Patent Publication Number: US-9850799-B2

Title: Method of and apparatus for exhausting internal combustion engines

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     Related Applications 
     This application is a U.S. Continuation in Part of co-pending U.S. Ser. No. 13/539,493 filed on 1 Jul. 2012, which is a U.S. Continuation in Part of co-pending U.S. Ser. No. 11/988,419 filed on 7 Jan. 2008, which is the U. S. National Stage of International Application No. PCT/AU2006/000965, which designated the United States and was filed on 7 Jul. 2006, published in English, which claims the benefit of Australian Provisional Patent Application No. 2005903631, filed on 8 Jul. 2005. The entire teachings of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     THIS INVENTION relates to a method of and apparatus for exhausting internal combustion engines. The invention has application to all kinds of internal combustion engines including two-stroke, four-stroke and diesel engines, reciprocating and rotary engines. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Exhausting of internal combustions engines involves the provision of an exhaust system including an exhaust manifold into which the combustion products are directed from the combustion chamber or chambers of the engine and a pipe leading from the manifold to a silencer of muffler. A tail pipe is usually provided from the muffler, and it is also common to include a catalytic converter in the exhaust gas flow path, usually before the silencer. 
     The exhaust system nearly always produces a back-pressure when the engine is operating. It has been suggested by some that the back-pressure so generated is beneficial for efficient operation of internal combustion engines. More usually, a maximum back pressure is specified, but no minimum. It is believed by the inventor that the efficient removal of exhaust gases from the engine would provide better performance for internal combustion engines because less energy would be directed to pushing the exhaust gases through the exhaust system. 
     Exhaust systems have been proposed which include a spiral or helical path for part of the passage between the exhaust manifold and the end of the tail pipe. However, in such arrangements, the spiral flow path is a usually constrained one, or alternatively, only a small butterfly-type baffle is provided. As a result, the angular momentum imparted to the exhaust gases has been limited. 
     The present invention aims to provide a method of and apparatus for exhausting internal combustion engines which alleviates one or more of the inefficiencies or disadvantages of the prior art. Other aims and advantages of the invention may become apparent from the following description. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     With the foregoing in view, this invention resides broadly in a method of exhausting internal combustion engines including: receiving a flow of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine into an exhaust passage; generating a vortex in the flow of exhaust gases; expelling the exhaust gases from the exhaust passage such that the gases so expelled include a torsional component. 
     In another aspect, the present invention resides broadly in a method of exhausting internal combustion engines including: receiving a flow of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine into an exhaust passage; generating a vortex in a flow of gas or gases in operative association with the flow of exhaust gases whereby a torsional component of flow is imparted to the flow of exhaust gases; and expelling the exhaust gases from the exhaust passage. 
     In another aspect, the present invention resides broadly in exhausting apparatus for exhausting an internal combustion engine including: an exhaust passage for flow of exhaust gases from the engine along an axis of the passage; one or more vanes in operative association with the exhaust passage, said vanes being disposed in angular relationship to the axis of the passage. 
     The exhausting apparatus of the invention, in use, imparts a torsional component in the flow of exhaust gases. Preferably, the torsional component is imparted between the exhaust manifold and the muffler or silencer. More preferably, the torsional component is imparted downstream from any exhaust system component which would dissipate the torsional component whereby, in use, exhausted gases emerging from the orifice of the tail pipe include a vortex or torsional component. The torsional component may be imparted directly to the exhaust gases as they pass through the apparatus of the invention, or a torsional component may be imparted by inducting outside gases into the flowpath of the exhaust gases, and in so inducting, imparting a torsional component to the flow such that, by mixing with the exhaust gases, a torsional component is imparted to the mixed gas flow. 
     In a preferred form, a plurality of vanes is provided a length of pipe forming part of the exhaust system of an engine. The vanes are arranged at an angle to the axis of the pipe. Preferably, the vanes extend inward from the inner face of the pipe and are of substantially constant width. In one example of the invention, a length of pipe may be slit along part of its length, the slit being spiral or helical in form, and being able to be opened by twisting the pipe in the opposite direction to the direction of the spiral of the slit. A vane may be twisted in the same direction of the slit and inserted therein when opened. If the pipe is formed from a material having normal elasticity, and the vane is inserted such that its outer edge is aligned with the outer face of the pipe, when the twist in the pipe is relieved, the vane will be clamped by each side of the slit, and may be fixed in place. Since such pipes are typically constructed from metal, it may be appropriate for the fixing to be achieved by welding the vane in place. Moreover, a plurality of vanes may be added to the pipe in such manner, the vanes being of a height and number to generate a vortex in use, but not to restrict the flow of gases by being an obstruction. Indeed, it is preferred that the vortex generated in use be such that a negative pressure is imparted to the exhaust manifold. 
     Disclosed herein is an exhausting apparatus for exhausting an internal combustion engine including: a central exhaust passage for flow of exhaust gases from the engine along an axis of the passage; a first expansion chamber in an upstream portion of the exhaust system, the first expansion chamber disposed substantially at the central exhaust passage and in fluidic communication with the central exhaust passage, the first expansion chamber permitting a flow of a portion of the exhaust gases or a release of pressure from the central exhaust passage into said first expansion chamber; a second expansion chamber in a downstream portion of the exhaust system, the second expansion chamber disposed substantially at the central exhaust passage and in fluidic communication with the central exhaust passage and the first expansion chamber, the fluidic communication between the first and the second expansion chambers thereby forming a continuous expansion chamber throughout a length of the exhausting apparatus and permitting a flow of exhaust gases or a release of pressure from the central exhaust passage to the first expansion chamber and the second expansion chamber. 
     One embodiment of the invention is an insert device for retrofitting into an existing exhaust system pipe of an internal combustion engine, the insert device comprising: a perforated pipe axially positioned within a solid pipe having a first end and a second end, the first and the second ends capable being expanded or attached to a connector in order to meet the diameter of the existing exhaust system pipe to secure the perforated pipe in place such that the perforated pipe is positioned as a new exhaust passage for directing flow of exhaust gases from the engine along an axis of the new exhaust passage; 
     one or more vanes extending substantially the length of the perforated pipe and formed into a spiral, turning around the circumference of the perforated pipe, and with a first edge mounted to an internal face of the perforated pipe and the solid pipe, and a second edge spaced inwardly from and substantially coaxial with the internal face, said one or more vanes being of substantially constant width and being disposed in angular relationship to the axis of the perforated pipe, and configured to impart a torsional component to at least a portion of said exhaust gases while passing through said perforated pipe, with the proviso that a configuration of vanes does not restrict or obstruct the flow of said exhaust gases. 
     Yet another embodiment of the invention is an exhausting apparatus for exhausting an internal combustion engine including: an exhaust passage for directing flow of exhaust gases from the engine along an axis of the passage; one or more vanes extending substantially the length of the exhaust passage and formed into a spiral, turning around the circumference of the exhaust passage, and with a first edge mounted to an internal face of the exhaust passage, and a second edge spaced inwardly from and substantially coaxial with the internal face, said one or more vanes being of substantially constant width and being disposed in angular relationship to the axis of the exhaust passage, and configured to impart a torsional component to at least a portion of said exhaust gases while passing through said exhaust passage, with the proviso that a configuration of vanes does not restrict or obstruct the flow of said exhaust gases; a first expansion chamber in an upstream portion of the exhaust system, the first expansion chamber disposed substantially at the central exhaust passage and in fluidic communication with the central exhaust passage, the first expansion chamber permitting a flow of a portion of the exhaust gases or a release of pressure from the central exhaust passage into said first expansion chamber; a second expansion chamber in a downstream portion of the exhaust system, the second expansion chamber disposed substantially at the central exhaust passage and in fluidic communication with the central exhaust passage and the first expansion chamber, the fluidic communication between the first and the second expansion chambers thereby forming a continuous expansion chamber throughout a length of the exhausting apparatus and permitting a flow of exhaust gases or a release of pressure from the central exhaust passage to the first expansion chamber and the second expansion chamber. 
     Also disclosed herein is a method of exhausting an internal combustion engine comprising: receiving a flow of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine into an exhaust passage; permitting a flow of a first portion of the exhaust gases or a release of pressure from the exhaust passage into a first expansion chamber, the first expansion chamber disposed substantially at the exhaust passage in fluidic communication with the exhaust passage; permitting a flow of a second portion of exhaust gases or a release of pressure from said first expansion chamber to a second expansion chamber, the second expansion chamber disposed substantially at the exhaust passage in fluidic communication with the first expansion chamber to form a continuous expansion chamber, and in fluidic communication with the exhaust passage chamber; generating a vortex in the flow of exhaust gases; and 
     expelling the exhaust gases from said exhaust passage such that at least a portion of the gases so expelled include a torsional component. 
     Disclosed herein in an embodiment is an insert device for retrofitting into an exhaust system pipe of an internal combustion engine, where the insert device includes an inner pipe having a first end and a second end, the first and the second ends sized with an outer diameter to be fit within the inner diameter of the exhaust system pipe to secure the first and second ends respectively. The inner pipe is positioned as a new exhaust passage for directing flow of exhaust gases from the engine along an axis of the new exhaust passage, where the inner pipe, along at least a portion of its length between the first and second ends, exhibits an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the existing exhaust system pipe. As a result, an annular expansion chamber is formed between the inner pipe and the exhaust system pipe. The insert device also includes one or more vanes extending over at least a portion of the length of the inner pipe and formed into a spiral, turning around the circumference of the inner pipe. The vanes include a first edge mounted to an internal face of the inner pipe, and a second edge spaced inwardly from and substantially coaxial with the internal face. The vanes being of substantially constant width and being disposed in angular relationship to the axis of the exhaust passage, and configured to impart a torsional component to at least a portion of said exhaust gases while passing through said inner pipe, with the proviso that a configuration of vanes does not restrict or obstruct the flow of the exhaust gases. 
     In addition, in an embodiment, the expansion chamber is disposed substantially at the exhaust passage and in fluidic communication with the exhaust passage, the expansion chamber permitting a flow of a portion of the exhaust gases or a release of pressure from the central exhaust passage into said expansion chamber. The inner pipe may include perforations therein, the perforations permit fluidic communication between said exhaust passage and said expansion chamber. 
     In an embodiment, at least one of the first and second ends of the inner pipe are secured at least partially along their respective circumferences permitting the flow of gases from the expansion chamber. In another embodiment, the expansion chamber is disposed substantially concentric with the exhaust passage. In yet another embodiment, other vanes are provided as a plurality of vanes along a length of pipe forming part of an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine, the vanes being arranged at an angle to the axis of the pipe. 
     In a further embodiment the circular, torsional component of the portion of said exhaust gases imparts a negative pressure to the engine. In yet a further embodiment, the imparted torsional component to at least a portion of said exhaust gases forms a vortex in the exhaust passage. Moreover, the exhaust system pipe may be an existing exhaust system pipe wherein the insert device is disposed within the existing exhaust system pipe. In a further embodiment the one or more vanes are located so as to impart a torsional component to at least a portion of said exhaust gases passing through the exhaust passage between an exhaust manifold and a muffler. In addition, one or more of the vanes are located to impart a torsional component to at least a portion of the exhaust gases passing through the exhaust passage downstream from any exhaust system component that can dissipate the torsional component. 
     Also disclosed herein is another insert device for retrofitting into an existing exhaust system pipe of an internal combustion engine. The insert device includes a solid and perforated pipe having a first end and a second end, the first and the second ends capable being expanded or attached to a connector in order to meet the diameter of the existing exhaust system pipe to secure the solid and perforated pipe in place such that the perforated pipe is positioned as a new exhaust passage for directing flow of exhaust gases from the engine along an axis of the new exhaust passage. In addition one or more vanes extending substantially the length of the perforated pipe and formed into a spiral, turning around the circumference of the perforated pipe, and with a first edge mounted to an internal face of the perforated pipe, and a second edge spaced inwardly from and substantially coaxial with the internal face, said one or more vanes being of substantially constant width and being disposed in angular relationship to the axis of the perforated pipe, and configured to impart a torsional component to at least a portion of said exhaust gases while passing through said perforated pipe, with the proviso that a configuration of vanes does not restrict or obstruct the flow of said exhaust gases. 
     In an embodiment, the, torsional component of the portion of said exhaust gases imparts a negative pressure to the engine. In another embodiment, one or more vanes is provided as a plurality of vanes along a length of pipe forming part of an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine, the vanes being arranged at an angle to the axis of the pipe. 
     Also disclosed here in is a method of exhausting an internal combustion engine. The method includes the steps of: receiving a flow of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine into an exhaust passage; permitting a flow of a portion of the exhaust gases or a release of pressure from the exhaust passage into an expansion chamber, where the expansion chamber may be disposed substantially at the exhaust passage in fluidic communication with the exhaust passage. The method further includes the steps of: generating a vortex in the flow of exhaust gases; and expelling the exhaust gases from the exhaust passage such that at least a portion of the gases that are expelled include a torsional component. The vortex generated may impart a negative pressure to the engine. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In order that the invention may be more readily understood and put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings which illustrate one or more preferred embodiments of the invention and wherein:— 
         FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic sectional view of an exhausting apparatus for exhausting internal combustion engines according to an embodiment of the invention having six vanes; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic view of an exhausting apparatus for exhausting internal combustion engines similar to that of  FIG. 1 , but having four vanes; 
         FIG. 3  is a diagrammatic sectional view of exhausting apparatus for exhausting internal combustion engines according to the invention and having a perforated inner tube, and no wadding for sound in the space between the perforated inner tube and the solid outer tube; 
         FIG. 4  is a diagrammatic sectional view of exhausting apparatus for exhausting internal combustion engines according to the invention and including an inner tube having vented sound slots; 
         FIG. 5  is a diagrammatic sectional view of exhausting apparatus for the exhausting internal combustion engines according to the invention incorporating a silencer function; 
         FIG. 6  is a diagrammatic sectional view of exhausting apparatus for exhausting internal combustion engines incorporating the tube of  FIG. 2  into a basic muffler; and 
         FIG. 7  is a diagrammatic sectional view of exhausting apparatus for exhausting internal combustion engines according to the invention showing a fully detachable muffler. 
         FIG. 8A  is a is a diagrammatic sectional view of a exhausting apparatus for the exhausting internal combustion engines according to another embodiment of the invention incorporating a silencer or muffler function; 
         FIG. 8B  is a diagrammatic view of the exhausting apparatus of  FIG. 8A  depicting the components of an exemplary embodiment prior to its assembly; 
         FIG. 8C  is a diagrammatic view of the exhausting apparatus of  FIG. 8A  depicting and end view of the components of an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 8D  is a diagrammatic perspective view of the exhausting apparatus of  FIG. 8A  depicting a center ring joining the exterior shell of the muffler section to the central pipe and to the exterior shell of the power pipe in an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 9A  is a is a simplified diagrammatic sectional view of an exhausting apparatus for the exhausting of internal combustion engines according to another embodiment of the invention incorporating a silencer or muffler function; 
         FIG. 9B  is a diagrammatic side view of the exhausting apparatus of  FIG. 9A ; 
         FIG. 10A  is an assembly view of the exhausting apparatus of  FIG. 9A  depicting the innermost layer with perforated pipe and vane construction; 
         FIG. 10B  is another assembly view of the exhausting apparatus of  FIG. 9A  depicting another layer and inner construction of the muffler portion of the exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 10C  is another assembly view of the exhausting apparatus of  FIG. 9A  depicting yet another layer and construction of the exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 11  is a diagrammatic section view of the insert device for exhausting internal combustion engines in accordance with an exemplary embodiment depicting a perforated inner tube and vanes as inserted into an existing exhaust pipe; 
         FIG. 12  is a diagrammatic section view of the insert device for exhausting internal combustion engines depicted as an insert with vanes and venting in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; and 
         FIG. 13  is a diagrammatic section view of the insert device for exhausting internal combustion engines depicted as an insert to and existing exhaust pipe in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The exhausting apparatus or pipe  10  shown in  FIG. 1  includes a tube  11  having six vanes  12  extending the length thereof, but formed into a spiral, turning approximately 90° around the circumference of the pipe, each vane being given reference numeral  12 , three of which are represented in broken outline and the other three in solid outline. In  FIG. 2 , the exhaust system tube  20  has four vanes shown typically at  13 , two of which are shown in broken outline and two in solid outline. The pipe assembly  30  shown in  FIG. 3  has an outer tube  31  coaxially surrounding an inner tube  33  through part of its length, the outer tube ending in two bell ends  34 . The outer tube has a plurality of spiralled vanes shown typically at  32  extending between the inner face of the outer tube  31  and the outer face of the inner tube  33 . The inner tube  33  also has a plurality of apertures or perforations  35  set out on a regular diamond pattern about the circumference. 
     Exhaust gases can pass into the inner tube  33  in the direction of arrow  36  and some of the gas can pass through the perforations  35  in the direction of arrows shown typically at  37 , some of the gas passing along the annular region between the inner and outer tubes in the direction of arrow  38  and the remainder passing through the centre of the inner tube  33  in the direction of the arrow  39 . Exhaust gases enter into the vortex portion through the mesh (inner tube)  33  and into a vortex chamber to create a vacuum from high speed spinning. In larger pipes, six vanes or blades can be used instead of four, and the pitch of the vanes can be provided at the appropriate angle to the axis of the pipe for imparting the torsional component to the gas flow. 
     The exhausting apparatus  40  shown in  FIG. 4  is a very basic internal view of a vortex muffler according to the invention. The outer volume may change for decibel rating, but the inner tube will generally not change except in length to create the vortex effect. The muffler has an outer tube  41  and an inner tube  42  concentrically therein and extending beyond the length of the outer tube  41 . An end plate  43  may be used to seal off one end of the annular portion between the inner and outer tubes by sliding the inner tube  42  relative to the outer tube  41  in the direction of arrow  44 . Once the inner and outer tubes are in their respective relative positions, an annular end plate  46  may be welded in place around the inner tube at  47 . The inner tube has a plurality of vented sound slots shown typically at  45 . 
     The turbo muffler version of the exhausting apparatus  50  is shown in  FIG. 5  and is designed to give both large and small engines maximum performance, and be most effective in sports type vehicles that require to have a muffler that does not exceed decibel ratings. The exhaust pipe  51  passes through the silencer portion  52  and exhaust gases can pass therethrough in the direction generally of arrow  53 , the vortex effect being created by the provision of vanes in the exhaust pipe  51  in accordance with the invention as shown typically at  54 . A version of exhausting apparatus according to the invention similar to that shown and described in  FIG. 5  is shown in  FIG. 6 , the reference numerals therein referring to similar parts to those of  FIG. 5 , but preceded by a “6” instead of a “5”. 
     A fully detachable muffler is shown in  FIG. 7 , the sound baffles shown typically at  77 , the vanes shown typically at  74  extending through the pipe  71 , and a plurality of slots shown typically at  75  being provided along the length of the pipe within the muffler box  72 . 
     In a preferred embodiment, one or more vanes of substantially constant width are formed into a spiral, turning around the circumference of the exhaust passage, and configured to impart a high speed spinning of exhaust gas in the central exhaust passage of the exhaust system, with the proviso that neither a configuration of vanes nor any other structure within the exhaust passage restricts or obstructs the flow of said exhaust gases in the central exhaust passage. A low pressure is formed on the outside surface of the fins, the low pressure also causing an increase in exhaust gas velocities. What all this does working together is a pulling of air and heat from the cylinder chamber by evacuating it faster than it can be original pushed by increasing velocity as it passes through the system. By lowering the engine cylinder temperature, it is priming the engine for a more thermally productive burn. Producing more power per detonation while at the same time producing a thermally productive burn that reduce PM production and emission. 
     The Hybrid Exhaust System: 
     A description of preferred embodiments of the disclosed hybrid exhaust system follows. It will be understood that the particular embodiments of the invention are shown by way of illustration and not as limitations of the invention. At the outset, the invention is described in its broadest overall aspects, with a more detailed description following. The features and other details of the system and methods of the invention will be further pointed out in the claims. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8A , in one embodiment of the hybrid exhaust system, similar to above-described embodiments, a hybrid exhaust system for exhausting an internal combustion engine includes: a central exhaust pipe  86  for directing flow of exhaust gases from the engine along an axis of the exhaust pipe  86 ; one or more vanes  12  extending substantially the length of the exhaust pipe  86  and formed into a spiral, turning around the circumference of the exhaust pipe  86 , and with a first edge mounted to an internal face of the exhaust pipe  86 , and a second edge spaced inwardly from and substantially coaxial with the internal face, said one or more vanes  12  being of substantially constant width and being disposed in angular relationship to the axis of the exhaust pipe  86 , and configured to impart a circular, torsional component to at least a portion of said exhaust gases while passing through said exhaust pipe  86 , with the proviso that a configuration of vanes  12  does not restrict or obstruct the flow of said exhaust gases. 
     A preferred embodiment of the above-disclosed system pulls exhaust gas and heat from the cylinder chamber and evacuates it, increasing the velocity of the gas as it passes through the system. By lowering the engine cylinder temperature, the disclosed system primes the engine for a more complete burn of fuel, producing increased power per detonation while at the same time reducing carbon and hydrocarbon emission. 
     However because of exhaust system size limitations on certain vehicles, we invented a hybrid system that is shorter and can be accommodated in a smaller space. In a disclosed embodiment, the power pipe and muffler are combined into a single piece. The hybrid exhaust system is arranged to increase the spin of exhaust gases generated by a turbo engine or a standard exhaust gas flow from a non-turbo engine as the exhaust gas enters the central pipe  86  in the direction of arrow  82  in  FIG. 8A . As used herein, the terms “perforated central exhaust pipe  86 ,” and the “power pipe  86 ,” are each synonymous with “central pipe  86 ,” and as such, the terms may be used herein interchangeably. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 8A , another difference between the systems disclosed previously herein and the hybrid exhaust system is a continuous outer sleeve that is used as an expansion chamber comprising a front expansion chamber  28   b  within power pipe shell  28  and a downstream expansion chamber  89  within muffler shell  88   b , the front expansion chamber  28   b  and the downstream expansion chamber  89  being connected by a center ring  84 . In one embodiment of the invention, center ring  84  allows the passage of air pressure to flow from a smaller diameter power pipe, that is, perforated central pipe  86 , which can be, e.g., a four (4) inch diameter perforated pipe, to a larger diameter pipe, e.g., a five (5) inch diameter power pipe shell  28 , and then from the five inch diameter power pipe shell  28  into, e.g., a six (6) inch diameter outer sleeve pipe or exterior muffler shell  88   b , the flow as in a single expansion chamber. 
     The inventors of the hybrid exhaust system have discovered, in one embodiment of the invention, a system that combines the central pipe or power pipe  86  and the muffler portion  88 A into a single piece, using the spin of exhaust coming from a turbo engine or from an exhaust flow of a non-diesel or standard combustion engine to produce an effect similar to that of the power pipe described above for non-hybrid versions of a disclosed exhaust system, e.g., a two or a three piece exhaust system, in a much shorter distance. This disclosed combination makes the hybrid exhaust system a compacted unit about the same length as the original power pipe alone. For example, in one embodiment, from an earlier system length of about 110 inches using a separate power pipe and muffler, the new system length is shortened to approximately 45 inches as a hybrid exhaust system. In a freightliner or a tow truck, e.g., wherein the space available for the exhaust system is very limited, such that the length of the system can be a significant problem, the hybrid exhaust system can reduce the length of an exhaust system by about fifty percent (50%) to about sixty percent (60%). 
     As described above, the hybrid system includes a continuous expansion chamber, such as, for example, an expansion of exhaust gas from about 4 inches to about 5 inches to about 6 inches, an expansion or release of pressure that travels the length of the system, relieving pressure on the fins  12  in the central pipe  86  and increasing exhaust flow through the central pipe  86 . As shown in  FIGS. 8C and 8D , the center ring  84  that joins, e.g., the 5 inch and 6 inch pipes to the 4 inch central pipe  86  has pressure slits  92  at the bottom to allow the pressure to be released throughout the entire outer sleeve or continuous expansion chamber that surrounds the internal system. To summarize, typically in the front part of the hybrid, pressure is released from, e.g., a 4 inch to a 5 inch cavity, providing a one-half (½) inch expansion all around for releasing pressure from the 4 inch central pipe. Where the muffler section begins, is the center ring which allows a fluid connection to the 6 inch diameter pipe or muffler shell. This provides a total expansion of 1.5 inches all around from the original 4 inch central pipe. The venting holes, or in one embodiment, openings between the welds attaching the center ring  84  to the inner solid pipe  83 A, allow pressure to transfer from the 5 inch pipe to the 6 inch pipe without having to move back into the high flow air in the central pipe  86  to move from the first expansion chamber to the second expansion chamber. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 8A , a basic internal view of a hybrid exhaust system is shown generally as  80 A according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The hybrid exhaust system includes a power portion or upstream portion  28   a  and a downstream or muffler portion  88   a . The direction of incoming exhaust gas flow is shown by arrow  82   a  and exiting exhaust gas flow by arrow  82   b . As the term is used herein, the hybrid exhaust system  80 A includes a continuous expansion chamber surrounding substantially the length of a vaned section of a perforated central exhaust pipe  86 , the continuous expansion chamber formed from at least two fluidically connected chambers including a front expansion chamber  28   b  within exterior shell pipe  28  surrounding a front or upstream portion of exhaust pipe  86  and a downstream expansion chamber  89  within the exterior muffler shell  88   b  surrounding a downstream portion of perforated central exhaust pipe  86 . 
     Central pipe  86  is shown in  FIGS. 8A and 8B  with perforations  86   b , diagonal cuts  81   b  for insertion of fins or vanes, with welds of vanes  81   a.    
     In the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 8A , the means for fluidically connecting the front expansion chamber  28   b  and the downstream expansion chamber  89  is a center ring  84 . The center ring  84  joins two exterior shell pipes, that is, exterior shell pipe  28  and exterior muffler shell  88   b , with the perforated central exhaust pipe  86 , the resulting structure including, in one embodiment, an approximate one-eighth (⅛th) inch space between the center ring  84  and the perforated central exhaust pipe  86  to allow for expansion of exhaust gases. In another embodiment, the space between the center ring  84  and the perforated central exhaust pipe  86  is from about one-sixteenth ( 1/16th) inch to about one-fourth (¼th) inch. In  FIGS. 8C and 8D , the space  92  is indicated between the center ring  84  and the central pipe  86 . 
     In general, the length, outer volume, and/or circumference of the hybrid exhaust system  80 A may change as required to provide for a desired decibel rating. However, the dimensions of the inner tubes need only be sufficient to create the desired vortex effect in the perforated central exhaust pipe  86  for a given flow. The hybrid exhaust system  80 A has an exterior shell pipe  28  and an exterior muffler shell  88   b , the outer tubes  28  and  88   b , disposed substantially concentrically over the perforated inner tube  86 , and an solid inner end tubes  83   a  attached to the inlet end and  83   b  attached to the outlet end, of the perforated inner tube  86  by means of a press-fit. Similar to the earlier embodiments, the hybrid exhaust system  80 A includes two primary sections, a power section  28 A initiating at the inlet and a sound absorption portion or muffler  88 A encased in outer tube  88   b . In one embodiment of the hybrid exhaust system, the perforated central exhaust pipe or central pipe  86  has a diameter of about four (4) inches; the power pipe shell  28  has a diameter of about five (5) inches; and the exterior shell of the muffle  88   b  has a diameter of about six (6) inches. Other diameters are within the scope of the disclosed invention. 
     Unique to this embodiment are the expansion chambers  28   b  and  89 , in fluidic communication with one another to form a continuous expansion chamber and further, which permit the expansion of gases from the power section and sound absorption section, respectively thereby relieving the pressures from the inner tube  83   a  and perforated inner tube  86 . 
     Once the inner tubes  86 ,  83   a , and  83   b  as well as the outer tubes  28  and  88   b  are in their respective relative positions, annular end ring or plate  85   a  in an upstream position near the inlet end may be used to seal off one end of the annular portion between the inner tube  83   a  and outer shell pipe  28 . 
     Annular end ring or plate  85   b  in a downstream position may be used to seal off one end of the annular portion between the inner tube,  83   b  and muffler shell  88   b . In one embodiment, center ring  84  joins the two exterior shell pipes, muffler shell  88   b  and outer tube  28 , forming a continuous outer sleeve used as a continuous expansion chamber. The center ring  84  allows the passage of air pressure to flow from the front expansion chamber  28   b  within outer tube  28  surrounding an upstream portion of perforated central exhaust pipe  86  to the downstream expansion chamber  89  within muffler shell  88   b . The fluidic connection between the first and second expansion chambers is not limited to a center ring as shown in the figures. Any suitable fluidic connection allowing a release of pressure or release of a portion of gas from the first to the second expansion chamber is within the scope of this invention. For example, in another embodiment the fluidic connection can be an annular shaped partition substantially separating the first and the second expansion chambers from one another and surrounding and in contact with a portion of an outer surface of the central exhaust passage, the annular shaped partition having at least one orifice thereon, the orifice communicating with the first and the second expansion chambers and providing the fluidic communication therebetween. In another non-limiting example, an end wall of each of the first and the second expansion chambers may be in contact with one another, or one end wall could be shared by both expansion chambers, and the end wall could have at least one aperture or opening that provides a fluid connection between the expansion chambers, and forms one continuous expansion chamber. 
     Turning to  FIG. 8B  as well for a diagrammatic depiction of the construction and assembly of the inner portions of the hybrid exhaust system  80 A, the inner portion of the exhaust system  80 A is comprised of an inner pipe assembly as shown generally as  80 B in  FIG. 8B . The inner portion of the inner pipe assembly  80 B includes inner tubes  83   a  and  83   b  disposed substantially coaxially surrounding a portion of perforated central exhaust pipe  86 , the inner tubes  83   a  and  83   b  pressure fit over a portion of the perforated central exhaust pipe  86  at the inlet end and the outlet end, respectively. The perforated central exhaust pipe  86  forms a venting portion of the inner pipe, typically slotted or perforated pipe or the like. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 8C , a cross-sectional representation of a central pipe  86  is shown with center ring  84  welded to central pipe  86  at welds  90 , with spaces  92  between welds  90 .  FIG. 8D  is a diagrammatic perspective view of a portion of the exhausting apparatus of  FIG. 8A  depicting a center ring  84  joining the power pipe shell, i.e., exterior shell pipe  28  in the upstream portion  28 A of the hybrid exhaust system and a portion of central pipe  86  covered with a stainless steel mesh sock  87  in a downstream portion  88 A of the hybrid exhaust system. As shown in  FIG. 8A , center ring  84  also is joined to the exterior shell  88   b  of the muffler section  88 A in an exemplary embodiment. 
       FIG. 9A  is a basic cutaway internal view of a hybrid exhaust system similar to the embodiments depicted in  FIGS. 8A through 8D . As shown in  FIG. 9A , the inner portion of the central pipe or power pipe  86  has a plurality of spiraled vanes  12  extending in a helical cut or slot  81   b  (shown in  FIG. 8A ) along a substantial portion of its length. In constructing one embodiment of the hybrid exhaust system, prior to making the helical cut  81   b , the central pipe  86  is slid into inner solid pipe  83   a  as shown in  FIGS. 8B and 9A , and press-fit against a portion of the inner surface of solid pipe  83   a . Then the helical cut  81   b  is made through the wall of inner solid pipe  83   a  and the perforated inner power pipe  86  The fins  12  are then welded in place, preferably two at a time, leaving a space  81   b  between the welds  81   a  in order to allow pressure to expand from central pipe  86  to the front expansion chamber  28   b  within power pipe shell  28 . In larger pipes, six vanes or blades can be used instead of four, and the pitch of the vanes can be provided at the appropriate angle to the axis of the pipe for imparting the torsional component to the gas flow depending on the designed flows, diameter, and length of pipes. 
     In another exemplary embodiment, as described in earlier embodiments, the vanes  12  are welded in the slots at intervals along their respective lengths leaving, as shown in  FIG. 8D , spaces  81   b  between the welds  81   a  and maintaining the vanes  12  in a radial direction and substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the perforated inner power pipe  86  and inner solid pipe  83   a  turning approximately a desired angle of 90 degrees around the circumference. These spaces  81   b  permit a portion of the swirling exhaust gases to escape from the flow inside the perforated inner power pipe  86  and thereby relieving a portion of the pressures in power pipe  86  induced on the vanes  12 , with a resulting increase in exhaust gas speed. 
     Exhaust gases pass into the power pipe  86  in the direction of arrow  82   a , and continue down the power pipe  86  being swirled by the vanes  12  to create a vacuum from high speed spinning and thereby increasing flow. Some pressure is released through the perforations  86   b  into the front expansion chamber  28   b  and the downstream expansion chamber  89 . Expansion chambers  28   b  and  89  are fluidically connected through center ring  84 , forming a single continuous expansion chamber. 
     Continuing with  FIG. 9A , the hybrid exhaust system  80 A includes two primary sections, first, a power section  28 A initiating at the inlet of pipe  83   a  at least a portion of which is encased in outer tube  28 , and secondly a downstream sound absorption portion  88 A encased in outer tube  88   b . The center ring  84  (not shown in  FIG. 9A ) is sealed to both the outer tubes  28  and  88   b  to limit the escape of gases from the sound absorption portion. Furthermore, as shown in  FIGS. 8C and 8D , the center ring  84  is secured to the inner solid pipe  83   a  preferably with welds  90  again and leaving spaces  92  distributed around the circumference of the pipe  83   a  and inside circumference of the annular center ring  84 . Advantageously, the spaces  92  permit a portion of gases to pass into the expansion chambers  28   b  and  88   b  through the spaces  92  on pipe  83   a.    
     In one embodiment, the front expansion chamber  28   b  is a one-half (½) inch space between the 4 inch solid pipe  83   a  and the 5 inch solid pipe  28 . As described, in constructing the hybrid system, the perforated central pipe  86  is press-fit inside solid pipe  83   a ; both pipes are slit while together; the fins are inserted and welded  81   a . Pressure can escape from slits  81   b  between welds  81   a  into the front expansion chamber  28   b.    
     Continuing with  FIG. 8A , for teaching of the construction of the sound absorption portion of the muffler  88   a , in one exemplary embodiment of the muffler  88   a , a portion of the perforated central exhaust pipe  86  in the muffler portion is covered or wrapped with a vibration-absorbing material  87 . For example, in one embodiment, in order to minimize vibrations, a stainless steel mesh or matrix material, referred to herein as a “stainless steel mesh sock”  87  surrounds the perforated pipe or central pipe  86  substantially along the length of the downstream expansion chamber  89 . The downstream expansion chamber  89  comprises the space between the stainless steel mesh sock  87  and the muffler shell  88   b.    
     As shown in  FIG. 9A , in an exemplary embodiment, to facilitate sound attenuation, a fiberglass mesh or other sound absorption material  89   b  may be wrapped around the central pipe  86  and/or vibration-absorbing material  87 . The sound absorption material  89   b  may fill a substantial portion of the downstream expansion chamber  89  within muffler shell  88   b , and redirects and attenuates the sound waves traveling with the exhaust gases in direction of flow  82   b , thereby reducing the overall noise transmitted to the external environment. For example, in one embodiment the space between the stainless steel sock  87  and the outer casing  88   b  of the muffler may be filled with about five or six inches of sound-absorbing fiberglass material, and baffling fins may re-direct much of the vibration and sound into the sound-absorbing material. In the muffler section  88 A, pressure escapes through perforations  86   b  and through slits  81   b  between fin welds  81   a , through the stainless steel mesh sock  87  and into the ceramic or fiberglass-filled space  89  within the exterior muffler shell  88   b , which functions as the downstream expansion chamber  89 . 
       FIG. 9B  is a side elevational external view of a hybrid exhaust system depicted in the sectional view of  FIG. 9A . 
       FIGS. 10A through 10C  depict that, one exemplary embodiment of the hybrid exhaust system, a portion of the perforated central exhaust pipe  86  in the muffler portion is covered or wrapped with a sound absorbing material  89   b , for example fiberglass, that is secured by means of a wire  94  spirally wrapped around the sound absorbing material  89   b  along the length of the muffler portion (between the center ring  84  and end ring  85   b . The sound absorption material redirects and attenuates the sound waves generated by the combustion engine and the exhaust gases, thereby reducing the overall noise transmitted to the environment by the disclosed hybrid exhaust system. 
     In yet another embodiment of the invention, a device for retrofit into an existing exhaust system is described. The inner perforated material with the fins, for example four fins or six fins, can be inserted into some existing exhaust systems. While this is not feasible for some applications, it can be used for motorcycles and many off-road utility vehicles to increase performance. The disclosed solid and perforated pipe with fins can be inserted into an existing exhaust pipe, and the ends of the insert expanded to meet the diameter of the existing pipe for a tight fit to secure the perforated pipe in place. The stainless steel sock and the ceramic or sound absorbing material would not be added. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 1, and 2  depicting a basic internal view of a power pipe shown generally as  10 , and which is positioned upstream of a muffler for yet another exemplary embodiment, employing the same reference numerals for simplicity. In this embodiment, an exhaust system insert is described such as may be employed with an existing exhaust system structure. In such a structure the insert  10  may be inserted into an existing exhaust structure, and the ends expanded to seal and secure it in place within the exhaust structure. 
     Once again, in general, while the length, outer volume, and/or circumference of the insert may change as required to fit within the existing exhaust system, the perforated pipe and vanes need only be sized to achieve the desired vortex effect for a given flow, thereby increasing the flow through the exhaust system and improving flow and efficiency. The insert has an inner tube  11  forming a venting portion of pipe, typically slotted or perforated pipe or the like. Like other embodiments, the inner portion of the insert has a plurality of spiralled vanes  12  extending in a helical cut or slot in the perforated tube  11  along its length. In an exemplary embodiment, as described earlier, the vanes  12  are welded in the slots at intervals along their respective lengths leaving spaces between the welds and maintaining the vanes  12  in a radial direction and substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the perforated inner tube  11  and turning approximately an angle of 90° around the circumference. As with the earlier embodiments, the spaces permit a portion of the exhaust gases to escape from the flow inside the perforated inner tube  11  as it swirls flowing by the vanes  12  and thereby relieving in the pressures in the tubes induced on the vanes  12  as the exhaust gas swirls forming the vortex described earlier. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 11-13  there is depicted as yet a further embodiment of the invention, another device or insert for retrofit into an existing exhaust system described similar to that described above with reference to  FIGS. 1-3  employing the same reference numerals for simplicity. Referring now to  FIGS. 11-13  generally, and in particular  FIG. 11 , as sectional cutaway view of a power pipe shown once again generally as  30 . In this embodiment, an exhaust system insert is described such as may be employed with an existing exhaust system structure. In such a structure the insert  11  may be inserted into an existing exhaust pipe  131  structure, and the ends sealed to secure it in place within the existing exhaust pipe  131  and utilizing the existing structure, the existing exhaust pipe  131  forming the pipe assembly  30  with the existing exhaust pipe  131  as the outer tube  31  (see  FIG. 3 ). The insert  11  in an embodiment once again includes an inner pipe  10  forming a venting portion of pipe, typically slotted or perforated pipe or the like. Like other embodiments, the inner portion of the inner pipe  10  of the insert  11  has a plurality of spiralled vanes  12  extending over at least a portion of the length thereof, formed into a spiral turning approximately 90° around the circumference of the inner pipe  10 . In the figure just three vanes  12  are depicted for simplicity and are represented by the three solid lines. Similar to that describe earlier, the vanes  12  extending in a helical cut or slot in the inner pipe  10  along at least a portion of its length. In an exemplary embodiment, as described earlier, the vanes  12  are welded in the slots at intervals along their respective lengths leaving spaces between the welds and maintaining the vanes  12  in a radial direction and substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the perforated inner tube  10  and turning approximately an angle of 90° around the circumference. As with the earlier embodiments, the spaces permit a portion of the exhaust gases to escape from the flow inside the perforated inner tube  10  as it swirls flowing by the vanes  12  and thereby relieving in the pressures in the tubes induced on the vanes  12  as the exhaust gas swirls forming the vortex described earlier. While three vanes  12  and a perforated inner tube  10  are described herein with respect to an exemplary embodiment, it should be well appreciated that other numbers of vanes, spiral, pipe, connection, and configurations thereof may be employed as previously described with respect to other embodiments. 
     Once again, in general, while the length, outer volume, and/or circumference of the insert may change as required to fit within the existing exhaust system, the inner pipe  10  and vanes  12  need only be sized to achieve the desired vortex effect for a given flow, thereby increasing the flow through the exhaust system and improving flow and efficiency. 
     Continuing now with  FIGS. 11-13 , the pipe assembly  30  of an embodiment has an outer tube  131  coaxially surrounding an inner tube  11  over at least part of its length, the inner tube  11  ending in two bell ends  134  of a diameter larger than the inner pipe  11 , where the bell ends  134  are sized to fit securely within the inner diameter of the existing exhaust tube  131 . The bell ends  134  of the inner pipe  11  may be and at least partially sealed or fixed with welds  90  or otherwise. Like other embodiments described herein, the inner tube  11  may also have a plurality of apertures or perforations  135  set out on a pattern about the circumference and length of the inner tube  11 . 
     Exhaust gases enter into the perforated inner tube  10  and solid tube  11  in the direction of arrow  136  and some of the gas can pass through the perforations  135  in the direction of arrows shown typically at  137   a , and  137   b , some of the gas passing along the annular region  138  between the inner tube  11  and the remainder passing through the center of the inner tube  11  in the direction of the arrow  139 . Some gases can also pass in and out through openings at welds of the vanes  12 . The vanes  12  may be welded through both the solid tube  11  and the perforated tube  10 . Under some conditions, a portion of the gases that have entered the expansion chamber  138  may pass back through the perforations  135  in the direction of arrow  137   b  to continue flow out of the pipe assembly  30  in the direction of arrow  139 . The annular portion between the inner tube  11  and the outer tube  131  forms an expansion chamber permitting some of the gases from the inner tube  11  to pass through the perforations  135  in the inner tube to the to the annular region  138 , providing a pressure relief for the gases as they enter the pipe assembly  30 . The expansion chamber  138  may provide a pressure relief for pressure pulses or waves as they travel down the exhaust assembly  30 . 
     Exhausting apparatus for exhausting internal combustion engines according to the invention may be attached to the exhaust manifold of an existing engine or new engine as the case may be. The system of the present invention is believed to be a breakthrough in engine technology and can enhance turbo and cyclone or ram-flow induction. The system of the present invention is believed to provide a new dimension in exhaust gas flow allowing internal combustion engines to breathe more efficiently. It is believed that the inertial component of the torsional flow will improve cylinder filling and create maximum power by drawing a vacuum on the exhaust of the engine. Experimental use of the exhausting apparatus according to the invention has provided horsepower gains of fifteen percent (15%), gas flow gains of twenty-five percent (25%) or better, top end gain has been found to be even better than this. Dynamometer testing has shown lower carbon monoxide emissions, less fuel usage (15% to 20%) and much smoother running. It is believed that any internal combustion engine will benefit from the efficiencies created by gas flow by the installation of apparatus according to the invention. It is also believed that apparatus according to the invention minimizes the problems that have been introduced in modern engines in respect of tubes, lines and pipes from different parts of the engine including the crank case, sump, carburetor, air filter and other parts of the engine in order to minimize emission of unburnt hydrocarbons. 
     In use, it is believed when installed on an internal combustion exhaust system, when the engine is running, gas starts to spin as it strikes the spiral fins in the turbo pipe, thus creating a vacuum that minimizes velocity dampening that is caused by bends and other obstructions in the exhaust pipe or manifold. It is believed that exhausting apparatus according to the present invention will benefit engines by providing a greatly reduced back pressure to the manifold and valves, carbon monoxide may be reduced by the engine burning cleaner, reduced deposits in the manifold and the exhaust pipe are believed to occur, and exhaust emissions are believed to be cleaner and environmentally more friendly. In addition to the above, it is believed a better all round engine performance can be achieved. 
     Dynamometer testing has shown significant improvement in horsepower, by comparison with the system being disconnected and running straight through pipe, relatively the vortex system of the present invention made a thirteen percent (13%) gain in horsepower on a standard automotive engine exhaust system with the inclusion of a vortex muffler according to the invention. It is presumed that more gain is possible. Moreover, testing has shown reduced manifold pressure and better mode of performance in every aspect. 
     It is believed that by providing a plurality of non-exclusive spiral passages in the exhaust system in accordance with the invention imparts a higher degree of angular momentum than has been provide by prior systems. Whilst not being bound by theory, nor limiting the scope of this invention thereto, the non-exclusive nature and radially displaced disposition of the axially elongate spiral baffles of the present invention can afford at least an opportunity for angular pseudo-forces such as the Coriolis effect and such like to be effected by providing a non-inertial reference frame within which cooling, and therefore, contracting gases with density increasing can pass. Such an effect may enhance negative back pressure to the combustions chamber during the exhaust cycle and assist in scavenging the combusted gases therefrom. 
     The exhausting apparatus of the present invention may also produce a cyclonic effect along the exhaust pipe. The cyclonic effect may extend from the location of the vanes which induce the angular component of exhaust gas flow back towards the exhaust manifold engine. Irrespective of whether a cyclonic effect is produced and whether such an effect extends back towards the exhaust manifold, while the invention is not to be construed as being limited to such an effect, it is believed that an increase in negative back-pressure to the exhaust system is effected when the invention as described herein is in use. The disclosed hybrid exhaust system may further include an outside gas induction means arranged in operative association with one or more vanes in the central pipe for imparting a torsional component to at least a portion of said exhaust gases as they pass through the exhaust passage. 
     Although the invention has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other forms which are encompassed within the broad scope and ambit of the invention as defined by the following claims.