Patent Publication Number: US-2002005759-A1

Title: Ultra complementary audio amplifier output stage

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001] Not Applicable.  
       STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT  
       [0002] Not Applicable.  
       REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX  
       [0003] Not Applicable.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0004] This invention relates to circuits for audio frequency power amplifier&#39;s push-pull output stage. (Class: 330, Amplifiers.)  
       [0005] The complementary devices (P &amp; N MOSFETs, or PNP &amp; NPN Bipolar transistors) used in an audio amplifier push-pull output stage are assumed to be fully complementary.  
       [0006] Deviation from fully complementary characteristics may arise from device design and production tolerances. The result is an increased total harmonic distortion (THD).  
       [0007] In particular, in Class A push-pull output stages, the deviation from fully complementary characteristics results in increased THD with respect to increasing frequency and degradation of power supply rejection ratio with respect to increasing frequency.  
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0008] Driving both halves of the push-pull output stage with an identical signal will improve even order harmonics cancellation in Class A operation.  
       [0009] The identical drive signal can be achieved by summing the drive signals from both halves.  
       [0010] Using two independent drivers, one for each half, driver interaction is minimised. 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING  
     [0011]FIG. 1 shows a low power Class A push-pull Sziklai pair output stage with two Output Power Devices (OPD), featuring the Mutual Bootstrap Capacitor (MBC) which ties the OPDs together at operating frequencies. The OPDs may be bipolar transistors or MOSFETs.  
     [0012]FIG. 2 shows a low power Class A push-pull EF output stage with two OPDs. The Mutual Bootstrap Capacitor acts as in FIG. 1.  
     [0013]FIG. 3 shows a development of FIG. 1, a class A push-pull Sziklai pair output stage for four OPDs. The MBCs, as before, bootstrap all the OPDs together at operating frequencies. The OPDs may be bipolar transistors or MOSFETs.  
     [0014]FIG. 4 Shows the implementation of Ultra Complementary Class B push-pull ‘Sziklai’ MOSFET hybrid pair output stage. Such a configuration will enable both the quiescent current and the transient current to be more accurately shared between the MOSFETs as they are now determined by the V be  of the bipolar transistors instead of manufacturing tolerances of MOSFETs. The MBCs ensure that the MOSFETs see the summed gate drive signal from the driving devices operating in the same duty cycle.  
     [0015]FIG. 5 shows the Ultra Complementary Audio Amplifier Output Stage implemented in a compound (triple based) push pull output stage with two MBCs bootstrapping the OPDs which are operating in the same phase.  
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
     [0016] The present invention aims to improve the complementary characteristics of the push-pull audio amplifier output stage from the output drivers.  
     [0017] The present invention is applicable to the Sziklai pair output stage, the ‘Sziklai’ MOSFET hybrid output stage, the emitter follower (EF) output stage and compound (eg. triple) output stages by forcing the output power devices (OPD) to be driven by a combined signal derived from it&#39;s driving device and from at least one other driving device.  
     [0018] By using more than one independent driver connected together by bootstrapping, the transfer function of the drivers are summed. As the drivers are independent, the interaction between them remained minimal.  
     [0019] Operating in class A, the summed driving signal improves the cancellation of the even order harmonics. As both halves see an identical signal, such cancellation is therefore limited only by the deviation from the complementary characteristics of the two final devices. (This can be further minimised by local negative feedback. e.g. Sziklai configration.)  
     [0020] The power supply rejection ratio of such a stage will also be enhanced by the improved cancellation resulting from the above enhanced complementarity.  
     [0021] Class B output stages will benefit from the averaging of the devices&#39; individual characteristics due to deviation within the manufacturer&#39;s tolerance.