Patent Publication Number: US-2004055498-A1

Title: Kinetic energy rod warhead deployment system

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS  
     [0001] This application claims priority of Provisional Application Serial No. 60/406,828 filed Aug. 29, 2002. 
    
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002] This invention relates to improvements in kinetic energy rod warheads.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003] Destroying missiles, aircraft, re-entry vehicles and other targets falls into three primary classifications: “hit-to-kill” vehicles, blast fragmentation warheads, and kinetic energy rod warheads.  
       [0004] “Hit-to-kill” vehicles are typically launched into a position proximate a re-entry vehicle or other target via a missile such as the Patriot, Trident or MX missile. The kill vehicle is navigable and designed to strike the re-entry vehicle to render it inoperable. Countermeasures, however, can be used to avoid the “hit-to-kill” vehicle. Moreover, biological warfare bomblets and chemical warfare submunition payloads are carried by some threats and one or more of these bomblets or chemical submunition payloads can survive and cause heavy casualties even if the “hit-to-kill” vehicle accurately strikes the target.  
       [0005] Blast fragmentation type warheads are designed to be carried by existing missiles. Blast fragmentation type warheads, unlike “hit-to-kill” vehicles, are not navigable. Instead, when the missile carrier reaches a position close to an enemy missile or other target, a pre-made band of metal on the warhead is detonated and the pieces of metal are accelerated with high velocity and strike the target. The fragments, however, are not always effective at destroying the target and, again, biological bomblets and/or chemical submunition payloads survive and cause heavy casualties.  
       [0006] The textbooks by the inventor hereof, R. Lloyd, “Conventional Warhead Systems Physics and Engineering Design,” Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics (ALAA) Book Series, Vol. 179, ISBN 1-56347-255-4, 1998, and “Physics of Direct Hit and Near Miss Warhead Technology”, Volume 194, ISBN 1-56347-473-5, incorporated herein by this reference, provide additional details concerning “hit-to-kill” vehicles and blast fragmentation type warheads. Chapter 5 and Chapter 3 of these textbooks propose a kinetic energy rod warhead.  
       [0007] The two primary advantages of a kinetic energy rod warhead is that 1) it does not rely on precise navigation as is the case with “hit-to-kill” vehicles and 2) it provides better penetration then blast fragmentation type warheads.  
       [0008] To date, however, kinetic energy rod warheads have not been widely accepted nor have they yet been deployed or fully designed. The primary components associated with a theoretical kinetic energy rod warhead is a hull, a projectile core or bay in the hull including a number of individual lengthy cylindrical projectiles, and an explosive charge in the hull about the projectile bay with sympathetic explosive shields. When the explosive charge is detonated, the projectiles are deployed. See “Aligned Rod Lethality Enhanced Concept for Kill Vehicles,” R. Lloyd “Aligned Rod Lethality Enhancement Concept For Kill Vehicles” 10 TH  AIAA/BMDD TECHNOLOGY CONF., July 23-26, Williamsburg, Virginia, 2001 incorporated herein by this reference.  
       [0009] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0010] It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a new kinetic energy rod warhead deployment system.  
       [0011] It is a further object of this invention to provide such a kinetic energy rod warhead deployment system which is capable of destroying multiple spaced apart target clusters but requiring only a single carrier missile.  
       [0012] It is a further object of this invention to provide such a kinetic energy rod warhead deployment system which is highly versatile.  
       [0013] The invention results from the realization that a more versatile kinetic energy rod warhead deployment system capable of destroying spaced apart target clusters but requiring only a single carrier missile is achieved by packaging projectiles in a number of housings jettisoned from the carrier missile and each placed in the vicinity of an individual target so that the projectiles, when deployed from each jettisoned housing, lie in the trajectory paths of all of the targets.  
       [0014] This invention features a kinetic energy rod warhead deployment system comprising at least one jettison housing including a plurality of lengthy individual projectiles therein and means for deploying said projectiles and a navigatable carrier for the jettison housing including means for ejecting the jettison housing in the vicinity of a target whereupon the means for deploying the projectiles is activated to deploy the individual projectiles in the trajectory path of the target.  
       [0015] In one example, the means for deploying the projectiles includes an explosive charge core surrounded by the projectiles. In another example, the means for deploying the projectiles includes an explosive charge within the jettison housing surrounding the projectiles. In still another embodiment, the means for deploying the projectiles includes explosive charge sections surrounding the projectiles.  
       [0016] Typically, the carrier is a missile and there are a plurality of jettison housings carried by the missile and each selectively ejectable from the missile.  
       [0017] The means for ejecting the jettison housing may include spinning the carrier to import a velocity to the housing, an explosive charge about the jettison housing, or a propulsion subsystem associated with the jettison housing.  
       [0018] The method of destroying a number of spaced targets of this invention features navigating a carrier missile proximate the target, ejecting housings each containing a plurality of projectiles into the trajectory path of each target, and deploying the projectiles of each jettison housing to destroy each target. 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
     [0019] Other objects, features and advantages will occur to those skilled in the art from the following description of a preferred embodiment and the accompanying drawings, in which:  
     [0020]FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the typical deployment of a “hit-to-kill” vehicle in accordance with the prior art;  
     [0021]FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the typical deployment of a prior art blast fragmentation type warhead;  
     [0022]FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the deployment of a theoretical kinetic energy rod warhead system;  
     [0023]FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the deployment of a kinetic energy rod warhead as a replacement for a blast fragmentation type warhead in accordance with the subject invention;  
     [0024] FIGS.  5 A- 5 C are schematic views showing the ejection of a single jettison housing from a missile and the deployment of a plurality of projectiles in accordance with the system and method of the subject invention;  
     [0025]FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the primary components associated with one type of jettison housing in accordance with the subject invention;  
     [0026]FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the primary components associated with another embodiment of a jettison housing in accordance with the subject invention;  
     [0027]FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the primary components with still another embodiment of a jettison housing in accordance with the subject invention;  
     [0028]FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a carrier missile with a number of jettison housings in accordance with the subject invention;  
     [0029]FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the ejection of a number of jettison housings from a single missile and the deployment of the projectiles of each jettison housing to destroy object clusters deployed far apart in space in accordance with the system and method of this invention;  
     [0030]FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing how, in one embodiment, the housings are jettisoned from the carrier;  
     [0031]FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing an explosive charge for jettisoning the housings from the carrier; and  
     [0032]FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing a propulsion subsystem for jettison of the housings from the carrier. 
    
    
     DISCLOSURE OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
     [0033] As discussed in the Background section above, “hit-to-kill” vehicles are typically launched into a position proximate a re-entry vehicle  10 , FIG. 1 or other target via a missile  12 . “Hit-to-kill” vehicle  14  is navigable and designed to strike re-entry vehicle  10  to render it inoperable. Countermeasures, however, can be used to avoid the kill vehicle. Vector  16  shows kill vehicle  14  missing re-entry vehicle  10 . Moreover, nuclear, biological bomblets and chemical submunition payloads  18  are carried by some threats and one or more of these bomblets or chemical submunition payloads  18  can survive, as shown at  20 , and cause heavy casualties even if kill vehicle  14  does accurately strike target  10 .  
     [0034] Turning to FIG. 2, blast fragmentation type warhead  32  is designed to be carried by missile  30 . When the missile reaches a position close to an enemy re-entry vehicle (RV), missile, or other target  36 , a pre-made band of metal or fragments on the warhead is detonated and the pieces of metal  34  strike target  36 . The fragments, however, are not always effective at destroying the submunition target and, again, biological bomblets and/or chemical submunition payloads can survive and cause heavy casualties.  
     [0035] The textbooks by the inventor hereof, R. Lloyd, “Conventional Warhead Systems Physics and Engineering Design,” Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics (AiAA) Book Series, Vol. 179, ISBN 1-56347-255-4, 1998, and “Physics of Direct Hit and Near Miss Warhead Technology” Volume 194, ISBN 1-56347-477-5, incorporated herein by this reference, provide additional details concerning “hit-to-kill” vehicles and blast fragmentation type warheads. Chapter 5 and Chapter 3 of these textbooks propose a kinetic energy rod warhead.  
     [0036] In general, a kinetic energy rod warhead, in accordance with this invention, can be added to kill vehicle (interceptor)  14 ′, FIG. 3 to deploy lengthy cylindrical projectiles  40  directed at re-entry vehicle  10  or another target. In addition, the prior art blast fragmentation type warhead shown in FIG. 2 can be replaced with or supplemented with a kinetic energy rod warhead  50 , FIG. 4 to deploy projectiles  40  at target  36 .  
     [0037] Two key advantages of kinetic energy rod warheads as theorized is that 1) they do not rely on precise navigation as is the case with “hit-to-kill” vehicles and 2) they provide better penetration then blast fragmentation type warheads.  
     [0038] The idea behind the subject invention is to deploy projectiles in the trajectory path of a target from a jettison housing or housings ejected from a carrier such that the projectiles are placed in the trajectory path of a target or targets as shown in FIGS.  5 A- 5 C. Thus, the deployment system of this invention features navigatable carrier  50  such as a missile including jettison housing  52  and means for ejecting jettison housing  52  in the vicinity of target  54  to be destroyed as shown in FIG. 5B. Jettison housing  52  includes a plurality of projectiles  56 , FIG. 5C therein which are deployed in the trajectory path P of target  54  as shown.  
     [0039] In one embodiment, jettison housing  52   a , FIG. 6 includes hull  60  and therein explosive charge core  62  surrounded by projectiles  56 . Upon detonation of explosive charge  62 , hull  60  fragments and projectiles  56  are deployed as shown in FIG. 5C. In another embodiment, jettison housing  52   b , FIG. 7 includes hull  70  encasing explosive charge  72  surrounding projectile core  74 . Upon detonation of explosive charge  72 , hull  70  breaks up and projectile core  74  is deployed as shown in FIG. 5C.  
     [0040] In still another embodiment, jettison housing  52   c , FIG. 8 includes explosive charge sections  80   a - 80   d  surrounding projectiles  82  and separated by detonation cord  84 . In this way, the projectiles can all be deployed in one primary direction by detonating, for example, the detonation cord between explosive charge sections  80   b  and  80   c ,  80   a  and  80   b , and between  80   d  and  80   c  to deploy explosive charge sections  80   b  and  80   c . Then, explosive charge sections  80   a  and  80   d  are detonated to deploy projectiles  82  in the general direction of vector  86 .  
     [0041] Thus, the means for deploying the projectiles in accordance with this invention can vary depending on the specific design and purpose of the jettison housing and in accordance with the state of the art. See also U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/301,420, 09/938,022 and 09/938,022, incorporated herein by this reference. These patent applications describe other types of deployment systems. See also the application filed on an even date herewith entitled “Kinetic Energy Rod Warhead with Imploding Charge for Isotropic Firing of the Penetrators” by the same inventor.  
     [0042] It is preferred that the missile carrier include a number of jettison housings as shown in FIG. 9 which can be selectively ejected each to be placed in the vicinity of a number of potential and actual targets as shown in FIG. 10. Thus, jettison housing  52 ′ is ejected in the vicinity of decoy cluster  54   a , FIG. 10, jettison housing  52 ″ is ejected in the vicinity of actual target  54   b  (e.g., a re-entry vehicle), jettison housing  52 ′″ is ejected in the vicinity of decoy cluster  54   c , and jettison housing  52   iv  is ejected in the vicinity of decoy cluster  54   d.    
     [0043] The projectiles or rods of each jettison housing, once deployed, are now in the trajectory path of each target  54   a - 54   d  and will destroy each target.  
     [0044] The means for ejecting each jettison housing can vary depending on the design criteria. At least three different jettison technologies could be used to deploy the warhead housing. A predictor fuse can be used to determine which object is a threat. The guidance system of the missile is able to computer range and angle of the objects relative to the missile system. Based on this data, a time-to-go is computed. The jettison housing is deployed to the space and initiated ahead of the incoming objects. This creates a cloud of projectiles that kill all the enemy objects.  
     [0045] One ejection concept is to deploy the housings by spinning the missile. This generates an angular rotation of all the housings. The fuse determines which housing to deploy relative to the position of all the object clouds. The spinning energy is converted to linear energy and velocity by releasing the housing while it is spinning. The spinning housing is released and is still spinning as it approaches it intercept point. The projectiles are then released with a linear shaped charge that cuts a retaining band or they are explosively deployed. If rods are used, they are perfectly aligned after angular deployment because the housing contains a high angular velocity. The rods are deployed with perfect spacing as shown in FIG. 11 where v is the deployment velocity and w is the angular velocity.  
     [0046] The housings could also be deployed with an explosive. An explosive arc  80 , FIG. 12 is placed around the housing  52  and given the correct time-to-go, the housing is explosively launched from the missile. The same fuse logic would be employed as the spinning concept, except a small explosive change would be used for deployment. The explosive change would be designed thin enough with a proper buffer to protect the housing from damage during initial deployment. Polyurethane foam buffer  82  is used to help protect the housing  52  from explosive damage.  
     [0047] Another ejection concept is a propulsion system  90 , FIG. 13 for each housing (e.g., a thruster). Each housing would contain a small propulsion system that would accelerate the housing to its correct point in space. Once it has reached this point, then the rods are deployed with a small center core of explosives as shown in FIG. 6.  
     [0048] The projectiles or rods within the jettison housings may be lengthy cylinders or may have special shapes as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/162,498 filed Jun. 4, 2002 and incorporated herein by this reference.  
     [0049] The advantages of such a system wherein the projectiles are housed in housings jettisoned from a carrier missile include the ability to destroy multiple target clusters spaced apart in space with only one carrier missile. Thus, the method of this invention features navigating carrier missile  50 , FIG. 10 proximate the targets, ejecting a housing containing a plurality of projectiles into the trajectory path of each target as shown in FIG. 10, and deploying the projectiles of each jettison housing to destroy each target.  
     [0050] Although specific features of the invention are shown in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience only as each feature may be combined with any or all of the other features in accordance with the invention. The words “including”, “comprising”, “having”, and “with” as used herein are to be interpreted broadly and comprehensively and are not limited to any physical interconnection. Moreover, any embodiments disclosed in the subject application are not to be taken as the only possible embodiments.  
     [0051] Other embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art and are within the following claims: