Patent Publication Number: US-11650389-B2

Title: Fiber indexing systems

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/826,464, filed Mar. 23, 2020, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/214,458, filed Dec. 10, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,606,010, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/416,246, filed Jan. 26, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,151,897, which application claims the benefit of provisional application Ser. Nos. 62/287,373, filed Jan. 26, 2016; 62/288,263, filed Jan. 28, 2016; 62/338,962, filed May 19, 2016; and 62/420,663, filed Nov. 11, 2016, which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to equipment for fiber optic communications networks. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to the components of passive optical networks and methods for deploying the same. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Passive optical networks are becoming prevalent in part because service providers want to deliver high bandwidth communication capabilities to customers. Passive optical networks are a desirable choice for delivering high-speed communication data because they may not employ active electronic devices, such as amplifiers and repeaters, between a central office and a subscriber termination. The absence of active electronic devices may decrease network complexity and/or cost and may increase network reliability. 
     SUMMARY 
     Aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems managing, installing and expanding the capacity of an indexed fiber optic network. In certain examples, the indexed fiber optic network is configured to accommodate network expansion through the use of coarse wavelength division multiplexers (CWDM) or dense wavelength division multiplexers (DWDM). In certain examples, the system can include an indexed PON architecture with a CWDM or DWDM overlay. In certain example, network management and port allocation can be accomplished at a fiber distribution hub. Example indexing architectures and components are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/285,949 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     A variety of additional aspects will be set forth in the description that follows. These aspects can relate to individual features and to combinations of features. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the broad concepts upon which the embodiments disclosed herein are based. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a chart shown wavelength bands corresponding to different optical services; 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic diagram of an example distributed optical network including indexing components daisy-chained together and arranged in a loop so that service can be provide in a forward and reverse direction; 
         FIG.  3    schematically shows an example central office configuration for providing PON and CWDM overlaid service; 
         FIG.  4    schematically shows another example central office configuration for providing PON and CWDM overlaid service; 
         FIG.  5    schematically shows a further example central office configuration providing PON and CWDM overlaid service; 
         FIG.  6    schematically shows an example Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) configuration for use in the network architecture of  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic diagram of an example indexing component suitable for use in the distributed optical network of  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIG.  8    schematically illustrates another fiber optic network architecture in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, the architecture includes indexing components with internal splitters feeding GPON access ports, and also including spare forward feed ports and reverse feed ports; 
         FIG.  9    schematically illustrates one of the indexing components of  FIG.  7   ; 
         FIG.  10    schematically illustrates another one of the indexing components of  FIG.  7   ; 
         FIG.  11    schematically illustrates a Fiber Distribution Hub of the architecture of  FIG.  8   ; 
         FIG.  12    schematically illustrates a further network architecture in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, the architecture includes indexing components daisy chained together with the use of 24 fiber cable sand 24 fiber multi-fiber connectors/connection locations; 
         FIG.  13    is an end view showing a fiber lay-out of a 24 fiber ferrule of a 24 fiber optical connector; 
         FIG.  14    illustrates an indexing scheme suitable for use with indexing components having 24 fiber optical connections; 
         FIG.  15    schematically illustrates a further network architecture in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, the architecture includes indexing components daisy chained together with 4 fibers being dropped in forward direction and 4 fibers being dropped in a reverse direction at each indexing component; 
         FIG.  16    shows an indexing scheme for the indexing components of the architecture of  FIG.  15   ; 
         FIG.  17    shows a central office configuration with PON splitting positioned behind locations where extra wavelength signals are overlaid with the PON signals via wavelength division multiplexers; 
         FIG.  18    shows still another architecture in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure where signals with different wavelengths or ranges of wavelength are harvested at or near the indexing components via wavelength division multiplexers; 
         FIG.  19    shows an FDH suitable for use with the architecture of  FIG.  18   ; 
         FIG.  20    schematically illustrates another network architecture in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure for supporting a multi-use access network having fiber indexing; 
         FIG.  21    illustrates still another network architecture in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure for supporting a multi-use access network having fiber indexing; 
         FIG.  22    illustrates a splitter mounting chassis adapted to be mounted within fiber distribution hubs used in network architectures in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  23    illustrates a splitter module adapted to mount within the splitter chassis of  FIG.  22   ; 
         FIG.  24    illustrates a fan-out module adapted to fit within the splitter chassis of  FIG.  22   ; 
         FIG.  25    illustrates an example configuration for an indexing terminal for use in supporting multi-use access networks; 
         FIG.  26    illustrates still another network architecture utilizing fiber indexing terminals; 
         FIG.  27    illustrates still a further network architecture in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure utilizing indexing terminals; 
         FIG.  28    illustrates an example configuration for a multi-use access and indexing terminal; 
         FIG.  29    illustrates an example device configured to function as a remote hub when incorporated within network architecture in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  30    illustrates another configuration suitable for use as a remote hub when incorporated into a network architecture in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG.  31    is a schematic depiction of an example WDM drop terminal. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary aspects of the present disclosure that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like structure. 
       FIG.  1    shows different wavelength bands corresponding to different optical network platforms. Generally, a traditional passive optical network (GPON) utilizes a 1310 nanometer wavelength within the O-band and a 1490 nanometer wavelength in the S-band. A GPON network can also have a 1550 nanometer wavelength overlay from the C-band for video. Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to the use of wavelength division multiplexing to expand wavelength availability for existing or future GPON networks. In certain examples, certain wavelengths in the E-band can be utilized using coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) and can be used to expand the capacity or provide additional services on optical fibers designated for a GPON network. Example wavelengths from the E-band can include 1350 nanometers, 1370 nanometers, 1390 nanometers, 1410 nanometers, 1430 nanometers and 1450 nanometers. In certain examples, the 1590 nanometer wavelength area could be broken down into a plurality (e.g., ten) of dense wavelength division multiplexer (DWDM) channels. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a fiber optic network architecture  20  in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. It will be appreciated that the fiber optic network architecture  20  is suited for supporting a GPON network with certain CWDM or DWDM channels overlaid over the GPON channels. For example, CWDM technology can be used to overlay a 1370 nanometer wavelength, a 1390 nanometer wavelength, 1410 nanometer wavelength and a 1430 nanometer wavelength over standard GPON wavelengths such as 1310 nanometers and 1490 nanometers. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , the fiber optic network architecture  20  includes a fiber distribution hub  22  that receives F1 cables  21  from a central location such as a central office  23 . An F1 cable is typically a cable located closer to the center of a fiber optic network while F2 cables are generally closer to the edge of a fiber optic network. Each of the F1 cables  21  can include a plurality of F1 optical fibers  24 . The fiber distribution hub  22  can function as a distribution point for managing optical connections between the F1 optical fibers  24  and optical fibers corresponding to an F2 portion  26  of the fiber optic network architecture  20 . It will be appreciated that the fiber distribution hub  22  can include a cabinet (i.e., a housing or enclosure) that contains optical components such as passive optical splitters  28  and patch panels  30 . The fiber distribution hub  22  can also include multi-fiber connection locations  32   a ,  32   b  that interface with the F2 portion  26  of the fiber optic network architecture  20 . In certain examples, the F2 portion  26  of the fiber optic network architecture  20  can include a plurality of indexing components  34  that are daisy-chained together and optically connected in a loop with respect to the fiber distribution hub  22 . The loop can start at multi-fiber connection location  32   a  and extend through the daisy-chain of indexing components  34  and then return to the multi-fiber connection location  32   b  to complete the loop. The multi-fiber connection location  32   a  can be referred to as a forward feed connection location and the multi-fiber connection location  32   b  can be referred to as a reverse feed connection location. Signals can be forward-fed from the fiber distribution hub  22  to the F2 portion  26  of the fiber optic network architecture  20  through the multi-fiber connection location  32   a . Signals can be reverse-fed through the F2 portion  26  of the fiber optic network architecture  20  through the fiber optic connection location  32   b.    
     It will be appreciated that the multi-fiber connection locations  32   a ,  32   b  can each include a multi-fiber ferrule supporting a plurality of optical fibers. The multi-fiber connection locations can be demateable in the same way fiber optic connectors re demateable. By way of example, each of the multi-fiber ferrules can support 12 fibers, 24 fibers, 36 fibers, 48 fibers, 72 fibers, 96 fibers, 144 fibers, 288 fibers, or other numbers of optical fibers. It will be appreciated that the multi-fiber connection locations  32   a ,  32   b  can be provided on panels, bulkheads or other structures. In certain examples, the multi-fiber connection locations include multi-fiber ferrules as indicated above. In certain examples, multi-fiber ferrules can be incorporated as part of non-ruggedized fiber optic connectors such as MPO connectors. The non-ruggedized fiber optic connectors can be interconnected to multi-fiber optical connectors corresponding to fiber optic distribution cables routed from the fiber distribution hubs by multi-fiber fiber optic adapters that can be mounted in an organized way such as on a bulkhead, on a panel, on a wall of the FDH cabinet, on sliding adapter packs, or on other structures configured to provide relatively high density. In this type of configuration, cables connected to the multi-fiber connection locations  32   a ,  32   b  can be routed into the FDH through seals such that the fiber optic connectors are not required to be ruggedized. In other examples, the multi-fiber connection locations  32   a ,  32   b  can include multi-fiber ferrules mounted at ruggedized multi-fiber ports that are environmentally sealable and that can be accessed from outside the fiber distribution hub without having to access the interior of the fiber distribution hub. It will be appreciated that the ruggedize multi-fiber ports can be arranged in arrays on a side of the FDH cabinet. In other examples, the ruggedized multi-fiber ports can be provided on ruggedized tethers routed outside of the FDH cabinet through seals. In still other examples, the ruggedized multi-fiber ports can be provided on bulkheads or other structures inside or outside the cabinet. Further, in certain examples, separate arrays, arrangements or groups of ruggedized multi-fiber ports can be provided corresponding to forward-feed applications and reverse-feed applications. In certain examples, the FDH can be equipped with at least four, eight, sixteen, thirty-two, or sixty-four ruggedized multi-fiber ports. It will be appreciated that the ruggedized multi-fiber ports and ruggedized multi-fiber connectors that are disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 7,264,402; PCT Publication No. WO2014/190281; and PCT Publication No. WO2013/077969, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties, are examples of ruggedized multi-fiber ports and ruggedized multi-fiber optic connectors mentioned throughout this disclosure. 
       FIG.  3    shows an example configuration for the central office  23 . In certain examples, the central office  23  can include PON interfaces  36  for supporting a GPON network, and additional wavelength interfaces  38  for supporting additional wavelengths such as CWDM wavelengths (e.g., 1370 nanometers, 1390 nanometers, 1410 nanometers, 1430 nanometers, 1350 nanometers, 1450 nanometers, and 1590 nanometers) or DWDM wavelengths. Signals supporting the standard GPON network are merged (i.e., overlaid) with the additional wavelength signals by wavelength division multiplexers  40  such as CWDMs or DWDMs. The overlaid signals are merged with video signals at combiners  42  (e.g., 2×2 combiners) which combine the signals and then split the combined signals into two F1 signals (each including PON, CWDM and video) that are transmitted through the F1 optical fibers  24  to the fiber distribution hub  22 . 
       FIG.  4    shows an alternative configuration for the central office  23 . In this configuration, video has been eliminated and PON splitting has been positioned upstream from the wavelength division multiplexers  40 . By not splitting the signals with the additional wavelengths (e.g., the CWDM wavelengths) at the central office, the number of terminals that share the additional wavelength signals from the same source (i.e., the same additional wavelength interface  38 ) is reduced. 
       FIG.  5    shows still another configuration for the central office  23 . In this configuration, the 2×2 combiners  42  have been replaced by 2×1 combiners  42   a . In this way, the DWM signals from source  38  and the PON signals from source  36  are not passively split at the central office  23 . In this way, the ability to split can be forced or pushed farther out into the network closer to the network edge. This allows each of the fibers  24  to support twice as many drops. Therefore, one way to retrofit a system to increase the number of drops that can be supported by existing fibers in the network is to replace 2×2 combiners at the central office with 2×1 combiners at the central office. 
     Referring to  FIG.  6   , the fiber distribution hub  22  is depicted including three passive optical power splitters  28  each being fed by one of the F1 optical fibers  24 . The passive optical splitters  28  are shown as being 1×4 splitters. In other examples, passive optical splitters can include 1×8 splitters, 1×16 splitters, 1×32 splitters, or splitters having other split ratios. The outputs of the optical splitters  28  are shown including connectorized pigtails  44  having ends terminated by single-fiber optical connectors  46  such as SC-type connectors, LC-type fiber optic connectors or other type of fiber optic connectors. The fiber optic connectors  46  are installed (e.g., loaded, inserted) within ports of fiber optic adapters  48  provided at the patch panels  30 . It will be appreciated that the fiber optic adapters  48  can be configured for optically connecting together two fiber optic connectors. A typical fiber optic adapter  48  can include a ferrule alignment sleeve that receives and coaxially aligns the ferrules of two mated fiber optic connectors so that light can be conveyed between optical fibers supported within the ferrules. 
     Fiber harnesses can also be used to optically connect the multi-fiber connection locations  32   a ,  32   b  to the outputs of the passive optical splitters  28  and/or directly to pass-through F1 optical fibers  24  at the patch panels  30 . The optical fiber harnesses can include optical fibers  49  having first ends terminated at multi-fiber ferrules located at the multi-fiber connection locations  32   a ,  32   b  and second ends terminated by single fiber optical connectors  50  installed in ports of the fiber optic adapters  48  at the patch panels  30 . It will be appreciated that the patch panels  30  function to optically couple the single-fiber optical connectors  50  to the single-fiber optical connectors  46  of the connectorized pigtails  44 . The patch panels  30  can also function to optically couple the single-fiber optical connectors  50  to F1 optical fibers  24  connectorized by a single-fiber optical connectors  52 . 
     Referring back to  FIG.  2   , the indexing components  34  can include indexing components  34   a - 34   l  daisy-chained together in series with component  34   a  being first in the chain and component  34   l  being last in the chain when moving in a forward direction along the chain. It will be appreciated that the indexing components  34   a - 34   l  have the same basic configuration except for different passive power split ratios are provided. For example, each indexing component  34   a ,  34   c ,  34   e ,  34   h ,  34   i ,  34   j  and  34   l  has an internal passive optical power splitter with a split ratio of 1×8 so that each of such components is provided with 8 GPON drop ports  35 . Each indexing component  34   b ,  34   d ,  34   f ,  34   g  and  34   k  has an internal passive optical power splitter with a split ratio of 1×4 so that each of such components is provided with 4 GPON drop ports  35 . The GPON drop ports  35  can be ruggedized optical ports and can include fiber optic adapters configured to optically connect the outputs of the component optical splitters to ruggedized fiber optic connectors mated with the ports  35 . The ruggedized fiber optic connectors can terminate the ends of cables such as drop cables routed to subscriber locations. The ruggedized connectors can mate in a sealed interface with the ports  35  and can be secured within the ports by robust mechanical connection interfaces such as threaded connections or bayonet-type connections. 
       FIG.  7    is a schematic diagram of one of the indexing components  34   a . The indexing component  34   a  includes a terminal housing  52  at which 8 of the GPON drop ports  35  (i.e., fiber optic adapter ports for receiving fiber optic connectors) are provided. The drop ports  35  are optically coupled to corresponding to outputs of a passive optical power splitter  56  housed within the terminal housing  52 . The GPON drop ports  35  are each preferably ruggedized single-fiber fiber optic adapters configured for receiving and optically connecting with a ruggedized single-fiber fiber optic connector. Example configurations for the ruggedized single-fiber fiber optic adapters as well as the ruggedized single-fiber fiber optic connector are disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 7,744,288, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The ruggedized fiber optic adapter ports are preferably carried with the terminal body  52 . 
     Referring still to  FIG.  7   , the indexing component  34   a  includes a first multi-fiber connection location  66  for providing multi-fiber optical connections. The first multi-fiber connection location  66  can also be referred to as an upstream connection location since it is on the upstream side of the component when communications are moving in a forward direction through the component. The first multi-fiber connection location  66  can be provided at the terminal  52 . Alternatively, as depicted the first multi-fiber connection location  66  can be provided by a multi-fiber fiber optic connector (e.g., an HMFOC as described below) mounted at the end of a fiber tether or stub  64  having optical fibers routed into the terminal  52 . The first multi-fiber fiber optic connection location  66  can include a multi-fiber ferrule supporting ends of the plurality of optical fibers routed through the tether to the terminal  52 . The indexing component  34   a  also includes a second multi-fiber connection location  60  for providing optical connections with a multi-fiber fiber optic connector. The second multi-fiber connection location  60  can also be referred to as a downstream connection location since it is on the downstream side of the component when communications are moving in a forward direction through the component. The second multi-fiber connection location  60  can include a multi-fiber ferrule supporting the ends of optical fibers routed from the first multi-fiber connection location  66 . The optical fibers can be indexed such that the ends of the optical fibers at the first multi-fiber connection location  66  are at different fiber positions within the ferrule as compared to the fiber positons of the opposite ends of the optical fibers within the ferrule of the second multi-fiber connection location  60 . In certain examples, the multi-fiber connection location  60  is adapted to interface with a hardened multi-fiber fiber optic connector (HMFOC) of the type disclosed by International Application No. PCT/US2014/039377, which is hereby incorporated by reference. The indexing component  34   a  further includes a reverse-feed drop port  62  optically coupled to one of the fiber positions of the first multi-fiber fiber optic connection location  60 . The reverse-feed drop port  62  can include a ruggedized single-fiber fiber optic adapter of the type described above. 
     As shown, the fiber optic connection location  66  includes a multi-fiber ferrule supporting first ends of twelve optical fibers at 12 positions numbered  1 - 12 . Similarly, the multi-fiber connection location  60  includes a multi-fiber ferrule supporting second ends of eleven of the twelve optical fibers at positions numbered  1 - 11 . The optical fiber corresponding to position  1  of the fiber optic connector  66  is optically connected to an input side of the optical splitter  56 . The optical fibers corresponding to positions  2 - 12  of the fiber optic connector  66  are coupled respectively to positions  1 - 11  of the multi-fiber ferrule of the multi-fiber connection location  60 . Thus, the optical fibers are indexed one position relative to one another. Fiber position  12  of the multi-fiber connection location  60  is optically coupled to the reverse-feed port  62 . 
     Referring back to  FIG.  2   , the optical fibers connected through the multi-fiber connection location  32   a  are adapted to provide GPON service to the ruggedized ports  35  of the terminals  52  of the indexing components  34 . In this configuration, fibers  1 - 12  of the multi-fiber connection location  32   a  respectively support terminals  34   a - 34   l . Each of the optical fibers supporting the terminals in the forward direction can include GPON signals as well as the additional wavelength signals (e.g., CWDM signals). In certain examples, F1-fibers can pass un-split through the FDH and can be used to provide service through the multi-fiber connection location  32   b  to the reverse-feed ports  62  of the terminals. In certain examples, the F1 fibers coupled to the daisy-chain via the multi-fiber connection location  32   b  can provide up to 18 CDWM wavelengths per fiber to the reverse-feed ports  62 . By plugging the F1 fiber to the appropriate port on the patch panel  30 , the reverse-feed port  62  of a selected terminal can be optically connected to the F1 fiber directly. As shown at  FIG.  5   , the un-split pass-through F1 fiber is shown optically coupled to the 12th fiber of the reverse-feed multi-fiber connection location  32   b . Thus, the F1 fiber is optically connected to the reverse-feed port  62  of the last indexing component  34   l  in the daisy-chain of indexing components  34 . 
       FIG.  8    depicts a further fiber optic network architecture  120  in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. The fiber optic network architecture  120  can include a fiber distribution hub  22  of the type described above that receives F1 optical fibers  24  from a central office  23 . As described above, the central office  23  can support both a traditional GPON network and can also provide a CWDM or DWDM overlay. The fiber optic network architecture  120  can include an F2 portion  126  that is similar to the F2 portion  26  in that a number of indexing components  134   a - 134   i  have been daisy-chained together and connected in a closed loop with respect to the fiber distribution hub  22 . In the F2 portion  126 , a number of the indexing components  134   a ,  134   c ,  134   e  and  134   h  have been configured so as to have spare ports which are not coupled to the outputs of the component splitters. Such spare ports are intended to be supported by a forward-feed from the fiber distribution hub and are intended to output signals that have not been optically power split within the F2 portion of the network (i.e. the signals have not been power split downstream of the FDH). Components  134   b ,  134   d ,  134   f ,  134   g  and  134   i  have the same structure as the indexing components with comparable split ratios disclosed with respect to the architecture  20  of  FIG.  2   . 
       FIG.  9    shows an example indexing component  134   a  used in the F2 portion  126  of the network architecture  120 . Component  134   c  has the same structure as component  134   a  and components  134   h  has the same structure as component  134   a  except for a reduced split ratio. The component  134   a  of  FIG.  8    includes a first multi-fiber connection location such as an input tether  164  terminated by a hardened multi-fiber fiber optic connector  166  having a multi-fiber ferrule. The multi-fiber ferrule supports 12 fibers numbered  1 - 12 . The indexing component  134   a  further includes a second multi-fiber connection location  160  having a multi-fiber ferrule supporting 12 fibers numbered  1 - 12 . The tether  164  is routed to a terminal housing and the multi-fiber connection location  160  is provided at the terminal housing. The first fiber of the tether  164  is routed to a passive optical splitter  156  whose outputs are routed to ruggedized single-fiber fiber optic adapter ports  135  (i.e., drop ports such as GPON drop ports). The second fiber of the tether  164  is routed to a spare drop port  157  that can be configured as a single-fiber ruggedized fiber optic adapter port. Fibers  3 - 12  of the tether  164  are respectively connected in an indexed fashion to positions  1 - 10  of the multi-fiber connection location  160 . Positions  11  and  12  of the multi-fiber connection location  160  are optically connected to reverse-feed ports  162   a ,  162   b  each being configured as a ruggedized fiber optic adapter port. 
       FIG.  10    shows an indexing component  134   e  of the network architecture  120  having a terminal with a single forward-feed port  257  and a single reverse-feed port  262 . The ports  257 ,  262  can be configured as ruggedized fiber optic adapter ports. Fiber  1  of a forward-feed tether of the component  134   e  is optically coupled to the forward-feed port  257 . Fiber  12  of a multi-fiber connection location  260  of the component  234  is shown optically coupled to the reverse-feed port  262 . Fibers  2 - 12  of the forward-feed tether are connected in indexed fashion to positions  1 - 11  of the multi-fiber connection location  260 . 
     With the fiber optic network architecture  120  of  FIG.  8   , the spare ports  157 ,  257  provide means for supplying selected terminals with up to 18 CWDM channels per spare drop port from an F1 fiber in a forward direction. This can be achieved by plugging the F1 fiber into the appropriate patch panel port such that the F1 fiber is connected to the fiber line corresponding to the particular spare terminal port. For example, as shown at  FIG.  10   , F1 fibers  9 ,  11  have been coupled to fiber  1  and  11  of the multi-fiber connection location  32   a  which correspond to the spare ports  157  of components  134   a ,  134   h . The multiple reverse-feed ports allow multiple F1 fibers to be coupled to a particular terminal in a reverse-feed direction. In this way, multiple customers or subscribers adjacent to the terminal can be provided with up to 18 CWDM channels per reverse-feed port from the reverse-feed.  FIG.  11    shows a F1 fiber  13  coupled to the reverse feed port  162  of component  134   i.    
     It will be appreciated that an extra F1 fiber typically be used for each spare port activated and for each reverse-feed port activated. A mapping scheme can be utilized to record the port layout of the F2 portion  126  such that each adapter port in the FDH is assigned to a corresponding port or ports of the F2 portion  126 . In this way, service can be administered at the FDH by plugging the splitter outputs and the F1 fibers into the appropriate ports provided at the patch panels. 
       FIG.  12    shows another network architecture  320  in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. The network architecture of  FIG.  12    is similar to the network architecture of  FIG.  7    except that multi-fiber connectors and multi-fiber cables having 24 fibers have been utilized so as to provide additional fibers to the daisy chain of indexing components.  FIG.  13    shows a typical fiber positioning layout for a 24-fiber ferrule  600 . In one example, when using 24 fiber connectors to support a network architecture having cascaded indexing components, up to 12 fibers can be used for GPON and the remaining 12 optical fibers can be used as spare fibers to provide other services as needed. To reduce loss on the GPON fibers it is possible to take advantage of the natural lower loss on center fibers in a 24-fiber MPO connector. For example, the 12 centermost fibers (e.g., fibers  4 - 9  and  16 - 21 ) can be used as a first indexing subset to provide support for GPON services, while the outer optical fibers (positions  1 - 3 ,  10 - 12 ,  13 - 15  and  22 - 24 ) can provide a second indexing subset that supports the spare ports.  FIG.  14    shows an indexing device  602  having two separate subsets of fibers that are routed between two twenty-four fiber ferrules  600 . As shown at  FIG.  14   , fiber  4  is dropped to a GPON port in a forward direction and fiber  21  is dropped to a GPON port in a reverse direction. Also, fibers  5 - 9  are indexed to positions  4 - 8 , respectively, and fibers  16 - 21  are indexed to positions  9  and  16 - 20 , respectively. Thus fibers  4 - 9  and  16 - 21  are treated as a separate, independent indexing subset from the remaining 12 fibers (fibers  1 - 3 ,  10 - 12 ,  13 - 15  and  22 - 24 ) of the multi-fiber connector. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  14   , the second subset of index fibers includes fibers  1 - 3 , fibers  10 - 12 , fibers  13 - 15  and fibers  22 - 24 . From this subset, fiber  1  is dropped to a forward spare port and fiber  24  is dropped to a reverse spare port. Fibers  2  and  3  are indexed to positions  1  and  2 . Fiber  10  is indexed to position  3 . Fibers  11 - 15  are indexed to positions  10 - 14 . Fiber  22  is indexed to position  15 . And fibers  23  and  24  are indexed to positions  22  and  23 . 
       FIGS.  15  and  16    show another architecture  720  utilizing 24-fiber cables and 24-fiber fiber optic connection points. In this architecture, indexing components  734  are used that drop 4 fibers in a forward direction and 4 fibers in a reverse direction at each of the components. For example, as shown in  FIG.  16   , from a forward to a reverse direction, fibers  1 - 4  are dropped to ports  1 - 4 . Also, fibers  5 - 24  are indexed to positions  1 - 20 . Additionally, in a reverse direction positions  21 - 24  are dropped to ports  21 - 24 . 
     In certain examples, it is desired to push splitting back to the central office in order to increase the number of fibers from the central office with the capability of providing other services along with PON. In certain examples, video overlay can be eliminated. As shown at  FIG.  17   , PON service is split prior to merging the PON service with additional wavelengths. For example, an optical splitter  500  is positioned upstream from the wavelength division multiplexers used to merge the PON signals with signals having additional wavelengths. In certain examples, the splitter can include a 1×2 splitter, a 1×4 splitter, a 1×8 splitter, a 1×16 splitter, a 1×32 splitter. Output sides of the CWDMs can be connected to fiber distribution hubs via F1 optical fibers. 
       FIG.  18    shows still another architecture  520  in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. The architecture uses the same F2 portion as the architecture  120 . In the architecture of  FIG.  17   , the central office provides PON signals and signals carrying 18 CWDM channels on separate F1 fibers to an FDH. In certain examples, passive optical splitter can be used to passively split the 18 CWDM channels at the FDH. Similarly, passive optical splitters can be used to passively split the PON signals at the FDH. As described above with respect to other FDHs, patch panels can be provided within the FDHs to allow for management of the services provided within the F2 portion of the architecture. As described above, through port mapping, ports at the patch panels can be used to connect the PON signals or the 18 CWDM signals to desired ports within the F2 portion of the network. In certain examples, the 18 CWDM signals can be directed to particular reverse-feed ports or spare forward-feed ports provided at the indexing components. In certain examples, wavelength division multiplexers  500  such as CWDMs or DWDMs can be used at or near the indexing components to harvest particular wavelengths from the 18 CWDM channels/signals provided to the sport drop ports or the reverse feed ports so that particular subscribers can be provided with access to particular wavelengths harvested by the wavelength division multiplexers. The indexing components can have the same structures described above with respect to the other architectures. 
       FIG.  19    shows an example FDH  501  for the architecture of  FIG.  18   . The FDH includes an optical power splitter  502  that splits a signal from an F1 fiber  503  carrying 18 CWDM channels. The outputs of the splitter  502  are coupled to patch panel adapter ports corresponding to selected spare ports and reverse feed ports (e.g., port  157  of component  134   a ; port  62  of component  134   d ; port  257  of component  134   e  and port  62  of component  134   i ). By using the harvesting CWDM&#39;s  500  to filter the signals routed from the ports to subscribers, each subscriber can be provide with signals having different wavelengths or wavelength bands. 
     Aspects of the present disclosure relate to architectures that can support multiple uses/services in the field and that incorporate indexing technology. Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to indexing architectures where multiple indexing terminals are daisy chained together with some optical fibers being dropped at one or more of the terminals and with the remainders of the optical fibers being indexed to different fiber ferrule positions as the optical fibers extend from multi-fiber ferrule to multi-fiber ferrule. It will be appreciated that the multi-fiber ferrules can be provided on tethers of the indexing terminals, on ruggedized multi-fiber fiber optic connectors (e.g., HMFOC&#39;s), on non-ruggedized multi-fiber connectors, and at ruggedized multi-fiber connector ports. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, different types of indexing terminals can be daisy chained together. The indexing terminals daisy chained along a single chain can include indexing terminals having different drop rates from one terminal to the next. Certain of the terminals can include both forward and reverse fiber drops. 
     In certain examples, the fibers dropped at the indexing terminal can be coupled to multi-fiber ferrules or single-fiber ferrules to provide connection locations for allowing the dropped optical fibers to be coupled to drop components (e.g., point-to-point drop cables, passive power splitter drop terminals, WDM drop terminals, etc.). In certain examples, the forward and reverse dropped fibers can be coupled to ruggedized single-fiber ports or to ruggedized multi-fiber ports. In certain examples, the forward and reverse dropped fibers can be coupled to non-ruggedized single-fiber connectors (e.g., LC or SC) or to non-ruggedized multi-fiber connectors (e.g., MPO). In certain examples, the forward and reverse dropped fibers can be coupled to ruggedized single-fiber connectors or to ruggedized multi-fiber connectors. In other examples, the forward dropped fibers can be routed to single-fiber ruggedized ports while the reverse dropped fibers can be routed to at least one ruggedized multi-fiber port or ruggedized multi-fiber connector (e.g., HMFOC connector or HMFOC port). 
     For a twelve-fiber indexing terminal it will be appreciated that typically at least one, two, three or four optical fibers will be dropped at the indexing terminal while the remainder will be indexed. Generally, it will be preferred for 2-4 optical fibers to be dropped while the remainder of the optical fibers will be indexed. To support a multi-use access network, a relatively large number of the feeder fibers directed to the fiber distribution hub will be dedicated for pass-through applications such as direct drops, special services, distributed antenna support, or other applications. In certain examples, at least 40%, or at least 50%, or at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80% of the total feeder fibers provided to the fiber distribution hub will be dedicated to and used for pass-through applications. The remainder of the feeder fibers may be passively split at the fiber distribution hub. 
     Aspects of the present disclosure relate to a multi-use access network designed such that one network can serve a large number of uses. Example uses include residential PON services, fiber to the distribution point, fiber to the antenna, fiber to the small cell, metro Ethernet, or other applications. It is desirable for the network to be relatively simple, flexible, scalable and efficient. In certain examples, the multi-use access network can have a feeder network that is easily upgradeable, a distribution network that is designed to enhance flexibility and a drop network capable of providing a large number of drops for supporting many different services. 
     For twenty-four fiber indexing terminals it will be appreciated that larger numbers of optical fibers will likely be dropped. For example, for a twenty-four fiber indexing terminal two to eight fibers may be dropped while the remainder are indexed from multi-fiber ferrule to multi-fiber ferrule. In certain twenty-four fiber indexing terminals at least four, or at least five, or at least six, or at least seven, or at least eight optical fibers may be dropped in one direction at the indexing terminal while the remainder of the optical fibers are indexed from one multi-fiber ferrule to another. As used herein, “dropped in one direction” means dropped in a forward direction or dropped in a rearward direction. In a typical 12-fiber indexing terminal, 2-4 fibers can be dropped in a forward direction and 2-4 fibers can be dropped in a rearward direction. In certain 12-fiber indexing terminals, at least two, or at least three, or at least four optical fibers can be dropped in a forward direction and at least two, or at least three, or at least four optical fibers can be dropped in a rearward direction. In one example, the optical fibers dropped in the forward direction are routed to single-fiber connection locations (e.g., single-fiber ferrules, single-fiber ruggedized connector ports, singe-fiber connectors, single-fiber ruggedized connectors) and the optical fibers dropped in the reverse direction are routed to a multi-fiber connection location (e.g., a multi-ferrule, a ruggedized multi-fiber connector port, a ruggedized multi-fiber connector, a non-ruggedized fiber optic connector, etc.). 
     The optical fibers dropped in a forward direction can be routed to a splice location, a single fiber ferrule, a multi-fiber ferrule, a ruggedized single fiber connector, a ruggedized multi-fiber connectors, a non-ruggedized single fiber connector, a non-ruggedized multi-fiber connector, a ruggedized single fiber connector port or a ruggedized multi-fiber connector port. Similarly, the optical fibers dropped in the reverse direction can be routed to a splice location, to single fiber ferrules, to multi-fiber ferrules, to ruggedized single fiber connectors, to ruggedized multi-fiber connectors, to non-ruggedized single fiber connectors, to non-ruggedized multi-fiber connectors, to ruggedized single fiber ports or to ruggedized multi-fiber ports. 
       FIG.  20    shows an architecture  600  in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure for supporting multiple applications. The architecture  600  includes a drop terminal  602  having a patch panel  604 . The patch panel  604  can include a plurality of fiber optic adapters as previously described herein. One side of the patch panel  604  can be optically coupled to a multi-fiber ferrule  606  that may be incorporated within a ruggedized port accessible from outside the cabinet of the fiber distribution hub  602 . The optical connection between the patch panel  604  and the ruggedized port can be provided by a module  608  having single fiber connectors  610  at one end and the multi-fiber ferrule  606  at an opposite end. Optical fibers can be routed through a module housing to optically connect the single-fiber optical connectors  610  to the multi-fiber ferrule  606 . The single-fiber connectors  610  can be inserted into ports of adapters provided at the patch panel  604 . 
     The fiber distribution hub  602  also includes passive optical power splitters and may further include wavelength division multiplexers. In certain examples, passive optical power splitters having different split ratios can be provided within the cabinet of the fiber distribution hub  602  at the same time. As depicted, the passive optical power splitters can include a 1:8 splitter and a 1:4 splitter. For ease of illustration, only two splitters are shown. In actual practice, a large number of splitters may be provided within the cabinet of the FDH  602 . Additionally, while only 1:4 and 1:8 splitters have been shown, splitters having other split ratios could also be included within the fiber distribution hub  602  along with the 1:4 splitters and the 1:8 splitters. For example, the fiber distribution hub  602  could also include 1:16 splitters, 1:32 splitters, and 1:64 splitters. 
     The splitter  612  includes eight output pigtails  617  that each preferably have a connectorized end  616 . Six of the connectorized pigtails are shown plugged into ports of adapters at the patch panel  604 . The other connectorized pigtails are shown stored at a parking location  618 . 
     The splitter  614  includes four output pigtails  620  having connectorized ends  621 . Two of the pigtails  620  are stored at parking  618  while the other two pigtails  620  are plugged into adapter ports at the patch panel  604 . 
     A plurality of pass-through fibers  622  are also shown routed into the cabinet of the fiber distribution hub  602 . The pass-through fiber  622  can have connectorized ends  623 . Some of the pass-through fibers  622  are plugged into adapter ports at the patch panel  604  while the remainder are stored at parking  618 . In certain examples of the present disclosure, at least 30%, or at least 40%, or at least 50%, or at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 90% of the total number of feeder fibers managed by the fiber distribution hub  602  are pass-through fibers. The large percentage of pass-through fibers allows the fiber distribution hub  602  to readily support a variety of services and applications that may require direct point-to-point drop service. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  20   , the architecture  600  includes a distribution network  630  that may include one or more chains of indexing terminals  632 . The indexing terminal  632  includes a tether  634  containing plurality of fibers (e.g., a 12-fiber ribbon). A multi-fiber connector  636  (e.g., an HMFOC connector) is mounted at a free end of the tether. At the terminal  632 , three optical fibers are dropped in the forward direction and three optical fibers are dropped in the reverse direction. The optical fibers can be routed to drop ports provided on a housing of the terminal  632 . In certain examples, the drop ports can be ruggedized. In certain examples, the drop ports can support single fiber or multi-fiber connectivity. The optical fibers not dropped in a forward direction are indexed in position from the multi fiber ferule of the ruggedized connector  636  to another multi-fiber ferrule provided at a ruggedized port  640  (e.g., an HMFOC port) provided on the housing of the terminal  632 . The ruggedized port  640  provides a means for coupling the terminal  632  to subsequent indexing terminal so as to form a daisy chain that extends the distribution network. 
     Referring still to  FIG.  20   , the indexing terminal  632  is configured to support a variety of services. Such support is provided by coupling a drop network  642  to the indexing terminal  632  via the drop ports. As depicted, the drop network includes a GPON drop terminal  644  coupled to port  646  of the forward feed drop ports, a point-to-point drop line  648  routed from port  650  of the forward feed ports to a multi-dwelling unit or business, and a WDM drop terminal  652  coupled to port  654  of the forward feed ports. The GPON drop terminal  644  is configured to support residential PON services. In certain examples, the GPON drop terminal  644  can be configured to split the optical signal received from the indexing terminal to a plurality of PON drop ports which can be ruggedized single-fiber drop ports. Drop lines  658  can be routed from the drop ports  656  to the residences. The WDM drop terminal  652  can be used to support fiber to the antenna applications such as distributed antenna systems. 
       FIG.  31    is a schematic view of the WDM drop terminal  652 . The WDM drop terminal  652  includes a housing  660  containing a wavelength division multiplexer  662  (e.g., a DWDM or a CWDM). The wavelength division multiplexer  662  splits the optical signal received from the drop port  654  into a plurality of outputs  664   a - 664   d  each having a different wavelength or range of wavelengths. The outputs  664   a - 664   d  extend from the wavelength division multiplexer  662  to separate drop ports  666 . Drop lines  668  can be used to optically couple the port  666  to a radio head or other structure on the antenna. 
     It will be appreciated that providing optical splitters having different split ratios within the fiber distribution hub  602  allows the fiber distribution hub  602  to support drop terminals having different split ratios at the outer edge of the network architecture. In one example, it may be desirable to provide a one by thirty-two split ratio. Thus, the passive optical splitter  612  (i.e., the 1:8 splitter) is shown coupled to the GPON drop terminal  644  which has a 1:4 split ratio. Thus, the total split ratio including both splitters is 1:32. If a downstream application requires a drop terminal with a 1:8 split ratio, such a drop terminal can be coupled to the optical splitter  614  having the 1:4 split ratio. Additionally, as the neighborhood grows, it may be desirable to switch the 1:4 GPON drop terminal  644  with a 1:8 drop terminal. If this replacement occurs, to maintain the 1:32 split ratio, the 1:8 splitter  612  can be disconnected from port  1  of the patch panel  604  and one of the output pigtails of the 1:4 splitter  614  can be plugged into the port  1 . The unused output from the 1:8 splitters  612  can be stored in parking  618 . Similarly, certain services assigned to certain drop ports of the indexing terminal  632  may change over time and require different services or split ratios. When this occurs, the service changes can be managed at the patch panel  604 . 
     In certain applications, intelligence can be incorporated into all phases of the network to assist in network management. For example, sensors, RFID chips, or other identifiers can be associated with each of the different drop components of the drop network. When a given drop component is plugged into a drop port of the indexing terminal  632 , the indexing terminal can recognize the type of component or connected and can forward this information to a central controller that also interfaces with the fiber distribution hub  602 . Communication between the central controller, the terminal  632  and the distribution hub  602  can be wireless or wired. The fiber distribution hub  602  can also include intelligence at the panel  604  that senses the type of equipment plugged into each of the ports. This information is relayed back to the central controller. The central controller can include management software that manages the data to ensure that each drop component is optically connected to a compatible signal source at the fiber distribution hub. If there is an inconsistency between the drop terminal and the signal source at the fiber distribution hub, an alert can be generated. The alert may generate a work order for a technician to visit the fiber distribution hub and make the change. In certain examples, the patch panel may have indicators (e.g., indicator lights) that assist the technician in identifying necessary modifications. 
     In other systems, a field technician can use a smart device such as a tablet or phone to read a barcode, or RFID tag or other identifier on each of the drop components being installed. Via the smart device, the technician can associate each of the drop components to a corresponding port on the terminal  632 . Once the technician has collected this information, the information can be sent to a central controller which records and manages the data. Similar data relating to the type of input signals provided to each signal line can be collected from the FDH in a similar manner and provided to the central controller. 
       FIG.  21    shows an alternative fiber distribution hub  602   a  used to support the same architecture described with respect to  FIG.  20   . In the fiber distribution hub  602   a , the 1:8 splitter  612 , the 1:4 splitter  614  and the pass-through fibers  622  all interface with an automatic fiber management system  680  of the type described at U.S. Pat. No. 8,755,688, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The automatic fiber management system  680  automatically connects certain outputs of the splitters  612 , the splitter  614  or the pass-through fiber  622  to certain fiber positions in multi-fiber ferrules  682  provided at a multi-fiber ferrule output location. In using an intelligent system of the type described above, the AMF  680  automatically connects the appropriate signal source to the appropriate port/fiber position based on the type of drop component coupled to the indexing terminal  632 . Similarly, in the event a drop component is changed in the field, this change can be recognized and the ATM  680  can automatically switch the input source to one compatible with the new drop component. 
     For fiber distribution hubs in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, it is desirable to provide a high density of connections per volume of the cabinet of the fiber distribution hub. To assist in enhancing fiber density, splitters (e.g., splitters  612  and  614 ) can be mounted in protective modules that are densely loaded within a splitter chassis can be mounted within the FDH. In this way, splitters are protected and occupy a minimum amount of space. An example of this type of configuration is shown at  FIG.  22   . Specifically,  FIG.  22    shows a splitter chassis  700  that hold a plurality of splitter modules  702 . As shown at  FIG.  23   , each of the modules  702  includes a housing  704  enclosing a passive optical splitter  706 . The splitter module  702  includes a plurality of connectorized pigtails  708  optically coupled to the output side of the splitter  706 . Further details about the splitter module  702  and the chassis  700  are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,239,442, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     For many applications, the chassis  700  is only partially filled with optical splitter modules  702 . Thus, the chassis  700  defines excess space that can be used for other applications. As indicated above, multi-use access networks in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure generate an increased need for pass-through fibers. Thus, there is a need to efficiently add a relatively large number of feeder fibers to an FDH without greatly impacting the overall fiber density of the FDH. In this regard, it is possible to integrate a fan-out device into a module that is compatible with the splitter chassis  700 . Thus, the fan-out module is installed in the splitter chassis along with splitter modules and occupies space that would otherwise be empty. In certain examples, the fan-out can include at least sixteen fibers, at least thirty-two fibers, or at least sixty-four fibers. 
       FIG.  24    illustrates an example fan-out module  720  adapted to fit within the chassis  700 . The fan-out module can include a module housing  722  having the same overall shape as the housing  704  of the splitter module  702 . The housing can include a first end  724  having a tapered boot  726  and a second end  728  formed by a rounded projection  730 . A notch  732  is defined by the projection  730  and an upward wall  734 . The upward wall includes a pass-through fitting  736  that allows a plurality of optical fiber ribbons  738  to enter the module housing  722 . The fiber ribbons  738  each including a plurality of feeder fibers optically connected to the central office or other central location. The ribbons  738  enter the fan-out housing  722  and are fanned out into individual fibers. The separated fibers (i.e., the fanned-out fibers) are directed into up-jacketing structures (e.g., cable jackets or buffer tubes) and are directed out of the module housing  722  through the boot  726 . The up jacketed fibers exiting the housing  722  form pigtails that can be connectorized by single-fiber connectors. In addition to up-jacketing, the pigtails can include strength members such as Kevlar. The strength members can be anchored to anchoring structures within the module housing  722 . It will be appreciated that the up jacketing and anchoring can be the same as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,239,442. In the depicted example, the fan-out module is a 32-fiber fan-out. 
       FIG.  25    is another view of the indexing terminal  632  described with respect to  FIGS.  20  and  21   . As indicated above, the indexing terminal  632  has forward feed ports  646 ,  650  and  654  that provide access locations for supporting a variety of services. The terminal  632  also includes three reverse feed ports  690 ,  691  and  692 . 
       FIG.  26    shows another network architecture  750  in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. The network architecture  750  includes a fiber distribution hub  752  which can include structure of the type previously described herein. The hub  752  interfaces with a central office  754  or other more central location. The hub  752  can include a multi-fiber ferrule interface location that may include outside accessible, ruggedized multi-fiber ports  753  adapted for mating with ruggedized-fiber connectors (e.g., connector  636 ). The architecture  750  also includes a plurality of chains of the indexing terminals  632 . The indexing terminals  632  form first and second forward feeds  758 ,  760  that are coupled directly to the main hub  752  at the interface  755 . The architecture  750  also includes a remote hub  770 . The remote hub  770  includes a plurality of multi-fiber ferrule connection locations  772 . In a preferred example, multi-fiber ferrule connection locations include ruggedized multi-fiber ferrule ports adapted for receiving ruggedized multi-fiber connectors. A multi-fiber cable  774  extends directly from the main hub  752  to the remote hub  770 . The fibers of the cable  774  can be coupled to feeder fibers from the central office  754  at the main hub  752 . Such optical connections can be made by optical splices, single-fiber connectorized connections, multi-fiber connectorized connections, or ruggedized multi-fiber connectorized connections. 
     The remote hub provides a remote or satellite location for providing reverse feed to at least one of daisy chains of indexing terminals  632 . For example, a patch cord  776  is shown providing reverse feed to the daisy chain  760 . The patch cord  776  has ruggedized multi-fiber connectors  636  at each end. One of the connectors  636  is optically coupled to one of the ports  772 . The other connector  636  is coupled to the ruggedized port  640  of the last indexing terminal  632  of the chain. Use of a remote hub allows reverse feed to be provided to a daisy chain of indexing terminals without requiring the daisy chain of indexing terminal to itself loop all the way back to the main hub  752 . Additionally, it is also possible to forward feed one, two or more daisy chains of indexing terminals  632  from the remote hub  770 . For example, chain  778  is forward fed from the remote hub  770 . All of the optical fibers of the architecture either passed through or split at the main hub location before being directed to the remote hub or out on a forward feed of daisy chained indexing terminals. The remote hub allows multiple chains to extend out from one common point that is remote from the main hub. 
     It will be appreciated that the remote hub  770  can have a variety of configurations. In certain examples, the hub can include a relatively rigid plastic housing on which one or more ruggedized multi-fiber ports are provided (e.g., molded in). In other examples, ruggedized multi-fiber ports or ruggedized multi-fiber connectors can be provided on tethers that branch out from a main cable at one end of the cable or at both ends of the cable. In still other examples, the remote hub can include a sealed closure in which cables are routed into the closure through sealing units and optical connections of various types (e.g., splices, non-ruggedized connectorized connections, etc.) can be made inside the sealed enclosure. 
       FIG.  27    shows a modified architecture  750   a  having the main hub  752  and the terminal chains  758 ,  760  and  778 . The architecture  750   a  has a modified remote hub  770   a  having a housing  771  at which ruggedized multi-fiber ports  772  are provided. The remote hub  770   a  includes a tether  774   a  defined by a plurality of cables  775  each having one end interfacing with the remote hub  770   a  and an opposite end terminated by a ruggedized multi-fiber connector  636 . The ruggedized multi-fiber connectors  636  interface with the main hub  752  through the multi-fiber connector interface  755 . A binding structure  777  holds the cables  775  together for a majority of the length of the tether  774   a . The binding structure  777  can include a sheath, a cable jacket, winding or other structure. 
       FIG.  30    shows an example configuration for the remote hub  770   a . As shown at  FIG.  30   , HMFOC input connectors  636  are provided at the free end of the tether  774   a . The other end of the tether enters the housing  771 . The housing  771  includes a plurality of angled faces which each HMFOC output adapters  772  are mounted. 
       FIG.  29    shows an alternative remote hub  770   b  that does not utilize a rigid housing. Instead, the hub  770   b  is shown as a cable arrangement having a central section made of flexible cable and end sections formed by independently movable tethers each terminated by an HMFOC connector  636 . It will be appreciated that the hub can be formed by three separate cables that are secured together in a center flexible section by a flexible sheath or jacket. The ends of the cable are not jacketed together so as to be independently movable relative to one another. Thus, the ends of the sheathing function to define a fan-out location. 
       FIG.  28    shows another configuration that can be used for a multi-access terminal. The multi-access terminal includes a housing  800  including a plurality of mounting faces  802  arranged in a stepped configuration. A tether  804  enters the housing  800  through a rear end  806  of the housing  800 . The entrance location can be sealed by a sealing element such as a heat-shrink sleeve  808 . A free end of the tether  804  can be terminated by a ruggedized multi-fiber connector such as an HMFOC connector  636 . In certain examples, tether  804  includes twelve fibers. In certain examples, eight to ten of the optical fibers are routed in an indexed manner from a multi-fiber ferrule of the connector  636  to a multi-fiber ferrule located at a ruggedized connector port  810  provided on the mounting face closest to the rear end  806  of the housing  800 . Fiber positions of the multi-fiber ferrule located at the ruggedized port  810  that are not filled with indexed fibers are optically connected to a multi-fiber ferrule located at a ruggedized port  812  positioned on the second face away from the end  806  of the housing  800 . It will be appreciated that the port  810  is configured for connecting to the next indexing terminal in a daisy chain while the port  812  is adapted for reverse feed applications. In certain examples, two to four fibers from the tether  804  can be dropped and routed to single-fiber ruggedized ports  814 ,  816  provided on the next two faces of the housing  800 . It will be appreciated that example ruggedized single-fiber connector ports are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,942,590, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     Various modifications and alterations of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure, and it should be understood that the scope of this disclosure is not to be unduly limited to the illustrative examples set forth herein.