Patent Publication Number: US-6336874-B1

Title: Golf ball

Description:
This invention relates to a golf ball comprising a core and a cover of at least two layers, an inner and outer layer and more particularly, to a golf ball of such structure having an improved overall profile of performance including feel, durability, rebound, approach control and flight characteristics. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Many golf balls having different multilayer structures are known, for example, from JP-A 7-24084, 7-24085, 9-239067, and 9-239068. By tailoring their structure, these balls are improved in feel, durability and rebound. 
     JP-A 10-248955 discloses a two-piece solid golf ball comprising a solid core and a cover which is formed with a plurality of dimples in its surface. The plurality of dimples include at least three types of dimples which are different in diameter. The diameter (mm) divided by the depth (mm) of each dimple ranges from 18 to 27. The volume of each dimple divided by the volume of a cylinder whose diameter and height are equal to the diameter and depth of the dimple ranges from 0.390 to 0.550. 
     JP-A 10-151225 discloses a three-piece solid golf ball in which improvements in spin performance, feel and control with any type of club are attained by paying attention to the relationship of inertia moment to the ball structure and dimples. The ball has a high inertia moment, and the diameter/depth ratio of dimples is as low as about 17/1. 
     Since these proposals intend to improve the feel, durability and rebound of balls primarily by tailoring the ball structure, they fail to take full advantage of the spin performance and dimple aerodynamics having a significant influence on the flight following shots. Thus, there is room left for further improvement. 
     The prior art golf balls do not fully meet the demand of users that the balls satisfy the feel, rebound, durability and approach control requirements imposed on the ball structure and offer good flight performance following shots, and thus have an advanced overall profile of performance. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the invention is to provide an improved golf ball having an advanced overall profile of performance including a good feel, durability, rebound, approach control, and flight performance. 
     The invention is directed to a golf ball comprising a core and a cover of at least two layers around the core, the cover layers including the outermost layer which is formed with a plurality of dimples. It is understood that where the cover consists of two layers, an inner and outer layer, the outermost layer is simply referred to as the outer layer. In the case of a golf ball having a cover consisting of two layers, an inner and outer layer, for example, it has been found that (1) spin is correlated to the hardnesses of the cover inner and outer layers such that the ball receives more spin when the cover inner or outer layer is soft, and the ball is less susceptible to spin when both the cover inner and outer layers are hard; and that (2) when the product of the Shore D hardness of the cover inner layer multiplied by the Shore D hardness of the cover outer layer is large, setting the overall dimple volume relatively small is effective for increasing distance, and when the hardness product is small, setting the overall dimple volume relatively large is effective for increasing distance. 
     The invention provides a golf ball comprising a core and a cover of at least two layers around the core, the cover layers including the outermost layer which is formed with a plurality of dimples. The core has a hardness corresponding to a deflection of 3.0 to 6.0 mm under a load of 100 kg. The cover outermost layer has a Shore D hardness of 51 to less than 58. The product (A×B) of the Shore D hardness, represented by B, of the cover outermost layer multiplied by the Shore D hardness, represented by A, of a cover layer disposed inside and contiguous to the cover outermost layer is in the range of 1,500 to 4,000. It is understood that in the case of a cover consisting of inner and outer layers, the inside layer is the inner layer and in the case of a cover consisting of innermost, inner and outer layers, the inside layer is the inner layer. The plurality of dimples include at least three types of dimples which are different in diameter and have an average diameter (AD) and an average depth (AP) wherein the ratio (AD/AP) of the average diameter to the average depth is from 21/1 to 28/1. The overall dimple volume which is the sum of the volumes of all dimple spaces each defined below a plane circumscribed by a dimple edge is in the range of 270 to 350 mm 3 . Provided that X represents the product (A×B) of the Shore D hardness B of the cover outermost layer multiplied by the Shore D hardness A of a cover layer disposed inside and contiguous to the cover outermost layer, and Y represents the overall dimple volume, the following relationship is preferably met: 
     
       
           Y=− 0.03 X+b   
       
     
     wherein b is a number of 310 to 480 and Y is a number of 270 to 350. Upon full shots with a driver, the ball exhibits an optimum spin, a boring trajectory, improved flight characteristics and thus an increased distance. The ball satisfies the feel, durability, rebound (or restitution) and approach control requirements imposed on the ball structure and thus has an advanced overall profile of performance over the prior art. 
     In preferred embodiments, the core is formed of a rubber composition based on cis-1,4-polybutadiene; the golf ball has a hardness corresponding to a deflection of 2.3 to 4.0 mm under a load of 100 kg; and the total number of dimples is 370 to 450. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a golf ball according to one embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one dimple in the ball surface. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to FIG. 1, a golf ball according to one embodiment of the invention is illustrated as comprising a core  1  and a cover around the core  1 . The cover in this embodiment includes a cover inner layer  2  enclosing the core  1  and a cover outer layer  3  enclosing the inner layer  2 . These layers are concentric with the core. The cover outer layer  3  is formed with a plurality of dimples (not shown) in its surface. In another embodiment, the cover is of three-layer structure including innermost, inner and outer layers. 
     The core is formed of a rubber composition comprising polybutadiene as a base rubber. The polybutadiene used herein is preferably cis-1,4-polybutadiene containing at least 40% of cis structure. In the base rubber, another rubber component such as natural rubber, polyisoprene rubber or styrene-butadiene rubber may be blended with the polybutadiene if desired. Since resilience is improved by increasing the content of polybutadiene, the rubber component other than polybutadiene should preferably be less than about 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polybutadiene. 
     In the rubber composition, a crosslinking agent may be blended with the rubber component. Exemplary crosslinking agents are zinc and magnesium salts of unsaturated fatty acids such as zinc dimethacrylate and zinc diacrylate, and esters such as trimethylpropane methacrylate. Of these, zinc diacrylate is preferred because it can impart high resilience. The crosslinking agent is preferably used in an amount of about 15 to 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. Also a vulcanizing agent is generally blended in the rubber composition. Exemplary vulcanizing agents are dicumyl peroxide and mixtures of dicumyl peroxide and 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane. The vulcanizing agent is preferably used in an amount of about 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. In the rubber composition, antioxidants and specific gravity adjusting fillers such as zinc oxide and barium sulfate may be blended. The amount of such fillers blended is preferably 0 to about 130 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. 
     The rubber composition is obtained by kneading the above-mentioned components in a conventional mixer such as a kneader, Banbury mixer or roll mill. The resulting compound is molded in a mold by injection or compression molding. 
     The core is preferably formed to a diameter of 25 to 40 mm, more preferably 27 to 39 mm and a weight of 10 to 40 g, more preferably 15 to 35 g. 
     The core should have a hardness corresponding to a deflection of 3.0 to 6.0 mm under an applied load of 100 kg, preferably 3.0 to 5.5 mm, and more preferably 3.0 to 5.0 mm under a load of 100 kg. A deflection of less than 3.0 mm indicates a hard core, leading to a poor feel when hit. A deflection of more than 6.0 mm indicates a soft core, leading to a ball with less resilience. 
     The core is usually formed to a single layer structure from one material although it may also be formed to a two or multi-layer structure from different materials if desired. 
     According to the invention, the core is enclosed with a cover of at least two inner and outer layers, preferably two or three layers. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG.  1 , the cover consists of inner and outer layers  2  and  3 , which are successively formed around the core  1 . In the following description, reference is primarily made to the illustrated embodiment of FIG.  1 . The cover inner and outer layers are generally formed of cover stocks based on thermoplastic resins. Useful thermoplastic resins are ionomer resins, polyester elastomers, polyamide elastomers, polystyrene elastomers, polyurethane elastomers, polyolefin elastomers, and mixtures thereof. The ionomer resins are especially preferable and commercially available, for example, under the trade name of Himilan from Dupont-Mitsui Polychemical K.K. and Surlyn from E. I. duPont. If necessary, UV absorbers, antioxidants, and dispersants such as metal soaps may be added to the cover stocks. Similar cover stocks may be used when the cover is of three-layer structure. 
     According to the invention, the outermost layer (or outer layer in FIG. 1) of the cover has a Shore D hardness of 51 to less than 58, preferably 51 to 57, and more preferably 52 to 57. The cover outer layer with a too low Shore D hardness provides too much spin whereas the outer layer with a too high Shore D hardness provides too less spin, both failing to achieve optimum cooperation with the dimples. The cover inner layer preferably has a Shore D hardness of 20 to 70, and more preferably 25 to 65. 
     The cover inner and outer layers may be equal or different in Shore D hardness. Differently stated, either of the inner and outer layers may be softer than the other. The hardness difference between the inner and outer layers is selected as appropriate. Provided that the cover outermost (or outer) layer has a Shore D hardness B and a cover layer disposed inside and contiguous to the cover outermost layer (the inside layer being the inner layer in the illustrated embodiment having a two-layer cover of inner and outer layers, or the inner layer in the other embodiment having a three-layer cover of innermost, inner and outer layers) has a Shore D hardness A, the invention requires that the product of these hardnesses, A×B, be in the range of 1,500 to 4,000. The product A×B is preferably in the range of 2,000 to 4,000, and more preferably 2,000 to 3,600. A too small product A×B leads to too much spin whereas a too large product A×B leads to too less spin, both failing to attain the objects of the invention. Where the cover is of three-layer structure (innermost, inner and outer layers), it is preferred that the inner and outer layers have a Shore D hardness in the same range as above and the innermost layer has a Shore D hardness in the same range as the inner layer. 
     In enclosing the core with the cover of at least two layers, any desired molding method may be used. For example, injection molding or compression molding may be employed in a conventional manner. 
     No particular limits are imposed on the thickness of the cover inner and outer layers. Usually, the cover inner layer has a radial thickness or gage of 0.8 to 5.0 mm, and especially 1.0 to 3.0 mm; and the cover outer layer has a radial thickness or gage of 0.8 to 5.0 mm, and especially 1.0 to 4.0 mm. 
     In the golf ball of the invention, the cover outermost layer (which is the outer layer in the illustrated embodiment having a two-layer cover of inner and outer layers, or the outer layer in the other embodiment having a three-layer cover of innermost, inner and outer layers) is formed with a plurality of dimples. Typical dimples are circular in plane shape. As seen from the cross-sectional shape of FIG. 2, each dimple is a concave indentation having a bottom and a circular edge or top  5  where the dimple is connected to a land  4 . Preferably the curvilinear line of the concave indentation is deformed near the edge to define a rounded edge portion as shown in FIG.  2 . 
     The dimple has a diameter which is the distance D between the opposite edge points  5  (or the highest points) of the dimple where the dimple is joined to the land  4  (the ball surface where no dimple is formed). The dimple has a depth which is the vertical distance P from the center of an imaginary plane circumscribed by the dimple edge to the bottom (or deepest point) of the dimple. In most cases, the golf ball is surface coated with paint, wherein the diameter and depth of a dimple are those in the coated state. 
     The plurality of dimples include at least three types, preferably three to five types of dimples which are different in diameter. The dimple diameter is preferably in the range of 2.0 to 5.0 mm, more preferably 2.5 to 4.5 mm and the dimple depth is preferably in the range of 0.09 to 0.17 mm, more preferably 0.10 to 0.165 mm. The ratio of the average diameter (AD) to the average depth (AP) of dimples is from 21/1 to 28/1, preferably from 21.5/1 to 27.5/1, more preferably from 22/1 to 27.3/1. An AD/AP ratio of less than 21 causes the ball to take a rather dropping trajectory near landing whereas an AD/AP ratio of more than 28 causes the ball to follow a ballooning trajectory. 
     The average diameter (AD) of dimples used herein is represented by (D 1 +D 2 +. . . +D n )/n (mm) when n types of dimples having different diameters D 1 , D 2 , . . . D n  (mm) are included. The average depth (AP) of dimples used herein is represented by (P 1 +P 2 +. . . +P n )/n (mm) when n types of dimples having different depths P 1 , P 2 , . . . P n  (mm) are included. The average diameter (AD) and average depth (AP) are not related to the number of those dimples having the same diameter and depth. 
     The invention further requires that the overall dimple volume Vs be in the range of 270 to 350 mm 3 , preferably 270 to 330 mm 3 . The overall dimple volume Vs is the sum of the volumes of all dimple spaces each defined below a plane (depicted by broken lines in FIG. 2) circumscribed by the dimple edge. A too small value of Vs causes the ball to follow a rather ballooning trajectory whereas a too large value of Vs causes the ball to follow a nose-down trajectory and hence, a dropping trajectory. 
     Provided that X represents the product (A×B) of the Shore D hardness B of the cover outermost layer multiplied by the Shore D hardness A of a cover layer disposed inside the cover outermost layer, and Y represents the overall dimple volume (Y=Vs), the following relationship is met: 
     
       
           Y=− 0.03 X+b   
       
     
     wherein b is a number of 310 to 480, preferably 320 to 480, more preferably 330 to 470, and Y is a number of 270 to 350. 
     The above equation indicates that when the cover layer hardness product (A×B) has a smaller value, a relatively large overall dimple volume (Vs) is effective for producing spin and that with a larger value of (A×B), a relatively small overall dimple volume (Vs) is effective for producing spin. The overall dimple volume is independent of the cover layer hardness product (A×B), and the overall dimple volume is in a certain proportion within the range of 270 to 320 mm 3 . 
     In addition to the above-described dimple parameters, the proportion V R  (%) of the overall dimple volume Vs divided by the volume of an imaginary sphere given on the assumption that no dimples are formed in the golf ball surface is preferably 0.55 to 0.95%, and more preferably 0.6 to 0.9%. The value V 0  of the volume of each dimple space defined below a plane circumscribed by the dimple edge divided by the volume of a cylinder whose bottom is that plane and whose height is the maximum depth of the dimple from the bottom preferably ranges from 0.35 to 0.70, more preferably from 0.40 to 0.67. 
     The total number of dimples is not critical although it is usually from 370 to 450, preferably from 370 to 440. The arrangement of dimples on the ball surface is not critical, and well-known regular octahedral and regular icosahedral arrangements are useful. 
     Preferably the golf ball as a whole has a hardness corresponding to a deflection of 2.3 to 4.0 mm, more preferably 2.4 to 3.8 mm under an applied load of 100 kg. In accordance with the Rules of Golf, the golf ball is formed to a diameter of not less than 42.67 mm and a weight of not greater than 45.93 grams. 
     There has been described a golf ball which satisfies the control on putter and short-distance approach shots, feel, durability and restitution requirements and offers good flight characteristics, and thus has an advanced overall profile of performance. 
     EXAMPLE 
     Examples of the invention are given below by way of illustration and not by way of limitation. 
     Examples 1-6 &amp; Comparative Examples 1-3 
     Core-forming rubber compositions of the formulation shown in Table 1 were worked in a kneader, molded in a mold and vulcanized at a temperature of 155° C. for about 15 minutes, forming cores designated (a) to (f). It is noted that core (f) was a center core, around which another composition of the formulation shown in Table 1 was injection molded to form a core outer layer, yielding a two-layer core. 
     Around each of the cores, cover stocks of the formulation shown in Table 2 were successively injection molded in the combination shown in Tables 4 and 5, forming a cover. Golf balls of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were manufactured in this way. On the surface of these golf balls, dimples of the types shown in Table 3 were formed during molding in the combination shown in Tables 4 and 5. 
     The cores and the golf balls were examined by the following tests. The results are also shown in Tables 4 and 5. 
     Core hardness and ball hardness 
     The hardness of the core or ball is expressed by a deflection (mm) under an applied load of 100 kg. 
     Flight performance 
     Using a swing robot of Miyamae K.K., the ball was actually hit at a head speed of 40 m/sec (HS40) with a driver (W#1, PRO 230 Titan, loft 10°, by Bridgestone Sports Co., Ltd.). Spin, carry, total distance, and trajectory were determined, on the basis of which flight performance was rated. With respect to the trajectory, twelve balls for each sample were actually hit and their trajectory was visually observed. With respect to the flight performance rating, the ball was rated “∘” (good), “Δ” (average) or “x” (poor) by an overall examination based on all the data of spin, carry, total distance and trajectory. 
     Approach control 
     The ball was hit with a short iron. It was examined how the ball stopped on the green. The ball was rated “∘” for good and “x” for poor. 
     Feel 
     Five amateur golfers with a head speed of about 40 m/sec actually hit the balls using a driver (W#1, same as above) and a putter (PT) as the club. They evaluated the feel according to the rating: “⊚” for very soft feel, “∘” for soft feel, “Δ” for average feel, and “x” for hard feel. 
     Durability 
     Using a swing robot of Miyamae K.K., the ball was repeatedly hit at a head speed of 45 m/sec (HS45) with a driver (W#1, PRO 230 Titan, loft 10°, by Bridgestone Sports Co., Ltd.). The ball surface was observed and evaluated according to the following criterion relative to the number of hits. 
     ∘: sound 
     Δ: relatively premature failure 
     x: premature failure 
     Overall evaluation 
     With all the test results taken together, the ball was evaluated “∘” for good, “Δ” for average, and “x” for poor. 
     In Tables 1 and 2, all the amounts of ingredients blended are parts by weight. The trade name “BRO1” is cis-1,4-polybutadiene by Nippon Synthetic Rubber K.K.; “Hytrel” is the trade name of polyester elastomer by Dupont-Toray K.K.; “Surlyn” is the trade name of ionomer resins by E. I. duPont; and “Himilan” is the trade name of ionomer resins by Dupont-Mitsui Polychemical K.K. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Core 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 a 
                 b 
                 c 
                 d 
                 e 
                 f 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 BR01 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Zinc diacrylate 
                 30.0 
                 32.5 
                 35.5 
                 31.0 
                 29.8 
                 20.0 
               
               
                 Zinc oxide 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 Antioxidant 
                 0.2 
                 0.2 
                 0.2 
                 0.2 
                 0.2 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Barium sulfate 
                 9.2 
                 24.5 
                 17.0 
                 28.0 
                 32.1 
                 20.5 
               
               
                 Dicumyl peroxide 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 Center core diameter (mm) 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 33.70 
               
               
                 Hytrel 4767 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 100 
               
               
                 Core diameter (mm) 
                 36.50 
                 36.40 
                 36.40 
                 36.40 
                 36.40 
                 36.40 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: Core (f) is a two-layer core.  
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Cover stock 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 {circle around (1)} 
                 {circle around (2)} 
                 {circle around (3)} 
                 {circle around (4)} 
                 {circle around (5)} 
                 {circle around (6)} 
                 {circle around (7)}  
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Hytrel 4047 
                 100 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Surlyn 8120 
                 — 
                 40 
                 — 
                 50 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Himilan 1605 
                 — 
                 10 
                 50 
                 — 
                 — 
                 50 
                 — 
               
               
                 Himilan 1706 
                 — 
                 50 
                 50 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Himilan 1557 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 20 
                 — 
                 50 
                 50 
               
               
                 Himilan 1855 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 30 
                 50 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Himilan 1856 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 50 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Himilan 1601 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 50 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note:  
               
               
                 Additionally, appropriate amounts of titanium dioxide and barium sulfate were blended.  
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Total 
                 Average 
                 Average 
                   
                 Overall 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Number 
                 number 
                 diameter 
                 depth 
                   
                 dimple 
               
               
                   
                 Diameter 
                 Depth 
                 of 
                 of 
                 AD 
                 AP 
                   
                 volume 
               
               
                 Set 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 dimples 
                 dimples 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 AD/AP 
                 (mm 3 ) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 A 
                 4.200 
                 0.145 
                 60 
                 372 
                 3.800 
                 0.145 
                 26.2 
                 312.8 
               
               
                   
                 3.900 
                 0.145 
                 240 
               
               
                   
                 3.300 
                 0.145 
                 72 
               
               
                 B 
                 4.100 
                 0.130 
                 62 
                 432 
                 3.513 
                 0.130 
                 27.0 
                 271.3 
               
               
                   
                 3.650 
                 0.130 
                 210 
               
               
                   
                 3.500 
                 0.130 
                 50 
               
               
                   
                 2.800 
                 0.130 
                 110 
               
               
                 C 
                 3.900 
                 0.155 
                 60 
                 372 
                 3.567 
                 0.155 
                 23.0 
                 327.4 
               
               
                   
                 3.700 
                 0.155 
                 240 
               
               
                   
                 3.100 
                 0.155 
                 72 
               
               
                 D 
                 4.200 
                 0.155 
                 60 
                 372 
                 3.967 
                 0.155 
                 25.6 
                 419.9 
               
               
                   
                 3.900 
                 0.155 
                 240 
               
               
                   
                 3.800 
                 0.155 
                 72 
               
               
                 E 
                 4.200 
                 0.190 
                 60 
                 372 
                 3.800 
                 0.188 
                 20.2 
                 310.3 
               
               
                   
                 3.900 
                 0.190 
                 240 
               
               
                   
                 3.300 
                 0.185 
                 72 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Example 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Core 
                 Type 
                 a 
                 b 
                 c 
                 c 
                 c 
                 f* 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness 
                 3.5 
                 3.5 
                 4.5 
                 4.5 
                 4.5 
                 4.8 
               
               
                   
                 (mm) 
               
               
                 Cover inner 
                 Type 
                 {circle around (1)}  
                 {circle around (2)}  
                 {circle around (3)}  
                 {circle around (4)}  
                 {circle around (5)}  
                 {circle around (3)}  
               
               
                 layer 
                 Gage (mm) 
                 1.6 
                 1.65 
                 1.65 
                 1.65 
                 1.65 
                 1.65 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness A 
                 40 
                 53 
                 63 
                 51 
                 55 
                 63 
               
               
                   
                 (Shore D) 
               
               
                 Cover outer 
                 Type 
                 {circle around (5)}  
                 {circle around (7)}  
                 {circle around (7)}  
                 {circle around (2)}  
                 {circle around (8)}  
                 {circle around (2)}  
               
               
                 layer 
                 Gage (mm) 
                 1.5 
                 1.5 
                 1.5 
                 1.5 
                 1.5 
                 1.5 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness B 
                 55 
                 57 
                 57 
                 53 
                 55 
                 53 
               
               
                   
                 (Shore D) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Hardness product A × B 
                 2200 
                 3021 
                 3591 
                 2703 
                 3025 
                 3339 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Dimples 
                 Set 
                 C 
                 A 
                 B 
                 A 
                 A 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 AD/AP 
                 23.0 
                 26.2 
                 27.0 
                 26.2 
                 26.2 
                 27.0 
               
               
                   
                 Overall 
                 327.4 
                 312.8 
                 271.3 
                 312.8 
                 312.8 
                 271.3 
               
               
                   
                 volume (mm 3 ) 
               
               
                   
                 Optimum 
                 244 
                 219 
                 202 
                 229 
                 219 
                 210 
               
               
                   
                 volume @ b = 310 
               
               
                   
                 Optimum 
                 414 
                 389 
                 372 
                 399 
                 389 
                 380 
               
               
                   
                 volume @ b = 480 
               
               
                 Ball 
                 Hardness 
                 2.5 
                 2.4 
                 3.2 
                 3.5 
                 3.6 
                 3.5 
               
               
                   
                 (mm) 
               
               
                   
                 Diameter 
                 42.7 
                 42.7 
                 42.7 
                 42.7 
                 42.7 
                 42.7 
               
               
                   
                 (mm) 
               
               
                   
                 Weight (g) 
                 45.3 
                 45.3 
                 45.3 
                 45.3 
                 45.3 
                 45.3 
               
               
                 Flight 
                 Spin (rpm) 
                 2950 
                 2650 
                 2535 
                 2895 
                 2590 
                 2495 
               
               
                 performance, 
                 Carry (m) 
                 186.5 
                 185.5 
                 186.5 
                 187.3 
                 186.7 
                 187.5 
               
               
                 W#1/HS40 
                 Total (m) 
                 200.3 
                 200.5 
                 199.2 
                 199.8 
                 198.8 
                 201.2 
               
               
                   
                 Trajectory 
                 slightly 
                 moderately 
                 low 
                 low 
                 moderately 
                 moderately 
               
               
                   
                   
                 low, 
                 high, 
                 launching, 
                 launching, 
                 low, 
                 low, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 boring 
                 boring 
                 gradually 
                 gradually 
                 boring 
                 boring 
               
               
                   
                   
                 trajectory 
                 trajectory 
                 rising, 
                 rising, 
                 trajectory 
                 trajectory 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 boring 
                 boring 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 trajectory 
                 trajectory 
               
               
                   
                 Rating 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Approach control 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Feel 
                 W#1 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
                 PT 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ⊚ 
                 ∘ 
                 ⊚ 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Durability 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 Overall evaluation 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: core (f) is a two-layer core.  
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Comparative Example 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Core 
                 Type 
                 d 
                 e 
                 b 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness 
                 3.0 
                 2.5 
                 3.5 
               
               
                   
                 (mm) 
               
               
                 Cover inner 
                 Type 
                 {circle around (1)} 
                 {circle around (3)} 
                 {circle around (6)} 
               
               
                 layer 
                 Gage (mm) 
                 1.6 
                 1.65 
                 1.65 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness A 
                 40 
                 63 
                 60 
               
               
                   
                 (Shore D) 
               
               
                 Cover outer 
                 Type 
                 {circle around (4)} 
                 {circle around (7)} 
                 {circle around (3)} 
               
               
                 layer 
                 Gage (mm) 
                 1.5 
                 1.5 
                 1.5 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness B 
                 51 
                 57 
                 63 
               
               
                   
                 (Shore D) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Hardness product A × B 
                 2040 
                 3591 
                 3780 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Dimples 
                 Set 
                 E 
                 C 
                 D 
               
               
                   
                 AD/AP 
                 20.2 
                 23.0 
                 25.6 
               
               
                   
                 Overall 
                 310.3 
                 327.4 
                 419.9 
               
               
                   
                 volume (mm 3 ) 
               
               
                   
                 Optimum 
                 249 
                 202 
                 197 
               
               
                   
                 volume @ b = 310 
               
               
                   
                 Optimum 
                 419 
                 372 
                 367 
               
               
                   
                 volume @ b = 480 
               
               
                 Ball 
                 Hardness 
                 2.5 
                 2.0 
                 2.4 
               
               
                   
                 (mm) 
               
               
                   
                 Diameter 
                 42.7 
                 42.7 
                 42.7 
               
               
                   
                 (mm) 
               
               
                   
                 Weight (g) 
                 45.3 
                 45.3 
                 45.3 
               
               
                 Flight 
                 Spin (rpm) 
                 3130 
                 2740 
                 2480 
               
               
                 performance, 
                 Carry (m) 
                 178.0 
                 180.5 
                 177.8 
               
               
                 W#1/HS40 
                 Total (m) 
                 187.9 
                 193.5 
                 195.9 
               
               
                   
                 Trajectory 
                 ballooning 
                 boring, 
                 slightly 
               
               
                   
                   
                 trajectory 
                 but soon 
                 nose-down 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 falling 
               
               
                   
                 Rating 
                 x 
                 x 
                 x 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Approach control 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 x 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Feel 
                 W#1 
                 Δ 
                 x 
                 Δ 
               
               
                   
                 PT 
                 Δ 
                 x 
                 x 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Durability 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 Overall evaluation 
                 x 
                 x 
                 x 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As is evident from Tables 4 and 5, the golf balls of Examples 1 to 6 are superior in all of flight performance, approach control, feel, and durability. 
     Japanese Patent Application No. 11-028770 is incorporated herein by reference. 
     Although some preferred embodiments have been described, many modifications and variations may be made thereto in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described without departing from the scope of the appended claims.