Patent Publication Number: US-2010128212-A1

Title: Manufacturing apparatus for oriented film, manufacturing method for oriented film, liquid crystal device, and electronic device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/485,551 filed on Jul. 12, 2006. This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-205470 filed Jul. 14, 2005. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to a manufacturing apparatus for an oriented film, a manufacturing method for an oriented film, a liquid crystal device and, an electronic device. 
     2. Related Art 
     A liquid crystal device has been used as a photo-modulation section in a projection display device such as a liquid crystal projector, etc. 
     Such a liquid crystal device includes a sealant arranged at the periphery between a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sealed at its center. 
     Electrodes for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer are formed on the side of an inner surface of the pair of substrates, and an oriented film for controlling the orientation of liquid crystal molecules when applying a non-selective voltage is formed on the side of the inner surface of the electrodes. 
     By such a constitution, the liquid crystal device modulates the light of a light source based on the orientation change of the liquid crystal molecules when applying a non-selective voltage or selective voltage to form the light of an image. 
     An oriented film subjected to a rubbing treatment is generally used as the above-mentioned oriented film on the surface of a polymer film made of polyimides to which a side-chain alkyl group, etc, has been added. 
     The rubbing treatment section of a polymer is oriented in a pre-determined direction by rubbing the surface of a polymer film in a pre-determined direction with a roller having a soft cloth. 
     Liquid crystal molecules are arranged along an orienting high polymer due to an intermolecular interaction between the orienting high molecules and the liquid crystal molecules. 
     Therefore, liquid crystal molecules can be oriented in a pre-determined direction, when a non-selective voltage is applied. 
     A pre-tilt can be given to a liquid crystal molecule by a side-chain alkyl group. 
     However, when a liquid crystal device fitted with such an organic oriented film is adopted as the photo-modulation section of a projector, there is concern that the oriented film will gradually degrade due to strong light radiated from a light source or heat. 
     There is further concern that the orientation control function of liquid crystal molecules is reduced and the display quality of the liquid crystal projector will deteriorate after extended use, e.g., the liquid crystal molecules cannot be arrayed at a desired pre-tilt angle. 
     Accordingly, the use of an oriented film made of an inorganic material excellent in light resistance and heat resistance has been proposed. 
     As a manufacturing method for such an inorganic oriented film, for example, a silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) film formed by an oblique evaporation process is known. 
     When an inorganic oriented film is formed by the oblique evaporation process, it is necessary to control the incidence angle of an oriented film material to form the oriented film in a desired oriented state. 
     As a technique for controlling the incidence angle of an orientation material, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2002-365639 is known. 
     According to this technique, a shielding plate having a slit is arranged between an oriented film material and a substrate, through which a desired oriented film is formed by selective evaporation at a pre-determined incidence angle. 
     Furthermore, according to this technique, the shielding plate and the substrate are adjacently arranged. By this means, evaporation is prevented on the substrate at an angle differing from the desired incidence angle by sublimating the evaporant between the shielding plate and the substrate. 
     Therefore, the oriented film having a desired evaporation angle without evaporation irregularities can be obtained. 
     However, since the oriented film material evaporated from an evaporator is sublimated to radially diffuse at the center of the evaporator, only a part of the oriented film material is evaporated on the substrate through the slit of the shielding plate, and another part of the oriented film material is adhered to the bottom of the shielding plate and an adhesion resistant plate arranged on an inner wall of a film formation chamber. 
     As described above, an amount of the adherence of the oriented film material on the inner walls of the chamber increases depending on the size of the substrate. 
     Thus, since the size of the film formation chamber is larger due to the size of the larger substrate, the distance between the evaporator and the substrate becomes greater, and the area on which the oriented film material is adhered is increased. 
     As a result, it is necessary to frequently perform maintenance, for example, removing the oriented film material adhered to the shielding plate or to the adhesion resistant plate by cleaning, and removing the oriented film material adhered to them by cleaning after changing shielding plates or adhesion resistant plates. 
     Therefore, productivity is lowered by increasing maintenance load. 
     SUMMARY 
     An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to provide a manufacturing apparatus for an oriented film, a manufacturing method for an oriented film, a liquid crystal device and electronic device which reduce maintenance load and improve the productivity of manufacturing the oriented film. 
     A first aspect of the invention provides a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing an oriented film of a liquid crystal device holding a liquid crystal between a pair of substrates facing each other, including: a film formation chamber; an evaporation section having an evaporation source, evaporating an oriented film material on the substrate by a physical vapor deposition, and forming the oriented film in the film formation chamber; a shielding plate arranged between the evaporation section and the substrate, having an elongated opening for selectively evaporating the oriented film material, and covering an area of the substrate on which the oriented film is not formed; and a first regulating member arranged between the evaporation source and the shielding plate and at a position closer to the evaporation source than from the shielding plate, regulating a sublimating direction in which the oriented film material is sublimated. 
     According to this manufacturing apparatus, the first regulating member regulating the sublimating direction of the evaporant evaporated from the evaporation source is arranged at a portion closer to the evaporation source than from the shielding plate so that it is possible to reduce the amount of the oriented film material which adheres to the bottom of the shielding plate or to the adhesion resistant plate installed to the inner wall of the film formation chamber by the first regulating member, when the evaporation is performed. 
     Therefore, it is possible to reduce the maintenance load to remove the oriented film material adhered to the shielding plate or to the adhesion resistant plate, and thus productivity can be improved. 
     It is preferable that, in the manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the oriented film of the first aspect of the invention, the first regulating member have a slit which is openable and closable for regulating the sublimating direction toward the opening of the shielding plate. 
     In prior art, there is concern that when the oriented film material is sublimated by the evaporation section, the sublimation rate of the evaporation source is not stabilized in the initial stage of sublimation of the oriented film material. Thus, irregularities in the oriented film formed by the evaporation occur in the initial stage of the evaporation. 
     However, according to the manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the oriented film, it is possible to stop the evaporation until the sublimation rate of the evaporation source stabilizes by closing the slit regulating of the first regulating member. 
     Thus, it is possible to prevent the adherence of the oriented film material to inside the film formation chamber while covering the evaporation source. 
     It is preferable that the manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the oriented film of the first aspect of the invention, further include: an adhesion resistant member arranged at the first regulating member, covering a side of the evaporation source. 
     According to this structure, it is possible to prevent the adherence of the oriented film material which is sublimated from the evaporation source and flows to a side of the evaporation source to, for example, an adhesion resistant plate installed on the inner wall of the film formation chamber. 
     In addition, it is possible to adhere the oriented film material to the adhesion resistant member installed on the first regulating member. 
     Therefore, it is possible to reduce the maintenance load to remove the oriented film material adhered to the adhesion resistant plate. Thus, productivity can be improved. 
     It is preferable that the manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the oriented film of the first aspect of the invention, further include: a second regulating member arranged between the shielding plate and the first regulating member, and further regulating a sublimating direction in which the oriented film material be sublimated in the sublimating direction regulated by the first regulating member. 
     According to this structure, the sublimating direction of the evaporant evaporated from the evaporation source is regulated with high precision by these regulating members (first regulating member and second regulating member). It is possible to deliver the evaporant to the opening of the shielding plate without spreading the evaporant on the side of the shielding plate. 
     Therefore, the adherence of the oriented film material to the shielding plate and the adhesion resistant plate can be reduced, and it is possible to reduce the maintenance load as well. 
     It is preferable that, in the manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the oriented film of the first aspect of the invention, a plurality of the second regulating members be arranged between the shielding plate and the first regulating member, and positions of the second regulating members through which the evaporated oriented film material is passed be substantially aligned in one direction. 
     According to this structure, it is possible to regulate the sublimating direction of the evaporant evaporated from the evaporation source with higher precision by these regulating members. 
     It is preferable that, in the manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the oriented film of the first aspect of the invention, the shielding plate have a plurality of the elongated openings. 
     In the case in which the oriented film material is evaporated on the substrate through the opening of the shielding plate, one part of the oriented film material is adhered to an inner-edge of the opening of the shielding plate via the opening. 
     Therefore, the slit width of the elongated opening is narrowed. Evaporation conditions such as the incidence angle regulated by the opening are changed compared to an initial evaporation condition. 
     Accordingly, the shielding plate has a plurality of the elongated openings so that it is possible to evaporate the oriented film material on the substrate by substituting an opening of which the oriented film material is adhered on the inner-edge, to an opening of which the oriented film material is not adhered on the inner-edge. 
     By this means, it is possible to perform a stabilized evaporation in the initial evaporation condition. 
     Specifically, the sublimating direction of the evaporant sublimated from the evaporation source is substantially regulated so that the oriented film material sublimated from the evaporation source selectively flows into one opening selected from among the plurality of openings of the shielding plate. 
     In the case in which the oriented film material is adhered to the inner-edges of one of the openings, the other opening is adjusted to the sublimating direction by shifting the shielding plate relative to the sublimating direction. Therefore, it is possible to perform stabilized evaporation in the initial evaporation condition. 
     It is preferable that, in the manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the oriented film of the first aspect of the invention, a width of the opening of the shielding plate be variable. 
     According to this structure, when it is necessary to change the incidence angle or the like of the oriented film material regulated by the opening due to changing the evaporation condition (sublimation condition) or due to a pretreatment condition of the substrate, it is possible to easily change an undesirably condition to a desirably condition by changing the width of the variable opening of the shielding plate. 
     A second aspect of the invention provides a manufacturing method for an oriented film including: sublimating an oriented film material from an evaporation source; regulating a sublimating direction in which the oriented film material is sublimated, by a regulating member arranged at a portion closer to the evaporation source than from the shielding plate; passing the oriented film material through an elongated opening of a shielding plate; depositing the oriented film material on a substrate by a physical vapor deposition. 
     According to this manufacturing method, when the oriented film material is evaporated through the opening of the shielding plate, since a sublimating direction of the evaporant is regulated by the regulating member arranged at a portion closer to the evaporation source than from the shielding plate, it is possible to reduce the amount of the oriented film material that adheres to the bottom of the shielding plate or to the adhesion resistant plate installed on the inner wall of the film formation chamber by the regulating member. 
     Therefore, it is possible to reduce maintenance load in which the oriented film material adhered to the shielding plate or to the adhesion resistant plate is removed. Thus, productivity can be improved. 
     A third aspect of the invention provides a liquid crystal device including the oriented film manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method. 
     With regard to the liquid crystal device, since productivity of manufacturing the oriented film can be improved, productivity of manufacturing the liquid crystal device can be also improved. 
     A fourth aspect of the invention provides an electronic device including the above-described liquid crystal device. 
     Thus, since the electronic device includes the liquid crystal device with improved productivity, the productivity of the electronic device is also improved. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus of this invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view for describing a schematic block diagram of the regulating member. 
         FIG. 3A  is a perspective view for describing a schematic block diagram of the shielding plate on which a plurality of openings is formed, and  FIG. 3B  is a plan view for describing a schematic block diagram of the shielding plate on which a plurality of openings is formed. 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view for describing the state of vicinity of the opening of the shielding plate. 
         FIG. 5  is a plan view of a TFT array substrate of a liquid crystal device. 
         FIG. 6  is an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal device. 
         FIG. 7  is a plan view showing a structure of the liquid crystal device for describing the liquid crystal device. 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of the liquid crystal device for describing the liquid crystal device. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic block diagram showing a projector. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     The invention is described in detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings. 
       FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus of this invention and for describing a schematic block diagram of the manufacturing apparatus. 
     In  FIG. 1 , reference numeral  1  represents a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing an oriented film (hereinafter referred to as manufacturing apparatus). 
     The manufacturing apparatus  1  forms an oriented film made of an inorganic material on the surface of a substrate W constituting a constituent member of the liquid crystal device. 
     The manufacturing apparatus  1  includes a film formation chamber  2  constituted as a vacuum chamber, an evaporation section  3  for sublimating an inorganic material of which the oriented film material is made, a shielding plate  4  arranged between the evaporation section  3  and the substrate W, and a regulating member (first regulating member)  5  for regulating a sublimating direction of the evaporant evaporated from the evaporation source  3   a.    
     The film formation chamber  2  communicates with a pre-processing chamber (not shown) in which the substrate W is subjected to a pretreatment for the forming of the oriented film (e.g., heating treatment for substrate W) and with a post-processing chamber (not shown) in which the substrate W is subjected to an after-treatment for the forming of the oriented film (e.g., cooling treatment for substrate W). 
     Gate valves tightly isolating the film formation chamber  2  from the pre-processing chamber and from the post-processing chamber are provided. 
     In such a constitution, it is possible to transfer the substrates W from the pre-processing chamber to the film formation chamber  2 , and is possible to transfer the substrates W from the film formation chamber  2  to the post-processing chamber, without greatly lowering the vacuum in the film formation chamber  2 . 
     A transporting section (not shown) is connected to the film formation chamber  2 . The transporting section receives the substrate W from the pre-processing chamber, continuously or intermittently transports the substrates W in the film formation chamber  2 , and sends the substrates W out from the film formation chamber  2  toward the post-processing chamber. 
     A vacuum pump  6  for controlling the inner pressure to obtain a desired vacuum state is connected to the film formation chamber  2  via a pipe  7 . 
     The evaporation section  3  is arranged at the bottom of the film formation chamber  2  and at the side of the inner wall of the film formation chamber  2 . 
     The evaporation section  3  evaporates inorganic material, which becomes the oriented film material on the substrates W by a physical vapor deposition process, i.e., an evaporation process or a sputtering process such as an ion beam sputtering process, etc. to form the oriented film. 
     In the embodiment, the evaporation section  3  includes an evaporation source  3   a  made of the inorganic material and an electron beam gun unit (not shown) which radiates an electron beam on the evaporation source  3   a  to heat and sublimate the inorganic material. 
     As heating types of the evaporation source  3   a  in place of the electron beam gun unit, a resistance heating type heater may be used. 
     Here, silicon oxide (SiO x ) such as silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) used as the inorganic material functions as the oriented film material in this embodiment. 
     In the evaporation section  3 , the opening of a crucible that holds the evaporation source  3 a is aligned with an opening of the shielding plate  4  as described later, thereby the evaporation section  3  selectively sublimates an evaporant of the inorganic material mainly in a direction shown by a double chain line in  FIG. 1 . 
     The sublimating direction of evaporant of the oriented film material is limited by the opening of the crucible. However, when the evaporant sublimates from the opening of the crucible partway, then the evaporant is sublimated to radially diffuse at the center of the evaporator  3   a.    
     Accordingly, in this invention, the regulating member  5  is arranged between the evaporation source  3   a  and the shielding plate  4  and at a portion closer to the evaporation source  3   a  than from the shielding plate  4  in order to regulate the flow (diffuseness) of the evaporant of the oriented film material evaporated from the evaporator  3   a , namely the sublimating direction of the evaporator  3   a , to an opening of the shielding plate  4  and in the vicinity of the opening as will be described later. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the regulating member  5  includes a pair of regulating plates  5   a  and  5   b , and has a slit  8  between the regulating plates  5   a  and  5   b.    
     Accordingly, the regulating member  5  includes the regulating plate  5   a  shaped rectangularly and the regulating plate  5   b  shaped substantially rectangularly. The regulating plate  5   b  has a notch  8   a  formed on a side limbus of the regulating plate  5   b  that faces the regulating plate  5   a . The slit  8  is formed between the regulating plate  5   a  and the notch  8   a.    
     The slit  8  is arranged at a position on a crossline between the evaporator  3   a  and the opening of the shielding plate  4 , thereby the sublimating direction of the evaporator  3   a  is regulated to the opening of the shielding plate  4  and in the vicinity of the opening. 
     Furthermore, the regulating member  5  includes a forward/backward mechanism (not shown), thereby the regulating plate  5   b  is movable forward and backward relative to the regulating plate  5   a.    
     In such a structure, the notch  8   a  is covered by the regulating plate  5   a  as shown by a double chain line in  FIG. 2 , thereby the regulating member  5  can close the slit  8 . Therefore, the regulating member  5  has the slit  8  which is openable and closable. 
     Therefore, the forming of film on the substrates W can be stopped until the sublimation rate of the evaporation source  3   a  stabilizes by closing the slit  8  and by covering the evaporation source  3   a  with the regulating member  5 , especially in the initial stage of sublimation of an orientation material, as will be described later. 
     Furthermore, an adhesion resistant member  9  covering a side of the evaporation source  3   a  is arranged at the outer periphery of the regulating member  5 . 
     The adhesion resistant member  9  is made of a plate arranged to suspend from the outer periphery of the regulating member  5 . 
     The adhesion resistant member  9  covers an outer side of the evaporation source  3   a , thereby the sublimated oriented film material flowing from the evaporation source  3   a  to the side of the evaporation source  3   a  does not flow to the inner wall of the film formation chamber  2 , is obstructed by the adhesion resistant member  9 , and is adhered to the adhesion resistant member  9 . 
     The shielding plate  4  is attachably/detachably held and fixed at a transporting plate  10  installed in the film formation chamber  2  and is made of a metal, ceramic, resin, or the like. 
     The transporting plate  10  holds the substrate W on or above the upper face of the transporting plate  10 , and allows the substrate W to be movable by the transporting section (not shown). 
     An opening  10   a  holding the shielding plate  4  is formed in the transporting plate  10 . The opening  10   a  is positioned at a side of an inner wall opposite side at which the evaporation section  3  is arranged. 
     A holding portion  10   b  extending from the inner wall of the opening  10   a  to the inside of the opening  10   a  is formed in the opening  10   a  of the transporting plate  10 . 
     By this means, the shielding plate  4  is held and fixed on the transporting plate  10 , while the shielding plate  4  is fit into the opening  10   a  and is mounted on the holding portion  10   b.    
     Furthermore, an elongated opening  11  having a predetermined width is formed in the shielding plate  4 . 
     An extending direction of the opening  11  is orthogonally positioned to the direction for transporting the substrate W by properly arranging the shielding plate  4  relative to the substrate W. The oriented film material sublimated from the evaporation section  3  passes through the opening  11 , and is selectively evaporated and deposited on the substrate W. 
     Furthermore, the opening  11  is arranged so as to set an angle between the surface of the substrate W exposed by the opening  11  and a sublimating direction from the evaporation source  3   a  to the opening  11  in a predetermined angle range. 
     Hence, the sublimate (evaporant) of the oriented film material is obliquely evaporated and deposited at a predetermined angle on the film formation surface of the substrate W. 
     The opening  11  is substantially arranged on an elongation connecting the evaporator  3   a  and the slit  8  of the regulating member  5 . 
     In such structure, the evaporant sublimated from the evaporator  3   a  is regulated by the slit  8  of the regulating member  5 , thereby the evaporant is not sublimated to radially diffuse and flows into only the opening  11  of the shielding plate  4  and in the vicinity of the opening  11  as intended. 
     On the other hand, the shielding plate  4  covers a oriented film non-formation area, i.e., an area other than the film formation area delimited by the opening  11 , by covering the bottom surface of the substrate W, thereby prevents the oriented film material from evaporating onto the oriented film non-formation area. 
     Since the substrate W is moved relative to the opening  11 , the oriented film material can be obliquely evaporated over an entirely of the film formation area by partially exposing the film formation area (oriented film formation area) of the substrate W to the opening  11  in a step-by-step manner. 
     In the film formation chamber  2 , adhesion resistant plates  12  are removably arranged on the inner wall of the film formation chamber  2 . 
     Next, the manufacturing method for the oriented film by the manufacturing apparatus  1  and maintenance for the manufacturing apparatus  1  are described. 
     First, inside the film formation chamber  2  is regulated to a desired vacuum state by operating the vacuum pump  6  and inside the film formation chamber  2  is regulated to a desired temperature by a heater (not shown). 
     In addition, the slit  8  is separately closed by the regulating member  5  by closing the regulating plate  5   a  and  5   b  of the regulating member  5 , thereby the evaporation source  3   a  is covered by the regulating member  5 . 
     In this state, the evaporation source  3   a  is operated in order to sublimate an oriented film material. 
     Subsequently, if the sublimation rate of the evaporation source  3   a  is stabilized, the slit  8  is opened by moving the regulating plate  5   a  relative to the regulating plate  5   b , thereby exposing the evaporation source  3   a.    
     Because the evaporation source  3   a  is exposed through the slit  8 , it is possible to regulate the flowing direction (sublimating direction) of the oriented film material evaporated from the evaporation source  3   a  by this slit  8 . 
     Thus, it is possible to regulate so that the evaporated oriented film material passed through the slit  8  flows into only the opening  11  of the shielding plate  4  and in the vicinity of the opening  11  as intended, in a direction shown by a double chain line in  FIG. 1 . 
     In the oriented film material sublimated from the evaporation source  3   a , the flow of the oriented film material is interrupted by the adhesion resistant member  9  and the regulating member  5 , thereby the oriented film material which does not pass through the slit  8  of the regulating member  5  is adhered to the adhesion resistant member  9  and the regulating member  5 . 
     Thus, the regulating member  5  and the adhesion resistant member  9  prevent the flowing of the evaporant and the adhering of the evaporant to the shielding plate  4  or adhesion resistant plates  12  arranged on the inner wall of the film formation chamber  2 . 
     Subsequently, the substrate W which has been a pretreatment such as heating or the like in the pre-processing chamber is transferred into the film formation chamber  2 . 
     Then, the substrate W is continuously or intermittently transported. 
     While sublimating the oriented film material such as above, the substrate W is moved on the transporting plate  10 , the substrate W is reached on the shielding plate  4 , and film formation surface of the substrate W is exposed via the opening  11 . 
     In this case, since the opening  11  is arranged so as to set an angle between the surface of the substrate W exposed by the opening  11  and a sublimating direction from the evaporation source  3   a  to the opening  11  in a predetermined angle range, the oriented film material sublimated from the evaporation source  3   a  is obliquely evaporated at a predetermined angle to the film formation surface of the substrate W. 
     Then, the oriented film material can be obliquely evaporated and deposited over the surface of the film formation area (oriented film formation area) of the substrate W and a desired oriented film can be formed by such oblique evaporating while continuously or intermittently moving the substrate W relative to the opening  11 . 
     According to such a constituted manufacturing apparatus  1 , the regulating member  5  regulating a sublimating direction of the evaporant evaporated from the evaporation source  3   a  is arranged between the evaporation source  3   a  and the shielding plate  4  and at a portion closer to the evaporation source  3   a  than from the shielding plate  4 , thereby it is possible to remarkably reduce the amount of oriented film material which adheres to the bottom of the shielding plate  4  or to the adhesion resistant plate  12  installed on the inner wall of the film formation chamber  2  by the regulating member  5 , when the evaporation is performed. 
     Therefore, it is possible to reduce the maintenance load in which the oriented film material adhered to the shielding plate  4  or to the adhesion resistant plate  12  is removed. Thus productivity can be improved. 
     In the prior art, there is concern that when the oriented film material is sublimated by the evaporation section  3 , the sublimation rate of the evaporation source is not stabilized in the initial stage of sublimation of the oriented film material. Thus, irregularities in the oriented film formed by the evaporation occur in the initial stage of the evaporation. 
     In contrast, in the manufacturing apparatus  1 , it is possible to stop the evaporation until the sublimation rate of the evaporation source  3   a  stabilizes by closing the openable and closable slit  8  regulating the sublimating direction of the regulating member  5 . 
     Then, it is possible to prevent the adherence of the oriented film material to inside the film formation chamber  2  by covering the evaporation source  3   a  with the regulating member  5 , when stopping the forming of the oriented film. 
     Furthermore, the adhesion resistant member  9  covering a side of the evaporation source  3   a  is arranged at the regulating member  5 , it is possible to prevent the adherence of the oriented film material which sublimates from the evaporation source  3   a  and flows to a side of the evaporation source  3   a  to, for example, an adhesion resistant plate  12  installed on the inner wall of the film formation chamber  2 . 
     Thus, it is possible to adhere the oriented film material to the adhesion resistant member  9  installed on the regulating member  5 . 
     Therefore, it is possible to reduce the maintenance load in which the oriented film material adhered to the adhesion resistant plate  12  is removed. Thus, productivity can be improved. 
     This invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and embodiments added with various modifications to the above-mentioned embodiment are also included within parameters which do not deviate from the purpose or scope of the invention. 
     For example, a second regulating member  13  further regulating the sublimating direction regulated by the regulating member  5  may be arranged between the regulating member  5  and the shielding plate  4  as shown by a double chain line in  FIG. 1 . In this case, a plurality of the second regulating members  13  may be arranged. 
     Here, a slit  13   a  is formed on each of these second regulating members  13 , similar to the above described regulating member  5 . The slit  13   a  further regulates the sublimating direction of the oriented film material sublimated from the evaporation source  3   a.    
     In this manner, the sublimating direction of the evaporation source  3   a  is regulated by also the second regulating members  13  in addition to the regulating member  5 , thereby the sublimating direction is regulated with higher precision. Therefore, the oriented film material is not sublimated to radially diffuse to the shielding plate  4 , thereby it is possible to reliably evaporate and deposit the oriented film material on the substrate W through the opening  11  of the shielding plate  4 . 
     Thus, it is possible to further reduce the amount of oriented film material which adheres to the shielding plate  4  or to the adhesion resistant plate  12 , and reduce the maintenance load of operation. 
     Furthermore, in the case in which a plurality of the second regulating members  13  is arranged in especially, it is preferable that positions (slits  13   a ) of the second regulating members  13  through which the evaporated oriented film material is passed be substantially aligned in one direction. 
     In this manner, it is possible to regulate the sublimating direction of the evaporant evaporated from the evaporation source  3   a  with higher precision by these regulating members  5  and  13 . 
     Furthermore, one elongated opening  11  is formed on the shielding plate  4  as described above, a plurality of the elongated openings  11  is formed on the shielding plate  4  to arrange in parallel with constant pitch in an orthogonal direction relative to a length direction of the openings  11  may be used as a perspective view shown in  FIG. 3A . 
     In this case, the shielding plate  4  is held by the transporting plate  10  and movable relative to the transporting plate  10 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG. 3 , the length of the opening  10   a  of the transporting plate  10  is well-lengthened relative to that of the shielding plate  4 . The shielding plate  4  is movable by a moving mechanism (not shown), in the opening  10   a , in an arrow direction B shown in  FIG. 3A , in increments of a predetermined distance (distance of a pitch between the openings  11 ). 
     In this manner described above, in the case in which the oriented film material is adhered to the inner-edges of one opening  11  partway, the used opening  11  which has been used for the evaporation is shifted from the position of the sublimating direction, and an unused opening is adjusted to the sublimating direction by moving the shielding plate  4 . Thereby it is possible to form the oriented film again by using an unused opening  11 . 
     Specifically, with regard to the forming of the oriented film material by the evaporation described above, it is impossible to evaporate and deposit the oriented film material sublimated from the evaporation section  3  on the substrate W through only the opening  11 , the oriented film material is adhered in the vicinity of the opening  11  at the bottom of the shielding plate  4 , further to the inner-edges of the opening  11  in general as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     The amount of adherence of the oriented film material  14  increases depending on how long the evaporation is performed. Therefore, there is concern that the film performance is degraded because of this. 
     In order to solve such a concern, it is necessary to frequently perform maintenance on inside the film formation chamber  2  such as changing the shielding plate  4 . However, productivity is lowered in this case. 
     This is because no matter how the evaporation is performed in a vacuum, when maintenance for inside the film formation chamber  2  is performed, it is necessary to adjust the pressure of the inside apparatus from a vacuum to an atmospheric pressure. 
     Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the desired pressure by suctioning the air from inside the film formation chamber  2  for evaporating again after maintenance. 
     However, suctioning the air from inside the film formation chamber  2  takes time. For example, in the case of evaporating a large substrate from which a plurality of substrates is taken, the evaporating apparatus must be large, and there is a substantial need for ten hours to one day to suction the air from inside the film formation chamber  2 . 
     Accordingly, in this invention, the openings  11  are formed on the shielding plate  4  as shown in  FIG. 3A , the used opening  11  is shifted by moving the shielding plate  4 , and the oriented film material is evaporated and deposited by using the unused opening  11  described above, after the forming of the oriented film has been performed during a predetermined time. 
     In this manner, it is possible to form the oriented film in an initial evaporating condition in stability, further to minimally suppress the reduction of productivity due to that the suctioning of the air from inside the film formation chamber  2  in order to exchange the shielding plate  4 . 
     In addition, in the case in which the elongated openings  11  are formed on a disciform shielding plate  4 , the elongated openings  11  may be radially formed relative to the center of the shielding plate  4  with constant circular pitch as a plan view shown in  FIG. 3B . In this case, the shielding plate  4  is rotatably held relative to the transporting plate  10 . 
     Thus, the shielding plate  4  can be rotated in the opening  10   a  in increments of a predetermined angle by a rotating mechanism (not shown) can rotate, thereby the unused opening  11  is shifted to the position of the used opening  11 , and this operation is repeated. 
     In the composition described above, similar to the case of the shielding plate  4  shown in  FIG. 3A , in the case in which the oriented film material is adhered to the inner-edges of one opening  11  partway, the used opening  11  is shifted by rotating the shielding plate  4 , thereby it is possible to form the oriented film again by using an unused opening  11 . 
     Therefore, in this manner, it is possible to form the oriented film in an initial evaporating condition in stability, further to minimally suppress the reduction of productivity due to that the suctioning of the air from inside the film formation chamber  2  in order to exchange the shielding plate  4 . 
     Here, it is possible to desirably obtain the above described effects by forming the openings  11  on the shielding plate  4  as shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , because the sublimating direction of the evaporation source  3   a  is regulated by the regulating member  5  partway in this invention. 
     Thus, the sublimating direction of the evaporation source  3   a  is regulated by the regulating member  5  partway, thereby the oriented film material evaporated from the evaporation source  3   a  substantially and selectively flows into an opening  11  selected from among the openings  11  of the shielding plate. The selected opening  11  is positioned at the sublimating direction of the evaporation source  3   a.    
     Thus, in the case in which the oriented film material is adhered to the inner-edges of one of the openings  11 , the other opening is adjusted to the sublimating direction of the evaporation source  3   a  by moving the shielding plate  4 . Therefore, it is possible to form the oriented film in an initial evaporating condition in stably. 
     Specifically, if a part of the oriented film material adheres to the inner-edges of the opening  11  when the oriented film material passes the inside of the opening  11 , the width of the elongated opening  11  becomes narrower than before. Thereby, an evaporating condition including the incidence angle regulated by the openings  11  is changed compared with an initial evaporating condition. 
     Accordingly, it is possible to form the oriented film in an initial evaporating condition of stability because of changing the used opening  11  to the unused opening  11  described above. 
     In the above described embodiment, a width of the elongated opening  11  is a constant width. With regard to the shielding plate  4 , the width of the opening  11  may be variable by adopting the same composition as the regulating member  5  as shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     Such a composition, when it is necessary to change the incidence angle or the like of the oriented film material regulated by the opening  11  due to changing the evaporation condition (sublimation condition) or due to a pretreatment condition of the substrate, it is possible to easily change an undesirable condition to a desirable condition by changing the width of the variable opening  11  of the shielding plate  4 . 
     Next, a liquid crystal device of this invention provided with the oriented film formed by the manufacturing method based on such manufacturing apparatus  1  is described. 
     The scale of members is suitably changed to make the members recognizable sizes in the drawings used in the following description. 
       FIG. 5  is a plan view of a TFT array substrate showing a schematic constitution of an embodiment of the liquid crystal device of this invention. 
     Reference numeral  80  is the TFT array substrate in  FIG. 5 . 
     An image forming area  101  is formed at the center of the TFT array substrate  80 . 
     A sealant  89  is arranged at the periphery of the image forming area  101 , and a liquid crystal layer (not shown) is sealed in the image forming area  101 . 
     The liquid crystal layer is formed by directly applying a liquid crystal onto the TFT array substrate  80 , becoming a so-called seal-less structure in which an injection port of liquid crystal is not provided for the sealant  89 . 
     Scanning line driving elements  110  for supplying a scanning signal to scanning lines described later and a data line driving element  120  for supplying an image signal to data lines described later are mounted to the outer side of the sealant  89 . 
     Wirings  76  are drawn around from the driving elements  110  and  120  to connection terminals  79  of the end of the TFT array substrate  80 . 
     On the other hand, a common electrode  61  (show in  FIG. 8 ) is formed on a facing substrate  90 . 
     This common electrode  61  is formed over nearly the entire image forming area  101 , and conducting parts  70  between substrates  80  and  90  are formed at four corners thereof. 
     Wirings  78  are drawn from conduction parts  70  between substrates  80  and  90  to the connection terminals  79 . 
     Then, the liquid crystal device is driven by supplying various signals input from the outside to the image forming area  101  via the connection terminals  79 . 
       FIG. 6  is an equivalent circuit of the liquid crystal device. 
     Each of pixel electrodes  49  is formed in each of plurality of image elements arranged in an arrayed arrangement (matrix arrangement) which construct the image forming area  101  of a transmission-type liquid crystal device. 
     Moreover, TFT elements  30  including switch elements for performing control of energization of the pixel electrodes  49  are formed on the side portion of the pixel electrodes  49 . 
     Data lines  46   a  are connected to sources of these TFT elements  30 . 
     Image signals S 1 , S 2 , - - - , Sn are supplied from the above-mentioned data line driving element  120  to the each of data lines  46   a.    
     Scanning lines  43   a  are connected to gates of the TFT elements  30 . 
     Scanning signals G 1 , G 2 , - - - , Gm are supplied from the above-mentioned scanning line driving elements  110  to the each of scanning lines  43   a  in pulses at a predetermined timing. 
     On the other hand, the pixel electrodes  49  are connected to drains the of TFT elements  30 . 
     If the TFT elements  30  including switch elements are turned ON only in a given period, the image signals S 1 , S 2 , - - - , Sn supplied from the data lines  46   a  are written in the liquid crystal of image elements at a predetermined timing via the pixel electrodes  49  by the scanning signals G 1 , G 2 , - - - , Gm supplied from the scanning lines  43   a.    
     The image signals S 1 , S 2 , - - - , Sn at a predetermined level written in the liquid crystal are held for a given period by liquid crystal capacities formed between the pixel electrodes  49  and the common electrode  61  described later. 
     Accumulative capacities  57  are formed between the pixel electrodes  49  and capacity lines  43   b  and are arranged in parallel to the liquid crystal capacities to prevent the held image signals S 1 , S 2 , - - - , Sn from leakage. 
     Thus, if a voltage signal is applied on the liquid crystal, the oriented state of liquid crystal molecules changes with the applied voltage level. 
     Thereby, light of the light source entering the liquid crystal is modulated to form light of an image. 
       FIG. 7  is a plan view of the planar structure of the liquid crystal device. 
     In the liquid crystal device of this embodiment, rectangular pixel electrodes  49  (their contours are shown by broken lines  49   a ) made of a transparent conductive material, such as Indium Tin Oxide (referred to as ITO hereinafter), are arrayed in an arrayed arrangement (matrix arrangement) on a TFT array substrate. 
     The data lines  46   a , scanning lines  43   a  and capacity lines  43   b  are provided along vertical and horizontal boundaries of the pixel electrodes  49 . 
     In this embodiment, the rectangular area formed with the pixel electrodes  49  includes image elements and becomes a structure capable of performing a display for each dot arranged in an arrayed arrangement. 
     The TFT elements  30  are formed with a semiconductor layer  41  made of a polysilicon film, etc., and position at the center of the semiconductor layer  41 . 
     The data lines  46   a  are connected to a drain region (described later) of the semiconductor layer  41  via connector holes  45 . 
     The pixel electrodes  49  are connected to a source region (to be described later) of the semiconductor layer  41  via connector holes  48 . 
     On the other hand, a channel region  41 ′ is formed in a section faced to the scanning line  43   a  in the semiconductor layer  41 . 
       FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of a sectional structure of the liquid crystal device taken along the line A-A′ of  FIG. 7 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , a liquid crystal device  60  of this embodiment is provided with a TFT array substrate  80 , a facing substrate  90  arranged faced to the TFT array substrate  80 , and a liquid crystal layer  50  held between the substrates  80  and  90  as the main body. 
     The TFT array substrate  80  is provided with the substrate body  80 A made of a translucent material such as glass or quartz, the TFT element  30 , the pixel electrode  49  formed at an inner side of the substrate body  80 A, the inorganic oriented film  86 , etc. as the main body. 
     On the other hand, the facing substrate  90  is provided with a substrate body  90 A made of a translucent material such as glass or quartz, the common electrode  61  formed at an inner side of the substrate body  90 A, the inorganic oriented film  92 , etc. as main body. 
     A first shading film  51  and a first interlayer insulating film  52  described later are formed at the surface of the TFT array substrate  80 . 
     Then, the semiconductor layer  41  is formed on the surface of the first interlayer insulating film  52 , and the TFT element  30  is formed with this semiconductor layer  41  as the center. 
     The channel region  41 ′ is formed in a portion faced to the scanning line  43   a  at the semiconductor layer  41 , and a source region and a drain region are formed at both sides of the semiconductor layer  41 . 
     An LDD (Lightly-Doped Drain) structure is adopted in the TFT element  30 , therefore a high-concentration region with a relatively high impurity concentration and a low-concentration region with a relatively low impurity concentration (LDD region) are formed in the source region and the drain region, respectively. 
     Therefore, a low-concentration source region  41   b  and a high-concentration source region  41   d  are formed in the source region, and a low-concentration drain region  41   c  and a high-concentration drain region  41   e  are formed in the drain region. 
     A gate insulating film  42  is formed on the surface of the semiconductor layer  41 . 
     Then, the scanning line  43   a  is formed on the surface of the gate insulating film  42 , and a portion faced to the channel region  41 ′ is a gate electrode. 
     A second interlayer insulating film  44  is formed on the surface of the gate insulating film  42  and the scanning line  43   a.    
     Then, the data line  46   a  is formed on the surface of the second interlayer insulating film  44 , and the data line  46   a  is connected to the high-concentration source region  41   d  via a connection hole  45  formed on the second interlayer insulating film  44 . 
     A third interlayer insulating film  47  is formed on the surface of the second interlayer insulating film  44  and on the data line  46   a.    
     Then, the pixel electrode  49  is formed on the surface of the third interlayer insulating film  47 , and the pixel electrodes  49  are connected to the high-concentration drain region  41   d  via a connection hole  48  formed in the second interlayer insulating film  44  and the third interlayer insulating film  47 . 
     Moreover, the inorganic oriented film  86  covering the pixel electrode  49  and formed by the manufacturing apparatus  1  is formed on the pixel electrode  49 , and can control the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules when applying a non-selective voltage. 
     In this embodiment, the semiconductor layer  41  is extended to form a first accumulative capacity electrode  41   f.    
     The gate insulating film  42  is extended to form a dielectric film, and the capacity line  43   b  is arranged on the surface of the dielectric film to form a second accumulative capacity electrode. 
     The above-mentioned accumulative capacity  57  is constructed by the first accumulative capacity electrode  41   f , the second accumulative capacity electrode (capacity line  43   b ), and the dielectric film (gate insulating film  42 ). 
     Furthermore, the first shading film  51  is formed on the surface of the substrate body  80 A corresponding to a region forming the TFT element  30 . 
     The first shading film  51  prevents light entering the liquid crystal device from entering into the channel region  41 ′, low-concentration source region  41   b  and low-concentration drain region  41   c  of the semiconductor layer  41 , etc. 
     On the other hand, a second shading film  63  is formed on the surface of the substrate body  90 A in the facing substrate  90 . 
     The second shading film  63  prevents light entering the liquid crystal device from entering into the channel region  41 ′, low-concentration source region  41   b  and low-concentration drain region  41   c  of the semiconductor layer  41 , etc., and is provided in a region overlapping with the semiconductor layer  41  in the plan view. 
     A common electrode  61  made of conductors such as ITO, etc. is formed over nearly the entire surface of the facing substrate  90 . 
     Furthermore, an inorganic oriented film  92  formed by the manufacturing apparatus  1  is formed on the surface of the common electrode  61  and can control the orientation of liquid crystal molecules when applying a non-selective voltage. 
     Then, the liquid crystal layer  50  including of a nematic liquid crystal, etc. is held between the TFT array substrate  80  and the facing substrate  90 . 
     These nematic liquid crystal molecules have a positive dielectric constant anisotropy, horizontally oriented along the substrate when applying a non-selective voltage, and vertically oriented along the direction of electric field when applying a selective voltage. 
     The nematic liquid crystal molecules have a positive index of refraction constant anisotropy, and a product of its birefringence and thickness of liquid crystal layer (retardation) Δnd becomes, e.g., about 0.40 μm (60° C.). 
     The direction of orientation control based on the oriented film  86  of the TFT array substrate  80  and the direction of orientation control based on the oriented film  92  of the facing substrate  90  are set to a twisted state of about 90°. 
     Thereby, the liquid crystal device  60  of this embodiment is operated by a twisted nematic mode. 
     Polarizing plates  58  and  68  made of a material from doping iodine in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), etc. are arranged at the outside of the two substrates  80  and  90 . 
     It is desirable that the polarizing plates  58  and  68  be mounted on a support substrate made of a high-thermal conductivity material, such as sapphire glass or quartz, etc., and arranged apart from the liquid crystal device  60 . 
     The polarizing plates  58  and  68  absorb linear polarization in the direction of its absorption axis and have a function of transmitting the linear polarization in the direction of its transmission axis. 
     The polarizing plate  58  arranged at the TFT array substrate  80  is so arranged so that its transmission axis is in substantially conformity to the direction of orientation control of the oriented film  86 , and the polarizing plate  68  arranged at the facing substrate  90  is so arranged that its transmission axis is in substantially conformity to the direction of orientation control of the oriented film  92 . 
     In the liquid crystal device  60 , an outside of the facing substrate  90  is faced to the light source. 
     Only the linear polarization in conformity with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate  68  in the light of the light source transmits through the polarizing plate  68  and enters the liquid crystal device  60 . 
     In the liquid crystal device  60  during the application of a non-selective voltage, the liquid crystal molecules oriented horizontally to the substrate are laminated and arranged in the form of a twisted helix of approximately 90° to the thickness direction of liquid crystal layer  50 . 
     Therefore, the linear polarized light entering the liquid crystal device  60  exits the liquid crystal device  60  with a rotation of approximately 90°. 
     The linear polarized light transmits through the polarizing plate  58  because it is in conformity with the transmission axis of polarizing plate  58 . 
     Accordingly, a white display is performed in the liquid crystal device  60  during the application of a non-selective voltage (normally white mode). 
     In the liquid crystal device  60  during the application of a selective voltage, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented vertically to the substrate. 
     Therefore, the linear polarized light entering the liquid crystal device  60  exits from the liquid crystal device  60  without rotation. 
     The linear polarized light does not transmit through the polarizing plate  58  because it is perpendicular to the transmission axis of polarizing plate  58 . 
     Accordingly, a black display is performed in the liquid crystal device  60  during the application of a selective voltage. 
     Here, the inorganic oriented films  86  and  92  formed by the manufacturing apparatus  1  are formed on the inner side of both substrates  80  and  90  as described above. 
     The inorganic oriented films  86  and  92  are suitably made of silicon oxide such as SiO 2  or SiO as described above, but they may also be made of metal oxides such as Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, MgO, ITO, etc. 
     In the liquid crystal device  60  having such inorganic oriented films  86  and  92 , since it is possible to prevent the degradation of the film performance of the oriented films  86  and  92  formed by the manufacturing apparatus  1  as described above, the liquid crystal device  60  itself also has desirable qualities. 
     Furthermore, since productivity of manufacturing the oriented films  86  and  92  can be improved, productivity of manufacturing the liquid crystal device  60  can be also improved. 
     Projector 
     An embodiment of a projector as the electronic device of this invention is described hereinafter with reference to  FIG. 9 . 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic block diagram showing the projector. 
     The projector is provided with the liquid crystal device relating to aforesaid embodiment as a photo-modulation section. 
     In  FIG. 9 , reference numeral  810  is a light source, reference numerals  813  and  814  are dichromic minors, reference numerals  815 ,  816  and  817  are reflecting minors, reference numeral  818  is an entrance lens, reference numeral  819  is a relay lens, reference numeral  829  is an exit lens, reference numerals  822 ,  823  and  824  are photo-modulation section consisting of the liquid crystal device of invention, reference numeral  825  is a cross dichromic prism, and reference numeral  826  is a projection lens. 
     The light source  810  includes a lamp  811  such as a metal halide lamp, etc. and a reflector  812  for reflecting light of the lamp. 
     The dichromic minor  813  transmits red light contained in white light radiated from the light source  810  and reflects blue light and green light. 
     The transmitted red light is reflected by the reflecting mirror  817  and enters the photo-modulation section  822  for red light. 
     The green light reflected by the dichromic mirror  813  is reflected by the dichromic minor  814  and enters the photo-modulation section  823  for green light. 
     The blue light is reflected by the dichromic mirror  813  and transmited through the dichromic mirror  814 . 
     A light-guiding section  821  provided with a relay lens system including the entrance lens  818 , relay lens  819  and exit lens  820  is provided to prevent light loss due to a long optical path for blue light. 
     The blue light enters the photo-modulation section  824  for blue light. 
     The three color lights modulated by the photo-modulation section  822 ,  823  and  824  enter the cross dichromatic prism  825 . 
     The cross dichromic prism  825  is formed by pasting four right-angle prisms. 
     A dielectric multi-layer film for reflecting red light and a dielectric multi-layer film for reflecting blue light are formed in the shape of X and on a boundary face of the prisms. 
     The three color lights are synthesized by the dielectric multi-layer films to form light expressing a color image. 
     The synthesized light is projected on a screen  827  by a projection lens  826  including the projection optical system. 
     The above-mentioned projector is provided with a liquid crystal device as the photo-modulation section. 
     The liquid crystal device is provided with inorganic oriented films excellent in light resistance and heat resistance as described above. 
     Therefore, the oriented films do not deteriorate due to strong light radiated from a light source or heat. 
     The liquid crystal device has desirable qualities and improved productivity, therefore the projector (electronic device) itself also has desirable qualities and improved productivity. 
     The technical scope of invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and embodiments added with various modifications to the above-mentioned embodiment are also included within parameters which do not deviate from the purpose of the invention. 
     For example, the liquid crystal device provided with TFT as switching elements was described as an example in the embodiment, but this invention is also applied to a liquid crystal device provided with two-terminal elements, such as thin film diodes, etc. as switching elements. 
     A transmission-type liquid crystal device was described as an example in the embodiment, but it is also possible to apply this invention to a reflection-type liquid crystal device. 
     A liquid crystal device functioning by TN (Twisted Nematic) mode was described as an example in the embodiment, but it is also possible to apply this invention to a liquid crystal device functioning by VA (Vertical Alignment) mode. 
     A three-plate type projection display device was described as an example in the embodiment, but it is also possible to apply this invention to a single-plate type projection display device or a direct-view display device. 
     It is also possible to apply this invention to electronic device other than the projector. 
     A portable telephone can be given as a specific example thereof. 
     The portable telephone is provided with a liquid crystal device relating to the above-mentioned embodiments or their modified examples in the display unit. As other electronic device, for example, IC card, video camera, PC computer, head-mount display, moreover, fax device with display function, finder of a digital camera, portable TV, DSP device, PDA, electronic notebook, electric light notice board, display for propagation and announcement, etc. are given.