Patent Publication Number: US-11664575-B2

Title: Support piece, a radiating element, and a base station antenna

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202110011680.7, filed Jan. 6, 2021, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference as if set forth fully herein. 
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to the technical field of wireless communication; specifically, it relates to a support piece, a radiating element, and a base station antenna. 
     BACKGROUND 
     As the communication technology develops, more and more radiating elements may be integrated into a base station antenna array. Provided that the overall dimensions of a base station antenna remain unchanged, as the number of radiating elements in an antenna array increases, the distance between adjacent radiating elements usually decreases; as a result, there is increased coupling between them, which degrades the radiating performance of the base station antenna. For example, the upper sidelobe levels and cross polarization ratios deteriorate. 
     SUMMARY 
     The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a support piece, a radiating element, and a base station antenna. 
     According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a support piece used for a radiating element is provided; the support piece comprises: A first support section, the first support section being configured in the shape of a plate, and a plurality of second support sections; every second support section in the plurality of second support sections is set on the outside of the first support section and is bent relative to the first support section; every second support section comprises at least one support structure; wherein, at least a portion of the support structure of the at least one support structure is configured to support a first dipole arm, and at least a portion of the support structure of the at least one support structure is configured to support a second dipole arm; a second arm section on the outside of the first dipole arm is bent relative to the first arm section on the inside toward a first side of the first support section to support the dipole arm; a second arm section on the outside of the second dipole arm is bent relative to the first arm section on the inside toward a second side of the first support section opposite to the first side. 
     According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a radiating element is provided; the radiating element comprises: A support piece, the support piece comprising a first support section configured in the shape of a plate and a plurality of second support sections, every second support section in the plurality of second support sections being set on the outside of the first support section and being bent relative to the first support section, every second support section comprising at least one support structure, and a plurality of dipole arms; the plurality of dipole arms correspond to the plurality of second support sections one to one; every dipole arm in the plurality of dipole arms comprises a first arm section and a second arm section set on the outside of the first arm section; every second arm section comprises a mounting structure; a dipole arm is the first dipole arm or the second dipole arm; the second arm section of the first dipole arm is bent relative to the first arm section toward a first side of the first support section to support the dipole arm; the second arm section of the second dipole arm is bent relative to the first arm section toward a second side of the first support section opposite to the first side; wherein, at least a portion of the support structure of the at least one support structure is configured to match the mounting structure of the first dipole arm to support the first dipole arm, and at least a portion of the support structure of the at least one support structure is configured to match the mounting structure of the second dipole arm to support the second dipole arm. 
     According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a radiating element is provided, the radiating element is configured to be mounted on a reflector, comprising: a first dipole that includes a first dipole arm and a second dipole arm; a second dipole that includes a third dipole arm and a fourth dipole arm, the second dipole extending perpendicularly to the first dipole; wherein each of the first through fourth dipole arms comprises a plurality of widened conductive segments that are connected by a plurality of narrowed conductive segments, and wherein each of the first through fourth dipole arms has a base that is proximate a center of the radiating element and a distal end that is opposite the base, and wherein the distal end of each dipole is bent either rearwardly or forwardly with respect to a plane that is parallel to the reflector. 
     According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a base station antenna is provided, and the base station antenna comprises the radiating element. 
     Through the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure by referencing the attached figures, other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become clearer. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
       The attached figures, which form a part of the specification, describe embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the specification, are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic front view of a base station antenna array. 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic side view of two columns of radiating elements in the antenna array of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    is a schematic perspective view of one of the radiating elements in the antenna array of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  4    is an experimentally measured radiation map of the base station antenna of  FIG.  1    in the horizontal plane. 
         FIG.  5    is a simulated radiation map of the base station antenna of  FIG.  1    in the horizontal plane. 
         FIG.  6    is a simulated radiation map of the base station antenna of  FIG.  1    in the vertical plane. 
         FIG.  7    is a graph of the simulated interband isolation of the two columns of radiating elements illustrated in  FIG.  2   . 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic perspective view of a radiating element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  9    is an enlarged view of a portion of the radiating element of  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  10    is an enlarged view of another portion of the radiating element of  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  11    is a schematic perspective view of a first dipole arm and a feeding section of the radiating element of  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  12    is a schematic perspective view of a radiating element according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  13    is an enlarged view of a portion of the radiating element of  FIG.  12   . 
         FIG.  14    is an enlarged view of another portion of the radiating element of  FIG.  12   . 
         FIG.  15    is a schematic perspective view of a second dipole arm and a feeding section of the radiating element of  FIG.  12   . 
         FIG.  16    is a schematic perspective view of a support piece of the radiating elements of  FIGS.  8  and  12   . 
         FIG.  17    is a schematic side view of a base station antenna comprising a plurality of the radiating elements of  FIG.  8    according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  18    is an experimentally measured radiation map of the base station antenna of  FIG.  17    in the horizontal plane. 
         FIG.  19    is a simulated radiation map of the base station antenna of  FIG.  17    in the horizontal plane. 
         FIG.  20    is a simulated radiation map of the base station antenna of  FIG.  17    in the vertical plane. 
         FIG.  21    is a graph of the simulated interband isolation of the base station antenna of  FIG.  17   . 
         FIG.  22    is a return loss diagram of a first input port of a radiating element array of the base station antenna arrays of  FIGS.  2  and  17   . 
         FIG.  23    is a return loss diagram of a second input port of a radiating element array of the base station antenna arrays of  FIGS.  2  and  17   . 
         FIG.  24    is a graph of the simulated intraband isolation of a radiating element array of the base station antenna array in  FIG.  2    and  FIG.  17   . 
         FIG.  25    is a schematic side view of a base station antenna comprising the radiating element in  FIG.  12    according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  26    is a schematic side view of a base station antenna according to the first specific embodiment of the present disclosure where the base station antenna includes two low-band antenna arrays and four high-band antenna arrays, where the two low-band arrays are formed using the radiating element of  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  27    is a schematic of a base station antenna according to the second specific embodiment of the present disclosure where the base station antenna includes two low-band antenna arrays and four high-band antenna arrays, where the two low-band arrays are formed using the radiating element of  FIG.  12   . 
         FIG.  28    is a schematic of a base station antenna according to the third specific embodiment of the present disclosure where the base station antenna includes a beamforming antenna array and two low-band arrays that are formed using the radiating element of  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  29    is a schematic of a base station antenna according to the fourth specific embodiment of the present disclosure where the base station antenna includes a beamforming antenna array and two low-band arrays that are formed using the radiating element of  FIG.  12   . 
         FIG.  30    is a schematic of a base station antenna according to the fifth specific embodiment of the present disclosure where the base station antenna includes a beamforming antenna array, two high-band antenna arrays and two low-band antenna arrays that are formed using the radiating element in  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  31    is a schematic of a base station antenna according to the sixth specific embodiment of the present disclosure where the base station antenna includes a beamforming antenna array, two high-band antenna arrays and two low-band antenna arrays that are formed using the radiating element in  FIG.  12   . 
     
    
    
     In the embodiments described below, under some circumstances, the same signs are used among different figures to indicate the same parts or parts with the similar functions, and repeated description is thus omitted. Under some circumstances, similar labels and letters are used to indicate similar items, and thus, once a certain item is defined in one attached figure, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent attached figures. 
     For ease of understanding, the positions, dimensions, and ranges of various structures shown in the attached figures and the like may not indicate the actual positions, dimensions, and ranges under some circumstances. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the positions, dimensions, and ranges disclosed in the attached figures and the like. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below by referencing the attached figures. It should be noted: unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values of components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure. 
     The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative, and in no way serves as a limitation to the present disclosure and its application or use. In other words, the structures and methods discussed in the present disclosure are shown in an exemplary manner to illustrate different embodiments according to the present disclosure. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that these examples are merely illustrative, but not in an exhaustive manner, to indicate the embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale, and some features may be enlarged to show details of some specific components. 
     The technologies, methods, and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the art may not be discussed in detail, but when appropriate, the technologies, methods, and equipment should be regarded as a part of the specification. 
     In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific value should be construed as merely exemplary, but not limitative. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiment may have different values. 
     As shown in  FIG.  1    and  FIG.  2   , a base station antenna array includes plurality of radiating elements  100 ′ that are arranged in rows and columns. Each radiating element is mounted to extend forwardly from a reflector of the base station antenna (which is the underlying metal sheet shown in  FIG.  2   ). When the base station antenna is mounted for use, the reflector extends along a generally vertical axis, and the radiating elements  100 ′ extend forwardly from the reflector. 
     The structure of radiating element  100 ′ is shown in more detail in  FIG.  3   . Referring to  FIG.  3   , the radiating element  100 ′ may comprise dipole arms  110 ′ and support pieces  120 ′ that support the dipole arms  110 ′. The quantity of dipole arms  110 ′ may be four, and the four dipole arms  110 ′ may be arranged as two dipoles that have polarization directions perpendicular to each other; each dipole comprises two dipole arms  110 ′ extending along opposite directions. The dipole arms  110 ′ may be formed of metal and basically arranged on the same plane. Accordingly, a support piece  120 ′ may comprise a support leg  125 ′ and a support section  121 ′, which is located above the support leg  125 ′ and is configured in the shape of a plate; four dipole arms  110 ′ are directly supported by the support section  121 ′; the support piece  120 ′ is usually formed of a dielectric material and may comprise a single support piece that supports all four dipole arms  110 ′. 
     In the antenna arrays shown in  FIG.  1    and  FIG.  2   , the strength of the coupling of RF signals between adjacent radiating elements  100 ′ is related to the minimum distance between them. As the minimum distance between radiating elements  100 ′ decreases, there is generally increased coupling, which leads to worsened radiating performance for the radiating elements in the array. 
     Specifically,  FIG.  4    through  FIG.  6    illustrate the experimentally measured and simulated radiation maps of the base station antenna of  FIG.  1   . In  FIGS.  4 - 6   , P 1 ′ indicates the primary polarization component and P 2 ′ indicates the cross polarization component. As can be seen in  FIG.  4    through  FIG.  6   , the upper sidelobe level of the primary polarization is very high and may even exceed −15 dB, and the cross polarization ratio of the primary polarization component and cross polarization component is also very low. 
       FIG.  7    is a graph of the simulated interband isolation of the two columns of radiating elements shown in  FIG.  2   . In  FIG.  7   , L 1 ′ indicates the degree of isolation between the input ports of the two columns of radiating elements having the first polarization, and L 2 ′ indicates the degree of isolation between the input ports of the two columns of radiating elements having the second polarization. As can be seen in  FIG.  7   , the interband isolation between the two columns of radiating elements is not ideal either. 
     To improve performance, the present disclosure proposes using a new support piece for a radiating element and a corresponding radiating element. In the radiating element of the present disclosure, a dipole arm may comprise a first arm section and a second arm section that is bent relative to the first arm section, i.e., the dipole arm is no longer limited to being placed on the same plane. The bent second arm section is beneficial for reducing the minimum distance between dipole arms of adjacent radiating elements in the antenna array, which thus reduces the coupling between radiating elements and improves the radiation performance. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8    through  FIG.  16   , the radiating element  100  may comprise a plurality of dipole arms  110  and a support piece  120  (which may be implemented as a monolithic structure, as shown, or as multiple individual pieces). 
     Specifically, as shown in  FIG.  16   , the support piece  120  may comprise a first support section  121  set in the shape of a plate and a plurality of second support sections  122 . Each second support section  122  extends from a respective outer edge of the first support section  121  and is bent relative to the first support section  121 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  11    and  FIG.  15   , each dipole arm  110  may comprise a first arm section  111  and a second arm section  112  set on the outside of the first arm section  111 . In the first dipole arm shown in  FIG.  11   , the second arm section  112  is bent relative to the first arm section  111  toward a first side of the first support section  121  to support the dipole arm, i.e., it is bent forwardly as shown in the  FIG.  11   ; bending second arm section  112  forwardly may reduce interference between dipole arm  110  and other components of the base station antenna that may be mounted behind dipole arm  110 . In the second dipole arm shown in  FIG.  15   , the second arm section  112  is bent relative to the first arm section  111  toward a second side of the first support section opposite to the first side, i.e., it is bent rearwardly as shown in the  FIG.  15   ; bending the section arm section  112  of dipole arm  110  rearwardly may avoid the increase in the extent to which the radiating element  100  extends forwardly from a reflector of the base station antenna that occurs with the dipole arm shown in the  FIG.  11   . In one exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG.  8   , all dipole arms  110  are the first dipole arms that have a second section that is bent forwardly; in another exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG.  12   , all dipole arms  110  are the second dipole arms bent rearwardly. It can be understood that in some other embodiments, in the same radiating element, some dipole arms may be the first dipole arms bent forwardly and other dipole arms may be the second dipole arms bent rearwardly to meet various requirements. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8    through  FIG.  10    and  FIG.  12    through  FIG.  14   , the first arm section  111  of each dipole arm  110  may be supported by a first support section  121  of the support piece  120  and each second arm section  112  of the dipole arm  110  may be supported by a corresponding second support section  122  of the support piece  120  respectively. 
     The degree of the bend of the second support section  122  in the support piece  120  relative to the first support section  121  may be determined according to the degree of the bend of the second arm section  112  in the dipole arm  110  relative to the first arm section  111 . To utilize space as much as possible and avoid the interference among different components at the same time, the second arm section  112  may be bent to be perpendicular (or basically perpendicular) to the first arm section  111 , i.e., the plane of the second arm section  112  and the plane of the first arm section  111  may be perpendicular or basically perpendicular to each other. Accordingly, the second support section  122  may be perpendicular (or basically perpendicular) to the first support section  121 . 
     In the exemplary embodiments shown in  FIG.  8    and  FIG.  12   , by bending the second arm section  112  of the dipole arm  110 , the the footprint of the radiating element  100  (i.e., the area of the radiating element when viewed from the front) may be decreased, which thus increases the minimum distance between adjacent radiating elements  100  in the antenna array to improve the radiation performance of the base station antenna. 
       FIG.  17    is a schematic of the base station antenna comprising the radiating element in  FIG.  8    according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; the base station comprises a 4×4 antenna array (i.e., a total of sixteen radiating elements  100  that are arranged in four rows and four columns when the base station antenna is viewed from the front).  FIG.  18    is an experimentally measured radiation map of the base station antenna of  FIG.  17   .  FIG.  19    is a simulated radiation map of the base station antenna of  FIG.  17    in the horizontal plane.  FIG.  20    is a simulated radiation map of the base station antenna of  FIG.  17    in the vertical plane. In  FIGS.  18 - 20   , P 1  indicates the primary polarization component, and P 2  indicates the cross polarization component. Compared with the radiation maps shown in  FIG.  4    through  FIG.  6   , it can be seen that by configuring radiating elements with dipole arms having outer sections that are bent forwardly or rearwardly, the upper sidelobe level of the primary polarization is decreased in the radiation maps, and the cross polarization ratio is improved. 
       FIG.  21    is a graph of the simulated interband isolation of the base station antenna in  FIG.  17   , where L 1  indicates the degree of isolation between the input ports of two columns of radiating elements on the first polarization, and L 2  indicates the degree of isolation between the input ports of two columns of radiating elements on the second polarization. By comparing  FIG.  7    and  FIG.  21    it can be seen that by using radiating elements with dipole arms that are bent forwardly or rearwardly the interband isolation between two columns of radiating elements may be improved. 
       FIG.  22    is a return loss diagram of a first input port of the base station antenna in  FIG.  2    and  FIG.  17   . In FIG.  22 R 1 ′ indicates the return loss of the first input port of the base station antenna in  FIG.  2   , and R 1  indicates the return loss of the first input port of the base station antenna in  FIG.  17   .  FIG.  23    is a return loss diagram of a second input port of the base station antenna in  FIG.  2    and  FIG.  17   . In  FIG.  23    R 2 ′ indicates the return loss of the second input port of the base station antenna in  FIG.  2   , and R 2  indicates the return loss of the second input port of the base station antenna in  FIG.  17   . In these figures, the first input port and the second input port are input ports for the same column of radiating elements and correspond to two polarization directions perpendicular to each other. As seen in  FIG.  22    and  FIG.  23   , at most frequency points, by using radiating elements with dipole arms bent forwardly or rearwardly, the return loss may be reduced. 
       FIG.  24    is a graph of the simulated intraband isolation of the antenna arrays of  FIG.  2    and  FIG.  17   , i.e., the degree of isolation between the first input port and the second input port of the same column of radiating elements corresponding to two polarization directions perpendicular to each other. In  FIG.  24   , D′ indicates the degree of intraband isolation of the antenna array in  FIG.  2   , and D indicates the degree of intraband isolation of the antenna array in  FIG.  17   . As seen in  FIG.  24   , at most frequency points, by using radiating elements with dipole arms bent forwardly or rearwardly, the degree of intraband isolation is improved. 
     It can be understood that a base station antenna of another exemplary embodiment, as shown in  FIG.  25   , may be formed using the radiating element shown in  FIG.  12   . In such a base station antenna, the radiation performance may also be improved similarly as shown in  FIG.  18    through  FIG.  24   ; it is not repeated herein. 
     To stably connect the dipole arm  110  to the support piece  120 , the matching mounting structure and support structure may be configured in the dipole arm  110  and the support piece  120  respectively. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the support piece  120  shown in  FIG.  16    may be applicable for two types of radiating elements  100  shown in  FIG.  8    and  FIG.  12   . Specifically, as shown in  FIG.  8    through  FIG.  16   , every second support section  122  may comprise at least one support structure, and every second arm section  112  may comprise a mounting structure; at least a portion of the support structure of at least one support structure may be configured to match the mounting structure of the first dipole arm to support the first dipole arm, and at least a portion of the support structure of at least one support structure is configured to match the mounting structure of the second dipole arm to support the second dipole arm. In some embodiments, the support structure used to match the first dipole arm and the support structure used to match the second dipole arm may be the same support structure. In other embodiments, the support structure used to match the first dipole arm and the support structure used to match the second dipole arm may also be different support structures from a plurality of support structures. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8    through  FIG.  10   ,  FIG.  12    through  FIG.  14   , and  FIG.  16   , the quantity of the dipole arms  110  in every radiating element  100  may be four; accordingly, the first support section  121  may comprise four first support sub-sections  1211  extending toward a first direction, a second direction, a third direction, and a fourth direction in the plane of the plate. The quantity of the second support section  122  may also be four, and each second support section  122  is provided outside of a respective one of the first support sub-sections  1211 . Thus, the matching set of the first support sub-section  1211  and the second support section  122  may be used to support a dipole arm  110 ; the first arm section  111  and the second arm section  112  of the dipole arm  110  are supported by the first support sub-section  1121  and the second support section  122  respectively. The first direction is opposite to the second direction, and the third direction is opposite to the fourth direction; moreover, the first direction is perpendicular to the third direction, forming two polarization directions perpendicular to each other. 
     To reduce the weight of the support piece  120  and its material costs, as shown in  FIG.  16   , one or a plurality through openings  1212  may be provided in the first support sub-section  1211 , and the corresponding first arm section  111  that is mounted on the first support sub-section  1211  may be set at at least a portion of the edge surrounding one or a plurality of through openings  1212 . In  FIG.  16   , two through openings  1212  are provided in every first support sub-section  1211 , and the corresponding first arm section  111  is mounted to surround the two through openings  1212 . 
     Moreover, as shown in  FIG.  16   , in the support piece  120 , four first support sub-sections  1211  may encircle a feeding opening  1213  located inwardly of the first support section  121 . As shown in  FIG.  11    and  FIG.  15   , the radiating element  100  may also comprise a plurality of feeding sections  130  to transmit electric signals to the corresponding dipole arms  110 ; wherein, the feeding sections  130  may pass through the feeding opening  1213  to connect with corresponding dipole arms  110  respectively. In some embodiments, the dipole arm  110  and the feeding section  130  connected with the dipole arm  110  may be formed as one piece; for example, it is made of metal into one piece. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8    through  FIG.  10   ,  FIG.  12    through  FIG.  14   , and  FIG.  16   , the second support section  122  may be bent toward a first side of the first support section  121 , i.e., bent forwardly, to avoid potential interference with other components that are behind the dipole arms  110  of radiating element  100 . Although the second support section  122  is bent forwardly, by configuring an appropriate support structure therein and matching the mounting structure set in the second arm section of the dipole arm  110 , either first dipole arms that are bent forwardly and/or second dipole arms that are bent rearwardly may be supported by such support piece  120 . 
     Specifically, as shown in  FIG.  8    through  FIG.  10   ,  FIG.  12    through  FIG.  14   , and  FIG.  16   , the support structure may comprise a first support structure  122   a  and a second support structure  122   b . Accordingly, the mounting structure of the first dipole arm may comprise a first mounting structure  112   a  matching the first support structure  122   a ; the mounting structure of the second dipole arm may comprise a second mounting structure  112   b  matching the second support structure  122   b . When the first mounting structure  112   a  of the first dipole arm matches the corresponding first support structure  122   a  of the second support section  122 , it is supported by the support piece  120 ; when the second mounting structure  112   b  of the second dipole arm matches the corresponding second support structure  122   b  of the second support section  122 , it is supported by the support piece  120 . 
     Considering that the shape of the dipole arm  100  (including the widths and lengths of various arm sections or sub-arm sections as well as the angles between them) will impact the radiation performance of the radiating element  100 , thus, in the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm, except for the different bending direction of the second arm section  112  relative to that of the first arm section  111 , the first arm section of the first dipole arm may be made to have the same or basically the same shape as the first arm section of the second dipole arm, and the second arm section of the first dipole arm and the second arm section of the second dipole arm are of the same or basically the same shape. 
     As shown in  FIG.  11   , the first dipole arm may also comprise a second mounting structure  112   b , and the location of the second mounting structure  112   b  of the first dipole arm on the second arm section  112  of the first dipole arm corresponds to the location of the second mounting structure  112   b  of the second dipole arm on the second arm section  112  of the second dipole arm as shown in  FIG.  15   . Similarly, as shown in  FIG.  15   , the second dipole arm may further comprise a first mounting structure  112   a , and the location of the first mounting structure  112   a  of the second dipole arm on the second arm section  112  of the second dipole arm corresponds to the location of the first mounting structure  112   a  of the first dipole arm on the second arm section  112  of the first dipole arm as shown in  FIG.  11   . Thus, although the second mounting structure  112   b  of the first dipole arm and the first mounting structure  112   a  of the second dipole arm may not play a role in the actual assembly process, making the shapes of the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm similar is beneficial for maintaining the consistency of the radiation performance of different radiating elements, and may simplify the structural design of the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8    through  FIG.  10   ,  FIG.  12    through  FIG.  14   , and  FIG.  16   , a first support structure  122   a  with a first “height” (i.e., here the term “height refers to the distance that a structure extends forwardly from a reflector) relative to the first support section  121  and a second support structure  122   b  with a second height, which is different from the first height, may be configured to realize the support of the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm. As shown in  FIG.  11   , a first mounting structure  112   a  with a third height, which can match the first height, relative to the first arm section  111  may be configured in the first dipole arm; as shown in  FIG.  15   , a second mounting structure  112   b  with a fourth height, which can match the second height, relative to the first arm section  111  may be configured in the second dipole arm. Of course, as described above, as shown in  FIG.  11   , the first dipole arm may also comprise a second mounting structure  112   b  with a fourth height; as shown in  FIG.  15   , the second dipole arm may also comprise a first mounting structure  112   a  with a third height. In the support piece  120  shown in  FIG.  16   , the first height is greater than the second height. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the first height may also be less than the second height. 
     In every second support section  122 , one or more first support structure(s)  122   a  may be provided; similarly, one or more second support structure(s)  122   b  may also be provided. To ensure that the support of the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm is stable, particularly under the circumstance that there are a plurality of first support structures  122   a  or a plurality of second support structures  122   b  in the same second support section  122 , the first support structures  122   a  and the second support structures  122   b  may be set in an alternating manner so that the support points of the dipole arm  110  are spread on the second support section  122  as evenly as possible. Accordingly, in the same dipole arm  110 , the first mounting structure  112   a  and the second mounting structure  112   b  may also be set in an alternating manner. In the support piece  120  shown in  FIG.  16   , every second support section  122  comprises two first support structures  122   a  and a second support structure  122   b , and a second support structure  122   b  is set between two first support structures  122   a ; accordingly, in the dipole arm  110  shown in  FIG.  11    or  FIG.  15   , a second mounting structure  112   b  is set between two first mounting structures  112   a.    
     There may be many different forms of the support structure and the mounting structure, which match each other. For example, the support structure may comprise at least one of the following: A support bayonet, a support screw hole set on the body of the second support section, and a support protrusion protruding relative to the body of the second support section. The mounting structure may comprise at least one of the following: A mounting bayonet formed by the bent arm section in the second arm section and a mounting screw hole set on the second arm section, and the support protrusion may be set in the mounting bayonet or the mounting screw hole to realize the connection. Furthermore, the radiating element may also comprise one or a plurality of screws; one or a plurality of screws may be configured to be fixated in at least a portion of the support structure and the mounting structure (for example, the support bayonet, the support screw hole, the mounting bayonet, and the mounting screw hole), to connect the dipole arm and the support piece. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8    through  FIG.  16   , the first support structure  122   a  and the second support structure  122   b  may both be the support bayonet; the first mounting structure  112   a  may be a mounting screw hole set on the second arm section  112 , and the second mounting structure  112   b  may be a mounting bayonet formed by the bent arm section in the second arm section  112 . A screw  140  may pass through the matching support bayonet and mounting screw hole or pass through the matching support bayonet and mounting bayonet to fixate the second arm section  112  on the second support section  122 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  16   , the second support section  122  may comprise a first rib  1221 , a second rib  1222 , a third rib  1223 , a fourth rib  1224 , a fifth rib  1225 , a sixth rib  1226 , and a seventh rib  1227  set in sequence and at angles with each other; every rib basically extends along a straight line. Wherein, two support bayonets as the first support structure  122   a  are formed at the connection of the second rib  1222  with the first rib  1221  and the third rib  1223  and at the connection of the sixth rib  1226  with the fifth rib  1225  and the seventh rib  1227  respectively; the support bayonet as the second support structure  122   b  is formed at the connection of the fourth rib  1224  with the third rib  1223  and the fifth rib  1225 . Furthermore, the angle between adjacent ribs may be a right angle or an acute angle close to a right angle to prevent the opening of the support bayonet from being excessively large, which may result in an unstable connection. 
     As shown in  FIG.  11    and  FIG.  15   , the second arm section  112  may comprise a first wide sub-arm section  1121 , a second narrow sub-arm section  1122 , a third narrow sub-arm section  1123 , a fourth narrow sub-arm section  1124 , and a fifth wide sub-arm section  1125  set in sequence and at angles with each other; every sub-arm section basically extends along a straight line. Because the width of the wide sub-arm sections is larger, it is convenient to open mounting screw holes on them. Specifically, two mounting screw holes as the first mounting structure  112   a  may be formed on the first wide sub-arm section  1121  and the fifth wide sub-arm section  1125 ; the mounting bayonet as the second mounting structure  112   b  may be formed at the connection of the third narrow sub-arm section  1123  with the second narrow sub-arm section  1122  and the fourth narrow sub-arm section  1124 . Similarly, the angle between the adjacent narrow sub-arm sections formed as the mounting bayonet may be a right angle or an acute angle close to a right angle to prevent the opening of the mounting bayonet from being excessively large, which results in unstable connection. Furthermore, arranging the wide sub-arm sections and the narrow sub-arm sections according to a certain manner may also introduce the capacitance or inductance effect, to improve the scattering performance of the radiating element  100  on the electromagnetic waves of the high frequency radiating element below. 
     Similar to the connection between the second arm section  112  and the second support section  122 , the connection between the first arm section  111  and the first support section  121  may also be realized. For example, the first support section  121  may comprise at least one of the following: A support screw hole  123  set on the plate of the first support section  121  and a support protrusion protruding relative to the plate of the first support section  121 . The first arm section  111  may comprise at least one of the following: A mounting bayonet  113  formed by the bent arm section in the first arm section  111  and a mounting screw hole  114  set on the first arm section  111 , and, the support protrusion may be set in the mounting bayonet  113  or the mounting screw hole  114  in a manner similar to a screw  140  to realize the connection. Of course, the support screw hole  123  and the mounting bayonet  113  or the support screw hole  123  and the mounting screw hole  114  may be connected in a fixed manner via a screw  140  directly. 
     In the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in  FIG.  8    through  FIG.  10   ,  FIG.  12    through  FIG.  14   , and  FIG.  16   , in order to strengthen the structural stability of the radiating element  100 , the support piece  120  may also comprise a plurality of support beams  124 . Every support beam  124  may be connected between the first support section  121  and the corresponding support section  122  so that it, along with the first support section  121  and the second support section  122 , forms a triangular support structure, to improve the structural stability. In the embodiments shown in  FIG.  8    through  FIG.  10   ,  FIG.  12    through  FIG.  14   , and  FIG.  16   , the first support section  121  and every second support section  122  are connected by two support beams  124  set in parallel. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, fewer or more support beams may be configured according to the requirement for structural stability. 
     As shown in  FIG.  16   , the support piece  120  may also comprise one or a plurality of support legs  125 . Each support leg  125  may be set on a second side of the first support section  121  so that the radiating element  100  is fixated at a location at a certain distance from the reflector of the antenna array. 
     In some embodiments, the support piece  120  may be formed as one piece, for example, it may be formed of plastic by molding. It can be understood that in the molding process, by adding or removing certain inserts in the mold, the structure of the support piece  120  may also be fine-tuned to meet the assembly requirement of the base station antenna. 
     The present disclosure has also proposed a base station antenna; the base station antenna may comprise the radiating element described above. Because the ends of the dipole arms of the radiating element are bent forwardly or rearwardly, the minimum distance between adjacent radiating elements in the base station antenna array may be reduced, which thus optimizes the radiation performance of the base station antenna. 
     As shown in  FIG.  26    and  FIG.  27   , the radiating element  100  may be used in a base station antenna that includes two low-band antenna arrays and four high-band antenna arrays, where the two low-band arrays are formed using the radiating element  100 , and the high-band antenna arrays are formed using a radiating element  200 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  28    and  FIG.  29   , the radiating element  100  may also be used in a beamforming base station antenna array. 
     As shown in  FIG.  30    and  FIG.  31   , the radiating element  100  may also be used in a base station antenna that includes two low-band antenna arrays, two high-band antenna arrays and a beamforming array. 
     As used herein, the words “front”, “rear”, “top”, “bottom”, “above”, “below”, etc., if present, are used for descriptive purposes and are not necessarily used to describe constant relative positions. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein, for example, can be operated on other orientations that differ from those orientations shown herein or otherwise described. 
     As used herein, the word “exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” rather than as a “model” to be copied exactly. Any realization method described exemplarily herein is not necessarily interpreted as being preferable or advantageous over other realization methods. Furthermore, the present disclosure is not limited by any expressed or implied theory stated in the above technical field, background art, summary of the invention, or specific embodiments. 
     As used herein, the word “basically” means any minor changes including those caused by design or manufacturing defects, device or component tolerances, environmental influences, and/or other factors. The word “basically” also allows for the divergence from the perfect or ideal situation due to parasitic effects, noise, and other practical considerations that may be present in the actual realization. 
     In addition, the above description may have mentioned elements or nodes or features that are “connected” or “coupled” together. As used herein, unless explicitly stated otherwise, “connect” means that an element/node/feature is electrically, mechanically, logically, or in other manners connected (or communicated) with another element/node/feature. Similarly, unless explicitly stated otherwise, “couple” means that one element/node/feature can be mechanically, electrically, logically, or in other manners linked with another element/node/feature in a direct or indirect manner to allow for interaction, even though the two features may not be directly connected. That is, “couple” is intended to comprise direct and indirect linking of elements or other features, including connection using one or a plurality of intermediate components. 
     In addition, for reference purposes only, “first”, “second” and similar terms may also be used herein, and thus are not intended to be limitative. For example, unless the context clearly indicates, the words “first”, “second” and other such numerical words involving structures or elements do not imply a sequence or order. 
     It should also be noted that, as used herein, the words “include/comprise”, “contain”, “have”, and any other variations indicate that the mentioned features, entireties, steps, operations, elements and/or components are present, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or a plurality of other features, entireties, steps, operations, elements, components and/or combinations thereof. 
     In the present disclosure, the term “provide” is used in a broad sense to cover all the ways of obtaining an object, and thus “providing an object” includes but is not limited to “purchase”, “preparation/manufacturing”, “arrangement/setting”, “mounting/assembly”, and/or “order” of the object, etc. 
     Those of ordinary skill in the art should also realize that the boundaries between the above operations are merely illustrative. A plurality of operations can be combined into a single operation, which may be distributed in additional operations, and the operations can be executed at least partially overlapping in time. Moreover, alternative embodiments may include a plurality of instances of specific operations, and the order of operations may be changed in various other embodiments. However, other modifications, changes, and substitutions are also possible. Therefore, the Specification and attached FIG.s hereof should be regarded as illustrative rather than limitative. 
     Although some specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail through examples, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the above examples are only for illustration rather than for limiting the scope of the present disclosure. The embodiments disclosed herein can be combined arbitrarily provided that the combination does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Those of ordinary skill in the art should also understand that various modifications can be made to the embodiments above, provided that they do not depart from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the attached claims.