Patent Publication Number: US-2022211555-A1

Title: Tampon for feminine hygiene

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an elongate absorbent tampon for feminine hygiene, more specifically to tampon with fluid transport elements, and a process for forming said tampon. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Devices for intravaginally capturing and storing bodily fluid are commercially available and known in the literature. Intravaginal tampons for feminine hygiene are the most common example of such devices. Commercially available tampons are generally compressed cylindrical masses of absorbent fibers that may be contained by an absorbent or nonabsorbent cover layer. 
     The tampon is inserted into the human vagina and retained there for a time for the purpose of capturing and storing intravaginal bodily fluids, most commonly menstrual fluid. As intravaginal bodily fluid contacts the tampon, it should be absorbed and retained by the absorbent material of the tampon. After a time, the tampon and its retained fluid is removed and disposed, and if necessary, another tampon is inserted. 
     A drawback often encountered with commercially available tampons is the tendency toward premature failure, which may be defined as bodily fluid leakage from the vagina while the tampon is in place, and before the tampon is completely saturated with the bodily fluid. The patent art typically describes a problem believed to occur that an unexpanded, compressed tampon is unable to immediately absorb fluid. Therefore, it presumes that premature leakage may occur when bodily fluid contacts a portion of the compressed tampon, and the fluid is not readily absorbed. The bodily fluid may bypass the tampon. 
     One way to prevent premature leakage from occurring is to provide designed pathways for fluid moving along the outer tampon surface. While this increase to the pathways may improve the fluid absorption, adding grooves during the manufacturing process can raise process issues. The prior art is replete with examples of attempts to incorporate grooves into tampons. Often new steps are added to an already complicated manufacturing process or the process is not fully described. 
     EP2712594B1 by JOHNSON &amp; JOHNSON GmbH purports to disclose an intravaginal tampon for capturing menstrual fluid from human vagina, utilized for feminine hygiene application, having groove forms including turn unit proximate to insertion end and withdrawal end of cylindrical absorbent pledget. 
     EP2712595B1 by JOHNSON &amp; JOHNSON GmbH purports to disclose an intra-vaginal tampon for feminine hygiene, the absorbent pledget is provided with continuous groove form comprising longitudinal groove segments linked to form turn located alternatively proximate to insertion and withdrawal ends. 
     EP2712596B1 by JOHNSON &amp; JOHNSON GmbH purports to disclose a method for forming compressed tampon for feminine hygiene, said method involves extending pressing face of a first penetrating die beyond pressing face of a second die towards end of pledget, such that die pass through same space to form groove form. 
     WO2018220587 by JOHNSON &amp; JOHNSON GmbH purports to disclose an apparatus for manufacturing an intravaginal tampon including a tampon press having a plurality of elongate press dies disposed about a central press axis to form a press cavity and a cylindrical carrier having a diameter less than that of the predetermined finished diameter of the intravaginal tampon. The elongate press dies include a plurality of longitudinal penetrating dies, each having a pressing face notch disposed proximate a first end thereof and an end notch disposed on an edge perpendicular to the pressing face at the opposite, second end thereof that cooperates with corresponding notches in an adjacent penetrating die. 
     Another way to overcome this problem of premature leakage, has been to incorporate extra elements into a basic tampon to try to direct and control the flow of fluid toward the absorbent core. 
     EP1748750B1 by JOHNSON &amp; JOHNSON CONSUMER INC purports to disclose a fluid management device comprising fluid storage element and fluid transport element positioned within human vagina and comprising first and second plates for capturing bodily fluid in mammalian body. 
     EP1755514B1 by JOHNSON &amp; JOHNSON CONSUMER COMPANIES, INC purports to disclose an intravaginal device having a fluid transport element with two plates, at least one of which has apertured film, and is bendable about axis parallel to longitudinal axis of fluid storage element, for capturing and storing body fluid. 
     EP1755515B1 by JOHNSON &amp; JOHNSON CONSUMER INC purports to disclose a fluid management device for use in mammalian body that comprises fluid transport element providing uninterrupted fluid conduit to fluid storage element and comprising sheet-like first plate with outwardly and inwardly oriented surfaces 
     EP1758537B1 by JOHNSON &amp; JOHNSON CONSUMER COMPANIES, INC purports to disclose an intravaginal device for capturing intravaginal bodily fluid, comprising fluid storage element and fluid transport element comprising flexible plate. 
     EP1765243B1 by JOHNSON &amp; JOHNSON CONSUMER COMPANIES, INC purport to disclose an intravaginal device, e.g. tampon, for capturing and storing bodily fluid, that has bendable fluid transport element comprising two plates, and fluid storage element having longitudinal axis and in fluid communication with fluid transport element. 
     Yet another way to overcome this problem of premature leakage, has been to incorporate a channel from the insertion tip of a basic tampon to try to direct and control the flow of fluid toward the absorbent core. 
     Example of such prior art can be found in the tampon sold by DM under the brand Jessa in Germany and is called by the supplier a “safety channel”. Said channels are narrower, typically 10% or less, than the tampon diameter. 
     While all these solutions provided by the prior art may reduce the risk of premature leakage, there is always a need from the consumers to improve the absorbent tampon construction to further decrease said leakage risk. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Surprisingly, we have found a novel way to address the problem of premature failure by combining two technologies that seem structurally incompatible. Tampons for feminine hygiene according to this invention have a compressed dome at the insertion end that expands even if covered by a fluid transport element that is attached to the longitudinal surfaces. 
     In our invention, we expand the insertion end of the tampon for quick absorption of large amount of fluid and deploy a fluid transport element to direct the fluid and minimize local saturation of the elongate tampon pledget. In our invention the insertion end of the tampon pledget is neat and aesthetically appealing and comfortable for the consumer. Our invention also is effective for handling highly viscous menstrual fluid. 
     In one aspect of the invention, an absorbent tampon for feminine hygiene includes a radially compressed, elongate tampon pledget and a fluid transport element. The elongate tampon pledget includes a domed insertion end, a withdrawal end comprising a withdrawal element, and a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves disposed along longitudinal surfaces of the elongate tampon pledget. At least a portion of the longitudinally extending grooves extend into the domed insertion end thereof. The fluid transport element includes an apertured polymeric film sheet disposed over the insertion end and attached to the elongate tampon pledget through a plurality of attachment zones extending along the longitudinal surfaces thereof. It also has a plurality of distal pleats to provide elements capable of extending away from the longitudinal surfaces of the elongate tampon pledget and a headspace between the domed insertion end and the apertured polymeric film sheet. A distance measured along an outer surface of the elongate tampon pledget over a longitudinal axis of the domed insertion end from an end of a first attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end to an end of a second attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end on an opposite surface defines a pledget dome length; a distance measured along an inner surface of the apertured polymeric film sheet over a longitudinal axis of the domed insertion end from the end of the first attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end to the end of a second attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end on the opposite surface defines a film length. The film length is greater than the pledget dome length. 
     In another aspect of the present invention, a process for forming an absorbent tampon for feminine hygiene includes radially compressing an elongate tampon blank, doming the insertion end of the elongate tampon pledget, and arranging a fluid transport element over the insertion end and attaching the fluid transport element to the elongate tampon pledget. The fluid transport element includes an apertured polymeric film sheet disposed over the insertion end and attached to the elongate tampon pledget through a plurality of attachment zones extending along the longitudinal surfaces thereof and further comprising a plurality of distal pleats to provide elements capable of extending away from the longitudinal surfaces of the elongate tampon pledget and a headspace between the domed insertion end and the apertured polymeric film sheet. A distance, measured along an outer surface of the elongate tampon pledget over a longitudinal axis of the domed insertion end, from an end of a first attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end, to an end of a second attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end, on an opposite surface defines a pledget dome length, and a distance, measured along an inner surface of the apertured polymeric film sheet over a longitudinal axis of the domed insertion end, from the end of the first attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end, to the end of a second attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end, on the opposite surface defines a film length. The film length is greater than the pledget dome length. 
     Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent in those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
         FIG. 1  is a side view of an absorbent tampon for feminine hygiene according to the present invention with outwardly extending fluid transport elements and a visible headspace. 
         FIG. 2 . Is a side view of the absorbent tampon of  FIG. 1  with fluid transport elements wrapped around the elongate tampon pledget. 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-section of the absorbent tampon of  FIG. 2  along line A-A with outer wraps of the fluid transport element removed for clarity. 
         FIG. 4  is a side view of an absorbent tampon for feminine hygiene according to the present invention with fluid transport elements wrapped around the elongate tampon pledget and a portion of an apertured polymeric film sheet tucked into a cavity disposed in the insertion end of the elongate tampon pledget. 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-section of the absorbent tampon of  FIG. 4  along line B-B. 
         FIG. 6  is an expanded view of a portion of two plates the fluid transport element between pleats of the apertured polymeric film sheet. 
         FIG. 7  is a cross section of an absorbent tampon for feminine hygiene deployed within a human vagina. 
         FIG. 8  is a side view of an elongate tampon pledget useful in the practice of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a press useful in the method of the present invention with some elements removed for increased clarity of the illustrated press elements. 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of three of the press dies of the tampon press of the present invention including two penetrating dies and an intermediate shaping die, that together form a pair of penetrating groove segments that define a discrete surface zone. 
         FIG. 11  is a cross-section of the central portion of a press in an open position with outer portions broken away for increased clarity of the central press portion. 
         FIG. 12  is an enlarged cross-section view of the press during an initial compression step showing the penetrating die tips crossing into adjacent recesses. 
         FIG. 13  is a cross section of the press of  FIG. 12  showing penetrating dies with crossing tips and shaping dies disposed therebetween. 
         FIG. 14  is a top view of an absorbent tampon as it would appear during use with initial fluid absorption and expansion of the domed insertion end thereof. 
         FIG. 15  is a top view of an absorbent tampon of the present invention showing a portion of the apertured polymeric film sheet tucked into a cavity in the domed insertion end of the elongate tampon pledget. 
         FIG. 16  is a schematic view of several steps in a process according to the present invention that creates and maintains a cavity in the insertion end of the elongate tampon pledget. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     As used in the specification and the claims, the term “pledget” and variants thereof relate to a pad or a compress of absorbent material such as fibers designed to absorb bodily fluids. 
     As used herein in the specification and the claims, the term “bodily fluid” and variants thereof mean bodily exudates, especially liquids that are produced by, secreted by, emanate from, and/or discharged from a human body. In particular, menstrual fluid. 
     As used herein in the specification and the claims, the term “fluids” and variants thereof relate to liquids, and especially bodily fluids. 
     As used herein in the specification and the claims, the term “sheet” and variants thereof relates to a portion of something that is thin in comparison to its length and breadth. 
     As used herein in the specification and the claims, the term “parallel plate” and variants thereof relates to a system of at least two relatively parallel sheets that are capable of moving fluids through inter-plate capillary action. The individual “plates” in the system may be flexible and/or resilient in order to move within their environment. However, they may be maintained in a substantially facing relationship with relatively constant separation at least in a localized portion of their structure (as compared with their relative length and width). Thus, two sheets could be fluted, but if the flutes are “nested”, the sheets would generally remain generally parallel in any given localized portion. 
     As used herein in the specification and the claims, the term “in fluid communication” and variants thereof relate to elements that are arranged and configured to allow fluid to move therebetween. The fluid movement may be by interfiber capillary movement, intrafiber capillary movement, osmotic pressure, interplate capillary action, mechanical channeling, and the like. 
     As used in the specification and the claims, the term “self-sustaining shape” and variants thereof relate to a tampon pledget that is compressed and/or shaped to assume a general shape and size that is dimensionally stable. For example, a digital tampon that has a self-sustaining shape will generally maintain its shape after a primary package or overwrap is removed and will generally maintain such shape for vaginal insertion. It will be recognized that the tampon is intended to absorb bodily fluids, and may substantially change shape during use as it absorbs such fluids. 
     As used herein the specification and the claims, the term “groove” and variants thereof relate to an indention into the surface of the tampon. For clarification, grooves may be “penetrating grooves”, extending at least 0.7 mm (or 10% of the radius, whichever is greater) into the tampon. Regions between grooves may take the form of ribs. 
     As used herein the specification and the claims, the term “groove form” and variants thereof relates to a groove or combination of groove segments that are connected in a visibly identifiable manner to provide a unique detached feature at least on the surface of the tampon pledget. 
     As used herein the specification and the claims, the term “turn” and variants thereof relates to a portion of the groove form in which the groove and/or groove elements reverse(s) upon itself/themselves in a substantially U-shaped or a substantially V-shaped configuration. A “turn” can also have a generally linear extension from the intersection, such as a substantially Y-shaped configuration. 
     As used herein the specification and the claims, the term “major axis” and variants thereof relating to the groove form is defined by the shortest line connecting the most distant points of the groove form. Generally, this major axis will pass through at least one turn proximate to one end of the pledget. 
     As used herein the specification and the claims, the term “longitudinal axis” and variants thereof relate to an axis that runs from the insertion end to the withdrawal end substantially through the center of the tampon. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1-3 , the present invention provides an absorbent tampon  10  for feminine hygiene having a radially compressed, elongate tampon pledget  12  and a fluid transport element  14 . The elongate tampon pledget  12  has a domed insertion end  16 , a withdrawal end  18  comprising a withdrawal element  20 , and a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves  22  disposed along longitudinal surfaces  24  of the elongate tampon pledget  12 . At least a portion  22   a  of the longitudinally extending grooves  22  extend into the domed insertion end  16 . The fluid transport element  14  is formed of an apertured polymeric film sheet  26  disposed over the insertion end  16  and attached to the elongate tampon pledget  12  through a plurality of attachment zones  28  extending along the longitudinal surfaces  24  thereof. The fluid transport element is folded to provide a plurality of proximal pleats  30  at least partially in the attachment zones  28  for securing the fluid transport element  14  to the elongate tampon pledget  12  and a plurality of distal pleats  32  to provide elements capable of extending away from the longitudinal surfaces  24  of the elongate tampon pledget  12  forming first and second plates  34 ,  36  that combine to provide sets of parallel plates  38  (see  FIG. 5 ). 
     In addition, the attachment between the fluid transport element  14  and elongate tampon pledget  12  provides a headspace  40  between the domed insertion end  16  and the apertured polymeric film sheet  26 . The headspace is provided by maintaining excess film sheet  42  centered over the domed insertion end  16 . This can be described by (1) measuring a distance L PD  measured on an outer surface  44  of the elongate tampon pledget  12  over the longitudinal axis “x” of the domed insertion end  16  from an end  46  of a first attachment zone  28 ′ nearest the domed insertion end  16  to an end  48  of a second attachment zone  28 ″ nearest the domed insertion end  16  on an opposite surface which distance defines a pledget dome length; (2) measuring a distance L F  along an inner surface  50  of the apertured polymeric film sheet  26  over the longitudinal axis “x” of the domed insertion end  16  from the end  46  of a first attachment zone  28 ′ nearest the domed insertion end  16  to the end  48  of a second attachment zone  28 ″ nearest the domed insertion end  16  on the opposite surface defines a film length; and (3) maintaining a film length L F  greater than the pledge dome length L PD  to result in a positive value of a headspace length L H  (=L F −L PD ). 
     Fluid Transport Elements 
     The fluid transport elements include an apertured polymeric film sheet folded to form proximal pleats  30  and distal pleats  32 . As these pleats bring two portions of the apertured polymeric film sheet in facing relationship, parallel plates  34 ,  36  are formed. The apertured polymeric film sheet forming the plates can be made of almost any hydrophobic or hydrophilic material, preferably sheet-like. The thickness of each plate is not critical. However, it can preferably be selected from the range of from about 0.005 to about 0.050 inch. The materials of construction and the thickness of the plates should be designed so that they are sufficiently stiff and/or resistant to wet collapse when exposed to fluid. 
     Materials useful for forming the fluid transport element may have properties such as thermobondability to provide means to incorporate it into the absorbent tampon. A representative, non-limiting list of useful materials includes polyolefins, such as polypropylene and polyethylene; polyolefin copolymers, such as ethylenevinyl acetate (“EVA”), ethylene-propylene, ethyleneacrylates, and ethylene-acrylic acid and salts thereof; halogenated polymers; polyesters and polyester copolymers; polyamides and polyamide copolymers; polyurethanes and polyurethane copolymers; polystyrenes and polystyrene copolymers; and the like. Examples of films having apertures include for example, three-dimensional apertured films, as disclosed in Thompson, U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,135, and Turi et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,567,376, as well as two-dimensional reticulated film, such as that described in Kelly, U.S. Pat. No. 4,381,326. 
     It may be helpful to keep the exposed surface of the fluid transport element as smooth as possible. It may also be helpful to provide it with a low coefficient of friction. These characteristics may provide at least two benefits: (1) the force required to insert the absorbent tampon is reduced, and (2) it reduces the damage otherwise caused by scraping of soft, tender vaginal tissue during insertion, wearing and removal. 
     The parallel plates can have any physical structure to provide a resistance to fluid flow vector in the direction parallel to the inwardly oriented surface of the first plate and the first surface of the second plate that is less than the resistance to fluid flow vector in the direction perpendicular to the plates. Preferably, the plates are made from any relatively smooth material, such as apertured polymeric films. 
     The fluid transport element  14  should be strong enough to prevent rupturing during handling, insertion, and removal and to withstand vaginal pressures during use. 
     It is preferable that the surface of at least one of the plates of the fluid transport element  14  is sufficiently wettable by the bodily fluids that the absorbent tampon  10  is intended to collect (this results largely from a correlation of the surface energy of the plate surface and the bodily fluid(s)). Thus, the bodily fluid will easily wet the plate, and capillarity between the plates will draw these bodily fluids from a source to an elongate tampon pledget that is in fluid communication with the fluid transport element. 
     Surface treatments can be used to modify the surface energy of the plates  34 ,  36 . In a preferred embodiment a surfactant is applied to increase the wettability of the outer or inner surfaces of the parallel plates. This will increase the rate at which the bodily fluids are drawn into and spread between a pair of plates. The surfactant can be applied uniformly to either the inner or outer surfaces or it could be applied with varying coating weights in different regions. 
     A useful measure to determine the wettability of a plate surface is its contact angle with 1.0% saline. Preferably, the contact angle with 1.0% saline is less than about 90 degrees. 
     In order to accomplish this, the materials of plates can be chosen from those materials that are known in the art to have low energy surfaces. It is also possible and useful to coat materials that have high-energy surfaces with a surface additive, such as a non-ionic surfactant (e.g., ethoxylates), a diol, or mixtures thereof, in order to increase their wettability by bodily fluids. Such additives are well known in the art, and examples include those described in Yang et al., US App. No. 2002-0123731-A1, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,055. Other means of increasing wettability can also be used, such as by corona discharge treatment of, for example, polyethylene or polypropylene, or by caustic etching of, for example, polyester. 
     The parallel plates forming the fluid transport element can be of any flexibility as long as the material is able to transport fluid to the elongate tampon pledget while the device is in use. It is preferable that the fluid transport element be sufficiently flexible to provide the user with comfort while inserting, wearing and removing the device. 
     Preferably, each plate has a plurality of openings distributed throughout. An example of openings distributed throughout is an apertured film. The distribution can be uniform or arranged to provide regions of higher open area and regions of lower open area. For example, a plurality of openings or apertures  52  may extend through at least one of the first and second plates  34 ,  36 . These apertures  52  may extend completely through the plate and may be present in both of the plates. The apertures  52  allow fluid that contacts the outward surface of the first plate  34  or the opposite surface of the second plate  36  to flow into the inter-plate capillary gap  54  between the plates with as little restriction as possible. In the example of apertured film, it is preferred that the total surface area of the plate occupied by the openings is from about 5% to preferably about 50%. More preferably, it will be from about 25% to about 45%. Having this much open area formed in a plate will allow fluid that is deposited on that plate to easily flow into the inter-plate capillary gap  54 . 
     The plates are configured and arranged to allow the introduction of bodily fluids to separate a plate from adjacent plate(s). Optionally, one or more spacer elements can be inserted to establish and to maintain space between adjacent plates  34 ,  36 . Spacer elements can be thickened portions of the plate material or deformations of the plate material. A representative list of such an integral spacer element includes, without limitation, nubbles, embossments, corrugations, deformations, and the like. Included in this definition are surface treatments that permanently bond a secondary material to a surface of a first. One example of a deformation is provided as the sidewalls  58  of a “three-dimensional” polymeric apertured formed film material shown in an enlarged view in  FIG. 6 . First and second plates  34 ,  36  made from apertured film with the sidewalls  58  facing each other as the inward surface of the first plate  34  and the inward surface of the second plate  36  can be used to increase the texture in order to break up the viscosity of the fluid being transported. 
     It is preferable that any individual opening is large enough to easily pass any highly viscous material, including menstrual fluid. While the geometry of the openings is not critical, the openings  52  should be sized sufficient to allow easy passage of non-absorbable material. If the apertures  52  are not circular, then the measurement should be made across the narrowest part of the opening, which would be most restrictive to the flow of non-absorbable material. 
     The first and second plates  34 ,  36  are extensions of the same sheet-like material, e.g., formed by a fold in a sheet of material. In such a folded embodiment, the material is folded to form a pleat with the first and second plates facing each other. 
     The fluid transport element  14  is in fluid communication with the elongate tampon pledget  12  and directs fluid from the vagina to the elongate tampon pledget  12 . Generally, fluid will be directed from each fluid transport element  14  to a particular region of the elongate tampon pledget associated with that fluid transport element. 
     While the above description provides for direct fluid communication between a fluid transport element  14  and the elongate tampon pledget  12 , direct fluid contact is not necessary. There can be fluid communication through an intermediate element, such as a porous medium (e.g., a foam or fibrous structure), a hollow tube, and the like. 
     The fluid transport element  14  may extend in any orientation from the surface of the elongate tampon pledget  12 . It is not necessary for the fluid transport element to be on the surface of the elongate tampon pledget. 
     The fluid transport element  14  may be formed to extend from the surface of the elongate tampon pledget  12  as in  FIGS. 1-7 . It can be made in any convenient shape, including semicircular, triangular, square, hourglass etc. Additionally, the two plates of the element do not have to be completely coextensive, as long as they are at least partially in a facing relationship. In an alternative embodiment, the withdrawal string  20  could be replaced by a pair or another combination of ribbon-like parallel plates (not shown). Parallel plates can be held in close proximity to the elongate tampon pledget in a variety of ways including directly or indirectly via an additional element to the elongate tampon pledget. A variety of methods can be used to attach the fluid transport element  14  including but not limited to heat, adhesive, ultrasonics, sewing, and mechanically engaging the elongate tampon pledget  12 . 
     During use, fluid transport element(s)  14  can take on many configurations within the vagina. For example, a distal pleat  32  fluid transport element  14  may extend into the vagina away from the elongate tampon pledget  12 , as shown in  FIG. 7 . Alternatively, the fluid transport element(s)  14  may remain wound about the elongate tampon pledget  12 , contacting the vaginal wall “W” only through the outwardly oriented surface. 
     Elongate Tampon Pledget 
     The tampon of the present invention has reduced opportunity for bodily fluid to flow along the surface without being absorbed into the tampon pledget due to at least two detached groove forms each having a generally longitudinal orientation, a length (measured along the groove) that is at least 150% of the length of the pledget, and a turn proximate to at least one of an insertion end and a withdrawal end. The detached groove forms provide visually distinct zones with different bodily fluid handling characteristics. In addition, the turn proximate to at least one end of the tampon provides at least two groove paths for the fluid to follow to be distributed to different portions of the tampon pledget. Thus, not only does the present invention provide tampons with a plurality of grooves, recognized by the prior art as providing improved fluid handling characteristics, but it also provides either fully or partially closed absorption zones that visually communicate functional benefits to the user, including absorbent reservoirs to better contain bodily fluids in the tampon. 
     A preferred embodiment of the elongate tampon pledget  12  includes a plurality of detached groove forms  62  arranged about the outer surface of the elongate tampon pledget  12 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 8 , the detached groove forms  62  each comprise a pair of groove segments  64 ,  68  that intersect to create a turn  68  proximate to both the insertion end  16  and the withdrawal end  18  of the elongate tampon pledget  12  to provide discrete surface zones  70  bounded by the encircling groove forms  62 . In addition, a continuation  22   a  of one detached groove form extends beyond each turn  68 . 
     The elongate absorbent pledget includes a mass of fibers compressed into a self-sustaining shape. The pledget may also include additional absorbent materials such as foam, superabsorbent, hydrogels, and the like. Preferred absorbent material for the present invention includes foam and fiber. Absorbent foams may include hydrophilic foams, foams which are readily wetted by aqueous fluids as well as foams in which the cell walls that form the foam themselves absorb fluid. 
     Preferably, the materials employed in the formation of a tampon according to the present invention include fiber, foam, hydrogels, wood pulp, superabsorbents, and the like. A useful, non-limiting list of useful absorbent body fibers includes natural fibers such as cotton, wood pulp, jute, and the like; and processed fibers such as regenerated cellulose, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, rayon, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyolefin, polyamine, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, and the like. Other fibers in addition to the above fibers may be included to add desirable characteristics to the absorbent body. Preferably, tampon fibers are rayon, cotton, or blends thereof, and more preferably, the fibers are rayon. The fibers may have any useful cross-section. 
     Fiber cross-sections include multi-limbed and non-limbed. Multi-limbed, regenerated cellulosic fibers have been commercially available for a number of years. These fibers are known to possess increased specific absorbency over non-limbed fibers. A commercial example of these fibers is the Galaxy® multilimbed viscose rayon fibers available from Kelheim Fibres GmbH, Kelheim, Germany. These fibers are described in detail in Wilkes et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,458,835, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Preferably, the fibers include hydrophilic fibers, and more preferably, the fibers include absorbent fibers, i.e., the individual fibers, themselves, absorb fluid. A non-limiting list of useful tampon fibers includes natural fibers such as cotton, wood pulp, jute, hemp, and the like; and processed fibers such as regenerated cellulose, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, rayon, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyolefin, polyamine, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, and the like. Other fibers in addition to the above fibers may be included to add desirable characteristics to the absorbent body. For example, hydrophobic fibers may be used in outer surfaces of the tampon to reduce surface wetness and hydrophilic fibers may be used to increase the rate of fluid transport into and throughout the body. 
     The pledget includes a mass of fibers substantially enclosed by a sheet-like cover material fluid-permeable cover. Thus, the cover encloses a majority of the outer surface of the tampon. This may be achieved as disclosed in Friese, U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,100, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. In addition, either or both ends of the tampon may be enclosed by the cover. Of course, for processing or other reasons, some portions of the surface of the tampon may be free of the cover. For example, the insertion end of the tampon and a portion of the cylindrical surface adjacent this end may be exposed, without the cover to allow the tampon to more readily accept fluids. 
     The cover can ease the insertion of the tampon into the body cavity and can reduce the possibility of fibers being separated from the tampon. Useful covers are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and they are generally dimensionally stable with low elongation in both the machine and cross-direction. They may be selected from an outer layer of fibers which are fused together (such as by thermobonding), a nonwoven fabric, an apertured film, or the like. Preferably, the cover has a hydrophobic finish. 
     While liquid permeable covers are beneficial additions to radially-compressed tampons, their dimensional stability can produce some processing challenges. For example, radially compressing a cylindrical tampon blank having a dimensionally stable cover disposed about the cylindrical outer surface can result in cover wrinkles or loose cover extending from the outer surface of the compressed tampon pledget. Therefore, many processes involving radial compression of a tampon blank account for this by folding or tucking the cover material into grooves or folds that penetrate relatively deeply into the absorbent structure. 
     A process useful in the formation of an intravaginal tampon for feminine hygiene of the present invention with grooved zones begins with an open fibrous structure. The open structure may be a nonwoven fibrous web, a mass of randomly or substantially uniformly oriented fibers and optional materials, such as foams, or particles, and the like. This mass is then manipulated to form a tampon blank. 
     A nonwoven web useful in the present invention can be formed in any manner desired by the person of ordinary skill in the art. For example, fibers can be opened and/or blended by continuously metering them into a saw-tooth opener. The blended fibers can be transported, e.g., by air through a conduit to a carding station to form a fibrous web. Alternatively, a mass of substantially randomly oriented fibers can be formed by opening and/or blending them, transporting them, as above, to a station to form, e.g., a teabag-type tampon blank. Further processes may employ oriented fibers in a fibrous tow. 
     The tampon blank can be further processed to form a tampon. In a tampon forming process, a web can be formed into a narrow, fibrous sliver and convolutely wound to form a tampon blank. In addition, a liquid-permeable cover material can be wrapped around the tampon blank to substantially contain the fibrous absorbent portion of the tampon. It may be desired to process the fibrous sliver with selective needle-punching of the sliver as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,845,055 to Kimball et al., the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , the elongate tampon pledget for feminine hygiene of  FIG. 8  having a predetermined finished diameter can be formed in a press  100  having (1) a generally cylindrical press cavity  102  having a central press axis  104  and a substantially cylindrical circumference and (2) a plurality of elongate press dies. A partially broken-away perspective view of the press  100  is shown in  FIG. 10 . This figure includes only seven of sixteen press dies and a portion of the press cam removed for clarity. The press dies may include penetrating dies  106  having pressing faces for defining a set of penetrating grooves that extend into the finished tampon pledget and shaping dies  108  for forming surface features, including shallow grooves on the outer surface of a resulting compressed tampon pledget, or smoothing the outer surface of a resulting compressed tampon pledget, or forming a continuous diameter for guiding resulting compressed tampon pledget out of the press during the ejection step. The penetrating dies  106  and shaping dies  108  alternate about the circumference of the cylindrical press cavity. 
     The press jaws of a preferred embodiment have a first penetrating die  106   a  having a pressing face  107  and shape corresponding to groove segment  64  and a second penetrating die  106   b  having a shape corresponding to groove segment  68  (of  FIG. 8 ). As can be seen in  FIG. 10 , one end  150   a  of the first penetrating die  106   a  extends beyond the corresponding end  150   b  of the second penetrating die  106   b . Indeed, the end  150   b  of the second penetrating die  106   b  is curved toward the first penetrating die  106   a  in order to form the turn  68  in the surface of the tampon elongate tampon pledget  12  (as shown in  FIG. 8 ) proximate to the insertion end  16 . In this embodiment, the end  150   a  of the first penetrating die  106   a  corresponds to the insertion end  16  of the tampon elongate tampon pledget  12  of  FIG. 8 . 
     Turn  68  of the detached groove form  62  is formed by the intersection between groove segments  64  and  66  (see  FIG. 8 ). To form a groove form  62 , the penetrating dies  106   a , 106   b  travel on a path that crosses during the compression of the tampon blank  200  (see  FIG. 5 ) to form the elongate tampon pledget  12 . Therefore, the longer penetrating die  106   a  has a notch  152  formed (see  FIG. 10 ) proximate to, although spaced from, the end  150   a  to permit the end  150   b  of penetrating die  106   b  to pass across the path of travel of penetrating die  106   a.    
     The shaping dies  108  are shaped to accommodate the shape of the penetrating dies  106  disposed therebetween. Thus, shaping die  108   a  corresponds to the surface of the elongate tampon pledget  12  contained by the groove segments  64  and  66  and the turn  68 . 
     In this process, a substantially cylindrical tampon blank  200  is inserted into the press cavity  102  in an open position shown in  FIG. 11 , after which an initial compression step is performed. In this initial compression step, at least the penetrating dies  106  are moved into the press cavity  102  to a penetrating die closed position having a clear distance “r” (see  FIG. 12 ) from the press axis  104  that is less than the predetermined finished diameter as shown in  FIG. 13 . This causes portions of adjacent penetrating dies that form the turn to pass through the same space within the press. As shown in  FIG. 10 , this can be accomplished by forming a notch  152  in the first penetrating dies  106   a  to permit the second penetrating dies  106   b  to cross therethrough in the penetrating die closed position. This initial compression step forms the compressed fibrous core of the tampon and provides column strength for easy insertion without need for a tampon applicator, known in the art as digital insertion. 
     The tampon can be further shaped and packaged. For example, the insertion end can be formed into a hemispherical or elliptical dome shape, and the tampon can be enclosed in a primary packaging material that can also support the final shape of the tampon. 
     While the foregoing detailed embodiments describe tampons having four groove forms resulting from eight intersecting groove segments, it will be recognized that the number of groove forms and/or groove segments can be varied, as desired. There may be an even or odd number of groove forms and/or groove segments. 
     A withdrawal mechanism, such as withdrawal string  20 , is preferably joined to the absorbent tampon  10  for removal after use. The withdrawal mechanism is preferably joined to at least the elongate tampon pledget  12  and extends beyond at least its withdrawal end  18 . Any of the withdrawal strings currently known in the art may be used as a suitable withdrawal mechanism, including without limitation, braided (or twisted) cord, yarn, etc. In addition, the withdrawal mechanism can take on other forms such as a ribbon, loop, tab, or the like (including combinations of currently used mechanisms and these other forms). For example, several ribbons may be twisted or braided to provide parallel plates structures. 
     As mentioned above, the provision of sufficient “bagginess” or “headspace”—the gap between the domed insertion end  16  of the elongate tampon pledget  12  and the apertured polymeric film sheet  26  enables the domed insertion end  16  to expand similarly to the remainder of the elongate tampon pledget  12  upon absorption of bodily fluids. This contrasts with the tampons of, e.g., EP1755515B1 in which the fluid transport element closely follows the contours of the insertion end. 
     In a preferred embodiment shown in  FIG. 1-3  the headspace length L H  is at least about 10 mm. Again, the headspace is determined by the difference in the distance between the film length L F  and the pledget dome length L PD . The pledget dome length L PD  can be determined by measuring the distance along the outer surface  44  of the elongate tampon pledget  12  over the longitudinal axis “x” of the domed insertion end  16  from an end  46  of a first attachment zone  28 ′ nearest the domed insertion end  16  to an end  48  of a second attachment zone  28 ″ nearest the domed insertion end  16  on an opposite surface defines a pledget dome length. The measurement is obtained by averaging five measurements of a domed tampon insertion end using a flexible measuring tape in millimeters. The film length L F  can be determined by measuring the distance along the inner surface of the apertured polymeric film sheet from the same two attachment zone points (end  46  of a first attachment zone  28 ′ and end  48  of a first attachment zone  28 ″ after cutting the apertured polymeric film sheet at those two attachment zone points) and smoothing and laying the apertured polymeric film sheet under a thin clear holding plate, such as a 3 mm clear acrylic plate. Again, five measurements are averaged, and each measurement is taken after re-smoothing and laying the apertured polymeric film sheet under the thin clear holding plate. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the headspace length (L H =L F −L PD ) is at least about 10 mm. More preferably, the headspace length L H  is between about 10 mm and about 20 mm, and most preferably, the headspace length L H  is between about 12 mm and about 15 mm. Alternatively, the headspace may be expressed as the headspace ratio of: 
       (L H /diameter of the tampon). 
     Preferably, the headspace ratio is between about 0.6 and 1, and more preferably, the headspace ratio is between about 0.75 and about 0.95. 
     Another aspect of the present invention relates to locating the distal pleats  32  of the apertured film sheet  26  between the longitudinally extending grooves  22   a  in the domed insertion end  16 . This aligns the distal pleats  32  with lobes  72  between the grooves  22   a  and allows these lobes  72  to expand more upon absorption of bodily fluids during use as shown in  FIG. 14 . 
     In a preferred embodiment, there are four distal pleats  32  aligned with the four lobes  72  that are disposed between four longitudinally extending grooves  22   a  in the domed insertion end  16 . 
     The above arrangement can be achieved by forming intersecting, penetrating groove segments  64 ,  66  that define visually distinct, substantially closed zones  70  on the longitudinal surfaces thereof and locating the plurality of attachment zones  28  within these substantially closed zones  70 . 
     In a preferred embodiment shown in  FIG. 15 , the domed insertion end  16  has a cavity  74  disposed therein, and a portion  76  of the apertured polymeric film sheet  26  is disposed that cavity  74  to present a smoother appearance. As the portion  76  of the apertured polymeric film sheet  26  is disposed into the cavity  74 , some incidental folds  78  may develop in the apertured polymeric film sheet  26 . 
     The method of producing absorbent tampons for feminine hygiene generally includes the steps of radially compressing an elongate tampon blank to form an elongate tampon pledget (each of the tampon blank and tampon pledget having corresponding insertion and withdrawal ends), doming the insertion end of the elongate tampon pledget, and arranging a fluid transport element over the insertion end of the elongate tampon pledget. The fluid transport element includes an apertured polymeric film sheet disposed over the insertion end and attached to the elongate tampon pledget through a plurality of attachment zones extending along the longitudinal surfaces thereof and further comprises a plurality of distal pleats to provide elements capable of extending away from the longitudinal surfaces of the elongate tampon pledget. A headspace is formed between the domed insertion end and the apertured polymeric film sheet by predetermined disposition of the apertured polymeric film sheet along the longitudinal surfaces of the elongate tampon pledget. Therefore, a distance, measured along an outer surface of the elongate tampon pledget over a longitudinal axis of the domed insertion end, from end of a first attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end, to end of a second attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end, on an opposite surface, defines a pledget dome length; and a distance, measured along an inner surface of the apertured polymeric film sheet over a longitudinal axis of the domed insertion end, from the end of the first attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end, to the end of a second attachment zone nearest the domed insertion end, on the opposite surface, defines a film length. The film length is greater than the pledget dome length, and this provides a headspace length that is greater than zero, as described above. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the method shown schematically in  FIG. 16 , a cavity  74  is formed in the domed insertion end  16  of the elongate tampon pledget  12 . This provides a volume into which a portion  76  of the apertured polymeric film sheet  26  of the fluid transport element  14  may be tucked to present a smoother appearance to the insertion end  16  of the absorbent tampon  10 . Step (a) shows a tampon blank  200  with a withdrawal element  20  wound up at one end, thereof, in preparation for radial compression in a tampon press. Step (b) shows the elongate tampon pledget  12  after radial compression in the tampon press and engagement of a pushrod  202  with the insertion end  16 ′, and the initial formation of the cavity  74 . The pushrod  202  has a cross-sectional diameter substantially less than a corresponding cross-sectional diameter of the elongate tampon pledget  12  and transfers the elongate tampon pledget  12  from the tampon press to a carrier (not shown) arranged and configured to contain the elongate tampon pledget  12  during transport for further processing. Step (c) shows the elongate tampon pledget  12  after doming the insertion end thereof to form the domed insertion end  16 . The cavity  74  may be slightly closed from the doming operation, and therefore, the cavity  74  is refreshed or reformed using a tool  204  as shown in Step (d). Step (e) shows the fluid transport element  14  arranged and attached to the elongate tampon pledget  12  via attachment zones  28  and leaving a headspace  40  having a portion  76  of the apertured polymeric film sheet  26  located proximate the cavity  74 . After the fluid transport element  14  is wound around the elongate tampon pledget  12 , a finishing pushrod  206  places a portion  76  of the apertured polymeric film sheet  26  into the cavity  74 . 
     After the fluid transport element  14  is attached to the longitudinal surfaces of the elongate tampon pledget  12 , preferably by orienting an elongate tampon pledget  12  having longitudinally extending grooves  22  of the elongate tampon pledget  12  comprise intersecting, penetrating groove segments  64 ,  66  that define visually distinct, substantially closed zones  70  on the longitudinal surfaces thereof such that the attachment zones  28  for the fluid transport element  14  are disposed within the substantially closed zones  70 , the portion  76  of the apertured polymeric film sheet  26  is inserted into the cavity  74  prior to packaging to smooth the domed insertion end  16  of the product  10 . 
     Inserting and/or maintaining the portion  76  of the apertured polymeric film sheet  26  in the cavity can be performed before, during or after a further step of convolutely wrapping the distal pleats  32  of the fluid transport element  12  in a single direction around the elongate tampon pledget  12 . 
     Another aspect of the invention that assists in allowing the domed insertion end  16  to more fully expand is to orient the distal pleats  32  with lobes  72  disposed between adjacent longitudinally extending grooves  22   a  in the domed insertion end  16  as shown in  FIG. 14 . 
     The cavity  74  formed preferably has a diameter and depth sufficient to accommodate the “excess” apertured polymeric sheet material  76 . As a guide, in one embodiment, the cavity  74  has a maximum diameter of about 20% to about 50% of the maximum diameter of the tampon  10 , more preferably about 25% to about 40% of the maximum diameter of the tampon  10  and a maximum depth of about 5 mm to about 10 mm. Both measurements are based on an average of five measurements of each element—the maximum cavity diameter and maximum tampon diameter are measured with a standard caliper without substantially deforming the fibrous structure and the maximum depth is measured with a pin having a diameter of approximately 50% of the diameter of the cavity. 
     Tampons are generally categorized in two classes: applicator tampons and digital tampons, and a certain amount of dimensional stability is useful for each type of tampon. Applicator tampons use a relatively rigid device to contain and protect the tampon prior to use. To insert the tampon into a body cavity, the applicator containing the tampon is partially inserted into the body cavity, and the tampon can be expelled from the applicator into the body cavity. In contrast, digital tampons do not have an applicator to help guide them into the body cavity and require sufficient column strength to allow insertion without using an applicator. 
     While the applicator tampon is protected by the rigid applicator device and the applicator tampon need not as have as high a degree of column strength as a digital tampon, applicator tampons do require dimensional stability (especially radial) to be acceptable for use. This dimensional stability provides assurance, for example, that the tampon will not prematurely grow and split its packaging material or become wedged in a tampon applicator. 
     Further, the absorbent tampon can be collapsed for packaging and insertion. For example, at least a portion of a major surface of the fluid transport element  14 , such as the outwardly oriented surface, may be in contact with at least a portion of an outer surface of the elongate tampon pledget  12 . This can be achieved by wrapping the fluid transport element(s) around the elongate tampon pledget  12  (as shown in  FIG. 4 b   ). Alternatively, the fluid transport element(s)  14  may be folded or pleated (e.g., in an accordion-like manner) against the elongate tampon pledget  12 . 
     The specification and embodiments above are presented to aid in the complete and non-limiting understanding of the invention disclosed herein. Since many variations and embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.