Patent Publication Number: US-8126633-B2

Title: Method for operating an internal combustion engine

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to European Patent Application No. 08003963.9-1263, filed Mar. 4, 2008, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to internal combustion engines and fuel injection systems. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Fuel injection control systems and methods for internal combustion engines are well-known in the art, for instance from EP-1 336 745 B1. 
     In conventional internal combustion engines, the quantity of fuel actually injected into each cylinder and at each injection may be different from the nominal fuel quantity requested by the electronic control unit (ECU) and which is used to determine the energization time of the injectors. 
     There are several factors which contribute to this difference, particularly the dispersion of the injectors&#39; characteristics, due to the production process spread, and the time-drift variations of the same characteristics, due to aging of the injection system. In fact, the current injector production processes are not accurate enough to produce injectors with tight tolerances; moreover, these tolerances become worse with aging during the injector life-time. As a result, for a given energization time and a given rail pressure, the quantity of fuel actually injected may be different from one injector to another. 
     The control unit contains exhaust emission relevant maps in which different engine parameters (i.e., set points) are related to the nominal injected fuel quantity and the nominal engine speed. Examples of such set points are the amount of exhaust gas recirculation, the boost pressure, the rail pressure, the throttle valve position. When a difference between the actually injected fuel quantity and the nominal fuel quantity occurs, an incorrect value of this quantity is used to read the emission maps (i.e., that is an incorrect value of said set points is associated to the actually injected fuel quantity), and this results in emission worsening. 
     In view of the above, it is at least one object of the present invention to provide an improved method for operating an internal combustion engine to recover the injectors&#39; drifts. In addition, other objects, desirable features, and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent summary and detailed description, and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background. 
     SUMMARY 
     Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, provided merely by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawing in which  FIG. 1  is a block diagram of the operations performed according to the method of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and: 
         FIG. 1  shows a block diagram of the operations performed according to an embodiment of the method of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit application and uses. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background or summary or the following detailed description. 
     The method comprises the step of measuring the oxygen volume concentration in the exhaust gas flow through a UEGO (Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen) sensor placed in the exhaust line of the engine. The UEGO sensor has an analog output proportional to the oxygen percentage in the exhaust gas. 
     Then, the air to fuel ratio (λ or lambda) of the combustion is determined in a first block  1  of an electronic control unit ECU  2 , based on the oxygen volume concentration measured by the UEGO sensor. 
     A second block  3  calculates the actual, torque forming, injected fuel quantity Q UEGO  according to the following equation: 
               Q   UEGO     =       A   afm       λ   ⋆   fac             
where A afm  is the air mass measured by an air mass sensor and “fac” is a constant calculated by a microprocessor  5  of the ECU  2  according to the following equation:
 
             fac   =         (     A   F     )     st     ⁢   ρ           
where ρ is the fuel density and (A/F) st  is the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio.
 
     A third block  4  represents the calculation of an intermediate value Q dev  of fuel quantity as the difference between a nominal, torque forming, fuel quantity Q TORQUE  estimated by the microprocessor  5  and the actual, torque forming, injected fuel quantity Q UEGO . 
     In the ECU  2  there is stored an adaptive map  6  in which a set of reference correction values are stored, each reference correction value corresponding to a predetermined corresponding couple of values of prefixed engine speed RPM —prefix  and prefixed, torque forming, fuel quantity Q TORQUE     —     prefix  estimated by the microprocessor  5 . 
     The intermediate value Q dev  is used to update the adaptive map  6  to modify the reference correction values: the original values of said reference correction values are combined in a predetermined manner with the intermediate value Q dev , according to a low pass filtering logic. 
     In the operation, from the adaptive map  6  a correction value Q delta  is obtained, depending on a current engine speed RPM —     curr    measured by a sensor and the nominal, torque forming, fuel quantity Q TORQUE : the correction value Q delta  may be the closest fitting reference correction value stored in said adaptive map  6 , or may be obtained by interpolation between stored reference correction values when the current engine speed RPM —     curr    and the nominal, torque forming, fuel quantity Q TORQUE  do not exactly correspond to one of the predetermined couple of values of prefixed engine speed RPM —     prefix    and prefixed, torque forming, fuel quantity Q TORQUE     —     prefix  stored in the adaptive map  6 . 
     In a fourth calculation block  8 , the correction value Q delta  is subtracted from a nominal fuel quantity Q ecu  estimated by the microprocessor  5 . The nominal fuel quantity Q ecu  basically corresponds to the nominal, torque forming, fuel quantity Q TORQUE : the first is a mathematical revision of the second. 
     Thanks to the subtraction, a corrected fuel quantity Q ecuCorr  representative of the actually injected fuel quantity is obtained. 
     Maps  10 , stored in the ECU  2 , contain a plurality of prefixed values (setpoints) of different engine parameters, each value being a function of prefixed nominal fuel quantity Q ecu     —     prefix  and prefixed engine speed RPM —     prefix   . Examples of such parameters are the amount of exhaust gas recirculation, the boost pressure, the rail pressure, the throttle valve position, the swirl valve position. 
     In the operation, from the maps  10  the setpoints which correspond to the current engine speed RPM —     curr    and the corrected fuel quantity Q ecuCorr  are read end used to operate the engine. In this way, there is not any direct effect on the actual injected fuel quantity: the injected fuel quantity is not modified. 
     The invention allows to improve the control accuracy of the injection and is applicable in both Diesel and gasoline engines. 
     Clearly, the principle of the invention remaining the same, the embodiments and the details of production can be varied considerably from what has been described and illustrated purely by way of non-limiting example, without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention as defined by the attached claims. Moreover, while at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing summary and detailed description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration in any way. Rather, the foregoing summary and detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope as set forth in the appended claims and their legal equivalents.