Patent Publication Number: US-2013250879-A1

Title: Method and apparatus for transmission mode design for extension carrier of lte advanced

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) AND CLAIM OF PRIORITY 
     The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/614,322, filed Mar. 22, 2012, entitled “METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMISSION MODE DESIGN FOR EXTENSION CARRIER OF LTE-ADVANCED.” The content of the above-identified patent document is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present application relates generally to wireless communication systems and, more specifically, to a transmission mode design for extension carrier of Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-Advanced). 
     BACKGROUND 
     LTE defines downlink physical channels to carry information blocks received from the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and higher layers. These channels are categorized as transport channels or control channels. 
     In the 3GPP LTE systems, a physical resource block (PRE) pair is composed of two time slots. Rel-12 will introduce a new carrier type for improving spectral efficiency and energy efficiency by reducing or eliminating common control and reliance of legacy cell-specific reference signals by the user equipment for channel estimation for receiving the data channel. The user equipment (UE) may rely purely on the UE-specific reference signal (UE-RS) (or demodulation reference signal (DM-RS)) for channel estimation for receiving the data channel on the new carrier. LTE Release 8-10 uses cell-specific reference signals (CRS) for channel estimation. 
     SUMMARY 
     A base station configured to communicate with a plurality of subscriber stations is provided. The base station includes a transmit path configured to transmit data and control information on a non-backwards compatible extension carrier. The base station includes processing circuitry coupled to the transmit path and configured to select a Basic Demodulation Reference Signal Transmission Scheme (Basic DM-RS TS) of Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) corresponding to Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The Basic DM-RS TS uses DM-RS ports for PDSCH transmission using DCI format 1A. 
     A method for communicating with a plurality of subscriber stations is provided. The method includes transmitting data and control information on a non-backwards compatible extension carrier. The method includes selecting a Basic Demodulation Reference Signal Transmission Scheme (Basic DM-RS TS) of Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) corresponding to Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The Basic DM-RS TS uses DM RS ports for PDSCH transmission using DCI format 1A. 
     A subscriber station configured to communicate with at least one base station is provided. The subscriber station includes a receive path configured to receive data and control information from a carrier of a first type and a carrier of a second type of the at least one base station. The second type carrier is a non-backwards compatible extension carrier. The first type carrier is a LTE Release 8 carrier or a LTE Release 10 carrier. The processing circuitry is coupled to the receive path and configured to make a selection, based on the carrier type. In making the selection, the subscriber station selects at least one of: a Basic DM-RS TS for PDSCH demodulation for a transmission mode; a downlink power allocation assumption; a basic DM-RS TS for CSI feedback; and a default transmission mode to use for a carrier. The subscriber station is configured to receive, from the at least one base station, UE-specific signaling indicating the carrier type. 
     Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, it may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document: the terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation; the term “or,” is inclusive, meaning and/or; the phrases “associated with” and “associated therewith,” as well as derivatives thereof, may mean to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, or the like; and the term “controller” means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least one operation, such a device may be implemented in hardware, firmware or software, or some combination of at least two of the same. It should be noted that the functionality associated with any particular controller may be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. Definitions for certain words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior, as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like parts: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates a high-level diagram of a wireless transmit path according to an embodiment of this disclosure; 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates a high-level diagram of a wireless receive path according to an embodiment of this disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a subscriber station according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates PDCCH and PDSCH configured by C-RNTI according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates Basic DM-RS TS configurable by higher layer signaling according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates PDCCH and PDSCH configured by SI-RNTI according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates PDCCH and PDSCH configured by P-RNTI according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates PDCCH and PDSCH configured by RA-RNTI according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates the default transmission mode configurable to be dependent upon higher layer signaling according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates the assumptions of a Rel-11 UE regarding the PDSCH transmission scheme assumed for CSI reference resource for TM8 or TM9 according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates the Basic DM-RS TS for CSI feedback configurable by higher layer signaling according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates the Basic DM-RS TS for CSI feedback configured the same as that used for PDSCH demodulation according to embodiments of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a mapping of UE-specific reference signals, antenna ports 7 and 8 for an extended cyclic prefix according to embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIGS. 1 through 12 , discussed below, and the various embodiments used to describe the principles of the present disclosure in this patent document are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present disclosure may be implemented in any suitably arranged wireless communication system. 
     The following documents and standards descriptions are hereby incorporated into the present disclosure as if fully set forth herein: (i) 3GPP Technical Specification No. 36.211, version 11.2.0, “E-UTRA, Physical Channels and Modulation” (hereinafter “REF1”); (ii) 3GPP Technical Specification No. 36.212, version 11.2.0, “E-UTRA, Multiplexing and Channel Coding” (hereinafter “REF2”); (iii) 3GPP Technical Specification No. 36.213, version 11.2.0, “E-UTRA, Physical Layer Procedures” (hereinafter “REF3”); and (iv) 3GPP Technical Specification No. 36.214, version 11.1.0, “E-UTRA, Physical Layer Measurement” (hereinafter “REF4”). 
     In wireless communications systems, such as LTE, transport channels include the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) and the PDSCH. The PBCH broadcasts parameters for access, such as downlink system bandwidth. The PDSCH is a main channel for communicating data, and the channel is allocated to users on a dynamic and opportunistic basis. The PDSCH carries data in Transport Blocks (TB) that correspond to a MAC protocol data unit. The PDSCH also transmits broadcast information not transmitted on the PBCH, including System Information Blocks (SIB) and paging messages. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) is an example of a control channel. The PDCCH carries, in a Downlink Control Information (DCI) message, the resource assignment for UEs. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a wireless network  100  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of wireless network  100  illustrated in  FIG. 1  is for illustration only. Other embodiments of wireless network  100  could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. 
     The wireless network  100  includes eNodeB (eNB)  101 , eNB  102 , and eNB  103 . The eNB  101  communicates with eNB  102  and eNB  103 . The eNB  101  also communicates with Internet protocol (IP) network  130 , such as the Internet, a proprietary IP network, or other data network. 
     Depending on the network type, other well-known terms may be used instead of “eNodeB,” such as “base station” or “access point”. For the sake of convenience, the term “eNodeB” shall be used herein to refer to the network infrastructure components that provide wireless access to remote terminals. In addition, the term user equipment (UE) is used herein to refer to remote terminals or any remote wireless equipment that wirelessly accesses an eNB, whether the UE is a mobile device (e.g., cell phone) or is normally considered a stationary device (e.g., desktop personal computer, vending machine, etc.). In other systems, other well-known terms may be used instead of “user equipment”, such as “mobile station” (MS), “subscriber station” (SS), “remote terminal” (RT), “wireless terminal” (WT), and the like. 
     The eNB  102  provides wireless broadband access to network  130  to a first plurality of user equipments (UEs) within coverage area  120  of eNB  102 . The first plurality of UEs includes UE  111 , which may be located in a small business; UE  112 , which may be located in an enterprise; UE  113 , which may be located in a WiFi hotspot; UE  114 , which may be located in a first residence; UE  115 , which may be located in a second residence; and UE  116 , which may be a mobile device, such as a cell phone, a wireless laptop, a wireless PDA, or the like. UEs  111 - 116  may be any wireless communication device, such as, but not limited to, a mobile phone, mobile PDA and any mobile station (MS). 
     The eNB  103  provides wireless broadband access to a second plurality of UEs within coverage area  125  of eNB  103 . The second plurality of UEs includes UE  115  and UE  116 . In some embodiments, one or more of eNBs  101 - 103  may communicate with each other and with UEs  111 - 116  using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) techniques including techniques for: transmitting signals on a non-backward compatible extension carrier and excluding transmitting LTE Release 8-10 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and cell-specific reference signals. 
     Dotted lines show the approximate extents of coverage areas  120  and  125 , which are shown as approximately circular for the purposes of illustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood that the coverage areas associated with base stations, for example, coverage areas  120  and  125 , may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending upon the configuration of the base stations and variations in the radio environment associated with natural and man-made obstructions. 
     Although  FIG. 1  depicts one example of a wireless network  100 , various changes may be made to  FIG. 1 . For example, another type of data network, such as a wired network, may be substituted for wireless network  100 . In a wired network, network terminals may replace eNBs  101 - 103  and UEs  111 - 116 . Wired connections may replace the wireless connections depicted in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 2A  is a high-level diagram of a wireless transmit path.  FIG. 2B  is a high-level diagram of a wireless receive path. In  FIGS. 2A and 2B , the transmit path  200  may be implemented, e.g., in eNB  102  and the receive path  250  may be implemented, e.g., in a UE, such as UE  116  of  FIG. 1 . It will be understood, however, that the receive path  250  could be implemented in an eNB (e.g. eNB  102  of  FIG. 1 ) and the transmit path  200  could be implemented in a UE. In certain embodiments, transmit path  200  and receive path  250  are configured to perform methods for transmitting signals on a non-backward compatible extension carrier and excluding transmitting LTE Release 8-10 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and cell-specific reference signals. 
     Transmit path  200  comprises channel coding and modulation block  205 , serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block  210 , Size N Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block  215 , parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block  220 , add cyclic prefix block  225 , up-converter (UC)  230 . Receive path  250  comprises down-converter (DC)  255 , remove cyclic prefix block  260 , serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block  265 , Size N Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) block  270 , parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block  275 , channel decoding and demodulation block  280 . 
     At least some of the components in  FIGS. 2A and 2B  may be implemented in software while other components may be implemented by configurable hardware (e.g., a processor) or a mixture of software and configurable hardware. In particular, it is noted that the FFT blocks and the IFFT blocks described in this disclosure document may be implemented as configurable software algorithms, where the value of Size N may be modified according to the implementation. 
     Furthermore, although this disclosure is directed to an embodiment that implements the Fast Fourier Transform and the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform, this is by way of illustration only and should not be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. It will be appreciated that in an alternate embodiment of this disclosure, the Fast Fourier Transform functions and the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform functions may easily be replaced by Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) functions and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) functions, respectively. It will be appreciated that for DFT and IDFT functions, the value of the N variable may be any integer number (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), while for FFT and IFFT functions, the value of the N variable may be any integer number that is a power of two (i.e., 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.). 
     In transmit path  200 , channel coding and modulation block  205  receives a set of information bits, applies coding (e.g., Turbo coding) and modulates (e.g., Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)) the input bits to produce a sequence of frequency-domain modulation symbols. Serial-to-parallel block  210  converts (i.e., de-multiplexes) the serial modulated symbols to parallel data to produce N parallel symbol streams where N is the IFFT/FFT size used in eNB  102  and UE  116 . Size N IFFT block  215  then performs an IFFT operation on the N parallel symbol streams to produce time-domain output signals. Parallel-to-serial block  220  converts (i.e., multiplexes) the parallel time-domain output symbols from Size N IFFT block  215  to produce a serial time-domain signal. Add cyclic prefix block  225  then inserts a cyclic prefix to the time-domain signal. Finally, up-converter  230  modulates (i.e., up-converts) the output of add cyclic prefix block  225  to RF frequency for transmission via a wireless channel. The signal may also be filtered at baseband before conversion to RF frequency. 
     The transmitted RF signal arrives at UE  116  after passing through the wireless channel and reverse operations to those at eNB  102  are performed. Down-converter  255  down-converts the received signal to baseband frequency and remove cyclic prefix block  260  removes the cyclic prefix to produce the serial time-domain baseband signal. Serial-to-parallel block  265  converts the time-domain baseband signal to parallel time domain signals. Size N FFT block  270  then performs an FFT algorithm to produce N parallel frequency-domain signals. Parallel-to-serial block  275  converts the parallel frequency-domain signals to a sequence of modulated data symbols. Channel decoding and demodulation block  280  demodulates and then decodes the modulated symbols to recover the original input data stream. 
     Each of eNBs  101 - 103  may implement a transmit path that is analogous to transmitting in the downlink to UEs  111 - 116  and may implement a receive path that is analogous to receiving in the uplink from UEs  111 - 116 . Similarly, each one of UEs  111 - 116  may implement a transmit path corresponding to the architecture for transmitting in the uplink to eNBs  101 - 103  and may implement a receive path corresponding to the architecture for receiving in the downlink from eNBs  101 - 103 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a subscriber station according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of subscribe station, such as UE  116 , illustrated in  FIG. 3  is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless subscriber station could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. 
     UE  116  comprises antenna  305 , radio frequency (RF) transceiver  310 , transmit (TX) processing circuitry  315 , microphone  320 , and receive (RX) processing circuitry  325 . SS  116  also comprises speaker  330 , main processor  340 , input/output (I/O) interface (IF)  345 , keypad  350 , display  355 , and memory  360 . Memory  360  further comprises basic operating system (OS) program  361  and a plurality of applications  362 . The plurality of applications can include one or more of resource mapping tables ( FIGS. 4-12  described in further detail herein below). 
     Radio frequency (RF) transceiver  310  receives from antenna  305  an incoming RF signal transmitted by a base station of wireless network  100 . Radio frequency (RF) transceiver  310  down-converts the incoming RF signal to produce an intermediate frequency (IF) or a baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is sent to receiver (RX) processing circuitry  325  that produces a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding, and/or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. Receiver (RX) processing circuitry  325  transmits the processed baseband signal to speaker  330  (i.e., voice data) or to main processor  340  for further processing (e.g., web browsing). 
     Transmitter (TX) processing circuitry  315  receives analog or digital voice data from microphone  320  or other outgoing baseband data (e.g., web data, e-mail, interactive video game data) from main processor  340 . Transmitter (TX) processing circuitry  315  encodes, multiplexes, and/or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to produce a processed baseband or IF signal. Radio frequency (RF) transceiver  310  receives the outgoing processed baseband or IF signal from transmitter (TX) processing circuitry  315 . Radio frequency (RF) transceiver  310  up-converts the baseband or IF signal to a radio frequency (RF) signal that is transmitted via antenna  305 . 
     In certain embodiments, main processor  340  is a microprocessor or microcontroller. Memory  360  is coupled to main processor  340 . According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, part of memory  360  comprises a random access memory (RAM) and another part of memory  360  comprises a Flash memory, which acts as a read-only memory (ROM). 
     Main processor  340  executes basic operating system (OS) program  361  stored in memory  360  in order to control the overall operation of wireless UE  116 . In one such operation, main processor  340  controls the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signals by radio frequency (RF) transceiver  310 , receiver (RX) processing circuitry  325 , and transmitter (TX) processing circuitry  315 , in accordance with well-known principles. 
     Main processor  340  is capable of executing other processes and programs resident in memory  360 , such as multi-stage time-division multiplexed LDPC decoding processes described in embodiments of the present disclosure. Main processor  340  can move data into or out of memory  360 , as required by an executing process. In some embodiments, the main processor  340  is configured to execute a plurality of applications  362 , such as applications for coordinated multi-point (CoMP) communications and multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) communications. The main processor  340  can operate the plurality of applications  362  based on OS program  361  or in response to a signal received from BS  102 . Main processor  340  is also coupled to I/O interface  345 . I/O interface  345  provides UE  116  with the ability to connect to other devices such as laptop computers and handheld computers. I/O interface  345  is the communication path between these accessories and main controller  340 . 
     Main processor  340  is also coupled to keypad  350  and display unit  355 . The operator of UE  116  uses keypad  350  to enter data into UE  116 . Display  355  may be a liquid crystal display capable of rendering text and/or at least limited graphics from web sites. Alternate embodiments may use other types of displays. 
     LTE Release 12 (Rel-12) may include an extension carrier (also known as New Carrier Type), which is a non-backward compatible carrier. The extension carrier does not transmit any LTE Release 8 (Rel-8), LTE Release 9 (Rel-8), LTE Release 10, or LTE Release 11 cell-specific reference signals. The LTE Rel-11 carrier does not transmit any Rel-8, Rel-9, Rel-10, or Rel-11 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). 
     The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) transmission schemes for Rel-8, Rel-9, Rel-10, Rel-11 LTE include the following schemes: Single-antenna Port scheme; Transmit Diversity scheme; Large Delay Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) scheme; Closed-loop Spatial Multiplexing scheme; Multi-user (MU) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) scheme; Dual Layer scheme; and Up to 8 Later Transmission scheme. According to the Single-antenna Port schemes of the PDSCH for port numbers 0, 5, 7, or 8, UE  116  is configured to expect that an eNB transmission, such as from eNB  102 , on the PDSCH would be performed according to Section 6.3.4.1 of 3GPP Technical Specification 36.211 version 11.2.0, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation” (also referred to as TS36.211), the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. When UE  116  uses one of the antenna ports within the set pε{7,8}, UE  116  does not assume that the other antenna port in the set {7,8} is not associated with transmission of PDSCH to a second UE, such as UE  115 . 
     According to Transmit Diversity Scheme of the PDSCH, UE  116  assumes that an eNB transmission, such as from eNB  102 , on the PDSCH is performed according to Section 6.3.4.3 of TS36.211. 
     According to a large delay cyclic delay diversity (CDD) scheme of the PDSCH, UE  116  assumes that an eNB transmission, such as from eNB  102 , on the PDSCH is performed according to large delay CDD as defined in Section 6.3.4.2.2 of TS36.211. 
     According to a Closed-loop Spatial Multiplexing scheme of the PDSCH, UE  116  assumes that an eNB transmission, such as from eNB  102 , on the PDSCH is performed according to the applicable number of transmission layers as defined in Section 6.3.4.2.1 of TS36.211. 
     According to a MU-MIMO transmission scheme of the PDSCH, UE  116  assumes that an eNB transmission, such as from eNB  102 , on the PDSCH would be performed on one layer and according to Section 6.3.4.2.1 of TS36.211. The δ power-offset  dB value of a signal on the PDCCH with Downlink Control Information (DCI) format 1D using the downlink power offset field is given in Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Mapping of downlink power offset filed in DCI 
               
               
                 format 1D to the δ power-offset  dB value. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Downlink power offset field 
                 δ power-offset  [dB] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 −10 log 10 (2) 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     According to a Dual Layer scheme of the PDSCH, UE  116  assumes that an eNB transmission, such as from eNB  102 , on the PDSCH would be performed with two transmission layers on antenna ports 7 and 8 as defined in Section 6.3.4.4 of TS36.211. 
     According to an ‘Up to 8’ Later Transmission scheme of the PDSCH, UE  116  assumes that an eNB transmission on the PDSCH would be performed with up to 8 transmission layers on antenna ports 7 through 14 as defined in Section 6.3.4.4 of TS36.211. 
     In Rel-11, the transmission scheme used by UE  116  to receive PDSCH depends on the radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), the transmission mode and the number of physical broadcast channel (PBCH) antenna ports, as illustrated in Tables 2-7. Transmission schemes that rely on demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) need to be defined because the extension carrier does not transmit cell-specific reference signals (CRS) for PDSCH demodulation purposes. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 PDCCH and PDSCH configured by System 
               
               
                 Information RNTI (SI-RNTI) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Search 
                 Transmission scheme of PDSCH 
               
               
                 DCI format 
                 Space 
                 corresponding to PDCCH 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DCI format 1C 
                 Common 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna ports is 
               
               
                   
                   
                 one, Single-antenna port, port 0 is used, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 otherwise Transmit diversity. 
               
               
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna ports is 
               
               
                   
                   
                 one, Single-antenna port, port 0 is used, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 PDCCH and PDSCH configured by Paging-RNTI (P-RNTI) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Search 
                 Transmission scheme of PDSCH 
               
               
                 DCI format 
                 Space 
                 corresponding to PDCCH 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DCI format 1C 
                 Common 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna ports is 
               
               
                   
                   
                 one, Single-antenna port, port 0 is used, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna ports is 
               
               
                   
                   
                 one, Single-antenna port, port 0 is used, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 PDCCH and PDSCH configured by 
               
               
                 Random Access RNTI (RA-RNTI) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Search 
                 Transmission scheme of PDSCH 
               
               
                 DCI format 
                 Space 
                 corresponding to PDCCH 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DCI format 1C 
                 Common 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna ports is 
               
               
                   
                   
                 one, Single-antenna port, port 0 is used, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna ports is 
               
               
                   
                   
                 one, Single-antenna port, port 0 is used, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 PDCCH and PDSCH configured by Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Transmission 
                   
                   
                 Transmission scheme of PDSCH 
               
               
                 mode 
                 DCI format 
                 Search Space 
                 corresponding to PDCCH 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Mode 1 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                 Mode 2 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 3 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2A 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Large delay CDD or Transmit 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 4 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 or Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 5 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1D 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Multi-user MIMO 
               
               
                 Mode 6 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1B 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 using a single transmission layer 
               
               
                 Mode 7 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna ports 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 is one, Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 is used, otherwise Transmit 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Single-antenna port, port 5 
               
               
                 Mode 8 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna ports 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 is one, Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 is used, otherwise Transmit 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 diversity 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2B 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Dual layer transmission, port 7 and 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 8 or single-antenna port, port 7 or 8 
               
               
                 Mode 9 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Non- Multicast-Broadcast Single 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Frequency Network (Non-MBSFN) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 subframe: If the number of PBCH 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 antenna ports is one, Single- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 antenna port, port 0 is used, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 MBSFN subframe: Single-antenna 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 port, port 7 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2C 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Up to 8 layer transmission, ports 7-14 
               
               
                 Mode 10 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Non-MBSFN subframe: If the number 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 of PBCH antenna ports is one, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 is used, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 MBSFN subframe: Single-antenna 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 port, port 7 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2D 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Up to 8 layer transmission, ports 7-14 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 or single-antenna port, port 7 or 8 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 EPDCCH and PDSCH configured by Cell Radio 
               
               
                 Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Transmission 
                   
                   
                 Transmission scheme of PDSCH 
               
               
                 mode 
                 DCI format 
                 Search Space 
                 corresponding to EPDCCH 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Mode 1 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                 Mode 2 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 3 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2A 
                 UE specific 
                 Large delay CDD or Transmit 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 4 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2 
                 UE specific 
                 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 or Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 5 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1D 
                 UE specific 
                 Multi-user MIMO 
               
               
                 Mode 6 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1B 
                 UE specific 
                 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 using a single transmission layer 
               
               
                 Mode 7 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna ports 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 is one, Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 is used, otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 5 
               
               
                 Mode 8 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna ports 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 is one, Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 is used, otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2B 
                 UE specific 
                 Dual layer transmission, port 7 and 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 8 or single-antenna port, port 7 or 8 
               
               
                 Mode 9 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Non-MBSFN subframe: If the number 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 of PBCH antenna ports is one, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 is used 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (see subclause 7.1.1), otherwise 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 MBSFN subframe: Single-antenna 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 port, port 7 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2C 
                 UE specific 
                 Up to 8 layer transmission, ports 7-14 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 or single-antenna port, port 7 or 8 
               
               
                 Mode 10 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Non-MBSFN subframe: If the number 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 of PBCH antenna ports is one, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 is used, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 MBSFN subframe: Single-antenna 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 port, port 7 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2D 
                 UE specific 
                 Up to 8 layer transmission, ports 7-14 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 or single-antenna port, port 7 or 8 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 PDCCH and PDSCH configured by Semi-Persistent 
               
               
                 Scheduling Cell RNTI (SPS-C-RNTI) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Transmission 
                   
                   
                 Transmission scheme of PDSCH 
               
               
                 mode 
                 DCI format 
                 Search Space 
                 corresponding to PDCCH 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Mode 1 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                 Mode 2 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 3 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2A 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 4 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 5 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                 Mode 6 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                 Mode 7 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Single-antenna port, port 5 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Single-antenna port, port 5 
               
               
                 Mode 8 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2B 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 or 8 
               
               
                 Mode 9 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2C 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 or 8 
               
               
                 Mode 10 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2D 
                 UE specific by C-RNTI 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 or 8 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 PDCCH and PDSCH configured by Semi-Persistent 
               
               
                 Scheduling Cell RNTI (SPS-C-RNTI) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Transmission 
                   
                   
                 Transmission scheme of PDSCH 
               
               
                 mode 
                 DCI format 
                 Search Space 
                 corresponding to EPDCCH 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Mode 1 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                 Mode 2 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 3 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2A 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 4 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 5 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 6 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                 Mode 7 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 5 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 5 
               
               
                 Mode 8 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2B 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 or 8 
               
               
                 Mode 9 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2C 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 or 8 
               
               
                 Mode 10 
                 DCI format 1A 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 2D 
                 UE specific 
                 Single-antenna port, port 7 or 8 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 PDCCH and PDSCH configured by Temporary C-RNTI 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Search 
                 Transmission scheme of PDSCH 
               
               
                 DCI format 
                 Space 
                 corresponding to PDCCH 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DCI format 1A 
                 Common and 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna port is 
               
               
                   
                 UE specific 
                 one, Single-antenna port, port 0 is used, 
               
               
                   
                 by Temporary 
                 otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 C-RNTI 
               
               
                 DCI format 1 
                 UE specific 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna port is 
               
               
                   
                 by Temporary 
                 one, Single-antenna port, port 0 is used, 
               
               
                   
                 C-RNTI 
                 otherwise Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For LTE Rel-10, in the channel state information (CSI) reference resource, UE  116  derives one or more of: the channel quality indicator (CQI) index, precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and rank indicator (RI) based on the following: 
     1) The first three Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols are occupied by control signaling; 
     2) No resource elements used by primary or secondary synchronization signals or PBCH; 
     3) Cyclic Prefix (CP) length of the non-MBSFN subframes. 
     4) Redundancy Version 0; 
     5) If CSI-RS is used for channel measurements (which may be always the case), the ratio of PDSCH Energy per Resource Element (EPRE) to CSI-RS EPRE is as given in Section 7.2.5; and 
     6) For transmission mode 9 CSI reporting: CRS REs are as in non-MBSFN subframes; if the UE is configured for PMI/RI reporting, the UE-specific reference signal overhead is consistent with the most recent reported rank; and PDSCH signals on antenna ports {7 . . . 6+υ} υ for layers would result in signals equivalent to corresponding symbols transmitted on antenna ports {15 . . . 14+P}, as provided by Equation 1: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       [ 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 y 
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   15 
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                                
                               
                                 ( 
                                 i 
                                 ) 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             ⋮ 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 y 
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     14 
                                     + 
                                     P 
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                                
                               
                                 ( 
                                 i 
                                 ) 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       ] 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         W 
                          
                         
                           ( 
                           i 
                           ) 
                         
                       
                        
                       
                         [ 
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   x 
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     0 
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                                  
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   i 
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               ⋮ 
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   x 
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     
                                       υ 
                                       - 
                                       1 
                                     
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                                  
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   i 
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         ] 
                       
                     
                   
                   , 
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   1 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     where x(i)=[x (0) (i . . . x (υ-1) (i)] T  is a vector of symbols from the layer mapping in section 6.3.3.2 of REF3, Pε{1,2,4,8} is the number of CSI-RS ports configured, and if only one CSI-RS port is configured, W(i) is 1, otherwise W(i) is the precoding matrix corresponding to the reported PMI applicable to 0); the corresponding PDSCH signals transmitted on antenna ports {15 . . . 14+P} would have a ratio of EPRE to CSI-RS EPRE equal to the ratio given in section 7.2.5. In certain embodiments, no REs allocated for CSI-RS and zero-power CSI-RS. In certain embodiments, no REs allocated for PRS. The PDSCH transmission scheme given by Table 8 depending on the transmission mode currently configured for the UE (which may be the default mode). If CRS is used for channel measurements, the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to cell-specific RS EPRE is as given in Section 5.2 with the exception of ρ A , which is assumed to be ρ A =P A +Δ offset +10 log 10  (2) [dB] for any modulation scheme. If UE  116  is configured with transmission mode-2 with four cell-specific antenna ports, or transmission mode-3 with four cell-specific antenna ports and the associated RI is equal to one. If CRS is used for channel measurements, the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to cell-specific RS EPRE is as given in Section 5.2, with the exception of ρ A , which is assumed to ρ A =P A +Δ offset  [dB] for any modulation scheme and any number of layers, otherwise. The shift Δ offset  is given by the parameter nomPDSCH-RS-EPRE-Offset, which is configured by higher-layer signaling. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 PDSCH transmission scheme assumed for CSI reference resource 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Transmis- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 sion mode 
                 Transmission scheme of PDSCH 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 Single-antenna port, port 0 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 Transmit diversity 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 Transmit diversity if the associated rank 
               
               
                   
                   
                 indicator is 1, otherwise large delay CDD 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 Multi-user MIMO 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing with a single 
               
               
                   
                   
                 transmission layer 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 If the number of PBCH antenna ports is one, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Single-antenna port, port 0; otherwise Transmit 
               
               
                   
                   
                 diversity 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 If the UE is configured without PMI/RI reporting: 
               
               
                   
                   
                 if the number of PBCH antenna ports is one, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 single-antenna port, port 0; otherwise transmit 
               
               
                   
                   
                 diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 If the UE is configured with PMI/RI reporting: 
               
               
                   
                   
                 closed-loop spatial multiplexing 
               
               
                   
                 9 
                 If the UE is configured without PMI/RI reporting: 
               
               
                   
                   
                 if the number of PBCH antenna ports is one, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 single-antenna port, port 0; otherwise transmit 
               
               
                   
                   
                 diversity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 If the UE is configured with PMI/RI reporting: if 
               
               
                   
                   
                 the number of CSI-RS ports is one, single-antenna 
               
               
                   
                   
                 port, port 7; otherwise up to 8 layer 
               
               
                   
                   
                 transmission, ports 7-14 (see subclause 7.1.5B) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For more accurate CSI derivation by UE  116 , the physical signal structure of the extension carrier may need to be taken into account when considering the appropriate UE assumptions about the CSI reference resource when deriving the CSI feedback. 
     Section 9.2.4 of TS36.331 defines that the default transmission mode is either transmission mode-1 (TM1) or transmission mode-2 (TM2) conditioned on the number of PBCH antenna ports: If the number of PBCH antenna ports is one, TM1 is used as default; otherwise TM2 is used as default. However, the default transmission mode for the extension carrier should not TM1 or TM2 as they rely on CRS for PDSCH demodulation. 
     Transmission Schemes 
       FIG. 4  illustrates EPDCCH and PDSCH configured by C-RNTI according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the EPDCCH and PDSCH  400  as configured by the C-RNTI shown in  FIG. 4  is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. A PDSCH transmission is scheduled by EPDCCH with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by C-RNTI. 
     Transmission modes (TM) that rely on CRS (port 0, 1, 2, 3) for PDSCH transmission and CSI feedback (namely TM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) cannot be used in the extension carrier because cell-specific reference signals (CRS) are not transmitted in the extension carrier. That is, the extension carrier is referred to as “non-backwards compatible” because the extension carrier is not capable of transmitting CRS, and as a result is also not capable of supporting transmission modes 1-7 of LTE Releases 8-10. 
     For transmission mode-8 (TM8), the transmission scheme of PDSCH uses DM-RS ports 7-8 when the PDCCH/EPDCCH uses DCI format  2 B. For transmission mode-9 (TM9), the transmission scheme of PDSCH uses DM-RS ports 7-14 when the PDCCH/EPDCCH uses DCI format 2C. For transmission mode-10 (TM10), the transmission scheme of PDSCH uses DM-RS ports 7-14 when the PDCCH/EPDCCH uses DCI format 2D. For DCI format 1A, the transmission scheme in Rel-10/11 can use CRS ports (see Table 5). In certain embodiments, if TM8, TM9 or TM10 are supported in the extension carrier, in order to support PDSCH transmission using DCI format 1A in the extension carrier, then for TM8, TM9 and TM10, a transmission scheme that uses DM-RS ports (namely, ports 7-8 for TM8; ports 7-14 for TM9 and TM10) is always used for PDSCH transmission using DCI format 1A, hereafter referred to as the “Basic DM-RS Transmission Scheme (TS).” In certain embodiments, the EPDCCH and PDSCH configured by C-RNTI extends to any transmission modes that are supported in the extension carrier. 
     In certain embodiments using DM-RS port 7, for PDSCH transmission scheduled using DCI format 1A, the applicable transmission scheme can be a first alternative of the Basic DM-RS TS (hereinafter “Basic DM-RS TS 1”). According to the Basic DM-RS TS 1, since a single antenna port transmission scheme using DM-RS port 7 is already defined in Rel-10, the first alternative of the Basic DM-RS TS option has the advantage that of not introducing a new transmission scheme. 
     An example of the single antenna port transmission scheme is precoding cycling for each resource blocks where the precoder applied on DM-RS port and on the data can be different in frequency for different resource blocks. For TM9/10, UE  116  does not assume physical resource block (PRB) bundling when receiving the PDSCH using the Basic DM-RS TS, regardless of whether PMI/RI feedback is configured. There is no support for PRB bundling for TM8. That is, in this example, if UE  116  is configured with TM9, the condition for UE  116  for PRB bundling is modified as follows: UE  116  assumes that precoding granularity is multiple resource blocks in the frequency domain: 
     when PMI/RI feedback is configured; and 
     if the transmission scheme is not Basic DM-RS TS 1, which can be implied by the type of DCI format used for PDSCH scheduling (for example, DCI format 1A implies that the transmission scheme is Basic DM-RS TS 1). 
     As another example, the single antenna port transmission scheme is precoding cycling for each resource element (RE). In this case, precoding is not applied on the DM-RS and is applied only on the data. The precoding applied to the data for every RE can be predefined and known at both eNB  102  and UE  116 . 
     In certain embodiments, a Transmit Diversity scheme uses multiple DM-RS ports, such as port 7 and port 8, as a second alternative of the Basic DM-RS TS (hereinafter “Basic DM-RS TS 2”). The Basic DM-RS TS 2 has the advantage that of providing better performance and transmission reliability than Basic DM-RS TS 1. Space Frequency Block Coding (SFBC) is an example of the DM-RS based transmit diversity scheme. 
     In certain embodiments, the Basic DM-RS TS is the transmission scheme used whenever “fallback transmission” is used in the extension carrier. “Fallback transmission” is generally needed to maintain connection between eNB  102  and UE  116  whenever there is a Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration of the TM where eNB  102  does not know the actual TM configured at UE  116 . In certain embodiments, fallback transmission is scheduled using DCI format 1A.  FIG. 4  shows that other DCI formats can be used in scheduling fallback transmission. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates Basic DM-RS TS configurable by higher layer signaling according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the Basic DM-RS TS  500  as configurable by the higher layer signaling shown in  FIG. 5  is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. 
     The Basic DM-RS transmission scheme (TS) is configurable to be a set value or as a value dependent upon higher layer signaling. Also, when a DM-RS based transmission scheme is used for Enhanced PDCCH (EPDCCH), the basic DM-RS TS used for the PDSCH is the same as that used for EPDCCH transmission. In certain embodiments, the Basic DM-RS TS is fixed or predefined as either Basic DM-RS TS 1 or as Basic DM-RS TS 2. 
     In certain embodiments, the Basic DM-RS TS is configured by higher layer signaling, such as by a Radio Resource Control (RRC). It is beneficial for the Basic DM-RS TS to be configured by higher layer signaling when the extension carrier is not a standalone carrier. That is, when the extension carrier is associated with another backward compatible carrier, the network configures UE  116  for the actual basic DM-RS TS to be used for the extension carrier. When higher layer signaling is set to a value of zero, the Basic DM-RS TS is the first alternative (Basic DM-RS TS 1), a single antenna port transmission scheme using DM-RS port 7. When higher layer signaling is set to a value of one, the Basic DM-RS TS is the second alternative (Basic DM-RS TS 2), a Transmit diversity scheme based on multiple DM-RS ports, such as port 7 and port 8. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates EPDCCH and PDSCH configured by SI-RNTI according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the table  600  for the EPDCCH and PDSCH configured by SI-RNTI shown in  FIG. 6  is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. 
     If EPDCCH with a CRC that is scrambled by the SI-RNTI (for scheduling System Information transmission) is used in the extension carrier, then a transmission scheme that does not require CRS ports is needed for the extension carrier. The table  600  for the basic DM-RS TS, shown in  FIG. 6 , is configured for the EPDCCH with a CRC scrambled by the SI-RNTI. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates EPDCCH and PDSCH configured by P-RNTI according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the EPDCCH and PDSCH configured by P-RNTI  700  shown in  FIG. 7  is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. 
     In certain embodiments, EPDCCH with CRC scrambled by the P-RNTI (for Paging) is used in the extension carrier, then a transmission scheme that does not require CRS ports are needed for the extension carrier. The basic DM-RS TS  705  is configured for the EPDCCH with a CRC scrambled by the P-RNTI. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates EPDCCH and PDSCH configured by RA-RNTI according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the table  800  for the EPDCCH and PDSCH configured by RA-RNTI shown in  FIG. 8  is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. 
     In certain embodiments, an EPDCCH with CRC is scrambled by the RA-RNTI (for random access message 2) is used in the extension carrier. A transmission scheme that does not require CRS ports is needed for the extension carrier. The table  800  in  FIG. 8  shows the basic DM-RS TS configured for the EPDCCH with CRC scrambled by the RA-RNTI. 
     In certain embodiments, EPDCCH with CRC is scrambled by the SPS-RNTI (for semi-persistent scheduling) is used in the extension carrier, then a transmission scheme that does not require CRS ports also is needed for the extension carrier. 
     Default Transmission Mode 
     In LTE Rel-10, TS36.331 specifies that if the number of PBCH antenna ports is one, then TM1 is used as default; otherwise TM2 is used as default. For the extension carrier, there are at least four alternatives for the default transmission mode: TM8 is the first alternative default TM; TM9 is the second alternative default TM; TM10 is the third alternative default TM; and new TM e.g. based on TM10 (denoted as TM10A) is the fourth alternative default TM. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates the default transmission mode configurable to be dependent upon higher layer signaling according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the default transmission mode  900  shown in  FIG. 9  is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. 
     In certain embodiments, the default transmission mode depends upon higher layer signaling such that a value of a higher layer signal determines the transmission mode (TM) to be used as the default. In certain embodiments, the network configures the default TM via higher layer signaling, such as a Radio Resource Control (RRC). As a benefit, if the extension carrier is not a standalone extension carrier (that is, a standalone extension carrier is associated with another backward compatible carrier), the network configures UE  116  with the default transmission mode to be used in the extension carrier. 
     In certain embodiments, the default transmission mode is configurable to be set to a fixed or predefined transmission mode. For example, the default transmission mode can be set to be TM9, wherein TM9 is a preferred default over TM10, which requires smaller DCI payload for the normal TS. 
     Downlink Power Allocation 
     For the extension carrier of TM8, UE  116  assumes that the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to UE-specific RS EPRE is zero (0) dB. For the extension carrier of TM9/10, UE  116  assumes that the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to UE-specific RS EPRE is 0 dB for a number N of transmission layers and −3 dB otherwise, wherein N is less than or equal to two. 
     For all transmission modes supported in the extension carrier, when the transmission mode supports only single layer and two layer transmissions, UE  116  assumes that the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to UE-specific RS EPRE is 0 dB. For all transmission modes supported in the extension carrier, when the transmission mode supports more than two layer transmission, UE  116  assumes that the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to UE-specific RS EPRE is 0 dB for N (i.e., N is less than or equal to two) transmission layers, and assumes that the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to UE-specific RS EPRE is −3 dB otherwise. 
     CSI Derivation Assumptions 
     In LTE Rel-8, Rel-9, Rel-10 and Rel-11, when deriving the channel quality indicator (CQI) index, UE  116  makes assumptions for the channel state indicator (CSI) resource. UE  116  assumes that the first three OFDM symbols are occupied by control signaling. UE  116  assumes that if CSI-RS is used for channel measurements, then the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to CSI-RS EPRE is as given in Section 7.2.5 of TS36.213. Additionally, UE  116  assumes that for TM9/10 CSI reporting, CRS Resource Elements (REs) are as in Non-Multicast-Broadcast Single Frequency Network (Non-MBSFN) subframes. 
     UE  116  performs a more accurate CQI derivation for the extension carrier than in LTE Rel-8, Rel-9, Rel-10, and Rel-11. In order to make the more accurate CQI derivation for the extension carrier, UE  116  makes the following assumptions for the CSI reference resource. 
     UE  116  assumes: 
     1) That zero OFDM symbols are occupied by control signaling because PDCCH is not transmitted in the extension carrier; 
     2) That no resource elements are used by primary or secondary synchronization signals or by PBCH; 
     3) A cyclic prefix (CP) length of the non-MBSFN subframes; 
     4) A Redundancy Version 0; 
     5) That if CSI-RS is used for channel measurements, the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to CSI-RS EPRE is given by P c . P c  is the assumed ratio of PDSCH Energy per Resource Element (EPRE) to CSI-RS EPRE when the UE derives CSI feedback and takes values in the range of [−8, 15] dB with 1 dB step size, for all the OFDM symbols in the subframe; 
     6) For CSI reporting, if TM8 is supported, that no CRS REs are in the CSI reference resource because no CRS exists in the extension carrier; 
     7) Also for CSI reporting, if transmission mode 9/10 is supported, that no CRS REs is in the CSI reference resource because no CRS exist in the extension carrier. 
     In certain embodiments, when UE  116  is configured for PMI/RI reporting, UE  116  is configured to assume that the UE-specific reference signal overhead is consistent with the most recent reported rank. UE  116  assumes that PDSCH signals on antenna ports {7 . . . 6+v} for v layers would result in signals equivalent to corresponding symbols transmitted on antenna ports {15 . . . 14+P}, as given by the system of equations including Equation 2 and Equation 3: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     In Equation 3, x(i) is a vector of symbols from the layer mapping in section 6.3.3.2 of TS 36.211, Pε{1,2,4,8} is the number of CSI-RS ports configured, and if only one CSI-RS port is configured, W(i) is 1, otherwise W(i) is the precoding matrix corresponding to the reported PMI applicable to x(i). The corresponding PDSCH signals transmitted on antenna ports{15 . . . 14+P} would have a ratio of EPRE to CSI-RS EPRE equal to the ratio given in section 7.2.5 of TS 36.211. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates the assumptions of a UE that supports extension carrier regarding the PDSCH transmission scheme assumed for CSI reference resource for TM8, TM9, TM10 or TM10A according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the PDSCH transmission scheme assumed for CSI reference resource  1000  shown in  FIG. 10  is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. 
     In certain embodiments, the basic DM-RS TS for CSI feedback is fixed and predefined, such as a single antenna port transmission scheme using DM RS port 7, or a Transmit diversity scheme based on multiple DM-RS ports (for example, port 7 and port 8). 
       FIG. 11  illustrates the Basic DM-RS TS for CSI feedback configurable by higher layer signaling according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the table  1100  for the Basic DM-RS TS for CSI feedback configurable by higher layer shown in  FIG. 11  is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In certain embodiments, the basic DM-RS TS for CSI-feedback is configured to be determined based on a higher layer signaling. UE  116  can receive a dedicated message from eNB  102  configuring basic DM-RS TS for CSI-feedback. In certain embodiments, eNB  102  includes an indicator of the basic DM-RS TS for CSI-feedback configuration as part of another message. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates the Basic DM-RS TS for CSI feedback configured the same as that used for PDSCH demodulation according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the table  1200  for the Basic DM-RS TS for CSI feedback shown in  FIG. 12  is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In certain embodiments, the basic DM-RS TS for CSI-feedback is the same as the basic DM-RS TS configured or defined for PDSCH demodulation as described in  FIGS. 4-5 . UE  116  is configured to determine the basic DM-RS TS for CSI-feedback configuration based on the PDSCH demodulation. 
     When the Basic DM-RS TS for CSI feedback is Basic DM-RS TS 1 (i.e., the single-antenna port transmission scheme using DM-RS port 7), the CSI is derived as if only one CSI-RS port is configured, relying only on antenna port 15. That is, PDSCH signals on antenna ports {7} for 1 layer would result in signals equivalent to corresponding symbols transmitted on antenna ports {15}, as given by y (15) (i)=x (0) (i), where x (0) (i) is a symbol from the layer mapping in section 6.3.3.2 of TS 36.211. 
     When the basic DM-RS TS for CSI feedback is Basic DM-RS TS 2 (i.e., the transmit diversity transmission scheme using DM-RS ports 7 and 8), the CSI is derived under the following two assumptions: channels estimated on CSI-RS port 15 are the same as channels estimated on DM-RS port 7; and channels estimated on CSI-RS port 16 are the same as channels estimated on DM-RS port 8. More particularly, PDSCH signals on antenna ports {7,8} for two layers would result in signals equivalent to corresponding symbols transmitted on antenna ports {15,16}, as given by the system of equations Equation 4 and 5: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     In Equation 5, x(i) is a vector of symbols from the layer mapping in section 6.3.3.3 of TS 36.211. Although illustrated as examples, embodiments according to  FIGS. 10-12  are applicable to other TMs supported in the extension carrier. 
     Carrier Type Dependency 
     In certain embodiments, UE  116  implicitly configures, based on the carrier type, the default transmission mode that UE  116  should use for a carrier. In certain embodiments, UE  116  implicitly configures, based on the carrier type, one or more of: the basic DM-RS TS for PDSCH demodulation for a transmission mode; the downlink power allocation assumption; the basic DM-RS TS for CSI feedback (hereafter referred to as “the Basic PDSCH Demodulation method”). 
     Accordingly, UE  116  is configured to use the following basic DM-RS TS depending on the type of the component carrier. If the carrier type is a first carrier type, UE  115  uses a first basic PDSCH demodulation method (also referred to as a first default transmission mode). If the carrier type is a second carrier type, UE  116  uses a second basic PDSCH demodulation method (also referred to as a second default transmission mode). In certain embodiments, the first and the second carrier types are Rel-8 compatible carrier type and the new carrier type (e.g., of Rel-12). In certain embodiments, the first and the second PDSCH demodulation methods are the Rel-10/11 PDSCH demodulation method and a new PDSCH demodulation method. Examples of the new PDSCH demodulation method can be found in respective embodiments of TRANSMISSION SCHEMES, DOWNLINK POWER ALLOCATION, or CSI DERIVATION ASSUMPTIONS disclosed herein above with respect to  FIGS. 4-12 . 
     The carrier type of the component carrier can be communicated to UE  116  by UE-specific signaling in the RRC layer, or by a broadcast signaling. When UE  116  is configured as a secondary cell, an RRC configuration configuring the secondary cell can include an information field indicating the carrier type. For example, when the information field is 1, the secondary cell is the first carrier type; when the information field is 0, the secondary cell is the second carrier type. 
     DRS Based Transmission Schemes 
     If the cell-specific reference signals (CRS) exist in a physical resource block (PRB) (for example, for the purpose of time and frequency tracking), UE  116  is configured to receive PDSCH in the PRB using the CRS for channel estimation. If the cell-specific reference signals are configured in a PRB, UE  116  receives PDSCH in the PRB using the CRS for channel estimation. That is, the PDSCH transmission scheme is based on CRS (for example, single antenna port 0, or single antenna ports 0 and 1) where a transmit diversity scheme such as SFBC can be used. 
     In certain embodiments, a CRS based transmission scheme also is used in resource blocks where DM-RS may collide with other essential physical signals such as PSS/SSS. For example, in the middle 6 RBs of a subframe, a collision may occur in subframes 0 and 5 of a radio frame. 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a mapping of UE-specific reference signals, antenna ports 7 and 8 for an extended cyclic prefix according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the mapping of UE-specific reference signals  1300  shown in  FIG. 13  is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. 
     In certain embodiments, the mapping of UE-specific reference signals  1300  is used for the Basic DM-RS TS. In the example shown in  FIG. 13 , the UE-specific reference signals  1300  are allocated to antenna port 7  1305  and antenna port 8  1310 . However, as other mapping and different ports can be used in accordance with the present disclosure. A PRE pair is composed of two time slots, slot 0  1315  and slot 1  1320 , and each slot comprises six (6) OFDM symbols in extended-CP subframes. The UE-specific reference signals (UE-RS) resource element (RE) locations are denoted with a “R x ” indicating the RE allocated. 
     Although the present disclosure has been described with an exemplary embodiment, various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art. It is intended that the present disclosure encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.