Patent Publication Number: US-7897938-B2

Title: Scintillator panel

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/389,028, filed Mar. 27, 2006 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,662,427, which is a Continuation Application of application Ser. No. 10/217,652, filed Aug. 14, 2002 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,048,967 issued May 23, 2006), which is a Continuation Application of application Ser. No. 09/737,818, filed Dec. 18, 2000 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,777,690 issued Aug. 17, 2004), which is a Continuation-In-Part application of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP99/03269 filed on Jun. 18, 1999, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to an organic film vapor deposition method for depositing a moisture-resistant protective film onto a scintillator panel for medical X-ray photography or the like and the scintillator panel made by this method. 
     2. Related Background Art 
     While X-ray sensitive films have been used in medical and industrial X-ray photography, radiation imaging systems using radiation detecting devices have been coming into wider use from the viewpoint of convenience and their storability of photographed results. In such a radiation imaging system, pixel data caused by two-dimensional radiation are acquired by a radiation detecting device as an electric signal, which is then processed by a processing unit, so as to be displayed onto a monitor. 
     Conventionally known typical radiation detecting devices include those disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. HEI 5-196742 and No. SHO 63-215987. Such a radiation detecting device forms a scintillator on an imaging device or FOP, such that the radiation incident thereon from the scintillator side is converted by the scintillator into light, so as to be detected. 
     Here, CsI, which is a typical scintillator material, is high in moisture absorbency and deliquesces by absorbing vapor (moisture) in the air, thereby deteriorating characteristics of the scintillator such as the resolution in particular. Therefore, a moisture-resistant barrier impermeable to water is formed on the upper side of the scintillator layer in the above-mentioned radiation detecting device, so as to protect the scintillator against the moisture. 
     While a polyparaxylylene film or the like is in use as the moisture-resistant barrier for protecting the scintillator against the moisture, this polyparaxylylene film is deposited by CVD method (vapor phase growth method). When depositing a polyparaxylylene film by CVD method, a planar vapor deposition table or meshed vapor deposition table in a state where a substrate formed with a scintillator is mounted thereon is put into a vapor deposition chamber of a vapor deposition apparatus, whereby the polyparaxylylene film is deposited. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     When the polyparaxylylene film is deposited by the above-mentioned method, however, the polyparaxylylene film is formed not only on the substrate but also on the vapor deposition table, whereby the substrate is harder to take up from the vapor deposition table, and it has been impossible for the polyparaxylylene film to be formed over all surfaces of the substrate formed with the scintillator. 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide an organic film vapor deposition method for depositing an organic film for protecting a scintillator panel onto all surfaces of a substrate formed with a scintillator. 
     The present invention is characterized in that it comprises a first step of supporting a substrate formed with a scintillator on at least three protrusions of a target-support element disposed on a vapor deposition table so as to keep a distance from the vapor deposition table; a second step of introducing the vapor deposition table having the substrate supported by the target-support element into a vapor deposition chamber of a CVD apparatus; and a third step of depositing an organic film by CVD method onto all surfaces of the substrate, provided with the scintillator, introduced into the vapor deposition chamber in a state that said substrate is supported so as to keep a distance from said vapor deposition table. 
     According to the present invention, since the substrate is supported away from the vapor deposition table by the target-support element disposed on the vapor deposition table, the organic film can also be deposited onto the underside of the substrate supported by the sample support, whereby the organic film can be deposited on all surfaces of the substrate including the scintillator by CVD method. Also, the substrate can easily be taken up from the vapor deposition table after the organic film is deposited thereon. 
     The target-support element of the present invention is characterized in that it is constituted by at least three target-support needles. Also, the target-support is characterized in that it is constituted by a strand member. 
     Also, the present invention is characterized in that the organic film in the organic film vapor deposition method is a polyparaxylylene film. According to the present invention, the polyparaxylylene film can be deposited on all surfaces of the substrate provided with the scintillator by CVD method. 
     A scintillator panel according to the present invention having organic film deposited by the above-mentioned method. 
     This scintillator panel comprises a substrate, a scintillator formed on the substrate, and an organic film covered substantial all surfaces of the substrate not only over the scintillator side but also over the opposite side. This scintillator panel has good moisture-resistant performance. 
     The present invention will be more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. 
     Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of a polyparaxylylene vapor deposition apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic view of the vapor deposition chamber in the polyparaxylylene vapor deposition apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a view showing a state where a substrate is supported on a turntable of the polyparaxylylene vapor deposition apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4A  is a view showing a manufacturing step of a scintillator panel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4B  is a view showing a manufacturing step of the scintillator panel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5A  is a view showing a manufacturing step of the scintillator panel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5B  is a view showing a manufacturing step of the scintillator panel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 6  is a modified example of sample support in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the following, a polyparaxylylene film (organic film) deposition method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.  FIG. 1  is a diagram of a polyparaxylylene vapor deposition apparatus used in the polyparaxylylene film vapor deposition method. 
     This polyparaxylylene vapor deposition apparatus comprises a vaporization chamber  1  for receiving and vaporizing diparaxylylene which is a material for polyparaxylylene; a thermal decomposition chamber  2  for heating vaporized diparaxylylene to a higher temperature so as to form a radical therefrom; a vapor deposition chamber  3  for depositing diparaxylylene in a radicalized state onto a substrate formed with a scintillator; a cooling chamber  4  for deodorizing and cooling; and an exhaust system  5  having a vacuum pump. Here, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the vapor deposition chamber  3  has an inlet  3   a  for introducing polyparaxylylene radicalized in the thermal decomposition chamber  2  and an outlet  3   b  for discharging an excess of polyparaxylylene, and also has a turntable (vapor deposition table)  3   c  for supporting a target onto which a polyparaxylylene film is to be deposited. 
     First, in the polyparaxylylene vapor deposition apparatus, a disk-shaped or rectangular sheet-like substrate  10  formed with a scintillator  12  is supported on the turntable  3   c  of the vapor deposition chamber  3  by target-support needles  20 . Namely, as shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the bottom face of substrate  10  is supported by three target-support needles  20  disposed so as to form a substantially equilateral triangle, and is disposed on the turntable  3   c . These three target-support needles  20  constitute a target-support element. Here, each target-support needle  20  has a pointed target-support portion  20   a  at one end and a disk-shaped base portion  20   b , in contact with the upper face of the turntable  3   c , at the other end. In the substrate  10  formed with the scintillator  12 , as shown in  FIG. 4A , columnar crystals of CsI doped with Tl are grown by a thickness of 250 μm by a vapor deposition method on one surface of the disk-shaped or rectangular sheet-like substrate  10  (having a thickness of 0.5 mm) made of Al, so as to form the scintillator  12 . 
     Subsequently, the turntable  3   c , on which the substrate  10  formed with the scintillator  12  is disposed, is introduced into the vapor deposition chamber  3 , whereas diparaxylylene heated to 175° C. and vaporized in the vaporization chamber  1  and then heated to 690° C. and radicalized in the thermal decomposition chamber  2  is introduced into the vapor deposition chamber  3  from the inlet  3   a , whereby a first polyparaxylylene film  14  is deposited on all surfaces of the scintillator  12  and substrate  10  by a thickness of 10 μm (see  FIG. 4B ). Namely, since the substrate  10  formed with the scintillator  12  is supported only by the tip parts of target-support portions  20   a  of the target-support needles  20  on the turntable  3   c , the first polyparaxylylene film  14  can be deposited not only on the surfaces of scintillator  12  and substrate  10 , but also on the underside of the substrate  10  and the like. 
     In this case, the inside of vapor deposition chamber  3  is maintained at a vacuum of 13 Pa. On the other hand, the turntable  3   c  is rotated at a speed of 4 rpm so that the first polyparaxylylene film  14  is uniformly deposited. The excess of polyparaxylylene is discharged from the outlet  3   b , so as to be led into the cooling chamber  4  for deodorizing and cooling and the exhaust system  5  having a vacuum pump. 
     Subsequently, the substrate  10  having the first polyparaxylylene film  14  deposited thereon is taken out of the vapor deposition chamber  3 , and an SiO 2  film  16  is formed on the first polyparaxylylene film  14  on the scintillator  12  side with a thickness of 300 nm by sputtering (see  FIG. 5A ). Since the SiO 2  film  16  is aimed at improving the moisture resistance of scintillator  12 , it is formed in an area covering the scintillator  12 . 
     Further, a second polyparaxylylene film  18  is deposited with a thickness of 10 μm again by CVD method on the surface of SiO 2  film  16  and the surface of first polyparaxylylene film  14  not formed with the SiO 2  film  16  on the substrate  10  side (see  FIG. 5B ). Namely, the substrate  10  is supported by the three target-support needles  20  on the turntable  3   c  of the vapor deposition chamber  3  in this case as well in a manner similar to that at the time when the first polyparaxylylene film  14  is deposited. That is, in a manner similar to that at the time when the first polyparaxylylene film  14  is deposited, the bottom face of substrate  10  is supported by the three target-support needles  20  disposed so as to form a substantially equilateral triangle, and is disposed on the turntable  3   c  (see  FIGS. 2 and 3 ). In this case, the substrate  10  is supported such that the position at which the substrate  10  is supported by the target-support needles  20  at the time when the first polyparaxylylene film  14  is deposited and the position at which the substrate  10  is supported by the target-support needles  20  at the time when the second polyparaxylylene film  18  is deposited deviate from each other. 
     Then, the turntable  3   c  is introduced into the vapor deposition chamber  3 , whereas diparaxylylene heated to 175° C. and vaporized in the vaporization chamber  1  and then heated to 690° C. and radicalized in the thermal decomposition chamber  2  is introduced into the vapor deposition chamber  3  from the inlet  3   a , whereby the second polyparaxylylene film  18  is deposited on all surfaces of the scintillator  12  and substrate  10  by a thickness of 10 μm. When this step is completed, the making of a scintillator panel  30  ends. This scintillator panel  30  is used as a radiation detector when an unshown imaging device (CCD) is bonded thereto on the scintillator  12  side and X-rays are made incident thereon from the substrate  10  side. 
     Since the substrate  10  formed with the scintillator  12  is supported only by the tip parts of target-support portions  20   a  of the sample supportneedles  20  on the turntable  3   c , the contact area between the bottom face of substrate  10  and the tip parts of target-support portions  20   a  becomes smaller, whereby polyparaxylylene films can uniformly be deposited on the underside of substrate  10  and the like as well in the polyparaxylylene film vapor deposition method in accordance with this embodiment. Also, the substrate  10  can easily be taken up from the turntable  3   c  after the first and second polyparaxylylene films  14  and  18  are deposited. 
     Since the position at which the substrate  10  is supported by the target-support needles  20  at the time when the first polyparaxylylene film  14  is deposited and the position at which the substrate  10  is supported by the target-support needles  20  at the time when the second polyparaxylylene film  18  is deposited are shifted from each other, the first and second polyparaxylylene films  14  and  18  can be prevented from peeling off, and the moisture resistance of scintillator  12  can be improved. 
     Though the substrate  10  formed with the scintillator  12  is supported by three target-support needles  20  in the above-mentioned embodiment, it may also be supported by four or more target-support needles. 
     Also, though each target-support needle  20  has a pointed target-support portion  20   a  at one end and a disk-shaped base portion  20   b  at the other end in the above-mentioned embodiment, the form of target-support needle  20  can be changed as appropriate as long as it can stably support the substrate  10  on the turntable  3   c  while yielding a small contact area with the bottom face of substrate  10 . For example, the substrate may be supported by a strand member (target-support)  40  as shown in  FIG. 6 . Since the substrate  10  is supported by at least three protrusions  40   a  of the strand member  40  in this case as well, the contact area between the bottom face of substrate  10  and the strand member  40  can be made smaller, whereby the polyparaxylylene film can uniformly be deposited on the underside of substrate  10  and the like as well. 
     Though the SiO 2  film  16  is used as a transparent inorganic film in the above-mentioned embodiment, it is not restrictive; and inorganic films made from SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , In 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , MgO, MgF 2 , LiF, CaF 2 , AgCl, SiNO, SiN, and the like may also be used. 
     Though CsI(Tl) is used as the scintillator  12  in the above-mentioned embodiment, it is not restrictive; and CsI(Na), NaI(Tl), LiI(Eu), KI(Tl), and the like may also be used. 
     Though a substrate made of Al is used as the substrate  10  in the above-mentioned embodiment, any substrate can be used as long as it has a favorable X-ray transmissivity, whereby substrates made of amorphous carbon, substrates mainly composed of carbon such as a substrate made of C (graphite), substrates made of Be, substrates made of SiC, and the like may also be used. Also, substrates made of glass, and FOP (fiber optical plate) may be used. 
     In the above-mentioned embodiment, polyparaxylylene encompasses not only polyparaxylylene but also polymonochloroparaxylylene, polydichloroparaxylylene, polytetrachloroparaxylylene, polyfluoroparaxylylene, polydimethylparaxylylene, polydiethylparaxylylene, and the like. 
     According to the organic film vapor deposition method of the present invention, organic films can be deposited on all surfaces of the substrate provided with the scintillator, and the substrate can easily be taken up from the turntable after the organic films are deposited. 
     From the invention thus described, it will be obvious that the invention may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended for inclusion within the scope of the following claims.