Patent Publication Number: US-6701691-B1

Title: Dome constructing method

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to a method for constructing a spherical dome, and more particularly to a dome constructing method which is enabled to construct a spherical dome, if relatively high, merely by using a relatively small-sized construction equipment and by assembling it at a relatively low position. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     When a large-sized spherical dome is to be constructed, there may be adopted a method of constructing a polyhedron for a skeleton at first. For constructing this polyhedral skeleton, it is a general method of the prior art to construct a foundation on the land to be scheduled so that the polyhedron for the skeleton is sequentially assembled up on the foundation. As the spherical dome grows the larger (to have the highest point up to several tens meters in recent years), therefore, not only the construction equipment used for the dome construction becomes the larger but also the special works are required at the higher position. 
     When the works at the high position are increased in the spherical dome constructing method of the prior art, more specifically, large-sized construction equipments are required for building up the scaffold and for lifting and assembling the materials. On the other hand, special considerations have to be taken into the safety management of the workers at the high position. For this dome construction, great quantities and numbers of materials, labors and expenses are required to raise various problems in the drop of efficiency, in the rise of the construction cost and so on. 
     In order that the workers may go up to the their positions, for example, it is indispensable to construct a long scaffold, and it takes a sequentially longer time to lift the materials to be assembled. Thus, the spherical dome constructing method of the prior art have difficult problems to solve. 
     DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a dome constructing method for constructing a spherical dome by assembling a polyhedral skeleton and then by finishing the interior/exterior of the same, as will be specified in the following. Specifically, a plurality of joints, which are to be arranged when assembled at the positions of the individual vertexes of a polyhedral skeleton and each of which has a plurality of joint blades in the directions of the individual sides of the polyhedral skeleton, as extended from said individual vertexes, and a plurality of frame members are adopted as members for constructing the polyhedral skeleton of the spherical dome. Three joints and three frame members are assembled into a triangular frame or a basic unit of the polyhedral skeleton in a grounded state by using the three joints as the vertexes and the three frame members as the individual sides of the triangular frame. In addition, a new triangular frame is assembled around said grounded triangular frame by using similar frame members and joints, thereby to assemble the polyhedral skeleton of a polyhedral cone such as a pentahedral cone or a hexahedral cone, which uses the joints positioned at one vertex of said grounded triangular frame as its vertex and said grounded triangular frame as its one side. When the polyhedral skeleton of a polyhedral cone is thus assembled, a triangular frame different from said triangular frame is newly grounded by turning said polyhedral skeleton. The polyhedral skeleton is subsequently assembled by repeating similar assembling works, wherein the assembled polyhedral skeleton is fixed on the foundation, and the fixed polyhedral skeleton is then finished on its interior/exterior to complete the spherical dome. 
     According to this invention, more specifically, there is proposed a dome constructing method for constructing a spherical dome by assembling a polyhedral skeleton and then by finishing the interior/exterior of the same, which method comprises the following steps, by using a plurality of joints, which are to be arranged when assembled at the positions of the individual vertexes of a polyhedral skeleton and each of which has a plurality of joint blades in the directions of the individual sides of the polyhedral skeleton, as extended from said individual vertexes, and a plurality of frame members are adopted as members for constructing the polyhedral skeleton of the spherical dome, of steps: 
     (1) assembling a first triangular frame having three frame members as its sides in a grounded state with a side formed of said first triangular frame being in parallel with the ground surface, by using three joints as vertexes and three frame members to connect the two end sides of the three frame members to the adjoining ones of a plurality of joint blades in said three joints; 
     (2) assembling a polyhedral cone skeleton of a polyhedron, which has said one joint as its vertex and the number of the joint blades of said one joint as its side number, and which contains a side formed of said first triangular frame as its one side by connecting one-end sides of the remaining individual frame members to at least one of the three joints and connecting the joint blades of the remaining joints to the other end sides of each of said remaining frame members; 
     (3) assembling a polyhedral cone skeleton, which has said one joint of said grounded triangular frame as its vertex and the number of the joint blades of said one joint as its side number and which contains the side formed of said grounded triangular frame as its one side, by turning the polyhedral cone skeleton assembled at said step (2), to ground a triangular frame other than said first triangular frame so that a side formed thereof may be in parallel with the ground surface, by connecting one-end sides of the remaining individual frame members to at least one of the three joints positioned at the vertexes of said grounded triangular frame, and by connecting the joint blades of the remaining joints to the other end sides of each of said remaining frame members; 
     (4) assembling a polyhedral cone skeleton which has said one joint of said newly grounded triangular frame as its vertex and the number of the joint blades of said one joint as its side number and which contains the side formed of said newly grounded triangular frame as its one side, by turning the polyhedral skeleton assembled at said step (3), by grounding the triangular frame other than the said first triangular frame and the triangular frame grounded at said step (2), so that the side formed thereof may be in parallel with the ground surface, by connecting one-end sides of said remaining frame members to the individual joint blades of at least one of the three joints positioned at the vertexes of said newly grounded triangular frame, and by connecting the joint blades of said remaining joints to the other end sides of said remaining individual frame members; 
     (5) assembling the skeleton of the polyhedron which has a plurality of joints as its individual vertexes and a plurality of frame members as its individual sides, by repeating said step (4); and 
     (6) completing the spherical dome by fixing the skeleton of the assembled polyhedron on the foundation and then by finishing the interior/exterior of the polyhedron. 
     In said method, the joint blades of the joint are four to six. If there are used a plurality of joints having four joint blades and a plurality of joints having six joint blades, for example, it is possible to construct a polyhedral skeleton having twenty four sides. If there are used joints (twelve) having five joint blades and joints (twenty) having six joint blades, it is possible to construct a polyhedral skeleton having sixty sides. 
     Here in said dome constructing method, after the polyhedral skeleton having a plurality of joints as its vertexes and a plurality of frame members as its sides was assembled, it can be placed in a hole, which has been excavated to have a depth of several underground floors in the scheduled land, and is fixed in the foundation. After this, the polyhedral skeleton can also be finished on its interior/exterior to complete the spherical dome. 
     After the polyhedral skeleton having a plurality of joints as its vertexes and a plurality of frame members as its sides was assembled, it is moved to the scheduled land, and reinforcing bars are laid over the grounded triangular frame. Concrete is placed over the reinforcing bars to construct the foundation of the dome. After this, the polyhedral skeleton can also be finished on its interior/exterior to complete the spherical dome. 
     According to the dome constructing method of this invention, the polyhedral skeleton for the spherical dome can be constructed at a relatively low position near the ground surface. It is sufficient to prepare the scaffold which has been used in the prior art for constructing an ordinary building having a two floors or the like. The works can be done at a relatively low position while retaining the safety of workers easily. On the other hand, the polyhedral skeleton for constructing the spherical dome is enabled to continue its assembling works by turning the polyhedral skeleton such as a pentahedral cone or a hexahedral cone, each time three joints and three frame members are used to assemble a triangular frame having the three joints as its vertexes and the three frame members as its sides sequentially thereby to assemble the polyhedral skeleton. If one set of movable scaffold is prepared, therefore, it is economically possible to move the scaffold for the continuous use. 
     According to the dome constructing method of this invention, all the polyhedral skeletons for the skeleton of the dome can be assembled at a position near the ground. For the dome construction, therefore, the large-sized construction equipments, as might otherwise be necessary in the prior art, can be eliminated, and a relatively low scaffold is sufficient. On the other hand, main works can be done at the low position so that the dome construction can be made highly efficiently in all the works including the lifting of the materials (e.g., the joints or the frame members) for constructing the polyhedral skeleton. Thus, it is possible to reduce the labors in the spherical dome construction thereby to shorten the construction period and lower the construction cost. 
     According to the dome constructing method of this invention, the fundamental unit of the polyhedral skeleton for the spherical dome construction is the triangular frame having the three joints as its vertexes and the three frame members as its individual sides. Therefore, the polyhedral skeleton is remarkably strong even in its partially completed state so that it is hardly deformed in its assembling procedure while hardly requiring a remedy of the shape of the polyhedral skeleton being assembled. 
     On the other hand, the polyhedral skeleton, as assembled for the dome construction, is the polyhedron having sixty sides and so on and is spherical so that it is balanced in the stress at the individual portions. Even if an external force is partially applied, it is rationally dispersed. Therefore, the stress is hardly concentrated locally to break the polyhedral skeleton. 
     The polyhedral skeleton to be formed by assembling the triangular frames of said basic unit sequentially is a quadrangular pyramid, a pentahedral cone or a hexahedral cone having the joints as its vertexes, as determined by the number of the joint blades belonging to the joints. The angles, at which the joint blades are attached to the joints, are determined by the directions of the individual sides of the polyhedron, as extending from the vertexes of the polyhedral skeleton using said joints. 
     These joints can be highly precisely manufactured by casting to the sizes which have been determined by the design. The joints can also be manufactured by welding the joint blades at predetermined angles to a cylindrical body. 
     On the other hand, the frame members to construct the individual sides of the triangular frame or said basic unit can be manufactured in advance to a high sizing precision because the sides of the polyhedral skeleton scheduled to construct the quadrangular pyramid, the pentahedral cone or the hexahedral cone have known lengths. These frame members are made of iron pipes, pipes or frames extrusion-molded of aluminum, or timber. 
     The joints of the frame members to the joint blades of the joint can be done merely by jointing the end portion sides of the frame members, which have been highly precisely made in advance, to the joint blades having a predetermined angle. Therefore, the joints can be done simply and extremely highly precisely not by the skilled workers. 
     Specifically, the construction of the polyhedral skeleton for the spherical dome construction in the dome constructing method of the present invention can be made extremely simply, highly precisely and efficiently not by the skilled workers so that the dome can be constructed simply, efficiently and highly precisely 
     Here, the connections of the frame member end portions to the joint blades of the joints can be made by means of bolts and nuts, or pins. In the fastening case using the bolts and nuts, no connection fault will occur if a torque wrench is used by checking its fastening force. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a top plan view for explaining a first assembled state of a triangular frame providing a basis for assembling a polyhedral skeleton for a dome construction. 
     FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the state in which there is assembled a polyhedral skeleton (or a pentagonal cone skeleton) using a joint  4  of the triangular skeleton shown in FIG. 1 as its vertex. 
     FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the state in which there is assembled a polyhedral skeleton using joints  50  and  51  of the triangular frame shown in FIG. 1 as their vertexes. 
     FIG. 4 is a side elevation of the state in which there is assembled a polyhedral skeleton using a joint  57  of the triangular skeleton as its vertex, as turned from the state of FIG. 3 to ground newly. 
     FIG. 5 is a side elevation of the state in which there is assembled a polyhedral skeleton using a joint  72  of the triangular skeleton, as turned from the state of FIG. 4 to ground newly as its vertex, by returning it from the state of FIG. 4 to ground newly, and in which the assembly of a polyhedral skeleton  20  has proceeded by about 40%. 
     FIG. 6 is a side elevation of the state in which the assembly of the polyhedral skeleton  20  has been advanced by about 50% by turning it from the state shown in FIG.  5 . 
     FIG. 7 is a side elevation of the state in which the assembly of the polyhedral skeleton  20  has been advanced by about 80% by turning it from the state shown in FIG.  6 . 
     FIG. 8 is a side elevation of the state in which the assembly of the polyhedral skeleton  20  is completed. 
     FIG. 9 is a partially sectional side elevation of the state in which the polyhedral skeleton  20  is placed in a hole excavated in a ground scheduled for the dome construction. 
     FIG.  10 ( a ) is a perspective view of a joint to be used for assembling the polyhedral skeleton in the dome constructing method of this invention. 
     FIG.  10 ( b ) is a perspective view of another joint. 
     FIG.  11 ( a ) is a partially enlarged sectional view of the interior/exterior finish works of the dome. 
     FIG.  11 ( b ) is a partially enlarged sectional view of a roof portion in FIG.  11 ( a ). 
    
    
     BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     A preferred embodiment of this invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     In this embodiment, there are used twelve joints  4  each providing with five joint blades  4   a  to  4   e , as shown in FIG.  10 ( a ), and twenty joints  50  each provided with six joint blades  50   a  to  50   f , as shown in FIG.  10 ( b ), to assemble a polyhedral skeleton  20  (FIG. 8) having sixty sides thereby to construct a spherical dome. 
     On the ground, as shown in FIG. 1, frame members  1  and  3  are jointed at their one-end portions to the adjoining joint blades  4   a  and  4   b  of the joint  4 . To the other one-end portions of the frame members  1  and  3 , respectively, there are then jointed the joint blade  50   e  of the joint  50  and a joint blade  51   f  of a joint  51 . Next, a frame member  2  is jointed at its two end portions individually to the joint blade  50   d  adjacent to the joint blade  50   e  of the joint  50  and to a joint blade  51   a  adjacent to the joint blade  51   f  of the joint  51 . Thus, a first triangular frame a having its individual sides composed of the three frame members  1 ,  2  and  3  is so assembled (FIG. 1) that it is placed on the ground with its place being in parallel with the ground surface. 
     Here, the joint  4  having the five joint blades  4   a  to  4   e  is used as one of the vertexes of the first triangular frame a, whereas the joints  50  and  51  having the six joint blades  50   a  to  50   f  and  51   a  to  51   f  are used as the remaining two vertexes. As a result, the first triangular frame a is formed as the isosceles triangle having two sides of equal lengths composed of the frame members  1  and  3 . In this embodiment for assembling the polyhedral skeleton having sixty sides, the joints  4  having the five joint blades and the joints  50  having the six joint blades are thus combined so that the triangular frames to be constructed are all the isosceles triangles. 
     Therefore, what has to be prepared is the two kinds of frame members, that is, the frame members having the length of the frame members  1  and  3 , and the frame members having the length of the frame member  2  so that the cost for the materials can be lowered to reduce the cost for the dome construction. 
     Where a polyhedral skeleton of a regular icosahedron is assembled for the spherical dome construction by using the twelve joints  4  having the five joint blades, as shown in FIG.  10 ( a ), the triangular frame as the fundamental unit for the polyhedral skeleton is a regular triangle so that what has to be prepared is only one kind of frame members of equal lengths. 
     To at least one of the three joins  4 ,  50  and  51 , i.e., to the joint blades  4   c ,  4   d  and  4   e  of the joint  4  in this embodiment, there are respectively jointed one-end sides of frame members  6 ,  8  and  10 . At the same time, the joint blades of joints  52 ,  53  and  54  are jointed to the other end sides of the frame members  6 ,  8  and  10 , respectively, to assemble a polyhedral cone skeleton A (FIG. 2) which is formed of a polyhedron having the joint  4  as its vertex and a side number of the number (i.e., five) of the joint blades of the joint  4  and which contains the side formed of the aforementioned first triangular frame a as its one side. Here, the joint  4  is provided with the five joint blades  4   a  to  4   e  so that the polyhedral cone skeleton A is a skeleton of pentagonal cone. 
     At this time, frame members  5 ,  7 ,  9  and  11  could be jointed to the joints  51 ,  52 ,  53 ,  54  and  50 , as shown in FIG. 2, to provide the polyhedral cone skeleton A of the pentagonal cone with its individual bases. In either event, a worker, as designated by  100  in FIG. 2, is enabled to do those works merely by preparing a relatively low scaffold. 
     Next, to the joint blades of the joint  50  other than the joint blades  50   e  and  50   d  located at the vertexes of the first triangular frame a and to the joint blades of the joint  51  other than the joint blades  51   a  and  51   f , there are individually jointed frame members, to the other end sides of which there are jointed joints  55 ,  56 ,  57 ,  58  and  59  (FIG.  3 ), respectively. Then, the joints  50  and  51  have the six joint blades so that polyhedral cone skeletons B and C, which are assembled to have the joints  50  and  51  as their vertexes and which contain the side formed of the first triangular frame a as their one side, have the skeleton of a hexagonal cone (FIG.  3 ). 
     Next, the polyhedral cone skeleton B is turned, as indicated by arrow  12  in FIG. 3, so that the triangular frames other than the first triangular frame a may be so grounded into the state shown in FIG. 4 as to arrange their sides in parallel with the ground. In FIG. 4, the triangular frame having the joints  57 ,  50  and  51  at its vertexes is grounded. To at least one of the three joints located at the vertexes of the grounded triangular frame, i.e., to the individual joint blades of the joint  57  in FIG. 4, moreover, there are jointed the individual one-end sides of the frame members, to the individual other-end sides of which there are connected the joint blades of the remaining joints. Of the joint blades of the joint  57 , as shown in FIG. 4, there is only one joint blade that has failed to be jointed to the frame member after the turn in the direction arrow  12  from the state shown in FIG.  3 . To the remaining joint blade, there is connected one end side of a frame member  71 , the other end side of which is jointed the joint blade of a joint  72  (FIG.  4 ). 
     Thus, there is assembled the polyhedral cone skeleton which has one joint  57  of the grounded triangular frame (i.e., the triangular frame having the joints  57 ,  50  and  51 ) as its vertex and has the number (six) of the joint blades of the joint  57  as its side number and which contains the side formed of the grounded triangular frame as its one side. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the joint  57  has the six joint blades so that the hexagonal cone skeleton is assembled. 
     In this skeleton assembling works, the polyhedral skeleton being assembled is desirably supported by posts  13 ,  14 ,  15  and  16 , as shown in FIG.  4 . 
     At the instant when the assembly is made in the state of FIG. 4, on the other hand, wires  61  to  65  are connected from a circular ring  60  through turnbuckles  66 ,  68 ,  69  and so on to joints  58 ,  80 ,  81 ,  55  and  57 , respectively. These connections are effective for preventing the frame members from being deflected by their own weights in the procedure of constructing the polyhedral skeleton and for preventing the polyhedral skeleton being constructed from being collapsed. Especially where the frame members  1 ,  2 ,  3  and so on are relatively heavy because they are made of iron, it is preferable, for preventing the frame members from being deflected by their own weights in the procedure of constructing the polyhedral skeleton and the polyhedral skeleton being constructed from being collapsed, that the joints are tensed by the wires or the like toward the center of the polyhedral skeleton being assembled. The circular ring  60  and the joints  58  and so on are connected by the wires  61  and so on through the turnbuckles  66  and so on so that the distances from the circular ring  60  to the joints  58  and so on can be properly adjusted by adjusting the turnbuckles  66 . 
     In order to pull the joints to the center of the polyhedral skeleton by the wires or the like, the works to connect the wires or the like to the joints may be done in the course of assembling the polyhedral skeleton at each time the arrangements of the joints  58 ,  80 ,  81 ,  55  and  57  shown in FIG. 4 are made. Here, these connected states of the joints by the wires are omitted from the subsequent assembling steps of FIGS. 5 to  8 . 
     Next, the polyhedral skeleton thus assembled to the stage of FIG. 4 is turned, as indicated by arrow  74  in FIG. 4, to ground the triangular frame having the joints  51 ,  59  and  57  at its vertexes (FIG.  5 ). Frame members are jointed to the joint blades of the joint  59  with any frame member jointed thereto, to assemble the polyhedral cone skeleton which has the joint  59  as its vertex and the number (six) of the joint blades of the joint  49  as its side number and which contains the side formed of said grounded triangular frame as its one side. 
     Next, the polyhedral skeleton thus assembled to the stage of FIG. 5 is turned, as indicated by arrow  75  in FIG. 5, to ground the triangular frame having the joints  57 ,  59  and  72  located at its vertexes (although not shown), and similar assembling works are continued. 
     In any event, the worker  100  can continue the assembling works always at the relatively low position, although the polyhedral skeleton for the dome construction is constructed gradually highly from the state of FIG. 2 to the state of FIG.  5 . 
     In the description thus far made, after the assembly of the skeleton proceeded to the state shown in FIG. 3, the polyhedral cone skeleton is turned in the direction of arrow  12  to continue the assembly. The skeleton assembling procedure may be modified without any difference in the actions and effects of this invention. When the assembly of the skeleton proceeds to the state shown in FIG. 2, the polyhedral cone skeleton A is turned in the direction of arrow  73  (FIG. 2) to ground a triangular frame c formed of the frame members  6 ,  7  and  8 , and the frame members are jointed to the joint blades of the joints  52  and  53  which are located at the vertexes of that triangular frame c. 
     Depending upon the conveniences of the scaffold built up for the works of the worker  100 , polyhedral cone skeletons for the first floor, the second floor and the third floor can be assembled all at once and can then be turned to advance the assembly of a new polyhedral cone skeleton. 
     In any event, there is contained in this invention any of the constructing methods, in which there are sequentially advanced the works: to ground the triangular frame formed of the three frame members by turning the polyhedral skeleton (e.g., the pentagonal skeleton and the hexagonal skeleton) being assembled; and to joint the new frame members those joint blades of the joint located at the vertex of the newly grounded triangular frame, to which the frame members are not jointed yet, to assemble the polyhedral cone skeleton of the polygon, which has said joint as its vertex and the number of the joint blades of said joint as its side number and which contains the side formed of said newly grounded triangular frame as its one side. 
     In the accompanying drawings: FIG. 5 shows the state having completed 40% of the assembly; FIG. 6 shows a 50% completion; FIG. 7 shows an 80% completion; and FIG. 8 shows the polyhedral skeleton  20  (e.g., the polyhedron having sixty sides in this embodiment) at the assembled time. 
     In or after the state shown in FIG. 7, a post  17  is used in addition to the posts  13 ,  14 ,  15  and  16  so as to support the polyhedral skeleton being assembled, more firmly. 
     By thus supporting the polyhedral skeleton firmly by the posts  13  or the like, the polyhedral skeleton can be stably placed even if an earthquake occurs or an unexpected external force is applied to the polyhedral skeleton being assembled. 
     The polyhedral skeleton  20 , as assembled in the state of FIG. 8, can be finished, after fixed on the foundation, in its interior and exterior works to complete the spherical dome. 
     For example, the polyhedral skeleton  20  is placed on the dome building land which has been pre-worked for the foundation such as the driving of necessary piles or the placing of foundation slabs. After this, reinforcing bars are laid over the triangular frame grounded, and concrete is placed over the reinforcing bars to construct the foundation of the dome. After this, the polyhedral skeleton  20  can be interiorly or exteriorly finished to complete the spherical dome. 
     For this interior/exterior finish, the scaffold has to be constructed, and the triangular frame or the basic unit of the polyhedral skeleton  20  can be used for supporting the scaffold. If the polyhedral skeleton  20  is worked from its upper portion, for example, the triangular frame or the basic unit of the polyhedral skeleton  20 , i.e., the lower triangular frame can be used to the last as the post of the scaffold. As a result, it is possible not only to spare the material but also to enhance the strength reliability so that the works can be executed without anxiety. 
     When the polyhedral skeleton  20  is to be moved so that it may be fixed on the foundation, it can be moved either by turning it or by suspending it by a crane or the like. As a result, it is possible to advance the dome constructing works lightly and highly efficiently. 
     FIGS. 8 and 9 show one embodiment in which the spherical dome is completed by fixing the polyhedral skeleton  20  on the foundation and then by finishing its interior/exterior works. The polyhedral skeleton  20  is placed in a hole  19  excavated in a land scheduled for building the dome, and is fixed on the foundation. After this, the polyhedral skeleton  20  is interiorly or exteriorly finished to complete the spherical dome. 
     Specifically, the hole  19  is excavated in the dome-scheduled land  18 , and an anchor  41  is driven to work the ground. Next, the polyhedral skeleton  20  is placed in the hole  19  by turning it in the direction of arrow  21  in FIG.  8 . 
     Here, a weight  40  is suspended with a snapping line  39  from the crest  20   b  of the polyhedral skeleton  20 , to determine the vertical line with respect to horizontal lines, as designated by reference numerals  42 ,  43 ,  44  and  45  for floor faces thereby to position the floor face  42  and so on horizontally. Next, the reinforcing bars are laid over the grounded skeleton  20   a  of the polyhedral skeleton  20 , and the concrete is placed to bury the reinforcing bars thereby to fix the polyhedral skeleton  20 . 
     After this, the polyhedral skeleton  20  is interiorly or exteriorly finished to complete the spherical dome. 
     FIGS.  11 ( a ) and  11 ( b ) show one example of the interior/exterior finishes of a timber structure. The scaffold is constructed from the bottom. Joists  23  are crossed, and a ceiling member  24  is applied. Joists  25  are crossed, and a floor member  26  is applied. For the interior finish, a joist  27  is disposed in the triangular frame or the basic unit of the polyhedral skeleton  20 , and a ceiling member  28  is applied. This ceiling member  28  is lined with a wall member. For the exterior finish, a common rafter  30  is fixed on the outer side of a frame  29 . The exterior finish can be completed by laminating a roof board  31 , an insulator  32 , a waterproofer  33  and a roof member  34  on the outer side of the common rafter  30 . 
     At a suitable position of the triangular frame or the basic unit of the polyhedral skeleton  20 , on the other hand, a window frame  35  can be placed to attach a glass window  36  on the outer side thereof (FIG.  11 ( a )). The glass window  36  can be automatically opened/closed by an electric drive, for example. 
     In FIG. 9, there are shown the wires  61  to  65  and so on, which are connected from the circular ring  60 , as disposed at the state shown in FIG. 4, to the joints disposed at the individual vertexes of the horizontal height portions designated by the numerals  42  and  45  for the floor faces. Those wires are provided for preventing the frame members, when made to have a relatively large weight, from being deflected by their own weights and for preventing the polyhedral skeleton being constructed from being collapsed. The wires are removed in the procedure of finishing the interior/exterior of the polyhedral skeleton  20 . In this embodiment, the connections of the joints at the individual vertex portions to the center of the polyhedral skeleton are desirably made in at least two portions of the height portions of the horizontal lines, as indicated by numerals  42 , 43 ,  44  and  45 . 
     Here, the construction method for fixing the polyhedral skeleton  20  having a plurality of joints as its individual vertexes and a plurality of frame members as its individual sides, after having assembled the polyhedral skeleton  20  can employ not only those having been described herein with reference to the drawings but also the various methods known in the art. In any of the methods, when the polyhedral skeleton  20  is moved so that it may be fixed on the foundation, it can be moved by turning it or by suspending it by a crane or the like so that the dome constructing works can be advanced lightly and highly efficiently.