Patent Publication Number: US-2002002689-A1

Title: Converting circuit for providing operating points in a central processor unit

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001] This application incorporates by reference Taiwanese application Serial No. 089208316, Filed May 17, 2000.  
       Field of the Invention  
       [0002] The invention relates in general to a converting circuit for providing operating points in a central processor unit (CPU), and more particularly to a converting circuit that converts the operating frequency and voltage of the central processor unit steadily and synchronously.  
       Description of the Related Art  
       [0003] In addition to the importance of speed in processing and transferring data, minimization of power consumption is also a major consideration in modem computers. As a result, computers nowadays include special function for the conservation of power. This usually places the computer in an idle mode when, after a predetermined period of time, the computer cannot detect any information or there is no accessing of its hard disk. In the idle mode, power consumption by the computer is kept at the bare minimum. It is then returned to the active mode when a key on the keyboard is pressed or a movement in the mouse is detected.  
       [0004] As mentioned above, when the computer is in the idle mode, power consumption is minimized because the operating frequency and voltage of the CPU are lowered as compared to those in the normal active mode. This can result in significant savings for the user.  
       [0005] As FIG. 1 is depicted, the computer system  100  uses a clock generator  110  to produce a clock signal V B  with the frequency 14.318 MHz by the way of crystal oscillation. The frequency of the clock signal V B  is further increased by n times via a frequency multiplier  120  utilizes a phase lock loop  121  for locking the phase of the clock signal V B  and produces a frequency multiple signal V D . Finally, a frequency divider  130  reduces the frequency of the signal V D  by m times and generates an output signal V F  to provide the needed operating frequency f for the central processor unit  140 .  
       [0006] On the other hand, the computer system  100  uses a DC-to-DC voltage adjuster  150  to adjust the operating voltage V. The voltage adjuster  150  includes a first input terminal P 1  for inputting a direct voltage bias V S  (a voltage 5V), and a second input terminal P 2  for inputting a control signal CTL. When the control signal CTL is changed from the level 0 to 1, the voltage of the output signal V P  is increased from a low voltage L to a high voltage H in order to provide the needed operating voltage V of the CPU  140 .  
       [0007] As depicted in FIG. 2A, when the computer system  100  is in the idle mode D, the operating frequency f of the CPU  140  is set to be 100 MHz and the operating voltage V is 1.3V. When the computer system  100  is changed to the active mode W at time t 0 , the operating frequency f is changed to 800 MHz while the operating voltage V is increased to 1.8V. However, at time t 0 , the electric current I of the computer system  100  is also increased suddenly from a low current  1 A to a high current  1 OA. This abrupt increase in current will result in a surge current as illustrated in FIG. 2B. As a result, extra protectors are needed to avoid this surge current, thereby increasing the cost.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0008] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved converting circuit for converting the operating points of the CPU. By installing suitable resistor-and-capacitor (RC) circuits in the computer system, the operating frequency and voltage of the CPU can be converted steadily by adjusting the values of the resistor (R) and the capacitor (C). The variation of the operating frequency and voltage is also designed to be synchronous so that the surge current mentioned above can be reduced, thereby lowering the cost.  
       [0009] The invention achieves the above-identified objects by providing a new converting circuit for converting the operating points of the CPU. The converting circuit includes a phase lock loop and a voltage adjuster. The converting circuit is for receiving a clock signal, a direct voltage bias, and a control signal CTL, and outputting an operating frequency and voltage to the CPU. In the phase lock loop, a first RC circuit is used to receive the clock signal and outputs to a voltage controlling oscillator which outputs the operating frequency to the CPU. The voltage adjuster receives the direct voltage bias via its voltage amplifier and receives the control signal by a second RC circuit. As a result of this, the voltage amplifier outputs the operating voltage to the CPU. By utilizing suitable RC values in the first and second RC circuits, the surge current in the operating points conversion can be reduced, thereby lowering the cost. 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
     [0010] Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred but non-limiting embodiments. The description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:  
     [0011]FIG. 1 (Prior Art) illustrates a block diagram of the operating frequency and voltage conversion in a conventional computer system;  
     [0012]FIG. 2A (Prior Art) contains figures respectively show the change of the frequency and voltage along with time;  
     [0013]FIG. 2B (Prior Art) shows the change of current along with time;  
     [0014]FIG. 3 shows a converting circuit diagram of the operating frequency and voltage in a CPU according to a preferred embodiment in the invention; and  
     [0015]FIG. 4 shows a differential curve of the operating frequency and voltage according to the invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
     [0016] As shown in Figure.  3 , the converting circuit includes a phase lock loop  300  for receiving a clock signal CLK and generating an output signal V F  to provide the needed operating frequency f in a CPU  310 . The converting circuit also includes a voltage adjuster  320  for receiving a control signal CTL (0/1 level) to provide the needed operating voltage V P  in the CPU  310 .  
     [0017] The phase lock loop  300  includes a voltage controlling oscillator  301  and a first RC circuit  302  which connects to a first input terminal P 1  of the voltage controlling oscillator  301 . The voltage adjuster  320  includes a bias input terminal A 1  for inputting a direct voltage bias V S  (e.g. 5V), and a signal input terminal A 2  for receiving the control signal CTL. The voltage adjuster  320  further includes a voltage amplifier  321  and a second RC circuit  322 . The second RC circuit  322  connects the voltage amplifier  321  to the signal input terminal A 2  for receiving the control signal CTL and outputs the result to the voltage amplifier  321  via a second input terminal P 2 . The voltage amplifier  321  receives the direct voltage bias V S  and generates an output signal V P  with the voltage V under the control of the control signal CTL.  
     [0018] As mentioned above, the first RC circuit  302  and the second RC circuit  322  can be composed of a resistor R and a capacitor C. For example, the resistance of the resistor R can be hundreds of kΩ and the capacitance of the capacitor C can be varied from tens μF to hundreds μF. The invention applies the characteristic time delay resulting from the RC circuits to steadily provide the needed operating frequency and voltage in the CPU so that the surge current of the operating point variation can be avoided. In addition, the resistors R and the capacitors C in the first and the second RC circuits can be further designed so that the variations in operating frequency and voltage are synchronous in order to match the requirement of the CPU.  
     [0019] As depicted in Figure.  4 , when the CPU  310  is changed from the idle mode D to the active mode W at time t 0 , the operating frequency f is increased from low value f 1  to high value f 2 , while the operating voltage V is increased from low value V 1  to high value V 2 . Because of the first RC circuit  302  and the second RC circuit  322 , the operating frequency f and voltage V are increased steadily at the time t 0 . Moreover, the operating frequency f and voltage V are designed to be synchronous, that is, the delay time t 1  of the operating frequency f and the delay time t 2  of the operating voltage V are the same so that the computer system can be converted from the idle mode to the active mode synchronously and steadily.  
     [0020] The characteristic of the invention lies in that the first and second RC circuits are installed into the phase lock loop and the voltage adjuster respectively. The produced RC of the first and second RC circuits are designed to provide the steady conversion of the operating frequency f and voltage V between time t 0  and t 3 . According to the allowance of the CPU for the steady conversion of the operating points, the invention reduces the surge current of the operating points in the prior art and provides high system stability without lowering its efficiency.  
     [0021] While the invention has been described by way of example and in terms of the preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements and procedures, and the scope of the appended claims therefore should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements and procedures.