Patent Publication Number: US-11664379-B2

Title: Integrated circuit semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of and claims priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/718,799, filed on Dec. 18, 2019, which claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0063305, filed on May 29, 2019, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein in entirety by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The inventive concepts relate to an integrated circuit semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to an integrated circuit semiconductor device including transistors and a method of manufacturing the integrated circuit semiconductor device. 
     To meet the consumer demand for integrated semiconductor devices with excellent performance, transistors should be reliably formed on in integrated semiconductor devices. However, as the integrated circuit semiconductor devices have become more highly integrated, when such integrated circuit semiconductor devices include three-dimensional transistors instead of planar transistors, it may be difficult to reliably form three-dimensional transistors on a substrate. 
     SUMMARY 
     The inventive concepts provide an integrated circuit semiconductor device including three-dimensional transistors that are reliably formed. 
     The inventive concepts provide a method of manufacturing the above-described integrated circuit semiconductor device. 
     According to an aspect of the inventive concepts, there is provided an integrated circuit semiconductor device including: a first region including a first transistor, wherein the first transistor includes a first active fin extending in a first direction, a first gate dielectric layer extending from the first active fin onto a first isolation layer in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a first gate electrode formed on the first gate dielectric layer; a second region disposed in contact with the first region in the second direction, wherein the second region includes a second transistor, the second transistor including a second active fin extending in the first direction, a second gate dielectric layer extending from the second active fin onto a second isolation layer in the second direction, and a second gate electrode formed on the second gate dielectric layer; and a gate dielectric layer removal region located in a vicinity of or proximate a boundary between the first region and the second region, wherein the gate dielectric layer removal region is disposed to be shifted to or is offset toward either the first region or the second region in the second direction with respect to the boundary, or is disposed in any one of the first region or the second region. 
     According to an aspect of the inventive concepts, there is provided an integrated circuit semiconductor device including: a first region including a first multi-bridge channel type transistor, wherein the first multi-bridge channel type transistor includes a first active fin protruding from a substrate and extending in a first direction, a first gate dielectric layer extending from the first active fin onto a first isolation layer in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a plurality of first nanosheets stacked apart from the first gate dielectric layer, a third gate dielectric layer surrounding the first nanosheets, and a first gate electrode formed on the first gate dielectric layer and the third gate dielectric layer and formed between the first nanosheets; a second region formed adjacent to the first region in the second direction, wherein the second region includes a second multi-bridge channel type transistor, the second multi-bridge channel type transistor including a second active fin protruding from the substrate and extending in the first direction, a second gate dielectric layer extending from the second active fin onto a second isolation layer in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a plurality of second nanosheets stacked apart from the second gate dielectric layer, a fourth gate dielectric layer surrounding the second nanosheets, and a second gate electrode formed on the second gate dielectric layer and the fourth gate dielectric layer and formed between the second nanosheets; and a gate dielectric layer removal region located on the substrate in a vicinity of or proximate a boundary between the first region and the second region, wherein the gate dielectric layer removal region is disposed to be shifted to or is offset toward either the first region or the second region in the second direction with respect to the boundary, or is disposed in any one of the first region or the second region. 
     According to an aspect of the inventive concepts, there is provided an integrated circuit semiconductor device including: a first region including a first fin type transistor, wherein the first fin type transistor includes a first active fin protruding from a substrate and extending in a first direction, a first gate dielectric layer extending from the first active fin onto a first isolation layer in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a first gate electrode formed on the first gate dielectric layer; a second region disposed in contact with the first region in the second direction, wherein the second region includes a second fin type transistor, the second fin type transistor including a second active fin protruding from the substrate and extending in the first direction, a second gate dielectric layer extending from the second active fin onto a second isolation layer in the second direction, and a second gate electrode formed on the second gate dielectric layer; and a gate dielectric layer removal region located in a vicinity of or proximate a boundary between the first region and the second region, wherein the gate dielectric layer removal region is disposed to be shifted to or is offset toward either the first region or the second region in the second direction with respect to the boundary, or is disposed in any one of the first region or the second region. 
     According to an aspect of the inventive concepts, there is provided a method of manufacturing an integrated circuit semiconductor device, the method including: forming a first active fin defined by a first isolation layer and extending in a first direction in a first region; forming a second active fin defined by a second isolation layer and extending in the first direction in a second region, the second region being adjacent to the first region in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; forming a first gate dielectric layer on the first active fin and the first isolation layer of the first region; forming a second gate dielectric layer on the second active fin and the second isolation layer of the second region; and forming a gate dielectric layer removal region in the vicinity of or proximate a boundary between the first region and the second region, wherein the gate dielectric layer removal region is disposed to be shifted to or is offset toward either the first region or the second region in the second direction with respect to the boundary, or is disposed in any one of the first region or the second region. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments of the inventive concepts will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a layout diagram of an integrated circuit semiconductor device according to some embodiments of the inventive concepts; 
         FIG.  2    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ of the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′ of the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view of an integrated circuit semiconductor device according to some embodiments of the inventive concepts; 
         FIGS.  5 A to  5 E  are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIGS.  6 A and  6 B  are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  3   ; 
         FIG.  7    is a layout diagram of an integrated circuit semiconductor device according to some embodiments of the inventive concepts; 
         FIG.  8    is a cross-sectional view taken along line of the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  7   ; 
         FIG.  9    is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV′ of the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  7   ; 
         FIGS.  10  and  11    are cross-sectional views of an integrated circuit semiconductor device according to some embodiments of the inventive concepts; 
         FIGS.  12 A to  12 E  are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  8   ; 
         FIGS.  13 A and  13 B  are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  9   ; 
         FIG.  14    is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an electronic device including an integrated circuit semiconductor device according to embodiments of the inventive concepts; 
         FIG.  15    is an equivalent circuit diagram of a static random access memory (SRAM) cell according to some embodiments of the inventive concepts; and 
         FIG.  16    is a layout diagram illustrating some embodiments of the SRAM cell of  FIG.  15   . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, embodiments of the inventive concepts will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments of the inventive concepts may be implemented by any one of the embodiments, or may be implemented by combining one or more of the embodiments. Accordingly, the inventive concepts are not to be interpreted as being limited to any one embodiment. 
       FIG.  1    is a layout diagram of an integrated circuit semiconductor device according to some embodiments of the inventive concepts. 
     Specifically, the integrated circuit semiconductor device  10  may include a logic cell region. The logic cell region may include a plurality of cell transistors having high performance, for example, metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors. The cell transistors may include multi-bridge channel type transistors. 
     The integrated circuit semiconductor device  10  may include a first region NR and a second region PR. In some embodiments, the first region NR may be a region where a plurality of first transistors TR 1 , for example, a plurality of first multi-bridge channel type transistors MBC 1 , are formed. The first multi-bridge channel type transistors MBC 1  may include an N-type transistor, for example, an N-type MOS transistor. The terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to distinguish one element from another element, but these elements should not be limited by these terms. 
     In some embodiments, the second region PR may be a region where a plurality of second transistors TR 2 , for example, a plurality of second multi-bridge channel type transistors MBC 2 , are formed. The second multi-bridge channel type transistors MBC 2  may include a P-type transistor, for example, a P-type MOS transistor. 
     In  FIG.  1   , a first direction (an X direction) may be a direction of a channel length, and a second direction (a Y direction) may be a direction of a channel width. The first transistors TR 1  of the first region NR may include at least one active fin  102   a  and the second transistors TR 2  of the second region PR may include at least one active fin  102   b . In some embodiments, the first transistor TR 1  of the first region NR may include two active fins  102   a  and the second transistor TR 2  of the second region PR may include two active fins  102   b.    
     Hereinafter, the channel width will be described, for example, based on a case where the first transistors TR 1  and the second transistors TR 2  include one active fin  102   a  and  102   b , respectively. Hereinafter, a layout of the integrated circuit semiconductor device  10  will be described in more detail, and the inventive concepts are not limited to the layout shown in  FIG.  1   . 
     The integrated circuit semiconductor device  10  may include a plurality of first active fins  102   a  and a plurality of second active fins  102   b  extending in the first direction. A first width of the first active fins  102   a , i.e., the first width in the second direction, may be W 1 . A second width of the second active fins  102   b , i.e., the second width in the second direction, may be W 2  which is different from the first width W 1 . In some embodiments, the first width W 1  may be greater than the second width W 2 . 
     The first active fins  102   a  and the second active fins  102   b  may be each formed in the first region NR and the second region PR, respectively. The first active fins  102   a  located in the first region NR may be provided as an active region of the first transistor TR 1 . The second active fins  102   b  located in the second region PR may be provided as an active region of the second transistor TR 2 . 
     An isolation layer may be provided between the first active fins  102   a  and between the second active fins  102   b . The integrated circuit semiconductor device  10  may include a plurality of first gate electrodes  118   a  and a plurality of second gate electrodes  118   b  each extending in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction to which the first active fins  102   a  and the second active fins  102   b  extend. 
     A plurality of first nanosheets  106   a  may be stacked in a region where the first active fins  102   a  and the first gate electrodes  118   a  intersect in the first region NR. A plurality of second nanosheets  106   b  may be stacked in a region where the second active fins  102   b  and the second gate electrodes  118   b  intersect in the second region PR. 
     The first nanosheets  106   a  and the second nanosheets  106   b  may each include four nanosheets in this embodiment, but the inventive concepts are not limited thereto. For example, the first nanosheets  106   a  and the second nanosheets  106   b  may each include at least one nanosheet. 
     Although cross-sections of the first nanosheets  106   a  and the second nanosheets  106   b  are illustrated as a rectangular shape in this embodiment, the first nanosheets  106   a  and the second nanosheets  106   b  may have a circular shape and may be referred to as nanowires. 
     A width (in the second direction) of the first nanosheets  106   a  that constitute the first transistors TR 1  in the first region NR may be W 3   a . A width (in the second direction) of the second nanosheets  106   b  that constitute the second transistors TR 2  in the second region PR may be W 4   a , wherein W 4   a  is different from W 3   a  and may be less than W 3   a.    
     Accordingly, since the width W 3   a  of the first nanosheets  106   a  is different from the width W 4   a  of the second nanosheets  106   b , a first channel width of the first transistor TR 1  and a second channel width of the second transistor TR 2  may be different. In some embodiments, the first channel width of the first transistor TR 1  may be greater than the second channel width of the second transistor TR 2 . 
     The first region NR and the second region PR may be adjacent or in contact with each other in the second direction (the Y direction) in the layout diagram. That is, the second region PR may be located below and/or above the first region NR. In some embodiments, the first region NR and the second region PR may be alternately and repeatedly arranged in the second direction (the Y direction), such that a respective first region NR may be immediately adjacent a respective second region PR. As used herein, when an element or region is “directly on” or “directly contacts” or is “immediately adjacent” another element or region, no intervening elements are present. 
     As described above, the plurality of first transistors TR 1  may be formed in the second direction in the first region NR. The plurality of second transistors TR 2  may be formed in the second direction in the second region PR. Source/drain regions (not shown) may be formed in the first and second active fins  102   a  and  102   b  on both sides of the first and second nanosheets  106   a  and  106   b  and the first and second gate electrodes  118   a  and  118   b  in the first direction. 
     A boundary, for example a boundary line IF, extending in the first direction (the X direction) may be defined at an interface between the first region NR and the second region PR. The boundary line IF may be a metal gate boundary line. Threshold voltages of the first transistors TR 1  of the first region NR and threshold voltages of the second transistors TR 2  of the second region PR may deviate from designed values depending on distances apart from the boundary line IF. 
     It is considered that since impurities contained in a metal layer may diffuse into a gate dielectric layer located near the boundary line IF, the threshold voltages of the first transistors TR 1  and the second transistors TR 2  may deviate from the designed values, and therefore it may be referred to as a metal gate boundary effect. In order to reduce or prevent the metal gate boundary effect, according to the inventive concepts, a first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  where a gate dielectric layer is removed may be located in the vicinity of or proximate the boundary line IF of the first region NR and the second region PR. 
     As used herein, a gate dielectric layer removal region may refer to a region in which portions of a gate dielectric layer have been removed or is otherwise substantially free of a gate dielectric layer, for example, a region separating a first and a second gate dielectric layers (of adjacent first and second transistors). For example, portions of a gate dielectric layer may be removed to define a first gate dielectric layer and a second gate dielectric layer, which are separated by the gate dielectric layer removal region therebetween. 
     The first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  may be disposed to be shifted to either the first region NR or the second region PR in the second direction with respect to the boundary line IF. In other words, the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  may be offset from the boundary line IF towards the first region NR or towards the second region PR. The first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  may have different distances from the boundary line IF toward the first region NR and the second region PR in the second direction. Accordingly, the threshold voltages of the first transistors TR 1  and the second transistors TR 2  located in the first region NR and the second region PR may be reduced or prevented from deviating from the designed values. 
     In some embodiments, a width of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  in the second direction may be W 5 . Opposing boundaries of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  may have distances d 1  and d 2  from the boundary line IF toward the first region NR and the second region PR, respectively, in the second direction. 
     In the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 , a first gate cut region CT 1  where the first and second gate electrodes  118   a  and  118   b  are separated or broken in the second direction may be located. The first gate cut region CT 1  may be more easily formed in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 . In some embodiments, a width of the first gate cut region CT 1  in the second direction may be W 6  which is less than W 5 . 
     In some embodiments, a second gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 - 1  may be located in the first region NR. In some embodiments, a width of the second gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 - 1  in the second direction may be W 5 - 1 . In some embodiments, the width W 5 - 1  of the second gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 - 1  may be equal to or less than the width W 5  of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 . 
     A second gate cut region CT 2  where the first gate electrode  118   a  is separated or broken may be disposed in the second gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 - 1  of the first region NR. In some embodiments, a width of the second gate cut region CT 2  in the second direction may be W 6 , equal to the width of the first gate cut region CT 1 . A second gate cut pattern defining the second gate cut region CT 2  may include an insulating layer, for example, a silicon nitride layer. 
     In some embodiments, the second gate cut region CT 2  in the first region NR may have a shape that extends in whole or in part in the first direction. In some embodiments, the second gate cut region CT 2  may be a region that cuts or separates two first gate electrodes  118   a  or four first gate electrodes  118   a  in. 
     In some embodiments, a third gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 - 2  may be located in the second region PR. In some embodiments, the width of the third gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 - 2  in the second direction may be W 5 - 2 . In some embodiments, the width W 5 - 2  of the third gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 - 2  may be equal to or less than the width W 5  of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 . 
     A third gate cut region CT 3  where the second gate electrode  118   b  is separated or broken may be disposed in the second region PR. In some embodiments, a width of the third gate cut region CT 3  in the second direction may be W 6 , like the widths of the first gate cut region CT 1  and the second gate cut region CT 2 . 
     In some embodiments, the third gate cut region CT 3  in the second region PR may have a shape fully or partially extending in the first direction. In some embodiments, the third gate cut region CT 3  may be a region that cuts or separates two second gate electrodes  118   b  or four second gate electrodes  118   b.    
       FIG.  2    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ of the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  1   . 
     Specifically, the integrated circuit semiconductor device  10  may include the first transistor TR 1  and the second transistor TR 2  in the first region NR and the second region PR of the substrate  100 , respectively. The first transistor TR 1  and the second transistor TR 2  may each include a first multi-bridge channel type transistor MBC 1  and a second multi-bridge channel type transistor MBC 2 . The integrated circuit semiconductor device  10  may include the first active fin  102   a  and the second active fin  102   b  protruding from the substrate  100  in a third direction (a Z direction). 
     The substrate  100  may include a semiconductor material such as silicon, germanium, silicon-germanium, and the like or a Group III-V semiconductor compound such as GaP, GaAs, GaSb, and the like. In some embodiments, the substrate  100  may include a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate or a germanium-on-insulator (GOI) substrate. 
     The first active fin  102   a  and the second active fin  102   b  may extend in the first direction (the X direction) as described above. The first active fin  102   a  and the second active fin  102   b  may have different widths in a second direction (the Y direction), i.e., the widths of W 1  and W 2 . 
     In some embodiments, a first width W 1  of the first active fin  102   a  may be greater than a second width W 2  of the second active fin  102   b  in the second direction. In some embodiments, an upper width W 1   a  of the first active fin  102   a  may be less than a lower width W 1   b  thereof. An upper width W 2   a  of the second active fin  102   b  may be less than a lower width W 2   b  thereof. 
     A first isolation layer  104   a  and a second isolation layer  104   b  may be formed on a portion of the substrate  100  except for the portion of the substrate  100 , on which the first active fin  102   a  and the second active fin  102   b  are formed. The first isolation layer  104   a  and the second isolation layer  104   b  may include a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a combination thereof. The first isolation layer  104   a  and the second isolation layer  104   b  may be formed around the first active fin  102   a  and the second active fin  102   b , respectively. 
     In some embodiments, the first active fin  102   a  and the second active fin  102   b  may include a first fin protrusion portion  102   p  and a second fin protrusion portion  102   q  which protrude from surfaces of the first isolation layer  104   a  and the second isolation layer  104   b , respectively. The first fin protrusion portion  102   p  and the second fin protrusion portion  102   q  may not be formed in some embodiments. 
     In the first region NR, a first gate dielectric layer  108   a  may extend from the first active fin  102   a  and the first fin protrusion portion  102   p  onto the first isolation layer  104   a  in the second direction (the Y direction). The first gate dielectric layer  108   a  may be formed on an upper surface and a side surface of the first fin protrusion portion  102   p  and formed on a part of an upper surface of the first isolation layer  104   a.    
     A plurality of first nanosheets  106   a  may be stacked on the first gate dielectric layer  108   a  to be spaced apart from one another and a third gate dielectric layer  108   c  may be formed to surround the first nanosheets  106   a . A width and a height of the first nanosheets  106   a  in the first region NR may each be W 3   a  and W 3   b . The first gate electrode  118   a  may be formed on the first gate dielectric layer  108   a  and the third gate dielectric layer  108   c  and between the first nanosheets  106   a . In other words, the first gate electrode  118   a  may be formed on the first gate dielectric layer  108   a  and the third gate dielectric layer  108   c  surrounding the first nanosheets  106   a.    
     In the second region PR, the second gate dielectric layer  108   b  may extend from the second active fin  102   b  and the second fin protrusion portion  102   q  onto the second isolation layer  104   b  in the second direction (the Y direction). The second gate dielectric layer  108   b  may be formed on an upper surface and a side surface of the second fin protrusion portion  102   q  and formed on a part of an upper surface of the second isolation layer  104   b.    
     A plurality of second nanosheets  106   b  may be stacked on the second gate dielectric layer  108   b  to be apart from one another and a fourth gate dielectric layer  108   d  may be formed to surround the second nanosheets  106   b . A width and a height of the second nanosheets  106   b  in the second region PR may each be W 4   a  and W 4   b.    
     A first channel width (in the second direction) of the first transistors TR 1  in the first region NR may be determined based on the width W 3   a  and the height W 3   b  of the first nanosheets  106   a  and the number of the stacked first nanosheets  106   a . That is, the first channel width may be (W 3   a +2×W 3   b )×4. 
     A second channel width (in the second direction) of the second transistors TR 2  in the second region PR may be determined based on the width W 4   a  and the height W 4   b  of the second nanosheets  106   b  and the number of the stacked second nanosheets  106   b . That is, the second channel width may be (W 4   a+ 2×W 4   b )×4. 
     In some embodiments, when the width W 3   a  of the first nanosheets  106   a  is different from the width W 4   a  of the second nanosheets  106   b , the first channel width and the second channel width may be different. In some embodiments, when the width W 3   a  of the first nanosheets  106   a  is greater than the width W 4   a  of the second nanosheets  106   b , the first channel width may be greater than the second channel width. 
     In some embodiments, a threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a  may be formed on surfaces of the second gate dielectric layer  108   b  and the fourth gate dielectric layer  108   d  and between the second nanosheets  106   b , as needed or desired for threshold voltage adjustment. The threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a  may include a metal material having a work function that matches the threshold voltage characteristics of the second transistor TR 2 , for example, a P-type transistor. In some embodiments, the threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a  may include, for example, Ti, TiN, Ta, TaN, and the like. 
     A second gate electrode  118   b  may be formed on the threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a . When the threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a  is not formed, the second gate electrode  118   b  may be formed on the surfaces of the second gate dielectric layer  108   b  and the fourth gate dielectric layer  108   d  and formed between the second nanosheets  106   b . The first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  may be connected to each other. In the integrated circuit semiconductor device  10 , an interlayer insulating film may be formed except regions where the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  are formed. 
     In some embodiments, the first to fourth gate dielectric layers  108   a  to  108   d  may include high dielectric constant dielectric layers having a higher dielectric constant than a silicon oxide layer. For example, the first to fourth gate dielectric layers  108   a  to  108   d  may include at least one material selected from hafnium oxide (HfO2), hafnium silicate (HfSiO), hafnium oxynitride (HfON), hafnium silicon oxynitride (HfSiON), hafnium aluminum oxide (HfAlO3), lanthanum oxide (LaO), lanthanum aluminum oxide (LaAlO), zirconium oxide (ZrO), zirconium silicate (ZrSiO), zirconium oxynitride (ZrON), zirconium silicon oxynitride (ZrSiON), titanium oxide (TiO2), barium strontium titanium oxide (BaSrTiO), barium titanium oxide (BaTiO), strontium titanium oxide (SrTiO), yttrium oxide (YO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), tantalum oxide (Ta2O3), or lead scandium tantalum oxide (PbScTaO). 
     In some embodiments, the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  may include metal or metal nitride. According to an example embodiment, the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  may include Ti, TiN, Ta, TaN, TiAlC, TiAlCN, TiAlSiCN, Co, W, and the like. 
     In the vicinity of the boundary line IF between the first region NR and the second region PR, the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  from which a gate dielectric layer is removed may be located. The width of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  in the second direction may be W 5 . The first gate dielectric layer  108   a  and the second gate dielectric layer  108   b  may be partially removed at portions of the first isolation layer  104   a  and the second isolation layer  104   b , the portions being near or proximate the boundary line IF of the first region NR and the second region PR. 
     The above-described metal gate boundary effect may be reduced or prevented by forming the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 . The first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  may be disposed to be shifted to or offset toward either the first region NR or the second region PR in the second direction (the Y direction) with respect to the boundary line IF as described above. 
     In some embodiments, a distance d 1  from the boundary line IF to an edge of the first gate dielectric layer  108   a  may be different from a distance d 2  from the boundary line IF to an edge of the second gate dielectric layer  108   b  in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 . In some embodiments, in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 , the distance d 1  from the boundary line IF to the edge of the first gate dielectric layer  108   a  may be less than the distance d 2  from the boundary line IF to the edge of the second gate dielectric layer  108   b.    
     The threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a  may be formed on one side of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  to extend along or cover the second gate dielectric layer  108   b . The threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a  may not be connected to the first gate dielectric layer  108   a . Due to the threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a , a first step portion ST 1  may be formed in one side of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  of the second region PR. A distance from the boundary line IF to the threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a  in the second region PR may be d 3 , which is less than d 2 . 
       FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′ of the integrated circuit semiconductor device  10  of  FIG.  1   . 
     Specifically, the same reference numerals in  FIGS.  2  and  3    denote the same elements. The integrated circuit semiconductor device  10  of  FIG.  3    may further include a first gate cut region CT 1 . The first gate cut region CT 1  may be a region for cutting the first and second gate electrodes  118   a  and  118   b  in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 . 
     The first gate cut region CT 1  may be more easily formed because the first gate cut region CT 1  is formed over the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 . In addition, since a gate dielectric layer is not formed in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 , a gate electrode material may be more easily etched. In some embodiments, a width of the first gate cut region CT 1  in the second direction may be W 6 . The first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  may be separated from each other due to the first gate cut region CT 1 . 
     In some embodiments, a gate cut pattern  124  that defines the first gate cut region CT 1  may include an insulating layer, for example, a silicon nitride layer. In some embodiments, one side wall of the gate cut pattern  124  defining the first gate cut region CT 1  may be inclined in the third direction (the Z direction) perpendicular to a plane defined by the first direction and the second direction. In other words, one side wall of the gate cutting pattern  124  may be inclined from a surface of the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  toward a bottom thereof. 
     In some embodiments, a lower width W 6   b  of the gate cut pattern  124  may be less than an upper width W 6   a  thereof. The bottom of the gate cutting pattern  124  may be located below upper surfaces of the isolation layers  104   a  and  104   b.    
       FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view of an integrated circuit semiconductor device according to some embodiments of the inventive concepts. 
     Specifically, the integrated circuit semiconductor device  20  may be the same as or similar to the integrated circuit semiconductor device  10  of  FIG.  2    except that the formation position of a first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2   a  is different. In  FIG.  4   , the same reference numerals as those in  FIG.  2    denote the same elements, and the same content will be simply explained or omitted. 
     In some embodiments, the integrated circuit semiconductor device  20  may have the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2   a  formed in the first region NR with respect to the boundary line IF. In some embodiments, a gate dielectric layer removal region may be formed in the second region PR, in contrast to  FIG.  4   . 
     The second gate dielectric layer  108   b  may extend to the first region NR with respect to the boundary line IF. The second gate dielectric layer  108   b  may extend from the boundary line IF to the first region NR by a distance d 5  in the second direction. One end of the first gate dielectric layer  108   a  may be located at a distance d 4  from the boundary line IF to the first region NR in the second direction. Accordingly, the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2   a  may be a region disposed between the distance d 4  from the boundary line IF to the first gate dielectric layer  108   a  in the direction to the first region NR and the distance d 5  from the boundary line IF to the second gate dielectric layer  108   b  in the direction to the first region NR. 
     The integrated circuit semiconductor device  20  may include a threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a - 1  formed on the second gate dielectric layer  108   b  in the second region PR. In the second region PR, a distance from the boundary line IF to the threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a - 1  may be d 6 . A second step portion ST 2  may be formed between the threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a - 1  and the second gate dielectric layer  108   b.    
       FIGS.  5 A to  5 E  are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  2   . 
     Specifically, in  FIGS.  5 A to  5 E , the same reference numerals as in  FIGS.  1  and  2    denote the same elements. In  FIGS.  5 A to  5 E , the same content as that of  FIGS.  1  and  2    will be briefly described or omitted. 
     Referring to  FIG.  5 A , the first active fin  102   a  including the first fin protrusion portion  102   p  and the second active fin  102   b  including the second fin protrusion portion  102   q  may be formed on the substrate  100  where the first region NR and the second region PR are formed. 
     The first active fin  102   a  and the second active fin  102   b  may be formed to have the first width W 1  and the second width W 2 , respectively. The upper width W 1   a  of the first active fin  102   a  may be less than the lower width W 1   b . The upper width W 2   a  of the second active fin  102   b  may be less than the lower width W 2   b . The first isolation layer  104   a  and the second isolation layer  104   b  may be formed on a portion of the substrate  100 , except for the portion of the substrate on which the first active fin  102   a  and the second active fin  102   b  are formed. 
     The plurality of first nanosheets  106   a  and the plurality of second nanosheets  106   b  may be formed on or over the first active fin  102   a  and the second active fin  102   b , respectively. The first nanosheets  106   a  and the second nanosheets  106   b  may be formed to have the widths W 3  and W 4 , respectively. A gate dielectric material layer  108  may be formed on the first active fin  102   a , the second active fin  102   b , the first isolation layer  104   a , and the second isolation layer  104   b . In addition, the third gate dielectric layer  108   c  and the fourth gate dielectric layer  108   d  may be formed to surround the first nanosheets  106   a  and the second nanosheets  106   b , respectively. 
     Subsequently, a first mask pattern  110  having a first opening  112  for exposing a portion of the gate dielectric material layer  108  may be formed in the vicinity of the boundary line IF of the first region NR and the second region PR. The first mask pattern  110  may cover the first active fin  102   a , the first nanosheets  106   a  surrounded by the third gate dielectric layer  108   c , the second active fin  102   b , the second nanosheets  106   b  surrounded by the fourth gate dielectric layer  108   d , and a portion of the gate dielectric material layer  108 . The first opening  112  may correspond to the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 . The first opening  112  may have distances d 1  and d 2  from the boundary line IF toward the first region NR and the second region PR in the second direction, respectively. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  5 B and  5 C , a portion of the gate dielectric material layer  108  may be etched by using the first mask pattern  110  as an etch mask to form the first gate dielectric layer  108   a  and the second gate dielectric layer  108   b  as shown in  FIG.  5 B . Accordingly, the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  at which the portion of the gate dielectric material layer  108  in  FIG.  5 A  is removed may be formed in the vicinity of the boundary line IF of the first region NR and the second region PR. The width of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  may be W 5 . The first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2  may have distances d 1  and d 2  from the boundary line IF toward the first region NR and the second region PR in the second direction, respectively. 
     The first mask pattern  110  in  FIG.  5 B  may be removed as shown in  FIG.  5 C . A threshold voltage adjustment material layer  114  may be formed on the first gate dielectric layer  108   a , the third gate dielectric layer  108   c  surrounding the first nanosheets  106   a , the second gate dielectric layer  108   b , the fourth gate dielectric layer  108   d  surrounding the second nanosheets  106   b , the first isolation layer  104   a , and the second isolation layer  104   b . The threshold voltage adjustment material layer  114  may be formed on the entire surface of the substrate  100 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  5 D and  5 E , a second mask pattern  116  may be formed to have a second opening  117  exposing all of the first region NR and a portion of the threshold voltage adjustment material layer  114  of the second region PR, as shown in  FIG.  5 D . A distance of the second opening  117  from the boundary IF to the second mask pattern  116  may be d 3 . Then, the threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a  may be formed in the second region PR by etching a portion of the threshold voltage adjustment material layer  114  in the first region NR in  FIG.  5 C  by using the second mask pattern  116  as an etch mask. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5 E , the second mask pattern  116  may be removed. In this case, the distance from the boundary line IF to one end of the threshold voltage adjustment layer  114   a  in the second region PR may be d 3 . Further, as shown in  FIG.  2   , the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  may be formed on the first region NR and the second region PR, respectively. 
       FIGS.  6 A and  6 B  are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  3   . 
     Specifically, in  FIGS.  6 A and  6 B , the same reference numerals as in  FIGS.  1  to  3    and  FIGS.  5 A to  5 E  denote the same elements. In  FIGS.  6 A and  6 B , the same contents as those in  FIGS.  1  to  3    and  FIGS.  5 A to  5 E  may be briefly described or omitted. 
     As described above with reference to  FIGS.  2  and  5 A to  5 E , the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  may be formed on the first region NR and the second region PR, respectively. As shown in  FIG.  2   , the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  may be connected to each other. 
     Next, as shown in  FIG.  6 A , a third opening  120  may be formed through the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  in the vicinity of the boundary line IF of the first region NR and the second region PR. A bottom of the third opening  120  may be below upper surfaces of the isolation layers  104   a  and  104   b.    
     Since the third opening  120  may be formed in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 2 , the third opening  120  may be more easily formed. In addition, since the third opening  120  may be formed in a region where a gate dielectric layer is removed, the third opening  120  may be more easily formed without excessively damaging an interlayer insulating layer (not shown) formed around the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b.    
     The width of the third opening  120  in the second direction may be W 6 . One side wall of the third opening  120  may be inclined from the upper surfaces of the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  toward the bottom surfaces thereof. In some embodiments, a bottom width W 6   b  of the third opening  120  may be less than a top or upper width W 6   a . The first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  may be separated from each other due to the third opening  120 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  6 B , a gate cut material layer  122  may be formed on the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  while filling the third opening  120 . The gate cut material layer  122  may be planarized to form the gate cut pattern  124  as shown in  FIG.  3   . 
     The gate cut pattern  124  may define the first gate cut region CT 1  as shown in  FIG.  3   . The first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  may be electrically separated from each other due to the gate cut pattern  124  constituting the first gate cut region CT 1 . 
       FIG.  7    is a layout diagram of an integrated circuit semiconductor device according to some embodiments of the inventive concepts. 
     Specifically, an integrated circuit semiconductor device  40  may be the same as or similar to the integrated circuit semiconductor device  10  of  FIG.  1   , except that first transistors TR 1 - 1  and second transistors TR 2 - 1  include fin type transistors. Regarding  FIG.  7   , the description corresponding to  FIG.  1    may be briefly described or omitted. The integrated circuit semiconductor device  40  may include a plurality of cell transistors, for example, MOS transistors. The cell transistors may be fin type transistors. 
     The integrated circuit semiconductor device  40  may include a first region NR and a second region PR. In some embodiments, the first region NR may be a region where a plurality of first transistors TR 1 - 1 , for example, first fin type transistors FIN 1 , are formed. The first fin type transistor FIN 1  may be N-type transistor, for example, N-type MOS transistor. 
     In some embodiments, the second region PR may be a region where a plurality of second transistors TR 2 - 1 , for example, second fin type transistors FIN 2 , are formed. The second fin type transistor FIN 2  may be P-type transistor, for example, P-type MOS transistor. 
     In  FIG.  7   , a first direction (an X direction) may be a direction of a channel length, and a second direction (a Y direction) may be a direction of a channel width. The first transistors TR 1 - 1  and the second transistors TR 2 - 1  of the first region NR and the second region PR may include at least one active fin  202   a  and  202   b , respectively. For example, in some embodiments, the first transistors TR 1 - 1  and the second transistors TR 2 - 1  of the first region NR and the second region PR may include at least two active fins  202   a  and  202   b , respectively. 
     Hereinafter, the channel width will be described based on an example in which the first transistors TR 1 - 1  and the second transistors TR 2 - 1  include one active fin  202   a  and  202   b , respectively. Hereinafter, a layout of the integrated circuit semiconductor device  40  will be described in more detail, but the inventive concepts are not limited to the layout shown in  FIG.  7   . 
     The integrated circuit semiconductor device  40  may include a plurality of first active fins  202   a  and a plurality of second active fins  202   b , the first active fins  202   a  and the second active fins  202   b  extending in the first direction. A first width of the first active fins  202   a , i.e., the first width in the second direction, may be W 7 . A second width of the second active fins  202   b , i.e., the second width in the second direction, may be W 8  which is different from the first width W 7 . In some embodiments, the first width W 7  may be greater than the second width W 8 . 
     The first active fins  202   a  located in the first region NR may be provided as an active region of the first transistor TR 1 - 1 . The second active fins  202   b  located in the second region PR may be provided as an active region of the second transistor TR 2 - 1 . An isolation layer may be provided between the first active fins  202   a.    
     The integrated circuit semiconductor device  40  may include a plurality of first gate electrodes  218   a  and a plurality of second gate electrodes  218   b , extending in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which the first active fins  202   a  and the second active fins  202   b  extend. A first channel width in the second direction of the first transistors TR 1 - 1  in the first region NR may be determined by a width W 9   a  of the first active fin  202   a  located under the first gate electrode  218   a.    
     A second channel width in the second direction of the second transistors TR 2 - 1  in the second region PR may be different from the first channel width, and may be determined by a width W 10   a  of the second active fin  202   b  located under the second gate electrode  218   b . Since the width W 9   a  of the first active fin  202   a  located under the first gate electrode  218   a  and the width W 10   a  of the second active fin  202   b  located under the second gate electrode  218   b  may be different from each other, the first channel width of the first transistor TR 1 - 1  may be different from the second channel width of the second transistor TR 2 - 1 . In some embodiments, the first channel width of the first transistor TR 1 - 1  may be greater than the second channel width of the second transistor TR 2 - 1 . 
     The first region NR and the second region PR may be disposed in contact with or immediately adjacent each other in the second direction (the Y direction) in the layout diagram. The plurality of first transistors TR 1 - 1  may be formed in the second direction in the first region NR. The plurality of second transistors TR 2 - 1  may be formed in the second direction in the second region PR. Source/drain regions (not shown) may be formed in the first active fins  202   a  and  202   b  on both sides of the gate electrodes  218   a  and  218   b  in the first direction. 
     A boundary, for example a boundary line IF, extending in the first direction (the X direction) may be defined at an interface between the first region NR and the second region PR. The boundary line IF may be a metal gate boundary line. As described above, threshold voltages of the first transistors TR 1 - 1  of the first region NR and threshold voltages of the second transistors TR 2 - 1  of the second region PR may deviate from designed values by the metal gate boundary effect depending on distances by which the transistors TR 1 - 1  and TR 2 - 1  are spaced apart from the boundary line IF. 
     In order to reduce or prevent the metal gate boundary effect, according to the inventive concepts, a first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  may be disposed in the vicinity of the boundary line IF of the first region NR and the second region PR. The first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  may be disposed to be shifted to or offset toward either the first region NR or the second region PR in the second direction with respect to the boundary line IF. 
     The first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  may have different distances from the boundary line IF toward the first region NR and the second region PR in the second direction, respectively. Accordingly, the threshold voltages of the first transistors TR 1 - 1  and the second transistors TR 2 - 1  respectively located in the first region NR and the second region PR may be reduced or prevented from deviating from the designed values. 
     In some embodiments, a width of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  in the second direction may be W 11 . The first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  may respectively have a distance d 7  and d 8  from the boundary line IF toward the first region NR and the second region PR in the second direction. 
     In the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 , a first gate cut region CT 4  where the first and second gate electrodes  218   a  and  218   b  are separated or broken in the second direction may be located. The first gate cut region CT 4  may be more easily formed in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 . In some embodiments, a width (in the second direction) of the first gate cut region CT 4  may be W 12 . A second gate cut pattern defining the first gate cut region CT 4  may include an insulating layer, for example, a silicon nitride layer. 
     In some embodiments, a second gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 - 1  may be located in the first region NR. In some embodiments, a width W 11 - 1  of the second gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 - 1  in the second direction may be equal to or less than the width W 11  of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 . A second gate cut region CT 5  where the first gate electrode  218   a  is separated or broken may be disposed in the second gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 - 1  of the first region NR. 
     In some embodiments, a width (in the second direction) of the second gate cut region CT 5  may be W 12 , equal to the width of the first gate cut region CT 4 . A second gate cut pattern defining the second gate cut region CT 5  may include an insulating layer, for example, a silicon nitride layer. 
     In some embodiments, a third gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 - 2  may be located in the second region PR. A width of the third gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 - 2  in the second direction may be W 11 - 2 , which is equal to or less than W 11 . 
     A third gate cut region CT 6  in which the second gate electrode  218   b  is separated or broken may be disposed in the second region PR. In some embodiments, a width (in the second direction) of the third gate cut region CT 6  may be W 12 , equal to the widths of the first gate cut region CT 4  and the second gate cut region CT 5 . A gate cut pattern defining the third gate cut region CT 6  may include an insulating layer, for example, a silicon nitride layer. 
       FIG.  8    is a cross-sectional view taken along line of the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  7   . 
     Specifically, the integrated circuit semiconductor device  40  may include the first transistor TR 1 - 1  and the second transistor TR 2 - 1  in the first region NR and the second region PR, respectively. The first transistor TR 1 - 1  and the second transistor TR 2 - 1  may be a first fin type transistor FIN 1  and a second fin type transistor FIN 2 , respectively. The integrated circuit semiconductor device  40  may include the first active fin  202   a  and the second active fin  202   b  protruding from a substrate  200  in a third direction (a Z direction). The substrate  200  may include the same material as the substrate  100  of  FIG.  2    described above. 
     The first active fin  202   a  and the second active fin  202   b  may extend in the first direction (the X direction) as described above. The first active fin  202   a  and the second active fin  202   b  may have different widths in the Y direction, i.e., the widths of W 7  and W 8 . 
     In some embodiments, a first width W 7  of the first active fin  202   a  may be greater than a second width W 8  of the second active fin  202   b  in the second direction. In some embodiments, an upper width W 7   a  of the first active fin  202   a  may be less than a lower width W 7   b  thereof. An upper width W 8   a  of the second active fin  202   b  may be less than a lower width W 8   b  thereof. 
     A first isolation layer  204   a  and a second isolation layer  204   b  may be formed on the substrate  200  except for the first active fin  202   a  and the second active fin  202   b . The first isolation layer  204   a  and the second isolation layer  204   b  may include a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a combination thereof. The first isolation layer  204   a  and the second isolation layer  204   b  may be formed around the first active fin  202   a  and the second active fin  202   b.    
     In some embodiments, the first active fin  202   a  and the second active fin  202   b  may include a first fin protrusion portion  202   p  and a second fin protrusion portion  202   q  which protrude from surfaces of the first isolation layer  204   a  and the second isolation layer  204   b , respectively. The width and height of the first fin protrusion portion  202   p  defining the first active fin  202   a  in the first region NR may be W 9   a  and W 9   b , respectively. 
     In the first region NR, a first gate dielectric layer  208   a  may extend from the first active fin  202   a  and the first fin protrusion portion  202   p  onto the first isolation layer  204   a  in the second direction (the Y direction). The first gate dielectric layer  208   a  may be formed on an upper surface and a side surface of the first fin protrusion portion  202   p  and on a portion of an upper surface of the first isolation layer  204   a . The first gate electrode  218   a  may be formed on the first gate dielectric layer  208   a.    
     In the second region PR, a second gate dielectric layer  208   b  may extend from the second active fin  202   b  and the second fin protrusion portion  202   q  onto the second isolation layer  204   b  in the second direction (the Y direction). The second gate dielectric layer  208   b  may be formed on an upper surface and a side surface of the second fin protrusion portion  202   q  and on a portion of an upper surface of the second isolation layer  204   b.    
     The first gate dielectric layer  208   a  and the second gate dielectric layer  208   b  may include the same material as the first to fourth gate dielectric layers  108   a  to  108   d  described above with reference to  FIG.  2   . The first gate electrode  218   a  and a second gate electrode  218   b  (discussed below) may include the same material as the first gate electrode  118   a  and the second gate electrode  118   b  described above with reference to  FIG.  2   . 
     The width and height of the second fin protrusion portion  202   q  defining the second active fin  202   b  in the second region PR may be W 10   a  and W 10   b , respectively. In some embodiments, a threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   a  may be formed on the second gate dielectric layer  208   b  of the second region PR. The threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   a  may include a metal material having a work function that matches the threshold voltage characteristics of the second transistor TR 2 - 1 , for example, a P-type transistor. In some embodiments, the threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   a  may include Ti, TiN, Ta, TaN, and the like. 
     A second gate electrode  218   b  may be formed on the threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   a . In embodiments where the threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   a  is not formed, the second gate electrode  218   b  may be formed on the second gate dielectric layer  208   b . The first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  may be connected to each other. 
     A first channel width of the first transistors TR 1 - 1  in the second direction in the first region NR may be determined by the width W 9   a  and the height W 9   b  of the first fin protrusion portion  202   p . That is, the first channel width may be (W 9   a+ 2×W 9   b ). A second channel width of the second transistors TR 2 - 1  in the second direction in the second region PR may be determined by the width W 10   a  and height W 10   b  of the second fin protrusion portion  202   q . That is, the second channel width may be (W 10   a+ 2×W 10   b ). 
     In some embodiments, since the width W 9   a  of the first fin protrusion portion  202   p  may be different from the width W 10   a  of the second fin protrusion portion  202   q , the first channel width and the second channel width may be different. In some embodiments, when the width W 9   a  of the first fin protrusion portion  202   p  is greater than the width W 10   a  of the second fin protrusion portion  202   q , the first channel width may be greater than the second channel width. 
     In order to reduce or prevent the metal gate boundary effect, the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  where the gate dielectric layer is not formed may be located in the vicinity of the boundary line IF between the first region NR and the second region PR. The width (in the second direction) of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  may be W 11 . 
     The first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  may be disposed to be shifted to or offset toward either the first region NR or the second region PR in the second direction (the Y direction) with respect to the boundary line IF. In some embodiments, opposing edges of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  may have different distances d 7  and d 8  from the boundary line IF to the first gate dielectric layer  208   a  and the second gate dielectric layer  208   b , respectively. In some embodiments, the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  may have the distance d 7  from the boundary line IF to the first gate dielectric layer  208   a , in which the distance d 7  may be less than the distance d 8  from the boundary line IF to the second gate dielectric layer  208   b.    
     The threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   a  may be formed on one side of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  to cover the second gate dielectric layer  208   b . The threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   a  may not be connected to the first gate dielectric layer  208   a . A step portion may be formed on one side of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  of the second region PR due to the threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   a.    
       FIG.  9    is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV′ of the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  7   . 
     Specifically, the same reference numerals in  FIGS.  7  and  9    denote the same elements. The integrated circuit semiconductor device  40  of  FIG.  9    may further include the first gate cut region CT 4 . The first gate cut region CT 4  may be a region that cuts or separates the first and second gate electrodes  218   a  and  218   b  in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 . Since the first gate cut region CT 4  may be formed in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 , the first gate cut region CT 4  may be more easily formed. In some embodiments, the width (in the second direction) of the first gate cut region CT 4  may be W 12 . The first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  may be separated by the first gate cut region CT 4 . 
     In some embodiments, one side wall of a gate cut pattern  222  defining the first gate cut region CT 4  may be inclined in the third direction (the Z direction) perpendicular to a plane defined by the first direction and the second direction. In other words, the side wall of the gate cut pattern  222  may be inclined from the upper surfaces of the first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  toward the bottom surfaces thereof. In some embodiments, a bottom width W 12   b  of the gate cut pattern  222  may be less than a top or upper width W 12   a.    
       FIGS.  10  and  11    are cross-sectional views of an integrated circuit semiconductor device according to some embodiments of the inventive concepts. 
     Specifically, in  FIGS.  10  and  11   , the same reference numerals as those in  FIGS.  7  and  8    denote the same elements. The integrated circuit semiconductor device  60  of  FIG.  10    may be the same as or similar to the integrated circuit semiconductor device  40  of  FIG.  8   , except that the integrated circuit semiconductor device  60  includes a second threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   b  as compared to  FIG.  8   . The integrated circuit semiconductor device  60  of  FIG.  11    may be the same as or similar to the integrated circuit semiconductor device  40  of  FIG.  9   , except that the integrated circuit semiconductor device  60  includes the second threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   b  as compared to  FIG.  9   . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  10  and  11   , the second threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   b  may be formed on the first gate dielectric layer  208   a  of the first region NR. The second threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   b  may include a metal material having a work function that matches a threshold voltage characteristic of the first transistor TR 1 - 1 , for example, an N-type transistor. In some embodiments, the second threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   b  may include TiAlC, TiAlCN, TiAlSiCN, and the like 
     The second threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   b  may not be connected to the second gate dielectric layer  208   b  of the second region PR. The threshold voltage of the first transistor TR 1 - 1  may be more easily adjusted by forming the second threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   b  in the first region NR. 
     In addition, as shown in  FIG.  11   , the integrated circuit semiconductor device  60  may further include the first gate cut region CT 4 . The first gate cut region CT 4  may be a region for cutting the first and second gate electrodes  218   a  and  218   b  in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 . Since the first gate cut region CT 4  is formed in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 , the first gate cut region CT 4  may be more easily formed. The first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  may be separated by the first gate cut region CT 4 . 
       FIGS.  12 A to  12 E  are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  8   . 
     Specifically, in  FIGS.  12 A to  12 E , the same reference numerals as in  FIGS.  7  and  8    denote the same elements. In  FIGS.  12 A to  12 E , the same content as that of  FIGS.  7  and  8    will be briefly described or omitted. 
     Referring to  FIG.  12 A , the first active fin  202   a  including the first fin protrusion portion  202   p  and the second active fin  202   b  including the second fin protrusion portion  202   q  may be formed on the substrate  200  on which the first region NR and the second region PR are formed. 
     The first active fin  202   a  and the second active fin  202   b  may be formed to have the first width W 7  and the second width W 8 , respectively. The upper width W 7   a  of the first active fin  202   a  may be less than the lower width W 7   b . The upper width W 8   a  of the second active fin  202   b  may be less than the lower width W 8   b . Then, the first isolation layer  204   a  and the second isolation layer  204   b  may be formed on the substrate  200 , except for a region that the first active fin  202   a  and the second active fin  202   b  are formed. 
     The gate dielectric material layer  208  may be formed on the first active fin  202   a , the second active fin  202   b , the first isolation layer  204   a , and the second isolation layer  204   b . A first mask pattern  210  having a first opening  212  for exposing a portion of the gate dielectric material layer  208  in the vicinity of the boundary line IF of the first region NR and the second region PR. 
     The first mask pattern  210  may cover the first active fin  202   a , the second active fin  102   b , and a portion of the gate dielectric material layer  208 . The first opening  212  may correspond to the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 . Edges of the first opening  212  may have the distances d 7  and d 8  from the boundary IF toward the first region NR and the second region PR in the second direction, respectively. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  12 B and  12 C , the gate dielectric material layer  208  may be etched by using the first mask pattern  210  as an etch mask to form the first gate dielectric layer  208   a  and the second gate dielectric layer  208   b  as shown in  FIG.  12 B . 
     Accordingly, the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  may be formed, in which the gate dielectric material layer  208  in  FIG.  12 A  is removed in the vicinity of the boundary line IF of the first region NR and the second region PR. The width of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  may be W 11 . Edges of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4  may have distances d 7  and d 8  from the boundary line IF toward the first region NR and the second region PR in the second direction, respectively. 
     The first mask pattern  210  in  FIG.  12 B  may be removed as shown in  FIG.  12 C . A threshold voltage adjustment material layer  214  may be formed on the first gate dielectric layer  208   a , the second gate dielectric layer  208   b , the first isolation layer  204   a , and the second isolation layer  204   b . The threshold voltage adjustment material layer  214  may be formed on the entire surface of the substrate  200 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  12 D and  12 E , a second mask pattern  216  may be formed, the second mask pattern  216  having a second opening  217  exposing all of the first region NR and a portion of the threshold voltage adjustment material layer  214  of the second region PR, as shown in  FIG.  12 D . A distance of the second opening  217  from the boundary IF to the second mask pattern  216  may be d 9 . The threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   a  may be formed in the second region PR by etching a portion of the threshold voltage adjustment material layer  214  in  FIG.  12 C  by using the second mask pattern  216  as an etch mask. 
     As shown in  FIG.  12 E , the second mask pattern  216  may be removed. In this case, the distance from the boundary line IF to one end of the threshold voltage adjustment layer  214   a  in the second region PR may be d 9 . As shown in  FIG.  8   , the first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  may be each formed on the first region NR and the second region PR. 
       FIGS.  13 A and  13 B  are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing the integrated circuit semiconductor device of  FIG.  9   . 
     Specifically, in  FIGS.  13 A and  13 B , the same reference numerals as in  FIGS.  7  to  9    and  FIGS.  12 A to  12 E  denote the same elements. In  FIGS.  13 A and  13 B , the same contents as those in  FIGS.  7  to  9    and  FIGS.  12 A to  12 E  may be briefly described or omitted. 
     As described above with reference to  FIGS.  8  and  12 A to  12 E , the first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  may be formed on the first region NR and the second region PR, respectively. As shown in  FIG.  8   , the first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  may be connected to each other. 
     Then, as shown in  FIG.  13 A , a third opening  220  may be formed through the first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  in the vicinity of the boundary line IF of the first region NR and the second region PR. Since the third opening  220  may be formed in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 4 , the third opening  220  may be more easily formed. 
     In addition, since the third opening  220  may be formed in a region where a gate dielectric layer is removed, the third opening  220  may be more easily formed without excessively damaging an interlayer insulating layer (not shown) formed around the first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b.    
     The width of the third opening  220  in the second direction may be W 12 . One side wall of the third opening  220  may be inclined from the upper surfaces of the first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  toward the bottom surfaces thereof. In some embodiments, the bottom width W 12   b  of the third opening  220  may be less than the top or upper width W 12   a . The first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  may be separated by the third opening  220 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  13 B , a gate cut material layer  221  may be formed on the first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  while filling the third opening  220 . The gate cut material layer  221  may be then planarized to form the gate cut pattern  222  as shown in  FIG.  9   . 
     The gate cut pattern  222  may define the first gate cut region CT 4  as shown in  FIG.  9   . The first gate electrode  218   a  and the second gate electrode  218   b  may be electrically separated by the gate cut pattern  222  defining the first gate cut region CT 4 . 
       FIG.  14    is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an electronic device including an integrated circuit semiconductor device according to embodiments of the inventive concepts. 
     Specifically, the electronic device  300  may include a semiconductor chip  310 . The semiconductor chip  310  may include a processor  311 , an embedded memory  313 , and a cache memory  315 . The processor  311  may include one or more processor cores C 1 -Cn. The processor cores C 1 -Cn may process data and signals. The processor cores C 1 -Cn may include integrated circuit semiconductor devices according to embodiments of the inventive concepts. 
     The electronic device  300  may perform its own functions by using the processed data and signals. In one example, the processor  311  may include an application processor. The embedded memory  313  may exchange first data DAT 1  with the processor  311 . The first data DAT 1  may be data processed or to be processed by the processor cores C 1 -Cn. The embedded memory  313  may manage the first data DAT 1 . For example, the embedded memory  313  may buffer the first data DAT 1 . The embedded memory  313  may operate as a buffer memory or a working memory of the processor  311 . 
     The embedded memory  313  may include a static random access memory (SRAM). The SRAM may operate faster than a dynamic random access memory (DRAM). When the SRAM is embedded in the semiconductor chip  310 , the electronic device  300  having a small size and operating at a high speed may be realized. Further, when the SRAM is embedded in the semiconductor chip  310 , the consumption of the active power of the electronic device  300  may be reduced. 
     In one example, the SRAM may include integrated circuit semiconductor devices according to embodiments of the inventive concepts. The cache memory  315  may be mounted on the semiconductor chip  310  together with the processor cores C 1 -Cn. The cache memory  315  may store cache data DATc. The cache data DATc may include data used by the processor cores C 1 -Cn. The cache memory  315  may have relatively smaller storage capacity, but may operate at relatively higher speed. 
     For example, the cache memory  315  may include the SRAM including an integrated circuit semiconductor device according to embodiments of the inventive concepts. When the cache memory  315  is used, the number of times the processor  311  accesses the embedded memory  313  and the duration of time during which the processor  311  accesses the embedded memory  313  may be reduced. Therefore, when the cache memory  315  is used, the operation speed of the electronic device  300  may be increased. 
     In  FIG.  14   , the cache memory  315  is shown as a separate component from the processor  311 , for ease of understanding. However, the cache memory  315  may be configured to be included in the processor  311 . 
       FIG.  15    is an equivalent circuit diagram of an SRAM cell according to some embodiments of the inventive concepts. 
     Specifically, the SRAM cell  330  may be implemented by using the integrated circuit semiconductor devices  10  to  60  according to some embodiments of the inventive concepts. For example, the SRAM cell  330  may be provided as the embedded memory  313  and/or the cache memory  315  described in  FIG.  14   . 
     The SRAM cell  330  may include a first pull-up transistor PU 1 , a first pull-down transistor PD 1 , a second pull-up transistor PU 2 , a second pull-down transistor PD 2 , a first access transistor PG 1 , and a second access transistor PG 2 . 
     The first and second pull-up transistors PU 1  and PU 2  may be P-type MOS transistors while the first and second pull-down transistors PD 1  and PD 2  and the first and second access transistors PG 1  and PG 2  may be N-type MOS transistors. 
     The first pull-up transistor PU 1  and the first pull-down transistor PD 1  may constitute a first inverter. The gate electrodes (gates) of the first pull-up and first pull-down transistors PU 1  and PD 1 , the gate electrodes (gates) being connected to each other, may correspond to an input terminal of the first inverter, and a first node N 1  may correspond to an output terminal of the first inverter. 
     The second pull-up transistor PU 2  and the second pull-down transistor PD 2  may constitute a second inverter. The gate electrodes (gates) connected to each other of the second pull-up and second pull-down transistors PU 2  and PD 2  may correspond to an input terminal of the second inverter and a second node N 2  may correspond to an output terminal of the second inverter. 
     The first and second inverters may be combined to constitute a latch structure. The gates of the first pull-up and first pull-down transistors PU 1  and PD 1  may be electrically connected to the second node N 2  and the gates of the second pull-up and second pull-down transistors PU 2  and PD 2  may be electrically connected to the first node N 1 . A second source/drain of the first pull-up transistor PU 1  and the second pull-up transistor PU 2  may be connected to a power supply voltage Vdd. A second source/drain of the first pull-down transistor PD 1  and the second pull-down transistor PD 2  may be connected to a ground voltage Vss. 
     A first source/drain of the first access transistor PG 1  may be connected to the first node N 1  and a second source/drain of the first access transistor PG 1  may be connected to a first bit line BL 1 . A first source/drain of the second access transistor PG 2  may be connected to the second node N 2  and a second source/drain of the second access transistor PG 2  may be connected to a second bit line BL 2 . The gates of the first and second access transistors PG 1  and PG 2  may be electrically connected to a word line WL. 
       FIG.  16    is a layout diagram of some embodiments of the SRAM cell of  FIG.  15   . 
     Specifically,  FIG.  16    may show some embodiments, according to which the SRAM cell  330  of  FIG.  15    is realized. The SRAM cell  330  of  FIG.  16    may be realized by using the integrated circuit semiconductor devices  10 ,  20 ,  40 , and/or  60  according to embodiments of the inventive concepts. The SRAM cell  330  may include a unit SRAM cell  330   u.    
     In  FIG.  16   , a first direction (an X direction) may be a channel length direction, and a second direction (a Y direction) may be a channel width direction. The SRAM cell  330  may include a first region NR 1 , a second region PR, and a third region NR 2 . The first region NR 1  and the third region NR 2  may be positioned above and below the second region PR in the second direction (the Y direction), respectively. The first region NR 1  and the third region NR 2  may correspond to the first region NR of  FIGS.  1  and  7   . The second region PR may correspond to the second region PR of  FIGS.  1  and  7   . 
     The first region NR 1  and the third region NR 2  may include the first and third transistors, for example, the N-type MOS transistors. The first region NR 1  may include the first pull-down transistor PD 1  and the first access transistor PG 1  as the first transistor. The third region NR 2  may include the second pull-down transistor PD 2  and the second access transistor PG 2  as the third transistor. In some embodiments, the first pull-down transistor PD 1 , the first access transistor PG 1 , the second pull-down transistor PD 2 , and the second access transistor PG 2  may include a multi-bridge channel type transistor or a fin type transistor. 
     The second region PR may include the second transistor, for example, a P-type MOS transistor. The second region PR may include the first pull-up transistor PU 1  and the second pull-up transistor PU 2  as the second transistor. The first pull-up transistor PU 1  and the second pull-up transistor PU 2  may be the multi-bridge channel type transistor or the fin type transistor. 
     The first pull-down transistor PD 1  and the first access transistor PG 1  may each include two first active fins  332   a  extending in the first direction (the X direction). Although the first pull-down transistor PD 1  and the first access transistor PG 1  are illustrated as having two first active fins  332   a , the inventive concepts is not limited thereto. The first pull-down transistor PD 1  and the first access transistor PG 1  may each include a first gate electrode  334   a  extending in the second direction (the Y direction). 
     The first pull-down transistor PD 1  and the first access transistor PG 1  may include a first active contact pattern  342   a  (a source/drain contact pattern). The first active contact pattern  342   a  may include a first source/drain SD 1   a  and a second source/drain SD 2   a . The second source/drain SD 2   a  of the first pull-down transistor PD 1  may be connected to the ground voltage Vss and the second source/drain SD 2   a  of the first access transistor PG 1  may be connected to the first bit line BL 1 . A first metal contact pattern  344   a  connected to the word line WL may be formed in the first gate electrode  334   a  in the first access transistor PG 1 . 
     The second pull-down transistor PD 2  and the second access transistor PG 2  may each include two third active fins  332   c  extending in the first direction (the X direction). Although the second pull-down transistor PD 2  and the second access transistor PG 2  are illustrated as having two third active fins  332   c , the inventive concepts is not limited thereto. The second pull-down transistor PD 2  and the second access transistor PG 2  may each include a third gate electrode  334   c  extending in the second direction (Y direction). 
     The second pull-down transistor PD 2  and the second access transistor PG 2  may include a third active contact pattern  342   c  (the source/drain contact pattern). The third active contact pattern  342   c  may include a first source/drain SD 1   c  and second source/drain SD 2   c . The second source/drain SD 2   c  of the second pull-down transistor PD 2  may be connected to the ground voltage Vss and the second source/drain SD 2   c  of the second access transistor PG 2  may be connected to the second bit line BL 2 . A fourth metal contact pattern  344   c  connected to the word line WL may be formed on the third gate electrode  334   c  in the second access transistor PG 2 . 
     The first pull-up transistor PU 1  and the second pull-up transistor PU 2  may each have one second active fin  332   b  extending in the first direction (the X direction). Although the first pull-up transistor PU 1  and the second pull-up transistor PU 2  each have one second active fin  332   b , the inventive concepts is not limited thereto. The first pull-up transistor PU 1  and the second pull-up transistor PU 2  may each include a second gate electrode  334   b  extending in the second direction (the Y direction). 
     The first pull-up transistor PU 1  may include a second active contact pattern  342   b - 1  (the source/drain contact pattern). The second active contact pattern  342   b - 1  may include a first source/drain SD 1   b - 1  and a second source/drain SD 2   b - 1 . The first source/drain SD 1   b - 1  may be connected to the first source/drain SD 1   a  of the first pull-down transistor PD 1  and the first access transistor PG 1 . The first source/drain may be connected to the first node N 1  through the second metal contact pattern  344   b . The second source/drain SD 2   b - 1  may be connected to the power supply voltage Vdd. 
     The second pull-up transistor PU 2  may include the third active contact pattern  342   b - 2  (the source/drain contact pattern). The third active contact pattern  342   b - 2  may include the first source/drain SD 1   b - 2  and the second source/drain SD 2   b - 2 . The first source/drain SD 1   b - 2  may be connected to the first source/drain SD 1   c  of the first pull-down transistor PD 2  and the second access transistor PG 2 . The first source/drain SD 1   b - 2  may be connected to the first node N 2  through the second metal contact pattern  344   b . The second source/drain SD 2   b - 2  may be connected to the power supply voltage Vdd. 
     A first boundary, for example a first boundary line IF 1 , extending in the first direction (the X direction) may be defined at the interface between the first region NR 1  and the second region PR. The threshold voltages of the first pull-down transistor PD 1 , the first access transistor PG 1  and the first pull-up transistor PU 1  may deviate from the designed values depending on the distances from the first boundary line IF 1  due to the metal gate boundary effect described above. Thus, the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 5 , from which the gate dielectric layer is removed, may be formed in the vicinity of or proximate the first boundary line IF 1  between the first region NR 1  and the second region PR. 
     A second boundary, for example a second boundary line IF 2 , extending in the first direction (the X direction) may be defined at the interface between the second region PR and the third region NR 2 . The threshold voltages of the second pull-down transistor PD 2 , the second access transistor PG 2  and the second pull-up transistor PU 2  may deviate from the designed values depending on the distances from the second boundary line IF 2  due to the metal gate boundary effect described above. Thus, the second gate dielectric layer removal region R 6 , from which the gate dielectric layer is removed, may be formed in the vicinity of or proximate the second boundary line IF 2  between the second region PR and the third region NR 2 . 
     The first gate dielectric layer removal region R 5  may be disposed to be shifted to or offset toward either the first region NR 1  or the second region PR in the second direction with respect to the first boundary line IF 1 . In some embodiments, a width in the second direction of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 5  may be W 13 . Edges of the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 5  may have respective distances d 11  and d 12  from the first boundary line IF 1  toward the first region NR 1  and the second region PR, respectively, in the second direction, where the distance d 12  may be greater than the distance d 11 . 
     The second gate dielectric layer removal region R 6  may be disposed to be shifted to or offset toward either the second region PR or the third region NR 2  in the second direction with respect to the second boundary line IF 2 . In some embodiments, a width in the second direction of the second gate dielectric layer removal region R 6  may be W 14 . Edges of the second gate dielectric layer removal region R 6  may have respective distances d 13  and d 14  from the second boundary line IF 2  toward the third region NR 2  and the second region PR, respectively, in the second direction, where the distance d 14  may be greater than the distance d 13 . 
     In addition, the first gate cut region CT 7 , in which the first gate electrode  334   a  of the first access transistor PG 1  and the second gate electrode  334   b  of the second pull-up transistor PU 2  are cut or separated in the second direction, may be located in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 5  The first gate cut region CT 7  may be more easily formed in the first gate dielectric layer removal region R 5 . 
     In addition, the second gate cut region CT 8 , in which the third gate electrode  334   c  of the second access transistor PG 2  and the second gate electrode  334   b  of the first pull-up transistor PU 1  are cut or separated in the second direction, may be located in the second gate dielectric layer removal region R 6  The second gate cut region CT 8  may be more easily formed in the second gate dielectric layer removal region R 6 . 
     In addition, the widths of the first active fin  332   a , the second active fin  332   b , and the third active fin  332   c  in the Y direction may be the same as or different from one another. Further, the widths of the active fins  332   a  and  332   b  of the first region NR 1  and the second region PR which are separated from each other due to the first gate cut region CT 7 , the widths being in the Y direction, may be the same as or different from each other. Also, the widths of the active fins  332   b  and  332   c  of the second region PR and the third region NR 2  which are separated from each other due to the second gate cut region CT 8 , the widths being in the Y direction, may be the same as or different from each other. 
     The integrated circuit semiconductor device according to the inventive concepts include the gate dielectric layer removal region where the gate dielectric layer is removed, in the vicinity of the boundary line of the first region including the first transistors and the second region including the second transistors. The gate dielectric layer removal region may be disposed to be inclined to or offset toward either the first region or the second region based on the boundary line, or may be disposed in any one of the first region or the second region. 
     Accordingly, the first transistors and the second transistors may be reliably formed in the integrated circuit semiconductor device of the inventive concepts, by preventing the metal gate boundary effect in which the threshold voltages of the first transistors and the threshold voltages of the second transistors TR 2  are deviated from the design value. 
     While the inventive concepts have been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the following claims.