Patent Publication Number: US-10786424-B1

Title: Expert associations-based treatment system for reducing tissue damage from reperfusion injury

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims benefit of priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 62/536,629 filed Jul. 25, 2017, which is hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as though fully replicated herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     The presently disclosed instrumentalities relate to physical therapy and, more particularly, systems utilizing occlusion to reduce tissue damage from reperfusion injury (“RI”). 
     Description of the Related Art 
     RI constitutes inflammatory and oxidative tissue damage caused by a re-supply of blood after a sustained period of ischemia. The absence of oxygen and nutrients from blood during the ischemic period creates a condition in which the restoration of circulation results in inflammation and oxidative tissue damage through the induction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) rather than restoration of normal function.  FIG. 2  shows a sequence of events or steps that occur in RI regardless of tissue type. Ischemia,  201 , leads to cellular events, specifically the decrease in intracellular pH,  202 . When tissue is reperfused by blood carrying oxygen,  204 , this creates ROS  203 , also known as free radicals, which result in direct cellular damage,  206  together with induction of an inflammatory cascade via the mitochondria  208 ,  209 . Eventually, the cascade results cellular death by apoptosis  210 . 
       FIG. 5  is reproduced from Knight, K. L. (1995). Cryotherapy in sports injury management. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics.  FIG. 5  shows the damage to surrounding healthy tissue from ischemia as secondary hypoxic injury  509 . A primary trauma  501  directly damages tissues. In response to this primary injury, blood vessels,  502 , muscles and connective tissues,  503 , and nerves,  504 , are secondarily affected, resulting in hemostasis of the clotting cascade  507 , increased blood viscosity  512 , from the inflammatory response,  511 , edema  513 , pain  514 , and spasm  515  from hematoma formation  510 . These problems all result in decreased delivery of oxygen and blood flow, i.e., ischemia, in the vicinity of the primary injury  508 . Ischemia in surrounding healthy tissue resulting from these events may trigger the same pathway shown in  FIG. 2  and may also cause eventual death of healthy tissues due to the presence of ROS. 
     Reperfusion injury may be characterized as an ischemic reperfusion cycle or I/R cycle. Counterintuitively, it has been medically proven that providing brief transient bouts of occlusion (or ischemia, which are used interchangeably) may reduce damage from RI to organs and other types of tissue. This type of treatment is known in the art as Ischemic Conditioning (IC). Cryotherapy studies have also proven the beneficial effects of the use of ice on acute injuries. Ice is a vasoconstrictor that helps reduce blood flow to a specific injury site and helps moderate swelling and other pro-inflammatory effects. As one can imagine that occlusion is a method of providing “internal ice”, and occluding blood vessels as an intervention is justified in the treatment of acute and soft tissue musculoskeletal injuries. 
     Currently the field of medicine has known about the beneficial effects of occlusion in treating reperfusion injury (RI) in organs for the past 75 years. In the past 30 years, more research has been shedding light on the innate healing mechanism that is triggered in mammals from ischemic conditioning. Studies have demonstrated there is a benefit to conditioning tissue by use of brief transient bouts of occlusion at different points in time in relationship to the ischemic injury itself (Murry et al. (1986), Pryzyklenk et al. (1993), Wei et al. (2011), Zhao et al. (2012), Kocman et al. (2015)). As demonstrated in  FIG. 3 , if the intervention is applied prior to the ischemia, this is called Pre-Conditioning (Pre-C),  301 , which is a form of prevention. If the intervention is applied during the injury, this is called Per-Conditioning (Per-C),  302 , which treats acute injury. Finally, if the intervention is applied after the injury, this is called Post-Conditioning (Post-C),  303 , and treats subacute and chronic injuries. 
     Although occlusion therapy has been investigated and rests on established scientific principles, the art has not advanced very far beyond the investigatory stage despite the passage of years. The art has not recognized, nor has it solved, the following problems within the field of ischemic conditioning:
         Currently, there is no full body manual technique that exists to treat sport and musculoskeletal soft tissue reperfusion injuries using occlusion and ischemic conditioning as its basis.   There has been very little innovation with respect to how ischemia is provided as the intervention in ischemic conditioning. Conventional medicine has used sphygmomanometers or pressure cuffs, and clamps to occlude major blood vessels such as the femoral artery and brachial artery, in ischemic conditioning models. However, the use of the sphygmomanometer or clamps as a tourniquet risks damage to both arterial and neural tissues and has side effects. There is no other technique that uses manual pressure to simulate the ischemic effect.   Currently, there is no semi-occlusive method being utilized despite evidence that demonstrates a reduction of tissue damage from RI.   Currently, there is no technique that utilizes an additional ischemic effect on the vascular supply to neural structures.       

     SUMMARY 
     The presently disclosed instrumentalities overcome the problems outlined above and advance the art by providing a system that facilitates occlusion in treating reperfusion injury throughout the body. This is done by use of a hierarchically organized system that serves as a taxonomic guide for training and clinical reference that facilitates various clinical modalities as physical therapy techniques for the treatment and mitigation of reperfusion injuries. The system may be implemented, for example, as content that is organized and made searchable using a computer. Using occlusion or ischemia, the system aims to reduce damage to musculoskeletal tissue using a hands-on technique that is guided by an expert system of rules or associations, rather than tourniquets or clamps. 
     According to none embodiment, the system may be used to guide practitioners in prevention and treatment of patients afflicted by musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries due to reperfusion injury. A database contains images of taxonomically classified hand placements for treatment of reperfusion injury at one or more structures of interest in a human body. The database also contains descriptive information categorizing use of the hand placement as shown in the images into a framework including how to perform component actions of the treatment. These components may include: (1) touching (T) the one or more structures of interest to attract blood flow; (2) activating (A) occlusive treatment by creating a semi-occlusive manual tourniquet at an artery that supplies blood to the one or more structures of interest; (3) ascertaining effectiveness of the semi-occlusive manual tourniquet by determining a shift in volume and/or rate of a pulse (P) at the hand placement; and (4) stretching a portion of the human body to occlude blood flow to a nerve (N) segment of the human body by elongation of the nerve segment. The database also contains a system of data associations established by the application of expert guidance that facilitates reporting and selection of the taxonomically classified images and the descriptive information. A processor is equipped with program logic for a diagnostic query engine utilizing user input to access the system of expert rules or associations as an aid used in reporting to select and organize the images and the descriptive information in a report that demonstrates a modality of treating reperfusion injury at the structures of interest. A graphical user interface is configured to present the report for use in performing the modality of treatment. 
     In one aspect, the images of the report produced by the system may show the neural stretching component of the treatment being performed sequentially after activation of the artery called the separated approach. Alternatively, the images may show the neural stretching component of the treatment being performed simultaneously in a combined approach that conducts the stretch at the same time as activation of the treatment. 
     In one aspect, the images show the stretch occurring locally to stretch the nerve locally by movement of the nerve as elongated by movement of the body under the activating hand placement. The images may also show the stretch occurring centrally to further elongate the nerve by motion that is not occurring proximate the hand placement. 
     In one aspect, the images are taxonomically classified by use of a three-element code corresponding to Systems as divisions of the human body, Segments as divisions of a particular System, and Structures forming the structures of interest in the human body. The codes may be, for example, numeric or alphanumeric. A structure is a part of the human body that is susceptible to reperfusion injury. Structures may include, without limitation, muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, fibrous tissues, connective tissue, fat synovial membrane, bone, nerves, blood vessels, glands, ducts and/or organs. 
     In one aspect, the descriptive information of the database may provide origins, insertions, blood supply and innervation of the proposed treatment in order to facilitate proper hand placement. 
     In one aspect, the hand placement may be a single activation utilizing one hand for activation. Alternatively, the hand placement may be a double activation utilizing two hands for activation. 
     In various aspects, the specific treatments may include, for example, those addressing a groin pull, pectoral strain, neck pain, lower back pain, or a sacral sprain. 
     In one aspect, the images of the report may include a combination of hand placements shown on medical illustrations and photographs demonstrating the modality in application. 
     In one aspect, the program logic may be user-selectively configurable for operation in a state selected from the group consisting of treating patients and training practitioners. The program logic may also include modules for subscription access management, and for patient monitoring across multiple therapy sessions to provide patient monitoring data. The system of expert rules or associations may access the patient monitoring data to assist selection of one or more additional treatment modalities in a follow-on treatment session. The associations may be established, for example, in a lookup table of as an element in a database relating a Segment or Structure of the human body to information that provides guidance in implementing a modality of treating or preventing RI in the Segment or Structure. The information may include, for example, anatomical diagrams, drawings, images, photographs and descriptive information demonstrating proper hand placement and hand motion for the occlusive technique. 
     The aforementioned system is useful in facilitating treatments of a human body including component aspects of touch, activation, pulse and nerve stretch performed according to a report produced by the system. The method includes: (1) touching (T) one or more structures of interest in the human body to thereby attract blood flow; (2) activating (A) or occluding treatment by creating a semi-occlusive manual tourniquet at an artery that supplies blood to the one or more structures of interest; (3) ascertaining effectiveness of the semi-occlusive manual tourniquet by determining a shift in volume and/or rate of a pulse (P) at the hand placement; and (4) stretching a portion of the human body to occlude blood flow to a nerve segment of the human body by elongation of the nerve segment locally and/or centrally. 
     In treating ischemic injury, tissue structure and function may be preserved by 30-60% if ischemic conditioning is applied during injury in a variety of organs and tissue such as the heart, brain, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, GI tract and musculoskeletal tissue. Studies are demonstrating many more tissue types that may benefit from this type of intervention. The system may be applied in all three scenarios of musculoskeletal injury (Pre-C, Per-C, and Post-C), as RI is occurring in basic soft tissue trauma due to the resulting ischemia in surrounding healthy tissues as indicated in the secondary injury model. In fact, tendinopathies, sprains and osteoarthritis are all implicating RI as a part of the pathogenesis of these conditions (Farrell et al (1993), Toumi et al (2003), Bestwick et al. (2004), Findlay et al. (2007)). 
     Using current research, the presently disclosed system utilizes an expert system of rules or associations for directing non-surgical semi-occlusive manual manipulation at specific arterial sites throughout the body followed by a neurovascular stretch to further occlude the blood vessels surrounding the nerves to a specific segment or structure of the body as a novel method of ischemic conditioning. The treatment is facilitated by the use of data that is reported from a database that is taxonomically organized to associate Segments or Structures of the human body with instructions or other data that is useful for RI treatment. In one aspect, the reports form an anatomical guide that facilitates ischemic conditioning to treat RI by in phases that may be summarized by the acronym TAPN for Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch. A generic TAPN framework may be adapted to train and/or assist practitioners in implementing particular treatment modalities for ischemic injury treatment for a any specific Segment or Structure of the body. 
     It will be appreciated that applications of the TAPN framework described herein are not strictly limited to uses on the human body because the presently disclosed instrumentalities may be adapted for treatment of non-human animals as well. 
     Again, TAPN stands for Touch, Activation, Pulse and Neurovascular Stretch. There are 2 highlighted phases that focus on ischemic conditioning which are the Activation, or first occlusive event, and Neurovascular Stretch, or second occlusive event. The Touch phase focuses on enhancing the effect of the activation. The Pulse phase lets a practitioner know when the activation is stopping or has stopped and when the neurovascular stretch may begin. As such, the Touch and Pulse phases are preferably but optionally performed because the Activation and Neurovascular stretch phases are more directly responsible for the treatment of RI. The Touch phase enhances the Activation phase by bringing blood flow to the area and better locating the hand placement. The Pulse phase enhances the Activation phase by determining when the Activation is near completion or complete so that the N phase or second occlusive event can occur. Also, these phases do not necessarily need to be performed in a sequential manner. It is possible, for example, to perform the Activation phase simultaneously with the Neuro stretch, or at least with some substantial overlap. 
     There are two types of ischemic conditioning: local or remote. Depending on the location of the intervention in relation to the target organ, ischemic conditioning may be applied directly on the target Structure or remote to the target Structure as the technique has a systemic effect. For example, remote ischemic conditioning has been demonstrated where brief and transient bouts of occlusion at an artery in the skeletal system, such as the femoral artery, have shown to reduce reperfusion damage in distant organs, such as the heart and brain. Thus, ischemic conditioning can attenuate tissue damage at the site of the applied occlusion and it can also preserve remote tissues throughout the rest of the body. The system may be used as both a local and remote model. 
     Using the TAPN framework, the modalities facilitated by the system may be stated as a semi-occlusive Pre-C, Per-C and Post-C model that may be applied locally or remotely after a soft tissue musculoskeletal injury takes place or as a form of prevention. 
     According to one embodiment the system overcomes the aforementioned problems by providing an expert system to apply a manual semi-occlusive vascular technique throughout the body as a method of ischemic conditioning. Clinical experience has shown that the technique is effective at both locally and remotely preventing (Pre-C) musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries and treating them in acute (Per-C), and sub-acute and chronic (Post-C) situations. It is a full body technique, as arteries anywhere in the body can elicit the same healing effect and may benefit from the application of “internal ice” to treat injury. Using a semi-occlusive manual pressure at the nearest proximal vascular site to a Structure or group of Structures and additionally applying an occlusion at the neural structure using a neurovascular stretch in the same structure or group of Structures, can create sufficient ischemia in a region of the body without having to directly obstruct the artery or the nerve itself. This makes an improved alternative to using a blood pressure cuff or clamp. 
     In one aspect, the system utilizes a framework as an outline for the methodology to apply the technique called TAPN. These phases provide an easy way to train practitioners to remember the sequencing of events to perform the technique. 
     In one aspect, the system utilizes an anatomical coding system to identify different Structures in the body that need to be treated using semi-occlusion. The system denotes each musculoskeletal Structure in the body with a numerical code which is called the taxonomy number. Each region of the body is defined as a System (a). Each region of the body is then divided into Segments (b). Each Segment of the body is divided into specific soft tissue Structures which can include muscles, ligaments, tendons, organs and bones (c). Thus, each Structure is given the taxonomy code a.b.c. Here is a list of the Systems in the body:
         System 1: Lower Extremity   System 2: Upper Extremity   System 3: Spine and Thorax   System 4: Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck   System 5: Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral       

     By way of example, the Vastus Medialis (a quadriceps muscle) is found in the anterior thigh of the lower extremity. Thus, it is found in System 1, Segment 1 (Femoral) and is listed as the 5 th  Structure of the thigh. The taxonomy code is, accordingly, 1.1.5 which stands for Femoral: Vastus Medialis. Structures are intentionally ordered in a way that they are found right next to each other and have direct fascial connections. Thus, a logical Structure after Vastus Medialis would be the patellar ligament which is denoted by 1.1.6 Femoral: Patellar Ligament. Another example is Pectoralis Major which has a taxonomy code of 2.1.1 Pectoral: Pectoralis Major. 
     Another element to taxonomy codes as taught herein is the segue Structure. As some Structures connect from one System to the next, segue Structures are identified using the following image: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The S indicates that it is a segue Structure, while the x and y will indicate which System it connects to (see  FIG. 8 ). Not all Structures are segue structures. Only the structures that connect 2 different Systems are labelled as segue Structures. 
     The T portion of the Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework, indicates the “touch” or palpation of a Structure or group of Structures within a Segment and System of the body that may be treated using the presently disclosed system. In the T portion, a medical practitioner will touch the Structure(s) of interest in a particular Segment of the body as to attract blood flow to it. There is no specific requirement for this phase apart from contacting the tissue(s) of interest with a form of touch in order to create blood flow or erythema to the area of interest. 
     The A portion of the Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework, indicates the “Activation” or occlusion of the nearest proximal blood vessel that supplies the Structure(s) or Segment of interest. This is termed the first occlusive event and requires specific hand placement on what are known as activation points. The point of this phase is to create the semi-occlusive manual tourniquet around the common proximal arterial supply of the Segment of interest. An activation point, which is the common proximal arterial point that supplies a Segment of the body, is where the first hand is placed called HP1 or Hand Placement 1. This is the hand that is often the proximal hand and is performing the technique using a contact point to create the semi-occlusion manual tourniquet around the common arterial supply of a Segment of the body for 30 seconds to 5 minutes. The method to achieve this requires palpation of the pulse of the common arterial supply of a Segment of the body. Once this is felt, the hand is placed next to the artery (not directly on it) in a perpendicular direction away from the artery as to bisects the artery. This is termed Compression X Glide=Tension at a 90° and has direction which is termed the Vector of Tension at 90°. The Vector of Tension at 90° describes the three-dimensional direction of HP1 at the activation point. It informs the practitioner about how to direct the hand placement in all 3 planes of motion (transverse, frontal and sagittal) to create the manual tourniquet necessary for partial ischemia. The notation for the vector is indicated in each TAPN table using the following notation:
 
Compression  X  Glide= Compression (Glide)=Vector of Tension at 90 degrees
 
     This relationship is not intended as a precise mathematical relationship. The relationship merely connotes that the amount of occlusion is provided by compressing at a pressure point and gliding this pressure point out at approximately 90° away from the general direction of elongation in a blood vessel or the axis of the blood vessel proximate the pressure point. Compression or glide may occur in either 1 or 2 planes, but never in 2 planes for compression and glide at the same time. If the glide is directed in 2 planes, then the compression will only be possible in 1 plane. Not all vectors will have all 3 planes involved. The compression plane(s) will always be underlined. The glide plane(s) will always be bracketed. This notation makes it easier for the practitioners to apply the vector more accurately. Additionally, to determine the amount of force used during the compression and glide or tension at 90° along the vector, a subjective scale can be used to help practitioners evaluate the strength of the force being applied as different activation points as certain points will call for different levels of strength to create the manual tourniquet. Level 1 indicates a light force, level 2 indicates a mild force, level 3 indicates a moderate force and level 4 indicates a firm force. 
     There is also a second hand placement called HP2 or Hand Placement 2. This is often the distal hand which palpates a pulse at an artery distal to the Structure(s) or Segment being treated and acts as a comparison to HP1. However, HP2 may also be involved in creating activation, and when this occurs, it is referred to as a double activation. As activation points move further away from the trunk, it becomes increasingly difficult to develop enough manual pressure to fight systemic pressure. It also becomes difficult to provide a true occlusive event as there are several anastamoses that reroute blood flow. The use of double activation (pressing on 2 different activation points simultaneously) helps address this problem. Thus, HP1 and HP2 act as 2 different activation/occlusion points during a double activation and require Vectors of Tension @ 90° on both. DA denotes Double Activation. 
     Certain activation points are terminal branches and do not have distal pulses to assess with HP2 nor do they have the potential for double activations. This is because the artery does not have a distal arterial point that is palpable. These are clearly labeled for each Structure and Segment and, thus, no HP2 is available. T denotes Terminal Branch. 
     The P portion of the Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework, known as the “Pulse” phase, indicates the effectiveness of the activation/first occlusive event and may be felt as a shift in volume and/or rate of a “pulse” at HP1 or HP1 and HP2 (in the case of a double activation). This phase resembles that of the sounds heard in a stethoscope during blood pressure cuff readings. Once the manual tourniquet is applied in the direction of the vector at a point adjacent to the common arterial supply of the Segment of interest, pulses may be felt under the contact points that are creating the Compression X Glide=90°. This is due to the contractile properties of the arteries. As the static pressure competes with systolic blood pressure, the artery will accommodate it&#39;s diameter and enlarge which allows blood to move past the manual tourniquet. The turbulence of fluid felt immediately distal to the contact point, is termed the distal turbulent pulses. This is what makes the technique semi-occlusive as it allows the artery to modify its diameter. 
     The N portion of the Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework, indicates the “Neurovascular” occlusion which involves occluding the vascular supply to the nerve by using stretch. Nerves, which are richly supplied with blood, require a great deal of blood to function normally. Intra-neural blood vessels are shaped like curls so that they can stay relaxed even while a degree of elongation takes place. When a nerve is stretched, the vessels straighten out until their slack is taken up, still permitting ongoing circulation. The protective feature of these curly-cues has its limits as strangulation can occur if a nerve is stretched beyond a certain point. At 8%, blood vessels that supply the nerve begin to get taken up. At 15% of nerve elongation, arterial, capillary and venous flow is completely occluded. Normal flow will resume once the load is removed and as long as the stretch remains under 15%. 
     There are 2 ways in which the neural stretch is achieved. A local neurovascular stretch is first achieved by stretching the local nerve that supplies the Segment of the body that is being treated. If 15% of the slack of nerve has not been taken up by the local stretch, then a central or dural stretch may be used. The central neurovascular stretch is achieved by enhancing dural tension in the opposite direction to the local nerve stretch, using opposing limbs, including the head, to achieve the effect. 
     Thus, the second occlusive event that occurs after the activation during the N of the framework, is the neurovascular stretch up to 15% for up to 30 seconds. Adding a neurovascular stretch, either locally or locally and centrally, during the N portion of the framework, augments the effect of the ischemia created in the activation phase and, thus, improves the level of occlusion of the entire technique without compromising the nerve itself. 
     There are variations of the Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework as to accommodate for the patient symptoms, tolerance and health risks. There are 4 main ways the technique may be varied. For instance, the A portion and the N portion, which are the hallmark phases of the technique as they specifically provide the ischemic conditioning, may be done simultaneously which has been termed “Combined Approach” or it may be done sequentially which has been termed “Separated Approach”. The combined approach has an increased ischemic effect as compared to the separated approach. When Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch is being done in a phase by phase fashion, the soft tissue “Touch” or palpation is being conducted, the “Activation” at HP1 or HP1 and HP2 are achieved with a corresponding “Pulse”, and the “Neurovascular Stretch” is applied independently from one another sequentially making it less effective as an ischemic technique. When the activation point and neurovascular stretch are being conducted simultaneously, this is called a combined approach. Not all patients can tolerate the combined approach, thus, it is important to be able to adjust to the needs of the patient. Another way the technique is varied is based on what component of the TAPN framework is being performed. For instance, individual phases or combinations of the TAPN framework are possible given the patients&#39; needs. If a patient cannot tolerate certain aspects to the framework, the practitioner can simply provide the Touch/Activation/Pulse or TAP phases in s, or the Activation/Pulse or AP phases or the Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or the APN phases as their method of choice. Thirdly, the neurovascular stretch also maintains some flexibility as a local stretch may be performed with or without the central stretch. Typically, the local stretch may be accomplished by both the help of the practitioner and patient. However, the central stretch usually requires the active movement of the patient, and thus, may not be suitable for patients that cannot move actively on their own or cannot perform what is necessary for the central stretch. Finally, there is variability in the amplitude of the tension at 90° as patients may have different levels of sensitivity at activation points, and the practitioner can vary the amount of pressure applied to meet the patients&#39; needs. 
     The framework is particularly useful as an aid in training others to treat patients by use of the system. Medical practitioners can learn to use the framework, including the taxonomy of the soft tissue structures, according to the system in online or live seminars and tutorials where actual or simulated patients are treated using the technique. These and other features of the present system will become apparent to those skilled in manual techniques to help facilitate tissue healing. 
     The system facilitates a full body technique that may be used in the prevention and treatment of patients afflicted by musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries from reperfusion injury. According to an expert treatment framework called the Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch Framework, which bases its effect based on the science of ischemic conditioning, injury to a Structure or Segment in any of the five Systems of the body may be treated using the following phases of the framework:
         a) TOUCH: A touch or palpation of a Structure(s) in a Segment of the body that the patient complains of pain, swelling, numbness, aching, tingling, burning, weakness, atrophy, hypersensitivity, circulatory changes and restricted motion or any combinations thereof in order to locate hand position and bring blood flow to the area, is defined as the Touch portion of the framework.   b) ACTIVATION: A perpendicular manual tension is applied to a common vascular site of a Segment of the body that bisects the common artery along a vector. Using the equation Compression X Glide= Compression (Glide)=Vector of Tension at 90°, the manual pressure is provided by Hand Placement 1 or HP1 for 30 seconds-5 minutes at an adjacent area to the nearest proximal artery that supplies the Structure or Segment being treated to semi-occlude it; defined as the Activation (1 st  Occlusive Event) portion of the framework. A light pulse palpation called Hand Placement 2 or HP2 is placed at the nearest distal artery to the Structure or Segment being treated as a way to evaluate and compare changes in blood flow to Hand Placement 1; If a double occlusion is required to increase the effect of the ischemia, HP2 acts similar to HP1 providing a perpendicular manual tension at 90 degrees (using the equation Compression X Glide=Compression(Glide)=Vector of Tension at 90°) to another proximal artery that supplies the Structure or Segment being treated which is defined as a Double Activation if it is needed. HP2 does not exist if the artery being occluded by HP1 is a terminal branch. HP2 also occurs during the Activation portion of the framework.   c) PULSE: A palpable distal turbulent pulse is felt and then adequately diminishes at HP1 or, in the case of a double activation, at HP1 and HP2, is defined as the Pulse portion of the framework.   d) NEUROVASCULAR STRETCH: A local neurovascular stretch is provided for 30 seconds in the Segment being treated and, if necessary, a central neurovascular stretch may be added during the pulse phase or after it has been completed in order to further occlude the blood vessels that surround the nerve that supply the Structure or Segment being treated, is defined as the Neurovascular Stretch or the N portion of the framework.       

    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  depicts a simplified scheme of theTouch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework; 
         FIG. 2  depicts a flowchart of cellular damage from Reperfusion Injury (RI); 
         FIG. 3  depicts an image of the temporal variants of ischemic conditioning and when it may be applied in relation to the damaging ischemic event; 
         FIG. 4A  depicts an image of local ischemic conditioning and  FIG. 4B  depicts remote ischemic conditioning; 
         FIG. 5  depicts the Secondary Injury Model in a flowsheet previously presented by Knight et. al.; 
         FIGS. 6A and 6B  depict a detailed flowchart of the Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework where the flowchart carries over between  FIGS. 6A and 6B ; 
         FIG. 7  depicts a flowchart of the Treatment Strategy for a medical practitioner to use in order to treat a particular pain complaint 
         FIG. 8  depicts an example of a treatment protocol for System 1, femoral Segment, Structure 9 pectineus muscle denoted with the taxonomy 1.1.9 Femoral: Pectineus; 
         FIG. 9  shows the correct Hand Placement 1 (HP1) and Hand Placement 2 (HP2) for System 1, Segment 1, for use in the Activation component of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework; 
         FIG. 10  shows the anatomical hand placement of Hand Placement 1 (HP1) and Hand Placement 2 (HP2) for System 1, Segment 1 on a medical illustration from Gray&#39;s Anatomy (reproduced by permission) with the corresponding vector as indicated by an arrow; 
         FIG. 11  shows a local neurovascular stretch called the Local Stretch in the Neurovascular Stretch component of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework according to one modality of treatment; 
         FIG. 12  shows a central neurovascular stretch called the Central Stretch in the Neurovascular Stretch component of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework according to one modality of treatment; 
         FIG. 13  depicts a modified list of contraindications and precautions for manual therapy as per New York State Education Department; 
         FIGS. 14A and 14B  respectively provide portions of a summary chart for the Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework provided to practitioners for each listed structure; 
         FIG. 15  depicts an example of a treatment protocol for System 2, Segment 1 pectoral Segment, Structure 1, Pectoralis Major muscle denoted with the taxonomy 2.1.1 Pectoral: Pectoralis Major; 
         FIG. 16  shows the correct Hand Placement 1 (HP1) and Hand Placement 2 (HP2) for System 2, Segment 1, for use in the Activation component of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework; 
         FIG. 17  shows the anatomical hand placement of Hand Placement 1 (HP1) and Hand Placement 2 (HP2) for System 2, Segment 1, on a background medical illustration from Gray&#39;s Anatomy (reproduced by permission) with the corresponding vector as indicated by an arrow; 
         FIG. 18  shows the local neurovascular stretch called the Local Stretch in the Neurovascular portion of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework for System 2, Segment 1; 
         FIG. 19  shows the central neurovascular stretch called the Central Stretch in the Neurovascular portion of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework for System 2, Segment 1; 
         FIG. 20  shows an example of a treatment protocol for System 3, Segment 5 extrinsic lumbar Segment, Structure 1, Latissimus Dorsi Origin denoted with the taxonomy 3.5.1 Extrinsic Lumbar: Latissimus Dorsi Origin; 
         FIG. 21  shows the correct Hand Placement 1 (HP1) and Hand Placement 2 (HP2) for System 3, Segment 5, for use in the Activation component of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework; 
         FIG. 22  shows the anatomical hand placement of Hand Placement 1 (HP1) and Hand Placement 2 (HP2) for System 3, Segment 5, atop a medical illustration from Gray&#39;s Anatomy (reproduced by permission) with the corresponding vector as indicated by an arrow; 
         FIG. 23  shows the local neurovascular stretch called the Local Stretch in the Neurovascular portion of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework for System 3, Segment 5; 
         FIG. 24  shows the central neurovascular stretch called the Central Stretch in the Neurovascular portion of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework for System 3, Segment 5; 
         FIG. 25  shows an example of a treatment protocol for System 4, Segment 1 occipital Segment, Structure 1, Occipitalis denoted with the taxonomy 4.1.1 Occipital: Occipitalis; 
         FIG. 26  shows the correct Hand Placement 1 (HP1) and Hand Placement 2 (HP2) for System 4, Segment 1, for use in the Activation component of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework; 
         FIG. 27  shows the anatomical hand placement of Hand Placement 1 (HP1) and Hand Placement 2 (HP2) for System 4, Segment 1, atop a medical illustration from Gray&#39;s Anatomy (reproduced by permission) with the corresponding vector as indicated by an arrow; 
         FIG. 28  shows the local neurovascular stretch called the Local Stretch in the Neurovascular portion of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework for System 4, Segment 1 Bilaterally; 
         FIG. 29  shows the central neurovascular stretch called the Central Stretch in the Neurovascular portion of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework for System 4, Segment 1 Bilaterally; 
         FIG. 30  shows an example of a treatment protocol for System 5, Segment 1B sacral ligaments Segment, Structure 1, Sacrotuberous ligament denoted with the taxonomy 5.1.B.1 Sacral Ligaments/Inferior: Sacrotuberous Ligament; 
         FIG. 31  shows the correct Hand Placement 1 (HP1) and Hand Placement 2 (HP2) for System 5, Segment 1B, for use in the Activation component of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework; 
         FIG. 32  shows the anatomical hand placement of Hand Placement 1 (HP1) and Hand Placement 2 (HP2) for System 5, Segment 1B, atop a medical illustration from Gray&#39;s Anatomy (reproduced by permission) with the corresponding vector as indicated by an arrow; 
         FIG. 33  shows the local neurovascular stretch called the Local Stretch in the Neurovascular portion of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework for System 5, Segment 1B; 
         FIG. 34  shows the central neurovascular stretch called the Central Stretch in the Neurovascular portion of Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch Framework for System 5, Segment 1B; 
         FIG. 35  shows a computer system that may be used as a guide in performing therapies as disclosed herein, and as an educational or training aid; 
         FIG. 36  shows an interactive component of a graphical user interface that may be utilized in selecting one or more taxonomical Systems of the human body as an aid to diagnosis and reporting of treatment modalities that are selected by a computer according to a system of expert rules; 
         FIG. 37  is a flowchart of logic that may be utilized for the identification of Structures in developing an expert system of rules to positon compression and glide for the touch, activation and pulse activation stages for TAPN treatment of any Structure of the body; 
         FIG. 38  is a flowchart of logic that may be utilized to develop an expert system of rules providing for local and central stretches in the neurovascular stretch stage for TAPN treatment of any Structure of the body; 
         FIG. 39  is a flowchart of logic that may be utilized to develop an expert system of rules for making taxonomical subdivisions of the human body into System: Segment: and Structure; and 
         FIG. 40  provides guidance demonstrating a preferred technique for practicing occlusion by compression and glide. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Introductory Principles of Ischemic Conditioning 
     The present RI treatment system, is designed to provide non-surgical prevention (Pre-C), and treatment of acute (Per-C), sub-acute and chronic (Post-C) musculoskeletal injuries that have been damaged by reperfusion injury. This method of ischemic conditioning can eliminate or reduce symptoms of pain, swelling, numbness, aching, tingling, burning, weakness, atrophy, hypersensitivity, circulatory changes and restricted motion or any combinations thereof. 
       FIG. 1  demonstrates a simplified scheme of the system by displaying the basic phases that occur in performing the Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch or TAPN framework. In  FIG. 1 , there is a flowchart which indicates not only the TAPN phases but also the main objective of the phases, which is to apply ischemic conditioning in musculoskeletal injury. As indicated by the framework, Touch,  101 , Activation,  102 , Pulse,  103 , and Neurovascular Stretch,  104 , are conducted to perform this technique. For a more in-depth model see  FIGS. 6A, 6B and 14   
     The application of the ischemic conditioning has both local and remote effects because the act of providing an occlusion has both an effect on the structures supplied by the artery being occluded and systemically throughout the body, i.e. remotely.  FIGS. 4A and 4B  demonstrate the difference between local and remote ischemic conditioning. In  FIG. 4A , an example of local ischemic conditioning is where an ischemia as an intervention is applied to an artery in the heart,  401 , which can improve the outcomes of tissue damage at the target organ which is also the heart,  402 . An example of remote ischemic conditioning is where ischemia as an intervention is applied to an artery at a remote site to the target organ that suffers from the ischemic injury. In this example, the brachial artery is used as the site of the intervention  403 , and the target organ is the heart,  404 . 
     The present system utilizes the TAPN framework to benefit less severe musculoskeletal soft tissue injury as, ischemia reperfusion cycles or I/R cycles may be found in surrounding healthy tissue which is damaged from primary musculoskeletal trauma through the loss of blood flow, thus mitigating the effects of RI as shown in  FIGS. 2 and 5 . According to one embodiment, the system facilitates two key principles in action. These principles are: A) the method in which the ischemia is applied to the blood vessels of a Segment of the body and the blood vessels that supply the nerves, and B) the sequencing of the framework which includes the appropriate taxonomy during the “T” portion. The T or Touch phase normally precedes the A or Activation phase and is preferably but optionally performed as a way of improving bhand placement for the A phase while also enhancing blood flow to the targeted area for treatment. 
     The portions of the TAPN methodology pertaining to the direct ischemic conditioning technique occur during the A or “Activation” and the N or “Neurovascular Stretch” portion of the Touch/Activation/Pulse/Neurovascular Stretch framework. During the A portion, the semi-occlusive manual pressure is applied perpendicular to a blood vessel that is to be occluded. One occlusion technique is to create a pressure point by compressing the blood vessel with tension at 90° and slide the pressure point perpendicularly outward from the blood vessel until a substantial difference in pulse is achieved. This normal-gliding technique produces occlusive tension that may be visualized by the relationship Compression X Glide=Tension at 90°. The A portion may precede the N portion, or there may be temporal overlap such that the A portion precedes the N portion with overlap at the end, or else there may be complete temporal overlap. The N portion may sometimes precede the A portion if patient tolerance improves, however, this is expected to be rarely performed. 
     Using a pressure point that bisects the common vascular site of a specific Segment or Structure of the body along the indicated vector (3-Dimensional direction) is a preferred aspect of the occlusion technique. The amplitude of the tension can be subjectively determined using the following scale: level 1: light, level 2: mild, level 3: moderate, level 4: firm. The pulse taken at a point distal to the pressure point is termed the distal turbulent pulse. A determination that this pulse has diminished demarcates the end of the “A” phase or portion of the TAPN framework. By way of example, where the A phase precedes the N phase, a diminished pulse in the P phase may guide the practitioner to determine when the “A” phase finishes and when the “N” phase should begin. 
     Once the distal turbulent pulse has diminished, a second ischemic event “N” occurs at the neurovascular supply to the nerve of the Segment or Structure of interest. This is the neurovascular stretch “N”, which is a neural stretch to approximately 15% of the usual anatomical length. This type of stretch is sufficient to choke off the blood supply to the nerve and create another ischemic event. If a 15% stretch cannot be accomplished in the local nerve, central or dural stretches in opposing limbs such as the contralateral limb and the head, may be implemented to enhance the effect of the stretch and, thus, the ischemia. 
     Both the “A” and the “N” phases of the technique are the ischemic phases and if they are done together, in a combined fashion, then the ischemic effect is augmented. The order of events of the framework is also a unique component of the system and has purpose. As indicated previously, the “T” phase brings blood flow to the Structure(s) of a Segment following guidance outlined by descriptive information that may be reported or otherwise ascertained by reporting from an electronic database. The database may be structured for reporting by taxonomical and/or symptomological identifiers for reporting to a practitioner who follows the report as a guide to implementing a modality of treatment for a specific structure of the body. Once the blood flow is directed to the area of interest during the “T” phase using the taxonomy as a guide, the blood flow is subsequently choked off during the “A” phase. The “P” phase is an indicator of when the “A” ends and the “N” begins. Finally, the “N” enhances the ischemic effect obtained by the “A” as it is the second ischemic event. 
     The system utilizes a set of expert rules that facilitate a non-surgical semi-occlusive method which may be used to prevent (Pre-C) and treat (Per-C and Post-C) reperfusion injuries in musculoskeletal tissue.  FIG. 1 , discussed supra., depicts a flowchart of the TAPN framework as may be implemented with use of computer logic. 
       FIGS. 6A and 6B  depict a more detailed flowchart  600  of the TAPN framework. The first phase is Touch  601  to identify  602  which Structure or Segment of the body that needs to be treated based on the patient&#39;s presented symptoms. After attracting blood flow to the structure(s) that require treatment using palpation  604  or touch in the correct taxonomy as described by the technique, the next goal is to occlude the main arterial supply to the Structure(s) in a particular Segment of the body. This is done by palpation  606  of the proximal common pulse of the artery using the HP1 and simultaneously using HP2 to feel  608  for a pulse distal to the structure(s) in the Segment  608 , commencing the activation phase  605 . HP1 is first placed  610  on the proximal common artery to begin the first occlusive event and then moved  612  off the proximal common artery along a vector that is approximately perpendicular to the axis of elongation or arterial axis in the artery to begin the Compression X Glide=Tension at 90° along the vector for a suitable time such as 30 seconds to 5 minutes, which acts to create the manual tourniquet in the first partial occlusive event. Once systolic blood pressure matches the Tension at 90° and the artery has vasodilated in response to the stressor, a distal turbulent pulse “P” at  613  is felt  614  at HP1 as blood can move past the tension creating a palpable turbulence. This turbulence may be felt for comparison  616  to HP2 if the second hand is not partaking in a double activation. Alternatively, if HP2 is acting in a double activation, it will follow the same phases as HP1 but at a different proximal arterial site to the structure(s) of interest. When the pulse diminishes  618  this indicates that the next phase or “N”  619  may begin. The neurovascular stretch  620 , can occlude the blood supply to nerves and thus may act as a second occlusive event. The stretch at the Segment, called the local stretch, may be maintained for up to 30 seconds, and if tolerated, an opposing dural stretch in the opposite limbs and head, called the central stretch, may be used. The A ( 605 ) and the N ( 619 ) phases may be performed simultaneously, which is termed a combined approach  624 . If the framework is done sequentially, it is termed separated approach  622 .  6 A- 6 E, outline the framework&#39;s headings. 
     In context of  FIGS. 6A and 6B , it will be appreciated that the phases of Touch  601  and Pulse  613  are preferred but optional phases. The Phases of Activation  605  and Neurovascular stretch  619  may be performed sequentially or with at least some overlap. 
     Overview of Treatment Process 
     As the framework may be used clinically,  FIG. 7  outlines the general process  700  for use in treating patients according to the presently disclosed instrumentalities. A significant advantage of the framework is that musculoskeletal soft tissue injury may be treated using conservative non-surgical methods. Soft tissues are able to optimize their healing potential through the use of ischemic conditioning. The presently disclosed instrumentalities may be implemented prior to injury as a form of prevention, Pre-C, and in acute, Per-C, and sub-acute and chronic, Post-C, situations. This provides practitioners with tremendous potential to heal tissues with the use of their hands. Once a patient has been given clearance  702  for manual therapy using the guidelines outlined in  FIG. 13 , a practitioner notes the patient&#39;s reproducible pain pattern  704 , in any part of the body. Based on the patient&#39;s symptoms, the practitioner will select  706  the appropriate location or taxonomy code to begin working on the target area (either a structure, group or structures or an entire Segment). The TAPN framework or any variation is provided  708 , which follows the sequencing presented in  FIGS. 1 and 6 . The patient is asked  710  to see if their symptoms has improved  706 . If improvement exists and is sufficient  714  then the treatment can end  716 . If there is partial improvement or no improvement  718  improvement, an adjacent Structure, or Segment or System (through the indicated segue structures) may be selected  718  using the taxonomy codes and the framework can repeat from step  708  until sufficient improvement is achieved. 
     Working Example 1—Groin Pull 
       FIG. 8  shows a TAPN framework box that may be provided by reporting from a computer database for use in guiding practitioners. The taxonomy code  801  of “1.1.9” identifies System 1 which is the lower extremity, Segment 1 which is a femoral Segment, and a Structure 9 which is pectineus muscle. This taxonomy is also related as a segue structure  802  indicating that there is fascial connectivity to System 5 which is the Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral System. The Touch row  804  provides useful information concerning the origins, insertions, blood supply and innervation for use as a reference tool in order to guide palpation of the correct structure and review anatomy according to Phase  601  (see  FIG. 6A ). The Activation row  806  corresponding to Phase  605  of  FIG. 6A  identifies HP1  808  for the pectineus which is the femoral artery. Note that the star  808  pictorially denotes a hand placement position HP1 for Activation. Row  806  describes the vector as occurring to the posterior indicating a direction of tension for HP1 to create occlusion according to the concept of Compression X Glide=Tension at 90°. Here HP2  810  is simply a pulse point measurement used as a comparison to the pulse at HP1 for assessing the effectiveness of the occlusion at HP1. A heart  810  pictorially denotes use of HP2 to obtain a Pulse. 
     The Pulse row  814  corresponds to Phase  613  of  FIG. 6A  and identifies the distal turbulent Pulse that will be felt at the activation point or HP1  808 . This is not a double activation because HP1  808  serves as an activation point while HP2  810  merely provides a pulse comparison, which is why Row  812  only indicates a distal turbulent pulse occurring at location of blood flow immediately downstream from HP1  808 . 
     The Neurovascular Stretch row corresponds to Phase  619  of  FIG. 6B  and lists two additional movement sequences for the local neurovascular stretch supplying the femoral Segment, in this case, there is a local stretch addressing the femoral nerve, which may be supplemented by the dural or central Neurovascular Stretch addressing in this case the head and contralateral lower extremity. 
     In implementation, as shown in  FIG. 9 , a patient presents with a groin pull and states pain in the location of the anterior thigh. A practitioner may then choose to treat the pectineus muscle and provide ischemia to the pectineus muscle using the framework box shown in  FIG. 8  as a guide. After locating the structure using the anatomy reference in the Touch row  804  and palpating it to elicit blood flow to the area, HP1  808  may be placed at Scarpa&#39;s Triangle for 30 seconds to 5 minutes while HP2  810  may be placed at the adductor hiatus to compare the distal turbulent pulse occurring at HP1  808 . This is occurring in the Activation component of the framework according to row  806  of  FIG. 8 . Once the pulse at HP1  808  has adequately diminished, the practitioner can move on to the next phase. 
       FIG. 10  indicates the anatomical hand placements for what is depicted in  FIG. 9 . Using medical illustration, the activation point HP1  808  is located at the pectineus in Scarpa&#39;s triangle using the star as a notation, as previously mentioned. The pulse point at HP2  810  at the adductor hiatus is indicated a heart as a notation, as previously mentioned. The main arterial supply for the anterior thigh that is here called the Femoral Segment 1004 is indicated as the femoral artery  1003 , and the vector  1005  or 3-Dimensional tension of HP1  808  is indicated as the vector  1005 , using the notation of underlining the compression and bracketing the glide to enhance occlusion according to the concept: Compression X Glide= compression (Glide)=Vector of Tension at 90°. 
     A legend  1006 , accompanies the medical illustration which has been cited for use,  1007 . 
       FIG. 11  demonstrates use of a combined approach for the local stretch at the femoral nerve. This means that HP1  808  is being maintained simultaneously at the pectineus using the correct vector  1005  as described above, while the local femoral nerve stretch  1100  including a supine hip extension with internal rotation plus knee flexion and ankle plantarflexion is being by the patient and/or the practitioner. If more nerve stretch is needed to reach the approximate 15% required to occlude blood vessels surrounding the nerve, and the patient can tolerate the movement, then a central stretch  1200  may be done as demonstrated in  FIG. 12 . This also demonstrates the combined approach where HP1  808  is being maintained at the same time as the local stretch  1200 , with the assistance of the practitioner. Additionally, the patient has assisted with flexing  1202  the contralateral limb and head, in order to provide the central stretch which enhances the occlusive effect upon the femoral nerve. The central stretch  1200  may be left out, or the neurovascular stretch as a whole may be left out if a patient cannot tolerate the movements according to the variations. A separated approach may also be used as a variation if the combined approach cannot be tolerated. 
       FIGS. 14A and 14B  show the phases of the TAPN framework represented in a generic box format with data fields that may be adapted for use in electronic or paper reporting to demonstrate RI treatment of any Structure in the human body. The system of expert rules may provide a box like  FIGS. 14A and 14B  as a guide facilitating the TAPN framework according to any hierarchical taxonomy code, such as System/Segment/Structure as shown in  FIG. 8 . To illustrate a suitable reporting structure by way of example, TAPN box  1400  includes an identifier as taxonomy code  1402 , which in this case allocates the human body into discrete parts where hand placements may control blood flow for occlusive treatment of RI. All structures and tissues of the body may be outlined in this way as a standard format to ease the complication of the practitioner being trained and/or guided in implementing the technique. Field  1403  identifies one or more a segue Systems X, Y which are different Systems that are fascially related to particular system of taxonomy code  1402 . 
     A Touch row  1404  provides useful information  1406  concerning the origins, insertions, blood supply and innervation for use as a reference tool in order to guide palpation of the correct structure and review anatomy according to Phase  601  (see  FIG. 6A ). An Activation row  1408  corresponding to Phase  605  of  FIG. 6A  includes a field  1410  for hand placement HP1 occurring over the proximal common artery for the Segment, together with a description  1412  of vector movement or tension of this hand position that enhances the occlusive effect according to the concept of Compression X Glide=Tension at 90°. A field  1414  for hand placement HP2 describes placement of a second hand over structures that have been treated by HP1  1410  for either: (1) a second activation point, or (2) to ascertain a distal pulse that by virtue of its relative intensity indicates the effectiveness of HP1  1410 . Since HP2  1412  may be, in the alternative, a second activation point or a location to measure a distal pulse, a star  1416  may be used to designate use as a second proximal activation point, and a heart  1418  pictorially designates use to ascertain a distal pulse. A designation “T,” as needed, indicates a terminal branch such that HP2  1412  is not required. Where HP2  1412  is intended for use as a double activation point given the designation “DA”, there will be a second vector field (not shown) allocated to HP2  1412  describing movement of HP2 to enhance the occlusive effect of the Structure or Segment of interest. 
     A Pulse row  1420  corresponds to Phase  613  of  FIG. 6A  includes field  1422  listing distal turbulent Pulse that will be felt at the activation points HP1  1410  and HP2  1412  if it is a double activation. 
     A Neurovascular Stretch row  1424  corresponds to Phase  619  of  FIG. 6B  and includes field  1426  listing two movement sequences for the local neurovascular stretch supplying the femoral Segment. The two movement sequences include a local stretch intended to occlude blood supplying the main nerve proximate HP1 and HP2. There is also a central stretch that improves the occlusion if the patient can tolerate the central stretch. 
     A legend field  1428  accompanies the medical illustration which has been cited for use,  1007 . 
     Working Example 2—Pectoral Strain 
       FIG. 15  shows a TAPN framework box  1500  that may be provided by reporting from a computer database for use in guiding practitioners. The taxonomy code  1502  of “2.1.1” identifies System 2 which is the upper extremity, Segment 1 which is a pectoral Segment of System 2, and a Structure 9 which is the pectoralis major muscle of Segment 1. This taxonomy is also related as a segue structure  1504  indicating that there is fascial connectivity to System 3 which is the Spine and Thorax System. The Touch row  1506  corresponds to Phase  601  of  FIG. 6A  and provides useful information concerning the origins, insertions, blood supply and innervation for use as a reference tool in order to guide palpation of the correct structure and review anatomy according to Phase  601  (see  FIG. 6A ). The Activation row  1508  corresponding to Phase  605  of  FIG. 6A  associates HP1  1510  with the pectoralis minor, specifically at the 2 nd  section of the axillary artery at the pectoralis minor. The Activation row  1508  describes a vector  1512  associated with HP1  1510  as occurring to the posterior/inferomedial indicating a direction of tension to create occlusion according to the concept of Compression X Glide=Tension at 90°. Here HP2  1514  is simply a pulse point measurement used as a comparison to the pulse at HP1  1510  for assessing the effectiveness of the occlusion at HP1  1510 . HP2  1514  is to be taken as the brachial pulse at the antecubital fossa. 
     The Pulse row  1516  corresponds to Phase  613  of  FIG. 6A  and identifies the distal turbulent Pulse that will be felt at the activation point or HP1  1510 . This is not a double activation because HP1  1510  serves as an activation point while HP2  1514  merely provides a pulse comparison, which is why Row  1514  only indicates a distal turbulent pulse at the patient&#39;s pectoral tunnel. 
     The Neurovascular Stretch row  1516  corresponds to Phase  6 D  619  of  FIG. 6B  and lists two additional movement sequences for the neurovascular stretch supplying the pectoral Segment. In this case, there is a local stretch  1518  addressing the pectoral nerve by use of a shoulder abduction to 120° with an elbow extension, forearm supination and wrist and finger extension. The may be enhanced by the second movement sequence which is the use of a central neurovascular stretch  1518  including contralateral neck side flexion. 
     In implementation, as shown in  FIG. 16 , a patient presenting with a pectoral muscle pull or strain and states pain in the location of the pectoralis major. A practitioner may then provide ischemia at the pectoralis minor using the framework box shown in  FIG. 15  as a guide. After locating the structure using the anatomy reference in the Touch row  1506 , and palpating it to elicit blood flow to the area, HP1  1510  may be placed at the pectoralis minor for 30 seconds to 5 minutes to occlude the main upstream artery for the pectoral Segment at the 2 nd  portion of the axillary artery while HP2  1514  may be placed at the antecubital fossa to compare against the pulse occurring at HP1  1510 . This is occurring in the Activation component  1508  of the framework. Once the pulse at HP1  1510  has adequately diminished, the practitioner can move on to the next phase. 
       FIG. 17  shows the anatomical hand placements for what is depicted in  FIG. 16 . Using medical illustration  1700 , the activation point of HP1  1510  at the pectoralis minor is designated using the star as a notation as previously mentioned. The pulse point of HP2  1514  at the antecubital fossa is indicated using the heart as a notation as previously mentioned. Gliding HP1  1510  along the vector  1512  occludes the main arterial supply for the pectoral Segment according to the concept of Compression X Glide=Compression(Glide)=Vector of Tension at  9 J. A legend  1702  accompanies the medical illustration  1700  to provide additional information concerning the hand placements HP1  1510  and HP2  1512 . 
       FIG. 18  demonstrates use of a combined approach for the local stretch at the pectoralis minor. This means that HP1  1510  is being maintained simultaneously at the pectoralis minor using the correct vector  1512 , while a local pectoral nerve stretch  1518  is being produced by the patient and/or the practitioner. If more nerve stretch is needed to reach the approximate 15% required to occlude blood vessels surrounding the nerve, and the patient can tolerate the movement, then a central stretch  1520  may be done as demonstrated in  FIG. 19 . This also demonstrates the combined approach where HP1  1510  is being maintained at the same time as the local stretch  1518 , with the assistance of the practitioner. Additionally, the patient has assisted with flexing the contralateral side of the neck, in order to provide the central stretch which provides the central stretch  1520  to enhance the effect of the local stretch  1518 . The central stretch  1520  may be left out, or the neurovascular stretch as a whole may be left out if a patient cannot tolerate the movements according to the variations. 
     Working Example 3—Lower Back Pain 
       FIG. 20  shows a TAPN framework box  2000  that may be provided by reporting from a computer database for use in guiding practitioners. The taxonomy code  2002  of “3.5.1” identifies System 3 which is the Spine and Thorax System, Segment 5 which is the Extrinsic Lumbar Segment of that System, and Structure 9 which is the Lattisimus Dorsi Origin of the Extrinsic Lumbar Segment. This taxonomy is also related as a segue structure  2004  indicating that there is fascial connectivity to Systems 1, 2 and 5. The Touch row  2006  provides useful information concerning the origins, insertions, blood supply and innervation for use as a reference tool in order to guide palpation of the correct structure and review anatomy according to Phase  601  (see  FIG. 6A ). The Activation row  2008  corresponding to Phase  605  of  FIG. 6A  lists HP1  2010  as being over the thoracodorsal artery with latissimus insertion at the inferior angle of the scapula. A second hand placement position HP2  2012  for Activation; however, this differs from HP2 of  FIGS. 8 and 15  because HP2  2012  of  FIG. 20  is a second or double activation point providing a second point of occlusion at the lumbar arteries located between the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5. Movement of HP1  2010  occurs as described for vector  2014  to the anterior/medial to facilitate the occlusive effect of HP1  2010 . Similarly, the vector  2016  is associated with HP2  2012  where tension to the anterior/medial enhances the occlusive effect of HP2  2012 . These vector movements occur according to the concept of Compression X Glide=Tension at 90°. 
     The Pulse row  2018  corresponds to Phase  613  of  FIG. 6A  and identifies the distal turbulent pulses at the thoracodorsal and lumbar arteries that will be felt at the activation points HP1  2010  and HP2  2012 . This is a double activation at the thoracodorsal artery and Lumbar Arteries because both HP1  2010  and HP2  2012  serve as activation points. 
     The Neurovascular Stretch row  2020  corresponds to Phase  619  of  FIG. 6B  and lists two additional movement sequences for the neurovascular stretch of key nerves in the taxonomy. In this case, there is a local stretch  2022  addressing the thoracodorsal and ventral lumbar rami by use of a hip extension with adduction and internal rotation together with contralateral lumbar rotation. This may be enhanced by a central neurovascular stretch  2024  utilizing in this case an ipsilateral shoulder flexion and internal rotation with elbow pronation and head flexion. 
     In implementation, as shown in  FIG. 21 , a patient presents with lower back pain. A practitioner may then provide ischemia to the thoracodorsal artery and the lumbar arteries using the framework box shown in  FIG. 20  as the guide. After locating the structure using the anatomy reference in the Touch row  2006  and palpating to elicit blood flow to the area, HP1  2010  may be placed at the thoracodorsal artery for 30 seconds to 5 minutes while HP2  2012  is placed at the lumbar arteries. Gliding along vectors  2014 ,  2016  occurs as described in row  2008  of  FIG. 20  to create the occlusive effect using these hand placements. Once the pulses at HP1  2010  and HP2  2012  have adequately diminished, the practitioner can move on to the next phase. 
       FIG. 22  shows the anatomical hand placements for what is depicted in  FIG. 20 . Using medical illustration  2200 , the activation point of HP1  2010  at the thoracodorsal artery is indicated the star as a notation as previously mentioned. The hand placement HP2  2012  at the lumbar arteries is indicated by the star at  2204 . Gliding HP1  2010  along the vector  2014  occludes the main arterial supply for the thoracodorsal artery according to the concept of Compression X Glide=Compression(Glide)=Vector of Tension at 90°. Gliding HP2  2012  along the vector  2016  similarly occludes the main arterial supply for the Lumbar Arteries. A legend  2202  accompanies the medical illustration  2200  to provide additional information concerning the hand placements HP1  2010  and HP2  2012 . 
       FIG. 23  demonstrates use of a combined approach for the local stretch  2022  targeting occlusive treatment targeting the thoracodorsal and ventral lumbar rami. The patient is demonstrating a hip extension with adduction and internal rotation of the hip, together with rotation of the contralateral lumbar region. HP1  2010  and HP2  2012  are being maintained simultaneously at the thoracodorsal and ventral lumbar rami using the correct vectors  2014 ,  2016  (see  FIG. 22 ). If more nerve stretch is needed to reach the approximate 15% required to occlude blood vessels surrounding the nerve, and the patient can tolerate the movement, then a central stretch  2024  may be done as demonstrated in  FIG. 24  as described in the Neurovascular Stretch row  2020  of  FIG. 20 . This also demonstrates the combined approach where HP1  2010  is being maintained at the same time as the local stretch  2012 , with the assistance of the practitioner. Additionally, the patient has assisted with flexing  2400  the neck and the shoulder with the elbow extending and thumb pointing down, in order to provide the central stretch  2024  which enhances the effect. The central stretch  2406  may be left out, or the neurovascular stretch as a whole may be left out if a patient cannot tolerate the movements according to the variations. 
     Working Example 4—Neck Pain 
       FIG. 25  shows a TAPN framework box  2500  that may be provided by reporting from a computer database for use in guiding practitioners. The taxonomy code  2502  of “4.1.1” identifies System 4 which is the Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck, Segment 1 which is the Extrinsic Lumbar Segment of that System, and a Structure 1 which is the occipitalis muscle of that Segment. This taxonomy is also related as a segue structure  2504  indicating that there is fascial connectivity to System 3 which Spine and Thorax System. The Touch row  2506  provides useful information concerning the origins, insertions, blood supply and innervation for use as a reference tool in order to guide palpation of the correct structure and review anatomy according to Phase  601  (see  FIG. 6A ). The Activation row  2508  corresponding to Phase  605  of  FIG. 6A  designates HP1  2510  as being on the occipital artery at the right nuchal line of the occipital bone. HP2  2512  is a double activation point that is placed on the occipital artery at the left nuchal line of the occipital bone. Row  2514  describes the vector  2514  for HP1  2510  as occurring to the anterior/medial indicating a direction of tension for HP1  2510  to create occlusion according to the concept of Compression X Glide=Tension at  9 J. A second vector  2516  allocated to HP2  2512  is also drawn to the anterior/medial. 
     The Pulse row  2514  corresponds to Phase  613  of  FIG. 6A  and identifies the distal turbulent Pulse that will be felt at the activation points or HP1  2510  and HP2  2512 . This is a double activation occurring at the right and left occipital arteries because both HP1  2510  and HP2  2512  serve as activation points. 
     The Neurovascular Stretch row  2520  corresponds to Phase  619  of  FIG. 6B  and lists two additional movement sequences for a local neurovascular stretch  2522  targeting the posterior auricular nerve. In this case, there is a local stretch addressing the posterior auricular nerve: (1) bilaterally through neck flexion, and/or (2) unilaterally by use of collateral neck rotation with side flexion and neck flexion. If tolerated by the patient, a central neurovascular stretch  2524  maybe provided by lumbar flexion, hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle flexion performed in what is known in the art as the Reverse Child&#39;s Pose or the Child&#39;s Pose. 
     In implementation, as shown in  FIG. 26 , if a patient presents with neck pain in proximity to the occipital bone, then a practitioner may provide ischemia to the occipital arteries using the framework box  2500  shown in  FIG. 25  as the guide. After locating the structure using the anatomy reference in the Touch row  2506  and palpating the occipitalis muscle to elicit blood flow to the area, HP1  2510  may be placed at the right nuchal line of the occipital bone, and HP2  2512  at the left nuchal line for 30 seconds to 5 minutes. This is occurring in the Activation component  2508  of the framework  2500 . Once the pulses at HP1  2510  and HP2  2512  have adequately diminished, the practitioner may move on to the next phase. 
       FIG. 27  indicates the anatomical hand placements for what is depicted in  FIG. 26 . Using medical illustration  2700 , the activation point at HP1 at the right nuchal line is indicated the star as a notation designating an activation point, as previously mentioned. HP2  2012  is performed in a mirror image on the left nuchal line. The vector  2514  proceeds as described in Activation row  2508  of  FIG. 25  according to the concept of Compression X Glide=Compression(Glide)=Vector of Tension at 90°. A legend  2702  accompanies the medical illustration  2700 . 
       FIG. 28  demonstrates use of a combined approach for the local stretch  2522  targeting the posterior auricular nerve. This means that HP1  2510  is being maintained simultaneously at the right occipital line using the correct vector  2514 , while a local posterior auricular nerve stretch  2522  is being produced by the patient and/or the practitioner. If more nerve stretch is needed to reach the approximate 15% required to occlude blood vessels surrounding the nerve, and the patient can tolerate the movement, then a central stretch  2524  may be done as demonstrated in  FIG. 29  as described in row  2520  of  FIG. 25 . This also demonstrates the combined approach where HP1  2510 , is being maintained at the same time as the central stretch  2524 , with the assistance of the practitioner. Additionally, the patient has assisted with flexing the lumbar region, the hip, the knee and the ankle. The patient as depicted is assuming the child&#39;s pose. The central stretch  2520  may be omitted, or the neurovascular stretch  2522 ,  2524  as a whole may be left out if a patient cannot tolerate the movements according to the variations. 
     Working Example 5—Sacral Sprain 
       FIG. 30  shows a TAPN framework box  3000  that may be provided by reporting form a computer database used to guide practitioners. The taxonomy code  3002  of 5.1.B.1 identifies System 5 which is the Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral System, Segment 1.B constituting the Inferior Sacral Ligaments of that System, and Structure 1 which is the Sacrotuberous Ligament of that Segment. This taxonomy is also related as a segue Structure 3004 indicating that there is fascial connectivity to System 3 which is the Spine and Thorax System. The Touch row  3006  provides useful information concerning the origins, insertions, blood supply and innervation for use as a reference tool in order to guide palpation of the correct structure and review anatomy according to Phase  601  (see  FIG. 6A ). The Activation row  3008  corresponding to Phase  605  of  FIG. 6A  places HP1  3010  on the inferior gluteal artery at a location inferior to the piriformis. HP2  3012  makes this a double activation technique by placement for occlusion of the superior lateral sacral artery located at the posterior sacral foramen 1 and 2 of the sacrum. Activation row  3008  also describes a vector  3014  for HP1  3010  as occurring to the medial/inferoposterior indicating a direction of tension for HP1  3010  to enhance occlusion according to the concept of Compression X Glide=Tension at 90°. A vector  3016  at HP2  3012  similarly occurs to the anterior/medial direction. 
     The Pulse row  3018  corresponds to Phase  613  of  FIG. 6A  and identifies a pulse at each of the inferior gluteal artery and the lateral sacral artery that may be felt at HP1  3010  and HP2  3012 , respectively. 
     The Neurovascular Stretch row  3020  corresponds to Phase  619  of  FIG. 6B  and lists two additional movement sequences for the local neurovascular stretch supplying the pudendal nerve. In this case the local stretch  3022  includes having the patient lie on one side to perform hip adduction with external rotation, flexion of the knee and inversion of the ankle. A central stretch  3024  constituting head flexion and contralateral hip extension with external rotation plus flexion of the knee may be used in addition to enhance the occlusive effect to the pudendal nerve. 
     In implementation, as shown in  FIG. 31 , a patient presenting with a deep gluteal or sacral pain is lying on her side. A practitioner is administering treatment according to the TAPN framework of  FIG. 30 . HP1  3010  is positioned proximate the inferior gluteal artery at a location inferior to the piriformis. HP2  3012  is proximate to the superior lateral sacral artery at the posterior sacral foramen 1 and 2 of the sacrum. These placements may be administered for 30 seconds to 5 minutes as described for vectors  3014 ,  3016  (see  FIG. 30 ). This occurs according to the Activation row  3008  of the framework box  3000 . Once the pulses at HP1  3010  and HP2  3012  have adequately diminished, the practitioner can move on to the next phase. 
       FIG. 32  shows the anatomical hand placements for what is depicted in  FIG. 31 . Medical illustration  3200  shows the activation point HP1  3010  at the inferior gluteal artery. HP2  3012  is proximate the superior lateral sacral artery. A medial/inferoposterior gliding motion from HP1  3010  along vector  3014  occludes the main arterial supply for the inferior gluteal region. A gliding motion from HP2  3012  along vector  3016  occludes the blood supply from the superior lateral sacral artery. A legend  3202  accompanies the medical illustration  3200 . 
       FIG. 33  demonstrates use of a combined approach for the local stretch  3002  targeting the pudendal nerve. This means that HP1  3010  and HP2  3012  are being maintained simultaneously at the inferior gluteal artery and superior lateral sacral artery using the correct vectors  3014 ,  3016 , while the pudendal nerve stretch  3022  is being produced by having the patient lie on her side to perform a hip adduction and external rotation with knee flexion and ankle inversion. If more nerve stretch is needed to reach the approximate 15% required to occlude blood vessels surrounding the pudendal nerve, and the patient can tolerate the movement, then a central stretch  3024  may be done as demonstrated in  FIG. 34 . This also demonstrates the combined approach where HP1 and HP2  3402 , are being maintained at the same time as the local stretch  3022 , with the assistance of the practitioner. Here the patient has assisted the central stretch  3024  by performing a head flexion with hip external rotation and knee flexion. 
       FIG. 35  shows a special purpose computer system  3500  that is constructed to facilitate training and education for the medical treatment of RI. The system  3500  may also be used as an in-practice guide for the treatment of patients who are in need of the treatment of RI. A central server  3502  connects a central processing station  3504  to the Internet  3506 . Any number of network hosts  3508 ,  3508 A, etc. . . . may also be connected to the central server  3502  through the Internet  3506 . 
     A database  3510  is connected to the central processing station  3504 . The database has a variety of components, such as relational database tables  3512  which may be located at a central location or in a distributed database. A system of expert rules  3514  is established by a skilled practitioner to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of RI. A practitioner of this skillset may be, for example, a person with a doctorate in Physical Therapy or another expert in anatomy and manual therapy. Access to these rules permits reporting and presentation of images shown in Working Examples 1-5 to practitioners to facilitate educational training in the treatment of injuries as a result of RI, as well as the actual treatment of the injury itself. 
     In one embodiment, software resident on the server  34502  or processing station  3504  may include a system reporting functionality (through use of GUI  3528 ) that guides practitioners who are implementing a treatment modality for a Structure of the human body. The reporting functionality may, for example, utilize an image of the human body with sequential click-downs that proceed through a system of taxonomy to arrive as a Structure in need of treatment. Once the Structure is selected, the reporting functionality may provide images and other data that guide the practitioner through the TAPN framework as shown in processes  600  ( FIGS. 6A and 6B ) and  700  ( FIG. 7 ). 
     The images may include a table of local stretch images  3516 , which may be images in the nature of  FIGS. 11, 18, 23, 28 and 33  described above, as well as any other images of stretches undertaken to induce ischemia of nerves by virtue of local stretches according to the TAPN framework and taxonomy system discussed above. The images also include central stretch images  3518  which are images in the nature of  FIGS. 12, 19, 24, 29 and 34  described above, as well as any other images of stretches undertaken to induce ischemia of nerves by virtue of central stretches according to the TAPN framework and taxonomy system discussed above. Generally speaking, central stretches are stretches designed to enhance the ischemic effect of local stretches, but which may be less well tolerated by a patient who has suffered an injury. 
     The database  3510  also includes medical images  3520 . These include images in the nature of  FIGS. 10, 17, 22, 27, and 32  as described above, as well as any other images of stretches undertaken to induce ischemia of nerves by virtue of local stretches according to the TAPN framework and taxonomy system discussed above. Generally speaking, these images are anatomical diagrams showing hand placements and associated vectors for various positions of HP1 and HP2 for a particular treatment protocol. This is information may be supplemented by hand placement images  3522 , which are preferably photographs, drawings or other images showing the positions for HP1 and HP2 on a human body according to a particular treatment protocol. A table of TAPN box data  3524  provides information that may be used to fill the fields of a TAPN box as are shown in  FIGS. 8, 15, 20, 25 and 30 .  FIG. 14  is a generic TAPN box describing the information that may be provided to a TAPN box. 
     The central processing station  3504  may be provided with program logic that is organized into functional blocks of logic  3526 , which may be for example, subroutines or objects that interact with a user through graphical user interface  3528 . A diagnostic query engine  3530  engages in a dialogue with a practitioner/user, such as users connected to the network hosts  3508 ,  3508 A. The query may be any query that is useful in guiding practitioners to arrive at a reported TAPN box in the nature of what is shown in  FIG. 14 . As one example of this, there may be shown an image of a human body  3600  as in  FIG. 16 . This image is divided into the various taxonomical systems, e.g., System 1—Lower Extremity  3602 ; System 2—Upper Extremity  3604 ; System 3—Spine and Thorax  3606 ; System 4—Cranium, Face and Anterior  3608 ; and System 5—Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral  3610 . There may be a dialogue, such as prompting the practitioner/user to click on any System where the patient is experiencing swelling, pain, tingling, or any other dysfunctional symptoms. Clicking upon one or more of these Systems according to a class of symptoms causes a taxonomy selection and reporting engine  3532  to generate a graphic image report  3700  of one or more Segments with structure fields  3702 ,  3704 ,  3706 ,  3708 , each showing general areas for hand placements that may be used to treat one or more structures that are implicated in the diagnosis. Clicking upon one or more of the structure fields causes the taxonomy selection and reporting engine  3532  to access the database  3510  and generate a TAPN box (see  FIG. 14 ) for RI treatment of the structure as guided by the system of expert rules  3512 . 
     A patient monitoring segment  3534  tracks what treatments have been performed on each patient by taxonomy code, how well the treatment was tolerated, and whether the treatments caused any improvements or additional symptoms to occur. The occurrence of improvements or additional symptoms can be a significant factor in applying the system of expert rules. For example, in a patient who complains of both knee and spinal pain, compensation for the knee injury when striding may cause misalignments to occur in the hip, back and neck. Therefore, while all of these problems may be treated, treatment of the knee may be regarded as the primary goal with the other problems being secondary, and this may be confirmed by monitoring to assess whether the secondary problems diminish with improvement of the injury to the knee. Thus, the system of expert rules  3512  and the taxonomy selection and reporting engine  3532  may ascertain improvements or additional problems as a factor in determining the selection of treatments by taxonomic codes. 
     The database  3510  is optionally a propriety database in the sense that a subscription or access management engine  3536  excludes unauthorized users. For example, users connected through the network hosts  3508 ,  3508 A may pay a monthly or annual subscription access fee. This community of users may also be able to share data for TAPN frameworks of their own creation by uploading these to a user community database segment  3538 , which may also contain user community notes regarding specific TAPN protocols, such as problems or benefits observed with these protocols, suggested improvements, and whether patients generally well-tolerate specific movements suggested by thee protocols. 
     The system  3500  may be configured for real-time training or education  3538  through use of menu options presented through the GUI  3528 . Thus, a user may place the system  3500  in a mode where patient data is only transiently retained for patient monitoring  3534  during the course of a training session where, for example, there may be a volunteer patient who has no actual injury but has been coached to complain of the symptoms that would be present in case of an actual injury. Alternatively, the menu system for the real-time training mode  3538  may be used to place the system  3500  in an interactive dialogue that demonstrates use of the system to a practitioner/user, for example, by interacting with the GUI  3528  to arrive at the TAPN boxes shown in  FIGS. 8, 15, 20, 25 and 30  and having the practitioner demonstrate the treatment techniques of working Examples 1-5 to a course instructor, either on a living person or a dummy that is specially provided for training purposes. 
     There may be any number of network hosts  3508 ,  3508 A. By way of example, each of network hosts  3508 ,  3508 A may be for local networks allocated to a physical therapy practice located at a single brick-and-mortar address. For larger enterprises operating out of different addresses, the network hosts may be for wide area network or a virtual private network. 
     Although  FIG. 35  shows conceptually that the central processing station  3504  and the database  3510  are located in a central facility away from the network hosts  3508 ,  3508 A, it will be appreciated that this arrangement may be replaced by distributed processing and distributed databasing techniques disbursing these functionalities through use of the Internet  3506 . It is also possible to have the database  3510  and the logic  3526  replicated on the network hosts  3508 ,  3508 A for local use such that interaction with the central server  3502  is minimized. For example, the database  3510  and logic  3526  may be configured to run locally while the central processor merely manages subscription access  3536  and provides periodic updates for the content of database  3510 . The network host  3508  may host any number of networked workstations  3540 ,  3542 ,  3544  while the network host  3508 A is similarly connected to workstations  3546 ,  3548 . The workstations  3540 - 3548  may be, for example, places where practitioners are trained or where they perform treatments. 
       FIG. 36  shows a graphical user interface (GUI) that may be utilized for purposes of reporting from the database  3510  to provide indicia that are useful for purposes of treatment and education as described above reporting purposes. A user need only click on a field that contains a system identifier in order to drill successively deeper into the taxonomy of System:Segment:Structure. Thus, if a user clicks on a particular System, such as System 3, the user will then be directed to a field-allocated breakout (not shown) of Segments for that System (System 3). The user may then click on a particular Segment to see all Structures for that Segment. Clicking on a Structure causes the computer system  3500  to generate a report that may, for example, include a TAPN table, anatomical drawings, and images that facilitate TAPN based treatment of the selected particular structure. It will be appreciated that the report may also include information for the treatment of additional or alternative structures that are associated as segue structures described above. 
     Program instructions and data for the operation of system  3500  may be stored on a computer readable form. A computer readable form may be, for example, a hard drive, DVD, CD-ROM, computer memory or memory stick. 
       FIG. 37  shows a logical process  3700  that may be utilized in developing an expert system of rules or data associations in determining the location of hand placements for TAPN treatment of any Structure in the human body. The process  3700  commences with identification  3702  of a taxonomical structure that is amendable to treatment. This may be, for example, discrete muscle or other component of anatomy having blood that is principally supplied by one or two main arteries. Next comes determination  3704  of a proximal-palpable-upstream artery that supplies the Structure and other structures within the area of the Structure. This may be done, for example, by consulting an anatomical diagram. Once the determination  3702  is made, it is possible to locate  3706  the proximal-palpable upstream artery on a test patient and determine the longitudinal direction (elongate axis) of the artery. 
     With the artery so located  3706 , one can place  3708  manual pressure adjacent to the artery. Here it is also preferred to note the name of the structure where the activation point resides. The activation point is then moved to bisect away from the longitudinal axis of the artery with a compression and a glide to create a manual tension across the artery. This is a test to ascertain HP1 for the Structure. A second determination  3710  is made by ascertaining a pulse to determine whether the proposed HP1 occludes blood supply to the Structure as intended. If so, another determination  3712  is made, for example, by consulting an anatomical diagram, whether there is a second palpable distal artery downstream from the Structure. If the determination  3712  is negative, then HP1 is a terminal branch to the Structure and no HP2 is required. If the determination  3712  is positive, then HP2 is determined on the test patient by locating  3716  a palpable distal downstream artery from the Structure. This manner of HP2 may be used as a redundant pulse palpitation point to compare to HP1. 
     If the determination  3710  is negative, then one may locate  3718  another (second) proximal upstream artery to the Structure that may be occluded by hand placement other than at HP1. The longitudinal axis of this second artery is determined for purposes of establishing occlusion by compression plus glide. On the test patient, one may place  3720  manual pressure adjacent to the second artery. The name of the structure at the activation point is preferably recorded. One may then use compression plus glide to move the activation point HP2, bisecting away from the longitudinal axis of the artery to create a manual tension across the artery. This manner of HP2 is a double activation point because there are two points of occlusion for the same Structure. Pulses may be taken from the test patient to confirm that occlusion/activation has occurred. 
       FIG. 38  shows a logical process  3800  that may be utilized in developing central and local stretches for TAPN treatment of any Structure in the human body. The process  3800  begins with identification  3802  of a structure. This proceeds in the same manner as is done for identification  3702  of  FIG. 37 . A local stretch is determined  3804  as one or more bodily motions that directly stretch the nerve that supplies the Structure together with any other structures located near the Structure in the Segment where the Structure resides. A central stretch is determined  3806  as one or more bodily motions that effectively stretch the dura in the opposite direction as the local stretch by using the contralateral limbs, and head and spine. 
     Table 1 below provides a list of Structures that, among others, may be determined for treatment of RI and developed using logical processes  3700 ,  3800 : 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Structures for TAPN Treatment 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 System No. 
                 System 
                 Structure 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Abductor Digiti Minimi (Layer 1) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Abductor Hallucis (Layer 1) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Adductor Brevis 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Adductor Hallucis (Layer 3) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Adductor Longus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Adductor Magnus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Anterior Cruciate Ligament 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Articularis Genu 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Biceps Femoris(Long Head) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Biceps Femoris(Long Head) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Biceps Femoris(Short Head) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Dorsal Interossei 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Extensor Digitorum Brevis &amp; Extensor 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hallucis Brevis 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Extensor Digitorum Longus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Extensor Hallucis Longus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Flexor Digiti Minimi &amp; Opponens Digiti 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Minimi (Layer 3) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Flexor Digitorum Brevis (Layer 1) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Flexor Digitorum Longus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Flexor Hallucis Brevis (Layer3) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Flexor Hallucis Longus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Flexor Retinaculum 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Gastrocnemius &amp; Achilles Tendon 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Gluteus Maximus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Gluteus Medius 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Gluteus Minimus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Gracilis 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Iliacus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Iliotibial Band 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Inferior Extensor Retinaculum 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Inferior Gemelli 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Interosseus Membrane of Leg 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Joint Capsules 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Lateral Collateral Ligament of Ankle 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Lateral Collateral Ligament of Knee 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Lateral Meniscus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Lumbricals (Layer 2) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Medial Collateral Ligament of Knee 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Medial Collateral Ligaments of Ankle 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (Deltoid Ligament) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Medial Meniscus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Obturator Externus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Obturator Internus Distal 2/3 (Insertion) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Patellar Ligament 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Pectineus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Peroneus Brevis 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Peroneus Longus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Peroneus Tertius 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Piriformis 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament (Spring 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ligament) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Plantar Fascia 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Plantar Interossei (Layer 4) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Plantaris 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Plica 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Popliteus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Posterior Cruciate Ligament 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Psoas Major 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Psoas Minor 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Quadratus Femoris 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Quadratus Plantae (Layer 2) 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Rectus Femoris 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Sartorius 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Semimembranosus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Semimembranosus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Semitendinosus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Semitendinosus 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Soleus &amp; Achilles Tendon 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Superior Extensor Retinaculum 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Superior Gemelli 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Tensor Fascia Lata 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Tibialis Anterior 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Tibialis Posterior 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Transverse Intermuscular Septum 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Vastus Intermedius 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Vastus Lateralis 
               
               
                 1 
                 Lower Extremity 
                 Vastus Medialis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Abductor Pollicis Longus 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Acromioclavicular Ligaments 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Adductor Pollicis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Anconeus 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Annular Ligament 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Biceps Brachii 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Bicipital Aponeurosis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Brachialis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Brachioradialis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Common Extensor Tendon: Extensor Carpi 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radialis Brevis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Common Extensor Tendon: Extensor Carpi 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ulnaris 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Common Extensor Tendon: Extensor Digiti 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Minimi 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Common Extensor Tendon: Extensor 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Digitorum Communis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Coracoacromial Ligaments 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Coracobrachialis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Deltoid (Anterior and Middle Fibers) 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Deltoid (Posterior Fibers) 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Dorsal and Palmar Interossei 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Dorsal Ligaments (Radioulnar, Radiocarpal, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intercarpal) 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Extensor Indicis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Extensor Pollicis Brevis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Extensor Pollicis Longus 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Extensor Retinaculum 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Extensor Tendons with Expansions 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Flexor Carpi Radialis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Flexor Digitorum Profundus 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (2 heads) 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Flexor Pollicis Longus 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Flexor Retinaculum/Transverse Carpal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ligament 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Glenohumeral Joint Capsule 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Hypothenar Muscles 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Infraspinatus 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Interosseus Membrane 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Joint Capsules 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Lateral Intermuscular Septum 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Latissimus Dorsi Insertion (Distal 3rd) 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Lumbricals (Digits 2 &amp; 3) 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Lumbricals (Digits 3 &amp; 4) 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Medial Intermuscular Septum 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Palmar Fascia 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Palmar Ligaments (Radioulnar, Radiocarpal, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intercarpal) 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Palmaris Brevis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Palmaris Longus 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Pectoralis Major 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Pronator Quadratus 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Pronator Teres 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Quadrate Ligament 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Radial Collateral Ligament of Elbow 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Radial Collateral Ligament of Wrist 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Serratus Anterior (Scapular Insertion) 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Subscapularis 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Supinator and Arcade of Frohse 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Supraspinatus 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Teres Major 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Teres Minor 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Thenar Muscles 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Triangular Fibrocartilage Disc 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Triceps Brachii 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Tunnel of Guyon 
               
               
                 2 
                 Upper Extremity 
                 Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Of Wrist 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Diaphragm 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Erector Spinae (Iliocostalis, Longissimus, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Spinalis) 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 External Intercostals 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Heart 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Internal Intercostals 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Interspinales (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar) 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Intertransversarii (Cervical, Thoracic, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Lumbar) 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Latissimus Dorsi Origin 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Levator Scapula 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Levatores Costorum 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Lung 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Mamillary Tissue 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Middle and Lower Fiber Trapezius 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Multifidi (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar) 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Quadratus Lumborum 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Rhomboids 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Rotatores (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar) 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Semispinalis (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar) 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Serratus Anterior (Costal Origin) 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Serratus Posterior Inferior 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Serratus Posterior Superior 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Splenius (Capitus, Cervicis) 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Subclavius 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Suboccipital: Obliquus Capitis Inferior 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Suboccipital: Obliquus Capitis Superior 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Suboccipital: Rectus CapitIs Posterior Major 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Suboccipital: Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Supraspinous/Nuchal Ligament 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Supraspinous Ligament (Thoracic, Lumbar) 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Thoracolumbar Fascia 
               
               
                 3 
                 Spine and Thorax 
                 Upper Fiber Trapezius 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Anterior Auricular 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Anterior Scalene 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Aryepiglottic 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Brain 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Buccinator 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Ciliary Muscle 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Coronalis 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Corrugator Supercilii 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Cricothyroid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Depressor Anguli Oris 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Depressor Labii Inferioris 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Digastric 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Dilator Muscle 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Epicranius 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Frontolacrimalis 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Frontomaxilaris 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Frontonasalis 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Frontozygomatica 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Genioglossus 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Geniohyoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Hyoglossus 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Inferior Longitudinal 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Lacrimomaxillaris Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Lambdoid Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Lateral Cricoarytenoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Lateral Pterygoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Levator Anguli Oris 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Levator Labii Superiores Aleque Nasi 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Levator Labii Superioris 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Levator Palpebrae Superioris 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Levator Veli Palati 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Masseter 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Medial Pterygoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Mentalis 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Middle Scalene 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Musculus Uvulae 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Mylohyoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Nasalis 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Nasomaxillaris Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Oblique Arytenoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Occipitimastoid Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Omohyoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Orbicularis Oculi 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Orbicularis Oris 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Palatoglossus 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Palatoglossus 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Palatopharyngeus 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Parathyroid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Parietomastoid Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Parotid Gland 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Platysma 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 porus acusticus externus 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Posterior Auricular 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Posterior Cricoarytenoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Posterior Scalene 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Procerus 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Risorius 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Salpingopharyngeus 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Sphenofrontalis Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Sphenosquamosa Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Sphenozygomatic Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Sphincter Pupillae 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Squamomastoid Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Squamous Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Stapedius 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Sternocleidomastoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Sternohyoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Sternothyroid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Styloglossus 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Stylohyoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Stylopharyngeus 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Superior Auricular 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Superior Longitudinal 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Superior Tarsal 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Temporalis 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Temporozygomatic Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Tensor Tympani 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Tensor Veli Palati 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Thyroarytenoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Thyroepiglottic 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Thyrohyoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Thyroid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Transverse 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Transverse Arytenoid 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Vertical 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Vocalis 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Zygomaticomaxillaris Suture 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Zygomaticus Major 
               
               
                 4 
                 Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck 
                 Zygomaticus Minor 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Abdominals: External Obliques 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Abdominals: Internal Obliques 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Abdominals: Rectus Abdominus 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Abdominals: Transversus Abdominus 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Anterior Sacral Ligaments 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Appendix 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Ascending Colon 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Bladder 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Bulbospongiosis External 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Cecum 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Coccygeal Ligament 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Cremaster 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Deep Transverse Perineal 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Descending Colon 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Duodenum 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Esophagus 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 External Urethral Sphinter 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Gall Bladder 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Iliocecal Valve 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Iliococcygeus (Levator Ani) 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Iliolumbar Ligament 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Illium 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Inguinal Ligament 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Ischiocavernosis External 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Ischiococcygeus 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Jejunum 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Kidneys 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Levator Ani External 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Liver 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Mesentery 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Mons Pubis 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Obturator Internus (Proximal ⅓ Origin) 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Omentum 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Ovaries 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Pancreas 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Posterior Sacral Ligaments 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Prostate 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Proximal Hamstrings Origin 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Pubococcygeus (Levator Ani) 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Puborectalis (Levator Ani) 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Pyrimidalis 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Rectum 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Sacrospinous Ligament 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Sacrotuberous Ligament 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Sigmoid Colon 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Sphinter Urethrae 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Spleen 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Stomach 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Superficial Transverse Perineal 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Transverse Colon 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Transverse Perineal External 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Uereters 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Urethrovaginalis 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pelvic, Abdominal and Visceral 
                 Uterus 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 39  shows a logical process  3900  for ascertaining a taxonomical system that classifies the human body into components of System:Segment:Structure. The classification is primarily based upon blood supply to discrete occlusale structures. In this regard, it is possible to locate or divide 3902 the human body into major arterial supplies for the appendicular skeleton including the lower extremity and upper extremity and pelvis; together with the axial skeleton including the head, skull, spine and thorax. These may be classified as: (1) SYSTEM 1 ( 3904 ) starting at the major dividing branch of the Abdominal Aorta, the Common Iliac Arteries being the largest bifurcations mark the beginning of SYSTEM 1; SYSTEM 2 ( 3906 ) starting at the major dividing branch of the Subclavian Artery, the Axillary Artery being among the largest bifurcations mark the beginning of SYSTEM 2; SYSTEM 3 ( 3908 ) starting at the major posterior dividing branches of the Aorta, the Descending Aorta and the Internal Iliac are the beginning of SYSTEM 3; SYSTEM 4 ( 3910 ) starting at the major dividing branches of the Cranium, Face and Anterior Neck the Common Carotid Artery marks the beginning of SYSTEM 4; and SYSTEM 5 ( 3912 ) starting at the major anterior dividing branches of the Aorta, the Abdominal Aorta and the Internal Iliac Artery this is the beginning of SYSTEM 5. 
     Then in the next stage  3914  of classification, each System is subdivided  3916  into Segments based upon major upstream arteries. The Segments that are identified in this manner are given an identifier as part of the system of taxonomy. In some cases there will be more than one major arteries that feed blood to a discrete Segment. In this instance  3918 , the Segment may be divided into subclasses by use of an additional identifier, such as a numeric identifier followed by an alphanumeric component indicating a Segment having a plurality of arterial blood supplies. By way of example, Superior versus Inferior Gluteals have different arterial supplies. 
     Once the Segments are located in the manner described above, the next phase  3920  includes subdividing  3922  each Segment into Structures. This subclassification may proceed by identifying discrete occlusale Structures on branches that are supplied by the common upstream artery for each Segment. Each Structure that is identified in this manner may be labeled with an identifier for use in the system of taxonomy. The Structures for each Segment may be ordered  3924  be based upon natural muscular attachment sites and fascial connections for the Structures. 
       FIG. 40  demonstrates preferred aspects of the compression plus guide technique. As show in this example, a practitioner&#39;s fingers are positioned at a hand placement point (HP1)  4000 . The technique is being incorrectly performed because the fingers are placed directly on the femoral artery. Hand placement of activation points are always placed adjacent to the artery using the suggested vector to create the manual tourniquet by use of tension at 90 degrees. A more preferred hand placement would be off of the femoral artery with occlusion being enhanced by a glide along vector  4002  at an angle of approximately 90° to the axis of elongation in the femoral artery at the activation point. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments shown and described may be subjected to insubstantial changes without departing from the true scope and spirit of what is claimed as the invention. The inventor, accordingly, states her intentions to rely upon the Doctrine of Equivalents as needed in protecting her rights to the invention. 
     REFERENCES 
     The following references provide additional information on reperfusion injuries and the treatment thereof, and are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as though fully replicated herein.
     Anderson, J. E. (2000). A Role for Nitric Oxide in Muscle Repair: Nitric Oxide-mediated Activation of Muscle Satellite Cells. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 11(5), 1859-1874.   Anrather, J., &amp; Hallenbeck, J. M. (2013). Biological Networks in Ischemic Tolerance—Rethinking the Approach to Clinical Conditioning. Transl. Stroke Res. Translational Stroke Research, 4(1), 114-129.   Bestwick, C. S., Maffuli, N. (2004). Reactive oxygen species and tendinopathy: Do they matter? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(6), 672-674.   Blake, D., Unsworth, J., Outhwaite, J., Morris, C., Merry, P., Kidd, B., Lunec, J. (1989). Hypoxic-Reperfusion Injury In The Inflamed Human Joint. The Lancet, 333(8633), 289-293.   Breig, A., &amp; Troup, J. D. (1979). Biomechanical Considerations in the Straight-Leg-Raising Test Cadaveric and Clinical Studies of the Effects of Medial Hip Rotation, Spine, 4(3), 242-570.   Butler, D., &amp; Gifford, L. (1989). The Concept of Adverse Mechanical Tension in the Nervous System. Physiotherapy, 75(11), 622-636.   Butler, D. S. (1991). Mobilisation of the nervous system. London: Churchill Livingstone.   Burda, J., Danielisová, V., Némethová, M., Gottlieb, M., Matiašová, M., Domoráková, I., Burda, R. (2006). Delayed Postconditioning Initiates Additive Mechanism Necessary for Survival of Selectively Vulnerable Neurons After Transient Ischemia in Rat Brain. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Cell Mol Neurobiol, 26(7-8), 1139-1149.   Cherry-Allen, K. M., Gidday, J. M., Lee, J., Hershey, T., &amp; Lang, C. E. (2015). Remote limb ischemic conditioning enhances motor learning in healthy humans. Journal of Neurophysiology J Neurophysiol, 113(10), 3708-3719.   Cyriax, J. (1942). Perineuritis. British Medical Journal, 1(4244), 578-580.   Elvey, R. (1980). Brachial plexus tension tests for the pathoanatomical origin of arm pain (R. Idczak, Ed.). 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