Patent Publication Number: US-2021171389-A1

Title: Composition for enamel, method for preparing a composition for enamel, and cooking appliance

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     The present disclosure claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0164056, filed in Korea on Dec. 10, 2019, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     The present disclosure relates to a composition for enamel. 
     2. Background 
     Enamel may be a glassy glaze covering a surface of a metal plate. General enamel is used for cooking appliances such as a microwave or an oven. Cooking appliances such as an electric oven, a gas oven, etc. may cook food by using a heat source. Contaminants, etc. that occur in a cooking process may adhere to an inner wall of a cavity of the cooking appliance, and the inner wall of the cavity may need to be cleaned. The enamel may be coated on a surface of the inner wall of the cavity of the cooking appliance to ease removal of any contaminants fixed to the cooking appliance. In general, a pyrolysis method may be used to clean the inner wall of the cavity by reducing the contaminants to ashes by combusting the contaminants at a high temperature. A composition for enamel used in the pyrolysis method may include constituents of P 2 O 5 , SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , etc., which may be cleaned by heating for about 4 hours at 450 to 500° C. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,547,098 discloses a porcelain enamel for a self-cleaning oven. 
     Due to such a high temperature, the existing compositions for enamel may require a large amount of energy during cleaning. Also, the enamel may not otherwise be easily cleaned if the enamel is not processed by heat treatment at a high temperature. Therefore, an application of such an enamel may be limited to the inner surface of the cooking appliance and may not be beneficial at an outer surface of the cooking appliance. In addition, such an enamel may require a soaking process using water for a predetermined time so as to remove oil-based contaminants coming from cooking pork, beef, and poultry, further complicating a cleaning process. 
     The above references are incorporated by reference herein where appropriate for appropriate teachings of additional or alternative details, features and/or technical background. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like elements, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a front view showing a cooking appliance according to an example of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a sectional view in which a part of an inner surface of a cavity of a cooking appliance according to  FIG. 1  is enlarged; and 
         FIG. 3  is a sectional view in which a part of an inner surface of a door of a cooking appliance according to  FIG. 1  is enlarged. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Hereinafter, a composition for enamel according to some examples of the present disclosure, a method for preparation thereof, and a cooking appliance are described. 
     &lt;Composition for Enamel&gt; 
     A composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may include 10 to 45 weight percent (wt %) of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ); 1 to 10 wt % of boron trioxide or diboron trioxide (B 2 O 3 ); 10 to 20 wt % of one or more of sodium oxide (Na 2 O), potassium oxide (K 2 O), and/or lithium oxide (Li 2 O); 1 to 5 wt % of sodium fluoride (NaF); 1 to 10 wt % of zinc oxide (ZnO); 5 to 15 wt % of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ); 3 to 7 wt % of molybdenum trioxide or molybdenum(IV) oxide (MoO 3 ); 5 to 15 wt % of bismuth oxide or bismuth(III) oxide Bi 2 O 3 ; 1 to 5 wt % of cerium dioxide or cerium(IV) oxide (CeO 2 ); and 0.5 to 10 wt % of one or more of manganese dioxide or manganese(IV) oxide (MnO 2 ), ferric oxide or iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), and/or cobalt oxide or cobalt(II,IIII) oxide (Co 3 O 4 ). There may be 1 to 10 wt % of one or more of manganese dioxide or manganese(IV) oxide (MnO 2 ), ferric oxide or iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), and/or cobalt oxide or cobalt(II,IIII) oxide (Co 3 O 4 ). A total content of Na 2 O, K 2 O, and Li 2 O may be 10 to 20 wt %. A total content of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Co 3 O 4  may be 1 to 10 wt %. 
     SiO 2  may be a constituent forming a glass structure that strengthens a frame of the glass structure so that chemical resistance of the composition for enamel may be enhanced, and expression of characteristics of a metal oxide acting as a catalyst may be eased. A catalytic metal oxide may be inferior in respect of thermal resistance or chemical resistance compared to other constituents, and the catalytic metal oxide may not be contained in a large amount. However, if a certain amount of SiO 2  is contained in a glass composition, solubility of the catalytic metal oxide may be enhanced within the glass because SiO 2  has a structure having a large a pore size. A content ratio of SiO 2  and the catalytic metal oxide may be controlled or predetermined so that excellent thermal resistance and chemical resistance may be obtained, and characteristics of the catalytic metal oxide may be expressed. SiO 2  may be included in the composition for enamel in a range of 10 to 45 wt %. If SiO 2  exceeds 45 wt %, addition of other constituents may be interfered with, which may inhibit or reduce cleaning functions or properties. If SiO 2  is less than 10 wt %, a silicate-based glass composition according to the present disclosure may collapse. 
     B 2 O 3  may help form a glass composition and may help with uniformity in a melting process of each of the constituents of the glass composition. Also, B 2 O 3  may help to control a coefficient of thermal expansion and a fusion flow of the glass composition, enhancing coating performance. B 2 O 3  may help maintain proper viscosity upon a calcination process of enamel and so that crystallization of the glass composition may not occur or be less likely to occur. B 2 O 3  may be contained in the glass composition in a range of 1 to 10 wt %. If B 2 O 3  exceeds 10 wt %, addition of other constituents may be interfered with, which may inhibit or reduce performance or cleaning functions, properties, or capabilities. If B 2 O 3  is less than 1 wt %, the glass composition may collapse or crystallize. 
     Li 2 O, Na 2 O, and K 2 O may enhance cleaning capabilities of the enamel composition. One or more of Li 2 O, Na 2 O, and/or K 2 O may be contained in a range of 10 to 20 wt % in the enamel composition. If one or more of Li 2 O, Na 2 O, and/or K 2 O exceeds 20 wt %, a coefficient of thermal expansion of glass may greatly increase and coating performance may be lowered. If a content of one or more of Li 2 O, Na 2 O, and K 2 O is 10 wt % or less, cleaning capabilities may be reduced. The composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may include 5 wt % or more of Na 2 O. 
     NaF may also enhance the cleaning function of the enamel composition. NaF may be contained in a range of 1 to 5 wt % in the composition for enamel. If a content of NaF exceeds 5 wt %, addition of other constituents may be interfered with, which may reduce durability. If a content of NaF is 1 wt % or less, cleaning capabilities may be reduced. 
     ZnO may be an intermediate oxide to balance a network formation oxide (SiO 2  and B 2 O 3 ) and an alkali oxide (Li 2 O, Na 2 O, and K 2 O). In the present disclosure, ZnO may be contained in a range of 1 to 10 wt % in the composition for enamel. If a content of ZnO exceeds 10 wt %, addition of other constituents may be interfered with, which may lower durability or cleaning capabilities. If a content of ZnO is 1 wt % or less, the cleaning capabilities may be reduced. TiO 2 , MoO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , and CeO 2  may enhance cleaning performance with respect to contaminants such as oil-based contaminants or saccharides and may improve adhesion performance of the composition for enamel when coated on a substrate. 
     In the present disclosure, 5 to 15 wt % of TiO 2 , 3 to 7 wt % of MoO 3 , 5 to 15 wt % of Bi 2 O 3 , and 1 to 5 wt % of CeO 2  may be included. If the composition for enamel includes a minimum constituent content or less of the above constituents, cleaning performance with respect to contaminants such as oil-based contaminants and saccharides may be weakened and adhesion performance to the substrate may be lowered. On the contrary, if the composition for enamel of the present disclosure includes more than a maximum constituent content of the above constituents, addition of other constituents may be interfered with, and durability or chemical resistance may be lowered. 
     The composition may include 0.5 to 10 wt % (e.g., 1 to 10 wt %) of one or more of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and/or Co 3 O 4  to further enhance adhesion performance to a substrate of a steel plate. If one or more of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and/or Co 3 O 4  is 1 wt % or less, adhesion performance between an enamel coating and the substrate of the steel plate may be weakened. On the contrary, if one or more of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and/or Co 3 O 4  exceeds 10 wt %, addition of other constituents may be interfered with and cleaning performance may be weakened. 
     TiO 2 , MoO 3 , MnO 2 , and/or Fe 2 O 3  may enhance cleaning performance with respect to oil-based contaminants. If TiO 2  and MoO 3  are concurrently applied to a silicate-based composition, such as the composition for enamel of the present disclosure, contaminants may be filmized or form a film due to catalytic activity of TiO 2  and MoO 3 . As previously described, the composition for enamel of the present disclosure may include 5 to 15 wt % of TiO 2  and 3 to 7 wt % of MoO 3 . 
     In addition, Bi 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , and Co 3 O 4  may enhance cleaning performance with respect to saccharide contaminants. If a large amount of Bi 2 O 3  is applied to a silicate-based composition, such as the composition for enamel of the present disclosure, saccharide contaminants may be easily removed by a wet sponge even at a room temperature due to catalytic activity of Bi 2 O 3  to saccharide contaminants. Balance of all constituents is important to maximize cleaning performance of the enamel coating. 
     Next, as previously described, Co 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , and MnO 2  may enhance adhesion of the enamel coating. Also, Co 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , and MnO 2  may be applied as a color realization element of the enamel coating. 
     The composition may include catalytic oxide constituents (TiO2, MoO3, Bi2O3, CeO2, and one or more of MnO2, Fe2O3, and/or Co3O4) in which a total content thereof is 50 wt % or less. If the catalytic oxides exceed 50 wt %, durability and chemical resistance of the enamel coating may be lowered. A total content of the catalytic oxides may be controlled accordingly in the composition for enamel of the present disclosure. In another example, a total content of TiO2, MoO3, Bi2O3, CeO2, and at least one of MnO2, Fe2O3, and/or Co3O4 may be 40 wt % or less. 
     The composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may have a composition ratio in which constituents for realizing glass and constituents having catalytic performance are optimized. Cleaning may be possible with respect to all contaminants without soaking in water at a room temperature. 
     &lt;Method of Preparing a Composition for Enamel&gt; 
     A method of preparing the composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may include steps of providing a material of the composition for the enamel containing all constituents as noted above, melting the material of the composition for the enamel, and quenching a melted material of the composition, thereby forming the composition for the enamel. 
     The material of the composition for enamel may be sufficiently mixed, and then the material of the composition for enamel may be melted. The material of the composition may be melted in a temperature range of 1,200 to 1,500° C. for 1 to 2 hours. The melted material of the composition may be quenched using a chiller, etc., and/or a quenching roller. Accordingly, the composition for enamel may be prepared. 
     &lt;Cooking Appliance&gt; 
     The finalized composition for enamel may be coated on a surface of a target object (e.g., a part of a metal plate, a glass plate, and/or a cooking appliance). The composition may be coated on an outer surface of a cooking appliance where heat treatment may not be possible. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a cooking appliance  1  according to the present disclosure may include a cavity  11  in which a cooking space  12  is formed, a door  14  to selectively open and/or close the cooking space  12 , at least one heat source  13 ,  15 , and/or  16  providing heat to heat or cook food in the cooking space  12 , and a coating layer  17 ,  18  coated on an inner surface of the cavity  11  and/or an inner surface of the door  14  and formed by the composition for enamel according to the present disclosure. 
     The cavity  11  may have a hexahedron shape having at least one opened face or surface. The heat source  13 ,  15 ,  16  may include a convection assembly  13  that allows heated air to be discharged inside the cavity  11 , an upper heater  15  provided at an upper part or side of the cavity  11 , and a lower heater  16  provided at a lower part or side of the cavity  11 . The upper heater  15  and the lower heater  16  may be equipped inside or outside the cavity  11 . The heat sources  13 ,  15 , and/or  16  may not necessarily include the convection assembly  13 , the upper heater  15 , and the lower heater  16 . The heat source  13 ,  15 ,  16  may include any one or more of the convection assembly  13 , the upper heater  15 , and the lower heater  16 , or alternatively may include different heaters. Embodiments disclosed herein are not limited. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may be coated on an inner surface of the cavity  11  of the cooking appliance  1 , an inner surface of the door  14 , or an inner surface of a door glass  14 ′ by a dry process or a wet process to form the coating layer  17 ,  18 . The cavity  11  and the door  14  may be formed as a metal plate. A buffer layer  19 ,  20  may be formed at a surface of a target object such as a surface of the cavity  11  and the door  14 . The coating layer  17 ,  18  using the composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may be provided or coated on the buffer layer  19 ,  20 . 
     The buffer layer  19 ,  20  may be formed as the coating layer having constituents similar with those of the composition for enamel. The buffer layer  19 ,  20  may be formed by a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion that matches that of the substrate of the steel plate and may be formed by a material having excellent adhesion to the substrate of the steel plate. 
     In the dry process, a material of the composition for enamel may be dispersed in an organic binder, and a mixture of the material of the composition for enamel and the organic binder may be milled in a ball mill, so that a glass frit may be prepared. On the contrary, in the wet process, the material of the composition for enamel may be dispersed in water (H 2 O) and a pigment, and a mixture of the material of the composition for enamel, water (H 2 O), and the pigment may be milled in the ball mill, so that the glass frit may be prepared. 
     Thereafter, the glass frit according to the dry process and the wet process may be covered by a spray method on the buffer layer. A covered glass frit may be calcinated for 100 to 450 seconds in a temperature range of 600° C. to 900° C. to be coated on the inner surface of the cavity  11  of the cooking appliance  1  or the inner surface of the door  14 . 
     Also, the composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may be applied to the cooking appliance including a glass plate and at least one heat source provided below the glass plate. A buffer layer  19 ,  20  may be formed at an upper portion of the glass plate, and the coating layer  17 ,  18  that is formed by the glass composition according to the present disclosure may be provided on the buffer layer. 
     Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of the present disclosure is examined based on an example. 
     Example 
     &lt;Preparation of Composition for Enamel&gt; 
     The glass composition having a composition ratio described in Table 1 below was prepared. A raw material of each constituent was sufficiently mixed in a V-mixer for 3 hours. Here, Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , and Li 2 CO 3  were used as raw materials of Na 2 O, K 2 O, and Li 2 O, respectively. With respect to the other constituents, the same constituent as that described in Table 1 was used. A mixed material was sufficiently melted at 1,300° C. for 1 hour and 30 minutes and was quenched in a quenching roller, thereby yielding a glass cullet. 
     0.1 wt % to 1 wt % of organopolysiloxane (DOW Corning 1107) was mixed with the glass cullet yielded by the above process. A mixture thereof was ground for about 5 hours using a ball mill and then was passed through a 325 mesh sheave (ASTM C285-88). Powder that passed through the mesh sheave was used as a frit of the composition for enamel. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Constituent 
                 Example 
                 Comparative example 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 (wt %) 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 SiO 2   
                 36.11 
                 39.33 
                 38.57 
                 39.16 
                 48.00 
                 36.00 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 8.02 
                 7.54 
                 9.10 
                 9.76 
                 7.12 
                 10.32 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 10.51 
                 11.13 
                 11.44 
                 10.25 
                 11.95 
                 10.11 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 1.98 
                 0.84 
                 1.01 
                 5.52 
                 4.13 
                 4.09 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.78 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1.54 
                 1.26 
                 2.39 
               
               
                 NaF 
                 1.55 
                 2.28 
                 2.16 
                 2.62 
                 2.59 
                 3.41 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 13.14 
                 13.89 
                 10.98 
                 21.17 
                 19.00 
                 13.32 
               
               
                 MnO 2   
                 0 
                 1.04 
                 0.99 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 Fe 2 O 3   
                 0.70 
                 0 
                 1.74 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 Co 3 O 4   
                 0 
                 0 
                 1.45 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 ZnO 
                 8.02 
                 3.60 
                 4.05 
                 9.98 
                 4.00 
                 10.00 
               
               
                 MoO 3   
                 5.81 
                 6.42 
                 5.77 
                 0 
                 1.95 
                 4.85 
               
               
                 Bi 2 O 3   
                 9.93 
                 11.51 
                 11.50 
                 0 
                 0 
                 4.18 
               
               
                 CeO 2   
                 3.45 
                 2.42 
                 2.22 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1.33 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Based on the values in Table 1, the composition may include SiO2 provided in a range of 35 to 40 wt %, B2O3 provided in a range of 7 to 10 wt %, Na2O provided in a range of 10 to 12 wt %, K2O provided in a range of 0.5 to 2.5 wt %, Li 2 O provided in a range of 0 to 1 wt %, NaF provided in a range of 1 to 3 wt %, ZnO provided in a range of 3 to 9 wt %, TiO2 provided in a range of 10 to 14 wt %, MoO3 provided in a range of 5 to 7 wt %, Bi2O3 provided in a range of 9 to 12 wt %, CeO2 provided in a range of 2 to 4 wt %, MnO2 provided in a range of 0 to 1.5 wt %, Fe2O3 provided in a range of 0 to 2 wt %, and/or Co3O4 provided in a range of 0 to 2 wt %. 
     Based on the values in Table 1, the composition may include SiO 2  provided in a range of 36.1 to 38.9 wt %, B2O3 provided in a range of 7.5 to 9.2 wt %, Na2O provided in a range of 10.5 to 11.5 wt %, K2O provided in a range of 0.8 to 2.0 wt %, Li2O provided in a range of 0 to 0.8 wt %, NaF provided in a range of 1.5 to 2.3 wt %, ZnO provided in a range of 3.5 to 8.1 wt %, TiO2 provided in a range of 10.9 to 13.9 wt %, MoO3 provided in a range of 5.7 to 6.5 wt %, Bi 2 O 3  provided in a range of 9.9 to 11.6 wt %, CeO 2  provided in a range of 2.2 to 3.5 wt %, MnO 2  provided in a range of 0 to 1.1 wt %, Fe 2 O 3  provided in a range of 0 to 1.8 wt %, and/or Co 3 O 4  provided in a range of 0 to 1.5 wt %. 
     Based on the values in Table 1, a total content of Na 2 O, K 2 O, and Li 2 O may be provided in a range of 11 to 14 wt %. A total content of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Co 3 O 4  may be provided in a range of 0.5 to 5 wt %. A total content of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Co 3 O 4  may be provided in a range of 0.7 to 4.3 wt %. 
     &lt;Preparation of Sample of Composition for Enamel&gt; 
     In advance, a low carbon steel sheet that has 200×200 (mm) and 1 (mm) or less of thickness to be used as a sample was prepared. A buffer layer having constituents described in Table 2 below was formed on the sheet. The buffer layer was prepared in the same method as that of the composition for enamel as noted above. The method of forming the buffer layer on the sheet may be the same as or similar to that of forming a coating layer for enamel which will be described hereafter. 
     Next, frits prepared by using the composition for enamel according to examples 1 and 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were sprayed on the buffer layer using a corona discharge gun. 
     A voltage of the discharge gun was controlled in a range of 40 kV to 100 kV. An amount of the frits sprayed on the low carbon steel sheet was 300 g/m 2 . 
     The low carbon steel sheet on which the frits were sprayed is calcinated for 300 to 450 seconds in a temperature condition of 830° C. to 870° C. to form the coating layer on one surface of the low carbon steel sheet. Here, the coating layer was formed in thickness of about 80 μm to 250 μm. Through the above, the samples according to examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were prepared. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Constituent (wt %) 
                 Buffer layer 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 48.8 
               
               
                   
                 B 2 O 3   
                 10.1 
               
               
                   
                 Na 2 O 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 10.7 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 4.2 
               
               
                   
                 NaF 
                 6.0 
               
               
                   
                 TiO 2   
                 2.4 
               
               
                   
                 MnO 2   
                 0.5 
               
               
                   
                 Fe 2 O 3   
                 0.8 
               
               
                   
                 Co 3 O 4   
                 1.0 
               
               
                   
                 ZnO 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 NiO 
                 0.5 
               
               
                   
                 MoO 3   
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 Bi 2 O 3   
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CeO 2   
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Experimental Example 1—Evaluation for Cleaning Performance 
     With respect to the samples according to the example and the comparative example, cleaning performance was evaluated as below. 
     A method for measuring cleaning performance is as follows. About 1 g of chickens&#39; oil as a contaminant was evenly and thinly spread with a brush on a surface of the samples according to the example and the comparative example. Next, test samples on which the contaminant was spread was put into a thermostat so that the contaminant was fixed thereto in a temperature condition of 270° C. and a time condition of 30 minutes. 
     After fixation, the test samples were naturally cooled. Then, the chickens&#39; oil was wiped by 3 kgf or less of a force using a frying pan-only sponge wet with cold water. A part wiped from a surface of the contaminated enamel was uniformized by using a bar having a diameter is 5 cm and a flat bottom. 
     Here, the number of wiping reciprocation or wipes is measured wherein the number is defined as the number of cleaning reciprocations. An index of evaluation is described as a table in a left side and below. Also, in the case that the contaminant is tomato sources, the cleaning performance was evaluated in the same method as the above. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 The number of cleaning reciprocation 
                 Level 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                  ~5 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 ~15 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 ~25 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 ~50 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   50~ 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Experimental Example 2—Evaluation of Durability 
     With respect to samples finishing a cleaning performance test as objects, durability such as thermal resistance and chemical resistance was evaluated. Durability of each sample was evaluated in a way of confirming a stain phenomenon. Surfaces of the samples were checked and then a ratio of an area of remained residues or traces with respect to an area of a whole surface is quantified to evaluate the stain phenomenon. Criteria for evaluating the stain phenomenon are described in Table 4. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ratio of stain area 
                 LEVEL 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                  0% 
                 LV. 5 
               
               
                   
                 ~20% 
                 LV. 4 
               
               
                   
                 ~50% 
                 LV. 3 
               
               
                   
                 ~80% 
                 LV. 2 
               
               
                   
                     80%~ 
                 LV. 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     &lt;Test Results&gt; 
     Test results of the above experimental examples were described in Table 5. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Comparative 
                 Comparative 
                 Comparative 
               
               
                   
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 example 1 
                 example 2 
                 example 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Performance 
                 Lv. 5 
                 Lv. 5 
                 Lv. 5 
                 Lv. 2 
                 Lv. 3 
                 Lv. 4 
               
               
                 of cleaning 
               
               
                 chickens&#39; oil 
               
               
                 Performance 
                 Lv. 4 
                 Lv. 5 
                 Lv. 5 
                 Lv. 1 
                 Lv. 1 
                 Lv. 2 
               
               
                 of cleaning 
               
               
                 tomato sources 
               
               
                 Stain level 
                 Lv. 3 
                 Lv. 4 
                 Lv. 4 
                 Lv. 1 
                 Lv. 0 
                 Lv. 1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As the test results, all contaminants of samples according to examples 1 to 3 were easily removed at a room temperature. On the contrary, all contaminants of comparative examples were not easily removed at a room temperature. In addition, it is confirmed that durability of samples according to the examples is also excellent, but durability of comparative examples is not excellent. 
     Embodiments disclosed here may provide a new composition for enamel in that facilitates cleaning all or many contaminants at a room temperature. Embodiments disclosed herein may provide a new composition for enamel where cleaning is possible with respect to all contaminants without soaking in water. 
     Embodiments disclosed herein may provide a new composition for enamel where cleaning is possible without soaking in water at a room temperature and also that has excellent durability. Embodiments disclosed herein may provide a new composition for enamel where there is no need to consider adhesion to a substrate of a steel plate. 
     Objectives of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-described ones. Additionally, other objectives and advantages that have not been mentioned may be clearly understood from the description and may be more clearly understood from embodiments of the present disclosure. Further, it will be understood that the objectives and advantages of the present disclosure may be realized via means and combinations thereof that are described in the appended claims. 
     In order to be cleaned with respect to all contaminants without soaking in water at a room temperature, the composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may have a configuration feature of including a silicate-based component and a catalytic oxide in a new composition ratio. The composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may include SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , R 2 O (one or more of Na 2 O, K 2 O, and/or Li 2 O), NaF, ZnO, TiO 2 , MoO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , and one or more of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and/or Co 3 O 4  in a new composition ratio. 
     Also, the composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may include 40 wt % (hereinafter referred to as “wt %”) or less of TiO 2 , MoO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , and one or more of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and/or Co 3 O 4  in order to maximize chemical resistance and durability. 
     Based on the values in Table 1, the composition may include SiO 2  provided in a range of 35 to 40 wt %, B 2 O 3  provided in a range of 7 to 10 wt %, Na 2 O provided in a range of 10 to 12 wt %, K 2 O provided in a range of 0.5 to 2.5 wt %, Li 2 O provided in a range of 0 to 1 wt %, NaF provided in a range of 1 to 3 wt %, ZnO provided in a range of 3 to 9 wt %, TiO 2  provided in a range of 10 to 14 wt %, MoO 3  provided in a range of 5 to 7 wt %, Bi 2 O 3  provided in a range of 9 to 12 wt %, CeO 2  provided in a range of 2 to 4 wt %, MnO 2  provided in a range of 0 to 1.5 wt %, Fe 2 O 3  provided in a range of 0 to 2 wt %, and/or Co 3 O 4  provided in a range of 0 to 2 wt %. 
     Based on the values in Table 1, the composition may include SiO 2  provided in a range of 36.1 to 38.9 wt %, B 2 O 3  provided in a range of 7.5 to 9.2 wt %, Na 2 O provided in a range of 10.5 to 11.5 wt %, K 2 O provided in a range of 0.8 to 2.0 wt %, Li 2 O provided in a range of 0 to 0.8 wt %, NaF provided in a range of 1.5 to 2.3 wt %, ZnO provided in a range of 3.5 to 8.1 wt %, TiO 2  provided in a range of 10.9 to 13.9 wt %, MoO 3  provided in a range of 5.7 to 6.5 wt %, Bi 2 O 3  provided in a range of 9.9 to 11.6 wt %, CeO 2  provided in a range of 2.2 to 3.5 wt %, MnO 2  provided in a range of 0 to 1.1 wt %, Fe 2 O 3  provided in a range of 0 to 1.8 wt %, and/or Co 3 O 4  provided in a range of 0 to 1.5 wt %. 
     Based on the values in Table 1, a total content of Na 2 O, K 2 O, and Li 2 O may be provided in a range of 11 to 14 wt %. A total content of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Co 3 O 4  may be provided in a range of 0.5 to 5 wt %. A total content of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Co 3 O 4  may be provided in a range of 0.7 to 4.3 wt %. 
     This application is related to co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 17/117,359 (Attorney Docket No. DAE-0160) filed on Dec. 10, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
     A composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may be cleaned with respect to all contaminants at a room temperature. The composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may be cleaned with respect to all contaminants without soaking in water. The composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may be cleaned without soaking in water at a room temperature and also has excellent durability. The composition for enamel according to the present disclosure may be formed on an intermediate buffer layer positioned on the substrate of the steel plate, so that there is no need to use an expensive raw material needed for having adhesion to the substrate of the steel plate. 
     Specific effects of the present disclosure will be described together with describing specific matters for implementing the present disclosure. The present disclosure has been described with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. However, it is obvious that the disclosure may be changed by one having ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure pertains in various different forms within the scope of the technical spirit of the disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments and the drawings set forth herein. Further, even though action and effects according to configuration of the present disclosure are not definitely described in the description of embodiments of the present disclosure, it is certain that predictable effects resulted from the relevant configuration should be also admitted. 
     The pre-described objectives, features, and advantages will be described specifically hereinafter referring to the attached drawings; therefore those skilled in the art may easily realize the technical sprit of the present disclosure. In describing the present disclosure, the detailed description of known technologies in relation to the present disclosure will be omitted if it is deemed to make the gist of the present disclosure unnecessarily vague. Throughout the drawings, identical reference numerals may denote identical or similar components. 
     When any component is described as being “at an upper portion (or a lower portion)” of a component, or “on (or under)” a component, any component may be placed on the upper surface (or the lower surface) of the component, and an additional component may be interposed between the component and any component placed on (or under) the component. When a component is described as being “connected,” “coupled” or “linked” to another component, the component may be directly connected or able to be linked to another component; however, it is also to be understood that an additional component may be “interposed” between the two components, or the two components may be “connected,” “coupled” or “linked” through an additional component. 
     In a whole of specification, each component may be singular or plural as long as there is no description particularly opposite to the above. A singular expression used in this specification includes a plural expression as long as the expression is not definitely differently indicated in the context. In the present application, the term “configure” or “include,” etc. should not be construed to necessarily include all of various components or various steps described in specification. It should be construed such that some components or some steps of the above may not be included, or additional components or steps may be further included. 
     In the whole of specification, when the term “A and/or B” is used, the term means A, B, or A and B as long as there is no description particularly opposite to the above. When the term “C to D” is used, the term means C or more and D or less as long as there is no description particularly opposite to the above. 
     It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being “on” another element or layer, the element or layer can be directly on another element or layer or intervening elements or layers. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention. 
     Spatially relative terms, such as “lower”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “lower” relative to other elements or features would then be oriented “upper” relative to the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “lower” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     Embodiments of the disclosure are described herein with reference to cross-section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments (and intermediate structures) of the disclosure. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments of the disclosure should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. 
     Any reference in this specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “example embodiment,” etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the purview of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other ones of the embodiments. 
     Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.