Patent Publication Number: US-2021176969-A1

Title: Livestock location system

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation-in-Part of PCT International Application Number PCT/IL2015/050273, filed on 15 Mar. 2015, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/970,379, filed on 26 Mar. 2015. Both of the applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention generally pertains to a system and method for locating and monitoring livestock. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention generally pertains to a system and method for locating and monitoring livestock. 
     Typically, cows are milked in a milking parlor, an isolated room or separate building to which cows kept on a loose-housing system are taken for milking Milking parlors typically comprise an area into which the cows enter prior to milking, a number of cells or stalls in which the animals are retrained during milking, and an area into which the cows exit after milking. 
     A farmer will be interested in knowing whether milking cells are occupied, so that cells remain empty for as short a time as is feasible and milking is completed as quickly as possible, both to reduce the cows&#39; discomfort prior to milking and to use the milking parlor the most efficiently. Furthermore, knowing that a cell has emptied enables farm personnel to clean milking machines associated with the cell more quickly, if needed, or to clean the cell itself. 
     Because of the need to know the milking status of cows and, increasingly, the desire to have products such as milk traceable to the cow that provided the product, there is a need for the farmer or stock keeper to know where each cow is as a function of time. Therefore, he will want to know the cell in which each cow was milked, which will enable him to link the amount of milk and the quality of the milk to the individual cow. 
     The prior art discloses systems in which there exist identification means on each cow and location means on each milking cell or other animal holding cell such as a stall or pen. 
     In prior-art systems, typically, matched identification means and location means are used. Typical examples include an RFID tag on the animal and an RFID reader in the cell, a coded IR emitting tag on the animal and an IR sensor in the cell, and a “dumb” tag on the animal and an optical reader in the cell, although there are many other such systems known in the art. In all of these systems, when a cow enters a cell, the location means (such as the RFID reader) in the cell reads the identification means (such as the RFID tag) on the animal, thereby identifying that a specific animal has entered a specific cell. 
     However, in prior-art systems, every time the layout of a milking parlor is changed, the location means must be changed to match the new layout. This will involve some combination of moving the location means, re-wiring the milking parlor, and, if the number of cells in increased, providing new location means. Care will need to be taken that the location means do not interfere with each other and that structures in the milking parlor do not interfere with the operation of the location means. For example, care would need to be taken to ensure that nothing blocked the line-of-sight between a “dumb” tag on the animal and an optical reader in the cell. Another major issue that needs to be taken into consideration is the costs for the construction and maintenance of the same. 
     In addition, care will need to be taken that any new location means which are provided are compatible with the rest of the system. 
     Thus, there is a long felt need for a system for locating a cow or other livestock animal which does not require a location means per milking cell. 
     Yet another required need is for a system for locating livestock animal (e.g., a cow) which does not require location means per yoke cells (or headlock) in a headlock system. In that manner, once the farmer known the exact location of each animal, he can provide the same with the dedicated treatment required. 
     Farmers also desire to track cows&#39; movements in barns, pens or fields in order to determine the cows&#39; status; unusual behavior can indicate unwellness in the animal and the sooner an unwell animal is identified and treated, the more likely it is that the animal will show good recovery and, in general, the smaller will be the cost of the treatment. Furthermore, the more quickly the animal is treated, the smaller is the likely effect on the animal&#39;s milk production. Unusual behavior can also indicate problems within a herd, such as two animals fighting or the presence of dangerous animals, such as dogs, too close to the cows. 
     Farmers also desire to move cows. For example, dairy cow farmers&#39; livelihood depends on the milk produced by their dairy cows. A dairy cow is commonly milked twice to four times a day. Most cows enter the milking parlor at milking time of their own will. However, some cows tend to remain in their places, commonly recumbent and reluctant to get up and do not enter the milking parlor so that the farmer must approach each individual cow and drive the cow towards and into the milking parlor. 
     This activity consumes much effort and time and some farmers commonly refrain from actively retrieving such cows which results in the cow missing the round of milking. Over time, the cumulative effect of cows missing rounds of milking is expressed in a reduction in the overall dairy farm milk production and loss of income. 
     Existing automatic herd control systems manipulate (open and close) gates guiding walking cows into a desired location (e g , milking stalls) and various functions such as washing cow&#39;s udders, preventing mounting or body elevation and driving cows out of a stall. However, currently, a solution for automatically retrieving reluctant dairy cows is not yet available on the market. 
     Therefore, there is a long-felt need for a system for monitoring and tracking herd animals&#39; movements when the animals are kept on a loose-housing system and are in barns, pens or fields which is also capable of moving the cows from one location to another. 
     Furthermore, there is a long felt need for a system for monitoring and tracking herd animals for providing them with health treatment as well as for detection of estrus and insemination. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to disclose a system for locating livestock. 
     It is one object of the present invention to disclose, in a headlock system having a plurality of n headlock cells, each of the n cells being adapted to enclose at least one animal; n is an integer greater than 1; a system for locating the position of at least one animal, the system comprising:
         a. at least one identification means adapted to transmit at least one identification signal associated with said at least one animal;   b. at least one locating means adapted to generate at least one location signal associated with said at least one animal; and   c. a data processing system in communication with said at least one identification means and said at least one locating means, adapted to analyze said signals, said analyzed signals comprising the position within a predetermined region in said headlock system of each of said at least one animals as a function of time.       

     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said position is at least one of said n cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with the same animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with different animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide the location of said animal within said headlock system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said headlock system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system averages said location signals and provides said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said headlock system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system integrates multiple reading from either said animal and\or at least one adjacent animal over TIME to make a reliable estimation of said n cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system identifies said position of said at least one animal without use of location means associated with each of said n cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein at least one said identification means is associated with each of said animals 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said association between said identification means and said animal is by means of a mechanism selected from a group consisting of a tag, a collar, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, an implantable transponder, a bolus, a microchip, an RFID tag, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said identification means is associated with said at least one animal by a means selected from a group consisting of: being worn on a collar, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, collar, being worn on a body band, attached to said animal, implanted within said animal, held within said animal&#39;s digestive system, held within said animal&#39;s reproductive system, held within said animal&#39;s urinary system, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein movement of at least one said animal is trackable by means of said at least one identification means, said at least one locating means and said data processing system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one locating means comprises at least one RF transmitter and at least one RF receiver. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one locating means comprises at least one ultra-wide-band (UWB) transmitter and at least one UWB receiver. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said animals are milking animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the type of animal is selected from a group consisting of cows, sheep, goats, horses, buffalo, bison, camels, donkeys, mules, swine, deer, elk, llamas, alpacas and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one animal&#39;s position is selected from a group consisting of: the n th  cell within said headlock system, xyz position within a predetermined region in said headlock system, xyz position relative to a fixed object, xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, change in xyz position within said predetermined region in said headlock system, change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, speed of change in xyz position within said predetermined region in said headlock system, speed of change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, speed of change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system further comprises at least one mechanism for informing a user of at least one of a group consisting of: said at least one animal&#39;s position, change in said at least one animal&#39;s position, said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object, change in said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object; said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; change in said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; how said animal walks, change in how said animal walks, how fast said animal walks, change in how fast said animal walks, behavior of said animal, change in behavior of said animal, behavior pattern of said animal, change in behavior pattern of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, based upon the location of said animal, an automatic entrance into and out of at least one of said n headlock cell is provided. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said behavior of said animal is selected from a group of behaviors consisting of: fraction of time spent walking, change in fraction of time spent walking, fraction of time spent running, change in fraction of time spent running, limping, fraction of time spent lying down, change in fraction of time spent lying down, fraction of time spent standing, change in fraction of time spent standing, fraction of time spent eating, change in fraction of time spent eating, fraction of time spent drinking, change in fraction of time spent drinking, fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, change in fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, change in fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the behavior of said animal is identified as abnormal if at least one of said times changes by at least a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the behavior of said animal is identified as abnormal if at least one of said changes in times is greater than a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising at least one mechanism for informing said of the location of said animal with respect to the location of said user, thereby enabling said user to approach said animal 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one mechanism for informing said user is selected from a group consisting of: a display within said system, a display in the vicinity of said system, a display in the vicinity of said locating means, a remote display, a display on a personally carryable device, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said personally carryable device is selected from a group consisting of a cellphone, a Bluetooth device, an earphone, a communication device attachable to the arm, a communication device attachable to the waist, a communication device attachable to a belt, a communication device attachable to a head, a communication device worn around the neck, a communication device worn on the hand, Google Glasses, a helmet comprising a communication device, a heads-up display, an EyeTap, a Golden-i, a virtual retinal display, a GlassUp, an iOptik, a beeper, a handheld computer, a personal digital assistant, a smartphone, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said display is selected from a member of a group consisting of: an e-mail, a text message, an image, an audible message, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising means to communicate with a user at least one member of a group consisting of: identity of said animal, location of said animal, location of said animal as a function of time, location of said animal relative to said user, health status of said animal, behavioral status of said animal, estrus status of said animal, treatment required to provide said animal and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said health status is selected from a group consisting of: animal currently in normal condition, animal&#39;s condition currently not normal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said animal&#39;s condition is currently not normal for a reason selected from a group consisting of: abnormal temperature in said quarter of said udder, said quarter of said udder is inflamed, said quarter of said udder is abnormally swollen, said animal is lame, identity of lame limb, abnormal temperature of said animal, weight of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, animal is in estrus, amount of head-shaking of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said means to communicate with said user is selected from a group consisting of: said display, a paper record. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising an indicator mechanism such that said user can be notified that intervention is needed for at least one said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said indicator is selected from a member of a group consisting of a visual indicator, an audible indicator, a tactile indicator, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is selected from a group consisting of a constant—pitch sound, a constant—loudness sound, a varying-pitch sound, a varying-loudness sound, a sound of a predetermined pattern, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is changeable depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is changeable as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said change in said audible indicator is selected from a group consisting of: said loudness of said audible indicator changes, said pitch of said audible indicator changes, the rapidity of change of said loudness changes, the rapidity of change of said pitch changes, the predetermined sound pattern changes and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is selected from a group consisting of light of a constant, predetermined color, a light with color varying in a predetermined manner, a light varying in brightness, light of a predetermined pattern and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is changeable depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is changeable as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said change in visual indicator is selected from a group consisting of: change in brightness of the indicator, change in color of the indicator, change in rapidity of brightness change, change in rapidity of color change, change in predetermined color pattern and any combination thereof. 
     It is one object of the present invention to disclose, in a milking parlor having a plurality of n milking cells, each of the n cells being adapted to enclose at least one animal; n is an integer greater than 1; a system for locating the position of at least one animal, the system comprising:
         a. at least one identification means adapted to transmit at least one identification signal associated with said at least one animal;   b. at least one locating means adapted to generate at least one location signal associated with said at least one animal; and   c. a data processing system in communication with said at least one identification means and said at least one locating means, adapted to analyze said signals, said analyzed signals comprising the position within a predetermined region in said milking parlor of each of said at least one animals as a function of time.       

     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said position is at least one of said n milking cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with the same animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with different animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide the location of said animal within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system averages said location signals and provides said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system integrates multiple reading from either said animal and\or at least one adjacent animal over TIME to make a reliable estimation of said n cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system identifies said position of said at least one animal without use of location means associated with each of said n milking cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein at least one said identification means is associated with each of said animals 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said association between said identification means and said animal is by means of a mechanism selected from a group consisting of a tag, a collar, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, an implantable transponder, a bolus, a microchip, an RFID tag, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said identification means is associated with said at least one animal by a means selected from a group consisting of: being worn on a collar, being worn on a body band, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, attached to said animal, implanted within said animal, held within said animal&#39;s digestive system, held within said animal&#39;s reproductive system, held within said animal&#39;s urinary system, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein movement of at least one said animal is trackable by means of said at least one identification means, said at least one locating means and said data processing system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one locating means comprises at least one RF transmitter and at least one RF receiver. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one locating means comprises at least one ultra-wide-band (UWB) transmitter and at least one UWB receiver. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said animals are milking animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the type of animal is selected from a group consisting of cows, sheep, goats, horses, buffalo, bison, camels, donkeys, mules, swine, deer, elk, llamas, alpacas and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system further comprises sensors. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said sensors are located in a position selected from a group consisting of: on the milking robot, on the milking stall, on a cattle stall, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said sensors are selected from a group consisting of: heat sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors, fat sensors, protein sensors, light sensors, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said sensors measure body temperature of said animal, temperature of a quarter of said animal, flow rate of milk, fat content of said milk, opacity of said milk, protein content of said milk, weight of said animal, milks temperature, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, for each individual animal, at least one member of a group consisting of the following is determined: quantity of the milk, quality of the milk and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein milking is stopped at such time as there has occurred at least one condition selected from a group consisting of: said animal has yielded a quantity of said milk substantially equal to the average quantity from previous makings, the flow of said milk has substantially decreased. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said milk quality is determinable from light transmission through said milk, specific gravity of said milk, amount of sugar in said milk, amount of fat in said milk, amount of protein in said milk, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein at least one of a group consisting of: said quality of said milk, said quantity of said milk, said quality of said milk as a function of time, said quantity of said milk as a function of time, changes in said quality of said milk, changes in said quantity of said milk, changes in said quality of said milk as a function of time, changes in said quantity of said milk as a function of time, and any combination thereof is storable in said processor. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one animal&#39;s position is selected from a group consisting of: the n th  cell within said system, xyz position within a predetermined region in said milking parlor, xyz position relative to a fixed object, xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, change in xyz position within said predetermined region in said milking parlor, change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, speed of change in xyz position within said predetermined region in said milking parlor, speed of change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, speed of change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system further comprises at least one mechanism for informing a user of at least one of a group consisting of: said at least one animal&#39;s position, change in said at least one animal&#39;s position, said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object, change in said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object; said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; change in said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; how said animal walks, change in how said animal walks, how fast said animal walks, change in how fast said animal walks, behavior of said animal, change in behavior of said animal, behavior pattern of said animal, change in behavior pattern of said animal, quantity of milk from said animal, quality of milk from said animal and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, based upon the location of said animal, an automatic entrance into and out of said milking parlor is provided. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, once a predetermined quantity of said milk is milked from said animal or after a predetermined amount of time, an automatic release of said animal from said milking parlor is provided. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said behavior of said animal is selected from a group of behaviors consisting of: fraction of time spent walking, change in fraction of time spent walking, fraction of time spent running, change in fraction of time spent running, limping, fraction of time spent lying down, change in fraction of time spent lying down, fraction of time spent standing, change in fraction of time spent standing, fraction of time spent eating, change in fraction of time spent eating, fraction of time spent drinking, change in fraction of time spent drinking, fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, change in fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, change in fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the behavior of said animal is identified as abnormal if at least one of said times changes by at least a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the behavior of said animal is identified as abnormal if at least one of said changes in times is greater than a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said behavior pattern of said animal is determinable from said behavior of said animal, from said temperature of said animal, from said temperature of said quarter of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said behavior pattern of said animal is selected from a group consisting of: animal behaves normally, animal in estrus, animal acts lame, animal acts listless, animal acts restless, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein at least one said mechanism for informing said user informs said user of the location of said animal with respect to the location of said user, thereby enabling said user to approach said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one mechanism for informing said user is selected from a group consisting of: a display within said milking parlor, a display in the vicinity of said milking parlor, a display in the vicinity of said locating means, a remote display, a display on a personally carryable device, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said personally carryable device is selected from a group consisting of a cellphone, a Bluetooth device, an earphone, a communication device attachable to the arm, a communication device attachable to the waist, a communication device attachable to a belt, a communication device attachable to a head, a communication device worn around the neck, a communication device worn on the hand, Google Glasses, a helmet comprising a communication device, a heads-up display, an EyeTap, a Golden-i, a virtual retinal display, a GlassUp, an iOptik, a beeper, a handheld computer, a personal digital assistant, a smartphone, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said display is selected from a member of a group consisting of: an e-mail, a text message, an image, an audible message, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, after completion of milking, release of an individual animal from its milking stall occurs in a manner selected from a group consisting of: milking of said individual animal is complete; milking of all animals in a predetermined group is complete, treatment of said individual animal is complete, treatment of all animals needing treatment is complete and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, for each said at least one animal, said system determines a member of a group consisting of: that said individual animal has entered said milking parlor, that said individual animal has entered a milking stall, the stall in which said individual animal is milked, that said individual animal has left the milking stall, that said individual animal has left said milking parlor, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, for each said at least one animal, said system determines a member of a group consisting of: the time said individual animal enters said milking parlor, the time said individual animal enters said milking stall, the time said individual animal leaves said milking stall, the time said individual animal leaves said milking parlor, the amount of time said individual animal is in said milking parlor, the amount of time said individual animal is in said milking stall, the amount of milk given by said individual animal, the number of animals in said milking parlor at any time, the location of said individual animal at any given time, the relative locations of at least two said animals, the distance between said individual animal and at least one other animal, the average distance between said individual animal and a predetermined group of animals, the average distance between two animals in said predetermined group of animals, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising means to communicate with a user at least one member of a group consisting of: identity of said animal, location of said animal, location of said animal as a function of time, location of said animal relative to said user, health status of said animal, behavioral status of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said health status is selected from a group consisting of: animal currently in normal condition, animal&#39;s condition currently not normal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said animal&#39;s condition is currently not normal for a reason selected from a group consisting of: abnormal temperature in said quarter of said udder, said quarter of said udder is inflamed, said quarter of said udder is abnormally swollen, said animal is lame, identity of lame limb, abnormal temperature of said animal, weight of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, animal is in estrus, amount of head-shaking of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said means to communicate with said user is selected from a group consisting of: said display, a paper record. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising an indicator mechanism such that said user can be notified that intervention is needed for at least one said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said intervention is needed for a reason selected from a group consisting of: animal&#39;s condition is currently not normal, milking completed, animal fighting, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said indicator is selected from a member of a group consisting of a visual indicator, an audible indicator, a tactile indicator, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is selected from a group consisting of a constant—pitch sound, a constant—loudness sound, a varying-pitch sound, a varying-loudness sound, a sound of a predetermined pattern, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is changeable depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is changeable as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said change in said audible indicator is selected from a group consisting of: said loudness of said audible indicator changes, said pitch of said audible indicator changes, the rapidity of change of said loudness changes, the rapidity of change of said pitch changes, the predetermined sound pattern changes and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is selected from a group consisting of light of a constant, predetermined color, a light with color varying in a predetermined manner, a light varying in brightness, light of a predetermined pattern and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is changeable depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is changeable as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said change in visual indicator is selected from a group consisting of: change in brightness of the indicator, change in color of the indicator, change in rapidity of brightness change, change in rapidity of color change, change in predetermined color pattern and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system is adapted to discontinue milking when the amount of milk removed from said cow is substantially equal to a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said predetermined amount is equal to the average of the amounts of milk produced by said animal during a plurality of milking sessions. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose a system for locating the position of at least one said animal within a predetermined region of space, said system comprising
         a. at least one identification means adapted to transmit at least one identification signal associated with said at least one animal;   b. at least one locating means adapted to generate at least one location signal associated with said at least one animal; and,   c. a data processing system in communication with said at least one identification means and said at least one locating means, adapted to analyze said signals, said analyzed signals comprising the position within said predetermined region of space of each said at least one animal as a function of time.       

     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said region of space is selected from a group consisting of: a milking parlor, headlock system, a barn, a shed, a field, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said position is at least one of n milking cells within said milking parlor, or n headlock cell within said headlock system, n is an integer greater than one. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system identifies said position of said at least one animal without use of location means associated with each of said n milking cells or n headlock cell. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with the same animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with different animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide the location of said animal within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system averages said location signals and provides said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system integrates multiple reading from either said animal and\or at least one adjacent animal over TIME to make a reliable estimation of said n cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein at least one said identification means is associated with each of said animals 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said association between said identification means and said animal is by means of a mechanism selected from a group consisting of a tag, a collar, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, an implantable transponder, a bolus, a microchip, an RFID tag, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said identification means is associated with said at least one animal by a means selected from a group consisting of: being worn on a collar, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, being worn on a body band, attached to said animal, implanted within said animal, held within said animal&#39;s digestive system, held within said animal&#39;s reproductive system, held within said animal&#39;s urinary system, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein movement of at least one said animal is trackable. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one locating means comprises at least one RF transmitter and at least one RF receiver. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one locating means comprises at least one ultra-wide-band (UWB) transmitter and at least one UWB receiver. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said animals are milking animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the type of animal is selected from a group consisting of cows, sheep, goats, horses, buffalo, bison, camels, donkeys, mules, swine, deer, elk, llamas, alpacas and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system further comprises sensors. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said sensors are located in a position selected from a group consisting of: on a milking robot, on a milking stall, on a cattle stall, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said sensors are selected from a group consisting of: heat sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors, fat sensors, protein sensors, light sensors, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said sensors measure body temperature of said animal, temperature of a quarter of said animal, flow rate of milk, fat content of said milk, opacity of said milk, protein content of said milk, weight of said animal, milks temperature and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, for each individual animal, at least one member of a group consisting of the following is determined: quantity of the milk, quality of the milk and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein milking is stopped at such time as there has occurred at least one condition selected from a group consisting of: said animal has yielded a quantity of said milk substantially equal to the average quantity from previous makings, the flow of said milk has substantially decreased. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said milk quality is determinable from light transmission through said milk, specific gravity of said milk, amount of sugar in said milk, amount of fat in said milk, amount of protein in said milk, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein at least one of a group consisting of: said quality of said milk, said quantity of said milk, said quality of said milk as a function of time, said quantity of said milk as a function of time, changes in said quality of said milk, changes in said quantity of said milk, changes in said quality of said milk as a function of time, changes in said quantity of said milk as a function of time, and any combination thereof is storable in said data processor. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one animal&#39;s position is selected from a group consisting of: the n th  cell within said system, xyz position within said predetermined region of space, xyz position relative to a fixed object, xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, change in xyz position within said predetermined region of space, change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, speed of change in xyz position within said predetermined region of space, speed of change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, speed of change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system further comprises a mechanism for informing a user of at least one of a group consisting of: said at least one animal&#39;s position, change in said at least one animal&#39;s position, said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object, change in said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object; said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; change in said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; how said animal walks, change in how said animal walks, how fast said animal walks, change in how fast said animal walks, behavior of said animal, change in behavior of said animal, behavior pattern of said animal, change in behavior pattern of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said behavior of said animal is selected from a group of behaviors consisting of: fraction of time spent walking, change in fraction of time spent walking, fraction of time spent running, change in fraction of time spent running, limping, fraction of time spent lying down, change in fraction of time spent lying down, fraction of time spent standing, change in fraction of time spent standing, fraction of time spent eating, change in fraction of time spent eating, fraction of time spent drinking, change in fraction of time spent drinking, fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, change in fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, change in fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the behavior of said animal is identified as abnormal if at least one of said times changes by at least a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the behavior of said animal is identified as abnormal if at least one of said changes in time is greater than a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said behavior pattern of said animal is determinable from said behavior of said animal, from said temperature of said animal, from said temperature of said quarter of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said behavior pattern of said animal is selected from a group consisting of: animal behaves normally, animal in estrus, animal acts lame, animal acts listless, animal acts restless, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said mechanism for informing said user informs said user of the location of said animal with respect to the location of said user, thereby enabling said user to approach said animal 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said mechanism for informing said user is selected from a group consisting of: a display in the vicinity of said predetermined space, a display in the vicinity of said locating means, a remote display, a display on a personally carryable device, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said personally carryable device is selected from a group consisting of a cellphone, a Bluetooth device, an earphone, a communication device attachable to the arm, a communication device attachable to the waist, a communication device attachable to a belt, a communication device attachable to a head, a communication device worn around the neck, a communication device worn on the hand, Google Glasses, a helmet comprising a communication device, a heads-up display, an EyeTap, a Golden-i, a virtual retinal display, a GlassUp, an iOptik, a beeper, a handheld computer, a personal digital assistant, a smartphone, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said display is selected from a member of a group consisting of: an e-mail, a text message, an image, an audible message, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, after completion of milking, release of an individual animal from its milking stall occurs in a manner selected from a group consisting of: milking of said individual animal is complete; milking of all animals in a predetermined group is complete, treatment of said individual animal is complete, treatment of all animals needing treatment is complete and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, for each said at least one animal, said system determines a member of a group consisting of: that said individual animal has entered said milking parlor, that said individual animal has entered a milking stall, the stall in which said individual animal is milked, that said individual animal has left the milking stall, that said individual animal has left said milking parlor, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, for each said at least one animal, said system determines a member of a group consisting of: the location of said individual animal at any given time, the relative locations of at least two said animals, the distance between said individual animal and at least one other animal, the average distance between said individual animal and a predetermined group of animals, the average distance between two animals in said predetermined group of animals, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, for each said at least one animal, said system determines a member of a group consisting of: the time said individual animal enters said milking parlor, the time said individual animal enters said milking stall, the time said individual animal leaves said milking stall, the time said individual animal leaves said milking parlor, the amount of time said individual animal is in the parlor, the amount of time said individual animal is in said milking stall, the amount of milk given by said individual animal, the number of animals in said milking parlor at any time, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising means to communicate with a user at least one member of a group consisting of: identity of said animal, location of said animal, location of said animal as a function of time, location of said animal relative to said user, health status of said animal, behavioral status of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said health status is selected from a group consisting of: animal currently in normal condition, animal&#39;s condition currently not normal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said animal&#39;s condition is currently not normal for a reason selected from a group consisting of: abnormal temperature in said quarter of said udder, said quarter of said udder is inflamed, said quarter of said udder is abnormally swollen, said animal is lame, identity of lame limb, abnormal temperature of said animal, weight of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, animal is in estrus, amount of head-shaking of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said means to communicate with said user is selected from a group consisting of: said display, a paper record. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising an indicator mechanism such that said user can be notified that intervention is needed for at least one said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said intervention is needed for a reason selected from a group consisting of: animal&#39;s condition is currently not normal, milking completed, animal fighting, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said indicator is selected from a member of a group consisting of a visual indicator, an audible indicator, a tactile indicator, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is selected from a group consisting of a constant—pitch sound, a constant—loudness sound, a varying-pitch sound, a varying-loudness sound, a sound of a predetermined pattern, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is changeable depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is changeable as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said change in said audible indicator is selected from a group consisting of: said loudness of said audible indicator changes, said pitch of said audible indicator changes, the rapidity of change of said loudness changes, the rapidity of change of said pitch changes, the predetermined sound pattern changes and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is selected from a group consisting of light of a constant, predetermined color, a light with color varying in a predetermined manner, a light varying in brightness, light of a predetermined pattern and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is changeable depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is changeable as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said change in visual indicator is selected from a group consisting of: change in brightness of the indicator, change in color of the indicator, change in rapidity of brightness change, change in rapidity of color change, change in predetermined color pattern, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system is adapted to discontinue milking when the amount of milk removed from said cow is substantially equal to a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said predetermined amount is equal to the average of the amounts of milk produced by said animal during a plurality of milking sessions. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose a method for locating the position of at least one animal in a headlock system having a plurality of n headlock cells, each of which cells adapted to enclose at least one animal; n is an integer greater than 1; said method comprising steps of:
         (a) providing a system for locating the position of at least one said animal, said system comprising: (i) at least one identification means adapted to transmit at least one identification signal associated with said at least one animal; at least one locating means adapted to generate at least one location signal associated with said at least one animal; and, (iii) a data processing system in communication with said at least one identification means and said at least one locating means, adapted to analyze said signals, said analyzed signals comprising the position within a predetermined region in said system of each of said at least one animal as a function of time;   (b) transmitting said at least one identification signal;   (c) generating said at least one location signal; and,   (d) analyzing said at least one identification signal and said at least one location signal;       

     thereby determining the position within a predetermined region in said system of each said at least one animal as a function of time. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said position is at least one of said n cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with the same animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with different animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide the location of said animal within said yokes (headlock) system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said yokes (headlock) system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system averages said location signals and provides said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said yokes (headlock) system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system integrates multiple reading from either said animal and\or at least one adjacent animal over TIME to make a reliable estimation of said n cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose a method for locating the position of at least one animal in a milking parlor having a plurality of n milking cells, each of said cells adapted to enclose at least one animal; n is an integer greater than 1; said method comprising steps of:
         a. providing a system for locating the position of at least one said animal, said system comprising
           i. at least one identification means adapted to transmit at least one identification signal associated with said at least one animal;   ii. at least one locating means adapted to generate at least one location signal associated with said at least one animal; and,   iii. a data processing system in communication with said at least one identification means and said at least one locating means, adapted to analyze said signals, said analyzed signals comprising the position within a predetermined region in said milking parlor of each of said at least one animals as a function of time;   
           b. transmitting said at least one identification signal;   c. generating said at least one location signal; and   d. analyzing said at least one identification signal and said at least one location signal, thereby determining the position within a predetermined region of said milking parlor of each said at least one animal as a function of time.       

     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said position is at least one of said n milking cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with the same animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with different animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide the location of said animal within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system averages said location signals and provides said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system integrates multiple reading from either said animal and\or at least one adjacent animal over TIME to make a reliable estimation of said n cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of identifying said position of said at least one animal without use of location means associated with each of said n milking cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of associating at least one said transmitter with each said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of providing said association between said transmitter and said animal by means of a mechanism selected from a group consisting of a tag, a collar, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, an implantable transponder, a bolus, a microchip, an RFID tag, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of associating said mechanism with said animal by a means selected from a group consisting of: being worn on a collar, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, being worn on a body band, attached to said animal, implanted within said animal, held within said animal&#39;s digestive system, held within said animal&#39;s reproductive system, held within said animal&#39;s urinary system, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of tracking movement of at least one said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said at least one locating means comprising least one RF transmitter and at least one RF receiver.It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said at least one locating means comprising least one ultra-wide-band (UWB) transmitter and at least one UWB receiver. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of determining each said at least one animal&#39;s position within approximately 20 cm. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said animals to be milking animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting the type of animal from a group consisting of cows, sheep, goats, horses, buffalo, bison, camels, donkeys, mules, swine, deer, elk, llamas, alpacas and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of providing said system with sensors. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of locating said sensors in a position selected from a group consisting of: on the milking robot, on the milking stall, on a cattle stall, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said sensors from a group consisting of: heat sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors, fat sensors, protein sensors, light sensors, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of measuring, with said sensors, body temperature of said animal, temperature of a quarter of said animal, flow rate of milk, milks temperature, fat content of said milk, opacity of said milk, protein content of said milk, weight of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of determining, for each individual animal, at least one member of a group consisting of: quantity of said milk, quality of said milk and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of stopping milking at such time as there has occurred at least one condition selected from a group consisting of: said animal has yielded a quantity of said milk substantially equal to the average quantity from previous milkings, the flow of said milk has substantially decreased. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of determining said milk quality from light transmission through said milk, specific gravity of said milk, amount of sugar in said milk, amount of fat in said milk, amount of protein in said milk, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of storing in said processor at least one of a group consisting of: said quality of said milk, said quantity of said milk, said quality of said milk as a function of time, said quantity of said milk as a function of time, changes in said quality of said milk, changes in said quantity of said milk, changes in said quality of said milk as a function of time, changes in said quantity of said milk as a function of time, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said at least one animal&#39;s position from a group consisting of: the n th  cell within said system, xyz position within said predetermined region of said milking parlor, xyz position relative to a fixed object, xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, change in xyz position within said predetermined region of said milking parlor, change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, speed of change in xyz position within said predetermined region of said milking parlor, speed of change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, speed of change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising astep of providing said system with a mechanism for informing a user of at least one of a group consisting of: said at least one animal&#39;s position, change in said at least one animal&#39;s position, said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object, change in said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object; said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; change in said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; how said animal walks, change in how said animal walks, how fast said animal walks, change in how fast said animal walks, behavior of said animal, change in behavior of said animal, behavior pattern of said animal, change in behavior pattern of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said behavior of said animal from a group of behaviors consisting of: fraction of time spent walking, change in fraction of time spent walking, fraction of time spent running, change in fraction of time spent running, limping, fraction of time spent lying down, change in fraction of time spent lying down, fraction of time spent standing, change in fraction of time spent standing, fraction of time spent eating, change in fraction of time spent eating, fraction of time spent drinking, change in fraction of time spent drinking, fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, change in fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, change in fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of identifying the behavior of said animal as abnormal if at least one of said times changes by more than a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of identifying the behavior of said animal as abnormal if at least one of said changes in time is greater than a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of determining said behavior pattern of said animal from said behavior of said animal, from said temperature of said animal, from said temperature of said quarter of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said behavior pattern of said animal from a group consisting of: animal behaves normally, animal in estrus, animal acts lame, animal acts listless, animal acts restless, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of informing said user of the location of said animal with respect to the location of said user, thereby enabling said user to approach said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said mechanism for informing said user from a group consisting of: a display in the vicinity of said transmitter, a display in the vicinity of said receiver, a remote display, a display on a personally carryable device, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said personally carryable device from a group consisting of a cellphone, a Bluetooth device, an earphone, a communication device attachable to the arm, a communication device attachable to the waist, a communication device attachable to a belt, a communication device attachable to a head, a communication device worn around the neck, a communication device worn on the hand, Google Glasses, a helmet comprising a communication device, a heads-up display, an EyeTap, a Golden-i, a virtual retinal display, a GlassUp, an iOptik, a beeper, a handheld computer, a personal digital assistant, a smartphone, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said display from a group consisting of: an e-mail, a text message, an image, an audible message, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of, after completion of milking, releasing an individual animal from its milking stall in a manner selected from a group consisting of: milking of said individual animal is complete; milking of all animals in a predetermined group is complete, treatment of said individual animal is complete, treatment of all animals needing treatment is complete and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of, for each said at least one animal, determining a member of a group consisting of: that said individual animal has entered said milking parlor, determining that said individual animal has entered a milking stall, determining the stall in which said individual animal is milked, determining that said individual animal has left the milking stall, determining that said individual animal has left said milking parlor and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of, for each said at least one animal, determining a member of a group consisting of: the time said individual animal enters said milking parlor, the time said individual animal enters said milking stall, the time said individual animal leaves said milking stall, the time said individual animal leaves said milking parlor, the amount of time said individual animal is in said milking parlor, the amount of time said individual animal is in said milking stall, the amount of milk given by said individual animal, the number of animals in said milking parlor at any time, the location of said individual animal at any given time, the relative locations of at least two said animals, the distance between said individual animal and at least one other animal, the average distance between said individual animal and a predetermined group of animals, the average distance between two animals in said predetermined group of animals, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of providing a means to communicate with a user at least one member of a group consisting of: identity of said animal, location of said animal, location of said animal as a function of time, location of said animal relative to said user, health status of said animal, behavioral status of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said health status from a group consisting of: animal currently in normal condition, animal&#39;s condition currently not normal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of determining that said animal&#39;s condition is currently not normal for a reason selected from a group consisting of: abnormal temperature in said quarter of said udder, said quarter of said udder is inflamed, said quarter of said udder is abnormally swollen, said animal is lame, identity of lame limb, abnormal temperature of said animal, weight of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, animal is in estrus, amount of head-shaking of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said means to communicate with said user from a group consisting of: said display, a paper record. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of providing an indicator mechanism such that said user can be notified that intervention is needed for at least one said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting the reason said intervention is needed from a group consisting of: animal&#39;s condition is currently not normal, milking completed, animal fighting, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said indicator from a member of a group consisting of: a visual indicator, an audible indicator, a tactile indicator, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said audible indicator from a group consisting of a constant—pitch sound, a constant—loudness sound, a varying-pitch sound, a varying-loudness sound, a sound of a predetermined pattern, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of changing said audible indicator depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of changing said audible indicator as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said change in said audible indicator from a group consisting of: said loudness of said audible indicator changes, said pitch of said audible indicator changes, the rapidity of change of said loudness changes, the rapidity of change of said pitch changes, the predetermined sound pattern changes and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said visual indicator from a group consisting of light of a constant, predetermined color, a light with color varying in a predetermined manner, a light varying in brightness, light of a predetermined pattern and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of changing said visual indicator depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of changing said visual indicator as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said change in visual indicator from a group consisting of: change in brightness of the indicator, change in color of the indicator, change in rapidity of brightness change, change in rapidity of color change, change in predetermined color pattern and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of discontinuing milking when the amount of milk removed from said cow is substantially equal to a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said predetermined amount to be equal to the average of the amounts of milk produced by said animal during a plurality of milking sessions. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose a method for locating the position of at least one animal in a within a predetermined region of space; said method comprising steps of:
         a. providing a system for locating the position of at least one said animal, said system comprising:
           i. at least one identification means adapted to transmit at least one identification signal associated with said at least one animal;   ii. at least one locating means adapted to generate at least one location signal associated with said at least one animal; and,   iii. a data processing system in communication with said at least one identification means and said at least one locating means, adapted to analyze said signals, said analyzed signals comprising the position within said predetermined region of space of each of said at least one animals as a function of time;   
           b. transmitting said at least one identification signal;   c. generating said at least one location signal; and   d. analyzing said at least one identification signal and said at least one location signal, thereby determining the position within said predetermined region of space of each said at least one animal as a function of time.       

     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said region of space from a group consisting of: a milking parlor, a yokes (headlock) system, a barn, a shed, a field, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said position is at least one of n milking cells within said milking parlor, or n yokes (headlock) cell within said yokes (headlock) system, n is an integer greater than one. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of identifying said position of said at least one animal without use of location means associated with each of said n milking cells or n yokes (headlock) cell. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with the same animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with different animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide the location of said animal within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system averages said location signals and provides said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said data processing system integrates multiple reading from either said animal and\or at least one adjacent animal over TIME to make a reliable estimation of said n cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of associating at least one said transmitter with each said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of providing said association between said transmitter and said animal by means of a mechanism selected from a group consisting of a tag, a collar, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, an implantable transponder, a bolus, a microchip, an RFID tag, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of associating said mechanism with said animal by a means selected from a group consisting of: being worn on a collar, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, being worn on a body band, attached to said animal, implanted within said animal, held within said animal&#39;s digestive system, held within said animal&#39;s reproductive system, held within said animal&#39;s urinary system, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of tracking movement of at least one said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, wherein said at least one locating means comprises at least one RF transmitter and at least one RF receiver. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said at least one locating means comprising least one ultra-wide-band (UWB) transmitter and at least one UWB receiver. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of determining each said at least one animal&#39;s position within approximately 20 cm. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said animals to be milking animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting the type of animal from a group consisting of cows, sheep, goats, horses, buffalo, bison, camels, donkeys, mules, swine, deer, elk, llamas, alpacas and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of providing said system with sensors. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of locating said sensors in a position selected from a group consisting of: on the milking robot, on the milking stall, on a cattle stall, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said sensors from a group consisting of: heat sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors, fat sensors, protein sensors, light sensors, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of measuring, with said sensors, body temperature of said animal, temperature of a quarter of said animal, flow rate of milk, milks temperature, fat content of said milk, opacity of said milk, protein content of said milk, weight of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of determining, for each individual animal, at least one member of a group consisting of: quantity of said milk, quality of said milk and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of stopping milking at such time as there has occurred at least one condition selected from a group consisting of: said animal has yielded a quantity of said milk substantially equal to the average quantity from previous milkings, the flow of said milk has substantially decreased. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of determining said milk quality from light transmission through said milk, specific gravity of said milk, amount of sugar in said milk, amount of fat in said milk, amount of protein in said milk, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of storing in said processor at least one of a group consisting of: said quality of said milk, said quantity of said milk, said quality of said milk as a function of time, said quantity of said milk as a function of time, changes in said quality of said milk, changes in said quantity of said milk, changes in said quality of said milk as a function of time, changes in said quantity of said milk as a function of time, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said at least one animal&#39;s position from a group consisting of: the nth cell within said system, xyz position within said predetermined region of said milking parlor, xyz position relative to a fixed object, xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, change in xyz position within said predetermined region of said milking parlor, change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, speed of change in xyz position within said predetermined region of said milking parlor, speed of change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, speed of change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of providing said system with a mechanism for informing a user of at least one of a group consisting of: said at least one animal&#39;s position, change in said at least one animal&#39;s position, said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object, change in said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object; said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; change in said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; how said animal walks, change in how said animal walks, how fast said animal walks, change in how fast said animal walks, behavior of said animal, change in behavior of said animal, behavior pattern of said animal, change in behavior pattern of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said behavior of said animal from a group of behaviors consisting of: fraction of time spent walking, change in fraction of time spent walking, fraction of time spent running, change in fraction of time spent running, limping, fraction of time spent lying down, change in fraction of time spent lying down, fraction of time spent standing, change in fraction of time spent standing, fraction of time spent eating, change in fraction of time spent eating, fraction of time spent drinking, change in fraction of time spent drinking, fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, change in fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, change in fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of identifying the behavior of said animal as abnormal if at least one of said times changes by at least a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of identifying the behavior of said animal as abnormal if at least one of said changes in time is greater than a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of determining said behavior pattern of said animal from said behavior of said animal, from said temperature of said animal, from said temperature of said quarter of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said behavior pattern of said animal from a group consisting of: animal behaves normally, animal in estrus, animal acts lame, animal acts listless, animal acts restless, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of informing said user of the location of said animal with respect to the location of said user, thereby enabling said user to approach said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said mechanism for informing said user from a group consisting of: a display in the vicinity of said transmitter, a display in the vicinity of said receiver, a remote display, a display on a personally carryable device, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said personally carryable device from a group consisting of a cellphone, a Bluetooth device, an earphone, a communication device attachable to the arm, a communication device attachable to the waist, a communication device attachable to a belt, a communication device attachable to a head, a communication device worn around the neck, a communication device worn on the hand, Google Glasses, a helmet comprising a communication device, a heads-up display, an EyeTap, a Golden-i, a virtual retinal display, a GlassUp, an iOptik, a beeper, a handheld computer, a personal digital assistant, a smartphone, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said display from a group consisting of: an e-mail, a text message, an image, an audible message, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of, after completion of milking, releasing an individual animal from its milking stall in a manner selected from a group consisting of: milking of said individual animal is complete; milking of all animals in a predetermined group is complete, treatment of said individual animal is complete, treatment of all animals needing treatment is complete and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of, for each said at least one animal, determining a member of a group consisting of: that said individual animal has entered said milking parlor, determining that said individual animal has entered a milking stall, determining the stall in which said individual animal is milked, determining that said individual animal has left the milking stall, determining that said individual animal has left said milking parlor and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of, for each said at least one animal, determining a member of a group consisting of: the location of said individual animal at any given time, the relative locations of at least two said animals, the distance between said individual animal and at least one other animal, the average distance between said individual animal and a predetermined group of animals, the average distance between two animals in said predetermined group of animals, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of, for each said at least one animal, determining a member of a group consisting of: the time said individual animal enters said milking parlor, the time said individual animal enters said milking stall, the time said individual animal leaves said milking stall, the time said individual animal leaves said milking parlor, the amount of time said individual animal is in said milking parlor, the amount of time said individual animal is in said milking stall, the amount of milk given by said individual animal, the number of animals in said milking parlor at any time, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of providing a means to communicate with a user at least one member of a group consisting of: identity of said animal, location of said animal, location of said animal as a function of time, location of said animal relative to said user, health status of said animal, behavioral status of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said health status from a group consisting of: animal currently in normal condition, animal&#39;s condition currently not normal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of determining that said animal&#39;s condition is currently not normal for a reason selected from a group consisting of: abnormal temperature in said quarter of said udder, said quarter of said udder is inflamed, said quarter of said udder is abnormally swollen, said animal is lame, identity of lame limb, abnormal temperature of said animal, weight of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, animal is in estrus, amount of head-shaking of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said means to communicate with said user from a group consisting of: said display, a paper record. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of providing an indicator mechanism such that said user can be notified that intervention is needed for at least one said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting the reason said intervention is needed from a group consisting of: animal&#39;s condition is currently not normal, milking completed, animal fighting, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said indicator from a member of a group consisting of: a visual indicator, an audible indicator, a tactile indicator, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said audible indicator from a group consisting of a constant—pitch sound, a constant—loudness sound, a varying-pitch sound, a varying-loudness sound, a sound of a predetermined pattern, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of changing said audible indicator depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of changing said audible indicator as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said change in said audible indicator from a group consisting of: said loudness of said audible indicator changes, said pitch of said audible indicator changes, the rapidity of change of said loudness changes, the rapidity of change of said pitch changes, the predetermined sound pattern changes and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said visual indicator from a group consisting of light of a constant, predetermined color, a light with color varying in a predetermined manner, a light varying in brightness, light of a predetermined pattern and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of changing said visual indicator depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of changing said visual indicator as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said change in visual indicator from a group consisting of: change in brightness of the indicator, change in color of the indicator, change in rapidity of brightness change, change in rapidity of color change, change in predetermined color pattern and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of discontinuing milking when the amount of milk removed from said cow is substantially equal to a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising a step of selecting said predetermined amount to be equal to the average of the amounts of milk produced by said animal during a plurality of milking sessions. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising an animal retrieval system comprising:
         a. (a) at least one elevated rail placed at a height unreachable by said animal and at least one trolley translatable at least along said rail, and (b) at least one low-level mobile maneuvering device, said low-level mobile maneuvering device adapted to move along at least one of a group consisting of a floor and the ground, and at least one trolley attachable to said low-level mobile maneuvering device; and   b. at least one animal stimulating device operative to stimulate said animal to move towards a desired location, said animal stimulating device attachable to said maneuvering device.       

     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising (a) at least one motor propelling the trolley along the rail; and (b) at least one controller operative to activate said motor. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising at least one transmitter/receiver operative to receive information from and transmit information to said system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said animal stimulating device is selected from a group consisting of a speaker, a low voltage electrical conducting wire, an air gun, a rotating bullwhip, a water gun, a soft ball on a tether, said animal driving fence and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said trolley additionally comprises a member of a group selected from a carrier arm, an air compressor and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said carrier arm is an articulated arm including at least two segments connected to each other by a joint. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said carrier arm segments are either connected to each other at a fixed angle or are rotatably moveable relative to each other. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein at least one carrier arm segment is a telescopic arm segment. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally adapted to: drive said trolley to the location of said animal; activate said animal stimulation device; and stimulate said animal so as to urge said animal to move towards a desired location. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally adapted to: receive a destination location for the animal; and automatically drive said animal from its current location to said destination location. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said trolley is also translatable across a bridge between two or more elevated rails, said bridge being translatable along said rails. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said desired location is at least one of a milking parlor, a gateway, a chute, a pathway and a truck. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said trolley has hovering capabilities and is at least partially independent of said rails. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising a cow latching mechanism including a latch reversibly engageable with a latch receiver attached to a collar of a cow. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said latch receiving mechanism is a magnet and the latch is an electromagnet. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said latch receiving mechanism is a bearing attached to a cow collar and the latch is hook closed with a bias-controlled tongue. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said latch and said latch receiving mechanism are operative to detach from each other so as to prevent injury to cow should said cow begin to resist and to develop aberrant behavior. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally adapted to activate said cow retrieval system functionality. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally adapted to perform a member of a group consisting of: generate an alert, activate system functionality and any combination thereof in at least one circumstance selected from a group consisting of: a cow is identified as missing from said milking parlor during a predetermined time slot; a cow is statistically late or missing from the milking parlor; a daily milking schedule of the dairy farm resident cows determines that a cow should be moved to the milking parlor, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein a real time image of said cows is displayed. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein pressure on an image of a cow activates said system retrieval functionality so as to initiate retrieval of said selected cow. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said stationary cow is identified and marked by means of at least one of a group consisting of pressure on a location on a touchscreen, pressure on at least one key of a keyboard, motion of a mouse and motion of a joystick. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said marking automatically activates the system retrieval functionality to initiate retrieval of said selected cow. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said trolley further comprises a water reservoir. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the shape of said cow driving fence is selected from a group consisting of: flat, in the form of a semi-circle or in the form of a complete circle that completely surroundings said cow when lowered. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said low-level maneuvering device is movable on a member of a group selected from: at least one wheel and an air-cushion levitation device, a magnetic levitation device, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising steps of:
         a. providing a cow retrieval system comprising:
           i.a maneuvering device selected from a group consisting of: (a) at least one elevated rail placed at a height unreachable by said animal and at least one trolley translatable at least along said rail, and (b) at least one low-level mobile maneuvering device, said low-level mobile maneuvering device adapted to move along at least one of a group consisting of a floor and the ground, and at least one trolley attachable to said low-level mobile maneuvering device; and   ii.at least one animal stimulating device;   
           b. maneuvering said maneuvering device so as to bring it to the location of said animal;   c. verifying said location of said animal;   d. activating said animal stimulating device; and   e. stimulating said animal, thereby urging said animal to move towards a predetermined location.       

     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising steps of:
         a. providing a cow retrieval system comprising:
           i.(a) at least one elevated rail placed at a height unreachable by said animal and at least one trolley translatable at least along said rail, and (b) at least one low-level mobile maneuvering device, said low-level mobile maneuvering device adapted to move along at least one of a group consisting of a floor and the ground, and at least one trolley attachable to said low-level mobile maneuvering device; and   ii. at least one animal stimulating device;   
           b. receiving a destination location for said animal;   c. maneuvering said maneuvering device so as to bring it to the location of said animal;   d. maneuvering said maneuvering device so as to induce said animal to move from its current location to said destination location.       

     It is lastly an object of the present invention to disclose the method as defined above, additionally comprising steps of activating the cow retrieval system functionality at such time as there occurs a circumstance selected from a group consisting of:
         a. a cow is identified as missing from a milking parlor during a predetermined time slot;   b. a cow is identified as statistically late or missing from said milking parlor; and   c. according to a daily milking schedule for said cow, it is the predetermined time for milking said cow.       

    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       In order to better understand the invention and its implementation in practice, a plurality of embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein 
         FIG. 1 a -1 b    schematically illustrates a yokes (headlock) system and a milking parlor in 
         FIG. 2  is a simplified illustration of an embodiment of an automatic animal retrieval system as viewed from above; 
         FIG. 3  is a simplified illustration of an embodiment of an automatic animal retrieval system as viewed from above; 
         FIG. 4  is a simplified diagram of an embodiment of a trolley; 
         FIGS. 5A-G  are elevated side-view simplified illustrations of an embodiment of cow stimulating devices; 
         FIGS. 6A-B  are side view simplified illustrations of an embodiment of a carrier arm; 
         FIGS. 7A-C  are simplified illustrations of an embodiment of a trolley and stimulating device; 
         FIGS. 8A-D  are simplified illustrations of an embodiment of a trolley and stimulating device; 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram of an embodiment of an automatic retrieval of a cow by the automatic animal retrieval system; 
         FIG. 10  is a flowchart of alert generation and activation of an embodiment of the automatic animal retrieval system; and 
         FIGS. 11A-B  are simplified illustrations of an embodiment of displays of a system computer. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The following description is provided, alongside all chapters of the present invention, so as to enable any person skilled in the art to make use of said invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventor of carrying out this invention. Various modifications, however, will remain apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present invention have been defined specifically to provide a means and method for identifying and locating livestock. 
     The term ‘plurality’ hereinafter refers to any number greater than one. 
     The term ‘approximately’ hereinafter refers to a value within  25 % of the nominal value. 
     The term ‘cow’ hereinafter refers to any mammal generally kept in herds, including, but not limited to, cows, sheep, goats, buffalo, bison, horses, donkeys, mules, swine, deer, elk, llamas, alpacas and camels. 
     The term ‘yoke system’ hereinafter refer to a system which comprises n yoke cells; where n is an integer higher than 1. Each yoke cell is used to restrain at least one animal (e.g., cow). i.e., to lock at least one animal for purposes of eating, providing treatment to the same etc. Each yoke cell will be referred hereinafter as headlock as well. 
     The term ‘headlock’ hereinafter refer to any means adapted to restrain at least one animal (e.g., cow). Each headlock cell will be referred hereinafter as yoke as well. 
     The terms ‘milking cell’ and ‘milking stall’ hereinafter refer to a defined area large enough to accommodate one animal, within which the animal is milked. Milking cell and milking stall, as used herein, are synonymous. 
     The term ‘milking parlor’ hereinafter refers to a defined area within which milking animals such as cows are milked. Typically, milking parlors comprise entry holding areas, milking stalls and exit holding areas, although the entry and exit holding areas cam be the same or can overlap. 
     The term ‘cell’ hereinafter refers to a defined volume large enough to accommodate an animal. A cell can comprise a milking cell, a yoke or yoke cell, a headlock or headlock cell, a stall, or any other means of restraining an animal at a known location. A cell can also be a defined region of space such as a milking point or other defined region of space in which the animals should remain. For non-limiting example, in milking parlors with milking points, the milking equipment is spaced such that, when the animals stand with their sides adjacent to each other, each cow can be connected to milking equipment. A milking point and, therefore, a cell is then the cow position associated with a set of milking equipment. 
     The term ‘locating means’ hereinafter refers to any means of identifying the position of an animal. Locating means include, but are not limited to, RFID tags and RFID readers, coded IR tags and IR sensors, dumb tags and optical readers, and ultrawide band transmitter-receivers. 
     The term ‘identification means’ hereinafter refers to any means of uniquely identifying an individual animal, typically by means of an animal identification number. The identification means can be, but is not limited to, an RFID tag comprising the animal identifier, a coded IR tag comprising the animal identifier, a “dumb” tag into which the identifying number is embossed or onto which the identifying number is painted, or a number tattooed in a cow&#39;s ear. 
     The term ‘quarter’ hereinafter refers to the portion of the udder associated with a single teat. Cows, bison, buffalo, deer and camels normally have four quarters, sheep, goats, and horses normally have two. 
     The term ‘personally carryable device’ hereinafter refers to any device held in the hand, worn on or in the clothing or attached to the body. Non-limiting examples of hand-held devices include mobile phones, cellphones, Bluetooth earphones, communication devices attachable to the arm, communication devices attachable to the waist, communication devices attachable to a belt, communication devices attachable to a head, communication devices worn around the neck, communication devices worn on the hand, Google Glasses, helmets comprising a communication device, heads-up displays, EyeTaps, Golden-is, virtual retinal displays, GlassUps, iOptiks, beepers, either kept in a pocket or worn on a belt or around the neck, handheld computers, personal digital assistants, smartphones and any combination thereof. 
     The term ‘rail’ hereinafter refers to any construction operative to allow bi-directional translation of a trolley therealong, placed at a height unreachable by a cow, e.g., a rod, a cable, a rope, etc. 
     In all figures herein, identical numbers refer to analogous parts. 
     The prior art discloses systems in which there exist identification means on each cow and location means on each milking cell or other animal holding cell such as a stall or pen. 
     In prior-art systems, typically, matched identification means and location means are used. Typical examples include an RFID tag on the animal and an RFID reader in the cell, a coded IR emitting tag on the animal and an IR sensor in the cell, a “dumb” tag on the animal and an optical reader in the cell, although there are many other such systems known in the art. 
     In all of these systems, when a cow enters a cell, the location means (such as the RFID reader) in the cell reads the identification means (such as the RFID tag) on the animal, thereby identifying that a specific animal has entered a specific cell. 
     According to this embodiment, there is no need for the location means on each milking cell. 
     However, in prior-art systems, every time the layout of a milking parlor is changed, the location means must be changed to match the new layout. This will involve some combination of moving the location means, re-wiring the milking parlor, and, if the number of cells in increased, providing new location means. Care will need to be taken that the location means do not interfere with each other and that structures in the milking parlor do not interfere with the operation of the location means. For example, care would need to be taken to ensure that nothing blocked the line-of-sight between a “dumb” tag on the animal and an optical reader in the cell. 
     In addition, care will need to be taken that the new location means are compatible with the rest of the system. 
     In the present system, the locations of the animals can be found without use of location means associated with each of the n milking cells. In contrast to the prior art, in preferred embodiments of the present system, there is a single location means which identifies the locations of all of the animals. The system is not limited to a single location means; however, the number of location means is not large. 
     In the present system, the location means covers an area substantially larger than a single milking pen, for example, an entire milking parlor or all of the milking cells within a milking parlor. Other examples include, but are not limited to, the interior of a barn, the area of stalls within a barn, the area of a pen within the barn, or the area of an outdoor field or an outdoor pen. 
     The present system further comprises a data processor in communication with the location means and, in some embodiments, the data processor is in communication with the identification means on the animal. Thus, in embodiments with data processor in communication with the identification means the system can inform the farmer, stock keeper or other user that, at the present time, a specific cow, for example cow no  123456  (as identified by the identification means), is located in a specified area for example, cell number  5  (as located by the location means). 
     The data processor is further in communication with display means adapted to inform a stock keeper or other user of data about the animal, such as the identity of the animals in the milking cells. 
     The data processor further comprises means, such as a database, for storing the locations of and the identities of the animals. 
     The system is a real-time system, in that it real-time updates the locations of the animals within the area covered by the location means. For example, for a milking parlor, as each animal enters a milking cell, the system recognizes that the animal has entered a cell and which cell it has entered and updates any databases or displays accordingly. When the animal leaves the cell, for example after milking has finished, the system will recognize that that animal has left that cell and will again update any databases and displays. This enables stock keepers to be aware at all times of the locations of the animals and, therefore, of the progress of milking. 
     In preferred embodiments of a system wherein the movements of cows are tracked in a milking parlor, the milking stall used by each cow can be identified so that, for example, for each cow, the amount of milk given is known and is attributable to the correct cow. 
     Farmers also desire to track cows&#39; movements in barns, pens or fields in order to determine the cows&#39; status; unusual behavior can indicate unwellness in the animal and the sooner an unwell animal is identified and treated, the more likely it is that the animal will show good recovery and, in general, the smaller will be the cost of the treatment. Furthermore, the more quickly the animal is treated, the smaller the likely effect on the animal&#39;s milk production. Unusual behavior can also indicate problems within a herd, such as two animals fighting or dangerous animals, such as dogs, too close to the cows. 
     Since the present system requires only one or, at most, a small number of locating means, embodiments of the present system can be installed in barns, pens or fields and can track the cows&#39; movements therein in real time and thereby, using the data processing system and the display system, enable the farmer, stock keeper or other user to be apprised in real time of the status of each animal 
     The system of the present invention preferably comprises, for the location means, an ultra wide band (UWB) transmitter-receiver system with at least one transmission antenna and at least one receiver antenna adapted track the location of animals and, in some embodiments, identify the animals, for example cows, so that, for non-limiting example, their progress through a milking parlor can be followed. In other embodiments, other transmitter-receiver systems, such as are known in the art, can be used to locate the animals. 
     In some embodiments, the location means and the identification means are separate. In such embodiments, one system, for non-limiting example, a UWB transmitter-receiver system, determines the location of each animal, while a second system, for non-limiting example, RFID tags and an RFID reader, determines the identities of the animals. 
     UWB systems use signals of very low spectral density that extend over a very wide frequency range. Ultra wideband transmissions typically operate in the range 3.1 GHz up to 10.6 GHz, at a limited transmit power of −41 dBm/MHz. In addition, the transmissions typically either occupy a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz, or have a bandwidth of at least 20% of the centre frequency, or both. For example, a transmission with a center frequency of 6 GHz, would have a bandwidth of at least 1.2 GHz. 
     The advantages of UWB technology for a locating means are (1) that a system comprising one transmitter and one receiver can accurately locate a plurality of animals, even when the animals are moving; (2) the locating means is relatively insensitive to obstacles—at worst it will identify the obstacles as animals, at best, because of the wide bandwidth, the system will effectively see around the obstacles; the obstacles will effectively be invisible; and (3) UWB systems, because of their wide bandwidth, are relatively insensitive to multipath fading, which is loss of signal due to multiple reflections from objects between the transmitter and the receiver. 
     UWB technology also provides a low-power system, both in the sense that the total amount of power in the signal is relatively small, and in the sense that the amount of power per MHz of bandwidth is small, so that the UWB transmissions will not cause harmful interference to other radio transmissions using traditional carrier-based techniques. 
     In fact, the actual energy density of the transmissions themselves can be less that the unintentional or spurious radiation levels from a typical PC. Typically, a DS UWB transmitter will transmit less than 75 nanowatts per Megahertz. This means that, when integrated over the total bandwidth of the transmission, the transmissions may only be around 0.25 milliwatts, much smaller than 802.11-type transmissions that are typically between 25 and 100 mW, or Bluetooth transmissions are typically between 1 mW and 1 W. 
       FIG. 1 a    schematically illustrates a yokes (headlock) system ( 1100 ). Cows ( 110 ) can enter ( 110 - 1 ) and leave ( 110 - 2 ) the system. 
     A plurality of n yokes cells ( 1110 ) are available; each cow ( 110 ) is contained within a yoke cell within the system ( 1110 ). 
     In this embodiment, a transmitter ( 1130 ) is within the yokes system and a receiver ( 1140 ) is outside the same. 
     In other embodiments, the transmitter ( 1130 ) is outside the system ( 1100 ) and the receiver ( 1140 ) is within it. In yet other embodiments, both transmitter ( 1130 ) and receiver ( 1140 ) are within the yokes system ( 1100 ), and in still other embodiments, both transmitter ( 1130 ) and receiver ( 1140 ) are outside the yokes system ( 1100 ). 
     According to another embodiment, the transmitter ( 1130 ) and\or the receiver ( 1140 ) are used as location means adapted to generate at least one location signal associated with at least one of the cows. The location signal provides information as for the current location of said cow. 
     According to another embodiment, the a transmitter ( 1130 ) and\or the receiver ( 1140 ) are used as identification means adapted to transmit at least one identification signal associated with said at least one animal. For example, the cow number. 
     It should be emphasized that the location means is associated with the yokes system ( 1100 ) as a whole—it is not associated with the specific cells. In the exemplary embodiment shown, there is one transmitter and one receiver which provide coverage for the entire yokes system ( 1100 ); the locations of all the animals are determined simultaneously by means of the single transmitter and the single receiver. 
     Even in embodiments with more than one transmitter or receiver, the number of transmitters or receivers will be much smaller than the number of cells; at no time will each cell have its own location means. 
     It should also be noted that the location means can be associated with the cow number (or the identification means). 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system further comprises data processing system adapted to receive the location of each cow (or several cows) as well as the identification of the same (i.e., the cow&#39;s number) and to provide the user of the system with the information as for in which cell the cow is located as a function of time. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data processing system can receive the location of each cow (or several cows) as well as the identification of the same (i.e., the cow number) and average said location so as to provide the user of the system with the information as for in which cell the cow is located as a function of time. 
     Thus, it is an object of the present invention to disclose, in a yokes system having a plurality of n yokes cells, each of the n cells being adapted to enclose at least one animal; n is an integer greater than 1; a system for locating the position of at least one animal, the system comprising:
         a. at least one identification means adapted to transmit at least one identification signal associated with said at least one animal;   b. at least one locating means adapted to generate at least one location signal associated with said at least one animal; and   c. a data processing system in communication with said at least one identification means and said at least one locating means, adapted to analyze said signals, said analyzed signals comprising the position within a predetermined region in said yokes system of each of said at least one animals as a function of time.       

     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said position is at least one of said n cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with the same animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system is adapted to receive several of said location signals associated with different animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide the location of said animal within said yokes system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system, based on said location signals and said identification signal, is adapted to provide said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said yokes system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system averages said location signals and provides said n cell in which said animal is positioned within said yokes system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said data processing system integrates multiple reading from either said animal and\or at least one adjacent animal over TIME to make a reliable estimation of said n cells. 
     Such a feature is highly important as the cow may move its head (and the sensor) very near the cell/headlock border. 
     Furthermore, using the location of the adjacent cows may further assist in reliable headlock determination. For example if the location information indicate that cow # 10  is either in cell # 3  or cell # 4 . But cow # 20  is known to be in cell  4  than cow # 10  can be associated with cell # 3  with high reliability. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system identifies said position of said at least one animal without use of location means associated with each of said n cells. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein at least one said identification means is associated with each of said animals 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said association between said identification means and said animal is by means of a mechanism selected from a group consisting of a tag, a collar, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, an implantable transponder, a bolus, a microchip, an RFID tag, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said identification means is associated with said at least one animal by a means selected from a group consisting of: being worn on a collar, being coupled to the nasal area of said animal, collar, being worn on a body band, attached to said animal, implanted within said animal, held within said animal&#39;s digestive system, held within said animal&#39;s reproductive system, held within said animal&#39;s urinary system, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein movement of at least one said animal is trackable by means of said at least one identification means, said at least one locating means and said data processing system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one locating means comprises at least one RF transmitter and at least one RF receiver. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one locating means comprises at least one ultra-wide-band (UWB) transmitter and at least one UWB receiver. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said animals are milking animals. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the type of animal is selected from a group consisting of cows, sheep, goats, horses, buffalo, bison, camels, donkeys, mules, swine, deer, elk, llamas, alpacas and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one animal&#39;s position is selected from a group consisting of: the n th  cell within said yokes system, xyz position within a predetermined region in said yokes system, xyz position relative to a fixed object, xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, change in xyz position within said predetermined region in said yokes system, change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, speed of change in xyz position within said predetermined region in said yokes system, speed of change in xyz position relative to a fixed object, speed of change in xyz position relative to at least one other said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said system further comprises at least one mechanism for informing a user of at least one of a group consisting of: said at least one animal&#39;s position, change in said at least one animal&#39;s position, said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object, change in said animal&#39;s position with respect to a fixed object; said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; change in said animal&#39;s position relative to a moving object; how said animal walks, change in how said animal walks, how fast said animal walks, change in how fast said animal walks, behavior of said animal, change in behavior of said animal, behavior pattern of said animal, change in behavior pattern of said animal, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, based upon the location of said animal, an automatic entrance into and out of at least one of said n yoke cells is provided. 
     It should be pointed out that according to another embodiment of the present invention, if a cow that does not need handling (i.e., treatment) tries to enter the headlock, the same will prevent the cow from inserting its head into the same. As a result, the cow will move away and allow another cow to reach the headlock. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said behavior of said animal is selected from a group of behaviors consisting of: fraction of time spent walking, change in fraction of time spent walking, fraction of time spent running, change in fraction of time spent running, limping, fraction of time spent lying down, change in fraction of time spent lying down, fraction of time spent standing, change in fraction of time spent standing, fraction of time spent eating, change in fraction of time spent eating, fraction of time spent drinking, change in fraction of time spent drinking, fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, change in fraction of time spent at least one predetermined distance range from at least one other animal, fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, change in fraction of time spent in at least one predetermined position relative to at least one fixed object, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the behavior of said animal is identified as abnormal if at least one of said times changes by at least a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein the behavior of said animal is identified as abnormal if at least one of said changes in times is greater than a predetermined amount. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising at least one mechanism for informing said of the location of said animal with respect to the location of said user, thereby enabling said user to approach said animal 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said at least one mechanism for informing said user is selected from a group consisting of: a display within said system, a display in the vicinity of said system, a display in the vicinity of said locating means, a remote display, a display on a personally carryable device, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said personally carryable device is selected from a group consisting of a cellphone, a Bluetooth device, an earphone, a communication device attachable to the arm, a communication device attachable to the waist, a communication device attachable to a belt, a communication device attachable to a head, a communication device worn around the neck, a communication device worn on the hand, Google Glasses, a helmet comprising a communication device, a heads-up display, an EyeTap, a Golden-i, a virtual retinal display, a GlassUp, an iOptik, a beeper, a handheld computer, a personal digital assistant, a smartphone, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said display is selected from a member of a group consisting of: an e-mail, a text message, an image, an audible message, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising means to communicate with a user at least one member of a group consisting of: identity of said animal, location of said animal, location of said animal as a function of time, location of said animal relative to said user, health status of said animal, behavioral status of said animal, estrus status of said animal, treatment required to provide said animal and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said health status is selected from a group consisting of: animal currently in normal condition, animal&#39;s condition currently not normal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said animal&#39;s condition is currently not normal for a reason selected from a group consisting of: abnormal temperature in said quarter of said udder, said quarter of said udder is inflamed, said quarter of said udder is abnormally swollen, said animal is lame, identity of lame limb, abnormal temperature of said animal, weight of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, animal is in estrus, amount of head-shaking of said animal has changed by more than a predetermined amount, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said means to communicate with said user is selected from a group consisting of: said display, a paper record. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, additionally comprising an indicator mechanism such that said user can be notified that intervention is needed for at least one said animal. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said indicator is selected from a member of a group consisting of a visual indicator, an audible indicator, a tactile indicator, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is selected from a group consisting of a constant—pitch sound, a constant—loudness sound, a varying-pitch sound, a varying-loudness sound, a sound of a predetermined pattern, and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is changeable depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said audible indicator is changeable as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said change in said audible indicator is selected from a group consisting of: said loudness of said audible indicator changes, said pitch of said audible indicator changes, the rapidity of change of said loudness changes, the rapidity of change of said pitch changes, the predetermined sound pattern changes and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is selected from a group consisting of light of a constant, predetermined color, a light with color varying in a predetermined manner, a light varying in brightness, light of a predetermined pattern and any combination thereof. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is changeable depending on the reason for the intervention. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said visual indicator is changeable as the distance between said animal and a user changes. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein said change in visual indicator is selected from a group consisting of: change in brightness of the indicator, change in color of the indicator, change in rapidity of brightness change, change in rapidity of color change, change in predetermined color pattern and any combination thereof. 
     The following description will demonstrate a second use of the above mentioned system being used in milking parlor. 
       FIG. 1 b    schematically illustrates a milking parlor ( 1100 ) from above, with the roof removed for clarity. Cows ( 110 ) enter ( 110 - 1 ) the parlor to be milked and leave ( 110 - 2 ) the parlor after milking. A plurality of n milking stalls ( 1110 ) are available; each cow ( 110 ) is milked while it is in a stall ( 1110 ). In this embodiment, the transmitter ( 1130 ) is within the milking parlor and the receiver ( 1140 ) is outside the milking parlor. In other embodiments, the transmitter ( 1130 ) is outside the milking parlor and the receiver ( 1140 ) is within it. In yet other embodiments, both transmitter ( 1130 ) and receiver ( 1140 ) are within the milking parlor, and in still other embodiments, both transmitter ( 1130 ) and receiver ( 1140 ) are outside the milking parlor. 
     It should be emphasized that the location means is associated with the milking parlor as a whole—it is not associated with the specific cells. In the exemplary embodiment shown, there is one transmitter and one receiver which provide coverage for the entire milking parlor; the locations of all the animals are determined simultaneously by means of the single transmitter and the single receiver. 
     Even in embodiments with more than one transmitter or receiver, the number of transmitters or receivers will be much smaller than the number of cells; at no time will each cell have its own location means. 
     According to another embodiment, the transmitter ( 1130 ) and\or the receiver ( 1140 ) are used as location means adapted to generate at least one location signal associated with at least one of the cows. The location signal provides information as for the current location of said cow. 
     According to another embodiment, the a transmitter ( 1130 ) and\or the receiver ( 1140 ) are used as identification means adapted to transmit at least one identification signal associated with said at least one animal. For example, the cow&#39;s number. 
     It should be emphasized that the location means is associated with the yokes system ( 1100 ) as a whole—it is not associated with the specific cells. In the exemplary embodiment shown, there is one transmitter and one receiver which provide coverage for the entire yokes system ( 1100 ); the locations of all the animals are determined simultaneously by means of the single transmitter and the single receiver. 
     Even in embodiments with more than one transmitter or receiver, the number of transmitters or receivers will be much smaller than the number of cells; at no time will each cell have its own location means. 
     It should also be noted that the location means can be associated with the cow number (or the identification means). 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system further comprises data processing system adapted to receive the location of each cow (or several cows) as well as the identification of the same (i.e., the cow number) and to provide the user of the system with the information as for in which cell the cow is located as a function of time. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data processing system can receive the location of each cow (or several cows) as well as the identification of the same (i.e., the cow number) and average said location so as to provide the user of the system with the information as for in which cell the cow is located as a function of time. 
     In some embodiments of the system wherein the progress of cows through a milking parlor is tracked, preferably, the system will, at minimum, identify, for each cow in the herd, that it has entered the milking stall, the stall in which it is milked, and that it has left the milking stall. Other data that can be collected include, but are not limited to: that it has entered the milking parlor, the time it enters the milking parlor, the time it enters the milking stall, the time it leaves the milking stall, that it has left the milking parlor, the time it leaves the milking parlor, the amount of time spent in the parlor, the amount of time spent in the stall, the amount of milk given, the number of cows in the parlor at any time, the location of the cows at any given time, and the relative locations of the cows such as the closeness of individual cows to each other. 
     The system further comprises a data processing system to store these data and to analyze them. With the addition of sensors such as, for non-limiting example, heat sensors or pressure sensors, other data such as, but not limited to, the cow&#39;s temperature or weight or the udder temperature can be collected, attributed to the individual cow, and analyzed. 
     In some embodiments of the systems, the locations of the cows in the milking parlor are determined by the UWB locating means, without there being any need for identification means, either RFID or other smart tags or optically-readable identifiers, in the milking stalls or, in some embodiments, on the cows. In these embodiments, the UWB locating means determines the locations of the cows. Since the distance between stalls is known to the system, the stall the cow has entered can be determined. 
     In preferred embodiments of the system, each animal has a unique identifier, with the identification means which comprises the identifier at least semi-permanently associated with the animal. 
     The identification means can be a marking, such as a brand or tattoo inscribed into the animal&#39;s skin. It can be a tag, either a “dumb” tag or a smart tag. The tag can be optically, mechanically or electronically readable, or any combination thereof. A non-limiting example of an electronically-readable smart tag is an RFID tag. The tag can be attached to the animal such as, for non-limiting example, as an ear tag or a nose ring, or can be worn on the animal, for example, as part of or attached to a collar, halter, harness or belly band. The identification means can be implanted in the animal, for non-limiting example, as a microchip, or it can be held within the animal, for non-limiting example, as a bolus inside the animal&#39;s digestive system, its reproductive system, or its urinary system. Any combination of the above can be used as the identification means for the animal. 
     In some embodiments of the system, the milking robot comprises sensors to determine at least one of: the amount of milk given by the cow during the milking session and the quality of the milk. Milk quality can be determined from, for non-limiting example, light transmission through the milk, specific gravity of the milk, amount of sugar in the milk, amount of fat in the milk, amount of protein in the milk, and any combination thereof. 
     In embodiments of the system comprising an identification means for identifying individual cows, the quality and quantity of the milk can be tracked over time, so that increases or decreases in milk production can be identified. Sudden decreases in milk production, for example, can be the result of general ill-health in the animal. Decreases in milk production in a single nipple can result from either illness (such as, but not limited to, mastitis), or injury. In general, the sooner ill-health or injury is identified, the more effectively it can be treated. 
     In some embodiments, sensors on or near the milking robot measure the temperature of at least one location on the udder, and preferably measure the temperature of each quarter of the udder. In some variants, sensors on or near the milking robot or in or on the milking stall measure the body temperature of the cow. Abnormal temperatures can be indicators of general ill-health or of diseases of the udder, such as mastitis. 
     In some embodiments, pressure sensors in the milking stall measure the weight of the cow. Unusual changes in weight can indicate ill-health. 
     If suspected ill-health is determined, help can be provided more rapidly because the location of the animal is known; a caregiver such as a veterinarian can be informed which cow needs treatment or other intervention. Treatment or other intervention can be provided while the animal is in the stall or, since the system can track the cow after departure from the milking stall, treatment or intervention can alternatively or additionally be provided after the cow has left the stall. For non-limiting example, a stockman can intercept the animal as it leaves the milking parlor, intercept it within the milking parlor, or intercept it after it has left the milking parlor. 
     In some embodiments, the means of information is an audible or visual indication provided when a caregiver is within a predetermined distance of the cow needing intervention, thereby assisting the caregiver in tracking the animal. 
     In some embodiments, means of information is a hand-held or head-mounted device in communication with the data processing system; in others, the indicator is mounted within the milking parlor, for non-limiting example, on a wall or ceiling or on or in the fittings of the parlor. If the device is hand-held or mounted on the caregiver&#39;s body, the indicator can be tactile. 
     A visual indicator can be a light of a constant, predetermined color, a light with color varying in a predetermined color pattern, a light varying in brightness, light of a predetermined pattern such as a word or words and any combination thereof. The light can change in brightness or color, in rapidity of brightness change or rapidity of color change or the predetermined pattern can change (e.g., the words change) as the distance between the caregiver and the animal changes. 
     An audible indicator can be a constant—pitch sound, a constant—loudness sound, a varying-pitch sound, a varying-loudness sound, or a sound of a predetermined pattern such as, but not limited to, a voice message. The sound can change in loudness or pitch, in rapidity of loudness change or rapidity of pitch change, the predetermined sound pattern can change or any combination thereof as the distance between the caregiver and the animal changes. For non-limiting example, the predetermined sound patterns can be words such as “five feet”, “four feet”, “3 feet”, “2 feet”, and “one foot”. 
     In some embodiments, the indicator depends on the reason for the intervention. For non-limiting example, a lame animal could be indicated by a green light, an animal with a fever by a yellow light, an animal with inflamed udder by a blue light, an animal in estrus by an orange light, or animals fighting by a red light. Similarly, a lame animal could be indicated by a constant, low tone, an animal with a fever by a slow beep, an animal with inflamed udder by a fast beep, an animal in estrus by a two-tone beep and animals fighting by a loud, high-pitched fast beep. 
     Tactile warnings can also be provided. In some embodiments, vibration of a hand-held device can indicate to a user that intervention is needed, that a cow or cows has finished milking and should be released, that the user is approaching the correct cow (e.g., for intervention), or any combination thereof. 
     The indicator can be on a display, it can be on the animal, it can be part of a hand-held device and any combination thereof. 
     In some embodiments, after the cow has given the average amount of milk for a milking session, or a predetermined desired amount of milk, the milking robot will automatically release the cow from the robot. The average can be calculated from the amounts given by the same animal during previous unrestricted milking sessions. In other embodiments, milking continues until the flow rate of milk substantially decreases, for non-limiting example, the flow rate decreases by 50%, or by any other predetermined amount. 
     In some embodiments, the system additionally comprises a sensor, RFID tag or smart tag on each cow and can also include at least one of a light source or sound source. The at least one of a light source or sound source can be activated if the animal needs intervention. 
     In some embodiments, as described hereinabove, the light source or sound source can lead the caregiver to the animal. 
     In some embodiments, the light source or sound source can indicate, as described hereinabove, the nature of the animal&#39;s problem, for non-limiting example, by saying “hot udder” if a raised temperature is found in an udder, or “hot quarter” if only one quarter is hot. Many such phrases will be obvious to one skilled in the art. 
     In some embodiments, an identifier of the cow and/or the nature of the problem are shown on a display, which can be, for non-limiting example, on a wall in the milking parlor, on a display screen in the milking parlor, on a display screen at a remote location, on a hand-held device, or any combination thereof. 
     In some variants, the display can comprise an identifier of the cow and the amount of milk given. 
     Any combination of the above can be included in the display. 
     In some variants, each individual animal is released from the milking stall when milking is complete. In other embodiments, all animal are released at the same time, after milking of all animal is complete. In yet other embodiments, if an animal needs treatment, release of that animal is delayed until intervention, such as treatment, is complete, while other animals are released either as a group or when milking of an individual animal is complete. In still other embodiments, no animal is released until all cows needing intervention have been dealt with. 
     In some embodiments wherein animals are released individually, each time an animal is released and is permitted to leave the milking parlor, another animal is enabled to enter the milking parlor, enter a milking stall and be milked, so that animals, in general, enter individually and leave individually. In other embodiments, a new group of animals is enabled to enter the milking parlor only after all of the previous group has left the milking parlor. 
     In yet other embodiments, all cows needing intervention are kept in milking stalls until all animals not needing intervention have left the milking parlor. No new animals are permitted to enter the milking parlor until intervention has been completed for the retained animals and these animals have left the milking parlor. 
     Other combinations of allowing animals to enter the milking parlor, allowing animals to enter the milking stalls, allowing animals to leave the milking stalls and allowing animals to leave the milking parlor will be obvious to one skilled in the art. 
     In some embodiments, any combination of the following can be monitored: the way the animal walks, the time taken for the animal to move from the entrance to the milking parlor to the milking stall, the time taken for the animal to move from the milking stall to the exit from the milking parlor, whether the animal lies down, and the distance between any given animal and other animals. 
     Abnormalities in the way the animal walks and changes in the animal&#39;s walking pattern can indicate both systemic illnesses and local illnesses (e.g., lameness or udder inflammations). Abnormalities or changes in times taken to get to the milking stall or to leave the milking stall or the milking parlor can indicate illness, debility, or problems such as sore nipples. 
     Lying down for an unusual length of time or at an unusual time of day can, again, indicate illness or debility. 
     Changes in movement patterns can also indicate estrus. 
     Animals that are too close together can indicate estrus in one of them, or can indicate that the animals are fighting. 
     In some embodiments, the location means are placed in a barn, pen, milking parlor or field and the movements of the animals are tracked over longer time periods. In such embodiments, at least one of the following can be tracked: the position of the animal within the barn, pen, milking parlor or field, its position relative to a fixed object, and its position relative to at least one other animal. In preferred embodiments, these can be stored as an xyz position. 
     From these, in conjunction with the locations within the space of fixed objects, the following can be determined: the change in position of the animal, the change in its position relative to a fixed object, and the change in its position relative to at least one other animal, and the speed of change of the position of the animal, the speed of change in its position relative to a fixed object, and the speed of change in its position relative to at least one other animal can be found, as well as the way the animal walks, the speed of movement, how often the animal lies down and for how long, how often it goes to a drinking trough and how long it spends there, how often it goes to a food supply area such as a feeding trough or hayrick and how long it spends there, and how often it approaches other animals, how long it spends close to the other animal and how close it comes to the other animal. 
     In preferred embodiments, users can be informed of at least one of: the change in position of the animal, the change in its position relative to a fixed object, and the change in its position relative to at least one other animal, and the speed of change of the position of the animal, the speed of change in its position relative to a fixed object, and the speed of change in its position relative to at least one other animal can be found, as well as the way the animal walks, the speed of movement, how often the animal lies down and for how long, how often it goes to a drinking trough and how long it spends there, how often it goes to a food supply area such as a feeding trough or hayrick and how long it spends there, and how often it approaches other animals, how long it spends close to the other animal and how close it comes to the other animal. 
     From these data, at least one of the following can be determined: whether the animal is in estrus; whether it is involved in a fight; whether it is suffering from debility; how much it eats; how much it drinks; if there is more than one source of food (such as both hay and cattle feed), what it is eating; whether it is lame; whether it has an inflammation or soreness in or on the udder; whether it is ill (sick animals often go “off their food”), whether it is being attacked—if a number of animals are running in the same direction, it can indicate that a dog or other predator has entered the field where the animals are kept. 
     Abnormal behavior such as the above can be identified if the amount of time spent by the animal in performing any of the types of behavior indicated hereinabove changes by more than a predetermined amount. 
     In preferred embodiments, users can be informed of: whether the animal is in estrus; whether it is involved in a fight; whether it is suffering from debility; how much it eats; how much it drinks; if there is more than one source of food, what it is eating; whether it is lame; whether it has an inflammation or soreness in or on the udder; whether it is ill and whether it is being attacked, or any combination thereof. 
     In some embodiments, the system additionally comprises an automatic animal retrieval system, 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , which is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an automatic animal retrieval system  100  as viewed from above. In  FIG. 2 , the roof has been removed for the purpose of illustration and to reveal the retrieval system  100 . 
     A typical dairy farm cow shed  102  commonly includes one or more fenced-in lots  104  separated by a driveway  106 . A shed  102  commonly also includes support poles  108  supporting the roof (not shown). Cows  110  are free to move within lots  104 . 
     In some embodiments, system  100  comprises one or more elevated rails  112  suspended from the roof (not shown) or suspended from or attached to support poles  108  or from dedicated poles (not shown). 
     In other embodiments, system  100  comprises at least one low-level mobile maneuvering device. 
     The shed commonly is adjacent to and abutting a milking parlor or, alternatively, the shed includes a gateway and a chute or pathway leading to a milking parlor, a truck or any other location. One or more trolleys  114  can be translatable along rail  112  as indicated by white arrow  150  and/or be translatable across a bridge  116  between at least two rails, as indicated by black arrow  170 , bridge  116  itself being translatable along rail  112  as indicated by white arrow  150 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , a schematic illustration of another embodiment of an automatic animal retrieval system  100  is viewed from above. System  100  can comprise one or more pairs of rails  112  suspended from the roof (not shown) or suspended from or attached to support poles  108 . 
     As in  FIG. 2 , one or more trolleys  114  could be translatable along rails  112  and/or translatable across bridge  116  between at least two rails, which itself could be movable along rails  112  as indicated by corresponding black arrow  170  and white arrow  150 . 
     In embodiments with a low-level mobile maneuvering device, the low-level mobile maneuvering device is adapted to move along at least one of a group consisting of a floor and the ground. The low-level mobile maneuvering device is moveable across a floor or across the ground, using any conventional system, such as, but not limited to, at least one wheel, an air cushion levitation system, a magnetic levitation system, or any combination thereof, to enable it to move. The low-level mobile maneuvering system will also comprise means of locating obstacles in its path such as other animals or fixed objects. In some embodiments, the means of locating obstacles comprises at least one sensor; in other embodiments, the animal location system described hereinabove is used. In yet other embodiments, both are present. 
     Typically, the low-level mobile maneuvering system will be free-standing. Preferably, it will contain a power source and so will not need, during use a physical connection to any other device or object. Examples of connections not needed are power cables and fuel delivery hoses. 
     All embodiments of the maneuvering device will also comprise a cow stimulating device  132 , mounted on a trolley ( 114 ). The trolley can be built into or attachable to maneuvering device. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 4 , which is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a trolley  114 . Trolley  114  can carry a carrier arm  130  carrying a cow stimulating device  132  and can include one or more controllers  118  operative to activate a motor  120  propelling trolley  114  along rails  112 . Additionally and optionally, trolley  114  can include an air compressor  134 . Alternatively and optionally, compressed air can be supplied from a central compressor. 
     Trolley  114  also includes a transmitter/receiver  122  and an antenna  124  to receive information from and transmit information to the animal location system described hereinabove. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the animal location system, trolley  114  also comprises at least one cow  110  identification and verification device, such as an RFID reader  126  operative to read an RFID tag attached to cow  110 , a camera  128 , a barcode reader  129  or an optic sensor  131 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 5A-G , which show elevated side view schematic illustrations of several embodiments of cow stimulating devices  132 . Cow stimulating devices  132  shown in  FIGS. 5A-G  are designed to stimulate and urge a cow  110  ( FIGS. 1 and 2 ) to get up (when recumbent) and/or walk towards a desired location. In the following examples, a milking parlor is described as the desired location. However, such a location should not be read as limited to a milking parlor and could be understood as any location to which a farmer would commonly move a cow such as a milking parlor, a chute, a gate or any other similar location. 
     In some embodiments, trolley  114  of system  100  is adapted to follow a cow  110  not heading in the direction of the milking parlor, employing animal location systems as described hereinabove and further stimulating cow  110  to head in the correct direction by employing stimulation devices  132 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5A , a cow stimulation device  132  could include a speaker  136  generating sounds known to be disturbing to a cow. 
     Another example of a cow stimulation device  132 , depicted schematically in  FIG. 5B , is a low voltage electrical conducting wire  138  generating a low non-painful voltage upon contact with the cow sufficient to initiate getting up (when recumbent) and/or walking towards the milking parlor. 
     A third example of a cow stimulation device  132 , schematically illustrated in  FIG. 5C , is an air gun  140  operative to blow a stream of compressed air indicated by a grey arrow  450 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5D , in another embodiment, cow stimulation device  132  also includes a rotating bullwhip  142  attached to a horizontally rotating motor  470  so that when motor  470  slowly rotates, bullwhip  142  could gently whip a cow  110  recumbent or standing in close propinquity thereto. 
       FIG. 5E  depicts an embodiment similar to that shown in  FIG. 5C , however air gun  140  is replaced with a water gun  440  supplied from a water reservoir  460  via a water conduit  442 . Water reservoir  460  can be refilled when trolley  114  arrives at a docking station (not shown). 
     As shown in  FIG. 5F , stimulating device  132  could be a soft ball  470  attached to a tether  446  and propelled in a direction of a cow  110  from a propulsion ball gun  444 . Preferably, tether  446  of soft ball  470  can be pulled back into gun  444  to enable ball  470  to be reused as necessary. 
     Alternatively and optionally, and as shown schematically in  FIG. 5G , stimulation device  132  can be a cow driving fence  448  that could be lowered by a telescopic arm  130  behind a cow  110 . Translating trolley  114  can then drive a cow  110  in a desired direction. Cow driving fence  448  can be flat or in the form of a semi-circle as shown in  FIG. 5G . Alternatively and optionally, cow driving fence  448  can form a complete circle, completely surrounding a cow  110  when lowered by telescopic arm  130  around cow  110 . Driving fence  448  can be lowered so that the bottom margin thereof is at a height of approximately between 40 cm to 100 cm above ground level. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 6A-B , which are side view schematic illustrations of an embodiment of a carrier arm  530 . Carrier arm  530  can be an articulated arm including one or more segments  530 - 1  and  530 - 2  connected to each other by a joint  502 . Segments  530 - 1  and  530 - 2  can be connected to each other at a fixed angle or be rotatably moveable relative to each other as indicated by curved arrow  550  ( FIG. 6A ). The movement of segment  530 - 2  relative to segment  530 - 1  can be carried out by a motor such as a servo motor (not shown) in joint  502  controlled by controller  118  ( FIG. 4 ). 
     Additionally and optionally, segment  530 - 2  can be a telescopic arm operative to extend as shown by the double-ended arrow  570  in  FIG. 6B . Additionally and optionally, one or more of segments  530 - 1  and  530 - 2  can be telescopic, extendible and retractable as indicated by the double-ended arrow  570 . The extension and retraction of telescopic segments  530 - 1  and/or  530 - 2  can be carried out by a motor such as a servo motor (not shown) in segment  503 - 2  or joint  502  controlled by controller  118  ( FIG. 4 ). 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 7A-B , which are schematic illustrations of two embodiments of a trolley  114  and stimulating device  132 . System  100  can additionally and optionally include a cow identification verification device  602 . Such a device can identify an individual cow by, for example, capturing one or images thereof and/or identifying a tag  650  attached to a cow  110 . As depicted in  FIG. 7A , verification device  602  can be a camera  128  communicating an image of cow  110  to computer  118  in trolley  114  or, alternatively and optionally, a UPC (Universal Product Code) reader known as barcode reading device  129  operative to read a barcode placed, for example, on a cow  110  (e.g., on the cow&#39;s collar or nose) or stamped on a tag  650  attached to the cow. 
     Alternatively and optionally and as illustrated in  FIG. 7B , verification device  602  can be a receiver/transmitter  604  communicating with a tag  650  such as, for example, a low power consumption electronic tag such an Animal Transmit/Receive Unit (ARTU) described in Assignee&#39;s US Patent Application No. 2012/0112917. 
     An ARTU, as described in the above reference, can be housed in a mobile tag housing, such as tag  650  ( FIG. 7B ), having a cover and attached to or placed inside an animal to wirelessly receive/transmit data. The ARTU can include a source of power, such as a regular or rechargeable battery or any other source of power light in weight and small enough to enable it to be carried by or inside an animal. Such an ARTU can also be lightweight, small and have an average power consumption less than 0.5 mW. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7C , trolley  614  carrying stimulating device  132  can include hovering capabilities and be autonomous of rails  112  ( FIG. 2 ). Trolley  614  can include an electric motor  602  driving a rotor  604  controllable by controller  118  or remotely controllable by computer  125  via antenna  124 . Trolley  614  can also optionally include a horizontal obstacle detection device (not shown) enabling trolley  614  to automatically avoid obstacles such as poles, electric wires, etc. Trolley  614  can include all the above described stimulating devices  132  and an identification verification device such as an RFID reader  126 , a camera  128 , a barcode reader  129  and an optic sensor  131 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIGS. 8A-D , which are schematic illustrations of embodiments of a trolley and stimulating device. Arm  130  of trolley  114  can include a cow latching mechanism  750  including a latch  702  reversibly engageable with a latch receiver  704  attached to a collar of a cow. Latch  702  can engage with latch receiver  704  so as to tug on the collar of cow  110 , pulling, urging and driving cow  110  in the desired direction. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8C , cow latching mechanism  750  could be employed together with any one of the cow  110  stimulating devices  132  described above. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 8A-B , latch receiver  704  can be, for example, a magnet, whereas latch  702  can be, for example, an electromagnet controlled, for example by controller  118  in trolley  114  or remote computer  125 . The magnetic attraction forces generated between latch  702  and latch receiver  704  can be designed to enable tugging on cow  110  collar but operative to detach from each other should cow  110  begin to resist and develop aberrant behavior so as to prevent any injury to the cow  110 . 
       FIG. 8D  illustrates another example of a cow latching mechanism  760 . As shown in  FIG. 8D , latch  706  can be a hook closed with a bias-controlled or electrically controlled tongue  708 . Optionally, tongue  708  can be controlled by controller  118  or by computer  125 . Latch receiver  710  can be a ring attached to the collar of cow  110 . 
     Cow latching mechanism  760  can be designed to enable tugging on the collar of cow  110  but operative to allow latch  706  and latch receiver  710  to detach from each other should cow  110  begin to resist and develop aberrant behavior so as to prevent any injury to cow  110 . Optionally, latch receiver  710  can be designed to tear when stressed by forces greater than normal such as when cow  110  resists and develops aberrant behavior so as to prevent any injury to cow  110 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 9 , which is a block diagram of an embodiment of an automatic retrieval of a cow by a cow localization system such as described hereinabove in communication with automatic animal retrieval system  100 . Preferably, system  100  is adapted to receive the current location of the cow  110  (e.g., geographical coordinates or location on a predetermined map grid), receive a destination location for cow  110  (e.g., geographical coordinates or location on a predetermined map grid) and automatically drive cow  110  from the current location to the destination location. 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9 , when a cow  110  is recognized to be missing from the milking parlor ( 802 ), either automatically or by the dairy farmer, cow  110  identification data, such as barcode number or tag  650  identification information can be manually or automatically input into the cow localization system ( 804 ), which in turn localizes tag  650  or cow  110  ( 806 ). 
     Data regarding tag  650  identifying cow  110  location can be manually or automatically input into system  100  ( 806 ), computer  118  or, transmitted to computer  118  from remote computer  125  via transmitter/receiver  122 , which activates trolley  114  motor  120  propelling trolley  114  along elevated rails  112  driving trolley  114  carrying a carrier arm  130  and a cow stimulating device  132  to the location of cow  110  ( 808 ). Cow  110  identification is carried out by the cow localization system described hereinabove. 
     Upon arrival at the tag  650 /cow  110  location ( 810 ), cow  110  the localization system verifies ( 812 ) that the trolley has reached the correct cow. 
     Once verification is complete ( 816 ), the cow stimulation device ( 818 ) is activated to stimulate and urge cow  110  ( FIGS. 1 and 2 ) and, optionally, adjacent cows  110  to get up (when recumbent) and/or walk towards the milking parlor. Once cow  110  arrives in the milking parlor, the localization system verifies ( 820 ) that the cow has reached its destination. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 10 , which is a flowchart of an embodiment of alert generation and activation for automatic animal retrieval system  100 . An alert can be generated in several circumstances. 
     For example, a cow  110  can be identified missing from the milking parlor during the time slot dedicated to milking that specific cow ( 902 ). 
     Another example is a cow being statistically late or missing (i.e., skipping milking time slots) from the milking parlor ( 904 ). The processing system  125  can collect data over a period of time regarding the arrival of and milking of cow  110  at the milking parlor and can generate statistical information regarding cows regularly tardy or missing from the milking parlor. In a manually run dairy farm, farmers, for various reasons, often opt to allow these cows to skip their milking time slot, which cumulatively results in reduced milk production over time. This system of the present invention prevents loss of milk production by automatically retrieving obstinate cows. 
     A third example could be a daily milking schedule of the dairy farm&#39;s resident cows  110 , input manually or automatically into the system ( 906 ). The system can be adapted to identify and pair each cow  110  and its specific milking time slot and retrieve each cow  110  when its corresponding milking time slot approaches. 
     Any one or any combination of the above circumstances ( 902 ,  904  and  906 ) can generate a system alert ( 908 ). The system alert can be directly communicated to the farmer ( 910 ) who manually activates the cow retrieval functionality (block  912 ). Preferably, a generated system alert ( 908 ) automatically activates the cow retrieval functionality ( 912 ) and, optionally also alerts the farmer ( 910 ) (dashed line). 
     Reference is now made to  FIGS. 11A-B , which are schematic illustrations of an embodiment of a display  1002  of system  100  computer  125 . Display  1002  could be a touch-screen and display a real time image  1004  of cows  110  in the cowshed, for example, as captured from a camera located at the ceiling of the cowshed. A user can identify a group of cows such as cows  110 - 1 , facing an open gate  1006  (e.g., leading to a milking parlor) and an isolated cow  110 - 2  not facing the gate. A user can press on the image of cow  110 - 2  with a finger  1008 , depicted in  FIG. 11A  by broken lines, which can automatically activate the retrieval functionality of system  100  to retrieve selected cow  110 - 2 . 
     In another embodiment, shown schematically in  FIG. 11B , system  100  computer  125  can generate a graphic display of cows  110  in the cowshed. In the display in  FIG. 11 , moving cows  110 - 1  are depicted by having arrowheads, preferably indicating the direction of movement, whereas stationary cows  110 - 2  and cow  110 - 3  lack arrowheads. A user can identify and mark a stationary cow such as cow  110 - 3  with, for example, cross-hairs  1010 , employing a finger (e.g., on a touch screen) or by using keyboard arrows, a mouse or a joystick, which can automatically activate the retrieval functionality of system  100  to retrieve selected cow  110 - 2 . 
     It will also be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present method and apparatus are not limited to what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather, the scope of the method and apparatus includes both combinations and sub-combinations of various features described hereinabove as well as modifications and variations thereof which would occur to a person skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description and which are not in the prior art. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, based upon the location of said animal, an automatic entrance into and out of said milking parlor is provided. 
     It is another object of the present invention to disclose the system as defined above, wherein, once a predetermined quantity of said milk is milked from said animal or after a predetermined amount of time, an automatic release of said animal from said milking parlor is provided.