Patent Publication Number: US-2021177341-A1

Title: Utilizing wearable electronic devices at a worksite

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/581,065, titled “WORK OPTIMIZATION AND SAFETY USING WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY,” filed Nov. 3, 2017, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Wells are generally drilled into the ground or ocean bed to recover natural deposits of oil, gas, and other materials that are trapped in subterranean formations. Well construction operations (e.g., drilling operations) may be performed at a wellsite by a drilling system having various automated surface and subterranean equipment operating in a coordinated manner. For example, a drive mechanism, such as a top drive or rotary table located at a wellsite surface, can be utilized to rotate and advance a drill string into a subterranean formation to drill a wellbore. The drill string may include a plurality of drill pipes coupled together and terminating with a drill bit. Length of the drill string may be increased by adding additional drill pipes while depth of the wellbore increases. Drilling fluid may be pumped from the wellsite surface down through the drill string to the drill bit. The drilling fluid lubricates and cools the drill bit, and carries drill cuttings from the wellbore back to the wellsite surface. The drilling fluid returning to the surface may then be cleaned and again pumped through the drill string. The equipment of the drilling system may be grouped into various subsystems, wherein each subsystem performs a different operation controlled by a corresponding local and/or a remotely located controller. 
     During drilling operations, the automated equipment of the drilling system is continuously being worked on by human wellsite workers (e.g., drillers, roughnecks, maintenance crew, etc.). Such work includes operating the equipment to perform the well construction operations and conducting maintenance activities at the wellsite or in a workshop to preserve condition (i.e., health) of the equipment. Although the automated equipment increases efficiency of the well construction operations, such equipment poses a safety hazard to the wellsite workers. For example, serious injuries may be sustained by a wellsite worker who, while working alongside an automated machine, is struck or pushed by an automated machine executing an automated sequence during well construction operations. 
     Maintenance activities may be foreseeable and periodic or unpredictable and in response to an untimely failure. Periodic maintenance schedules can vary considerably from daily maintenance of equipment, such as greasing, to monthly changing out of consumables, such as filters, to complete overhauling of the equipment after a predetermined period of use. Each of these activities can take anywhere from minutes to days to complete. Furthermore, drilling rigs or remote maintenance centers do not have the capability to accurately monitor and/or plan maintenance activities, resulting in variability, non-standardization, and inefficiency of maintenance activities, particularly in terms of time taken to accomplish such maintenance activities. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify indispensable features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
     The present disclosure introduces an apparatus that includes a wearable electronic device and a processing device. The wearable electronic device is to be worn by a human at a worksite. The wearable electronic device includes a sensor to detect a physical action and/or experience of the human, and an output device to output a sensory signal to be perceived by the human. The processing device includes a processor and a memory storing computer program code. The processing device is operable to cause the output device to output the sensory signal based on the detected physical action and/or experience. 
     The present disclosure also introduces a system that includes multiple wearable electronic devices, a database, and a processing device. The wearable electronic devices are to be worn by humans at worksites. Each wearable electronic device includes a sensor to detect a human physical action and/or experience and an output device to output a sensory signal for human perception. The sensory signal is based on at least one of the detected physical actions and/or experiences. The processing device includes a processor and a memory storing computer program code. The processing device is communicatively connected with the wearable electronic devices and the database. The processing device is operable to record the detected physical actions and/or experiences to the database in association with information indicative of types of worksite events performed and/or experienced by the humans that correspond to the detected physical actions and/or experiences. The processing device is also operable to compare a subsequent human physical action and/or experience during a corresponding subsequent worksite event, as detected by a sensor of one of the wearable electronic devices, to the recorded physical actions and/or experiences. The processing device is also operable to determine the type of the subsequent worksite event based on the comparison. 
     The present disclosure also introduces a method that includes, while at a wellsite, donning an electronic device that includes or is in wireless communication with a processing device. The processing device includes a processor and a memory storing computer program code. The method also includes performing an action or having an experience while at the wellsite. The performed action or experience is detected by the donned electronic device. The method also includes, while at the wellsite, perceiving a sensory signal output by the donned electronic device. The sensory signal output is caused by the processing device based on the detected action or experience. 
     The present disclosure also introduces a method that includes outputting a sensory signal to be perceived by a human wearing an electronic device at a worksite. The electronic device includes or is in wireless communication with a processing device. The processing device includes a processor and a memory storing computer program code. The electronic device detects physical actions and/or experiences of the human at the wellsite. The sensory signal output is caused by the processing device based on the detected physical actions and/or experiences. 
     These and additional aspects of the present disclosure are set forth in the description that follows, and/or may be learned by a person having ordinary skill in the art by reading the materials herein and/or practicing the principles described herein. At least some aspects of the present disclosure may be achieved via means recited in the attached claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present disclosure is best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is emphasized that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion. 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus during various stages of operations according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus during various stages of operations according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus during various stages of operations according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of apparatus during various stages of operations according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 15  is a geometric shape related to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     It is to be understood that the following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of various embodiments. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for simplicity and clarity, and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. Moreover, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature in the description that follows may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be formed interposing the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. 
     Systems and methods (e.g., processes, operations) according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be utilized or otherwise implemented in association with an automated well construction system at an oil and gas wellsite, such as for constructing a wellbore to obtain hydrocarbons (e.g., oil and/or gas) from a subterranean formation. However, one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be utilized or otherwise implemented in association with other automated systems in the oil and gas industry and other industries. For example, one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented in association with wellsite systems for performing fracturing, cementing, acidizing, chemical injecting, and/or water jet cutting operations, among other examples. One or more aspects of the present disclosure may also be implemented in association with mining sites, building construction sites, manufacturing facilities, maintenance (e.g., repair) facilities, and/or other worksites where automated machines or equipment are utilized. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of a well construction system  100  according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The well construction system  100  represents an example environment in which one or more aspects of the present disclosure described below may be implemented. Although the well construction system  100  is depicted as an onshore implementation, the aspects described below are also applicable to offshore implementations. 
     The well construction system  100  is depicted in relation to a wellbore  102  formed by rotary and/or directional drilling from a wellsite surface  104  and extending into a subterranean formation  106 . The well construction system  100  includes surface equipment  110  located at the wellsite surface  104  and a drill string  120  suspended within the wellbore  102 . The surface equipment  110  may include a mast, a derrick, and/or another support structure  112  disposed over a rig floor  114 . The drill string  120  may be suspended within the wellbore  102  from the support structure  112 . The support structure  112  and the rig floor  114  are collectively supported over the wellbore  102  by legs and/or other support structures (not shown). 
     The drill string  120  may comprise a bottom-hole assembly (BHA)  124  and means  122  for conveying the BHA  124  within the wellbore  102 . The conveyance means  122  may comprise drill pipe, heavy-weight drill pipe (HWDP), wired drill pipe (WDP), tough logging condition (TLC) pipe, coiled tubing, and/or other means for conveying the BHA  124  within the wellbore  102 . A downhole end of the BHA  124  may include or be coupled to a drill bit  126 . Rotation of the drill bit  126  and the weight of the drill string  120  collectively operate to form the wellbore  102 . The drill bit  126  may be rotated from the wellsite surface  104  and/or via a downhole mud motor (not shown) connected with the drill bit  126 . 
     The BHA  124  may also include various downhole tools  180 ,  182 ,  184 . One or more of such downhole tools  180 ,  182 ,  184  may be or comprise an acoustic tool, a density tool, a directional drilling tool, an electromagnetic (EM) tool, a formation sampling tool, a formation testing tool, a gravity tool, a monitoring tool, a neutron tool, a nuclear tool, a photoelectric factor tool, a porosity tool, a reservoir characterization tool, a resistivity tool, a rotational speed sensing tool, a sampling-while-drilling (SWD) tool, a seismic tool, a surveying tool, a torsion sensing tool, and/or other measuring-while-drilling (MWD) or logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools. 
     One or more of the downhole tools  180 ,  182 ,  184  may be or comprise an MWD or LWD tool comprising a sensor package  186  operable for the acquisition of measurement data pertaining to the BHA  124 , the wellbore  102 , and/or the formation  106 . One or more of the downhole tools  180 ,  182 ,  184  and/or another portion of the BHA  124  may also comprise a telemetry device  187  operable for communication with the surface equipment  110 , such as via mud-pulse telemetry. One or more of the downhole tools  180 ,  182 ,  184  and/or another portion of the BHA  124  may also comprise a downhole processing device  188  operable to receive, process, and/or store information received from the surface equipment  110 , the sensor package  186 , and/or other portions of the BHA  124 . The processing device  188  may also store executable computer programs (e.g., program code instructions), including for implementing one or more aspects of the operations described herein. 
     The support structure  112  may support a driver, such as a top drive  116 , operable to connect (perhaps indirectly) with an uphole end of the conveyance means  122 , and to impart rotary motion  117  and vertical motion  135  to the drill string  120  and the drill bit  126 . However, another driver, such as a kelly and rotary table (neither shown), may be utilized instead of or in addition to the top drive  116  to impart the rotary motion  117 . The top drive  116  and the connected drill string  120  may be suspended from the support structure  112  via hoisting equipment, which may include a traveling block  118 , a crown block (not shown), and a draw works  119  storing a support cable or line  123 . The crown block may be connected to or otherwise supported by the support structure  112 , and the traveling block  118  may be coupled with the top drive  116 , such as via a hook. The draw works  119  may be mounted on or otherwise supported by the rig floor  114 . The crown block and traveling block  118  comprise pulleys or sheaves around which the support line  123  is reeved to operatively connect the crown block, the traveling block  118 , and the draw works  119  (and perhaps an anchor). The draw works  119  may thus selectively impart tension to the support line  123  to lift and lower the top drive  116 , resulting in the vertical motion  135 . The draw works  119  may comprise a drum, a frame, and a prime mover (e.g., an engine or motor) (not shown) operable to drive the drum to rotate and reel in the support line  123 , causing the traveling block  118  and the top drive  116  to move upward. The draw works  119  may be operable to release the support line  123  via a controlled rotation of the drum, causing the traveling block  118  and the top drive  116  to move downward. 
     The top drive  116  may comprise a grabber, a swivel (neither shown), a tubular handling assembly links  127  terminating with an elevator  129 , and a drive shaft  125  operatively connected with a prime mover (not shown), such as via a gear box or transmission (not shown). The drill string  120  may be mechanically coupled to the drive shaft  125  with or without a sub saver between the drill string  120  and the drive shaft  125 . The prime mover may be selectively operated to rotate the drive shaft  125  and the drill string  120  coupled with the drive shaft  125 . Hence, during drilling operations, the top drive  116  in conjunction with operation of the draw works  119  may advance the drill string  120  into the formation  106  to form the wellbore  102 . The tubular handling assembly links  127  and the elevator  129  of the top drive  116  may handle tubulars (e.g., drill pipes, drill collars, casing joints, etc.) that are not mechanically coupled to the drive shaft  125 . For example, when the drill string  120  is being tripped into or out of the wellbore  102 , the elevator  129  may grasp the tubulars of the drill string  120  such that the tubulars may be raised and/or lowered via the hoisting equipment mechanically coupled to the top drive  116 . The grabber may include a clamp that clamps onto a tubular when making up and/or breaking out a connection of a tubular with the drive shaft  125 . The top drive  116  may have a guide system (not shown), such as rollers that track up and down a guide rail on the support structure  112 . The guide system may aid in keeping the top drive  116  aligned with the wellbore  102 , and in preventing the top drive  116  from rotating during drilling by transferring reactive torque to the support structure  112 . 
     The well construction system  100  may further include a well control system for maintaining well pressure control. For example, the drill string  120  may be conveyed within the wellbore  102  through various blowout preventer (BOP) equipment disposed at the wellsite surface  104  on top of the wellbore  102  and perhaps below the rig floor  114 . The BOP equipment may be operable to control pressure within the wellbore  102  via a series of pressure barriers (e.g., rams) between the wellbore  102  and the wellsite surface  104 . The BOP equipment may include a BOP stack  130 , an annular preventer  132 , and/or a rotating control device (RCD)  138  mounted above the annular preventer  132 . The BOP equipment  130 ,  132 ,  138  may be mounted on top of a wellhead  134 . The well control system may further include a BOP control unit  137  (i.e., a BOP closing unit) operatively connected with the BOP equipment  130 ,  132 ,  138  and operable to actuate, drive, operate or otherwise control the BOP equipment  130 ,  132 ,  138 . The BOP control unit  137  may be or comprise a hydraulic fluid power unit fluidly connected with the BOP equipment  130 ,  132 ,  138  and selectively operable to hydraulically drive various portions (e.g., rams, valves, seals) of the BOP equipment  130 ,  132 ,  138 . 
     The well construction system  100  may further include a drilling fluid circulation system operable to circulate fluids between the surface equipment  110  and the drill bit  126  during drilling and other operations. For example, the drilling fluid circulation system may be operable to inject a drilling fluid from the wellsite surface  104  into the wellbore  102  via an internal fluid passage  121  extending longitudinally through the drill string  120 . The drilling fluid circulation system may comprise a pit, a tank, and/or other fluid container  142  holding the drilling fluid (i.e., mud)  140 , and a pump  144  operable to move the drilling fluid  140  from the container  142  into the fluid passage  121  of the drill string  120  via a fluid conduit  146  extending from the pump  144  to the top drive  116  and an internal passage extending through the top drive  116 . The fluid conduit  146  may comprise one or more of a pump discharge line, a stand pipe, a rotary hose, and a gooseneck (not shown) connected with a fluid inlet of the top drive  116 . The pump  144  and the container  142  may be fluidly connected by a fluid conduit  148 , such as a suction line. 
     During drilling operations, the drilling fluid may continue to flow downhole through the internal passage  121  of the drill string  120 , as indicated by directional arrow  158 . The drilling fluid may exit the BHA  124  via ports  128  in the drill bit  126  and then circulate uphole through an annular space  108  (“annulus”) of the wellbore  102  defined between an exterior of the drill string  120  and the wall of the wellbore  102 , such flow being indicated by directional arrows  159 . In this manner, the drilling fluid lubricates the drill bit  126  and carries formation cuttings uphole to the wellsite surface  104 . The returning drilling fluid may exit the annulus  108  via a bell nipple  139 , an RCD  138 , and/or a ported adapter  136  (e.g., a spool, a wing valve, etc.) located below one or more portions of the BOP stack  130 . 
     The drilling fluid exiting the annulus  108  via the bell nipple  139  may be directed toward drilling fluid reconditioning equipment  170  via a fluid conduit  145  (e.g., gravity return line) to be cleaned and/or reconditioned, as described below, prior to being returned to the container  142  for recirculation. The drilling fluid exiting the annulus  108  via the RCD  138  may be directed into a fluid conduit  160  (e.g., a drilling pressure control line), and may pass through various wellsite equipment fluidly connected along the conduit  160  prior to being returned to the container  142  for recirculation. For example, the drilling fluid may pass through a choke manifold  162  (e.g., a drilling pressure control choke manifold) and then through the drilling fluid reconditioning equipment  170 . The choke manifold  162  may include at least one choke and a plurality of fluid valves (neither shown) collectively operable to control the flow through and out of the choke manifold  162 . Backpressure may be applied to the annulus  108  by variably restricting flow of the drilling fluid or other fluids flowing through the choke manifold  162 . The greater the restriction to flow through the choke manifold  162 , the greater the backpressure applied to the annulus  108 . The drilling fluid exiting the annulus  108  via the ported adapter  136  may be directed into a fluid conduit  171  (e.g., rig choke line), and may pass through various equipment fluidly connected along the conduit  171  prior to being returned to the container  142  for recirculation. For example, the drilling fluid may pass through a choke manifold  173  (e.g., a rig choke manifold, well control choke manifold) and then through the drilling fluid reconditioning equipment  170 . The choke manifold  173  may include at least one choke and a plurality of fluid valves (neither shown) collectively operable to control the flow through the choke manifold  173 . Backpressure may be applied to the annulus  108  by variably restricting flow of the drilling fluid or other fluids flowing through the choke manifold  173 . 
     Before being returned to the container  142 , the drilling fluid returning to the wellsite surface  104  may be cleaned and/or reconditioned via drilling fluid reconditioning equipment  170 , which may include one or more of liquid gas separators, shale shakers, centrifuges, and other drilling fluid cleaning equipment. The liquid gas separators may remove formation gasses entrained in the drilling fluid discharged from the wellbore  102  and the shale shakers may separate and remove solid particles  141  (e.g., drill cuttings) from the drilling fluid. The drilling fluid reconditioning equipment  170  may further comprise equipment operable to remove additional gas and finer formation cuttings from the drilling fluid and/or modify physical properties or characteristics (e.g., rheology) of the drilling fluid. For example, the drilling fluid reconditioning equipment  170  may include a degasser, a desander, a desilter, a mud cleaner, and/or a decanter, among other examples. Intermediate tanks/containers (not shown) may be utilized to hold the drilling fluid while the drilling fluid progresses through the various stages or portions of the drilling fluid reconditioning equipment  170 . The cleaned/reconditioned drilling fluid may be transferred to the fluid container  142 , the solid particles  141  removed from the drilling fluid may be transferred to a solids container  143  (e.g., a reserve pit), and/or the removed gas may be transferred to a flare stack  172  via a conduit  174  (e.g., a flare line) to be burned or to a container (not shown) for storage and removal from the wellsite. 
     The surface equipment  110  may include tubular handling equipment operable to store, move, connect, and disconnect tubulars (e.g., drill pipes) to assemble and disassemble the conveyance means  122  of the drill string  120  during drilling operations. For example, a catwalk  131  may be utilized to convey tubulars from a ground level, such as along the wellsite surface  104 , to the rig floor  114 , permitting the tubular handling assembly links  127  to grab and lift the tubulars above the wellbore  102  for connection with previously deployed tubulars. The catwalk  131  may have a horizontal portion and an inclined portion that extends between the horizontal portion and the rig floor  114 . The catwalk  131  may comprise a skate  133  movable along a groove (not shown) extending longitudinally along the horizontal and inclined portions of the catwalk  131 . The skate  133  may be operable to convey (e.g., push) the tubulars along the catwalk  131  to the rig floor  114 . The skate  133  may be driven along the groove by a drive system (not shown), such as a pulley system or a hydraulic system. Additionally, one or more racks (not shown) may adjoin the horizontal portion of the catwalk  131 . The racks may have a spinner unit for transferring tubulars to the groove of the catwalk  131 . 
     An iron roughneck  151  may be positioned on the rig floor  114 . The iron roughneck  151  may comprise a torqueing portion  153 , such as may include a spinner and a torque wrench comprising a lower tong and an upper tong. The torqueing portion  153  of the iron roughneck  151  may be moveable toward and at least partially around the drill string  120 , such as may permit the iron roughneck  151  to make up and break out connections of the drill string  120 . The torqueing portion  153  may also be moveable away from the drill string  120 , such as may permit the iron roughneck  151  to move clear of the drill string  120  during drilling operations. The spinner of the iron roughneck  151  may be utilized to apply low torque to make up and break out threaded connections between tubulars of the drill string  120 , and the torque wrench may be utilized to apply a higher torque to tighten and loosen the threaded connections. 
     Reciprocating slips  161  may be located on the rig floor  114 , such as may accommodate therethrough the downhole tubulars during make up and break out operations and during the drilling operations. The reciprocating slips  161  may be in an open position during drilling operations to permit advancement of the drill string  120  therethrough, and in a closed position to clamp an upper end of the conveyance means  122  (e.g., assembled tubulars) to thereby suspend and prevent advancement of the drill string  120  within the wellbore  102 , such as during the make up and break out operations. 
     During drilling operations, the hoisting equipment lowers the drill string  120  while the top drive  116  rotates the drill string  120  to advance the drill string  120  downward within the wellbore  102  and into the formation  106 . During the advancement of the drill string  120 , the reciprocating slips  161  are in an open position, and the iron roughneck  151  is moved away or is otherwise clear of the drill string  120 . When the upper portion of the tubular in the drill string  120  that is made up to the drive shaft  125  is near the reciprocating slips  161  and/or the rig floor  114 , the top drive  116  ceases rotating and the reciprocating slips  161  close to clamp the tubular made up to the drive shaft  125 . The grabber (not shown) of the top drive  116  then clamps the upper portion of the tubular made up to the drive shaft  125 , and the drive shaft  125  rotates in a direction reverse from the drilling rotation to break out the connection between the drive shaft  125  and the made up tubular. The grabber of the top drive  116  may then release the tubular of the drill string  120 . 
     Multiple tubulars may be loaded on the rack of the catwalk  131  and individual tubulars (or stands of two or three tubulars) may be transferred from the rack to the groove in the catwalk  131 , such as by the spinner unit. The tubular positioned in the groove may be conveyed along the groove by the skate  133  until an end of the tubular projects above the rig floor  114 . The elevator  129  of the top drive  116  then grasps the protruding end, and the draw works  119  is operated to lift the top drive  116 , the elevator  129 , and the new tubular. 
     The hoisting equipment then raises the top drive  116 , the elevator  129 , and the tubular until the tubular is aligned with the upper portion of the drill string  120  clamped by the slips  161 . The iron roughneck  151  is moved toward the drill string  120 , and the lower tong of the torqueing portion  153  clamps onto the upper portion of the drill string  120 . The spinning system rotates the new tubular (e.g., a threaded male end) into the upper portion of the drill string  120  (e.g., a threaded female end). The upper tong then clamps onto the new tubular and rotates with high torque to complete making up the connection with the drill string  120 . In this manner, the new tubular becomes part of the drill string  120 . The iron roughneck  151  then releases and moves clear of the drill string  120 . 
     The grabber of the top drive  116  may then clamp onto the drill string  120 . The drive shaft  125  (e.g., a threaded male end) is brought into contact with the drill string  120  (e.g., a threaded female end) and rotated to make up a connection between the drill string  120  and the drive shaft  125 . The grabber then releases the drill string  120 , and the reciprocating slips  161  are moved to the open position. The drilling operations may then resume. 
     The tubular handling equipment may further include a pipe handling manipulator (PHM)  163  disposed in association with a fingerboard  165 . Although the PHM  163  and the fingerboard  165  are shown separate and distinct from the support structure  112 , each of the PHM  163  and the fingerboard  165  may be supported by or otherwise connected with the support structure  112  or another portion of the well construction system  100 . The fingerboard  165  provides storage (e.g., temporary storage) of tubulars (or stands of two or three tubulars)  111  during various operations, such as during and between tripping out and tripping in the drill string  120 . The fingerboard  165  may comprise a rack  166  defining a plurality of slots configured to support or otherwise hold the tubulars  111 . The PHM  163  may be operable to transfer the tubulars  111  between the fingerboard  165  and the drill string  120  (i.e., space above the suspended drill string  120 ). For example, the PHM  163  may include arms  167  terminating with clamps  169 , such as may be operable to grasp and/or clamp onto one of the tubulars  111 . The arms  167  of the PHM  163  may extend and retract, and/or at least a portion of the PHM  163  may be rotatable and/or movable toward and away from the drill string  120 , such as may permit the PHM  163  to transfer the tubular  111  between the fingerboard  165  and the drill string  120 . 
     To trip out the drill string  120 , the top drive  116  is raised, the reciprocating slips  161  are closed around the drill string  120 , and the elevator  129  is closed around the drill string  120 . The grabber of the top drive  116  clamps the upper portion of the tubular made up to the drive shaft  125 . The drive shaft  125  then rotates in a direction reverse from the drilling rotation to break out the connection between the drive shaft  125  and the drill string  120 . The grabber of the top drive  116  then releases the tubular of the drill string  120 , and the drill string  120  is suspended by (at least in part) the elevator  129 . The iron roughneck  151  is moved toward the drill string  120 . The lower tong clamps onto a lower tubular below a connection of the drill string  120 , and the upper tong clamps onto an upper tubular above that connection. The upper tong then rotates the upper tubular to provide a high torque to break out the connection between the upper and lower tubulars. The spinning system then rotates the upper tubular to separate the upper and lower tubulars, such that the upper tubular is suspended above the rig floor  114  by the elevator  129 . The iron roughneck  151  then releases the drill string  120  and moves clear of the drill string  120 . 
     The PHM  163  may then move toward the drill string  120  to grasp the tubular suspended from the elevator  129 . The elevator  129  then opens to release the tubular. The PHM  163  then moves away from the drill string  120  while grasping the tubular with the clamps  169 , places the tubular in the fingerboard  165 , and releases the tubular for storage in the fingerboard  165 . This process is repeated until the intended length of drill string  120  is removed from the wellbore  102 . 
     The surface equipment  110  of the well construction system  100  may also comprise a control center  190  from which various portions of the well construction system  100 , such as the top drive  116 , the hoisting system, the tubular handling system, the drilling fluid circulation system, the well control system, the BHA  124 , among other examples, may be monitored and controlled. The control center  190  may be located on the rig floor  114  or another location of the well construction system  100 , such as the wellsite surface  104 . The control center  190  may comprise a facility  191  (e.g., a room, a cabin, a trailer, etc.) containing a control workstation  197 , which may be operated by a human wellsite operator  195  to monitor and control various wellsite equipment or portions of the well construction system  100 . The control workstation  197  may comprise or be communicatively connected with a processing device  192  (e.g., a controller, a computer, etc.), such as may be operable to receive, process, and output information to monitor operations of and provide control to one or more portions of the well construction system  100 . For example, the processing device  192  may be communicatively connected with the various surface and downhole equipment described herein, and may be operable to receive signals from and transmit signals to such equipment to perform various operations described herein. The processing device  192  may store executable program code, instructions, and/or operational parameters or set-points, including for implementing one or more aspects of methods and operations described herein. The processing device  192  may be located within and/or outside of the facility  191 . 
     The control workstation  197  may be operable for entering or otherwise communicating control commands to the processing device  192  by the wellsite operator  195 , and for displaying or otherwise communicating information from the processing device  192  to the wellsite operator  195 . The control workstation  197  may comprise a plurality of human-machine interface (HMI) devices, including one or more input devices  194  (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a joystick, a touchscreen, etc.) and one or more output devices  196  (e.g., a video monitor, a touchscreen, a printer, audio speakers, etc.). Communication between the processing device  192 , the input and output devices  194 ,  196 , and the various wellsite equipment may be via wired and/or wireless communication means. However, for clarity and ease of understanding, such communication means are not depicted, and a person having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that such communication means are within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     Well construction systems within the scope of the present disclosure may include more or fewer components than as described above and depicted in  FIG. 1 . Additionally, various equipment and/or subsystems of the well construction system  100  shown in  FIG. 1  may include more or fewer components than as described above and depicted in  FIG. 1 . For example, various engines, motors, hydraulics, actuators, valves, and/or other components not explicitly described herein may be included in the well construction system  100 , and are within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     The well construction system  100  also includes stationary and/or mobile video cameras  198  disposed or utilized at various locations within the well construction system  100 . The video cameras  198  capture videos of various portions, equipment, or subsystems of the well construction system  100 , and perhaps the wellsite operators  195  and the actions they perform, during or otherwise in association with the wellsite operations, including while performing repairs to the well construction system  100  during a breakdown. For example, the video cameras  198  may capture digital images (or video frames) of the entire well construction system  100  and/or specific portions of the well construction system  100 , such as the top drive  116 , the iron roughneck  151 , the PHM  163 , the fingerboard  165 , and/or the catwalk  131 , among other examples. The video cameras  198  generate corresponding video signals (i.e., feeds) comprising or otherwise indicative of the captured digital images. The video cameras  198  may be in signal communication with the processing device  192 , such as may permit the video signals to be processed and transmitted to the control workstation  197  and, thus, permit the wellsite operators  195  to view various portions or components of the well construction system  100  on one or more of the output devices  196 . The processing device  192  or another portion of the control workstation  197  may be operable to record the video signals generated by the video cameras  198 . 
     The present disclosure further provides various implementations of systems and/or methods for controlling one or more portions of the well construction system  100 .  FIG. 2  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of a monitoring and control system  200  for monitoring and controlling various equipment, portions, and subsystems of the well construction system  100  according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The following description refers to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , collectively. 
     The control system  200  may be in real-time communication with and utilized to monitor and/or control various portions, components, and equipment of the well construction system  100  described herein. The equipment of the well construction system  100  may be grouped into several subsystems, each operable to perform a corresponding operation and/or a portion of the well construction operations described herein. The subsystems may include a rig control (RC) system  211 , a fluid circulation (FC) system  212 , a managed pressure drilling control (MPDC) system  213 , a choke pressure control (CPC) system  214 , a well pressure control (WC) system  215 , and a closed-circuit television (CCTV) system  216 . The control workstation  197  may be utilized to monitor, configure, control, and/or otherwise operate one or more of the well construction subsystems  211 - 216 . 
     The RC system  211  may include the support structure  112 , the drill string hoisting system or equipment (e.g., the draw works  119  and the top drive  116 ), drill string drivers (e.g., the top drive  116  and/or the rotary table and kelly), the reciprocating slips  161 , the drill pipe handling system or equipment (e.g., the catwalk  131 , the PHM  163 , the fingerboard  165 , and the iron roughneck  151 ), electrical generators, and other equipment. Accordingly, the RC system  211  may perform power generation and drill pipe handling, hoisting, and rotation operations. The RC system  211  may also serve as a support platform for drilling equipment and staging ground for rig operations, such as connection make up and break out operations described above. The FC system  212  may include the drilling fluid  140 , the pumps  144 , drilling fluid loading equipment, the drilling fluid reconditioning equipment  170 , the flare stack  172 , and/or other fluid control equipment. Accordingly, the FC system  212  may perform fluid operations of the well construction system  100 . The MPDC system  213  may include the RCD  138 , the choke manifold  162 , downhole pressure sensors  186 , and/or other equipment. The CPC system  214  may comprise the choke manifold  173 , and/or other equipment, and the WC system  215  may comprise the BOP equipment  130 ,  132 ,  138 , the BOP control unit  137 , and a BOP control station (not shown) for controlling the BOP control unit  137 . The CCTV system  216  may include the video cameras  198  and corresponding actuators (e.g., motors) for moving or otherwise controlling direction of the video cameras  198 . The CCTV system  216  may be utilized to capture real-time video of various portions or subsystems  211 - 215  of the well construction system  100  and display video signals from the video cameras  198  on the video output devices  196  to display in real-time the various portions or subsystems  211 - 215 . Each of the well construction subsystems  211 - 216  may further comprise various communication equipment (e.g., modems, network interface cards, etc.) and communication conductors (e.g., cables), communicatively connecting the equipment (e.g., sensors and actuators) of each subsystem  211 - 216  with the control workstation  197  and/or other equipment. Although the wellsite equipment listed above and shown in  FIG. 1  is associated with certain wellsite subsystems  211 - 216 , such associations are merely examples that are not intended to limit or prevent such wellsite equipment from being associated with two or more wellsite subsystems  211 - 216  and/or different wellsite subsystems  211 - 216 . 
     The control system  200  may also include various local controllers  221 - 226  associated with corresponding subsystems  211 - 216  and/or individual pieces of equipment of the well construction system  100 . As described above, each well construction subsystem  211 - 216  includes various wellsite equipment comprising corresponding actuators  241 - 246  for performing operations of the well construction system  100 . Each subsystem  211 - 216  further includes various sensors  231 - 236  operable to generate sensor data indicative of operational performance and/or status of the wellsite equipment of each subsystem  211 - 216 . Although the sensors  231 - 236  and actuators  241 - 246  are each shown as a single block, it is to be understood that each sensor  231 - 236  and actuator  241 - 246  may be or comprise a plurality of sensors and actuators, whereby each actuator performs a corresponding action of a piece of equipment or subsystem  211 - 216  and each sensor generates corresponding sensor data indicative of the action performed by a corresponding actuator or of other operational parameter of the piece of equipment or subsystem  211 - 216 . 
     The local controllers  221 - 226 , the sensors  231 - 236 , and the actuators  241 - 246  may be communicatively connected with a processing device  202 . For example, the local controllers may be in communication with the sensors  231 - 236  and actuators  241 - 246  of the corresponding subsystems  211 - 216  via local communication networks (e.g., field buses, not shown) and the processing device  202  may be in communication with the subsystems  211 - 216  via a communication network  209  (e.g., data bus, a wide-area-network (WAN), a local-area-network (LAN), etc.). The sensor data (e.g., electronic signals, information, and/or measurements, etc.) generated by the sensors  231 - 236  of the subsystems  211 - 216  may be made available for use by processing device  202  and/or the local controllers  221 - 226 . Similarly, control commands (e.g., signals, information, etc.) generated by the processing device  202  and/or the local controllers  221 - 226  may be automatically communicated to the various actuators  241 - 246  of the subsystems  211 - 216 , perhaps pursuant to predetermined programming, such as to facilitate well construction operations and/or other operations described herein. The processing device  202  may be or comprise the processing device  192  shown in  FIG. 1 . Accordingly, the processing device  202  may be communicatively connected with or form a portion of the workstation  197  and/or may be at least partially located within the control center  190 . 
     The sensors  231 - 236  and actuators  241 - 246  may be monitored and/or controlled by the processing device  202 . For example, the processing device  202  may be operable to receive the sensor data from the sensors  231 - 236  of the wellsite subsystems  211 - 216  in real-time, and to provide real-time control commands to the actuators  241 - 246  of the subsystems  211 - 216  based on the received sensor data. However, certain operations of the actuators  241 - 246  may be controlled by the local controllers  221 - 226 , which may control the actuators  241 - 246  based on sensor data received from the sensors  231 - 236  and/or based on control commands received from the processing device  202 . 
     The processing devices  188 ,  192 ,  202 , the local controllers  221 - 226 , and other controllers or processing devices of the well construction system  100  may be operable to receive program code instructions and/or sensor data from sensors (e.g., sensors  231 - 236 ), process such information, and/or generate control commands to operate controllable equipment (e.g., actuators  241 - 246 ) of the well construction system  100 . Accordingly, the processing devices  188 ,  192 ,  202 , the local controllers  221 - 226 , and other controllers or processing devices of the well construction system  100  may individually or collectively be referred to hereinafter as equipment controllers. Equipment controllers within the scope of the present disclosure can include, for example, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), industrial computers (IPCs), personal computers (PCs), soft PLCs, variable frequency drives (VFDs) and/or other controllers or processing devices operable to receive sensor data and/or control commands and cause operation of controllable equipment based on such sensor data and/or control commands. 
     Various pieces of wellsite equipment described above and shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  may each comprise one or more hydraulic and/or electrical actuators, which when actuated, may cause corresponding components or portions of the piece of equipment to perform intended actions (e.g., work, tasks, movements, operations, etc.). Each such piece of equipment may further comprise a plurality of sensors, whereby one or more sensors may be associated with a corresponding actuator or another component of the piece of equipment and communicatively connected with an equipment controller. Each sensor may be operable to generate sensor data (e.g., electrical sensor signals or measurements) indicative of an operational (e.g., mechanical, physical) status of the corresponding actuator or component, thereby permitting the operational status of the actuator to be monitored by the equipment controller. The sensor data may be utilized by the equipment controller as feedback data, permitting operational control of the piece of equipment and coordination with other equipment. Such sensor data may be indicative of performance of each individual actuator and, collectively, of the entire piece of wellsite equipment. 
     The present disclosure is further directed to electronic devices supported or carried by, integrated with, or otherwise disposed in association with corresponding wearable articles, such as wristbands, gloves, safety glasses, safety hats, safety vests, overalls, jackets, and other outerwear wearable by humans (e.g., workers or personnel, such as wellsite operators and maintenance personnel). Such wearable electronic devices (i.e., wearable technology) may be operable to augment human activity at a worksite (e.g., wellsite, mining site, building construction site, etc.) or in a remotely located maintenance shop or other facility. The present disclosure is also directed to processes and/or methods of utilizing such wearable electronic devices. For example, the wearable electronic device may be utilized to detect and/or determine attributes associated with the person wearing the wearable electronic device, including the location of the person, the type of activity (e.g., job, task, etc.) being performed by the person, the number of tasks completed by the person, and the time taken to perform each task by the person, among other examples. A report listing the determined attributes and/or other information based on such attributes may then be automatically generated for a given activity or activities. The determined attributes and/or other information may then be utilized to optimize or otherwise plan maintenance activities by setting benchmarks, estimating amount of time to complete each activity, and estimating the amount of time to have the equipment available. The wearable electronic devices may also or instead be utilized to improve safety of the personnel wearing the wearable electronic devices at the worksite. For example, the wearable electronic devices may detect and/or determine if personnel at the worksite are performing unsafe actions. The wearable electronic devices can also be utilized as a feedback mechanism to identify, reduce, and/or remove safety risks at the worksite, improve situational awareness at the worksite, and/or otherwise make the worksite safer. The wearable electronic devices may direct the personnel to perform certain actions in case of an emergency or otherwise to reduce the chances of the personnel being injured. 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of a wearable electronic device  300  according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wearable electronic device  300  may be supported by, carried by, integrated with, or otherwise disposed in association with a corresponding article wearable by a human worker (i.e., a person) at a worksite. For example, the wearable electronic device  300  may be disposed in association with a wristband, gloves, safety glasses, safety hat, safety vest, overalls, jacket, and other outerwear worn by the worker. 
     The wearable electronic device  300  may comprise one or more sensors  306  operable to detect physical actions (e.g., movements, motions) performed and/or experienced by the worker. The sensors  306  may be, comprise, or be implemented by a video camera, a microphone, an accelerometer, an inertial measurement unit, a GPS signal receiver, and/or a position locator among other examples. The camera may be operable to capture digital video and/or images of the worker and/or objects (e.g., equipment) with which the worker interacts. The microphone may be operable to capture the worker&#39;s voice and sounds generated by the objects with which the worker interacts. The accelerometer may be operable to detect movements and/or forces exerted or experienced by the worker. The inertial measurement unit (IMU) may be operable to measure or otherwise detect specific force, angular rate, and/or position performed or experienced by the worker. The GPS signal receiver may be operable to receive or acquire location information from a GPS satellite. The GPS signal receiver, the IMU, the position locator, and/or another feature of the wearable electronic device  300  may utilize location information to determine time-stamped geographical location of the wearable electronic device  300  and, thus, the associated (e.g., co-located) worker wearing the wearable electronic device  300 . Each sensor  306  may be operable to generate corresponding sensor data (e.g., sensor signals or information) indicative of the detected physical actions performed and/or experienced by the worker. 
     The wearable electronic device  300  may further comprise one or more output devices  308  operable to output sensory signals to be perceived (e.g., seen, heard, felt) by the worker. The sensory signals may be indicative of physical movements or actions to be performed by the worker. For example, the sensory signals may indicate to the worker to finish work, to leave an area, to walk to a different location, to walk in a certain direction, and to become aware of a specific object and/or general surroundings, among other examples. The output devices  308  may be or comprise one or more light emitting devices (e.g., light emitting diodes (LEDs)) operable to output visual (e.g., light) signals to be seen by the worker. The light emitting devices may be operable to selectively output light having different colors and/or at different frequencies or intervals. The output devices  308  may be or comprise audio emitting devices (e.g., speakers) operable to output audio (e.g., sound, voice) signals to be heard by the worker. The audio emitting devices may be operable to selectively output sounds having different pitch (i.e., frequency) and volume, and/or at different intervals. The output devices  308  may be or comprise vibration emitting devices (e.g., piezoelectric actuators) operable to output vibration (e.g., force) signals to be felt by the worker. The vibration emitting devices may be operable to selectively output vibrations having different amplitudes and frequencies, and/or at different intervals. 
     The wearable electronic device  300  may also comprise a transceiver  302  operable to transmit and/or receive information (e.g., sensor data, control commands) via a wireless communication network, such as Wi-Fi, a mobile telecommunication cellular network, or a satellite communication network. The transceiver  302  may be or comprise a Wi-Fi transceiver, a very small aperture terminal (VSAT), a cellular network transceiver, a satellite transceiver, and/or another communication device operable to communicate via a wireless communication network. The wearable electronic device  300  may also comprise a memory device  304  (e.g., flash memory) operable to store electronic information (e.g., sensor data, control commands). 
     The wearable electronic device  300  may also comprise a controller  310  in communication with the devices  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 . The controller  310  may be or comprise a processing device having a processor and a memory device for storing executable computer program code, such as may include machine-readable coded instructions that, when executed by the processor, may cause the controller  310  to perform or to cause to be performed at least portions of methods and processes described herein. The controller  310  may be operable to cause the output devices  308  to output the sensory signals based on the physical actions performed and/or experienced by the worker detected by the sensors  306 . For example, the controller  310  may be operable to receive the sensor data generated by the sensors  306 , process the sensor data, and generate or otherwise output control commands to the output devices  308  to cause the output devices  308  to output the sensory signals based on the sensor data. The controller  310  may be operable to save the sensor data, the control commands, and/or other processed data on the memory device  304 . The memory device  304  may also be utilized to run edge analytics on the stored information. The processing of the sensor data by the processor of the controller  310  may include various data analysis techniques to detect or determine actions performed by the worker. The wearable electronic device  300  may comprise a local energy storage device, such as a battery  312 , which may supply the components  302 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310  of the wearable electronic device  300  with electrical power. 
     The components  302 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312  of the wearable electronic device  300  may be integrated as a single member, device, or unit (e.g., contained within a single housing). However, one or more of the components  302 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312  of the wearable electronic device  300  may be physically separated from, but operatively connected with, the other of the components  302 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 . For example, the various sensors  306  and/or output devices  308  may be disjoined from the transceiver  302 , the controller  310 , and/or the battery  312  when disposed in association with a wearable article. However, the components  302 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312  may be communicatively and/or electrically connected (e.g., via electrical wires) together. 
     Processing of the sensor data and/or generation of the control commands may also or instead be performed by a remote processing device  320  located at a remote location from the wearable electronic device  300 . The processing device  320  may be communicatively connected with a memory device  328  (e.g., flash memory) operable to store electronic information (e.g., sensor data, control commands). The remote processing device  320  may be communicatively connected (e.g., via a wired connection) with a transceiver  322 , which in turn, may be communicatively connected with the transceiver  302  via a wireless communication network, such as a Wi-Fi network, a mobile telecommunication cellular network, and/or a satellite communication network. The remote processing device  320  may be or comprise a processing device having a processor and a memory device for storing executable computer program code, such as may include machine-readable coded instructions that, when executed by the processor, may cause the remote processing device  320  to perform or to cause to be performed at least portions of methods and processes described herein. The remote processing device  320  may be operable to receive the sensor data generated by the sensors  306  via the transceivers  302 ,  322 , process the sensor data, and generate or otherwise output control commands to the output devices  308  via the transceivers  302 ,  322  to cause the output devices  308  to output sensory signals based on the sensor data. The processing device  320  may be operable to save the sensor data, the control commands, and/or other processed data on the memory device  328 . The processing of the sensor data by the processor of the remote processing device  320  may include various data analysis techniques to detect or determine actions performed by the worker. The processing device  320  may be or form at least a portion of the processing device  192  shown in  FIG. 1  and/or the processing device  202  shown in  FIG. 2 . The wearable electronic device  300 , the transceiver  322 , and the processing device  320  may collectively be or form at least a portion of a wireless computing system  330 . 
     The processing device  320  may be connected with or comprise one or more input devices  324 , such as may permit a worker to enter data and/or commands to the processing device  320 . The input devices  324  may be, comprise, or be implemented by a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, a track-pad, a trackball, an isopoint, and/or a voice recognition system, among other examples. The processing device  320  may be connected with or comprise one or more output devices  326 , such as may permit the worker to receive information from the processing device  320 . The output devices  326  may be, comprise, or be implemented by a video display device (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or cathode ray tube display (CRT)), a touchscreen, and/or speakers, among other examples. 
       FIGS. 4-7  are schematic views of example implementations of wearable electronic devices  502 ,  504 ,  506 ,  508  according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure supported or carried by, integrated with, or otherwise disposed in association with a corresponding wearable article. Each article with the associated wearable electronic device  502 ,  504 ,  506 ,  508  may be worn by a human worker at a worksite, such as the wellsite  104  shown in  FIG. 1 . The wearable electronic devices  502 ,  504 ,  506 ,  508  may each comprise one or more features and/or modes of operation of the wearable electronic device  300  shown in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 4  shows the wearable electronic device  502  disposed in association with safety glasses  512 . The wearable electronic device  502  may comprise one or more sensors operable to detect physical actions (e.g., movements, motions) performed and/or experienced by the worker wearing the glasses  512 . The wearable electronic device  502  may further comprise one or more output devices operable to output sensory signals to be perceived (e.g., seen, heard, felt) by the worker wearing the glasses  512 . For example, the output devices may be or comprise light emitting devices  514  (e.g., light emitting diodes (LEDs)) operable to output visual (e.g., light) signals to be seen by the worker and/or an audio speaker  516  operable to output audio signals to be heard by the worker. The light emitting devices  514  may be separate from, but electrically and/or communicatively connected with, the remaining portion of the wearable electronic device  502  comprising one or more of a transceiver, sensors, a controller, and a battery, as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 5  shows the wearable electronic device  504  disposed in association with a safety hat  522 . The wearable electronic device  504  may comprise one or more sensors operable to detect physical actions performed and/or experienced by the worker wearing the hat  522 . The wearable electronic device  504  may further comprise one or more output devices operable to output sensory signals to be perceived by the worker wearing the hat  522 . For example, the output devices may be or comprise light emitting devices  524  operable to output visual signals to be seen by the worker and/or an audio speaker  526  operable to output audio signals to be heard by the worker. The light emitting devices  524  and/or the audio speaker  626  may be separate from, but electrically and/or communicatively connected with, the remaining portion of the wearable electronic device  504  comprising one or more of a transceiver, sensors, a controller, and a battery, as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 6  shows the wearable electronic device  506  disposed in association with a safety vest  532 . The wearable electronic device  506  may comprise one or more sensors operable to detect physical actions performed and/or experienced by the worker wearing the vest  522 . The wearable electronic device  506  may further comprise one or more output devices operable to output sensory signals to be perceived by the worker wearing the vest  532 . For example, the output devices may be or comprise light emitting devices  534  operable to output visual signals to be seen by the worker and/or audio speakers  536  operable to output audio signals to be heard by the worker. The light emitting devices  534  and/or audio speakers  536  may be separate from, but electrically and/or communicatively connected with, the remaining portion of the wearable electronic device  506  comprising one or more of a transceiver, sensors, a controller, and a battery, as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 7  shows the wearable electronic device  508  disposed in association with a wrist band  542 . The wearable electronic device  508  may comprise one or more sensors operable to detect physical actions performed and/or experienced by the worker wearing the band  542 . The wearable electronic device  508  may further comprise one or more output devices operable to output sensory signals to be perceived by the worker wearing the band  542 . For example, the output devices may be or comprise light emitting devices  544  operable to output visual signals to be seen by the worker wearing the band  542  and/or an audio speaker  546  operable to output audio signals to be heard by the worker. Although not show in  FIG. 7 , the wearable electronic device  508  may further comprise one or more of a transceiver, sensors, a controller, and a battery, as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 8  is a schematic view of example implementation of wearable electronic devices  602  according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure utilized at the well construction system  100  (e.g., drill rig) shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , and communicatively connected with various portions of the well construction system  100  via a wireless communication network  600 . The wearable electronic devices  602  may each comprise one or more features and/or modes of operation of the wearable electronic devices  300 ,  502 ,  504 ,  506 ,  508  shown in  FIGS. 3-7 . The wearable electronic devices  602  may be disposed in association with wristbands, gloves, safety glasses, safety hats, safety vests, overalls, jackets, and other outerwear to be worn by a human worker  195  (e.g., a roughneck or another wellsite operator). The well construction system  100  represents an example worksite in which the wearable electronic devices  602  according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented. Thus, it is to be understood that the wearable electronic devices  602  may be implemented in other well construction systems, mining sites, building construction sites, manufacturing facilities, maintenance (e.g., repair) facilities, and/or other environments in which automated machines or equipment are utilized. The following description refers to  FIGS. 1, 2, and 8  collectively. 
     The wireless communication network  600  may comprise a plurality of wireless access points  610  (e.g., wireless base stations) disposed at various locations of the well construction system  100  and a communication satellite  611  communicatively connected with each other. For example, one or more of the wireless access points  610  may be mounted to the wellsite structure  112 , the rig floor  114 , and/or other equipment. One or more of the wireless access points  610  may also or instead be mounted at various locations along the wellsite surface  104 . A processing device  612  and a plurality of local controllers  614  may be communicatively connected with and operable to control various automated wellsite equipment  616  of the well construction system  100  collectively operable to construct the oil and/or gas wellbore  102 . The automated equipment  616  may include, for example, the iron roughneck  151 , the PHM  163 , the draw works  119  (actuating the vertical movement of the top drive  116 ), the reciprocating slips  161 , the catwalk  131 , and the solids and gas control equipment  170 , among other examples. The wireless access points  610  may be electrically connected (i.e., wired) with the processing device  612  and the local controllers  614  via a wired communication network  618  and/or via a wireless communication network (not shown). The processing device  612  may be or comprise one or more of the processing devices  192 ,  202 ,  320  shown in  FIGS. 1-3 , respectively, the equipment controllers  614  may be or comprise the local equipment controllers  221 - 226  shown in  FIG. 2 , and each wireless access point  610  may be or comprise the transceiver  322  shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     Each wearable electronic device  602  may comprise a wireless transmitter and/or receiver (e.g., a transceiver) operable to wirelessly communicate with one or more wireless access points  610  and/or the communication satellite  611 . Communication between the wireless access points  610  and the wearable electronic devices  602  may be facilitated via a wireless connection, such as radio frequency signals (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, cellular network, and the like). Each wearable electronic device  602  may, thus, be communicatively connected with the processing device  612  and the local controllers  614  via at least the wireless communication network  600  and the wired communication network  618 . 
     The wearable electronic devices  602  and/or the processing device  612  may comprise a processor and a memory device for storing executable computer program code, such as may include machine-readable coded instructions that, when executed by the processor, may cause the wearable electronic devices  602  and/or the processing device  612  to perform or to cause to be performed at least portions of methods and processes described herein. For example, the processor of the wearable electronic devices  602  and/or of the processing device  612  may be operable to receive sensor data generated by sensors of the wearable electronic devices  602 , process the sensor data, and generate or otherwise output control commands to output devices of the wearable electronic devices  602  to cause the output devices to output sensory signals to be perceived by the worker  195  based on the sensor data. The processor of the wearable electronic devices  602  and/or of the processing device  612  may also or instead be operable to receive the sensor data generated by the sensors of the wearable electronic devices  602 , process the sensor data, and generate or otherwise output control commands to the local controllers  614  to control an associated piece of wellsite equipment  616  based on the sensor data. 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic view of at least a portion of an example implementation of a processing device or system  700  according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The processing system  700  may be or form at least a portion of one or more of the processing devices  192 ,  202 ,  320 ,  612 , the controllers  221 - 226 ,  310 ,  614 , and/or the wearable electronic devices  300 ,  502 ,  504 ,  506 ,  508 ,  602  shown in one or more of  FIGS. 1-8 . Accordingly, the following description refers to  FIGS. 1-9 , collectively. 
     The processing system  700  may be or comprise, for example, one or more processors, controllers, special-purpose computing devices, PCs (e.g., desktop, laptop, and/or tablet computers), personal digital assistants, smartphones, IPCs, PLCs, servers, internet appliances, and/or other types of computing devices. Although it is possible that the entirety of the processing system  700  is implemented within one device, it is also contemplated that one or more components or functions of the processing system  700  may be implemented across multiple devices, some or an entirety of which may be at the worksite (e.g., wellsite) and/or remote from the worksite. 
     The processing system  700  may comprise a processor  712 , such as a general-purpose programmable processor. The processor  712  may comprise a local memory  714 , and may execute machine-readable and executable program code instructions  732  (i.e., computer program code) present in the local memory  714  and/or another memory device. The processor  712  may execute, among other things, the program code instructions  732  and/or other instructions and/or programs to implement the example methods, processes, and/or operations described herein. For example, the program code instructions  732 , when executed by the processor  712  of the processing system  700 , may cause the processor  712  to receive and process sensor data, and output control commands or other information to one or more portions of the wearable electronic devices to perform example methods and/or operations described herein. The program code instructions  732 , when executed by the processor  712  of the processing system  700 , may also or instead cause one or more portions or pieces of worksite (e.g., wellsite) equipment to perform the example methods and/or operations described herein. The processor  712  may be, comprise, or be implemented by one or more processors of various types suitable to the local application environment, and may include one or more of general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and processors based on a multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. Examples of the processor  712  include one or more INTEL microprocessors, microcontrollers from the ARM and/or PICO families of microcontrollers, embedded soft/hard processors in one or more FPGAs. 
     The processor  712  may be in communication with a main memory  716 , such as may include a volatile memory  718  and a non-volatile memory  720 , perhaps via a bus  722  and/or other communication means. The volatile memory  718  may be, comprise, or be implemented by random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), RAMBUS dynamic random access memory (RDRAM), and/or other types of random access memory devices. The non-volatile memory  720  may be, comprise, or be implemented by read-only memory, flash memory, and/or other types of memory devices. One or more memory controllers (not shown) may control access to the volatile memory  718  and/or non-volatile memory  720 . 
     The processing system  700  may also comprise an interface circuit  724 , which is in communication with the processor  712 , such as via the bus  722 . The interface circuit  724  may be, comprise, or be implemented by various types of standard interfaces, such as an Ethernet interface, a universal serial bus (USB), a third generation input/output (3GIO) interface, a wireless interface, a cellular interface, and/or a satellite interface, among others. The interface circuit  724  may comprise a graphics driver card. The interface circuit  724  may comprise a communication device, such as a modem or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external computing devices via a network (e.g., Ethernet connection, digital subscriber line (DSL), telephone line, coaxial cable, cellular telephone system, satellite, etc.). 
     The processing system  700  may be in communication with various video cameras, sensors, actuators, equipment controllers, and other devices via the interface circuit  724 . The interface circuit  724  can facilitate communications between the processing system  700  and one or more devices by utilizing one or more communication protocols, such as an Ethernet-based network protocol (such as ProfiNET, OPC, OPC/UA, Modbus TCP/IP, EtherCAT, UDP multicast, Siemens S7 communication, or the like), a proprietary communication protocol, and/or another communication protocol. 
     One or more input devices  726  may also be connected to the interface circuit  724 . The input devices  726  may permit workers  195  to enter the program code instructions  732 , which may be or comprise control commands, operational parameters, and/or operational set-points. The program code instructions  732  may further comprise modeling or predictive routines, equations, algorithms, processes, applications, and/or other programs operable to perform example methods and/or operations described herein. The input devices  726  may be, comprise, or be implemented by a keyboard, a mouse, a joystick, a touchscreen, a track-pad, a trackball, an isopoint, and/or a voice recognition system, among other examples. One or more output devices  728  may also be connected to the interface circuit  724 . The output devices  728  may permit for visualization or other sensory perception of various data, such as sensor data, status data, and/or other example data. The output devices  728  may be, comprise, or be implemented by video output devices (e.g., an LCD, an LED display, a CRT display, a touchscreen, etc.), printers, and/or speakers, among other examples. The one or more input devices  726  and the one or more output devices  728  connected to the interface circuit  724  may, at least in part, facilitate the HMIs described herein. 
     The processing system  700  may comprise a mass storage device  730  for storing data and program code instructions  732 . The mass storage device  730  may be connected to the processor  712 , such as via the bus  722 . The mass storage device  730  may be or comprise a tangible, non-transitory storage medium, such as a floppy disk drive, a hard disk drive, a compact disk (CD) drive, and/or digital versatile disk (DVD) drive, among other examples. The processing system  700  may be communicatively connected with an external storage medium  734  via the interface circuit  724 . The external storage medium  734  may be or comprise a removable storage medium (e.g., a CD or DVD), such as may be operable to store data and program code instructions  732 . 
     As described above, the program code instructions  732  may be stored in the mass storage device  730 , the main memory  716 , the local memory  714 , and/or the removable storage medium  734 . Thus, the processing system  700  may be implemented in accordance with hardware (perhaps implemented in one or more chips including an integrated circuit, such as an ASIC), or may be implemented as software or firmware for execution by the processor  712 . In the case of firmware or software, the implementation may be provided as a computer program product including a non-transitory, computer-readable medium or storage structure embodying computer program code instructions  732  (i.e., software or firmware) thereon for execution by the processor  712 . The program code instructions  732  may include program instructions or computer program code that, when executed by the processor  712 , may perform and/or cause performance of example methods, processes, and/or operations described herein. 
     The present disclosure is further directed to various methods, processes, and/or operations performed or otherwise facilitated by a wearable electronic device comprising and/or communicatively connected with a processing device executing program code instructions according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wearable electronic device may be utilized, for example, to identify or determine location of a human worker wearing the wearable electronic device. Referring again to  FIG. 8 , the processing device  612  and/or the processing device of the wearable electronic devices  602  may be operable to utilize trilateration techniques to determine three dimensional (3-D) location of the wearable electronic devices  602  at the wellsite  104 , such as by utilizing communication signals transmitted between the wearable electronic devices  602 , the wireless access points  610 , and/or the communication satellite  611 . The 3-D location of the wearable electronic devices  602  can be utilized to determine the location of the workers  195  wearing the wearable electronic devices  602 . The 3-D location information may be overlaid onto an engineering 3-D model of the worksite (e.g., drill rig) or a workshop, thereby facilitating determination of the location of the workers  195  with respect to various equipment at the worksite and/or the workshop. 
     Each piece of equipment at the worksite has a typical set of activities being performed on it either during operations or during maintenance events. A wearable electronic device comprising and/or communicatively connected with a processing device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be further utilized to determine worksite activities being performed by a human worker. For example, the processing device may be operable to build, compile, or otherwise generate a database of activities indicative of operational and/or maintenance events associated with various pieces of equipment at the worksite. Signatures of actions or events performed and/or experienced by the worker in association with various pieces of equipment can be recorded to the database via a wearable electronic device. The recorded signatures may comprise various movements, activities (e.g., type of work or job being performed), events, and/or other attributes including, but not limited to when the activities are performed, time spent for each activity being performed, location of a piece of equipment, orientation of a piece of equipment while the activity is being performed, and movements made by the worker while an activity is being performed, among other examples. The database of signatures may be recorded, compiled, or otherwise generated to identify the type of activity being performed. For example, the signatures may be stored (i.e., recorded) in association with information indicative of the type of worksite activities being performed by the worker. Thereafter, current signatures indicative of physical actions currently performed by the worker that are detected by the sensors of the wearable electronic device may be compared to the stored signatures associated with known worksite activities and/or against a predetermined or planned activity. The current worksite activity performed by the worker may then be determined based on the comparison of the current signatures with the stored signatures and/or the predetermined or planned activity. The database of signatures and other information may be recorded on one or more memory devices, such as the mass storage device  730  and/or the external storage device  734 . 
       FIG. 10  is a schematic side view of example implementation of a mud pump  144  of the well construction system  100  shown in  FIG. 1  implemented as a triplex mud pump  800 . The following description is directed to generating an example database of activities associated with maintenance events relating to the triplex mud pump  800 . The pump  800  is shown comprising a power section  802  and a fluid section  804 . The power section  802  is where rotary input motion is converted into reciprocating output, which powers three pistons of the fluid section  804 . The fluid section  804  is where the action of the pistons causes drilling fluid to be sucked into fluid chambers and then pressurized to an intended pressure before the drilling fluid is transferred to a discharge manifold. 
     Each component on the pump  800  has a unique position in 3-D space. Unique signatures of actions or events performed by a human worker  195  on the pump  800  can be recorded on a memory device of a wearable electronic device  806  and/or to a database on a remote memory device  805  (e.g., historian) via the wearable electronic device  806  according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The signatures of actions or events performed or experienced by the worker  195  may be communicated to the database via a wireless and/or wired networks  600 ,  618 . The signatures of actions or events performed by the human worker  195  may be compared to signatures of action or events of planned or predetermined maintenance activities, which may also be saved on the wearable electronic device memory and/or the database. The planned or predetermined maintenance activities may comprise, for example, draining and cleaning the power section sump, which includes draining of oil via a crankcase oil drain  808  and refilling the oil through an oil level dipstick port  810 , which may be a semi-annual recommendation by the manufacturer. Such activity may include a plurality of movements or actions by the worker  195  (e.g., movements of the wearable electronic device  806 ) indicated by a series of coordinates (x 1   (1) -x n   (1) , y 1   (1) -y n   (1) , z 1   (1) -z n   (1) ) in 3-D space, which will collectively take a certain amount of time on average. The coordinates associated with the activity of maintaining the power section sump may be different from the maintenance activity of removing and cleaning valve covers  812  on the fluid section  804 , which may be a bi-weekly recommendation by the manufacturer, indicated by a series of coordinates (x 1   (2) -x n   (2) , y 1   (2) -y n   (2) , z 1   (2) -z n   (2) ) in 3-D space. Furthermore, the location and orientation of the worker  195  performing each activity are different. Coordinates of the wearable electronic device  806  in 3-D space may be determined via trilateration techniques, such as by utilizing communication signals transmitted between the wearable electronic devices  806 , the wireless access points  610 , and/or the communication satellite  611  (shown in  FIG. 8 ). After the database of various signatures (e.g., attributes) at a worksite associated (i.e., linked) with corresponding known activities or other events performed and/or experienced at the worksite (perhaps with other contextual data) is compiled or generated, the movements or actions being currently performed by the worker  195  may be compared to or otherwise analyzed with respect to those stored in the wearable electronic device memory and/or database to determine the activity being currently performed by the worker  195 . 
     Operational benchmarks can be set or otherwise determined for each activity performed at the worksite based on the information compiled in the database. Operational benchmarks can help in operational planning and optimizing maintenance activities. The performed activities captured within the database may be utilized to optimize or otherwise change layout of a maintenance shop or an area on the worksite (e.g., a drill rig) to improve efficiency of the activities that are performed most often. 
     In response to untimely equipment failures, troubleshooting process may include the following set of steps: 1) identifying symptoms, 2) defining the problem, 3) finding the root cause, 4) selecting the solution and identifying the resources, 5) implementing the solution, and 6) evaluating the success. Different solutions may be attempted, thus, steps 4)-6) may be repeated until the achieved success is as intended or otherwise sufficient. It may be difficult to quantify or predict the amount of time it takes to identify the root cause and implement a solution, thus, making it difficult to predict when a piece of equipment will be available for use. However, the steps of identifying the root cause of a problem and implementing a solution to the problem can be optimized based on past activities performed and recorded in the database when similar symptoms were detected (e.g., seen). Thus, recording the maintenance activities performed in association with or in the context of similar symptoms experienced by the piece of equipment can optimize or improve predictability of the availability of equipment. 
     A wearable electronic device comprising and/or communicatively connected with a processing device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be further utilized to detect, identify, and/or determine worksite health, safety, and environment (HSE) incidents, accidents, and/or other events experienced by human workers.  FIGS. 11 and 12  are a schematic views of slipping and tripping HSE events  902 ,  904 , respectively, which may be detected, identified, and/or determined by a wearable electronic device and/or a processing device. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , a slip  902  may be defined as a heel  910  of a foot  912  of a worker  195  moving forward  914  along a floor surface  916  due to inadequate friction while the torso  918  moves backward  920 . A slip  902  indicates an undesirable floor condition which may be caused by, for example, a spill or a condition (e.g., black ice or rain) caused by weather. Slipping  902  may result in the worker  195  falling to the floor  916  or the worker  195  may regain their balance. As shown in  FIG. 12 , a trip  904  may be caused by the foot  912  encountering an obstruction  922  during the swing phase of the foot  912 , resulting in the worker&#39;s  195  center of mass moving forward  924  beyond the base of support, thereby disrupting the worker&#39;s equilibrium. If the balance recovery mechanism does not work, it may result in the worker  195  falling to the floor  916 . Both of these events  902 ,  904  may trigger an HSE investigation. The type, location, and/or time of the HSE events may be determined and/or recorded via one or more wearable electronic devices  906 , facilitating corrective actions to be implemented, such as to prevent similar HSE events in the future. 
     A sensor (e.g., an accelerometer) of a wearable electronic device  906  associated with a safety hat  920  may indicate acceleration and another sensor (e.g., an IMU) of the wearable electronic device  906  associated with the safety hat  920  may indicate direction of movement, which collectively may be utilized to determine nature (i.e., type) of the fall. The same sensors may be implemented in wearable electronic devices  906  associated with a safety vest and/or a wristband, among other examples. 
     Both magnitude and direction of movement of the wearable electronic devices  906  from an initial position (x, y, z) to a final or otherwise subsequent position (x′, y′, z′) may be tracked to determine both the type and severity of the slip  902  and trip  904 . For example, a change in “z” axis may be utilized to determine the magnitude of the movement, and changes in “x” and “y” axes may be utilized to determine the direction and, hence, the type of HSE event. It is to be noted that the rate of change of position and/or rate of change of velocity may also be utilized. For example, change in state of the worker  195  at time t and time t−1 may be determined using one or more of Equations (1)-(3). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     A database of various movements or actions experienced by workers  195  associated (i.e., linked) with information indicative of the type of worksite HSE events (e.g., slips, trips, or other falls) experienced by the workers  195  at the worksite, perhaps with other contextual data, may be compiled or generated. Thereafter, current movements or actions experienced by the worker  195  may be compared to or otherwise analyzed with respect to those stored in the database to determine the worksite HSE event that is currently being experienced by the worker  195 . The locations of the recorded worksite HSE events may also be recorded in the database. Remedial measures may be performed at locations associated with frequent worksite HSE events to make those locations safer and, thus, decrease the chances of additional worksite HSE events. Also, the wearable electronic devices  906  may be operated to warn the workers  195  approaching locations of frequent or potential worksite HSE hazards, such as by outputting lights, sounds, vibrations, and/or other sensory signals to be perceived by the workers  195 . 
     When an unintended worksite HSE event, such as a fall or a trip is detected by the wearable electronic device  906 , audio and/or video features, such as the video cameras  198  shown in  FIGS. 1 and 8 , may be automatically activated to record the worksite HSE event. Audio and/or video features (e.g., microphone, video camera) of the wearable electronic device  906  may also or instead be automatically activated to record the worksite HSE event and/or transmit the corresponding sensor signals to a processing device (e.g., processing device  612 ,  700  shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , respectively). The sensor signals may then trigger an alarm for HSE manager to take appropriate action. The audio and/or video signals may help in the investigation of the circumstances surrounding the worksite HSE event until help arrives. For example, an audio communication established with the affected worker  195  may indicate that he or she is conscious, and no reply may indicate that the worker  195  is unconscious. 
     Bureau of Labor Statistics published information indicating that around 200,000 cases of workplace back injuries are reported annually, with lower back injuries being the most common form. About two thirds of the lower back injuries were caused by or otherwise associated with manual lifting activities. The primary contributor for such lower back injuries is improper lifting technique. Thus, lower back injuries in the workplace may be reduced by utilizing proper lifting techniques. 
     A wearable electronic device comprising and/or communicatively connected with a processing device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be further utilized to identify or determine improper lifting techniques at the worksite. When improper lifting technique is utilized by a worker, a wearable electronic device may output a sensory signal (e.g., light, sound, vibration) to warn the wearer of improper lifting technique. The wearable electronic device may be disposed in association with a safety hat, a safety vest, a wristband, and/or other article of clothing. 
       FIGS. 13 and 14  are schematic views of example proper and improper lifting techniques  932 ,  934 , respectively, which may be detected, identified, and/or determined by one or more wearable electronic devices  906  according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Each figure shows an initial, an intermediate, and a final position of the proper  932  and improper  934  lifts of an item  936  (e.g., a box, a piece of equipment, a tool, etc.). Each figure further shows a trace of an elliptical trajectory of motion  942 ,  944  of a wearable electronic device  906  associated with a safety vest or otherwise located in association with a worker&#39;s  195  torso while the worker  195  progresses through the positions of each lift  932 ,  934 . 
     Lifting techniques  932 ,  934  performed by the worker  195  may be evaluated for proper form by analyzing eccentricity of the elliptical motion  942 ,  944  of the wearable electronic device  906 .  FIG. 15  is a schematic view of an ellipse  950  and its components utilized to model the elliptical motion  942 ,  944  of the wearable electronic device  906  while the worker  195  is lifting the item  936 . Symbol h is a vertical distance (i.e., height) the wearable electronic device  906  is moved while the worker  195  is lifting the item  936  and symbol l is the horizontal (i.e., lateral) distance the wearable electronic device  906  is moved while the worker  195  is lifting the item  936 . The vertical h and horizontal l distances may be determined by tracking movement of the wearable electronic device  906 , such as via an IMU, a GPS receiver, and/or trilateration techniques described above. Symbol c is a distance between the center  952  and a focus  954  of the ellipse  950  and symbol d is a distance between the focus  954  and a vertex  956  of the ellipse  950 . Eccentricity e of the ellipse  950  may be determined by utilizing Equation (4). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
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     where c 2 =h 2 −l 2 . Accordingly, Equation (4) may be rewritten as Equation (5). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
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     Eccentricity e of the ellipse  950  may be utilized to determine the lateral distance l. Thus, a decrease in eccentricity e results in increase in the horizontal distance l. Accordingly, by computing and monitoring the eccentricity e of lifting motion of a worker  195 , proper lifting technique compliance may be monitored and/or enforced. 
     Published or otherwise known safety statistics or guidelines indicate that for a lifting motion having a vertical distance h of 0.762 meters (2.50 feet), the corresponding horizontal distance l of the lifting motion should be between about 0.03 meters (0.10 feet) and about 0.152 meters (0.50 feet). Utilizing such vertical h and horizontal l distances in Equation (5) indicates that lifting techniques having eccentricity e ranging between about 0.98 and about 1.00 may be deemed as being performed in a safe or otherwise proper manner. 
     Lifting technique eccentricity e performed by workers  195  at the worksite may be monitored in real-time during a workday. If a processing device determines that a worker  195  is utilizing an improper lifting technique, the processing device may cause the wearable electronic device  906  to output a sensory signal (e.g., light, sound, vibration) to warn the worker  195  of improper lifting technique. Lifting history of each worker  195  may be saved in a database. Frequent history of utilizing improper lifting technique may result in the worker  195  being reprimanded and/or retrained in proper lifting techniques. 
     A wearable electronic device comprising and/or communicatively connected with a processing device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be further utilized to detect, identify, and/or determine when a worker is in a state of reduced alertness or sleep based on the detected physical actions performed and/or experienced by the worker, and to output sensory signals to induce alertness in the worker. A human head is typically in a state of motion. Such motions are random both in terms of direction and amplitude. During the onset of boredom or sleep, the movement of the head may slow down and then the head tends to move in a particular direction. Head control diminishes while the worker enters a sleeping state. Head and neck muscles relax and the head tends to drop due to gravity. Such movement is controlled by gravity and, thus, rate of change of head position is different than head movements made deliberately by the worker. 
     Head motions can be recorded by utilizing a wearable electronic device comprising an IMU or another position and/or orientation sensor disposed in association with a safety hat or another wearable article that may be supported by the human head. The sensor may detect and/or record subtle movements of the head along with macro movements, which may be fed into the processing device (e.g., a kinematic analyzer). The processing device may then detect if the worker&#39;s head movement is indicative of an alert state or a state of reduced alertness or sleep. 
     When a wearable electronic device detects a decreasing alertness or loss of alertness, an output device may be caused to output a sensory signal (e.g., light, sound, vibration) to warn the worker that he or she is losing alertness. If the worker does not respond by a way of deliberate movement of the head, other alarms at the worksite may be activated and/or a message may be passed to other worksite personnel to take appropriate action. Such functionality may also be utilized as an “operator presence control” indicator, such as to organize emergency relief in case of a worksite HSE event with respect to the worker wearing the wearable electronic device. 
     A wearable electronic device comprising and/or communicatively connected with a processing device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be further utilized to change operation of a piece of equipment at the worksite based on determined location of the wearable electronic device at the worksite. With technological advancements in the field of automation, human workers and machines are increasingly working side by side. Traditionally, when machines operate, workers are kept away to minimize the risk of accidents. However, while performing maintenance, workers are in close proximity to the machines. Accordingly, typical safety procedures include locking or shutting down an entire work area or large number of machines to prevent accidents. 
     A wearable electronic device may facilitate determination of location and/or direction of motion of workers. Accordingly, when a processing device determines that a worker is in close proximity or approaching certain automated machines, the processing device may cause one or more machines to shut down, or change the range, direction, and/or envelope of motion of the machines to accommodate the worker, such as within a predetermined buffer zone around the worker and, thus, permit the worker to perform intended work adjacent the affected machines. The processing device may also or instead generate sensory signals indicative of danger posed by the machines that are near the worker or along the worker&#39;s path. The sensory signals outputted by a wearable electronic device may, thus, be based on the determined location of the wearable electronic device. 
     Wellsite operations often include movement of several pieces of equipment and movement of the drill rig itself. Knowledge of the location and orientation of the wearable electronic device and, hence, the worker wearing it, can help optimize such operations by alerting the worker if he or she is in the critical path defined for the movement of the equipment. The processing device may, thus, be further operable to cause the output devices of a wearable electronic device to generate sensory signals indicative of danger posed by pieces of equipment that are moving toward the worker wearing the wearable electronic device. 
     In the event of a collision or another accident involving a piece of equipment, the video and/or audio sensors of the wearable electronic device and/or at the worksite, such as the video cameras  198 , can be automatically turned on to record the accident. Such trigger can be based on fall detection identified by rapid change in height of the wearable electronic device, which may be detected by sensors (e.g., a piezoelectric sensor, an accelerometer) measuring sudden release of pressure or increased acceleration when the worker falls or the wearable electronic device is dropped. When triggered, the audio and/or video data being streamed to the processing device can be utilized to carry out a timely and appropriate response. 
     A wearable electronic device comprising and/or communicatively connected with a processing device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be further utilized to direct or instruct movement (e.g., walking, crawling) of the worker wearing the wearable electronic device in a predetermined manner to help the worker reach safety. For example, during major HSE events, such as an explosion, fire, and/or release of poisonous gas, the wearable electronic device may be utilized to help workers escape or mitigate injuries. During a fire in an enclosed space, visibility typically decreases because of smoke and distortion of human senses (e.g., disorientation), which may prevent workers from finding their way out of a building. Similarly, when toxic gasses (e.g., carbon monoxide) fill a room or building, worker senses may be reduced, preventing the workers from finding an exit. In both cases, gases tend to move upward away from the floor. A recommended course of action for avoiding asphyxiation is to crawl along the floor toward an exit. However, under poor or no light conditions, such action may be challenging. 
     A wearable electronic device comprising a plurality of lights may be utilized during a major HSE event to indicate to a worker in which direction to move. An object map in 3-D may be programmed into a processing device and, perhaps based on the location of work to be accomplished, a subset of such 3-D map may be pushed to the wearable electronic device. Thus, when the worker moves around the worksite (e.g., workspace), the lights on the wearable electronic device may change colors, direction, brightness, etc., thereby indicating, for example, if the worker&#39;s face or back is facing an exit and/or if the exit is close by. Thus, even under poor visibility, the lights on the wearable electronic device may help the worker to not just find the exit, but also find the shortest exit point, thereby increasing the chances of survival and decreasing chances of injury. 
     When a wearable electronic device comprises several sensors and/or other electronic components, electrical power to operate the lights may be reserved unequally, such that the other sensors and/or electronic components do not affect the light functionality. A wearable electronic device may also comprise a beacon, which may facilitate location determination of a worker under adverse condition for a prolonged period of time. 
     In view of the entirety of the present disclosure, including the figures and the claims, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the present disclosure introduces an apparatus comprising: (A) a wearable electronic device configured to be worn by a human at a worksite, wherein the wearable electronic device comprises: (i) a sensor operable to detect a physical action and/or experience of the human; and (ii) an output device operable to output a sensory signal to be perceived by the human; and (B) a processing device comprising a processor and a memory storing computer program code, wherein the processing device is operable to cause the output device to output the sensory signal based on the detected physical action and/or experience. 
     The wearable electronic device may comprise the processing device. 
     The worksite may be a wellsite, a mining site, a building construction site, a manufacturing facility, or a repair facility. 
     The wearable electronic device may be associated with at least one of a badge, an arm band, a safety hat, safety glasses, a safety vest, overalls, and a jacket. 
     The sensor may be or comprise a camera, a microphone, an accelerometer, an inertial measurement unit, a locator device, and/or a GPS receiver. 
     The sensor may be one of a plurality of sensors comprised by the wearable electronic device, and the sensors may be of two or more different types. The different types of sensors may each be selected from the group consisting of a camera, a microphone, an audio speaker, an accelerometer, an inertial measurement unit, a locator device, and a GPS receiver. 
     The sensory signal may be indicative of another physical action to be performed by the human. 
     The output device may be or comprise a light emitting device, an audio speaker, and/or a vibration actuator. 
     The output device may be one of a plurality of output devices comprised by the wearable electronic device, and the output devices may be of two or more different types. The different types of output devices may each be selected from the group consisting of a light emitting device, an audio speaker, and a vibration actuator. 
     The sensory signal may be visible. For example, the sensory signal may comprise a change in intensity and/or a change in color of a light-emitting device output. 
     The sensory signal may be audibly and/or tactilely perceptible by the human. 
     The sensory signal may be or comprise at least one of a light, a sound, and vibrations. 
     The processing device may be further operable to cause the detected physical action and/or experience to be recorded to a database in association with information indicative of a type of event corresponding to the detected physical action and/or experience. 
     The processing device may be further operable to cause the detected physical action and/or experience to be recorded to a database in association with information indicative of a type of worksite task being performed by the human and corresponding to the detected physical action and/or experience. 
     The processing device may be further operable to cause the detected physical action and/or experience to be recorded to a database in association with information indicative of a type of accident corresponding to the detected physical action and/or experience. 
     The processing device may be further operable to determine a type of event corresponding to the detected physical action and/or experience by comparing the detected physical action and/or experience to previously-recorded physical actions and/or experiences of the human and/or other humans. Each previously-recorded physical action and/or experience may be recorded in association with information indicative of which one of a plurality of types of events corresponds to that previously-recorded physical action and/or experience. The events may include safety incidents and/or equipment maintenance operations. 
     The processing device may be operable to determine which of previously-planned tasks the human has completed by comparing the detected physical action and/or experience to previously-recorded physical actions and/or experiences associated with the previously-planned tasks. The previously-planned tasks may include maintenance of specific pieces of equipment and/or operating specific pieces of equipment. 
     The processing device may be further operable to determine what type of worksite task the human is performing based on the detected physical action and/or experience. 
     The processing device may be operable to determine what type of worksite task the human is performing during the detected physical action and/or experience by comparing the detected physical action and/or experience to previously-recorded physical actions and/or experiences of the human and/or other humans. Each previously-recorded physical action and/or experience may be recorded in association with information indicative of which one of a plurality of types of worksite tasks corresponds to that previously-recorded physical action and/or experience. The types of worksite tasks may include performing maintenance of specific pieces of equipment and/or operating specific pieces of equipment. The processing device may be further operable to determine an amount of time taken to complete the worksite task corresponding to the detected physical action and/or experience. 
     The processing device may be further operable to determine that the human is performing in an unsafe and/or prohibited manner based on the detected physical action and/or experience. For example, the human may be lifting an object in an unsafe and/or prohibited manner. The processing device may be further operable to cause the output device to output the sensory signal for perception by the human in response to the processing device determining that the human is performing in the unsafe and/or prohibited manner. 
     The processing device may be further operable to determine that the human is in a state of reduced alertness or sleep based on the detected physical action and/or experience, and the output sensory signal may be for increasing alertness of the human. 
     The processing device may be further operable to determine that an accident occurred based on the detected physical action and/or experience. 
     The processing device may be further operable to determine that an accident occurred by comparing the detected physical action and/or experience to previously-recorded physical actions and/or experiences of the human and/or other humans. Each previously-recorded physical action and/or experience may be recorded in association with information indicative of which one of a plurality of types of accidents corresponds to that previously-recorded physical action and/or experience. 
     The wearable electronic device may further comprise a locator device operable to facilitate determination of location of the wearable electronic device worn by the human at the worksite. An equipment controller at the worksite may be operable to change a mode of operation of a piece of equipment at the worksite based on the determined location of the wearable electronic device at the worksite. 
     The wearable electronic device may further comprise a locator device operable to facilitate determination of location of the wearable electronic device worn by the human at the worksite. The sensory signal may be further based on the determined location of the wearable electronic device. The sensory signal may be indicative of danger posed by a piece of equipment at the worksite near the determined location of the wearable electronic device. 
     The processing device may be communicatively connected with a plurality of video cameras at the worksite, and the processing device may be further operable to cause at least one of the video cameras to be operated based on the detected physical action and/or experience. 
     The processing device may be further operable to cause the output device to output the sensory signal as an indication to the human to move in a predetermined direction during a safety event at the worksite. 
     The processing device may be further operable to cause the output device to output the sensory signal as an indication to the human to move in a predetermined direction thereby directing the human toward an exit while the human is within an enclosed structure with low visibility. 
     The processing device may be located at a remote location from the wearable electronic device. The sensor may be operable to generate sensor data indicative of the detected physical action and/or experience. The processing device may be further operable to generate control commands operable to cause the output device to output the sensory signal. The wearable electronic device may further comprise a wireless communicator operable to: transmit the sensor data for reception by the processing device; and receive the control commands generated by the processing device. Communication between the wireless communicator and the processing device may be facilitated by a wireless access point and/or a communication satellite. 
     The wearable electronic device may comprise a memory device. 
     The present disclosure also introduces a system comprising: (A) a plurality of wearable electronic devices each configured to be worn by humans at worksites, wherein each wearable electronic device comprises: (i) a sensor operable to detect a human physical action and/or experience; and (ii) an output device operable to output a sensory signal for human perception, wherein the sensory signal is based on at least one of the detected physical actions and/or experiences; (B) a database; and (C) a processing device comprising a processor and a memory storing computer program code, wherein the processing device is communicatively connected with the wearable electronic devices and the database, and wherein the processing device is operable to: (i) record the detected physical actions and/or experiences to the database in association with information indicative of types of worksite events performed and/or experienced by the humans that correspond to the detected physical actions and/or experiences; (ii) compare a subsequent human physical action and/or experience during a corresponding subsequent worksite event, as detected by a sensor of one of the wearable electronic devices, to the recorded physical actions and/or experiences; and (iii) determine the type of the subsequent worksite event based on the comparison. 
     The worksites may be wellsites, other examples described herein, and/or other sites, locations, or facilities. 
     Each wearable electronic device may be associated with at least one of a safety hat, safety glasses, a safety vest, overalls, and a jacket. 
     The sensor of each wearable electronic device may be or comprise at least one of a camera, a microphone, an accelerometer, an inertial measurement unit, a locator device, and a GPS receiver. 
     Each sensory signal may be indicative of other human physical actions to be performed. 
     The output device of each wearable electronic device may be or comprise at least one of a light emitting device, an audio speaker, and a vibration actuator. 
     Each sensory signal may be for human perception via at least one of sight, sound, and touch. 
     Other aspects of and/or associated with the system may be as described herein. 
     The present disclosure also introduces a method comprising, while at a wellsite: donning an electronic device that comprises or is in wireless communication with a processing device that includes a processor and a memory storing computer program code; then performing an action or having an experience, wherein the performed action or experience is detected by the donned electronic device; and then perceiving a sensory signal output by the donned electronic device, wherein the sensory signal output is caused by the processing device based on the detected action or experience. 
     The electronic device may be, be included in, or be attached to at least one of a badge, a safety hat, safety glasses, a safety vest, overalls, and a jacket. 
     The performed action or experience may be detected via a sensor of the electronic device. The sensor may be or comprise at least one of a camera, a microphone, an accelerometer, an inertial measurement unit, a locator device, and a GPS receiver. 
     The sensory signal may be indicative of another physical action to be performed by the human, and the method may further comprise performing the other physical action pursuant to the perceived sensory signal. 
     Perceiving the sensory signal may be via sight, sound, or touch. 
     Other aspects of and/or associated with the method may be as described herein. 
     The present disclosure also introduces a method comprising outputting a sensory signal to be perceived by a human wearing an electronic device at a worksite, wherein: the electronic device comprises or is in wireless communication with a processing device that includes a processor and a memory storing computer program code; the electronic device detects physical actions and/or experiences of the human at the wellsite; and the sensory signal output is caused by the processing device based on the detected physical actions and/or experiences. 
     The worksite may be a wellsite, a mining site, a building construction site, a manufacturing facility, or a repair facility. 
     The electronic device may be associated with at least one of a safety hat, safety glasses, a safety vest, overalls, and a jacket. 
     Detecting the physical actions and/or experiences may be performed via a sensor of the electronic device, and the sensor may be or comprise at least one of a camera, a microphone, an accelerometer, an inertial measurement unit, a locator device, and a GPS receiver. 
     The sensory signal may be indicative of other physical actions to be performed by the human. 
     Outputting the sensory signal may be performed via an output device of the electronic device. The output device may be or comprise at least one of a light emitting device, an audio speaker, and a vibration actuator. 
     The sensory signal may be or comprise at least one of a light, a sound, and vibrations. 
     Other aspects of and/or associated with the method may be as described herein. 
     The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that a person having ordinary skill in the art may better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. A person having ordinary skill in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. A person having ordinary skill in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     The Abstract at the end of this disclosure is provided to permit the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.