Patent Publication Number: US-2021164679-A1

Title: Thermostat with segmented display

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/942,632, filed Dec. 2, 2019, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Heating, ventilating, or air conditioning (HVAC) systems for residential buildings typically include a controller, such as a thermostat, installed within the building to monitor temperature and provide control signals to HVAC equipment. The thermostats may display information to a user on a user interface, or display, from the thermostat. The display may be provided wirelessly or is provided directly on the thermostat. The information on the display may be provided in a segmented-display format, wherein certain characters on the display may be illuminated by providing electrical signals to certain segments of the characters. 
     Typical segmented displays include seven segment display packages that are inexpensive and simple to install. However, illumination of the character is limited to only seven segments. There exists a need to generate more detailed and accurate characters for a thermostat display. 
     SUMMARY 
     One implementation of the present disclosure is a control device for a building. The control device includes a segment display. The segment display includes a first character including at least seven segments. The segment display further includes a second character including at least nine segments proximate to the first character. The segment display further includes a connecting character including at least two segments located between the first character and the second character. The control device further includes a processing circuit configured to, in a first operation, illuminate at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form a first letter. The processing circuit is further configured to, in a second operation, illuminate at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form a second letter. 
     In some embodiments, the control device is a thermostat. In some embodiments, illuminating at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form the first letter further includes illuminating the letter “M.” 
     In some embodiments, illuminating at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form the second letter further includes illuminating the letter “W.” 
     In some embodiments, illuminating at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form the first letter further includes illuminating a top segment of the first character, illuminating a top segment of the second character, illuminating a top segment of the connecting character, and illuminating a right segment on the first character or a left segment on the second character. 
     In some embodiments, illuminating at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form the second letter further includes illuminating a bottom segment of the first character, illuminating a bottom segment of the second character, illuminating a top segment of the connecting character, and illuminating a right segment on the first character or a left segment on the second character. 
     In some embodiments, the processing circuit is further configured to receive an error signal indicative of an error within the control device and illuminate a plurality of characters to display an error message on the segment display. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of characters includes at least nine segments. In some embodiments, the error message comprises at least one letter “R.” 
     In some embodiments, the connecting character including at least two segments located between the first character and the second character further includes a first dot segment located above the bottom of the connecting character and a second dot segment located below the top of the connecting character. In some embodiments, illuminating the first dot segment and the second dot segment illuminates a colon symbol on a display of the device. 
     Another implementation of the present disclosure is a method for displaying information on a control device. The method includes displaying, via a segment display, a first character comprising at least seven segments. The method further includes displaying, via the segment display, a second character comprising at least nine segments proximate to the first character. The method further includes displaying, via the segment display, a connecting character comprising at least two segments located between the first character and the second character. The method further includes illuminating at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form a first letter. The method further includes illuminating at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form a second letter. 
     In some embodiments, illuminating at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form the first letter further includes illuminating the letter “M.” 
     In some embodiments, illuminating at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form the second letter further includes illuminating the letter “W.” 
     In some embodiments, illuminating at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form the first letter further includes illuminating a top segment of the first character, illuminating a top segment of the second character, illuminating a top segment of the connecting character, and illuminating a right segment on the first character or a left segment on the second character. 
     In some embodiments, illuminating at least one segment of each of the first character, the second character, and the connecting character to form the second letter further includes illuminating a bottom segment of the first character, illuminating a bottom segment of the second character, illuminating a top segment of the connecting character, and illuminating a right segment on the first character or a left segment on the second character. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving an error signal indicative of an error within the control device and illuminating a plurality of characters to display an error message on the segment display. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of characters includes at least nine segments. In some embodiments, the error message comprises at least one letter “R.” 
     In some embodiments, the connecting character comprising at least two segments located between the first character and the second character further includes a first dot segment located above the bottom of the connecting character and a second dot segment located below the top of the connecting character, wherein illuminating the first dot segment and the second dot segment illuminates a colon symbol on a display of the device. 
     Another implementation of the present disclosure is a control device for controlling HVAC equipment. The control device includes a processing circuit configured to provide a control signal to HVAC equipment in response to a temperature sensed by a temperature sensor. The control device further includes a housing including a base, a first removable insert configured to selectively attach to the base, wherein the first removable insert includes a first set of brand identification information that is visible to a user when the first removable insert is attached to the base, a second removable insert configured to selectively attach to the base, wherein the second removable insert includes a second set of brand identification information that is visible to the user when the second removable insert is attached to the base. 
     In some embodiments, first removable insert and the second removable insert may not both be selectively attached to the base at the same time. 
     In some embodiments, the first removable insert and the second removable insert are selectively attached to the base by means of a snap-fit connection. 
     In some embodiments, the control device further includes selective locking mechanisms to provide locking capabilities for the first removable insert and the second removable insert and reject locking capabilities of other inserts. 
     In some embodiments, the first set of brand identification information further includes a first set of a name, trademark, or logo of a company that installs the control device, and the second set of brand identification information includes a second set of a name, trademark, or logo of a company that installs the control device. 
     In some embodiments, the base is located on a lower portion, a side portion, a back portion of the control device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a drawing of a building equipped with a heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) system, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic of a waterside system which can be used as part of the HVAC system of  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an airside system which can be used as part of the HVAC system of  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram of a building management system (BMS) which can be used in the building of  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  is a front perspective view of a thermostat, which can be used in the system of  FIG. 4 , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  is a drawing of a heating and cooling residential system, which can be used in the building of  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7  is a block diagram of a residential HVAC system which can be used in the building of  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8A  is a block diagram of a thermostat, which can be used in the thermostat of  FIG. 5 , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8B  is a thermostat system which can be used in the building of  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 9A  is a front perspective view of a thermostat, which can be used in the system of  FIG. 8B , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 9B  is a detailed front perspective view of a thermostat, which can be used in the system of  FIG. 8B , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 9C  is a front perspective view of a thermostat, which can be used in the system of  FIG. 8B , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 9D  is a detailed front perspective view of a thermostat, which can be used in the system of  FIG. 8B , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 10  is a front perspective view of a thermostat, which can be used in the system of  FIG. 8B , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 11  is a front perspective view of a thermostat, which can be used in the system of  FIG. 8B , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 12  is a front perspective view of a thermostat, which can be used in the system of  FIG. 8B , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 13  is a front perspective view of a thermostat, which can be used in the system of  FIG. 8B , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 14  is a front perspective view of a thermostat with a detachable component, which can be used in the system of  FIG. 8B , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 15  is a front perspective view of a thermostat with a detachable component, which can be used in the system of  FIG. 8B , according to some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Overview 
     Referring generally to the FIGURES, a thermostat with segmented display in a heating, ventilation, or air conditioning system is shown. The display includes one or more segmented display packages that, when provided electrical signals, illuminate segments of a character to display a portion of a character on the display. The packages may include various segments per package, such as seven segments, nine segments, fourteen segments, or more. The display may also include a connecting character that connects a two or more characters together. 
     The combination and/or orientation in how the characters are located, as well as the number of segments within the segment package, may affect the detail and accuracy of the display. Incorporating a character with more than seven segments proximate to a character with seven segments, and illuminating the segments from the character with more than seven segments, may allow for more detailed characters that were otherwise unable to be illuminated, such as the letter “M,” the letter “W,” or the colon. 
     System Overview 
     Building HVAC System 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a perspective view of a building  10  is shown. Building  10  is served by a building management system (BMS). A BMS is, in general, a system of devices configured to control, monitor, and manage equipment in or around a building or building area. A BMS can include, for example, a HVAC system, a security system, a lighting system, a fire alerting system, any other system that is capable of managing building functions or devices, or any combination thereof. 
     The BMS that serves building  10  includes an HVAC system  100 . HVAC system  100  may include a plurality of HVAC devices (e.g., heaters, chillers, air handling units, pumps, fans, thermal energy storage, etc.) configured to provide heating, cooling, ventilation, or other services for building  10 . For example, HVAC system  100  is shown to include a waterside system  120  and an airside system  130 . Waterside system  120  may provide a heated or chilled fluid to an air handling unit of airside system  130 . Airside system  130  may use the heated or chilled fluid to heat or cool an airflow provided to building  10 . In some embodiments, waterside system  120  is replaced with a central energy plant such as central plant  200 , described with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
     Still referring to  FIG. 1 , HVAC system  100  is shown to include a chiller  102 , a boiler  104 , and a rooftop air handling unit (AHU)  106 . Waterside system  120  may use boiler  104  and chiller  102  to heat or cool a working fluid (e.g., water, glycol, etc.) and may circulate the working fluid to AHU  106 . In various embodiments, the HVAC devices of waterside system  120  may be located in or around building  10  (as shown in  FIG. 1 ) or at an offsite location such as a central plant (e.g., a chiller plant, a steam plant, a heat plant, etc.). The working fluid may be heated in boiler  104  or cooled in chiller  102 , depending on whether heating or cooling is required in building  10 . Boiler  104  may add heat to the circulated fluid, for example, by burning a combustible material (e.g., natural gas) or using an electric heating element. Chiller  102  may place the circulated fluid in a heat exchange relationship with another fluid (e.g., a refrigerant) in a heat exchanger (e.g., an evaporator) to absorb heat from the circulated fluid. The working fluid from chiller  102  and/or boiler  104  may be transported to AHU  106  via piping  108 . 
     AHU  106  may place the working fluid in a heat exchange relationship with an airflow passing through AHU  106  (e.g., via one or more stages of cooling coils and/or heating coils). The airflow may be, for example, outside air, return air from within building  10 , or a combination of both. AHU  106  may transfer heat between the airflow and the working fluid to provide heating or cooling for the airflow. For example, AHU  106  may include one or more fans or blowers configured to pass the airflow over or through a heat exchanger containing the working fluid. The working fluid may then return to chiller  102  or boiler  104  via piping  110 . 
     Airside system  130  may deliver the airflow supplied by AHU  106  (i.e., the supply airflow) to building  10  via air supply ducts  112  and may provide return air from building  10  to AHU  106  via air return ducts  114 . In some embodiments, airside system  130  includes multiple variable air volume (VAV) units  116 . For example, airside system  130  is shown to include a separate VAV unit  116  on each floor or zone of building  10 . VAV units  116  may include dampers or other flow control elements that can be operated to control an amount of the supply airflow provided to individual zones of building  10 . In other embodiments, airside system  130  delivers the supply airflow into one or more zones of building  10  (e.g., via air supply ducts  112 ) without using intermediate VAV units  116  or other flow control elements. AHU  106  may include various sensors (e.g., temperature sensors, pressure sensors, etc.) configured to measure attributes of the supply airflow. AHU  106  may receive input from sensors located within AHU  106  and/or within the building zone and may adjust the flow rate, temperature, or other attributes of the supply airflow through AHU  106  to achieve setpoint conditions for the building zone. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , a block diagram of a central plant  200  is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. In brief overview, central plant  200  may include various types of equipment configured to serve the thermal energy loads of a building or campus (i.e., a system of buildings). For example, central plant  200  may include heaters, chillers, heat recovery chillers, cooling towers, or other types of equipment configured to serve the heating and/or cooling loads of a building or campus. Central plant  200  may consume resources from a utility (e.g., electricity, water, natural gas, etc.) to heat or cool a working fluid that is circulated to one or more buildings or stored for later use (e.g., in thermal energy storage tanks) to provide heating or cooling for the buildings. In various embodiments, central plant  200  may supplement or replace waterside system  120  in building  10  or may be implemented separate from building  10  (e.g., at an offsite location). 
     Central plant  200  is shown to include a plurality of subplants  202 - 212  including a heater subplant  202 , a heat recovery chiller subplant  204 , a chiller subplant  206 , a cooling tower subplant  208 , a hot thermal energy storage (TES) subplant  210 , and a cold thermal energy storage (TES) subplant  212 . Subplants  202 - 212  consume resources from utilities to serve the thermal energy loads (e.g., hot water, cold water, heating, cooling, etc.) of a building or campus. For example, heater subplant  202  may be configured to heat water in a hot water loop  214  that circulates the hot water between heater subplant  202  and building  10 . Chiller subplant  206  may be configured to chill water in a cold water loop  216  that circulates the cold water between chiller subplant  206  and building  10 . Heat recovery chiller subplant  204  may be configured to transfer heat from cold water loop  216  to hot water loop  214  to provide additional heating for the hot water and additional cooling for the cold water. Condenser water loop  218  may absorb heat from the cold water in chiller subplant  206  and reject the absorbed heat in cooling tower subplant  208  or transfer the absorbed heat to hot water loop  214 . Hot TES subplant  210  and cold TES subplant  212  may store hot and cold thermal energy, respectively, for subsequent use. 
     Hot water loop  214  and cold water loop  216  may deliver the heated and/or chilled water to air handlers located on the rooftop of building  10  (e.g., AHU  106 ) or to individual floors or zones of building  10  (e.g., VAV units  116 ). The air handlers push air past heat exchangers (e.g., heating coils or cooling coils) through which the water flows to provide heating or cooling for the air. The heated or cooled air may be delivered to individual zones of building  10  to serve the thermal energy loads of building  10 . The water then returns to subplants  202 - 212  to receive further heating or cooling. 
     Although subplants  202 - 212  are shown and described as heating and cooling water for circulation to a building, it is understood that any other type of working fluid (e.g., glycol, CO 2 , etc.) may be used in place of or in addition to water to serve the thermal energy loads. In other embodiments, subplants  202 - 212  may provide heating and/or cooling directly to the building or campus without requiring an intermediate heat transfer fluid. These and other variations to central plant  200  are within the teachings of the present invention. 
     Each of subplants  202 - 212  may include a variety of equipment configured to facilitate the functions of the subplant. For example, heater subplant  202  is shown to include a plurality of heating elements  220  (e.g., boilers, electric heaters, etc.) configured to add heat to the hot water in hot water loop  214 . Heater subplant  202  is also shown to include several pumps  222  and  224  configured to circulate the hot water in hot water loop  214  and to control the flow rate of the hot water through individual heating elements  220 . Chiller subplant  206  is shown to include a plurality of chillers  232  configured to remove heat from the cold water in cold water loop  216 . Chiller subplant  206  is also shown to include several pumps  234  and  236  configured to circulate the cold water in cold water loop  216  and to control the flow rate of the cold water through individual chillers  232 . 
     Heat recovery chiller subplant  204  is shown to include a plurality of heat recovery heat exchangers  226  (e.g., refrigeration circuits) configured to transfer heat from cold water loop  216  to hot water loop  214 . Heat recovery chiller subplant  204  is also shown to include several pumps  228  and  230  configured to circulate the hot water and/or cold water through heat recovery heat exchangers  226  and to control the flow rate of the water through individual heat recovery heat exchangers  226 . Cooling tower subplant  208  is shown to include a plurality of cooling towers  238  configured to remove heat from the condenser water in condenser water loop  218 . Cooling tower subplant  208  is also shown to include several pumps  240  configured to circulate the condenser water in condenser water loop  218  and to control the flow rate of the condenser water through individual cooling towers  238 . 
     Hot TES subplant  210  is shown to include a hot TES tank  242  configured to store the hot water for later use. Hot TES subplant  210  may also include one or more pumps or valves configured to control the flow rate of the hot water into or out of hot TES tank  242 . Cold TES subplant  212  is shown to include cold TES tanks  244  configured to store the cold water for later use. Cold TES subplant  212  may also include one or more pumps or valves configured to control the flow rate of the cold water into or out of cold TES tanks  244 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the pumps in central plant  200  (e.g., pumps  222 ,  224 ,  228 ,  230 ,  234 ,  236 , and/or  240 ) or pipelines in central plant  200  include an isolation valve associated therewith. Isolation valves may be integrated with the pumps or positioned upstream or downstream of the pumps to control the fluid flows in central plant  200 . In various embodiments, central plant  200  may include more, fewer, or different types of devices and/or subplants based on the particular configuration of central plant  200  and the types of loads served by central plant  200 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , a block diagram of an airside system  300  is shown, according to an example embodiment. In various embodiments, airside system  300  can supplement or replace airside system  130  in HVAC system  100  or can be implemented separate from HVAC system  100 . When implemented in HVAC system  100 , airside system  300  can include a subset of the HVAC devices in HVAC system  100  (e.g., AHU  106 , VAV units  116 , duct  112 , duct  114 , fans, dampers, etc.) and can be located in or around building  10 . Airside system  300  can operate to heat or cool an airflow provided to building  10  using a heated or chilled fluid provided by waterside system  200 . 
     In  FIG. 3 , airside system  300  is shown to include an economizer-type air handling unit (AHU)  302 . Economizer-type AHUs vary the amount of outside air and return air used by the air handling unit for heating or cooling. For example, AHU  302  can receive return air  304  from building zone  306  via return air duct  308  and can deliver supply air  310  to building zone  306  via supply air duct  312 . In some embodiments, AHU  302  is a rooftop unit located on the roof of building  10  (e.g., AHU  106  as shown in  FIG. 1 ) or otherwise positioned to receive both return air  304  and outside air  314 . AHU  302  can be configured to operate exhaust air damper  316 , mixing damper  318 , and outside air damper  320  to control an amount of outside air  314  and return air  304  that combine to form supply air  310 . Any return air  304  that does not pass through mixing damper  318  can be exhausted from AHU  302  through exhaust damper  316  as exhaust air  322 . 
     Each of dampers  316 - 320  can be operated by an actuator. For example, exhaust air damper  316  can be operated by actuator  324 , mixing damper  318  can be operated by actuator  326 , and outside air damper  320  can be operated by actuator  328 . Actuators  324 - 328  can communicate with an AHU controller  330  via a communications link  332 . Actuators  324 - 328  can receive control signals from AHU controller  330  and can provide feedback signals to AHU controller  330 . Feedback signals can include, for example, an indication of a current actuator or damper position, an amount of torque or force exerted by the actuator, diagnostic information (e.g., results of diagnostic tests performed by actuators  324 - 328 ), status information, commissioning information, configuration settings, calibration data, and/or other types of information or data that can be collected, stored, or used by actuators  324 - 328 . AHU controller  330  can be an economizer controller configured to use one or more control algorithms (e.g., state-based algorithms, extremum seeking control (ESC) algorithms, proportional-integral (PI) control algorithms, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithms, model predictive control (MPC) algorithms, feedback control algorithms, etc.) to control actuators  324 - 328 . 
     Still referring to  FIG. 3 , AHU  302  is shown to include a cooling coil  334 , a heating coil  336 , and a fan  338  positioned within supply air duct  312 . Fan  338  can be configured to force supply air  310  through cooling coil  334  and/or heating coil  336  and provide supply air  310  to building zone  306 . AHU controller  330  can communicate with fan  338  via communications link  340  to control a flow rate of supply air  310 . In some embodiments, AHU controller  330  controls an amount of heating or cooling applied to supply air  310  by modulating a speed of fan  338 . 
     Cooling coil  334  can receive a chilled fluid from waterside system  200  (e.g., from cold water loop  216 ) via piping  342  and can return the chilled fluid to waterside system  200  via piping  344 . Valve  346  can be positioned along piping  342  or piping  344  to control a flow rate of the chilled fluid through cooling coil  334 . In some embodiments, cooling coil  334  includes multiple stages of cooling coils that can be independently activated and deactivated (e.g., by AHU controller  330 , by BMS controller  366 , etc.) to modulate an amount of cooling applied to supply air  310 . 
     Heating coil  336  can receive a heated fluid from waterside system  200  (e.g., from hot water loop  214 ) via piping  348  and can return the heated fluid to waterside system  200  via piping  350 . Valve  352  can be positioned along piping  348  or piping  350  to control a flow rate of the heated fluid through heating coil  336 . In some embodiments, heating coil  336  includes multiple stages of heating coils that can be independently activated and deactivated (e.g., by AHU controller  330 , by BMS controller  366 , etc.) to modulate an amount of heating applied to supply air  310 . 
     Each of valves  346  and  352  can be controlled by an actuator. For example, valve  346  can be controlled by actuator  354  and valve  352  can be controlled by actuator  356 . Actuators  354 - 356  can communicate with AHU controller  330  via communications links  358 - 360 . Actuators  354 - 356  can receive control signals from AHU controller  330  and can provide feedback signals to controller  330 . In some embodiments, AHU controller  330  receives a measurement of the supply air temperature from a temperature sensor  362  positioned in supply air duct  312  (e.g., downstream of cooling coil  334  and/or heating coil  336 ). AHU controller  330  can also receive a measurement of the temperature of building zone  306  from a temperature sensor  364  located in building zone  306 . 
     In some embodiments, AHU controller  330  operates valves  346  and  352  via actuators  354 - 356  to modulate an amount of heating or cooling provided to supply air  310  (e.g., to achieve a setpoint temperature for supply air  310  or to maintain the temperature of supply air  310  within a setpoint temperature range). The positions of valves  346  and  352  affect the amount of heating or cooling provided to supply air  310  by cooling coil  334  or heating coil  336  and may correlate with the amount of energy consumed to achieve a desired supply air temperature. AHU controller  330  can control the temperature of supply air  310  and/or building zone  306  by activating or deactivating coils  334 - 336 , adjusting a speed of fan  338 , or a combination of both. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 3 , airside system  300  is shown to include a building management system (BMS) controller  366  and a client device  368 . BMS controller  366  can include one or more computer systems (e.g., servers, supervisory controllers, subsystem controllers, etc.) that serve as system level controllers, application or data servers, head nodes, or master controllers for airside system  300 , waterside system  200 , HVAC system  100 , and/or other controllable systems that serve building  10 . BMS controller  366  can communicate with multiple downstream building systems or subsystems (e.g., HVAC system  100 , a security system, a lighting system, waterside system  200 , etc.) via a communications link  370  according to like or disparate protocols (e.g., LON, BACnet, etc.). In various embodiments, AHU controller  330  and BMS controller  366  can be separate (as shown in  FIG. 3 ) or integrated. In an integrated implementation, AHU controller  330  can be a software module configured for execution by a processor of BMS controller  366 . 
     In some embodiments, AHU controller  330  receives information from BMS controller  366  (e.g., commands, setpoints, operating boundaries, etc.) and provides information to BMS controller  366  (e.g., temperature measurements, valve or actuator positions, operating statuses, diagnostics, etc.). For example, AHU controller  330  can provide BMS controller  366  with temperature measurements from temperature sensors  362  and  364 , equipment on/off states, equipment operating capacities, and/or any other information that can be used by BMS controller  366  to monitor or control a variable state or condition within building zone  306 . 
     Client device  368  can include one or more human-machine interfaces or client interfaces (e.g., graphical user interfaces, reporting interfaces, text-based computer interfaces, client-facing web services, web servers that provide pages to web clients, etc.) for controlling, viewing, or otherwise interacting with HVAC system  100 , its subsystems, and/or devices. Client device  368  can be a computer workstation, a client terminal, a remote or local interface, or any other type of user interface device. Client device  368  can be a stationary terminal or a mobile device. For example, client device  368  can be a desktop computer, a computer server with a user interface, a laptop computer, a tablet, a smartphone, a PDA, or any other type of mobile or non-mobile device. Client device  368  can communicate with BMS controller  366  and/or AHU controller  330  via communications link  372 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4 , a block diagram of a building management system (BMS)  400  is shown, according to an example embodiment. BMS  400  can be implemented in building  10  to automatically monitor and control various building functions. BMS  400  is shown to include BMS controller  366  and a plurality of building subsystems  428 . Building subsystems  428  are shown to include a building electrical subsystem  434 , an information communication technology (ICT) subsystem  436 , a security subsystem  438 , a HVAC subsystem  440 , a lighting subsystem  442 , a lift/escalators subsystem  432 , and a fire safety subsystem  430 . In various embodiments, building subsystems  428  can include fewer, additional, or alternative subsystems. For example, building subsystems  428  can also or alternatively include a refrigeration subsystem, an advertising or signage subsystem, a cooking subsystem, a vending subsystem, a printer or copy service subsystem, or any other type of building subsystem that uses controllable equipment and/or sensors to monitor or control building  10 . In some embodiments, building subsystems  428  include waterside system  200  and/or airside system  300 , as described with reference to  FIGS. 2 and 3 . 
     Each of building subsystems  428  can include any number of devices, controllers, and connections for completing its individual functions and control activities. HVAC subsystem  440  can include many of the same components as HVAC system  100 , as described with reference to  FIGS. 1-3 . For example, HVAC subsystem  440  can include a chiller, a boiler, any number of air handling units, economizers, field controllers, supervisory controllers, actuators, temperature sensors, and other devices for controlling the temperature, humidity, airflow, or other variable conditions within building  10 . Lighting subsystem  442  can include any number of light fixtures, ballasts, lighting sensors, dimmers, or other devices configured to controllably adjust the amount of light provided to a building space. Security subsystem  438  can include occupancy sensors, video surveillance cameras, digital video recorders, video processing servers, intrusion detection devices, access control devices (e.g., card access, etc.) and servers, or other security-related devices. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 4 , BMS controller  366  is shown to include a communications interface  407  and a BMS interface  409 . Interface  407  can facilitate communications between BMS controller  366  and external applications (e.g., monitoring and reporting applications  422 , enterprise control applications  426 , remote systems and applications  444 , applications residing on client devices  448 , etc.) for allowing user control, monitoring, and adjustment to BMS controller  366  and/or subsystems  428 . Interface  407  can also facilitate communications between BMS controller  366  and client devices  448 . BMS interface  409  can facilitate communications between BMS controller  366  and building subsystems  428  (e.g., HVAC, lighting security, lifts, power distribution, business, etc.). 
     Interfaces  407 ,  409  can be or include wired or wireless communications interfaces (e.g., jacks, antennas, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, wire terminals, etc.) for conducting data communications with building subsystems  428  or other external systems or devices. In various embodiments, communications via interfaces  407 ,  409  can be direct (e.g., local wired or wireless communications) or via a communications network  446  (e.g., a WAN, the Internet, a cellular network, etc.). For example, interfaces  407 ,  409  can include an Ethernet card and port for sending and receiving data via an Ethernet-based communications link or network. In another example, interfaces  407 ,  409  can include a Wi-Fi transceiver for communicating via a wireless communications network. In another example, one or both of interfaces  407 ,  409  can include cellular or mobile phone communications transceivers. In one embodiment, communications interface  407  is a power line communications interface and BMS interface  409  is an Ethernet interface. In other embodiments, both communications interface  407  and BMS interface  409  are Ethernet interfaces or are the same Ethernet interface. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 4 , BMS controller  366  is shown to include a processing circuit  404  including a processor  406  and memory  408 . Processing circuit  404  can be communicably connected to BMS interface  409  and/or communications interface  407  such that processing circuit  404  and the various components thereof can send and receive data via interfaces  407 ,  409 . Processor  406  can be implemented as a general purpose processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), a group of processing components, or other suitable electronic processing components. 
     Memory  408  (e.g., memory, memory unit, storage device, etc.) can include one or more devices (e.g., RAM, ROM, Flash memory, hard disk storage, etc.) for storing data and/or computer code for completing or facilitating the various processes, layers and modules described in the present application. Memory  408  can be or include volatile memory or non-volatile memory. Memory  408  can include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure for supporting the various activities and information structures described in the present application. According to an example embodiment, memory  408  is communicably connected to processor  406  via processing circuit  404  and includes computer code for executing (e.g., by processing circuit  404  and/or processor  406 ) one or more processes described herein. 
     In some embodiments, BMS controller  366  is implemented within a single computer (e.g., one server, one housing, etc.). In various other embodiments BMS controller  366  can be distributed across multiple servers or computers (e.g., that can exist in distributed locations). Further, while  FIG. 4  shows applications  422  and  426  as existing outside of BMS controller  366 , in some embodiments, applications  422  and  426  can be hosted within BMS controller  366  (e.g., within memory  408 ). 
     Still referring to  FIG. 4 , memory  408  is shown to include an enterprise integration layer  410 , an automated measurement and validation (AM&amp;V) layer  412 , a demand response (DR) layer  414 , a fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) layer  416 , an integrated control layer  418 , and a building subsystem integration later  420 . Layers  410 - 420  can be configured to receive inputs from building subsystems  428  and other data sources, determine optimal control actions for building subsystems  428  based on the inputs, generate control signals based on the optimal control actions, and provide the generated control signals to building subsystems  428 . The following paragraphs describe some of the general functions performed by each of layers  410 - 420  in BMS  400 . 
     Enterprise integration layer  410  can be configured to serve clients or local applications with information and services to support a variety of enterprise-level applications. For example, enterprise control applications  426  can be configured to provide subsystem-spanning control to a graphical user interface (GUI) or to any number of enterprise-level business applications (e.g., accounting systems, user identification systems, etc.). Enterprise control applications  426  can also or alternatively be configured to provide configuration GUIs for configuring BMS controller  366 . In yet other embodiments, enterprise control applications  426  can work with layers  410 - 420  to optimize building performance (e.g., efficiency, energy use, comfort, or safety) based on inputs received at interface  407  and/or BMS interface  409 . 
     Building subsystem integration layer  420  can be configured to manage communications between BMS controller  366  and building subsystems  428 . For example, building subsystem integration layer  420  can receive sensor data and input signals from building subsystems  428  and provide output data and control signals to building subsystems  428 . Building subsystem integration layer  420  can also be configured to manage communications between building subsystems  428 . Building subsystem integration layer  420  translate communications (e.g., sensor data, input signals, output signals, etc.) across a plurality of multi-vendor/multi-protocol systems. 
     Demand response layer  414  can be configured to optimize resource usage (e.g., electricity use, natural gas use, water use, etc.) and/or the monetary cost of such resource usage in response to satisfy the demand of building  10 . The optimization can be based on time-of-use prices, curtailment signals, energy availability, or other data received from utility providers, distributed energy generation systems  424 , from energy storage  427  (e.g., hot TES  242 , cold TES  244 , etc.), or from other sources. Demand response layer  414  can receive inputs from other layers of BMS controller  366  (e.g., building subsystem integration layer  420 , integrated control layer  418 , etc.). The inputs received from other layers can include environmental or sensor inputs such as temperature, carbon dioxide levels, relative humidity levels, air quality sensor outputs, occupancy sensor outputs, room schedules, and the like. The inputs can also include inputs such as electrical use (e.g., expressed in kWh), thermal load measurements, pricing information, projected pricing, smoothed pricing, curtailment signals from utilities, and the like. 
     According to an example embodiment, demand response layer  414  includes control logic for responding to the data and signals it receives. These responses can include communicating with the control algorithms in integrated control layer  418 , changing control strategies, changing setpoints, or activating/deactivating building equipment or subsystems in a controlled manner. Demand response layer  414  can also include control logic configured to determine when to utilize stored energy. For example, demand response layer  414  can determine to begin using energy from energy storage  427  just prior to the beginning of a peak use hour. 
     In some embodiments, demand response layer  414  includes a control module configured to actively initiate control actions (e.g., automatically changing setpoints) which minimize energy costs based on one or more inputs representative of or based on demand (e.g., price, a curtailment signal, a demand level, etc.). In some embodiments, demand response layer  414  uses equipment models to determine an optimal set of control actions. The equipment models can include, for example, thermodynamic models describing the inputs, outputs, and/or functions performed by various sets of building equipment. Equipment models can represent collections of building equipment (e.g., subplants, chiller arrays, etc.) or individual devices (e.g., individual chillers, heaters, pumps, etc.). 
     Demand response layer  414  can further include or draw upon one or more demand response policy definitions (e.g., databases, XML, files, etc.). The policy definitions can be edited or adjusted by a user (e.g., via a graphical user interface) so that the control actions initiated in response to demand inputs can be tailored for the user&#39;s application, desired comfort level, particular building equipment, or based on other concerns. For example, the demand response policy definitions can specify which equipment can be turned on or off in response to particular demand inputs, how long a system or piece of equipment should be turned off, what setpoints can be changed, what the allowable set point adjustment range is, how long to hold a high demand setpoint before returning to a normally scheduled setpoint, how close to approach capacity limits, which equipment modes to utilize, the energy transfer rates (e.g., the maximum rate, an alarm rate, other rate boundary information, etc.) into and out of energy storage devices (e.g., thermal storage tanks, battery banks, etc.), and when to dispatch on-site generation of energy (e.g., via fuel cells, a motor generator set, etc.). 
     Integrated control layer  418  can be configured to use the data input or output of building subsystem integration layer  420  and/or demand response later  414  to make control decisions. Due to the subsystem integration provided by building subsystem integration layer  420 , integrated control layer  418  can integrate control activities of the subsystems  428  such that the subsystems  428  behave as a single integrated supersystem. In an example embodiment, integrated control layer  418  includes control logic that uses inputs and outputs from a plurality of building subsystems to provide greater comfort and energy savings relative to the comfort and energy savings that separate subsystems could provide alone. For example, integrated control layer  418  can be configured to use an input from a first subsystem to make an energy-saving control decision for a second subsystem. Results of these decisions can be communicated back to building subsystem integration layer  420 . 
     Integrated control layer  418  is shown to be logically below demand response layer  414 . Integrated control layer  418  can be configured to enhance the effectiveness of demand response layer  414  by enabling building subsystems  428  and their respective control loops to be controlled in coordination with demand response layer  414 . This configuration may advantageously reduce disruptive demand response behavior relative to conventional systems. For example, integrated control layer  418  can be configured to assure that a demand response-driven upward adjustment to the setpoint for chilled water temperature (or another component that directly or indirectly affects temperature) does not result in an increase in fan energy (or other energy used to cool a space) that would result in greater total building energy use than was saved at the chiller. 
     Integrated control layer  418  can be configured to provide feedback to demand response layer  414  so that demand response layer  414  checks that constraints (e.g., temperature, lighting levels, etc.) are properly maintained even while demanded load shedding is in progress. The constraints can also include setpoint or sensed boundaries relating to safety, equipment operating limits and performance, comfort, fire codes, electrical codes, energy codes, and the like. Integrated control layer  418  is also logically below fault detection and diagnostics layer  416  and automated measurement and validation layer  412 . Integrated control layer  418  can be configured to provide calculated inputs (e.g., aggregations) to these higher levels based on outputs from more than one building subsystem. 
     Automated measurement and validation (AM&amp;V) layer  412  can be configured to verify that control strategies commanded by integrated control layer  418  or demand response layer  414  are working properly (e.g., using data aggregated by AM&amp;V layer  412 , integrated control layer  418 , building subsystem integration layer  420 , FDD layer  416 , or otherwise). The calculations made by AM&amp;V layer  412  can be based on building system energy models and/or equipment models for individual BMS devices or subsystems. For example, AM&amp;V layer  412  can compare a model-predicted output with an actual output from building subsystems  428  to determine an accuracy of the model. 
     Fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) layer  416  can be configured to provide on-going fault detection for building subsystems  428 , building subsystem devices (i.e., building equipment), and control algorithms used by demand response layer  414  and integrated control layer  418 . FDD layer  416  can receive data inputs from integrated control layer  418 , directly from one or more building subsystems or devices, or from another data source. FDD layer  416  can automatically diagnose and respond to detected faults. The responses to detected or diagnosed faults can include providing an alert message to a user, a maintenance scheduling system, or a control algorithm configured to attempt to repair the fault or to work-around the fault. 
     FDD layer  416  can be configured to output a specific identification of the faulty component or cause of the fault (e.g., loose damper linkage) using detailed subsystem inputs available at building subsystem integration layer  420 . In other example embodiments, FDD layer  416  is configured to provide “fault” events to integrated control layer  418  which executes control strategies and policies in response to the received fault events. According to an example embodiment, FDD layer  416  (or a policy executed by an integrated control engine or business rules engine) can shut-down systems or direct control activities around faulty devices or systems to reduce energy waste, extend equipment life, or assure proper control response. 
     FDD layer  416  can be configured to store or access a variety of different system data stores (or data points for live data). FDD layer  416  can use some content of the data stores to identify faults at the equipment level (e.g., specific chiller, specific AHU, specific terminal unit, etc.) and other content to identify faults at component or subsystem levels. For example, building subsystems  428  can generate temporal (i.e., time-series) data indicating the performance of BMS  400  and the various components thereof. The data generated by building subsystems  428  can include measured or calculated values that exhibit statistical characteristics and provide information about how the corresponding system or process (e.g., a temperature control process, a flow control process, etc.) is performing in terms of error from its setpoint. These processes can be examined by FDD layer  416  to expose when the system begins to degrade in performance and alert a user to repair the fault before it becomes more severe. 
     Residential HVAC System 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5 , a drawing of a thermostat  500  for controlling building equipment is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The thermostat  500  is shown to include a display  502  and can be used with the systems illustrated in  FIGS. 1-4 . The display  502  may be an interactive display that can display information to a user and receive input from the user. The display may be transparent such that a user can view information on the display and view the surface located behind the display. Details regarding the features of display  502  are discussed in greater detail below with reference to  FIGS. 9-13 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6 , a residential heating and cooling system  600  is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The residential heating and cooling system  600  may provide heated and cooled air to a residential structure. Although described as a residential heating and cooling system  600 , embodiments of the systems and methods described herein can be utilized in a cooling unit or a heating unit in a variety of applications include commercial HVAC units (e.g., roof top units). In general, a residence  602  includes refrigerant conduits that operatively couple an indoor unit  604  to an outdoor unit  606 . Indoor unit  604  may be positioned in a utility space, an attic, a basement, and so forth. Outdoor unit  606  is situated adjacent to a side of residence  602 . Refrigerant conduits transfer refrigerant between indoor unit  604  and outdoor unit  606 , typically transferring primarily liquid refrigerant in one direction and primarily vaporized refrigerant in an opposite direction. 
     When the system  600  shown in  FIG. 6  is operating as an air conditioner, a coil in outdoor unit  606  serves as a condenser for recondensing vaporized refrigerant flowing from indoor unit  604  to outdoor unit  606  via one of the refrigerant conduits. In these applications, a coil of the indoor unit  604 , designated by the reference numeral  508 , serves as an evaporator coil. Evaporator coil  608  receives liquid refrigerant (which may be expanded by an expansion device, not shown) and evaporates the refrigerant before returning it to outdoor unit  606 . 
     Outdoor unit  606  draws in environmental air through its sides, forces the air through the outer unit coil using a fan, and expels the air. When operating as an air conditioner, the air is heated by the condenser coil within the outdoor unit  606  and exits the top of the unit at a temperature higher than it entered the sides. Air is blown over indoor coil  608  and is then circulated through residence  602  by means of ductwork  610 , as indicated by the arrows entering and exiting ductwork  610 . The overall system  600  operates to maintain a desired temperature as set by thermostat  500 . When the temperature sensed inside the residence  602  is higher than the set point on the thermostat  500  (with the addition of a relatively small tolerance), the air conditioner will become operative to refrigerate additional air for circulation through the residence  602 . When the temperature reaches the set point (with the removal of a relatively small tolerance), the unit can stop the refrigeration cycle temporarily. 
     In some embodiments, the system  600  configured so that the outdoor unit  606  is controlled to achieve a more elegant control over temperature and humidity within the residence  602 . The outdoor unit  606  is controlled to operate components within the outdoor unit  606 , and the system  600 , based on a percentage of a delta between a minimum operating value of the compressor and a maximum operating value of the compressor plus the minimum operating value. In some embodiments, the minimum operating value and the maximum operating value are based on the determined outdoor ambient temperature, and the percentage of the delta is based on a predefined temperature differential multiplier and one or more time dependent multipliers. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7 , an HVAC system  700  is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Various components of system  700  are located inside residence  602  while other components are located outside residence  602 . Outdoor unit  606 , as described with reference to  FIG. 6 , is shown to be located outside residence  602  while indoor unit  604  and thermostat  500 , as described with reference to  FIG. 7 , are shown to be located inside the residence  602 . In various embodiments, the thermostat  500  can cause the indoor unit  604  and the outdoor unit  606  to heat residence  602 . In some embodiments, the thermostat  500  can cause the indoor unit  604  and the outdoor unit  606  to cool the residence  602 . In other embodiments, the thermostat  500  can command an airflow change within the residence  602  to adjust the humidity within the residence  602 . 
     The thermostat  500  can be configured to generate control signals for indoor unit  604  and/or outdoor unit  606 . The thermostat  500  is shown to be connected to an indoor ambient temperature sensor  702 , and an outdoor unit controller  706  is shown to be connected to an outdoor ambient temperature sensor  703 . The indoor ambient temperature sensor  702  and the outdoor ambient temperature sensor  703  may be any kind of temperature sensor (e.g., thermistor, thermocouple, etc.). The thermostat  500  may measure the temperature of residence  602  via the indoor ambient temperature sensor  702 . Further, the thermostat  500  can be configured to receive the temperature outside residence  602  via communication with the outdoor unit controller  706 . In various embodiments, the thermostat  500  generates control signals for the indoor unit  604  and the outdoor unit  606  based on the indoor ambient temperature (e.g., measured via indoor ambient temperature sensor  702 ), the outdoor temperature (e.g., measured via the outdoor ambient temperature sensor  703 ), and/or a temperature set point. 
     The indoor unit  604  and the outdoor unit  606  may be electrically connected. Further, indoor unit  604  and outdoor unit  606  may be coupled via conduits  722 . The outdoor unit  606  can be configured to compress refrigerant inside conduits  722  to either heat or cool the building based on the operating mode of the indoor unit  604  and the outdoor unit  606  (e.g., heat pump operation or air conditioning operation). The refrigerant inside conduits  722  may be any fluid that absorbs and extracts heat. For example, the refrigerant may be hydro fluorocarbon (HFC) based R-410A, R-407C, and/or R-134a. 
     The outdoor unit  606  is shown to include the outdoor unit controller  706 , a variable speed drive  708 , a motor  710  and a compressor  712 . The outdoor unit  606  can be configured to control the compressor  712  and to further cause the compressor  712  to compress the refrigerant inside conduits  722 . In this regard, the compressor  712  may be driven by the variable speed drive  708  and the motor  710 . For example, the outdoor unit controller  706  can generate control signals for the variable speed drive  708 . The variable speed drive  708  (e.g., an inverter, a variable frequency drive, etc.) may be an AC-AC inverter, a DC-AC inverter, and/or any other type of inverter. The variable speed drive  708  can be configured to vary the torque and/or speed of the motor  710  which in turn drives the speed and/or torque of compressor  712 . The compressor  712  may be any suitable compressor such as a screw compressor, a reciprocating compressor, a rotary compressor, a swing link compressor, a scroll compressor, or a turbine compressor, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the outdoor unit controller  706  is configured to process data received from the thermostat  500  to determine operating values for components of the system  700 , such as the compressor  712 . In one embodiment, the outdoor unit controller  706  is configured to provide the determined operating values for the compressor  712  to the variable speed drive  708 , which controls a speed of the compressor  712 . The outdoor unit controller  706  is controlled to operate components within the outdoor unit  606 , and the indoor unit  604 , based on a percentage of a delta between a minimum operating value of the compressor and a maximum operating value of the compressor plus the minimum operating value. In some embodiments, the minimum operating value and the maximum operating value are based on the determined outdoor ambient temperature, and the percentage of the delta is based on a predefined temperature differential multiplier and one or more time dependent multipliers. 
     In some embodiments, the outdoor unit controller  706  can control a reversing valve  714  to operate system  700  as a heat pump or an air conditioner. For example, the outdoor unit controller  706  may cause reversing valve  714  to direct compressed refrigerant to the indoor coil  608  while in heat pump mode and to an outdoor coil  716  while in air conditioner mode. In this regard, the indoor coil  608  and the outdoor coil  716  can both act as condensers and evaporators depending on the operating mode (i.e., heat pump or air conditioner) of system  700 . 
     Further, in various embodiments, outdoor unit controller  706  can be configured to control and/or receive data from an outdoor electronic expansion valve (EEV)  718 . The outdoor electronic expansion valve  718  may be an expansion valve controlled by a stepper motor. In this regard, the outdoor unit controller  706  can be configured to generate a step signal (e.g., a PWM signal) for the outdoor electronic expansion valve  718 . Based on the step signal, the outdoor electronic expansion valve  718  can be held fully open, fully closed, partial open, etc. In various embodiments, the outdoor unit controller  706  can be configured to generate step signal for the outdoor electronic expansion valve  718  based on a subcool and/or superheat value calculated from various temperatures and pressures measured in system  700 . In one embodiment, the outdoor unit controller  706  is configured to control the position of the outdoor electronic expansion valve  718  based on a percentage of a delta between a minimum operating value of the compressor and a maximum operating value of the compressor plus the minimum operating value. In some embodiments, the minimum operating value and the maximum operating value are based on the determined outdoor ambient temperature, and the percentage of the delta is based on a predefined temperature differential multiplier and one or more time dependent multipliers. 
     The outdoor unit controller  706  can be configured to control and/or power outdoor fan  720 . The outdoor fan  720  can be configured to blow air over the outdoor coil  716 . In this regard, the outdoor unit controller  706  can control the amount of air blowing over the outdoor coil  716  by generating control signals to control the speed and/or torque of outdoor fan  720 . In some embodiments, the control signals are pulse wave modulated signals (PWM), analog voltage signals (i.e., varying the amplitude of a DC or AC signal), and/or any other type of signal. In one embodiment, the outdoor unit controller  706  can control an operating value of the outdoor fan  720 , such as speed, based on a percentage of a delta between a minimum operating value of the compressor and a maximum operating value of the compressor plus the minimum operating value. In some embodiments, the minimum operating value and the maximum operating value are based on the determined outdoor ambient temperature, and the percentage of the delta is based on a predefined temperature differential multiplier and one or more time dependent multipliers. 
     The outdoor unit  606  may include one or more temperature sensors and one or more pressure sensors. The temperature sensors and pressure sensors may be electrical connected (i.e., via wires, via wireless communication, etc.) to the outdoor unit controller  706 . In this regard, the outdoor unit controller  706  can be configured to measure and store the temperatures and pressures of the refrigerant at various locations of the conduits  722 . The pressure sensors may be any kind of transducer that can be configured to sense the pressure of the refrigerant in the conduits  722 . The outdoor unit  606  is shown to include pressure sensor  724 . The pressure sensor  724  may measure the pressure of the refrigerant in conduit  722  in the suction line (i.e., a predefined distance from the inlet of compressor  712 ). Further, the outdoor unit  606  is shown to include pressure sensor  726 . The pressure sensor  726  may be configured to measure the pressure of the refrigerant in conduits  722  on the discharge line (e.g., a predefined distance from the outlet of compressor  712 ). 
     The temperature sensors of outdoor unit  606  may include thermistors, thermocouples, and/or any other temperature sensing device. The outdoor unit  606  is shown to include temperature sensor  730 , temperature sensor  732 , temperature sensor  734 , and temperature sensor  736 . The temperature sensors (i.e., temperature sensor  730 , temperature sensor  732 , temperature sensor  735 , and/or temperature sensor  746 ) can be configured to measure the temperature of the refrigerant at various locations inside conduits  722 . 
     Referring now to the indoor unit  604 , the indoor unit  604  is shown to include indoor unit controller  704 , indoor electronic expansion valve controller  736 , an indoor fan  738 , an indoor coil  740 , an indoor electronic expansion valve  742 , a pressure sensor  744 , and a temperature sensor  746 . The indoor unit controller  704  can be configured to generate control signals for indoor electronic expansion valve controller  742 . The signals may be set points (e.g., temperature set point, pressure set point, superheat set point, subcool set point, step value set point, etc.). In this regard, indoor electronic expansion valve controller  736  can be configured to generate control signals for indoor electronic expansion valve  742 . In various embodiments, indoor electronic expansion valve  742  may be the same type of valve as outdoor electronic expansion valve  718 . In this regard, indoor electronic expansion valve controller  736  can be configured to generate a step control signal (e.g., a PWM wave) for controlling the stepper motor of the indoor electronic expansion valve  742 . In this regard, indoor electronic expansion valve controller  736  can be configured to fully open, fully close, or partially close the indoor electronic expansion valve  742  based on the step signal. 
     Indoor unit controller  704  can be configured to control indoor fan  738 . The indoor fan  738  can be configured to blow air over indoor coil  740 . In this regard, the indoor unit controller  704  can control the amount of air blowing over the indoor coil  740  by generating control signals to control the speed and/or torque of the indoor fan  738 . In some embodiments, the control signals are pulse wave modulated signals (PWM), analog voltage signals (i.e., varying the amplitude of a DC or AC signal), and/or any other type of signal. In one embodiment, the indoor unit controller  704  may receive a signal from the outdoor unit controller indicating one or more operating values, such as speed for the indoor fan  738 . In one embodiment, the operating value associated with the indoor fan  738  is an airflow, such as cubic feet per minute (CFM). In one embodiment, the outdoor unit controller  706  may determine the operating value of the indoor fan based on a percentage of a delta between a minimum operating value of the compressor and a maximum operating value of the compressor plus the minimum operating value. In some embodiments, the minimum operating value and the maximum operating value are based on the determined outdoor ambient temperature, and the percentage of the delta is based on a predefined temperature differential multiplier and one or more time dependent multipliers. 
     The indoor unit controller  704  may be electrically connected (e.g., wired connection, wireless connection, etc.) to pressure sensor  744  and/or temperature sensor  746 . In this regard, the indoor unit controller  704  can take pressure and/or temperature sensing measurements via pressure sensor  744  and/or temperature sensor  746 . In one embodiment, pressure sensor  744  and temperature sensor  746  are located on the suction line (i.e., a predefined distance from indoor coil  740 ). In other embodiments, the pressure sensor  744  and/or the temperature sensor  746  may be located on the liquid line (i.e., a predefined distance from indoor coil  740 ). 
     Detailed Residential HVAC System 
     Referring now to  FIG. 8A , a block diagram illustrating thermostat  500  in greater detail is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. Thermostat  500  is shown to include a communications interface  802 , a user interface  504 , and a processing circuit  806 . Communications interface  802  can be configured to communicate via local area networks (e.g., a building LAN), wide area networks (e.g., the Internet, a cellular network, etc.), conduct direct communications (e.g., NFC, Bluetooth, etc.) ad hoc with devices (e.g., ad hoc Wi-Fi, ad hoc Zigbee, ad hoc Bluetooth, NFC etc.), and/or with ad hoc networks (e.g., MANET, a VANET, a SPAN, an IMANET, and any other ad hoc network). 
     Communications interface  802  may be the physical medium through which thermostat  500  communicates with HVAC equipment  404  or various user devices (not shown). In some embodiments, communications interface  802  includes various connectors, amplifiers, filters, controllers, transformers, radios, impedance matching circuits, and/or any other component necessary for communicating with various systems, devices, and/or equipment. In some embodiments, communications interface  802  can include one or more wireless transceivers (e.g., a Wi-Fi transceiver, a Bluetooth transceiver, a NFC transceiver, a cellular transceiver, etc.) for communicating with mobile devices. 
     User interface  504  may be configured to display images and/or content to a user and receive input from a user. In some embodiments, user interface  504  is at least one of a capacitive touch screen, a projective capacitive touch screen, a resistive touch screen, a LCD screen, a LED screen, and/or any other screen, touch screen and/or combination of screen and/or touch screen. In various embodiments, user interface  504  includes various buttons and/or switches for receiving various inputs. Details regarding user interface  504  are described in greater detail below with reference to  FIGS. 9-13 . 
     Processing circuit  806  is shown to include a processor  808  and memory  810 . Processor  808  can be a general purpose or specific purpose processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), a group of processing components, and/or other suitable processing components. Processor  808  may be configured to execute computer code and/or instructions stored in memory  810  or received from other computer readable media (e.g., CDROM, network storage, a remote server, etc.). 
     Memory  810  can include one or more devices (e.g., memory units, memory devices, storage devices, etc.) for storing data and/or computer code for completing and/or facilitating the various processes described in the present disclosure. Memory  810  can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), hard drive storage, temporary storage, non-volatile memory, flash memory, optical memory, or any other suitable memory for storing software objects and/or computer instructions. Memory  810  can include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure for supporting the various activities and information structures described in the present disclosure. Memory  810  can be communicably connected to processor  808  via processing circuit  806  and can include computer code for executing (e.g., by processor  808 ) one or more processes described herein. 
     Memory  810  is shown to include network controller  812 . In various embodiments, network controller  812  includes commands to implement various network protocols and/or communications by controlling communications interface  802 . In some embodiments, network controller  812  is configured to operate one or a combinations of a Wi-Fi network, a wired Ethernet network, a Zigbee network, and a Bluetooth network. In some embodiments, network controller  812  operates an HVAC network. In various embodiments, the HVAC network uses a proprietary communication protocol. Network controller  812  can be configured to control communications interface  802  to operate a local area network or a wide area network (e.g., the Internet, a building WAN, etc.) and may use a variety of communications protocols (e.g., N2, BACnet, BACnet MS/TP, IP, LON, etc.) In various embodiments, the communications protocols may be physically implemented over RS-485, RS-232, RS-422, PS/2, USB, fire wire, Ethernet, Zigbee, Wi-Fi, etc. In some embodiments, the communications protocol is for an adhoc connection (e.g., ad hoc Wi-Fi, ad hoc Zigbee, ad hoc Bluetooth, NFC, etc.) In some embodiments, the protocol is for a MANET, a VANET, a SPAN, an IMANET, and/or any other ad hoc network 
     In some embodiments, network controller  812  is configured to receive setpoint requests from one or more user devices. In some embodiments, network controller  812  sends a setpoint request to user controller  814 . The setpoint request may include a setpoint and a length of time that the user of the user device will be in a zone and/or building controlled by thermostat  500 . In various embodiments, the setpoint requests are received via user interface  504 . 
     User controller  814  can be configured to handle all setpoint requests received from a user device. In some embodiments, user controller  814  receives an operating mode from selector  828 , based on the operating mode received from selector  828 , user controller  814  can be configured to send the requested setpoint to setpoint validator  816  or send a message to the user device. When the mode is average mode, user controller  814  may be configured to send the requested setpoint to setpoint validator  816 . If the mode is master mode, user controller  814  may send a message to the user device identifying the current master of thermostat  500  and inform the user of the user device that they are not authorized to change the setpoint. Identifying the master may be sending a picture of the master, sending a name of the master, and/or sending contact information of the master. The master may be the master user associated with master device  414 . In various embodiments, a message may be sent to a current master allowing the master (i.e., master user) to accept the requested setpoint and/or reject the requested setpoint. When the operating mode of thermostat  500  is average mode, the user may receive a message via the user device asking if the user wishes to begin a vote among all users linked (i.e., logged in) to thermostat  500  regarding the requested setpoint. In various embodiments, a user can send a command from their user device to user controller  814  to begin a vote for a setpoint. 
     Setpoint validator  816  may be configured to filter setpoint requests received from user controller  814 . In some embodiments, setpoint validator  816  identifies if the requested setpoint is within a predefined setpoint range. If the setpoint is outside the predefined range, the setpoint validator  816  may be configured to send a message to the user device informing the user of the user device that the setpoint that they have requested is invalid and/or is outside a proper operating range. In various embodiments, the predefined range is a range surrounding the current average setpoint. The predefined range may prevent an individual from driving an average up and/or down by requesting an extreme setpoint (i.e., a temperature outside the predefined range). In some embodiments, the predefined setpoint range corresponds to an operating range of HVAC equipment  404 . In various embodiments, the predefined setpoint range corresponds to an operating range which will not damage (i.e., continuously run) the HVAC equipment  404 . 
     Setpoint validator  816  may be configured to validate a setpoint based on a time-to-setpoint associated with the setpoint. In some embodiments, the time-to-setpoint is determined from the setpoint received from the user controller  814 . Setpoint validator  816  may store various information about any HVAC equipment (e.g., HVAC equipment  404 ) connected to thermostat  500 . In some embodiments, the information includes a data table linking the time-to-setpoint associated with various setpoints (i.e., a lookup table). User controller  814  may store various technical specifications regarding the connected HVAC equipment. In some embodiments, various equipment models and/or calculation methods can be used to determine the time-to-setpoint based on the technical specifications. In some embodiments, setpoint validator  816  is configured to communicate with HVAC controller  832  and record, based on the operation of HVAC controller  832 , various time-to-setpoints associated with setpoints and ambient zone temperatures. Based on the recordings, a historical model may be generated that can be used to determine time-to-setpoints based on the requested setpoint and/or the ambient temperature. An example of a thermostat determining a time-to-setpoint value is described in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/260,298 filed Sep. 8, 2016. 
     Setpoint validator  816  can be configured to compare the time-to-setpoint determined for the setpoint received from user controller  814  to a length of time which the requesting user is anticipated to be in a zone controlled by thermostat  500 . The setpoint request received by setpoint validator  816  may include and/or be accompanied by the length of time which the requesting user will be in the zone controlled by thermostat  500 . In some embodiments, setpoint validator  816  is configured to validate the setpoint by comparing the time-to-setpoint determined for the requested setpoint to the length of time which the requesting user will be in the zone controlled by thermostat  500 . In some embodiments, a setpoint that has a time-to-setpoint a predefined amount of time less than the length of time the requesting user will be in the zone is validated and sent to setpoint controller  818 . In various embodiments, a setpoint that has a time-to-setpoint longer than a predefined amount of time is determined to be illegitimate and is not sent to setpoint controller  818 , or may be ignored by setpoint controller  818 . In various embodiments, a setpoint that has a time-to-setpoint longer than an amount of time the user will be in the zone controlled by the thermostat may be ignored by setpoint controller  818 . 
     Master authenticator  826  may be configured to identify and/or authenticate a master and/or master device (e.g., master device  414 ). In some embodiments, master authenticator  826  causes a login screen to appear on the master device (i.e., display  416 ) and/or user interface  504  of thermostat  500  and causes the master (i.e., the user) of the master device to enter a user name and/or password to authenticate the master device with thermostat  500 . In various embodiments, a unique device identifier is used to automatically authenticate with thermostat  500 . In various embodiment&#39;s, the unique device identifier is at least one of a MAC address, a UDID, a UDIF, an android device identifier, and/or any other device identifier. Further, various master setpoint requests, mode selections, and/or any other information can be received by master authenticator from master device  414  and/or user interface  504 . 
     Selector  828  may be configured to receive a mode selection from master authenticator  826 . In some embodiments, selector  828  may be configured to activate and/or deactivate at least one of master controller  820 , voting controller  822 , and/or average controller  824 . In some embodiments, selector  828  may be a three-to-one multiplexer. Selector  828  may be configured to select between the master setpoint received from master controller  820 , the voted setpoint received form voting controller  822 , and the average setpoint received from average controller  824 . Selector  828  is shown to send the selected and/or received setpoint to HVAC controller  832 . In some embodiments, selector  828  is configured to activate and/or select at least one of master controller  820 , voting controller  822 , and average controller  824  based on a mode selection received from a master authenticator  826 . 
     In some embodiments, user interface controller  830  is configured to control the operation of user interface  504 . User interface controller  830  can be configured to display content (i.e., images, text, videos, etc.) to a user and receive input from the user. User interface controller  830  may be configured to display the current setpoint on user interface  504 . In various embodiments, user interface controller  830  allows a master (i.e., the current master) to access the thermostat  500 , authenticate with master authenticator  826 , select an operating mode for selector  828 , and/or send a master setpoint to setpoint controller  818 . 
     User interface controller  830  may display the identity of the current thermostat master. In various embodiments, when a user tries to adjust the setpoint via user interface  504 , user interface controller  830  is configured to alert the user that the user is unable to change the setpoint. User interface controller  830  may also be configured to display the identity of the thermostat master and may display picture of the face of the thermostat master. 
     User interface controller  830  may also be configured to allow a user to login with thermostat  500 , request a setpoint via user interface  504 , and/or initiate a vote via user controller  814  and user interface  504 . In some embodiments, a master can login via user interface  504 , set the operating mode of thermostat  500 , set the master setpoint, and/or perform any other action. In various embodiments, any action that can be performed via thermostat application  418  can be performed via user interface  504  and/or user interface controller  830 . In various embodiments, a user may interact with user interface  504  to initiate a setpoint vote. The setpoint vote may cause various devices in the zone of that thermostat  500  is located in to receive a notification of a setpoint vote and a prompt to participate in the vote. In various embodiments, some and/or all the functionality of user controller  814  and master authenticator  826  can be performed by user interface controller  830  and user interface  504 . 
     HVAC controller  832  can be configured to control HVAC equipment (e.g., HVAC equipment  404 ) to a temperature setpoint. HVAC controller  832  can be configured to cause HVAC equipment to heat and/or cool a zone of a building (e.g., building  10 ) and/or the entire building. In various embodiments, HVAC controller  832  can be configured to send a setpoint to building management system  406 . Building management system  606  can be configured to control the HVAC equipment  404  to the setpoint received from HVAC controller  832 . HVAC controller  832  is shown to receive a selected setpoint from selector  828 . In various embodiments, the selected setpoint is a master setpoint generated and/or determined by master controller  820 , a voted setpoint generated and/or determined by voting controller  822 , and/or an average setpoint generated and/or determined by average controller  824 . HVAC controller  832  can be configured to control and/or generate control signals for HVAC equipment (e.g., HVAC equipment  404 ). Controlling the HVAC equipment may cause the HVAC equipment to the selected setpoint and/or may cause building management system  606  to control the HVAC equipment to control the ambient temperature of a zone and/or building to the selected setpoint. 
     HVAC controller  832  may use any of a variety of control algorithms (e.g., state-based algorithms, extremum-seeking control algorithms, proportional algorithms, proportional integral algorithms, PID control algorithms, model predictive control algorithms, feedback control algorithms, etc.) to determine appropriate control actions for any HVAC equipment as a function of temperature and/or humidity. For example, if the ambient temperature of a zone and/or a building (e.g., building  10 ) is above a temperature set point, HVAC controller  832  may determine that a cooling coil and/or a fan should be activated to decrease the temperature of an supply air delivered to a building zone. Similarly, if the ambient temperature is below the temperature set point, HVAC controller  832  may determine that a heating coil and/or a fan should be activated to increase the temperature of the supply air delivered to the building zone. HVAC controller  832  may determine that a humidification or dehumidification component of the HVAC equipment should be activated or deactivated to control the ambient relative humidity to a humidity set point for a building zone and/or the building. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 8B , a system diagram of system  850  is shown, according to some embodiments. System  850  may be identical or substantially similar to heating and cooling system  600 , in some embodiments. System  850  is shown to include user device  852 , sensors  854 , thermostat  500 , HVAC unit  856 , and network  858 . 
     User device  852  may be configured to provide a setpoint to thermostat  500 , receive sensor data from sensors  854 , or interact with HVAC unit  856  directly (not shown). Communication between user device  852  and one or more components of system  850  may be performed via wired or wireless connection. For example, a user may select a temperature setpoint for thermostat  500  via user interface  854 . User device  852  may then wirelessly transmit the signal to thermostat via a transceiver (e.g., Wi-Fi module, radio, etc.) via network  858 . In various embodiments, user device  852  includes cell phones, tablets, personal computers (PC&#39;s), building management interfaces, and other computers that include a user interface. 
     Sensors  854  may be configured to record one or more measurements of the environment in which system  850  is located. In some embodiments, sensors  854  are configured to monitor temperature within a particular building zone of system  850 . Sensors  854  may be identical or substantially similar to temperature sensor  730 ,  732 ,  735 ,  703 ,  746 ,  702 , or any combination thereof. HVAC unit  856  may include fans, heaters, boilers, chillers, air handling units, coils, and any components included therein. 
     Network  858  may be a local area network (e.g., a building LAN), wide area network (e.g., the Internet, a cellular network, etc.), allow for direct communications (e.g., NFC, Bluetooth, etc.) ad hoc with devices (e.g., ad hoc Wi-Fi, ad hoc Zigbee, ad hoc Bluetooth, NFC etc.), and/or with ad hoc networks (e.g., MANET, a VANET, a SPAN, an IMANET, and any other ad hoc network). Network  858  may be identical or substantially similar to network  446 . 
     Segmented Display 
     Referring generally to  FIGS. 9-13 , different embodiments of display  502  for thermostat  500  are shown, according to some embodiments.  FIGS. 9-13  may represent different embodiments of a display for a single thermostat application or setting within thermostat  500 . Display  502  can include multiple different configurations to view information regarding system  850  and is not limited to the embodiments disclosed herein. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9A , thermostat  500  includes top button  902 , center button  904 , and bottom button  906 , and display  502 . Display  502  includes segments  908 , 7-segment character  909 , character  911 , temperature  910 , and icons  912 . Buttons  902 - 906  may be configured to allow a user to interact with thermostat  500 . For example, a user may press center button  904  to bring up a menu on display  502 . The menu may include temperature settings, temperature modes, device information (e.g., status of furnace, air conditioning unit, boilers, chillers, etc.), setpoint settings, or other settings typically found in thermostat menus. Top button  902  and bottom button  906  may be used to select through a series of choices on a menu. For example, buttons  902 ,  906  may be allow a user to switch from a “settings” page to a “devices” page, where the devices page outlines all of the devices connected to system  850 . In some embodiments, buttons  902 - 906  are configured to allow a user to select between different temperature settings (e.g., setpoints, enabling AC, enabling heat, etc.). For example, a user may interact with top button  902  to increase temperature  910  or interact with bottom button to decrease temperature  910 . 
     Segments  908  may configured to represent any type of segmented image, icon, character, or number on display  502 . Segments  908  may be electrically connected to a device in any form that electronically displays numerals, letters, or images using segment displays, such as display  502 . In some embodiments, one or more segments  908  are grouped together (e.g., seven, nine, fourteen, etc.) such that the segments are arranged to display various letters or numbers (i.e., a character). For example, seven segments may be included within a certain device (e.g., liquid crystal display devices, electrochromic display devices, etc.) such that a 7-segment display device illuminates a character on display  502 , such as 7-segment character  909 . The 7-segment display device may also include a decimal point package. 
     In some embodiments, each segment of 7-segment (7-seg) character  909  is electrically connected to a pin (i.e., input/output port) that runs to the processing circuit (e.g., processing circuit  806 ) of the thermostat (e.g. thermostat  500 ). The combination of the illuminated segments of 7-seg character  909 , electrical circuitry, and pins may be referred to as the 7-seg package. All of the cathodes (i.e., negative terminals) or all of anodes (i.e., positive terminals) of the 7-seg package may be connected and brought out to a common pin, allowing the 7-seg package to only require nine pins (e.g., one pine for each digit, one for the decimal point, and one for the negative terminals). The 7-seg package may receive instructions from processing circuit  806  to provide voltage to one or more light generators (e.g., LCD, LED, etc.) that illuminates the respective segment of the 7-seg package. The orientation of the various pins that are tied to various portions of the 7-seg package may be referred to as the “pinout” for the 7-seg package and may disclose which pins are electrically connected to the respective segments in the 7-seg package. For example, the pinout for a particular 7-seg package that is arranged in the typical “8” shape, may indicate that the top-left segment is pin 9, the bottom-left segment is pin 1, and the bottom segment is pin 2, with pin 3 tied to ground. Processing circuit  806  may provide voltage to pins 1, 2, and 9 to illuminate an “L” symbol on display  502 . 
     Still referring to  FIG. 9A , display  502  is shown to include character  911 . Character  911  may be identical or substantially similar to 7-seg character  909 . In other embodiments, character  911  includes more than 7 segments to illuminate a numeral, symbol or character that is more detailed than 7-seg character  909 . In various embodiments, more than 7 segments are included within a segment package (e.g., 9-seg package, 14-seg package, etc.) allowing for more illuminated segments of the character, allowing more detail and/or flexibility in displaying character information. The additional segments may be incorporated between the spacing of the original seven segments, such as inside of the character. For example, display  502  illuminates the letter “W”, as shown in  FIG. 12 . This may be accomplished by incorporating one or more characters with a segment package greater than 7, wherein the larger package includes a segment that allows for connection between a first character  1202  and a second character  1204 . Details regarding this and different letters that can be illuminated from incorporating a second character having greater than 7 segments is discussed in greater detail below. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 9B , a detailed embodiment of a portion of display  502  is shown. Display  502  is shown to include 7-seg character  909 , connecting segment  952 , colon segment  950 , and character  911 . Connecting segment  952  may be a segment of the character  911 , as character  911  may have more than seven segments within its segment package. In some embodiments, connecting segment  952  may include a bottom connecting segment (shown in  FIG. 9B ), a top connecting segment (not shown), or both. Colon segment  950  may be an additional segment or segments that are included within the package of character  911 . For example, Character  911  may include a segment package greater than seven segments that includes the original seven segments (i.e., top and bottom segments, four side segments, horizontal segment), two diagonal segments, two colon segments, two connecting segments, and a decimal point segment. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 9C , the letter “M” is illuminated by implementing two segment display packages proximate to each other with at least one package having greater than 7 segments, according to some embodiments. The package having more than 7-segments may further include a connection segment at the top of the first and second digit. To illuminate the letter “M,” processing circuit  808  may provide instructions to illuminate the left side (i.e., the top-left segment and bottom-left segment) of the first character, the top segment of the first character, either the right side (i.e., the top-right segment and bottom-right segment) of the first character or the left side of the second character, the top connection piece, the top segment of the second character, and the right side of the second character. In such an embodiment, the letter “M” is illuminated. The letter “W” may be illuminated similarly, by illuminating the bottom segment of the first character, bottom connection piece, and bottom segment of the second character instead of the top segment of the first digit, top connection piece, and top segment of the second character, respectively. For example,  FIG. 9C  is shown to include segments  960 - 976 . Other letters may also be illuminated using the connection pieces (e.g., letter “t,” etc.). Processing circuit may provide instructions to illuminate a portion of 7-seg character  909  (e.g., segments  960 ,  962 , and  964 ), segment  970 , and a portion of character  911  (e.g., segments  972 ,  974 ,  976 ). This may result in the letter “M” being illuminated. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 9D , the letter “W” is illuminated by implementing two segment display packages proximate to each other with at least one package having greater than 7 segments. In this embodiment, processing circuit  806  may provide instructions to illuminate the top-left segment bottom-left segment, and bottom segment of the first character, the connecting segment, and the top-right segment and the bottom-right segment of the second character to illuminate the letter “M.” For example,  FIG. 9D  is shown to include segments  960 - 968  and segments  974 - 982 . Processing circuit may provide instructions to illuminate a portion of 7-seg character  909  (e.g., segments  960 ,  962 , and  980 ), segment  980 , and a portion of character  911  (e.g., segments  974 ,  976 , and  978 ). This may result in the letter “W” being illuminated. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 12 , display  502  is shows first character  1202  second character. First character may be identical or substantially similar in functionality to 7-seg character  909 . In some embodiments, second character  1204  includes 9 segments within a 9-segment (9-seg) package. In other embodiments, second character  1204  includes at least 14 segments within a 14-segment (14-seg) package. Second character  1204  may include segments outside of the respective character, such as additional horizontal or vertical segments, dots, diagonal segments, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the additional segments are arranged such that a colon, semi-colon, or other symbol may be illuminated before or after the character. In other embodiments, the additional segments are arranged such that a connection segment may be located before or after the character, such that another character may connect behind of or in front of the character, respectively. This is shown in  FIGS. 9A-B  wherein character  911 , which includes more than 7 segments, connects to a 7-seg character behind it (i.e., 7-seg character  909 ) by means of connection segments at the bottom and top of the digits. 
     In various embodiments, segments  908  are used to indicate various numbers, settings, and operational modes on display  502 , including temperature, setpoints, time, weather, fan enablement, warnings, or any combination thereof. For example, segments  908  display a time, as shown in  FIG. 10 . A user interacts with buttons  902 - 906  (as shown in  FIG. 9A ) to set the current time. In other embodiments, a user interacts with buttons  902 - 906  to set the temperature setpoint for thermostat  500 , as shown in  FIG. 11 . In this embodiment, a user may select a temperature setting that is displayed using segments  908 . 
     In other embodiments, a user interacts with buttons  902 - 906  (as shown in  FIG. 13 ) to display an error message. As stated above, segments  908  may include more than 7 segments per character package to present a more detailed symbol, numeral, or character, such as a more detailed error message. For example, segments  908  in  FIG. 13  illuminate the letter “R” three times in the word “ERROR”. The letter “R” may not accurately be illuminated by a 7-segment character. Typical 7-segment characters (e.g., 7-seg character  909 ) include 6 segments around the perimeter of a formed rectangle (top, top-left, bottom-left, bottom, bottom-right, and top-right) and a horizontal segment in the center of the rectangle, making a rigid “8” shape. 7-seg packages may not typically include a diagonal segment that may be found in a package of a higher segment count, such as the diagonal segment required to display the leg of the letter “R.” Accordingly, a display package greater than 7-segments, such as character  911 , can be implemented in display  502  to illuminate the “ERROR” message as shown in  FIG. 13 . Various segment packages implemented within thermostat  500  may be include various segments, sizes, and types (e.g., LCD, LED, etc.). 
     In some embodiments, segment packages are implemented in various ways to illuminate different images on display  502  and are not limited to segments  908 . For example, 7-seg packages may be implemented to illuminate “70” as shown in  FIG. 10 , which may represent the real-time temperature of a building zone from which thermostat  500  is receiving sensor data. The symbol, numeral, or character that is displayed from various sensor packages may vary, and includes but it not limited to: numerals, alphabet letters, words, symbols, icons, images, or any combination thereof. 
     In some embodiments, the segments may be illuminated in a manner that allows for animation to appear to occur. In some embodiments, the blink rate (e.g., ⅜ blink per second, ½ blink per second, etc.) for illuminating different segments in display  502  is fast enough to provide the appearance of a constant animation. These animations may include a loading symbol. For example, character  120  may illuminate the outer segments in a constant circle when thermostat  500  is processing one or more actions (e.g., generating a control signal, analyzing a user input, etc.). The loading animation may also include illuminating the additional segments (e.g., segment  980 ) that may branch two characters together, thus providing a more complex animation. Any and all segments in display  502  may be illuminated in any order to provide an animation. 
     Removable Branding Insert 
     Referring now to  FIG. 14 , a perspective of thermostat  500  is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. Thermostat  500  includes a housing  1400  including a main portion of the house or base  1401  and a removable portion or insert  1402 . The removable insert  1402  is configured to be a removable component of thermostat  500 . For example, a user may select one insert from a number of options and attach that insert to the base  1401 . Different inserts display different branding or other identifiers on the outer surface of each segment so that when attached to the base  1401 , the user or other observers of thermostat  500  are able to see the branding or other identifier provided by the selected insert  1402 . 
     Removable insert  1402  may be attached to thermostat  500  by any form of mechanical coupling, including latching, fastening, sliding, or locking, or snap-fit connection. For example, a snap-fit or other connector on the segment  1402  base be received by a corresponding receptacle on the base and be used to attach the segment  1402  to the base  1401 . In some embodiments, the connection between the segment  1402  and the base  1401  is a one-time connection such that the connection between the segment  1402  and the base  1401  can only be broken in a destructive manner. In other embodiments, removable insert  1402  magnetically couples to thermostat  500 . Removable insert  1402  may be configured to couple and decouple in a simple and efficient way, such that a different component may be coupled to thermostat  500  in place of removable insert  1402 . Thermostat  500  may have any part of its exterior configured to be removable and does not necessitate the bottom portion (i.e., removable insert  1402 ) to be configured to be removable. For example. A side portion of thermostat  500  may be configured to decouple from thermostat  500  in similar fashion to removable insert  1402 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 15 , a perspective of thermostat  500  is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment.  FIG. 15  shows first attachable component  1502  and second attachable component  1504 . Attachable components  1502 - 1504  may be configured to couple to thermostat  500  in the identical or similar fashion as removable insert  1402  couples to thermostat  500 . Attachable component  1502  is shown to include the brand  1506 , which as illustrated reads “ABCD.” Attachable components  1502 - 1504  may be indicative of the installer of the thermostat and may provide an indication to a view who or what business is responsible for the installment, procurement, or repair of the thermostat. 
     Brand  1506  be include any form of branding (e.g., marking, logo, etc.) and may be indicative of the company, person or persons, establishment, or business responsible for installing thermostat  500 . For example, customer Jane orders thermostat  500  for her HVAC system at her residence. She contacts company ABCD to purchase thermostat  500  and requests that company ABCD install thermostat  500 . Company ABCD installs the thermostat  500 . Company ABCD then removes removable insert  1402  and replaces removable insert  1402  with attachable component  1502  that displays its brand “ABCD”. Attachable component  1502  includes brand  1506 , to indicate to Jane or other viewers the party responsible for installing thermostat  500 . 
     In some embodiments, the brand may be indicative of the company, person or persons, establishment, or business responsible for designing thermostat  500 . For example, Company WXYZ may manufacture and sell thermostat  500  to a supplier, such as Company ABCD. After thermostat  500  is installed in a residence, Company ABCD removes base plate  1402  and replaces removable insert  1402  with attachable component  1504 . Attachable component  1504  includes brand  1508 , to indicate to viewers the party responsible for manufacturing thermostat  500 . In some embodiments, attachable component  1504  includes both the brand of the manufacturer and the brand of the installer. 
     In some embodiments, the removable insert  1402  includes locking mechanisms that allow attachable components  1502 , 1504  to selectively couple to base plate  1402 . These attachable components can include locking features, sliding features, magnetic locking features, fasteners, or any combination thereof. Removable insert  1402  and attachable components  1502 , 1504  may be configured such that removable insert  1402  may only mechanically couple to attachable components  1502 , 1504  or other attachable components that are identical or substantially similar in design. 
     In some embodiments, other identifiers may be provided on attachable components  1502 ,  1504  that allows thermostat  500  to make a communicable connection. For example, attachable components  1502 ,  1504  may include near-field communication devices, radio-frequency identification devices, transmitters, transceivers, and other components capable of making a communicable connection with thermostat  500 . In some embodiments, thermostat  500  can detect when a particular attachable component has been coupled to thermostat  500 . Then, thermostat  500  can provide information to display  502  based on the coupling and/or make control decisions based on the coupling. 
     Configuration of Exemplary Embodiments 
     The construction and arrangement of the systems and methods as shown in the various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.). For example, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     The present disclosure contemplates methods, systems and program products on any machine-readable media for accomplishing various operations. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented using existing computer processors, or by a special purpose computer processor for an appropriate system, incorporated for this or another purpose, or by a hardwired system. Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure include program products comprising machine-readable media for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. By way of example, such machine-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a machine, the machine properly views the connection as a machine-readable medium. Thus, any such connection is properly termed a machine-readable medium. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of machine-readable media. Machine-executable instructions include, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing machines to perform a certain function or group of functions. 
     Although the figures show a specific order of method steps, the order of the steps may differ from what is depicted. Also two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence. Such variation will depend on the software and hardware systems chosen and on designer choice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure. Likewise, software implementations could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule based logic and other logic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps and decision steps.