Patent Publication Number: US-2023159613-A1

Title: T cell receptor recognising kras mutation and encoding sequence thereof

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a T-cell receptor (TCR) capable of recognising a short peptide derived from a KRAS G12V antigen and an encoding sequence thereof. The present disclosure also relates to KRAS G12V-specific T cells obtained by transducing the TCR and use thereof in the prevention and treatment of diseases related to KRAS G12V. 
     BACKGROUND 
     KRAS gene (p21 gene) is a rat sarcoma virus oncogene, which is about 35 kb long and located on chromosome 12. It is a member of ras gene family and encodes the KRAS protein. The KRAS gene can be divided into the wild-type KRAS gene or the mutant-type KRAS gene. Under normal conditions, the wild-type KRAS can control the pathway of regulating the cell growth. Once the wild-type KRAS mutates, it will continuously stimulate the cell growth and cause tumor. The common mutation sites of the KRAS gene are located at codons 12 and 13 of exon 2 of the KRAS gene, among which G12V is one of the seven common mutation sites (Chin J Lab Med. November 2012, Vol. 35, No. 11). The KRAS protein encoded by the KRAS mutant (mKRAS) will be continuously activated, and then the cell proliferation will be out of control, resulting in the formation of tumors. Studies have shown that KRAS-G12V is related to a variety of human malignant tumors, comprising but not limited to lung cancer and colorectal cancer (Tumour Biol. 2016 May; 37 (5): 6823-30), pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer (J Cancer 2019; 10 (4): 821-828), etc., and tumor patients with KRAS-G12V mutation have the shortest survival time (Br J Cancer. 2015 Oct. 20; 113(8): 1206-1215). VVGAVGVGK (SEQ ID NO: 9) or VVVGAVGVGK (SEQ ID NO: 38) is a short peptide derived from the KRAS G12V antigen and is a target for the treatment of KRAS G12V-related diseases. 
     T cell adoptive immunotherapy is to transfer reactive T cells with specificity for target cell antigen into patients to make theses reactive T cells act on target cells. T-cell receptor (TCR) is a membrane protein on the surface of T cells, which can recognise the corresponding antigenic peptides on the surface of target cells. In the immune system, once antigen-specific TCRs bind to peptide-Major Histocompatibility Complexes (pMHC complexes), it causes direct physical contact of a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell (APC). Then, the interaction of other membrane molecules in both of the T cell and APC occurs and the subsequent cell signaling and other physiological responses are initiated so that a range of different antigen-specific T cells exert immune effects on their target cells. Therefore, those skilled in the art are committed to isolating TCRs that are specific for KRAS G12V antigen mutation short peptides and transducing T cells with such TCRs to obtain T cells having specificity for KRAS G12V antigen short peptides, so that they function in cellular immunotherapy. 
     SUMMARY 
     The object of the present disclosure is to provide a T-cell receptor capable of recognising a KRAS G12V antigen short peptide. 
     In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a T-cell receptor (TCR) is provided, which is capable of specifically binding to a VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR comprises a TCRα chain variable domain and a TCRβ chain variable domain, an amino acid sequence of CDR3 of the TCRα chain variable domain is ASLKGNNDMR (SEQ ID NO: 12); and/or an amino acid sequence of CDR3 of the TCRβ chain variable domain is ASSSSRWEQQF (SEQ ID NO: 15). 
     In another preferred embodiment, three complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of the TCRα chain variable domain are: 
                            (SEQ ID NO: 10)           α CDR1-DRVSQS;                       (SEQ ID NO: 11)           α CDR2-IYSNGD;           and                       (SEQ ID NO: 12)           α CDR3- ASLKGNNDMR;            
and/or
         three CDRs of the TCRβ chain variable domain are:       

     
       
         
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 13) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR1- SGHVS; 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 14) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR2- FQNEAQ; 
               
               
                   
                 and 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 15) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR3- ASSSSRWEQQF. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR is also capable of specifically binding to a VVVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR comprises a TCRα chain variable domain and a TCRβ chain variable domain, where the TCRα chain variable domain is an amino acid sequence having at least 90% of sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1; and/or the TCRβ chain variable domain is an amino acid sequence having at least 90% of sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 5. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR comprises an α chain variable domain amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR comprises a β chain variable domain amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 5. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR is an αβ heterodimer and comprises a TCRα chain constant region TRAC*01 and a TCRβ chain constant region TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the α chain amino acid sequence of the TCR is SEQ ID NO: 3 and/or the β chain amino acid sequence of the TCR is SEQ ID NO: 7. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR is soluble. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR is a single chain. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR is formed by linking the α chain variable domain and the β chain variable domain by a peptide linker sequence. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR has one or more mutations in an α chain variable region amino acid at position 11, 13, 19, 21, 53, 76, 89, 91 or 94, and/or an α chain J gene short peptide amino acid at reciprocal position 3, 5 or 7; and/or the TCR has one or more mutations in a β chain variable region amino acid at position 11, 13, 19, 21, 53, 76, 89, 91 or 94, and/or a β chain J gene short peptide amino acid at reciprocal position 2, 4 or 6, wherein the positions in an amino acid sequence are numbered according to the position numbers listed in the International Immunogenetics Information System (IMGT). 
     In another preferred embodiment, the α chain variable domain amino acid sequence of the TCR comprises SEQ ID NO: 32 and/or the β chain variable domain amino acid sequence of the TCR comprises SEQ ID NO: 34. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the amino acid sequence of the TCR is SEQ ID NO: 30. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR comprises (a) all or part of the TCR α chain other than its transmembrane domain; and (b) all or part of the TCR β chain other than its transmembrane domain; and 
     (a) and (b) each comprise a functional variable domain, or comprise at least part of a functional variable domain and the TCR chain constant domain. 
     In another preferred embodiment, cysteine residues form an artificial disulfide bond between the α and β chain constant domains of the TCR. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the cysteine residues forming the artificial disulfide bond in the TCR are substituted for one or more groups of amino acids selected from the following:
         Thr48 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Ser57 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1;   Thr45 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Ser77 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1;   Tyr10 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Ser17 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1;   Thr45 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Asp59 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1;   Ser15 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Glu15 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1;   Arg53 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Ser54 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1;   Pro89 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Ala19 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1; and   Tyr10 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Glu20 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1.       

     In another preferred embodiment, the α chain amino acid sequence of the TCR is SEQ ID NO: 26 and/or the β chain amino acid sequence of the TCR is SEQ ID NO: 28. 
     In another preferred embodiment, an artificial interchain disulfide bond is contained between an α chain constant region and a β chain constant region of the TCR. 
     In another preferred embodiment, cysteine residues forming the artificial interchain disulfide bond in the TCR are substituted for one or more groups of amino acids selected from the following:
         an amino acid at position 46 of TRAV and an amino acid at position 60 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1;   an amino acid at position 47 of TRAV and an amino acid at position 61 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1;   an amino acid at position 46 of TRAV and an amino acid at position 61 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1; or   an amino acid at position 47 of TRAV and an amino acid at position 60 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1.       

     In another preferred embodiment, the TCR comprises an α chain variable domain, a β chain variable domain and all or part of a β chain constant domain other than its transmembrane domain, which, however, does not comprise an α chain constant domain, and the α chain variable domain of the TCR and the β chain form a heterodimer. 
     In another preferred embodiment, a conjugate binds to the α chain and/or β chain of the TCR at C- or N-terminal. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the conjugate that binds to the TCR is a detectable label, a therapeutic agent, a PK modified moiety or a combination of any of these substances. Preferably, the therapeutic agent is an anti-CD3 antibody. 
     In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a multivalent TCR complex comprising at least two TCR molecules is provided, and wherein at least one TCR molecule is the TCR of the first aspect of the present disclosure. 
     In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a nucleic acid molecule is provided, which comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the TCR molecule of the first aspect of the present disclosure or a complement sequence thereof. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 33 encoding the TCRα chain variable domain. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 35 encoding the TCRβ chain variable domain. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 encoding the TCRα chain and/or comprises a nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 8 encoding the TCRβ chain. 
     In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a vector is provided, which comprises the nucleic acid molecule of the third aspect of the present disclosure; preferably, the vector is a virus vector; and more preferably, the vector is a lentiviral vector. 
     In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, an isolated host cell is provided, which comprises the vector of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure or having the exogenous nucleic acid molecule of the third aspect of the present disclosure integrated into its genome. 
     In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a cell is provided, which is transduced with the nucleic acid molecule of the third aspect of the present disclosure or the vector of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure; and preferably, the cell is a T cell or a stem cell. 
     In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a pharmaceutical composition is provided, which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and the TCR of the first aspect of the present disclosure, or the TCR complex of the second aspect of the present disclosure, or the nucleic acid molecule of the third aspect of the present disclosure, or the vector of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, or the cell of the sixth aspect of the present disclosure. 
     In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, use of the T-cell receptor (TCR) of the first aspect of the present disclosure, or the TCR complex of the second aspect of the present disclosure, the nucleic acid molecule of the third aspect of the present disclosure, or the vector of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, or the cell of the sixth aspect of the present disclosure for preparing a medicament for treating tumor or autoimmune diseases is provided. Preferably, the tumor is pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer or lung cancer. 
     In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a medicament for treating tumor or autoimmune diseases using the T-cell receptor (TCR) of the first aspect of the present disclosure, or the TCR complex of the second aspect of the present disclosure, the nucleic acid molecule of the third aspect of the present disclosure, or the vector of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, or the cell of the sixth aspect of the present disclosure is provided. Preferably, the tumor is pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer or lung cancer. 
     In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for treating a disease is provided, which comprises administering an appropriate amount of the T-cell receptor (TCR) of the first aspect of the present disclosure, or the TCR complex of the second aspect of the present disclosure, the nucleic acid molecule of the third aspect of the present disclosure, or the vector of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, or the cell of the sixth aspect of the present disclosure, or the pharmaceutical composition of the seventh aspect of the present disclosure to a subject in need thereof; 
     preferably, the disease is tumor; and more preferably, the tumor is pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer or lung cancer. 
     It is to be understood that within the scope of the present disclosure, the various technical features of the present disclosure and the technical features specifically described hereinafter (as in the embodiments) may be combined with each other to constitute a new or preferred technical solution, which will not be repeated herein one by one. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIGS.  1   a ,  1   b ,  1   c ,  1   d ,  1   e , and  1   f    show a TCRα chain variable domain amino acid sequence, a TCRα chain variable domain nucleotide sequence, a TCRα chain amino acid sequence, a TCRα chain nucleotide sequence, a TCRα chain amino acid sequence having a leader sequence, and a TCRα chain nucleotide sequence having a leader sequence, respectively. 
         FIGS.  2   a ,  2   b ,  2   c ,  2   d ,  2   e , and  2   f    show a TCRβ chain variable domain amino acid sequence, a TCRβ chain variable domain nucleotide sequence, a TCRβ chain amino acid sequence, a TCRβ chain nucleotide sequence, a TCRβ chain amino acid sequence having a leader sequence, and a TCRβ chain nucleotide sequence having a leader sequence, respectively. 
         FIG.  3    shows results of CD8 +  and tetramer-PE double positive staining of monoclonal cells. 
         FIGS.  4   a  and  4   b    are an amino acid sequence and a nucleotide sequence of a soluble TCRα chain, respectively. 
         FIGS.  5   a  and  5   b    are an amino acid sequence and a nucleotide sequence of a soluble TCRβ chain, respectively. 
         FIGS.  6   a  and  6   b    are gel diagrams of a soluble TCR obtained after purification, wherein the right lanes in  FIGS.  6   a  and  6   b    are a reduced gel and a non-reduced gel, respectively, and the left lanes are molecular weight markers. 
         FIGS.  7   a  and  7   b    are an amino acid sequence and a nucleotide sequence of a single chain TCR, respectively. 
         FIGS.  8   a  and  8   b    are an amino acid sequence and a nucleotide sequence of a single chain TCRα chain variable domain, respectively. 
         FIGS.  9   a  and  9   b    are an amino acid sequence and a nucleotide sequence of a single chain TCRβ chain variable domain, respectively. 
         FIGS.  10   a  and  10   b    are an amino acid sequence and a nucleotide sequence of a single chain TCR linker, respectively. 
         FIG.  11    is a gel diagram of a soluble single chain TCR obtained after purification, wherein the left lane is a molecular weight marker, and the right lane is a non-reducing gel. 
         FIG.  12    is a BIAcore kinetic map of the binding of a soluble TCR to a VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  13    is a BIAcore kinetic map of the binding of a soluble single chain TCR to a VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  14    shows obtained ELISPOT activation function verification results of T cell cloning. 
         FIG.  15    is ELISPOT activation function verification results of effector cells transduced with the TCR of the present disclosure (with T2 as target cells). 
         FIG.  16    is ELISPOT activation function verification results of effector cells transduced with the TCR of the present disclosure (with tumor cell lines as target cells). 
         FIG.  17    is LDH killing function verification results of effector cells transduced with the TCR of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Through extensive and intensive researches, the present disclosure obtains a T-cell receptor (TCR) capable of specifically binding to a KRAS G12V antigen short peptide VVGAVGVGK (SEQ ID NO: 9) or VVVGAVGVGK (SEQ ID NO: 38), and the antigen short peptide VVGAVGVGK or VVVGAVGVGK can respectively form a complex with HLA A1101 and be presented to the surface of cells. The present disclosure also provides a nucleic acid molecule encoding the TCR and a vector containing the nucleic acid molecule. In addition, the present disclosure also provides a cell transduced with the TCR of the present disclosure. 
     Term 
     Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule is a protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which can be MHC molecule class I or MHC molecule class II. Therefore, the MHC molecule is specific for the antigen presentation. Different individuals have different MHCs, thereby presenting different short peptides in one protein antigen to the surface of respective APC cells. Human MHC is commonly referred to as HLA gene or HLA complex. 
     T-cell receptor (TCR) is the only receptor for presenting specific peptide antigens in Major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In the immune system, once antigen-specific TCRs bind to pMHC complexes, it causes direct physical contact of a T-cell and an antigen-presenting cell (APC). Then, the interaction of other membrane molecules in the T cell and APC occurs and the subsequent cell signaling and other physiological responses are initiated so that a range of different antigen-specific T cells exert immune effects on their target cells. 
     The TCR is a glycoprotein on the surface of cell membrane that exists in the form of α chain/β chain or γ chain/δ chain heterodimeric. The TCR heterodimer in 95% T cells consists of an a chain and a β chain, while 5% T cells has the TCR consisting of a γ chain and a δ chain. A native αβ heterodimeric TCR has an α chain and a β chain, and the α chain and the β chain form the subunit of the αβ heterodimeric TCR. Generally speaking, the α chain and the β chain each comprises a variable region, a linker region and a constant region, and the β chain typically also contains a short diversity region between the variable region and linker region, which however is often considered as a part of the linker region. Each variable region comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3, which are chimeric in the framework regions. The CDR regions determine the binding of the TCR to a pMHC complex, in which CDR3 is reconstructed by a variable region and a linker region, which is called hypervariable region. The α and β chains of the TCR are generally considered as having two “domains” respectively, that is, a variable domain and a constant domain. The variable domain consists of a variable region and a linker region linked to each other. The sequence of the constant region of the TCR may be found in the disclosed International ImMunoGeneTics Information System (IMGT) database, for example, the sequence of the constant domain of the α chain of the TCR molecule is “TRAC*01”, and the sequence of the constant domain of the β chain of the TCR molecule is “TRBC1*01” or “TRBC2*01”. In addition, the α and β chains of the TCR also contain a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasm domain, and the cytoplasm domain is very short. 
     In the present disclosure, the terms “polypeptide of the present disclosure”, “TCR of the present disclosure” and “T-cell receptor of the present disclosure” are used interchangeably. 
     Natural Interchain Disulfide Bond and Artificial Interchain Disulfide Bond 
     A group of disulfide bonds is present between the Ca and CP chains in the membrane proximal region of a native TCR, which is named herein as “natural interchain disulfide bond”. In the present disclosure, an interchain covalent disulfide bond which is artificially introduced and the position of which is different from the position of a natural interchain disulfide bond is named as “artificial interchain disulfide bond”. 
     In order to describe the position of the disulfide bond conveniently, in the present disclosure, the positions of the amino acid sequences of TRAC*01 and TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 are sequentially numbered in order from N-terminal to C-terminal. For example, the 60th amino acid in the order from N-terminal to C-terminal in TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 is P (valine), which can be described as Pro60 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1 in the present disclosure, and can also be expressed as the amino acid at position 60 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1. 
     For another example, the 61st amino acid in the order from N-terminal to C-terminal in TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 is Q (glutamine), which can be described as Gln61 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1 in the present disclosure, and can also be expressed as the amino acid at position 61 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1, and so on. In the present disclosure, the positions of the amino acid sequences of variable regions TRAV and TRBV are numbered according to the positions listed in IMGT. As for an amino acid in TRAV, the position is numbered as 46 in IMGT, which is described in the present disclosure as the amino acid at position 46 of TRAV, and so on. In the present disclosure, if the sequence positions of other amino acids are specifically described, the special description shall prevail. 
     Detailed Description of the Present Disclosure 
     TCR Molecule 
     In the process of antigen processing, antigens are degraded in cells and then carried to the cell surface through MHC molecules. The T-cell receptors can recognise peptide-MHC complexes on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. Accordingly, a first aspect of the present disclosure provides a TCR molecule capable of binding to a VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 or VVVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex. Preferably, the TCR molecule is isolated or purified. The α and β chains of the TCR each have three complementary determining regions (CDRs). 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the α chain of the TCR comprises CDRs having the following amino acid sequences: 
                            (SEQ ID NO: 10)           α CDR1-DRVSQS;                       (SEQ ID NO: 11)           α CDR2-IYSNGD;           and                       (SEQ ID NO: 12)           α CDR3- ASLKGNNDMR;            
and/or
         three CDRs of the TCRβ chain variable domain are:       

     
       
         
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 13) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR1- SGHVS; 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 14) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR2- FQNEAQ; 
               
               
                   
                 and 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 15) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR3- ASSSSRWEQQF. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The amino acid sequences of the above CDR regions of the present disclosure are chimeric in any suitable framework structure to prepare a chimeric TCR. As long as the framework structure is compatible with the CDR regions of the TCR of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art can design or synthesize TCR molecules having corresponding functions according to the CDR regions disclosed by the present disclosure. Therefore, the TCR molecule of the present disclosure refers to a TCR molecule comprising the CDR region sequences of the above α and/or β chains and any suitable framework structure. The TCRα chain variable domain of the present disclosure is an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, preferably 95%, more preferably 98%, of sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1; and/or the TCRβ chain variable domain of the present disclosure is an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, preferably 95%, more preferably 98%, of sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 5. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the TCR molecule of the present disclosure is a heterodimer consisting of an α chain and a β chain. Specifically, in one aspect, the α chain of the heterodimeric TCR molecule comprises a variable region and a constant region, and the amino acid sequence of the α chain variable domain comprises CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 10), CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 11) and CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 12) of the above α chain. Preferably, the TCR molecule comprises an α chain variable domain amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1. More preferably, the α chain variable domain amino acid sequence of the TCR molecule is SEQ ID NO: 1. In another aspect, the β chain of the heterodimeric TCR molecule comprises a variable region and a constant region, and the amino acid sequence of the β chain variable domain comprises CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 13), CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 14) and CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 15) of the above β chain. Preferably, the TCR molecule comprises a β chain variable domain amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 15. More preferably, the β chain variable domain amino acid sequence of the TCR molecule is SEQ ID NO: 5. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the TCR molecule of the present disclosure is a single chain TCR molecule consisting of all or part of an α chain and/or all or part of a β chain. For the description of the single chain TCR molecule, reference may be made to Chung et al (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 12654-12658. As described in the literature, those skilled in the art can easily construct a single chain TCR molecule comprising the CDR regions of the present disclosure. Specifically, the single chain TCR molecule comprises Vα, Vβ, and Cβ which are, preferably, linked to each other in the order from N-terminal to C-terminal. 
     The amino acid sequence of the α chain variable domain of the single chain TCR molecule comprises CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 10), CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 11) and CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 12) of the above α chain. Preferably, the single chain TCR molecule comprises an α chain variable domain amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1. More preferably, the α chain variable domain amino acid sequence of the single chain TCR molecule is SEQ ID NO: 1. The β chain variable domain amino acid sequence of the single chain TCR molecule comprises CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 13), CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 14) and CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 15) of the above α chain. Preferably, the single chain TCR molecule comprises a β chain variable domain amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 5. More preferably, the β chain variable domain amino acid sequence of the single chain TCR molecule is SEQ ID NO: 5. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the constant domain of the TCR molecule of the present disclosure is a human constant domain. Those skilled in the art are aware of or may obtain a human constant domain amino acid sequence by consulting a related book or a disclosed IMGT (International Immunogenetics Information System) database. For example, the constant domain sequence of the α chain of the TCR molecule of the present disclosure may be “TRAC*01”, and the constant domain sequence of the β chain of the TCR molecule may be “TRBC1*01” or “TRBC2*01”. The position 53 of the amino acid sequence given in TRAC*01 of the IMGT is Arg, which is described herein as Arg53 of exon 1 of TRAC*01, and so on. Preferably, the amino acid sequence of the α chain of the TCR molecule of the present disclosure is SEQ ID NO: 3, and/or the amino acid sequence of the β chain is SEQ ID NO: 7. 
     Native TCR is a membrane protein and is stabilized through its transmembrane region. Just as immunoglobulins (antibodies) are used as antigen recognition molecules, the TCR can also be developed for diagnosis and treatment, and at this point, it is necessary to obtain a soluble TCR molecule. The soluble TCR molecule does not comprise its transmembrane region. The soluble TCR has a wide range of applications. It can not only be used to study the interaction between the TCR and the pMHC, but also be used as a diagnostic tool for detecting infection or as a marker of autoimmune diseases. Similarly, the soluble TCR can be used for delivering therapeutic agents (such as cytotoxic compounds or immunostimulating compounds) to cells presenting specific antigens. In addition, the soluble TCR can also bind to other molecules (such as anti-CD3 antibodies) to redirect T cells so that they target cells presenting specific antigens. The present disclosure also obtains a soluble TCR having specificity for the KRAS G12V antigen short peptide. 
     In order to obtain the soluble TCR, in one aspect, the TCR of the present disclosure may be a TCR in which an artificial disulfide bond is introduced between residues of its α and β and chain constant domains. Cysteine residues form an artificial interchain disulfide bond between the α and β chain constant domains of the TCR. Cysteine residues can replace other amino acid residues at suitable positions in a native TCR to form an artificial interchain disulfide bond. For example, the cysteine residue substituted for Thr48 of exon 1 of TRAC*01 and the cysteine residue substituted for Ser57 of exon 1 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 form a disulfide bond. Other sites where cysteine residues are introduced to form a disulfide bond may be: Thr45 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Ser77 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1; Tyr10 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Ser17 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1; Thr45 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Asp59 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1; Ser15 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Glu15 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1; Arg53 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Ser54 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1; Pro89 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Ala19 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1; and Tyr10 of TRAC*01 exon 1 and Glu20 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1. That is, cysteine residues replace any group of the above-mentioned sites in a and chain constant domains. A maximum of 50, or a maximum of 30, or a maximum of 15, or a maximum of 10, or a maximum of 8 or fewer amino acids may be truncated at one or more C-termini of the constant domain of the TCR of the present disclosure such that it does not comprise cysteine residues to achieve the purpose of deleting natural disulfide bonds, or the cysteine residues forming a natural disulfide bond can also be mutated to another amino acid for achieving the above purpose. 
     As described above, the TCR of the present disclosure may comprise an artificial disulfide bond introduced between residues of its α and β chain constant domains. It is to be noted that the introduced artificial disulfide bond as described above can be contained or not contained between the constant domains, and the TCR of the present disclosure may contain a TRAC constant domain sequence and a TRBC1 or TRBC2 constant domain sequence. The TRAC constant domain sequence and the TRBC1 or TRBC2 constant domain sequence of the TCR can be linked by a natural disulfide bond present in the TCR. 
     In order to obtain the soluble TCR, in another aspect, the TCR of the present disclosure also comprises a TCR having a mutation in its hydrophobic core region, and these mutations in hydrophobic core region are preferably mutations capable of increasing the stability of the TCR of the present disclosure, as described in the patent literature published as WO2014/206304. Such a TCR can have mutations at following positions in the variable domain hydrophobic core: (α and/or β chain) variable region amino acids at position 11, 13, 19, 21, 53, 76, 89, 91, 94, and/or α chain J gene (TRAJ) short peptide amino acids at reciprocal positions 3, 5, 7, and/or β chain J gene (TRBJ) short peptide amino acids at reciprocal positions 2, 4, 6, wherein the positions in an amino acid sequence are numbered according to the position numbers listed in the International Immunogenetics Information System (IMGT). Those skilled in the art will know the above International Immunogenetics Information System and can obtain the position numbers of the amino acid residues of different TCRs in the IMGT based on the database. 
     In the present disclosure, a TCR in which there is a mutation in the hydrophobic core region may be a stable single chain TCR consisting of TCR α and β chain variable domains that linked by a flexible peptide chain. It is to be noted that the flexible peptide chain in the present disclosure may be any peptide chain suitable for linking TCR α and β chain variable domains. For example, for the soluble single chain TCR constructed in Example 4 of the present disclosure, its α chain variable domain amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 32 and the encoded nucleotide sequence is SEQ ID NO: 33; its β chain variable domain amino acid sequence of the TCR comprises SEQ ID NO: 34 and the encoded nucleotide sequence is SEQ ID NO: 35. 
     Additionally, as for stability, it was also disclosed in a patent literature 201680003540.2 that the introduction of an artificial interchain disulfide bond between the α chain variable region and the β chain constant region of a TCR can significantly improve the stability of the TCR. Therefore, an artificial interchain disulfide bond may be contained between the α chain variable region and the β chain constant region of the high-affinity TCR of the present disclosure. Specifically, cysteine residues forming an artificial interchain disulfide bond between the α chain variable region and the β chain constant region of the TCR are substituted for: an amino acid at position 46 of TRAV and an amino acid at position 60 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1; an amino acid at position 47 of TRAV and an amino acid at position 61 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1; an amino acid at position 46 of TRAV and an amino acid at position 61 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1; or an amino acid at position 47 of TRAV and an amino acid at position 60 of TRBC1*01 or TRBC2*01 exon 1. Preferably, the TCR comprises (i) all or part of the TCR α chain other than its transmembrane domain, and (ii) all or part of the TCR β chain other than its transmembrane domain, wherein both of (i) and (ii) comprise the variable domain and at least a portion of the constant domain of the TCR chain, and the α chain and the β chain form a heterodimer. More preferably, such a TCR may comprise an α chain variable domain, a β chain variable domain and all or part of a β chain constant domain other than the transmembrane domain, which, however, does not comprise an α chain constant domain, and the α chain variable domain of the TCR and the β chain form a heterodimer. 
     The TCR of the present disclosure can be provided in a form of multivalent complex. The multivalent TCR complex of the present disclosure comprises a polymer formed by combining two, three, four or more TCRs of the present disclosure, for example, a tetrameric domain of p53 can be used to produce a tetramer, or more TCRs of the present disclosure can be combined with another molecule to form a complex. The TCR complexes of the present disclosure can be used to track or target cells that present a particular antigen in vitro or in vivo, or produce intermediates of other multivalent TCR complexes with such uses. 
     The TCR of the present disclosure may be used alone or combined with a conjugate in a covalent manner or other manner, preferably in a covalent manner. The conjugate comprises a detectable label (for diagnostic purposes, wherein the TCR is used to detect the presence of a cell presenting a VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 or VVVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex), a therapeutic agent, a PK (protein kinase) modifying moiety, or combination of any of the above described substances. 
     Detectable labels for diagnostic purposes comprise, but are not limited to, fluorescent or luminescent labels, radioactive labels, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (electron computed X-Ray tomography technology) contrast agents, or enzymes capable of producing detectable products. 
     Therapeutic agents that can be combined with or coupled to the TCRs of the present disclosure comprise, but are not limited to: 1. Radionuclides (Koppe et al., 2005, Cancer metastasis reviews, 24, 539); 2. Biotoxin (Chaudhary et al., 1989, Nature, 339, 394; Epel et al., 2002, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, 51, 565); 3. Cytokines, such as IL-2, etc. (Gillies et al., 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 89, 1428; Card et al., 2004, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, 53, 345; Halin et al., 2003, Cancer Research, 63, 3202); 4. Antibody Fc fragment (Mosquera et al., 2005, The Journal of Immunology, 174, 4381); 5. Antibody scFv fragments (Zhu et al., 1995, International Journal of Cancer, 62, 319); 6. Gold nanoparticles/Nanorods (Lapotko et al., 2005, Cancer letters, 239, 36; Huang et al., 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128, 2115); 7. Viral particles (Peng et al., 2004, Gene therapy, 11, 1234); 8. Liposomes (Mamot et al., 2005, Cancer research, 65, 11631); 9. Nanomagnetic particles; 10. Prodrug activating enzymes (e.g., DT-diaphorase (DTD) or biphenyl hydrolase-like protein (BPHL); 11. chemotherapeutic agent (e.g., cisplatin) or any form of nanoparticles, and the like. 
     In addition, the TCR of the present disclosure may also be a hybrid TCR comprising sequences derived from more than one species. For example, studies have shown that the murine TCR can be expressed more effectively in human T cells than the human TCR. Therefore, the TCR of the present disclosure may comprise a human variable domain and a murine constant domain. The defect of this method is that it may trigger an immune response. Therefore, when it is used in the adoptive T cell therapy, there should be a regulatory solution for immunosuppression to allow the implantation of murine T cells. 
     It is to be understood that the amino acid names herein are represented by internationally accepted single English letters or three English letters, and the correspondence between the single English letters and the three English letters of an amino acid is: Ala (A), Arg (R), Asn (N), Asp (D), Cys (C), Gln (Q), Glu (E), Gly (G), His (H), Ile (I), Leu (L), Lys (K), Met (M), Phe (F), Pro (P), Ser (S), Thr (T), Trp (W), Tyr (Y), Val (V). 
     Nucleic Acid Molecule 
     In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a nucleic acid molecule encoding the TCR molecule of the first aspect of the present disclosure or part of the TCR molecule is provided, wherein the part of the TCR molecule may be one or more CDRs, α and/or β chain variable domains, and α and/or β chains. 
     The nucleotide sequences encoding the α chain CDRs of the TCR molecule of the first aspect of the present disclosure are as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 16) 
               
               
                   
                 α CDR1- gaccgagtttcccagtcc; 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 17) 
               
               
                   
                 α CDR2- atatactccaatggtgac; 
               
               
                   
                 and 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 18) 
               
               
                   
                 α CDR3- gcctccctcaagggtaacaatgacatgcgc. 
               
            
           
         
       
         
         
           
             The nucleotide sequences encoding the β chain CDRs of the TCR molecule of the first aspect of the present disclosure are as follows: 
           
         
       
    
     
       
         
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 19) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR1- tcgggtcatgtatcc; 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 20) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR2- ttccagaatgaagctcaa; 
               
               
                   
                 and 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 21) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR3- gccagcagctccagtaggtgggagcagcagttc. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Therefore, the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure encoding the TCRα chain of the present disclosure comprises SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17 and SEQ ID NO: 18, and/or the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure encoding the TCRβ chain of the present disclosure comprises SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 21. 
     The nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure may be single-chain or double-chain, and the nucleic acid molecule may be RNA or DNA and may or may not contain introns. Preferably, the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure does not contain introns but is capable of encoding the polypeptide of the present disclosure. For example, the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure encoding the TCRα chain variable domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 2 and/or the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure encoding the TCRβ chain variable domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 6. Alternatively, the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure encoding the TCRα chain variable domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 33 and/or the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure encoding the TCRβ chain variable domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 35. More preferably, the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure comprises SEQ ID NO: 4 and/or SEQ ID NO: 8. Alternatively, the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is SEQ ID NO: 31. 
     It is to be understood that due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, different nucleotide sequences may encode the same polypeptide. Therefore, a nucleic acid sequence encoding the TCR of the present disclosure may be the same as the nucleic acid sequence set forth in the Figures of the present disclosure or a degenerate variant thereof. By way of example, “degenerate variant”, as used herein, refers to a nucleic acid sequence which encodes a protein with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, but is different from the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 
     The nucleotide sequence may be codon-optimized. Different cells are different in the use of specific codons. According to the type of cells, the codons in the sequence can be changed to increase the expression. Codon selection tables for mammalian cells as well as a variety of other organisms are well known to those skilled in the art. 
     The full length sequence of the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure or a fragment thereof can generally be obtained by, but not limited to, the PCR amplification method, the recombinant method or the synthetic method. At present, it has been possible to obtain a DNA sequence encoding the TCR (or a fragment thereof, or a derivative thereof) of the present disclosure completely by chemical synthesis. Then the DNA sequence can be introduced into various existing DNA molecules (or such as vectors) and cells known in the art. DNA can be a coding strand or a non-coding strand. 
     Vector 
     The present disclosure further relates to a vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure, comprising an expression vector, that is, a construct capable of being expressed in vitro or in vivo. The common vector comprises bacterial plasmids, bacteriophages and animal and plant viruses. 
     The virus delivery system comprises, but is not limited to, adenovirus vectors, adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, herpesvirus vectors, retroviral vectors, lentivirus vectors, and baculovirus vectors. 
     Preferably, the vector can transfer the nucleotide of the present disclosure into a cell, such as in a T cell, such that the cell expresses a KRAS G12V antigen-specific TCR. Ideally, the vector should be capable of being continuously expressed at a high level in T cells. 
     Cell 
     The present disclosure further relates to a host cell genetically engineered using the vector or coding sequence of the present disclosure. The host cell comprises the vector of the present disclosure or has the exogenous nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure integrated into its genome. The host cell is selected from prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, e.g.,  Escherichia coli , yeast cells, CHO cells, and the like. 
     In addition, the present disclosure also comprises an isolated cell, particularly a T cell, which expresses the TCR of the present disclosure. The T cell may be derived from T cells isolated from a subject, or may be part of a mixed cell population isolated from the subject, such as a peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) population. For example, the cell may be isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and may be a CD4 +  helper T cell or a CD8 +  cytotoxic T cell. The cell can be found in the mixed population of CD4 +  helper T cells/CD8 +  cytotoxic T cells. Generally, these cells may be activated with an antibody (e.g. an anti-CD3 or anti-CD28 antibody) to enable them to be more readily transfected. For example, these cells are transfected with the vector comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding the TCR molecule of the present disclosure. 
     Alternatively, the cell of the present disclosure may also be or be derived from stem cells such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The transferring of a gene to the HSC does not lead to TCR expression on the cell surface, because CD3 molecules are not expressed on the surface of stem cells. However, when a stem cell differentiates into a lymphoid precursor migrating to thymus, the expression of CD3 molecules will initiate the expression of the introduced TCR molecule on the surface of thymic cells. 
     There are a number of methods suitable for T cell transfection with DNA or RNA encoding the TCR of the present disclosure (e.g., Robbins et al., (2008) J. Immunol. 180: 6116-6131). T cells expressing the TCR of the present disclosure can be used in adoptive immunotherapy. Those skilled in the art can know many suitable methods for performing adoptive therapy (e.g., Rosenberg et al., (2008) Nat Rev Cancer 8(4): 299-308). 
     KRAS G12V Antigen-Related Disease 
     The present disclosure further relates to a method for treating and/or preventing a KRAS G12V-related disease in a subject, comprising the step of adoptively transferring KRAS G12V-specific T cells to a subject. The KRAS G12V-specific T cells can recognise a VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 or VVVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex. 
     The KRAS G12V-specific T cell of the present disclosure can be used to treat any KRAS G12V-related diseases presenting the KRAS G12V antigen short peptide VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 or VVVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex, comprising but not limited to tumors such as pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, and the like. 
     The first 20 amino acid sequences of a wild-type KRAS protein without mutation are MTEYKLVVVG AGGVGKSALT (SEQ ID NO: 39), and the amino acid at position 12 is G. VVGAGGVGK and VVVGAGGVGK correspond to positions 8-16 and 7-16 of the KRAS protein, respectively, and short peptides VVGAVGVGK and VVVGAVGVGK are formed after G12V mutation at these corresponding positions. 
     Therapeutic Method 
     Treatment can be performed by isolating T cells from a patient or a volunteer suffering from a KRAS G12V antigen-related disease, introducing the TCR of the present disclosure into the T cells, and then reinfusing these genetically engineered cells into the patient. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a KRAS G12V-related disease, comprising infusing isolated T cells expressing the TCR of the present disclosure into a patient, preferably, the T cells are derived from the patient himself. Generally, the method comprises: (1) isolating T cells of a patient, (2) transducing the T cells in vitro with a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure or a nucleic acid molecule capable of encoding the TCR molecule of the present disclosure, and (3) infusing the genetically engineered T cells into the patient. The number of cells isolated, transfected and reinfused can be determined by the physician. 
     Main Advantages of the Present Disclosure: 
     (1) The TCR of the present disclosure can bind to the KRAS G12V antigen short peptide complex VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 or VVVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101, and the cell transduced with the TCR of the present disclosure can be specifically activated. 
     (2) The effector cell transduced with the TCR of the present disclosure has a good specific killing effect on the target cell. 
     The present disclosure is further illustrated by the following specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. The experimental methods in the following examples which do not specify the specific conditions are usually performed under conventional conditions, for example, conditions described in Sambrook and Russell et al.,  Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory Manual  (Third Edition) (2001) CSHL Publishing company, or in accordance with the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Percentages and parts are by weight unless otherwise stated. Percentages and parts are by weight unless otherwise stated. All the experimental materials and reagents applied in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise stated. 
     Example 1 Cloning of KRAS G12V Antigen Short Peptide Specific-T Cells 
     Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from a healthy volunteer with a genotype of HLA-A1101 were stimulated using a synthesized short peptide VVGAVGVGK (SEQ ID NO: 9) (Beijing Saibaisheng Gene Technology Co., Ltd.). The short peptide was renatured with HLA-A1101 labeled with a biotin to prepare a pHLA haploid. These haploids were combined with a PE-labeled streptavidin (BD Company) to form a PE-labeled tetramer, and the tetramer and anti-CD8-APC double positive cells were sorted. The sorted cells were amplified, subjected to the secondary sorting according to the above method, and then monocloned using a limiting dilution method. Monoclonal cells were stained with a tetramer, and the screened double positive clones were shown in  FIG.  3   . The double positive clones obtained through layer-by-layer screening still needed to be subjected to further functional tests. 
     The function and specificity of the T cell colons were further detected by ELISPOT assay. Methods for detecting cellular function using ELISPOT assays are well known to those skilled in the art. In the IFN-γ ELISPOT assay of this example, effector cells used herein were the T cell clones obtained in the present disclosure, the target cells were LCLs cells loaded with the short peptides of the present disclosure, and the control groups were LCLs cells loaded with other short peptides and LCLs cells not loaded with short peptides. 
     Firstly, an ELISPOT plate was prepared. The steps of the ELISPOT assay were as follows: components of the assay were added to the ELISPOT plate: 2×10 4  LCLs cells/well and 2×10 3  T cell clones/well, 20 μL of specific short peptides were added to the experimental group, 20 μL of non-specific short peptides were added to the control group, 20 μL of culture medium (test medium) was added to the blank group was added with, in duplicate. The ELISPOT plate was incubated overnight (37° C., 5% CO 2 ). The plate was washed, subjected to the secondary detection and color development, and dried for one hour, and the spots formed on the film were counted using an immunospot plate reader (ELISPOT READER system; AID20 company). Experimental results are shown in  FIG.  14   . The obtained T cell clones having specificity for a particular antigen exhibit significant specific response to LCLs cells loaded with short peptides of the present disclosure, but basically have no response to LCLs cells loaded with other unrelated peptides and LCLs cells not loaded with short peptides. 
     Example 2 Acquisition of TCR Genes of KRAS G12V Antigen Short Peptide-Specific T Cell Clones and Construction of Vectors 
     The total RNA of the antigenic short peptide-specific, HLA-A1101-restricted T cell clones screened in Example 1 was extracted with Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep (ZYMO research). SMART RACE cDNA amplification kit of clontech was used to synthesize cDNA, and the primers were designed in the C-terminal conserved region of the human TCR gene. The sequence was cloned into a T vector (TAKARA) for sequencing. It is to be noted that this sequence is a complement sequence and does not contain introns. Through sequencing, the structures of the α chain and chain sequences of the TCR expressed by the double positive clone are shown in  FIGS.  1  and  2   , respectively.  FIGS.  1   a ,  1   b ,  1   c ,  1   d ,  1   e , and  1   f    show a TCRα chain variable domain amino acid sequence, a TCRα chain variable domain nucleotide sequence, a TCRα chain amino acid sequence, a TCRα chain nucleotide sequence, a TCRα chain amino acid sequence having a leader sequence, and a TCRα chain nucleotide sequence having a leader sequence, respectively; and  FIGS.  2   a ,  2   b ,  2   c ,  2   d ,  2   e , and  2   f    show a TCRβ chain variable domain amino acid sequence, a TCRβ chain variable domain nucleotide sequence, a TCRβ chain amino acid sequence, a TCRβ chain nucleotide sequence, a TCRβ chain amino acid sequence having a leader sequence, and a TCRβ chain nucleotide sequence having a leader sequence, respectively. 
     After identification, the α chain comprises CDRs having the following amino acid sequences: 
                            (SEQ ID NO: 10)           α CDR1-DRVSQS;                       (SEQ ID NO: 11)           α CDR2-IYSNGD;           and                       (SEQ ID NO: 12)           α CDR3- ASLKGNNDMR;            
and
         the β chain comprises CDRs having the following amino acid sequences:       

     
       
         
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 13) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR1- SGHVS; 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 14) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR2- FQNEAQ; 
               
               
                   
                 and 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (SEQ ID NO: 15) 
               
               
                   
                 β CDR3- ASSSSRWEQQF. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The full length genes of the TCR α and β chains were cloned into lentivirus expression vector pLenti (addgene) by overlapping PCR. Specifically, fragment TCR α-2A-TCR β was obtained through the connection of the full length gene of the TCR α chain and the full length gene of the TCR β chain by overlapping PCR. Plasmid pLenti-TRA-2A-TRB-IRES-NGFR was obtained by the ligation of the lentivirus expression vector and TCR α-2A-TCR β. As a control, lentivirus vector pLentie-eGFP expressing eGFP was also constructed. After that, the pseudovirus was packaged with 293T/17. 
     Example 3 Expression, Refolding and Purification of the KRAS G12V Antigen Short Peptide-Specific Soluble TCR 
     In order to obtain the soluble TCR molecule, the α and β chains of the TCR molecule of the present disclosure can respectively comprise only their variable domains and part of their constant domains, and one cysteine residue was introduced into the constant domains of the α and β chains respectively to form an artificial interchain disulfide bond, in which the positions of the cysteine residues introduced are Thr48 of exon 1 of TRAC*01 and Ser57 of exon 1 of TRBC2*01, respectively. The amino acid sequence and nucleotide sequence of the α chain are shown in  FIGS.  4   a  and  4   b   , respectively, and the amino acid sequence and nucleotide sequence of the β chain are shown in  FIGS.  5   a  and  5   b   , respectively. According to standard methods described in  Molecular Cloning a Laboratory Manual  (3rd edition, Sambrook and Russell), sequences of the target gene of the TCR α and β chains are synthesized and inserted into an expression vector pET28a+ (Novagene), in which the upstream and downstream cloning sites are NcoI and NotI, respectively. The inserted fragment was sequenced to confirm that it was correct. 
     Expression vectors for TCR α and β chains were transformed into the expression bacteria BL21 (DE3) by chemical transformation, respectively. The bacteria were grown in LB medium and induced with a final concentration of 0.5 mM IPTG at OD 600 =0.6. The inclusion bodies formed after the TCR α and β chains were expressed were extracted by BugBuster Mix (Novagene) and repeatedly washed with BugBuster solution. The inclusion bodies were finally dissolved in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 10 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 20 mM Tris (pH 8.1). 
     The dissolved TCR α and β chains were rapidly mixed in 5 M urea, 0.4 M arginine, 20 mM Tris (pH 8.1), 3.7 mM cystamine, and 6.6 mM β-mercapoethylamine (4° C.) at a mass ratio of 1:1, and the final concentration was 60 mg/mL. After mixing, the solution was dialyzed against 10 volumes of deionized water (4° C.), after 12 hours, deionized water was exchanged with a buffer (20 mM Tris, pH 8.0), and dialysis was continued for 12 hours at 4° C. After completion of the dialysis, the solution was filtered through a 0.45 μM filter and purified through an anion exchange column (HiTrap Q HP, 5 mL, GE Healthcare). The elution peak of the TCR containing successfully refolded α and β dimers was confirmed by SDS-PAGE gel. The TCR was then further purified by gel filtration chromatography (HiPrep 16/60, Sephacryl S-100 HR, GE Healthcare). The purity of the purified TCR was determined by SDS-PAGE to be greater than 90%, and the concentration thereof was determined by BCA method. The SDS-PAGE gel diagram of the soluble TCR obtained in the present disclosure is shown in  FIGS.  6   a    and  6   b.    
     Example 4 Generation of a KRAS G12V Antigen Short Peptide-Specific Soluble Single Chain TCR 
     A stable single chain TCR molecule was constructed by connecting the TCR α and β chain variable domains obtained in Example 2 by a flexible short peptide (linker) by a site-directed mutagenesis method according to a patent literature WO2014/206304. The amino acid sequence and nucleotide sequence of the single chain TCR molecule are shown in  FIGS.  7   a  and  7   b   , respectively. The amino acid sequence and nucleotide sequence of the α chain variable domain are shown in  FIGS.  8   a  and  8   b   , respectively; the amino acid sequence and nucleotide sequence of the β chain variable domain are shown in  FIGS.  9   a  and  9   b   , respectively; and the amino acid sequence and nucleotide sequence of the linker sequence are shown in  FIGS.  10   a  and  10   b   , respectively. 
     The target gene was digested with NcoI and NotI and ligated with a pET28a vector digested with NcoI and NotI. The ligation product was transformed into  E. coli  DH5a, plated on a kanamycin-containing LB plate, inverted and cultured at 37° C. overnight, and the positive clones were picked for PCR screening. Positive recombinants were sequenced to determine the correct sequence and the recombinant plasmid was extracted and transferred into  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) for expression. 
     Example 5 Expression, Renaturation and Purification of the KRAS G12V Antigen Short Peptide-Specific Soluble Single Chain TCR 
     All of BL21(DE 3) colonies containing the recombinant plasmid pET28α-template chain prepared in Example 4 were inoculated into LB medium containing kanamycin, cultured at 37° C. until OD 600  was 0.6-0.8. IPTG was added to a final concentration of 0.5 mM, and cultured at 37° C. for another 4 hours. The cell pellets were harvested by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 15 minutes, and the cell pellets were lysed with Bugbuster Master Mix (Merck). The inclusion bodies were recovered by centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 15 minutes, followed by washing with Bugbuster (Merck) to remove cell debris and membrane fraction. The inclusion bodies were collected by centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 15 minutes, and dissolved in a buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 0.8 M urea), and the insoluble matters were removed by high-speed centrifugation. The supernatant was quantitatively determined by BCA method, and then dispensed and stored at −80° C. until use. 
     To 5 mg of the dissolved single chain TCR inclusion body protein, 2.5 mL of buffer (6 M Gua-HCl, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.1, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA) was added, and then DTT was added to a final concentration of 10 mM and incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes. The single chain TCR as treated above was added dropwise to 125 mL of refolding buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.1, 0.4 M L-arginine, 5 M urea, 2 mM EDTA, 6.5 mM β-mercapthoethylamine, 1.87 mM Cystamine) with a syringe, and stirred at 4° C. for 10 minutes. Then the refolded solution was loaded into a cellulose membrane dialysis bag with a cut-off of 4 kDa, and the dialysis bag was placed in 1 L of pre-cooled water and stirred slowly at 4° C. overnight. After 17 hours, the dialysis liquid was changed to 1 L of pre-chilled buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0) and dialysis was continued for 8 hours at 4° C. The dialysis liquid was then replaced with the same fresh buffer and dialysis was continued overnight. After 17 hours, the sample was filtered through a 0.45 μm filter, vacuum degassed and purified through an anion exchange column (HiTrap Q HP, GE Healthcare) with a linear gradient elution of 0-1 M NaCl prepared with 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0. The collected fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis, and the fractions containing the single chain TCR were concentrated and further purified by a gel filtration column (Superdex 75 10/300, GE Healthcare), and the target components were also subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. 
     The eluted fractions for BIAcore analysis were further tested for purity using gel filtration. The conditions were as follows: chromatographic column Agilent Bio S EC-3 (300 A, φ7.8×300 mm), mobile phase 150 mM phosphate buffer, flow rate 0.5 mL/min, column temperature 25° C., and UV detection wavelength 214 nm. 
     The SDS-PAGE gel diagram of the soluble single chain TCR obtained in the present disclosure is shown in  FIG.  11   . 
     Example 6 Binding Characterization 
     BIAcore Analysis 
     The specific binding affinity of the soluble TCR molecule of the present disclosure for the VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex was detected in this example. 
     The binding activity of the TCR molecules prepared in Examples 3 and 5 to the VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex was detected using a BIAcore T200 real-time analysis system. The anti-streptavidin antibody (GenScript) was added to a coupling buffer (10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.77), and then the antibody was passed through a CMS chip pre-activated with EDC and NHS to immobilize the antibody on the surface of the chip. The unreacted activated surface was finally blocked with a solution of ethanolamine in hydrochloric acid to complete the coupling process at a coupling level of about 15,000 RU. 
     A low concentration of streptavidin flowed over the surface of the antibody-coated chip, then the VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex flowed through the detection channel with another channel being used as a reference channel, and 0.05 mM biotin flowed over the chip for 2 minutes at a flow rate of 10 μL/min, thereby blocking the remaining binding sites for streptavidin. 
     The preparation process for the above VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex is described as follows: 
     a. Purification 
     100 mL of  E. coli  liquid induced to express a heavy or light chain was collected and centrifuged at 8000 g for 10 min at 4° C., and the cells were washed once with 10 mL of PBS and then vigorously shaken in 5 mL of BugBuster Master Mix Extraction Reagents (Merck) for resuspending the cells. The suspension was rotated and incubated for 20 minutes at room temperature and then centrifuged at 6000 g for 15 min at 4° C. The supernatant was discarded to collect inclusion bodies. 
     The above inclusion bodies was resuspended in 5 mL of BugBuster Master Mix, rotated and incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes. 30 mL of 10 time-diluted BugBuster was added, mixed, and centrifuged at 6000 g for 15 minutes at 4° C. The supernatant was discarded, and 30 mL of 10 time-diluted BugBuster was added to resuspend the inclusion bodies, mixed, centrifuged at 6000 g for 15 minutes at 4° C., and repeated twice. 30 mL of 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 was added to resuspend the inclusion bodies, mixed, and centrifuged at 6000 g for 15 minutes at 4° C. Finally, inclusion bodies were dissolved in 20 mM Tris-HCl 8M urea, and the purity of inclusion bodies was determined by SDS-PAGE and the concentration was measured by BCA kit. 
     b. Refolding 
     The synthesized short peptide VVGAVGVGK (Beijing Saibaisheng Gene Technology Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 20 mg/mL. Inclusion bodies of light chain and heavy chain were solubilized in 8 M urea, 20 mM Tris pH 8.0, 10 mM DTT, and further denatured by adding 3 M guanidine hydrochloride, 10 mM sodium acetate, and 10 mM EDTA before refolding. VVGAVGVGK peptide was added to a refolding buffer (0.4 M L-arginine, 100 mM Tris pH 8.3, 2 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM oxidized glutathione, 5 mM reduced glutathione, 0.2 mM PMSF, cooled to 4° C.) at 25 mg/L (final concentration). Then 20 mg/L of light chain and 90 mg/L of heavy chain (final concentration, heavy chain were added in three portions, 8 hours/portion) were successively added and refolded at 4° C. for at least 3 days to completion of refolding, and SDS-PAGE was used to confirm refolding. 
     c. Purification Upon Refolding 
     The refolding buffer was replaced with 10 volumes of 20 mM Tris pH 8.0 for dialysis, and the buffer was exchanged for at least twice to substantially reduce the ionic strength of the solution. After dialysis, the protein solution was filtered through a 0.45 μm cellulose acetate filter and loaded onto a HiTrap Q HP (GE, General Electric Company) anion exchange column (5 mL bed volume). The protein was eluted with a linear gradient of 0-400 mM NaCl prepared in 20 mM Tris pH 8.0 using Akta Purifier (GE, General Electric Company), and the pMHC was eluted at approximately 250 mM NaCl. All peak fractions were collected and the purity thereof was detected by SDS-PAGE. 
     d. Biotinylation 
     Purified pMHC molecules were concentrated with a Millipore ultrafiltration tube, while the buffer was replaced with 20 mM Tris pH 8.0, and then biotinylation reagents 0.05 M Bicine pH 8.3, 10 mM ATP, 10 mM MgOAc, 50 μM D-Biotin, 100 μg/mL BirA enzyme (GST-BirA) were added. The resulting mixture was incubated at room temperature overnight, and SDS-PAGE was used to detect the completion of biotinylation. 
     e. Purification of Biotinylated Complex 
     The biotinylated and labeled pMHC molecules were concentrated to 1 mL with a Millipore ultrafiltration tube. The biotinylated pMHC was purified by gel filtration chromatography using an Akta Purifier (GE, General Electric Company). 1 mL of concentrated biotinylated pMHC molecules was loaded on a HiPrep™ 16/60 5200 HR column (GE, General Electric Company) pre-equilibrated with filtered PBS and eluted with PBS at a flow rate of 1 mL/minute. The biotinylated pMHC molecules were eluted as a single peak at about 55 mL. The protein-containing fractions were combined and concentrated with a Millipore ultrafiltration tube. The concentration of the protein was determined by BCA method (Thermo), protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche) was added, and the biotinylated pMHC molecules were dispensed and stored at −80° C. 
     Kinetic parameters were calculated using BIAcore Evaluation software, and the kinetic maps of the binding of the soluble TCR molecule of the present disclosure and the soluble single chain TCR molecule constructed in the present disclosure to the VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex are shown in  FIGS.  12  and  13   , respectively. The maps show that both the soluble TCR molecule and the soluble single chain TCR molecule obtained in the present disclosure can bind to the VVGAVGVGK-HLA A1101 complex. Meanwhile, the above method is also used to detect the binding activity of the soluble TCR molecule of the present disclosure to other irrelevant antigenic short peptides and HLA complex, and the results show that the TCR molecule of the present disclosure does not bind to other irrelevant antigens. 
     Example 7 Activation Experiment of T Cells Transduced with the TCR of the Present Disclosure (with T2 as Target Cells) 
     Methods for detecting cellular functions using ELISPOT assays are well known to those skilled in the art. The IFN-γ production detected by ELISPOT assay was used as the readout of T cell activation to prove the specific activation reaction of the T cells transduced with the TCR of the present disclosure to the target cells. 
     Firstly, reagents were prepared, which comprise test medium: 10% FBS (Gibco, #16000-044) and RPMI 1640 (Gibco, #C11875500BT); washing buffer (PBST): 0.01 M PBS (Gibco, #C10010500BT)/0.05% Tween 20; a PVDF ELISPOT 96-well plate (Merck Millipore, #MSIPS4510); and a human IFN-γ ELISPOT PVDF-enzyme kit (BD) comprising all the other reagents required (capture and detection antibodies, streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase, and BCIP/NBT solution). 
     The target cells used in this experiment were T2 cells loaded with specific short peptides, T2 cells loaded with non-specific short peptides and T2 cells not loaded with short peptides. T2 cells were transfected with HLA-A1101. The specific short peptides were VVGAVGVGK (KRAS G12V, nonapeptide) and VVVGAVGVGK (KRAS G12V, decapeptide); and the non-specific peptides were VVGAGGVGK (KRAS short peptide without mutation), VVVGAGGVGK (KRAS short peptide without mutation), VVGADGVGK (KRAS G12D, KRAS short peptide with other mutations at position 12), VVVGADGVGK (KRAS G12D, KRAS short peptide with other mutations at position 12) and SSCSSCPLSK (other antigen short peptide). 
     The effector cells (T cells) used in this experiment were CD3+ T cells expressing the KRAS G12V antigen short peptide-specific TCR of the present disclosure, and CD3+ T cells from the same volunteer not transfected with the TCR of the present disclosure were used as the control group. T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads (T cell amplimers, life technologies), transduced with lentivirus carrying the KRAS G12V antigen short peptide-specific TCR gene, amplified in 1640 medium containing 10% FBS containing 50 IU/mL IL-2 and 10 ng/mL IL-7 until day 9-12 after transduction, then placed in test medium, centrifuged at room temperature at 300 g for 10 minutes and washed. Then, the cells were resuspended in the test medium at 2× required final concentration. Negative control effector cells were also treated using the above method. Then, the corresponding short peptides were added to make the final concentration of short peptides in the ELISPOT well plate 10 −6  M. 
     According to the instructions provided by the manufacturer, the well plate was prepared as follows: anti-human IFN-γ capture antibodies were diluted at 1:200 with 10 mL of sterile PBS per plate, and then 100 μL of diluted capture antibodies were equally added to each well. The well plate was incubated overnight at 4° C. After incubation, the well plate was washed to remove excess capture antibodies. RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% FBS was added at 100 μL/well, and the well plate was incubated at room temperature for 2 hours to block the well plate. The culture medium was then washed from the well plate and any residual washing buffer was removed by flicking and patting the ELISPOT well plate on the paper. Components of the assay were then added to the ELISPOT plate: 2×10 4  target cells/well and 1×10 3  effector cells/well (calculated according to the positive rate of transfection), and in duplicate. 
     The well plate was then incubated overnight (37° C./5% CO 2 ). On the second day, the culture medium was discarded, and the well plate was washed twice with double distilled water, and then washed three times with washing buffer, and patted on a paper towel to remove the residual washing buffer. The detection antibodies were then diluted with PBS containing 10% FBS diluted at 1:200, and added to each well at 100 μL/well. The well plate was incubated at room temperature for 2 hours, then washed with washing buffer three times, and patted on the paper towel to remove excessive washing buffer. Streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase was diluted with PBS containing 10% FBS at 1:100, 100 μL of diluted streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase was added to each well, and the well plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour, then washed with washing buffer four time, washed with PBSs twice, and patted on the paper towel to remove excessive washing buffer and PBS. After washing, BCIP/NBT solution provided by the kit was added at 100 μL/well for development. During development, the well plate was covered with tin foil, protected from light, and allowed to stand for 5 to 15 minutes. During this period, the spots on the developed well plate were routinely detected to determine the best time to terminate the reaction. The BCIP/NBT solution was removed, the well plate was rinsed with double distilled water to terminate the development reaction and spin-dried, then the bottom of the well plate was removed, the well plate was dried at room temperature until each well was completely dry, and the spots formed on the bottom film of the well plate were counted using an immunospot plate reader (CTL, Cellular Technology Limited). 
     The release of IFN-γ of the T cells transduced with the TCR of the present disclosure reacting to the target cells was detected by ELISPOT assay (as described above). The number of ELSPOT spots observed in each well was plotted by graphpad prism 6. 
     Experimental results are shown in  FIG.  15   . T cells (effector cells) transduced with the TCR of the present disclosure have excellent activation response to target cells loaded with KRAS G12V (nonapeptide and decapeptide) and have no activation response to wild-type KRAS (nonapeptide and decapeptide) without mutation, KRAS G12D (nonapeptide and decapeptide) with other mutations at position 12, other antigen short peptides and unloaded target cells. It shows that the TCR of the present disclosure can specifically bind to KRAS G12V (nonapeptide and decapeptide) and produce cell activation reaction. 
     Example 8 Activation Experiment of T Cells Transduced with the TCR of the Present Disclosure (with Tumor Cell Lines as Target Cells) 
     This example also verifies that effector cells transfected with the TCR of the present disclosure have an excellent specific activation effect on target cells. The function and specificity of the high-affinity TCR of the present disclosure in cells were detected by ELISPOT assay. 
     Methods for detecting cellular functions using ELISPOT assays are well known to those skilled in the art. The effector cells (T cells) used herein were CD3+ T cells transfected with the KRAS G12V antigen short peptide-specific TCR of the present disclosure, and CD3+ T cells from the same volunteer not transfected with the TCR of the present disclosure were used as the control group. The target cell lines were A562-A11-TMG1 (over-expressed A11 and KRAS G12V), A562-A11 (over-expressed A11), A562-A11-TMG2 (over-expressed A11 and KRAS G12D), SK-MEL-1, SW620-A11 (over-expressed A11), and SW620 cells. The target cell lines A562-A11-TMG1 and SW620-A11 were used as positive tumor cell lines, and A562-A11, A562-A11-TMG2, SK-MEL-1 and SW620 were used as negative tumor cell lines as control. 
     Firstly, a ELISPOT plate was prepared. The ELISPOT plate was activated and coated with ethanol overnight at 4° C. On the first day of the experiment, the coating solution was removed, the plate was washed, blocked and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours, and the blocking solution was removed. Components of the assay were added to the ELISPOT plate: 2×10 4  target cells/well and 10 3  effector cells/well (calculated according to the positive rate of transfection) in duplicate. The plate was incubated overnight (37° C., 5% CO 2 ). On the second day of the experiment, the plate was washed, subjected to the secondary detection and development, and dried, and the spots formed on the film were counted using an immunospot plate reader (ELISPOT READER system; AID20 company). 
     Experimental results are shown in  FIG.  16   . The effector cells transfected with the TCR of the present disclosure exhibit excellent specific activation effects on positive target cell lines and have no response to negative target cell lines. In addition, the effector cells transfected with another TCR have no activation effect on the target cells. 
     Example 9 LDH Killing Function Assay of Effector Cells Transfected with the TCR of the Present Disclosure 
     This example verifies the killing function of the cells transduced with the TCR of the present disclosure by measuring the release of LDH through a non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay. The assay is a colorimetric alternative to the 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay and quantifies lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released after cell lysis. The LDH released in a culture medium was detected using a 30-minute coupled enzymatic reaction where the LDH converted a tetrazolium salt (INT) to red formazan. The amount of the red product produced was proportional to the number of cells lysed. Visible absorbance data at 490 nm can be collected using a standard 96-well plate reader. 
     Methods for detecting cellular functions using the release of LDH are well known to those skilled in the art. The effector cells (T cells) used herein were CD3+ T cells transfected with KRASTCR of the present disclosure, and CD3+ T cells from the same volunteer not transfected with the TCR of the present disclosure were used as the control group. The target cell lines were T2-A11 (over-expressed A11) of KRAS G12V (nonapeptide) VVGAVGVGK, T2-A11 (over-expressed A11), SK-MEL-28, SW620-A11 (over-expressed A11), SW620, and SW480-A11 (over-expressed A11) cells. T2-A11 loaded with VVGAVGVGK short peptides, SW620-A11 and SW480-A11 were used as positive tumor cell lines; and T2-A11, SK-MEL-28 and SW620 were used as negative tumor cell lines as control. 
     Firstly, an LDH plate was prepared. On the first day of the assay, components of the assay were added to the plate: 3×10 4  target cell line cells/well and 3×10 4  effector cells/well in triplicate. An effector cell spontaneous well, a target cell spontaneous well, a target cell maximum well, a volume correction control well and a culture medium background control well were set. The plate was incubated overnight (37° C., 5% CO 2 ). On the second day of the assay, the cells were subjected to detection and development. After the reaction was terminated, the absorbance at 450 nm was recorded with a microplate reader (Bioteck). 
     Experimental results are shown in  FIG.  17   . The effector cells transfected with the TCR of the present disclosure exhibit strong killing effects on positive target cell lines and have no killing effect on negative target cell lines. In addition, the effector cells transfected with another TCR have no killing effect on the target cells. 
     All documents mentioned in the present disclosure are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties, as if each is incorporated by reference. In addition, it is to be understood that after reading the teachings of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present disclosure, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope as defined by the appended claims of the present application.