Patent Publication Number: US-6909367-B1

Title: Method of determining the exact location of an individual in a structure

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to tracking the location of an individual and more specifically to a method of determining the exact location of an individual in a structure to control temperature in the structure. 
     2. Discussion of the Prior Art 
     The prior art teaches numerous ways of tracking an individual in a structure. U.S. Pat. No. 5,458,123 to Unger discloses a system for monitoring patient location and data. Unger teaches wearing a transmitter to monitor vital signs of a patient. The patient&#39;s location is determined by using at least three antennas. U.S. Pat. No. 5,917,425 to Crimmins et al. discloses an IR/RF locator. Crimmins et al. teaches a plurality of stationary units distributed in zones through an enclosure. The article or person carries a portable device so that the infrared communication link can derive location information of the article or person. However, neither of the above patents teaches or suggests using relative signal strength to triangulate the location of a specific individual in a structure. 
     Accordingly, there is a clearly felt need in the art for a method of determining the exact location of an individual in a structure for controlling temperature adjacent the individual; controlling temperature in other areas of the structure; reducing the cost of energy; and improving comfort. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a method of determining the exact location of an individual in a structure to control temperature and other functions in the structure. The method of determining the exact location of an individual in a structure (method of determining location) includes at least one transmitter unit, at least three receiver units and a central processing unit (CPU). A single transmitter unit is attached to each individual in the structure. The at least three receiver units are preferably arranged inside the structure in a triangular configuration. At least three receiver units are required for each transmitter unit. Each receiver unit provides a received signal strength output. If it is desired to control temperature adjacent the individual, a temperature signal output is also included in the transmitter unit. A panic button signal may also be included as one of the transmitter outputs. 
     The CPU preferably includes a controller, at least one input device and an input/output board (I/O board). The at least one input device is preferably a keyboard and/or a mouse. The I/O board receives data from the at least three receiver units. The I/O board includes a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (A/D converters) and data buffering. The received signal strength outputs from the at least three receiver units are converted from analog signals into digital received strength signals by the plurality of A/D converters. The digital received strength signals, the temperature signals and the panic signals are buffered by the I/O board. The I/O board is connected to the input pins of the controller and the output pins of the controller are preferably connected to the I/O board. 
     The controller is preferably a computer, but other microprocessor or microcontroller based devices may also be used. The controller inputs the data received from the I/O board and determines the location of each individual in the structure and whether the area they are in requires temperature modification. If an individual is not in an area, the temperature may be modified to provide a nonoccupied temperature. The controller will also provide a temperature, if more than one individual is in the same area. If temperature modification is required, the controller will send control signals through the I/O board to control the operation of a furnace or air conditioner and motorized dampers in vents and ducts. The controller may be programmed to open and close motorized drapes or to operate lighting according to a time schedule. The controller may also be used to turn on audio or video for a specific individual. A panic button may be included in the transmitter and the controller programmed to seek assistance. 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of determining location, which provides improved comfort. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of determining location, which reduces the cost of energy. 
     Finally, it is another object of the present invention to provide a method of determining location, which may be used to control other functions, such as lighting, audio, video and security. 
     These and additional objects, advantages, features and benefits of the present invention will become apparent from the following specification. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a system block diagram of a method of determining location in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a transmitter unit of a method of determining location in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a receiver unit of a method of determining location in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a flow chart of an operational program of a method of determining location in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a floor plan of a structure having three receiver units in accordance with the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     With reference now to the drawings, and particularly to  FIG. 1 , there is shown a system block diagram of a method of determining location. The method of determining location includes at least one transmitter unit  10 , at least three receiver units  12  and a central processing unit (CPU)  14 . A single transmitter unit  10  is attached to each individual in a structure. With reference to  FIG. 2 , each transmitter unit  10  preferably includes a microprocessor  16 , an encoder  18 , and a transmitter  20 . The microprocessor  16  sends temperature and possibly other data to the encoder  18 . The encoder  18  packetizes temperature and possibly other data for transmission The transmitter  20  receives the packetized data from an output of the encoder  18 . The transmitter  20  combines the packetized data with an RF signal to create a packetized signal. The frequency of the RF signal is different for each individual who has a transmitter unit  10 . The packetized signal is transmitted by the transmitter  20 . However, the transmitter unit  10  should include the possible use of other transmitter technologies. Temperature adjacent an individual may be monitored using a temperature sensor  22 . The microprocessor  16  inputs the temperature from the temperature sensor  22  and outputs temperature data to the encoder  18 . The microprocessor  16  may be programmed to activate the transmitter  20  in at least three different ways. First, the transmitter  20  may continuously transmit temperature and other data. Second, the transmitter  20  may periodically transmit temperature and other data. For example, the transmission occurs every 3 seconds. Third, the transmitter  20  may transmit temperature and other data when the temperature drops out of a temperature range. The microprocessor  16  compares the temperature with a high and low value of temperature range. If the temperature is outside of the high and low values, the transmitter  20  is activated. The temperature values in the range are preferably inputed into each transmitter unit  10  with a transmitter programming cradle  23 . A panic button  24  may be connected to the microprocessor  16 . If the panic button  24  is depressed, an emergency transmission is added to the temperature data. The emergency transmission is forwarded to the CPU  14  and the CPU  14  executes some action to make contact for assistance. A transmitter recharging cradle  26  may be used to recharge batteries in the transmitter unit  10 . 
     The at least three receiver units  12  are preferably arranged on each floor of the structure in a triangular configuration. The at least three receiver units  12  are required for each transmitter unit  10 . Each person who has a transmitter unit  10  will transmit on a different frequency. Each receiver unit  12  is only capable of receiving a packetized signal from a single transmitter unit  10 . With reference to  FIG. 3 , each receiver unit  12  includes a receiver  28 . The receiver  28  receives the packetized signal from the transmitter  20 , outputs a received strength signal and strips the packetized data from the RF signal. 
     It is preferable that an operational program have the ability to be calibrated to the correct position of an individual. Electro-magnetic interference contained within the structure will change the magnitude of the packetized signal. Therefore, it is advisable that the operational program learn and store signal strength values for each area of the structure. If temperature adjacent an individual is monitored, a decoder  30  is connected to the receiver  28 . The decoder  30  unpacketizes the temperature and other possible data and outputs the temperature data to the I/O board. 
     The CPU  14  preferably includes a controller  32 , at least one input device  34  and an input/output board (I/O board)  36 . The controller  32  is preferably a computer, but other microprocessor or microcontroller based devices may also be used. The at least one input device  34  is preferably a keyboard and/or a mouse. The I/O board  36  receives data from the at least three receivers units  12 . The I/O board  36  includes a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (A/D converters) and data buffering. The received signal strength outputs from the at least three receivers units  12  are converted from analog signals into digital received strength signals by the plurality of A/D converters. The digital received strength signals, the temperature and possible other data are buffered by the I/O board  36 . The I/O board  36  is connected to the input pins of the controller  32  and the output pins of the controller  32  are preferably connected to the I/O board  36 . The. I/O board  36  outputs control signals to control the operation of a furnace, air conditioner, and motorized dampers in vents and ducts in block  37 . The controller  32  may be programmed to open and close motorized drapes or to operate lighting according to a time schedule. The controller  32  may also be used to turn on audio or video for a specific individual. 
     With reference to  FIG. 4 , the operational program in the controller  32  preferably operates the system in the following manner. The operational program waits for data input from the I/O board  36  in process block  100 . The data input from the I/O board  36  is checked for validity in decision block  102 . If valid data was not received, then the elapsed time since the last packet of data is compared to the data transmitting interval in decision block  104 . The test in decision block  104  is used if a periodic transmission method is utilized. For example the transmission interval T is every 3 seconds. If the transmission interval has not passed, then the operational program would return to process block  100  to again wait for data. If the elapsed time since the last data transmission is greater than transmission interval T, the program would return control of a temperature control system to a standard thermostat control in process block  106 . 
     There are at least two reasons why data has not been received in the expected amount of time. First, the individual wearing the transmitter unit  10  has left the structure. If the individual has left the structure, the system is able to track the individual&#39;s movements in process block  108 . If the individual was the last to leave the structure or was the only one in the structure, a house alarm routine in the operational program is capable of arming the alarm system. The operational program is preferably capable of setting other control functions, such as temperature, lighting and window shades. The operational program will return to process block  100  and wait for data or someone to return to the structure. Second, if the transmitter is not out of range, the operational program would enter an error routine in process block  110 , because it is known that there is no valid data. The elapsed time since last data received is excessive, and the individual is not out of range. 
     If valid data has been received in process block  102 , the present position of the individual is calculated from that data in process block  112 . The received strength signals from each receiver unit  12  are used to determine the location of the individual in the structure through triangulation. If the present position is not the same as the last known position in decision block  114 , the direction of movement is determined in process block  116 . Devices (such as lighting, audio, video and security) adjacent the individual are activated to meet the needs of the individual, while devices in other areas of the structure are set to a nonoccupied state in process block  118 . 
       FIG. 5  shows a first receiver unit  11 , a second receiver unit  13  and a third receiver unit  15  disposed in a structure  17 . One method of triangulating the location of an individual is through the use of trigonometry. Trigonometry is used to calculate the x-y coordinates of the individual. However, other methods of triangulation may also be used. A distance between the first receiver unit  11  and the second receiver unit  13  is used as a first leg “A” of a triangle. A distance from a receiver unit to an individual is calculated using the magnitude of each packetized signal received by each receiver unit. The distance between the first receiver unit  11  and an individual “I”, becomes a second leg “B” of the triangle. The distance between a second receiver unit  13  and the individual “I”, becomes a third leg “C” of the triangle. However, the individual “I” could be located in one of two positions, therefore two possible triangles are created. The distance between the third receiver unit  15  and the individual “I” will determine the actual location of the individual “I”. 
     The system is preferably capable of controlling other devices in the structure. For example, if lighting, audio and video are controllable; the preferred lighting, audio and video for that particular individual can be set in the exact area(s) of the structure that the individual is about to enter or has entered. Different preferences for each individual can be entered into the controller  32  through the at least one input device  34 . Default settings (such as temperature) are activated when more than one individual is in the same area of the structure. Further, default settings exist for temperature, lighting, audio and other devices in nonoccupied areas of the structure. 
     If the position of the individual remains the same, the temperature preference of that individual for the particular area is compared to a database of individual temperature preferences in decision block  120 . If the temperature is not within the range programmed in the transmitter unit  10 ; the temperature control is activated in process block  122 . An individual may have multiple preferences for different areas in the structure. The individual may also have preferences for each area at different times of the day. The temperature may be modified by opening and closing motorized dampers in either individual vents in the structure or in ducts that control airflow to a larger area. After temperature control has been set, the operational program returns to process block  100 . 
     If the temperature is within acceptable limits for a particular individual, it must be determined whether the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) is powered in decision block  124 . If the temperature control is on, then power down the HVAC in process block  126 ; the operational program returns to process block  100 . If the HVAC is off, the operational program returns to process block  100 . The operations program waits for more data in process block  100 . An individual is defined as a person, animal, object or any other appropriate entity. 
     While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects, and therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.