Patent Publication Number: US-4097454-A

Title: Benzophenone base stabilizing agent for polymers and polymers stabilized thereby

Description:
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 476,340, filed June 4, 1974 now abandoned. 
    
    
     The present invention refers to a stabilizer against the action of light rays for plastic materials obtained from polymers, particularly from polypropylene. 
     The stabilizer according to the invention consists of a synergically acting composition between benzophenones and a complex of a metal with benzophenones. 
     For the stabilization of polymers against ultraviolet light, for the production of plastic materials, the use of benzophenones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, is well known. 
     It is known that the presence of these compounds prevents or retards the formation of carbonyl groups in the molecule of the polymer, which formation is generally induced by radiations having a wave length ranging between 280 and 380 m μ. 
     In the stabilization of polypropylene in particular, it has been found that nickel or cobalt base organometallic complexes give better results than those yielded by benzophenones used alone. Among these chelates the following ##STR2## used in mixture with 2-hydroxy-4-alkoxy-benzophenones (with an alkyl chain from 6 to 18 carbon atoms) gives results by far superior to those obtained with the use of benzophenones alone. However, the compound of this formula has a bluish-green hue and causes therefore some difficulties in its use for yellow and red polymer fibers and furthermore it tends to decompose at the temperatures at which polymers are worked, causing undesirable colorations. 
     There are also known compounds of the formula ##STR3## wherein Me is a metal, particularly Ni, Co, Zn, capable of forming complexes with the benzophenones. 
     These compounds, although already known in the literature, have so far never been used as stabilizers, since these products do not have actual advantages. also because they impart a marked yellow hue to the polymer. 
     The present invention supplies a stabilizer consisting of a mixture of compounds of the formula (I) with compounds of the formula (II), by means of which a much more efficient stabilization of the polymers, particularly of polypropylene is obtained. This stabilization is at least two times greater than that obtained using the same compounds (I) and (II) individually. This synergic effect of the mixture could not be expected a priori. Furthermore the mixtures of these two stabilizers give tones of yellow which are paler and therefore they may be utilized also on yellow and red hues. 
     Tests were carried out, using polypropylene having a melting flow index (M.F.I.) of approximately 6, charged, in addition to these ultraviolet light absorbing stabilizing agents, with an antioxidant system consisting of 0.5 weight % dilauryl-thiodipropionate, 0.25 weight % of a phenolic antioxidant and 0.4 weight % of calcium stearate. 
     From the so charged polymer a granulate was prepared and from this granulate disks of approximately 0.5 mm thickness were obtained from which test pieces of 50 mm length were produced, which were subjected to tensile tests, at intervals of 300 hours of exposure to Xenotest 150® (apparatus for the exposure of the specimens to a xenon lamp) up to the embrittlement point. 
     The results are indicated in the following table. 
     
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test piece   embrittlement interval (hours)                               
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A            600-900                                                      
B            1200-1500                                                    
C             900-1200                                                    
D            1500-1800                                                    
E             900-1200                                                    
F             900-1200                                                    
G            1200-1500                                                    
H            2100-2400                                                    
J            2700-3000                                                    
L            1500-1900                                                    
M            2100-2403                                                    
N            2100-2400                                                    
O             900-1200                                                    
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     The test pieces used were the following: 
     A: standard polypropylene; 
     B: polypropylene with 0.3 weight % of butylamine-nickel chelate of 2,2&#39;-thiobis-(4-ditert.octylphenol); 
     C: polypropylene with 0.3 weight % of nickel chelate of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone; 
     D: polypropylene with 0.3 weight % of nickel chelate of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; 
     E: polypropylene with 0.3 weight % of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; 
     F: polypropylene with 0.5 weight % of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; 
     G: polypropylene with 0.3 weight % of butylamine-nickel chelate of 2,2&#39;-thiobis-(4-ditert.octylphenol) plus 0.3 weight % of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; 
     H: polypropylene with 0.3 weight % of the nickel chelate of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone plus 0.3 weight % of of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; 
     I: polypropylene with 0.3 weight % of nickel chelate of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone plus 0.3 weight % of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; 
     L: polypropylene with 0.5 weight % of cobalt chelate of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; 
     M: polypropylene with 0.5 weight % of nickel chelate of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; 
     N: polypropylene with 0.3 weight % of cobalt chelate of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone plus 0.3 weight % of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; 
     O: polypropylene with 0.5 weight % of nickel chelate of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone. 
     The table shows that the test pieces H, I and N yield an appreciable lengthening of the life of the polymer treated with the stabilizing mixture as compared with the same polymers used with merely a single component of the mixture. 
     These results yield a considerable economical advantage, as they permit the use of derivatives of the 2-hydroxy-alcoxybenzophenone, which are relatively less complex than the types existing on the market and are more easily available.