Patent Publication Number: US-10326560-B2

Title: Data buffering method and apparatus for hybrid automatic repeat request in wireless access system supporting non-orthogonal multiple access scheme

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is the National Stage filing under 35 U.S.C. 371 of International Application No. PCT/KR2015/011697, filed on Nov. 3, 2015, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/074,633, filed on Nov. 3, 2014, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a wireless access system supporting a NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) scheme, and more particularly, to various HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and request) methods, data buffering methods therefor, and apparatuses therefor. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Wireless access systems have been widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice or data. In general, a wireless access system is a multiple access system that supports communication of multiple users by sharing available system resources (a bandwidth, transmission power, etc.) among them. For example, multiple access systems include a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) system, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) system, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system, and a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system. 
     DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
     Technical Tasks 
     An object of the present invention is to provide reliable methods of transmitting and receiving data. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide methods of supporting a HARQ operation in a wireless access system supporting NOMA. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide various methods of storing data on other terminal in a memory to support a HARQ operation in a system supporting NOMA. 
     The other object of the present invention is to provide apparatuses supporting the aforementioned methods. 
     Technical tasks obtainable from the present invention are non-limited the above-mentioned technical task. And, other unmentioned technical tasks can be clearly understood from the following description by those having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains. 
     Technical Solution 
     The present invention relates to a wireless access system supporting a NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) scheme, and more particularly, to various HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat request) methods, data buffering methods therefor, and apparatuses therefor. 
     To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described, according to one embodiment, a method of performing data buffering for HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request), which is performed by a first UE in a wireless access system supporting NOMA (non-orthogonal multiple access) scheme, includes the steps of receiving multiplexed data of the first UE and a second UE multiplexed by the NOMA scheme from an eNB, decoding the multiplexed data, buffering the data of the second UE, and transmitting HARQ-ACK information to the eNB according to a result of the decoding. 
     In this case, the data of the first UE can be buffered together with the data of the second UE in the buffering step. 
     Alternatively, the data of the second UE can be buffered prior to the data of the first UE in the buffering step. In this case, the data of the second UE can be buffered without being deleted although the data of the first UE is successfully decoded. 
     Alternatively, the first UE can selectively buffer the data of the first UE or the data of the second UE according to a Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) value for each data, signal quality, or whether or not decoding is successful in the buffering step. 
     To further achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, according to a different embodiment, a first UE configured to buffer data for HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) in a wireless access system supporting NOMA (non-orthogonal multiple access) scheme includes a transmitter, a receiver, a memory, and a processor configured to support HARQ according to the NOMA scheme in a manner of being functionally connected with the transmitter, the receiver, and the memory, the processor configured to control the receiver to receive multiplexed data of the first UE and a second UE multiplexed by the NOMA scheme from an eNB, the processor configured to decode the multiplexed data, the processor configured to buffer the data of the second UE in the memory, the processor configured to control the transmitter to transmit HARQ-ACK information to the eNB according to a result of the decoding. 
     In this case, the processor can be configured to buffer the data of the first UE in the memory together with the data of the second UE. 
     Alternatively, the processor can be configured to buffer the data of the second UE prior to the data of the first UE. In this case, the data of the second UE can be buffered without being deleted although the data of the first UE is successfully decoded. 
     Alternatively, the processor can be configured to selectively buffer the data of the first UE or the data of the second UE according to a Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) value for each data, signal quality, or whether or not decoding is successful. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. 
     Advantageous Effects 
     According to the present invention, the following effects can be achieved. 
     First of all, it is able to reliably transmit and receive data according to a HARQ scheme. 
     Second, it is able to provide various methods of supporting a HARQ operation in a wireless access system supporting NOMA. 
     Third, it is able to support a more efficient and reliable NOMA scheme by providing methods of buffering data on other terminal in a memory when the NOMA scheme is applied. 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the inventions. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. 
         FIG. 1  is a conceptual diagram illustrating physical channels used in the embodiments and a signal transmission method using the physical channels. 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame for use in the embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram illustrating an example of a resource grid of a downlink slot according to the embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating a structure of an uplink subframe according to the embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating a structure of a downlink subframe according to the embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates PUCCH formats 1a and 1b for use in a normal cyclic prefix (CP) case, and  FIG. 7  illustrates PUCCH formats 1a and 1b for use in an extended CP case. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates PUCCH formats 2/2a/2b in a normal cyclic prefix (CP) case, and  FIG. 9  illustrates PUCCH formats 2/2a/2b in an extended CP case. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates ACK/NACK channelization for PUCCH formats 1a and 1b. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates channelization for a hybrid structure of PUCCH format 1a/1b and format 2/2a/2b in the same PRB. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates allocation of a physical resource block (PRB). 
         FIG. 13  is a diagram illustrating an example of a component carrier (CC) of the embodiments and carrier aggregation (CA) used in an LTE_A system. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a subframe structure of an LTE-A system according to cross-carrier scheduling. 
         FIG. 15  is conceptual diagram illustrating a construction of serving cells according to cross-carrier scheduling. 
         FIG. 16  is a diagram showing an example of a new PUCCH format based on block spreading; 
         FIG. 17  is a diagram illustrating an example of configuring a resource block in a time-frequency unit; 
         FIG. 18  is a diagram illustrating an example of a resource allocation scheme and a retransmission scheme of an asynchronous HARQ scheme; 
         FIG. 19  is a diagram for explaining NOMA and current multiple access methods via comparison; 
         FIG. 20  is a flowchart for explaining one of HARQ operation methods when data is transmitted and received using NOMA scheme; 
         FIG. 21  shows a device for implementing the methods described with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 20 . 
     
    
    
     BEST MODE 
     Mode for Invention 
     Embodiments of the present invention described in the following are related to various hybrid automatic repeat and request (HARQ) methods, methods of buffering data therefor, and apparatuses therefor. 
     The embodiments of the present disclosure described below are combinations of elements and features of the present disclosure in specific forms. The elements or features may be considered selective unless otherwise mentioned. Each element or feature may be practiced without being combined with other elements or features. Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure may be constructed by combining parts of the elements and/or features. Operation orders described in embodiments of the present disclosure may be rearranged. Some constructions or elements of any one embodiment may be included in another embodiment and may be replaced with corresponding constructions or features of another embodiment. 
     In the description of the attached drawings, a detailed description of known procedures or steps of the present disclosure will be avoided lest it should obscure the subject matter of the present disclosure. In addition, procedures or steps that could be understood to those skilled in the art will not be described either. 
     Throughout the specification, when a certain portion “includes” or “comprises” a certain component, this indicates that other components are not excluded and may be further included unless otherwise noted. The terms “unit”, “-or/er” and “module” described in the specification indicate a unit for processing at least one function or operation, which may be implemented by hardware, software or a combination thereof. In addition, the terms “a or an”, “one”, “the” etc. may include a singular representation and a plural representation in the context of the present invention (more particularly, in the context of the following claims) unless indicated otherwise in the specification or unless context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a description is mainly made of a data transmission and reception relationship between a Base Station (BS) and a User Equipment (UE). A BS refers to a terminal node of a network, which directly communicates with a UE. A specific operation described as being performed by the BS may be performed by an upper node of the BS. 
     Namely, it is apparent that, in a network comprised of a plurality of network nodes including a BS, various operations performed for communication with a UE may be performed by the BS, or network nodes other than the BS. The term ‘BS’ may be replaced with a fixed station, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNode B or eNB), an Advanced Base Station (ABS), an access point, etc. 
     In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the term terminal may be replaced with a UE, a Mobile Station (MS), a Subscriber Station (SS), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a mobile terminal, an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), etc. 
     A transmitter is a fixed and/or mobile node that provides a data service or a voice service and a receiver is a fixed and/or mobile node that receives a data service or a voice service. Therefore, a UE may serve as a transmitter and a BS may serve as a receiver, on an UpLink (UL). Likewise, the UE may serve as a receiver and the BS may serve as a transmitter, on a DownLink (DL). 
     The embodiments of the present disclosure may be supported by standard specifications disclosed for at least one of wireless access systems including an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.xx system, a 3 rd  Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, and a 3GPP2 system. In particular, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be supported by the standard specifications, 3GPP TS 36.211, 3GPP TS 36.212, 3GPP TS 36.213, 3GPP TS 36.321 and 3GPP TS 36.331. That is, the steps or parts, which are not described to clearly reveal the technical idea of the present disclosure, in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be explained by the above standard specifications. All terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be explained by the standard specifications. 
     Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description, which will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than to show the only embodiments that can be implemented according to the invention. 
     The following detailed description includes specific terms in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the specific terms may be replaced with other terms without departing the technical spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     For example, the term used in embodiments of the present disclosure, a data block is interchangeable with a transport block in the same meaning. In addition, the MCS/TBS index table used in the LTE/LTE-A system can be defined as a first table or a legacy table, and the MCS/TBS index table which is used for supporting the 256QAM can be defined as a second table or a new table. 
     The embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various wireless access systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc. 
     CDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM)/General packet Radio Service (GPRS)/Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), etc. 
     UTRA is a part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP LTE is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA, adopting OFDMA for DL and SC-FDMA for UL. LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE. While the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the context of a 3GPP LTE/LTE-A system in order to clarify the technical features of the present disclosure, the present disclosure is also applicable to an IEEE 802.16e/m system, etc. 
     1. 3GPP LTE/LTE-A System 
     In a wireless access system, a UE receives information from an eNB on a DL and transmits information to the eNB on a UL. The information transmitted and received between the UE and the eNB includes general data information and various types of control information. There are many physical channels according to the types/usages of information transmitted and received between the eNB and the UE. 
     1.1 System Overview 
       FIG. 1  illustrates physical channels and a general method using the physical channels, which may be used in embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     When a UE is powered on or enters a new cell, the UE performs initial cell search (S 11 ). The initial cell search involves acquisition of synchronization to an eNB. Specifically, the UE synchronizes its timing to the eNB and acquires information such as a cell Identifier (ID) by receiving a Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) and a Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH) from the eNB. 
     Then the UE may acquire information broadcast in the cell by receiving a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) from the eNB. 
     During the initial cell search, the UE may monitor a DL channel state by receiving a Downlink Reference Signal (DL RS). 
     After the initial cell search, the UE may acquire more detailed system information by receiving a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and receiving a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) based on information of the PDCCH (S 12 ). 
     To complete connection to the eNB, the UE may perform a random access procedure with the eNB (S 13  to S 16 ). In the random access procedure, the UE may transmit a preamble on a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) (S 13 ) and may receive a PDCCH and a PDSCH associated with the PDCCH (S 14 ). In the case of contention-based random access, the UE may additionally perform a contention resolution procedure including transmission of an additional PRACH (S 15 ) and reception of a PDCCH signal and a PDSCH signal corresponding to the PDCCH signal (S 16 ). 
     After the above procedure, the UE may receive a PDCCH and/or a PDSCH from the eNB (S 17 ) and transmit a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and/or a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) to the eNB (S 18 ), in a general UL/DL signal transmission procedure. 
     Control information that the UE transmits to the eNB is generically called Uplink Control Information (UCI). The UCI includes a Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement/Negative Acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK/NACK), a Scheduling Request (SR), a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Index (PMI), a Rank Indicator (RI), etc. 
     In the LTE system, UCI is generally transmitted on a PUCCH periodically. However, if control information and traffic data should be transmitted simultaneously, the control information and traffic data may be transmitted on a PUSCH. In addition, the UCI may be transmitted aperiodically on the PUSCH, upon receipt of a request/command from a network. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates exemplary radio frame structures used in embodiments of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 2( a )  illustrates frame structure type 1. Frame structure type 1 is applicable to both a full Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system and a half FDD system. 
     One radio frame is 10 ms (T f =307200·T s ) long, including equal-sized 20 slots indexed from 0 to 19. Each slot is 0.5 ms (T slot =15360·T s ) long. One subframe includes two successive slots. An i th  subframe includes 2i th  and (2i+1) th  slots. That is, a radio frame includes 10 subframes. A time required for transmitting one subframe is defined as a Transmission Time Interval (TTI). T s  is a sampling time given as T s =1/(15 kHz×2048)=3.2552×10 −8  (about 33 ns). One slot includes a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or SC-FDMA symbols in the time domain by a plurality of Resource Blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain. 
     A slot includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. Since OFDMA is adopted for DL in the 3GPP LTE system, one OFDM symbol represents one symbol period. An OFDM symbol may be called an SC-FDMA symbol or symbol period. An RB is a resource allocation unit including a plurality of contiguous subcarriers in one slot. 
     In a full FDD system, each of 10 subframes may be used simultaneously for DL transmission and UL transmission during a 10-ms duration. The DL transmission and the UL transmission are distinguished by frequency. On the other hand, a UE cannot perform transmission and reception simultaneously in a half FDD system. 
     The above radio frame structure is purely exemplary. Thus, the number of subframes in a radio frame, the number of slots in a subframe, and the number of OFDM symbols in a slot may be changed. 
       FIG. 2( b )  illustrates frame structure type 2. Frame structure type 2 is applied to a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system. One radio frame is 10 ms (T f =307200·T s ) long, including two half-frames each having a length of 5 ms (=153600·T s ) long. Each half-frame includes five subframes each being 1 ms (=30720·T s ) long. An i th  subframe includes 2i th  and (2i+1)′ h  slots each having a length of 0.5 ms (T slot =15360·T s ). T s  is a sampling time given as T 5 =1/(15 kHz×2048)=3.2552×10 −8  (about 33 ns). 
     A type-2 frame includes a special subframe having three fields, Downlink Pilot Time Slot (DwPTS), Guard Period (GP), and Uplink Pilot Time Slot (UpPTS). The DwPTS is used for initial cell search, synchronization, or channel estimation at a UE, and the UpPTS is used for channel estimation and UL transmission synchronization with a UE at an eNB. The GP is used to cancel UL interference between a UL and a DL, caused by the multi-path delay of a DL signal. 
     [Table 1] below lists special subframe configurations (DwPTS/GP/UpPTS lengths). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Normal cyclic prefix in downlink 
                 Extended cyclic prefix in downlink 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 UpPTS 
                   
                 UpPTS 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Special  
                   
                 Normal 
                 Extended 
                   
                 Normal  
                 Extended  
               
               
                 subframe 
                   
                 cyclic prefix 
                 cyclic prefix 
                   
                 cyclic prefix  
                 cyclic prefix  
               
               
                 configuration 
                 DwPTS 
                 in uplink 
                 in uplink 
                 DwPTS 
                 in uplink 
                 in uplink 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 0 
                  6592 · T s   
                 2192 · T s   
                 2560 · T s   
                  7680 · T s   
                 2192 · T s   
                 2560 · T s   
               
               
                 1 
                 19760 · T s   
                   
                   
                 20480 · T s   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 21952 · T s   
                   
                   
                 23040 · T s   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                 24144 · T s   
                   
                   
                 25600 · T s   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 26336 · T s   
                   
                   
                  7680 · T s   
                 4384 · T s   
                 5120 · T s   
               
               
                 5 
                  6592 · T s   
                 4384 · T s   
                 5120 · T s   
                 20480 · T s   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 19760 · T s   
                   
                   
                 23040 · T s   
                   
                   
               
               
                 7 
                 21952 · T s   
                   
                   
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 8 
                 24144 · T s   
                   
                   
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 3  illustrates an exemplary structure of a DL resource grid for the duration of one DL slot, which may be used in embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , a DL slot includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. One DL slot includes 7 OFDM symbols in the time domain and an RB includes 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain, to which the present disclosure is not limited. 
     Each element of the resource grid is referred to as a Resource Element (RE). An RB includes 12×7 REs. The number of RBs in a DL slot, N DL  depends on a DL transmission bandwidth. A UL slot may have the same structure as a DL slot. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a structure of a UL subframe which may be used in embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , a UL subframe may be divided into a control region and a data region in the frequency domain. A PUCCH carrying UCI is allocated to the control region and a PUSCH carrying user data is allocated to the data region. To maintain a single carrier property, a UE does not transmit a PUCCH and a PUSCH simultaneously. A pair of RBs in a subframe are allocated to a PUCCH for a UE. The RBs of the RB pair occupy different subcarriers in two slots. Thus it is said that the RB pair frequency-hops over a slot boundary. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a structure of a DL subframe that may be used in embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , up to three OFDM symbols of a DL subframe, starting from OFDM symbol 0 are used as a control region to which control channels are allocated and the other OFDM symbols of the DL subframe are used as a data region to which a PDSCH is allocated. DL control channels defined for the 3GPP LTE system include a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH), a PDCCH, and a Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH). 
     The PCFICH is transmitted in the first OFDM symbol of a subframe, carrying information about the number of OFDM symbols used for transmission of control channels (i.e. the size of the control region) in the subframe. The PHICH is a response channel to a UL transmission, delivering an HARQ ACK/NACK signal. Control information carried on the PDCCH is called Downlink Control Information (DCI). The DCI transports UL resource assignment information, DL resource assignment information, or UL Transmission (Tx) power control commands for a UE group. 
     1.2 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) 
     1.2.1 PDCCH Overview 
     The PDCCH may deliver information about resource allocation and a transport format for a Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) (i.e. a DL grant), information about resource allocation and a transport format for an Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) (i.e. a UL grant), paging information of a Paging Channel (PCH), system information on the DL-SCH, information about resource allocation for a higher-layer control message such as a random access response transmitted on the PDSCH, a set of Tx power control commands for individual UEs of a UE group, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) activation indication information, etc. 
     A plurality of PDCCHs may be transmitted in the control region. A UE may monitor a plurality of PDCCHs. A PDCCH is transmitted in an aggregate of one or more consecutive Control Channel Elements (CCEs). A PDCCH made up of one or more consecutive CCEs may be transmitted in the control region after subblock interleaving. A CCE is a logical allocation unit used to provide a PDCCH at a code rate based on the state of a radio channel A CCE includes a plurality of RE Groups (REGs). The format of a PDCCH and the number of available bits for the PDCCH are determined according to the relationship between the number of CCEs and a code rate provided by the CCEs. 
     1.2.2 PDCCH Structure 
     A plurality of PDCCHs for a plurality of UEs may be multiplexed and transmitted in the control region. A PDCCH is made up of an aggregate of one or more consecutive CCEs. A CCE is a unit of 9 REGs each REG including 4 REs. Four Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) symbols are mapped to each REG REs occupied by RSs are excluded from REGs. That is, the total number of REGs in an OFDM symbol may be changed depending on the presence or absence of a cell-specific RS. The concept of an REG to which four REs are mapped is also applicable to other DL control channels (e.g. the PCFICH or the PHICH). Let the number of REGs that are not allocated to the PCFICH or the PHICH be denoted by N REG . Then the number of CCEs available to the system is N CCE  (=└N REG /9┘) and the CCEs are indexed from 0 to N CCE −1. 
     To simplify the decoding process of a UE, a PDCCH format including n CCEs may start with a CCE having an index equal to a multiple of n. That is, given CCE i, the PDCCH format may start with a CCE satisfying i mod n=0. 
     The eNB may configure a PDCCH with 1, 2, 4, or 8 CCEs. {1, 2, 4, 8} are called CCE aggregation levels. The number of CCEs used for transmission of a PDCCH is determined according to a channel state by the eNB. For example, one CCE is sufficient for a PDCCH directed to a UE in a good DL channel state (a UE near to the eNB). On the other hand, 8 CCEs may be required for a PDCCH directed to a UE in a poor DL channel state (a UE at a cell edge) in order to ensure sufficient robustness. 
     [Table 2] below illustrates PDCCH formats. 4 PDCCH formats are supported according to CCE aggregation levels as illustrated in [Table 2]. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 PDCCH 
                 Number of 
                 Number 
                 Number of 
               
               
                   
                 format 
                 CCEs (n) 
                 of REGs 
                 PDCCH bits 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 1 
                 9 
                 72 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 2 
                 18 
                 144 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 4 
                 36 
                 288 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 8 
                 79 
                 576 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     A different CCE aggregation level is allocated to each UE because the format or Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) level of control information delivered in a PDCCH for the UE is different. An MCS level defines a code rate used for data coding and a modulation order. An adaptive MCS level is used for link adaptation. In general, three or four MCS levels may be considered for control channels carrying control information. 
     Regarding the formats of control information, control information transmitted on a PDCCH is called DCI. The configuration of information in PDCCH payload may be changed depending on the DCI format. The PDCCH payload is information bits. [Table 3] lists DCI according to DCI formats. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DCI 
                   
               
               
                 Format 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Format 0 
                 Resource grants for the PUSCH transmissions 
               
               
                   
                 (uplink) 
               
               
                 Format 1 
                 Resource assignments for single codeword PDSCH 
               
               
                   
                 transmissions (transmission modes 1, 2 and 7) 
               
               
                 Format 1A 
                 Compact signaling of resource assignments for 
               
               
                   
                 single codeword PDSCH (all modes) 
               
               
                 Format 1B 
                 Compact resource assignments for PDSCH using 
               
               
                   
                 rank-1 closed loop precoding (mode 6) 
               
               
                 Format 1C 
                 Very compact resource assignments for PDSCH 
               
               
                   
                 (e.g. paging/broadcast system information) 
               
               
                 Format 1D 
                 Compact resource assignments for PDSCH using 
               
               
                   
                 multi-user MIMO (mode 5) 
               
               
                 Format 2 
                 Resource assignments for PDSCH for closed-loop 
               
               
                   
                 MIMO operation (mode 4) 
               
               
                 Format 2A 
                 Resource assignments for PDSCH for open-loop 
               
               
                   
                 MIMO operation (mode 3) 
               
               
                 Format 3/3A 
                 Power control commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 
               
               
                   
                 2-bit/1-bit power adjustment 
               
               
                 Format 4 
                 Scheduling of PUSCH in one UL cell with multi-antenna 
               
               
                   
                 port transmission mode 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Referring to [Table 3], the DCI formats include Format 0 for PUSCH scheduling, Format 1 for single-codeword PDSCH scheduling, Format 1A for compact single-codeword PDSCH scheduling, Format 1C for very compact DL-SCH scheduling, Format 2 for PDSCH scheduling in a closed-loop spatial multiplexing mode, Format 2A for PDSCH scheduling in an open-loop spatial multiplexing mode, and Format 3/3A for transmission of Transmission Power Control (TPC) commands for uplink channels. DCI Format 1A is available for PDSCH scheduling irrespective of the transmission mode of a UE. 
     The length of PDCCH payload may vary with DCI formats. In addition, the type and length of PDCCH payload may be changed depending on compact or non-compact scheduling or the transmission mode of a UE. 
     The transmission mode of a UE may be configured for DL data reception on a PDSCH at the UE. For example, DL data carried on a PDSCH includes scheduled data, a paging message, a random access response, broadcast information on a BCCH, etc. for a UE. The DL data of the PDSCH is related to a DCI format signaled through a PDCCH. The transmission mode may be configured semi-statically for the UE by higher-layer signaling (e.g. Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling). The transmission mode may be classified as single antenna transmission or multi-antenna transmission. 
     A transmission mode is configured for a UE semi-statically by higher-layer signaling. For example, multi-antenna transmission scheme may include transmit diversity, open-loop or closed-loop spatial multiplexing, Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO), or beamforming. Transmit diversity increases transmission reliability by transmitting the same data through multiple Tx antennas. Spatial multiplexing enables high-speed data transmission without increasing a system bandwidth by simultaneously transmitting different data through multiple Tx antennas. Beamforming is a technique of increasing the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) of a signal by weighting multiple antennas according to channel states. 
     A DCI format for a UE depends on the transmission mode of the UE. The UE has a reference DCI format monitored according to the transmission mode configure for the UE. The following 10 transmission modes are available to UEs: 
     (1) Transmission mode 1: Single antenna port (port 0); 
     (2) Transmission mode 2: Transmit diversity; 
     (3) Transmission mode 3: Open-loop spatial multiplexing when the number of layer is larger than 1 or Transmit diversity when the rank is 1; 
     (4) Transmission mode 4: Closed-loop spatial multiplexing; 
     (5) Transmission mode 5: MU-MIMO; 
     (6) Transmission mode 6: Closed-loop rank-1 precoding; 
     (7) Transmission mode 7: Precoding supporting a single layer transmission, which does not based on a codebook (Rel-8); 
     (8) Transmission mode 8: Precoding supporting up to two layers, which do not based on a codebook (Rel-9); 
     (9) Transmission mode 9: Precoding supporting up to eight layers, which do not based on a codebook (Rel-10); and 
     (10) Transmission mode 10: Precoding supporting up to eight layers, which do not based on a codebook, used for CoMP (Rel-1). 
     1.2.3 PDCCH Transmission 
     The eNB determines a PDCCH format according to DCI that will be transmitted to the UE and adds a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to the control information. The CRC is masked by a unique Identifier (ID) (e.g. a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI)) according to the owner or usage of the PDCCH. If the PDCCH is destined for a specific UE, the CRC may be masked by a unique ID (e.g. a cell-RNTI (C-RNTI)) of the UE. If the PDCCH carries a paging message, the CRC of the PDCCH may be masked by a paging indicator ID (e.g. a Paging-RNTI (P-RNTI)). If the PDCCH carries system information, particularly, a System Information Block (SIB), its CRC may be masked by a system information ID (e.g. a System Information RNTI (SI-RNTI)). To indicate that the PDCCH carries a random access response to a random access preamble transmitted by a UE, its CRC may be masked by a Random Access-RNTI (RA-RNTI). 
     Then the eNB generates coded data by channel-encoding the CRC-added control information. The channel coding may be performed at a code rate corresponding to an MCS level. The eNB rate-matches the coded data according to a CCE aggregation level allocated to a PDCCH format and generates modulation symbols by modulating the coded data. Herein, a modulation order corresponding to the MCS level may be used for the modulation. The CCE aggregation level for the modulation symbols of a PDCCH may be one of 1, 2, 4, and 8. Subsequently, the eNB maps the modulation symbols to physical REs (i.e. CCE to RE mapping). 
     1.2.4 Blind Decoding (BD) 
     A plurality of PDCCHs may be transmitted in a subframe. That is, the control region of a subframe includes a plurality of CCEs, CCE 0 to CCE N CCE,k −1. N CCE,k  is the total number of CCEs in the control region of a k th  subframe. A UE monitors a plurality of PDCCHs in every subframe. This means that the UE attempts to decode each PDCCH according to a monitored PDCCH format. 
     The eNB does not provide the UE with information about the position of a PDCCH directed to the UE in an allocated control region of a subframe. Without knowledge of the position, CCE aggregation level, or DCI format of its PDCCH, the UE searches for its PDCCH by monitoring a set of PDCCH candidates in the subframe in order to receive a control channel from the eNB. This is called blind decoding. Blind decoding is the process of demasking a CRC part with a UE ID, checking a CRC error, and determining whether a corresponding PDCCH is a control channel directed to a UE by the UE. 
     The UE monitors a PDCCH in every subframe to receive data transmitted to the UE in an active mode. In a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) mode, the UE wakes up in a monitoring interval of every DRX cycle and monitors a PDCCH in a subframe corresponding to the monitoring interval. The PDCCH-monitored subframe is called a non-DRX subframe. 
     To receive its PDCCH, the UE should blind-decode all CCEs of the control region of the non-DRX subframe. Without knowledge of a transmitted PDCCH format, the UE should decode all PDCCHs with all possible CCE aggregation levels until the UE succeeds in blind-decoding a PDCCH in every non-DRX subframe. Since the UE does not know the number of CCEs used for its PDCCH, the UE should attempt detection with all possible CCE aggregation levels until the UE succeeds in blind decoding of a PDCCH. 
     In the LTE system, the concept of Search Space (SS) is defined for blind decoding of a UE. An SS is a set of PDCCH candidates that a UE will monitor. The SS may have a different size for each PDCCH format. There are two types of SSs, Common Search Space (CSS) and UE-specific/Dedicated Search Space (USS). 
     While all UEs may know the size of a CSS, a USS may be configured for each individual UE. Accordingly, a UE should monitor both a CSS and a USS to decode a PDCCH. As a consequence, the UE performs up to 44 blind decodings in one subframe, except for blind decodings based on different CRC values (e.g., C-RNTI, P-RNTI, SI-RNTI, and RA-RNTI). 
     In view of the constraints of an SS, the eNB may not secure CCE resources to transmit PDCCHs to all intended UEs in a given subframe. This situation occurs because the remaining resources except for allocated CCEs may not be included in an SS for a specific UE. To minimize this obstacle that may continue in the next subframe, a UE-specific hopping sequence may apply to the starting point of a USS. 
     [Table 4] illustrates the sizes of CSSs and USSs. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 PDCCH 
                 Number of 
                 Number of candidates 
                 Number of candidates 
               
               
                 format 
                 CCEs (n) 
                 in common search space 
                 in dedicated search space 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 0 
                 1 
                 — 
                 6 
               
               
                 1 
                 2 
                 — 
                 6 
               
               
                 2 
                 4 
                 4 
                 2 
               
               
                 3 
                 8 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     To mitigate the load of the UE caused by the number of blind decoding attempts, the UE does not search for all defined DCI formats simultaneously. Specifically, the UE always searches for DCI Format 0 and DCI Format 1A in a USS. Although DCI Format 0 and DCI Format 1A are of the same size, the UE may distinguish the DCI formats by a flag for format 0/format 1a differentiation included in a PDCCH. Other DCI formats than DCI Format 0 and DCI Format 1A, such as DCI Format 1, DCI Format 1B, and DCI Format 2 may be required for the UE. 
     The UE may search for DCI Format 1A and DCI Format 1C in a CSS. The UE may also be configured to search for DCI Format 3 or 3A in the CSS. Although DCI Format 3 and DCI Format 3A have the same size as DCI Format 0 and DCI Format 1A, the UE may distinguish the DCI formats by a CRC scrambled with an ID other than a UE-specific ID. 
     An SS S k   (L)  is a PDCCH candidate set with a CCE aggregation level L∈{1,2,4,8}. The CCEs of PDCCH candidate set m in the SS may be determined by the following equation.
 
 L ·{( Y   k   +m )mod └ N   CCE,k   /L┘}+i   [Equation 1]
 
     where M (L)  is the number of PDCCH candidates with CCE aggregation level L to be monitored in the SS, m=0, . . . , M (L) −1, i is the index of a CCE in each PDCCH candidate, and i=0, . . . , L−1, k=└n s /2┘ where is the index of a slot in a radio frame. 
     As described before, the UE monitors both the USS and the CSS to decode a PDCCH. The CSS supports PDCCHs with CCE aggregation levels {4, 8} and the USS supports PDCCHs with CCE aggregation levels {1, 2, 4, 8}. [Table 5] illustrates PDCCH candidates monitored by a UE. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Search space S k   (L)   
                 Number of PDCCH 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Type 
                 Aggregation level L 
                 Size [in CCEs] 
                 candidates M (L)   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 UE- 
                 1 
                 6 
                 6 
               
               
                 specific 
                 2 
                 12 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 8 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 16 
                 2 
               
               
                 Common 
                 4 
                 16 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 16 
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Referring to [Equation 1], for two aggregation levels, L=4 and L=8, Y k  is set to 0 in the CSS, whereas Y k  is defined by [Equation 2] for aggregation level L in the USS.
 
 Y   k =( A·Y   k−1 )mod  D   [Equation 2]
 
     where Y −1 =n RNTI ≠0, n RNTI  indicating an RNTI value. A=39827 and D=65537. 
     1.3. PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) 
     PUCCH may include the following formats to transmit control information. 
     (1) Format 1: On-Off keying (OOK) modulation, used for SR (Scheduling Request) 
     (2) Format 1a &amp; 1b: Used for ACK/NACK transmission
         1) Format 1a: BPSK ACK/NACK for 1 codeword   2) Format 1b: QPSK ACK/NACK for 2 codewords       

     (3) Format 2: QPSK modulation, used for CQI transmission 
     (4) Format 2a &amp; Format 2b: Used for simultaneous transmission of CQI and ACK/NACK 
     (5) Format 3: Used for multiple ACK/NACK transmission in a carrier aggregation environment 
     Table 6 shows a modulation scheme according to PUCCH format and the number of bits per subframe. Table 7 shows the number of reference signals (RS) per slot according to PUCCH format. Table 8 shows SC-FDMA symbol location of RS (reference signal) according to PUCCH format. In Table 6, PUCCH format 2a and PUCCH format 2b correspond to a case of normal cyclic prefix (CP). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 PUCCH 
                   
                 No. of bits per 
               
               
                 format 
                 Modulation scheme 
                 subframe, Mbit 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 1  
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
               
               
                 1a 
                 BPSK 
                 1 
               
               
                 1b 
                 QPSK 
                 2 
               
               
                 2  
                 QPSK 
                 20 
               
               
                 2a 
                 QPSK + BPSK 
                 21 
               
               
                 2b 
                 QPSK + BPSK 
                 22 
               
               
                 3  
                 QPSK 
                 48 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 PUCCH 
                   
                   
               
               
                 format 
                 Normal CP 
                 Extended CP 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 1, 1a, 1b 
                 3 
                 2 
               
               
                 2, 3 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                 2a, 2b 
                 2 
                 N/A 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
                             TABLE 8                  PUCCH   SC-FDMA symbol location of RS                             format   Normal CP   Extended CP               1, 1a, 1b   2, 3, 4   2, 3       2, 3   1, 5   3       2a, 2b   1, 5   N/A                    
prefix. And,  FIG. 7  shows PUCCH formats 1a and 1b in case of an extended cyclic prefix.
 
     According to the PUCCH formats 1a and 1b, control information of the same content is repeated in a subframe by slot unit. In each user equipment, ACK/NACK signal is transmitted on a different resource constructed with a different cyclic shift (CS) (frequency domain code) and an orthogonal cover (OC) or orthogonal cover code (OCC) (time domain spreading code) of CG-CAZAC (computer-generated constant amplitude zero auto correlation) sequence. For instance, the OC includes Walsh/DFT orthogonal code. If the number of CS and the number of OC are 6 and 3, respectively, total 18 user equipments may be multiplexed within the same PRB (physical resource block) with reference to a single antenna. Orthogonal sequences w0, w1, w2 and w3 may be applicable to a random time domain (after FFT modulation) or a random frequency domain (before FFT modulation). 
     For persistent scheduling with SR, ACK/NACK resource constructed with CS, OC and PRB (physical resource block) may be allocated to a user equipment through RRC (radio resource control. For non-persistent scheduling with dynamic ACK/NACK, the ACK/NACK resource may be implicitly allocated to a user equipment using a smallest CCE index of PDCCH corresponding to PDSCH. 
     Length-4 orthogonal sequence (OC) and length-3 orthogonal sequence for PUCCH format 1/1a/1b are shown in Table 9 and Table 10, respectively. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sequence 
                 Orthogonal sequences 
               
               
                   
                 index n oc  (n s ) 
                 [w(0) . . . w(N SF   PUCCH  − 1) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 [+1 +1 +1 +1] 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 [+1 −1 +1 −1] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 [+1 −1 −1 +1] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sequence 
                 Orthogonal sequences 
               
               
                   
                 index n oc  (n s ) 
                 [w(0) . . . w(N SF   PUCCH  − 1] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 [1 1 1] 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 [1 e j2π/3  e j4π/3 ] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 [1 e j4π/3  e j2π/3 ] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Orthogonal sequence (OC) [ w (0) . . .  w (N SF   PUCCH −1)] for a reference signal in PUCCH format 1/1a/1b is shown in Table 11. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Sequence index 
                   
                   
               
               
                   n   oc  (n s ) 
                 Normal cyclic prefix 
                 Extended cyclic prefix 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 0 
                 [1 1 1] 
                 [1 1] 
               
               
                 1 
                 [1 e j2π/3  e j4π/3 ] 
                 [1 −1] 
               
               
                 2 
                 [1 e j4π/3  e j2π/3 ] 
                 N/A 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 8  shows PUCCH format 2/2a/2b in case of a normal cyclic prefix. And,  FIG. 9  shows PUCCH format 2/2a/2b in case of an extended cyclic prefix. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8  and  FIG. 9 , in case of a normal CP, a subframe is constructed with 10 QPSK data symbols as well as RS symbol. Each QPSK symbol is spread in a frequency domain by CS and is then mapped to a corresponding SC-FDMA symbol. SC-FDMA symbol level CS hopping may be applied to randomize inter-cell interference. The RS may be multiplexed by CDM using a cyclic shift. For instance, assuming that the number of available CSs is 12, 12 user equipments may be multiplexed in the same PRB. For instance, assuming that the number of available CSs is 6, 6 user equipments may be multiplexed in the same PRB. In brief, a plurality of user equipments in PUCCH format 1/1a/1b and PUCCH format 2/2a/2b may be multiplexed by ‘CS+OC+PRB’ and ‘CS+PRB’, respectively. 
       FIG. 10  is a diagram of ACK/NACK channelization for PUCCH formats 1a and 1b. In particular,  FIG. 10  corresponds to a case of ‘Δ shift   PUCCH =2’ 
       FIG. 11  is a diagram of channelization for a hybrid structure of PUCCH format 1/1a/1b and PUCCH format 2/2a/2b. 
     Cyclic shift (CS) hopping and orthogonal cover (OC) remapping may be applicable in a following manner. 
     (1) Symbol-based cell-specific CS hopping for randomization of inter-cell interference 
     (2) Slot level CS/OC remapping
         1) For inter-cell interference randomization   2) Slot based access for mapping between ACK/NACK channel and resource (k)       

     Meanwhile, resource n r  for PUCCH format 1/1a/1b may include the following combinations. 
     (1) CS (=equal to DFT orthogonal code at symbol level) (n cs ) 
     (2) OC (orthogonal cover at slot level) (n oc ) 
     (3) Frequency RB (Resource Block) (n rb ) 
     If indexes indicating CS, OC and RB are set to n cs , n oc , n rb , respectively, a representative index n r  may include n cs , n oc  and n rb . In this case, the n r  may meet the condition of ‘n r =(n cs , n oc , n rb )’. 
     The combination of CQI, PMI, RI, CQI and ACK/NACK may be delivered through the PUCCH format 2/2a/2b. And, Reed Muller (RM) channel coding may be applicable. 
     For instance, channel coding for UL (uplink) CQI in LTE system may be described as follows. First of all, bitstreams a 0 , a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , . . . , a A-1  may be coded using (20, A) RM code. In this case, a 0  and a A-1  indicates MSB (Most Significant Bit) and LSB (Least Significant Bit), respectively. In case of an extended cyclic prefix, maximum information bits include 11 bits except a case that QI and ACK/NACK are simultaneously transmitted. After coding has been performed with 20 bits using the RM code, QPSK modulation may be applied. Before the BPSK modulation, coded bits may be scrambled. 
     Table 12 shows a basic sequence for (20, A) code. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 i 
                 M i, 0   
                 M i, 1   
                 M i, 2   
                 M i, 3   
                 M i, 4   
                 M i, 5   
                 M i, 6   
                 M i, 7   
                 M i, 8   
                 M i, 9   
                 M i, 10   
                 M i, 11   
                 M i, 12   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                 2 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 3 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 4 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 5 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 6 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 7 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 8 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 9 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 10 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 11 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 12 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 13 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 14 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 15 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 16 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 17 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 18 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 19 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Channel coding bits b 0 , b 1 , b 2 , b 3 , . . . , b B-1  may be generated by Formula 1. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     b 
                     i 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       ∑ 
                       
                         n 
                         - 
                         0 
                       
                       
                         A 
                         - 
                         1 
                       
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           
                             a 
                             n 
                           
                           · 
                           
                             M 
                             
                               i 
                               , 
                               n 
                             
                           
                         
                         ) 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       mod 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       2 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     Formula 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     3 
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula 3, ‘i=0, 1, 2, . . . , B−1’ is met. 
     In case of wideband repots, a bandwidth of UCI (uplink control information) field for CQI/PMI can be represented as Tables 8 to 10 in the following. 
     Table 13 shows UCI (Uplink Control Information) field for broadband report (single antenna port, transmit diversity) or open loop spatial multiplexing PDSCH CQI feedback. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 13 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Field 
                 Bandwidth 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Broadband CQI 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 14 shows UL control information (UCI) field for CQI and PMI feedback in case of wideband reports (closed loop spatial multiplexing PDSCH transmission). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 14 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Bandwidth 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 2 antenna ports 
                 4 antenna ports 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Field 
                 rank = 1 
                 rank = 2 
                 rank = 1 
                 Rank &gt; 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Wideband CQI 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
               
               
                 Spatial differential CQI 
                 0 
                 3 
                 0 
                 3 
               
               
                 Precoding Matrix 
                 2 
                 1 
                 4 
                 4 
               
               
                 Indication 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 15 shows UL control information (UCI) field for RI feedback in case of wideband reports. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 15 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Bit widths 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 4 antenna ports 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Field 
                 2 antenna ports 
                 Max. 2 layers 
                 Max. 4 layers 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Rank Indication 
                 1 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 12  is a diagram for PRB allocation. Referring to  FIG. 20 , PRB may be usable for PUCCH transmission in a slot n s . 
     2. Carrier Aggregation (CA) Environment 
     2.1 CA Overview 
     A 3GPP LTE system (conforming to Rel-8 or Rel-9) (hereinafter, referred to as an LTE system) uses Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) in which a single Component Carrier (CC) is divided into a plurality of bands. In contrast, a 3GPP LTE-A system (hereinafter, referred to an LTE-A system) may use CA by aggregating one or more CCs to support a broader system bandwidth than the LTE system. The term CA is interchangeably used with carrier combining, multi-CC environment, or multi-carrier environment. 
     In the present disclosure, multi-carrier means CA (or carrier combining). Herein, CA covers aggregation of contiguous carriers and aggregation of non-contiguous carriers. The number of aggregated CCs may be different for a DL and a UL. If the number of DL CCs is equal to the number of UL CCs, this is called symmetric aggregation. If the number of DL CCs is different from the number of UL CCs, this is called asymmetric aggregation. The term CA is interchangeable with carrier combining, bandwidth aggregation, spectrum aggregation, etc. 
     The LTE-A system aims to support a bandwidth of up to 100 MHz by aggregating two or more CCs, that is, by CA. To guarantee backward compatibility with a legacy IMT system, each of one or more carriers, which has a smaller bandwidth than a target bandwidth, may be limited to a bandwidth used in the legacy system. 
     For example, the legacy 3GPP LTE system supports bandwidths {1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz} and the 3GPP LTE-A system may support a broader bandwidth than 20 MHz using these LTE bandwidths. A CA system of the present disclosure may support CA by defining a new bandwidth irrespective of the bandwidths used in the legacy system. 
     There are two types of CA, intra-band CA and inter-band CA. Intra-band CA means that a plurality of DL CCs and/or UL CCs are successive or adjacent in frequency. In other words, the carrier frequencies of the DL CCs and/or UL CCs are positioned in the same band. On the other hand, an environment where CCs are far away from each other in frequency may be called inter-band CA. In other words, the carrier frequencies of a plurality of DL CCs and/or UL CCs are positioned in different bands. In this case, a UE may use a plurality of Radio Frequency (RF) ends to conduct communication in a CA environment. 
     The LTE-A system adopts the concept of cell to manage radio resources. The above-described CA environment may be referred to as a multi-cell environment. A cell is defined as a pair of DL and UL CCs, although the UL resources are not mandatory. Accordingly, a cell may be configured with DL resources alone or DL and UL resources. 
     For example, if one serving cell is configured for a specific UE, the UE may have one DL CC and one UL CC. If two or more serving cells are configured for the UE, the UE may have as many DL CCs as the number of the serving cells and as many UL CCs as or fewer UL CCs than the number of the serving cells, or vice versa. That is, if a plurality of serving cells are configured for the UE, a CA environment using more UL CCs than DL CCs may also be supported. 
     CA may be regarded as aggregation of two or more cells having different carrier frequencies (center frequencies). Herein, the term ‘cell’ should be distinguished from ‘cell’ as a geographical area covered by an eNB. Hereinafter, intra-band CA is referred to as intra-band multi-cell and inter-band CA is referred to as inter-band multi-cell. 
     In the LTE-A system, a Primacy Cell (PCell) and a Secondary Cell (SCell) are defined. A PCell and an SCell may be used as serving cells. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED state, if CA is not configured for the UE or the UE does not support CA, a single serving cell including only a PCell exists for the UE. On the contrary, if the UE is in RRC_CONNECTED state and CA is configured for the UE, one or more serving cells may exist for the UE, including a PCell and one or more SCells. 
     Serving cells (PCell and SCell) may be configured by an RRC parameter. A physical-layer ID of a cell, PhysCellld is an integer value ranging from 0 to 503. A short ID of an SCell, SCellIndex is an integer value ranging from 1 to 7. A short ID of a serving cell (PCell or SCell), ServeCellIndex is an integer value ranging from 1 to 7. If ServeCellIndex is 0, this indicates a PCell and the values of ServeCellIndex for SCells are pre-assigned. That is, the smallest cell ID (or cell index) of ServeCellIndex indicates a PCell. 
     A PCell refers to a cell operating in a primary frequency (or a primary CC). A UE may use a PCell for initial connection establishment or connection reestablishment. The PCell may be a cell indicated during handover. In addition, the PCell is a cell responsible for control-related communication among serving cells configured in a CA environment. That is, PUCCH allocation and transmission for the UE may take place only in the PCell. In addition, the UE may use only the PCell in acquiring system information or changing a monitoring procedure. An Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) may change only a PCell for a handover procedure by a higher-layer RRCConnectionReconfiguraiton message including mobilityControlInfo to a UE supporting CA. 
     An SCell may refer to a cell operating in a secondary frequency (or a secondary CC). Although only one PCell is allocated to a specific UE, one or more SCells may be allocated to the UE. An SCell may be configured after RRC connection establishment and may be used to provide additional radio resources. There is no PUCCH in cells other than a PCell, that is, in SCells among serving cells configured in the CA environment. 
     When the E-UTRAN adds an SCell to a UE supporting CA, the E-UTRAN may transmit all system information related to operations of related cells in RRC_CONNECTED state to the UE by dedicated signaling. Changing system information may be controlled by releasing and adding a related SCell. Herein, a higher-layer RRCConnectionReconfiguration message may be used. The E-UTRAN may transmit a dedicated signal having a different parameter for each cell rather than it broadcasts in a related SCell. 
     After an initial security activation procedure starts, the E-UTRAN may configure a network including one or more SCells by adding the SCells to a PCell initially configured during a connection establishment procedure. In the CA environment, each of a PCell and an SCell may operate as a CC. Hereinbelow, a Primary CC (PCC) and a PCell may be used in the same meaning and a Secondary CC (SCC) and an SCell may be used in the same meaning in embodiments of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 13  illustrates an example of CCs and CA in the LTE-A system, which are used in embodiments of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 13( a )  illustrates a single carrier structure in the LTE system. There are a DL CC and a UL CC and one CC may have a frequency range of 20 MHz. 
       FIG. 13( b )  illustrates a CA structure in the LTE-A system. In the illustrated case of  FIG. 13( b ) , three CCs each having 20 MHz are aggregated. While three DL CCs and three UL CCs are configured, the numbers of DL CCs and UL CCs are not limited. In CA, a UE may monitor three CCs simultaneously, receive a DL signal/DL data in the three CCs, and transmit a UL signal/UL data in the three CCs. 
     If a specific cell manages N DL CCs, the network may allocate M (M≤N) DL CCs to a UE. The UE may monitor only the M DL CCs and receive a DL signal in the M DL CCs. The network may prioritize L (L≤M≤N) DL CCs and allocate a main DL CC to the UE. In this case, the UE should monitor the L DL CCs. The same thing may apply to UL transmission. 
     The linkage between the carrier frequencies of DL resources (or DL CCs) and the carrier frequencies of UL resources (or UL CCs) may be indicated by a higher-layer message such as an RRC message or by system information. For example, a set of DL resources and UL resources may be configured based on linkage indicated by System Information Block Type 2 (SIB2). Specifically, DL-UL linkage may refer to a mapping relationship between a DL CC carrying a PDCCH with a UL grant and a UL CC using the UL grant, or a mapping relationship between a DL CC (or a UL CC) carrying HARQ data and a UL CC (or a DL CC) carrying an HARQ ACK/NACK signal. 
     2.2 Cross Carrier Scheduling 
     Two scheduling schemes, self-scheduling and cross carrier scheduling are defined for a CA system, from the perspective of carriers or serving cells. Cross carrier scheduling may be called cross CC scheduling or cross cell scheduling. 
     In self-scheduling, a PDCCH (carrying a DL grant) and a PDSCH are transmitted in the same DL CC or a PUSCH is transmitted in a UL CC linked to a DL CC in which a PDCCH (carrying a UL grant) is received. 
     In cross carrier scheduling, a PDCCH (carrying a DL grant) and a PDSCH are transmitted in different DL CCs or a PUSCH is transmitted in a UL CC other than a UL CC linked to a DL CC in which a PDCCH (carrying a UL grant) is received. 
     Cross carrier scheduling may be activated or deactivated UE-specifically and indicated to each UE semi-statically by higher-layer signaling (e.g. RRC signaling). 
     If cross carrier scheduling is activated, a Carrier Indicator Field (CIF) is required in a PDCCH to indicate a DL/UL CC in which a PDSCH/PUSCH indicated by the PDCCH is to be transmitted. For example, the PDCCH may allocate PDSCH resources or PUSCH resources to one of a plurality of CCs by the CIE That is, when a PDCCH of a DL CC allocates PDSCH or PUSCH resources to one of aggregated DL/UL CCs, a CIF is set in the PDCCH. In this case, the DCI formats of LTE Release-8 may be extended according to the CIF. The CIF may be fixed to three bits and the position of the CIF may be fixed irrespective of a DCI format size. In addition, the LTE Release-8 PDCCH structure (the same coding and resource mapping based on the same CCEs) may be reused. 
     On the other hand, if a PDCCH transmitted in a DL CC allocates PDSCH resources of the same DL CC or allocates PUSCH resources in a single UL CC linked to the DL CC, a CIF is not set in the PDCCH. In this case, the LTE Release-8 PDCCH structure (the same coding and resource mapping based on the same CCEs) may be used. 
     If cross carrier scheduling is available, a UE needs to monitor a plurality of PDCCHs for DCI in the control region of a monitoring CC according to the transmission mode and/or bandwidth of each CC. Accordingly, an appropriate SS configuration and PDCCH monitoring are needed for the purpose. 
     In the CA system, a UE DL CC set is a set of DL CCs scheduled for a UE to receive a PDSCH, and a UE UL CC set is a set of UL CCs scheduled for a UE to transmit a PUSCH. A PDCCH monitoring set is a set of one or more DL CCs in which a PDCCH is monitored. The PDCCH monitoring set may be identical to the UE DL CC set or may be a subset of the UE DL CC set. The PDCCH monitoring set may include at least one of the DL CCs of the UE DL CC set. Or the PDCCH monitoring set may be defined irrespective of the UE DL CC set. DL CCs included in the PDCCH monitoring set may be configured to always enable self-scheduling for UL CCs linked to the DL CCs. The UE DL CC set, the UE UL CC set, and the PDCCH monitoring set may be configured UE-specifically, UE group-specifically, or cell-specifically. 
     If cross carrier scheduling is deactivated, this implies that the PDCCH monitoring set is always identical to the UE DL CC set. In this case, there is no need for signaling the PDCCH monitoring set. However, if cross carrier scheduling is activated, the PDCCH monitoring set may be defined within the UE DL CC set. That is, the eNB transmits a PDCCH only in the PDCCH monitoring set to schedule a PDSCH or PUSCH for the UE. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates a cross carrier-scheduled subframe structure in the LTE-A system, which is used in embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 14 , three DL CCs are aggregated for a DL subframe for LTE-A UEs. DL CC ‘A’ is configured as a PDCCH monitoring DL CC. If a CIF is not used, each DL CC may deliver a PDCCH that schedules a PDSCH in the same DL CC without a CIF. On the other hand, if the CIF is used by higher-layer signaling, only DL CC ‘A’ may carry a PDCCH that schedules a PDSCH in the same DL CC ‘A’ or another CC. Herein, no PDCCH is transmitted in DL CC ‘B’ and DL CC ‘C’ that are not configured as PDCCH monitoring DL CCs. 
       FIG. 15  is conceptual diagram illustrating a construction of serving cells according to cross-carrier scheduling. 
     Referring to  FIG. 15 , an eNB (or BS) and/or UEs for use in a radio access system supporting carrier aggregation (CA) may include one or more serving cells. In  FIG. 8 , the eNB can support a total of four serving cells (cells A, B, C and D). It is assumed that UE A may include Cells (A, B, C), UE B may include Cells (B, C, D), and UE C may include Cell B. In this case, at least one of cells of each UE may be composed of P Cell. In this case, P Cell is always activated, and S Cell may be activated or deactivated by the eNB and/or UE. 
     The cells shown in  FIG. 15  may be configured per UE. The above-mentioned cells selected from among cells of the eNB, cell addition may be applied to carrier aggregation (CA) on the basis of a measurement report message received from the UE. The configured cell may reserve resources for ACK/NACK message transmission in association with PDSCH signal transmission. The activated cell is configured to actually transmit a PDSCH signal and/or a PUSCH signal from among the configured cells, and is configured to transmit CSI reporting and Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) transmission. The deactivated cell is configured not to transmit/receive PDSCH/PUSCH signals by an eNB command or a timer operation, and CRS reporting and SRS transmission are interrupted. 
     2. 3 CSI (Channel State Information) Feedback Through PUCCH 
     First of all, in the 3GPP LTE system, when a DL reception entity (e.g., a user equipment) is connected to a DL transmission entity (e.g., a base station), the DL reception entity performs measurement on a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a reference signal transmitted in DL, a quality of a reference signal (RSRQ: reference signal received quality) and the like at a random time and is then able to make a periodic or even-triggered report of a corresponding measurement result to the base station. 
     Each user equipment reports a DL channel information in accordance with a DL channel status via uplink. A base station is then able to determine time/frequency resources, MCS (modulation and coding scheme) and the like appropriate for a data transmission to each user equipment using the DL channel information received from the each user equipment. 
     Such channel state information (CSI) may include CQI (Channel Quality Indication), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), PTI (Precoder Type Indication) and/or RI (Rank Indication). In particular, the CSI may be transmitted entirely or partially depending on a transmission mode of each user equipment. CQI is determined based on a received signal quality of a user equipment, which may be generally determined on the basis of a measurement of a DL reference signal. In doing so, a CQI value actually delivered to a base station may correspond to an MCS capable of providing maximum performance by maintaining a block error rate (BLER) under 10% in the received signal quality measured by a user equipment. 
     This channel information reporting may be classified into a periodic report transmitted periodically and an aperiodic report transmitted in response to a request made by a base station. 
     In case of the aperiodic report, it is set for each user equipment by a 1-bit request bit (CQI request bit) contained in UL scheduling information downloaded to a user equipment by a base station. Having received this information, each user equipment is then able to deliver channel information to the base station via a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) in consideration of its transmission mode. And, it may set RI and CQI/PMI not to be transmitted on the same PUSCH. 
     In case of the periodic report, a period for transmitting channel information via an upper layer signal, an offset in the corresponding period and the like are signaled to each user equipment by subframe unit and channel information in consideration of a transmission mode of each user equipment may be delivered to a base station via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) in accordance with a determined period. In case that data transmitted in uplink simultaneously exists in a subframe in which channel information is transmitted by a determined period, the corresponding channel information may be transmitted together with the data not on the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) but on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In case of the periodic report via PUCCH, bits (e.g., 11 bits) limited further than those of the PUSCH may be used. RI and CQI/PMI may be transmitted on the same PUSCH. 
     In case that contention occurs between the periodic report and the aperiodic report in the same subframe, only the aperiodic report can be performed. 
     In calculating Wideband CQI/PMI, a most recently transmitted RI may be usable. RI in a PUCCH CSI report mode is independent from RI in a PUSCH CSI report mode. The RI in the PUSCH CSI report mode is valid for CQI/PMI in the corresponding PUSCH CSI report mode only. 
     Table 16 is provided to describe CSI feedback type transmitted on PUCCH and PUCCH CSI report mode. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 16 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 PMI Feedback Type 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 No PMI (OL, TD, single-antenna) 
                 Single PMI (CL) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 CQI 
                 Wideband 
                 Mode 1-0 
                 Mode 1-1 
               
               
                 Feedback 
                   
                 RI (only for Open-Loop SM) 
                 RI 
               
               
                 Type 
                   
                 One Wideband CQI (4 bit) 
                 Wideband CQI (4 bit) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 when RI &gt; 1, CQI of first codeword 
                 Wideband spatial CQI (3 bit) for RI &gt; 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Wideband PMI (4 bit) 
               
               
                   
                 UE 
                 Mode 2-0 
                 Mode 2-1 
               
               
                   
                 Selected 
                 RI (only for Open-Loop SM) 
                 RI 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Wideband CQI (4 bit) 
                 Wideband CQI (4 bit) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Best-1 CQI (4 bit) in each BP 
                 Wideband spatial CQI (3 bit) for RI &gt; 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Best-1 indicator(L-bit label) 
                 Wideband PMI (4 bit) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 when RI &gt; 1, CQI of first codeword 
                 Best-1 CQI (4 bit) 1 in each BP 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Best-1 spatial CQI (3 bit) for RI &gt; 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Best-1 indicator (L-bit label) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Referring to Table 16, in the periodic report of channel information, there are 4 kinds of reporting modes (mode 1-0, mode 1-2, mode 2-0 and mode 2-1) in accordance with CQI and PMI feedback types. 
     CQI can be classified into WB (wideband) CQI and SB (subband) CQI in accordance with CQI feedback type and PMI can be classified into No PMI or Single PMI in accordance with a presence or non-presence of PMI transmission. In Table 11, No PMI corresponds to a case of open-loop (OL), transmit diversity (TD) and single-antenna, while Single PMI corresponds to a case of closed-loop (CL). 
     The mode 1-0 corresponds to a case that WB CQI is transmitted in the absence of PMI transmission. In this case, RI is transmitted only in case of open-loop (OL) spatial multiplexing (SM) and one WB CQI represented as 4 bits can be transmitted. If RI is greater than 1, CQI for a 1 St  codeword can be transmitted. 
     The mode 1-1 corresponds to a case that a single PMI and WB CQI are transmitted. In this case, 4-bit WB CQI and 4-bit WB PMI can be transmitted together with RI transmission. Additionally, if RI is greater than 1, 3-bit WB (wideband) spatial differential CQI can be transmitted. In 2-codeword transmission, the WB spatial differential CQI may indicate a difference value between a WB CQI index for codeword 1 and a WB CQI index for codeword 2. The difference value in-between may have a value selected from a set {−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3} and can be represented as 3 bits. 
     The mode 2-0 corresponds to a case that CQI on a UE-selected band is transmitted in the absence of PMI transmission. In this case, RI is transmitted only in case of open-loop spatial multiplexing (SM) and a WB CQI represented as 4 bits may be transmitted. A best CQI (best-1) is transmitted on each bandwidth part (BP) and the best-1 CQI may be represented as 4 bits. And, an L-bit indicator indicating the best-1 may be transmitted together. If the RI is greater than 1, a CQI for a 1 St  codeword can be transmitted. 
     And, the mode 2-1 corresponds to a case that a single PMI and a CQI on a UE-selected band are transmitted. In this case, together with RI transmission, 4-bit WB CQI, 3-bit WB spiral differential CQI and 4-bit WB PMI can be transmitted. Additionally, 4-bit best-1 CQI is transmitted on each bandwidth part (BP) and L-bit best-1 indicator can be transmitted together. Additionally, if RI is greater than 1, 3-bit best-1 spatial differential CQI can be transmitted. In 2-codeword transmission, it may indicate a difference value between a best-1 CQI index of codeword 1 and a best-1 CQI index of codeword 2. 
     For the transmission modes, periodic PUCCH CSI report modes are supported as follows. 
     1) Transmission mode 1: Modes 1-0 and 2-0 
     2) Transmission mode 2: Modes 1-0 and 2-0 
     3) Transmission mode 3: Modes 1-0 and 2-0 
     4) Transmission mode 4: Modes 1-1 and 2-1 
     5) Transmission mode 5: Modes 1-1 and 2-1 
     6) Transmission mode 6: Modes 1-1 and 2-1 
     7) Transmission mode 7: Modes 1-0 and 2-0 
     8) Transmission mode 8: Modes 1-1 and 2-1 if a user equipment is set to make a PMI/RI reporting, or Modes 1-0 and 2-0 if a user equipment is set not to make a PMI/RI reporting 
     9) Transmission mode 9: Modes 1-1 and 2-1 if a user equipment is set to make a PMI/RI reporting and the number of CSI-RS ports is greater than 1, or Modes 1-0 and 2-0 if a user equipment is set not to make a PMI/RI reporting and the number of CSI-RS port(s) is equal to 1. 
     The periodic PUCCH CSIU reporting mode in each serving cell is set by upper layer signaling. And, the mode 1-1 is set to either submode 1 or submode 2 by an upper layer signaling using a parameter ‘PUCCH_format1-1_CSI_reporting_mode’. 
     A CQI reporting in a specific subframe of a specific serving cell in a UE-selected SB CQI means a measurement of at least one channel state of a bandwidth part (BP) corresponding to a portion of a bandwidth of a serving cell. An index is given to the bandwidth part in a frequency increasing order starting with a lowest frequency without an increment of a bandwidth. 
     3. ACK/NACK Transmission Method Using PUCCH 
     3.1 ACK/NACK Transmission in LTE System 
     Under the situation that a UE simultaneously transmits a plurality of ACKs/NACKs corresponding to multiple data units received from an eNB, in order to maintain the single-carrier property of ACK/NACK signals and reduce the total ACK/NACK transmission power, ACK/NACK multiplexing method based on PUCCH resource selection can be considered. With ACK/NACK multiplexing, contents of the ACK/NACK signals for multiple data units are identified by the combination of the PUCCH resource used in actual ACK/NACK transmission and the one of QPSK modulation symbols. For example, if it is assumed that one PUCCH resource carries 4 bits and 4 data units can be transmitted in maximum (at this time, assume that HARQ operation for each data unit can be managed by single ACK/NACK bit), the transmission (TX) node can identify the ACK/NACK result based on the transmission position of the PUCCH signal and the bits of the ACK/NACK signal as shown in Table 17 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 HARQ-ACK(0), HARQ-ACK(1), 
                   
                 b(0), 
               
               
                 HARQ-ACK(2), HARQ-ACK(3) 
                 n PUCCH   (1)   
                 b(1) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 ACK, ACK, ACK, ACK 
                 n PUCCH, 1   (1)   
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 ACK, ACK, ACK, NACK/DTX 
                 n PUCCH, 1   (1)   
                 1, 0 
               
               
                 NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, NACK, DTX 
                 n PUCCH, 2   (1)   
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 ACK, ACK, NACK/DTX, ACK 
                 n PUCCH, 1   (1)   
                 1, 0 
               
               
                 NACK, DTX, DTX, DTX 
                 n PUCCH, 0   (1)   
                 1, 0 
               
               
                 ACK, ACK, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX 
                 n PUCCH, 1   (1)   
                 1, 0 
               
               
                 ACK, NACK/DTX, ACK, ACK 
                 n PUCCH, 3   (1)   
                 0, 1 
               
               
                 NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, NACK 
                 n PUCCH, 3   (1)   
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 ACK, NACK/DTX, ACK, NACK/DTX 
                 n PUCCH, 2   (1)   
                 0, 1 
               
               
                 ACK, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, ACK 
                 n PUCCH, 0   (1)   
                 0, 1 
               
               
                 ACK, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX 
                 n PUCCH, 0   (1)   
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 NACK/DTX, ACK, ACK, ACK 
                 n PUCCH, 3   (1)   
                 0, 1 
               
               
                 NACK/DTX, NACK, DTX, DTX 
                 n PUCCH, 1   (1)   
                 0, 0 
               
               
                 NACK/DTX, ACK, ACK, NACK/DTX 
                 n PUCCH, 2   (1)   
                 1, 0 
               
               
                 NACK/DTX, ACK, NACK/DTX, ACK 
                 n PUCCH, 3   (1)   
                 1, 0 
               
               
                 NACK/DTX, ACK, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX 
                 n PUCCH, 1   (1)   
                 0, 1 
               
               
                 NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, ACK, ACK 
                 n PUCCH, 3   (1)   
                 0, 1 
               
               
                 NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, ACK, NACK/DTX 
                 n PUCCH, 2   (1)   
                 0, 0 
               
               
                 NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, ACK 
                 n PUCCH, 3   (1)   
                 0, 0 
               
               
                 DTX, DTX, DTX, DTX 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 17, HARQ-ACK(i) indicates the ACK/NACK result for the data unit i. For example, if a maximum of 4 data units is transmitted, i=0, 1, 2, 3. In Table 17, DTX means that there is no data unit transmitted for corresponding HARQ-ACK(i) or the reception (RX) node doesn&#39;t detect the existence of the data unit corresponding to HARQ-ACK(i). 
     In addition, n PUCCH,X   (1)  indicates the PUCCH resource which should be used in actual ACK/NACK transmission, if there are 4 PUCCH resources, a maximum of four PUCCH resources n PUCCH,0   (1) , n PUCCH,1   (1) , n PUCCH,2   (1) , and n PUCCH,3   (1)  may be allocated to the UE. 
     In addition, b(0),b(1) indicates two bits carried by the selected PUCCH resource. Modulation symbols which are transmitted through PUCCH resource are decided according to the bits. For example, if the RX node receives and decodes 4 data units successfully, the RX node should transmit two bits, (1, 1), using PUCCH resource n PUCCH,1   (1) . For another example, if the RX node receives 4 data units and fails in decoding the first and the third data units (corresponding to HARQ-ACK(0) and HARQ-ACK(2)), the RX node should transmit (1, 0) using n PUCCH,3   (1) . 
     By linking the actual ACK/NACK contents with the combination of PUCCH resource selection and the actual bit contents in the transmitted PUCCH resource in this way, ACK/NACK transmission using a single PUCCH resource for multiple data units is possible. 
     In ACK/NACK multiplexing method (see Table 17), basically, NACK and DTX are coupled as NACK/DTX if at least one ACK exists for all data units. This is because combinations of PUCCH resources and QPSK symbols are insufficient to cover all ACK, NACK and DTX hypotheses. On the other hand, for the case that no ACK exists for all data units (in other words, NACK or DTX only exists for all data units), single NACK decoupled with DTX is defined one as HARQ-ACK(i). In this case, PUCCH resource linked to the data unit corresponding to single NACK can be also reserved to transmit the signal of multiple ACKs/NACKs. 
     3.2 ACK/NACK Transmission in LTE-A System 
     In an LTE-A system (e.g., Rel-10, 11, 12, etc.), transmission of a plurality of ACK/NACK signals for a plurality of PDSCH signals, which is transmitted via a plurality of DL CCs, via a specific UL CC is considered. Unlike ACK/NACK transmission using PUCCH format 1a/1b of an LTE system, a plurality of ACK/NACK signals may be subjected to channel coding (e.g., Reed-Muller coding, Tail-biting convolutional coding, etc.) and then a plurality of ACK/NACK information/signals may be transmitted using PUCCH format 2 or a new PUCCH format (e.g., an E-PUCCH format) modified based on block spreading. 
       FIG. 16  shows an example of a new PUCCH format based on block spreading. 
     A block spreading scheme refers to a method for performing modulation using an SC-FDMA scheme unlike PUCCH format series 1 or 2 in an LTE system. The block spreading scheme refers to a scheme for time-domain spreading and transmitting a symbol sequence using an orthogonal cover code (OCC) as shown in  FIG. 17 . That is, the symbol sequence is spread using the OCC to multiplex control signals of several UEs in the same RB. 
     In the above-described PUCCH format 2, one symbol sequence is transmitted over the time domain and UE multiplexing is performed using cyclic shift (CCS) of a CAZAC sequence. However, in the new PUCCH format based on block spreading, one symbol sequence is transmitted over the frequency domain and UE multiplexing is performed using time-domain spreading based on an OCC. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG. 16 , one symbol sequence may be generated as five SC-FDMA symbols by an OCC of length-5 (that is, SF=5). Although a total of 2 RS symbols is used during one slot in  FIG. 16 , various methods using three RS symbols and using an OCC of SF=4 may be used. At this time, the RS symbols may be generated from a CAZAC sequence having specific cyclic shift and may be transmitted in the form in which a specific OCC is applied (multiplied by) to a plurality of RS symbols of the time domain. 
     In the embodiments of the present invention, for convenience of description, a multi-ACK/NACK transmission scheme based on channel coding using PUCCH format 2 or a new PUCCH format (e.g., an E-PUCCH format) is defined as a “multi-bit ACK/NACK coding transmission method”. 
     The multi-bit ACK/NACK coding method refers to a method for transmitting ACK/NACK code blocks generated by channel-coding ACK/NACK or DTX information (meaning that the PDCCH is not received/detected) for PDSCH signals transmitted on a plurality of DL CCs. 
     For example, when the UE operates on a certain DL CC in an SU-MIMO mode and receives two codewords (CW), the UE may have a maximum of five feedback states including a total of four feedback states of each CW, such as ACK/ACK, ACK/NACK, NACK/ACK and NACK/NACK, and DTX. When the UE receives a single CW, the UE may have a maximum of three states including ACK, NACK and/or DTX. When NACK and DTX are equally processed, the UE may have a total of two states such as ACK and NACK/DTX. 
     Accordingly, when the UE aggregates a maximum of five DL CCs and the UE operates on all DL CCs in an SU-MIMO mode, the UE may have a maximum of 55 transmittable feedback states. At this time, the size of ACK/NACK payload representing the 55 feedback states may be a total of 12 bits. If DTX and NACK are equally processed, the number of feedback states becomes 45 and the size of the ACK/NACK payload representing the feedback states is a total of 10 bits. 
     In an ACK/NACK multiplexing (that is, ACK/NACK selection) method applied to an LTE TDD system, fundamentally, an implicit ACK/NACK selection method in which an implicit PUCCH resource corresponding to a PDCCH scheduling each PDSCH (that is, linked to a smallest CCE index) is used for ACK/NACK transmission in order to secure a PUCCH resource of each UE. 
     In an LTE-A FDD system, transmission of a plurality of ACK/NACK signals for a plurality of PDSCH signals transmitted via a plurality of DL CCs via one UE-specific UL CC is considered. “ACK/NACK selection” methods using an implicit PUCCH resource linked to a PDCCH scheduling some or all DL CCs (that is, linked to a smallest CCE index nCCE or linked to nCCE and nCCE+1) or a combination of an implicit PUCCH and an explicit PUCCH resource pre-allocated to each UE via RRC signaling are considered. 
     Even in an LTE-A TDD system, aggregation of a plurality of CCs is considered. For example, when a plurality of CCs is aggregated, UE transmitting a plurality of ACK/NACK information/signals for a plurality of PDSCH signals transmitted via a plurality of DL subframes and a plurality of CCs via a specific CC (that is, A/N CC) in UL subframes corresponding to the plurality of DL subframes in which the PDSCH signals are transmitted is considered. 
     At this time, unlike LTE-A FDD, a method (that is, full ACK/NACK) for transmitting a plurality of ACK/NACK signals corresponding to a maximum number of CWs, which may be transmitted via all CCs allocated to the UE, for a plurality of DL subframes may be considered or a method (that is, bundled ACK/NACK) for applying ACK/NACK bundling to a CW, CC and/or a subframe region, reducing the number of transmitted ACKs/NACKs and performing transmission may be considered. 
     At this time, CW bundling means that ACK/NACK bundling for CW per CC is applied to each DL subframe and CC bundling means that ACK/NACK bundling for all or some CCs is applied to each DL subframe. In addition, subframe bundling means that ACK/NACK bundling for all or some DL subframes is applied to each CC. 
     As the subframe bundling method, an ACK counter method indicating a total number of ACKs (or the number of some ACKs) per CC for all PDSCH signals or DL grant PDCCHs received on each DL CC may be considered. At this time, the multi-bit ACK/NACK coding scheme or the ACK/NACK transmission scheme based on the ACK/NACK selection method may be configurably applied according to the size of the ACK/NACK payload per UE, that is, the size of the ACK/NACK payload for transmission of full or bundled ACK/NACK configured per UE. 
     3.3 Physical Uplink Control Channel Transmission and Reception Process 
     In a mobile communication system, one eNB transmits and receives data to and from a plurality of UEs via a wireless channel environment in one cell/sector. In a system operating using multiple carriers or the like, the eNB receives packet traffic from a wired Internet network and transmits the received packet traffic to each UE using a predetermined communication scheme. At this time, downlink scheduling is how the eNB determines when data is transmitted to which UE using which frequency domain. In addition, the eNB receives and demodulates data from the UE using a predetermined communication scheme and transmits packet traffic over a wired Internet network. Uplink scheduling is how the eNB determines when to enable which UE to transmit uplink data using which frequency domain. In general, a UE having a good channel state may transmit and receive data using more time and frequency resources. 
     In a system operating using multiple carriers or the like, resources may be roughly divided into a time domain and a frequency domain. The resources may be defined as resource blocks, which includes N subcarriers and M subframes or predetermined time units. At this time, N and M may be 1.  FIG. 17  is a diagram showing an example of configuring a resource block in time-frequency units. 
     In  FIG. 17 , one rectangle means one resource block and one resource block has several subcarriers on one axis and has a predetermined time unit (e.g., slots or subframes) on the other axis. 
     In downlink, an eNB schedules one or more resource blocks to a UE selected according to a determined scheduling rule and transmits data using resource bocks allocated to the UE. In uplink, the eNB schedules one or more resource blocks to a UE selected according to a predetermined scheduling rule and a UE transmits data in uplink using the allocated resources. 
     An error control method performed when a (sub)frame, in which data is transmitted and received, is lost or damaged after transmitting and receiving data after scheduling includes an automatic repeat request (ARQ) method and a hybrid ARQ (HARQ) method. 
     In the ARQ method, fundamentally, a transmitter waits for an acknowledgement (ACK) message after transmitting one (sub)frame and a receiver sends the ACK only upon receiving the sub(frame). When an error occurs in the (sub)frame, a negative ACK (NAK) message is sent and information on a reception frame, in which an error occurs, is removed from a receiver buffer. The transmitter transmits a subsequent (sub)frame upon receiving the ACK message but retransmits the (sub)frame upon receiving the NAK message. Unlike the ARQ method, in the HARQ method, when the received frame cannot be demodulated, the receiver transmits the NAK message to the transmitter, but the received frame is stored in a buffer during a predetermined time and is combined with a retransmitted frame, thereby increasing a reception success rate. 
     Recently, a HARQ method more efficient than the ARQ method is widely used. The HARQ method may be divided into various methods. For example, the HARQ method may be divided into a synchronous HARQ method and an asynchronous HARQ method according to retransmission timing and into a channel-adaptive HARQ method and a channel-non-adaptive HARQ method depending on whether the amount of resources used for retransmission is influenced by a channel state. 
     The synchronous HARQ method refers to a method of performing subsequent retransmission at timing determined by a system when initial transmission fails. For example, if it is assumed that retransmission is performed every four time units after initial transmission fails, retransmission timing is predetermined between the eNB and the UE and is not signaled. However, when the data transmission side receives a NAK message, the frame is retransmitted every four time units until an ACK message is received. 
     Meanwhile, the asynchronous HARQ method may be performed by newly scheduling retransmission timing or via additional signaling. The retransmission timing of the previously failed frame may be changed by several factors such as channel state. 
     The channel-non-adaptive HARQ method refers to a method of using scheduling information (e.g., the modulation method of the frame, the number of used resource blocks, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), etc.), which is set upon initial transmission, upon retransmission. In contrast, the channel-adaptive HARQ method refers to a method of changing such scheduling information according to the channel state. 
     For example, in the channel-non-adaptive HARQ method, a transmission side transmits data using six resource blocks upon initial transmission and retransmits data using six resource blocks upon retransmission. In contrast, in the channel-adaptive HARQ method, initial transmission is performed using six resource blocks and retransmission is performed using greater or less than six resource blocks according to the channel state. 
     Although there are four HARQ methods, the asynchronous and channel-adaptive HARQ method and the synchronous and channel-non-adaptive HARQ method are mainly used. The asynchronous and channel-adaptive HARQ method may maximize retransmission efficiency by adaptively changing the retransmission timing and the amount of used resources according to the channel state but may increase overhead. Accordingly, the asynchronous and channel-adaptive HARQ method is not generally considered for uplink. In contrast, the synchronous and channel-non-adaptive HARQ method may not cause overhead because retransmission timing and resource allocation are predetermined in the system, but has very low retransmission efficiency in a considerably changed channel state. 
     To this end, in the current 3GPP LTE/LTE-A system, the asynchronous HARQ method is used in downlink and the synchronous HARQ method is used in uplink. 
       FIG. 18  is a diagram showing an example of a resource allocation and retransmission method of an asynchronous HARQ method. 
     When an eNB transmits scheduling information in downlink, receives ACK/NAK information from a UE, and transmits next data, time delay occurs as shown in  FIG. 18 . This is channel propagation delay and delay occurring due to a time required for data decoding and data encoding. 
     A method of performing transmission using an independent HARQ process for data transmission without a gap during a delay period is being used. For example, if a shortest period from first data transmission to next data transmission is 7 subframes, data may be transmitted without a gap by setting 7 independent HARQ processes. In an LTE/LTE-A system, a maximum of eight HARQ processes may be allocated to one UE in non-MIMO. 
     4. HARQ Operation Method in Wireless Access System Supporting NOMA 
     4.1 NOMA 
     NOMA corresponds to a multiple access method for transmitting data of a plurality of users to the same resource by multiplexing the data.  FIG. 19  is a diagram for explaining NOMA and current multiple access methods via comparison. 
     Referring to  FIG. 19 , when data of a plurality of users are multiplexed, a multiple access method of W-CDMA reduces interference by securing orthogonality of a transport channel using an orthogonal code or a quasi-orthogonal code. Meanwhile, when data of a plurality of users are multiplexed, a multiple access method of OFDMA assigns the data to a different frequency band to secure orthogonality of a transport channel and reduce interference. 
     According to a multiple access method of NOMA, similar to the OFDMA, data of a different user is transmitted not only to a different frequency band but also to the same frequency band to increase transmission efficiency. In this case, assume that a receiver is able to eliminate an interference signal of a different user data assigned to the same frequency band. 
     Although there is no limit in the number of users that transmit data to the same frequency resource, for clarity, assume that the number of users transmitting data to the same frequency resource corresponds to 2. Assume that a transmitting end selects and transmits a UE 1  and a UE 2  to a specific frequency resource. In this case, a transmission signal can be represented as formula 4 described in the following.
 
 x =√{square root over ( P   1 )} x   1 +√{square root over ( P   2 )} x   2   [Formula 4]
 
     In formula 4, P i  and x i  correspond to transmit power of UE i  and data of the UE i , respectively. In this case, a reception signal of the UE i  can be represented as formula 5 described in the following.
 
 y   i   =h   i   x+w   i   [Formula 5]
 
     In formula 5, h i  corresponds to a parameter for indicating a fading channel. The h i  corresponds to AWGN that average corresponds to 0 and variance corresponds to σ h   2 . w i  corresponds to AWGN that average corresponds to 0 and variance corresponds to N 0,i . In case of the NOMA transmission method, while a plurality of UEs use the same resource, each of a plurality of the UEs can perform transmission with a different transmit power. For example, power can be differentiated as much as a distance between UEs. 
     In this case, if a channel gain of the UE i  corresponds to 
                        h   i          2       N     0   ,   i         ,         
the channel gain of the UE i  can be aligned in an ascending order. In this case, if the channel gain of the UE 1  is greater than a channel gain of the UE 2 
 
               (                h   1          2       N     0   ,   2         &gt;              h   2          2       N     0   ,   2           )     ,         
the UE 1  preferentially decodes data of the UE 2 , regenerates an interference signal using a decoding result of the UE 2 , and subtracts the interference signal from a reception signal of the UE 1 . If UE 2  decoding is successfully performed, it may be able to decode data of the UE 1  in an interference-free signal. In case of adopting a receiver of the aforementioned interference cancellation scheme, since it is important to decode interference signal without an error, it may be preferable to allocate more power to the data of the UE 2 . A UE can obtain capacity described in the following formula 6 using the above-mentioned decoding scheme.
 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
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     In formula 6, R, corresponds to capacity of UE i . 
     In order to compare the NOMA method with a legacy OFDMA multiple access method, if a system band greater than the total system band as much as a ∈[0. 1] times is assigned to the UE 1  and a system band greater than the total system band as much as (1−a) times is assigned to the UE 2 , capacity of each UE can be represented as formula 7 described in the following. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
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     In formula 6, if P 1 =P/5, P 2 =4P/5 (P: total transmit power) are assumed, it may obtain R 1 =4.39 bps/Hz, R 2 =0.74 bps/Hz. In formula 7, if P 1 =P 2 =P/2, a=0.5 are assumed, it may obtain R 1 =3.33 bps/Hz, R 2 =0.50 bps/Hz. Therefore, if the NOMA method is used, it is able to confirmed that the sum of capacity of UEs has a bigger value. In other words, it may be able to increase transmission efficiency using the NOMA method. 
     4.2 Method of Transmitting and Receiving Data Using NOMA Method 
     In the following, a method of transmitting and receiving data using the NOMA scheme is explained. 
     In case of performing NOMA, since a signal of a different user is multiplexed with the same transmission resource, it is required for a receiver to decode and cancel an interference signal. In this case, the interference signal corresponds to a different user data which is multiplexed to transmit data to a specific user. Hence, if a decoded interference signal is stored in a soft buffer and the signal is utilized when HARQ is retransmitted, it may enhance HARQ efficiency. In the embodiments of the present invention, a soft buffer can be installed in a memory or a processor of a terminal device. And, buffering means to store received data in the memory to decode the data or to store decoded data in the memory. In this case, a soft bit corresponds to a decoded data having a plurality of levels rather than ‘1’ or ‘0’. Hence, the soft bit can include information on data generated in a decoding procedure. 
     In the embodiments of the present invention, as shown in formula 6, assume that data of the UE 1  and the UE 2  are multiplexed and 
                        h   1          2       N     0   ,   1         &gt;              h   2          2       N     0   ,   2               
is satisfied. That is, assume a case that a channel gain of the UE 1  is greater than a channel gain of the UE 2 .
 
     In case of performing the NOMA method, if SINR of the UE 1  is greater than SINR of the UE 2 , the UE 1  performs detection while there exists interference of the UE 2 . If the UE 2  detects a signal of the UE 1 , regenerates the signal of the UE 1 , and eliminates the regenerated UE 1  signal from a reception signal, the UE 2  is able to detect interference-free UE 2  data. By doing so, it may be able to multiplex data of a plurality of users using the same resource. In the embodiments of the present invention, in order to obtain a HARQ combining gain from the data of the UE 1 , the present invention proposes to store not only the data of the UE 1  but also the data of the UE 2 . And, in order to obtain a HARQ combining gain from the data of the UE 2 , the present invention proposes to store not only the data of the UE 2  but also the data of the UE 1 . 
     First of all, assume a case that the UE 1  has succeeded in decoding the data of the UE 2  and eliminating interference of the UE 2 , but has failed in decoding the data of the UE 1 . If the UE 2  fails to decode the data of the UE 2 , both the data of the UE 1  and the data of the UE 2  are all retransmitted. 
     However, if the retransmission is performed, since the UE 1  has succeeded in decoding the data of the UE 2  in a previous transmission and the UE 1  stores the data of the UE 2 , the UE 1  can eliminate an interference signal of the UE 2  from a retransmitted reception signal without any error. 
     Meanwhile, if the UE 1  fails to decode the data of the UE 2 , since the UE 1  eliminates interference in a state that there is an error, it is unable to properly decode the data of the UE 1  and decoding of the data of the UE 1  fails. If the UE 2  fails to decode the data of the UE 2 , both the data of the UE 1  and the data of the UE 2  are all retransmitted. 
     In this case, since the UE 1  performing the NOMA method stores the data of the UE 2  received in a previous transmission, if the retransmitted data of the UE 2  is combined with the previously stored data of the UE 2 , a success rate of decoding the data of the UE 2  can be enhanced. Hence, a probability of cancelling an interference signal of the UE 2  without an error can be enhanced as well. It may lead to the increase of success rate in decoding the data of the UE 1 . By doing so, it may be able to enhance overall data transmission efficiency. 
     In the embodiments of the present invention, it may be preferable for an eNB to use a redundancy version different from a redundancy version for retransmitting the UE 2  data to obtain an incremental redundancy (IR) gain. Thus, it may be preferable for the eNB to transmit RV information on data combined for NOMA to the UE 1  and/or the UE 2  via higher layer signaling or L1 signaling. 
       FIG. 20  is a flowchart for explaining one of HARQ operation methods when data is transmitted and received using NOMA scheme. 
     In  FIG. 20 , for clarity, assume that an eNB transmits data to two UEs in DL via NOMA scheme. In this case, assume that a power amount used for transmitting data to each UE is differently configured. In this case, the power amount can be configured to be proportional or inversely proportional to a distance between the eNB and each UE. 
     The eNB can transmit RV information on data to be transmitted to the UE 1  and/or the UE 2  via a higher layer signal or a physical layer signal (i.e., L1 signal). If the RV information is transmitted via the physical layer signal, the RV information can be transmitted via PDCCH or E-PDCCH. In this case, if the RV information is transmitted on PDCCH, the RV information can be transmitted together with scheduling information in the step S 2020  described in the following [S 2010 ]. 
     The eNB can transmit PDCCH including scheduling information to schedule a radio resource for transmitting data using the NOMA scheme to the UE 1  and the UE 2 . In this case, the scheduling information transmitted to the UE 1  and the UE 2  may include not only radio resource allocation information but also transmit power information on data transmitted to each UE [S 2020 ]. 
     The eNB multiplexes data of the UE 1  and data of the UE 2  and may be then able to transmit multiplexed data via a resource region indicated by the resource allocation information with transmit power indicated by the transmit power information transmitted in the step S 2020 . In this case, the multiplexed data is transmitted via PDSCH [S 2030 ]. 
     The UE 1  preferentially decodes the data of the UE 2  [S 2040   a].    
     Subsequently, the UE 1  eliminates the data of the UE 2  (i.e., interference signal) from the multiplexed data to detect data of the UE 1 . That is, the UE 1  eliminates a decoded interference signal from the multiplexed data to detect the data of the UE 1  [S 2050   a].    
     The UE 1  may store data of the UE 2  multiplexed by the NOMA scheme in a buffer. By doing so, when the data of the UE 2  is retransmitted, the UE 1  can quickly eliminate an interference signal due to the UE 2  with the previously stored information. Although the UE 1  fails to decode the data of the UE 2 , the UE 1  may perform HARQ operation of IR type to increase a reception efficiency of the data of the UE 2 . The UE 1  can increase data reception capability by decoding and eliminating the data of the UE 2  with small amount of information [S 2060   a].    
     The UE 2  can identically perform the operations mentioned earlier in the steps S 2040   a  to S 2060   a  in the steps S 2040   b  to S 2060   b.    
     The UE 1  and the UE 2  may transmit a reception confirmation positive signal or a reception confirmation negative signal (i.e., HARQ-ACK information) to the eNB in response to the received data. In this case, the HARQ-ACK information can indicate whether or not the data is properly received by the UE 1  and/or the UE 2 . 
     4.3 Data Buffering Method 
     In  FIG. 20 , if data is transmitted and received using NOMA scheme, it may be preferable for each UE to buffer multiplexed data on a different UE in a memory. In the following, methods for a UE to buffer data on a different UE are explained. Yet, for clarity, the methods are explained on the basis of the UE 1  shown in  FIG. 20 . The methods can be identically applied to other UEs as well. 
     4.3.1 Method of Storing Both Data of UE 1  and Data of UE 2   
     This method corresponds to a method for UE 1  to store both data of the UE 1  and data of the UE 2  to receive the data of the UE 1 . If the UE 1  stores the data of the UE 2  as well as the data of the UE 1 , it may increase efficiency of HARQ operation. Yet, an amount of memory buffers required by the UE 1  should increase in proportion to an amount of multiplexed data. 
     4.3.2 Method of Preferentially Storing Data of Different UE (i.e., UE 2 ) 
     According to the present method, when data of the UE 1  is transmitted, data of the UE 2  is stored first among the data of the UE 1  and the data of the UE 2  which are transmitted in a manner of being multiplexed. The data of the UE 1  is stored in the remained soft buffer. The present method can be used when there is a limit in a soft buffer size. 
     For example, if the UE 1  succeeds in decoding the data of the UE 2 , the UE 1  may store a payload itself of a final data bit (represented by 1 bit) after the decoding instead of a soft bit to which channel coding is applied. Accordingly, the UE 1  may use more spaces for storing the data of the UE 1  although the data of the UE 2  is stored in a soft buffer. 
     As an aspect of the present embodiment, although it is not necessary to buffer the data of the UE 2  anymore due to the successful decoding of the UE 1 , it is able to configure the UE 1  to buffer (store in the buffer) the data of the UE 2  without deleting the data of the UE 2 . If the UE 2  fails to receive data and the data of the UE 2  is retransmitted, the UE 1  can perform error-free interference cancellation based on the data of the UE 2  stored in the buffer. 
     If the UE 1  fails to decode data in which the data of the UE 1  and the data of the UE 2  are multiplexed, it may be necessary to retransmit both the data of the UE 1  and the data of the UE 2 . In this case, if the UE 1  applies HARQ of IR type to the retransmitted data of the UE 2  to decode the data of the UE 2 , it may be able to obtain a combining gain and a probability of cancelling an interference signal without an error can be enhanced. Consequently, a decoding success rate of the data of the UE 1  can be enhanced. 
     When the data of the UE 1  and the data of the UE 2  are retransmitted, if a partial data of the UE 1  is stored due to the storage of the data of the UE 2 , a combining gain for the retransmission of the data of the UE 1  can be decreased. 
     As mentioned in the foregoing description, when the UE 1  decodes the data of the UE 1 , if the data of the UE 2  is preferentially stored, a minimum size of a soft buffer capable of being allocated to a HARQ process of the UE 1  can be configured by 0. That is, it may be able to allocate more soft buffer resources to a different HARQ process (i.e., a HARQ process not using NOMA) rather than the HARQ process of the UE 1  to increase a data transmission efficiency. 
     4.3.3 Method of Selectively Storing Multiplexed Data 
     The present method corresponds to a method of selectively storing data when a UE (i.e., UE 1 ) decodes data of the UE and interference data. The present method can be used when there is a limit in a soft buffer size. 
     4.3.3.1 Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) Value-Based Scheme 
     For example, the UE 1  can selectively store the data of the UE 1  and the data of the UE 2  in a buffer. In this case, distribution of LLR values (or soft bits) are examined for decoding bits of the data of the UE 1  and the UE 2  to store the data of the UE 1  or the data of the UE 2  in a soft buffer. 
     4.3.3.2 Signal Quality-Based Scheme 
     As a different method, the UE 1  can select a data from among the data of the UE 1  and the data of the UE 2  based on signal quality. For example, the UE 1  may fail to decode the data of the UE 2 . In this case, if it is determined as the data of the UE 2  considerably interferes the data of the UE 1 , the UE 1  may store the data of the UE 2  in a buffer. On the contrary, if it is determined as the data of the UE 2  little interferes the data of the UE 1 , the UE 1  may store the data of the UE 1  in the buffer. 
     Of course, although data of a specific UE is stored in the buffer using the selectively storing method, if the buffer has a space, the UE can store all or a part of data of another UE in the buffer. 
     4.3.3.3 Scheme According to Whether or not Decoding is Successful 
     As a first scheme, when decoding of the data of the UE 1  fails, it may be able to select data to be stored according to whether or not decoding of the data of the UE 2  is successful. 
     If decoding of the data of the UE 2  is successful, the UE 1  stores the data of the UE 1 . If the decoding of the data of the UE 2  fails, the UE 1  stores the data of the UE 2 . 
     As a second scheme, if the UE 1  succeeds in decoding the data of the UE 2 , it may be able to select data to be stored according to whether or not decoding of the data of the UE 1  is successful. 
     If decoding of the data of the UE 1  is successful, the UE 1  stores the data of the UE 2  to prepare for cancelling interference due to the data of the UE 2  when the data of the UE 2  is retransmitted. If the decoding of the data of the UE 1  fails, the UE 1  stores UE 1  data from which interference is removed to combine with the retransmission of the data of the UE 1 . 
     In the embodiments of the present invention, in order to apply the buffering methods mentioned earlier in the paragraph 4.3, the eNB informs the UE 1  of whether or not the data of the UE 2  is retransmitted to notify the UE 1  whether or not the data of the UE 2  is able to be combined with data stored in the buffer. 
     In the embodiments of the present invention, if the data of the UE 2  corresponds to a previously retransmitted signal in the aspect of the UE 1 , since it is highly probable that the data of the UE 2  is not retransmitted to the UE 2 , it may be able to configure the UE 1  to store not the data of the UE 2  but the data of the UE 1 . This can be comprehended as the data of the UE 2  is considered as a storing target stored in the buffer of the UE 1  only when the data of the UE 2  is firstly transmitted. That is, the UE 1  can store the data of the UE 2  in the buffer only when the data is firstly transmitted. If the data of the UE 2  is retransmitted, it may be able to configure the UE 1  not to store the data of the UE 2 . 
     5. Apparatuses 
     Apparatuses illustrated in  FIG. 21  are means that can implement the methods described before with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 20 . 
     A UE may act as a transmitter on a UL and as a receiver on a DL. An eNB may act as a receiver on a UL and as a transmitter on a DL. 
     That is, each of the UE and the eNB may include a Transmission (Tx) module  2140  or  2150  and a Reception (Rx) module  2160  or  2170 , for controlling transmission and reception of information, data, and/or messages, and an antenna  2100  or  2110  for transmitting and receiving information, data, and/or messages. 
     Each of the UE and the eNB may further include a processor  2120  or  2130  for implementing the afore-described embodiments of the present disclosure and a memory  2180  or  2190  for temporarily or permanently storing operations of the processor  2120  or  2130 . 
     The embodiments of the present invention may be performed using the components and functions of the above-described UE and eNB. For example, the processor of the eNB may combine methods disclosed in Chapters 1 to 4 to pre-allocate the uplink channel region for ACK/NACK transmission between the small cells. In addition, the processor of the eNB may control the transmission module to explicitly transmit the resource allocation information of the allocated channel region to the UE using a higher layer signal. The processor of the UE may generate and transmit, to the eNB, one or more of ACK/NACK information bits for PDSCH signals received from two or more small cells, SR information bits for scheduling request and CSI bits for reporting a channel state via an allocated channel region. For a detailed description thereof, refer to Chapters 1 to 4. 
     The Tx and Rx modules of the UE and the eNB may perform a packet modulation/demodulation function for data transmission, a high-speed packet channel coding function, OFDMA packet scheduling, TDD packet scheduling, and/or channelization. Each of the UE and the eNB of  FIG. 21  may further include a low-power Radio Frequency (RF)/Intermediate Frequency (IF) module. 
     Meanwhile, the UE may be any of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a cellular phone, a Personal Communication Service (PCS) phone, a Global System for Mobile (GSM) phone, a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) phone, a Mobile Broadband System (MB S) phone, a hand-held PC, a laptop PC, a smart phone, a Multi Mode-Multi Band (MM-MB) terminal, etc. 
     The smart phone is a terminal taking the advantages of both a mobile phone and a PDA. It incorporates the functions of a PDA, that is, scheduling and data communications such as fax transmission and reception and Internet connection into a mobile phone. The MB-MM terminal refers to a terminal which has a multi-modem chip built therein and which can operate in any of a mobile Internet system and other mobile communication systems (e.g. CDMA 2000, WCDMA, etc.). 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure may be achieved by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. 
     In a hardware configuration, the methods according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be achieved by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc. 
     In a firmware or software configuration, the methods according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in the form of a module, a procedure, a function, etc. performing the above-described functions or operations. A software code may be stored in the memory  2180  or  2190  and executed by the processor  2120  or  2130 . The memory is located at the interior or exterior of the processor and may transmit and receive data to and from the processor via various known means. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure may be carried out in other specific ways than those set forth herein without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the present disclosure. The above embodiments are therefore to be construed in all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, not by the above description, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that claims that are not explicitly cited in each other in the appended claims may be presented in combination as an embodiment of the present disclosure or included as a new claim by a subsequent amendment after the application is filed. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The present disclosure is applicable to various wireless access systems including a 3GPP system, a 3GPP2 system, and/or an IEEE 802.xx system. Besides these wireless access systems, the embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to all technical fields in which the wireless access systems find their applications.