Patent Publication Number: US-7899696-B2

Title: Application of brokering methods to recoverability characteristics

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is related in some aspects to commonly owned patent application Ser. No. 11/756,367, entitled “RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK”, filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     This application is related in some aspects to commonly owned patent application Ser. No. 11/756,360, entitled “METHOD, SYSTEM, AND PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR SELECTING A BROKERING METHOD FOR OBTAINING DESIRED SERVICE LEVEL CHARACTERISTICS”, filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     This application is related in some aspects to commonly owned patent application Ser. No. 11/756,374, entitled “NON-DEPLETING CHIPS FOR OBTAINING DESIRED SERVICE LEVEL CHARACTERISTICS”, filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     This application is related in some aspects to commonly owned patent application Ser. No. 11/756,357, entitled “DISCRETE, DEPLETING CHIPS FOR OBTAINING DESIRED SERVICE LEVEL CHARACTERISTICS”, filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     This application is related in some aspects to commonly owned patent application Ser. No. 11/756,352, entitled “FLUID, DEPLETING CHIPS FOR OBTAINING DESIRED SERVICE LEVEL CHARACTERISTICS”, filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     This application is related in some aspects to commonly owned patent application Ser. No. 11/756,313, entitled “APPLICATION OF BROKERING METHODS TO AVAILABILITY CHARACTERISTICS”, filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     This application is related in some aspects to commonly owned patent application Ser. No. 11/756,386, entitled “APPLICATION OF BROKERING METHODS TO PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS”, filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     This application is related in some aspects to commonly owned patent application Ser. No. 11/756,426, entitled “APPLICATION OF BROKERING METHODS TO SECURITY CHARACTERISTICS”, filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     This application is related in some aspects to commonly owned patent application Ser. No. 11/756,416, entitled “APPLICATION OF BROKERING METHODS TO SCALABILITY CHARACTERISTICS”, filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     This application is related in some aspects to commonly owned patent application Ser. No. 11/756,406, entitled “APPLICATION OF BROKERING METHODS TO OPERATIONAL SUPPORT CHARACTERISTICS”, filed concurrently herewith, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention generally relates to the brokering of recoverability characteristics. Specifically, the present invention relates to the application of brokering methods and chip allocation/management methods to brokering recoverability characteristics. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Businesses are experiencing an ever-increasing trend to achieve higher utilization of computing resources. Companies that provide their own IT computing services are being driven to find ways to decrease costs by increasing utilization. Moreover, companies that provide these services are being driven to reduce overhead and become more competitive by increasing utilization of these resources. Numerous studies over the past decade have shown that typical utilization levels of computing resources within service delivery centers, raised floors, and data centers fall between 20% and 80%. This leaves a tremendous amount of white space with which to improve utilization and drive costs down. 
     These issues are compounded by the fact that, in many instances, multiple parties compete for common resources. Such competition can occur both on an inter-organization level as well as on an intra-organization level (e.g., between business units). To this extent, none of the existing approaches address how many resources a particular party is allowed to consume. That is, none of the existing approaches provide a way to adequately ration a party the computational resources in a way that will fulfill its needs, while not preventing the needs of other parties&#39; from being met. Accordingly, there exists a need in the art to overcome the deficiencies and limitations described hereinabove. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Aspects of this application describes the application of resource unit brokering algorithms, chip management methods for automated brokering, chip management methods for live brokering, and chip allocation methods to the brokering of recoverability characteristics of service level management within an enterprise. Typically, the recoverability characteristics are derived from known capacity values that are provided by configuration managers. Calculations are made on the capacity values and maximum quantities of the availability resource units are provided to resource brokers for spot or periodic sale and auction to one or more buyer&#39;s agents. Among other things, this application describes the offering of recoverability service level characteristics for sale or auction in a Service Level and IT Resource Optimization framework. 
     One aspect of the present invention provides a method for applying brokering methods to recoverability characteristics, comprising: obtaining configuration information; translating the configuration information that pertains to a recoverability service category into a quantity of resource units; dividing the quantity of resource units by an associated cost for each of a set of service levels; determining a maximum quantity of each of the set of service levels that can be allocated for the quantity of resource units; and generating a matrix of possible configurations. 
     Another aspect of the present invention provides a system for applying brokering methods to recoverability characteristics, comprising: a system for obtaining configuration information; a system for translating the configuration information that pertains to a recoverability service category into a quantity of resource units; a system for dividing the quantity of resource units by an associated cost for each of a set of service levels; a system for determining a maximum quantity of each of the set of service levels that can be allocated for the quantity of resource units; and a system for generating a matrix of possible configurations. 
     Another aspect of the present invention provides a program product stored on a computer readable medium for applying brokering methods to recoverability characteristics, the computer readable medium comprising program code for causing a computer system to: obtain configuration information; translate the configuration information that pertains to a recoverability service category into a quantity of resource units; divide the quantity of resource units by an associated cost for each of a set of service levels; determine a maximum quantity of each of the set of service levels that can be allocated for the quantity of resource units; and generate a matrix of possible configurations. 
     Another aspect of the present invention provides computer software embodied in a propagated signal for applying brokering methods to recoverability characteristics, the computer software comprising instructions for causing a computer system to: obtain configuration information; translate the configuration information that pertains to a recoverability service category into a quantity of resource units; divide the quantity of resource units by an associated cost for each of a set of service levels; determine a maximum quantity of each of the set of service levels that can be allocated for the quantity of resource units; and generate a matrix of possible configurations. 
     Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for deploying a system for applying brokering methods to recoverability characteristics, comprising: providing a computer infrastructure being operable to: obtain configuration information; translate the configuration information that pertains to a recoverability service category into a quantity of resource units; divide the quantity of resource units by an associated cost for each of a set of service levels; determine a maximum quantity of each of the set of service levels that can be allocated for the quantity of resource units; and generate a matrix of possible configurations. 
     Another aspect of the present invention provides a data processing system for applying brokering methods to recoverability characteristics, comprising: a processing unit, a bus coupled to the processing unit, a memory medium coupled to the bus, the bus comprising instructions, which when executed by the processing unit cause the data processing system to: obtain configuration information; translate the configuration information that pertains to a recoverability service category into a quantity of resource units; divide the quantity of resource units by an associated cost for each of a set of service levels; determine a maximum quantity of each of the set of service levels that can be allocated for the quantity of resource units; and generate a matrix of possible configurations. 
     Each of these aspects also include the following features (among others): using the matrix in an auction of computer resources; determining a winner of the auction; applying a multiplier to a bid of chips submitted by the winner to yield an adjusted amount of chips; deducting the adjusted amount of chips from a quantity of chips allocated to the winner; the bid being submitted to a resource unit broker by an agent on behalf of a party, and the bid being one a plurality of bids submitted by at least one agent on behalf of a plurality of parties; and the matrix being provided to the resource unit broker. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other features of this invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of the various aspects of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows an illustrative resource management framework according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  depicts a method flow diagram according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  shows a more detailed computerized implementation of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     The drawings are not necessarily to scale. The drawings are merely schematic representations, not intended to portray specific parameters of the invention. The drawings are intended to depict only typical embodiments of the invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. In the drawings, like numbering represents like elements. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     For convenience purposes, the Detailed Description of the Invention has the following sections: 
     I. General Description 
     II. Computerized Implementation 
     I. General Description 
     As used herein, the following terms have the following definitions: 
     “Chip” means any unit (virtual or otherwise) that may be exchanged for resources such as IT resources. 
     “Party” means any individual, group of individuals, department, business unit, cell of a component business model, etc. 
     “Discrete Event” means a scheduled event such as an auction. 
     “Fluid Event” means any non-scheduled event such as a random purchase. 
     “Service Level Characteristic” means any type of computer or IT requirement needed by the business, including any non-functional requirements that specify criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviors. 
     “Elemental Bidding Resource (EBR)” means any computational resource (e.g., memory, processing cycles, etc.) sought by a party to accomplish objectives. 
     As indicated above, this application describes (among other things) the application of resource unit brokering algorithms, chip management methods for automated brokering, chip management methods for live brokering, and chip allocation methods to the brokering of recoverability characteristics of service level management within an enterprise. Typically, the recoverability characteristics are derived from known capacity values that are provided by configuration managers. Calculations are made on the capacity values and maximum quantities of the availability resource units are provided to resource brokers for spot or periodic sale and auction to one or more buyers&#39; agents. Among other things, this application describes the offering of recoverability service level characteristics for sale or auction in a Service Level and IT Resource Optimization framework. 
     Each service level category within a service level management framework can be decomposed into numerous component building blocks that tie into the sundry infrastructure categories within the IT infrastructure. These infrastructure categories include the storage subsystems, storage networks, servers or hosts, local area networks, operating systems and applications. It is understood that there might be other infrastructure categories depending upon how the infrastructure components of IT are decomposed. 
     The existence of certain components or quantities of components in each infrastructure category will predicate the ability to provide a particular service or provide differing service levels of the service. These components can be expressed typically in terms of capacities, assets, personnel and configurations. It is these constituent capacities, assets, personnel and configurations that are grouped and offered to aid in the support of a particular service level. It is not necessarily the intention of this application to discuss the groups that comprise a particular service level. Rather, this application to describe the need for these groups and how multiple groups of capacities, assets, personnel and configurations are required to define service levels. The constituent capacities, assets, personnel and configurations each have unique enablers that allow them to fit into the overall Service Level and IT Resource Optimization framework. This application describes (among other things) illustrative methods and process to take a suggested grouping of constituent capacities, assets, personnel and configurations as they relate to a recoverability service category and enable them to be sold, bartered and auctioned in the Service Level and IT Resource Optimization framework. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a resource management framework (hereinafter framework  10 ) is depicted as described in Ser. No. 11/756,367, which was cross-referenced and incorporated above. This framework is typically leveraged under the present invention, and hence, is being shown and described in conjunction with  FIG. 1 . As shown, framework  10  is generally comprised of business units  12 A-N, buyer&#39;s agents  14 A-N, resource unit capacity planner  16 , resource allocation software  18 , optional resource unit change and configuration manager  20 , and resource unit broker  28 . These components typically leverage additional assets such as chip usage trending  21 A-N, requester chip pool  22 A-N, and service level and infrastructure category baseline  24 . 
     An objective of framework  10  is to reach a means of maximizing utilization of IT Resources among competing consumers such as business units  12 A-B by distribution of the decision making/allocation process according to relative needs of applications. Doing so eliminates the need for traditional service level agreements (SLAs), and allows each business unit  12 A-N to make dynamic “free market” decisions as to how best to obtain the service levels required from a highly-commoditized IT service provider. 
     To this end, business units  12 A-N relay their priorities and computing needs to the buyer&#39;s agents  14 A-N. Buyer&#39;s agents  14 A-N then determine whether to engage in cooperative or competitive negotiations and implement a request for an EBR on the business units&#39;  12 A-N behalf. Various methods can be employed by the resource unit broker  28  to fulfill requests for resources to consumers or business units  12 A-N. One method is using non-depleting chips (as further described in Ser. No. 11/756,374, which was cross-referenced and incorporated above), another involves the use of discrete chips (as further described in Ser. No. 11/756,357, which was cross-referenced and incorporated above). Yet another involves the use of fluid chips (as further described in Ser. No. 11/756,325, which was cross-referenced and incorporated above). Regardless, the buyers&#39; agents  14 A-N understand the thresholds business units  12 A-N are willing to pay, their associated targets for various service level characteristics, and will programmatically employ the most advantageous bidding strategy. 
     The resource unit capacity planner  16  reports to resource unit brokers  28  (i.e., auctioneers) what resources are available (e.g., infrastructure components) at any given time. Resource allocation software  18  includes products such as Enterprise Workload manager (EWLM), WebSphere XD, and Partition Load Manager (EWLM, Enterprise Workload Manager, WebSphere XD, and Partition Load Manage are trademarks of IBM Corp. in the United States and/or other countries). The goal-oriented policies within these products are updated by inputs from the resource unit broker  28  and/or resource unit broker capacity  16 . Change management may be all self-contained in resource allocation software  18 , or there may be cases where additional change control needs to be performed. This functionality is provided herein by optional resource unit change and configuration manager  20 . 
     As indicated above, the present invention involves the management and/or allocation of discrete, depleting chips to parties such as business units  12 A-N. That is, business units  12 A-N will be allocated a certain/fixed quantity of chips pursuant to a business transaction (e.g., a financial transaction). Those chips can then be used for bidding in an attempt to be allocated computational resources. Under an embodiment of the present invention, the chips are considered discrete because they are intended to be used in a scheduled event such as a scheduled auction. In this regard, auction winners are granted resources for known periods of time, and can thus base future decisions on the knowledge that they are ensured the desired resources for the duration of the allocation cycle. 
     Consider, for the sake of simplicity, the case where only two business units  12 A-N are competing for IT resources. These business units  12 A-N will be known simply as BU 1  and BU 2 , and each is represented by its own respective agent software. In the discrete chip model, again, periodic auctions are held, and winners determined for the duration of the allocation cycle, such that resources are distributed accordingly. Specifically, agents  14 A-N will submit bids on behalf of business units  12 A-N. Each bid is for an amount (e.g., one or more) of chips that were allocated to business units  12 A-N. It should be noted that each business unit  12 A-N is not necessarily allocated the same amount of chips. For example, business unit “A” may be able to purchase more chips than business unit “B”. In any event, resource unit broker  28  will act as an auctioneer and determine a winner. As part of its role, resource unit broker  28  will communicate with resource unit capacity planner  16  and resource allocation software  18  as outlined above. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , a method flow diagram according to the present invention is shown. Initially, in step S 1 , current configuration information (CI) is maintained by an external process or system, wherein this CI is passed along. This CI includes capacities, assets, personnel, systems and the like that are arranged into supported configurations to support the IT infrastructure. The particular CI that pertains most to the recoverability service category is translated into a resource unit in step S 2 , which is the most granular unit of asset, personnel, capacity, etc. that can be described. For example, there might exist 80 TBs of usable storage capacity available in the storage infrastructure category that can be provisioned to for new use. The smallest allocatable increment of capacity is 100 GB and is set by IT policy. Therefore, there exists 800 storage capacity resource units. This simple example can be expanded to numbers of physical servers, number of network interface cards (NICs), number of resources required to support incident management processes, etc. In step S 3 , each resource unit group is further decomposed into a varying level of service based upon the maximum CI information for recoverability service level categories by dividing the total CI information for each recoverability service level related capacities, assets, personnel and configurations by the elemental biddable resource cost for that supported configuration, where a configuration is a logical collection of capacities, assets and personnel to meet or exceed a service level. 
     As depicted in step S 4 , the resource units that comprise the recoverability service category generally include (among others) the: number of backup and archive copies required per a minimum provisioned capacity unit; number of PiT replication copies per a minimum provisioned capacity unit; and number of continuous replication copies per a minimum provisioned capacity unit. Each resource unit can be grouped into several infrastructure category configurations to form a varying series of service levels, called elemental biddable resources (EBR). The EBR is assigned a simple weight to denote its “cost” or complexity of implementation compared to other EBRs in that particular infrastructure category. The scale can be described by the following: 
     EBR  1  is the same as a single resource unit, 
     EBR  2  is approx. double in complexity or cost above EBR  1 , 
     EBR  3  is approx. double in complexity or cost above EBR  2 , 
     EBR  5  is approx. double in complexity or cost above EBR  3 . 
     Note: the quantifiable difference between each entry in the EBR scale is not novel by itself, but it is important to note that there are differences in each entry and that going from the lowest (1 in this example) to the highest (5 in this example) the service levels improve. Additionally, the numbering system is arbitrary, suffice that each entry be unique and lower numbers equate to lower levels of service. 
     Once the EBR scale is defined for each applicable infrastructure category, a calculation is made in step S 5  to determine how much of each resource unit can be allocated to maintain a service level configuration. Once the EBR scale is defined for each applicable infrastructure category, a calculation is made to determine how much of each resource unit can be allocated to maintain a service level configuration. For example, if the CI returns that 50 TBs are available for provisioning where the provisioned standard unit is 1 TB, the calculations made in each step shows that for: 
     EBR  1 : up to 50 (50/1) TBs are available for non-PiT replication; 
     EBR  2 : up to 33 (50/1.5) TBs are available for PiT replication with 1.5; copies; 
     EBR  3 : up to 25 (50/2) TBs are available for PiT replication with 2 copies; and 
     EBR  5 : up to 16 (50/3) TBs are available for PiT replication with copies. 
     A matrix of maximum possible configurations for each EBR scale is provided to the resource unit broker(s) along with a reserve price for each resource unit configuration in the scale in step S 6 . In step S 7 , the resource unit broker(s) auction or sell the resource units to the buyers&#39; agents and win results including number of chips used to win the bid are provided back to this process. In making this transaction, any algorithm or theory could be applied (e.g., static event(s), discrete event(s). Regardless, in step S 8 , a multiplier is applied to the number chips used to win and the adjusted amount is deducted from the chip bank for the winning buyer&#39;s agent. This multiplier is based on an EBR scale such as the following: 
     EBR  1 : chips required to win x1 
     EBR  2 : chips required to win x2 
     EBR  3 : chips required to win x3 
     EBR  5 : chips required to win x5 
     In an alternate embodiment, this multiplier can used to set the reserve bid for each resource unit configuration available as opposed to a multiplier at the end of the auction process. By adjusting the multiplier, more or less economies of scale can be realized. The inventors also denote that the multiplier need not be static and in fact can be adjusted based upon resource unit supply. Regardless, in step S 9 , those resource unit configurations are placed in a consumed state and updated configuration information is sent to the configuration manager or configuration management process. In step S 10 , an inquiry request is sent to the winning buyers agent to provide more details on the nature of provisioning the winning resource unit configuration, such as when to provision the resources and other capacity information as required. In step S 11 , the resource unit configurations are allocated as requested. The process can then be repeated for each buyer&#39;s agent and/or for each resource unit configuration available. 
     II. Computerized Implementation 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , a more detailed diagram of a computerized implementation  100  of the present invention is shown. As depicted, implementation  100  includes computer system  104  deployed within a computer infrastructure  102 . This is intended to demonstrate, among other things, that the present invention could be implemented within a network environment (e.g., the Internet, a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), a virtual private network (VPN), etc.), or on a stand-alone computer system. In the case of the former, communication throughout the network can occur via any combination of various types of communications links. For example, the communication links can comprise addressable connections that may utilize any combination of wired and/or wireless transmission methods. Where communications occur via the Internet, connectivity could be provided by conventional TCP/IP sockets-based protocol, and an Internet service provider could be used to establish connectivity to the Internet. Still yet, computer infrastructure  102  is intended to demonstrate that some or all of the components of implementation  100  could be deployed, managed, serviced, etc. by a service provider who offers to implement, deploy, and/or perform the functions of the present invention for others. 
     As shown, computer system  104  includes a processing unit  106 , a memory  108 , a bus  110 , and input/output (I/O) interfaces  112 . Further, computer system  104  is shown in communication with external I/O devices/resources  114  and storage system  116 . In general, processing unit  106  executes computer program code, such as recoverability program  118 , which is stored in memory  108  and/or storage system  116 . While executing computer program code, processing unit  106  can read and/or write data to/from memory  108 , storage system  116 , and/or I/O interfaces  112 . Bus  110  provides a communication link between each of the components in computer system  104 . External devices  114  can comprise any devices (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, display, etc.) that enable a user to interact with computer system  104  and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable computer system  104  to communicate with one or more other computing devices. 
     Computer infrastructure  102  is only illustrative of various types of computer infrastructures for implementing the invention. For example, in one embodiment, computer infrastructure  102  comprises two or more computing devices (e.g., a server cluster) that communicate over a network to perform the process(es) of the invention. Moreover, computer system  104  is only representative of various possible computer systems that can include numerous combinations of hardware. To this extent, in other embodiments, computer system  104  can comprise any specific purpose computing article of manufacture comprising hardware and/or computer program code for performing specific functions, any computing article of manufacture that comprises a combination of specific purpose and general purpose hardware/software, or the like. In each case, the program code and hardware can be created using standard programming and engineering techniques, respectively. Moreover, processing unit  106  may comprise a single processing unit, or be distributed across one or more processing units in one or more locations, e.g., on a client and server. Similarly, memory  108  and/or storage system  116  can comprise any combination of various types of data storage and/or transmission media that reside at one or more physical locations. Further, I/O interfaces  112  can comprise any system for exchanging information with one or more external device  114 . Still further, it is understood that one or more additional components (e.g., system software, math co-processing unit, etc.) not shown in  FIG. 3  can be included in computer system  104 . However, if computer system  104  comprises a handheld device or the like, it is understood that one or more external devices  114  (e.g., a display) and/or storage system  116  could be contained within computer system  104 , not externally as shown. 
     Storage system  116  can be any type of system (e.g., a database) capable of providing storage for information under the present invention. To this extent, storage system  116  could include one or more storage devices, such as a magnetic disk drive or an optical disk drive. In another embodiment, storage system  116  includes data distributed across, for example, a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN) or a storage area network (SAN) (not shown). In addition, although not shown, additional components, such as cache memory, communication systems, system software, etc., may be incorporated into computer system  104 . It should be understood computer system  104  could be any combination of hardware and/or software. It is shown as such to illustrate the functions as described herein. To this extent, the functions of computer system  104  could be provided by any of the components of  FIG. 1  (e.g., agents  14 A-N, resource unit broker  28  (shown separately in  FIG. 3  for illustrative purposes). 
     Shown in memory  108  of computer system  104  is recoverability program  118 , which facilitates the functions as described herein. It should be understood that resource unit broker  28  can provide any of functions described in the above-incorporated applications. As depicted, recoverability program  118  includes input system  120 , translation system  122 , division system  124 , matrix system  126 , and output system  128 . It should be understood that this configuration of functionality is intended to be illustrative only, and that identical or similar functionality could be provided with a different configuration of systems. 
     In any event, recoverability program  118  facilitates the functions as described herein. Specifically, input system  120  is configured to obtain configuration information, and extract any configuration information pertaining to recoverability. Translation system  122  will then translate the configuration information that pertains to a recoverability service category into a quantity of resource units. Division system  124  divides the quantity of resource units by an associated cost for each of a set of service levels. Matrix system  126  will determine a maximum quantity of each of the set of service levels that can be allocated for the quantity of resource units, and generate a matrix of possible configurations. Output system  128  will provide the matrix to resource unit broker  28  (in the event that recoverability program  118  is not provided directly on resource unit broker  28 ). In any event, upon receipt of the matrix, resource unit broker  28  will use the matrix in an auction of computer resources, determine a winner of the auction, apply a multiplier to a bid of chips submitted by the winner to yield an adjusted amount of chips, and deducting the adjusted amount of chips from a quantity of chips allocated to the winner. These functions could be provided by an auction program or the like (having one or more subsystems. Such an auction program could incorporate any of the functions of the above-incorporated applications. 
     While shown and described herein as a method and system for applying brokering characteristics to recoverability characteristics, it is understood that the invention further provides various alternative embodiments. For example, in one embodiment, the invention provides a computer-readable/useable medium that includes computer program code to enable a computer infrastructure to apply brokering methods to recoverability characteristics. To this extent, the computer-readable/useable medium includes program code that implements the process(es) of the invention. It is understood that the terms computer-readable medium or computer useable medium comprises one or more of any type of physical embodiment of the program code. In particular, the computer-readable/useable medium can comprise program code embodied on one or more portable storage articles of manufacture (e.g., a compact disc, a magnetic disk, a tape, etc.), on one or more data storage portions of a computing device, such as memory  108  ( FIG. 3 ) and/or storage system  116  ( FIG. 3 ) (e.g., a fixed disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a cache memory, etc.), and/or as a data signal (e.g., a propagated signal) traveling over a network (e.g., during a wired/wireless electronic distribution of the program code). 
     In another embodiment, the invention provides a business method that performs the process of the invention on a subscription, advertising, and/or fee basis. That is, a service provider, such as a Solution Integrator, could offer to apply brokering methods to recoverability characteristics. In this case, the service provider can create, maintain, support, etc., a computer infrastructure, such as computer infrastructure  102  ( FIG. 3 ) that performs the process of the invention for one or more customers. In return, the service provider can receive payment from the customer(s) under a subscription and/or fee agreement and/or the service provider can receive payment from the sale of advertising content to one or more third parties. 
     In still another embodiment, the invention provides a computer-implemented method for applying brokering methods to recoverability characteristics. In this case, a computer infrastructure, such as computer infrastructure  102  ( FIG. 3 ), can be provided and one or more systems for performing the process of the invention can be obtained (e.g., created, purchased, used, modified, etc.) and deployed to the computer infrastructure. To this extent, the deployment of a system can comprise one or more of: (1) installing program code on a computing device, such as computer system  104  ( FIG. 3 ), from a computer-readable medium; (2) adding one or more computing devices to the computer infrastructure; and (3) incorporating and/or modifying one or more existing systems of the computer infrastructure to enable the computer infrastructure to perform the process of the invention. 
     As used herein, it is understood that the terms “program code” and “computer program code” are synonymous and mean any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a computing device having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following: (a) conversion to another language, code or notation; and/or (b) reproduction in a different material form. To this extent, program code can be embodied as one or more of: an application/software program, component software/a library of functions, an operating system, a basic I/O system/driver for a particular computing and/or I/O device, and the like. 
     A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code can be provided hereunder and can include at least one processor communicatively coupled, directly or indirectly, to memory element(s) through a system bus. The memory elements can include, but are not limited to, local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories that provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution. Input/output or I/O devices (including, but not limited to, keyboards, displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system either directly or through intervening I/O controllers. 
     Network adapters also may be coupled to the system to enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data processing systems, remote printers, storage devices, and/or the like, through any combination of intervening private or public networks. Illustrative network adapters include, but are not limited to, modems, cable modems and Ethernet cards. 
     The foregoing description of various aspects of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously, many modifications and variations are possible. Such modifications and variations that may be apparent to a person skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the accompanying claims.