Patent Publication Number: US-11659094-B2

Title: Scheduling automatically initiated call between users

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/729,709, filed Dec. 30, 2019, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to messaging applications, including configuring messaging applications to schedule a call to be automatically initiated between users. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Messaging systems provide for the exchange of message content between users. For example, a messaging system allows a user to exchange message content with one or more other users. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced. 
         FIG.  1    is a diagrammatic representation of a networked environment in which the present disclosure may be deployed, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    is a diagrammatic representation of a messaging client application, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    is a diagrammatic representation of a data structure as maintained in a database, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  4    is a diagrammatic representation of a message, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  5    is a flowchart for an access-limiting process, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  6    is an interaction diagram illustrating a process for scheduling a call to be automatically initiated between users, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  7    illustrates a scheduled call setting provided within a group profile interface, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates a scheduled call interface for updating a scheduled call between users, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  9    illustrates an incoming call notification based on a scheduled call between users, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  10    is a flowchart illustrating a process for scheduling a call to be automatically initiated between users, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  11    is block diagram showing a software architecture within which the present disclosure may be implemented, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  12    is a diagrammatic representation of a machine, in the form of a computer system within which a set of instructions may be executed for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A messaging system typically allow users to exchange content items (e.g., messages, images and/or video) with one another in a message thread. The messaging system may implement or otherwise work in conjunction with a social network system configured to maintain the identity of users and their corresponding relationships (e.g., friend relationships). In addition, the messaging system may implement or otherwise work in conjunction with a teleconferencing system to provide audio or audio-video teleconferencing (e.g., calls) between users. In some cases, users (e.g., friends) may wish to schedule calls with one each other. 
     The disclosed embodiments provide for scheduling automatically-initiated calls between users of a messaging application. A user at a first device may specify, via an interface of the messaging application, to schedule a call to be automatically initiated with one of more other users (e.g., friends) at their respective devices. The messaging system provides for storing parameters related to the call (e.g., a scheduled day/time, invited friend(s)) and sends an invitation to the device of each invited friend. For example, the invitation appears within a message thread corresponding to the group of invited friend(s) and the first user. Each friend can accept or decline the invite. At the day/time of the scheduled call, the messaging system provides for automatically initiating the call between the first user and the friends who accepted. 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram showing an example messaging system  100  for exchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network. The messaging system  100  includes multiple instances of a client device  102 , each of which hosts a number of applications including a messaging client application  104 . Each messaging client application  104  is communicatively coupled to other instances of the messaging client application  104  and a messaging server system  108  via a network  106  (e.g., the Internet). 
     A messaging client application  104  is able to communicate and exchange data with another messaging client application  104  and with the messaging server system  108  via the network  106 . The data exchanged between the messaging client application  104 , and between a messaging client application  104  and the messaging server system  108 , includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well as payload data (e.g., text, audio, video or other multimedia data). 
     The messaging server system  108  provides server-side functionality via the network  106  to a particular messaging client application  104 . While certain functions of the messaging system  100  are described herein as being performed by either a messaging client application  104  or by the messaging server system  108 , the location of certain functionality either within the messaging client application  104  or the messaging server system  108  is a design choice. For example, it may be technically preferable to initially deploy certain technology and functionality within the messaging server system  108 , but to later migrate this technology and functionality to the messaging client application  104  where a client device  102  has a sufficient processing capacity. 
     The messaging server system  108  supports various services and operations that are provided to the messaging client application  104 . Such operations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, and processing data generated by the messaging client application  104 . This data may include, message content, client device information, geolocation information, media annotation and overlays, message content persistence conditions, social network information, and live event information, as examples. Data exchanges within the messaging system  100  are invoked and controlled through functions available via user interfaces (UIs) of the messaging client application  104 . 
     Turning now specifically to the messaging server system  108 , an application programming interface (API) server  110  is coupled to, and provides a programmatic interface to, an application server  112 . The application server  112  is communicatively coupled to a database server  118 , which facilitates access to a database  120  in which is stored data associated with messages processed by the application server  112 . 
     The API server  110  receives and transmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between the client device  102  and the application server  112 . Specifically, the API server  110  provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queried by the messaging client application  104  in order to invoke functionality of the application server  112 . The API server  110  exposes various functions supported by the application server  112 , including account registration, login functionality, the sending of messages, via the application server  112 , from a particular messaging client application  104  to another messaging client application  104 , the sending of media files (e.g., images or video) from a messaging client application  104  to the messaging server application  114 , and for possible access by another messaging client application  104 , the setting of a collection of media data (e.g., Story), the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a client device  102 , the retrieval of such collections, the retrieval of messages and content, the adding and deletion of friends to a social graph, the location of friends within a social graph, and opening an application event (e.g., relating to the messaging client application  104 ). 
     The application server  112  hosts a number of applications and subsystems, including a messaging server application  114 , an image processing system  116  and a social network system  122 . The messaging server application  114  implements a number of message processing technologies and functions, particularly related to the aggregation and other processing of content (e.g., textual and multimedia content) included in messages received from multiple instances of the messaging client application  104 . As will be described in further detail, the text and media content from multiple sources may be aggregated into collections of content (e.g., called “Stories” or galleries). These collections are then made available, by the messaging server application  114 , to the messaging client application  104 . Other processor and memory intensive processing of data may also be performed server-side by the messaging server application  114 , in view of the hardware requirements for such processing. 
     The application server  112  also includes an image processing system  116  that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations, typically with respect to images or video received within the payload of a message at the messaging server application  114 . 
     The social network system  122  supports various social networking functions services, and makes these functions and services available to the messaging server application  114 . To this end, the social network system  122  maintains and accesses an entity graph  304  (as shown in  FIG.  3   ) within the database  120 . Examples of functions and services supported by the social network system  122  include the identification of other users of the messaging system  100  with which a particular user has relationships or is “following”, and also the identification of other entities and interests of a particular user. Such other users may be referred to as the user&#39;s friends. In some embodiments, the social network system  122  may access location information associated with each of the user&#39;s friends to determine where they live or are currently located geographically. 
       FIG.  2    is block diagram illustrating further details regarding the messaging system  100 , according to example embodiments. Specifically, the messaging system  100  is shown to comprise the messaging client application  104  and the application server  112 , which in turn embody a number of some subsystems, namely an ephemeral timer system  202 , a collection management system  204  and an annotation system  206 . 
     The ephemeral timer system  202  is responsible for enforcing the temporary access to content permitted by the messaging client application  104  and the messaging server application  114 . To this end, the ephemeral timer system  202  incorporates a number of timers that, based on duration and display parameters associated with a message, or collection of messages (e.g., a Story), selectively display and enable access to messages and associated content via the messaging client application  104 . Further details regarding the operation of the ephemeral timer system  202  are provided below. 
     The collection management system  204  is responsible for managing collections of media (e.g., collections of text, image video and audio data). In some examples, a collection of content (e.g., messages, including images, video, text and audio) may be organized into an “event gallery” or an “event Story.” Such a collection may be made available for a specified time period, such as the duration of an event to which the content relates. For example, content relating to a music concert may be made available as a “Story” for the duration of that music concert. The collection management system  204  may also be responsible for publishing an icon that provides notification of the existence of a particular collection to the user interface of the messaging client application  104 . 
     The collection management system  204  furthermore includes a curation interface  208  that allows a collection manager to manage and curate a particular collection of content. For example, the curation interface  208  enables an event organizer to curate a collection of content relating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content or redundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system  204  employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and content rules to automatically curate a content collection. In certain embodiments, compensation may be paid to a user for inclusion of user-generated content into a collection. In such cases, the curation interface  208  operates to automatically make payments to such users for the use of their content. 
     The annotation system  206  provides various functions that enable a user to annotate or otherwise modify or edit media content associated with a message. For example, the annotation system  206  provides functions related to the generation and publishing of media overlays for messages processed by the messaging system  100 . The annotation system  206  operatively supplies a media overlay or supplementation (e.g., an image filter) to the messaging client application  104  based on a geolocation of the client device  102 . In another example, the annotation system  206  operatively supplies a media overlay to the messaging client application  104  based on other information, such as social network information of the user of the client device  102 . A media overlay may include audio and visual content and visual effects. Examples of audio and visual content include pictures, texts, logos, animations, and sound effects. An example of a visual effect includes color overlaying. The audio and visual content or the visual effects can be applied to a content item (e.g., a photo) at the client device  102 . For example, the media overlay may include text that can be overlaid on top of a photograph taken by the client device  102 . In another example, the media overlay includes an identification of a location overlay (e.g., Venice beach), a name of a live event, or a name of a merchant overlay (e.g., Beach Coffee House). In another example, the annotation system  206  uses the geolocation of the client device  102  to identify a media overlay that includes the name of a merchant at the geolocation of the client device  102 . The media overlay may include other indicia associated with the merchant. The media overlays may be stored in the database  120  and accessed through the database server  118 . 
     In one example embodiment, the annotation system  206  provides a user-based publication platform that enables users to select a geolocation on a map, and upload content associated with the selected geolocation. The user may also specify circumstances under which a particular media overlay should be offered to other users. The annotation system  206  generates a media overlay that includes the uploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selected geolocation. 
     In another example embodiment, the annotation system  206  provides a merchant-based publication platform that enables merchants to select a particular media overlay associated with a geolocation via a bidding process. For example, the annotation system  206  associates the media overlay of a highest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocation for a predefined amount of time. 
       FIG.  3    is a schematic diagram illustrating data structures  300  which may be stored in the database  120  of the messaging server system  108 , according to certain example embodiments. While the content of the database  120  is shown to comprise a number of tables, it will be appreciated that the data could be stored in other types of data structures (e.g., as an object-oriented database). 
     The database  120  includes message data stored within a message table  318 . The entity table  302  stores entity data, including an entity graph  304 . Entities for which records are maintained within the entity table  302  may include individuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects, places, events, etc. Regardless of type, any entity regarding which the messaging server system  108  stores data may be a recognized entity. Each entity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as an entity type identifier (not shown). 
     The entity graph  304  furthermore stores information regarding relationships and associations between entities. Such relationships may be social, professional (e.g., work at a common corporation or organization), interested-based or activity-based, merely for example. 
     The database  120  also stores annotation data, in the example form of filters, in an annotation table  312 . Filters for which data is stored within the annotation table  312  are associated with and applied to videos (for which data is stored in a video table  310 ) and/or images (for which data is stored in an image table  308 ). Filters, in one example, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid on an image or video during presentation to a recipient user. Filters may be of varies types, including user-selected filters from a gallery of filters presented to a sending user by the messaging client application  104  when the sending user is composing a message. Other types of filters include geolocation filters (also known as geo-filters) which may be presented to a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocation filters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presented within a user interface by the messaging client application  104 , based on geolocation information determined by a GPS unit of the client device  102 . Another type of filter is a data filter, which may be selectively presented to a sending user by the messaging client application  104 , based on other inputs or information gathered by the client device  102  during the message creation process. Example of data filters include current temperature at a specific location, a current speed at which a sending user is traveling, battery life for a client device  102 , or the current time. 
     Other annotation data that may be stored within the image table  308  is so-called “Lens” data. A “Lens” may be a real-time special effect and sound that may be added to an image or a video. 
     As mentioned above, the video table  310  stores video data which, in one embodiment, is associated with messages for which records are maintained within the message table  318 . Similarly, the image table  308  stores image data associated with messages for which message data is stored in the entity table  302 . The entity table  302  may associate various annotations from the annotation table  312  with various images and videos stored in the image table  308  and the video table  310 . 
     A story table  306  stores data regarding collections of messages and associated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into a collection (e.g., a Story or a gallery). The creation of a particular collection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user for which a record is maintained in the entity table  302 ). A user may create a “personal Story” in the form of a collection of content that has been created and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the user interface of the messaging client application  104  may include an icon that is user-selectable to enable a sending user to add specific content to his or her personal Story. 
     A collection may also constitute a “live Story,” which is a collection of content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically, or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example, a “live Story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted content from varies locations and events. Users whose client devices have location services enabled and are at a common location event at a particular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via a user interface of the messaging client application  104 , to contribute content to a particular live Story. The live Story may be identified to the user by the messaging client application  104 , based on his or her location. The end result is a “live Story” told from a community perspective. 
     A further type of content collection is known as a “location Story”, which enables a user whose client device  102  is located within a specific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus) to contribute to a particular collection. In some embodiments, a contribution to a location Story may require a second degree of authentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specific organization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the university campus). 
     A group profile table  314  stores data regarding group profiles, where a group profile includes saved information that is common to a group of at least two users (e.g., and where a group profile for two users may also be referred to as a friendship profile). Such information may include message content, such as but not limited to, images, videos, audio files, attachments, and messages (e.g., text-based messages), with any corresponding annotation data, exchanged within one or more message thread(s) with respect to a group of users. The saved information included within a group profile may further include shared settings that apply to the group, such that an update to a shared setting by one group user applies to all users within the group. 
     In some embodiments, messages, images, videos and/or attachments are added to the group profile in response to a specific request from one of the users in the group. For example, if the users in the group exchange message content (e.g., messages, images, videos and/or attachments), all of the message content, by default, is typically automatically deleted and removed from storage after a specified time period (e.g., one hour, one minute, one second, etc.). However, if prior to the specified time period when the message content is automatically deleted, one of the users in the group selects certain message content (e.g., one or more messages, images, videos and/or attachments) for permanent retention (e.g., via a “save” interface), the selected message content is added to the group profile. For example, the saved message content is viewable by any one of the users in the group at any given time. 
     A scheduled call table  316  stores data regarding scheduled calls. For example, the scheduled calls correspond to calls that are to be automatically initiated at a scheduled day/time for a select group of users (e.g., a group of users associated with a group profile). In some embodiments, the scheduled call table  316  is configured to store parameters for the day/time of the scheduled call, the invitee(s), and/or an indication of whether each invitee has accepted, declined and/or not indicated to participate in the scheduled call. 
       FIG.  4    is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a message  400 , according to some embodiments, generated by a messaging client application  104  for communication to a further messaging client application  104  or the messaging server application  114 . The content of a particular message  400  is used to populate the message table  318  stored within the database  120 , accessible by the messaging server application  114 . Similarly, the content of a message  400  is stored in memory as “in-transit” or “in-flight” data of the client device  102  or the application server  112 . The message  400  is shown to include the following components:
         A message identifier  402 : a unique identifier that identifies the message  400 .   A message text payload  404 : text, to be generated by a user via a user interface of the client device  102  and that is included in the message  400 .   A message image payload  406 : image data, captured by a camera component of a client device  102  or retrieved from a memory component of a client device  102 , and that is included in the message  400 .   A message video payload  408 : video data, captured by a camera component or retrieved from a memory component of the client device  102  and that is included in the message  400 .   A message audio payload  410 : audio data, captured by a microphone or retrieved from a memory component of the client device  102 , and that is included in the message  400 .   Message annotations  412 : annotation data (e.g., filters, stickers or other enhancements) that represents annotations to be applied to message image payload  406 , message video payload  408 , or message audio payload  410  of the message  400 .   A message duration parameter  414 : parameter value indicating, in seconds, the amount of time for which content of the message (e.g., the message image payload  406 , message video payload  408 , message audio payload  410 ) is to be presented or made accessible to a user via the messaging client application  104 .   A message geolocation parameter  416 : geolocation data (e.g., latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates) associated with the content payload of the message. Multiple message geolocation parameter  416  values may be included in the payload, each of these parameter values being associated with respect to content items included in the content (e.g., a specific image within the message image payload  406 , or a specific video in the message video payload  408 ).   A message story identifier  418 : identifier values identifying one or more content collections (e.g., “Stories”) with which a particular content item in the message image payload  406  of the message  400  is associated. For example, multiple images within the message image payload  406  may each be associated with multiple content collections using identifier values.   A message tag  420 : each message  400  may be tagged with multiple tags, each of which is indicative of the subject matter of content included in the message payload. For example, where a particular image included in the message image payload  406  depicts an animal (e.g., a lion), a tag value may be included within the message tag  420  that is indicative of the relevant animal. Tag values may be generated manually, based on user input, or may be automatically generated using, for example, image recognition.   A message sender identifier  422 : an identifier (e.g., a messaging system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative of a user of the client device  102  on which the message  400  was generated and from which the message  400  was sent.   A message receiver identifier  424 : an identifier (e.g., a messaging system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative of a user of the client device  102  to which the message  400  is addressed.       

     The contents (e.g., values) of the various components of message  400  may be pointers to locations in tables within which content data values are stored. For example, an image value in the message image payload  406  may be a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table  308 . Similarly, values within the message video payload  408  may point to data stored within a video table  310 , values stored within the message annotations  412  may point to data stored in an annotation table  312 , values stored within the message story identifier  418  may point to data stored in a story table  306 , and values stored within the message sender identifier  422  and the message receiver identifier  424  may point to user records stored within an entity table  302 . 
       FIG.  5    is a schematic diagram illustrating an access-limiting process  500 , in terms of which access to content (e.g., an ephemeral message  502 , and associated multimedia payload of data) or a content collection (e.g., an ephemeral message group  504 ) may be time-limited (e.g., made ephemeral). 
     An ephemeral message  502  is shown to be associated with a message duration parameter  506 , the value of which determines an amount of time that the ephemeral message  502  will be displayed to a receiving user of the ephemeral message  502  by the messaging client application  104 . In one embodiment, an ephemeral message  502  is viewable by a receiving user for up to a maximum of 10 seconds, depending on the amount of time that the sending user specifies using the message duration parameter  506 . 
     The message duration parameter  506  and the message receiver identifier  424  are shown to be inputs to a message timer  512 , which is responsible for determining the amount of time that the ephemeral message  502  is shown to a particular receiving user identified by the message receiver identifier  424 . In particular, the ephemeral message  502  will only be shown to the relevant receiving user for a time period determined by the value of the message duration parameter  506 . The message timer  512  is shown to provide output to a more generalized ephemeral timer system  202 , which is responsible for the overall timing of display of content (e.g., an ephemeral message  502 ) to a receiving user. 
     The ephemeral message  502  is shown in  FIG.  5    to be included within an ephemeral message group  504  (e.g., a collection of messages in a personal Story, or an event Story). The ephemeral message group  504  has an associated group duration parameter  508 , a value of which determines a time-duration for which the ephemeral message group  504  is presented and accessible to users of the messaging system  100 . The group duration parameter  508 , for example, may be the duration of a music concert, where the ephemeral message group  504  is a collection of content pertaining to that concert. Alternatively, a user (either the owning user or a curator user) may specify the value for the group duration parameter  508  when performing the setup and creation of the ephemeral message group  504 . 
     Additionally, each ephemeral message  502  within the ephemeral message group  504  has an associated group participation parameter  510 , a value of which determines the duration of time for which the ephemeral message  502  will be accessible within the context of the ephemeral message group  504 . Accordingly, a particular ephemeral message group  504  may “expire” and become inaccessible within the context of the ephemeral message group  504 , prior to the ephemeral message group  504  itself expiring in terms of the group duration parameter  508 . The group duration parameter  508 , group participation parameter  510 , and message receiver identifier  424  each provide input to a group timer  514  which operationally determines, firstly, whether a particular ephemeral message  502  of the ephemeral message group  504  will be displayed to a particular receiving user and, if so, for how long. Note that the ephemeral message group  504  is also aware of the identity of the particular receiving user as a result of the message receiver identifier  424 . 
     Accordingly, the group timer  514  operationally controls the overall lifespan of an associated ephemeral message group  504 , as well as an individual ephemeral message  502  included in the ephemeral message group  504 . In one embodiment, each and every ephemeral message  502  within the ephemeral message group  504  remains viewable and accessible for a time-period specified by the group duration parameter  508 . In a further embodiment, a certain ephemeral message  502  may expire, within the context of ephemeral message group  504 , based on a group participation parameter  510 . Note that a message duration parameter  506  may still determine the duration of time for which a particular ephemeral message  502  is displayed to a receiving user, even within the context of the ephemeral message group  504 . Accordingly, the message duration parameter  506  determines the duration of time that a particular ephemeral message  502  is displayed to a receiving user, regardless of whether the receiving user is viewing that ephemeral message  502  inside or outside the context of an ephemeral message group  504 . 
     The ephemeral timer system  202  may furthermore operationally remove a particular ephemeral message  502  from the ephemeral message group  504  based on a determination that it has exceeded an associated group participation parameter  510 . For example, when a sending user has established a group participation parameter  510  of 24 hours from posting, the ephemeral timer system  202  will remove the relevant ephemeral message  502  from the ephemeral message group  504  after the specified 24 hours. The ephemeral timer system  202  also operates to remove an ephemeral message group  504  either when the group participation parameter  510  for each and every ephemeral message  502  within the ephemeral message group  504  has expired, or when the ephemeral message group  504  itself has expired in terms of the group duration parameter  508 . 
     In certain use cases, a creator of a particular ephemeral message group  504  may specify an indefinite group duration parameter  508 . In this case, the expiration of the group participation parameter  510  for the last remaining ephemeral message  502  within the ephemeral message group  504  will determine when the ephemeral message group  504  itself expires. In this case, a new ephemeral message  502 , added to the ephemeral message group  504 , with a new group participation parameter  510 , effectively extends the life of an ephemeral message group  504  to equal the value of the group participation parameter  510 . 
     Responsive to the ephemeral timer system  202  determining that an ephemeral message group  504  has expired (e.g., is no longer accessible), the ephemeral timer system  202  communicates with the messaging system  100  (and, for example, specifically the messaging client application  104 ) to cause an indicium (e.g., an icon) associated with the relevant ephemeral message group  504  to no longer be displayed within a user interface of the messaging client application  104 . Similarly, when the ephemeral timer system  202  determines that the message duration parameter  506  for a particular ephemeral message  502  has expired, the ephemeral timer system  202  causes the messaging client application  104  to no longer display an indicium (e.g., an icon or textual identification) associated with the ephemeral message  502 . 
       FIG.  6    is an interaction diagram illustrating a process for scheduling a call to be automatically initiated between users, in accordance with some example embodiments. For explanatory purposes, the process  600  is primarily described herein with reference to a first client device  602  and second client device(s)  604  (e.g., each of which may correspond to a respective client device  102 ), and with reference to the messaging server system  108 . However, the process  600  is not limited to the first client device  602 , the second client device(s)  604  and the messaging server system  108 . Moreover, one or more blocks (or operations) of the process  600  may be performed by one or more other components of the first client device  602 , the second client device(s)  604  or the messaging server system  108 , and/or by other suitable devices. Further for explanatory purposes, the blocks of the process  600  are described herein as occurring in serial, or linearly. However, multiple blocks of the process  600  may occur in parallel. In addition, the blocks of the process  600  need not be performed in the order shown and/or one or more blocks of the process  600  need not be performed and/or can be replaced by other operations. 
     In some embodiments, each of the first client device  602  and the second client device(s)  604  have instances of the messaging client application  104  installed thereon. The first client device  602  and the second client device(s)  604  are associated with a respective first user and second user(s) of the messaging server system  108 . For example, the first user is associated with a first user account of the messaging server system  108 , and each of the second user(s) is associated with respective second user account(s) of the messaging server system  108 . 
     As noted above, the first user and the second user(s) are identified by the messaging server system  108  based on unique identifiers (e.g., a messaging system identifier, email address and/or a device identifier) associated with respective user accounts for the first user and second user(s). In some embodiments, the messaging server system  108  implements and/or works in conjunction with a social network system  122  which is configured to identify other users (e.g., friends) with which a particular user has relationships. 
     As described here, the messaging server system  108  is configured to facilitate the scheduling of an automatically-initiated call (e.g., audio call, audio-video call) between a first user at the first client device  602  and one or more second user(s) at the respective second client device(s)  604 . For example, the first user at the first client device  602  initially specifies a scheduled day/time and selects one or more second user(s) (e.g., participants in addition to the first user). 
     The messaging system  100  provides for sending an invitation to each of the second user(s), and for automatically-initiating the call at the scheduled time between the first user and second user(s) who accepted the invitation. By virtue of scheduling an automatically-initiated call in this manner, it is possible to increase user engagement between users (e.g., friends). 
     At block  606 , the first client device  602  receives user input to schedule an automatically-initiated call. For example, the user input is received within a group profile interface (e.g., or friendship profile interface, if the call is for two users) provided by the messaging client application  104  on the first client device  602 . As noted above, the group profile interface is configured to provide user access to content items (e.g., images, videos, audio files, attachments, messages and/or any corresponding annotations) and/or settings stored in a group profile. In some embodiments, the group profile is associated with a message thread between the first user and the second user(s). 
     Thus, block  606  corresponds with the first user scheduling an automatically-initiated call via a group profile interface (e.g., as discussed further below with respect to  FIG.  7   ). Using the group profile interface, the first user selects to schedule the call, specifies a proposed day/time that the call is to be automatically initiated (e.g., by the messaging server system  108 ), and indicates invitees (e.g., the second user(s)) to participate in the call with the first user. 
     Based on the user input, the messaging client application  104  on the first client device  602  sends a request to the messaging server system  108  to schedule the call (operation  608 ). For example, the request may include parameters such as the identification of the first user, identification of the invitee(s) (e.g., the second user(s)), and the proposed day/time of the scheduled call. 
     In response, the messaging server system  108  stores the parameters in association with a data structure (e.g., the scheduled call table  316 ) corresponding to the scheduled call (block  610 ). In some embodiments, the scheduled call table  316  is maintained by the messaging server system  108 , to determine when to automatically initiate the scheduled call, and which user(s) will participate in the scheduled call. As discussed herein, the participants for the scheduled call may change based on updates to the day/time of the call and/or which user(s) have accepted the invitation at the day/time of the scheduled call. 
     Moreover, the messaging server system  108  generates invitation(s) for sending to the invitees (e.g., second user(s). At operation  612 , the messaging server system  108  sends the invitation(s) to the second client device(s)  604 . For example, the messaging server system  108  sends the invitation as a message to the message thread that includes the first user and each of the second user(s). The invitation as presented within the message thread indicates the day/time of the schedule call. Each of the second user(s) can access the invitation via the message thread presented by the messaging client application  104  running on their respective second client device(s)  604 . In some embodiments, the invitation corresponds to a user-selectable link the message thread. For example, in response to user selection of the invitation within the message thread, the messaging client application  104  provides for re-directing to an interface for viewing and/or updating the scheduled call (e.g., as discussed further below with respect to  FIG.  8   ). 
     Thus, each of the second user(s) may individually decide whether to accept, decline and/or ignore (e.g., not respond to) the invitation. In some embodiments, the messaging client application  104  running on the second device(s) receives user input (e.g., acceptance or rejection) responding to the invitation (block  614 ). Alternatively, the device may not receive any user input responding to the invitation. 
     For those second device(s) that received a user response to the invitation, the device provides an indication of the response to the messaging server system  108  (operation  616 ). The messaging server system  108  updates the respective parameters in the scheduled call table  316  for the scheduled call, based on the received responses (block  618 ). In this manner, the messaging server system  108  is configured to maintain which user(s) are participating in the scheduled call. 
     In some embodiments, in the time leading up to the scheduled call, one or more of the invitee(s) may select to update their participation in the call. For example, via the selectable options provided by the group profile interface (e.g., as discussed below with respect to  FIG.  7    or  FIG.  8   ), the first user at the first client device  602  and/or second user(s) at the second client device(s)  604  may select to update their participation with respect to the scheduled call. 
     Moreover, the interfaces may provide for proposing a different day/time for the scheduled call. In some embodiments, the messaging server system  108  permits any of the invitees to propose a different day/time. In other embodiments, the messaging server system  108  permits only the first user (e.g., who initially proposed the call) to propose a different day/time for the call. In yet other embodiments, the messaging server system  108  does not permit any user(s) to propose a different scheduled day/time. 
     In a case where a new day/time is proposed, the messaging server system  108  is configured to send (e.g., via the message thread) updated invitation(s) to the first and second user(s)). Moreover, the messaging server system  108  is configured to receive all updates (e.g., acceptances, rejections and/or changes to day/time), and to maintain the scheduled call table  316  with current information for the scheduled call. 
     Moreover, the messaging server system  108  is configured to detect occurrence of the scheduled day/time as stored in the scheduled call table  316 , and to automatically initiate the call for the participating user(s) (operation  620  and operation  622 ) at the scheduled day/time. In the example of  FIG.  6   , the participating user(s) include the first user and the second user(s) (e.g., indicating that all invitees accepted the call). 
     In some embodiments, the automatically-initiated call corresponds to a system call. For each of the first client device  602  and the second device(s)  604 , the messaging server system  108  initiates a system call, via a calling interface provided by the operating systems running on the first client device  602  and the second client device(s)  604 . In initiating the system call, the messaging server system  108  may provide information for the calling entity (e.g., the caller), such as but not limited to the name of the messaging client application  104  and/or a name associated with the corresponding group profile. 
       FIG.  7    illustrates a scheduled call setting  700  provided within a group profile interface, in accordance with some example embodiments. As noted above, a group profile interface is configured to provide access to content items (e.g., images, videos, audio files, attachments, messages and/or any corresponding annotations) and/or settings stored in a group profile. In the example of  FIG.  7   , the scheduled call setting  700  corresponds to a setting, stored in the group profile, that is accessible via the group profile interface. The scheduled call setting  700  includes a toggle element  704  via which each invitee can individually accept or decline participation in the scheduled call. 
     The scheduled call setting  700  further includes a scheduled call link  702 , which indicates a current value for the scheduled day/time of the call. In some embodiments, the scheduled call link  702  is a user-selectable link, where selection thereof causes the messaging client application  104  to redirect to the scheduled call interface  800 , for viewing and/or updating information regarding the scheduled call, as discussed below with respect to  FIG.  8   . 
       FIG.  8    illustrates a scheduled call interface  800  for updating a scheduled call between users, in accordance with some example embodiments. For example, the messaging client application  104  is configured to direct to the scheduled call interface  800  in response to user input selecting the scheduled call link  702  (e.g., as discussed above with respect to  FIG.  7   ) and/or in response to user input selecting the invitation provided within the message thread (e.g., as discussed above with respect to  FIG.  6   ). 
     The scheduled call interface  800  includes a header  802 , an update link  804 , a participation element  806  and a history thread  808 . In some embodiments, the header  802  includes a name of the group profile (e.g., where the name is a setting shared by the users in the group) and an avatar (e.g., bitmoji) representing the end user. 
     The update link  804  corresponds to a user-selectable link for updating or proposing a different day/time for the scheduled call. For example, selection of the update link  804  causes the messaging client application  104  to redirect to a scheduler interface (not shown) for setting the day/time of the call. As discussed above with respect to  FIG.  6   , in some embodiments, the messaging server system  108  provides for one or more of the invitees (e.g., first user and/or second user(s)) to be permitted to update the scheduled day/time of the call. In some embodiments, the scheduler interface provides for the end user to set the day/time according to a single-time basis or a recurring basis (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly, yearly). In this manner, the scheduler interface provides for different purposes with respect to calls, including but not limited to routine calls (e.g., daily wakeup calls that function as an alarm but also provide for morning time communication between friends), one-off calls between friends and/or other types of scheduled calls. 
     The scheduler interface may provide for user(s) to update the day/time of the call and/or for initially setting the day/time of the call (e.g., when the first user initially proposes the call). Moreover, in the example of  FIG.  8   , a notification presented above the update link  804  indicates that the day/time was previously updated by a user. 
     The participation element  806  corresponds to a user-selectable toggle/button for accepting or declining individual participation in the scheduled call. In the example of  FIG.  8   , the participation element  806  indicates that the end user is currently not participating in the scheduled call. Moreover, the history thread  808  provides a history of which invitees in the group have either accepted or declined participation in the scheduled call. In some embodiments, the messaging client application  104  in conjunction with the messaging server system  108  provides for updating the history thread  808  (e.g., based on data stored in the scheduled call table  316  for the scheduled call). 
       FIG.  9    illustrates an incoming call interface  900  based on a scheduled call between users, in accordance with some example embodiments. As noted above with respect to  FIG.  6   , the messaging server system  108  provides for automatically initiating the call at the scheduled day/time. In some embodiments, the incoming call interface  900  corresponds to what may be presented to an end user when receiving the scheduled call. 
     The incoming call interface  900  includes an incoming call notification  902  with the name of the messaging client application  104  and/or the name of the group profile corresponding to the scheduled call. Moreover, the incoming call interface  900  includes call interface elements  904  for accepting, declining and/or setting a reminder with respect to the incoming, scheduled call. 
       FIG.  10    is a flowchart illustrating a process for scheduling a call to be automatically initiated between users, in accordance with some example embodiments. For explanatory purposes, the process  1000  is primarily described herein with reference to the messaging server system  108 , the first client device  602  and the second client device(s)  604  of  FIG.  1   . However, one or more blocks (or operations) of the process  1000  may be performed by one or more other components of the messaging server system  108 , the first client device  602 , the second client device(s)  604 , and/or by other suitable devices. Further for explanatory purposes, the blocks of the process  1000  are described herein as occurring in serial, or linearly. However, multiple blocks of the process  1000  may occur in parallel. In addition, the blocks of the process  1000  need not be performed in the order shown and/or one or more blocks of the process  1000  need not be performed and/or can be replaced by other operations. 
     The messaging server system  108  receives, from a first client device  602  associated with a first user, a request for a call to be automatically initiated, at a scheduled time, between the first client device  602  and a second client device  604  corresponding to a second user (block  1002 ). The first user and second user may correspond to contacts (e.g., friends) within a messaging application running on each of the first client device  602  and the second client device  604 . 
     The request may be received from the messaging application running on the first client device  602 . The call may include at least one of an audio call or an audio-video call. 
     The messaging server system  108  provides, to the second client device  604  and in response to the receiving, an invitation to participate in the call (block  1004 ). The invitation may be provided within a messaging thread between the first user and the second user. The invitation to participate in the call may correspond to setting up a wakeup call for respective users of the first client device  602  and the second client device  604 . The scheduled time may be configured to be updated by at least one of the first user or the second user. 
     The messaging server system  108  receives, from the second client device  604  and in response to the providing, an acceptance of the invitation (block  1006 ). The messaging server system  108  provides for automatically initiating the call between the first client device  602  and the second client device  604  at the scheduled time (block  1008 ). The call may be automatically initiated based on a calling interface provided by respective operate systems running on the first client device  602  and the second client device  604 . 
     The request may further include a third device associated with a third user. The messaging server system  108  may provide, to the third device and in response to the receiving, a second invitation to participate in the call, receive, from the third device and in response to providing the second invitation, a second acceptance of the invitation, and provide for automatically initiating the call between the first client device  602 , the second client device  604  and the third device at the scheduled time. 
       FIG.  11    is a block diagram  1100  illustrating a software architecture  1104 , which can be installed on any one or more of the devices described herein. The software architecture  1104  is supported by hardware such as a machine  1102  that includes processors  1120 , memory  1126 , and I/O components  1138 . In this example, the software architecture  1104  can be conceptualized as a stack of layers, where each layer provides a particular functionality. The software architecture  1104  includes layers such as an operating system  1112 , libraries  1110 , frameworks  1108 , and applications  1106 . Operationally, the applications  1106  invoke API calls  1150  through the software stack and receive messages  1152  in response to the API calls  1150 . 
     The operating system  1112  manages hardware resources and provides common services. The operating system  1112  includes, for example, a kernel  1114 , services  1116 , and drivers  1122 . The kernel  1114  acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example, the kernel  1114  provides memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, and security settings, among other functionality. The services  1116  can provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers  1122  are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For instance, the drivers  1122  can include display drivers, camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), WI-FI® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth. 
     The libraries  1110  provide a low-level common infrastructure used by the applications  1106 . The libraries  1110  can include system libraries  1118  (e.g., C standard library) that provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematic functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries  1110  can include API libraries  1124  such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media formats such as Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) in a graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite to provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit to provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries  1110  can also include a wide variety of other libraries  1128  to provide many other APIs to the applications  1106 . 
     The frameworks  1108  provide a high-level common infrastructure that is used by the applications  1106 . For example, the frameworks  1108  provide various graphical user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management, and high-level location services. The frameworks  1108  can provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that can be used by the applications  1106 , some of which may be specific to a particular operating system or platform. 
     In an example embodiment, the applications  1106  may include a home application  1136 , a contacts application  1130 , a browser application  1132 , a book reader application  1134 , a location application  1142 , a media application  1144 , a messaging application  1146  (e.g., corresponding to the messaging client application  104 ), a game application  1148 , and a broad assortment of other applications such as third-party applications  1140 . The applications  1106  are programs that execute functions defined in the programs. Various programming languages can be employed to create one or more of the applications  1106 , structured in a variety of manners, such as object-oriented programming languages (e.g., Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., C or assembly language). In a specific example, the third-party applications  1140  (e.g., applications developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform) may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™ WINDOWS® Phone, or another mobile operating system. In this example, the third-party applications  1140  can invoke the API calls  1150  provided by the operating system  1112  to facilitate functionality described herein. 
       FIG.  12    is a diagrammatic representation of a machine  1200  within which instructions  1208  (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine  1200  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. For example, the instructions  1208  may cause the machine  1200  to execute any one or more of the methods described herein. The instructions  1208  transform the general, non-programmed machine  1200  into a particular machine  1200  programmed to carry out the described and illustrated functions in the manner described. The machine  1200  may operate as a standalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine  1200  may operate in the capacity of a server machine or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine  1200  may comprise, but not be limited to, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), a PDA, an entertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smart phone, a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing the instructions  1208 , sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to be taken by the machine  1200 . Further, while only a single machine  1200  is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include a collection of machines that individually or jointly execute the instructions  1208  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. 
     The machine  1200  may include processors  1202 , memory  1204 , and I/O components  1244 , which may be configured to communicate with each other via a bus  1242 . In an example embodiment, the processors  1202  (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an ASIC, a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor  1206  and a processor  1210  that execute the instructions  1208 . The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors that may comprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although  FIG.  12    shows multiple processors  1202 , the machine  1200  may include a single processor with a single core, a single processor with multiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a single core, multiple processors with multiples cores, or any combination thereof. 
     The memory  1204  includes a main memory  1212 , a static memory  1214 , and a storage unit  1216 , both accessible to the processors  1202  via the bus  1242 . The main memory  1204 , the static memory  1214 , and storage unit  1216  store the instructions  1208  embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions  1208  may also reside, completely or partially, within the main memory  1212 , within the static memory  1214 , within machine-readable medium  1218  within the storage unit  1216 , within at least one of the processors  1202  (e.g., within the processor&#39;s cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine  1200 . 
     The I/O components  1244  may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components  1244  that are included in a particular machine will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones may include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components  1244  may include many other components that are not shown in  FIG.  12   . In various example embodiments, the I/O components  1244  may include output components  1228  and input components  1230 . The output components  1228  may include visual components (e.g., a display such as a plasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., a vibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and so forth. The input components  1230  may include alphanumeric input components (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receive alphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input components), point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or another pointing instrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touch screen that provides location and/or force of touches or touch gestures, or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., a microphone), and the like. 
     In further example embodiments, the I/O components  1244  may include biometric components  1232 , motion components  1234 , environmental components  1236 , or position components  1238 , among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components  1232  include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motion components  1234  include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth. The environmental components  1236  include, for example, illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. The position components  1238  include location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like. 
     Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components  1244  further include communication components  1240  operable to couple the machine  1200  to a network  1220  or devices  1222  via a coupling  1226  and a coupling  1224 , respectively. For example, the communication components  1240  may include a network interface component or another suitable device to interface with the network  1220 . In further examples, the communication components  1240  may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), WiFi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices  1222  may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB). 
     Moreover, the communication components  1240  may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components  1240  may include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components  1240 , such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth. 
     The various memories (e.g., memory  1204 , main memory  1212 , static memory  1214 , and/or memory of the processors  1202 ) and/or storage unit  1216  may store one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) embodying or used by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions  1208 ), when executed by processors  1202 , cause various operations to implement the disclosed embodiments. 
     The instructions  1208  may be transmitted or received over the network  1220 , using a transmission medium, via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in the communication components  1240 ) and using any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions  1208  may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via the coupling  1224  (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices  1222 . 
     A “carrier signal” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such instructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over a network using a transmission medium via a network interface device. 
     A “client device” refers to any machine that interfaces to a communications network to obtain resources from one or more server systems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, tablets, ultrabooks, netbooks, laptops, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, game consoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a user may use to access a network. 
     A “communication network” refers to one or more portions of a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network or a portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network and the coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other types of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard-setting organizations, other long-range protocols, or other data transfer technology. 
     A “component” refers to a device, physical entity, or logic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, APIs, or other technologies that provide for the partitioning or modularization of particular processing or control functions. Components may be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for use with other components and a part of a program that usually performs a particular function of related functions. Components may constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one or more hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware component that operates to perform certain operations as described herein. A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware component may include software executed by a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, hardware components become specific machines (or specific components of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software), may be driven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or “hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering embodiments in which hardware components are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software to become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardware components) at different times. Software accordingly configures a particular processor or processors, for example, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware component at a different instance of time. Hardware components can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardware components may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. In embodiments in which multiple hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware components may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware components have access. For example, one hardware component may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware components may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented components that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component” refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors. Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors being an example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors or processor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processors or processor-implemented components may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other example embodiments, the processors or processor-implemented components may be distributed across a number of geographic locations. 
     A “computer-readable medium” refers to both machine-storage media and transmission media. Thus, the terms include both storage devices/media and carrier waves/modulated data signals. The terms “machine-readable medium,” “computer-readable medium” and “device-readable medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. 
     An “ephemeral message” refers to a message that is accessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be a text, an image, a video and the like. The access time for the ephemeral message may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access time may be a default setting or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory. 
     A “machine-storage medium” refers to a single or multiple storage devices and/or media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store executable instructions, routines and/or data. The term shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media, including memory internal or external to processors. Specific examples of machine-storage media, computer-storage media and/or device-storage media include non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FPGA, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks The terms “machine-storage medium,” “device-storage medium,” “computer-storage medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms “machine-storage media,” “computer-storage media,” and “device-storage media” specifically exclude carrier waves, modulated data signals, and other such media, at least some of which are covered under the term “signal medium.” 
     A “processor” refers to any circuit or virtual circuit (a physical circuit emulated by logic executing on an actual processor) that manipulates data values according to control signals (e.g., “commands”, “op codes”, “machine code”, etc.) and which produces corresponding output signals that are applied to operate a machine. A processor may, for example, be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) or any combination thereof. A processor may further be a multi-core processor having two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. 
     A “signal medium” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by a machine and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of software or data. The term “signal medium” shall be taken to include any form of a modulated data signal, carrier wave, and so forth. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a matter as to encode information in the signal. The terms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. 
     Changes and modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure, as expressed in the following claims.