Patent Publication Number: US-2021181413-A1

Title: Optical array waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer and camera module comprising the same

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation of copending U.S. application Ser. No. 15/578,966, filed on Dec. 1, 2017, which is the National Phase of PCT International Application No. PCT/KR2016/005860, filed on Jun. 2, 2016, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(a) to Patent Application No. 10-2015-0078624, filed in the Republic of Korea on Jun. 3, 2015, and to Patent Application No. 10-2015-0086339, filed in the Republic of Korea on Jun. 18, 2015, all of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference into the present application. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments relate to an optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer, a camera module including the same, and a mobile phone device including the module. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In optical communication, a wavelength multiplexer transmission method is used in order to transmit large amounts of information. In the wavelength multiplexer transmission method, lights having different wavelengths are multiplexed and transmitted. 
     In order to broaden the wavelength band of a conventional optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer, it is inevitable to increase the size of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer. In the case in which the size of the conventional optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer is large, however, it is difficult to apply the multiplexer and demultiplexer to small-sized products, and costs are increased. 
     Meanwhile, a spectrometer is a device that measures the spectrum of light that is emitted or absorbed by a material. In addition to spectroscopic analysis, the spectrometer may be used to observe the microscopic structure of the material. Depending on the purpose thereof, light ranging from gamma rays to far-infrared rays is used. 
     An image sensor is an image sensing device, a representative example of which is a charged coupled device (CCD). In the CCD, more than a hundred thousand sensing elements are included in a coin-sized chip, and an image focused on the surface of the chip is accumulated as a charge packet on each element. These packets are output by a charge transmission device at high speed, converted, processed, and displayed as an image. The elements of the CCD constitute a detection array, which is divided into regions for accumulation and output. 
     A conventional spectrometer is large-sized, making it difficult for a user to use the spectrometer in a portable manner in our daily lives. In addition, a conventional image sensor acquires only simple image information. In addition, a conventional mobile phone device includes only an image sensor, whereby only simple image information is acquired. 
     DISCLOSURE 
     Technical Problem 
     An embodiment provides an optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer provided with a wide wavelength band without increasing the size thereof. 
     Another embodiment provides a camera module that is capable of simultaneously displaying image information, acquired using a lens driving apparatus, and physical property information, acquired using a spectrometer, to a user. 
     Technical Solution 
     In one embodiment, an optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer may include a first substrate, a plurality of first waveguides disposed on the first substrate so as to overlap each other in a vertical direction, which is the thickness direction of the first substrate, a 1-1 cladding layer disposed between a 1-1 waveguide, which is the one of the first waveguides that is closest to the first substrate, and the first substrate, a 1-2 cladding layer disposed between the first waveguides, and a 1-3 cladding layer disposed on a 1-2 waveguide, which is the one of the first waveguides that is farthest from the first substrate. 
     For example, the multiplexer and demultiplexer may further include at least one first core disposed in each of the first waveguides. 
     For example, the multiplexer and demultiplexer may further include 1-1 and 1-2 free propagation regions disposed on the first substrate so as to be spaced apart from each other in a horizontal direction, which is perpendicular to the vertical direction, wherein the 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 cladding layers and the first waveguides may be disposed between the 1-1 and 1-2 free propagation regions. 
     For example, the multiplexer and demultiplexer may further include at least one second waveguide disposed under the first substrate in the vertical direction, a 2-1 cladding layer disposed between the at least one second waveguide and the first substrate, and a 2-2 cladding layer disposed under the at least one second waveguide. The at least one second waveguide may include a plurality of second waveguides, and the multiplexer and demultiplexer may further include a 2-3 cladding layer disposed between the second waveguides. 
     For example, the multiplexer and demultiplexer may further include at least one second core disposed in each of the second waveguides. 
     For example, the multiplexer and demultiplexer may further include 2-1 and 2-2 free propagation regions disposed under the first substrate so as to be spaced apart from each other in a horizontal direction, which is perpendicular to the vertical direction, wherein the 2-1 and 2-2 cladding layers and the at least one second waveguide may be disposed between the 2-1 and 2-2 free propagation regions. The number of second waveguides that overlap each other in the vertical direction may be equal to or different from the number of first waveguides that overlap each other in the vertical direction. 
     In another embodiment, an optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer may include a plurality of waveguide cells disposed so as to overlap each other in a vertical direction, wherein each of the waveguide cells may include a substrate, a plurality of cladding layers disposed on the substrate, and a waveguide disposed between the cladding layers. 
     For example, the thickness of the substrate included in a first waveguide cell, which is an upper one of the waveguide cells, may be less than the thickness of the substrate included in a second waveguide cell, which is a lower one of the waveguide cells. 
     For example, each of the waveguide cells may further include at least one third core disposed in the waveguide. Each of the waveguide cells may further include 3-1 and 3-2 free propagation regions disposed on the substrate so as to be spaced apart from each other in a horizontal direction, which is perpendicular to the vertical direction, and the cladding layers and the waveguide may be disposed between the 3-1 and 3-2 free propagation regions. 
     For example, the multiplexer and demultiplexer may further include a joining unit for joining the waveguide cells to each other. The at least one first, second, or third core may include a total reflective material. 
     In another embodiment, a camera module may include a lens driving apparatus for collecting image information of an object, a spectrometer for collecting physical property information of the object, and an image sensor for processing the image information of the object collected by the lens driving apparatus and the physical property information of the object collected by the spectrometer. 
     In addition, the spectrometer may include a light emission unit for emitting light to the object, a collimator for collecting and aligning reflected light generated as the result of the light emitted from the light emission unit and being reflected by the object, and an optical integrated circuit for splitting the reflected light aligned by the collimator. 
     In addition, the camera module may further include a total reflection unit for changing the optical path of the reflected light split by the optical integrated circuit. 
     In addition, the collimator may be disposed at one end of the optical integrated circuit, and the total reflection unit may be disposed at the other end of the optical integrated circuit. 
     In addition, the collimator, the optical integrated circuit, and the total reflection unit may be disposed in the same plane. 
     In addition, the image sensor may include a camera sensor unit for processing the image information of the object collected by the lens driving apparatus and a spectrometer sensor unit for processing the physical property information of the object collected by the spectrometer. 
     In addition, the spectrometer sensor unit may be disposed so as to be in contact with the lower surface of the total reflection unit. Alternatively, the spectrometer sensor unit may be disposed under the total reflection unit so as to be spaced apart from the total reflection unit by a predetermined distance. 
     In a further embodiment, a mobile phone device may include a mobile phone device housing defining an external appearance thereof and a camera module mounting unit disposed at one surface of the mobile phone device housing for allowing a camera module to be mounted therein, wherein the camera module may include a lens driving apparatus for collecting image information of an object, a spectrometer for collecting physical property information of the object, and an image sensor for processing the image information of the object collected by the lens driving apparatus and the physical property information of the object collected by the spectrometer. 
     In addition, the spectrometer may include a light emission unit for emitting light to the object, a collimator for collecting and aligning reflected light generated as the result of the light emitted from the light emission unit and being reflected by the object, and an optical integrated circuit for splitting the reflected light aligned by the collimator. 
     In addition, the mobile phone device may further include a total reflection unit for changing the optical path of the reflected light split by the optical integrated circuit. 
     In addition, the collimator may be disposed at one end of the optical integrated circuit, and the total reflection unit may be disposed at the other end of the optical integrated circuit. 
     In addition, the image sensor may include a camera sensor unit for processing the image information of the object collected by the lens driving apparatus and a spectrometer sensor unit for processing the physical property information of the object collected by the spectrometer. 
     Advantageous Effects 
     An optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to an embodiment may be provided with a wide wavelength band without increasing the size thereof. 
     A camera module according to another embodiment and a mobile phone device including the same may simultaneously display image information, acquired using a lens driving apparatus, and physical property information, acquired using a spectrometer, to a user. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a view schematically showing the external appearance of an optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to an embodiment; 
         FIG. 2 a    is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer taken along line A-A′ of  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 2 b    is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer taken along line B-B′ of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3 a    is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer taken along line A-A′ of  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 3 b    is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer taken along line B-B′ of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4 a    is a sectional view showing a further embodiment of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer taken along line A-A′ of  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 4 b    is a sectional view showing a further embodiment of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer taken along line B-B′ of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIGS. 5 a  to 5 d    are process sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer shown in  FIG. 2   a;    
         FIGS. 6 a  and 6 b    are sectional views showing an optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to a comparative example; 
         FIG. 7  is a graph showing transmission efficiency for each wavelength; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view showing a camera module according to an embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram of the camera module according to the embodiment; 
         FIG. 10  is a view showing an embodiment in which a collimator, an optical integrated circuit, and an image sensor are coupled to each other; 
         FIG. 11  is a view showing another embodiment in which a collimator, an optical integrated circuit, and an image sensor are coupled to each other; 
         FIG. 12  is a view of a still another embodiment in which a collimator, an optical integrated circuit, and an image sensor are coupled to each other; 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view schematically showing a lens driving apparatus according to an embodiment; 
         FIG. 14  is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the lens driving apparatus shown in  FIG. 13 ; 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective view schematically showing the lens driving apparatus of  FIG. 13 , from which a cover can has been removed; and 
         FIG. 16  is a partial perspective showing the external appearance of a mobile phone device including the camera module according to the embodiment. 
     
    
    
     BEST MODE 
     Reference will now be made in detail to preferred embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments may be modified into various other forms. The embodiments are not restrictive but are illustrative. The embodiments are provided to more completely explain the disclosure to a person having ordinary skill in the art. 
     It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” or “under” another element, it can be directly on/under the element, or one or more intervening elements may also be present. In addition, when an element is referred to as being “on” or “under,” “under the element” as well as “on the element” may be included based on the element. 
     In addition, relational terms, such as “first,” “second,” “on/upper part/above” and “under/lower part/below,” are used only to distinguish between one subject or element and another subject or element, without necessarily requiring or involving any physical or logical relationship or sequence between such subjects or elements. 
     In the drawings, the thicknesses or sizes of respective layers are exaggerated, omitted, or schematically illustrated for convenience and clarity of description. Further, the sizes of the respective elements do not denote the actual sizes thereof. 
     Hereinafter, an optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to an embodiment will be described. 
       FIG. 1  is a view schematically showing the external appearance of an optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  according to an embodiment. 
     The optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  shown in  FIG. 1  may include a first slap waveguide (or an input mixing region)  110 , an input waveguide  112 , a second slap waveguide (or an output mixing region)  120 , output waveguides  122 , and a waveguide array  130 . 
     In the case in which the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  operates as a demultiplexer for splitting light, the first slap waveguide  110  may serve as the input side of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 . On the other hand, in the case in which the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  operates as a multiplexer for combining light, the first slap waveguide  110  may serve as the output side of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 . 
     In the case in which the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  operates as a demultiplexer, the second slap waveguide  120  may serve as the output side of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 . On the other hand, in the case in which the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  operates as a multiplexer for combining light, the second slap waveguide  120  may serve as the input side of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 . 
     A single input waveguide  112  for receiving light is connected to the input side of the first slap waveguide  110 . In contrast, a plurality of output waveguides  122  for transmitting light may extend from the output side of the second slap waveguide  120 . 
     The waveguide array  130  may include a plurality of waveguides  132 . The waveguides  132  may be arranged in parallel and may be formed in a ‘U’ shape. Light received through the input waveguide  112  is transmitted to the second slap waveguide  120  via the waveguides  132 . 
     In order for the waveguides  132  and the output waveguides  122  to propagate light, the refractive indices of the waveguides  132  and the output waveguides  122  may be higher than those of first and second cladding layers, descriptions of which will follow. In addition, the waveguides  132  and the output waveguides  122  may be made of the same material. That is, the waveguides  132  and the output waveguides  122  may have the same refractive index. 
     In addition, the waveguides  132  and the output waveguides  122  may be made of a transparent material, e.g. transparent plastic. 
     In addition, adjacent ones of the waveguides  132  may have different lengths. For example, adjacent ones  132  of the waveguides  132  may have a length difference of ΔL. 
     In  FIG. 1 , the number of waveguides  132  included in the waveguide array  130  is shown as being 4. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, the number of waveguides  132  may be greater than or less than 4. 
     The first slap waveguide  110  is disposed at the input side of the waveguide array  130 , and the second slap waveguide  120  is disposed at the output side of the waveguide array  130 . 
     While light exiting from the first slap waveguide  110  is transmitted to the second slap waveguide  120  via the waveguide array  130 , the phase may be changed for each wavelength. Subsequently, while the light passes through the second slap waveguide  120 , the light may be split by respective wavelengths. 
       FIG. 2 a    is a sectional view showing an embodiment  100 A of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  taken along line A-A′ of  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 2 b    is a sectional view showing an embodiment  100 A of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  taken along line B-B′ of  FIG. 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   , the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A may include a first substrate  210 - 1 , a plurality of first waveguides  222 - 1  and  224 - 1 , a plurality of first cladding layers  232 - 1 ,  234 - 1 , and  236 - 1 , and 1-1 and 1-2 free propagation regions (FPRs)  110 - 1  and  120 - 1 . 
     The first waveguides  222 - 1  and  224 - 1  may be disposed on the first substrate  210 - 1  so as to overlap each other in a vertical direction. Here, the vertical direction may be the thickness direction of the first substrate  210 - 1 . 
     The first substrate  210 - 1  may be made of silicon. However, the disclosure is not limited to any specific material for the first substrate  210 - 1 . 
     The first waveguides  222 - 1  and  224 - 1  may include a 1-1 waveguide  222 - 1  and a 1-2 waveguide  224 - 1 . In  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   , the number of first waveguides is shown as being 2. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, the following description may also apply to the case in which the number of first waveguides is 3 or more. 
     Here, the 1-1 waveguide  222 - 1  is defined as the one of the first waveguides that is closest to the first substrate  210 - 1 , and the 1-2 waveguide  224 - 1  is defined as the one of the first waveguides that is farthest from the first substrate  210 - 1 . That is, the 1-2 waveguide  224 - 1  may be defined as the one of the first waveguides that is located at the highest position. 
     Meanwhile, the first cladding layers may include a 1-1 cladding layer  232 - 1 , a 1-2 cladding layer  234 - 1 , and a 1-3 cladding layer  236 - 1 . In  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   , the number of first cladding layers is shown as being 3. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, the following description may also apply to the case in which the number of first cladding layers is 4 or more. 
     The 1-1 cladding layer  232 - 1  may be disposed between the 1-1 waveguide  222 - 1  and the first substrate  210 - 1 . 
     The 1-2 cladding layer  234 - 1  may be disposed between the first waveguides. For example, in the case in which the number of first waveguides is 2, as shown in  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   , the 1-2 cladding layer  234 - 1  may be disposed between the 1-1 waveguide  222 - 1  and the 1-2 waveguide  224 - 1 . In  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   , the number of first waveguides is 2, and therefore a single 1-2 cladding layer  234 - 1  is provided. In the case in which the number of first waveguides is 3, however, two 1-2 cladding layers  234 - 1  may be provided. 
     The 1-3 cladding layer  236 - 1  may be disposed on the 1-2 waveguide  224 - 1 . 
     Each of the 1-1 to 1-3 cladding layers  232 - 1 ,  234 - 1 , and  236 - 1  may be plate-shaped. However, the disclosure is not limited to any specific shape of the 1-1 to 1-3 cladding layers  232 - 1 ,  234 - 1 , and  236 - 1 . In addition, each of the first cladding layers  232 - 1 ,  234 - 1 , and  236 - 1  may be made of a transparent material, e.g. transparent plastic. Alternatively, each of the first cladding layers  232 - 1 ,  234 - 1 , and  236 - 1  may be made of polymer or SiO 2 . In addition, the first cladding layers  232 - 1 ,  234 - 1 , and  236 - 1  may be made of a material that has a refractive index less than the refractive index of the waveguides  132  or the output waveguides  122 . 
     In addition, referring to  FIG. 2 b   , the 1-1 and 1-2 free propagation regions  110 - 1  and  120 - 1  may be disposed on the first substrate  210 - 1  so as to be spaced apart from each other in a horizontal direction, which is perpendicular to the vertical direction. Here, the 1-1 and 1-2 free propagation regions  110 - 1  and  120 - 1  may correspond respectively to the first and second slap waveguides  110  and  120  shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     The first cladding layers  232 - 1 ,  234 - 1 , and  236 - 1  and the first waveguides  222 - 1  and  224 - 1  may be disposed between the 1-1 and 1-2 free propagation regions  110 - 1  and  120 - 1 . 
     In addition, the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A shown in  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b    may further include at least one first core  240 - 1  disposed in each of the first waveguides  222 - 1  and  224 - 1 . 
       FIG. 3 a    is a sectional view showing another embodiment  100 B of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  taken along line A-A′ of  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 3 b    is a sectional view showing another embodiment  100 B of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  taken along line B-B′ of  FIG. 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b   , the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 B may include a first substrate  210 - 1 , a plurality of first waveguides  222 - 1  and  224 - 1 , a plurality of second waveguides  222 - 2  and  224 - 2 , a plurality of first cladding layers  232 - 1 ,  234 - 1 , and  236 - 1 , a plurality of second cladding layers  232 - 2 ,  234 - 2 , and  236 - 2 , 1-1 and 1-2 free propagation regions (FPRs)  110 - 1  and  120 - 1 , and 2-1 and 2-2 free propagation regions  110 - 2  and  120 - 2 . 
     When compared with the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A shown in  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   , the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 B shown in  FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b    further includes a plurality of second waveguides  222 - 2  and  224 - 2 , a plurality of second cladding layers  232 - 2 ,  234 - 2 , and  236 - 2 , and 2-1 and 2-2 free propagation regions  110 - 2  and  120 - 2 . With the above exception, the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 B shown in  FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b    is identical to the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A shown in  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   . Therefore, the same reference numerals are used, and a duplicate description thereof will be omitted. 
     The first waveguides  222 - 1  and  224 - 1 , the first cladding layers  232 - 1 ,  234 - 1 , and  236 - 1 , and the 1-1 and 1-2 free propagation regions  110 - 1  and  120 - 1  are disposed on the first substrate  210 - 1  in the vertical direction, in the same manner as in  FIGS. 2 a    and  2   b.    
     In the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 B shown in  FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b   , at least one second waveguide may be further disposed under the first substrate  210 - 1  in the vertical direction. The at least one second waveguide may include a 2-1 waveguide  222 - 2  and a 2-2 waveguide  224 - 2 . In  FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b   , the number of second waveguides is shown as being 2. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, in another embodiment, the number of second waveguides may be less than or greater than 2, and the following description may also apply to this case. 
     Here, the 2-1 waveguide  222 - 2  is defined as the one of the second waveguides that is closest to the first substrate  210 - 1 , and the 2-2 waveguide  224 - 2  is defined as the one of the second waveguides that is farthest from the first substrate  210 - 1 . That is, the 2-2 waveguide  224 - 2  may be defined as the one of the second waveguides that is located at the lowest position. 
     In addition, at least one second core  240 - 2  may be disposed in each of the second waveguides  222 - 2  and  224 - 2 . 
     Meanwhile, the second cladding layers may include a 2-1 cladding layer  232 - 2  and a 2-2 cladding layer  236 - 2 . The 2-1 cladding layer  232 - 2  may be disposed between the 2-1 waveguide  222 - 2  and the first substrate  210 - 1 . The 2-2 cladding layer  236 - 2  may be disposed under the 2-2 waveguide  224 - 2 . 
     Also, in the case in which a plurality of second waveguides is provided, the second cladding layers may further include a 2-3 cladding layer  234 - 2 . The 2-3 cladding layer  234 - 2  may be disposed between the second waveguides. For example, in the case in which the number of second waveguides is 2, as shown in  FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b   , the 2-3 cladding layer  234 - 2  may be disposed between the 2-1 waveguide  222 - 2  and the 2-2 waveguide  224 - 2 . In  FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b   , the number of second waveguides is 2, and therefore a single 2-3 cladding layer  234 - 2  is provided. In the case in which the number of second waveguides is 1, however, the 2-3 cladding layer  234 - 2  may be omitted. 
     In  FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b   , the number of second cladding layers is shown as being 3. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, the following description may also apply to the case in which the number of second cladding layers is less than or greater than 3. 
     In addition, referring to  FIG. 3 b   , the 2-1 and 2-2 free propagation regions  110 - 2  and  120 - 2  may be disposed under the first substrate  210 - 1  so as to be spaced apart from each other in the horizontal direction, which is perpendicular to the vertical direction. 
     The second cladding layers  232 - 2 ,  236 - 2 , and  234 - 2  and the second waveguides  222 - 2  and  224 - 2  may be disposed between the 2-1 and 2-2 free propagation regions  110 - 2  and  120 - 2 . 
     The 2-1 and 2-2 free propagation regions  110 - 2  and  120 - 2  may correspond respectively to the first and second slap waveguides  110  and  120  shown in  FIG. 1  in the same manner as the 1-1 and 1-2 free propagation regions  110 - 1  and  120 - 1 . 
     In addition, the number of second waveguides that overlap each other in the vertical direction may be equal to the number of first waveguides that overlap each other in the vertical direction. For example, referring to  FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b   , it can be seen that the number of second waveguides  222 - 2  and  224 - 2  that overlap each other in the vertical direction, which is 2, is equal to the number of first waveguides  222 - 1  and  224 - 1  that overlap each other in the vertical direction, which is 2. 
     Alternatively, the number of second waveguides that overlap each other in the vertical direction may be different from the number of first waveguides that overlap each other in the vertical direction. For example, unlike what is shown in  FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b   , the number of second waveguides that overlap each other in the vertical direction may be less than the number of first waveguides that overlap each other in the vertical direction. 
       FIG. 4 a    is a sectional view showing still another embodiment  100 C of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  taken along line A-A′ of  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 4 b    is a sectional view showing still another embodiment  100 C of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  taken along line B-B′ of  FIG. 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 4 a  and 4 b   , the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 C may include a plurality of waveguide cells WC 1  and WC 2  disposed so as to overlap each other in the vertical direction. Here, a description will be given on the assumption that the number of waveguide cells is 2. However, the following description may also apply to the case in which the number of waveguide cells is greater than 2. 
     Each of the waveguide cells WC 1  and WC 2  may include a substrate  210 - 1  or  210 - 2 , a plurality of cladding layers  232 - 1  and  234 - 1 , at least one waveguide  222 - 1 , and 3-1 and 3-2 free propagation regions  110 - 1  and  120 - 1 . 
     When compared with the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A shown in  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   , each of the waveguide cells WC 1  and WC 2  shown in  FIGS. 4 a  and 4 b    does not include the 1-2 waveguide  224 - 1  or the 1-3 cladding layer  236 - 1 . With the above exception, each of the waveguide cells WC 1  and WC 2  shown in  FIGS. 4 a  and 4 b    is identical to the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A shown in  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   . Therefore, the same reference numerals are used, and a duplicate description thereof will be briefly set forth below. 
     That is, in the same manner as that in which each of the first waveguides  222 - 1  and  224 - 1  includes at least one first core  240 - 1  in the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A shown in  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   , the waveguide  222 - 1  may further include at least one third core  240 - 1  in each of the waveguide cells WC 1  and WC 2  shown in  FIG. 4   a.    
     The first, second, or third core  240 - 1  or  240 - 2  shown in  FIG. 2 a , 3 a   , or  4   a , may be filled with air or a total reflective material. In the case in which the first, second, or third core  240 - 1  or  240 - 2  is filled with a total reflective material, light propagated through the first waveguides  222 - 1  and  224 - 1  or the second waveguides  222 - 2  and  224 - 2  may be totally reflected by the first, second, or third core  240 - 1  or  240 - 2 , thereby minimizing the loss of light. 
     Also, in the same manner as that in which the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A shown in  FIG. 2 a    includes 1-1 and 1-2 free propagation regions  110 - 1  and  120 - 1 , each of the waveguide cells WC 1  and WC 2  shown in  FIG. 4 b    may include 3-1 and 3-2 free propagation regions  110 - 1  and  120 - 1  disposed on the substrate  210 - 1  or  210 - 2  so as to be spaced apart from each other in the horizontal direction. The 3-1 and 3-2 free propagation regions  110 - 1  and  120 - 1  are identical to the aforementioned 1-1 and 1-2 free propagation regions  110 - 1  and  120 - 1 , respectively, and therefore a duplicate description thereof will be omitted. 
     In addition, a first thickness T 1  of the substrate  210 - 1  included in the first waveguide cell WC 1 , which is the upper one of the waveguide cells WC 1  and WC 2 , may be less than a second thickness T 2  of the substrate  210 - 2  included in the second waveguide cell WC 2 , which is the lower one of the waveguide cells WC 1  and WC 2 . To this end, the lower surface of the substrate  210 - 1  may be ground before the first waveguide cell WC 1  is stacked on the second waveguide cell WC 2 . 
     In addition, the lower surface of the substrate  210 - 2  included in the second waveguide cell WC 2  may be ground to reduce the second thickness T 2  of the substrate  210 - 2 . 
     In addition, the waveguide cells WC 1  and WC 2  may be joined to each other using a joining unit  250 . 
     In the case in which the waveguide cells WC 1  and WC 2  are disposed so as to overlap each other in the vertical direction via the joining unit  250 , as shown in  FIGS. 4 a  and 4 b   , the process of manufacturing the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 C may be simplified. 
     Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A shown in  FIG. 2 a    will be described with reference to  FIGS. 5 a  to 5 d   . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A shown in  FIG. 2 a    may be manufacturing using methods other than the method shown in  FIGS. 5 a  to 5 d   . Moreover, the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A,  100 B, or  100 C shown in  FIGS. 2 a  to 4 b    may be manufactured using the method shown in  FIGS. 5 a    to  5   d.    
       FIGS. 5 a  to 5 d    are process sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 A shown in  FIG. 2   a.    
     As shown in  FIG. 5 a   , a 1-1 cladding layer  232 - 1  is formed on a first substrate  210 - 1 . For example, the 1-1 cladding layer  232 - 1  may be formed on the first substrate  210 - 1  by thermal oxidation. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The first substrate  210 - 1  may be formed using silicon, and the 1-1 cladding layer  232 - 1  may be formed using polymer or SiO 2 . 
     Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 5 b   , a material  222  for a 1-1 waveguide  222 - 1  is formed on the 1-1 cladding layer  232 - 1 . For example, a material  222  having a relatively high refractive index, such as GeSiO 2 , may be deposited on the 1-1 cladding layer  232 - 1  by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in order to form the 1-1 waveguide  222 - 1 . 
     Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 5 c   , a first core  240 - 1  is formed in the material  222  for the 1-1 waveguide  222 - 1 . For example, the material  222  may be dry-etched by optical lithography in order to form the first core  240 - 1 . 
     Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 5 d   , a 1-2 cladding layer  234 - 1  is formed on the 1-1 waveguide  222 - 1  having the first core  240 - 1  formed therein. For example, the 1-2 cladding layer  234 - 1  may be formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a material having a refractive index that matches that of the 1-1 cladding layer  232 - 1 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In addition, the 1-2 cladding layer  234 - 1  may be formed using polymer or SiO 2 . 
     Subsequently, the processes shown in  FIGS. 5 b  to 5 d    are repeatedly performed in order to form a 1-1 waveguide  224 - 1 , a first core  240 - 1 , and a 1-3 cladding layer  236 - 1 . 
     Hereinafter, an optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to a comparative example and the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to each of the embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIGS. 6 a  and 6 b    are sectional views showing an optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to a comparative example. 
       FIG. 6 a    is a sectional view showing a comparative example compared with  FIG. 2 a   , which is a sectional view showing the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  taken along line A-A′ of  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 6 b    is a sectional view showing a comparative example compared with  FIG. 2 b   , which is a sectional view showing the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100  taken along line B-B′ of  FIG. 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 6 a  and 6 b   , the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to the comparative example includes a substrate  10 , cladding layers  22  and  24 , a waveguide  30 , a core  40 , and free propagation regions  40  and  42 . 
     In the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to the comparative example shown in  FIGS. 6 a  and 6 b   , it is necessary to increase the size of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer in order to broaden the wavelength band thereof. 
       FIG. 7  is a graph showing transmission efficiency for each wavelength. The horizontal axis indicates a wavelength, and the vertical axis indicates transmission efficiency. Here, FWHM is an abbreviated form of Full Width at Half Maximum. 
     The width of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to the comparative example increases in order to broaden a wavelength band as described by Equations 1 to 3 below. 
       Δλ F   =NΔλ   [Equation 1]
 
     Where Δλ F  indicates the wavelength band of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to the comparative example, N indicates the number of waveguides included in the waveguide array, and Δλ indicates the wavelength band of each waveguide. In addition, Δλ has the relationship represented by Equation 2 below. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     Δ 
                      
                     x 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         m 
                          
                         
                           n 
                           g 
                         
                          
                         
                           L 
                           f 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           n 
                           s 
                         
                          
                         
                           n 
                           c 
                         
                          
                         d 
                       
                     
                      
                     Δ 
                      
                     λ 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     Equation 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     2 
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Where Δx indicates spacing between waveguides of a waveguide array of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to the comparative example, m indicates a diffraction order, L f  indicates the focal length of the waveguide array, n s  indicates an index in the slab guide, n c  indicates an index in the arrayed guide, d indicates a pitch length, and n g  indicates the refractive index of a group, which may be represented by Equation 3 below. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     n 
                     g 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       n 
                       c 
                     
                     - 
                     
                       
                         λ 
                         0 
                       
                        
                       
                         
                           d 
                            
                           
                             n 
                             c 
                           
                         
                         
                           d 
                            
                           
                             λ 
                             0 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     Equation 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     3 
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Where λ 0  indicates a center wavelength shown in  FIG. 7 . 
     In the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 ,  100 A,  100 B, or  100 C according to each of the embodiments, on the other hand, the waveguides  222 - 1 ,  222 - 2 ,  224 - 1 , and  224 - 2  are disposed so as to overlap each other in the vertical direction through a semiconductor process in order to broaden the wavelength band thereof, instead of increasing the size thereof in order to broaden the wavelength band thereof. In the case in which the waveguides are disposed so as to overlap each other in the vertical direction, as described above, it is possible to broaden the wavelength band of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer without increasing the width of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer, i.e. without increasing the size of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer. As a result, the wavelength band of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 ,  100 A,  100 B, or  100 C according to each of the embodiments is wider than that of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to the comparative example, and the area occupied by the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to each of the embodiments is smaller than that of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to the comparative example. Consequently, the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to each of the embodiments may be effectively used in a portable electronic device required to have a small size, such as a mobile cellular phone. 
     In addition, it is possible to broaden the wavelength band of the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to each of the embodiments without increasing the area thereof. Consequently, the size of a wafer may be relatively reduced compared to the comparative example, whereby it is possible to reduce costs. In addition, a photodiode is generally used as an image sensor. In this case, an area detector that secondarily uses a photodiode may be used, instead of a line detector that primarily uses a photodiode. 
     Hereinafter, a camera module according to another embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG. 8  is a perspective view showing a camera module  1000  including a spectrometer according to an embodiment. 
     The camera module  1000  shown in  FIG. 8  may include a lens driving apparatus  1100 , an optical integrated circuit  1200 , an image sensor  1400 , a collimator  1500 , a controller  1600 , and a printed circuit board (PCB)  1610 . 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram of the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment. 
     The camera module  1000  shown in  FIG. 9  may include a lens driving apparatus  1100 , an optical integrated circuit  1200 , an image sensor  1400 , a collimator  1500 , a controller  1600 , a light emission unit  1710 , and a driving unit  1730 . 
     Hereinafter,  FIG. 9  will be described as a block diagram of the camera module  1000  shown in  FIG. 8  for the sake of convenience. In  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 8  may be shown in a block diagram different from that shown in  FIG. 9 , and the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9  may be shown in a perspective view different from that shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     In the lens driving apparatus  1100  shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 , technology for transmitting image information of an object  1800  to the image sensor  1400  is obvious in the art to which the preset invention pertains, and therefore a detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     Hereinafter, the respective elements of the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9  will be described. 
     The lens driving apparatus  1100  may serve to collect image information incident from the front of a lens. The image sensor  1400  may serve to process the image information incident on the lens driving apparatus  1100 . The image sensor  1400  may be disposed on the PCB  1610 . 
     The controller  1600  is disposed on the PCB  1610 . The controller  1600  drives the lens driving apparatus  1100  and processes information acquired from the image sensor  1400 . 
     The collimator  1500  serves to collect and align light incident thereon as the result of light emitted from the light emission unit  1710  being reflected by the object  1800 . 
     The optical integrated circuit  1200  serves to split the light aligned by the collimator. The optical integrated circuit  1200  may acquire information about the physical properties of the object  1800  using light reflected after being incident on the object  1800 . 
     In order to perform the above operation, the light emission unit  1710  emits light toward the object  1800 , and the driving unit  1730  controls the light emission unit  1710 . 
     In  FIG. 8 , only the image sensor  1400  and the controller  1600  are shown as being disposed on the PCB  1610  for the convenience of description. However, other elements may be further provided on the PCB  1610  as needed, which does not limit the scope of rights of the embodiment. 
     The lens driving apparatus  110  may transmit the image information incident from the object  1800  to the image sensor  1400 , and the optical integrated circuit  1200 , which serves as a spectrometer, may transmit light reflected by the object  1800  to a portion of the image sensor  1400 . 
     That is, a camera module according to a comparative example processes image information using the entirety of the image sensor  1400 . In the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment, on the other hand, the optical integrated circuit  1200  and the lens driving apparatus  1100  may share a predetermined portion of the image sensor  1400 . As a result, the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment has the effect of providing both the ‘image information’ of the object acquired by the lens driving apparatus  1100  and the ‘physical property information’ acquired from the optical integrated circuit  1200 , which serves as a spectrometer, to a user. 
     More specifically, the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment may collect information about physical properties, such as a number of calories, freshness, and moisture, of the object  1800 , as well as the image information of the object  1800 . To this end, the image sensor  1400  is needed. At least two image sensors  1400  are generally needed in order to acquire both the image information and the physical property information of the object  1800  using a single device. 
     If two image sensors  1400  are disposed in a single device, the size of the device is increased, whereby it is difficult for a user to carry the device. 
     On the other hand, the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment is capable of processing both the image information, acquired by the lens driving apparatus  1100 , and the physical property information, acquired by the optical integrated circuit  1200 , using a single image sensor  1400 . Consequently, the device may be miniaturized, whereby it is possible for a user to carry the device. 
     The coupling structure for processing the information acquired by the lens driving apparatus  1100  and the information acquired by the optical integrated circuit  1200  using a single image sensor  1400  will be described below. 
     In addition, the spectrometer according to the embodiment acquires the physical property information of the object  1800  using the optical integrated circuit  1200 . Consequently, it is possible to obtain relatively high resolution compared to the physical property analysis capability of a conventional spectrometer. 
     Hereinafter, a method by which the camera module  1000  acquires the physical property information of the object  1800  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
     When the controller  1600  sends a signal to the driving unit  1730 , which drives the light emission unit  1710 , the driving unit  1730  may supply power to the light emission unit  1710  such that the light emission unit  1710  can emit light. 
     The light emitted by the light emission unit  1710  is reflected by the object  1800 . The reflected light is incident without being aligned. The collimator  1500  aligns the reflected light and transmits the aligned reflected light to the optical integrated circuit  1200 . 
     The aligned reflected light is split by the optical integrated circuit  1200  and is transmitted to the image sensor  1400 . 
     The image sensor  1400  transmits information about the reflected light, received from the optical integrated circuit  1200 , to the controller  1600 , whereby the physical property information of the object  1800  may be displayed to a user. 
       FIG. 10  is a view showing an embodiment in which the collimator  1500 , the optical integrated circuit  1200 , and the image sensor  1400  are coupled to each other. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 , in the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment, the collimator  1500 , which aligns reflected light, is disposed at one end of the optical integrated circuit  1200 , and a total reflection unit  1203  for changing the path of the reflected light incident through the collimator  1500  is disposed at the other end of the optical integrated circuit  1200 . In this case, the image sensor  1400  may be disposed at one surface of the total reflection unit  1203 . 
     In this embodiment, the image sensor  1400  is illustrated as being disposed at the lower surface of the total reflection unit  1203 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. It is sufficient to dispose the image sensor  1400  such that the image sensor  1400  may receive reflected light, the path of which has been changed, from the total reflection unit  1203 . 
     The total reflection unit  1203  may include a housing  1205  defining the external appearance thereof and an inclined part  1207  disposed in the housing  1205  at an incline. 
     The inclined part  1207  may be inclined at a predetermined angle in order to change the path X of light transmitted to the total reflection unit  1203  and to transmit the light, the path of which has been changed, to the image sensor  1400 . 
     The image sensor  1400  may include a camera sensor unit  1430  for processing image information of the object  1800  received from the lens driving apparatus  1100  and a spectrometer sensor unit  1410  for processing physical property information of the object  1800  received from the optical integrated circuit  1200 . 
     The spectrometer sensor unit  1410  may be disposed so as to be in surface contact with the total reflection unit  1203  in a first direction. 
     The first direction may be a direction in which the spectrometer sensor unit  1410  faces the lower surface of the total reflection unit  1203 . 
     That is, the path of light transmitted to the optical integrated circuit  1200  is changed by the total reflection unit  1203  so that the light proceeds in the first direction, and the light, the path of which has been changed, is incident on the spectrometer sensor unit  1410 . 
     In addition, although not shown in the figure, the total reflection unit  1203  may not be disposed, and the spectrometer sensor unit  1410  may be disposed so as to be in surface contact with the optical integrated circuit  1200  in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. 
       FIG. 11  is a view showing another embodiment in which the collimator  1500 , the optical integrated circuit  1200 , and the image sensor  1400  are coupled to each other, and  FIG. 12  is a view of a still another embodiment in which the collimator  1500 , the optical integrated circuit  1200 , and the image sensor  1400  are coupled to each other. 
     The basic construction of the camera module  1000  according to each of the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12  is identical to that of the camera module according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 10  except that the image sensor  1400  and the total reflection unit  1203  have a different coupling relationship therebetween, which will be described below. 
     Unlike  FIG. 10 , in which the image sensor unit  1400  is disposed so as to be in surface contact with the lower surface of the total reflection unit  1203 , the image sensor  1400  according to each of the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12  may be disposed so as to be spaced apart from the total reflection unit  1203  by a predetermined distance. 
     The image sensor  1400  according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 11  may be disposed so as to be spaced apart from the total reflection unit  1203  by a predetermined distance in a third direction, and the image sensor  1400  according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 12  may be disposed so as to be spaced apart from the total reflection unit  1203  by a predetermined distance in a fourth direction, which is perpendicular to the third direction. Here, the third direction may be identical to or different from the first direction, and the fourth direction may be identical to or different from the second direction. 
     The third direction may be perpendicular to the lower surface of the total reflection unit  1203 . 
     In addition, the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment may further include an optical cable  1209  having one end communicating with the total reflection unit  1203  and the other end communicating with the image sensor  1400  in order to transmit reflected light from the total reflection unit  1203  to the image sensor  1400 . 
     The optical cable  1209  may include a first optical cable  1209 - 1 , a second optical cable  1209 - 3 , and a third optical cable  1209 - 5  for transmitting light split through the optical integrated circuit  1200  to the spectrometer sensor unit  1410  of the image sensor  1400 . 
     It is assumed that light moves from the optical integrated circuit  1200  to the total reflection unit  1203  via three optical paths X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The first optical path X 1  is a path of light that is totally reflected by the inclined part  1207  of the total reflection unit  1203  and advances to the first optical cable  1209 - 1 . The second optical path X 2  is a path of light that is totally reflected by the inclined part  1207  of the total reflection unit  1203  and advances to the second optical cable  1209 - 3 . The third optical path X 3  is a path of light that is totally reflected by the inclined part  1207  of the total reflection unit  1203  and advances to the third optical cable  1209 - 5 . 
     Light incident on the first optical cable  1209 - 1 , the second optical cable  1209 - 3 , and the third optical cable  1209 - 5  is incident on the spectrometer sensor unit  1410  of the image sensor  1400  such that the physical properties of the object  1800  are analyzed by the controller  1600 . 
     In this embodiment, the optical cable  1209  is illustrated as including three optical cables  1209 - 1 ,  1209 - 3 , and  1209 - 5 , for the convenience of description. As needed, however, a single optical cable  1209  may be provided, two optical cables may be provided, or four or more optical cables may be provided. 
     It is sufficient to configure the optical cable  1209  such that light can be transmitted from the total reflection unit  1203  to the spectrometer sensor unit  1410  of the image sensor  1400 . Therefore, the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12 . 
     In the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 11 or 12 , the optical integrated circuit  1200  and the image sensor  1400  are spaced apart from each other, unlike the embodiment shown in  FIG. 10 . In the camera module  1000 , therefore, the positions of the lens driving apparatus  1100 , the optical integrated circuit  1200 , and the image sensor  1400  may be more easily changed, whereby it is possible to further miniaturize the camera module  1000 . 
     The optical integrated circuit  1200  may be an optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer. 
     The optical integrated circuit  1200  may be realized by the optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer  100 ,  100 A,  100 B, or  100 C shown in  FIGS. 1 to 4   b . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     Hereinafter, the lens driving apparatus  1100  of the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment will be described with reference to  FIGS. 13 to 15 . The embodiment shown in  FIGS. 13 to 15  will be described using a rectangular coordinate system (x, y, z). However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, the embodiment may be described using other different coordinate systems. In each figure, the x-axis and the y-axis indicate planes that are perpendicular to the optical axis. For the sake of convenience, the z-axis direction, which is the optical-axis direction, may be referred to as a first direction, the x-axis direction may be referred to as a second direction, and the y-axis direction may be referred to as a third direction. 
       FIG. 13  is a perspective view schematically showing a lens driving apparatus  1100  according to an embodiment,  FIG. 14  is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the lens driving apparatus  1100  shown in  FIG. 13 , and  FIG. 15  is a perspective view schematically showing the lens driving apparatus  1100  of  FIG. 13 , from which a cover can  1102  has been removed. 
     In the lens driving apparatus  1100  according to the embodiment, through the controlling of a focus control unit (not shown), the distance between a lens (not shown) and the image sensor  1400  may be adjusted such that the image sensor  1400  may be located at the focal distance of the lens. That is, the focus control unit may perform an ‘automatic focusing function’ of automatically focusing the lens in the lens driving apparatus  1100 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 13 to 15 , the lens driving apparatus  1100  according to the embodiment may include a cover can  1102 , a bobbin  1110 , a first coil  1120 , a driving magnet  1130 , a housing member  1140 , an upper elastic member  1150 , a lower elastic member  1160 , a first circuit board  1170 , a position sensing unit  1180 , a sensing magnet  1182 , and a base  1190 . 
     The cover can  1102  may be generally formed in a box shape and may be mounted to, may be located at, may contact, may be fixed to, may be temporarily fixed to, may be supported by, may be coupled to, or may be disposed at the upper part of the base  1190 . The bobbin  1110 , the first coil  1120 , the driving magnet  1130 , the housing member  1140 , the upper elastic member  1150 , the lower elastic member  1160 , the first circuit board  1170 , the position sensing unit  1180 , and the sensing magnet  1182  may be received in a receiving space defined as the cover can  1102  is mounted to, is located at, contacts, is fixed to, is temporarily fixed to, is supported by, is coupled to, or is disposed at the base  1190 . 
     The cover can  1102  may be provided in the upper surface thereof with an opening  1101 , through which the lens (not shown) coupled to the bobbin  1110  is exposed to external light. In addition, a window made of a light transmissive material may be provided in the opening  1101 . As a result, it is possible to prevent foreign matter, such as dust or moisture, from being introduced into the camera module  1000 . 
     The cover can  1102  may be provided at the lower part thereof with a first recess  1104 , and the base  1190  may be provided at the upper part thereof with a second recess  1192 . When the cover can  1102  is mounted to, is located at, contacts, is fixed to, is temporarily fixed to, is supported by, is coupled to, or is disposed at the base  1190 , as will be described below, the second recess  1192  may be formed in the portion of the base  1190  that contacts the first recess  1104  (i.e. the portion of the base  1190  that corresponds to the first recess  1104 ). A recess unit having a predetermined area may be formed through the contact, disposition, or coupling of the first recess  1104  and the second recess  1192 . An adhesive member having viscosity, such as epoxy, may be injected and applied into the recess unit. That is, the adhesive member applied into the recess unit may fill the gap between facing surfaces of the cover can  1102  and the base  1190  through the recess unit in order to achieve a seal between the cover can  1102  and the base  1190  in the state in which the cover can  1102  is mounted to, is located at, contacts, is fixed to, is temporarily fixed to, is supported by, is coupled to, or is disposed at the base  1190 . In addition, the side surfaces of the cover can  1102  and the base  1190  may be sealed or coupled to each other in the state in which the cover can  1102  is mounted to, is located at, contacts, is fixed to, is temporarily fixed to, is supported by, is coupled to, or is disposed at the base  1190 . 
     In addition, the cover can  1102  may further include a third recess  1106 . The third recess  1106  may be formed in the surface of the cover can  1102  that corresponds to a terminal surface of the first circuit board  1170  such that the cover can  1102  does not interfere with a plurality of terminals  1171  formed on the terminal surface. The third recess  1106  may be formed concavely in the entire surface of the cover can  1102  that faces the terminal surface of the first circuit board  1170 . An adhesive member may be applied inside the third recess  1106  in order to seal or couple the cover can  1102 , the base  1190 , and the first circuit board  1170 . 
     The first recess  1104  and the third recess  1106  may be formed in the cover can  1102 , and the second recess  1192  may be formed in the base  1190 . However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, in another embodiment, the first to third recesses  1104 ,  1192 , and  1106  may be formed only in either the base  1190  or the cover can  1102 . 
     In addition, the cover can  1102  may be made of metal. However, the disclosure is not limited as to the material for the cover can  1102 . In addition, the cover can  1102  may be made of a magnetic material. 
     The base  1190  may be generally formed in a quadrangular shape. The base  1190  may be provided with a step portion protruding outward with a predetermined thickness so as to surround the lower edge part thereof. The step portion may be formed in the shape of a continuous band type or a discontinuous band type where a center portion of the step portion is intermitted. The thickness of the step portion may be equal to the thickness of the side surface of the cover can  1102 . When the cover can  1102  is mounted to, is located at, contacts, is fixed to, is temporarily fixed to, is supported by, is coupled to, or is disposed at the base  1190 , the side surface of the cover can  1102  may be mounted to, may be located at, may contact, may be coupled to, may be fixed to, may be supported by, or may be disposed at the upper part or the side surface of the step portion. As a result, the cover can  1102 , which is coupled to the upper side of the step portion, may be guided by the step portion. In addition, the end of the cover can  1102  may be coupled to the step portion so as to be in surface contact with the step portion. The end of the cover can  1102  may include the bottom surface or the side surface of the cover can  1102 . The step portion and the end of the cover can  1102  may be fixed, coupled, or sealed to each other using an adhesive, etc. 
     The second recess  1192  may be formed in the step portion at a position thereof corresponding to the first recess  1104  of the cover can  1102 . As previously described, the second recess  1192  may be coupled to the first recess  1104  of the cover can  1102  to form a recess unit, which is a space filled with an adhesive member. 
     In the same manner as the cover can  1102 , the base  1190  may be provided in the vicinity of the center thereof with an opening. The opening may be formed at a position of the base  1190  that corresponds to the position of the image sensor  1400  disposed in the camera module. 
     In addition, the base  1190  may be provided at four corners thereof with four guide members  1194  vertically protruding upward to a predetermined height. Each of the guide members  1194  may be formed in the shape of a multi-sided prism. The guide members  1194  may be mounted in, may be located in, may be inserted into, may contact, may be coupled to, may be fixed to, may be supported by, or may be disposed in lower guide recesses (not shown) of the housing member  1140 . When the housing member  1140  is mounted to, is located at, contacts, is coupled to, is fixed to, is supported by, or is disposed at the upper part of the base  1190  by the guide members  1194  and the lower guide recesses (not shown), the coupling position of the housing member  1140  on the base  1190  may be guided, and the coupling area therebetween may be increased. In addition, the housing member  1140  is prevented from deviating from a reference position, at which the housing member is to be mounted, due to vibration generated during the operation of the lens driving apparatus  1100  or due to errors of a worker during the coupling process. 
     The housing member  1140  may be provided at the upper surface thereof with a plurality of first protruding stoppers  1142 . The first stoppers  1142  are provided to prevent collisions between the cover can  1102  and the body of the housing member  1140 . When external impact occurs, the upper surface of the housing member  1140  may be prevented from directly colliding with the inner surface of the upper part of the cover can  1102 . In addition, the first stoppers  1142  may serve to guide the installation position of the upper elastic member  1150 . 
     In addition, the housing member  1140  may be provided at the upper side thereof with a plurality of upper frame-supporting protrusions  1144 , which an outer frame (not shown) of the upper elastic member  1150  may be inserted into, may be located at, may contact, may be fixed to, may be temporarily fixed to, may be coupled to, may be supported by, or may be disposed at. First through-holes (or recesses) (not shown) may be formed in the outer frame (not shown) of the upper elastic member  1150  so as to correspond to the upper frame-supporting protrusions  1144 . The upper frame-supporting protrusions  1144  may be fixed using an adhesive or by welding after being inserted into, located at, brought into contact with, fixed to, temporarily fixed to, coupled to, supported by, or disposed in the first through-holes. The welding may include thermal welding or ultrasonic welding, etc. 
     The first circuit board  1170  may be provided with at least one pin  1172 . As shown, four pins  1172  may be provided. However, the number of pins  1172  may be greater than or less than 4. For example, the four pins  1172  may be a test pin, a hole pin, a VCM+ pin, and a VCM− pin. However, the disclosure is not limited as to the kind of pins. The test pin may be a pin used to evaluate the performance of the lens driving apparatus  1100 . The hole pin may be a pin used to read data out output from the position sensing unit  1180 . The VCM+ pin and the VCM− pin may be pins used to evaluate the performance of the lens driving apparatus  1100  without feedback from the position sensing unit  1180 . 
     The housing member  1140  may be provided at first opposite sides thereof, among four sides thereof, with magnet through-holes (or recesses) (not shown), which driving magnets  1130  may be mounted in, may be inserted into, may be located in, may contact, may be coupled to, may be fixed to, may be supported by, or may be disposed in. The magnet through-holes may have sizes and/or shapes corresponding to those of the driving magnets  1130 . Furthermore, the magnet through-holes may have shapes that are capable of guiding the driving magnets  1130 . One of the driving magnets  1130  (hereinafter, referred to as a ‘first driving magnet  1131 ’) and the other of the driving magnets  1130  (hereinafter, referred to as a ‘second driving magnet  1132 ’) may be mounted in, may be inserted into, may be located in, may contact, may be coupled to, may be fixed to, may be supported by, or may be disposed in first and second magnet through-holes, respectively. In this embodiment, a total of two driving magnets  1130  is provided. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, four driving magnets  1130  may be provided. 
     A ferrite magnet, an alnico magnet, or a rare-earth magnet may be used as each of the driving magnets  1130 , and each of the driving magnets  1130  may be a P-type magnet or an F-type magnet, which is classified based on the form of a magnetic circuit. However, the disclosure is not limited as to the kind of the driving magnets  1130 . 
     The lower elastic member  1160  may include a first lower elastic member  1160   a  and a second lower elastic member  1160   b , which are separated from each other. In this halved structure, powers having different poles or different currents may be supplied to the first lower elastic member  1160   a  and the second lower elastic member  1160   b  of the lower elastic member  1160 . That is, after an inner frame (not shown) and an outer frame (not shown) are coupled to the bobbin  1100  and the housing member  1140 , respectively, solder portions may be provided in portions of the inner frame corresponding to opposite ends of the first coil  1120 , disposed at the bobbin  1110 , by performing the connection for applying an electric current such as soldering at the solder portions in order to receive powers having different poles or different currents. In addition, the first lower elastic member  1160   a  may be electrically connected to one of the opposite ends of the first coil  1120  and the second lower elastic member  1160   b  may be electrically connected to the other of the opposite ends of the first coil  1120  in order to receive external current and/or voltage. To this end, at least one of the inner frame or the outer frame of the lower elastic member  1160  may include at least one terminal electrically connected to at least one of the first coil  1120  of the bobbin  1110  or the first circuit board  1170 . The opposite ends of the first coil  1120  may be disposed so as to be opposite each other with respect to the bobbin  1110 . Alternatively, the opposite ends of the first coil  1120  may be disposed at the same side so as to be adjacent to each other. 
     Hereinafter, a mobile phone device according to a still another embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG. 16  is a partial perspective showing the external appearance of a mobile phone device  1900  including the camera module  1000  according to the embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 16 , the mobile phone device  1900  according to the embodiment may include a mobile phone device housing  1910  defining the external appearance thereof and a camera module mounting unit  1930  disposed at one surface of the mobile phone device housing  1910  for allowing the camera module to be mounted therein. 
     The camera module mounting unit  1930  may include a lens driving apparatus  1100  for collecting image information of an object  1800 , a light emission unit  1710  for emitting light to the object  1800 , and a collimator  1500  for collecting and aligning reflected light generated as the result of the light emitted from the light emission unit  1710  being reflected by the object  1800 . 
     In this embodiment, the lens driving apparatus  1100 , the light emission unit  1710 , and the collimator  1500  are disposed so as to be adjacent to each other in the state of being spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in the camera module mounting unit  1930 . However, the above disposition is illustrated only for the convenience of description, and does not limit the scope of rights of the disclosure. The positions of the lens driving apparatus  1100 , the light emission unit  1710 , and the collimator  1500  may be changed as needed. 
     The camera module  1000  may be miniaturized, as previously described. Since the camera module  1000  can collect the physical property information of the object  1800  as well as the image information of the object  1800 , the camera module  1000  may be disposed in the portable mobile phone device  1900  in order to provide various kinds of information to a user. 
     More specifically, a conventional mobile phone device displays only simple image information of the object  1800  through a display unit (not shown). In contrast, the mobile phone device  1900  according to the embodiment is capable of displaying the freshness, moisture, and calorie count of the object  1800  as well as simple image information of the object  1800  through a display unit (not shown). Consequently, it is possible to provide a greater variety of information about the object to the user. 
     Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that the embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive and that numerous other modifications and applications may be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the intrinsic aspects of the embodiments. For example, various variations and modifications are possible in concrete constituent elements of the embodiments. In addition, it is to be understood that differences relevant to the variations and modifications fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure defined in the appended claims. 
     MODE FOR INVENTION 
     Various embodiments have been described in the best mode for carrying out the invention. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     An optical arrayed waveguide grating-type multiplexer and demultiplexer according to an embodiment may be used in an optical communication field or an image processing field, and a camera module may be used in a mobile phone device, etc.