private key. The user can then be authenticated for an application based on the DIDT. 
     In some instances, a system can perform non-custodial authentication for a client. The system can include a server having memory and a processor. The memory can include one or more modules stored in the memory and executed by the processor. When executed by the processor, the system can generate a private key by the client, wherein the client is associated with a user. The system may further generate, at the client, a decentralized identifier token (DIDT) from the private key. The system can then authenticate the user for an application based on the DIDT. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram of a delegated key management system. 
         FIG.  2 A  illustrates a process for generating a private key in a non-custodial system. 
         FIG.  2 B  illustrates a method for signing a transaction by a user. 
         FIG.  2 C  illustrates a method for recovering a private key. 
         FIG.  3    is an exemplary method of a login process for a delegated key management system. 
         FIG.  4    is an exemplary method for requesting an access token. 
         FIG.  5    is an exemplary method for determining scoped credentials. 
         FIG.  6    is an exemplary method for determining permission. 
         FIG.  7    is an exemplary method for sending a decentralized application transaction. 
         FIG.  8    is an exemplary method for sending a decentralized contract function. 
         FIG.  9    is an exemplary method for performing a decentralized user signing. 
         FIG.  10    is an exemplary method for generating a decentralized identifier token. 
         FIG.  11    is an exemplary method for performing application authentication with a decentralized identifier token. 
         FIG.  12    is an exemplary method for performing account recovery. 
         FIG.  13    is an exemplary method for logging out a user. 
         FIG.  14    is a block diagram of a computing environment for implementing the present technology. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present technology, roughly described, provides a non-custodial authentication system for building decentralized computer applications that execute on a distributed computing system. The present technology works within a web browser, client application, or other software and provides access to decentralized computer applications through the browser. The present technology is non-custodial, wherein a public-private key pair, which represents user identity, is created on a client machine and then directly encrypted by a third-party platform without relying on one centralized computing system 
     The present system uses public-private key pairs, generated for each user and application combination, to perform an act related to identity authentication and authorization. The non-custodial key management system of the present technology uses a “hardware wallet” system, located over a network and remote from the user’s device, to store key information and perform encryption and decryption. 
     Decentralized authentication is provided using key pairs generated by the present system. The system provides a key pair to a user, which can be used to sign an authentication token (decentralized identifier token, or DIDT). The key represents the user’s identity. The generated token can be used to authenticate and authorize user actions. The key pairs can be used to implement delegated key management, or non-custodial key management. 
     The present mechanism can be used with third-party systems that provide a platform to implement serverless architecture. The platform may be a global platform for serverless application, such as for example Amazon, Inc. Other third-party platforms may be used as well. 
     The present technology described herein addresses technical problems related to managing user identify and protecting the authentication and authorization process. Mistakes lead to unauthorized access and even financial loss from compromised user privacy or identity. Most application use username and password combinations to determine a user identify. These methods are obsolete at least because passwords leaks are prevalent, and resources can be used to recover hashed passwords that have been stolen from company resources. Cryptographic standards can also be used to protect data, and have been used in state-of-the-art security systems. However, consumer deployment of cryptography-based security has failed to provide an acceptable user experience. For example, cryptographic keys are computer-generated, long strings of text that can’t be changed, so they’re hard for users to work with. Further, it can be very difficult, often impossible, to recover from loss or theft of a private key. 
     The present technology solves the technical problem related to managing user identify and protecting the authentication and authorization process. The present technology uses key management techniques and a decentralized identifier token (DIDT) to manage user identity. The key management involves using remote hardware security modules (HSMs) to encrypt a private key generated at a client. The present technology provides a decentralized solution with protection that is more secure than passwords and usernames, but provides an additional benefit of being able to decrypt a private key if the key is lost on the client device... 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram of a delegated key management system. Block diagram  100  of  FIG.  1    includes client  110 , server  125 , and third-party system  155 . Client  110  includes browser  115  and user identity  120 . User identity may include user identification information, metadata, and other data associated with the user of the overall system. Browser  115  may include an application that renders network content, including content pages, through an interface. 
     Server  125  includes web content  130 , server engine  135 , user table  140 , key table  145 , and user database  150 . Web content  130  is content provided by server  125  to browser  115  at client  110 . The web content includes content pages, interfaces, and other information for allowing a user at client  110  to access a delegated key management system. Server engine  135  includes an API for connecting to server  125 . User table  140  includes user metadata and identification information for the user. Key table  145  includes an encrypted key that is stored for each user. The user database includes identification information for each user. 
     Client  110  and server  125  may be used with a variety of different third-party systems to provide a delegated key management system. The modules discussed with respect to third-party  155  are exemplary, and other types of third-party systems are intended to be compatible with server  125  and client  110 . 
     Third-party system  155  includes one or more servers that provide access token service  160 , credentials service  165 , permission service  170 , and hardware security module resource  175 . Access token service  160  can generate and provide a token to a user. Credentials service  165  handles credentials for the particular user. Permission service  170  is used to process a received request with a credential. For example, the permission service can perform checks to see if the user has permission to access a resource. Hardware security module resource  175  provides security for users to encrypt and decrypt data. Credentials service  165  provides direct access into the third-party system bypassing server  125 . 
     In operation, a user at client  110  may perform authentication through server  125 . The server  125  may then communicate with the third-party system, and the third-party system may then generate a token for the end-user. The token can be used to exchange for a specific credential. For example, the credential can be used to access the hardware security module resource  175  to encrypt and decrypt on the client side. Providing a token, obtaining a credential, and performing transactions are discussed in more detail below with respect to  FIGS.  2 - 10   . 
       FIG.  2 A  illustrates a process for generating a private key in a non-custodial system.  FIG.  2    includes client  110 , server  125 , third party service  155 , and hardware security module  175 . Operations  202 - 220  occur between the elements  110 ,  125 ,  155 , and  175 . First, a sign-up event is detected at client  202 . A sign-up event may include a new account request initiated by a user at the client device. A sign-up request message  202  is transmitted from the client  110  to server  125 . The server  125  receives the sign-up message  205  and authenticates the user. Authentication can include sending an email to an email account associated with the user that initiated the sign-up event. 
     After authenticating the user, the server generates a new user request message  204 . The new user request message is transmitted from server  125  to third party service  155 . The third-party service receives the new user request, generates a time bound access token, and transmits the token to server  125  at  206 . The time bound access token may include time-to-live (TTL) data embedded within the token. The server forwards the time bound token to client  110  at  208 . The time bound token allows client  110  to directly communicate with third party service  155 . 
     The client  110  transmits the time bound access token to third party service  155  at  210 . The third party service receives the access token (e.g., time bound access token), generates a master key and scoped credential (e.g., a record that contains authentication information), and transmits the scoped credential to the user at step  212 . By providing the scoped credentials to the user, the user is enabled to work with the third-party service to access their master keys stored on the third party service, for example for encryption and decryption. The server is bypassed in this step, and cannot forge or intercept the scoped credentials. In some instances, the access token and scoped credentials can be created dynamically by the third-party service, with audit logs and with a time-to-live (TTL) enabled. 
     The client generates a public-private key pair based on the scoped credentials at step  214 . The public-private key pair is generated within a JavaScript iframe implemented within a network browser at the client. The iframe is inaccessible to the application which may be integrating the present technology. The public-private key pair can be generated using cryptography, for example cryptographically secure pseudo-random 256-bit entropy. In some instances, the public-private key pair can be generated using ECDSA (secp256k1) algorithm, which can also be used to sign a payload and validate a DIDT. Once generated, the generated key pair and the scoped credentials are transmitted to the hardware security module at step  216 . The hardware service module is dedicated for the user and the particular application. The hardware service module receives the private key and scoped credentials, encrypts the private key using a master key, and transmits the encrypted private key back to the client at step  218 . After the keys are encrypted, the key is stored on the iframe of the client network browser and a copy of the encrypted key is uploaded to server  125  at step  220 . The uploaded copy of the key can be used to recover the user’s identity. When a user subsequently authenticates, the encrypted private key is accessed by the client from the iframe, and the users can decrypt the encrypted key directly with the third-party service. 
       FIG.  2 B  illustrates a method for signing a transaction by a user. In  FIG.  2 B , the communicating elements are a client with a user logged in  110 , a server  125 , a third-party service  155 , a hardware security module  175 , and a blockchain service  185 . The client with the user logged in provides a time bounded access token to third-party service at step  230 . The third-party service receives the access token, generates a scoped credential, and transmits the scoped credential back to the client at step  232 . The scoped credentials are then transmitted to the hardware security module by the client at step  234 . The scoped credentials are transmitted to decrypt an encrypted private key. The hardware security module receives the scoped credentials, decrypts the encrypted private key using the scoped credentials, and returns the decrypted private key at step  236 . Once the decrypted private key is received by the client, the client can use the decrypted private key to sign transaction data at step  238 . The private key may be purged from memory at the client at step  240 . The signed transaction data than may then be submitted to the server at step  242 . Server  125  may then submit the signed transaction data to a blockchain service  185  at step  244 . Once received, the sign transaction data is stored by the blockchain  185 , and a confirmation or submission result is returned to the server  125  at step  246 . Upon receiving the submission result, the result is returned to the client from the server at step  248 . 
       FIG.  2 C  illustrates a method for recovering a private key. The elements communicating in  FIG.  2 C  include client  110 , server  125 , third party servers  155 , and hardware security module  175 . First, the client may send a message to server  125  regarding a forgotten password request at step  250 . Server  125  may send an email to reset the user’s password as message  252 . The messages sent to the user’s email service  280 . Users then notified at client  110  and that the server ascent the password reset email at step  254 . A user may reset their password and a resent password message is sent from client  110  to server  125  at step  256 . A time bound access token request is then sent by server  125  to third-party service  155  at step  258 . The third-party service receives the request and generates a time bound access token, and transmits the token to server  125  at step  260 . Server  125  receives the token and forwards the access token to client  110  at step  262 . 
     Client  110  may transmit an access token to the third-party service at step  264 . The third-party service  155  may receive the token and transmits scoped credentials for the user back to the client at step  266 . Upon receiving the scoped credentials, the client may request an encrypted private key from the server at step  268 . When the client initially generates the encrypted private key, a copy is sent to the server  125  in case the user needs to recover their credentials. The server provides encrypted private key in response to the client’s request at step  270 . The scoped credentials and the private key are transmitted to the hardware security module from client  110  at step  272 , with a request to decrypt the private key. The hardware security module  175  receives requests, decrypts the private key, and returns the decrypted private key to client  110  at step  274 . 
       FIG.  3    is an exemplary method of a login process for a delegated key management system. User information, such as for example a phone number, email, or other information, is provided by the user and received at the client at step  310 . Though a phone number is discussed with respect to the method of  FIG.  3   , other information can be received from a user to perform login, such as an email, username, or other information. The phone number received by client  110  is provided to server  125 . A determination is made at server  125  as to whether the phone number is associated with an existing account or is a new phone number at step  315 . If the phone number is associated with an account and is not a new phone number, the user is authenticated using the phone number at step  355 . The method of  FIG.  3    then returns to the login session at step  350  and the login process ends at step  360 . 
     If the provided user information is a new phone number, email or other information at step  315 , then a setup process is initiated for the user. First, authentication is performed at step  320 . An access token is then received at step  330 . The access token may be received by the user at client  110 . More details for receiving an access token are discussed with respect to the method of  FIG.  3   . The access token may then be exchanged for scoped credentials at step  335 . The access token can only be exchanged for the credentials directly with the third-party system. More detail for step  335  is discussed with respect to the method of  FIG.  4   . 
     Concurrently with step  320 - 335 , a public key and private key are created at step  325 . The public and private key may be generated in the browser of a client device  110 . A hardware security module with scoped credentials is accessed to encrypt the private keys at step  340  on a client device  110 , which completely bypasses server  125 . In this manner, a user is required to interact with the hardware security module with the scoped credentials in order to encrypt the private keys. More detail for step  340  is discussed with respect to the method of  FIG.  5   . 
     After encryption of the private keys, the encrypted private key is uploaded at step  345  and the user login session continues at step  350 . The method of  FIG.  3    then ends at step  360 . 
       FIG.  4    is an exemplary method for requesting a token. The method of  FIG.  4    provides more detail for step  230  of the method of  FIG.  2   . First, a token request is received at step  410 . A determination is then made at step  415  as to whether the token request is associated with a new user. If the request is not from a new user, a user identity and resources retrieved at step  435 . In some instances, the user identity and resource may be specific to the third-party. The method then continues to step  440  where the access token is returned to the user at step  440 , and the method of  FIG.  4    ends at step  445 . 
     If at step  415  the user is determined to be a new user based on the token request, a user account is created and added to an identity pool at step  420 . Optionally, a dedicated hardware security module resource is then created at step  425 . In some instances, the dedicated hardware security resource may be created for pool, rather than for a particular user. Hence, a dedicated hardware security module resource may only be created at step  425  if an additional pool is needed once the user is created. A policy is updated to restrict access and to link the user identity and the resource at step  430 . The access token from the newly created user is then returned at step  440 , and the method ends at step  445 . 
       FIG.  5    is an exemplary method for determining scoped credentials. First, a scoped credentials request is received at step  510 . The supplied access token is then validated at step  515 . A determination is made as to whether the token is valid at step  520 . If the token is not valid, the scoped credentials request is rejected at step  535  and the process of  FIG.  5    ends at step  540 . 
     If the token is determined to be valid at step  520 , the token is exchanged for scoped credentials at step  525 . In some instances, users are directed to a site, wherein the token is exchanged for scoped credentials associated with a particular user identity pool. A user will then have permissions associated with a pool to access particular resources. The scoped credentials are then returned to a user at step  530 . The credentials are returned to a client by the third-party system. In some instances, to implement a delegated key management system, the credentials must be returned by the third-party system. The method of  FIG.  5    then ends at step  540 . 
       FIG.  6    is an exemplary method for determining permission. The method of  FIG.  6    provides more detail for step  240  the method of  FIG.  2    First, a dedicated hardware security module is accessed at step  610 . User supplied credentials are then validated at step  615 , and a determination is made as to whether the user credentials are valid at step  620 . In some instances, when a user receives credentials back from a third-party service, the third-party service may subsequently determine if the credentials are valid. If the credentials are not valid, the resource access is rejected at step  625  and the method of  FIG.  6    ends at step  645 . 
     If the credentials are determined to be valid at step  620 , the credentials are checked against a policy at step  630 . The policy is applied to uses associated with a particular user pool. There is an assumed role, and anyone who authenticates against the specific user pool is checked with their credentials. If authentication is successful, a user can become the specified role. The specific role will have a specific policy attached to the role. 
     After checking credentials against the policy, a determination is made as to whether the user can access the resource at step  635 . If a user does not have permission to access the resource, resource access is rejected at step  625  and the method continues to step  645 . If a user can access the resource, as determined by the third-party system, resource access is allowed at step  640  and the method of  FIG.  6    ends at step  645 . 
     In some instances, the present technology can be used to sign transactions. Transaction data can be signed based on an encrypted private key. The signed transaction data can be submitted for storage at a plurality of linked peer-to-peer computers that store data in blocks that are linked together. 
       FIG.  7    is an exemplary method for sending a decentralized application transaction. First, a user is logged in at step  710 . After login, a determination is made at step  715  as to whether encrypted private key exists on the client  110  for the login user. If an encrypted private key exists, the access token is received at step  725 . If the encrypted private key does not exist for the user, encrypted private key is retrieved at step  720 , and the method continues to step  725 . 
     An access token is received at step  725 . The access token is then exchanged for scoped credentials at step  730 . Next, a hardware security module with scoped credentials is accessed to decrypt the encrypted private keys at step  735 . 
     A payload is constructed at step  740 . The payload is constructed for use on a platform for decentralized applications. In some instances, the platform may be a global platform for decentralized applications. Once the decryption and encryption are completed with a private key, user can use it on a client site for execution operations. A payload is then signed using the private key at step  745 . The sign payload is then sent to the decentralized application platform network at step  750 . The method of  FIG.  7    then ends at step  755 . 
       FIG.  8    is an exemplary method for sending a decentralized contract function. A user logs in at step  810 . The login process is discussed in more detail with respect to the method of  FIG.  2   . After login, a determination is made as to whether an encrypted private key exists on the client  110  for the logged in user at step  815 . If encrypted private key exists, the method of  FIG.  8    continues to step  825 . If an encrypted private key does not already exist, the encrypted private key is retrieved at step  820 , and the method continues to step  825 . 
     An access token is received at step  825 . The access token may then be exchanged for the scoped credentials at step  830 . A hardware security module with scoped credentials can be accessed to decrypt the encrypted private keys at step  835 . A contract call payload may then be constructed at step  840 . In some instances, the payload can be construed for a decentralized application. 
     A payload can be signed with a private key at step  845 , and the signed payload is then sent to the decentralized application platform at step  850 . The method of  FIG.  8    then ends at step  855 . 
       FIG.  9    is an exemplary method for performing a decentralized user signing. A user is logged in at step  910 . User login proceeds as discussed with respect to the method of  FIG.  2   . After login, a determination is made as to whether a private key exists on the client 90 for the user at step  915 . If a user key exists, the method of  FIG.  9    continues to step  925 . If the private key does not exist, encrypted private key is retrieved for the logged in user at step  920  and the method of  FIG.  9    continues to step  925 . 
     An access token is received at step  925 . The access token may then be exchanged for the scoped credentials at step  930 . A hardware security module with scoped credentials can be accessed to decrypt the encrypted private keys at step  935 . 
     A payload can then be signed with a private key at step  945 . The signed payload can then be sent to a decentralized application platform at step  950 . The method of  FIG.  9    then ends at step  955 . 
       FIG.  10    is an exemplary method for generating a decentralized identifier token. A user is logged in at step  1010 . At some point while the user is logged in, a determination is made as to whether an encrypted private key exists at step  1015 . If encrypted private key does not exist, encrypted private key is retrieved at step  1020 . The method of  FIG.  10    then continues to step  1025 . If the encrypted private key does exist, the system receives an access token at step  1025 . The access token is an exchanged for scoped credentials by the client from a hardware security module at step  1030 . The hardware security module is accessed with the scoped credentials to decrypt the encrypted private keys at step  1035 . A decentralized identifier token (DIDT) payload is constructed at step  1040 . The DIDT payload is signed with a private key at step  1045 . The method of  FIG.  10    then ends at step  1050 . 
       FIG.  11    is an exemplary method for performing application authentication with a decentralized identifier token. A login request is received at step  1110 . A decentralized identifier token (DIDT) is then generated at step  1115 . The DIDT may be generated at the client, for example by a client application or a network browser iframe. The method of  FIG.  10    provides more detail for generating a DIDT token. The DIDT is then returned to the application at step  1120 . The application can validate the decentralized identifier token at step  1125 . A determination is then made as to whether the decentralized identifier token is validated at step  1130 . If the token is not validated, then the method of  FIG.  11    ends at step  1140 . If the token is validated by the application, the application successfully validates the user at step  1135 . The method of  FIG.  11    then ends at step  1140 . 
       FIG.  12    is an exemplary method for performing account recovery. A request to initiate account recovery is received from a user at step  1210 . The recovery emails are sent to the user at step  1215 . A user may reset the password with a password reset link provided to the user via email and at step  1220 . Once the password has been reset, user may be prompted to perform login again at step  1225 . Encrypted private key may then be returned to user at step  1230 . The method of  FIG.  12    then ends at step  1235 . 
       FIG.  13    is an exemplary method for logging out a user. A first, the user is logged out at step  1310 . An encrypted private key for the user is cleared at the client-side for the user at step  1320 . A user login session is then deactivated at step  1330 . The method of  FIG.  13    then ends at step  1340 . 
       FIG.  14    is a block diagram of a computing environment for implementing in the present technology. System  1400  of  FIG.  14    may be implemented in the contexts of the likes of machines that implement battery client  140 , server  145 , and third-party system  155 . The computing system  1400  of  FIG.  14    includes one or more processors  1410  and memory  1420 . Main memory  1420  stores, in part, instructions and data for execution by processor  1410 . Main memory  1420  can store the executable code when in operation. The system  1400  of  FIG.  14    further includes a mass storage device  1430 , portable storage medium drive(s)  1440 , output devices  1450 , user input devices  1460 , a graphics display  1470 , and peripheral devices  1480 . 
     The components shown in  FIG.  14    are depicted as being connected via a single bus  1490 . However, the components may be connected through one or more data transport means. For example, processor unit  1410  and main memory  1420  may be connected via a local microprocessor bus, and the mass storage device  1430 , peripheral device(s)  1480 , portable storage device  1440 , and display system  1470  may be connected via one or more input/output (I/O) buses. 
     Mass storage device  1430 , which may be implemented with a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, a flash drive, or other device, is a non-volatile storage device for storing data and instructions for use by processor unit  1410 . Mass storage device  1430  can store the system software for implementing embodiments of the present invention for purposes of loading that software into main memory  1420 . 
     Portable storage device  1440  operates in conjunction with a portable non-volatile storage medium, such as a floppy disk, compact disk or Digital video disc, USB drive, memory card or stick, or other portable or removable memory, to input and output data and code to and from the computer system  1400  of  FIG.  14   . The system software for implementing embodiments of the present invention may be stored on such a portable medium and input to the computer system  1400  via the portable storage device  1440 . 
     Input devices  1460  provide a portion of a user interface. Input devices  1460  may include an alpha-numeric keypad, such as a keyboard, for inputting alpha-numeric and other information, a pointing device such as a mouse, a trackball, stylus, cursor direction keys, microphone, touchscreen, accelerometer, and other input devices. Additionally, the system  1400  as shown in  FIG.  14    includes output devices  1450 . Examples of suitable output devices include speakers, printers, network interfaces, and monitors. 
     Display system  1470  may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) or other suitable display device. Display system  1470  receives textual and graphical information and processes the information for output to the display device. Display system  1470  may also receive input as a touchscreen. 
     Peripherals  1480  may include any type of computer support device to add additional functionality to the computer system. For example, peripheral device(s)  1480  may include a modem or a router, printer, and other device. 
     The system of  1400  may also include, in some implementations, antennas, radio transmitters and radio receivers  1490 . The antennas and radios may be implemented in devices such as smart phones, tablets, and other devices that may communicate wirelessly. The one or more antennas may operate at one or more radio frequencies suitable to send and receive data over cellular networks, Wi-Fi networks, commercial device networks such as a Bluetooth device, and other radio frequency networks. The devices may include one or more radio transmitters and receivers for processing signals sent and received using the antennas. 
     The components contained in the computer system  1400  of  FIG.  14    are those typically found in computer systems that may be suitable for use with embodiments of the present invention and are intended to represent a broad category of such computer components that are well known in the art. Thus, the computer system  1400  of  FIG.  14    can be a personal computer, handheld computing device, smart phone, mobile computing device, workstation, server, minicomputer, mainframe computer, or any other computing device. The computer can also include different bus configurations, networked platforms, multi-processor platforms, etc. Various operating systems can be used including Unix, Linux, Windows, Macintosh OS, Android, as well as languages including Java, .NET, C, C++, Node.JS, and other suitable languages. 
     The foregoing detailed description of the technology herein has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the technology to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The described embodiments were chosen to best explain the principles of the technology and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the technology in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the technology be defined by the claims appended hereto.