Patent Publication Number: US-9892410-B2

Title: System and method for issuing prepaid negotiable instruments

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/464,374, filed Aug. 20, 2014, and entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ISSUING PREPAID NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS” which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/558,874, filed Nov. 10, 2006, and entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ISSUING PREPAID NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS,” which is incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     By some estimates, tens of millions of workers in the United States do not have a traditional banking relationship. This fact is driving increasing numbers of employers to assist their “unbanked” employees by establishing financial accounts that use stored-value cards and other similar means. Rather than issuing a traditional paycheck, the employer establishes a stored-value account for the employee, and periodically deposits earned wages into that account. The employee may then use a card (e.g., at an ATM) to access the funds in the account. This provides advantages of wages being paid electronically when the employee does not have or does not want to use a traditional bank account. The employee may quickly access the funds, and the employer will benefit from lower costs from not having to prepare and distribute paper checks. 
     While stored-value accounts and the associated presentation instruments (e.g., cards) provide employees with convenient access to funds in most cases, there are limitations. For example, while an employee may be able to make ATM cash withdrawals and PIN-based card purchases, the employee may not be able to make “signature-based” purchases, such as by check or other negotiable instrument. 
     Systems and methods have been developed for permitting stored-value account holders to “write” checks. One exemplary system is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/223,441, filed Sep. 9, 2005 by Richard Jackman et al, which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     In exemplary systems, a consumer receives a batch of “blank” checks for use with a stored value account, and writes a check by contacting the issuer and requesting that funds in the account be allocated to one of the checks. The user is given a transaction number, which the user writes on the check (along with the amount). The issuer allocates the amount (and deducts it) from the available balance in the account. When the check is presented to a merchant or other payee, the merchant contacts the issuer and provides information such as the transaction number and amount. If authentic, the issuer authorizes (verifies the authenticity of) the check, assuring the merchant that the check amount has been set aside and will be paid when the check is processed through the merchant&#39;s bank. After authorized, that check (and transaction number) may not be used for any subsequent transaction. 
     While such a system is effective in giving checking writing capabilities to the “unbanked” consumer, some drawbacks and need for further improvement have been suggested. For example, there may be costs associated with printing a large inventory of blank checks for distribution to users, some of which may never used. Further, should a blank check be misappropriated by an unscrupulous individual, an unsuspecting clerk at a merchant location or store may accept the misappropriated check as payment without conducting the necessary authorization step. Further, some users (particularly less sophisticated consumers that have no experience in maintaining a checking account), may find it burdensome to determine (and remember) the remaining account balance as each check is written, particularly if fees may be charged by the issuer for the check. Users may also make errors in entering the transaction number or other identifying information on the check, making it difficult for the merchant to have the check properly authenticated. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     There is provided, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, a system and method for issuing a negotiable instrument from an account, where funds from an account are allocated to the instrument upon request of the account holder. After the funds are allocated, the instrument is printed by the issuer and sent to the account holder. 
     In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving, at a host computer system, a request from an account holder for a negotiable instrument for a specific amount of funds in the account. The specific amount is allocated from the account, and a balance remaining in the account is provided to the account holder. A stock of physical, blank negotiable instruments is provided at an issuing location apart from the account holder. In response to allocating the specific amount, identification information which identifies the negotiable instrument is printed at the issuing location on one of the stock of blank negotiable instruments, and the printed negotiable instrument is provided to the account holder. 
     A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived by referring to the detailed description of the invention and to the claims, when considered in connection with the Figures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a system for issuing negotiable instruments according to one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a flow diagram illustrating the overall operation of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a more detailed flow diagram, illustrating the use of an interactive voice response system (IVR) in the operation of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a more detailed flow diagram, illustrating the use of a web-enabled device in the operation of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a user interface displayed to a customer when requesting a negotiable instrument using a web-enabled device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     There are various embodiments and configurations for implementing the present invention. One such implementation is shown in  FIG. 1  where, according to an embodiment of the invention, a system  100  is shown for issuing negotiable instruments to a customer or user (account holder)  110 . The customer  110  access his/her account at a financial institution  112  from a remote location either through a computer  114  (e.g., personal computer, PDA or other web-enabled device) via a network  118  (e.g., the Internet) or through a telephone  120  via a public switched telephone network (PSTN)  122 . The financial institution maintains stored-value accounts at a host computing system  130  and its associated database  132 . The financial institution includes an interactive voice response system (IVR)  134  that permits telephone communications between the customer and host  130 . 
     Stored-value accounts maintained at the financial institution are not traditional banking accounts (i.e., FDIC insured savings or checking accounts). Rather, funds are held in the account and may be accessed by the customer using a financial card, e.g., withdrawals at an ATM (not shown), or by presentation of the card and the use of a PIN or similar ID at a merchant or other location. 
     Since the stored-value account is not a checking account, checks are not drawn against the account, other than as negotiable instruments that have been prepaid or pre-loaded (i.e., the amount of the check has been allocated/reserved against the account prior to presenting the check to a merchant or other payee). 
     When the customer presents the check to a merchant  150 , the merchant obtains authorization (verifies the authenticity) of the check by using a telephone  152  and communicating with host  130  via PSTN  122  and IVR  134 . Alternatively, the merchant  150  may use a POS (point of sale) device  154  via a network  156 , which may be either a public network (e.g., the Internet) or a private network. In such case, the POS device  154  may be programmed to automatically read the identification information on the check (such as check number, account number, and/or routing code, e.g., through use of a MICR code reader). 
     The merchant provides the check identification information (transaction number, check number, account number, etc.) and the amount to the host system  130  (either via telephone  152  or via POS device  154 ) in order to authorize the transaction and verify that funds have been allocated from the stored value account to the check. Once authorized, that check (and any unique identifying information associated with the check, such as transaction number) may not be used in any future transaction. This prevents the customer or a third party from making payment in subsequent transactions using the same check information. In some cases, the financial institution may provide, as part of an authorization, a warranty or guarantee that the check will be paid. Also, the merchant may not require (or need) identification from the user (since payment is warranted). 
     Such checks/negotiable instruments and their use as thus far described are explained in greater detail in aforementioned application Ser. No. 11/223,441. 
     In some embodiments of the invention, and as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the financial institution  112  includes a check issuing system  160 . The check issuing system  160  eliminates the need for the customer  110  to maintain a supply of blank checks. As will be described in greater detail in connection with  FIGS. 2-5 , the issuing system  160  prints a check  170  using funds from the stored value account. Such check is printed in response to the customer communicating with the host  130  (accessing the host  130  via telephone  120  or computer  114 ). After printing the check with the requested amount and appropriate transaction identifying information (transaction number, check number, account number and/or routing information), the check is sent to the customer for use when making payment to the merchant  150 . The customer may write in the payee name and date when presenting the check to the payee. 
     While  FIG. 1  illustrates the financial institution  112  as the issuer of the check, in some embodiments the check could be printed and issued by a separate entity (e.g., licensed money transmitter) agreeing to provide checks against accounts maintained by the financial institution. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , the overall operation of the system  100  ( FIG. 1 ) is illustrated. A customer or user first requests (step  210 ) a check be issued by the financial institution by communicating with host  130 . As one example, the customer may enter an account number and requested amount (via phone or computer). The system may also require that the user enter a PIN or other unique personal ID to assure the person making the request is authorized to do so. Such information can be checked by the host computer against account data within database  132 . In response to the request, the host computer  130  verifies (step  212 ) the customer and an account, and provides the balance in the account that is available (step  216 ) after the proposed transaction amount. As will be described in greater detail later, in some embodiments the system will provide to the customer the prior balance (before the transaction), the amount of any fees, and the remaining balance (after the transaction), so that if the customer wants to request an additional check, the amount available for such check will be known. 
     The customer is then requested to approve the issuance of the check (step  220 ), at which time the host  130  allocates the amount of the check from the funds in the account (they are then no longer available for subsequent transactions) and instructs the check issuing system to print a check with information relevant to the transaction. In one embodiment, the printed check includes (in human readable form) the amount of the check and a transaction number associated with the requested transaction, printed on the face of the check. In other embodiments, the check may further include encoded information, in the event the payee or merchant has equipment for electronically reading the check (check number, account number, routing number). The encoded information may be printed using magnetic ink code recognition (MICR) technology, bar code technology and so forth. In some embodiments, the transaction number and check amount can also be encoded so as to be electronically read. 
     The issuer then sends the check to the customer (step  224 ). As should be appreciated, the check may be transmitted in various ways. It could be sent via mail, courier (e.g. overnight delivery) or other suitable means. 
     Once the customer receives the check, it is activated by the user (step  228 ). As an example, the user may telephone the issuer and provide check identifying information (check number, transaction number, etc.) and then a unique personal identifier (social security number, PIN, etc.). Until the check is activated by the customer, it cannot be used for payment, i.e., the system  100  will not recognize a request by a merchant or other party to authorize the check for payment. This steps prevents loss from theft or misappropriation of the check while in transit, since the person having the check under such circumstances will not have the unique personal identifier, and until such time as the customer activates the check it cannot be used to conduct a transaction. 
     After the check has been activated, the customer may at any time present the check to a merchant or other payee for payment (step  230 ). The merchant then authorizes the check (step  232 ) by communicating with the host  130  (via telephone  152  or POS device  154 ), providing check identifying information (e.g., transaction number and amount). As part of the authorization process, the merchant receives verification from the host computer that the check is valid (for the specified amount) and the host completes a record of the transaction so that the same check (including transaction number) cannot be used for a subsequent transaction. 
     As mentioned earlier, in some embodiments the customer uses the telephone  120  and IVR  134  to interact with host  130  in requesting a check (steps  210 - 220 ,  FIG. 2 ), and such a process is illustrated in greater detail in  FIG. 3 . At step  310 , the customer telephones host  130  and enters data (such as by using the telephone keypad) in response to prompts from the IVR. The customer selects a check issue request option at step  312 , and then enters the account number and user PIN (step  314 ). The host  130  provides the current balance available to the user (step  316 ) and the user enters the amount for the check that is being requested (step  318 ) and selects a delivery option (step  319 ). In response, the host provides the new balance that would be remaining after issuing the check (step  320 ). It should be appreciated the new balance would not only reflect the amount of the check to be deducted from the old balance, but also any check processing fee and delivery charges. As one example, a customer may be given one check per payroll period that can be written free of fees, and thereafter pay $1.50 per check. As another example, a customer selecting normal postal delivery (1st class mail) may not pay any delivery charge. However, if overnight delivery is requested, the amount of such delivery charge would be figured into the transaction and deducted from the account balance. 
     If the transaction is acceptable to the customer at step  322 , the system provides a transaction number to the user at step  326 , which the user may make note of as a record of the transaction. The transaction number will also be printed on the check. If the transaction and new balance are not approved by the customer at step  322 , the customer may elect to continue (step  324 ) and repeat the process for a transaction (e.g., with a different check amount), or elect to not continue and the process then ends. 
     If the user has approved the transaction and receives a transaction number, he or she may elect to request another check (step  328 ), in which case the process repeats (beginning at step  316 , by providing a new balance). This allows for multiple checks to be mailed in one parcel or envelope if more than one check is purchased in the same session (IVR or Internet). If another check is not being requested at step  328 , the process ends. 
     In some embodiments, the customer may use the computer  114  or similar user device (e.g., a web-enabled device) and a resulting web interface to request a check, and one such process is illustrated in  FIG. 4 . The user first accesses a website hosted by the financial institution (step  410 ). The website may be resident at a server in communication with host  130  or may be resident at host  130  itself. The website provides an option selected by the user for having a check issued (step  412 ). The user enters the account number and PIN (step  414 ) and a screen is displayed for providing the available balance (step  416 ) and for entering in the amount of the check (step  418 ). 
     A exemplary screen  510  used in the process of  FIG. 4  is seen in  FIG. 5 . Such screen  510  includes a panel  512  with an actual representation of the check to be issued and a panel  514  with account balance information (note that the check printed and issued in either the embodiment of  FIG. 3  or the embodiment of  FIG. 4  will have the appearance seen at panel  512  in  FIG. 5 ). Panel  514  will display the overpayment delivery charge if the “OVERNIGHT” box is checked. In other embodiments, there may be other delivery charges (e.g., the customer may be charged the cost of 1st class mail), and such charges would be reflected at panel  514 . 
     The user directly enters the amount of the check at the amount box  520 , and such amount is automatically written at the sum line  522  and appears at the check amount field  530  at panel  514 . 
     The check may also display an issuer number  532 , a transaction number  534 , and encoded information  536 . In some embodiments some of the illustrated information may not appear on the screen  510 , but might be printed in the check when issued at system  160 . Also, the bank&#39;s name and the “Payable Through” bank could be printed based on the issuer account affiliation, further increasing the versatility of the paper stock. 
     Returning to  FIG. 4 , the user selects a delivery option (step  419 ) and the account balance is adjusted (step  420 ) to reflect the amount of the check and the cost (if any) of the delivery option (see  FIG. 5 ) and any fee charged by the issuer. The user approves the check (step  422 ) using button  540  ( FIG. 5 ) and receives a printed receipt (step  426 ) if the receipt was requested at screen  510 . Any or all of the displayed information on screen  510  (including a representation of the check) may be included in the receipt (if one is requested). If the user does not approve the check at step  422 , the process can continue at step  424  with the user repeating the steps beginning with the display of a blank check and balance at step  416 . Otherwise, if the user decides not to continue at step  424 , the process ends. 
     If the check is approved at step  422 , the user may decide to request another check (step  428 ), in which case the process repeats beginning at step  416 . Otherwise, the process ends. 
     While a detailed description of presently preferred embodiments of the invention has been given above, various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without varying from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.