Patent Publication Number: US-PP14432-P2

Title: Artichoke plant named ‘PS-IG0060’

Description:
Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed:  Cynara scolymus  L. 
     Variety denomination: PS-IG0060. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of artichoke plant, botanically known as  Cynara scolymus  L. and herein referred to by the cultivar name ‘PS-IG0060’. 
       Cynara scolymus  L., commonly known as Globe artichoke, is a thistle-like perennial herb and is a member of the family Asteraceae. Globe artichokes comprise leaves which are pinnately lobed but primarily spineless, globose capitula composed of overlapping layers of large volucral bracts, and receptacles which are enlarged and fleshy. Globe artichoke plants may be propagated by division and are essentially grown for the production of the immature flower heads, which are considered as vegetable delicacies. Fresh artichokes may be steamed or boiled, after which the fleshy receptacle, inner and outer bracts, and parts of the floral stem may be eaten. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The new cultivar is a product of a planned breeding program carried out by the inventor, William J. Colfer at Chowchilla, Calif. in 1997. The female parent is CTC6 (seed parent) and the male parent is GGMSSC5 (pollen parent). The new cultivar was discovered from the progeny of the stated cross by William J. Colfer and was asexually propagated for the first time in 1997 in Watsonville, Calif. 
     Asexual propagation by division has demonstrated the stability of the combination of characteristics of the new cultivar from generation to generation. 
     The new cultivar has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype may vary with variations in environment such as temperature, light intensity and daylength, without any change in the genotype of the cultivar. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The accompanying photographic drawings show fruit and leaves from a typical specimen plant of ‘PS-IG0060’, with color being depicted as possible with illustrations of this type. 
     The first drawing is a side view of the fruit and foliage of ‘PS-IG0060’. 
     The second drawing is a close-up view of the fruit showing its physical dimensions. 
     The third drawing is a close-up view showing a vertical cross-section of the fruit. 
    
    
     DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION 
     The following observations, measurements and values describe plants of ‘PS-IG0060’ grown in Chowchilla, Calif. under conditions which closely approximate those generally used in horticultural practice. The age of the plants described is approximately 348 days (228 days from transplanting and an additional 120 days developed in transplant trays). 
     All color references below are measured against The Munsell Book of Color, Munsell Color Macbeth Division of Kollomogen Corporation. Colors are approximate as color depends on horticultural practices such as light level and fertilization rate, among others. 
     Chowchilla is located in California&#39;s central San Juaquin valley. Conditions can vary greatly during the summer months. Air temperature can range between the low 20&#39;s (degrees Fahrenheit) in the winter to well above the 100 (degrees Fahrenheit) during the summer months. Relative humidity is generally low with values ranging from the mid 40&#39;s to the high 60&#39;s. Prevailing winds are westerly and rainfall rarely exceeds 15″ (inches) of rainfall. 
     In the following description, holding quality was measured by the physical appearance of the harvested heads. This includes the heads appearance following 3, 7 and 10 day storage periods in a cold storage room held at 34 (degrees Fahrenheit). Head exterior (oxidation) was observed at each of the three observation points. Browning and blackening of plant tissue was evaluated as light, moderate and extreme. Juiciness was measured by observing exudate and rated as absent, moderate or excessive. Overall storage response was measured by observations concentrated on visible color variability and / or presence of lesions or other cosemetic anomalies. Leaf ratio (L/W) was determined by dividing representative leaf sample length measurements by representative leaf sample width measurements. Finally, head response to (weather) was determined by observing the heads at maturity. These field observations focus on presence or absence of bronzing, necrotic and chlorotic lesions or any abiotic response to environmental conditions. These data are reported as the possible causal event(s) and then describe the detailed head and plant responses. 
     It should be noted that these data were collected from first year tissue culture outplants. The method of tissue culture used in propagation was standard micropropagation methodology. 
     These data are subject to change in the plant&#39;s future growth and development. The new and distinct cultivar of artichoke plant named ‘PS-IG0060’ is characterized by: 
     1. numerous bud numbers; 
     2. fleshiness of bracts; 
     3. fleshiness of hearts; and 
     4. uniformity of head shapes. 
     The date of first harvest is approximately May 28 and the date of final harvest is approximately June 17, depending on environmental conditions. Plant growth from November to February is moderate, dependent upon environmental and agronomic conditions. Plant growth and development from March to June is rapid, dependent upon environmental and agronomic conditions, with sexual stages initiating in late April. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                  TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Parentage: 
                   
               
               
                 Male parent: 
                 GGMSSC5 (pollen parent) 
               
               
                 Female parent: 
                 CTC6 (seed parent) 
               
               
                 Classification: 
                 Botanical:  Cynara scolymus  L. 
               
               
                   
                 Commercial: artichoke c.v. 
               
               
                   
                 PS-IG0060 
               
               
                 Propagation: 
                 Asexual production either by tissue 
               
               
                   
                 culture (standard micropropagation 
               
               
                   
                 methodology) or division 
               
               
                 Plant: 
               
               
                 Height: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  104.39 cm 
               
               
                   
                 range: 100.33-111.76 cm 
               
               
                 Growth Habit: 
                 Upright/intermediate 
               
               
                 Dimensions: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  104.39 cm (h) × 215.39 cm (w) 
               
               
                   
                 range: 100.33-111.76 cm (h) × 
               
               
                   
                 203.20-238.76 cm (w) 
               
               
                 Side Shoots: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  5.20 
               
               
                   
                 range: 3.0-7.0 
               
               
                 Length of Side Shoots 
                 Between 17-36.5 cm 
               
               
                 Diameter of Side Shoots 
                 Between 3.4-5.2 cm 
               
               
                 Foliage Density: 
                 Dense, multiple shoots give plant a 
               
               
                   
                 high density appearance 
               
               
                 Side Shoot Development: 
                 Vigorous side shoot development 
               
               
                 Number of Leaves on Side Shoot: 
                 Between 6-10 
               
               
                 Main Stem Length: 
                 Between 40-56 cm 
               
               
                 Main Stem Diameter: 
                 Between 4.5-6.7 cm 
               
               
                 Number of Leaves on Main Stem: 
                 Between 16-30 
               
               
                 Capitulum: 
               
               
                 Size: 
                 Primary: 36.20-38.10 cm 
               
               
                   
                 Secondary: 28.58-30.40 cm 
               
               
                 Shape: 
                 Oval. Oval shape can have increased 
               
               
                   
                 midsection dimensions 
               
               
                 Number: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  12.8/plant 
               
               
                   
                 range: 7.0-16.0 heads/plant 
               
               
                 Texture: 
                 Intermediate, smooth 
               
               
                 Fragrance: 
                 Mild, lightly aromatic 
               
               
                 Bract Size: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  7.76 cm (l) × 6.20 cm (w) 
               
               
                   
                 range: 6.5-8.0 cm (l) × 
               
               
                   
                 5.6-6.5 cm (w) 
               
               
                 Bract Shape: 
                 Bracts are predominantly oval shaped 
               
               
                   
                 with constricted (narrow) basal 
               
               
                   
                 regions 
               
               
                 Bract Texture; 
                 Smooth, slight texture 
               
               
                 Bract Number: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  80.20 bracts 
               
               
                   
                 range: 78-82 bracts 
               
               
                 Bract Color: 
                 Inner: 5 Y 9/6 
               
               
                   
                 Outer: 5 GY 6/6-5 GY 6/4 
               
               
                 Bract Basal Thickness: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  6.50 mm 
               
               
                   
                 range: 5.0-8.0 mm 
               
               
                 Heart Description: 
                 Concave, full. Heart is nearly flat, 
               
               
                   
                 very little concave quality 
               
               
                 Heart Color: 
                 5 Y 9/1-5 Y 9/2 
               
               
                 Papus Length: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  17.67 mm 
               
               
                   
                 range: 15.0-20.0 mm 
               
               
                 Papus Color: 
                 Variable white coloration 
               
               
                 Overall Cold Storage Response: 
                 Good cold storage response; slight 
               
               
                   
                 oxidation observed (light browning) 
               
               
                 Head Firmness: 
                 Heads are very firm 
               
               
                 Bract Firmness: 
                 Moderate. Bracts are quite malleable 
               
               
                   
                 especially outer bract tissue 
               
               
                 Gloss: 
                 Semi-gloss; younger heads have a 
               
               
                   
                 slightly greater glossiness 
               
               
                 Cold Storage (hold quality): 
                 Good; only a slight “browning” was 
               
               
                   
                 observed on some bract edges 
               
               
                 Head Exterior (oxidation): 
                 Moderate; only those areas damaged 
               
               
                   
                 during harvest showed some 
               
               
                   
                 oxidation 
               
               
                 Juiciness: 
                 Moderate presence; peduncle and 
               
               
                   
                 bract exudate is only moderate 
               
               
                 Head Response (weather): 
                 None; no adverse plant responses 
               
               
                   
                 were observed 
               
               
                 Bud Burst: 
                 Between May 8 and June 17 
               
               
                 Bud Weight: 
                 Between 447.65 and 468.90 grams; 
               
               
                   
                 average 452.73 grams per head 
               
               
                 Bloom Time: 
                 Between June 2 and June 23 
               
               
                 Bloom Duration: 
                 Approximately 35 days 
               
               
                 Bloom Diameter: 
                 Between 7.5 to 9.2 cm 
               
               
                 Bloom Depth: 
                 Between 11-11.7 cm 
               
               
                 Bloom Shape: 
                 Head (slightly rounded oval) 
               
               
                 Floret Number Per Bloom: 
                 Approximately 1362 to 1482 
               
               
                 Floret Size: 
                 Between 8.5-9.8 cm in length 
               
               
                   
                 Between 3 and 3.1 mm in width 
               
               
                 Floret Color: 
                 Range between 
               
               
                   
                 2.5P 5/8-2.5P 5/10-2.5P 4/10 
               
               
                 Seeds: 
               
               
                 Shape: 
                 Ovate 
               
               
                 Size: 
                 0.7-0.8 mm in length; 
               
               
                   
                 0.35-0.4 in width 
               
               
                 Number: 
                 Highly variable between 61-509; 
               
               
                   
                 average 244 seeds per head 
               
               
                 Color: 
                 Variable; light brown hues with 
               
               
                   
                 moderate speckling; darker tan hues 
               
               
                   
                 with speckled pattern 
               
               
                 Foliage: 
               
               
                 Shape: 
                 Irregularly dentate, pinnatisect, 
               
               
                   
                 reduced tomentose and mucronulate 
               
               
                 Length: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  122.16 cm 
               
               
                   
                 range: 104.0-138.0 cm 
               
               
                 Width: 
                 {overscore (x)} = 77.80 cm 
               
               
                   
                 range: 70.0-84.0 cm 
               
               
                 Leaf Serrations: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  32.86 mm 
               
               
                   
                 range: 24.0-38.0 mm 
               
               
                 Leaf Basal Angle: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  32.86 degrees 
               
               
                   
                 range: 25.0-40.0 degrees 
               
               
                 Leaf Ratio (L/W): 
                 {overscore (x)} =  1.55 
               
               
                   
                 range: 1.23-1.78 
               
               
                 Leaf Area: 
                 {overscore (x)} = 9,512.0 cm 2   
               
               
                   
                 range: 7696-11316 cm 2   
               
               
                 Color: 
                 5 GY 4/4-5 GY 3/6 
               
               
                 Texture: 
                 Slightly textured. Immature 
               
               
                   
                 developing leaves are smooth. 
               
               
                   
                 Older leaves blistered-rough 
               
               
                   
                 surface. 
               
               
                 Veination: 
                 Prominent, white. Both midvein and 
               
               
                   
                 surrounding veination are white 
               
               
                   
                 colored. 
               
               
                 Pubescence: 
                 Moderate density. Pubescence on 
               
               
                   
                 most leaves is prominent. 
               
               
                 Leaf Basal Thickness: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  20.01 mm 
               
               
                   
                 range: 17.0-25.0 mm 
               
               
                 Leaf Distance Between Serrations: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  45.22 mm 
               
               
                   
                 range: 30.0-64.0 mm 
               
               
                 Petiole Length: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  19.95 cm 
               
               
                   
                 range: 18.5-21.8 cm 
               
               
                 Petiole Width: 
                 {overscore (x)} =  38.30 mm 
               
               
                   
                 range: 30.0-46.0 mm 
               
               
                 DISEASE RESISTANCE: 
                 No observations made 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 
     This new artichoke cultivar is a unique type that exhibits the following characteristics. The plants moderate height, ranging from 100-111 cm. Its comparative head qualities to California&#39;s artichoke variety Green Globe include: green (non-glossy) exterior coloration, comparable head numbers. Head numbers ranging from 7-16 heads per plant. Head shape does not vary displaying an oval shape. These non-glossy heads are produced in the sizes ranging from (18) primary, size (30) secondaries and size (48) tertiaries. Floral stalk development and head numbers can vary. Anthocyanin coloration is present in innermost interior bracts and found on only some outer, exterior bract edges. Its presence is characterized as light. The head spinosity is slightly more prominent on these notched bracts. The average spine length ranges between 0.5-1.0 mm. The plants upright growth habit is intermediate, but is very vigorous. The canopies coloration is a deeper green/green/yellow color with some colors ranging towards darker green/ green/ grey hues. These colors on Munsell Leaf Color Chart range from 5 GY 4/4-5 GY 3/6. Leaf spinosity is light to moderate, categorized as few. Floral stalk development during anthesis produces a purple flower. Flower color varies with flower maturity. The phenotypic characteristics of this cultivar may vary slightly, depending upon variation in the environmental factors. Including weather (temperature, humidity and light intensity), day length, soil type, farming practices, location and time of year.