Patent Publication Number: US-8541529-B2

Title: Positive resist composition, method of forming resist pattern, and polymeric compound

Description:
This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/461,687, filed Aug. 20, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,192,915 now allowed. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a novel polymeric compound which can be used as a base component for a positive resist composition, a positive resist composition containing the polymeric compound, and a method of forming a resist pattern using the positive resist composition. 
     Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-214688, filed Aug. 22, 2008, Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-285755, filed Nov. 6, 2008, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-185958, filed Aug. 10, 2009, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In lithography techniques, for example, a resist film composed of a resist material is formed on a substrate, and the resist film is subjected to selective exposure of radial rays such as light or electron beam through a mask having a predetermined pattern, followed by development, thereby forming a resist pattern having a predetermined shape on the resist film. 
     A resist material in which the exposed portions become soluble in a developing solution is called a positive-type, and a resist material in which the exposed portions become insoluble in a developing solution is called a negative-type. 
     In recent years, in the production of semiconductor elements and liquid crystal display elements, advances in lithography techniques have lead to rapid progress in the field of pattern miniaturization. 
     Typically, these miniaturization techniques involve shortening the wavelength of the exposure light source. Conventionally, ultraviolet radiation typified by g-line and i-line radiation has been used, but nowadays KrF excimer lasers and ArF excimer lasers are starting to be introduced in mass production. Furthermore, research is also being conducted into lithography techniques that use an exposure light source having a wavelength shorter than these excimer lasers, such as F 2  excimer lasers, electron beam, extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV), and X-ray. 
     Resist materials for use with these types of exposure light sources require lithography properties such as a high resolution capable of reproducing patterns of minute dimensions, and a high level of sensitivity to these types of exposure light sources. 
     As a resist material that satisfies these conditions, a chemically amplified composition is used, which includes a base material component that exhibits a changed solubility in an alkali developing solution under the action of acid and an acid generator that generates acid upon exposure. 
     For example, a chemically amplified positive resist contains, as a base component (base resin), a resin which exhibits increased solubility in an alkali developing solution under action of acid, and an acid generator is typically used. If the resist film formed using the resist composition is selectively exposed during formation of a resist pattern, then within the exposed portions, acid is generated from the acid generator, and the action of this acid causes an increase in the solubility of the resin component in an alkali developing solution, making the exposed portions soluble in the alkali developing solution. 
     Currently, resins that contain structural units derived from (meth)acrylate esters within the main chain (acrylic resins) are now widely used as base resins for resists that use ArF excimer laser lithography, as they exhibit excellent transparency in the vicinity of 193 nm (for example, see Patent Document 1). Here, the term “(meth)acrylic acid” is a generic term that includes either or both of acrylic acid having a hydrogen atom bonded to the α-position and methacrylic acid having a methyl group bonded to the α-position. The term “(meth)acrylate ester” is a generic term that includes either or both of the acrylate ester having a hydrogen atom bonded to the α-position and the methacrylate ester having a methyl group bonded to the α-position. The term “(meth)acrylate” is a generic term that includes either or both of the acrylate having a hydrogen atom bonded to the α-position and the methacrylate having a methyl group bonded to the α-position. 
     Further, in order to improve various lithography properties, a base resin having a plurality of structural units is currently used for a chemically amplified resist. For example, in the case of a positive resist, a base resin containing a structural unit having an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group that is dissociated by the action of acid generated from the acid generator, a structural unit having a polar group such as a hydroxyl group, a structural unit having a lactone structure, and the like is typically used. Among these structural units, a structural unit having a lactone structure is generally considered as being effective in improving the adhesion between the resist film and the substrate, and increasing the compatibility with an alkali developing solution, thereby contributing to improvement in various lithography properties.
     [Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2003-241385   [Patent Document 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2006-016379   

     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     As further progress is made in lithography techniques and the application field for lithography techniques expands, development of a novel material for use in lithography will be desired. For example, as miniaturization of resist patterns progress, improvement will be demanded for resist materials with respect to various lithography properties such as resolution and the like. 
     Mask error factor (MEF) is one of such lithography properties. The MEF is a parameter that indicates how faithfully mask patterns of differing dimensions can be reproduced by using the same exposure dose with fixed pitch and changing the mask size (i.e., mask reproducibility). In the formation of a resist pattern using a conventional resist composition, when the mask size (e.g., the hole diameter of a hole pattern, or the line width of a line and space pattern) is changed, the amount of light irradiated on exposed portions is changed. As a result, disadvantages are likely to be caused in that the actual size of the formed pattern is deviated from the mask size, and pattern collapse occurs in the formation of an extremely fine pattern with a narrow pitch. For example, when a hole pattern having a hole diameter of about no more than 100 nm is formed, the circularity of the holes is likely to be deteriorated. 
     The present invention takes the above circumstances into consideration, with an object of providing a novel polymeric compound which can be used as a base component for a positive resist composition, a compound useful as a monomer for the polymeric compound, a positive resist composition containing the polymeric compound, and a method of forming a resist pattern using the positive resist composition. 
     For solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention employs the following aspects. 
     Specifically, a first aspect of the present invention is a positive resist composition including a base component (A) which exhibits increased solubility in an alkali developing solution under action of acid and an acid-generator component (B) which generates acid upon exposure, the base component (A) including a polymeric compound (A1) containing a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below and a structural unit (a1) derived from an acrylate ester containing an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group. 
                         
In the formula, R 1  represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogenated lower alkyl group; R 2  represents a divalent linking group; and R 3  represents a cyclic group containing —SO 2 — within the ring skeleton thereof.
 
     A second aspect of the present invention is a method of forming a resist pattern, including applying a positive resist composition according to the first aspect on a substrate to form a resist film, subjecting the resist film to exposure, and subjecting the resist film to alkali developing to form a resist pattern. 
     A third aspect of the present invention is a polymeric compound including a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below and a structural unit (a1) derived from an acrylate ester containing an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group. 
                         
In the formula, R 1  represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogenated lower alkyl group; R 2  represents a divalent linking group; and R 3  represents a cyclic group containing —SO 2 — within the ring skeleton thereof.
 
     In the present description and claims, the term “aliphatic” is a relative concept used in relation to the term “aromatic”, and defines a group or compound that has no aromaticity. 
     The term “alkyl group” includes linear, branched or cyclic, monovalent saturated hydrocarbon, unless otherwise specified. 
     The term “alkylene group” includes linear, branched or cyclic divalent saturated hydrocarbon, unless otherwise specified. The same applies for the alkyl group within an alkoxy group. 
     A “halogenated alkyl group” is a group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms of an alkyl group is substituted with halogen atoms. Examples of halogen atoms include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms and iodine atoms. 
     A “fluorinated alkyl group” or a “fluorinated alkylene group” is a group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms of an alkyl group or an alkylene group have been substituted with a fluorine atom. 
     The term “structural unit” refers to a monomer unit that contributes to the formation of a polymeric compound (resin, polymer, copolymer). 
     A “structural unit derived from an acrylate ester” refers to a structural unit that is formed by the cleavage of the ethylenic double bond of an acrylate ester. 
     The term “acrylate ester” is a generic term that includes acrylate esters having a hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom on the α-position, and acrylate esters having a substituent (an atom other than a hydrogen atom or a group) bonded to the carbon atom on the α-position. Examples of the substituent bonded to the carbon atom on the α-position include an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and a hydroxyalkyl group. 
     Hereafter, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and a halogenated alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms are frequently referred to as a lower alkyl group and a halogenated lower alkyl group, respectively. A carbon atom on the α-position of an acrylate ester refers to the carbon atom bonded to the carbonyl group, unless specified otherwise. 
     The term “exposure” is used as a general concept that includes irradiation with any form of radiation. 
     According to the present invention, there are provided a novel polymeric compound which can be used as a base component for a positive resist composition, a positive resist composition containing the polymeric compound, and a method of forming a resist pattern using the positive resist composition. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     &lt;&lt;Positive Resist Composition&gt;&gt; 
     The positive resist composition of the present invention (hereafter, frequently referred to simply as “resist composition”) includes a base component (A) (hereafter, referred to as “component (A)”) which exhibits increased solubility in an alkali developing solution under action of acid and an acid-generator component (B) (hereafter, referred to as “component (B)”) which generates acid upon exposure. 
     In the positive resist composition, when radial rays are irradiated (when exposure is conducted), acid is generated from the component (B), and the solubility of the component (A) in an alkali developing solution is increased by the action of the generated acid. Therefore, in the formation of a resist pattern, by conducting selective exposure of a resist film formed by using the positive resist composition of the present invention, the solubility of the exposed portions in an alkali developing solution is increased, whereas the solubility of the unexposed portions in an alkali developing solution is unchanged, and hence, a resist pattern can be formed by alkali developing. 
     Here, the term “base component” refers to an organic compound capable of forming a film. As the base component, an organic compound having a molecular weight of 500 or more can be preferably used. When the organic compound has a molecular weight of 500 or more, the film-forming ability is improved, and a resist pattern of nano level can be easily formed. 
     The “organic compound having a molecular weight of 500 or more” which can be used as a base component is broadly classified into non-polymers and polymers. 
     In general, as a non-polymer, any of those which have a molecular weight in the range of 500 to less than 4,000 is used. Hereafter, a non-polymer having a molecular weight in the range of 500 to less than 4,000 is referred to as a low molecular weight compound. 
     As a polymer, any of those which have a molecular weight of 2,000 or more is used. Hereafter, a polymer having a molecular weight of 2,000 or more is referred to as a polymeric compound. With respect to a polymeric compound, the “molecular weight” is the weight average molecular weight in terms of the polystyrene equivalent value determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Hereafter, a polymeric compound is frequently referred to simply as a “resin”. 
     &lt;Component (A)&gt; 
     [Polymeric Compound (A1)] 
     The polymeric compound (A1) (hereafter, referred to as “component (A1)”) includes a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) and a structural unit (a1) derived from an acrylate ester containing an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group. 
     The component (A1) preferably includes a structural unit (a2) derived from an acrylate ester containing a lactone-containing cyclic group, as well as the structural units (a0) and (a1). 
     Furthermore, the component (A1) preferably includes a structural unit (a3) derived from an acrylate ester containing a polar group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon group, as well as the structural units (a0) and (a1), or the structural units (a0), (a1) and (a2). 
     (Structural Unit (a0)) 
     In general formula (a0-1), R 1  represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogenated lower alkyl group. 
     The lower alkyl group for R 1  is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a neopentyl group. 
     The halogenated lower alkyl group for R 1  is a group in which part of or all of the hydrogen atoms of the aforementioned alkyl group is substituted with halogen atoms. Examples of halogen atoms include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms and iodine atoms, and fluorine atoms are particularly desirable. 
     As R 1 , a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a fluorinated alkyl group is preferable, and a hydrogen atom or a methyl group is particularly desirable in terms of industrial availability. 
     In general formula (a0-1), R 2  a divalent linking group. 
     Preferable examples of R 2  include a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom. 
     A hydrocarbon “has a substituent” means that part or all of the hydrogen atoms within the hydrocarbon group is substituted with groups or atoms other than hydrogen atom. 
     The hydrocarbon group may be either an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group. An “aliphatic hydrocarbon group” refers to a hydrocarbon group that has no aromaticity. 
     The aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be saturated or unsaturated. In general, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably saturated. 
     As specific examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a ring in the structure thereof can be given. 
     The linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8, still more preferably 1 to 5, and most preferably 1 or 2. 
     As the linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a linear alkylene group is preferable. Specific examples thereof include a methylene group [—CH 2 —], an ethylene group [—(CH 2 ) 2 —], a trimethylene group [—(CH 2 ) 3 —], a tetramethylene group [—(CH 2 ) 4 —] and a pentamethylene group [—(CH 2 ) 5 —]. 
     As a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a branched alkylene group is preferable, and specific examples include alkylmethylene groups such as —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH(CH 2 CH 3 )—, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 )—, —C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 )—, and —C(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 —; alkylethylene groups such as —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 )—, —C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 —, —CH(CH 2 CH 3 )CH 2 —, and —C(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 —CH 2 —; alkyltrimethylene groups such as —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 —, and —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —; and alkyltetramethylene groups such as —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, and —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 —. As the alkyl group within the alkylalkylene group, a linear alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable. 
     The linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group (chain-like aliphatic hydrocarbon group) may or may not have a substituent. Examples of substituents include a fluorine atom, a fluorinated lower alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and an oxygen atom (═O). 
     As examples of the hydrocarbon group containing a ring in the structure thereof, a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group (a group in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring), and a group in which the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group is bonded to the terminal of the aforementioned chain-like aliphatic hydrocarbon group or interposed within the aforementioned chain-like aliphatic hydrocarbon group, can be given. 
     The cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms. 
     The cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be either a polycyclic group or a monocyclic group. As the monocyclic group, a group in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane of 3 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable. Examples of the monocycloalkane include cyclopentane and cyclohexane. 
     As the polycyclic group, a group in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane of 7 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable. Examples of the polycycloalkane include adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane and tetracyclododecane. 
     The cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group may or may not have a substituent. Examples of substituents include a lower alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, a fluorinated lower alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and an oxygen atom (═O). 
     An aromatic hydrocarbon group is a hydrocarbon group having an aromatic ring. The aromatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 30 carbon atoms, still more preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and most preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Here, the number of carbon atoms within a substituent(s) is not included in the number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group. 
     Specific examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include an aryl group which is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring having one hydrogen atom removed therefrom, such as a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group or a phenanthryl group; and an arylalkyl group such as a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a 1-naphthylmethyl group, a 2-naphthylmethyl group, a 1-naphthylethyl group, or a 2-naphthylethyl group. The alkyl chain within the arylalkyl group preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 carbon atom. 
     The aromatic hydrocarbon group may have a substituent. For example, a part of the carbon atoms constituting the aromatic ring within the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a hetero atom, or a hydrogen atom bonded to the aromatic ring within the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a substituent. 
     In the former example, a heteroaryl group in which a part of the carbon atoms constituting the ring within the aforementioned aryl group has been substituted with a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom, and a heteroarylalkyl group in which a part of the carbon atoms constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon ring within the aforementioned arylalkyl group has been substituted with the aforementioned hetero atom can be used. 
     In the latter example, as the substituent for the aromatic hydrocarbon group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an oxygen atom (═O) or the like can be used. 
     The alkyl group as the substituent for the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group or a tert-butyl group is particularly desirable. 
     The alkoxy group as the substituent for the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, iso-propoxy group, n-butoxy group or tert-butoxy group, and most preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group. 
     Examples of the halogen atom as the substituent for the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable. 
     Examples of the halogenated alkyl group as the substituent for the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a group in which a part or all of the hydrogen atoms within the aforementioned alkyl group have been substituted with the aforementioned halogen atoms. 
     With respect to a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom, a hetero atom is an atom other than carbon and hydrogen, and examples thereof include an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and a halogen atom. 
     Specific examples of the divalent linking group containing a hetero atom include —O—, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—O—, a carbonate bond (—O—C(═O)—O—), —S—, —S(═O) 2 —, —S(═O) 2 —O—, —NH—, —NR 04 —(R 04  represents a substituent such as an alkyl group, an acyl group or the like), —NH—C(═O)—, and ═N—. Further, a combination of any one of these “divalent linking groups containing a hetero atom” with a divalent hydrocarbon group can also be used. As examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group, the same groups as those described above for the hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent can be given, and a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferable. 
     R 2  may or may not have an acid dissociable portion in the structure thereof. An “acid dissociable portion” refers to a portion within the organic group which is dissociated from the organic group by action of acid generated upon exposure. When R 2  group has an acid dissociable portion, it preferably has an acid dissociable portion having a tertiary carbon atom. 
     In the present invention, as the divalent linking group for R 2 , an alkylene group, a divalent aliphatic cyclic group or a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom is preferable. Among these, an alkylene group is particularly desirable. 
     When R 2  represents an alkylene group, it preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6, still more preferably 1 to 4, and most preferably 1 to 3. Specific examples of alkylene groups include the aforementioned linear alkylene groups and branched alkylene groups. 
     When R 2  represents a divalent aliphatic cyclic group, as the aliphatic cyclic group, the same aliphatic cyclic groups as those described above for the “aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a ring in the structure thereof” can be used. 
     As the aliphatic cyclic group, a group in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from cyclopentane, cyclohexane, norbornane, isobornane, adamantane, tricyclodecane or tetracyclododecane is particularly desirable. 
     When R 2  represents a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom, preferable examples of linking groups include —O—, —C(═O)—O—, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NH—, —NH— (H may be replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group, an acyl group or the like), —S—, —S(═O) 2 —, —S(═O) 2 —O—, a group represented by the formula -A-O-B-, a group represented by the formula -A-O—C(═O)-B-, and a group represented by the formula -[A-C(═O)—O] m -B-. Herein, each of A and B independently represents a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and m represents an integer of 0 to 3. 
     When R 2  represents —NH—, H may be replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group, an acyl group or the like. The substituent (an alkyl group, an acyl group or the like) preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8, and most preferably 1 to 5. 
     In the group represented by the formula -A-O-B-, -A-O—C(═O)-B- or -[A-C(═O)—O] m -B-, each of A and B independently represents a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. 
     Examples of divalent hydrocarbon groups for A and B which may have a substituent include the same groups as those described above for the “divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent” usable as R 2 . 
     As A, a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferable, more preferably a linear alkylene group, still more preferably a linear alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a methylene group or an ethylene group is particularly desirable. 
     As B, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferable, and a methylene group, an ethylene group or an alkylmethylene group is more preferable. The alkyl group within the alkylmethylene group is preferably a linear alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and most preferably a methyl group. 
     In the group represented by the formula -[A-C(═O)—O] m -B-, m represents an integer of 0 to 3, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 1. 
     In general formula (a0-1), R 3  represents a cyclic group containing —SO 2 — within the ring skeleton thereof. 
     The cyclic group for R 3  refers to a cyclic group including a ring that contains —SO 2 — within the ring skeleton thereof, and this ring is counted as the first ring. A cyclic group in which the only ring structure is the ring that contains —SO 2 — within the ring skeleton thereof is referred to as a monocyclic group, and a group containing other ring structures is described as a polycyclic group regardless of the structure of the other rings. The cyclic group for R 3  may be either a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. 
     It is particularly desirable that R 3  be a cyclic group containing —O—SO 2 — within the ring skeleton thereof. 
     The cyclic group for R 3  preferably has 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 20, still more preferably 4 to 15, and most preferably 4 to 12. 
     Herein, the number of carbon atoms refers to the number of carbon atoms constituting the ring skeleton, excluding the number of carbon atoms within a substituent. 
     The cyclic group for R 3  may be either an aliphatic cyclic group or an aromatic cyclic group. 
     An aliphatic cyclic group is preferable. 
     Examples of aliphatic cyclic groups for R 3  include the aforementioned cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon groups in which part of the carbon atoms constituting the ring skeleton thereof has been substituted with —SO 2 — or —O—SO 2 —. 
     More specifically, examples of monocyclic groups include a monocycloalkane in which one hydrogen atom have been removed therefrom and a —CH 2 — group constituting the ring skeleton thereof has been substituted with —SO 2 —; and a monocycloalkane in which one hydrogen atom have been removed therefrom and a —CH 2 —CH 2 — group constituting the ring skeleton thereof has been substituted with —O—SO 2 —. Examples of polycyclic groups include a polycycloalkane (a bicycloalkane, a tricycloalkane, a tetracycloalkane or the like) in which one hydrogen atom have been removed therefrom and a —CH 2 — group constituting the ring skeleton thereof has been substituted with —SO 2 —; and a polycycloalkane in which one hydrogen atom have been removed therefrom and a —CH 2 —CH 2 — group constituting the ring skeleton thereof has been substituted with —O—SO 2 —. 
     The cyclic group for R 3  may have a substituent. Examples of substituents include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxy group, an oxygen atom (═O), —COOR″, —OC(═O)R″, a hydroxyalkyl group and a cyano group. 
     The alkyl group for the substituent is preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Further, the alkyl group is preferably a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group. Specific examples include a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group and hexyl group. Among these, a methyl group or ethyl group is preferable, and a methyl group is particularly desirable. 
     As the alkoxy group for the substituent, an alkoxy group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable. Further, the alkoxy group is preferably a linear alkoxy group or a branched alkyl group. Specific examples of the alkoxy groups include the aforementioned alkyl groups for the substituent having an oxygen atom (—O—) bonded thereto. 
     Examples of halogen atoms for the substituent include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable. 
     Examples of halogenated alkyl groups for the substituent include groups in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms within the aforementioned alkyl groups has been substituted with the aforementioned halogen atoms. 
     As examples of the halogenated lower alkyl group for the substituent, groups in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the aforementioned alkyl groups for the substituent have been substituted with the aforementioned halogen atoms can be given. As the halogenated alkyl group, a fluorinated alkyl group is preferable, and a perfluoroalkyl group is particularly desirable. 
     In the —COOR″ group and the —OC(═O)R″ group, R″ represents a hydrogen atom or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms. 
     When R″ represents a linear or branched alkyl group, it is preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and most preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. 
     When R″ is a cyclic alkyl group (cycloalkyl group), it preferably has 3 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and most preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms. As examples of the cycloalkyl group, groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane or a polycycloalkane such as a bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane or tetracycloalkane, which may or may not be substituted with a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group, may be used. Specific examples include groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane; and groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane or tetracyclododecane. 
     The hydroxyalkyl group for the substituent preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include the aforementioned alkyl groups for the substituent in which at least one hydrogen atom has been substituted with a hydroxy group. 
     More specific examples of R 3  include groups represented by general formulas (3-1) to (3-4) shown below. 
                         
In the formulas, A′ represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may contain an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; a represents an integer of 0 to 2; and R 6  represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, —COOR″, —OC(═O)R″, a hydroxyalkyl group or a cyano group, wherein R″ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
 
     In general formulas (3-1) to (3-4) above, A′ represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may contain an oxygen atom (—O—) or a sulfur atom (—S—). 
     As the alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms for A′, a linear or branched alkylene group is preferable, and examples thereof include a methylene group, an ethylene group, an n-propylene group and an isopropylene group. 
     Examples of alkylene groups that contain an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom include the aforementioned alkylene groups in which —O— or —S— is bonded to the terminal of the alkylene group or interposed within the alkyl group. Specific examples of such alkylene groups include —O—CH 2 —, —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —, —S—CH 2 —, and —CH 2 —S—CH 2 —. 
     As A′, an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or —O— is preferable, more preferably an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and most preferably a methylene group. 
     a represents an integer of 0 to 2, and is most preferably 0. 
     When a is 2, the plurality of R 2  may be the same or different from each other. 
     As the alkyl group, alkoxy group, halogenated alkyl group, halogenated alkyl group, hydroxyl group, —COOR″, —OC(═O)R″, hydroxyalkyl group and cyano group for R 6 , the same alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, halogenated alkyl groups, halogenated alkyl groups, hydroxyl groups, —COOR″, —OC(═O)R″, hydroxyalkyl groups and cyano groups as those described above as the substituent which the cyclic group for R 3  may have can be used. 
     Specific examples of the cyclic groups represented by general formulas (3-1) to (3-4) are shown below. In the formulas shown below, “Ac” represents an acetyl group. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     As R 3 , a group represented by general formula (3-1) is preferable, at least one member selected from the group consisting of groups represented by chemical formula (3-1-1), (3-1-18), (3-3-1) and (3-4-1) is more preferable, and a group represented by chemical formula (3-1-1) or (3-1-18) is most preferable. 
     In the present invention, as the structural unit (a0), a structural unit represented by general formula (a0-1-11) shown below is particularly desirable. 
                         
In the formula, R 1  is the same as defined above; R 2 ′ represents a linear or branched alkylene group or a group represented by the formula -A-O—C(═O)-B- (each of A and B independently represents a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent); and A′ is the same as defined above.
 
     The linear or branched alkylene group for R 2 ′ preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8, still more preferably 1 to 5, still more preferably 1 to 3, and most preferably 1 or 2. 
     In the formula -A-O—C(═O)-B-, A and B are the same as defined above. 
     A′ is preferably a methylene group, an oxygen atom (—O—) or a sulfur atom (—S—). 
     As the structural unit (a0), one type of structural unit may be used alone, or two or more types of structural units may be used in combination. 
     In terms of achieving excellent properties with respect to MEF, the shape of a formed resist pattern, uniformity of contact holes (CDU), line width roughness (LWR) and the like in the formation of a resist pattern using a positive resist composition containing the component (A1), the amount of the structural unit (a0) within the component (A1), based on the combined total of all structural units constituting the component (A1) is preferably 1 to 60 mol %, more preferably 5 to 50 mol %, and still more preferably 10 to 40 mol %. 
     (Structural Unit (a1)) 
     The structural unit (a1) is a structural unit derived from an acrylate ester containing an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group which does not fall under the category of the aforementioned structural unit (a0). 
     As the acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group in the structural unit (a1), any of the groups that have been proposed as acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups for the base resins of chemically amplified resists can be used, provided the group has an alkali dissolution-inhibiting effect that renders the entire component (A1) insoluble in an alkali developing solution prior to dissociation, and then following dissociation by action of acid, increases the solubility of the entire component (A1) in the alkali developing solution. Generally, groups that form either a cyclic or chain-like tertiary alkyl ester with the carboxyl group of the (meth)acrylic acid, and acetal-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups such as alkoxyalkyl groups are widely known. Here, the term “(meth)acrylate ester” is a generic term that includes either or both of the acrylate ester having a hydrogen atom bonded to the α-position and the methacrylate ester having a methyl group bonded to the α-position. 
     Here, a tertiary alkyl ester describes a structure in which an ester is formed by substituting the hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group with a chain-like or cyclic tertiary alkyl group, and a tertiary carbon atom within the chain-like or cyclic tertiary alkyl group is bonded to the oxygen atom at the terminal of the carbonyloxy group (—C(O)—O—). In this tertiary alkyl ester, the action of acid causes cleavage of the bond between the oxygen atom and the tertiary carbon atom. 
     The chain-like or cyclic alkyl group may have a substituent. 
     Hereafter, for the sake of simplicity, groups that exhibit acid dissociability as a result of the formation of a tertiary alkyl ester with a carboxyl group are referred to as “tertiary alkyl ester-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups”. 
     Examples of tertiary alkyl ester-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups include aliphatic branched, acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups and aliphatic cyclic group-containing acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups. 
     The term “aliphatic branched” refers to a branched structure having no aromaticity. The “aliphatic branched, acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group” is not limited to be constituted of only carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms (not limited to hydrocarbon groups), but is preferably a hydrocarbon group. Further, the “hydrocarbon group” may be either saturated or unsaturated, but is preferably saturated. 
     As an example of the aliphatic branched, acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group, for example, a group represented by the formula —C(R 71 )(R 72 )(R 73 ) can be given (in the formula, each of R 71  to R 73  independently represents a linear alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms). The group represented by the formula —C(R 71 )(R 72 )(R 73 )   preferably has 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a tert-butyl group, a 2-methyl-2-butyl group, a 2-methyl-2-pentyl group and a 3-methyl-3-pentyl group. Among these, a tert-butyl group is particularly desirable. 
     The term “aliphatic cyclic group” refers to a monocyclic group or polycyclic group that has no aromaticity. 
     The “aliphatic cyclic group” within the structural unit (a1) may or may not have a substituent. Examples of substituents include lower alkyl groups of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy groups of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, fluorine atom, fluorinated lower alkyl groups of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and oxygen atom (═O). 
     The basic ring of the “aliphatic cyclic group” exclusive of substituents is not limited to be constituted from only carbon and hydrogen (not limited to hydrocarbon groups), but is preferably a hydrocarbon group. Further, the “hydrocarbon group” may be either saturated or unsaturated, but is preferably saturated. Furthermore, the “aliphatic cyclic group” is preferably a polycyclic group. 
     As such aliphatic cyclic groups, groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane or a polycycloalkane such as a bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane or tetracycloalkane which may or may not be substituted with a lower alkyl group, a fluorine atom or a fluorinated lower alkyl group, may be used. Specific examples include groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane such as cyclopentane or cyclohexane; and groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane or tetracyclododecane. Further, these groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane and groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane may have part of the carbon atoms constituting the ring replaced with an ethereal oxygen atom (—O—). 
     Examples of acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups containing an aliphatic cyclic group include (i) a group which has a tertiary carbon atom on the ring structure of a monovalent aliphatic cyclic group; and (ii) a group which has a branched alkylene group containing a tertiary carbon atom, and a monovalent aliphatic cyclic group to which the tertiary carbon atom is bonded. 
     Specific examples of (i) a group which has a tertiary carbon atom on the ring structure of a monovalent aliphatic cyclic group include groups represented by general formulas (1-1) to (1-9) shown below. 
     Specific examples of (ii) a group which has a branched alkylene group containing a tertiary carbon atom, and a monovalent aliphatic cyclic group to which the tertiary carbon atom is bonded include groups represented by general formulas (2-1) to (2-6) shown below. 
                         
In the formulas above, R 14  represents an alkyl group; and g represents an integer of 0 to 8.
 
                         
In the formulas above, each of R 15  and R 16  independently represents an alkyl group.
 
     As the alkyl group for R 14 , a linear or branched alkyl group is preferable. 
     The linear alkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4, and still more preferably 1 or 2. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group and an n-pentyl group. Among these, a methyl group, an ethyl group or an n-butyl group is preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable. 
     The branched alkyl group preferably has 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 3 to 5. Specific examples of such branched alkyl groups include an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an isopentyl group and a neopentyl group, and an isopropyl group is particularly desirable. 
     g is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably 1 to 3, and still more preferably 1 or 2. 
     As the alkyl group for R 15  and R 16 , the same alkyl groups as those for R 14  can be used. 
     In formulas (1-1) to (1-9) and (2-1) to (2-6), part of the carbon atoms constituting the ring may be replaced with an ethereal oxygen atom (—O—). 
     Further, in formulas (1-1) to (1-9) and (2-1) to (2-6), one or more of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms constituting the ring may be substituted with a substituent. Examples of substituents include a lower alkyl group, a fluorine atom and a fluorinated alkyl group. 
     An “acetal-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group” generally substitutes a hydrogen atom at the terminal of an alkali-soluble group such as a carboxy group or hydroxyl group, so as to be bonded with an oxygen atom. When acid is generated upon exposure, the generated acid acts to break the bond between the acetal-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group and the oxygen atom to which the acetal-type, acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group is bonded. 
     Examples of acetal-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups include groups represented by general formula (p1) shown below. 
                         
In the formula, R 1 ′ and R 2 ′ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; n represents an integer of 0 to 3; and Y represents a lower alkyl group or an aliphatic cyclic group.
 
     In general formula (p1) above, n is preferably an integer of 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 0. 
     As the lower alkyl group for R 1 ′ and R 2 ′, the same lower alkyl groups as those described above for R can be used, although a methyl group or ethyl group is preferable, and a methyl group is particularly desirable. 
     In the present invention, it is preferable that at least one of R 1 ′ and R 2 ′ be a hydrogen atom. That is, it is preferable that the acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group (p1) is a group represented by general formula (p1-1) shown below. 
                         
In the formula, R 1 ′, n and Y are the same as defined above.
 
     As the lower alkyl group for Y, the same as the lower alkyl groups for R above can be used. 
     As the aliphatic cyclic group for Y, any of the aliphatic monocyclic/polycyclic groups which have been proposed for conventional ArF resists and the like can be appropriately selected for use. For example, the same groups described above in connection with the “aliphatic cyclic group” can be used. 
     Further, as the acetal-type, acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group, groups represented by general formula (p2) shown below can also be used. 
                         
In the formula, R 17  and R 18  each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group or a hydrogen atom; and R 19  represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group; or R 17  and R 19  each independently represents a linear or branched alkylene group, and the terminal of R 17  is bonded to the terminal of R 19  to form a ring.
 
     The alkyl group for R 17  and R 18  preferably has 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and may be either linear or branched. As the alkyl group, an ethyl group or a methyl group is preferable, and a methyl group is most preferable. 
     It is particularly desirable that either one of R 17  and R 18  be a hydrogen atom, and the other be a methyl group. 
     R 19  represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group which preferably has 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and may be any of linear, branched or cyclic. 
     When R 19  represents a linear or branched alkyl group, it is preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably an ethyl group or methyl group, and most preferably an ethyl group. 
     When R 19  represents a cycloalkyl group, it preferably has 4 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and most preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms. As examples of the cycloalkyl group, groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane or a polycycloalkane such as a bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane or tetracycloalkane, which may or may not be substituted with a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group, may be used. Specific examples include groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane; and groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane or tetracyclododecane. Among these, a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from adamantane is preferable. 
     In general formula (p2) above, R 17  and R 19  may each independently represent a linear or branched alkylene group (preferably an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms), and the terminal of R 19  may be bonded to the terminal of R 17 . 
     In such a case, a cyclic group is formed by R 17 , R 19 , the oxygen atom having R 19  bonded thereto, and the carbon atom having the oxygen atom and R 17  bonded thereto. Such a cyclic group is preferably a 4 to 7-membered ring, and more preferably a 4 to 6-membered ring. Specific examples of the cyclic group include tetrahydropyranyl group and tetrahydrofuranyl group. 
     Specific examples of acetal-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups include groups represented by formulas (p3-1) to (p3-12) shown below. 
                                           
In the formulas above, R 13  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and g is the same as defined above.
 
     Specific examples of the structural unit (a1) include a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-1) shown below and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-2) shown below. 
                         
In the formulas, R represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogenated lower alkyl group; X 1  represents an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group; Y 2  represents a divalent linking group; and X 2  represents an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group.
 
     In general formula (a1-0-1), R is the same as defined for R 1  in formula (a0-1). 
     X 1  is not particularly limited as long as it is an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group. Examples thereof include the aforementioned tertiary alkyl ester-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups and acetal-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups, and tertiary alkyl ester-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups are preferable. 
     In general formula (a1-0-2), R is the same as defined above. 
     X 2  is the same as defined for X 1  in general formula (a1-0-1). 
     As examples of the divalent linking group for Y 2 , the same groups as those described above for R 2  in formula (a0-1) can be given. 
     As Y 2 , the aforementioned alkylene group, a divalent aliphatic cyclic group or a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom is preferable. Among these, a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom is preferable, and a linear group containing an oxygen atom as a heteratom, e.g., a group containing an ester bond is particularly desirable. 
     More specifically, a group represented by the aforementioned formula -A-O-B- or -A-C(═O)—O-B- is preferable, and a group represented by the formula —(CH 2 ) a —C(═O)—O—(CH 2 ) b — is particularly desirable. 
     a represents an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 1. 
     b represents an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 1. 
     Specific examples of the structural unit (a1) include structural units represented by general formulas (a1-1) to (a1-4) shown below. 
                         
In the formulas, X′ represents a tertiary alkyl ester-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group; Y represents a lower alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an aliphatic cyclic group; n represents an integer of 0 to 3; Y 2  represents a divalent linking group; R is the same as defined above; and each of R 1 ′ and R 2 ′ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
 
     Examples of the tertiary alkyl ester-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group for X′ include the same tertiary alkyl ester-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups as those described above for X 1 . 
     As R 1 ′, R 2 ′, n and Y are respectively the same as defined for R 1 ′, R 2 ′, n and Y in general formula (p1) described above in connection with the “acetal-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group”. 
     As examples of Y 2 , the same groups as those described above for Y 2  in general formula (a1-0-2) can be given. 
     Specific examples of structural units represented by general formula (a1-1) to (a1-4) are shown below. 
     In the formulas shown below, R α  represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     As the structural unit (a1), one type of structural unit may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. 
     In the present invention, in terms of achieving excellent lithography properties with respect to resolution, the shape of resist pattern and the like, it is particularly desirable that the structural unit (a1) includes at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-11) shown below, a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-12) shown below and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-2) shown below. 
                         
In the formulas, R represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogenated lower alkyl group; R 21  represents an alkyl group; R 22  represents a group which forms an aliphatic monocyclic group with the carbon atom to which R 22  is bonded; R 23  represents a branched alkyl group; R 24  represents a group which forms an aliphatic polycyclic group with the carbon atom to which R 24  is bonded; Y 2  represents a divalent linking group; and X 2  represents an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group.
 
     In the formulas, R, Y 2  and X 2  are the same as defined above. 
     In general formula (a1-0-11), as the alkyl group for R 21 , the same alkyl groups as those described above for R 14  in formulas (1-1) to (1-9) can be used, preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and most preferably an ethyl group. 
     As the aliphatic monocyclic group formed by R 22  and the carbon atom to which R 22  is bonded, the same aliphatic cyclic groups as those described above for the aforementioned tertiary alkyl ester-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group and which are monocyclic can be used. Specific examples include groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane. The monocycloalkane is preferably a 3- to 11-membered ring, more preferably a 3- to 8-membered ring, still more preferably a 4- to 8-membered ring, and most preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring. 
     The monocycloalkane may or may not have part of the carbon atoms constituting the ring replaced with an ethereal oxygen atom (—O—). 
     Further, the monocycloalkane may have a substituent such as a lower alkyl group, a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group. 
     As an example of R 22  constituting such an aliphatic cyclic group, an alkylene group which may have an ethereal oxygen atom (—O—) interposed between the carbon atoms can be given. 
     Specific examples of structural units represented by general formula (a1-0-11) include structural units represented by the aforementioned formulas (a1-1-16) to (a1-1-23). Among these, a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-1-0) shown below which includes the structural units represented by the aforementioned formulas (a1-1-16), (a1-1-17) and (a1-1-20) to (a1-1-23) is preferable. Further, a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-1-02′) shown below is also preferable. 
     In the formulas shown below, h is preferably an integer of 1 to 7, more preferable 1 to 4, still more preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 2. 
                         
In the formulas, R and R 21  are the same as defined above; and h represents an integer of 1 to 7.
 
     In general formula (a1-0-12), as the branched alkyl group for R 23 , the same alkyl groups as those described above for R 14  which are branched can be used, and an isopropyl group is particularly desirable. 
     As the aliphatic polycyclic group formed by R 24  and the carbon atoms to which R 24  is bonded, the same aliphatic cyclic groups as those described above for the aforementioned tertiary alkyl ester-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group and which are polycyclic can be used. 
     Specific examples of structural units represented by general formula (a1-0-12) include structural units represented by the aforementioned formulas (a1-1-26) to (a1-1-31). 
     Examples of structural units represented by general formula (a1-0-2) include structural units represented by the aforementioned formulas (a1-3) and (a1-4). Of these, a structural unit represented by formula (a1-3) is particularly desirable. 
     As a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-2), those in which Y 2  is a group represented by the aforementioned formula -A-O-B- or -A-C(═O)—O-B- is particularly desirable. 
     Preferable examples of such structural units include a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-3-01) shown below, a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-3-02) shown below, and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-3-03) shown below. 
                         
In the formula, R and R 14  are the same as defined above; R 13  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and a represents an integer of 1 to 10.
 
                         
In the formula, R and R 14  are the same as defined above; R 13  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; a represents an integer of 1 to 10; and n′ represents an integer of 0 to 3.
 
                         
In the formula, R is the same as defined above; each of Y 2 ′ and Y 2 ″ independently represents a divalent linking group; X′ represents an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group; and n represents an integer of 0 to 3.
 
     In general formulas (a1-3-01) and (a1-3-02), R 13  is preferably a hydrogen atom. 
     a is preferably an integer of 1 to 8, more preferably 1 to 5, and most preferably 1 or 2. 
     n′ is preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 2. 
     Specific examples of structural units represented by general formula (a1-3-01) include structural units represented by the aforementioned formulas (a1-3-25) and (a1-3-26). 
     Specific examples of structural units represented by general formula (a1-3-02) include structural units represented by the aforementioned formulas (a1-3-27) and (a1-3-28). 
     In general formula (a1-3-03), as the divalent linking group for Y 2 ′ and Y 2 ″, the same groups as those described above for Y 2  in general formula (a1-3) can be used. 
     As Y 2 ′, a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent is preferable, a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group is more preferable, and a linear alkylene group is still more preferable. Among linear alkylene groups, a linear alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methylene group or an ethylene group is particularly desirable. 
     As Y 2 ″, a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent is preferable, a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group is more preferable, and a linear alkylene group is still more preferable. Among linear alkylene groups, a linear alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methylene group or an ethylene group is particularly desirable. 
     As the acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group for X′, the same groups as those described above can be used. X′ is preferably a tertiary alkyl ester-type acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group, more preferably the aforementioned group (i) which has a tertiary carbon atom on the ring structure of a monovalent aliphatic cyclic group. Among the aforementioned groups (i), a group represented by general formula (1-1) above is preferable. 
     n represents an integer of 0 to 3, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 1. 
     As the structural unit represented by general formula (a1-3-03), a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-3-03-1) or (a1-3-03-2) shown below is preferable. Specific examples include structural units represented by the aforementioned formulas (a1-3-29) to (a1-3-32). Among these, a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-3-03-1) is preferable, and a structural unit represented by the aforementioned formula (a1-3-29) or (a1-3-31) is particularly desirable. 
                         
In the formulas, R and R 14  are the same as defined above; R 20  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; a represents an integer of 1 to 10; b represents an integer of 1 to 10; and t represents an integer of 0 to 3.
 
     a is preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and most preferably 1 or 2. 
     b is preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and most preferably 1 or 2. 
     t is preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and most preferably 1 or 2. 
     In the present invention, it is particularly desirable to include at least two types of structural units as the structural unit (a1). In terms of achieving excellent lithography properties, the structural unit (a1) within the component (A1) preferably includes 2 to 4 types of structural units, more preferably 2 or 3 types of structural units. 
     In such a case, it is preferable that at least one of the at least two structural units is a structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-11), a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-12) and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-2). 
     The structural unit (a1) including at least two types of structural units may consist of structural units selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-11), a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-12) and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-2). Alternatively, the structural unit (a1) may be a combination of at least one structural unit selected from the aforementioned group and a structural unit which does not fall under the category of the aforementioned group. 
     As examples of the structural unit which can be used in combination with at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-11), a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-12) and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-2) and does not fall under the category of the aforementioned group, a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-1-10) shown below which includes the structural units represented by the aforementioned (a1-1-1), (a1-1-2), (a1-1-7) to (a1-1-15) described above as specific examples of structural units represented by general formula (a1-1), structural units represented by general formula (a1-2) and structural units represented by general formula (a1-4) can be given. 
     As a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-1-10), a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-1-101) shown below which includes the aforementioned formulas (a1-1-1) and (a1-1-2) is particularly desirable. 
                         
In the formulas, R is the same as defined above; each of R 25  and R 11  independently represents a linear alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and R 24  is the same as defined above.
 
     In the component (A1), the amount of the structural unit (a1) based on the combined total of all structural units constituting the component (A1) is preferably 10 to 80 mol %, more preferably 20 to 70 mol %, and still more preferably 25 to 50 mol %. By ensuring that the amount of the structural unit (a1) is at least as large as the lower limit of the above-mentioned range, a pattern can be easily formed using a resist composition prepared from the component (A1). On the other hand, by ensuring that the amount of the structural unit (a1) is no more than the upper limit of the above-mentioned range, a good balance can be achieved with the other structural units. 
     (Structural Unit (a2)) 
     The structural unit (a2) is a structural unit derived from an acrylate ester containing a lactone-containing cyclic group. 
     The term “lactone-containing cyclic group” refers to a cyclic group including one ring containing a —O—C(O)— structure (lactone ring). The term “lactone ring” refers to a single ring containing a —O—C(O)— structure, and this ring is counted as the first ring. A lactone-containing cyclic group in which the only ring structure is the lactone ring is referred to as a monocyclic group, and groups containing other ring structures are described as polycyclic groups regardless of the structure of the other rings. 
     When the component (A1) is used for forming a resist film, the lactone-containing cyclic group of the structural unit (a2) is effective in improving the adhesion between the resist film and the substrate, and increasing the compatibility with the developing solution containing water. 
     As the structural unit (a2), there is no particular limitation, and an arbitrary structural unit may be used. 
     Specific examples of lactone-containing monocyclic groups include a group in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from γ-butyrolactone and a group in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from mevalonic lactone. Further, specific examples of lactone-containing polycyclic groups include groups in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from a lactone ring-containing bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane or tetracycloalkane. 
     More specifically, examples of the structural unit (a2) include structural units represented by general formulas (a2-1) to (a2-5) shown below. 
                                           
In the formulas, R represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogenated lower alkyl group; each R′ independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or —COOR″, wherein R″ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 29  represents a divalent linking group; s′ represents 0 or 1; s″ represents 0 or 1; A″ represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may contain an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and m represents 0 or 1.
 
     In general formulas (a2-1) to (a2-5), R is the same as defined for R in the structural unit (a 1). 
     As examples of R′, the same groups as those described above for R 6  in general formula (3-1) can be given. In terms of industrial availability, R′ is preferably a hydrogen atom. 
     As examples of A″, the same groups as those described above for A′ in general formula (3-1) can be given. 
     As examples of R 29 , the same groups as those described above for R 2  in general formula (a0-1) can be given. As R 29 , an alkylene group is preferable, and a linear or branched alkylene group is more preferable. More specifically, the linear alkylene groups and branched alkylene groups described above for R 2  can be used, and a methylene group is particularly desirable. 
     In the formulas above, s′ may be either 0 or 1. 
     Specific examples of structural units represented by general formulas (a2-1) to (a2-5) in which s′ is 0 are shown below. In the formulas shown below, R α  represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Specific examples of structural units represented by general formulas (a2-1) to (a2-5) in which s′ is 1 include groups in which the oxygen atom (—O—) within the carbonyloxy group bonded to the carbon atom on the α position and the lactone-containing cyclic group bonded to the oxygen atom has —CH 2 —C(═O)—O— or —C(CH 3 ) 2 —C(═O)—O— interposed therebetween. 
     In the component (A1), as the structural unit (a2), one type of structural unit may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. 
     In the present invention, it is particularly desirable that the component (A1) contain, as a structural unit (a2), at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by general formula (a2-1) and a structural unit represented by general formula (a2-2). 
     In terms of improving the adhesion between a substrate and a resist film formed using a positive resist composition containing the component (A1) and increasing the compatibility with a developing solution, the amount of the structural unit (a2) within the component (A1), based on the combined total of all structural units constituting the component (A1) is preferably 1 to 50 mol %, more preferably 5 to 50 mol %, and still more preferably 10 to 45 mol %. 
     Further, in terms of achieving excellent lithography properties, the amount of the structural unit (a0) and the structural unit (a2) (the amount of the structural unit (a0) when the component (A1) contains no structural unit (a2)) within the component (A1), based on the combined total of all structural units constituting the component (A1) is preferably 5 to 70 mol %, more preferably 1 to 70 mol %, still more preferably 10 to 65 mol %, and most preferably 20 to 65 mol %. By ensuring the above-mentioned range, MEF, CDU and the pattern shape can be further improved. 
     When the component (A1) contains both of the structural unit (a0) and the structural unit (a2), the amount of the structural unit (a0) within the component (A1), based on the combined total of all structural units constituting the component (A1) is preferably 1 to 40 mol %, more preferably 10 to 35 mol %, and most preferably 15 to 30 mol %; and the amount of the structural unit (a2) within the component (A1), based on the combined total of all structural units constituting the component (A1) is preferably 1 to 45 mol %, more preferably 10 to 45 mol %, and most preferably 20 to 45 mol %. 
     (Structural Unit (a3)) 
     The structural unit (a3) is a structural unit derived from an acrylate ester containing a polar group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     When the component (A1) includes the structural unit (a3), the hydrophilicity of the component (A) is improved, and hence, the compatibility of the component (A) with the developing solution is improved. As a result, the alkali solubility of the exposed portions improves, which contributes to favorable improvements in the resolution. 
     Examples of the polar group include a hydroxyl group, cyano group, carboxyl group, or hydroxyalkyl group in which some of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group have been substituted with fluorine atoms, although a hydroxyl group is particularly desirable. 
     Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include linear or branched hydrocarbon groups (and preferably alkylene groups) of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and polycyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon groups (polycyclic groups). These polycyclic groups can be selected appropriately from the multitude of groups that have been proposed for the resins of resist compositions designed for use with ArF excimer lasers. The polycyclic group preferably has 7 to 30 carbon atoms. 
     Of the various possibilities, structural units derived from an acrylate ester that include an aliphatic polycyclic group that contains a hydroxyl group, cyano group, carboxyl group or a hydroxyalkyl group in which some of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group have been substituted with fluorine atoms are particularly desirable. Examples of polycyclic groups include groups in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane, tetracycloalkane or the like. Specific examples include groups in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane or tetracyclododecane. Of these polycyclic groups, groups in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from adamantane, norbornane or tetracyclododecane are preferred industrially. 
     When the aliphatic hydrocarbon group within the polar group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon group is a linear or branched hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the structural unit (a3) is preferably a structural unit derived from a hydroxyethyl ester of acrylic acid. On the other hand, when the hydrocarbon group is a polycyclic group, structural units represented by formulas (a3-1), (a3-2) and (a3-3) shown below are preferable. 
                         
In the formulas, R is as defined above; j is an integer of 1 to 3; k is an integer of 1 to 3; t′ is an integer of 1 to 3; 1 is an integer of 1 to 5; and s is an integer of 1 to 3.
 
     In formula (a3-1), j is preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1. When j is 2, it is preferable that the hydroxyl groups be bonded to the 3rd and 5th positions of the adamantyl group. When j is 1, it is preferable that the hydroxyl group be bonded to the 3rd position of the adamantyl group. 
     j is preferably 1, and it is particularly desirable that the hydroxyl group be bonded to the 3rd position of the adamantyl group. 
     In formula (a3-2), k is preferably 1. The cyano group is preferably bonded to the 5th or 6th position of the norbornyl group. 
     In formula (a3-3), t′ is preferably 1. l is preferably 1. s is preferably 1. Further, in formula (a3-3), it is preferable that a 2-norbornyl group or 3-norbornyl group be bonded to the terminal of the carboxy group of the acrylic acid. The fluorinated alkyl alcohol is preferably bonded to the 5th or 6th position of the norbornyl group. 
     As the structural unit (a3), one type of structural unit may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. 
     The amount of the structural unit (a3) based on the combined total of all structural units constituting the component (A1) is preferably 5 to 50 mol %, more preferably 5 to 40 mol %, and still more preferably 5 to 25 mol %. 
     (Other Structural Units) 
     The component (A1) may also have a structural unit which is other than the above-mentioned structural units (a1) to (a3), as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. 
     As such a structural unit, any other structural unit which cannot be classified as one of the above structural units (a1) to (a3) can be used without any particular limitation, and any of the multitude of conventional structural units used within resist resins for ArF excimer lasers or KrF excimer lasers (and particularly for ArF excimer lasers) can be used. 
     Preferable examples of such structural units include a structural unit derived from an acrylate ester which contains a non-acid-dissociable aliphatic polycyclic group (hereafter, referred to as “structural unit (a4)”), and a structural unit represented by general formula (a5) shown below (hereafter, referred to as “structural unit (a5)”). 
                         
In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a halogenated alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms; Y′ represents an aliphatic cyclic group; Z represents a tertiary alkyl group-containing group or an alkoxyalkyl group; n 51  represents an integer of 1 to 3, and n 52  represents an integer of 0 to 2, with the provision that n 51 +n 52 =1 to 3; and each of n 53 , n 54  and n 55  independently represents an integer of 0 to 3.
 
     Examples of polycyclic group within the structural unit (a4) include the same groups as those described above in connection with the aforementioned structural unit (a1), and any of the multitude of conventional polycyclic groups used within the resin component of resist compositions for ArF excimer lasers or KrF excimer lasers (and particularly for ArF excimer lasers) can be used. 
     In consideration of industrial availability and the like, at least one polycyclic group selected from amongst a tricyclodecanyl group, adamantyl group, tetracyclododecanyl group, isobornyl group, and norbornyl group is particularly desirable. These polycyclic groups may be substituted with a linear or branched alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms. 
     Specific examples of the structural unit (a4) include units with structures represented by general formulas (a-4-1) to (a-4-5) shown below. 
                         
In the formulas, R is the same as defined above.
 
     When the structural unit (a4) is included in the component (A1), the amount of the structural unit (a4) based on the combined total of all the structural units that constitute the component (A1) is preferably within the range from 1 to 30 mol %, and more preferably from 10 to 20 mol %. 
     The structural unit (a5) is a structural unit represented by general formula (a5). 
     In general formula (a5), R is the same as defined for the structural unit (a1). 
     As R, a hydrogen atom or a methyl group is preferable. 
     Y 1  represents an aliphatic cyclic group. 
     The term “aliphatic cyclic group” refers to a monocyclic group or polycyclic group that has no aromaticity. 
     The “aliphatic cyclic group” within the structural unit (a5) may or may not have a substituent. Examples of substituents include an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, a fluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and an oxygen atom (═O). 
     The basic ring of the “aliphatic cyclic group” exclusive of substituents (aliphatic ring) is not limited to be constituted from only carbon and hydrogen (not limited to hydrocarbon rings), and may include an oxygen atom in the ring skeleton (aliphatic cyclic ring). Further, the “hydrocarbon ring” may be either saturated or unsaturated, but is preferably saturated. 
     The aliphatic cyclic group may be either a polycyclic group or a monocyclic group. Examples of aliphatic cyclic groups include groups in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane or a polycycloalkane such as a bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane or tetracycloalkane which may or may not be substituted with a lower alkyl group, a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group. Specific examples include groups in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane; and groups in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane or tetracyclododecane. 
     Other examples of the aliphatic cyclic group include groups in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from tetrahydrofuran or tetrahydropyran which may or may not be substituted with a lower alkyl group, a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group. 
     The aliphatic cyclic group within the structural unit (a5) is preferably a polycyclic group, and a group in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from adamantane is particularly desirable. 
     In general formula (a5), Z represents a tertiary alkyl group-containing group or an alkoxyalkyl group. 
     (Tertiary Alkyl Group-Containing Group) 
     The term “tertiary alkyl group” refers to an alkyl group having a tertiary carbon atom. As mentioned above, the term “alkyl group” refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, and includes chain-like (linear or branched) alkyl groups and cyclic alkyl groups. 
     The term “tertiary alkyl group-containing group” refers to a group which includes a tertiary alkyl group in the structure thereof. The tertiary alkyl group-containing group may be either constituted of only a tertiary alkyl group, or constituted of a tertiary alkyl group and an atom or group other than a tertiary alkyl group. 
     Examples of the “atom or group other than a tertiary alkyl group” which constitutes the tertiary alkyl group-containing group with a tertiary alkyl group include a carbonyloxy group, a carbonyl group, an alkylene group and an oxygen atom (—O—). 
     Examples of the tertiary alkyl group-containing group for Z include a tertiary alkyl group-containing group which does not have a ring structure, and a tertiary alkyl group-containing group which has a ring structure. 
     A tertiary alkyl group-containing group which does not have a ring structure is a group which has a branched tertiary alkyl group as the tertiary alkyl group, and has no ring in the structure thereof. 
     As an example of the branched tertiary alkyl group, a group represented by general formula (I) shown below may be given. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In formula (I), each of R 50  to R 52  independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group. The number of carbon atoms within the alkyl group is preferably from 1 to 5, and more preferably from 1 to 3. 
     Further, in the group represented by general formula (I), the total number of carbon atoms is preferably from 4 to 7, more preferably from 4 to 6, and most preferably 4 or 5. 
     Preferable examples of groups represented by general formula (I) include a tert-butyl group and a tert-pentyl group, and a tert-butyl group is more preferable. 
     Examples of tertiary alkyl group-containing groups which do not have a ring structure include the aforementioned branched tertiary alkyl group; a tertiary alkyl group-containing, chain-like alkyl group in which the aforementioned branched tertiary alkyl group is bonded to a linear or branched alkylene group; a tertiary alkyloxycarbonyl group which has the aforementioned branched tertiary alkyl group as the tertiary alkyl group; and a tertiary alkyloxycarbonylalkyl group which has the aforementioned branched tertiary alkyl group as the tertiary alkyl group. 
     As the alkylene group within the tertiary alkyl group-containing, chain-like alkyl group, an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable, an alkylene group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkylene group of 1 or 2 carbon atoms is the most preferable. 
     As an example of a chain-like tertiary alkyloxycarbonyl group, a group represented by general formula (II) shown below can be given. In general formula (II), R 50  to R 52  are the same as defined for R 50  to R 52  in general formula (I) above. As the chain-like tertiary alkyloxycarbonyl group, a tert-butyloxycarbonyl group (t-boc) and a tert-pentyloxycarbonyl group are preferable. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     As an example of a chain-like tertiary alkyloxycarbonylalkyl group, a group represented by general formula (III) shown below can be given. In general formula (III), R 50  to R 52  are the same as defined for R 50  to R 52  in general formula (I) above. f represents an integer of 1 to 3, and is preferably 1 or 2. As the chain-like tertiary alkyloxycarbonylalkyl group, a tert-butyloxycarbonylmethyl group and a tert-butyloxycarbonylethyl group are preferable. 
     Among these, as the tertiary alkyl group-containing groups which do not have a ring structure, a tertiary alkyloxycarbonyl group or a tertiary alkyloxycarbonylalkyl group is preferable, a tertiary alkyloxycarbonyl group is more preferable, and a tert-butyloxycarbonyl group (t-boc) is the most preferable. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A tertiary alkyl group-containing group which has a ring structure is a group which contains a tertiary carbon atom and a ring in the structure thereof. 
     In the tertiary alkyl group-containing group which has a ring structure, the ring structure preferably has 4 to 12 carbon atoms constituting the ring, more preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and most preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms. As the ring structure, for example, groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane or a polycycloalkane such as a bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane or tetracycloalkane may be used. Preferable examples include groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane; and groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane or tetracyclododecane. 
     As the tertiary alkyl group-containing group which has a ring structure, for example, a group having the following group [1] or [2] as the tertiary alkyl group can be used. 
     A group in which a linear or branched alkyl group is bonded to a carbon atom which constitutes the ring of a cyclic alkyl group (cycloalkyl group), so that the carbon atom becomes a tertiary carbon atom. 
     A group in which an alkylene group (branched alkylene group) having a tertiary carbon atom is bonded to a carbon atom constituting the ring of a cycloalkyl group. 
     In the aforementioned group [1], the linear or branched alkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. 
     Examples of the group [1] include a 2-methyl-2-adamantyl group, a 2-ethyl-2-adamantyl group, a 1-methyl-1-cycloalkyl group and a 1-ethyl-1-cycloalkyl group. 
     In the aforementioned group [2], the cycloalkyl group having a branched alkylene group bonded thereto may have a substituent. Examples of substituents include a fluorine atom, a fluorinated lower alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and an oxygen atom (═O). 
     As an example of the group [2], a group represented by general formula (IV) shown below may be given. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In general formula (IV), R 53  represents a cycloalkyl group which may or may not have a substituent. Examples of the substituent which the cycloalkyl group may have include a fluorine atom, a fluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and an oxygen atom (═O). 
     Each of R 54  and R 55  independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group. As the alkyl group, the same alkyl groups as those for R 50  to R 52  in general formula (I) above may be used. 
     (Alkoxyalkyl Group) 
     As an example of the alkoxyalkyl group for Z, a group represented by general formula (V) shown below may be given. 
     [Chemical Formula 43]
 
—R 57 —O—R 56   (V)
 
     In formula (V), R 56  represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group. 
     When R 56  represents a linear or branched alkyl group, it is preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably an ethyl group or a methyl group, and an ethyl group is particularly desirable. 
     When R 56  represents a cyclic alkyl group, it preferably has 4 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and most preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms. As examples of the cyclic alkyl group, groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane or a polycycloalkane such as a bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane or tetracycloalkane, and which may or may not be substituted with a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group, may be given. Specific examples include groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane; and groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane or tetracyclododecane. Of these, a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from adamantane is preferable. 
     R 57  represents a linear or branched alkylene group. The alkylene group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms. 
     As the alkoxyalkyl group for Z, a group represented by general formula (VI) shown below is particularly desirable. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In general formula (VI), R 56  is the same as defined above, and each of R 58  and R 59  independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. 
     With respect to R 58  and R 59 , the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and may be either linear or branched. The alkyl group for R 58  and R 59  is preferably an ethyl group or a methyl group, and is most preferably a methyl group. It is particularly desirable that either one of R 58  and R 59  be a hydrogen atom, and the other be a methyl group. 
     Among the above-mentioned examples, as Z, a tertiary alkyl group-containing group is preferable, a group represented by general formula (II) above is more preferable, and a tert-butyloxycarbonyl group (t-boc) is the most preferable. 
     In general formula (a5), n 51  represents an integer of 1 to 3, and n 52  represents an integer of 0 to 2, with the provision that n 51 +n 52 =1 to 3. 
     n 51  is preferably 1. 
     n 52  is preferably 0. 
     n 51 +n 52  is preferably 1. 
     n 53  represents an integer of 0 to 3, preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     n 54  represents an integer of 0 to 3, preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     n 55  represents an integer of 0 to 3, preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     When n 52  represents an integer of 1 or more, the structural unit (a5) falls under the definition of the structural unit (a3). However, such a structural unit is regarded as a structural unit (a5), but not the structural unit (a3). 
     Further, when Z represents a group which exhibits acid dissociability, the structural unit (a5) falls under the definition of the structural unit (a1). However, such a structural unit is regarded as a structural unit (a5), but not the structural unit (a1). 
     As the structural unit (a5), a structural unit represented by general formula (a5-1) or (a5-2) shown below is preferable, and a structural unit represented by general formula (a5-1) is particularly desirable. 
                         
In the formula, R, Z, n 52  to n 55  are the same as defined above.
 
                         
In the formula, R, Z, n 51  to n 55  are the same as defined above, and n 56  represents an integer of 1 to 3.
 
     In general formula (a5-2), n 56  represents an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1. 
     In general formula (a5-2), when n 53  represents 0, the terminal oxygen atom of the carbonyloxy group (—C(═O)—O—) within the acrylate ester is preferably not bonded to a carbon atom bonded to the oxygen atom within the cyclic group. When n 53  represents 0, it is particularly desirable that 2 or more carbon atoms are present between the terminal oxygen atom and the oxygen atom within the cyclic group (excluding the case where the number of such carbon atom is one (i.e., the case where an acetal bond is formed)). 
     A monomer for deriving the structural unit (a5) can be synthesized, for example, by protecting part or all of the hydroxyl groups within a compound represented by general formula (a5-0) shown below (namely, an acrylate ester containing an aliphatic cyclic group having 1 to 3 alcoholic hydroxyl groups) with tertiary alkyl group-containing groups or alkoxyalkyl groups by a conventional method. 
                         
In the formula, R, Y′, and n 51  to n 55  are the same as defined above.
 
     The amount of the structural unit (a5) within the component (A1) based on the combined total of all structural units constituting the component (A1) is preferably 1 to 50 mol %, and more preferably 5 to 40 mol %. By ensuring that the amount of the structural unit (a5) is at least as large as the lower limit of the above-mentioned range, the solubility of the component (A) in an organic solvent is improved. On the other hand, by ensuring that the amount of the structural unit (a5) is no more than the upper limit of the above-mentioned range, a good balance can be achieved with the other structural units. 
     The component (A1) is preferably a copolymer containing the structural units (a0) and (a1). Examples of such copolymers include a copolymer consisting of the structural units (a0) and (a1), a copolymer consisting of the structural units (a0), (a1) and (a3), a copolymer consisting of the structural units (a0), (a1) and (a2), a copolymer consisting of the structural units (a0), (a1), (a2) and (a3), and a copolymer consisting of the structural units (a0), (a1), (a3) and (a5). 
     In the present invention, it is particularly desirable that such a copolymer contains, as the structural unit (a1), at least one member selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-11), a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-12), and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-2). 
     Further, as described above, such a copolymer preferably contains at least two types of structural units as the structural unit (a1), and it is particularly desirable that at least one of the at least two structural units is selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-11), a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-12), and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-2). 
     The weight average molecular weight (Mw) (the polystyrene equivalent value determined by gel permeation chromatography) of the component (A1) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2,000 to 50,000, more preferably 3,000 to 30,000, and most preferably 5,000 to 20,000. By ensuring that the weight average molecular weight is no more than the upper limit of the above-mentioned range, the polymeric compound (A1) exhibits satisfactory solubility in a resist solvent when used as a resist. On the other hand, by ensuring that the weight average molecular weight is at least as large as the lower limit of the above-mentioned range, dry etching resistance and cross-sectional shape of the resist pattern becomes satisfactory. 
     Further, the dispersity (Mw/Mn) is preferably 1.0 to 5.0, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0, and most preferably 1.2 to 2.5. Here, Mn is the number average molecular weight. 
     In the component (A), as the component (A1), one type may be used, or two or more types of compounds may be used in combination. 
     By using two or more types, the polymer can be readily synthesized, and excellent lithography properties can be obtained. In such a case, the two or more components (A1) preferably have different structural units (a1). 
     Further, it is preferable that at least one of the two or more components (A1) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-11), a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-12), and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-2). 
     The structural units (a1) which are individually included in the two or more components (A1) may consist of structural units selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-11), a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-12) and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-2). Alternatively, the structural unit (a1) may be a combination of at least one structural unit selected from the aforementioned group and a structural unit which does not fall under the category of the aforementioned group. 
     Among these, a combination of a monocyclic group and a polycyclic group is preferable, e.g., a combination of a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-11) and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-12), a combination of a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-0-11) and a structural unit represented by general formula (a1-1-10) (which includes the aforementioned formulas (a1-1-1), (a1-1-2) and (a1-1-7) to (a1-1-15)). 
     In the component (A), the amount of the component (A1) based on the total weight of the component (A) is preferably 25% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more, still more preferably 75% by weight or more, and may be even 100% by weight. When the amount of the component (A 1) is 25% by weight or more, various lithography properties are improved. 
     The component (A1) can be obtained, for example, by a conventional radical polymerization or the like of the monomers corresponding with each of the structural units, using a radical polymerization initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). 
     Furthermore, in the component (A1), by using a chain transfer agent such as HS—CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —C(CF 3 ) 2 —OH, a —C(CF 3 ) 2 —OH group can be introduced at the terminals of the component (A1). Such a copolymer having introduced a hydroxyalkyl group in which some of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms is effective in reducing developing defects and LER (line edge roughness: unevenness of the side walls of a line pattern). 
     As the monomers for deriving the corresponding structural units, commercially available monomers may be used, or the monomers may be synthesized by a conventional method. 
     For example, as a monomer for deriving the structural unit (a0), a compound (I) represented by general formula (I) shown below can be used. 
                         
In formula (I), R 1  to R 3  are the same as defined above.
 
     The method for producing the compound (I) is not particularly limited, and the compound (I) can be produced by a conventional method. 
     For example, in the presence of a base, a compound (X-2) represented by general formula (X-2) shown below is added to a solution obtained by dissolving a compound (X-1) represented by general formula (X-1) shown below in a reaction solvent, and a reaction is effected to thereby obtain a compound (I). 
     Examples of the base include inorganic bases such as sodium hydride, K 2 CO 3  and Cs 2 CO 3 ; and organic bases such as triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and pyridine. Examples of condensing agents include carbodiimide reagents such as ethyldiisopropylaminocarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), dicyclohexylcarboxylmide (DCC), diisopropylcarbodiimide and carbodiimidazole; tetraethyl pyrophosphate; and benzotriazole-N-hydroxytrisdimethylaminophosphonium hexafluorophosphide (Bop reagent). 
     If desired, an acid may be used. As the acid, any acid generally used for dehydration/condensation may be used. Specific examples include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid; and organic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid. These acids can be used individually, or in a combination of two or more. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the resist composition of the present invention, the component (A) may contain “a base component which exhibits increased solubility in an alkali developing solution under action of acid” other than the component (A1) (hereafter, referred to as “component (A2)”). 
     The component (A2) is not particularly limited, and any of the multitude of conventional base components used within chemically amplified resist compositions (e.g., base resins used within chemically amplified resist compositions for ArF excimer lasers or KrF excimer lasers, preferably ArF excimer lasers) can be used. For example, as a base resin for ArF excimer laser, a base resin having the aforementioned structural unit (a1) as an essential component, and optionally the aforementioned structural units (a2) to (a4) can be used. 
     As the component (A2), one type of resin may be used, or two or more types of resins may be used in combination. 
     In the resist composition of the present invention, the amount of the component (A) can be appropriately adjusted depending on the thickness of the resist film to be formed, and the like. 
     &lt;Component (B)&gt; 
     As the component (B), there is no particular limitation, and any of the known acid generators used in conventional chemically amplified resist compositions can be used. Examples of these acid generators are numerous, and include onium salt acid generators such as iodonium salts and sulfonium salts; oxime sulfonate acid generators; diazomethane acid generators such as bisalkyl or bisaryl sulfonyl diazomethanes and poly(bis-sulfonyl)diazomethanes; nitrobenzylsulfonate acid generators; iminosulfonate acid generators; and disulfone acid generators. 
     As an onium salt acid generator, a compound represented by general formula (b-1) or (b-2) shown below can be used. 
                         
In the formulas above, R 1 ″ to R 3 ″, R 5 ″ and R 6 ″ each independently represent an aryl group or alkyl group, wherein two of R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ may be bonded to each other to form a ring with the sulfur atom; and R 4 ″ represents an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group or an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, with the provision that at least one of R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ represents an aryl group, and at least one of R 5 ″ and R 6 ″ represents an aryl group.
 
     In formula (b-1), R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ each independently represents an aryl group or an alkyl group. In formula (b-1), two of R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ may be bonded to each other to form a ring with the sulfur atom. 
     Further, among R 1 ″ to R 3 ″, at least one group represents an aryl group. Among R 1 ″ to R 3 ″, two or more groups are preferably aryl groups, and it is particularly desirable that all of R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ are aryl groups. 
     The aryl group for R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ is not particularly limited. For example, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms may be used in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the aryl group may or may not be substituted with alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, halogen atoms or hydroxyl groups. 
     The aryl group is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms because it can be synthesized at a low cost. Specific examples thereof include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group. 
     The alkyl group, with which hydrogen atoms of the aryl group may be substituted, is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and most preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, or a tert-butyl group. 
     The alkoxy group, with which hydrogen atoms of the aryl group may be substituted, is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an iso-propoxy group, an n-butoxy group or a tert-butoxy group, and most preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group. 
     The halogen atom, with which hydrogen atoms of the aryl group may be substituted, is preferably a fluorine atom. 
     The alkyl group for R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ is not particularly limited and includes, for example, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In terms of achieving excellent resolution, the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, an n-pentyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a nonyl group, and a decanyl group, and a methyl group is most preferable because it is excellent in resolution and can be synthesized at a low cost. 
     When two of R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ in formula (b-1) are bonded to each other to form a ring with the sulfur atom, it is preferable that the two of R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ form a 3 to 10-membered ring including the sulfur atom, and it is particularly desirable that the two of R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ form a 5 to 7-membered ring including the sulfur atom. 
     When two of R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ in formula (b-1) are bonded to each other to form a ring with the sulfur atom, the remaining one of R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ is preferably an aryl group. As examples of the aryl group, the same as the above-mentioned aryl groups for R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ can be given. 
     As preferable examples of the cation moiety for the compound represented by general formula (b-1), those represented by formulas (I-1-1) to (I-1-10) shown below can be given. Among these, a cation moiety having a triphenylmethane skeleton, such as a cation moiety represented by any one of formulas (I-1-1) to (I-1-8) shown below is particularly desirable. 
     In formulas (I-1-9) and (I-1-10), each of R 9  and R 10  independently represents a phenyl group or naphthyl group which may have a substituent, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a hydroxy group. 
     u is an integer of 1 to 3, and most preferably 1 or 2. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R 4 ″ represents an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group or an alkenyl group which may have a substituent. 
     The alkyl group for R 4 ″ may be any of linear, branched or cyclic. 
     The linear or branched alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 
     The cyclic alkyl group preferably has 4 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and most preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms. 
     As an example of the halogenated alkyl group for R 4 ″, a group in which part of or all of the hydrogen atoms of the aforementioned linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group have been substituted with halogen atoms can be given. Examples of the aforementioned halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable. 
     In the halogenated alkyl group, the percentage of the number of halogen atoms based on the total number of halogen atoms and hydrogen atoms (halogenation ratio (%)) is preferably 10 to 100%, more preferably 50 to 100%, and most preferably 100%. Higher halogenation ratio is preferable because the acid strength increases. 
     The aryl group for R 4 ″ is preferably an aryl group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms. 
     The alkenyl group for R 4 ″ is preferably an alkenyl group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms. 
     With respect to R 4 ″, the expression “may have a substituent” means that part of or all of the hydrogen atoms within the aforementioned linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, halogenated alkyl group, aryl group or alkenyl group may be substituted with substituents (atoms other than hydrogen atoms, or groups). 
     R 4 ″ may have one substituent, or two or more substituents. 
     Examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, a hetero atom, an alkyl group, and a group represented by the formula X-Q 1 - (in the formula, Q 1  represents a divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom; and X represents a hydrocarbon group of 3 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent). 
     Examples of halogen atoms and alkyl groups as substituents for R 4 ″ include the same halogen atoms and alkyl groups as those described above with respect to the halogenated alkyl group for R 4 ″. 
     Examples of hetero atoms include an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom. 
     In the group represented by formula X-Q 1 -, Q 1  represents a divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom. 
     Q 1  may contain an atom other than an oxygen atom. Examples of atoms other than an oxygen atom include a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom. 
     Examples of divalent linking groups containing an oxygen atom include non-hydrocarbon, oxygen atom-containing linking groups such as an oxygen atom (an ether bond; —O—), an ester bond (—C(═O)—O—), an amido bond (—C(═O)—NH—), a carbonyl group (—C(═O)—) and a carbonate group (—O—C(═O)—O—); and combinations of the aforementioned non-hydrocarbon, hetero atom-containing linking groups with an alkylene group. 
     Specific examples of the combinations of the aforementioned non-hydrocarbon, hetero atom-containing linking groups and an alkylene group include —R 91 —O—, —R 92 —O—C(═O)—, —C(═O)—O—R 93 —O—C(═O)— (in the formulas, each of R 91  to R 93  independently represents an alkylene group). 
     The alkylene group for R 91  to R 93  is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group, and preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 5, and most preferably 1 to 3. 
     Specific examples of alkylene groups include a methylene group [—CH 2 —]; alkylmethylene groups such as —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH(CH 2 CH 3 )—, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 )—, —C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 )— and —C(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 —; an ethylene group [—CH 2 CH 2 —]; alkylethylene groups such as —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 )—, —C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 — and —CH(CH 2 CH 3 )CH 2 —, and —CH(CH 2 CH 3 )CH 2 —; a trimethylene group (n-propylene group) [—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —]; alkyltrimethylene groups such as —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 — and —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —; a tetramethylene group [—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —]; alkyltetramethylene groups such as —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 — and —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 —; and a pentamethylene group [—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —]. 
     Q 1  is preferably a divalent linking group containing an ester linkage or ether linkage, and more preferably a group of —R 91 —O—, —R 92 —O—C(═O)— or —C(═O)—O—R 93 —O—C(═O)—. 
     In the group represented by the formula X-Q 1 -, the hydrocarbon group for X may be either an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     The aromatic hydrocarbon group is a hydrocarbon group having an aromatic ring. The aromatic hydrocarbon ring preferably has 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 30, still more preferably 5 to 20, still more preferably 6 to 15, and most preferably 6 to 12. Here, the number of carbon atoms within a substituent(s) is not included in the number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group. 
     Specific examples of aromatic hydrocarbon groups include an aryl group which is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring having one hydrogen atom removed therefrom, such as a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group or a phenanthryl group; and an alkylaryl group such as a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a 1-naphthylmethyl group, a 2-naphthylmethyl group, a 1-naphthylethyl group, or a 2-naphthylethyl group. The alkyl chain within the arylalkyl group preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atom, more preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 1. 
     The aromatic hydrocarbon group may have a substituent. For example, part of the carbon atoms constituting the aromatic ring within the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a hetero atom, or a hydrogen atom bonded to the aromatic ring within the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a substituent. 
     In the former example, a heteroaryl group in which part of the carbon atoms constituting the ring within the aforementioned aryl group has been substituted with a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom, and a heteroarylalkyl group in which part of the carbon atoms constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon ring within the aforementioned arylalkyl group has been substituted with the aforementioned heteroatom can be used. 
     In the latter example, as the substituent for the aromatic hydrocarbon group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an oxygen atom (═O) or the like can be used. 
     The alkyl group as the substituent for the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group or a tert-butyl group is particularly desirable. 
     The alkoxy group as the substituent for the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, iso-propoxy group, n-butoxy group or tert-butoxy group, and most preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group. 
     Examples of the halogen atom as the substituent for the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable. 
     Example of the halogenated alkyl group as the substituent for the aromatic hydrocarbon group includes a group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms within the aforementioned alkyl group have been substituted with the aforementioned halogen atoms. 
     The aliphatic hydrocarbon group for X may be either a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Further, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be linear, branched or cyclic. 
     In the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for X, a part of the carbon atoms constituting the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a substituent group containing a hetero atom, or a part or all of the hydrogen atoms constituting the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a substituent group containing a hetero atom. 
     As the “hetero atom” for X, there is no particular limitation as long as it is an atom other than a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom. Examples of hetero atoms include a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom. Examples of halogen atoms include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an iodine atom and a bromine atom. 
     The substituent group containing a hetero atom may consist of a hetero atom, or may be a group containing a group or atom other than a hetero atom. 
     Specific examples of the substituent group for substituting part of the carbon atoms include —O—, —C(═O)—O—, —C(═O)—, —O—C(═O)—O—, —C(═O)—NH—, —NH— (the H may be replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group or an acyl group), —S—, —S(═O) 2 — and —S(═O) 2 —O—. When the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is cyclic, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may contain any of these substituent groups in the ring structure. 
     Examples of the substituent group for substituting part or all of the hydrogen atoms include an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an oxygen atom (═O) and a cyano group. 
     The aforementioned alkoxy group is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, iso-propoxy group, n-butoxy group or tert-butoxy group, and most preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group. 
     Examples of the aforementioned halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable. 
     Example of the aforementioned halogenated alkyl group includes a group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms within an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group or a tert-butyl group) have been substituted with the aforementioned halogen atoms. 
     As the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group, a linear or branched monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group (aliphatic cyclic group) is preferable. 
     The linear saturated hydrocarbon group (alkyl group) preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 15, and most preferably 1 to 10. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decanyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl group, a tridecyl group, an isotridecyl group, a tetradecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, an isohexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group, an octadecyl group, a nonadecyl group, an icosyl group, a henicosyl group and a docosyl group. 
     The branched saturated hydrocarbon group (alkyl group) preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15, and most preferably 3 to 10. Specific examples include a 1-methylethyl group, a 1-methylpropyl group, a 2-methylpropyl group, a 1-methylbutyl group, a 2-methylbutyl group, a 3-methylbutyl group, a 1-ethylbutyl group, a 2-ethylbutyl group, a 1-methylpentyl group, a 2-methylpentyl group, a 3-methylpentyl group and a 4-methylpentyl group. 
     The unsaturated hydrocarbon group preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 5, still more preferably 2 to 4, and most preferably 3. Examples of linear monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbon groups include a vinyl group, a propenyl group (an allyl group) and a butynyl group. Examples of branched monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbon groups include a 1-methylpropenyl group and a 2-methylpropenyl group. 
     Among the above-mentioned examples, as the unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a propenyl group is particularly desirable. 
     The aliphatic cyclic group may be either a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. The aliphatic cyclic group preferably has 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 30, still more preferably 5 to 20, still more preferably 6 to 15, and most preferably 6 to 12. 
     As the aliphatic cyclic group, a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane or a polycycloalkane such as a bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane or tetracycloalkane can be used. Specific examples include groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane such as cyclopentane or cyclohexane; and groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane or tetracyclododecane. 
     When the aliphatic cyclic group does not contain a hetero atom-containing substituent group in the ring structure thereof, the aliphatic cyclic group is preferably a polycyclic group, more preferably a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane, and a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from adamantane is particularly desirable. 
     When the aliphatic cyclic group contains a hetero atom-containing substituent group in the ring structure thereof, the hetero atom-containing substituent group is preferably —O—, —C(═O)—O—, —S—, —S(═O) 2 — or —S(═O) 2 —O—. Specific examples of such aliphatic cyclic groups include groups represented by formulas (L1) to (L5) and (S1) to (S4) shown below. 
                                           
In the formula, Q″ represents an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, —O—, —S—, —O—R 94 — or —S—R 95 — (wherein each of R 94  and R 95  independently represents an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms); and m represents 0 or 1.
 
     As the alkylene group for Q″, R 94  and R 95 , the same alkylene groups as those described above for R 91  to R 93  can be used. 
     In these aliphatic cyclic groups, part of the hydrogen atoms boned to the carbon atoms constituting the ring structure may be substituted with a substituent. Examples of substituents include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group and an oxygen atom (═O). 
     As the alkyl group, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group or a tert-butyl group is particularly desirable. 
     As the alkoxy group and the halogen atom, the same groups as the substituent groups for substituting part or all of the hydrogen atoms can be used. 
     In the present invention, as X, a cyclic group which may have a substituent is preferable. The cyclic group may be either an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic cyclic group which may have a substituent, and an aliphatic cyclic group which may have a substituent is preferable. 
     As the aromatic hydrocarbon group, a naphthyl group which may have a substituent, or a phenyl group which may have a substituent is preferable. 
     As the aliphatic cyclic group which may have a substituent, an aliphatic polycyclic group which may have a substituent is preferable. As the aliphatic polycyclic group, the aforementioned group in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane, and groups represented by formulas (L2) to (L5), (S3) and (S4) are preferable. 
     In the present invention, R 4 ″ preferably has X-Q 1 - as a substituent. In such a case, R 4 ″ is preferably a group represented by the formula X-Q 1 -Y 1 — (in the formula, Q 1  and X are the same as defined above; and Y 1  represents an alkylene group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or a fluorinated alkylene group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a substituent). 
     In the group represented by the formula X-Q 1 -Y 1 —, as the alkylene group for Y 1 , the same alkylene group as those described above for Q 1  in which the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 4 can be used. 
     As the fluorinated alkylene group, the aforementioned alkylene group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms has been substituted with fluorine atoms can be used, 
     Specific examples of Y 1  include —CF 2 —, —CF 2 CF 2 —, —CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 —, —CF(CF 3 )CF 2 —, —CF(CF 2 CF 3 )—, —C(CF 3 ) 2 —, —CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 —, —CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 2 —, —CF 2 CF(CF 3 )CF 2 —, —CF(CF 3 )CF(CF 3 )—, —C(CF 3 ) 2 CF 2 —, —CF(CF 2 CF 3 )CF 2 —, —CF(CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 )—, —C(CF 3 )(CF 2 CF 3 )—; —CHF—, —CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 —, —CH(CF 3 )CH 2 —, —CH(CF 2 CF 3 )—, —C(CH 3 )(CF 3 )—, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 —, —CH(CF 3 )CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH(CF 3 )CH 2 —, —CH(CF 3 )CH(CF 3 )—, —C(CF 3 ) 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —, —CH(CH 2 CH 3 )—, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 )—, —C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 —, —CH(CH 2 CH 3 )CH 2 —, —CH(CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 )—, and —C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 )—. 
     Y 1  is preferably a fluorinated alkylene group, and particularly preferably a fluorinated alkylene group in which the carbon atom bonded to the adjacent sulfur atom is fluorinated. Examples of such fluorinated alkylene groups include —CF 2 —, —CF 2 CF 2 —, —CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 —, —CF(CF 3 )CF 2 —, —CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 —, —CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 2 —, —CF 2 CF(CF 3 )CF 2 —, —CF(CF 3 )CF(CF 3 )—, —C(CF 3 ) 2 CF 2 —, —CF(CF 2 CF 3 )CF 2 —; —CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 —, and —CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 —. 
     Of these, —CF 2 —, —CF 2 CF 2 —, —CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 — or CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 — is preferable, —CF 2 —, —CF 2 CF 2 — or —CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 — is more preferable, and —CF 2 — is particularly desirable. 
     The alkylene group or fluorinated alkylene group may have a substituent. The alkylene group or fluorinated alkylene group “has a substituent” means that part or all of the hydrogen atoms or fluorine atoms in the alkylene group or fluorinated alkylene group has been substituted with groups other than hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms. 
     Examples of substituents which the alkylene group or fluorinated alkylene group may have include an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a hydroxyl group. 
     In formula (b-2), R 5 ″ and R 6 ″ each independently represent an aryl group or alkyl group. At least one of R 5 ″ and R 6 ″ represents an aryl group. It is preferable that both of R 5 ″ and R 6 ″ represent an aryl group. 
     As the aryl group for R 5 ″ and R 6 ″, the same as the aryl groups for R 1 ″ to R 3 ″ can be used. 
     As the alkyl group for R 5 ″ and R 6 ″, the same as the alkyl groups for R″ to R 3 ″ can be used. 
     It is particularly desirable that both of R 5 ″ and R 6 ″ represents a phenyl group. 
     As R 4 ″ in formula (b-2), the same groups as those mentioned above for R 4 ″ in formula (b-1) can be used. 
     Specific examples of suitable onium salt acid generators represented by formula (b-1) or (b-2) include diphenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; triphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; tri(4-methylphenyl)sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; dimethyl(4-hydroxynaphthyl)sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; monophenyldimethylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; diphenylmonomethylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; (4-methylphenyl)diphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; (4-methoxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; tri(4-tert-butyl)phenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; diphenyl(1-(4-methoxy)naphthyl)sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; di(1-naphthyl)phenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; 1-phenyltetrahydrothiophenium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; 1-(4-methylphenyl)tetrahydrothiophenium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)tetrahydrothiophenium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; 1-(4-methoxynaphthalene-1-yl)tetrahydrothiophenium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; 1-(4-ethoxynaphthalene-1-yl)tetrahydrothiophenium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; 1-(4-n-butoxynaphthalene-1-yl)tetrahydrothiophenium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; 1-phenyltetrahydrothiopyranium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)tetrahydrothiopyranium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)tetrahydrothiopyranium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate; and 1-(4-methylphenyl)tetrahydrothiopyranium trifluoromethanesulfonate, heptafluoropropanesulfonate or nonafluorobutanesulfonate. 
     It is also possible to use onium salts in which the anion moiety of these onium salts are replaced by an alkylsulfonate such as methanesulfonate, n-propanesulfonate, n-butanesulfonate, or n-octanesulfonate. 
     Furthermore, onium salts in which the anion moiety of these onium salts are replaced by an anion moiety represented by any one of formulas (b1) to (b8) shown below can be used. 
                         
In the formulas, p represents an integer of 1 to 3; each of q1 and q2 independently represents an integer of 1 to 5; q3 represents an integer of 1 to 12; t3 represents an integer of 1 to 3; each of r1 and r2 independently represents an integer of 0 to 3; g represents an integer of 1 to 20; R 7  represents a substituent; each of n1 to n5 independently represents 0 or 1; each of v1 to v5 independently represents an integer of 0 to 3; each of w1 to w5 independently represents an integer of 0 to 3; and Q″ is the same as defined above.
 
     As the substituent for R 7 , the same groups as those which the aforementioned aliphatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic hydrocarbon group for X may have as a substituent can be used. 
     If there are two or more of the R 7  group, as indicated by the values r1 and w1 to w5, then the two or more of the R 7  groups may be the same or different from each other. 
     Further, onium salt-based acid generators in which the anion moiety in general formula (b-1) or (b-2) is replaced by an anion moiety represented by general formula (b-3) or (b-4) shown below (the cation moiety is the same as (b-1) or (b-2)) may be used. 
                         
In formulas (b-3) and (b-4) above, X″ represents an alkylene group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom has been substituted with a fluorine atom; and each of Y″ and Z″ independently represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom has been substituted with a fluorine atom.
 
     X″ represents a linear or branched alkylene group in which at least one hydrogen atom has been substituted with a fluorine atom, and the alkylene group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and most preferably 3 carbon atoms. 
     Each of Y″ and Z″ independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom has been substituted with a fluorine atom, and the alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. 
     The smaller the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group for X″ or those of the alkyl group for Y″ and Z″ within the above-mentioned range of the number of carbon atoms, the more the solubility in a resist solvent is improved. 
     Further, in the alkylene group for X″ or the alkyl group for Y″ and Z″, it is preferable that the number of hydrogen atoms substituted with fluorine atoms is as large as possible because the acid strength increases and the transparency to high energy radiation of 200 nm or less or electron beam is improved. The fluorination ratio of the alkylene group or alkyl group is preferably from 70 to 100%, more preferably from 90 to 100%, and it is particularly desirable that the alkylene group or alkyl group be a perfluoroalkylene group or perfluoroalkyl group in which all hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms. 
     Furthermore, as an onium salt-based acid generator, a sulfonium salt having a cation moiety represented by general formula (b-5) or (b-6) shown below may be used. 
                         
In formulas (b-5) and (b-6) above, each of R 41  to R 46  independently represents an alkyl group, an acetyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxy group, a hydroxyl group or a hydroxyalkyl group; each of n 1  to n 5  independently represents an integer of 0 to 3; and n 6  represents an integer of 0 to 2.
 
     With respect to R 41  to R 46 , the alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group, and most preferably a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group or tert butyl group. 
     The alkoxy group is preferably an alkoxy group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched alkoxy group, and most preferably a methoxy group or ethoxy group. 
     The hydroxyalkyl group is preferably the aforementioned alkyl group in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been substituted with hydroxy groups, and examples thereof include a hydroxymethyl group, a hydroxyethyl group and a hydroxypropyl group. 
     If there are two or more of an individual R 41  to R 46  group, as indicated by the corresponding value of n 1  to n 6 , then the two or more of the individual R 41  to R 46  group may be the same or different from each other. 
     n 1  is preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and still more preferably 0. 
     It is preferable that n 2  and n 3  each independently represent 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     n 4  is preferably 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 1. 
     n 5  is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     n 6  is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 1. 
     The anion moiety of the sulfonium salt having a cation moiety represented by general formula (b-5) or (b-6) is not particularly limited, and the same anion moieties for onium salt-based acid generators which have been proposed may be used. Examples of such anion moieties include fluorinated alkylsulfonic acid ions such as anion moieties (R 4 ″SO 3   − ) for onium salt-based acid generators represented by general formula (b-1) or (b-2) shown above; and anion moieties represented by general formula (b-3) or (b-4) shown above. 
     In the present description, an oximesulfonate-based acid generator is a compound having at least one group represented by general formula (B-1) shown below, and has a feature of generating acid by irradiation. Such oximesulfonate acid generators are widely used for a chemically amplified resist composition, and can be appropriately selected. 
                         
In the formula, each of R 31  and R 32  independently represents an organic group.
 
     The organic group for R 31  and R 32  refers to a group containing a carbon atom, and may include atoms other than carbon atoms (e.g., a hydrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a halogen atom (such as a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom) and the like). 
     As the organic group for R 31 , a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group or aryl group is preferable. The alkyl group or the aryl group may have a substituent. The substituent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a fluorine atom and a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The alkyl group or the aryl group “has a substituent” means that part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group or the aryl group is substituted with a substituent. 
     The alkyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. As the alkyl group, a partially or completely halogenated alkyl group (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a “halogenated alkyl group”) is particularly desirable. The “partially halogenated alkyl group” refers to an alkyl group in which part of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with halogen atoms and the “completely halogenated alkyl group” refers to an alkyl group in which all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with halogen atoms. Examples of halogen atoms include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms and iodine atoms, and fluorine atoms are particularly desirable. In other words, the halogenated alkyl group is preferably a fluorinated alkyl group. 
     The aryl group preferably has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and most preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms. As the aryl group, partially or completely halogenated aryl group is particularly desirable. The “partially halogenated aryl group” refers to an aryl group in which some of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with halogen atoms and the “completely halogenated aryl group” refers to an aryl group in which all of hydrogen atoms are substituted with halogen atoms. 
     As R 31 , an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms which has no substituent or a fluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms is particularly desirable. 
     As the organic group for R 32 , a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, aryl group, or cyano group is preferable. Examples of the alkyl group and the aryl group for R 32  include the same alkyl groups and aryl groups as those described above for R 31 . 
     As R 32 , a cyano group, an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms having no substituent or a fluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms is particularly desirable. 
     Preferable examples of the oxime sulfonate acid generator include compounds represented by general formula (B-2) or (B-3) shown below. 
                         
In the formula, R 33  represents a cyano group, an alkyl group having no substituent or a halogenated alkyl group; R 34  represents an aryl group; and R 35  represents an alkyl group having no substituent or a halogenated alkyl group.
 
                         
In the formula, R 36  represents a cyano group, an alkyl group having no substituent or a halogenated alkyl group; R 37  represents a divalent or trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group; R 38  represents an alkyl group having no substituent or a halogenated alkyl group; and p″ represents 2 or 3.
 
     In general formula (B-2), the alkyl group having no substituent or the halogenated alkyl group for R 33  preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. 
     As R 33 , a halogenated alkyl group is preferable, and a fluorinated alkyl group is more preferable. 
     The fluorinated alkyl group for R 33  preferably has 50% or more of the hydrogen atoms thereof fluorinated, more preferably 70% or more, and most preferably 90% or more. 
     Examples of the aryl group for R 34  include groups in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, such as a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, and a phenanthryl group, and heteroaryl groups in which some of the carbon atoms constituting the ring(s) of these groups are substituted with hetero atoms such as an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom. Of these, a fluorenyl group is preferable. 
     The aryl group for R 34  may have a substituent such as an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group, or an alkoxy group. The alkyl group and halogenated alkyl group as the substituent preferably has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Further, the halogenated alkyl group is preferably a fluorinated alkyl group. 
     The alkyl group having no substituent or the halogenated alkyl group for R 35  preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. 
     As R 35 , a halogenated alkyl group is preferable, and a fluorinated alkyl group is more preferable. 
     In terms of enhancing the strength of the acid generated, the fluorinated alkyl group for R 35  preferably has 50% or more of the hydrogen atoms fluorinated, more preferably 70% or more, still more preferably 90% or more. A completely fluorinated alkyl group in which 100% of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms is particularly desirable. 
     In general formula (B-3), as the alkyl group having no substituent and the halogenated alkyl group for R 36 , the same alkyl group having no substituent and the halogenated alkyl group described above for R 33  can be used. 
     Examples of the divalent or trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group for R 37  include groups in which one or two hydrogen atoms have been removed from the aryl group for R 34 . 
     As the alkyl group having no substituent or the halogenated alkyl group for R 38 , the same one as the alkyl group having no substituent or the halogenated alkyl group for R 35  can be used. 
     p″ is preferably 2. 
     Specific examples of suitable oxime sulfonate acid generators include α-(p-toluenesulfonyloxyimino)-benzyl cyanide, α-(p-chlorobenzenesulfonyloxyimino)-benzyl cyanide, α-(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyloxyimino)-benzyl cyanide, α-(4-nitro-2-trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonyloxyimino)-benzyl cyanide, α-(benzenesulfonyloxyimino)-4-chlorobenzyl cyanide, α-(benzenesulfonyloxyimino)-2,4-dichlorobenzyl cyanide, α-(benzenesulfonyloxyimino)-2,6-dichlorobenzyl cyanide, α-(benzenesulfonyloxyimino)-4-methoxybenzyl cyanide, α-(2-chlorobenzenesulfonyloxyimino)-4-methoxybenzyl cyanide, α-(benzenesulfonyloxyimino)-thien-2-yl acetonitrile, α-(4-dodecylbenzenesulfonyloxyimino)benzyl cyanide, α-[(p-toluenesulfonyloxyimino)-4-methoxyphenyl]acetonitrile, α-[(dodecylbenzenesulfonyloxyimino)-4-methoxyphenyl]acetonitrile, α-(tosyloxyimino)-4-thienyl cyanide, α-(methylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cyclopentenyl acetonitrile, α-(methylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cyclohexenyl acetonitrile, α-(methylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cycloheptenyl acetonitrile, α-(methylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cyclooctenyl acetonitrile, α-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cyclopentenyl acetonitrile, α-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxyimino)-cyclohexyl acetonitrile, α-(ethylsulfonyloxyimino)-ethyl acetonitrile, α-(propylsulfonyloxyimino)-propyl acetonitrile, α-(cyclohexylsulfonyloxyimino)-cyclopentyl acetonitrile, α-(cyclohexylsulfonyloxyimino)-cyclohexyl acetonitrile, α-(cyclohexylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cyclopentenyl acetonitrile, α-(ethylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cyclopentenyl acetonitrile, α-(isopropylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cyclopentenyl acetonitrile, α-(n-butylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cyclopentenyl acetonitrile, α-(ethylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cyclohexenyl acetonitrile, α-(isopropylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cyclohexenyl acetonitrile, α-(n-butylsulfonyloxyimino)-1-cyclohexenyl acetonitrile, α-(methylsulfonyloxyimino)-phenyl acetonitrile, α-(methylsulfonyloxyimino)-p-methoxyphenyl acetonitrile, α-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxyimino)-phenyl acetonitrile, α-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxyimino)-p-methoxyphenyl acetonitrile, α-(ethylsulfonyloxyimino)-p-methoxyphenyl acetonitrile, α-(propylsulfonyloxyimino)-p-methylphenyl acetonitrile, and α-(methylsulfonyloxyimino)-p-bromophenyl acetonitrile. 
     Further, oxime sulfonate-based acid generators disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. Hei 9-208554 (Chemical Formulas 18 and 19 shown in paragraphs [0012] to [0014]) and oxime sulfonate-based acid generators disclosed in WO 2004/074242A2 (Examples 1 to 40 described at pages 65 to 85) may be preferably used. 
     Furthermore, as preferable examples, the following can be used. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Of the aforementioned diazomethane acid generators, specific examples of suitable bisalkyl or bisaryl sulfonyl diazomethanes include bis(isopropylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(p-toluenesulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(1,1-dimethylethylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(cyclohexylsulfonyl)diazomethane, and bis(2,4-dimethylphenylsulfonyl)diazomethane. 
     Further, diazomethane acid generators disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. Hei 11-035551, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. Hei 11-035552 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. Hei 11-035573 may be preferably used. 
     Furthermore, as examples of poly(bis-sulfonyl)diazomethanes, those disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. Hei 11-322707, including 1,3-bis(phenylsulfonyldiazomethylsulfonyl)propane, 1,4-bis(phenylsulfonyldiazomethylsulfonyl)butane, 1,6-bis(phenylsulfonyldiazomethylsulfonyl)hexane, 1,10-bis(phenylsulfonyldiazomethylsulfonyl)decane, 1,2-bis(cyclohexylsulfonyldiazomethylsulfonyl)ethane, 1,3-bis(cyclohexylsulfonyldiazomethylsulfonyl)propane, 1,6-bis(cyclohexylsulfonyldiazomethylsulfonyl)hexane, and 1,10-bis(cyclohexylsulfonyldiazomethylsulfonyl)decane, may be given. 
     As the component (B), one type of acid generator may be used, or two or more types of acid generators may be used in combination. 
     In the present invention, as the component (B), it is preferable to use an onium salt having a fluorinated alkylsulfonic acid ion as the anion moiety. 
     In the positive resist composition of the present invention, the amount of the component (B) relative to 100 parts by weight of the component (A) is preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by weight, and more preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight. By ensuring that the amount of the component (B) is within the above-mentioned range, formation of a resist pattern can be satisfactorily performed. Further, by virtue of the above-mentioned range, a uniform solution can be obtained and the storage stability becomes satisfactory. 
     &lt;Optional Components&gt; 
     The positive resist composition of the present invention may further contain a nitrogen-containing organic compound (D) (hereafter referred to as the component (D)) as an optional component. 
     As the component (D), there is no particular limitation as long as it functions as an acid diffusion control agent, i.e., a quencher which traps the acid generated from the component (B) upon exposure. A multitude of these components (D) have already been proposed, and any of these known compounds may be used, although an aliphatic amine, and particularly a secondary aliphatic amine or tertiary aliphatic amine is preferable. The term “aliphatic cyclic group” refers to a monocyclic group or polycyclic group that has no aromaticity. An aliphatic amine is an amine having one or more aliphatic groups, and the aliphatic groups preferably have 1 to 20 carbon atoms. 
     Examples of these aliphatic amines include amines in which at least one hydrogen atom of ammonia (NH 3 ) has been substituted with an alkyl group or hydroxyalkyl group of no more than 20 carbon atoms (i.e., alkylamines or alkylalcoholamines), and cyclic amines. 
     Specific examples of alkylamines and alkylalcoholamines include monoalkylamines such as n-hexylamine, n-heptylamine, n-octylamine, n-nonylamine, and n-decylamine; dialkylamines such as diethylamine, di-n-propylamine, di-n-heptylamine, di-n-octylamine, and dicyclohexylamine; trialkylamines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-n-butylamine, tri-n-hexylamine, tri-n-pentylamine, tri-n-heptylamine, tri-n-octylamine, tri-n-nonylamine, tri-n-decanylamine, and tri-n-dodecylamine; and alkyl alcohol amines such as diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, di-n-octanolamine, tri-n-octanolamine, stearyldiethanolamine and laurildiethanolamine. Among these, trialkylamines and/or alkylalcoholamines are preferable. 
     Examples of the cyclic amine include heterocyclic compounds containing a nitrogen atom as a hetero atom. The heterocyclic compound may be a monocyclic compound (aliphatic monocyclic amine), or a polycyclic compound (aliphatic polycyclic amine). 
     Specific examples of the aliphatic monocyclic amine include piperidine, and piperazine. 
     The aliphatic polycyclic amine preferably has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-5-nonene, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene, hexamethylenetetramine, and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. 
     Examples of aromatic amines include aniline, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, pyrrole, indole, pyrazole, imidazole and derivatives thereof, as well as diphenylamine, triphenylamine and tribenzylamine. 
     Examples of other aliphatic amines include tris(2-methoxymethoxyethyl)amine, tris {2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl}amine, tris {2-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)ethyl}amine, tris{2-(1-methoxyethoxy)ethyl}amine, tris{2-(1-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl}amine, tris{2-(1-ethoxypropoxy)ethyl}amine and tris[2-{2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy}ethyl]amine. 
     These compounds can be used either alone, or in combinations of two or more different compounds. 
     The component (D) is typically used in an amount within a range from 0.01 to 5.0 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the component (A). By ensuring that the amount of the component (D) is within the above-mentioned range, the shape of the resist pattern and the post exposure stability of the latent image formed by the pattern-wise exposure of the resist layer are improved. 
     Furthermore, in the positive resist composition of the present invention, for preventing any deterioration in sensitivity, and improving the resist pattern shape and the post exposure stability of the latent image formed by the pattern-wise exposure of the resist layer, at least one compound (E) (hereafter referred to as the component (E)) selected from the group consisting of an organic carboxylic acid, or a phosphorus oxo acid or derivative thereof can be added. 
     Examples of suitable organic carboxylic acids include acetic acid, malonic acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid. 
     Examples of phosphorus oxo acids or derivatives thereof include phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid and phosphinic acid. Among these, phosphonic acid is particularly desirable. 
     Examples of oxo acid derivatives include esters in which a hydrogen atom within the above-mentioned oxo acids is substituted with a hydrocarbon group. Examples of the hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and an aryl group of 6 to 15 carbon atoms. 
     Examples of phosphoric acid derivatives include phosphoric acid esters such as di-n-butyl phosphate and diphenyl phosphate. 
     Examples of phosphonic acid derivatives include phosphonic acid esters such as dimethyl phosphonate, di-n-butyl phosphonate, phenylphosphonic acid, diphenyl phosphonate and dibenzyl phosphonate. 
     Examples of phosphinic acid derivatives include phosphinic acid esters such as phenylphosphinic acid. 
     As the component (E), one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. 
     The component (E) is typically used in an amount within a range from 0.01 to 5.0 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the component (A). 
     If desired, other miscible additives can also be added to the positive resist composition of the present invention. Examples of such miscible additives include additive resins for improving the performance of the resist film, surfactants for improving the applicability, dissolution inhibitors, plasticizers, stabilizers, colorants, halation prevention agents, and dyes. 
     The positive resist composition of the present invention can be prepared by dissolving the materials for the resist composition in an organic solvent (hereafter, frequently referred to as “component (S)”). 
     The component (S) may be any organic solvent which can dissolve the respective components to give a uniform solution, and one or more kinds of any organic solvent can be appropriately selected from those which have been conventionally known as solvents for a chemically amplified resist. 
     Examples thereof include lactones such as γ-butyrolactone; 
     ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl-n-pentyl ketone, methyl isopentyl ketone, and 2-heptanone; 
     polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol; 
     compounds having an ester bond, such as ethylene glycol monoacetate, diethylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol monoacetate, and dipropylene glycol monoacetate; polyhydric alcohol derivatives including compounds having an ether bond, such as a monoalkylether (e.g., monomethylether, monoethylether, monopropylether or monobutylether) or monophenylether of any of these polyhydric alcohols or compounds having an ester bond (among these, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) and propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) are preferable); 
     cyclic ethers such as dioxane; esters such as methyl lactate, ethyl lactate (EL), methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl pyruvate, ethyl pyruvate, methyl methoxypropionate, and ethyl ethoxypropionate; 
     and aromatic organic solvents such as anisole, ethylbenzylether, cresylmethylether, diphenylether, dibenzylether, phenetole, butylphenylether, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, pentylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, toluene, xylene, cymene and mesitylene. 
     These solvents can be used individually, or in combination as a mixed solvent. 
     Among these, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) and ethyl lactate (EL) are preferable. 
     Further, among the mixed solvents, a mixed solvent obtained by mixing PGMEA with a polar solvent is preferable. The mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the mixed solvent can be appropriately determined, taking into consideration the compatibility of the PGMEA with the polar solvent, but is preferably in the range of 1:9 to 9:1, more preferably from 2:8 to 8:2. 
     Specifically, when EL is mixed as the polar solvent, the PGMEA:EL weight ratio is preferably from 1:9 to 9:1, and more preferably from 2:8 to 8:2. Alternatively, when PGME is mixed as the polar solvent, the PGMEA:PGME is preferably from 1:9 to 9:1, more preferably from 2:8 to 8:2, and still more preferably 3:7 to 7:3. 
     Further, as the component (S), a mixed solvent of at least one of PGMEA and EL with γ-butyrolactone is also preferable. The mixing ratio (former:latter) of such a mixed solvent is preferably from 70:30 to 95:5. 
     The amount of the organic solvent is not particularly limited, and is appropriately adjusted to a concentration which enables coating of a coating solution to a substrate, depending on the thickness of the coating film. In general, the organic solvent is used in an amount such that the solid content of the resist composition becomes within the range from 1 to 20% by weight, and preferably from 2 to 15% by weight. 
     The positive resist composition of the present invention described above and the component (A1) blended in the positive resist composition are novel, and are essentially unknown in the art. 
     By the positive resist composition of the present invention, a resist film can be formed on a support such as a substrate with excellent adhesion. Further, the positive resist composition exhibits excellent lithography properties with respect to sensitivity, depth of focus (DOF), exposure margin (EL), and the like. Further, a resist pattern can be formed with excellent mask reproducibility (e.g., excellent mask error factor (MEF)), and the shape of the resist pattern (e.g., circularity of the holes of a hole pattern), in-plane uniformity of the pattern dimensions (CDU), line width roughness (LWR) and the like are improved. EL is the range of the exposure dose in which a resist pattern can be formed with a size within a predetermined range of variation from a target size, when exposure is conducted by changing the exposure dose, i.e., the range of the exposure dose in which a resist pattern faithful to the mask pattern can be formed. The larger the exposure margin, the smaller the variation in the pattern size depending on the change in the exposure dose, thereby resulting in favorable improvement in the process margin. DOF is the range of depth of focus in which a resist pattern having a predetermined size within the range corresponding to the target size can be formed when the exposure focus is moved upwardly or downwardly with the same exposure dose, i.e., the range in which a resist pattern faithful to the mask pattern can be obtained. Larger DOF is more preferable. LWR refers to the phenomenon in which the line widths of a line pattern formed using a resist composition becomes heterogeneous, and improvement in this characteristic becomes more important as the pattern becomes finer. 
     In the present invention, the reasons why the above-mentioned effects can be achieved have not been elucidated yet. However, one of the reasons is presumed that by virtue of the structural unit (a0) having a cyclic group containing —SO 2 — (which is a polar group) on the terminal of a relatively long side chain, the component (B) can be uniformly distributed, thereby resulting in the improvement in lithography properties. 
     &lt;&lt;Method of Forming a Resist Pattern&gt;&gt; 
     The method of forming a resist pattern according to the present invention includes: applying a positive resist composition of the present invention to a substrate to form a resist film on the substrate; conducting exposure of the resist film; and developing the resist film to form a resist pattern. 
     More specifically, the method for forming a resist pattern according to the present invention can be performed, for example, as follows. 
     Firstly, a positive resist composition according to the present invention is applied onto a substrate using a spinner or the like, and a prebake (post applied bake (PAB)) is conducted at a temperature of 80 to 150° C. for 40 to 120 seconds, preferably 60 to 90 seconds, to form a resist film. Following selective exposure of the thus formed resist film, either by exposure through a mask pattern using an exposure apparatus such as an ArF exposure apparatus, an electron beam lithography apparatus or an EUV exposure apparatus, or by patterning via direct irradiation with an electron beam without using a mask pattern, PEB (post exposure baking) is conducted under temperature conditions of 80 to 150° C. for 40 to 120 seconds, and preferably 60 to 90 seconds. Subsequently, developing is conducted using an alkali developing solution such as a 0.1 to 10% by weight aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), preferably followed by rinsing with pure water, and drying. If desired, bake treatment (post bake) can be conducted following the developing. In this manner, a resist pattern that is faithful to the mask pattern can be obtained. 
     The substrate is not specifically limited and a conventionally known substrate can be used. For example, substrates for electronic components, and such substrates having wiring patterns formed thereon can be used. Specific examples of the material of the substrate include metals such as silicon wafer, copper, chromium, iron and aluminum; and glass Suitable materials for the wiring pattern include copper, aluminum, nickel, and gold. 
     Further, as the substrate, any one of the above-mentioned substrates provided with an inorganic and/or organic film on the surface thereof may be used. As the inorganic film, an inorganic antireflection film (inorganic BARC) can be used. As the organic film, an organic antireflection film (organic BARC) can be used. 
     The wavelength to be used for exposure is not particularly limited and the exposure can be conducted using radiation such as ArF excimer laser, KrF excimer laser, F 2  excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV), vacuum ultraviolet rays (VUV), electron beam (EB), X-rays, and soft X-rays. The positive resist composition of the present invention is effective to KrF excimer laser, ArF excimer laser, EB and EUV, and particularly effective to ArF excimer laser. 
     The exposure of the resist film can be either a general exposure (dry exposure) conducted in air or an inert gas such as nitrogen, or immersion exposure (immersion lithography). 
     In immersion lithography, the region between the resist film and the lens at the lowermost point of the exposure apparatus is pre-filled with a solvent (immersion medium) that has a larger refractive index than the refractive index of air, and the exposure (immersion exposure) is conducted in this state. 
     The immersion medium preferably exhibits a refractive index larger than the refractive index of air but smaller than the refractive index of the resist film to be exposed. The refractive index of the immersion medium is not particularly limited as long at it satisfies the above-mentioned requirements. 
     Examples of this immersion medium which exhibits a refractive index that is larger than the refractive index of air but smaller than the refractive index of the resist film include water, fluorine-based inert liquids, silicon-based solvents and hydrocarbon-based solvents. 
     Specific examples of the fluorine-based inert liquids include liquids containing a fluorine-based compound such as C 3 HCl 2 F 5 , C 4 F 9 OCH 3 , C 4 F 9 OC 2 H 5  or C 5 H 3 F 7  as the main component, which have a boiling point within a range from 70 to 180° C. and preferably from 80 to 160° C. A fluorine-based inert liquid having a boiling point within the above-mentioned range is advantageous in that the removal of the immersion medium after the exposure can be conducted by a simple method. 
     As a fluorine-based inert liquid, a perfluoroalkyl compound in which all of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms is particularly desirable. Examples of these perfluoroalkyl compounds include perfluoroalkylether compounds and perfluoroalkylamine compounds. 
     Specifically, one example of a suitable perfluoroalkylether compound is perfluoro(2-butyl-tetrahydrofuran) (boiling point 102° C.), and an example of a suitable perfluoroalkylamine compound is perfluorotributylamine (boiling point 174° C.). 
     As the immersion medium, water is preferable in terms of cost, safety, environment and versatility. 
     &lt;&lt;Polymeric Compound&gt;&gt; 
     The polymeric compound of the present invention includes a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below and a structural unit (a1) derived from an acrylate ester containing an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group. 
     The explanation of the polymeric compound of the present invention is the same as the explanation of the component (A1) of the positive resist composition of the present invention described above. 
                         
In the formula, R 1  represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogenated lower alkyl group; R 2  represents a divalent linking group; and R 3  represents a cyclic group containing —SO 2 — within the ring skeleton thereof.
 
     EXAMPLES 
     As follows is a description of examples of the present invention, although the scope of the present invention is by no way limited by these examples. 
     In the following examples, a unit represented by a chemical formula (1) is designated as “compound (1)”, and the same applies for compounds represented by other formulas. 
     Monomer Synthesis Example 1 
     Synthesis of Compound (1) 
     The compound (1) used in the polymer synthesis examples described later was synthesized as follows. 
     300 ml of a THF solution containing 20 g (105.14 mmol) of an alcohol (1), 30.23 g (157.71 mmol) of ethyldiisopropylaminocarbodiimide (EDCI) hydrochloride and 0.6 g (5 mmol) of dimethylaminopyridine was charged into a 500 ml three-necked flask in nitrogen atmosphere, and 16.67 g (115.66 mmol) of a precursor (1) was added thereto while cooling with ice (0° C.), followed by stirring at room temperature for 12 hours. 
     After conducting thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to confirm that the raw materials had been consumed, 50 ml of water was added to stop the reaction. Then, the reaction solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure, and extraction was conducted with ethyl acetate three times. The obtained organic phase was washed with water, saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate and 1N-HClaq in this order. Thereafter, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the resulting product was dried, thereby obtaining the compound (1). 
     The results of instrumental analysis of the obtained compound (1) were as follows. 
       1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 400 MHz): δ(ppm)=6.22 (s, 1H, H a ), 5.70 (s, 1H, H b ), 4.71-4.85 (m, 2H, H c,d ), 4.67 (s, 2H, H k ), 3.40-3.60 (m, 2H, H e,f ), 2.58-2.70 (m, 1H, H g ), 2.11-2.21 (m, 2H, H h ), 2.00 (s, 3H, H i ), 1.76-2.09 (m, 2H, H j ). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Monomer Synthesis Example 2 
     Synthesis of Compound (2) 
     The compound (2) used in the polymer synthesis examples described later was synthesized as follows. 
     37.6 g (494 mmol) of glycolic acid, 700 mL of DMF, 86.5 g (626 mmol) of potassium carbonate, and 28.3 g (170 mmol) of potassium iodide were added to a 2 L three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a cooling pipe, and a stirrer, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, 300 ml of a dimethylformamide solution containing 100 g (412 mmol) of 2-methyl-2-adamantyl chloroacetate was gradually added thereto. The resultant was heated to 40° C., and stirred for 4 hours. Subsequently, 2,000 ml of diethylether was added to the reaction mixture, followed by filtration. The resulting solution was washed with 500 ml of distilled water three times. Then, crystallization was conducted using a mixed solvent containing 300 ml of toluene and 200 ml of heptane, thereby obtaining 78 g of an objective compound (2-(2-(2-methyl-2-adamantyloxy)-2-oxoethoxy)-2-oxoethanol) in the form of a colorless solid (yield: 67%, GC purity: 99%). 
     The results of instrumental analysis of the obtained compound were as follows. 
       1 H-NMR: 1.59 (d, 2H, J=12.5 Hz), 1.64 (s, 3H), 1.71-1.99 (m, 10H), 2.29 (m, 2H), 2.63 (t, 1H, J=5.2 Hz), 4.29 (d, 2H, J=5.2 Hz), 4.67 (s, 2H). 
       13 C-NMR: 22.35, 26.56, 27.26, 32.97, 34.54, 36.29, 38.05, 60.54, 61.50, 89.87, 165.97, 172.81. 
     GC-MS: 282 (M+, 0.02%), 165 (0.09%), 149 (40%), 148 (100%), 133 (22%), 117 (2.57%), 89 (0.40%). 
     From the results above, it was confirmed that the obtained compound was 2-(2-(2-methyl-2-adamantyloxy)-2-oxoethoxy)-2-oxoethanol. 
     Subsequently, 165 g (584 mmol) of 2-(2-(2-methyl-2-adamantyloxy)-2-oxoethoxy)-2-oxoethanol, 2,000 ml of THF, 105 ml (754 mmol) of triethylamine, and 0.165 g (1,000 ppm) of p-methoxyphenol were added to and dissolved in a 2 L three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a cooling pipe, and a stirrer. Then, 62.7 ml (648 mmol) of methacryloyl chloride was gradually added thereto while cooling in an ice bath. The temperature of the resultant was elevated to room temperature, and the resultant was stirred for 3 hours. Subsequently, 1,000 ml of diethylether was added thereto, followed by washing with 200 ml of distilled water 5 times. Thereafter, the extraction liquid was concentrated, thereby obtaining 198 g of an objective compound (compound (2)) in the form of a colorless liquid (yield: 97%, GC purity: 99%). 
     The results of instrumental analysis of the obtained compound (2) were as follows. 
       1 H-NMR: 1.58 (d, J=12.5 Hz, 2H), 1.63 (s, 3H), 1.71-1.89 (m, 8H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 2H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 5.66 (m, 1H), 6.23 (m, 1H). 
       13 C-NMR: 18.04, 22.15, 26.42, 27.14, 32.82, 34.38, 36.11, 37.92, 60.44, 61.28, 89.42, 126.79, 135.18, 165.61, 166.30, 167.20. 
     GC-MS: 350 (M+, 1.4%), 206 (0.13%), 149 (47%), 148 (100%), 133 (20%), 69 (37%). 
     Monomer Synthesis Example 3 
     Synthesis of Compound (3) 
     The compound (3) used in the polymer synthesis examples described later was synthesized by a method described in paragraph [0070] of WO 2007/94473. 
     Polymer Synthesis Example 1 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 21.47 g (67.94 mmol) of a compound (1), 12.36 g (35.33 mmol) of a compound (2), 20.00 g (108.70 mmol) of a compound (3) and 11.54 g (48.92 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 98.06 g of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PM). Then, 26.1 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 54.47 g of PM heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 6 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 1 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a methanol/water mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 40 g of a polymeric compound 1 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 1, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 10,100, and the dispersity was 1.45. Further, the polymeric compound 1 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=28.1/14.1/36.1/20.2. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 2 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 11.77 g (69.23 mmol) of a compound (5), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 16.58 g (63.29 mmol) of a compound (6), 4.65 g (27.69 mmol) of a compound (7) and 3.27 g (13.85 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 76.91 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 22.1 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 42.72 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 41 g of a polymeric compound 2 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 2, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,900, and the dispersity was 1.78. Further, the polymeric compound 2 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o/p=35.0/26.5/17.9/13.2/7.4. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 3 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 13.80 g (43.62 mmol) of a compound (1), 5.10 g (17.45 mmol) of a compound (8), 80.00 g (305.34 mmol) of a compound (6) and 4.12 g (17.45 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 154.53 g of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PM). Then, 15.4 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 85.85 g of PM heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a methanol/n-heptane mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 25 g of a polymeric compound 3 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 3, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 6,700, and the dispersity was 1.30. Further, the polymeric compound 3 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=28.2/9.3/47.7/14.8. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 4 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 10.90 g (34.46 mmol) of a compound (1), 4.53 g (15.51 mmol) of a compound (8), 20.00 g (108.54 mmol) of a compound (3) and 3.66 g (15.51 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 58.64 g of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PM). Then, 17.4 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 32.57 g of PM heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 6 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 1 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a 2-propanol/n-heptane mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 30 g of a polymeric compound 4 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 4, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 9,400, and the dispersity was 1.68. Further, the polymeric compound 4 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=22.6/9.0/56.9/11.5. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 5 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 10.00 g (31.65 mmol) of a compound (1), 9.10 g (38.88 mmol) of a compound (9) and 4.05 g (17.18 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 34.73 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 5.8 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 19.29 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 6 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 1 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a methanol/water mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 15 g of a polymeric compound 5 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 5, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 9,200, and the dispersity was 1.52. 
     Further, the polymeric compound 5 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n=39.5/41.4/19.1. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 6 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 10.00 g (31.65 mmol) of a compound (1), 6.53 g (38.88 mmol) of a compound (7) and 4.05 g (17.18 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 30.87 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 7.0 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 17.15 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 6 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 1 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a methanol/water mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 15 g of a polymeric compound 6 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 6, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 9,300, and the dispersity was 1.51. Further, the polymeric compound 6 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n=39.3/41.1/19.6. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 7 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 7.93 g (46.64 mmol) of a compound (5), 8.00 g (25.32 mmol) of a compound (1), 11.17 g (42.64 mmol) of a compound (6), 3.13 g (18.66 mmol) of a compound (7) and 3.46 g (14.66 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 50.54 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 13.3 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 28.07 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with an n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 20 g of a polymeric compound 7 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 7, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 9,400, and the dispersity was 1.47. Further, the polymeric compound 7 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o/p=36.0/21.0/18.1/13.2/11.7. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 8 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 7.93 g (46.64 mmol) of a compound (5), 8.00 g (25.32 mmol) of a compound (1), 11.17 g (42.64 mmol) of a compound (6), 4.25 g (25.32 mmol) of a compound (7) and 2.20 g (9.33 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 50.33 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 13.4 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 27.95 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with an n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 20 g of a polymeric compound 8 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 8, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 8,200, and the dispersity was 1.44. Further, the polymeric compound 8 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o/p=36.7/21.2/17.0/18.1/7.0. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 9 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 9.91 g (58.30 mmol) of a compound (5), 10.00 g (31.65 mmol) of a compound (1), 17.89 g (68.30 mmol) of a compound (6), 3.92 g (23.32 mmol) of a compound (7) and 2.75 g (11.66 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 66.71 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 17.4 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 37.95 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with an n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 25 g of a polymeric compound 9 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 9, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,700, and the dispersity was 1.42. Further, the polymeric compound 9 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o/p=39.4/21.2/19.5/12.6/7.3. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 10 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 7.85 g (46.16 mmol) of a compound (5), 10.00 g (31.65 mmol) of a compound (1), 8.50 g (34.29 mmol) of a compound (10), 3.10 g (18.46 mmol) of a compound (7) and 2.18 g (9.23 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 47.45 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 14.0 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 26.35 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 21 g of a polymeric compound 10 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 10, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,600, and the dispersity was 1.54. Further, the polymeric compound 10 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o/p=34.9/26.0/19.0/12.6/7.5. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 11 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 12.52 g (73.67 mmol) of a compound (5), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 17.91 g (68.36 mmol) of a compound (6) and 4.78 g (28.48 mmol) of a compound (7) were dissolved in 75.32 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 21.8 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. 
     The resultant was dropwise added to 41.84 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. 
     Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 40 g of a polymeric compound 11 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 11, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,800, and the dispersity was 1.71. Further, the polymeric compound 11 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=38.0/28.1/21.1/12.8. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 12 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 11.00 g (64.73 mmol) of a compound (5), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 31.31 g (142.41 mmol) of a compound (6) and 5.09 g (21.58 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 102.60 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 27.6 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 57.00 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 50 g of a polymeric compound 12 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 12, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,700, and the dispersity was 1.69. Further, the polymeric compound 12 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=33.2/25.1/31.6/10.1. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 13 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 15.37 g (69.23 mmol) of a compound (11), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 16.58 g (63.29 mmol) of a compound (6), 4.65 g (27.69 mmol) of a compound (7) and 3.27 g (13.85 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 82.31 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 22.2 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 45.72 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 40 g of a polymeric compound 13 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 13, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,600, and the dispersity was 1.70. Further, the polymeric compound 13 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o/p=35.2/26.6/18.1/13.5/6.6. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 14 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 15.37 g (69.23 mmol) of a compound (11), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 12.75 g (51.43 mmol) of a compound (10), 4.65 g (27.69 mmol) of a compound (7) and 3.27 g (13.85 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 76.56 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 20.9 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 42.53 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 40 g of a polymeric compound 14 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 14, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,700, and the dispersity was 1.59. Further, the polymeric compound 14 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o/p=35.0/25.9/19.2/12.5/7.4. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 15 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 16.02 g (72.15 mmol) of a compound (11), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 17.91 g (68.36 mmol) of a compound (6) and 4.78 g (28.48 mmol) of a compound (7) were dissolved in 80.57 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 21.7 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 44.75 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 40 g of a polymeric compound 15 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 15, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,700, and the dispersity was 1.69. Further, the polymeric compound 15 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=37.8/28.0/21.2/13.0. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 16 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 17.72 g (63.29 mmol) of a compound (12), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 16.58 g (63.29 mmol) of a compound (6), 4.65 g (27.69 mmol) of a compound (7) and 3.27 g (13.85 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 85.83 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 25.9 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 47.68 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 45 g of a polymeric compound 16 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 16, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,600, and the dispersity was 1.66. Further, the polymeric compound 16 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o/p=35.2/26.5/18.1/13.6/6.6. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 17 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 17.85 g (63.29 mmol) of a compound (13), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 16.58 g (63.29 mmol) of a compound (6), 4.65 g (27.69 mmol) of a compound (7) and 3.27 g (13.85 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 86.03 g of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) to obtain a solution. Then, 25.9 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 47.79 g of GBL heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 45 g of a polymeric compound 17 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 17, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,800, and the dispersity was 1.69. Further, the polymeric compound 17 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o/p=35.5/26.4/18.0/13.7/6.4. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 18 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 14.62 g (65.27 mmol) of a compound (14), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 16.58 g (63.29 mmol) of a compound (6), 4.65 g (27.69 mmol) of a compound (7) and 3.27 g (13.85 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 81.18 g of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) to obtain a solution. Then, 26.1 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 45.10 g of GBL heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 40 g of a polymeric compound 18 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 18, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,800, and the dispersity was 1.69. Further, the polymeric compound 18 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o/p=35.5/26.4/18.0/13.7/6.4. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 19 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 15.31 g (68.36 mmol) of a compound (14), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 17.91 g (68.36 mmol) of a compound (6) and 4.78 g (28.48 mmol) of a compound (7) were dissolved in 79.50 g of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) to obtain a solution. Then, 25.5 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 44.17 g of GBL heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 40 g of a polymeric compound 19 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 19, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,800, and the dispersity was 1.66. Further, the polymeric compound 19 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=37.9/28.3/21.0/12.8. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 20 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 18.74 g (66.46 mmol) of a compound (13), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 17.91 g (68.36 mmol) of a compound (6) and 4.78 g (28.48 mmol) of a compound (7) were dissolved in 86.65 g of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). Then, 21.7 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 45.02 g of GBL heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 40 g of a polymeric compound 20 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 20, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,500, and the dispersity was 1.68. Further, the polymeric compound 20 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=38.1/27.9/20.9/13.1. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 21 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 18.61 g (66.46 mmol) of a compound (12), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 17.91 g (68.36 mmol) of a compound (6) and 4.78 g (28.48 mmol) of a compound (7) were dissolved in 84.45 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 21.7 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 46.92 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 40 g of a polymeric compound 21 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 21, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,400, and the dispersity was 1.67. Further, the polymeric compound 21 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=38.0/28.0/20.3/13.7. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 22 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 11.00 g (64.73 mmol) of a compound (5), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 12.69 g (75.52 mmol) of a compound (7) and 5.09 g (21.58 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 65.67 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 20.9 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. 
     The resultant was dropwise added to 36.48 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. 
     Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 35 g of a polymeric compound 22 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 22, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,800, and the dispersity was 1.65. Further, the polymeric compound 22 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=33.0/25.3/32.1/9.6. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 23 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 14.37 g (64.73 mmol) of a compound (11), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 37.31 g (142.41 mmol) of a compound (6) and 5.09 g (21.58 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 107.66 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 27.6 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 59.80 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 50 g of a polymeric compound 23 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 23, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,400, and the dispersity was 1.67. Further, the polymeric compound 23 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=33.0/25.2/31.7/10.1. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 24 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 14.37 g (64.73 mmol) of a compound (11), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 12.69 g (75.52 mmol) of a compound (7) and 5.09 g (21.58 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 70.73 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 20.9 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 39.29 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 35 g of a polymeric compound 24 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 24, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,700, and the dispersity was 1.68. Further, the polymeric compound 24 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=33.3/25.0/32.3/9.4. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 25 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 14.50 g (64.73 mmol) of a compound (14), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 37.31 g (142.41 mmol) of a compound (6) and 5.09 g (21.58 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 107.85 g of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) to obtain a solution. Then, 27.6 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 59.92 g of GBL heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. 
     The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 50 g of a polymeric compound 25 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 25, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,500, and the dispersity was 1.64. Further, the polymeric compound 25 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=33.2/25.3/31.4/10.1. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 26 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 14.50 g (64.73 mmol) of a compound (14), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 12.69 g (75.52 mmol) of a compound (7) and 5.09 g (21.58 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 70.92 g of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) to obtain a solution. Then, 25.1 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 39.40 g of GBL heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 35 g of a polymeric compound 26 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 26, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,700, and the dispersity was 1.65. Further, the polymeric compound 26 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=33.2/24.9/32.5/9.4. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 27 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 18.25 g (64.73 mmol) of a compound (13), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 37.31 g (142.41 mmol) of a compound (6) and 5.09 g (21.58 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 113.48 g of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) to obtain a solution. Then, 33.1 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 63.04 g of GBL heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. 
     The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 55 g of a polymeric compound 27 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 27, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,800, and the dispersity was 1.66. Further, the polymeric compound 27 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=33.4/25.2/31.1/10.3. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 28 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 18.25 g (64.73 mmol) of a compound (13), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 12.69 g (75.52 mmol) of a compound (7) and 5.09 g (21.58 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 76.55 g of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) to obtain a solution. Then, 25.1 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 42.52 g of GBL heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 35 g of a polymeric compound 28 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 28, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,400, and the dispersity was 1.62. Further, the polymeric compound 28 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=33.4/24.8/33.0/8.8. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 29 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 18.12 g (64.73 mmol) of a compound (12), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 37.31 g (142.41 mmol) of a compound (6) and 5.09 g (21.58 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 113.28 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 33.1 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 62.93 g of MEK heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 55 g of a polymeric compound 29 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 29, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,800, and the dispersity was 1.66. Further, the polymeric compound 29 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=33.4/25.2/31.1/10.3. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 30 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 18.12 g (64.73 mmol) of a compound (12), 15.00 g (47.47 mmol) of a compound (1), 12.69 g (75.52 mmol) of a compound (7) and 5.09 g (21.58 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 76.35 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 25.1 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. The resultant was dropwise added to 42.42 g of MEK heated to 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 35 g of a polymeric compound 30 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 30, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,700, and the dispersity was 1.66. Further, the polymeric compound 30 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=33.0/24.9/32.8/9.3. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 31 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 17.42 g (55.13 mmol) of a compound (1), 8.91 g (25.47 mmol) of a compound (2), 90.00 g (343.51 mmol) of a compound (6) and 6.01 g (25.47 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 183.51 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 31.5 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. 
     The resultant was dropwise added to 101.95 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. 
     The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/2-propanol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 25 g of a polymeric compound 31 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 31, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 5,100, and the dispersity was 1.27. Further, the polymeric compound 31 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=32.5/11.0/45.1/11.4. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 32 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 9.52 g (55.98 mmol) of a compound (5), 12.93 g (40.91 mmol) of a compound (1), 22.00 g (83.97 mmol) of a compound (6), 7.23 g (43.06 mmol) of a compound (7), 3.77 g (10.77 mmol) of a compound (2) and 4.06 g (17.22 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 89.27 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to obtain a solution. Then, 25.2 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. 
     The resultant was dropwise added to 49.59 g of MEK heated to 78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 4 hours while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. 
     The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of n-heptane, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with a n-heptane/isopropylalcohol mixed solvent and drying, thereby obtaining 35 g of a polymeric compound 32 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 32, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 7,000, and the dispersity was 1.47. Further, the polymeric compound 32 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o/p/q=28.4/21.9/18.9/18.0/4.3/8.5. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Examples 33 to 43 
     Polymeric compounds 33 to 43 were synthesized in the same manner as in Polymer Synthesis Example 32, except that the monomer compounds were used with the molar ratio indicated in Table 1. 
     In Table 1, the compound (5), the compound (1), the compound (6), the compound (7), the compound (10) and the compound (4) are as shown above. 
     With respect to the obtained polymeric compounds, the compositional ratio, the molecular weight and the dispersity were determined in the same manner as described above. The results are shown in Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Monomer 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Polymeric 
                 Compound 
                 Compound 
                 Compound 
                 Compound 
                 Compound 
                 Compound 
                 Molecular 
                   
               
               
                 compound 
                 (5) 
                 (1) 
                 (6) 
                 (7) 
                 (10) 
                 (4) 
                 weight 
                 Dispersity 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 33 
                 36.7 
                 22.6 
                   
                 13.6 
                 19.6 
                 8.1 
                 7,400 
                 1.64 
               
               
                 34 
                 34.4 
                 20.1 
                   
                 13.6 
                 21.8 
                 10.1 
                 8,800 
                 1.52 
               
               
                 35 
                 35.3 
                 25.4 
                   
                 13.3 
                 19.1 
                 7.0 
                 8,400 
                 1.80 
               
               
                 36 
                 27.7 
                 19.4 
                   
                 14.3 
                 20.0 
                 18.6 
                 7,800 
                 1.67 
               
               
                 37 
                 34.8 
                 25.1 
                   
                 14.4 
                 18.4 
                 7.3 
                 10,600 
                 1.95 
               
               
                 38 
                 28.3 
                 19.7 
                 20.0 
                 13.3 
                   
                 8.7 
                 5,800 
                 1.40 
               
               
                 39 
                 36.0 
                 21.0 
                 18.1 
                 13.2 
                   
                 11.7 
                 9,400 
                 1.47 
               
               
                 40 
                 33.3 
                 25.4 
                 17.7 
                 13.3 
                   
                 10.3 
                 7,300 
                 1.64 
               
               
                 41 
                 33.5 
                 21.4 
                   
                   
                 28.5 
                 16.6 
                 8,200 
                 1.52 
               
               
                 42 
                 30.9 
                 19.7 
                   
                 34.3 
                   
                 15.1 
                 8,200 
                 1.52 
               
               
                 43 
                 42.6 
                 20.2 
                   
                   
                 21.5 
                 15.7 
                 8,400 
                 1.52 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Monomer Synthesis Example 4 
     Synthesis of Compound (15) 
     The compound (15) used in the Polymer Synthesis Examples described below was synthesized as follows. 
     18.0 g (125 mmol) of a precursor (1) was added to 400 ml of a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution containing 20.0 g (104 mmol) of an alcohol (2), 28.7 g (150 mmol) of ethyldiisopropylaminocarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) and 1.0 g of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in a nitrogen atmosphere at 0° C., and the temperature was elevated to room temperature, followed by stirring for 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, 100 ml of water was added, and the resultant was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove THF, followed by extraction using water/ethyl acetate. Then, washing was conducted three times with 200 ml of a 1% by weight NH 3  aqueous solution, followed by washing with 200 ml of water three times. Thereafter, the resultant was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove ethyl acetate, thereby obtaining 22.1 g of a compound (15) in the form of a solid (yield: 67%). 
     The alcohol (2) was obtained in accordance with Synthesis Example 2 of Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2007-31355. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Monomer Synthesis Example 5 
     Synthesis of Compound (16) 
     The compound (16) used in the Polymer Synthesis Examples described below was synthesized as follows. 
     50 g of a precursor (2) and 37.18 g of an alcohol (1) were dissolved in 500 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) in a three-necked flask in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, 56.07 g of ethyldiisopropylaminocarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI.HCl) was added to thereto, and cooled to 0° C. Then, dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) was added thereto and reacted for 10 minutes. Thereafter, a reaction was performed at room temperature for 12 hours. After the completion of the reaction, 100 ml of water was added, and the resultant was concentrated under reduced pressure. Then, extraction was conducted with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic phase was washed with water. Then, extraction was conducted with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic phase was washed with an aqueous sodium hydrocarbonate solution. This operation was conducted three times in total. Then, extraction was conducted with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic phase was washed with aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. This operation was conducted twice. Then, extraction was conducted with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic phase was washed with water. This operation was conducted three times in total. Thereafter, the resultant was concentrated under reduced pressure, followed by washing with heptane twice and drying, thereby obtaining 58.10 g of a compound (16) as an objective compound. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The results of instrumental analysis of the obtained compound (16) were as follows. 
       1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 400 MHz): δ(ppm)=6.12 (1H, s, H a ), 5.60 (1H, s, H b ), 4.73-4.71 (2H, m, H c ), 4.34 (4H, s, H d ), 3.55 (1H, m, H e ), 3.48 (1H, m, H f ), 2.68-2.57 (4H, m, H g ), 2.16-1.76 (5H, m, Hh), 1.93 (3H, s, H i ) 
     From the results above, it was confirmed that the compound (16) had a structure shown below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Example 44 
     In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 21.47 g (67.94 mmol) of a compound (15), 12.36 g (35.33 mmol) of a compound (2), 20.00 g (108.70 mmol) of a compound (3) and 11.54 g (48.92 mmol) of a compound (4) were dissolved in 98.06 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Then, 28.3 mmol of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) (V601) was added and dissolved in the obtained solution. 
     The resultant was dropwise added to 54.47 g of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate heated to 79° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 6 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was heated for 1 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature. 
     The obtained reaction polymer solution was dropwise added to an excess amount of an n-heptane/2-propanol mixed solvent, and an operation to deposit a polymer was conducted. Thereafter, the precipitated white powder was separated by filtration, followed by washing with methanol and drying, thereby obtaining 40 g of a polymeric compound 44 as an objective compound. 
     With respect to the polymeric compound 44, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw/Mn) were determined by the polystyrene equivalent value as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight was 9,700, and the dispersity was 1.55. Further, the polymeric compound 44 was analyzed by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (600 MHz,  13 C-NMR). As a result, it was found that the composition of the copolymer (ratio (molar ratio) of the respective structural units within the structural formula) was l/m/n/o=27.1/14.5/36.6/20.8 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Polymer Synthesis Examples 45 to 111 
     Polymeric compounds 45 to 111 were synthesized in the same manner as in Polymer Synthesis Example 44, except that the monomer compounds were used with the molar ratio indicated in Tables 2 to 8. 
     With respect to the obtained polymeric compounds, the compositional ratio, the molecular weight and the dispersity were determined in the same manner as described above. The results are shown in Tables 2 to 8. 
     In Tables 2 to 8, compounds (1), (2), (4) to (16) are as shown above, and compounds (17) to (19) are as shown below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Polymeric compound 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 45 
                 46 
                 47 
                 48 
                 49 
                 50 
                 51 
                 52 
                 53 
                 54 
                 55 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Monomer 
                 (15)  
                 27.1 
                 26.1 
                 36.1 
                 21.6 
                 38.5 
                 39.5 
                 20.8 
                 23.7 
                 22.1 
                 26.0 
                 27.1 
               
               
                   
                 (5) 
                   
                 35.8 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 34.3 
                 32.8 
                 36.8 
                 35.9 
                 36.8 
               
               
                   
                 (9) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 41.4 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (6) 
                   
                 17.7 
                 41.4 
                   
                   
                   
                 16.7 
                 22.0 
                 13.8 
                   
                 21.1 
               
               
                   
                 (7) 
                   
                 14.3 
                   
                   
                   
                 41.0 
                 14.9 
                 15.8 
                 14.8 
                 13.6 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 (8) 
                   
                   
                 11.7 
                 10.0 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (2) 
                 14.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (10)  
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 18.0 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (3) 
                 36.6 
                   
                   
                 56.9 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (4) 
                 20.8 
                 6.1 
                 10.8 
                 11.5 
                 20.1 
                 19.5 
                 13.3 
                 5.7 
                 12.4 
                 6.5 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mw 
                 9700 
                 7000 
                 8700 
                 7400 
                 7200 
                 7300 
                 8300 
                 7200 
                 8900 
                 7600 
                 7100 
               
               
                 Mw/Mn 
                 1.55 
                 1.65 
                 1.63 
                 1.66 
                 1.75 
                 1.71 
                 1.56 
                 1.60 
                 1.63 
                 1.54 
                 1.61 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Polymeric compound 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 56 
                 57 
                 58 
                 59 
                 60 
                 61 
                 62 
                 63 
                 64 
                 65 
                 66 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Monomer 
                 (15) 
                 23.1 
                 26.1 
                 26.0 
                 27.1 
                 23.7 
                 20.8 
                 26.1 
                 28.0 
                 27.9 
                 23.1 
                 25.1 
               
               
                   
                  (5) 
                 31.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 31.2 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (11) 
                   
                 35.8 
                 35.9 
                 36.8 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 32.9 
               
               
                   
                 (12) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 32.8 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (14) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 35.8 
                 38.0 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (13) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 34.3 
                   
                   
                 38.1 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  (6) 
                 33.6 
                 17.7 
                   
                 21.1 
                 22.0 
                 16.7 
                 17.7 
                 20.3 
                 20.9 
                   
                 31.6 
               
               
                   
                  (7) 
                   
                 14.3 
                 13.6 
                 15.0 
                 15.8 
                 14.9 
                 14.3 
                 13.7 
                 13.1 
                 33.6 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (10) 
                   
                   
                 18.0 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  (4) 
                 12.1 
                 6.1 
                 6.5 
                   
                 5.7 
                 13.3 
                 6.1 
                   
                   
                 12.1 
                 10.2 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mw 
                 7300 
                 7100 
                 7600 
                 7000 
                 7200 
                 7800 
                 7400 
                 7700 
                 7500 
                 7800 
                 7500 
               
               
                 Mw/Mn 
                 1.66 
                 1.64 
                 1.54 
                 1.61 
                 1.66 
                 1.66 
                 1.67 
                 1.63 
                 1.68 
                 1.62 
                 1.67 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Polymeric compound 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 67 
                 68 
                 69 
                 70 
                 71 
                 72 
                 73 
                 74 
                 75 
                 76 
                 77 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Monomer 
                 (15) 
                 24.0 
                 25.8 
                 25.0 
                 25.0 
                 24.5 
                 25.5 
                 24.0 
                 33.0 
                 21.4 
                 21.6 
                 21.1 
               
               
                   
                  (5) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 27.9 
                 37.7 
                 35.4 
               
               
                   
                 (11) 
                 34.3 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (12) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 33.1 
                 33.9 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (14) 
                   
                 32.7 
                 33.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (13) 
                   
                   
                   
                 33.4 
                 33.4 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  (6) 
                   
                 31.0 
                   
                 31.3 
                   
                 31.0 
                   
                 45.1 
                 18.9 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  (7) 
                 33.3 
                   
                 32.0 
                   
                 33.0 
                   
                 32.5 
                   
                 18.0 
                 14.6 
                 14.6 
               
               
                   
                  (2) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 11.0 
                 5.3 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (10) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 18.6 
                 20.8 
               
               
                   
                  (4) 
                 10.4 
                 10.5 
                 9.9 
                 10.3 
                 10.1 
                 10.4 
                 9.6 
                 9.9 
                 8.5 
                 8.1 
                 10.1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mw 
                 7200 
                 7000 
                 7800 
                 7800 
                 7200 
                 7700 
                 7400 
                 8100 
                 7100 
                 7600 
                 7800 
               
               
                 Mw/Mn 
                 1.68 
                 1.64 
                 1.65 
                 1.66 
                 1.65 
                 1.66 
                 1.69 
                 1.67 
                 1.67 
                 1.64 
                 1.62 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Polymeric compound 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 78 
                 79 
                 80 
                 81 
                 82 
                 83 
                 84 
                 85 
                 86 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Monomer 
                 (15) 
                 24.4 
                 20.4 
                 25.0 
                 22.8 
                 20.5 
                 25.5 
                 22.0 
                 20.0 
                 20.5 
               
               
                   
                  (5) 
                 35.3 
                 26.7 
                 34.9 
                 33.0 
                 36.5 
                 33.2 
                 32.9 
                 30.6 
                 42.3 
               
               
                   
                 (11) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (12) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (14) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (13) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  (6) 
                   
                   
                   
                 19.0 
                 18.0 
                 16.7 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  (7) 
                 13.3 
                 13.3 
                 13.4 
                 14.5 
                 13.3 
                 13.3 
                   
                 34.4 
                   
               
               
                   
                  (8) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  (2) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (10) 
                 19.1 
                 20.0 
                 18.4 
                   
                   
                   
                 29.0 
                   
                 21.5 
               
               
                   
                  (4) 
                 8.0 
                 18.6 
                 8.3 
                 10.6 
                 11.7 
                 11.3 
                 16.1 
                 15.0 
                 15.7 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mw 
                 7400 
                 7800 
                 7600 
                 7500 
                 7400 
                 7300 
                 7200 
                 7200 
                 7400 
               
               
                 Mw/Mn 
                 1.70 
                 1.67 
                 1.65 
                 1.63 
                 1.67 
                 1.64 
                 1.62 
                 1.66 
                 1.62 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Polymeric compound 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 87 
                 88 
                 89 
                 90 
                 91 
                 92 
                 93 
                 94 
                 95 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Monomer 
                 (15) 
                   
                 17.5 
                   
                 45.0 
                   
                 38.9 
                   
                   
                 21.0 
               
               
                   
                  (1) 
                 17.8 
                   
                 44.9 
                   
                 37.4 
                   
                 19.8 
                 21.0 
                   
               
               
                   
                  (6) 
                   
                   
                 39.0 
                 38.0 
                 38.7 
                 36.2 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (17) 
                 59.7 
                 61.4 
                 5.8 
                 6.4 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (10) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 14.1 
                 15.4 
                 60.2 
                 59.0 
                 59.0 
               
               
                   
                  (4) 
                 22.5 
                 21.1 
                 10.3 
                 10.6 
                 9.8 
                 9.5 
                 20.0 
                 9.0 
                 9.0 
               
               
                   
                 (19) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 11.0 
                 11.0 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mw 
                 10000 
                 10000 
                 9900 
                 10000 
                 7800 
                 8200 
                 6000 
                 7000 
                 7200 
               
               
                 Mw/Mn 
                 1.55 
                 1.67 
                 1.79 
                 1.74 
                 1.50 
                 1.63 
                 1.48 
                 1.65 
                 1.61 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Polymeric compound 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 96 
                 97 
                 98 
                 99 
                 100 
                 101 
                 102 
                 103 
                 104 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Monomer 
                 (15) 
                   
                 35.4 
                   
                 20.0 
                   
                 49.2 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  (1) 
                 36.4 
                   
                 19.8 
                   
                 47.0 
                   
                 47.2 
                 54.9 
                 36.5 
               
               
                   
                 (16) 
                 10.2 
                 10.6 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  (6) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 53.0 
                 50.8 
                 42.8 
                 35.5 
                 52.5 
               
               
                   
                 (17) 
                   
                   
                 29.2 
                 31.8 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (10) 
                 43.3 
                 43.8 
                 30.0 
                 28.7 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  (4) 
                 10.1 
                 10.2 
                 9.5 
                 10.3 
                   
                   
                 10.0 
                 9.6 
                 11.0 
               
               
                   
                 (19) 
                   
                   
                 9.5 
                 9.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mw 
                 5000 
                 5200 
                 9500 
                 9700 
                 6300 
                 6400 
                 8200 
                 8000 
                 5900 
               
               
                 Mw/Mn 
                 1.50 
                 1.49 
                 1.69 
                 1.70 
                 1.60 
                 1.68 
                 1.85 
                 1.94 
                 1.49 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Polymeric compound 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 105 
                 106 
                 107 
                 108 
                 109 
                 110 
                 111 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Monomer 
                 (15) 
                 49.0 
                 55.0 
                 38.2 
                   
                 32.1 
                   
                 14.8 
               
               
                   
                  (1) 
                   
                   
                   
                 31.0 
                   
                 14.0 
                   
               
               
                   
                  (6) 
                 41.9 
                 36.6 
                 50.0 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (17) 
                   
                   
                   
                 69.0 
                 67.9 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (18) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 61.5 
                 60.8 
               
               
                   
                  (4) 
                 9.1 
                 8.4 
                 11.8 
                   
                   
                 24.5 
                 24.4 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mw 
                 8000 
                 7000 
                 6400 
                 7200 
                 7000 
                 15000 
                 14800 
               
               
                 Mw/Mn 
                 1.80 
                 1.81 
                 1.60 
                 1.69 
                 1.70 
                 1.62 
                 1.58 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Examples 1 to 10 
     Comparative Example 1 
     The components shown in Table 9 were mixed together and dissolved to obtain positive resist compositions. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Component 
                 Component 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (A) 
                 (B) 
                 (D) 
                 Component (S) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 1 
                 (A)-1 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-1 
                 (S)-2 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [9.8] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [2500] 
                 [10] 
               
               
                 Ex. 2 
                 (A)-2 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-1 
                 (S)-2 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [9.8] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [2500] 
                 [10] 
               
               
                 Ex. 3 
                 (A)-3 
                 (B)-2 
                 (D)-2 
                 (S)-1 
                 (S)-2 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [10] 
                  [0.23] 
                 [2500] 
                 [10] 
               
               
                 Ex. 4 
                 (A)-4 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-1 
                 (S)-2 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [9.8] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [2500] 
                 [10] 
               
               
                 Ex. 5 
                 (A)-5 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-1 
                 (S)-2 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [9.8] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [2500] 
                 [10] 
               
               
                 Ex. 6 
                 (A)-6 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-1 
                 (S)-2 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [9.8] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [2500] 
                 [10] 
               
               
                 Ex. 7 
                 (A)-7 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-1 
                 (S)-2 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [9.8] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [2500] 
                 [10] 
               
               
                 Ex. 8 
                 (A)-8 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-1 
                 (S)-2 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [9.8] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [2500] 
                 [10] 
               
               
                 Ex. 9 
                 (A)-9 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-1 
                 (S)-2 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [9.8] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [2500] 
                 [10] 
               
               
                 Ex. 10 
                  (A)-10 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-1 
                 (S)-2 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [9.8] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [2500] 
                 [10] 
               
               
                 Comp. Ex. 
                  (A)-1′ 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-1 
                 (S)-2 
               
               
                 1 
                 [100] 
                 [9.8] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [2500] 
                 [10] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 9, the values in brackets [ ] indicate the amount (in terms of parts by weight) of the component added. Further, the reference characters indicate the following. 
     (A)-1: the aforementioned polymeric compound 1 
     (A)-2: the aforementioned polymeric compound 2 
     (A)-3: the aforementioned polymeric compound 3 
     (A)-4: the aforementioned polymeric compound 4 
     (A)-5: the aforementioned polymeric compound 5 
     (A)-6: the aforementioned polymeric compound 6 
     (A)-7: the aforementioned polymeric compound 7 
     (A)-8: the aforementioned polymeric compound 8 
     (A)-9: the aforementioned polymeric compound 9 
     (A)-10: the aforementioned polymeric compound 10 
     (A′)-1: a copolymer represented by chemical formula (A′)-1 shown below [in the formula, l/m/n=45/35/20 (molar ratio)], which has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 7,000 and a dispersity (Mw/Mn) of 1.8 
     (B)-1: a compound represented by chemical formula (B)-1 shown below 
     (B)-2: a compound represented by chemical formula (B)-2 shown below 
     (D)-1: tri-n-pentylamine 
     (D)-2: diethanolamine 
     (S)-1: a mixed solvent of PGMEA/PGME=6/4 (weight ratio) 
     (S)-2: γ-butyrolactone 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Using the obtained resist compositions, the following evaluations were conducted. 
     [Formation of Resist Pattern] 
     An organic anti-reflection film composition (product name: ARC95, manufactured by Brewer Science Ltd.) was applied onto an 12-inch silicon wafer using a spinner, and the composition was then baked at 205° C. for 60 seconds, thereby forming an organic anti-reflection film having a film thickness of 89 nm. Then, each of the resist compositions obtained above was applied onto the anti-reflection film using a spinner, and was then prebaked (PAB) on a hotplate at a temperature indicated in Table 10 for 60 seconds and dried, thereby forming a resist film having a film thickness of 100 nm. 
     Subsequently, a coating solution for forming a protection film (product name: TILC-057; manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was applied onto the resist film using a spinner, and then heated at 90° C. for 60 seconds, thereby forming a top coat with a film thickness of 35 nm. 
     Thereafter, using an ArF exposure apparatus for immersion lithography (product name: NSR-S609B, manufactured by Nikon Corporation, NA (numerical aperture)=1.07, 2/3 annular illumination, reduction ratio: 1/4, immersion medium: water), the resist film having a top coat formed thereon was selectively irradiated with an ArF excimer laser (193 nm) through a mask pattern targeting a contact hole pattern with a hole diameter of 90 nm and a pitch of 140 nm (hereafter, this contact hole pattern is referred to as “Dense pattern”) or a mask pattern targeting a contact hole pattern with a hole diameter of 90 nm and a pitch of 540 nm (hereafter, this contact hole pattern is referred to as “Iso pattern”). 
     Next, a post exposure bake (PEB) treatment was conducted at a temperature indicated in Table 10 for 60 seconds, followed by development for 60 seconds at 23° C. in a 2.38% by weight aqueous TMAH solution (NMD-3; manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.). Then, the resist film was rinsed for 30 seconds with pure water, followed by drying by shaking. 
     As a result, in each of the examples, a Dense pattern and an Iso pattern were formed. 
     The optimum exposure dose Eop (mJ/cm 2 ) with which a Dense pattern and an Iso pattern were formed was determined. The results are shown in Table 10. 
     [Mask Error Factor] 
     Contact hole patterns were formed in the same manner as in the [Formation of resist pattern], except that mask patterns with a target hole diameter size of 95 nm, 90 nm, 85 nm and 83 nm were used (the pitch was 280 nm for all mask patterns), and exposure was conducted using the above Eop determined in the formation of a Dense pattern. The value of the mask error factor (pitch: 280 nm) was determined as the gradient of a graph obtained by plotting the target size (nm) on the horizontal axis, and the actual hole diameter (nm) of the formed contact hole patterns on the vertical axis. 
     Further, contact hole patterns were formed in the same manner as in the [Formation of resist pattern], except that mask patterns with a target hole diameter size of 95 nm, 90 nm, 85 nm and 83 nm were used (the pitch was 1080 nm for all mask patterns), and exposure was conducted using the above Eop determined in the formation of an Iso pattern. The value of the mask error factor (pitch: 1080 nm) was determined as the gradient of a graph obtained by plotting the target size (nm) on the horizontal axis, and the actual hole diameter (nm) of the formed contact hole patterns on the vertical axis. 
     The results are shown in Table 10. A MEF value closer to 1 indicates that a resist pattern faithful to the mask pattern was formed. 
     [Evaluation of Pattern Shape] 
     Each of the Dense patterns formed in the [Formation of resist pattern] was observed from the upper side thereof using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the circularity was evaluated with the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 10. 
     A: only slight unevenness was observed at the circumferential portions of the hole pattern when the hole pattern was observed from the upper side thereof, and the hole pattern as a whole exhibited high circularity and excellent shape 
     B: unevenness was observed at some circumferential portions of the hole pattern 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 PAB/ 
                 Eop 
                 Eop 
                 MEF 
                 MEF 
                   
               
               
                   
                 PEB 
                 (Dense) 
                 (Iso) 
                 (280 nm 
                 (1080 nm 
                 Circu- 
               
               
                   
                 [° C.] 
                 [mJ/cm 2 ] 
                 [mJ/cm2] 
                 pitch) 
                 pitch) 
                 larity 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 1 
                 110/110 
                 21.50 
                 21.90 
                 4.70 
                 3.52 
                 B 
               
               
                 Ex. 2 
                 90/85 
                 31.50 
                 31.50 
                 4.33 
                 3.32 
                 A 
               
               
                 Ex. 3 
                 90/80 
                 15.50 
                 15.70 
                 4.39 
                 2.30 
                 A 
               
               
                 Ex. 4 
                 110/100 
                 16.70 
                 17.00 
                 4.50 
                 3.55 
                 B 
               
               
                 Ex. 5 
                 110/100 
                 38.50 
                 39.20 
                 4.20 
                 3.15 
                 B 
               
               
                 Ex. 6 
                 110/100 
                 34.20 
                 34.70 
                 4.60 
                 3.51 
                 B 
               
               
                 Ex. 7 
                 90/85 
                 45.20 
                 44.60 
                 4.56 
                 3.32 
                 B 
               
               
                 Ex. 8 
                 90/85 
                 35.00 
                 34.50 
                 4.11 
                 3.01 
                 B 
               
               
                 Ex. 9 
                 90/85 
                 32.60 
                 32.30 
                 4.12 
                 2.68 
                 B 
               
               
                 Ex. 10 
                 90/85 
                 65.50 
                 67.60 
                 6.10 
                 3.36 
                 B 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                 110/105 
                 46.00 
                 48.60 
                 6.17 
                 3.56 
                 B 
               
               
                 Ex. 1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in Table 10, with respect to the resist compositions of Examples 1 to 10, MEF was excellent for both of a Dense pattern and an Iso pattern, and hence, it was confirmed that the mask reproducibility was excellent. Further, the shape of the formed resist pattern was excellent. 
     Reference Example 1 
     Examples 11 to 14 
     Production of Resist Composition 
     The components shown in Table 11 were mixed together and dissolved to obtain positive resist compositions. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Component 
                 Component 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (A) 
                 (B) 
                 (D) 
                 Component (S) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ref. Ex. 2 
                  (A)-112 
                 (B)-3 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [8.0] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 11 
                 (A)-31 
                 (B)-3 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [8.0] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 11-1 
                 (A)-44 
                 (B)-3 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [8.0] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 12 
                 (A)-31 
                 (B)-3 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [6.4] 
                 [0.4] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 13 
                 (A)-31 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [11.1]  
                 [0.4] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 14 
                 (A)-31 
                 (B)-4 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [11.5]  
                 [0.4] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 11, the values in brackets [ ] indicate the amount (in terms of parts by weight) of the component added. Further, in Table 11, (B)-1, (D)-1, (S)-1 and (S)-2 are the same as defined above, and the other reference characters indicate the following. 
     (A)-112: a copolymer represented by chemical formula (A)-112 shown below (molecular weight: 5,000, dispersity: 1.3) 
     (A)-31: the aforementioned polymeric compound 31 
     (A)-74: the aforementioned polymeric compound 44 
     (B)-3: a compound represented by chemical formula (B)-3 shown below 
     (B)-4: a compound represented by chemical formula (B)-4 shown below 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     &lt;Evaluation of Lithography Properties&gt; 
     Using the obtained positive resist compositions, resist patterns were formed in the following manner, and the lithography properties were evaluated. 
     [Formation of Resist Pattern-1: Contact Hole Pattern] 
     An organic anti-reflection film composition (product name: ARC29A, manufactured by Brewer Science Ltd.) was applied onto an 12-inch silicon wafer using a spinner, and the composition was then baked at 205° C. for 60 seconds, thereby forming an organic anti-reflection film having a film thickness of 89 nm. Then, each of the resist compositions obtained above was applied onto the anti-reflection film using a spinner, and was then prebaked (PAB) on a hotplate at 90° C. for 60 seconds and dried, thereby forming a resist film having a film thickness of 100 nm. 
     Subsequently, a coating solution for forming a protection film (product name: TILC-035; manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was applied onto the resist film using a spinner, and then heated at 90° C. for 60 seconds, thereby forming a top coat with a film thickness of 35 nm. 
     Thereafter, using an ArF exposure apparatus for immersion lithography (product name: NSR-S609B, manufactured by Nikon Corporation, NA (numerical aperture)=1.07, σ0.97), the resist film having a top coat formed thereon was selectively irradiated with an ArF excimer laser (193 nm) through a mask pattern for forming a hole pattern. 
     Thereafter, a post exposure bake (PEB) treatment was conducted at 80° C. for 60 seconds, followed by alkali development for 30 seconds at 23° C. in a 2.38% by weight aqueous TMAH solution (NMD-W; manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.). Then, the resist was washed for 25 seconds with pure water, followed by drying by shaking. 
     As a result, in each of the examples, a contact hole pattern in which holes having a diameter of 90 nm were equally spaced (pitch: 140 nm) was formed on the resist film (hereafter, this contact hole pattern is referred to as “dense CH pattern”). 
     Next, using the optimum exposure dose (mJ/cm 2 ) with which the dense CH pattern was formed, a contact hole pattern in which holes having a hole diameter of 90 nm were equally spaced (pitch 660 nm) (hereafter, this contact hole pattern is referred to as “isolated CH pattern”) was formed in the same manner as in the formation of the dense CH pattern, except that the mask was changed. 
     [Evaluation of Exposure Margin (EL Margin)] 
     The exposure dose with which a dense CH pattern or an isolated CH pattern having a size of the target size (hole diameter of 90 nm)±5% (i.e., 85.5 nm or 94.5 nm) was formed was determined, and the EL margin (unit: %) was determined by the following formula. The results are indicated as “5% EL” in Table 12.
 
EL margin (%)=(| E 1− E 2|/ Eop )×100
 
     In the formula, E1 represents the exposure dose (mJ/cm 2 ) for forming a CH pattern with a hole diameter of 85.5 nm, and E2 represents the exposure dose (mJ/cm 2 ) for forming a CH pattern having a hole diameter of 94.5 nm. 
     &lt;&lt;Evaluation of Mask Error Factor (MEF)&gt;&gt; 
     With the above Eop, CH patterns were formed using mask patterns targeting hole diameter sizes of 95 nm, 90 nm, 85 nm and 83 nm (the pitch was fixed at 140 nm for dense CH patterns and 660 nm for isolated CH patterns). The value of the mask error factor was determined as the gradient of a graph obtained by plotting the target size (nm) on the horizontal axis, and the actual hole diameter (nm) of the formed CH patterns on the vertical axis. A MEF value (gradient of the plotted line) closer to 1 indicates that a resist pattern faithful to the mask pattern was formed. The results are shown in Table 12. 
     [Evaluation of Circularity] 
     With respect to each of the CH patterns, the shape of the holes was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (product name: SEM S-9220, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) and evaluated with the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 12. 
     A: extremely high circularity (no unevenness was observed at the circumferential portions of the hole pattern when the hole pattern was observed from the upper side thereof, and the shape of the pattern was excellent) 
     B: high circularity (although slight unevenness was observed at the circumferential portions of the hole pattern when the hole pattern was observed from the upper side thereof, the pattern as a whole had a high level of circularity) 
     C: low circularity (many uneven portions were observed at the circumferential portions of the hole pattern when the hole pattern was observed from the upper side thereof) 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 5% 
                 5% 
                   
                   
                 Circu- 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 EL 
                 EL 
                 MEF 
                 MEF 
                 larity 
                 Circu- 
               
               
                   
                 Eop 
                 Dense 
                 Iso 
                 Dense 
                 Iso 
                 Dense 
                 larity 
               
               
                   
                 (mJ/cm 2 ) 
                 CH 
                 CH 
                 CH 
                 CH 
                 CH 
                 Iso CH 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ref. 
                 23.4 
                 18 
                 9 
                 7.4 
                 3.8 
                 B 
                 B 
               
               
                 Ex. 2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 11 
                 19.7 
                 18 
                 10 
                 7.3 
                 3.6 
                 A 
                 B 
               
               
                 Ex. 11-1 
                 22.0 
                 19 
                 10 
                 7.0 
                 3.5 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                 Ex. 12 
                 23.4 
                 21 
                 10 
                 7.4 
                 2.9 
                 B 
                 A 
               
               
                 Ex. 13 
                 33.5 
                 18 
                 8 
                 7.6 
                 3.5 
                 B 
                 B 
               
               
                 Ex. 14 
                 45.4 
                 22 
                 13 
                 6.6 
                 2.54 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     From the results shown above, it was found that the resist compositions of Examples 11 to 14 according to the present invention exhibited excellent lithography properties. Further, from a comparison of Example 11 and Reference Example 2 in which the formulations were the same except for the component (A), it can be seen that the resist composition of Example 11 exhibited a equal or higher level of lithography properties as that of the resist composition of Reference Example 2. 
     Examples 15-1 and 15-2 
     Production of Resist Composition 
     The components shown in Table 13 were mixed together and dissolved to obtain positive resist compositions. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Component 
                 Component 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (A) 
                 (B) 
                 (D) 
                 Component (S) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 15-1 
                 (A)-32 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                  [9.8] 
                 [0.2] 
                 [10] 
                 [2400] 
               
               
                 Ex. 15-2 
                 (A)-40 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [10.0] 
                 [0.2] 
                 [10] 
                 [2400] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 13, the values in brackets [ ] indicate the amount (in terms of parts by weight) of the component added. Further, in Table 13, (B)-1, (D)-1, (S)-1 and (S)-2 are the same as defined above, (A)-32 represents the aforementioned polymeric compound 32, and (A)-40 represents the aforementioned polymeric compound 40. 
     &lt;Evaluation of Lithography Properties&gt; 
     Using the obtained positive resist compositions, resist patterns were formed in the following manner, and the lithography properties were evaluated. 
     [Formation of Resist Pattern-2: Contact Hole Pattern] 
     Using the resist compositions of Examples 15-1 and 15-2, resist patterns were formed in the same manner as in the [Formation of resist pattern-1], except that the mask, PAB conditions, resist film thickness, PEB conditions and developing time were changed to those indicated in Table 14, thereby obtaining a dense CH pattern with a hole diameter of 80 nm and a dense CH pattern having a hole diameter of 70 nm (the pitch was 122.5 nm for both patterns). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Resist film 
                   
                 Development 
               
               
                   
                 Mask 
                 PAB 
                 thickness 
                 PEB 
                 time 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Resist pattern 
                 CH 
                 100° C., 
                 120 nm 
                 95° C., 
                 30 sec 
               
               
                 formation 2 
                 pattern 
                 60 sec 
                   
                 60 sec 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     [Evaluation of Circularity] 
     With respect to the obtained dense CH patterns, the circularity was evaluated in the same manner as in [Evaluation of circularity] for Examples 11 to 14. 
     The optimum exposure dose Eop with which the dense CH patterns was formed and the results of the evaluation of circularity are shown in Table 15. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 15 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Eop (mJ/cm 2 ) 
                 Circularity 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Hole diameter 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 70 nm 
                 80 nm 
                 70 nm 
                 80 nm 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 15-1 
                 28.4 
                 24.1 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 15-2 
                 28.7 
                 24.7 
                 B 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Examples 16-1 and 16-2 
     Reference Example 3 
     Production of Resist Composition 
     The components shown in Table 16 were mixed together and dissolved to obtain positive resist compositions. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Compo- 
                 Compo- 
                 Compo- 
                 Compo- 
                 Compo- 
               
               
                   
                 nent (A) 
                 nent (B) 
                 nent (D) 
                 nent (E) 
                 nent (S) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 16-1 
                 (A)-32  
                 (B)-3 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [7.0] 
                 [0.35] 
                 [0.64] 
                 [25] 
                 [2400] 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-2 
                 (A)-7  
                 (B)-3 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [7.0] 
                 [0.35] 
                 [0.64] 
                 [25] 
                 [2400] 
               
               
                 Ref. Ex. 3 
                 (A)-113 
                 (B)-3 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [7.0] 
                 [0.35] 
                 [0.64] 
                 [25] 
                 [2400] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 16, the values in brackets [ ] indicate the amount (in terms of parts by weight) of the component added. Further, in Table 16, (B)-3, (D)-1, (S)-1 and (S)-2 are the same as defined above, and the other reference characters indicate the following. 
     (A)-32: the aforementioned polymeric compound 32 
     (A)-7: the aforementioned polymeric compound 7 
     (A)-113: a polymeric compound represented by formula (A)-113 shown below (molecular weight: 9,200, dispersity: 2.1) 
     (E)-1: salicylic acid 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     &lt;Evaluation of Lithography Properties&gt; 
     Using the obtained positive resist compositions, resist patterns were formed in the following manner, and the lithography properties were evaluated. 
     [Formation of Resist Pattern-3: Line and Space Pattern] 
     Using the resist compositions of Examples 16-1 and 16-2 and Reference Example 3, resist patterns were formed in the same manner as in the [Formation of resist pattern-2], except that the mask, PAB conditions, resist film thickness, PEB conditions and developing time were changed to those indicated in Table 17, thereby obtaining a line and space pattern (L/S pattern) with a line width of 45 nm and a pitch of 90 nm. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Resist film 
                   
                 Development 
               
               
                   
                 Mask 
                 PAB 
                 thickness 
                 PEB 
                 time 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Resist pattern 
                 L/S 
                 120° C., 
                 120 nm 
                 90° C., 
                 10 sec 
               
               
                 formation - 3 
                 pattern 
                 60 sec 
                   
                 60 sec 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     [Uniformity of Target Size] 
     The obtained L/S patterns were observed from the upper side thereof using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (product name: S-9220, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). As a result, with respect to the resist compositions of Examples 16-1 and 16-2, it was found that the formed patterns exhibited a high uniformity of the target size. 
     [Evaluation of Depth of Focus (DOF)] 
     With the optimum exposure dose Eop for forming the above L/S pattern, the focus was appropriately shifted up and down and resist patterns were formed in the same manner as in the [Formation of resist pattern-3], and the depth of focus (DOF; unit: nm) with which an L/S pattern was formed within the range where the variation in the target size of the L/S pattern was ±5% (i.e., 42.8 nm to 47.3 nm) was determined. 
     The “DOF” is the range of depth of focus in which a resist pattern having a predetermined size within the range corresponding to the target size can be formed when the exposure focus is moved upwardly or downwardly with the same exposure dose, i.e., the range in which a resist pattern faithful to the mask pattern can be obtained. Larger DOF is more preferable. 
     The results are indicated as “5% DOF” in Table 18. From the results, it was confirmed that the resist compositions of Examples 16-1 and 16-2 exhibited an excellent DOF as compared to that of the resist composition of Reference Example 3. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 18 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Eop 
                 5% DOF 
               
               
                   
                 (mJ/cm 2 ) 
                 (nm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Ex. 16-1 
                 15.7 
                 210 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 16-2 
                 13.1 
                 210 
               
               
                   
                 Ref. Ex. 3 
                 17.6 
                 180 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 17 
     Production of Resist Composition 
     The components shown in Table 19 were mixed together and dissolved to obtain positive resist compositions. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 19 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Component 
                 Component 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (A) 
                 (B) 
                 (D) 
                 Component (S) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 17 
                 (A)-39 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [9.8] 
                 [0.3] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 19, the values in brackets [ ] indicate the amount (in terms of parts by weight) of the component added. Further, in Table 19, (B)-1, (D)-1, (S)-1 and (S)-2 are the same as defined above, and (A)-39 represents the aforementioned polymeric compound 39. 
     &lt;Evaluation of Lithography Properties&gt; 
     Using the obtained positive resist compositions, resist patterns were formed in the following manner, and the lithography properties were evaluated. 
     [Formation of Resist Pattern-4: Contact Hole Pattern] 
     Using the resist compositions of Example 17 and Comparative Example 1, resist patterns were formed in the same manner as in the [Formation of resist pattern-1], except that the mask, PAB conditions, resist film thickness, PEB conditions and developing time were changed to those indicated in Table 20, thereby obtaining a dense CH pattern with a hole diameter of 80 nm (pitch: 122.5 nm). 
     [Table 20] 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 20 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Resist film 
                   
                 Development 
               
               
                   
                 Mask 
                 PAB 
                 thickness 
                 PEB 
                 time 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Resist pattern 
                 CH 
                 100° C., 
                 120 nm 
                 95° C., 
                 30 sec 
               
               
                 formation - 4 
                 pattern 
                 60 sec 
                   
                 60 sec 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     With respect to the obtained dense CH pattern, evaluations were performed in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 14. The results are shown in Table 21. 
     With respect to the 5% EL (%), the value for a hole diameter of 90 nm was also determined. 
     Further, the criteria for the evaluation of circularity is the same as those in Examples 11 to 14. 
     The patterns formed for the evaluation of MEF is described below. 
     [Formation of Resist Pattern for MEF Evaluation] 
     With the optimum exposure dose Eop with which the dense CH pattern was formed, CH patterns were formed using a mask pattern (the pitch fixed at 122.5 nm) targeting a hole diameter of 78 nm to 85 nm (8 targets at intervals of 1 nm). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 21 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 5% EL (%) 
                 5% EL (%) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Eop 
                 Diameter: 
                 Diameter: 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (mJ/cm 2 ) 
                 80 nm 
                 90 nm 
                 MEF 
                 Circularity 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 17 
                 30.0 
                 11 
                 21 
                 6.6 
                 A 
               
               
                 Comp. Ex. 1 
                 45.0 
                 8 
                 9 
                 8.5 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Examples 18 to 31 
     Comparative Example 2 
     Production of Resist Composition 
     The components shown in Table 22 were mixed together and dissolved to obtain positive resist compositions. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 22 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Compo- 
                 Compo- 
                 Compo- 
                 Compo- 
                 Compo- 
               
               
                   
                 nent (A) 
                 nent (B) 
                 nent (D) 
                 nent (E) 
                 nent (S) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 18 
                 (A)-39 
                 (B)-5 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [8.3] 
                 [2.0] 
                 [0.81] 
                 [1.01] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 19 
                 (A)-33 
                 (B)-7 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [6.7] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [0.53] 
                 [0.63] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 20 
                 (A)-34 
                 (B)-5 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [8.4] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [0.25] 
                 [0.30] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 21 
                 (A)-34 
                 (B)-5 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [6.4] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [0.40] 
                 [0.48] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 22 
                 (A)-35 
                 (B)-7 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [6.7] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [0.53] 
                 [0.85] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 23 
                 (A)-36 
                 (B)-7 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [6.7] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [0.27] 
                 [0.43] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 24 
                 (A)-37 
                 (B)-7 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [6.7] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [0.47] 
                 [0.75] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 25 
                 (A)-35 
                 (B)-5 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [6.4] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [0.30] 
                 [0.48] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 26 
                 (A)-37 
                 (B)-5 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [6.4] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [0.24] 
                 [0.38] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 27 
                 (A)-35 
                 (B)-5 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [8.3] 
                 [2.0] 
                 [0.66] 
                 [1.05] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 28 
                 (A)-36 
                 (B)-5 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [8.3] 
                 [2.0] 
                 [0.37] 
                 [0.59] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 29 
                 (A)-37 
                 (B)-5 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [8.3] 
                 [2.0] 
                 [0.66] 
                 [1.05] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 30 
                 (A)-35 
                 (B)-8 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [7.5] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [0.42] 
                 [0.67] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 31 
                 (A)-39 
                 (B)-3 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [6.1] 
                 [2.0] 
                 [0.81] 
                 [1.01] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                  (A)-114 
                 (B)-3 
                 (B)-6 
                 (D)-1 
                 (E)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                 Ex. 2 
                 [100] 
                 [6.1] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [0.47] 
                 [0.75] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 22, the values in brackets [ ] indicate the amount (in terms of parts by weight) of the component added. Further, in Table 22, (B)-3, (D)-1, (S)-1 and (S)-2 are the same as defined above, and the other reference characters indicate the following. 
     (A)-39: the aforementioned polymeric compound 39 
     (A)-33: the aforementioned polymeric compound 33 
     (A)-34: the aforementioned polymeric compound 34 
     (A)-35: the aforementioned polymeric compound 35 
     (A)-36: the aforementioned polymeric compound 36 
     (A)-37: the aforementioned polymeric compound 37 
     (A)-114: a polymeric compound represented by formula (A)-114 shown below (molecular weight: 7,200, dispersity: 1.75) 
     (B)-5: a compound represented by chemical formula (B)-5 shown below 
     (B)-6: triphenylsulfonium camphorsulfonate 
     (B)-7: a compound represented by chemical formula (B)-7 shown below 
     (B)-8: a compound represented by chemical formula (B)-8 shown below 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     &lt;Evaluation of Lithography Properties&gt; 
     Using the obtained positive resist compositions, resist patterns were formed in the following manner, and the lithography properties were evaluated. 
     [Formation of Resist Pattern-5: Line and Space Pattern] 
     Using the resist compositions of Examples 18 to 31 and Comparative Example 2, resist patterns were formed in the same manner as in the [Formation of resist pattern-3], except that the mask, PAB conditions, resist film thickness, PEB conditions and developing time were changed to those indicated in Table 23, thereby obtaining a line and space pattern (L/S pattern) with a line width of 50 nm and a pitch of 100 nm. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 23 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Resist film 
                   
                 Development 
               
               
                   
                 Mask 
                 PAB 
                 thickness 
                 PEB 
                 time 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Resist pattern 
                 L/S 
                 105° C., 
                 90 nm 
                 95° C., 
                 10 sec 
               
               
                 formation - 5 
                 pattern 
                 60 sec 
                   
                 60 sec 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     [Uniformity of Target Size] 
     The obtained L/S patterns were observed from the upper side thereof using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (product name: S-9220, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). With respect to each of the L/S patterns, the deviation of the size of the lines was evaluated by measuring 16 line pattern sizes and determining the value of 3 times the standard deviation (s), i.e., the 3s value. In the table shown below, a 3s value of less than 3.0 is indicated as “A”, a 3s value of 3.0 or more and less than 3.8 is indicated as “B”, and a 3s value of 3.8 or more is indicated as “C”. 
     The optimum exposure dose Eop with which the L/S patterns were formed and the results of the evaluation of the uniformity of the target size are shown in Table 24. As shown in Table 24, the patterns formed using the resist compositions of Examples 18 to 31 exhibited excellent uniformity of the target size, as compared to the pattern formed using the resist composition of Comparative Example 2. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 24 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Uniformity 
               
               
                   
                 Eop 
                 of target 
               
               
                   
                 (mJ/cm 2 ) 
                 size 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Ex. 18 
                 35.9 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 19 
                 35.1 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 20 
                 35.7 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 21 
                 36.5 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 22 
                 27.0 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 23 
                 30.5 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 24 
                 27.9 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 25 
                 29.2 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 26 
                 29.6 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 27 
                 26.4 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 28 
                 30.2 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 29 
                 28.1 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 30 
                 27.1 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 31 
                 35.9 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 Comp. Ex. 2 
                 31.4 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Examples 32 and 33 
     The components shown in Table 25 were mixed together and dissolved to obtain positive resist compositions. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 25 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Component (A) 
                 Component (B) 
                 Component (S) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 32 
                 (A)-9  
                 (B)-7 
                 (B)-6 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                 [6.7] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 33 
                 (A)-40 
                 (B)-5 
                 (B)-6 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                  [6.35] 
                 [2.6] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 25, the values in brackets [ ] indicate the amount (in terms of parts by weight) of the component added. Further, in Table 25, (B)-5 to (B)-7, (S)-1 and (S)-2 are the same as defined above, and the other reference characters indicate the following. 
     (A)-9: the aforementioned polymeric compound 9 
     (A)-40: the aforementioned polymeric compound 40 
     &lt;Evaluation of Lithography Properties&gt; 
     Using the obtained positive resist compositions, resist patterns were formed in the following manner, and the lithography properties were evaluated. 
     [Formation of Resist Pattern-6: Space and Line Pattern (Trench)] 
     Using the resist compositions of Examples 32, 33 and Comparative Example 2, resist patterns were formed in the same manner as in the [Formation of resist pattern-3], except that the mask, PAB conditions, resist film thickness, PEB conditions and developing time were changed to those indicated in Table 26, thereby obtaining a space and line pattern (S/L pattern) with a space width of 55 nm and a pitch of 110 nm. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 26 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Resist film 
                   
                 Development 
               
               
                   
                 Mask 
                 PAB 
                 thickness 
                 PEB 
                 time 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Resist pattern 
                 S/L 
                 105° C., 
                 100 nm 
                 90° C., 
                 40 sec 
               
               
                 formation - 6 
                 pattern 
                 60 sec 
                   
                 60 sec 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (trench) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     With respect to the obtained S/L patterns, DOF, MEF and LWR were evaluated as follows. The results are shown in Table 27. In consideration of the results of MEF and LWR, the DOF was not evaluated for Comparative Example 2. 
     DOF was evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 16-1 and 16-2 with a target space width of 55 nm. 
     [Formation of Resist Pattern for MEF Evaluation] 
     With the optimum exposure dose Eop with which the S/L pattern was formed, S/L patterns were formed using a mask pattern (the pitch fixed at 110 nm) targeting a space size of 53 nm to 60 nm (8 targets at intervals of 1 nm). 
     [Evaluation of Line Width Roughness (LWR)] 
     With respect to each of the S/L patterns obtained above, the line width at 5 points in the lengthwise direction of the line were measured using a measuring scanning electron microscope (SEM) (product name: S-9220, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.; acceleration voltage: 800V), and from the results, the value of 3 times the standard deviation (s) (i.e., 3(s)) was calculated as a yardstick of LWR. The smaller this 3(s) value is, the lower the level of roughness of the line width, indicating that an S/L pattern with a uniform width was obtained. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 27 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Eop 
                 5% DOF 
                   
                 LWR 
               
               
                   
                 (mJ/cm 2 ) 
                 (nm) 
                 MEF 
                 (nm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Ex. 32 
                 28.1 
                 480 
                 2.1 
                 4.8 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 33 
                 32.0 
                 540 
                 2.0 
                 4.8 
               
               
                   
                 Comp. Ex. 2 
                 32.0 
                 — 
                 3.3 
                 5.8 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Examples 34 to 37 
     The components shown in Table 28 were mixed together and dissolved to obtain positive resist compositions. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 28 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Compo- 
                 Compo- 
                 Compo- 
                 Compo- 
               
               
                   
                 nent (A) 
                 nent (B) 
                 nent (D) 
                 nent (S) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 34 
                 (A)-41 
                 — 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                   
                 [10.8] 
                 [0.1] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 35 
                 (A)-41 
                 — 
                 (B)-4 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                 [100] 
                   
                 [12.6] 
                 [0.1] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 36 
                 (A)-41 
                 (A)-43 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                  [50] 
                 [50] 
                 [11.3] 
                 [0.1] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                 Ex. 37 
                 (A)-41 
                 (A)-42 
                 (B)-1 
                 (D)-1 
                 (S)-2 
                 (S)-1 
               
               
                   
                  [66] 
                 [34] 
                 [10.8] 
                 [0.1] 
                 [10] 
                 [3200] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 28, the values in brackets [ ] indicate the amount (in terms of parts by weight) of the component added. Further, in Table 28, (B)-1, (B)-4, (D)-1, (S)-1 and (S)-2 are the same as defined above, and the other reference characters indicate the following. 
     (A)-41: the aforementioned polymeric compound 41 
     (A)-42: the aforementioned polymeric compound 42 
     (A)-43: the aforementioned polymeric compound 43 
     &lt;Evaluation of Lithography Properties&gt; 
     Using the obtained positive resist compositions, resist patterns were formed in the following manner, and the lithography properties were evaluated. 
     [Formation of Resist Pattern-7: Contact Hole Pattern] 
     Using the resist compositions of Examples 34 to 37, 15-2 and 17 and Comparative Example 1, resist patterns were formed in the same manner as in the [Formation of resist pattern-3], except that the mask, PAB conditions, resist film thickness, PEB conditions and developing time were changed to those indicated in Table 29, thereby obtaining a dense CH pattern with a hole diameter of 70 nm (pitch: 122.5 nm). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 29 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Resist film 
                   
                 Development 
               
               
                   
                 Mask 
                 PAB 
                 thickness 
                 PEB 
                 time 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Resist pattern 
                 CH 
                 100° C., 
                 120 nm 
                 90° C., 
                 30 sec 
               
               
                 formation - 7 
                 pattern 
                 60 sec 
                   
                 60 sec 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     With respect to the obtained resist patterns, various lithography properties were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 30. 
     The criteria for the evaluation of circularity is the same as those in Examples 11 to 14. 
     DOF was evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 16-1 and 16-2 with a target hole diameter of 70 nm. 
     MEF was evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 14. The patterns formed for the evaluation of MEF is described below. 
     [Formation of Resist Pattern for MEF Evaluation] 
     With the optimum exposure dose Eop with which the dense CH pattern was formed, CH patterns were formed using a mask pattern (the pitch fixed at 122.5 nm) targeting a hole diameter of 68 nm to 75 nm (8 targets at intervals of 1 nm). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 30 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Eop 
                   
                 5% DOF 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (mJ/cm 2 ) 
                 MEF 
                 (nm) 
                 Circularity 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Ex. 34 
                 23.9 
                 6.0 
                 250 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 35 
                 25.2 
                 7.2 
                 240 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 36 
                 25.9 
                 8.9 
                 220 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 37 
                 31.0 
                 9.2 
                 130 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 15-2 
                 23.6 
                 6.3 
                 160 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 17 
                 24.0 
                 7.0 
                 150 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 Comp. Ex. 1 
                 35.0 
                 11 
                 60 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Synthesis Example of Component (B) 
     Synthesis of (B)-4 
     (i) To 60.75 g of methanesulfonic acid controlled to 20° C. or lower was added 8.53 g of phosphorus oxide, 8.81 g of 2,6-dimethylphenol and 12.2 g of diphenylsulfoxide in small amounts. The resultant was matured for 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature at 15 to 20° C., followed by elevating the temperature to 40° C. and maturing for 2 hours. Then, the reaction mixture was dropwise added to 109.35 g of pure water cooled to 15° C. or lower. Thereafter, 54.68 g of dichloromethane was added and stirred, and the dichloromethane phase was collected. 386.86 g of hexane at a temperature of 20 to 25° C. was added to a separate vessel, and the dichloromethane phase was dropwise added thereto. Then, the resultant was matured at 20 to 25° C. for 30 minutes, followed by filtration, thereby obtaining an intermediate compound (f-01) as an objective compound (yield: 70.9%). 
     The obtained intermediate compound (f-01) was analyzed by  1 H-NMR. 
       1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6,600 MHz): δ(ppm)=7.61-7.72 (m, 10H, phenyl), 7.14 (S, 2H c ), 3.12 (S, 3H, H b ), 2.22 (s, 6H, H a ). 
     From the results shown above, it was confirmed that the obtained intermediate compound (f-01) had a structure shown below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (ii) 4 g of the intermediate compound (f-01) was dissolved in 79.8 g of dichloromethane. After confirming that the compound (f-01) had dissolved in dichloromethane, 6.87 g of potassium carbonate was added thereto, and 3.42 g of 2-methyl-2-adamantyl bromoacetate was further added. A reaction was effected under reflux for 24 hours, followed by filtration, washing with water, and crystallization with hexane. The resulting powder was dried under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining 3.98 g of an objective compound (yield: 66%). 
     The obtained objective compound was analyzed by  1 H-NMR. The results are shown below. 
       1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 600 MHz): δ(ppm)=7.83-7.86 (m, 4H, phenyl), 7.69-7.78 (m, 6H, phenyl), 7.51 (s, 2H, Hd), 4.46 (s, 2H, Hc), 2.39 (s, 6H, Ha), 2.33 (s, 2H, Adamantane), 2.17 (s, 2H, Adamantane), 1.71-1.976 (m, 11H, Adamantane), 1.68 (s, 3H, Hb), 1.57-1.61 (m, 2H, Adamantane). 
     From the results of the analysis shown above, it was confirmed that the objective compound contained a compound (f-1) having a structure shown below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Further, as a result of an ion chromatography analysis, it was confirmed that the obtained objective compound also contained a compound (f-2) and a compound (f-3), both of which had the same NMR data for the cation moiety as that of the compound (f-1). The amounts of the compound (f-1), the compound (f-2) and the compound (f-3) were 21.4 mol %, 11.4 mol % and 67.2 mol %, respectively. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (iii) 5.00 g of a compound (IX) shown below was dissolved in 50.0 g of pure water, and 6.19 g of the compound (f-3) and 50.0 g of methylene chloride were added thereto in this order, followed by stirring at room temperature for 10 hours. Then, the organic phase was collected from the resultant by liquid separation. Thereafter, the organic phase was washed three times with a 1% aqueous HCl solution, once with a 1% aqueous ammonia solution and four times with pure water, and the organic phase was concentrated, thereby obtaining 8.58 g of an objective compound (compound (B)-4) in the form of a white solid (yield: 90.4%). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The obtained compound (B)-4 was analyzed by  1 H-NMR and  19 F-NMR. 
       1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6,400 MHz): δ(ppm)=1.47-1.95 (m, 15H, Ad, 3H, anion), 2.13-2.16 (m, 2H, Ad, 1H, anion), 2.30 (s, 6H, PhCH 3 ), 2.49 (m, 1H, anion), 3.48 (m, 1H, anion), 3.88 (t, 1H, anion), 4.58 (s, 2H, CH 2 ) 4.66 (t, 1H, anion), 4.78 (m, 1H, anion), 7.57 (m, 2H, Ph), 7.72-7.84 (m, 10H, Ph). 
       19 F-NMR (DMSO-d6,400 MHz): δ(ppm)-107.8 (m, 2F, CF 2 ) (the peak of hexafluorobenzene was regarded as −160 ppm). 
     From the results above, it was confirmed that the compound (B)-4 had a structure as shown in formula (g) above. 
     Synthesis Example of (B)-8 
     (i) 150 g of methyl fluorosulfonyl(difluoro)acetate and 375 g of pure water were maintained at 10° C. or lower in an ice bath, and 343.6 g of a 30% by weight aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide was dropwise added thereto. Then, the resultant was refluxed at 100° C. for 3 hours, followed by cooling and neutralizing with a concentrated hydrochloric acid. The resulting solution was dropwise added to 8,888 g of acetone, and the precipitate was collected by filtration and dried, thereby obtaining 184.5 g of a compound (I) in the form of a white solid (purity: 88.9%, yield: 95.5%). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (ii) 56.2 g of the compound (I) and 562.2 g of acetonitrile were prepared, and 77.4 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added thereto. The resultant was refluxed at 110° C. for 3 hours. Then, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated and dried to obtain a solid. 900 g of t-butyl methyl ether was added to the obtained solid and stirred. Thereafter, the resultant was filtered, and the residue was dried, thereby obtaining 22.2 g of a compound (II) in the form of a white solid (purity: 91.0%, yield: 44.9%). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (iii) 17.7 g of the compound (II) obtained in step (ii) (purity: 91.0%), 13 g of a compound (II′) represented by formula (II′) shown below and 88.3 g of toluene were prepared, and 5.85 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added thereto. The resultant was refluxed at 130° C. for 26 hours. Then, the reaction mixture was filtered, and 279.9 g of methyl ethyl ketone was added to the residue, followed by stirring. Thereafter, the resultant was filtered, and 84.0 g of methanol was added thereto, followed by stirring. The resultant was filtered, and the residue was dried, thereby obtaining 20.2 g of a compound (III) in the form of a white solid (purity: 99.9%, yield: 72.1%). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (iv) 15.0 g of the compound (III) obtained in step (iii) (purity: 99.9%) was dissolved in 66.4 g of pure water. To the resulting solution was added 13.3 g of 4-methyltriphenylsulfonium bromide dissolved in 132.8 g of dichloromethane, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. Thereafter, the resultant was subjected to liquid separation to take out the organic phase. The organic phase was washed with 66.4 g of pure water, and then the organic phase was concentrated and dried, thereby obtaining 20.2 g of an objective compound ((B)-8) in the form of a colorless viscous liquid (yield: 88.1%). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The obtained compound (B)-8 was analyzed by NMR. The results are shown below. 
       1 H-NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): δ(ppm)=7.86-7.58 (m, 14H, Ha+Hb), 5.48 (m, 1H, Hd), 4.98 (s, 1H, He), 4.73-4.58 (d, 2H, Hf), 2.71 (m, 1H, Hg), 2.43 (m, 3H, Hc), 2.12 (m, 2H, Hh). 
       19 F-NMR (DMSO, 376 MHz): δ(ppm)=−106.9. 
     From the results above, it was confirmed that the compound (B)-8 had a structure shown below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Synthesis Example of (B)-7 
     4.34 g of a compound (II) (purity: 94.1%), 3.14 g of 2-benzyloxyethanol and 43.4 g of toluene were prepared, 0.47 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added thereto, and the resultant was refluxed at 105° C. for 20 hours. Then, the reaction mixture was filtered, and 20 g of hexane was added to the residue and stirred. Thereafter, the resultant was filtered, and the residue was dried, thereby obtaining 1.41 g of a compound (V) (yield: 43.1%). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The obtained compound (V) was analyzed by NMR. The results are shown below. 
       1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6,400 MHz): δ(ppm)=4.74-4.83 (t, 1H, OH), 4.18-4.22 (t, 2H, H a ), 3.59-3.64 (q, 2H, H b ). 
       19 F-NMR (DMSO-d6, 376 MHz): δ(ppm)=−106.6. 
     From the results above, it was confirmed that the compound (V) had a structure shown below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To 1.00 g of the compound (V) and 3.00 g of acetonitrile were dropwise added 0.82 g of 1-adamantanecarbonyl chloride and 0.397 g of triethylamine while cooling with ice. 
     Then, the resultant was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours, followed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated and dried, and dissolved in 30 g of dichloromethane, followed by washing with water three times. Thereafter, the organic phase was concentrated and dried, thereby obtaining 0.82 g of a compound (VI) (yield: 41%). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The obtained compound (VI) was analyzed by NMR. 
       1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ(ppm)=8.81 (s, 1H, H c ), 4.37-4.44 (t, 2H, H d ), 4.17-4.26 (t, 2H, H e ), 3.03-3.15 (q, 6H, H b ), 1.61-1.98 (m, 15H, Adamantane), 1.10-1.24 (t, 9H, H a ). 
       19 F-NMR (DMSO-d6, 376 MHz): δ(ppm)=−106.61. 
     From the results above, it was confirmed that the compound (VI) had a structure shown below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     0.384 g of a compound (VII) was dissolved in 3.84 g of dichloromethane and 3.84 g of water, and 0.40 g of the compound (VI) was added thereto. The resultant was stirred for 1 hour, followed by liquid separation to collect the organic phase. The organic phase was washed with 3.84 g of water three times. Thereafter, the resulting organic phase was concentrated and dried, thereby obtaining 0.44 g of an objective compound ((B)-7) (yield: 81.5%). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The obtained compound (B)-7 was analyzed by NMR. 
       1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ(ppm)=7.57-7.87 (m, 14H, Phenyl), 4.40-4.42 (t, 2H, H b ), 4.15-4.22 (t, 2H a ), 2.43 (s, 3H, H c ), 1.60-1.93 (m, 15H, Adamantane). 
       19 F-NMR (DMSO-d6, 376 MHz): δ(ppm)=−106.7. 
     From the results above, it was confirmed that the compound (B)-7 had a structure shown below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Synthesis Example of (B)-5 
     5.00 g of the compound (II), 5.68 g of sultone-OH (c) and 100 g of toluene were prepared, and 0.43 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added thereto. The resultant was heated until toluene was refluxed, and a reaction was effected in this state for 65 hours. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was filtered, and 100 g of toluene was added to the residue, followed by stirring at room temperature for 10 minutes. This filtration step was performed twice to obtain a black powder. The obtained powder was dried under reduced pressure for one night, and extraction was conducted twice using 100 g of acetone. Then, acetone was distilled off from the filtrate, and the resultant was dissolved in 30 g of acetone to obtain a solution. The obtained solution was gradually added to a mixture of 300 g of TBME and 300 g of methylene chloride in a dropwise manner, and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration and dried, thereby obtaining 6.88 g of a compound (IX) in the form of a white powder (yield: 78.4%). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The obtained compound (IX) was analyzed by  1 H-NMR and  19 F-NMR. 
       1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ(ppm) 1.73-2.49 (m, 4H, Ha, Hb), 2.49 (m, 1H, Hc), 3.48 (m, 1H, Hd), 3.88 (t, 1H, He), 4.66 (t, 1H, Hf), 4.78 (m, 1H, Hg). 
       19 F-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ(ppm) −107.7 (m, 2F, Fa) (the peak of hexafluorobenzene was regarded as −160 ppm). 
     From the results above, it was confirmed that the compound (d) had a structure shown below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (ii) Subsequently, 3.21 g of the compound (IX) was added to 32.1 g of pure water, and 3.72 g of 4-methylphenyldiphenylsulfonium bromide and 32.1 g of methylene chloride were added thereto in this order, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Then, the organic phase was collected from the resultant by liquid separation. Thereafter, the organic phase was washed three times with a 1% aqueous HCl solution, and four times with pure water, and the organic phase was concentrated, thereby obtaining 4.94 g of an objective compound ((B)-5) in the form of a white solid (86.8%). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The obtained compound (B)-5 was analyzed by  1 H-NMR and  19 F-NMR. 
       1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ(ppm) 1.74-2.21 (m, 4H, anion), 2.41 (t, 3H, PhCH 3 ), 2.58 (m, 1H, anion), 3.48 (m, 1H, anion), 3.87 (t, 1H, anion), 4.66 (t, 1H, anion), 4.78 (m, 1H, anion), 7.58 (m, 2H, ph), 7.64-7.84 (m, 12H, ph). 
       19 F-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ(ppm)-107.6 (m, 2F, Fa) (the peak of hexafluorobenzene was regarded as −160 ppm). 
     From the results above, it was confirmed that the compound (B)-5 had a structure shown above.