Patent Publication Number: US-2002001103-A1

Title: Method and device for rearranging an electronic document

Description:
[0001] The present invention concerns a method of rearranging an electronic document with a view to the subsequent processing of this document, such as a printing or display of this document.  
       [0002] It also concerns a rearrangement device adapted to implement the rearrangement method according to the invention.  
       [0003] The present invention also concerns a method and device for printing an electronic document after rearrangement thereof.  
       [0004] The technical field to which the present invention relates is that of the processing of an electronic document created on a computer, which is then printed on a printing device such as a printer, or transmitted by a facsimile machine, or displayed on a screen.  
       [0005] It is particularly well adapted to the printing of a document after enlargement, notably for producing posters or notices.  
       [0006] Thus, when it is wished to print a document in poster mode, that is to say after enlargement, a document is converted for example from an A 4  format into a document with an A 3  format.  
       [0007] However, the majority of printers do not make it possible to print on A 3  format sheets, but only on A 4  format sheets.  
       [0008] Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the conventional technique of printing a document after enlargement, comprising for example a page  200 , consists of virtually dividing the document  200  into four pages  210  in a memory.  
       [0009] Next these pages are printed physically on four sheets  220 ,  230 ,  240 ,  250 , by means of a printer  260  connected to a computer  10 .  
       [0010] From these four printed sheets  220 ,  230 ,  240 ,  250 , the user will be able to effect a collage in order to join these sheets and reconstitute the final poster.  
       [0011] This operation is not simple because notably of the mechanical characteristics of printers.  
       [0012] This is because the contour of each sheet  220 ,  230 ,  240 ,  250  has white margins necessary for printing.  
       [0013] These margins will entail a series of cuts to be made by the user before the collage of the sheets  220 ,  230 ,  240 ,  250 , which may give rise to faulty handling and make the collage difficult.  
       [0014] The quality of the final poster will consequently be mediocre.  
       [0015] A similar problem is observed when it is wished to print or display information in an electronic document distributed over several pages of the document.  
       [0016] Such an electronic document may be a graph, of the Gantt graph type, which extends over several pages of the document.  
       [0017] When it is wished to print or display such a document, it is necessary to print several pages or successively display different pages on a screen.  
       [0018] The purpose of the present invention is to resolve the aforementioned drawbacks and to reduce the number of handling operations to be performed on a document in order to reconstitute the information contained in this document.  
       [0019] To this end, the rearrangement method to which the present invention relates makes it possible to rearrange an electronic document with a view to subsequent processing, the electronic document comprising a set of recordings of graphical instructions.  
       [0020] According to the invention, the rearrangement method comprises the following steps:  
       [0021] constructing at least one group of recordings of graphical instructions, a first recording of graphical instructions belonging to a group if there exists at least a second recording of graphical instructions in said group juxtaposing or intersecting the first recording of graphical instructions; and  
       [0022] dividing the group of recordings of graphical instructions into a minimum number of subgroup or subgroups of recordings of graphical instructions, each subgroup of recordings of graphical instructions being adapted to be processed on an entity with a predetermined format.  
       [0023] Thus, for each significant block of information in the document, formed by contiguous recordings of graphical instructions, a division of this block of information into a minimum number of subgroups is effected.  
       [0024] Thus this block of information can be printed on a minimum number of pages, in order notably to reduce the presence of white margins to be cut in order to reconstitute the block of information after printing.  
       [0025] By way of example, this block of information can be an area of text or an image contained in the electronic document and is formed by a group of recordings of graphical instructions, also referred to in the remainder of the description as a segment.  
       [0026] According to a preferred characteristic of the invention, the construction step is implemented independently on each set of recordings of graphical instructions associated respectively with a page of the said electronic document.  
       [0027] Thus, in a conventional system for managing electronic documents on a computer, all the recordings of graphical instructions in the document are distributed in processing files associated respectively with each page of the document.  
       [0028] It thus suffices, during the construction step, to implement this construction step independently on each processing file associated with a page of the document.  
       [0029] Advantageously the rearrangement method comprises, before the dividing step, a step of merging groups of recordings of graphical instructions, two groups of recordings of graphical instructions, belonging respectively to two distinct pages of the electronic document, being merged if they are contiguous.  
       [0030] Thus the rearrangement method according to the invention makes it possible not only to group together the significant blocks of information on the same page of the document, but also group together contiguous blocks of information which belong to different pages in the electronic document.  
       [0031] According to another preferred characteristic of the invention, the rearrangement method also comprises a step of storing each subgroup of recordings of graphical instructions respectively in a related processing file.  
       [0032] Thus, after the rearrangement method, each block of information in the electronic document can be processed independently by virtue of the related processing file.  
       [0033] Advantageously, this rearrangement method also comprises a step of substituting, for each group of recordings of graphical instructions, in a main processing file associated with the electronic document, graphical instructions adapted to represent the geometric envelope of said group.  
       [0034] Thus, in the main processing file, each block of information which is processed separately is masked, in order to replace this block of information by marking its location in the main processing file.  
       [0035] When the document is printed, by virtue of this main processing file, a pattern is produced which indicates the locations of each block of information printed on related sheets.  
       [0036] According to another preferred characteristic of the invention, at the dividing step, each subgroup of recordings of graphical instructions is adapted to be processed on an entity with a predetermined format after enlargement of the electronic document.  
       [0037] The rearrangement method is particularly well adapted to facilitate the processing of an electronic document after enlargement thereof.  
       [0038] This is because each block of information on a page able to be processed on several pages after enlargement of the document can be identified at the construction step, and then be redivided into a minimum number of subgroups of recordings each corresponding to a processing page.  
       [0039] According to another aspect of the invention, a method of printing an electronic document after rearrangement of the document comprises a step of printing the document from the related processing file or files and the main processing file.  
       [0040] The significant blocks of information in the document are thus printed on related sheets from related printing files.  
       [0041] These related sheets are then stuck to the printed sheets from the main printing file of the document in order to reconstitute the document.  
       [0042] In this way a quality document is obtained, requiring fewer handlings on the part of the user in order to reconstitute the document after printing thereof on several sheets of a given format.  
       [0043] According to one advantageous characteristic of the invention, the printing method comprises, before the step of printing each related processing file, the following steps:  
       [0044] analysing the content of each related processing file; and  
       [0045] configuring a printing device, choosing one configuration amongst a set of predetermined configurations, according to the content of each related processing file.  
       [0046] This characteristic makes it possible to adapt the configuration of the printing device to the content of each block of information to be printed.  
       [0047] According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, at the printing step, the printing device is configured in a draft mode in order to print the main processing file.  
       [0048] Thus the printing device is configured in a minimum mode, normally referred to as draft mode, provided that the main processing file no longer contains anything more than simple graphical instructions.  
       [0049] This is because elaborate graphical instructions, of the image or drawing type, are printed on related sheets from related processing files.  
       [0050] Correlatively, the present invention concerns a device for rearranging an electronic document with a view to subsequent processing, the electronic document comprising a set of recordings of graphical instructions.  
       [0051] This rearrangement device comprises:  
       [0052] means of constructing at least one group of recordings of graphical instructions, a first recording of graphical instructions belonging to a group if there exists at least a second recording of graphical instructions in the said group juxtaposing or intersecting the first recording of graphical instructions; and  
       [0053] means of dividing the group of recordings of graphical instructions into a minimum number of subgroup or groups of recordings of graphical instructions, each subgroup of recordings of graphical instructions being adapted to be processed on an entity with a predetermined format.  
       [0054] According to another aspect of the invention, a device for printing an electronic document comprises means of printing the electronic document from the related processing file or files and the main processing file obtained after rearrangement of the document in accordance with the rearrangement method according to the invention.  
       [0055] These rearrangement and printing devices have advantages and characteristics similar to those of the rearrangement and printing methods according to the invention.  
       [0056] The present invention also concerns a computer comprising means adapted to implement the rearrangement method according to the invention and a printer comprising means adapted to implement the printing method according to the invention.  
       [0057] It relates finally to a computer program which can be read by a computer or microprocessor, comprising portions of software code adapted to implement the rearrangement and/or printing method according to the invention.  
       [0058] Other particularities and advantages of the invention will also emerge from the following description. 
     
    
    
     [0059] In the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limitative example:  
     [0060]FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional technique for printing a document after enlargement;  
     [0061]FIG. 2 is an algorithm representing a printing method in a first embodiment of the invention;  
     [0062]FIG. 3 is an algorithm illustrating a construction step of the printing method according to FIG. 2;  
     [0063]FIG. 4 illustrates schematically the printing method according to the invention implemented on a page of a document;  
     [0064]FIG. 5 is an algorithm illustrating a printing method in a second embodiment of the invention; and  
     [0065]FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a computer adapted to implement the rearrangement method according to the invention. 
    
    
     [0066] A description will be given, first of all with reference to FIG. 2, of a method of printing an electronic document after enlargement. In this first embodiment of the invention, the electronic document contains a single page  200 , created for example on a computer  10  as illustrated in FIG. 1.  
     [0067] This page  200  is created in an initial format, typically in an A 4  format.  
     [0068] Conventionally, when it is wished to print such a page in a document, the content of this page is converted into a series of graphical instructions which are recorded in a print file.  
     [0069] Thus, in Windows for example, such a print file, also referred to as an EMF file or Enhanced Meta File, is created when the user requests printing of the document.  
     [0070] This EMF print file thus comprises the recordings of graphical instructions for printing the page  200  of the document.  
     [0071] Each graphical instruction corresponds to an elementary graphical operation, for example “draw a rectangle” or “draw a circle”, associated with spatial coordinates for determining the position and dimensions respectively of the rectangle or of the circle on the print sheet.  
     [0072] After printing of the document, first of all the document will be rearranged, and notably all the blocks of information existing in the page  200  will be determined from this EMF print file.  
     [0073] For this purpose, a construction step E 1  is implemented.  
     [0074] This construction step E 1  consists of constructing one or more groups of graphical instructions, referred to in the remainder of the description as segments S.  
     [0075] This step of constructing segments S is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 3.  
     [0076] In an initialisation step E 10  an empty set X will be considered, comprising all the segments constructed in the page  200 .  
     [0077] A reading step E 11  reads a first recording of graphical instructions O 1  in the EMF print file associated with the page  200 .  
     [0078] This first recording of graphical instructions O 1  is added to the set X in an adding step E 12 .  
     [0079] An indicator MERGED is also initialised to the value “false” in an initialisation step E 13 .  
     [0080] A selection step E 14  next selects a first segment S of the set X.  
     [0081] Next, a second selection step E 15  selects the first recording O 2  of this first segment S.  
     [0082] A test step E 16  determines whether the first recording O 1  juxtaposes or intersects the first recording O 2  of the first segment S of the set This test can be implemented from coordinates of each recording of graphical instructions O 1 , O 2  stored in the EMF print file.  
     [0083] It is thus determined whether there is an intersection of graphical instructions O 1 , O 2  or whether these graphical instructions are close to each other.  
     [0084] Consider for example two rectangles R 1  and R 2 .  
     [0085] For each of these rectangles, the graphical instructions stored in the EMF print file are of the following type:  
     [0086] R 1 =(x 1 , y 1 , w 1 , h 1 ) and R 2 =(x 2 , y 2 , w 2 , h 2 ) where the pair (x, y) defines the bottom left-hand corner of the rectangle; w defines the length of the rectangle in a first direction; and h defines the height of the rectangle in a second direction of the plane.  
     [0087] There is an intersection between the two rectangles R 1  and R 2  if there is a point (a, b) on the rectangle R 1  such that this point (a, b) also belongs to the rectangle R 2 .  
     [0088] It is known that a point (a, b) belongs to a rectangle if and only if:  
     [0089] x&lt;a&lt;x+w and  
     [0090] y&lt;b&lt;y+h.  
     [0091] Likewise, two rectangles R 1  and R 2  are close to each other if there is a point (a, b) in the rectangle R 1  such that the intersection of the rectangle R 2  and a circle C, having as its centre the point (a, b) and a small radius r, is not empty.  
     [0092] The condition for a point (c, d) to belong to a rectangle is set out above.  
     [0093] In addition, this point (c, d) belongs to the circle C (a, b, r) if and only if:  
     [0094] c=a+ρ sin α and d=b+ρ cos α where  
     [0095] 0≦α&lt;2π and 0≦ρ&lt;r  
     [0096] These primitives (intersections, juxtapositions) are generally implemented by graphical libraries of the GDI type in Windows®.  
     [0097] If the test of step E 16  is positive, the first recording O 1  is added to the first segment S of the set X in a step E 17 .  
     [0098] The indicator MERGED is then set to the value “true” in an update step E 18 , and then a test step E 19  determines whether the first recording O 1  is the last recording of the EMF print file.  
     [0099] In the negative, a following recording of the EMF print file is considered in a step E 20  and all of steps E 13  to E 16  are reiterated for this following recording.  
     [0100] On the other hand, if at the end of the test step E 16  the recordings of graphical instructions O 1 , O 2  are not contiguous, it is checked in a test step E 21  whether the first recording O 2  of the first segment S is the last recording of this segment S.  
     [0101] In the negative, the following recording of the first segment S is selected in a step E 22  and all of steps E 16  to E 21  are reiterated.  
     [0102] Otherwise, if at the end of the test step E 21  the first recording O 2  is the last recording of the first segment S, it is checked in a test step E 23  whether the first segment S is the last segment of the set X.  
     [0103] In the negative, the following segment of the set X is selected in a selection step E 24  and steps E 15  to E 23  are reiterated in order to determine whether the first recording O 1  of the EMF print file belongs to this following segment.  
     [0104] If at the end of the test step E 23  the first segment S is the last segment of the set X, the value of the indicator MERGED is tested in a test step E 25 .  
     [0105] This value of the indicator having remained at the value “false” initialised at step E 13 , a step E 26  adds the first recording O 1  of the EMF print file to the set X, that is to say the recording O 1  thus forms a segment of the set X.  
     [0106] Next, in the steps of testing E 19  and reading E 20 , the following recording of the EMF file is considered if such exists.  
     [0107] Thus all the recordings of the EMF print file are analysed one by one up to the end of this file.  
     [0108] Consequently a set X of segments S is constructed, each segment S corresponding to a block of information of the page  200  to be printed.  
     [0109] The blocks of information can be blocks of text, blocks of images or blocks of drawings.  
     [0110] Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the page  200  can include for example a photograph associated with a block of text. This page  200  therefore contains two segments.  
     [0111] As illustrated in the general algorithm in FIG. 2, after having constructed these segments S, page separation lines are generated in a step E 3 .  
     [0112] This generation of notional lines makes it possible, as illustrated in FIG. 4, to divide the page  200  into four notional pages  210 .  
     [0113] Here the two segments of the page  200 , that is to say the photograph and the text, are divided by notional lines. They are therefore intended to be printed on several sheets when a conventional printing technique is used.  
     [0114] More precisely, the text would be printed on two sheets and the photograph on four sheets.  
     [0115] Next, in a selection step E 4 , a first segment S of the set X is selected.  
     [0116] In a calculation step E 5  the number N 1  of divisions of this segment S by page separation lines is determined.  
     [0117] Next, in a test step E 6 , it is checked whether this segment S fits on a page after enlargement.  
     [0118] In the affirmative, an enlargement step E 7  is implemented and then this first segment S is if necessary repositioned in the plane in a positioning step E 8  before being printed in a printing step E 9 .  
     [0119] Such is the case here with the text of the page  200  in FIG. 4, which can, after enlargement, be printed on a single sheet  420 . This text is also positioned in landscape mode in order to be printed in the width of the sheet  420 .  
     [0120] On the other hand, if at the end of the test step E 6  the enlarged segment S fits on two sheets, an enlargement followed by a slight reduction is implemented in a test step E 30  in order to check whether the segment S thus obtained also fits on a single sheet.  
     [0121] The reduction used can be around 5%.  
     [0122] At the end of this test step E 30 , the segment S is reduced in a step E 31  and the steps of enlargement E 7 , positioning E 8  and printing E 9  are reiterated on it in order to print this segment on a separate related sheet.  
     [0123] If the segment S, even after slight reduction, does not fit on a single sheet, it is checked whether the segment S after enlargement fits on a number N 2  of sheets less than the number N 1  of sheets necessary for printing the segment without rearrangement of the document.  
     [0124] For this purpose, in a step E 32 , the minimum number N 2  of divisions of the segment S by page separation lines Y is determined.  
     [0125] In a comparison step E 33 , this minimum number N 2  is compared with the number N 1  of cuts determined at step E 5 .  
     [0126] If this minimum number N 2  is strictly less than the number of cuts N 1 , steps E 7  to E 9  are also reiterated on the segment S in order to print the latter on several sheets. Here the photograph is thus printed on two related sheets  400  and  410 .  
     [0127] Otherwise, if the segment S relates to a number of sheets equal to the number of sheets necessary for printing the document after enlargement, this segment S is printed in a conventional manner.  
     [0128] Such is the case here if a segment S can be printed only on four sheets.  
     [0129] In a test step E 34 , it is checked whether the first segment S is the last segment of the set X and, in the negative, the following segment of the set X is selected in a reading step E 35  and all the steps of the method illustrated in FIG. 2 are reiterated on this following segment.  
     [0130] Finally, when all the segments of the set X have been examined, the EMF print file associated with the page  200  is printed in a printing step E 36 .  
     [0131] When one of the segments S must be printed separately during the printing step E 9 , in practice the recordings of graphical instructions associated with this segment S are stored in a related printing file from which the steps of enlargement E 7 , repositioning E 8  and printing E 9  are implemented.  
     [0132] In addition, preferably a substitution step E 37  is implemented in the main EMF print file associated with the page  200  in order to replace each group of recordings of graphical instructions, forming a segment X printed separately at the printing step E 9 , with a set of graphical instructions adapted to represent the geometric envelope of this segment S.  
     [0133] In order to replace a group of recordings of graphical instructions with its geometric envelope, the following procedure is followed, according to the type of graphical instruction:  
     [0134] if it is a case of a text, this is replaced in a known manner with a rectangle, in which the text is entered, corresponding to its bounding box;  
     [0135] if the graphical instruction to be substituted is a graphic proper, the background colour is changed so as to make this background white and the contour of the graphic is drawn in dotted lines.  
     [0136] If it is a case of a rectangular-shaped image, the position of this image, its width and its height are read in the EMF print file. This image is replaced with a rectangle with a white background and a contour in dotted lines, with the same position, the same width and the same height;  
     [0137] if the image is different in shape, a practical way of substituting this consists first of all of replacing all the switched-on pixels in this image with black pixels.  
     [0138] Next all these pixels are analysed in order to temporarily store the pixels of the image having a number of adjacent pixels greater than or equal to eight.  
     [0139] This storage step consists in fact of storing all the pixels of the image apart from those defining the contour of this image.  
     [0140] All the previously stored pixels are switched off so that the EMF file now contains only the switched-on pixels corresponding to the contour of the image.  
     [0141] Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the photo and the text printed separately are replaced in the main document with rectangles representing the contour of the photograph and of the text.  
     [0142] Thus, during the step E 36  of printing the main EMF print file, sheets  430 ,  440 ,  450 ,  460  illustrating the pattern of the document, that is to say illustrating the contours of the blocks of information printed separately, are obtained at the output of the printer. These contours then facilitate the positioning of the blocks of information after division of the related sheets  400 ,  410 , 420 .  
     [0143] Preferably, during the step E 9  of printing each segment S of the set X, the content of each related print file containing the graphical instructions associated with the segment S is analysed and the printing device, such as the printer  260 , is configured choosing a configuration mode amongst a set of predetermined configurations, according to the content of each related print file.  
     [0144] Thus it is possible to modify and adapt the configuration of the printer  260  to the content of the file, for example to choose a configuration in image mode I in order to print photographs and a configuration in text mode T when the segment S contains only text.  
     [0145] Likewise, during the step E 36  of printing the EMF print file of the document, the printing device can be configured in a draft mode D since this EMF print file now contains only contour graphical instructions.  
     [0146] Here the sheets  400  and  410  are printed in image mode  1 , the sheet  420  in text mode T and the sheets  430 , 440 , 450  and  460  in draft mode D.  
     [0147]FIG. 5 illustrates, by way of variant, the printing method according to the invention applied to a document comprising several pages, here for example two pages.  
     [0148] The printing method is substantially identical to the one described previously with reference to FIG. 2 and the analogous steps have identical references and will not be described again.  
     [0149] The document comprising two pages, two separate print files EMF 1  and EMF 2  make it possible to store the recordings of graphical instructions associated with each of these pages of the document.  
     [0150] Construction steps E 1 ′ and E 1 ″ are implemented separately, on each of the print files EMF 1 , EMF 2 .  
     [0151] Thus, as described previously with reference to FIG. 3, two sets X 1  and X 2  are obtained, containing all the segments associated with each of the pages of the document.  
     [0152] In a merger step E 40 , the pairs of segments S 1 , S 2  belonging respectively to the sets X 1  and X 2  are grouped together in a set Y, these segments S 1 , S 2  being contiguous.  
     [0153] Thus in the set Y the segments S 1 , S 2  belonging to two distinct pages of the document and which are intended to be disposed alongside each other after printing of the two pages are selected.  
     [0154] For all the pairs of segments S 1 , S 2  of the set Y, all of steps E 4  to E 9  and E 30  to E 37  as described above with reference to FIG. 2 are reiterated, applying these processing steps to the merged segments S 1 , S 2 .  
     [0155] It is thus possible, for each pair of segments SI, S 2 , to print the latter on separate related sheets, using a minimum number of sheets necessary for printing these segments S 1 , S 2 .  
     [0156] Although here an embodiment has been described in which the document is enlarged, the method of rearrangement before printing can also be applied when the document is printed in its initial format, in order to separately print the contiguous documents S 1 , S 2  belonging respectively to two distinct pages of the document.  
     [0157] The method according to the invention thus optimises the number of pages necessary for printing blocks of information of a document and avoids unnecessary divisions on the printed sheets in order to reconstitute the document.  
     [0158] A description will now be given, with reference to FIG. 6, of a printing device adapted to implement the rearrangement and printing methods according to the invention.  
     [0159] Here, all the means for implementing the rearrangement method according to the invention are incorporated in a computer  10  and the means for effecting the printing proper are incorporated in a printer  260 .  
     [0160] Naturally the rearrangement device could possibly be incorporated in the printer  260 , or even a facsimile machine  17 .  
     [0161] The rearrangement device for implementing the invention comprises means of constructing segments from a document, means of dividing these segments in order to position them on a minimum number of related sheets, means of merging contiguous segments and means of storing these segments in related print files.  
     [0162] It also has means of substituting, in the print file, for graphical instructions relating to a segment, graphical instructions adapted to represent the geometric envelope of this segment.  
     [0163] The print document has means of printing the document from related print files and the main print file.  
     [0164] It also has means of configuring the printer  260  according to the content of the print file to be printed.  
     [0165] Apart from the print means proper which are incorporated in the printer  260 , all the means of the rearrangement and printing device are here incorporated in the computer  10 , and more precisely in the microprocessor  100 .  
     [0166] A read only memory  101  or ROM is adapted to store the computer program in order to implement the rearrangement and printing methods according to the invention, and a random access memory  102  is adapted to store in different registers the variables modified during the execution of these programs.  
     [0167] By way of example, the random access memory  102  or RAM memory contains registers for storing the set X of segments constructed in the document, the main print file EMF and the related print files.  
     [0168] This computer  10 , as illustrated in FIG. 6, is thus connected to a printer  260  by means of an input/output card  111 .  
     [0169] It has a communication interface  110  which enables it to be connected to a communication network  1 .  
     [0170] If necessary, a printer  23  can be connected to the computer  10  by means of the communication network  1 .  
     [0171] The printing of the document for implementing the print method according to the invention can in a similar fashion be performed on the printer  23 .  
     [0172] The computer  10  also has a storage means  106 , such as a hard disk.  
     [0173] It also has a disk drive  107 , a CD-ROM drive  108  and a computer card (also referred to as a PCMCIA card) reader  109 .  
     [0174] A diskette  7 , a CD-ROM  8  or PC-CARD  9 , as well as the hard disk  106 , can contain documents to be printed in accordance with the invention, as well as the code of the invention which, once read by the computer  10 , will be stored in the disk  106 .  
     [0175] According to a variant, the program enabling the computer  10  to implement the invention can be stored in read only memory  101 .  
     [0176] In a second variant, the program can be received and stored in an identical fashion by means of the communication network  1 .  
     [0177] The computer  10  also comprises a screen  103  for displaying the documents to be printed, or serving as an interface with the user.  
     [0178] The method of rearranging the document can also be implemented on the computer  10  in order to display the document on the screen  103 , each segment being divided in order to be displayed on the screen  103  in the predetermined format.  
     [0179] In addition, the user can modify the documents by means of the keyboard  104  or a mouse  105  or any other means.  
     [0180] The central unit or microprocessor  100  will execute the instructions relating to the implementation of the invention.  
     [0181] On powering up, the programs and methods relating to the invention stored in one of the non-volatile memories, for example the read only memory  101 , are transferred into the random access memory  102 , which will then contain the executable code of the invention as well as the variables necessary for implementing the invention.  
     [0182] A communication bus  112  affords communication between the different sub-elements of the computer  10  or the elements linked to this computer.  
     [0183] The representation of the bus  112  is not limitative and notably the microprocessor  100  is able to communicate instructions to all sub-elements, directly or by means of another sub-element of the computer  10 .  
     [0184] Naturally many modifications can be made to the example embodiments described above without departing from the scope of the invention.  
     [0185] Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the printing of the document could be implemented from a facsimile machine  17  connected to the computer  10  by means of the input/output card  111 .