Patent Publication Number: US-2021174917-A1

Title: System and method for displaying infant health information in connection with a neonatal warmer

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     In the field of obstetrics and pediatrics, an “APGAR” score is a simple and repeatable method to assess the health of newborn children (i.e., neonates) immediately after birth. A physician determines the APGAR score by evaluating the neonate on five criteria. The five criteria can be summarized as appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. The physician judges each criterion on a scale from zero to two, and then sums the five values. The resulting APGAR score ranges from zero to ten. A physician generally performs the APGAR test at one and five minutes after birth, and may repeat the test later if the score is and remains low. Scores seven and above are normal, scores four to six are low and three and scores below three are critically low. 
     A low score on the one-minute test may show that the neonate requires medical attention but is not necessarily an indication that there will be long-term problems, particularly if there is an improvement by the stage of the five-minute test. If the APGAR score remains below three, such as when measured at 10, 15, or 30 minutes, there is a risk that the child will suffer longer-term neurological damage. The purpose of the APGAR test is to quickly determine whether a newborn needs immediate medical care. An APGAR timer, in its simplest form, is a stop-watch or egg timer that is begun at the time of birth to remind a physician to measure the neonate&#39;s APGAR score at predetermined intervals from birth (e.g., 1, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes). 
     Information critical to knowing whether a neonate needs resuscitation is the neonate&#39;s blood oxygen concentration (i.e., the concentration of oxygen in a neonate&#39;s blood). When an oximeter measures that a neonate&#39;s blood oxygen concentration is low, a decision has to be made as to whether to resuscitate the neonate by providing supplemental oxygen to the neonate&#39;s blood. There are devices in the art that can automatically provide supplemental oxygen to a neonate upon a low oximeter reading, but providing too much supplemental oxygen can lead to hyperoxia in the neonate, which can be harmful. Accordingly, it is preferable to allow medical personnel in a labor and delivery environment to evaluate the neonate&#39;s APGAR score and use their judgment as to whether any action needs to be taken (such as resuscitation). For purposes of the APGAR score, the expected blood oxygen concentration changes (increases) at predetermined time intervals from birth. In the fast-paced environment of a delivery room, it is challenging for medical personnel to quickly and easily determine whether a measured blood oxygen concentration compares to the expected concentration range for the time interval in which the measurement is taken. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for a way of displaying measured and expected neonate blood oxygen concentrations during the critical first minutes after birth that efficiently enables medical personnel to monitor measured vs. expected neonate blood oxygen concentrations, be alerted if the a measured blood oxygen concentration falls outside of the expected range for that time period, while enabling medical personnel to exercise judgement when evaluating corrective action. 
     SUMMARY 
     This application discloses a user interface that is part of a neonatal monitoring system, including a display that includes information related to the APGAR criteria to provide a visual reminder to medical personnel to perform the test, a timer to prevent the medical professional from waiting too long between the first and subsequent test, a reminder of the criteria of the test for the display to highlight important information. All of which may help to reduce the mental load of the medical professionals. Likewise, in the event that responsibilities need to be transferred to another medical professional (e.g., the first medical professional is called away for some reason), the system will enable a smooth transition to the next medical professional. 
     In view of the foregoing, a method of displaying neonatal health information is disclosed. The method includes receiving data characterizing a start of an APGAR timer; receiving a time value associated with a current time of the APGAR timer; receiving and displaying on an electronic display a plurality of time windows and a corresponding plurality of target values, each of the plurality of target values representing a predetermined blood oxygen threshold value in connection with a corresponding one of the plurality of time windows; receiving and displaying on an electronic display a measured blood oxygen level value; and highlighting, on the electronic display, a first of the plurality of target values and a corresponding first of the plurality of time windows when the time value associated with the current time of the APGAR timer reaches a first time value. 
     In addition, a system for displaying infant health information is disclosed. The system includes at least one physiological sensor configured to obtain health information from an infant; an APGAR timer for measuring the time elapsed since a birth event; a memory configured to store health information from the at least one physiological sensor; an electronic display having a user interface for receiving commands from a user; and a processor connected to the at least one physiological sensor, the APGAR timer, the memory, and the electronic display. The processor is configured to receive data characterizing a start of the APGAR timer; receive a time value associated with a current time of the APGAR timer; receive and display on the electronic display a plurality of time windows and a corresponding plurality of target values, each of the plurality of target values representing a predetermined blood oxygen threshold value in connection with a corresponding one of the plurality of time windows; receive and display on the electronic display a measured blood oxygen level value; and highlight, on the electronic display, a first of the plurality of target values and a corresponding first of the plurality of time windows when the time value associated with the current time of the APGAR timer reaches a first time value. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description of embodiments considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a system for displaying neonatal health information in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a flow chart illustrating a method of displaying a measured blood oxygen value for an infant and target blood oxygen values for the infant at preset times after birth in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a flow chart illustrating a method of logging measured blood oxygen values that correspond to a time value associated with a stopwatch in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic view of an electronic display showing a measured blood oxygen value for an infant and target blood oxygen values for the infant at preset times after birth in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, the electronic display showing an APGAR timer at a time of 00:00 and a stopwatch at a time of 00:00; 
         FIG. 5  is the view of  FIG. 4  with the stopwatch at a time of 00:04; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic view of an electronic display prompting a user to input preset times after birth and corresponding blood oxygen target values; 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic view of the electronic display shown in  FIG. 4  showing a window that prompts the user to enter alarm limits; 
         FIG. 8  is the view of  FIG. 4  with the APGAR timer at a time of 00:32; 
         FIG. 9  is the view of  FIG. 4  with the APGAR timer at a time of 02:01, the stopwatch at a time of 07:05, and an alarm being activated; 
         FIG. 10  is the view of  FIG. 4  with the APGAR timer at a time of 05:11 and a negative condition warning sign being displayed; 
         FIG. 11  is a block diagram illustrating a system for displaying neonatal health information in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 12  is a flow chart illustrating a method of measuring, displaying, and adjusting bed tilt of a neonatal warmer in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 13  is an alternative embodiment of the display shown in  FIG. 4 , where the APGAR timer reads a time of 2:02, the stopwatch interface is missing and the environment monitor includes a bed tilt reading; 
         FIG. 14  is an alternate embodiment of the display shown in  FIG. 4 , where the APGAR timer is at a time of 2:13, the stopwatch interface is missing, the environment monitor includes a bed tilt reading, and an alarm being activated; 
         FIG. 15  is an alternative embodiment of the display shown in  FIG. 4 , where an entry in a target table has been selected to show where a measured blood oxygen value fell on a range of potential blood oxygen values; 
         FIG. 16  is an alternative embodiment of the display shown in  FIG. 4 , where the target table and measured blood oxygen values are shown in a line graph; and 
         FIG. 17  is an alternative embodiment of the display shown in  FIG. 4 , where the measured blook oxygen value is omitted. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following disclosure is presented to provide an illustration of the general principles of the present invention and is not meant to limit, in any way, the inventive concepts contained herein. Moreover, the particular features described in this section can be used in combination with the other described features in each of the multitude of possible permutations and combinations contained herein. 
     All terms defined herein should be afforded their broadest possible interpretation, including any implied meanings as dictated by a reading of the specification as well as any words that a person having skill in the art and/or a dictionary, treatise, or similar authority would assign particular meaning. Further, it should be noted that, as recited in the specification and in the claims appended hereto, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural referents unless otherwise stated. Additionally, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” when used herein specify that certain features are present in that embodiment, but should not be interpreted to preclude the presence or addition of additional features, components, operations, and/or groups thereof. 
     The following disclosure is intended to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are to be considered part of the entire written description of the invention. The drawing figures are not necessarily to scale and certain features of the invention may be shown exaggerated in scale or in somewhat schematic form in the interest of clarity and conciseness. In this description, relative terms such as “horizontal,” “vertical,” “up,” “down,” “top,” “bottom,” as well as derivatives thereof (e.g., “horizontally,” “downwardly,” “upwardly,” etc.) should be construed to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawing figure under discussion. These relative terms are for convenience of description and normally are not intended to require a particular orientation. Terms including “inwardly” versus “outwardly,” “longitudinal” versus “lateral” and the like are to be interpreted relative to one another or relative to an axis of elongation, or an axis or center of rotation, as appropriate. Terms concerning attachments, coupling and the like, such as “connected” and “interconnected,” refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached to one another either directly or indirectly through intervening structures, as well as both moveable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise, and includes terms such as “directly” coupled, secured, etc. The term “operatively coupled” is such an attachment, coupling, or connection that allows the pertinent structures to operate as intended by virtue of that relationship. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a system  10  for measuring and displaying neonatal health information in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. The system  10  includes a neonatal warmer  4  for receiving a neonatal patient  2  and one or more physiological sensors  12  that measure at least one physiological parameter of the neonatal patient  2 . In one embodiment, the physiological sensors  12  includes a pulse oximeter sensor and a temperature sensor. The neonatal warmer  4  and the physiological sensors  12  are coupled, either directly or indirectly, to a computing system  14  which includes a user interface  16  displayed on a display screen, a controller/processor  17  for controlling the display of the user interface  16 , receiving information from the neonatal warmer  4  and physiological sensors  12 , and receiving and processing commands from the user interface  16 , and a memory  18  for storing predetermined values, such as time windows and blood oxygen levels (e.g., SpO2 values), and measurement values received from the neonatal warmer  4  and the physiological sensors  12 . SpO2 is a measurement of oxygen being carried in a patient&#39;s blood, and is typically presented as a percentage of a maximum amount the blood could carry. Typically, in a healthy adult, a percentage between 96 and 99% is considered normal/healthy. In newborns, however, a lower range (e.g., less than 70%) may be measured initially. It is expected, however, that the SpO2 measurements will increase in the minutes after birth (e.g., a range between 90% and 95% approximately  10  minutes after birth is generally considered normal and healthy). The computing system  14  is connected to an APGAR timer  20  for keeping track of the time elapsed since birth of the neonatal patient  2  and a stopwatch  22  for timing certain events outside of birth chosen by the user, such as a measured SpO2 value at a particular time. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a process  100  of displaying neonatal health information using the system  10 . At the outset, a user (e.g., a doctor, nurse, medical personnel or technician) may first set up the system  10  by entering into the computing system  14  via the user interface  16  (shown in  FIG. 4 ) a plurality of time windows T 1 -T n  and a plurality of target SpO2 values V 1 -V n , each of the plurality of time windows T 1 -T n  corresponding to time elapsed after the start of the APGAR timer  20 , and each of the plurality of target values V 1 -V n  corresponding to one of the plurality of time windows T 1 -T n  (step  110 ; shown in  FIG. 4 ). Once these values have been entered, the system  10  displays a table on the user interface  16  showing each of the time windows T 1 -T n . and their corresponding target values V 1 -V n  (step  112 ). The system  10  also prompts the user to enter alarm values (step  114 ), namely an upper boundary alarm value and a lower boundary alarm value, that operate to call the attention of the user when a measured SpO2 value of the infant moves out of range of the upper and lower boundary values. These values are also displayed on the user interface  16 . 
     Once the system  10  has been set up, the computing system  14  awaits receipt of a signal or data indicating the start time T 0  of the APGAR timer  20  (step  116 ), which indicates the moment of an infant&#39;s birth. In one example, the timer is initiated via a user pressing a button (e.g., a button on the interface  16 , a softkey on the system  10 , or a hardkey on the system) Thereafter, the computing system  14  regularly receives data from the APGAR timer  20  as to the current time value of the APGAR timer  20  (step  118 ) along with data from the physiological sensors  12  indicating the current measured SpO2 value of the infant (step  120 ). In one embodiment, the system  10  also regularly receives data from the at least one physiological sensor  12  regarding other health information about the neonatal patient  2 , such as the patient&#39;s core temperature, peripheral temperature, and heartbeat, as well as information regarding the neonatal warmer  4 , such as the warmer temperature, mattress temperature, and bed tilt angle (step  122 ), to list a few examples. The computing system  14  then displays this information on the user interface  16  (step  124 ). 
     Upon receiving the current time of the APGAR timer  20  at step  118  and a measured SpO2 value of the infant at step  120 , the computing system  14  checks for whether the measured SpO2 value is between the upper and lower boundary alarm values (step  126 ). If the answer is no, the computer system activates an alarm system (step  128 ) to get the user&#39;s attention, which could include commanding the user interface  16  to produce eye-catching graphics, such as flashing colors, or commanding a connected sound system to produce alarm-like sounds, such as a siren or repetitive beeping. If the answer is yes, the computing system  14  moves on and deactivates the alarm system if it is currently activated (step  130 ). The alarm system, when activated by step  128 , is designed to alert the attention of the user when the measured blood-oxygen level of the neonatal patient  2  is at an unsafe level, thereby providing the impetus for the user or other medical personnel to treat the unsafe condition. 
     After the measured SpO2 value is checked in step  126 , the computing system  14  checks for whether the current time of the APGAR timer  20  is within a particular time window, namely between T x−1  and T x  (step  132 ). The computing system  14  first checks whether the current time is within the first time window (i.e., between T 0  and T 1 , where x=1). If the answer is no, the computing system  14  then moves to the next time window (i.e., increases x by 1; see step  134 ) and then checks whether the current time is within the second time window (i.e., between T 1  and T 2 ) (repeat step  132 ). This continues until step  132  results in a “yes,” at which point the table entry with the corresponding T x  and V x  values is highlighted (step  136 ), thereby calling the attention of the doctor, nurse, or technician to view the target SpO2 value V x  and compare it against the measured SpO2 value of the infant. Steps  118 - 136  repeat as the APGAR timer  20  continues to run. The term “highlighted”, as used in the specification and claims, is intended to mean to make an element of a graphical user interface stand out from other elements of the interface, for example, by showing text or data in a heavier font (bold), providing a different background color than other elements, making a portion of that element flash or sequentially change color or brightness. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a process  150  of measuring and recording neonatal health information based on the readings of the stopwatch  22 . At the outset, the computing system  14  receives a command from the user interface  16  to initiate the stopwatch  22  (step  152 ). The stopwatch  22  can be initiated at any time at the user&#39;s discretion, including before the APGAR timer  20  starts or while the APGAR timer  20  is running. Once initiated, the stopwatch  22  begins to count seconds (step  154 ), and the user interface  16  displays the time elapsed in seconds since the stopwatch  22  was initiated (step  156 ). 
     The computing system  14  regularly checks whether it has received a “store” command from the user via the user interface  16  (step  158 ). When the computing system  14  receives a “store” command, the computing system  14  checks and records the current time value of the stopwatch  22  into the memory  18  (step  160 ). At the same time, the computing system  14  receives from the physiological sensors  12  a measured SpO2 value representing the blood oxygen level of the neonatal patient  2  at the time it received the “store” command, and then stores the measured SpO2 value with the current time value in the memory  18  (step  162 ). In one embodiment, the computing system  14  will then display the recorded time values and corresponding measured SpO2 values obtained from each received “store” command (step  164 ). 
     Steps  156 - 164  repeat until the computing system  14  receives a “stop” command from the user via the user interface  16  (step  166 ), at which point the computing system  14  receives and stores the measured SpO2 value measured at the time the “stop” command was received (step  168 ). The stopwatch  22  ceases counting and displays the time value the stopwatch  22  had reached upon receiving the “stop” command (step  170 ). 
       FIG. 4  displays an exemplary embodiment of a display  200  of the user interface  16  discussed above. As seen in  FIG. 4 , the display  200  includes a SpO2 monitor  202  that displays the infant&#39;s current measured SpO2 value and regularly updates based on the measured SpO2 values it receives from the physiological sensors  12 . The SpO2 monitor  202  also displays the upper and lower alarm values  204   a,    204   b  next to the received measured SpO2 value being displayed. The display  200  also includes an APGAR timer interface  206  and a stopwatch interface  208 , both of which allowing a user to start the APGAR timer  20  and stopwatch  22 , respectively, with the touch of a button (see APGAR timer and stopwatch “Start” keys  207 ,  209 ) and monitor the progress of each. Above the APGAR timer interface  206  is a target table  210  showing each of the time windows T 1 -T n  and their corresponding target values V 1 -V n , where each time window T x  is positioned on the left side of its corresponding target value V x . To the right of the target table  210  is a sensor monitor  212  showing the one or more other values being monitored by the physiological sensors  12 , such as a central temperature monitor  212   a  which measures the core temperature of neonatal patient  2 , a peripheral temperature monitor  212   b  which measures the temperature of the neonatal patient&#39;s extremities, a warmer power monitor  212   c  which measures the power output of the neonatal warmer  4 , and a mattress temperature monitor  212   d  which measures the mattress temperature of the neonatal warmer  4 . The display  200  also includes a configuration button array  214  that a user can touch to configure the system  10  from the user interface  16 . In one embodiment, the display  200  also includes an electrocardiogram monitor  216  that shows the heartbeat of the neonatal patient  2  and control dials  218   a,    218   b  for controlling the power output of the warmer and mattress heater. 
     Turning to  FIG. 5 , when a user touches the stopwatch “Start” key  209  of the stopwatch interface  208  (see step  152  of  FIG. 3 ), the stopwatch interface  208  displays an upward counting timer (see step  154  of  FIG. 3 ), the stopwatch “Start” key  209  transforms into a stopwatch “Stop” key  209   a,  and a stopwatch “Store” key  209   b  appears. The stopwatch “Store” key  209   b  sends a command to the computing system  14  to initiate the SpO2 value storing functions of steps  160 - 164  shown in  FIG. 3  and discussed above. When the stopwatch “Stop” key  209   a  is pressed, the computing system  14  receives a command to stop the stopwatch  22  (see step  166  of  FIG. 3 ). 
       FIG. 6  illustrates the execution of step  110  on the display  200 . When a user presses the “System setup” key  214   a  on the configuration button array  214 , a system setup window  220  appears to allow a user to configure the time windows T 1 -T n  and the target values V 1 -V n  that will be shown in the target table  210 . More particularly, the system setup window  220  includes interactive keys that show the currently set time windows (see time keys  220   a - 220   f ) and the current target values (see lower target keys  221   a - 221   f  and upper target keys  221   a ′- 221   f ′) that will appear in the target table  210 . Pressing these interactive keys will enable the user to change the values shown on the face of these keys, which will show on the target table  210  of the display  200  as time windows T 1 -T n  and target values V 1 -V n  (see step  112  in  FIG. 2 ). 
       FIG. 7  illustrates the execution of step  114  on the display  200 . When a user presses the “Alarms” key  214   b  on the configuration button array  214 , an alarm setup window  222  appears to allow a user to configure the alarm limits of the system  10 . More particularly, the alarm setup window  222  includes interactive keys that show the current upper and lower limit alarm values (see upper limit key  222   a  and lower limit key  222   b ) on either side of the current measured SpO2 value (see SpO2 monitor  202 ). When pressed, the upper and lower limit keys  222   a,    222   b  enable the user to enter a desired upper SpO2 boundary value and a lower SpO2 boundary value, respectively. These values will show on the SpO2 monitor  202  as the upper and lower alarm values  204   a,    204   b.    
       FIGS. 8-10  illustrate the execution of step  136  on the display  200 . As seen on the APGAR timer interface  206  in  FIG. 8 , the APGAR timer  20  has already begun and is at 32 seconds. At this point, the computing system  14  has recognized that the APGAR timer  20  is currently within the first time window T 1 , and has highlighted the first entry  210   a  on the target table  210  by placing the text thereon in bold. As seen in  FIG. 8 , the SpO2 monitor  202  indicates that the measured SpO2 value is outside the target values of the first time window, but within the upper and lower alarm values  204   a,    204   b.    
     Turning to  FIG. 9 , the APGAR timer interface  206  shows that the APGAR timer  20  is at 2:01, which the computing system  14  recognizes as no longer within the first time window T 1  and now within the second time window T 2 . Accordingly, the first entry  210   a  is no longer highlighted, and instead the second entry  210   b  on the target table  210  is highlighted. In addition, the SpO2 monitor  202  indicates that the measured SpO2 value is not only within the target values of the second time window, but it also exceeds the upper alarm value  204   a,  which results in an alarm being activated. This alarm can take various forms, including the appearance of an alarm window  224  indicating the cause for alarm or the flashing of the SpO2 monitor, as seen in  FIG. 9 . 
     Turning to  FIG. 10 , the APGAR timer interface  206  indicates that the APGAR timer  20  is at 5:11, which is within the fifth time window T 5  as seen on the fifth entry  210   e,  and the SpO2 monitor indicates that the measured SpO2 value is within the fifth target value. Accordingly, the fifth entry  210   e  of the target table  210  is highlighted. In addition, a condition warning sign  223  has appeared as a result of one of the control dials  218   a,    218   b  being turned down to an unacceptable level (i.e., below 36 degrees C.). This informs the user of a potential problem, thereby providing the impetus to fix it. 
     In one or more alternative embodiments, methods for highlighting the time windows could be implemented. For example, previous or subsequent time windows could be “gray out”, the current time window may be highlighted via a colored box, subsequent time windows may only “appear” as the timer starts the next time window, to list a few examples. Additionally, one or more of these exemplary embodiments could be combined. 
       FIG. 11  shows a system  11  for measuring and displaying health information in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the neonatal warmer  4  includes a bed tilt adjuster  6  that adjusts the angle at which the bed of the neonatal warmer  4  is positioned relative to a horizontal plane. While not illustrated in the figure, the tilt adjust is able to adjust the neonatal warmer in both the longitudinal and latitudinal axis. The neonatal warmer  4  and the bed tilt adjuster  6  are connected to a tilt sensor  8  which measures the bed tilt of the neonatal warmer  4  and communicates that information to the computing system  14 . The controller/processor  17  of the computer system is also configured to send control signals to the bed tilt adjuster  6  to change the bed tilt of the neonatal warmer  4 . In one embodiment, the tilt sensor  8  includes one or more accelerometers. The accelerometer could be a multi-axis accelerometer (e.g., 2 axis or 3 axis). 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a process  180  for displaying bed tilt information and controlling bed tilt of the neonatal warmer  4  from the computing system  14 . At the outset, the computing system  14  checks the tilt alignment of the neonatal warmer  4  and the bed tilt adjuster  6  (step  181 ). Using this information, the computing system  14  determines whether the tilt alignment of the neonatal warmer  4  and bed tilt adjuster  6  is faulty or beyond a predetermined range that is deemed acceptable (step  182 ). If the answer is yes, an alarm system is activated (step  183 ) before moving measuring the tilt of the neonatal warmer  4  (step  185 ). The alarm could be visual, auditory, or a combination of both. Alternatively, the alarm may be routed to a central monitor station so as avoid creating unnecessary noises or visual stimuli that may disturb the infant. If not, the computing system  14  simply moves on to step  185  while deactivating the alarm system if it is currently active (step  184 ). In step  185 , the computing system  14  reads the raw tilt information (e.g., A/D counts) from the tilt sensor  8  to get a raw tilt measurement. This raw tilt measurement is then converted to degrees based on how the bed tilt adjuster  6  is calibrated and previously recorded data regarding bed tilt (step  186 ). The computing system  14  then displays the bed tilt angle on the user interface  16  (step  187 ). In an alternative embodiment, the computing system may present an option whereby the bed tilt angle is automatically adjusted back to level. 
     At this point, the computing system  14  checks whether it has received any commands from the user via the user interface  16  to adjust the bed tilt angle (step  188 ). If not, the computing system  14  returns to step  181 . If so, the computing system  14  transmits, through the controller/processor  17 , a control signal including those commands to the bed tilt adjuster  6  (step  189 ) before returning to step  181 . 
       FIGS. 13 and 14  show alternative embodiments of the display  200  shown in  FIG. 4 . In the embodiment of a display  300  shown in  FIG. 13 , the sensor monitor  312  does not include a number of patient centric monitors, such as central and peripheral temperature, and instead includes only a warmer power monitor  312   c  and a bed tilt monitor  312   e.  The bed tilt monitor  312 e shows the angle at which the bed of the neonatal warmer  4  is positioned relative to a horizontal plane. In the embodiment of a display  400  shown in  FIG. 14 , the sensor monitor  412  shows the same monitors as those shown in  FIG. 4  (see, central temperature monitor  412   a,  peripheral temperature monitor  412   b,  and warmer power monitor  412   c ), except the mattress temperature monitor  212   d  is swapped for a bed tilt monitor  412 e. 
       FIG. 15  shows a third embodiment of a display  500 . In this embodiment, the target table  510  is modified to have the table entries be selectable to show a greater understanding of where the measured SpO2 values fell within the target values at specific time windows. For instance, the target table  510  shows what happens when the second entry  510   b  associated with the second time window T 2  is selected. In such circumstances, the remaining entries of the target table  510  collapse, showing only the time window T 2  and target value V 2  information in the second entry  510   b.  Below the second entry  510   b  appears a target value gauge  511  showing a range of possible measured SpO2 values, with the range of values associated with the target value V 2  represented by a target band  511   a  shown in one color (e.g., green) and the range of values outside of the target value V 2  represented by a lower band  511   b  and an upper band  511   c  shown in a second color (e.g., yellow). The target value gauge  511  also includes a gauge wand  511   d  showing where the measured SpO2 value was in reference to the selected target value V 2  at a particular time during the selected time window T 2 . The display  500  enables the user to get a graphical representation of where a neonatal patient&#39;s measured SpO2 values were in reference to the target value V x  at any particular time, which can facilitate readily understanding the patient&#39;s health status at that time relative to what is expected of a healthy infant. 
       FIG. 16  shows a fourth embodiment of a display  600 . In this embodiment, a target graph  610  is provided instead of a target table and the measured SpO2 values  611  are presented in graphical format. Optionally, the color of the target graph  610  could be controlled to indicate whether the current measured SpO2 value  611  is within the target range. For example, target graph  610  could be green when the current measured SpO2 value  611  is within the target range and yellow if the current measured SpO2 value  611  is outside of the target range. The display  600  enables the user to visualize over time both the neonatal patient&#39;s measured SpO2 values and their relationship to the target values (represented by the target graph  610 ). 
       FIG. 17  shows a fifth embodiment of a display  700 . This embodiment is very similar to the display  400  shown in  FIG. 14 , but omits the measured SpO2 or electrocardiogram monitors. This results in a simplified appearance that enables the other elements (the target graph  710 , the APGAR timer  706 , and the sensor monitor  712 ) to be larger. This display  700  may be desirable prior to the APGAR timer  706  being started and soon thereafter, when there is little measured SpO2 data. 
     It is important to note that the systems  10 ,  11  are not currently designed to provide automatic controls for providing supplemental oxygen to a neonatal patient, although these features could be implemented in the future. While it is possible to connect the systems  10 ,  11  to such a blood oxygen supplemental device, the current purpose of the systems  10 ,  11  is to provide information to a user in a way that focuses the user&#39;s attention on the essential health information of a neonatal patient. This allows a user to quickly and readily understand the essential information about an infant&#39;s health so that the user can make informed decisions quickly during the first critical minutes of an infant&#39;s life. 
     All examples and conditional language recited herein are intended for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention and the concepts contributed by the inventor in furthering the art. As such, they are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure. 
     It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely exemplary and that a person skilled in the art may make many variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All such variations and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention, as defined by the following claims.