Patent Publication Number: US-6038944-A

Title: Apparatus for manufacturing buttons

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention pertains to apparatus and methods for manufacturing buttons and button medallions, as well as to the buttons and button medallions themselves. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
     For the purposes of this invention, the term &#34;button&#34; is used to describe a multi-component assembly as shown in FIGS. 1, 1A, and 1B. A flexible laminate 1, which normally includes a sheet of artwork 3 and a protective transparent film 5, is overlaid on a domed shell 7. The laminate 1 has a skirt portion 11 that overhangs the free edge 13 of the shell 7. A formed back 9, which is usually made of steel, is placed against the shell in a manner that tucks the skirt 11 of the laminate around the free edge 13 of the shell. The shell is crimped around its free edge against an outer frusto-conical wall 15 of the back 9, thereby forming a wall 19 of the shell and assembling the button 17. The finished button 17 has a three dimensional appearance that enhances the visual appeal of the artwork 3. It will be noted that the shell wall 19 is frusto-conical in shape, and also that the laminate skirt is tucked between the shell wall 19 and the back wall 15. Those two structural features are characteristic of buttons. 
     Machines for manufacturing buttons 17 are well known. For example, my U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,829,662; 4,867,013; and U.S. Pat. No. Des. 308,529 show exemplary button presses capable of high speed production. Other apparatus for making buttons may be seen in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,662,626; 3,795,036; and 4,696,086. 
     The Parisian Novelty Company of Chicago, Ill., manufactures a pneumatically operated button assembly machine having a C-shaped frame. The Parisian machine includes two work stations in the form of separate sets of dies. The die sets are mounted on a turntable that is indexable through approximately 90 degrees by means of a manually gripped handle to place the correct die set under a reciprocable ram. The C-shaped frame requires a heavy and complicated cast metal structure with intricate machining. 
     The Technical Products Company of Hubertus, Wis., markets a button assembly machine in which two sets of dies are mounted on a slide. The slide is reciprocable to place the desired die set under a ram. Another Technical Products machine has two die sets arranged in a stack. The stack is invertable to locate the desired die set directly under the ram. Both Technical Product machines have C-shaped frames. 
     The Instant Buttons Machine Manufacturing Company of Hamden, Conn., markets a semi-automatic button machine having an H-shaped frame. Two sets of dies are mounted on a slide that reciprocates to place the desired set under a ram. An artwork cutout device is included as part of the machine frame. That is a disadvantage, because if either a cutout or an assembly component fails, the entire process is compromised. In addition, production is less than optimum because the machine can be used only for cutting or button making at one time, which prevents simultaneous operation of the cutting and assembly functions by different persons. Another drawback of the Instant Buttons machine is that the handle for operating the ram falls outside of the machine base. Consequently, the entire machine tends to tip over with every handle stroke. 
     By way of further background, the term &#34;medallion&#34; historically meant a thin flat disk bearing artwork usually achieved by engraving. The medallion was usually set into a shallow recess in the body of a trophy, medal, or other award assembly and bonded there by adhesive means. Looking at FIGS. 2, 2A, and 2B, reference numeral 30 indicates any of a wide variety of conventional trophies with which medallions are commonly used. The trophy 30 has a shallow standard-sized circular recess with a flat seat 36. The diameter of the seat 36 is one inch or two inches; in European trophies the corresponding diameters are 25 millimeters and 50 millimeters, respectively. Reference numeral 32 indicates a medallion that fits within the trophy recess. The recess locates the medallion 32 relative to the other features of the trophy 30 and also covers the medallion raw edge 38. Covering the medallion edge 38 is important for aesthetic purposes. The medallion gives a customized appearance to an otherwise generic award such as the trophy 30. However, due to engraving limitations, the medallions 32 have been no more than flat disks, as mentioned, usually bearing some simple generic artwork. The flat prior medallion thus lacked a rich appearance and tended to diminish the overall image of the trophy. 
     The common availability of desktop publishing, together with the proliferation of myriads of colorful clipart and artistic fonts, enables any button maker to incorporate colorful customized artwork to commemorate any event worthy of an award. However, buttons 17 (FIG. 1B) have not been used to embellish trophies and awards because the incorporated recesses are too shallow to hide the thick unattractive button edges and were not of a size that would fit the standardized recesses in awards components. FIG. 2C illustrates the incompatibility of buttons and awards. In FIG. 2C, a button 17 is shown placed in the recess of a trophy 30. The button edge 42 projects above the front surface 44 of the trophy, which is unacceptable from an appearance standpoint. The fact that the button edge 42 is above the trophy surface 44 also makes it difficult to accurately center the button on the seat 36. Further, the relatively great distance between the trophy seat and the button formed back 9 makes it difficult to adhere the button to the seat. 
     Thus, even though several different button making machines are available, there nevertheless exists room for improvement to them. Further, it is considered desirable to adapt the three-dimensional characteristics of buttons to medallions. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the present invention, a universal assembly machine is provided that is capable of manually manufacturing buttons on a production basis. This is accomplished by apparatus that includes a die table that is rotatably indexable about a column of a box frame to locate a selected one of two sets of dies under a reciprocable ram. 
     The die table is supported by a base that is part of the machine box frame. The die table is indexable about a center column that upstands from the base. A crown is attached to the tops of the center column and an end column. A shifter post has one end joined to the die table and is closely spaced to the frame center column. Consequently, indexing the die table about the center column causes the shifter post to travel in a circle about the center column. Cutouts in the die table contact the end column to accurately locate the die table at its two index positions. 
     The ram is guided in and supported by the frame crown for reciprocating along a vertical axis. Support and guidance of the ram is by screws passing loosely through the crown and threaded into a ram plate on the underside of the crown. A ram spring biases the ram plate against the underside of the crown. There are a pair of holes in the ram plate on opposite sides of the vertical axis. Fastened to the ram plate is one end face of a generally cylindrical inner plug. The second end face of the inner plug is concave. An outer ring is slidable and rotatable on the outer diameter of the inner plug. An internal shoulder on the outer ring is contactable with an external shoulder of the inner plug. A pair of pins is pressed into a first end face of the outer ring diametrically opposite each other. The pins project toward the frame crown. There is a clearance between the free ends of the pins and the ram plate when the ram plate is retracted against the crown. 
     First and second fingers are pressed in the outer periphery of the ram outer ring. The fingers jut from a cylindrical surface of the outer ring. The fingers normally straddle the frame center column and the die table shifter post. 
     On the opposite ends of the die table are mounted two sets of dies. The first set is a pickup die that comprises a cylindrical pickup die pedestal fastened at one end to the die table. The opposite end of the pickup die pedestal is flat. An outer ring is slidable over the pickup die pedestal. The outer ring has an internal shoulder that is biased against an external shoulder of the pickup die by multiple springs acting against the die table. 
     The second set of dies comprises a crimp die having a crimp die pedestal that is fastened to the die table. An outer ring is slidable over the crimp die pedestal. Springs bias the crimp die outer ring such that shoulders on the crimp die pedestal and outer ring abut. The upper face of the crimp die pedestal has a counterbore. 
     To operate the universal assembly machine, a handle that is pivotably connected to the crown is initially pivoted to a ready position. In that position, the ram spring biases the ram plate against the frame crown and away from the die table. A button shell is placed dome upward on the pickup die pedestal. Artwork that is to be assembled to the shell is placed in a counterbore in the pickup die outer ring above the shell. The die table is indexed to place the pickup die under the ram. When the pickup die is under the ram, the shifter post is in contact with the first finger on the ram outer ring and locates the outer ring in a first operation mode such that the pins therein are not aligned with the holes in the ram plate. The ram outer ring is positively held in that mode by the cooperation of both fingers with the frame center column and the shifter post. 
     The handle is pivoted in a pickup stroke. Doing so causes a handle cam surface to bear against the ram plate and advance the ram downwardly toward the pickup die. The ram plate advances through the initial clearance with the pins. After the ram plate contacts the pins, the ram plate, acting through the ram outer ring, forces the pickup die outer ring downwardly against the springs in the pickup die outer ring. Simultaneously, the ram inner plug and a cylindrical inner surface of the outer ring bend the artwork over the rim of the shell. At the end of the pickup stroke, the artwork is fully bent over the shell and is held, together with the shell, by friction in the ram outer ring. There is a skirt of the artwork overhanging the free edge of the shell. Reverse pivoting of the handle to the ready position enables the ram to retract, with the shell and artwork held by friction in the ram outer ring. A formed button back having a frusto-conical outer wall is placed on the crimp die pedestal. 
     The die table is then indexed about the frame center column to place the crimp die under the ram. Rotating the die table causes the shifter post to contact the second finger in the ram outer ring and rotate the outer ring to a second operational mode such that the pins in the ram outer ring become aligned with the holes in the ram plate. Pivoting the handle advances the ram in a crimp stroke. The artwork and shell advance toward the button back. Advancing the ram first causes the artwork skirt to bend over the free edge of the shell and to tuck between the shell and the frusto-conical outer wall of the formed back. Continued pivoting of the handle crimps the artwork and shell rim against the frusto-conical outer wall of the button back. Upon reverse pivoting of the handle, the ram retracts to expose the assembled button. 
     The machine of the present invention is also capable of manufacturing buttons having flat backs. The same machine components and operations are used as described previously with but one exception. Because of the difference in height between the prior formed back 9 with the frusto-conical outer wall 15 and a flat back, a different crimp die pedestal is required. Alternately, the same crimp die pedestal can be used with an adapter that compensates for the different heights of the formed and flat backs. The skirt of the artwork of the completed button is tucked between the periphery of the flat back and a frusto-conical wall of the shell, as is characteristic of buttons. 
     Further in accordance with the present invention, a button medallion is manufacturable using the machine of the invention. The button medallion has a three-dimensional appearance that is far richer than prior flat medallions. The button medallion is composed of flexible artwork, a shell, and a flat back. The manufacturing process begins with the manufacture of a button with a flat back. However, after the crimp stroke, the flat back button is transferred to the pickup die. The machine die table is again indexed to place the pickup die under the ram. The ram is advanced in a third press such that the ram inner plug contacts the rim of the flat back button and forces the frusto-conical wall of the shell against the pickup die pedestal. The result is that the frusto-conical wall of the shell forms inwardly over against the back and comes to lie in a flat plane. The finished product is a three dimensional button medallion that can be bonded to a trophy or the like with adhesive in the manner of prior medallions and whose outside edge is thin enough to be hidden in the trophy recess. 
     The method and apparatus of the invention, using a box frame and a die table that is rotatably indexable about a column of the frame, thus manufactures buttons in an economical and efficient manner. Buttons with flat backs and button medallions are also manufacturable using the machine of the invention by making only a minor adaptation to one of the machine dies. 
     Other advantages, benefits, and features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a prior button. 
     FIG. 1A is a partial cross sectional view of a prior button shown in a partially assembled condition. 
     FIG. 1B is a partial cross sectional view of the button of FIG. 1A, but showing the button in the fully assembled condition. 
     FIG. 2 is a front view of a typical trophy and prior medallion. 
     FIG. 2A is a cross sectional view taken along line A--A of FIG. 2. 
     FIG. 2B is a cross sectional view similar to FIG. 2A, but showing the trophy and medallion in exploded form. 
     FIG. 2C is a view generally similar to FIG. 2A, but showing a button in a trophy recess. 
     FIG. 3 is a broken cross sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 4 showing the universal assembly machine of the invention with the crimp die under the ram and the ram retracted. 
     FIG. 4 is a view taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3. 
     FIG. 5 is a view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 3. 
     FIG. 6 is a broken cross sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 7 and showing the pickup die under the ram and the ram advanced in a pickup stroke. 
     FIG. 7 is a view taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 6. 
     FIG. 8 is a view generally similar to FIG. 6, but showing the crimp die under the ram. 
     FIGS. 9A-9C are cross sectional views through the ram and the pickup die showing the pickup function of the universal assembly machine of the invention. 
     FIGS. 10A-10C are cross sectional views through the ram and the crimp die showing the crimp function. 
     FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of a button made with a flat back in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 11A is a cross sectional view of the assembled button with a flat back according to the present invention. 
     FIGS. 12A-12C are cross sectional views through the ram and a modified crimp die used to manufacture the button with the flat back of FIGS. 11 and 11A. 
     FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of a button medallion according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 13A is a cross sectional view on an enlarged scale of an assembled button medallion according to the present invention. 
     FIGS. 14A-14C are cross sectional views through the ram and the pickup die showing the third press used during the manufacture of the button medallion of FIGS. 13 and 13A. 
     FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view through the crimp die pedestal used to manufacture buttons with formed backs adapted to also be capable of manufacturing buttons with flat backs and button medallions. 
     FIG. 16 is a cross sectional view through a trophy recess showing a button medallion according to the present invention with the thin outer edge thereof substantially hidden in the recess and bonded to the recess seat. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Although the disclosure hereof is detailed and exact to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, the physical embodiments herein disclosed merely exemplify the invention, which may be embodied in other specific structure. The scope of the invention is defined in the claims appended hereto. 
     Assembly Machine 
     Referring first to FIGS. 3-5, a universal assembly machine 33 is illustrated that includes the present invention. The universal assembly machine 33 is useful for economically manufacturing buttons 17 as shown in FIG. 1B. However, as will be explained in detail later, the assembly machine is also capable of manufacturing additional products. 
     The universal assembly machine 33 is comprised of a sturdy but simple and inexpensive box frame 34 that includes a base 35. The base 35 is securable to a bench or other permanent installation. Upstanding from the base 35 is a hollow center column 37 and a similar end column 39. Spanning the center column 37 and the end column 39 is a crown 41. Long screws 43 are used to attach the crown 41, columns, and base into the box frame 34. 
     Pivotally connected to the crown 41 is a handle 45. In the illustrated construction, the handle 45 has a pair of plates 47 that straddle the crown and are pivotally connected to it by a pin 49. The plates 47 terminate in a hand grip 51. The plates have respective cam surfaces 53 opposite the grip 51. As shown in FIG. 3, the handle is in a ready position. In the ready position, the handle plates rest against pins 55 pressed in the crown. The cam surfaces 53 are above the crown undersurface 57. 
     A ram 59 is supported by the crown 41 and is reciprocable along a vertical axis 61, which preferably intersects the handle pin 49. The ram 59 includes a ram plate 63 and a ram die 64. A pair of screws 65 and 67 are threaded into the ram plate 63. The screws 65 and 67 pass through associated clearance holes in the crown. Other than the handle 45 and screws 65 and 67, there are no parts of the machine 33 above the crown. The ram plate 63 is biased against the crown undersurface 57 by a spring 69 acting between the head 71 of the screw 65 and a counterbore in the crown. There are a pair of holes 68 in the ram plate diametrically opposite the axis 61. 
     The ram die 64 is comprised of a cylindrical inner plug 73 and an outer ring 85. One face 70 of the inner plug 73 is fastened to the ram plate 63 by a screw 72. The opposite face 75 of the inner plug 73 is concave so as to define a cavity 77 having a tapered surface 81. There is an external shoulder 83 on the inner plug. 
     An outer ring 85 is slidable and rotatable over the outer diameter of the inner plug 73. The outer ring 85 has an internal diameter 86 and an internal shoulder that normally abuts the inner plug external shoulder 83 under the force of gravity. A pair of pins 87 are pressed into the outer ring at the same radial distance from the axis 61 as the holes 68 in the ram plate 63. When the handle 45 is in the ready position of FIG. 3, there is a clearance C between the pins 87 and the ram plate. A pair of fingers 89 and 91 jut outwardly from the ram outer ring. The angular distance between the fingers 89 and 91 is approximately 30 degrees. The lower end of the outer ring 85 has an end surface 93 with a tapered pilot 95. 
     Rotatably supported on the frame base 35 is a die table 97. For that purpose, there is a hole in the die table 97 through which the frame center column 37 passes. In the preferred embodiment, the die table 97 is indexable through 180 degrees about the frame center column. The opposite ends of the die table are formed with first and second cutouts 99 and 101, respectively. The cutouts 99 and 101 are located such that they are contactable with the outer column 39 of the frame 34. A vertical shifter post 103 is joined to the die table. As shown, the shifter post is pressed into a block 105 that in turn is held to the die table by a screw 107. The shifter post is long enough to reach the fingers 89 and 91. Mounted to opposite ends of the die table 97 are a pickup die 109 and a crimp die 111. The pickup die 109 comprises a cylindrical pedestal 113 having an external shoulder 115 and a flat top surface 117. An outer ring 119 with an inner diameter 120 is slidable over the pedestal 113. Springs 121 bias an internal shoulder of the outer ring 119 against the pedestal external shoulder 115. The outer ring has a counterbore 123 in the upper surface 125 thereof. 
     The crimp die 111 has a pedestal 127 with an external shoulder 129, an outer diameter 130, and an upper surface 131 with a counterbore 133. A crimp die outer ring 135 is biased by springs 137 such that an internal shoulder abuts the pedestal external shoulder 129. The upper surface 139 of the outer ring 135 has a counterbore 141 and a tapered surface 143. 
     Operation 
     The operation of the universal assembly machine 33 to manufacture a button 17 begins by placing a shell 7 dome side up on the pedestal 113 of the pickup die 109. See FIG. 9A. The laminate 1 is placed in the counterbore 123 of the pickup die outer ring 119. The machine die table 97 is indexed in the direction of arrow 145 about the machine frame center column 37 such that the pickup die is under the ram 59, FIG. 4. When the cutout 99 in the die table contacts the frame outer column 39, the pickup die is properly under the ram, as is shown in FIG. 6. When the die table indexes in the direction of arrow 145, the shifter post 103 also travels in a semi-circle about the center column to its position shown in FIG. 7. The circular travel of the shifter post causes it to contact the finger 91 and rotate the ram outer ring 85 on the ram inner plug 73 in the direction of arrow 147 to a pickup mode. The fingers 89 and 91, the shifter post, and the center column are so dimensioned and located relative to each other that the fingers loosely straddle the shifter post and the center column. The center column and shifter post thus positively hold the ram outer ring in place in two directions until the die table is again indexed. When the ram outer ring is in the pickup mode of FIG. 7, the pins 87 in the outer ring are misaligned with the holes 68 through the ram plate 63. 
     The handle 45 is pivoted clockwise with respect to FIGS. 3 and 6 in a pickup stroke. The handle cam surfaces 53 contact the ram plate 63 and force it downwardly against the spring 69. The ram 59 thus advances to bring the end surface 93 of the ram outer ring 85 into contact with the laminate 1, FIG. 9A. A slight further pivoting of the handle advances the ram inner plug 73 but not the ram outer ring, which is resisted against motion at that time by the springs 121 acting through the pickup die outer ring 119, until the clearance C between the ram plate 63 and the pins 87 is taken up. Further advancement of the ram causes the ram outer ring to force the pickup die outer ring against the springs 121 and bend the laminate over the shell 7, FIG. 9B. A wrinkled skirt 11 of the laminate overhangs the shell. Simultaneously, the laminate and shell slide into the inner diameter 86 of the ram outer ring. When the handle is pivoted back to the ready position of FIG. 3, the spring 69 retracts the ram 59 away from the pickup die 109, FIG. 9C. At the end of the pickup stroke, the shell and laminate are held by friction in the inner diameter 86 of the ram outer ring 85. 
     A formed back 9 having a frusto-conical outer wall 15 is placed on the pedestal 127 of the crimp die 111. See FIG. 10A. Although not shown, any of a number of different findings, such as safety pins, clutch pins, jump rings, and up-eyes, as are well known in the art, can be incorporated into the formed back. Such findings fit loosely within the counterbore 133 of the crimp die pedestal. The die table 97 is then indexed 180 degrees in the direction of arrow 151, FIG. 7. The cutout 101 in the die table contacts the machine frame outer column 39 to locate the crimp die 111 under the ram 59, FIG. 8. Indexing the die table causes the shifter post 103 to travel an arcuate path in the direction of arrow 151. The shifter post contacts the finger 89 in the ram outer ring 85. The shifter post acts against the finger 89 to rotate the ram outer ring in the direction of arrow 153 to a crimp mode as shown in FIG. 4. When the ram outer ring is in the crimp mode, the pins 87 are aligned with the holes 68 in the ram plate 63. 
     The handle 45 is pivoted clockwise (with respect to FIG. 3) in a crimp stroke. See FIGS. 10A-10C. The ram 59 advances until the ram outer ring 85 contacts the crimp die outer ring 135. Further pivoting of the handle causes the ram inner plug 73 to advance, but the springs 137, acting through the crimp die outer ring 135, prevent advancement of the ram outer ring 85. The pins 87 in the ram outer ring enter the holes 68 in the ram plate 63. The ram inner plug 73 thus advances without corresponding advancement of the ram outer ring. The ram inner plug advances to push the laminate 1 and the shell 7 out of the inner diameter 86 of the ram outer ring 85 such that the skirt 11 of the laminate contacts the tapered surface 143 of the crimp die outer ring. That action bends the skirt inwardly inside of the frusto-conical wall 15 of the formed back 9. Continued advancement of the ram inner plug forces the crimp die outer ring against the springs 137, which collapse to push the shell wall 19 over and around the back wall 15. Simultaneously, the laminate skirt is tucked at reference numeral 155 between the shell wall 19 and the back wall 15. 
     Final advancement of the ram inner plug 73 forces the free edge 13 of the shell 7, which is covered by the laminate 1, against the tapered surface 143 of the crimp die outer ring 135 and crimps the shell to create a frusto-conical wall 19. The laminate skirt 11 is tightly squeezed between the shell wall 19 and the frusto-conical wall 15 of the back 9. 
     It will be noted from FIG. 8 that when the handle 45 is fully pivoted at the end of the crimp stroke, the grip 51 is over the machine base 35. The final advancement of the ram 59 to crimp the shell 7 requires that a moderate force be exerted on the handle grip. Having the handle grip over the machine base prevents the machine from tipping over and thus renders it stable during operation. The handle is reversed, thereby retracting the ram 59 by means of the spring 69. The completed button 17, with its characteristic frusto-conical wall 19 and tucked skirt 11, is removed from the crimp die 111. The universal assembly machine 33 is then ready to manufacture another button 17. 
     Button with Flat Back 
     The universal assembly machine 33 is also capable of manufacturing buttons having flat backs. Turning to FIGS. 11 and 11A, a laminate 1&#39; has a transparent film 5&#39; that overlays a piece of artwork 3&#39; in the same manner as the laminate 1 of FIG. 1. The laminate 1&#39; is used with a conventional shell 7&#39;. 
     Reference numeral 157 indicates a flat back in the form of a disk having a circular periphery 159. The flat back 157 may be made of metal. However, I have found that a flat back made of a hard plastic and having a thickness of approximately 0.04 inches works very well. The flat back is placed against the shell 7&#39; in a manner that tucks a skirt 11&#39; of the laminate 1&#39; between the back periphery 159 and the wall 19&#39; of the shell 7&#39;. The shell wall 19&#39; is crimped around the flat back periphery 159 to form the characteristic frusto-conical wall 19&#39; and tucked skirt 11&#39; on the completed flat back button 161. 
     To manufacture the flat back button 161, the only modification required to the machine 33 is a different pedestal for the crimp die. Looking at FIGS. 12A-12C, the crimp die 163 has a crimp die outer ring 135&#39; and springs 137&#39; that are the same as the outer ring 135 and springs 137, respectively, of the crimp die 111 described previously. The pedestal 165 of the crimp die 163 has an external shoulder 129&#39; that is in the same location relative to the machine die table as the shoulder 129 of the crimp die pedestal 127 of the crimp die 111. However, the pedestal 165 has a top surface 167 that is at a greater distance from the die table 97 than the top surface 131 of the crimp die pedestal 127. There is an annular notch 169 in the top surface 167 at the pedestal outer diameter 171. 
     The process for manufacturing a button 161, using the universal assembly machine 33 with the crimp die pedestal 165, is very similar to the process for the button 17 using the crimp die pedestal 127. The laminate 1&#39; and shell 7&#39; are loaded in the pickup die 109 as shown in FIGS. 9A-9C. The laminate and shell are captured in the ram outer ring 85 as previously described. A flat back 157 is placed on the top surface 167 of the crimp die pedestal 165, FIG. 12A. After indexing the machine die table 97 to place the crimp die 163 under the machine ram 59, the handle 45 is pivoted to advance the ram 59. The ram inner plug 73 pushes the laminate 1&#39; and shell 7&#39; out of the ram outer ring 85. Continued advancement of the ram causes the laminate skirt 11&#39; to contact the tapered surface 143&#39; of the crimp die outer ring 135&#39;. That action causes the skirt to bend inwardly on top of the flat back. Further ram advancement causes the skirt to tuck between the flat back periphery 159 and the wall 19&#39; of the shell. The free edge 13&#39; of the shell contacts the crimp die outer ring tapered surface 143&#39; and crimps inwardly within the notch 169. FIG. 12C shows the final position of ram advance, at which position the button 161 with the flat back is completed. The shell of the button 161 has the characteristic frusto-conical wall 19&#39; and tucked skirt 11&#39;. 
     Crimp Die Adapter 
     The versatility of the universal assembly machine 33 is further exemplified by the fact that the button 161 with the flat back can be manufactured without substituting the crimp die pedestal 165 for the crimp die pedestal 127. With reference to FIG. 15, the crimp die pedestal 127 used to assemble the button 17 is shown, having the top surface 131 and counterbore 133. An adapter 173 is used with the pedestal 127 to simulate the crimp die pedestal 165, described previously, used to assemble the button 161. The adapter 173 has a top surface 175 that is in the same relative location as the top surface 167 of the pedestal 165, FIGS. 12A-12C. A pilot 177 on the adapter fits inside the counterbore 133 of the pedestal 127. The outer diameter 179 of the adapter cooperates with the adapter top surface 175 and the outer diameter 130 of the pedestal to create an annular notch 181. 
     By using the adapter 173, the crimp die pedestal 127, which is used to make the button 17 as explained with reference to FIGS. 10A-10C, can also be used to make the button 161 as explained with reference to FIGS. 12A-12C. In other words, the crimp die pedestal 127 and adapter 173 are interchangeable with the crimp die pedestal 165. The adapter thus contributes to the economy of the universal assembly machine 33. 
     Button Medallion 
     Further in accordance with the present invention, the universal assembly machine 33 is also capable of manufacturing button medallions. For the purposes of this invention, a button medallion is a multi-component product as shown in FIGS. 13 and 13A. A flexible laminate 183 consists of a piece of artwork 185 and a protective transparent film 187. Reference numeral 189 indicates a domed shell, and reference numeral 191 indicates a flat back. The laminate 183, shell 189, and flat back 191 are assembled together to make a button medallion 193. The characteristic features of the button medallion 193 are that its outer diameter is a size that fits the recess of a common award component, such as the trophy 30, FIG. 2; and the wall 195 of the shell around its rim is planar and parallel to the plane of the back 191; and its outer edge is as thin as the incorporated materials allow. 
     The button medallion 193 is manufactured by using a three stroke process. The laminate 183 and shell 189 are loaded in the pickup die 109 as described previously in conjunction with FIG. 9A. Then a pickup stroke is performed as described previously in connection with FIGS. 9B and 9C. After a back 191 is loaded in the crimp die 163, a crimp stroke is performed as described in conjunction with FIGS. 12A-12C. For the crimp stroke, a crimp die with either the crimp die pedestal 127 with the adapter 173 of FIG. 15, or the crimp die pedestal 165 of FIGS. 12A-12C, can be used. It will be recognized that at the end of the crimp stroke, FIG. 12C, a flat back button 161 has been produced. 
     To complete the manufacture of a button medallion 193 (FIG. 13A), the flat back button is removed from the crimp die 163 (FIG. 12C) and is loaded in the pickup die 109. See FIG. 14A, wherein the flat back button is indicated at reference numeral 197. The free edge 198 of the shell frusto-conical wall 199, covered with the tucked laminate 183, rests on the upper surface 117 of the pickup die pedestal 113. It will be noted that the outer diameter of the partially completed assembly 197 is smaller than the inner diameter 120 of the pickup die outer ring 119. The machine die table 97 is indexed to place the pickup die under the ram 59. That action causes the shifter post 103 to rotate the ram outer ring 85 to the pickup mode whereat the pins 87 are out of alignment with the holes 68 in the ram plate 63. 
     The handle 45 is pivoted in a third press to advance the ram inner plug 73 through the clearance C. Further pivoting of the handle advances the inner plug and outer ring 85 together until the ram outer ring contacts the pickup die outer ring 135, FIG. 14B. Continued advancement of the ram 59 causes compression of the springs 121 and the tapered surface 81 of the ram inner plug 73 to contact the rim of the flat back button 197. Final ram advancement forces the previously formed frusto-conical wall 199 of the shell 189 to press against the surface 117 of the pickup die pedestal 113 and form inwardly, undergoing compressive forces, against the back 191, FIG. 14C. At that point, the previous frusto-conical wall 199 has bent into the configuration of the flat wall 195 of FIG. 13A. The flexible laminate 183 is tucked at reference numeral 201 around the back periphery 203 and between the shell 189 and the back. 
     At the end of the third press, the ram 59 is retracted to yield a completed button medallion 193. The flat planar wall 195 enables adhesive to be applied to the back 191, as well as to the laminate 183 in the area 205, to join the button medallion to a conventional trophy, FIGS. 2 and 16. The three dimensional appearance of the button medallion of the invention gives a much richer appearance to the artwork 185 compared with the prior flat medallions and is thus a major improvement over the prior medallions. Further, the thin edge 206 of the button medallion is thin enough to be hidden in the trophy recess. 
     Because of the thin edge 206 of the button medallion 193, it is eminently suitable for other uses than with awards. Other applications include embellishments for various types of packaging. In some applications, it may be desirable to have a finding incorporated into the button medallion. In those cases, the particular finding is attached to the flat back in any suitable manner. A counterbore is machined in the top surface 117of the pickup die pedestal 113, as is shown by phantom lines 207, FIGS. 14A-14C, to accommodate the finding during the third press. 
     In summary, the results and advantages of buttons 17 can now be more fully realized. The universal assembly machine 33 provides both efficient manufacture of conventional buttons 17 and also buttons 161 with flat backs. This desirable result comes from using the combined functions of the die table 97. Indexing the die table about the column 3 of the box frame 34 places the desired pickup die 109 or crimp die 111 under the ram 59, and simultaneously rotates the ram outer ring 85 by means of the shifter post 103 to the corresponding pickup mode or crimp mode. Consequently, only two steps are necessary to manufacture a button: indexing the die table and pivoting the handle 45. By changing the crimp die pedestal, the button 161 with a flat back can be manufactured using the universal assembly machine. Further, the novel button medallion 193 is manufacturable merely by adding the third press and using the same crimp die as is used with the button with the flat back. A button is modified with the inclusion of a flat back and the process to make the edges thin to thereby manufacture a button medallion. The convex front or lenticular shape of the button medallion further adds a dimension of richness to an award embellished with it. 
     It will also be recognized that in addition to the superior performance of the universal assembly machine 33, its construction is such as to be significantly less costly than traditional button manufacturing machines. Also, since it is made of a simple design and with rugged components, the need for maintenance is minimal. 
     Thus, it is apparent that there has been provided, in accordance with the invention, apparatus and methods for manufacturing buttons and button medallions that fully satisfy the aims and advantages set forth above. While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.